OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hopi Junior/Senior High School

Hopi Junior Senior High School (HJSHS) is a tribal junior high and high school in Keams Canyon, Arizona, USA. It is operated in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) as a grant day school.

## Administration

* Superintendent (Acting) – Alban Naha
* High School Principal – Lynn Fredericks
* Junior High Principal – Alban Naha
* Special Education Director – Dr. Melba Martin
* Dean of Students – Jerry Cronin

## Governing Board

* President – Valerie Kooyaquaptewa
* Vice-president – Sandra Dennis
* Clerk – Loretta Myron

## Academics

Hopi Junior Senior High School is accredited by Cognia, formerly known as the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

## Sports accomplishments

The Hopi Bruins' boys' and girls' teams are a prominent activity at the school. Running is deeply rooted in the northern Arizona tribe's tradition as a way to carry messages and bless the reservation with rain. The boys currently have a total of 27 straight state championships, which is the national record according to the National Federation of State High School Associations, while the girls currently have 22 state titles.
Boys' Cross Country (27 state champions) (national record)
* 1990. 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
Girls' Cross Country (22 State Champions)
* 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013

## History

The school's 1987 opening gave the Hopi community its first reservation high school and allowed for the closure of the Phoenix Indian School. For most of its history, it has been the only high school in Keams Canyon.
For a time in the late 1990s and 2000s, the school was a public charter, though it changed back to a BIE school in 2005.
In November 2013, Charles Youvella, a running back and defensive back for Hopi's football team, incurred a head injury during a Division V playoff game against the team from Arizona Lutheran Academy; he lined up for two more plays, then collapsed on the field. He was in critical condition by the time he reached St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix and died two days later.

## Footnotes

* ↑ The public Cedar Unified School District opened White Cone High School in 2005 and closed it in 2012.
# Lingonberry jam

Lingonberry jam is a staple of Northern European cuisine and otherwise highly popular in Central and Eastern Europe. Lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) grow on a short evergreen shrub in the Arctic tundra throughout the Northern Hemisphere from Eurasia to North America.

## History

In Sweden, lingonberries may be sold as jam and juice, and as a key ingredient in dishes and desserts. Lingonberry jam may be served with meat courses, such as meatballs, beef stew or liver dishes (such as maksalaatikko); regionally, it is served with fried herring. Traditional dishes such as kroppkakor, pitepalt, potato pancakes, spinach pancakes, kåldolmar, fläskpannkaka, mustamakkara and black pudding are also commonly combined with lingonberries. The jam can also be paired with oatmeal porridge (sometimes together with cinnamon), mashed potatoes and some desserts.

## Composition

Fine lingonberry jam is prepared with berries, sugar and, optionally, a small amount of water. Cheaper varieties can be diluted with apples. Sweetened lingonberries (rårörda lingon) or (rørte tyttebær) is prepared fresh by just mixing berries and sugar, without boiling. Because of the benzoic acid, which is found in high amounts in lingonberries, the berries keep well without any preservatives.
# Bujić

Bujić (Serbian Cyrillic: Бујић; Albanian: Buhiç) is a village located in the municipality of Preševo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 89 people of which 88 are Albanian and 1 other.
# Abra (boat)

An abra (Arabic: عبرة abra) is a traditional boat made of wood.
Abras are used to ferry people across the Dubai Creek in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. They travel between the water station at Shindagha/Al Ghubaiba on the Bur Dubai side, and the water station at Al Sabkha on the Deira side. The abras depart every few minutes. The fare is 1 dirham, which is paid to the ferry driver.

## History

Abras were the oldest form of the public transport system in Dubai. They enabled the movement of men and materials between the two shores of the creek called Deira and Bur Dubai. These are still used as water taxis run by the government of Dubai. They also serve the purpose of a tourist attraction.
3D printed abras came into operation in July 2024.

## Cultural Significance

The abra is more than just a means of transportation; it is a vital link to Dubai's maritime past and has played a significant role in the city's cultural heritage. Historically, Dubai Creek served as the main artery for trade and commerce, connecting the city to the broader Arabian Peninsula and beyond. Abras, along with the larger dhows, ferried spices, textiles, and pearls, contributing to the growth of Dubai's early economy and facilitating trade with regions as far as Persia and India.
# Folk instruments of Punjab

Punjabi folk music (Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੋਕ ਸੰਗੀਤ (Gurmukhi); پنجابی لوک موسیقی (Shahmukhi)) has a wide range of traditional musical instruments used in folk music and dances like Bhangra, Giddha etc. Some of the instruments are rare in use and to find even. Here are some best known traditional instruments of the Punjab region used in various cultural activities.

