OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vivien Saad

Vivien Saad (born 23 June 1992) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Gold Coast in the AFL Women's (AFLW). She previously played for North Melbourne.

## AFLW career

Saad was recruited by North Melbourne in January 2020 as a replacement for Jess Duffin who missed the 2020 season through pregnancy. She made her debut against Melbourne at Casey Fields in the opening round of the 2020 season.
Saad was traded to the Gold Coast alongside pick 30 in exchange for pick 19 in the late stages of the 2021 trade period, on 9 June 2021.
# Kathrin Altwegg

Kathrin Altwegg is an astrophysicist, who is an Associate Professor in the Department of Space Research and Planetology, and former director of the Center for Space and Habitability (CSH) at the University of Bern. She is a member of the International Astronomical Union.

## Early life

Kathrin Altwegg was born on 11 December 1951 in Balsthal. Between 1957 and 1970, she completed her primary education in Balsthal and passed the High school diploma in Switzerland at the lycée in Solothurn.

## Education and research career

In 1975, she graduated studying physics at University of Basel, where she was the only woman in her year. In 1980, she obtained her doctorate in experimental physics from the University of Basel and proceeded to undertake post-doctoral research in the physics-chemistry department of the University of Technology, Design and Architecture, in New York.
In 1982, she returned to Switzerland, where she gained a position at the University of Bern, in the space exploration and planetology department. In 1996, she passed her university accreditation in the field of solar system physics and became project manager of the project -2001.html ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) concerning the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Since 2001, she has been a full professor and researcher, with the title of associate professor, at the department of space research and planetology at the University of Bern.

## Prizes and awards

In 2015, she received the prize of the Commerce and Industry association of Bern 2015 for her mission in the Rosetta project but also for her commitment to young people.
# Marc Oliver Rieger

Marc Oliver Rieger (born September 22, 1974) is a German mathematician and finance professor. His research covers the areas of behavioural finance, decision and game theory, financial derivatives, and calculus of variation.
Together with Thorsten Hens and Mei Wang, he was one of the authors of the INTRA survey (International Test on Risk Attitudes) that collected risk and time preferences in 53 countries worldwide leading to various follow-up studies by other researchers and practitioners and media coverage by leading newspapers in Germany and elsewhere.

## Biography

Rieger is Professor of Banking and Finance at the University of Trier, Germany, since 2010, and Director of the Confucius Institute of the University of Trier since 2018. In 2018, he was also adjunct professor at National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan and in 2019 guest professor at the University of Zurich. Since 2019, he is core member of the research group "Quantitative Finance and Risk Analysis", and project leader of the research cluster "Globalization and Re-Nationalization," both financed by the research initiative of the state of Rheinland-Pfalz.
Rieger studied mathematics at University of Konstanz from 1993 to 1998, and obtained a PhD at Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, in 2001, under the supervision of Stefan Müller. He worked as research scholar and postdoc at Carnegie Mellon University, Scuola Normale Superiore, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich.

## Selected publications
### INTRA survey

* Wolfgang Breuer, Marc Oliver Rieger, & K. Can Soypak (2014) The behavioral foundations of corporate dividend policy a cross-country analysis. Journal of Banking and Finance, 42, 247-265
* Marc Oliver Rieger, Mei Wang, & Thorsten Hens (2015) Risk preferences around the world. Management Science, 61(3), 637-648
* Mei Wang, Marc O. Rieger, & Thorsten Hens (2016) How time preferences differ: Evidence from 53 countries. Journal of Economic Psychology, 52, 115-135
* Marc Oliver Rieger, Mei Wang, & Thorsten Hens (2016) Estimating cumulative prospect theory parameters from an international survey. Theory and Decision, 17, 1-30.

