OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nilphamari Sadar Upazila

Nilphamari Sadar (Bengali: নীলফামারী সদর) is an upazila of Nilphamari District in the Division of Rangpur, Bangladesh. Nilphamari Sadar thana was established in 1870. It was under Daroani thana before 1870. It gradually turned into an Upazilla in 1984.

## Geography

Nilphamari Sadar is located at 25°56′30″N 88°50′40″E﻿ / ﻿25.9417°N 88.8444°E﻿ / 25.9417; 88.8444. It has 97,088 households and total area 373.30 km$^2$. It is bounded by Debiganj and Domar upazilas on the north, Jaldhaka and Kishoreganj upazilas on the east, Saidpur Upazila to the south and Khansama Upazila to the west.

## Demographics

Religions in Nilphamari Sadar Upazila (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 80.16% | 80.16% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 19.68% | 19.68% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.16% | 0.16% |
According to the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Nilphamari Sadar Upazila had 97,088 households and a population of 435,162. 107,932 (24.80%) were under 10 years of age. Nilphamari Sadar had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 45.73%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 986 females per 1000 males. 45,386 (10.43%) lived in urban areas.
As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Nilphamari Sadar has a population of 306051. Males constitute 51.23% of the population, and females 48.77%. This Upazila's eighteen up population is 150237. Nilphamari Sadar has an average literacy rate of 23.2% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate.

## Administration

Nilphamari Thana was formed in 1870 and it was turned into an upazila in 1984.
Nilphamari Sadar Upazila is divided into Nilphamari Municipality and 15 union parishads: Chaora Bargachaup, Chaprasarnjami, Charaikhola, Gorgram, Itakhola, Kachukata, Khoksabari, Kundapukur, Lakshmichap, Palasbari, Ramnagar, Songalsi, Sonaray, and Tupamari. The union parishads are subdivided into 109 mauzas and 108 villages.
At present, Nilphamari Municipality has an area of 27.50 sqkm and is subdivided into 15 wards. The processing of increasing the area of Nilphamari Municipality is ongoing. The proposed area will be 42.70 sqkm.

## Education

According to Banglapedia, Nilphamari Government High School, founded in 1882, is a notable secondary school.
# Pirgacha Upazila

Pirgacha (Bengali: পীরগাছা) is an upazila of Rangpur District in the division of Rangpur, Bangladesh.

## Geography

Pirgacha is located at 25°34′50″N 89°24′00″E﻿ / ﻿25.5806°N 89.4000°E﻿ / 25.5806; 89.4000. It has 82,623 households and total area 266.85 km$^2$. Tambulpur is one of the famous unions which is situated on the bank of River Burail. Pirgacha upazila is situated at the south-east corner of Rangpur town. Tambulpur is the largest union of Pirgacha Upazila. It is about 12 kilometers east–west and about 6 kilometers north–south. And Rahmatchar is the largest village under this union. It is situated at the very east side at River Teesta which is the meeting points of Rangpur, Kurigram and Gaibandha Districts.

## Demographics

Religions in Pirgachha Upazila (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 91.37% | 91.37% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 8.52% | 8.52% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.05% | 0.05% |
According to the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Pirgachha Upazila had 82,623 households and a population of 313,319. 68,918 (22.00%) were under 10 years of age. Pirgachha had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 44.61%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1041 females per 1000 males. 13,037 (4.16%) lived in urban areas.
As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Pirgachha has a population of 256,573. Males constitute 50.59% of the population, and females 49.41%. This Upazila's eighteen up population is 125484. Pirgachha has an average literacy rate of 21.5% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate.

## Administration

UNO: Md.Nazmul Haque Sumon.
Pirgacha Upazila is divided into nine union parishad: Anandanagar, Chhaola, Itakumari, Kaikuri, Kalyani, Kandi, Parul, Pirgacha, and Tambulpur. The union parishads are subdivided into 170 mauzas and 170 villages.