## Instruments

Here is a list of Punjabi folk musical instruments in alphabetical order:
* Algoze
* Bugchu
* Chimta
* Dilruba
* Dhadd
* Dhol
* Gagar
* Gharha
* Ektara
* Kato
* Khartal
* Sapp
* Sarangi
* Tumbi
# Kiek in de Kök

Kiek in de Kök (Low German: Peek into the Kitchen) is an old Low German nickname for towers, mainly those that formed parts of town fortifications. They gained the name from the ability of tower occupants to see into kitchens of nearby houses. Due to the history of the Hanseatic League and the Teutonic Order, towers far outside modern Germany also bear this name, such as those in Gdańsk and Tallinn.
The Kiek in de Köks include:
* Kiek in de Kök, Tallinn
* Kiek in de Kök, Gdańsk
* Kiek in de Köken, Magdeburg
* In Tallinn, Estonia
* In Gdańsk, Poland
* In Magdeburg, Germany
* This article about a castle, palace or manor house in Europe is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Chandan Ram Das

Chandan Ram Das (10 August 1957 – 26 April 2023) was an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party and member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Bageshwar constituency in Bageshwar district from 2007 until his death in 2023.

## Death

Das died on 26 April 2023, at the age of 65 at Bageshwar district hospital.
# Rosie DiManno

Rosie DiManno (born c. 1956) is a Canadian journalist who has worked at the Toronto Star since beginning her career in 1975. In 2012 the Canadian Olympic Committee honored DiManno for covering over 10 Olympic games.

## Life and career

DiManno was born in Toronto to Italian immigrants. She began her career as a sportswriter in 1975. DiManno has been a columnist with the Toronto Star since 1989. Though she continues to write material for the Star sports section, including game coverage of Toronto Blue Jays baseball and Toronto Maple Leafs hockey, her column is much more wide ranging, generally offering opinion and commentary on current local, national or international news stories. Because of her coverage of both sports and current affairs, it is not unusual for DiManno to generate a few thousand words of material for the Star daily.
DiManno is author of several books, including Glory Jays: Canada's World Series Champions, a 1993 book about The Toronto Blue Jays' World Series-winning season, Rosie and the Leafs, a 2000 book about the Toronto Maple Leafs, and Coach: The Pat Burns Story, a biography of National Hockey League Pat Burns.
Claire Sibonney of the Ryerson Review of Journalism described DiManno as a "provocative and unpredictable bad girl". DiManno's writing style has occasionally attracted negative attention internationally.
On July 13, 2016, DiManno was arrested and charged with assault by the Ontario Provincial Police's Bancroft detachment stemming from an incident near Finnegan Lake. On January 10, 2017, the assault charge was dropped, according to DiManno's lawyer.
On August 19, 2020, an internal memo was sent to Toronto Star newsroom staff regarding the creation of a new internal ombud role. The position is the first of its kind at the Toronto Star, allowing for all journalists to have a safe space to express concerns of editorial-related discrimination and bias. DiManno responded in a reply-all email that the new role was a "fucking abomination," and has since been condemned for her "hateful, racist" comments in a subsequent letter to management that was signed by more than 60 Toronto Star employees.
# Al-Jamiatul Arabia Haildhar Madrasa

Al-Jamiatul Arabia Lil Baneena Wal Banaat Haildhar (Bengali: আল জামিয়াতুল আরাবিয়া হাইলধর মাদ্রাসা; Arabic: الجامعة العربية للبنين والبنات هائلدهر), popularly known as the Haildhar Madrasa (Bengali: হাইলধর মাদ্রাসা) is the first Qawmi madrasa having Female Branch in Bangladesh. The madrasah is founded by Allama Abdul Malek Halim.

