OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mirwart Castle

Mirwart Castle (French: Château de Mirwart) is situated in Mirwart in Saint-Hubert, in the province of Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium.
The castle is built on a rock rising above the "Vallée de la Lomme" (the Valley of the Lomme). The oldest parts of the castle date back to the 11th century. It was a stronghold belonging to the duchy of Lorraine. The lords of Mirwart had many bloody conflicts with other feudal lords of the region, such as the lords of Bouillon and Orchimont.
The lords of Mirwart came into conflict with the monks of the powerful Saint-Hubert Abbey, supported by the Prince-Bishop of Liège, who wanted to extend his power in this region to the disadvantage of the Dukes of Lorraine.
The castle was reinforced, sometime between 1077 and 1082, by Henry of Verdun, bishop of Liege. Following complaints from the abbey of Saint-Hubert, the castle was to be destroyed. This act, however, was not approved by the bishop. In 1099, after regaining control over the fief, Bishop Otbert ordered the reconstruction of the castle, which he granted to Bavon de Waha (also known as Bovo de Duras).
In 1293, against the bishop's wishes, the castle and its estates was acquired by Jean d'Avesnes. This resulted in a conflict between the Prince-Bishop of Liège and his new vassal, who sought support from the Counts of Hainaut, Luxembourg, Namur and Loon, and even from the Dukes of Brabant. Control of the castle changed regularly until it was finally held by Prince-Bishop Adolph II of the Marck.
During the numerous conflicts between Spain, Austria and France in the 17th and 18th centuries, the castle was damaged several times. It was only at the beginning of the 18th century that a long undisturbed period began when extensive renovations and embellishments could be undertaken. During this process the castle gradually lost its strongly fortified character.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the castle was acquired by Aimé-Gabriel d'Artigues, the founder of the famous "Cristallerie de Vonêche", or Vonêche glassworks. Successive proprietors—the families Van der Linden d'Hoogvorst, d'Arrigade and von der Becke—further embellished the castle and turned it into a beautiful country residence. In the middle of the 19th century it was renovated by Alphonse Balat, architect to King Leopold II of Belgium.
After World War II the castle was acquired by the province of Luxembourg. The building was renovated but the province failed to find a use for it. As a result, little by little, the castle was neglected and was subsequently looted by burglars who removed valuable furniture and decorative fittings from the interior.
# Brian Waugh

Brian Kynaston Waugh (1922–1984) was a notable New Zealand aircraft engineer, military and commercial aviator, airline operator, meteorologist. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England in 1922.

## Early years

Brian Kynaston Waugh was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, on 26 September 1922. He was the second of two sons of Helen Elizabeth Caudle and her husband, Walter Waugh, an electrical engineer. He developed an early fascination with aviation after his father became a foreman on the construction of an RAF station in Shropshire.

## Second World War

In August 1938, he joined the RAF’s aircraft apprentice training scheme, and in 1941 he was posted to South Africa. While there, he transferred to pilot training, gaining his wings on 24 September 1943. In the latter part of the war, he served with No.75 (NZ) Squadron on Avro Lancasters. Night raids to Germany included Bremen, the Leuna Oil Refinery at Merseburg, the Howaldt Works, and the inner dockyard at Kiel where the German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer was capsized. Continuing Lancaster flying, he dropped food to the starving Dutch at The Hague in Operation Manna, ferried Belgian refugees home, repatriated Allied Prisoners of War, and flew long scenic (Baedeker) flights over Germany, Belgium and Denmark. At the end of hostilities, Waugh continued in RAF service with transport squadrons in England, Europe, and in South East Asia, based in Singapore. He left the RAF after 10 years’ service in 1948.

