# 1910–11 United States Senate elections

The 1910–11 United States Senate election were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were primarily chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1910 and 1911, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. However, some states had already begun direct elections during this time. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.
In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. In conjunction with winning control of the House of Representatives for the first time since the 1892 elections, Democrats flipped 9 Senate seats. This was not enough to flip the Senate, but significantly narrowed the margin of Republican control.
In New York and Florida, the legislature failed to elect until after the beginning of the 62nd Congress on March 4. Special elections were held in six states: Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Dakota, and West Virginia.

## Result Summary

Senate party division, 62nd Congress (1911–1913):
* Majority party: Republican (50 seats)
* Minority party: Democratic (40 seats)
* Other parties: 0
* Vacant: 2
* Total seats: 92
Four seats were added in early 1912 for new states: Arizona (which elected 2 Democrats) and New Mexico (which elected 2 Republicans).

## Change in composition
### Before the elections

At the beginning of 1910.
| | | | | D$_1$ | D$_2$ | D$_3$ | D$_4$ | D$_5$ | D$_6$ |
| D$_{16}$ | D$_{15}$ | D$_{14}$ | D$_{13}$ | D$_{12}$ | D$_{11}$ | D$_{10}$ | D$_9$ | D$_8$ | D$_7$ |
| D$_{17}$ | D$_{18}$ | D$_{19}$ | D$_{20}$ | D$_{21}$ | D$_{22}$ | D$_{23}$ | D$_{24}$ Ala. Ran | D$_{25}$ Fla. Ran | D$_{26}$ La. (sp) Ran |
| R$_{57}$ W.Va. (reg) Ran | R$_{58}$ Wis. Ran | R$_{59}$ Wyo. Ran | D$_{33}$ Va. Ran | D$_{32}$ Texas Ran | D$_{31}$ Tenn. Ran | D$_{30}$ N.D. (sp) Ran | D$_{29}$ Miss. (sp) Retired | D$_{28}$ Miss. (reg) Ran | D$_{27}$ Md. Ran |
| R$_{56}$ W.Va. (sp) Retired | R$_{55}$ Wash. Retired | R$_{54}$ Vt. Ran | R$_{53}$ Utah Ran | R$_{52}$ R.I. Retired | R$_{51}$ Pa. Ran | R$_{50}$ Ohio Ran | R$_{49}$ N.D. (reg) Ran | R$_{48}$ N.Y. Ran | R$_{47}$ N.J. Ran |
| R$_{47}$ N.J. Ran |||||||||
| R$_{37}$ Del. Ran | R$_{38}$ Ind. Ran | R$_{39}$ Maine Ran | R$_{40}$ Mass. Ran | R$_{41}$ Mich. Ran | R$_{42}$ Minn. Ran | R$_{43}$ Mo. Retired | R$_{44}$ Mont. Retired | R$_{45}$ Neb. Ran | R$_{46}$ Nev. Ran |
| R$_{36}$ Conn. Ran | R$_{35}$ Calif. Retired | R$_{34}$ | R$_{33}$ | R$_{32}$ | R$_{31}$ | R$_{30}$ | R$_{29}$ | R$_{28}$ | R$_{27}$ |
| R$_{17}$ | R$_{18}$ | R$_{19}$ | R$_{20}$ | R$_{21}$ | R$_{22}$ | R$_{23}$ | R$_{24}$ | R$_{25}$ | R$_{26}$ |
| R$_{16}$ | R$_{15}$ | R$_{14}$ | R$_{13}$ | R$_{12}$ | R$_{11}$ | R$_{10}$ | R$_9$ | R$_8$ | R$_7$ |
| | | | | R$_1$ | R$_2$ | R$_3$ | R$_4$ | R$_5$ | R$_6$ |