### Books

* Financial Economics: A concise Introduction to Classical and Behavioural Finance by Thorsten Hens and Marc O Rieger, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Deutschland, 2nd edition (2016). ISBN 978-3-662-49688-6
* Cultural Finance by Thorsten Hens, Marc Oliver Rieger, and Mei Wang, World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-121-976-4

### Other topics

* Marc Oliver Rieger & Mei Wang (2006) Cumulative Prospect Theory and the St. Petersburg Paradox. Economic Theory, 28, 665-679
* Marc Oliver Rieger, Enrico De Giorgi, & Thorsten Hens (2010) Financial Market Equilibria with Cumulative Prospect Theory, Journal of Mathematical Economics, 46(5), 633-651
* Marc Oliver Rieger (2011) Co-monotonicity of optimal investments and the design of structural financial products, Finance and Stochastics, 15(1), 27-55
* Marc Oliver Rieger (2014) Evolutionary stability of prospect theory preferences, Journal of Mathematical Economics, 50, 1-11.
# Sarwan Ali Palijo

Sarwan Ali Palijo is a Pakistani actor who works in television and films. He is known for his role as Sameer in Chhalawa.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Note |
| 2018 | 3 Bahadur: Rise of the Warriors | Kamil bhai | |
| 2019 | Chhalawa | Sameer | Film debut |
| 2022 | Peechay Tou Dekho | | |
# Nucleotide sugar

Nucleotide sugars are the activated forms of monosaccharides. Nucleotide sugars act as glycosyl donors in glycosylation reactions. Those reactions are catalyzed by a group of enzymes called glycosyltransferases.

## History

The anabolism of oligosaccharides - and, hence, the role of nucleotide sugars - was not clear until the 1950s when Leloir and his coworkers found that the key enzymes in this process are the glycosyltransferases. These enzymes transfer a glycosyl group from a sugar nucleotide to an acceptor.

## Biological importance and energetics

To act as glycosyl donors, those monosaccharides should exist in a highly energetic form. This occurs as a result of a reaction between nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) and glycosyl monophosphate (phosphate at anomeric carbon). The recent discovery of the reversibility of many glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions calls into question the designation of sugar nucleotides as 'activated' donors.

## Types

There are nine sugar nucleotides in humans which act as glycosyl donors and they can be classified depending on the type of the nucleoside forming them:
* Uridine Diphosphate: UDP-α-D-Glc, UDP-α-D-Gal, UDP-α-D-GalNAc, UDP-α-D-GlcNAc, UDP-α-D-GlcA, UDP-α-D-Xyl
* Guanosine Diphosphate: GDP-α-D-Man, GDP-β-L-Fuc.
* Cytidine Monophosphate: CMP-β-D-Neu5Ac; in humans, it is the only nucleotide sugar in the form of nucleotide monophosphate.
* Cytidine Diphosphate: CDP-D-Ribitol (i.e. CMP-[ribitol phosphate]); though not a sugar, the phosphorylated sugar alcohol ribitol phosphate is incorporated into matriglycan as if it were a monosaccharide.
In other forms of life many other sugars are used and various donors are utilized for them. All five of the common nucleosides are used as a base for a nucleotide sugar donor somewhere in nature. As examples, CDP-glucose and TDP-glucose give rise to various other forms of CDP and TDP-sugar donor nucleotides.

## Structures

Listed below are the structures of some nucleotide sugars (one example from each type).
| UDP-Gal | CMP-Neu5Ac | GDP-Man |

## Relationship to disease

Normal metabolism of nucleotide sugars is very important. Any malfunction in any contributing enzyme will lead to a certain disease for example:
* Inclusion body myopathy: is a congenital disease resulted from altered function of UDP-GlcNAc epimerase .
* Macular corneal dystrophy: is a congenital disease resulted from malfunction of GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferase.
* Congenital disorder in α-1,3 mannosyl transferase will result in a variety of clinical symptoms, e.g. hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, liver fibrosis and various feeding problems.

## Relationship to drug discovery

The development of chemoenzymatic strategies to generate large libraries of non-native sugar nucleotides has enabled a process referred to as glycorandomization where these sugar nucleotide libraries serve as donors for permissive glycosyltransferases to afford differential glycosylation of a wide range of pharmaceuticals and complex natural product-based leads.
# Malik Ghulam Nabi

Malik Ghulam Nabi (1909-2009) was a Pakistani politician who served as the Punjab Minister for Education in 1970 and 1977. He was also the member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab in 1970 and 1977.
He belonged to a AWAN tribe and uses Malik as title like many other awans in kpk and punjab.
# Giorgos Kalafatis

Giorgos Kalafatis (Greek: Γιώργος Καλαφάτης; 17 March 1890 – 19 February 1964) was a Greek football pioneer, player, coach, track and field athlete and the founder of Panathinaikos Athens multi-sports club.