### Colleges

* Pirgachha Govt. College (Pirgacha)
* Itakumari Shibchandra Roy College (Pirgacha)
* Pirgachha Women's College (Pirgacha)
* Rahim Uddin Bharsa Women's College (Pirgacha)
* Karim Uddin Bharsa Women's College (Pirgacha)
* Devi Chowdhurani Degree College (Chowdhurani, Pirgacha)
* Tambulpur College ( Tambulpur, Pirgacha )
* Paotanahat College (Paotanahat, Pirgacha)
* Satdargah College (Satdargah, Pirgacha)
* Annadanagar College (Annandanagar, Pirgacha)
* Deuty High School & College
Two or three high schools and four Dakhil madrasha. Rahmatchar is one of the famous villages of this union. There are two primary schools and two madrasha in Rahmatchar. Dewanbari is the most famous in Rahmatchar even in the union.
# Atle (1974 icebreaker)

Atle is the first Atle-class icebreaker to be delivered from the Wärtsilä Helsinki Shipyard. After sea trials in mid-1974 she was delivered on 21 October. She was then crewed by personnel from the Swedish Navy and on 24 October she set sail for Stockholm.
# Mocius

Saint Mocius (Greek: Μώκιος; died 288–295) was a Christian priest of Roman ancestry who lived in Amphipolis, Macedonia and became a Catholic and Orthodox saint.

## Life

During a persecution against Christians under the emperor Diocletian (284-305), St Mocius exhorted the pagans who had assembled for the pagan festival of Dionysus (Bacchus), to abandon the customs which accompanied this celebration. He urged them to repent, be converted to Christianity, and be baptized. At the temple of Dionysus, he destroyed a statue of the god.
Mocius was brought to trial before the governor of Laodicea and subjected to torture. After this he was put into a red-hot oven, where he remained unharmed, but the flames coming out of the oven scorched the governor. Then he was given to wild beasts to be eaten, but they did not touch him. The lions lay down at his feet. The people, seeing such miracles, urged that the saint be set free. The governor ordered the saint to be sent to the city of Perinthus, and from there to Byzantium, where St Mocius was beheaded.
His feast day is May 11 in both the Catholic and Orthodox Church.

## Legacy

The Emperor Anastasius I Dicorus (491-518) built an open air cistern, to supply water to the city of Constantinople (today's Istanbul). It is the third of the Late Roman Period cisterns and the largest in the city, named after the saint who was venerated in a nearby church. In Turkish, it is called "Altı Mermer Çukurbostanı". It has been converted into the Fatih Educational Park, but the ancient walls are still standing.

### Church of St Mokios

A church dedicated to saint Mocius is said to have been built by Constantine I on top of a temple of Zeus. It was rebuilt by Pulcheria, Marcian or possibly Justinian I and restored again by Basil I in the 9th century. It was located between the Theodosian and Constantinian walls, perhaps to the west of the cistern named after the saint and close to the monastery of Theotokos ta Mikra Romaiou. The monastery also included a hospital and xenodochium and it is possible that the 11th century physician Ibn Butlan wrote his work The Physicians' Banquet in this monastery during his stay in Constantinople.
# Kuvshinnoye

Kuvshinnoye (Russian: Кувшинное) is a rural locality (Russian: село, lit. 'village') in Besedinsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 26 (2010 Census); 38 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Seym River (a left tributary of the Desna), 100 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 16 km south-east of the district center – the town Kursk, 6 km from the selsoviet center – Besedino.