### Elections results

| | | | | D$_1$ | D$_2$ | D$_3$ | D$_4$ | D$_5$ | D$_6$ |
| D$_{16}$ | D$_{15}$ | D$_{14}$ | D$_{13}$ | D$_{12}$ | D$_{11}$ | D$_{10}$ | D$_9$ | D$_8$ | D$_7$ |
| D$_{17}$ | D$_{18}$ | D$_{19}$ | D$_{20}$ | D$_{21}$ | D$_{22}$ | D$_{23}$ | D$_{24}$ Ala. Re-elected | D$_{25}$ Ind. Gain | D$_{26}$ La. (sp) Elected |
| D$_{36}$ Tenn. Hold | D$_{35}$ Ohio Gain | D$_{34}$ N.J. Gain | D$_{33}$ Neb. Gain | D$_{32}$ Mont. Gain | D$_{31}$ Mo. Gain | D$_{30}$ Miss. (sp) Hold | D$_{29}$ Miss. (reg) Hold | D$_{28}$ Md. Re-elected | D$_{27}$ Maine Gain |
| D$_{37}$ Texas Re-elected | D$_{38}$ Va. Re-elected | D$_{39}$ W.Va. (reg) Gain | D$_{40}$ W.Va. (sp) Gain | V$_1$ Fla. D Loss | V$_2$ N.Y. R Loss | R$_{51}$ Wyo. Re-elected | R$_{50}$ Wis. Re-elected | R$_{49}$ Wash. Hold | R$_{48}$ Vt. Re-elected |
| R$_{48}$ Vt. Re-elected |||||||||
| R$_{37}$ Del. Re-elected | R$_{38}$ Mass. Re-elected | R$_{39}$ Mich. Hold | R$_{40}$ Minn. Re-elected | R$_{41}$ Nev. Re-elected | R$_{42}$ N.D. (reg) Re-elected | R$_{43}$ N.D. (sp) Gain | R$_{44}$ Pa. Re-elected | R$_{45}$ R.I. Hold | R$_{46}$ Utah Re-elected |
| R$_{36}$ Conn. Hold | R$_{35}$ Calif. Hold | R$_{34}$ | R$_{33}$ | R$_{32}$ | R$_{31}$ | R$_{30}$ | R$_{29}$ | R$_{28}$ | R$_{27}$ |
| R$_{17}$ | R$_{18}$ | R$_{19}$ | R$_{20}$ | R$_{21}$ | R$_{22}$ | R$_{23}$ | R$_{24}$ | R$_{25}$ | R$_{26}$ |
| R$_{16}$ | R$_{15}$ | R$_{14}$ | R$_{13}$ | R$_{12}$ | R$_{11}$ | R$_{10}$ | R$_9$ | R$_8$ | R$_7$ |
| | | | | R$_1$ | R$_2$ | R$_3$ | R$_4$ | R$_5$ | R$_6$ |

### Beginning of the next Congress

| | | | | D$_1$ | D$_2$ | D$_3$ | D$_4$ | D$_5$ | D$_6$ |
| D$_{16}$ | D$_{15}$ | D$_{14}$ | D$_{13}$ | D$_{12}$ | D$_{11}$ | D$_{10}$ | D$_9$ | D$_8$ | D$_7$ |
| D$_{17}$ | D$_{18}$ | D$_{19}$ | D$_{20}$ | D$_{21}$ | D$_{22}$ | D$_{23}$ | D$_{24}$ | D$_{25}$ | D$_{26}$ |
| D$_{36}$ | D$_{35}$ | D$_{34}$ | D$_{33}$ | D$_{32}$ | D$_{31}$ | D$_{30}$ | D$_{29}$ | D$_{28}$ | D$_{27}$ |
| D$_{37}$ | D$_{38}$ | D$_{39}$ | D$_{40}$ Fla. Appointed | V$_1$ Colo. D Loss | V$_2$ | R$_{50}$ | R$_{49}$ | R$_{48}$ | R$_{47}$ |
| Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | R$_{46}$ |
| R$_{37}$ | R$_{38}$ | R$_{39}$ | R$_{40}$ | R$_{41}$ | R$_{42}$ | R$_{43}$ | R$_{44}$ | R$_{45}$ | R$_{46}$ |
| R$_{36}$ | R$_{35}$ | R$_{34}$ | R$_{33}$ | R$_{32}$ | R$_{31}$ | R$_{30}$ | R$_{29}$ | R$_{28}$ | R$_{27}$ |
| R$_{17}$ | R$_{18}$ | R$_{19}$ | R$_{20}$ | R$_{21}$ | R$_{22}$ | R$_{23}$ | R$_{24}$ | R$_{25}$ | R$_{26}$ |
| R$_{16}$ | R$_{15}$ | R$_{14}$ | R$_{13}$ | R$_{12}$ | R$_{11}$ | R$_{10}$ | R$_9$ | R$_8$ | R$_7$ |
| | | | | R$_1$ | R$_2$ | R$_3$ | R$_4$ | R$_5$ | R$_6$ |
| Key | D$_#$ Democratic R$_#$ Republican V$_#$ Vacant |