## Education system

The Jamia offers education from the primary level up to highest level of Islamic education. The Jamia has the following depts of education:
* Dept of Primary Education
* Dept of Secondary Education
* Dept Higher Secondary Education
* Dept of Tafsir
* Dept of Hadith
* Dept of Fiqh
* Dept of Mantiq
* Dept of Tajweed
* Dept of Arabic and Bengali Literature

## Publication

'Al-Jamiatul Arabia Lil Baneena Wal Banaat Haildhar' publishes a magazine called Deeni Biplon (Revolution). The magazine contains the lecture of Islamic scholar, poem written by the madrasah student, news regarding present Muslim World and news of the madrasah.
# Robert Henry Preston

Robert Henry Preston (March 15, 1840 - December 18, 1926) was an Ontario doctor and political figure. He represented Leeds South from 1875 to 1879 and from 1883 to 1886 and Leeds from 1886 to 1894 in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative member.
He was born in Bastard Township, Leeds County in 1840, the son of Anthony Preston, a farmer who came to Upper Canada from Ireland. His younger brother Richard Franklin Preston was also a physician and politician. In 1862, he received an M.D. from Ann Arbor Medical College in Michigan; he went on to study at Bellvue College in New York City and Queen's College and received his license to practice medicine in 1864, setting up practice in Newboro. In 1868, he was named associate coroner for the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville. Preston was president of the Brockville, Westport and Sault Ste. Marie Railway. He married Elizabeth, the daughter of Benjamin Tett, in 1868. He served as president of the North Crosby and Newboro Agricultural Association. Preston was also a member of the Freemasons.

## Electoral history

vte1875 Ontario general election: Leeds South :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Robert Henry Preston | 1,481 | 58.70 |
| | Liberal | R. Fields | 1,042 | 41.30 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,523 | 79.87 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 3,159 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | Swing |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
# Udești

Udești (German: Uydestie) is a commune located in Suceava County, Bukovina, northeastern Romania. It is composed of eleven villages: Chilișeni, Luncușoara, Mănăstioara, Plăvălari, Poieni-Suceava, Racova, Reuseni, Rușii-Mănăstioara, Securiceni, Știrbăț, and Udești.

## Natives

* Eusebiu Camilar [ro] (1910–1965), writer and translator, corresponding member of the Romanian Academy
* Eusebie Popovici (1863–1937), politician and teacher
* Traian Popovici (1892–1946), lawyer and mayor of Cernăuți during World War II
# 1915 in architecture

The year 1915 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.

## Buildings and structures
### Buildings opened

* April – The Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition, designed by Jan Letzel, is opened; it becomes the Hiroshima Peace Memorial.
* April 21 – Theatre Circo, Braga, Portugal.
* November 6 – Tunkhannock Viaduct, Nicholson, Pennsylvania, designed by Abraham Burton Cohen.

### Buildings completed

* Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, Bombay, designed by George Wittet.
* Kumarakottam Temple, Kanchipuram, India rebuilt.
* Yosemite Lodge at the Falls, Yosemite Village, California.
* Well Hall Estate for arsenal workers at Woolwich in south-east London, designed by Frank Baines.

## Awards

* RIBA Royal Gold Medal – Frank Darling.
* Grand Prix de Rome, architecture: not held.

## Births

* April 22 – Edward Larrabee Barnes, American architect (died 2004)
* May 8 – Laurent Chappis, French architect and town planner (died 2013)
* October 4 – Beverly Loraine Greene, African American architect (died 1957)
* December 12 – Tobias Faber, Danish architect and academic (died 2010)
* December 31 – George Pace, English ecclesiastical architect (died 1975)

## Deaths

* February 17 – George Franklin Barber, American residential architect (born 1854)
* April 17 – Philip Webb, English architect (born 1831)
* May 28 – Robert Chisholm, British "Indo-Saracenic" architect (born 1840)
* June 25 – John James Clark, Australian architect (born 1838)
* July 11 – Albert Schickedanz, Austro-Hungarian architect and painter in the Eclectic style (born 1846)
# Aasgard Pass

Aasgard Pass, officially identified as Colchuck Pass, (elevation 7,841 feet (2,390 m)) is a mountain pass on the east side of the Cascades in Washington's Alpine Lakes Wilderness southwest of Leavenworth. It is the shorter and steeper of two primary hiking routes into the Enchantments, one of Washington's most popular hiking areas. It separates Colchuck Lake (elevation 5,570 feet (1,700 m)) to the northwest from the Upper Enchantment Basin (elevation ~7,500 feet (2,300 m)) to the southeast. Aasgard Pass is located at the saddle between Dragontail Peak and the Enchantment Peaks.
Attempts to change the name officially in 1967 and 1988 were both turned down by the US Board on Geographic Names; thus, the name "Colchuck Pass" is retained on United States Geological Survey (USGS) maps. Mountaineers have long referred to the feature as Aasgard Pass, the name favored by famed climber and guide author Fred Beckey. The name was likely coined by Bill and Peggy Stark, who explored the Enchantments extensively in the mid-20th Century, and who gave Nordic mythological names to many of the lakes that previously had been named by A. H. Sylvester, a U.S. Geological Survey topographer supervisor of Wenatchee National Forest in the early 1900s who is credited with discovering the region. The official naming rulings of the US Board in the 1960s resulted in a mixture of the two name sets being adopted as official. The current policy of not adopting new names for geographic features in wilderness areas probably precludes the rest of the names identified by the Starks from ever achieving official status.
# Urspelt Castle

Urspelt Castle (Luxembourgish: Schlass Ischpelt; French: Château d'Urspelt) is located in the little village of Urspelt some 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Clervaux in northern Luxembourg. Though the castle has a history going back at least three centuries, today's building dates from 1860. After comprehensive restoration work and additions, it recently opened as a hotel and meeting centre.

## History

The origins of the castle go back more than 300 years when it was a small country property. Then in 1860, Amand Bouvier considerably expanded it. A new garden was laid out, now one of the area's most notable parks with its avenues and elm trees. When Bouvier died in 1900, he left a magnificent estate to his nephew Alfred Bouvier but he and his descendants failed to show much interest in the property.
During the Second World War, the Germans used the castle as their headquarters for northern Luxembourg until they were forced to abandon it to the Americans during the Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944. It was a command post of Lieutenant Colonel Donald Paul, commanding officer of the 1st Battalion, 110th Infantry.
After the war, the castle fell into disrepair and was used only as a hunting lodge. Towards the end of the 20th century, the deserted building was increasingly invaded by the surrounding undergrowth.
Finally, in August 2005, Freddy Lodomez bought the property and immediately embarked on comprehensive restoration work which continued for three years as the building was fitted out as a luxury hotel. An old well, apparently dating back to an 11th-century stronghold, was found and renovated. A second tower was added at the far end of the castle to house a lift.

## The castle today

Since August 2008, the building has functioned as a hotel with restaurant and conference centre.
# John Wells-Thorpe

John Arthur Wells-Thorpe OBE (1928–2019) was an English architect. He is best known for the breadth of his design capability in both the UK and numerous locations overseas.

## Biography
### Early life

John Wells-Thorpe was born in 1928 in Brighton, East Sussex, England. He attended the Brighton, Hove and Sussex Grammar School. He graduated from the University of Brighton (then called the Brighton College of Art), followed by three international scholarships to Rome, Northern Italy and Moorish Spain.

### Career

He designed the Church of the Ascension in Westdene, Brighton, in 1958. From 1958 to 1959 he designed the Church of the Resurrection, now known as St Patrick's Roman Catholic Church, in Woodingdean. In 1968, he designed the Holy Cross Church in Woodingdean. Five years later, in 1973, he added an extension to St Wilfrid's Church in Chichester. In 1974, he designed Hove Town Hall. He also designed a "relocatable church", a TV studio in the Arabian Desert, and financial headquarters next door to St Paul's Cathedral in London.
He served as vice-president of the Royal Institute of British Architects and president of the Commonwealth Association of Architects. He also served on the advisory board of the BBC. He was founding chair of South Downs Health NHS Trust.
In the 1995 New Year Honours he was appointed OBE for services to architecture.
He died on 21 April 2019 at the age of 90.
# Nakhjir

Nakhgir (Persian: نخجير, also Romanized as Nakhgīr) is a village in Margown Rural District, Margown District, Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 9 families.
# Clunes railway station, Victoria

Clunes railway station is a regional railway station on the Mildura line, part of the Victorian railway network. It serves the town of Clunes, in Victoria, Australia. Clunes station is a ground level unstaffed station, featuring one side platform. It opened on 16 November 1874, with the current station provided in 2011. It initially closed on 12 September 1993, then reopened on 3 December 2011.