### Climate

Kuvshinnoye has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Kuvshinnoye is located 6 km from the federal route P-298 (Kursk – Voronezh – P-22 "Kaspy" Highway; a part of the European route E38), 3 km from the road of regional importance 38K-014 (R-298 – Polevaya), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-259 (R-298 – Belomestnoye – Kuvshinnoye), 3.5 km from the nearest railway halt Kolodnoye (railway line Klyukva — Belgorod).
The rural locality is situated 17.5 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 111 km from Belgorod International Airport and 192 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Fire grid burnet

The fire grid burnet (Arniocera erythropyga) is a day-flying moth of the family Thyrididae found in Zimbabwe and Malawi to Mozambique and South Africa.
This moth looks different from other burnets, mainly because of its colours. The common name of this moth refers to its fore wing pattern of black-edged, red bands on a metallic blue-green ground colour. The hind wing is pinkish red with a broad, marginal band of black. Males have hairs covering their head.
# Shimulia Union, Khoksa

Shimulia Union (Bengali: শিমুলিয়া ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Khoksa Upazila, in Kushtia District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 39.55 square kilometres (15.27 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 16,385. There are 9 villages and 8 mouzas in the union.
# Hierius

Hierius (Greek: Ἱέριος) was a Neoplatonist philosopher, a son of Plutarch of Athens, and brother of Asclepigenia, who lived in the early 5th century.
Plutarch instructed both Hierius and Asclepigenia in the Neoplatonist philosophies of his school, and after his death they continued his teachings together with their colleague, Syrianus.
# Zolmabad-e Sofla

Zolmabad-e Sofla (Persian: ظلم ابادسفلي, also Romanized as Z̧olmābād-e Soflá; also known as Z̧olmābād-e Pā'īn) is a village in Cham Chamal Rural District, Bisotun District, Harsin County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 215, in 46 families.
# FOM-Ukraine

The FOM-Ukraine (Ukrainian: ФОМ-Україна, Russian: ФОМ-Украина) is political sociology company in Ukraine. It is joint venture of the FOM (Russian: Фонд "Общественное мнение", Moscow and Ukrainian Marketing Group (Russian: Украинской маркетинговой группы), Kyiv.
Results of exit poll performed by FOM (Moscow) company favoring Viktor Yanukovych were the only allowed to be publicized on TV during Ukrainian presidential election in 2004. All others polling was censored.
# Aleksandar Todorov

Aleksandar Todorov (Macedonian: Александар Тодоров; born July 17, 1973) is a Macedonian basketball coach. He was the head coach of MZT Skopje, when they won the title for the first time in their history. In addition to his Macedonian citizenship, Todorov also holds Bulgarian citizenship.

## Club titles

* Macedonian Cup: 2 (2001, 2012)
* BIBL: 1 (2009)
* Macedonian First League: 1 (2012)
# Bobki

Bobki (Russian: Бобки) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Bobki (village), Perm Krai, a village in Dobryansky District, Perm Krai
* Bobki (settlement), Perm Krai, a settlement in Dobryansky District, Perm Krai
# Rochdale One

M/V Rochdale One was a cruise ship built by the French shipyard Ateliers et Chantiers Dubigeon-Normandie at Nantes in 1977 for the Soviet Union. As the Ayvasovskiy (Russian: Айвазовский) she was operated by the Danube Shipping Company [ru], mainly in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. At around 7,600 GRT, with a length of 121.5 metres (399 ft) and a draught of 4.5 metres (15 ft), she was small for a cruise ship and carried only 328 passengers.
In 1997, she was chartered by German company Phoenix Reisen, and renamed Carina. In 2000, she was sold and renamed Primexpress Island, sailing out of Cyprus as a floating casino. However, in 2001 the ship was arrested at the port of Limassol because of unpaid bills.
Eventually the ship was acquired by three Dutch housing associations; Algemene Woningbouw Vereniging (AWV), DUWO, and Woningstichting Rochdale, who agreed to cooperate in order to alleviate the extreme shortage of student accommodation in Amsterdam. The ship was towed to Greece to be converted into an accommodation vessel before sailing to Amsterdam, arriving there on 8 July 2004. Renamed Rochdale One, she was used at Amsterdam from 2004 until 2009 as a home for 194 students. The ship was then laid up until August 2011, when she was towed to 's-Gravendeel, Netherlands, before being sold to a Lebanese company. In February 2012, she was towed to Tripoli, Lebanon.
In July 2013, after a failed attempt to sell the ship to Russian buyers, she sailed to Aliağa, Turkey, to be scrapped.
# Nautanwa

Nautanwa is a town and Nagar Palika in Maharajganj district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is about 87 km from Gorakhpur, NH24 and 68 km NH730 from Maharajganj and 7 km from Sonauli Indo-Nepal Border.