## Race summaries
### Special elections during the 61st Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1910 or in 1911 before March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Mississippi (Class 2) | James Gordon | Democratic | 1909 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected February 23, 1910. Democratic hold. | ▌Y LeRoy Percy (Democratic) Unopposed |
| Louisiana (Class 3) | John Thornton | Democratic | 1910 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected December 6, 1910. | ▌Y John Thornton (Democratic) 106 ▌Robert F. Broussard (Democratic) 28 ▌Lee E. Thomas (Democratic) 11 ▌John D. Wilkinson (Democratic) 6 ▌Jared Sanders (Democratic) 1 |
| North Dakota (Class 3) | William E. Purcell | Democratic | 1910 (appointed) | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Republican gain. Winner took office February 11, 1911, upon resigning from the U.S. House. | ▌Y Asle Gronna (Republican) 130 ▌William E. Purcell (Democratic) 19 |
| West Virginia (Class 2) | Davis Elkins | Republican | 1910 (appointed) | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected February 1, 1911. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Clarence W. Watson (Democratic) 70 ▌W. P. Hubbard (Republican) 11 ▌John W. Davis (Democratic) 7 ▌Isaac T. Mann (Republican) 9 ▌Davis Elkins (Republican) 8 ▌W. M. O. Dawson (Republican) 2 ▌Howard Sutherland (Republican) 2 ▌Joseph H. Gaines (Republican) 1 ▌A. B. White (Republican) 1 |
In this election, the winner were seated in the 63rd Congress, starting March 4, 1913.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Alabama | John H. Bankhead | Democratic | 1907 (appointed) 1907 (special) | Incumbent re-elected early January 17, 1911, for the term beginning March 4, 1913. | ▌Y John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed |

### Races leading to the 62nd Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1911; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| California | Frank Flint | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 10, 1911. Republican hold. | ▌Y John D. Works (Republican) 92 ▌Albert Spalding (Republican) 21 ▌John E. Raker (Democratic) 3 ▌William Kent (Democratic) 1 ▌Edwin A. Meserve (Republican) 1 |
| Connecticut | Morgan Bulkeley | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent lost renomination and re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Republican hold. | ▌Y George P. McLean (Republican) 177 ▌Homer Stille Cummings (Democratic) 110 ▌Morgan Bulkeley (Republican) 1 |
| Delaware | Henry A. du Pont | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1911. | ▌Y Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 31 ▌Willard Saulsbury Jr. (Democratic) 21 |
| Florida | James Taliaferro | Democratic | 1899 (special) 1905 (appointed) 1905 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. New senator was appointed to begin the term. | ▌Nathan P. Bryan (Democratic) |
| Indiana | Albert J. Beveridge | Republican | 1899 1905 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Democratic gain. | ▌Y John W. Kern (Democratic) 90 ▌Albert J. Beveridge (Republican) 60 |
| Maine | Eugene Hale | Republican | 1881 1887 1893 1899 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Charles F. Johnson (Democratic) 107 ▌Frederick A. Powers (Republican) 67 |
| Maryland | Isidor Rayner | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1910. | ▌Y Isidor Rayner (Democratic) 19 ▌William P. Jackson (Republican) |
| Massachusetts | Henry Cabot Lodge | Republican | 1893 1899 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1911. | ▌Y Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 146 ▌Sherman L. Whipple (Democratic) 121 ▌Butler Ames (Republican) 7 ▌A. Lawrence Lowell (Republican) 2 Scattering 3 |
| Michigan | Julius C. Burrows | Republican | 1895 (special) 1899 1905 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Republican hold. | ▌Y Charles E. Townsend (Republican) 112 ▌John Winship (Democratic) 14 |
| Minnesota | Moses E. Clapp | Republican | 1901 (special) 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1911. | ▌Y Moses E. Clapp (Republican) 161 ▌R. T. O'Connor (Democratic) 13 ▌W. S. Hammond (Democratic) 3 ▌Thomas Van Lear (Socialist) 1 |
| Mississippi | Hernando Money | Democratic | 1897 (appointed) 1899 1904 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected early January 21, 1908. Democratic hold. | ▌Y John Sharp Williams (Democratic) Unopposed |
| Missouri | William Warner | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Democratic gain. | ▌Y James A. Reed (Democratic) 104 ▌John C. McKinley (Republican) 70 |
| Montana | Thomas H. Carter | Republican | 1895 1901 (lost) 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected March 2, 1911. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Henry L. Myers (Democratic) 53 ▌Thomas H. Carter (Republican) 45 Other 3 |
| Nebraska | Elmer Burkett | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1911, ratifying the popular selection made in 1910 state elections. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Gilbert Hitchcock (Democratic) 117 ▌Elmer Burkett (Republican) 10 ▌Daniel W. Cook (Republican) 1 Absent and not voting 5In state election: ▌Gilbert Hitchcock (Democratic) 54.58% ▌Elmer Burkett (Republican) 45.42% |
| Nevada | George S. Nixon | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911, ratifying the popular selection made in 1910 state elections. | ▌Y George S. Nixon (Republican) UnopposedIn state election: ▌George S. Nixon (Republican) 48.03% ▌Key Pittman (Democratic) 42.35% ▌Jud Harris (Socialist) 9.62% |
| New Jersey | John Kean | Republican | 1899 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1911. Democratic gain. | ▌Y James E. Martine (Democratic) 47 ▌Edward C. Stokes (Republican) 21 ▌John W. Griggs (Republican) 5 ▌James Smith Jr. (Democratic) 3 Others ▌John Kean (Republican) 1 ▌J. Franklin Fort (Republican) 1 ▌Mahlon Pitney (Republican) 1 |
| New York | Chauncey Depew | Republican | 1899 1905 | Incumbent ran for re-election, but legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. A new senator was elected late; see below. | ▌Chauncey Depew (Republican) ▌William F. Sheehan (Tammany Democrat) Others, see below |
| North Dakota | Porter J. McCumber | Republican | 1899 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1911. | ▌Y Porter J. McCumber (Republican) 129 ▌John Bruegger (Democratic) 20 |
| Ohio | Charles W. F. Dick | Republican | 1904 (special) 1904 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 10, 1911. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Atlee Pomerene (Democratic) 83 ▌Harry M. Daugherty (Republican) 17 ▌Charles W. F. Dick (Republican) 9 ▌Charles P. Taft (Republican) 7 ▌Frank Zumstein (Republican) 3 ▌Joseph G. Butler Jr. (Republican) 2 ▌Joseph B. Foraker (Republican) 2 ▌Warren G. Harding (Republican) 2 ▌James R. Garfield (Republican) 2 Others ▌Renick W. Dunlap (Republican) 1 ▌Charles H. Grosvenor (Republican) 1 ▌R. R. Kinkade (Republican) 1 ▌Charles W. Stewart (Republican) 1 ▌Brand Whitlock (Independent) 1 |
| Pennsylvania | George T. Oliver | Republican | 1909 (special) | Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1911. | ▌Y George T. Oliver (Republican) 181 ▌J. Henry Cochran (Democratic) 35 ▌Julian Kennedy (Democratic) 25 ▌James B. Riley (Democratic) 3 ▌William Flinn (Republican) 2 Three others, 1 vote each; see below |
| Rhode Island | Nelson W. Aldrich | Republican | 1881 (special) 1886 1892 1898 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1911. Republican hold. | ▌Y Henry F. Lippitt (Republican) 72 ▌Arthur L. Brown (Democratic) 44 ▌LeBaron B. Colt (Republican) 23 |
| Tennessee | James B. Frazier | Democratic | 1905 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 23, 1911. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Luke Lea (Ind. Democratic) 68 ▌Benton McMillin (Democratic) 48 ▌L. D. Tyson (Democratic) 11 ▌Gilbert D. Raine (Democratic) 2 ▌J. R. Woolridge (Republican) 2 |
| Texas | Charles A. Culberson | Democratic | 1899 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911. | ▌Y Charles A. Culberson (Democratic) Unopposed |
| Utah | George Sutherland | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1911. | ▌Y George Sutherland (Republican) 54 ▌O. W. Powers (Democratic) 9 |
| Vermont | Carroll S. Page | Republican | 1908 (special) | Incumbent re-elected October 18, 1910. | ▌Y Carroll S. Page (Republican) 221 ▌Charles A. Prouty (Republican) 1 ▌David J. Foster (Republican) 1 |
| Virginia | John W. Daniel | Democratic | 1887 1893 1899 1904 | Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1910, but died June 29, 1910. A new senator was appointed to finish the term, and reappointed to begin the new term. The new senator was subsequently elected to finish the new term. | ▌Y John W. Daniel (Democratic) 99 ▌C. Bascom Slemp (Republican) 16 |
| Washington | Samuel H. Piles | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Republican hold. | ▌Y Miles Poindexter (Republican) 166 ▌George F. Cotterill (Democratic) 12 |
| West Virginia | Nathan B. Scott | Republican | 1899 1905 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 1, 1911. Democratic gain. | ▌Y William E. Chilton (Democratic) 72 ▌Nathan B. Scott (Republican) 28 ▌C. C. Beury (Republican) 5 ▌John W. Davis (Democratic) 3 ▌Lewis Bennett (Democratic) 3 ▌Nathan Goff Jr. (Republican) 1 ▌Joseph H. Gaines (Republican) 1 |
| Wisconsin | Robert M. La Follette | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911. | ▌Y Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 83 ▌Charles H. Weisse (Democratic) 31 ▌Henry Kleist (Social Democratic) 14 ▌Frederick C. Winkler (Republican) 1 |
| Wyoming | Clarence D. Clark | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911. | ▌Y Clarence D. Clark (Republican) 46 ▌John B. Kendrick (Democratic) 34 |