## Post-war Flying

He gained his civil pilot licence, instrument rating and engineering licence in categories A (airframes), C (engines) and X (compasses), including type ratings for de Havilland DH89 Rapide aircraft and their Gipsy engines. He then flew for post-war small British airlines. In 1954, Waugh immigrated to New Zealand to fly DH89s for South Island Airways on pioneering scheduled routes. After service with Trans Island Airways, he was appointed in 1959 Chief Pilot and Chief Engineer for West Coast Airways at Hokitika, flying the historic South Westland Air Service, New Zealand’s first licensed scheduled air service. He became well-known on the West Coast with air ambulance work, particularly before the Haast highways was opened in 1965. On 15 April 1967, he was seriously injured in the forced landing of DH89 ZK-AKT in Queenstown’s Shotover River, due to engine failure. He subsequently retired from flying and served in the Meteorological Department at Hokitika and Gisborne. In the 1980s he wrote his aviation autobiography which was published in 1991: ‘Turbulent Years – A Commercial Pilots’ Story’. The book gives his insights into New Zealand provincial flying in the 1950s and 1960s.
# Vladimirovka, Sterlitamaksky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Vladimirovka (Russian: Владимировка) is a rural locality (a village) in Pervomaysky Selsoviet, Sterlitamaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 40 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Vladimirovka is located 41 km northwest of Sterlitamak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Begenyash is the nearest rural locality.
# The Story of a Mother (1979 film)

The Story of a Mother (Danish: Historien om en moder) is a 1979 Danish drama film directed by Claus Weeke and starring Anna Karina. It is an adaptation of the Hans Christian Andersen short story of the same name.

## Cast

* Anna Karina as Christine Olsen
* Gustaf Hagström as Barnet
* Daniel Duval as Døden
* Tove Maës as Lærerinden
* Bodil Udsen as Portnerkonen
* Finn Nielsen as Afdelingslederen
* Benny Hansen as Købmanden
* Judy Gringer as Christines kollega
* Sanne Salomonsen as Christines kollega
* Rita Angela as Christines kollega
* Jørn Faurschou as Agitator
* Gertie Jung as Kvinde, der kysser agitatoren
# F.C. Tzeirei Tamra

F.C. Tzeirei Tamra (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל צעירי טמרה, Arabic: شباب طمرة) is an Israeli football club based in Tamra. The club was established in 2013, as a successor club, to Hapoel Bnei Tamra, which was dissolved in 2010.

## History

The club was founded in the 2013 and joined Liga Gimel for the 2013–14 season and was placed in the Lower Galilee division. The club finished fifth in its first season and third in its second season.
In 2014–15 the club won the Lower Galilee division State Cup and progressed to the sixth round, where they were beaten by Maccabi Daliyat al Karmel. The club won the division cup the following season, as all other clubs in its division withdrew from the competition, and once again was beaten in the sixth round, this time by Hapoel Kafr Kanna.

## Honours
### Cups

| Honour | No. | Years |
| Liga Gimel Lower Galilee Division Cup | 2 | 2014–15, 2015–16 |
# Aspers

Aspers may refer to:
* Aspers, Pennsylvania
* Aspers, plural of asper, English name of the Byzantine aspron coin
* Aspers, plural of asper, English name of the Ottoman akçe coin
* Aspers, nickname of John Aspinalls, founder of Crown London Aspinalls
# Tuckettspitze

The Tuckettspitze (Italian: Cima Tuckett; German: Tuckettspitze) is a mountain in the Ortler Alps in South Tyrol, Italy.
# 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created

1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created is a nonfiction book by Charles C. Mann first published in 2011. It covers the global effects of the Columbian Exchange, following Columbus's first landing in the Americas, that led to our current globalized world civilization. It follows on from Mann's previous book on the Americas prior to Columbus, 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus.
In his book, Mann argues that Columbus paved the way to the homogenocene, a particular feature of the anthropocene that is marked by a global homogenization of (agricultural) species, diseases, and tools brought about by the migration and transport that set in with the discovery of the new world. Modern global food production largely relies on “invasive species” (crops, livestock) that existed only regionally before the establishment of the new trade and transport paths.

## Different titles

In the United Kingdom, the book is published by Granta Books and is titled 1493: How the Ecological Collision of Europe and the Americas Gave Rise to the Modern World.
The book was adapted for younger readers by Rebecca Stefoff and published by Seven Stories Press in 2015 as 1493 for Young People: From Columbus's Voyage to Globalization.