## Geography

Nautanwa is located at 27°26′N 83°25′E﻿ / ﻿27.43°N 83.42°E﻿ / 27.43; 83.42. It has an average elevation of 89 metres (291 feet). The town is located in the Terai region, in the foothills of the Shiwalik Himalayas.
Nautanwa is a Tehsil/Block in the Mahrajganj District of Uttar Pradesh. According to Census 2011 information the sub-district code of Nautanwa block is 00944. There are about 259 villages in Nautanwa block.

## Geology

Brick clay is abundant everywhere and bricks are made outside the town areas. The soil in the area is light sandy or dense clay of yellowish brown colour. The sand found in the rivers is medium to coarse grained, greyish white to brownish in colour and is suitable for building construction.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Nautanwa had a population of 29,259. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%.
* Nautanwa has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 52%.
* In Nautanwa, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Transport

Nautanwa is well connected by road and railway. Sonauli at Indo-Nepal border has a Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation which connects major cities of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Delhi.
The town has a railway station called Nautanwa railway station, which is the closest to Lumbini in Nepal and it is the last Station from India End. The two countries have an open border without restrictions on the movement of Nepalese and Indian nationals. There is a customs checkpoint for goods and third country nationals.

### Nearby Airports

| Code | IATA | Kind | Name | City | Distance | Bearing | Airlines |
| VNBW | BWA | Medium | Bhairawa Airport | Bhairawa | 4 nm N | 359 | Buddha Air Pvt. Ltd, Saurya Airlines, Simrik Airlines, Yeti Airlines |
| VEGK | GOP | Medium | Gorakhpur Airport | Gorakhpur | 41 nm S | 377 | Alliance Air, Air India, IndiGo, SpiceJet, Air Vistara, Air Asia |
| FR47722 | | Small | Kushinagar Airport | Kushinagar | 47 nm S | 146 | Proposed airports |
| VNBL | BGL | Small | Baglung Airport | Baglung | 48 nm N | 15 | |
| VNPK | PKR | Medium | Pokhara Airport | Pokhara | 55 nm N | 32 | Buddha Air Pvt. Ltd, Nepal Airlines, Simrik Airlines,Tara Air, Yeti Airlines |
# Boxer (2018 film)

Boxer (Bengali: বক্সার) is an Indian Bengali sports drama romantic film directed by Sanjoy Bardhan. Boxer is about a young boxer based in Kolkata. The film stars debutant Shikhar Srivastava and Ena Saha in the lead roles and was produced by Koushik K Roy, also known as Roy Koushik. The music was released through SVF Music. It was heavily inspired by the 2016 Bollywood Film Do Lafzon Ki Kahani, which was itself based on the 2011 South Korean Film Always.

## Plot

The film is the story of an 18-year-old boxer, Rony, who has reached adulthood after making many mistakes, but must move on. The boxing ring is a metaphor for life; every hurt and injury is a lesson in life, as he strives to win not a trophy but his first love, Jinia.