### Elections during the 62nd Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1911 after March 4; ordered by date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| New York (Class 1) | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected late March 31, 1911 on the sixty-fourth ballot. Democratic gain. | ▌Y James A. O'Gorman (Democratic) 112 ▌Chauncey Depew (Republican) 80 |
| Iowa (Class 2) | Lafayette Young | Republican | 1911 (appointed) | Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected April 12, 1911. Republican hold. | ▌Y William S. Kenyon (Republican) 85 ▌Claude R. Porter (Democratic) 51 ▌Horace E. Deemer (Republican) 19 |
| Florida (Class 1) | Nathan P. Bryan | Democratic | 1911 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected late April 18, 1911. | ▌Y Nathan P. Bryan (Democratic) Unopposed |
| Georgia (Class 3) | Joseph M. Terrell | Democratic | 1910 (appointed) | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected July 12, 1911. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Hoke Smith (Democratic) 155 ▌Joseph M. Terrell (Democratic) 51 ▌W. A. Covington (Democratic) 6 ▌Thomas E. Watson (Populist) 7 ▌John M. Holder (Democratic) 1 |

## Alabama

Democrat John H. Bankhead was re-elected early January 17, 1911 for the 1913 term.

## California

Incumbent Senator Frank P. Flint, who had been elected in 1905, retired. Republican John D. Works received a plurality of votes cast at a Republican state primary. Republican A. G. Spalding, however, carried a majority of the legislative districts represented by Republicans. In the legislature, Works was elected January 10, 1911, with 92 votes over Spalding's 21 votes, and a scattering of votes for various Democrats.

## Connecticut

Republican incumbent Morgan Bulkeley, who had been elected in 1905, lost renomination in a Republican legislative caucus 113–64 to George P. McLean.
McLean was then elected January 17, 1911, with 177 votes to Democrat Homer Stille Cummings's 110 votes.

## Delaware

First-term Republican Henry A. du Pont was re-elected January 25, 1911. He beat Democrat Willard Saulsbury Jr..
* Y Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 31 votes
* Willard Saulsbury Jr. (Democratic) 21 votes
Saulsbury would be elected in 1913 to the other Delaware senate seat. Du Pont would lose re-election in 1916, the first popular Senate election in Delaware.

## Florida

In June 1910, incumbent Democrat James Taliaferro lost a non-binding primary to former Governor Napoleon B. Broward for the term which started on March 4, 1911. Broward died in October. In early February 1911, Nathan P. Bryan won a non-binding primary for the seat, defeating William A. Blount 19,991 to 19,381. The governor then appointed Bryan to fill the vacancy.
In April 1911, the Florida Legislature unanimously elected Bryan to the remainder of the term.

## Georgia (special)

Three-term Democrat Alexander S. Clay died November 13, 1910, and Democratic former-Governor of Georgia Joseph M. Terrell was appointed November 17, 1910, to continue the term, pending a special election.
Democratic Governor of Georgia M. Hoke Smith won the July 12, 1911, special election to finish the term that would end in 1915.
* Y M. Hoke Smith (Democratic) 155 votes
* Joseph M. Terrell (Democratic) 51 votes
* W.A. Covington (Democratic) 6 votes
* Thomas E. Watson 7 votes
* John M. Holder (Democratic) 1 vote
Smith had just begun his gubernatorial term July 1, 1911, when he was elected to the Senate. Although formally elected and qualified, Smith chose not to take office until November 16, 1911, so he could continue being Governor of Georgia.
Smith would later be re-elected in 1914 and would serve through 1921.