## Synopsis

The author describes the Columbian Exchange and its global impact. Monocultures such as tobacco caused soil erosion and flooding. Colonization also brought the infectious diseases of malaria and yellow fever that he says did not exist on the American continent. Potatoes and tobacco were exchanged for silver in China. Guano from the Andes was used as a fertilizer in Europe. The author ends by describing how the triangular trade in African slaves impacted the world in its culture, food, agriculture, and history. The slaves who managed to escape formed isolated communities, sometimes forging alliances with Indigenous peoples and other marginalized groups.

## Reception

Ian Morris, in his review in The New York Times, appreciates the interesting tales Mann tells, writing, "He makes even the most unpromising-sounding subjects fascinating. I, for one, will never look at a piece of rubber in quite the same way now that I have been introduced to the debauched nouveaux riches of 19th-century Brazil, guzzling Champagne from bathtubs and gunning one another down in the streets of Manaus." Gregory McNamee in The Washington Post finds 1493 "fascinating and complex, exemplary in its union of meaningful fact with good storytelling."
# Pikermi

Pikermi (Greek: Πικέρμι) is a suburb of Athens and a former community of East Attica regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Rafina-Pikermi, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 21.522 km$^2$.

## Geography

Pikermi is situated at the northern edge of the Mesogaia plain, south of the Penteliko Mountain. It is 5 km east of Pallini, 6 km west of Rafina and 19 km east of Athens city centre. Greek National Road 54 (Athens - Rafina) passes through Pikermi. The municipal unit Pikermi consists of the settlements Pikermi, Drafi and Dioni.

## Paleontology

Pikermi features a paleontological site which has more than forty mammal species from the late Miocene (8 million years ago). What is special about Pikermi is that it is one of the first Miocene fossil localities to be discovered. It was discovered in 1839 by Bavarian soldiers of king Otto. Since it was one of the first localities, many of the species named there are type species. The locality itself is used as the archetypal example of a 'Pikermian' chronofauna that existed from Afghanistan to the Balkans during the Late Miocene. Similar fossils are found on Samos Island in Greece and Shanxi China.

## Historical population

| Year | Village population | Community population |
| 1981 | 509 | - |
| 1991 | 650 | 1,293 |
| 2001 | 1,168 | 2,931 |
| 2011 | 2,009 | 7,175 |
| 2021 | 2,082 | 7,707 |
# Dubivka, Ternopil Oblast

Dubivka (Ukrainian: Дубівка) is a village in Skala-Podilska settlement hromada, Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine.

## History

In the 1880s, the landowner Jan Yukhnovych owned 114 morgues of arable land, 18 meadows and vegetable gardens; the peasants owned 160 morgues of arable land, 13 meadows and vegetable gardens.

## Religion

* Simeon Stylites church (wooden, transported in 1905 from Tsyhany, Chortkiv Raion)
# Ghatvog Union

Ghatvog Union (Bengali: ঘাটভোগ ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad in Rupsa Upazila of Khulna District, in Khulna Division, Bangladesh.

## Education
### Colleges

* Alaipur College (Degree)
* Chandpur College
* Shiyali S.G.C College

### Higher secondary schools

* Alaipur United Secondary School, Rupsa, Khulna
* Anandnagar Ideal Secondary School, Rupsa, Khulna
* Goara Hafizur Rahman Secondary School, Rupsa, Khulna
* Shiali Secondary School Shiali, Rupsa, Khulna
* Bamdanga Secondary School, Bamdanga, Rupsa, Khulna
* Doba Bahumukhi Secondary School, Doba, Rupsa, Khulna
* Pithavog D.G.C Secondary School, Pithavog, Rupsa, Khulna
* Narnia Secondary School, Rupsa, Khulna

### Madrasas

* Madinatul Ulum Qaomi Madrasa
* Anandanagar Atikmhana Madrasa
* Alaipur Ibtedayi Madrasa
* Alaipur Hafezia Madrasa
* Alaipur Neesariya Sheikhpara Madrasa
* Bamandanga Salafia Madrasa
* Chandpur Dakhil Madsasah
# Qaralar-e Kuh