## Cast

* Shikhar Srivastava as Rony
* Ena Saha as Jinia
* Soumitra Chatterjee as Church Father
* Rajatava Dutta as Digvijoy Sengupta
* Laboni Sarkar as Sanghamitra Sengupta
* Sudip Mukherjee as Boxing Coach
* Sudip Sarkar as Siddhartha Chowdhury
* Riya Bhattacharje as Item Girl Dancer
* Samidh Mukerjee as Rock Singer
* Dheeraj Shaji as Kiran

## Soundtrack

The music for the film was composed by Samidh Mukerjee and Joy-Anjan. Akash Chakrabarty, Budhaditta and Samidh Mukherjee have written the lyrics for songs. "Du chokher Isharay" song composed by Joy-Anjan and penned by Budhaditta. The soundtrack was released by SVF Music. The full music album was released on 26 April 2017.
# Local Anaesthetic (novel)

Local Anaesthetic (German: Örtlich betäubt) is a 1969 novel by the German writer Günter Grass. It tells the story of an idealistic high-school teacher who believes society, like a pupil, is learning from experience and reason.

## Plot and content

Eberhard Starusch is a 40-year-old teacher of German and history who lives in West Berlin and acts as the tragicomic centre of the novel. In the background one of his students, Phillipp Scherbaum, is planning to set fire to his dog Max on the Kurfurstendamm as a protest against the US involvement in the Vietnam War. Starusch undergoes a long sequence of dental operations in 1967 in a surgery where television is used as a method of distracting patients from the operations and the pain that is involved in them, with the resultant televisual images merging and melding into his consciousness and reflections. Starusch recounts his own meditations upon the political past and the post-war situation in Adenauer's Germany and the inadequacy, from his perspective, of both Left and Right political ideologies and party alignments in that period (with tooth decay acting as a metaphor for wider spiritual and political decay). The book is largely an internal monologue from Starusch's perspective, punctuated only on limited occasions by questions and observations from his dentist.

## Context and influences

Grass had been deeply moved after learning about the Hübener Group, three teenage Mormons who distributed anti-Nazi material inspired by BBC London radio broadcasts and were arrested by the Gestapo in Hamburg. Two were released to labor camps, but the author himself, Helmuth Hübener, was executed by guillotine as a 17-year-old traitor to the Reich. Hitler personally refused to reduce or commute the sentence. When interviewed for the documentary Truth & Conviction (see external link below), Grass said it continually tore at him that he and other Germans could not somehow have dug deeper, seen through the Nazi deception sooner and found the courage to stand up. It eventually helped Grass sublimate his anguish to convert it into a novel.

## Critical reception

Anatole Broyard wrote in The New York Times that "There is little in Grass's previous books to prepare us for this one. Where they were sprawling and self-indulgent, Local Anaesthetic is lean and ironic." Broyard wrote that the author "unmercifully satirizes the impotence, the masochism, the desperate expedients, that make the lot of the liberal such a hard one". About the technical aspects, he wrote that "Grass has possessed himself of everything fiction has learned in the past two decades- and he uses that knowledge so well that the book is a brilliant tour de force. With this important difference: unlike most tours de force, it never condescends to its content. Every invention satisfies a need and comes out sounding natural."
# Helgi Jónsson

Helgi Jónsson (11 April 1867, Rangárvallasýsla – 1925) was an Icelandic botanist and phycologist.
He specialized in the research of marine algae and subarctic vegetation. During his career, he undertook many botanical trips throughout Iceland.
The diatom Navicula jonssonii Østrup is named after him.

## Main works

* The marine algae of Iceland. Botanisk Tidsskrift 25: 378–380. 1902–1903.
* The marine algae of East Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 30: 1-73. 1904.
* The marine algal vegetation of Iceland. 1912 The Botany of Iceland
# Qaleh-ye Abd ol Reza

Qaleh-ye Abd ol Reza (Persian: قلعه عبدالرضا, also Romanized as Qal‘eh-ye ‘Abd ol Reẕā, Qal‘eh-ye ‘Abd or Reẕā, Ghal’eh Abdolreza, Qal‘eh ‘Abd or Rezā, Qal‘eh ‘Abdur Riza, Qal‘eh-ye ‘Abdo Reẕā, Qal‘eh-ye ‘Abd or Rezā, and Qal’eh-ye Abd Rezā) is a village in Borborud-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Aligudarz County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 90, in 18 families.
# Amarghan-e Sofla