## Maryland

Isidor Rayner won election by an unknown margin for the Class 1 seat.

## Mississippi
### Mississippi (regular)

Three-term Democrat Hernando Money retired from the class 1 seat. In 1908 the Mississippi legislature had already unanimously elected Democratic congressman John Sharp Williams early for the next term.

### Mississippi (special)

Three-term Democrat Anselm J. McLaurin died December 22, 1909, and Democrat James Gordon was appointed December 27, 1909, to continue the term pending a special election, in which he was not a candidate. The day after his appointment to the class 2 seat, he was identified as a former fugitive who had been sought as a suspect in the conspiracy to assassinate President Abraham Lincoln. Gordon was listed in 1865 by the United States government as a fugitive, and a reward of $10,000 had been offered for his capture, dead or alive. Later that year, he was ruled out of the suspects. Gordon then admitted that he had met with John Wilkes Booth in Montreal in March 1865, and had discussed plans to kidnap Lincoln, but denied any discussion of murder.
A plurality of legislators backed the white supremacist James K. Vardaman, but the fractured remainder sought to thwart his extreme racial policies. A majority united behind Percy to block Vardaman, instead electing Democrat LeRoy Percy February 23, 1910, to finish the term that would end in 1913.
Percy would later lose renomination in 1912 to the next term.

## Montana

Democrat Henry L. Myers was elected on the 80th joint ballot by the Montana state legislature, winning 53 votes to incumbent Republican Thomas H. Carter's 45. Carter had led on the first ballot with 31 votes to Democrat Thomas J. Walsh's 28.

## Nebraska

Democratic nominee Gilbert Hitchcock defeated Republican incumbent Senator Elmer Burkett by a very narrow margin of 9.16%. Gilbert Hitchcock was the first Democrat ever to have won a United States Senate seat from Nebraska and he was the first non-Republican to have won a United States Senate seat from Nebraska since William Vincent Allen in 1893.

## New York

Republican incumbent Chauncey M. Depew had been re-elected to this seat in 1905, and his term would expire on March 3, 1911. At the State election in November 1910, John Alden Dix was elected Governor, the first Democrat to hold the position since 1894. Democrats also unexpectedly carried the state legislative elections, and controlled both the Senate and the Assembly. The 134th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to October 6, 1911, in Albany, New York. Democratic Ex-Lieutenant Governor William F. Sheehan announced his candidacy on December 30, 1910. Before the State election, when a Democratic victory seemed to be improbable, Sheehan had made an agreement with Tammany Hall leader Charles Francis Murphy that the Tammany men would support Sheehan for the U.S. Senate. The Democratic caucus met on January 16 and nominated Sheehan over Edward M. Shepard and D. Cady Herrick. The Republican caucus met on January 16 and re-nominated Chauncey M. Depew unanimously.
From January 17 through March 3, the legislature was deadlocked through 39 ballots, with anti-Tammany Democrats led by newly elected State Senator Franklin Delano Roosevelt refusing to support Sheehan. On March 3, 1911, Depew's term ended.
The deadlock continued over another 19 ballots despite the vacant seat. Democrats then held a new caucus and nominated James A. O'Gorman, a justice of the New York Supreme Court. O'Gorman was elected over Depew on March 31, 1911.
| Candidate | Party | 64th joint ballot Mar 31 |
| Chauncey M. Depew | Republican | 80 |
| Y James A. O'Gorman | Democratic | Y 112 |

## Pennsylvania

The Pennsylvania election was held January 17, 1911. Incumbent George T. Oliver was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.
Pennsylvania election, January 17, 1911 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | George T. Oliver (Incumbent) | 181 | 70.43% |
| | Democratic | J. Henry Cochran | 35 | 13.62% |
| | Democratic | Julian Kennedy | 25 | 9.73% |
| | Democratic | James B. Riley | 3 | 1.17% |
| | Republican | William Flinn | 2 | 0.78% |
| | Democratic | William H. Berry | 1 | 0.39% |
| | Democratic | George W. Guthrie | 1 | 0.39% |
| | Socialist | Joseph E. Cohen | 1 | 0.39% |
| | N/A | Not voting | 8 | 3.11% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 257 | 100% |

## Wisconsin

| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Wisconsin (Class 1) | Robert M. La Follette | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911. | ▌Y Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 63.2% ▌ Charles H. Weisse (Democratic) 23.3% ▌ John C. Kleist (Social Dem.) 10.5% ▌ F. C. Winkler (Republican) 0.7% Absent 3% |