## Sports career

Being a big athletic talent, he distinguished himself in track and field sports. But football was his big passion. He played for Ethnikos G.S. Athens and when his later club Panellinios decided to discontinue its football team, Kalafatis together with 40 other athletes broke away and established in February 1908 the first team of Panathinaikos, named Podosfairikos Omilos Athinon (Football Club of Athens). Kalafatis appointed the Englishman John Cyril Campbell as coach for the new team. It was the first time that a foreigner was appointed as the coach of a Greek team.
Apart from Giorgos Kalafatis, other establishing members of POA were: his brother Alexandros, who was the first president, Emmanouel Chrysis, Dimitris Doukakis, Periklis Mpoumpoulis, Vasileios Granitsas, Mantzakos, Papageorgiou, Gaetas, Demertzis, Stavropoulos, Paschos, Misakian, Reppas, Sapounias and Garoufalias.
In 1919, he was a member of the Greece national team for the Inter-Allied Games in Paris. In Paris, Kalafatis collected information about basketball and volleyball (sports unknown then in Greece) and after his return to Athens, started his efforts on creating new teams with Panathinaikos. He was a player/manager in the Greece national team for the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp. His older brother, Alexandros, was selected for the unofficial Greece national team that played in the 1906 Summer Olympics in Athens, starting in both games which ended in 1–5 and 0–9 losses.
Kalafatis played football until the early 1920s. After he retired, he remained in Panathinaikos as an official.

## Personal life

He was born in Exarcheia, Athens, which was a few hundred meters away from Leoforos Alexandras Stadium. The family of Kalafatis was from Dilinata, a village in the island of Cephalonia. While being an athlete, he graduated also from the Health Department of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He pursued a career in the Hellenic Navy, taking part in the Balkan Wars and in World War I and reaching up to the rank of rear admiral.
He died on 19 February 1964.
# Shelley baronets

There have been three baronetcies created for members of the Shelley family, one in the Baronetage of England and two in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. The three recipients of the titles represented two different branches of the family with a common ancestor in John Shelley of Michelgrove (died 1526). Although he never held any title, the most famous member of the family is the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.
* Shelley baronets of Michelgrove (1611)
* Shelley baronets of Castle Goring (1806)
* Shelley-Sidney (later Sidney) baronets, of Penshurst Place (1818): see Viscount De L'Isle
# Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire

The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire is a trade guild of metalworkers based in Sheffield, England. It was incorporated in 1624 by an act of Parliament. The head is called the Master Cutler. Its motto is French: Pour Y Parvenir a Bonne Foi, lit. 'To Succeed through Honest Endeavour'.
In the original act of Parliament, the Cutlers' Company's Act 1623 (21 Jas. 1. c. 31), the company was given jurisdiction over:
This was expanded to include other trades by later acts, most notably steelmakers in 1860. In the same year the Company was given the right to veto any proposed name of a limited company anywhere in the United Kingdom which contains the word "Sheffield". It also supplies marks to approved cutlers and promotes Sheffield steelware.
The company has been based at Cutlers' Hall (opposite the cathedral on Church Street) since 1638. The current hall is the third to have been built on the site. The second was built in 1725 and the third in 1832. It was extended in 1867 and 1888. It was listed a Grade II* listed building in 1973. It is used for formal functions and award ceremonies for local businesses.
Members of the company are called freemen and currently number 447. The Master Cutler is elected each year from the freemen within the company. He or she also has two wardens, six searchers and 24 assistants. The company also employs a clerk for administration and a beadle to perform ceremonial duties. Since 1625, the Company has held an annual feast, inviting prominent people in order to showcase Sheffield's industry.
The Master Cutler for 2011–12 was Pamela Liversidge, the first woman to hold this position.
The Master Cutler for October 2017–2018 (the 379th) was Ken Cooke.

## Legislation

* Cutlers' Company's Act 1623 (21 Jas. 1. c. 31)
* Cutlers' Company's Act 1791 (31 Geo. 3. c. 58)
* Cutlers' Company's Act 1801 (41 Geo. 3. c. xcvii)
* Cutlers' Company's Act 1814 (54 Geo. 3. c. cxix)
* Cutlers' Company's Act 1860 (23 & 24 Vict. c. xliii)
# Karahacı, Şabanözü

Karahacı is a Turk-Alevi village in the Şabanözü District of Çankırı Province. Its population is 154 (2021). Among the nomadic communities in Anatolia, there are the Karahacı, Karahacılar, Karahacılı and Karahacılu tribes, which are the Avşar clan of the Oghuzs. These tribes were dispersed to different parts of Anatolia by the Ottoman Empire, including the Sanjak of Çankırı.
Karahacı Village was founded in the 16th century by the great grandfathers of the Caferoğlu family, a member of the Karahacılı tribe of Avşars who came to Çankırı from Kahramanmaraş, and it grew over time.
# Habdzin

Habdzin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Konstancin-Jeziorna, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# 11 October 1941 Memorial Museum

The 11 October 1941 Memorial Museum (Macedonian: Меморијален музеј „11 Октомври“) is a museum in Prilep, North Macedonia, which commemorates the Day of the Macedonian Uprising. It is housed in the building upon which the Macedonian Partisans, of the Prilep detachment, made their first attack as part of World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia, also known as the National Liberation War of Macedonia. The building was in use at this time as a Bulgarian police station.
Built in the early 20th century, the building is located in the Prilep city center and is listed as an Object of Cultural Heritage by the Ministry of Culture. While its original purpose is unknown, it served as a high school and a wine cellar prior to World War II. Its use as a museum dedicated to the fight against fascism started on 1 May 1952 during the Yugoslav era, with its first major expansion occurring in 1961. The museum contains various documents, sketches, maps, weapons and other artefacts on the subject.
The building was renovated from April to October 2011 with funds from the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Macedonia and Prilep Municipality, with a re-opening event occurring on and around 11 October to commemorate 70 years since the uprising. The then-Minister of Culture Elizabeta Kančeska-Milevska and then-Mayor of Prilep Municipality Marjan Risteski lead the festivities, including the unveiling of a monument of Kuzman Josifovski Pitu.
# Sara Gavabar

Sara Gavabar (Persian: سراگوابر, also Romanized as Sarā Gavābar) is a village in Siahkalrud Rural District, Chaboksar District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 19 families.
# Doblička Gora

Doblička Gora (pronounced; German: Döblitschberg) is a settlement north of Dobliče in the Municipality of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
The local church is dedicated to Saint Vitus (Slovene: sveti Vid) and belongs to the Parish of Črnomelj. It was built in 1824 to replace a 17th-century building.
# Vanuatu Football Federation

The Vanuatu Football Federation (VFF) is the main governing body of all football in Vanuatu. It is an association of Vanuatu football clubs, and it organises national competitions and international matches for the Vanuatu National Football Team. The men's national team is ranked 165th in the FIFA World Rankings (Men). The men's national team was invited to compete in The Hero Intercontinental Cup 2023 and competes in major tournaments like FIFA World Cup Qualifiers (Oceania) and OFC Nations Cup.
The VFF was founded in 1934. It has been affiliated with FIFA since 1988 and is also a member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC). The Federation was invited to compete in the 2023 Intercontinental Cup by AIFF. It competes in other events such as - FIFA World Cup Qualifiers and OFC Nations Cup. The men's national team of Vanuatu has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup and the women's national team has never qualified for the FIFA Women's World Cup in the history of VFF.

## Staff of Vanuatu Football

| Position | Name |
| President | Lambert Maltock |
| Senior Vice President | Iau TUAN |
| Second Vice President | Sakias BOE |
| Chief Executive Officer | Albert MANAROTO |
| Technical Director | Peter TAKARO |
| Competitions Manager | Bong Shem |
| Referee Development Officer | Nase CARLO |
| Administration Support Officer | Shamina MOLI |
| Media & Public Relations Officer | Moses Stevens |
| President Torba Football Association | Roy SMITH |
| President Penama Football Association | Thomas TAU |
| President Malampa Football Association | Lambert MALTOCK |
| President Tafea Football Association | Iau Tuan |
| President Shefa Football Association | Lencie Fred |
| President Luganville Football Association | Sakias Boe |
| President Sanma Football Association | John Kaot Pore |
# Vyaznikovsky District

Vyaznikovsky District (Russian: Вя́зниковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,252 square kilometers (870 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Vyazniki. Population: 71,015 (2021 Census); 80,987 (2010 Census); 50,692 (2002 Census); 60,262 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Vyazniki accounts for 51.0% of the district's total population.
# James K. M. Cheng

James K. M. Cheng (Chinese: 鄭景明) is a Canadian architect best known for his condominium towers in Vancouver, British Columbia. Cheng's designs, most notably the highrise towers, are noted for their extensive use of glass and for their contribution to the architectural style known as Vancouverism.