Amarghan-e Sofla (Persian: امرغان سفلي, also Romanized as Amarghān-e Soflá; also known as Amarghān, Amarghūn, ‘Amarqān, and Emerghān) is a village in Kenevist Rural District, in the Central District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,440, in 343 families.
# Huai Chomphu

Huai Chomphu (Thai: ห้วยชมภู) is a tambon (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005, it had a population of 13,494 people. The tambon contains 11 villages.
# East Bulgarian

The East Bulgarian is a Bulgarian breed of warmblood horse. It developed from the warmblood section established in about 1894, at the Kabiuk State Stud and Stallion Depot in Shumen Province in eastern Bulgaria. A stud-book was started in either 1951$^{:448}$ or 1959.
# Pithophoraceae

Pithophoraceae is a family of green algae in the order Cladophorales.
# Bai sema

Bai sema (Thai: ใบเสมา, pronounced) are boundary stones which designate the sacred area for a phra ubosot (ordination hall) within a Thai Buddhist temple (wat); otherwise called sema hin (เสมาหิน).

## History

It is written in the Vinaya Pitaka that the Baddhasima (the area in which the monks perform the Sanghakamma or Buddhist sacred ceremonies) must be able to accommodate 21 seated monks, with a space the length of a forearm between each monk. The area should also not be larger than three yojana which is about 48 kilometres (30 mi). This is probably meant to mean the maximum circumference. In other words, the Baddhasima should not be too small, nor too big.
It is also written that the Baddhasima can be marked by the following Nimitta (border markers): hills, rock formations, forests, trees, ant hills, streets, rivers and other waters such as the sea or a pond. The type of Nimitta that is mainly used in Thailand is a stone. The oldest stone bai sema in Thailand were found in northeast Thailand (Isan) and are from the Dvaravati period (6th - 9th century CE).

## Placing of the bai sema

Before work starts on a new phra ubosot, nine holes are dug: eight at the cardinal points, the ninth beneath where the principal Buddha statue will be placed. Luk nimit (Thai: ลูกนิมิต), round stones the size of a cannonball, are placed in to these holes during a religious ceremony. Eight Sema stones are then placed over those Luk Nimit which are situated at the cardinal points. Double (or even triple) bai sema signify that the phra ubosot has been rebuilt, or consecrated for use by more than one monastic order, or that the temple has a Royal connection (photo 1).

## Description of the bai sema

The Thai words bai sema mean "Sema leaves" due to the shape of the flat Sema stones being somewhat akin to the shape of the leaves of the Bodhi tree, the tree under which the Buddha achieved enlightenment (photo 1).
Parts of a bai sema are described in Thailand as being body parts: "neck", "shoulders", "chest", "hips" and "stomach". During the Ayutthaya kingdom and the following Rattanakosin era, bai sema would sometimes be decorated with eyes (photo 2) and princely crowns (photo 3). The Thammayut order, which was founded by Prince Mongkut (the later King Rama IV) in 1833, developed a three-dimensional form of bai sema (photo 4).

## Gallery

* Photo 2: Bai Sema with "eyes", Wat Phra Kaeo, Bangkok
* Photo 3: "crowned" Bai Sema, Wat Ratchanadda, Bangkok
* Photo 4: four sided Bai Sema, Wat Mahanaparam, Bangkok
* Two sets of Bai Sema surround the ubosot and a chedi at Wat Chet Yot, Chiang Mai
* Mold for a Bai Sema, found at Wat Umong in the Umong subdistrict of Lamphun
* A triple Bai Sema in Sukhothai
* Gilding, Lumbini, Nepal
# Siddhipasha Union

Siddhipasha Union (Bengali: সিদ্ধিপাশা ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Abhaynagar Upazila, in Jessore District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh.