OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Düben Heath

The Düben Heath (German: Dübener Heide) is a landscape in Germany in eastern Saxony-Anhalt and northern Saxony, between the rivers Elbe and the Mulde, on the northern edge of the Leipzig Bay.
It is bounded in the west by the town of Dessau, in the north by the Elbe valley (Wittenberg, Pretzsch), in the southeast by Torgau, in the south by Eilenburg and the course of the Mulde through Bad Düben and Bitterfeld.
The Düben Heath is a terminal moraine landscape formed during the Saale glaciation (Plateau of Gräfenhainichen-Schmiedeberg) with predominantly sandy soils. Beneath this Pleistocene cover lie lignite-bearing strata. The majority of the Düben Heath is covered by forest.
The eastern part of the Düben Heath, with the resort of Bad Düben, is designated as a nature park. In the western part around Gräfenhainichen and Bitterfeld, lignite was extracted until the end of the 1980s in open pits; as a result large areas of the natural woodland landscape were destroyed. Since then, the pits have been remediated and the hollows with water. In the vicinity of Gräfenhainichen on a peninsula in the flooded Ferropolis open pit a museum of technology has been established, where open pit mining equipment and railway vehicles are displayed.
The dialects spoken in the Düben Heath in former times were as different as the landscape of the heath is varied. These dialects are sub-groups of the Upper Saxon German dialect, which is one of the central German languages. The development of these dialects was a result of several settlement phases, shaped by the borders of different domains and foreign influences.
With the settlement of displaced persons from the former eastern territories of Germany in the late 1940s, the migration of labour, the influence of literature, press, radio and television, the dialects of the Düben Heath are now hardly spoken.
# St. Lawrence's Church, Roskilde

St. Lawrence's Church (Danish: Sankt Laurentii kirke) is a Roman Catholic church in Roskilde, Denmark.

## History

Pater A. Kerckhoffs, pater Blois and brother Bonifatius, who all belonged to the Compagnie de Marie, came to Roskilde in 1901. It was the Kerckhoffs' intention to build a Roman Catholic church, school and hospital in the city. A temporary chapel, the first of its kind in Roskilde since the Reformation in 1536, was inaugurated in a former stable of the new rectory on 13 July 1902. In 1904–05, a group of Daughters of Wisdom founded St. Joseph's School and St. Mary's Hospital on a site on the other side of the street. Jacob van Gils, a Dutch architect, was commissioned to design a church building for a site adjacent to the rectory. Construction began in 1913 and the church was inaugurated by bishop Johannes von Euch on 19 April 1914. The church was damaged by fire in 1940 but was subsequently restored.

## Use

Mass in Danish is held three times a week (Tuesday, Friday and Sunday). Mass in Polish is held on the second Saturday each month and in English on the third Saturday each month.
# Kumrabaria Union

Kumrabaria Union (Bengali: কুমড়াবাড়ীয়া ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Jhenaidah Sadar Upazila, in Jhenaidah District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 24.6 square kilometres (9.5 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 17,767. There are 13 villages and 10 mouzas in the union.
# Palat Kaleh Sar

Palat Kaleh Sar (Persian: پلت‌کله‌سر) is a village in Siahkalrud Rural District, Chaboksar District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 24 families.
# Kalin, Qazvin

Kalin (Persian: كلين, also Romanized as Kalīn and Koleyn) is a village in Rudbar-e Mohammad-e Zamani Rural District, Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 52, in 20 families.
# Valmiki-Pratibha

Vālmīki-Pratibhā (Bengali:বাল্মীকি-প্রতিভা, Balmiki Protibha, lit. The Genius of Vālmīki) is an opera by Rabindranath Tagore. The Bengali libretto was written by Tagore himself based on the legend of Ratnakara the Thug who later became Sage Valmiki and composed Ramayana, a Hindu epic.
Composed in 1881, the opera was first performed at the Jorasanko Thakur Bari on 26 February 1881. Tagore himself played the role of Valmiki. It was staged in front of some eminent literary personalities of contemporary Bengal like Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Gooroodas Banerjee and Haraprasad Shastri. The first edition of the opera was also published this time. The second and final edition was published on 20 February 1886.
The music of this opera was a "fusion of classical, folk and European strains." The story narrates how Ratnakara, a robber chief turns into a great poet by the grace of Saraswati, the goddess of wisdom.

## Name

Tagore wrote in his reminiscence, Jibansmriti, “[In Valmiki-Pratibha] I played Valmiki and my niece Pratibha played Saraswati – this history remains in the naming of Valmiki-Pratibha.”

## Synopsis

One night, Valmiki, the robber chief, and his men captured a young girl to be sacrificed before Kali, the goddess of death. As Valmiki approached to behead the girl, her cries melt the robber chief's heart and she was released. Later Valmiki's men found that their leader was taking no more pleasure in bloodshed. Considering it as a sign of shameful cowardice, they abandoned him. Valmiki began to wander in the forest. One day he saw a young hunter killing two innocent love birds. Enraged, he uttered a curse which curiously enough, came out in Sanskrit, the language of the gods that he never learnt. Valmiki saw an image of Saraswati, the goddess of wisdom being worshipped by the forest-nymphs. He renounced Kali and began his long search for the goddess of knowledge. In the meantime, Lakshmi, the goddess of fortune, approached to distract him, but he refused her. At last his penance was rewarded and Saraswati herself appeared to him. It turned out that the little girl that he had saved from beheading was none other than the goddess herself in disguise, who had come to melt his 'stone' heart. Later, the goddess offered her Veena to Valmiki and blessed him with music. She blessed the former robber chief to become the greatest poet in the whole world, to be worshipped next to the goddess herself by every poet or artist ever since.

## Roles and historical cast

In the list below, the role is followed by the original cast member from the 1881 production.
* Valmiki, the robber chief – Rabindranath Tagore.
* Saraswati, goddess of wisdom – Pratibha Devi, Tagore's niece.
* Lakshmi, goddess of fortune – Sushila Devi, Tagore's niece.
* Robbers – Sarada Prasad Ganguly, Kedarnath Majumdar, Akshay Majumdar.

## Recording

* 1967, Santosh Sengupta (conductor), Hemanta Mukherjee (Valmiki), Suchitra Mitra (Saraswati), Tarun Bandyopadhyay (robber), Sagar Sen (robber), Arghya Sen (robber), Sumitra Sen (forest-nymph), Ritu Guha (Lakshmi) etc. (The Gramophone Company of India Limited, EALP 1313)
# Ya'akov Yosef

Ya'akov Yosef (Hebrew: יעקב יוסף‎; 18 October 1946 – 12 April 2013) was an Israeli rabbi and politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Shas between 1984 and 1988.

## Early life

Ya'akov Yosef (Jacob Joseph) was born in Jerusalem towards the end of the Mandate era, the second child (oldest son) of Ovadia Yosef, a prominent rabbi. He was educated in the Porat Yosef and Kol Torah yeshivas in Bayit VeGan. He was later certified as a rabbi at the Rav Kook Institute.

## Political Career

In the early 1980s, Yosef became a member of the new Shas party founded by his father, and represented it on Jerusalem city council between 1983 and 1984. In 1984, he was elected to the Knesset on the Shas list, and sat on the Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, the Education and Culture Committee and the Parliamentary Inquiry Committee for Traffic Accidents, until he was removed from the Shas electoral list for the 1988 elections, at his father's behest. He later dissented from his father's political positions, especially as relates to peace negotiations with Palestinians.
In 2008, he said that Shas had "lost its moral right to exist" because of its participation in governments that engaged in these negotiations. Yosef was detained by police under suspicion of incitement to violence and racism, after he wrote an approbation for a book that justifies the killing of non-Jews.
His son, Yonatan Yosef, a prominent Jerusalem rabbi, is the spokesman for Jewish Settlers in Sheikh Jarrah, and a prominent activists for the Judaization of East Jerusalem. In 2013, Yonatan ran for Jerusalem City Council.

## Rabbinic career

He was the head of the Hazon Ya'akov yeshiva (which is named after his grandfather), and the rabbi for the Givat Moshe neighbourhood in Jerusalem. His brother, Avraham, was the chief rabbi of Holon.
In 2004, his father overruled one of Yosef's Halakhic rulings, which forbade soldiers from eating food provided by the army, condemning it as "inciteful."

## Controversy

On 3 July 2011, Yosef was arrested on suspicion of incitement to racism for his endorsement of the book The King's Torah, after he failed to report to the police for questioning, and released shortly thereafter. The arrest and questioning sparked protests among his supporters.
In November 2012, during Operation Pillar of Defense, Yosef said in a sermon in Hebron, West Bank: "The IDF [Israeli Defence Forces] must learn from the Syrians how to slaughter and crush the enemy."

## Illness and death

On 12 April 2013, at the age of 66, Yosef died in Jerusalem's Hadassah Ein Kerem hospital around a year after being diagnosed with cancer. He was buried in the Har Hamenuchot cemetery.
# Kawkhali Upazila, Rangamati

Kawkhali (Bengali: কাউখালী) is an upazila of Rangamati District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

## Demographics

Religions in Kawkhali Upazila (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Buddhism | Buddhism | 56.76% | 56.76% |
| Islam | Islam | 40.05% | 40.05% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 3.09% | 3.09% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 0.08% | 0.08% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.01% | 0.01% |
As of the 2022 Bangladesh census, Kawkhali upazila had a population of 66,313. The ethnic population was 36,550 (55.12%), of which Marma were 18,477, Chakma 17,188, and Tanchangya 677.
Ethnicity in the Kawkhali Upazila (2022)

## Administration

UNO: Happy Das.
Kawkhali Upazila is divided into four union parishads: Betbunia, Fatikchhari, Ghagra, and Kalampati. The union parishads are subdivided into 11 mauzas and 149 villages.
# Venturethree

venturethree is an independent brand company based in London, specialising in brand strategy, brand expression and brand experience.

## History

venturethree was founded in London, in 1999 by Philip Orwell and Michael Zur-Szpiro. Before founding venturethree, Philip Orwell was a director at Wolff Olins. Michael Zur-Szpiro was the founder of Aroma Café, a chain of coffee shops, which was sold to McDonald's in 1999. Before that, Michael worked at Wolff Olins and Boston Consulting Group.
In January 2013 the company moved to a new studio, designed by Ab Rogers Design, in the former Royal Military Asylum at the Duke of York's Headquarters in Chelsea, now known as Cavalry Square.
In 2024 the company launched venturethree USA, Inc in New York to expand its presence across the Americas.

## Work

venturethree works in many sectors including media, technology, retail, energy, corporate, culture and non-profit.
# Thunder Cross

Thunder Cross may refer to:
* Thunder Cross (Latvian: pērkonkrusts), the swastika in Latvian contexts
* Pērkonkrusts, a Latvian fascist organisation led by Gustavs Celmiņš, sometimes referred to in English as the Thunder Cross
* Thunder Cross (arcade game), a 1988 scrolling shoot 'em up arcade game
* Rhapsody of Fire, formerly Thundercross, an Italian power metal band
# Agesarchus of Tritaea

Agesarchus (Greek: Αγήσαρχος) was an ancient Greek athlete from Tritaea in Achaea. He was the son of Haemostratus, and won in the men's boxing competitions at all the Panhellenic Games. His victories have been dated around the 165th Olympiad in 120 BC. A statue in his honor was erected at Olympia, the work of the sons of Polycles.
# Pipob Thongchai

Pipob Thongchai (Thai: พิภพ ธงไชย) is a non-governmental organization leader who advocates a wide range of issues. He has been active since he was a college student, when he was secretary of the University Student Federation of Thailand. He is also a former member of the Council of Socio-economic Consultants of Thailand, the Committee for Democratic Advocacy of Thailand, and the Children's Foundation of Thailand.
Thongchai was an early supporter of Thaksin Shinawatra and called for general support from the civil society in 2001.
In February 2006, he was selected as one of the five leaders of the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD), the group that launched a major campaign demanding Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra resign. The PAD supported a coup d'état by the royally-supported military on 19 September 2006.
In September 2008, Thongchai advocated a state-sponsored scheme of early childhood character education and development, which would serve to indoctrinate children younger than three years in the morals and ethics of "Thainess".
As of 7 October 2009, he serves as an advisor to the New Politics Party.
# René Konen Tunnel

The René Konen Tunnel (French: Tunnel René Konen), colloquially known as the Saint Esprit Tunnel (French: Tunnel du St-Esprit, Luxembourgish: Helleg-Geescht-Tunnel), is a 655 m (2,149 ft) road tunnel in Luxembourg City in southern Luxembourg. It carries two lanes of one-way traffic northwards, under Ville Haute, bypassing the narrow streets and pedestrian zone in the heart of the city.
At the southern end (49°36′29″N 6°07′59″E﻿ / ﻿49.60816°N 6.13294°E﻿ / 49.60816; 6.13294﻿ (southern end of René Konen Tunnel)), the tunnel is fed by the Passerelle, which carries traffic from Gare, on the southern side of the Pétrusse valley. The tunnel's entrance is under the Judiciary City. At 100 metres (330 ft), the tunnel bears to its right, passes under the Chambre des Députés (49°36′38″N 6°07′59″E﻿ / ﻿49.61066°N 6.13300°E﻿ / 49.61066; 6.13300﻿ (middle of René Konen Tunnel)) and heads back to the left in a long, sweeping bend. At its northern end (49°36′49″N 6°07′55″E﻿ / ﻿49.61363°N 6.13197°E﻿ / 49.61363; 6.13197﻿ (northern end of René Konen Tunnel)), the tunnel emerges just to the west of the Alzette valley. The road onto which it leads then divides into two, feeding the Boulevard Royal to the west and the Côte d'Eich to the north.
On November 5, 1998, it was officially named after René Konen, a member of the Democratic Party, who served from 1979 until 1984 as Minister for Public Works in the Pierre Werner cabinet, and who initiated the tunnel's construction.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Marteling, Luc (19 December 2006). "Luxemburgische Tunnels: Über dem Standard" (PDF) (in German). d'Wort. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
# Irene Komnene Palaiologina

Irene Komnene Palaiologina (Greek: Εἰρήνη Κομνηνή Παλαιολογίνα; c. 1218–1284), after c. 1261 known by her monastic name as Eulogia (Εὐλογία), was an elder sister of the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos. Originally close to the emperor, her opposition to the Union of the Churches in 1273 led to their estrangement, and even to intrigues by Irene against Michael involving foreign rulers. As a result, she was imprisoned for the remainder of his reign. After Michael's death, she encouraged Andronikos II Palaiologos to repudiate the Union.

## Life

Irene was born around 1218, the second daughter of the megas domestikos Andronikos Palaiologos and Theodora Angelina Palaiologina. Around 1240, she married John Kantakouzenos Komnenos Angelos, who died some time before 1257. After her husband's death, Irene became a nun and assumed the monastic name Eulogia. It is not known when exactly this happened, but she was a nun by 1261.
Irene was close with her younger brother, Michael VIII Palaiologos, on whom she exerted great influence. The historian George Pachymeres reports on how she used to lull Michael to sleep with the assurance that he would be the future emperor who would recover Constantinople from the Latin Empire; in 1261, she was the one who brought him the news of the reconquest of Constantinople.
Pachymeres also stresses Irene's political influence, including on the matter of the legitimate emperor, the young John IV Laskaris. In order to safeguard the rights of Michael's son, Andronikos II Palaiologos, Irene urged her brother to have Laskaris sidelined completely. Laskaris was eventually blinded. She also played a role in the disgrace, and subsequent blinding, of the general John Makrenos. The marriage of her daughter Maria to the Bulgarian ruler Constantine Tikh in 1268/69 further enhanced her political position.
However, she rejected Michael's espousal of the Union of the Churches in 1273, and became a leader of the anti-Unionist faction at court. Her relationship with her brother turned to bitter hostility. Michael banished her to the fortress of Gregorios in the Gulf of Nicomedia. Such was the enmity between the two, that after Michael died, Irene forbade his widow Theodora to pray for him. Irene also did not hesitate to involve her son-in-law in the anti-Unionist cause: with the aid of her daughter, she incited Tikh against Michael, and even tried, without success, to form an alliance against Byzantium between Bulgaria and the Mamluk Sultanate.
After Michael died in 1282, Andronikos II Palaiologos repudiated the Union thanks, in part, to the influence of his aunt. Irene died in early December 1284.

## Family

Irene's husband John Kantakouzenos Komnenos Angelos is identified by Donald Nicol with the pinkernes John Kantakouzenos. Known children of this couple include:
* Theodora, who married (1) George Mouzalon, (2) John Raoul Petraliphas
* Maria, wife of Constantine Tikh, Tsar of Bulgaria
* Anna, wife of Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas
* Eugenia, wife of Syrgiannes, and mother of Syrgiannes Palaiologos
* a possible fifth daughter, name unknown, who married Theodore Mouzalon
# Abdel Amir Abbud Rahima

Abdel Amir Abbud Rahima was Minister of Agriculture in the cabinet appointed by the Interim Iraq Governing Council in September 2003. A Shia Muslim, Rahima hails from the city of Basra and is a member of the National Democratic Party.
# Chronopost

Chronopost International, a member of the La Poste group, provides express shipping and delivery service both domestically (in France) and internationally.
Domestic services comprise mostly next-day services, with some variation depending on the exact delivery locations, for packages and documents weighing up to 30 kilograms (66 lb).
International services vary much more by location, due to the increased distance between origin and destination and lack of a substantial distribution system at the destination. As is the case with domestic shipments, most services provide delivery for items weighing no more than 30 kg.
The Chrono Mission product line, available for both domestic and international shipments, provides for the delivery of items weighing up to 1.4 tonnes (3080 lb) and up to 14 m$^3$ (490 ft³) in size.
Chronopost has international offices in Morocco and Ivory Coast.
For some of the delivery of packages in the United States, Chronopost express packages are delivered by FedEx as International Priority.

## History

In 2018, Chronopost partnered with Japan's Yamato Holdings for refrigerated transport between France and Japan, and signed an agreement with China's SF Express to enhance service and transit times to China. The company also acquired Groupe ALP and its subsidiaries, expanding its temperature-controlled transport services. In 2019, Chronopost announced that Paris would be fully serviced by clean vehicles.
# Mindarie, South Australia

Mindarie is a small town in the Murray Mallee of South Australia between Karoonda and Loxton. The town was gazetted in 1912. The name Mindarie is believed to originate from the Dieri Aboriginal language, and possibly means "festival to invoke peace".
Mindarie was a stop on the Barmera railway line which opened in 1912. Mindarie is no longer a stop on what is now the Loxton railway line.
Mindarie school was founded in 1916, initially being taught in the town institute hall. The school received its own building in 1929. The Mindarie school has been replaced by East Murray Area School which is located about 10 km northwest of Mindarie. It educates about 50 students from Reception to Year 12 in an isolated location.
Mindarie is home to the Murray Zircon heavy mineral sands mine. The mine is Chinese owned and operated, with a 120 room mine camp located beside the Karoonda Highway, with a large disused separation plant located nearby and also visible from Karoonda Highway. The mining operation is now approximately 25k east at Galga, but know at Mercunda Mindarie Mine which was developed in late 2023 and went into full production of HMC in 2024. The mine employs around 100 direct employees and 60 contractors at the mine.
Together with nearby Halidon, it hosts the Mindarie-Halidon Races in September each year, which is known as the Melbourne Cup of the Mallee.
The August 2016 Australian census reported that Mindarie had a population of 38.
# Megalo Seirini

Megalo Seirini (Greek: Μεγάλο Σειρήνι) is a village and a community of the Grevena municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Grevena, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 405 residents in the community. The community of Megalo Seirini covers an area of 18.804 km$^2$.

## Administrative division

The community of Megalo Seirini consists of two separate settlements:
* Megalo Seirini (population 331 as of 2021)
* Mikro Seirini (population 74)

## Population

Megalo Seirini was a mixed village and a part of its population were Greek speaking Muslim Vallahades. The 1920 Greek census recorded 444 people in the village, and 100 inhabitants (18 families) were Muslim in 1923. Following the Greek–Turkish population exchange, Greek refugee families in Megalo Seirini were from Pontus (41) in 1926. The 1928 Greek census recorded 600 village inhabitants. In 1928, the refugee families numbered 41 (146 people).
# Union for a New Burkina

The Union for a New Burkina (French: Union pour un Burkina Nouveau, UBN) is a political party in Burkina Faso.

## History

The UBN was formed on 14 February 2015, based on an association established in 2011 following the 2011 Burkinabé protests. Former Minister of Sport Yacouba Ouédraogo was appointed party president. In the 2015 general elections it received 0.86% of the vote, winning one of the constituency seats (Ag Amlaouna Agali in Oudalan Province).