## Life and work

Cheng was born in Hong Kong and educated at the University of Washington (B.Arch., 1970) and Harvard (M.Arch.) where he studied under Richard Meier. In Canada he then apprenticed under Arthur Erickson. He formed his own firm, James K.M. Cheng Architects Inc., in 1978 when he won the commission for the Chinese Cultural Centre in Vancouver. Beginning in the 1990s Vancouver saw an unprecedented real estate boom that led to the construction of dozens of condo towers in the city. Cheng has become the leading residential tower designer of this period. UBC professor Dina Krunic has commented that "concrete construction and green glass façade, for which Vancouver is internationally known, are James Cheng's legacy." In 2012 Cheng was awarded the Order of Canada.
While most of his projects are residential and in Vancouver, Cheng has other credits:
* Living Shangri-La previously the tallest building in Metro Vancouver, an upscale hotel and condominium building
* King George Tower - designed proposed tower that if completed would be one of the tallest buildings in Canada
* Fairmont Pacific Rim- an upscale hotel and condominium building
* Shangri-La Toronto - mixed used hotel, condo tower in Toronto and second building built by Cheng outside BC
* Lincoln Square in Bellevue, Washington and first building built by Cheng outside BC
* Shaw Tower - mix residential-commercial office tower
* Parc Residences in Victoria, BC - residential mid-rise
* Willow Court in Vancouver, BC - residential townhouses - In 1983, Willow Court won Cheng the Governor General's Medal for Architecture
* The Falls in Victoria, BC - residential mid-rise with retail base
* Terminal City Club Tower - mixed used hotel, condo and office tower
* Waiea Tower in Ward Village - 36-floor residential tower in Honolulu, Hawaii.
# Otter River (Northwest Branch Saint John River tributary)

The Otter River (French: Rivière à la Loutre) is a tributary of the Northwest Branch Saint John River, flowing in Quebec (Canada) and in Maine (United States). This river crosses the following administrative territories:
* Les Etchemins Regional County Municipality in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in South of Quebec, in Canada, crossing through the municipalities of Saint-Fabien-de-Panet, Quebec, Lac-Frontière, Quebec and Saint-Just-de-Bretenières, Quebec;
* Aroostook County (Maine), in United States: Township 11 Range 17 WELS.
The "Otter River" mostly flows Southeast into forest areas, in a small valley and crosses the Canada-US border.

## Geography

The "Otter Otter" rises between two mountains. This source is located at 4.3 kilometres (2.7 mi) Northeast from the village of Saint-Fabien-de-Panet, Quebec.
The "Otter River" flows over on 14.9 kilometres (9.3 mi) as is:
* 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) to the Southeast, to the road of Rang Saint-Jean-Baptiste;
* 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi) to the Southwest, collecting the waters of the Lejeune creek (from the Southwest) up to the boundary of the municipality of Lac-Frontiere, Quebec;
* 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) to the Southeast in the municipality of Lac-Frontiere, Quebec, up to the Wild creek (from the Southwest);
* 0.4 kilometres (0.25 mi) to the West of the route 204
* 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) to the South, curving on 0.6 kilometres (0.37 mi) in Saint-Just-de-Bretenières, Quebec up to the "stream of Lady Proulx";
* 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi) to the East, up to the Canada-US border;
* 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) to the Southeast in the Maine, up to the confluence of the river
The "River Otter" pours on the West bank of the Northwest Branch Saint John River. This confluence is located at:
* 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) upstream of the confluence of the Daaquam River;
* 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) downstream from the mouth of the Frontier Lake (Quebec-Maine).
From the confluence of "Otter River", the Northwest Branch Saint John River flows Southeast up to Saint John River (Bay of Fundy). It flows to the East and the Northeast, crossing the Maine, then East and Southeast through the New Brunswick. Finally, the current flows on the North bank of the Bay of Fundy which opens to the southwest on the Atlantic Ocean.

## Toponymy

The place name "Otter River" was formalized December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec (Quebec Places Names Board).