Qaralar-e Kuh (Persian: قرالركوه, also Romanized as Qarālar-e Kūh; also known as Qarahlar-e Gūrkhāneh) is a village in Baranduzchay-ye Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 226, in 64 families.
# Sukaa

Sukaa or suka (Nepali: सुका) is one of the denominations of the Nepalese rupee. One suka is equal to 25 paisa and four sukas make a rupee. Also, two sukas make a mohor. Sukaas as well as mohors used to circulate extensively in Nepal but these days they are rarely seen in markets.
# Salvia prionitis

Salvia prionitis is an annual herb that is native to Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces in China, found growing on hillsides and grassy places at 100 to 800 m (330 to 2,620 ft) elevation. S. prionitis grows on erect stems 20 to 43 cm (7.9 to 16.9 in) tall, with mostly basal leaves. Inflorescences are widely spaced 6-14 flowered verticillasters in racemes or panicles, with a violet corolla.
# The Blackguard

The Blackguard (German: Die Prinzessin und der Geiger) is a 1925 British-German silent drama film directed by Graham Cutts and starring Jane Novak, Walter Rilla, and Frank Stanmore. The film is set against the backdrop of the Russian Revolution during which a violinist saves a princess from execution.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, Michael Caviol, violinist, after he has been hit on the head sees visions in which he is dominated by a god-like creature, Maliol, who promises him success so long as he loves nothing but his art. He becomes famous but shuns the love of woman until he loses his heart to the Russian princess Marie Idourska. The Revolution breaks out, and the princess is threatened with death. Michael finds the leader to be Adrian Levenski, his former music master. He obtains two passports from Levenski and effects Marie's escape. Levenski and Michael fight and the latter is thrown into a flaming building, escaping but being badly burned in the process. While praying in a church, Marie enters and kneels beside him, now no longer a princess but still his love.

## Cast

* Jane Novak as Prinzessin Maria Idourska / Princess Marie Idourska
* Walter Rilla as Michael Caviol, The Blackguard
* Frank Stanmore as Pompouard
* Bernhard Goetzke as Adrian Levinsky
* Rosa Valetti as Grandmother
* Dora Bergner as Duchess
* Fritz Alberti as Painter
* Robert Leffler as Leidner
* Alexander Murski as Vollmark
* Martin Herzberg as Michael Caviol as a boy
* Loni Nest as Prinzessin Maria as little girl
* Robert Scholz as Grandduke Paul

## Production

The film was a co-production between Gainsborough Studios and UFA initiating a decade-long series of co-productions which ended with the rise of the Nazi Party in the 1930s. The film was based on the 1923 novel The Blackguard by Raymond Paton, and shot at Studio Babelsberg, in Potsdam near Berlin, the first time a Gainsborough film was shot abroad. The film was one of a number of films made in this genre during the 1920s, the most successful of which was the American film The Student Prince in Old Heidelberg (1927).
While working on the film, Alfred Hitchcock was able to study several films being made nearby, including The Last Laugh (1924) by F. W. Murnau, which were a major influence on his later work.

## Preservation

Prints of The Blackguard are located in several film archives and it has been released on dvd.
# Juma Mnyampanda

Juma Mnyampanda (born 17 November 1967) is a Tanzanian long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Harry Allen (Ontario politician)

Harry Marshall Allen (January 26, 1889 – September 13, 1963) was a Canadian politician who was a Member of Provincial Parliament in Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1945 to 1963. He represented the riding of Middlesex South for the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario.
Born in Lambeth, Ontario, he was a farmer and lumberman. He died in office in 1963 of a heart attack.
# Charles H. LaBillois

