OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2nd Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)

The 2nd Mountain Division (German: 2. Gebirgs Division) was a Gebirgsjäger division of the German Army which served in World War II, mainly in the northernmost sector of the Eastern Front, near the Arctic. Formed in 1938, the division was disbanded at the end of the war in 1945.

## Operational history

Following the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in March 1938, the 2nd Mountain Division was formed on 1 April 1938, with personnel of the 6th Division of the Austrian Army. Based at Innsbruck, part of Wehrkreis XVIII, most of its men were from the Salzburg and Tyrol region of Austria.
Commanded by Generalleutnant (Lieutenant General) Valentin Feurstein, it fought as part of Army Group South during the Invasion of Poland and then took part in Operation Weserübung, the Norwegian Campaign in 1940. It carried out a cross country march to rescue the 3rd Mountain Division, which was under siege from British forces during the Battles of Narvik.
The division moved into Lapland as part of Mountain Corps Norway in 1941, to participate in Operation Silberfuchs (Operation Silver Fox), the attack on the Soviet Arctic as part of Operation Barbarossa. It drove for Murmansk but was unsuccessful in the face of strong Soviet defence. It continued to serve in the Arctic region until late 1944, when the Finns negotiated the Moscow Armistice with the Soviet Union. The division had to withdraw to Norway, fighting off Soviet forces as it did so. Back in mainland Europe, its depleted infantry regiments were brought back up to strength.
In 1945, the division was transferred to the Western Front, where it fought in the Saar-Moselle Triangle against US troops. During this period, its commander, Generalleutnant Hans Degen, was wounded and had to be replaced by Generalleutnant Willibald Utz. While earlier in the war it was considered an elite unit, the 2nd Mountain Division was well below strength and combat effectiveness. It finished the war in Württemberg where Utz surrendered it to the Western Allies.

## Commanding officers

The following officers commanded the division:
* Generalleutnant Valentin Feurstein (1 April 1938 – 4 March 1941)
* Generalleutnant Ernst Schlemmer (4 March 1941 – 2 March 1942)
* Generalleutnant Georg Ritter von Hengl (2 March 1942 – 23 October 1943)
* Generalleutnant Hans Degen (1 November 1943 – 6 February 1945)
* Oberst (Colonel) Hans Roschmann (6 February 1945 – 9 February 1945)
* Generalleutnant Willibald Utz (9 February 1945 – German capitulation)
# Delta Lotsman

Delta Lotsman or Delta Pilot (Ukrainian: Державне підприємство "Дельта-лоцман") is a branch of state company "Sea Ports Authority" and regulates vessel traffic in territorial waters of Ukraine and also providing navigation and piloting of marine vessels. The company is based in a capital of the Ukrainian shipbuilding Mykolaiv, Ukraine. It is governed by the Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority.

## Description

The company was chartered in February 1998. The company name consists of two words Delta which means a river mouth and Lotsman which is a pilot boat or a person who operates such boat. Delta Lotsman provides a safe voyage to all ports of Ukraine including through several canals Dnieper-Buh Estuary (BDLC), Kherson Marine Canal (KhMC) and the Deepwater Navigation Course Danube-Black Sea (see Bystroye Canal). The company has a well-developed infrastructure of vessel traffic control (RRS service) that consists of 13 centers and posts of the service, 12 automated radiolocating posts and four radio-technical communication posts.
In 2013 Delta Lotsman was turned into a branch of state company "Sea Ports Administration" which supervises all sea ports.
Delta-Lotsman also has its own specialized fleet of pilot boats including about 20 pilot cutters, few surveying cutters, a multifunctional tug with ice passing abilities and a dredging boat.

## Fleet

Due to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation several ships were taken away by the Russian authorities. Most of those vessels are operated by the Russian company Lotsman-Krym.
* Project 1459 is an inshore pilot boat with power of 440 kW (590 hp). It was created by Leningrad Central Project Design Bureau, an all its ships were built by the Leningrad Shipyard "Pella" (Otradnoye, Russia) in 1977–1992) The cutter has two diesel engines of 3D12 type. These types of pilot boats are very common in the post Soviet countries including the Baltic states. In Ukraine most of these pilot boats owned and operated by the Delta Lotsman, but there are few that serve local sea ports.
** Komsomolets Hutsal (1988)
** LK-115 (1991)
** Lotsman Mazhara (1987)
** LK-121 (1992)
** Morskoi-2 (1978) taken away by Russia
** LK-88 (1989) taken away by Russia
** LK-102 (1989) taken away by Russia
** Almaz (1990) taken away by Russia
* Project 14550 is a modernized version of project 1459. Those are also the same type of pilot boats just a little improved. The vessels were designed and built by the same companies in 1990s after dissolution of the Soviet Union.
** Kapitan Belukha (1995)
* Project 70161 is a Ukrainian type of pilot boats built at Okean Shipyard in Mykolaiv. These pilot boats have power of 716 kW (960 hp). There is only one known type of vessel.
** Lotsman Kokhanov (2001)
# Argos-Mykines

Argos-Mykines (Greek: Άργος-Μυκήνες) is a municipality in the Argolis regional unit, Peloponnese, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the city of Argos. The municipality has an area of 1002.508 km$^2$.
The mayor is Ioannis Maltezos, who won the election for the first time in 2023.

## Municipality

The municipality Argos-Mykines was formed at the 2011 local government reform (known as Kallikratis) by the merger of the following 8 former municipalities, that became municipal units:
* Achladokampos
* Alea
* Argos
* Koutsopodi
* Lerna
* Lyrkeia
* Mykines
* Nea Kios

## Province

The province of Argos (Greek: Επαρχία Άργους) was one of the provinces of Argolis. It had the same territory as the present municipality Argos-Mykines. It was abolished in 2006.
To the west, Argos-Mykines borders to the former municipality of Mantineia, which integrated in 2011 with the municipality of Tripoli further west. To the north are the municipalities of Sikyona, Nemea and Corinth. To the east is the municipality of Nafplio. To the south, it borders with the municipality of North Kynouria.
# Sterling G. Cato

Sterling G. Cato (c. 1807 – October 24, 1867) was an American attorney and jurist who served as an associate judge of the Supreme Court of the Kansas Territory.

## Early life

Cato was born in Alabama. He and his brother, Lewis Llewellen Cato, were both lawyers. Both lived in Eufaula, Alabama, until Sterling Cato moved to Kansas.

## Career

On September 13, 1855, Cato was nominated as a judge of the Supreme Court of the Kansas Territory by President Franklin Pierce, and took office on September 13, 1855. succeeding Judge Rush Elmore. During his time on the court, Cato was known to hold strongly pro-slavery views.
In 1856, Cato issued arrest warrants for John Brown, Sr. and many of his followers for their role in the Pottawatomie massacre.
On October 20, 1857, Cato ordered Governor Robert John Walker to accept the election of many pro-slavery candidates to the Kansas State Legislature; however, because of the election fraud that occurred with non-residents voting in the election, Walker refused to follow the order.
Cato left the court on October 13, 1858; judge Rush Elmore, also his predecessor, became his successor.

## Later life and death

After leaving the court, Cato moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and entered private practice.
Cato died on October 24, 1867, in Liberty, Missouri.
# Walter Jennings (politician)

Walter Baine Jennings (March 16, 1864 – November 1, 1942) was a fisherman and politician in Newfoundland. He represented Twillingate in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1913 to 1924. Jennings was the first member of the Salvation Army to sit in the Newfoundland assembly.

## Biography

The son of Samuel Jennings and Joanna Cull, he was born in Western Head, Notre Dame Bay. Jennings married Isabella W. Holmes in November 1895 and they had three sons. He joined the Fishermen's Protective Union in 1909 and became chairman of the district council. In 1912, Jennings became manager of the Fisherman's Union Trading Company store. He was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1913 and again in 1919. From 1919 to 1923, he was Minister of Public Works, which was not a cabinet post at the time. Jennings did not run for reelection in 1924. He later became manager of the wholesale stamp department of the St. John's post office. Jennings retired to Windsor, Ontario in the late 1920s. He died there on November 1, 1942.
# Harriet Roosevelt Richards

Harriet Roosevelt Richards (June 1867 – 1932) was an American illustrator, best known for her work in children's books and magazines.

## Early life and education

Harriet Roosevelt Richards was born in Hartford, Connecticut, the daughter of Charles Brinckerhoff Richards and Agnes Edwards Goodwin Richards. Both of her parents were born in New York; her father was a mechanical engineer and a professor at Yale University. Her younger sister Marian married historian Charles Cutler Torrey, another Yale professor.
Richards studied art with Frank Weston Benson in Boston and Howard Pyle in Wilmington, and at the Yale School of Fine Arts.

## Career

Richards lived in Wilmington, Delaware from 1905 to 1912. She was a member of the Plastic Club in Philadelphia, and exhibited with the New Haven Paint and Clay Club, and with the Washington Water Color Club.
Richards's illustrations appeared in children's magazines including Wide Awake, St. Nicholas, The Youth's Companion, and Harper's Young People. She illustrated books for young readers, written by authors including Elizabeth Weston Timlow, Anna Chapin Ray, Helen Hunt Jackson, and Louisa May Alcott.

## Books illustrated by Richards

* Susan Coolidge, Rhymes and Ballads for Girls and Boys (1892)
* Barbara Yechton, Two Knights Errant and Other Stories (1894), and A Matter of Honor and Other Stories (1894)
* Elizabeth Weston Timlow, the Cricket books
* Louisa May Alcott, Eight Cousins, Rose in Bloom, and Jack and Jill (1905 edition)
* Jane Pentzer Myers, Stories of Enchantment (1901)
* Alice Ward Bailey, Roberta and Her Brothers (1906)
* Anna Chapin Ray, the Sidney books and the Buddie books
* Helen Hunt Jackson, Nelly's silver mine (1910 edition)
* Della Campbell MacLeod, The Maiden Manifest (1913)
* Anne Warner, Sunshine Jane (1914)
* Kate Langley Bosher, How It Happened (1916)
* Jane Abbott, Keineth (1918), Highacres (1920) Aprilly (1921), and Red-Robin (1922)

## Personal life

Richards died at age 65, in Southwest Harbor, Maine, in 1932.
# Turbaza

A Turbaza (Russian: Турбаза, Ukrainian: Турбаза; also пансионат) is a holiday accommodation, a type of tourist camp or tourist base that arose in the Soviet era and is still common in the post-Soviet countries. Turbazas are commonly leased-out to groups or firms renting the entire facility to provide holiday accommodation for their members or employees. They are generally rustic, located in rural areas that offer outdoor recreation. Dining, and often sleeping, is accommodated in a large, open, common area.
# Arbind Rimal

Arbindanath Rimal (Nepali: अरविन्दनाथ रिमाल) is a Nepalese writer and intellectual.

## Early life

Arbind Rimal hails from a middle-class Brahmin family in Kathmandu. It is believed that Rimal's grandfather was close to Ranas during Rana dynasty.

## Career

Rimal got into contacts with communism during his studies in India. He worked for about five years at the Embassy of the Soviet Union in New Delhi, with the publication of the Nepali-language publication of the embassy Soviet Bhumi. Through his links with the Soviet embassy, he accompanied King Mahendra on his visits to the Soviet Union.
In 1957, Rimal was elected to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Nepal at the second party congress. He later renounced his communist ideals and broke with the party.

## Works

Rimal has written नेपाल थर्काइदिने १९ दिन ('19 days that shook Nepal'), an account of the events leading up to the 2006 Loktantra Andolan, and १९९७ देखि २०१७ साल ('From 1997 to 2017').
# Village development committee (Nepal)

A village development committee (Nepali: गाउँ विकास समिति; gāum̐ vikās samiti) in Nepal was the lower administrative part of its Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development. Each district had several VDCs, similar to municipalities but with greater public-government interaction and administration. There were 3,157 village development committees in Nepal. Each village development committee was further divided into several wards (Nepali: वडा) depending on the population of the district, the average being nine wards.

## Purpose

The purpose of village development committees is to organise the village people structurally at a local level and creating a partnership between the community and the public sector for improved service delivery system. A village development committee has the status of an autonomous institution and the authority to interact with the more centralised institutions of governance in Nepal. In doing so, the village development committee gives the village people an element of control and responsibility in development, and also ensures proper utilization, distribution of state funds and a greater interaction between government officials, NGOs and agencies. The village development committees within a given area discuss education, water supply, basic health, sanitation and income and also monitor and record progress which is displayed in census data.

## Organization

In a village development committee, there was one elected chief, usually elected with an over 80% majority. A chief was elected from each ward. With these, there were four members elected or nominated. To keep data and records, and to manage administrative work, there was one village secretary. The position was a permanent appointment by the government, from whom they received a salary. The ward members, ward chief, and VDC chiefs were not paid a salary, but they obtained money according to their presence. VDCs were guided by the district development committee, headquarters, and the chief of DDC was a local development officer (LDO). Population and housing details of VDCs in Nepal were provided by the National Population and Housing Census, in 1991, 2001 and 2011.

## Dissolution

The village development committee structure was dissolved on 10 March 2017 to be replaced by gaunpalika. Previously, the Panchayat was dissolved and turned into village development committees by the constitution of Nepal in 1990.

### Wards and electoral divisions of Nepal

Previous village development committees were either merged with existing municipalities or combined to create a new rural council. Most village development committees were turned into wards of new or existing municipalities without any changes, some were split and created two wards, and others were split in many pieces and merged into other village development committees to create new wards in different municipalities.
# Thung Khru district

Thung Khru (Thai: ทุ่งครุ, pronounced) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. The district is bounded by (clockwise from north) Rat Burana District of Bangkok, Amphoe Phra Pradaeng and Amphoe Phra Samut Chedi of Samut Prakan province, Bang Khun Thian and Chom Thong of Bangkok.
Khet Thung Khru is a second-order administrative division. The district was established as Rat Burana. It became Khet Thung Khru in 1998. It was then moved back to Thonburi Province until Thonburi and Bangkok were merged. Thung Khru means 'the plain in the larger area'. "Thung" is a Thai word which means 'flat land' while "khru" has several meanings. It is thought that khru here stands for a kind of utensil woven and coated for water transport, hence an indication that the area was once famous for the handicraft. Thung Khru has two sub-districts (khwaeng), Bang Mot and Thung Khru. Although Buddhist temples in Thung Khru are not remarkable, with the possible exceptions of Wat Thung Khru, Wat Phutthabucha and Wat Bang Mot. Places of worship representing other religions are well represented.
Neighboring districts are (from the west clockwise) Thung Khru, Rat Burana, Yan Nawa, Khlong Toei, Phra Khanong, and Bang Na (all Bangkok), and the districts Mueang Samut Prakan and Phra Samut Chedi of Samut Prakan. It is at a large bend of the Chao Phraya River.
The Bang Mot tangerine is grown in the area.

## Administration

The district is divided into two sub-districts (khwaeng).
| No. | Name | Thai | Area (km$^2$) |
| 1. | Bang Mot | บางมด | 12.765 |
| 2. | Thung Khru | ทุ่งครุ | 17.976 |
| Total | Total | Total | 30.741 |

## Places

* King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT);
* Thonburirom Park;
* Thung kru Plaza;
* Islamic College Thailand;
* 72nd Anniversary Stadium (Bang Mod);
* Naluang School.
# Harku

Harku (German: Hark) is a small borough (Estonian: alevik) in Harku Parish, Harju County, northern Estonia. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 868, of which the Estonians were 539 (62.1%).
Harku was first mentioned probably in 1242 as Harkua.
The only women's prison in Estonia Harku Prison is located in Harku. Politician Edgar Savisaar (1950–2022) was born in the prison.

## Harku manor

Harku manor (German: Hark) was founded in 1372 by the Teutonic Order. In 1583 it became a private property and was subsequently owned by several Baltic German families from the Baltic nobility. Following the Estonian Declaration of Independence, it was taken over by the state and used as a youth prison until the outbreak of World War II. Following the war the main building befell what is today known as the Estonian Agricultural University.
The main building that we see today dates from the 18th century and has been rebuilt several times. It received its present external look during a reconstruction in 1875.
The Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia during the Great Northern War was negotiated in the manor (1710).
# Oinousses

Oinousses (Greek: Οινούσσες, alternative forms: Aignousa (Αιγνούσα) or Egnousa (Εγνούσα)) is a barren cluster of 1 larger and 8 smaller islands some 2 kilometres (1 mile) off the north-east coast of the Greek island of Chios and 8 km (5 miles) west of Turkey. Administratively the islands form a municipality within the Chios regional unit, which is part of the North Aegean region. The principal town of the islands and seat of the municipality is also called Oinousses. Oinousses has a small resident population, living primarily in the island's town of Oinousses, and a recently built monastery. The town is centred on a square and a small port; it includes a school, several churches, a Naval high school and a maritime museum. The only other populated settlements are Kástron and Aspalathrókampos.

## Employment

The vast majority of the workforce of the island is engaged in seafaring, fishing and goat-herding.
The islands are noted as the origin of an unusual cluster of successful ship-owning families: the Lemos, Pateras, Hadjipateras, Samonas,Kollakis and Lyras families. Whilst most of the families now live elsewhere most of the year, the islands and town are well maintained with a strong naval connection. Oinoussians abroad are noted for their successful entrepreneurial skills in the industrial transportation industry. Although the number of Oinoussian ship operating companies has fallen since their heyday in the 1960s, they still maintain a formidable position in the industrial transportation industry.

## The islands of the complex

The Oinousses Complex comprises the below islands. The largest is Oinousses or Egnoussa (14.3 km$^2$), the second-largest is the islet Pasas or Panagia (2.5 km$^2$) and the third-largest is the islet of Vatos. The municipality has an area of 17.427 km$^2$.
* Oinousses or Egnoussa (Οινούσσες)
* Agios Panteleimon (Άγιος Παντελεήμων)
* Archontoniso (Αρχοντόνησο)
* Gadros (Γάδρος)
* Gaidouronisos (Γαϊδουρόνησος)
* Mallaropetra (Μαλλιαρόπετρα)
* Monaftis (Μονάφτης)
* Nisi Panagias (Νησί Παναγιάς)
* Nisi Pittas (Νησί Πίττας)
* Papapondikadiko (Παπαποντικάδικο)
* Pasas or Panagia (Πασάς)
* Pateroniso (Πατερόνησο)
* Pontikonisi (Ποντικονήσι)
* Prassonisia (Πρασονήσια)
* Santa Panagia (Σάντα Παναγιά)
* Vatos (Βάτος)

## Historical population

| Year | Population |
| 1981 | 705 |
| 1991 | 636 |
| 2001 | 1,050 |
| 2011 | 826 |
| 2021 | 911 |
# Magiera

Magiera is a surname. Notable people with it include:
* Christopher Magiera (born 1983), American opera singer
* Jacek Magiera (born 1977), Polish footballer
* Jan Magiera (1938–2022), Polish cyclist
* Joseph Magiera (1939–2024), French footballer
* Katharina Magiera, German opera singer
* Mariusz Magiera (born 1984), Polish footballer
# Bad Teinach-Zavelstein

Bad Teinach-Zavelstein is a town in the district of Calw, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## History

The township of Bad Teinach-Zavelstein was formed on 1 January 1975 by the merging of Bad Teinach, Zavelstein, and the towns of Emberg, Rötenbach, Schmieh, and Sommenhardt.

## Geography

The township (Stadt) of Bad Teinach-Zavelstein is located at the center of the district of Calw, in Baden-Württemberg, one of the 16 States of the Federal Republic of Germany. Bad Teinach-Zavelstein's municipal area rests upon the plateau of the Enz and Nagold rivers, a landscape defined by severe river erosion, in the greater Black Forest region. Elevation above sea level in the municipal area ranges from a high of 747 meters (2,451 ft) Normalnull (NN) to a low of 337 meters (1,106 ft) NN.
A portion of the Federally protected Zavelstein crocus meadows [de] nature reserve is located in Bad Teinach-Zavelstein's municipal area.

## Politics

Bad Teinach-Zavelstein has six boroughs, Bad Teinach, Emberg, Rötenbach, Schmieh, Sommenhardt, and Zavelstein, and five villages, Kentheim, Kollwanger Sägmühle, Lützenhardt, Teinachtal, Wilhelmshöhe.

### Coat of arms

Bad Teinach-Zavelstein's municipal coat of arms is divided party per fess into an upper field of yellow with three black stag antlers [de], and a lower field of five yellow and red squares in a checkerboard pattern. The checkboard pattern is an archaic reference to the name Zavelstein using the word zabel, and the stag antlers are taken from the Coat of arms of Württemberg. This coat of arms was awarded by the Calw district office to Bad Teinach-Zavelstein with an accompanying municipal flag on 13 February 1981.

## Transportation

Bad Teinach-Zavelstein is connected to Germany's network of roadways by the Bundesstraße 463 [de] and to its rail system by the Nagold Valley Railway. Local public transportation is provided by the Verkehrsgesellschaft Bäderkreis Calw [de].
# Bankra Union

Bankra Union (Bengali: বাঁকড়া ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of the Jessore District in the Division of Khulna, Bangladesh.