## History

The station closed on 12 September 1993, when The Vinelander service to Mildura was withdrawn and replaced by road coaches. It was reinstated on 3 December 2011, as an additional station on the reopened passenger service to Maryborough.
The station, along with parts of the main street, were famously used in the 1979 film Mad Max, when the bikie crew pick up the Nightrider's coffin.
In 1987, Clunes was abolished as an electric staff station, with the signal box, interlocking and signals abolished. In March 2010, a new 140-metre siding was provided opposite the platform, to stable track machines.
When rail passenger services to Maryborough resumed in July 2010, Clunes station was not reopened, but in June 2010, it was announced that it would be. On 3 December 2011, a ceremony was held to officially reopen the station, and regular services began stopping there the following day.
Prior to the reopening, contractors working on the station removed the original cast iron veranda, which was sent for scrap, outraging local residents and the local council. By mid-2012, a replacement veranda had been rebuilt.
During 2015, the former station building was refurbished, and was leased out for community use in the same year.

## Platforms and services

Clunes has one platform. It is served by V/Line Maryborough line trains.
Platform 1:
* Maryborough line services to Maryborough and Ballarat, one daily service to Southern Cross

## Transport links

V/Line operates road coach services via Clunes station, from Ballarat to Donald and Mildura.

## Gallery

* Southbound view from the station platform prior to the replacement verandah being provided, July 2012
# Landgraviate of Hesse

The Landgraviate of Hesse (German: Landgrafschaft Hessen) was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. It existed as a single entity from 1264 to 1567, when it was divided among the sons of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse.

## History

In the early Middle Ages, the territory of Hessengau, named after the Germanic Chatti tribes, formed the northern part of the German stem duchy of Franconia, along with the adjacent Lahngau. Upon the extinction of the ducal Conradines, these Rhenish Franconian counties were gradually acquired by Landgrave Louis I of Thuringia and his successors.
After the War of the Thuringian Succession upon the death of Landgrave Henry Raspe in 1247, his niece Duchess Sophia of Brabant secured the Hessian possessions for her minor son Henry the Child. In 1264 he became the first Landgrave of Hesse and the founder of the House of Hesse. The remaining Thuringian landgraviate fell to the Wettin's Henry III, Margrave of Meissen. Henry I of Hesse was raised to the status of prince by King Adolf of Germany in 1292.
From 1308 to 1311, and again from 1458, the landgraviate was divided into Upper Hesse and Lower Hesse. Hesse was re-unified under Landgrave William II in 1500. The Landgraviate rose to primary importance under his son Philip I, also called Philip the Magnanimous, who embraced Protestantism following the 1526 Synod of Homberg and then took steps to create a protective alliance of Protestant princes and powers against the Catholic emperor Charles V. When Philip I died in 1567, Hesse was divided between his sons from his first marriage, which decisively enfeebled its importance.
The new Hessian territories were:
* Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel, the Electorate of Hesse from 1803, which was eventually incorporated into the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau in 1866) to William IV;
* Hesse-Marburg (whose line became extinct in 1604, and was then incorporated into Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt) to Louis IV;
* Hesse-Rheinfels (whose line became extinct in 1583, and was then incorporated into Hesse-Kassel) to Philip II;
* the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (known as the Grand Duchy of Hesse from 1806 and the People's State of Hesse from 1918) to George I
The Hessian territories were not re-united until the formation of Greater Hesse (though without Rhenish Hesse) as part of Allied-occupied Germany in 1945.
# Sar Margh-e Sofla

Sar Margh-e Sofla (Persian: سرمرغ سفلي, also Romanized as Sar Margh-e Soflá) is a village in Robat Rural District, in the Central District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 34, in 6 families.
# Kanespi, Beradust

Kanespi (Persian: كانسپي, also Romanized as Kānespī; also known as Āq Bolāgh, Kānesbī, and Kānī Sefīd) is a village in Beradust Rural District, Sumay-ye Beradust District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 102, in 15 families.
# Torkaman, West Azerbaijan

Torkaman (Persian: تركمان) is a village in, and the capital of, Torkaman Rural District of the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 171 in 40 households. The following census in 2011 counted 394 people in 117 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 123 people in 38 households.