Charles H. LaBillois (December 18, 1856 – November 22, 1928) was a Canadian merchant and political figure active in New Brunswick. He represented Restigouche County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1883 to 1899 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Dalhousie, Colony of New Brunswick, the son of Joseph H. LaBillois, and was educated in Bonaventure County, Quebec. LaBillois was of French and Irish descent. He married Charlotte McNaughton, with whom he had 4 children: Opal Lennox, Alma Colton, Albert (b. 1892, d. 1976 in Montreal, Quebec) and George.
In 1891, he was named to the province's Executive Council. LaBillois served as a minister without portfolio from 1891 to 1897 when he was appointed the Commissioner of Agriculture. He served until 1901 when he was made Minister of Public Works, a portfolio he held until 1908. He died in Montreal in 1928.
# Yury Vodovozov

Yury Vodovozov (Russian: Юрий Водовозов; born 19 January 1982) is a retired Belarusian professional footballer.

## Career

Vodovozov started his career as a trainee at Dinamo Minsk in 2000, with a loan spell at Naftan Novopolotsk in 2003 followed by a permanent move in 2004 to Lokomotiv-96 Vitebsk. He only stayed there for one season, joining Belarus' top division side Slavia Mozyr in 2005.
Vodovozov played for first division side FC DSK Gomel during the 2009 and 2010 seasons, helping the club reach the semi-finals of the 2009–10 Belarusian Cup.

## Honours

Dinamo Minsk
* Belarusian Cup winner: 2002–03
# Nikolai Zlatovratsky

Nikolai Nikolaievich Zlatovratsky (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Златовра́тский) (December 26, 1845 – December 23, 1911), was a Russian writer.

## Biography

Zlatovratsky was born in Vladimir, where his father was a minor government official. His father set up a library for local people, and it was here that Zlatovratsky first became familiar with literature. He attended a gymnasium, and studied for a time at the St Petersburg Technological Institute, but had to leave for lack of money. He found a position as proof-reader at a newspaper, where he became interested in writing.
His first sketch was published in 1866. His novel Foundations (1883) was published in Annals of the Fatherland. The main subjects of his works were the peasants, and the populist intellectuals. He was a member of the Moscow literary group Sreda from its inception in 1899 until his death. He was eventually given honorary membership in the Imperial Academy of Arts. He died in Moscow in 1911.

## English translations

* Old Shadows, (story), from Anthology of Russian Literature, Volume 2, Leo Wiener, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1903. from Archive.org
# Jega, Kebbi

Jega is a Local Government Area in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Jega.
It has an area of 891 km$^2$ and a population of 193,352 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 863.

## History

The town was founded by Muhammad al-Bukhari, a son of Abd al-Salam, one of the leaders of the Sokoto jihad who later revolted against the Sokoto Caliphate. After Abd al-Salam was killed by the Sokoto forces, al-Bukhari submitted to the first Emir of Gwandu Abdullahi dan Fodio (r. 1812–1828), who allowed him to settle on the banks of the River of Gindi with his large following as a share of his father Abd al-Salam, founding the town of Jega. Abdullahi appointed him as Sarkin Kebbi of Jega after the killed of Sarkin Kebbi Hodi by his people at a place called Maciri in Jandutsi.$^{:419–420}$

## Climate

The temperature in the wet season is hot, oppressive, and mostly cloudy, while in the dry season it's sweltering and partly cloudy.

## Notable people

* Attahiru Jega
* Engr Yusuf Shamsu (Civil Engineer)
* Alh. Muhammed Arzika (District Head)
* Ahmed Jafar
* Abdurrashid Bawa (Former EFCC Chairman)
# Cheyenne National Forest

Cheyenne National Forest was established in Wyoming by the U.S. Forest Service on July 1, 1908, with 617,932 acres (2,500.68 km$^2$) from part of Medicine Bow National Forest and all of Crow Creek National Forest. On July 1, 1910, a portion was eliminated and the remainder renamed Medicine Bow National Forest.
# Gavdaneh-ye Ali Reza

Gavdaneh-ye Ali Reza (Persian: گاودانه عليرضا, also Romanized as Gāvdāneh-ye ʿAlī Rez̤ā; also known as Gāvdāneh) is a village in Doshman Ziari Rural District, in the Central District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 198, in 32 families.