OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James L. Gaudino

James L. Gaudino is an American retired academic administrator who was the 14th President of Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington, from 2009 to 2021.

## Education

Gaudino earned a bachelor's degree from the United States Air Force Academy and served in California, Turkey, and Germany. He then earned a master's degree in management from Troy University and a PhD in communications from Michigan State University.

## Career

Gaudino's research focuses on public relations and public opinion formation. Prior to joining Central Washington University, Gaudino founded the College of Communication and Information at Kent State University and worked on the faculty of the Michigan State University Department of Advertising. He was executive director of the National Communication Association. Gaudino took office as president on January 1, 2009. In 2020, Gaudino announced that he would retire from his position in 2021. He retired on June 6, 2021, and was succeeded the following day by James Wohlpart.
# Jean-Claude Paul

Lt. Col. Jean-Claude Paul (1938–39 – 7 November 1988) was a Haitian military officer alleged to have been involved in the illegal drug trade in Haiti. He was indicted by a Miami court on 10 March 1988 for allegedly trafficking cocaine.
Paul's battalion was responsible for security in Port-au-Prince. The New York Times wrote that "Witnesses say it was his troops who opened fired several times on street protesters during the summer of 1987, killing more than 30 people. To what extent his troops took part in the killing that halted elections in Haiti last fall is unclear. But his soldiers did not provide protection then or during an attack on a Roman Catholic church in Port-au-Prince this month."
Paul was commander of the Dessalines barracks until 14 June 1988, when he was transferred by Henri Namphy (as part of a number of military reassignments by Namphy) to army headquarters and made Assistant Head of the General Staff. Paul telephoned President Leslie Manigat to protest the move, and the following day Manigat issued a statement cancelling the changes, and saying that he, as constitutional head of the army, had not been consulted. On 19 June Manigat retired Namphy, saying he had been preparing a coup. On 20 June Namphy ousted Manigat in the June 1988 Haitian coup d'état, declaring himself President with Col. Jean-Claude Paul at his side. Paul was found dead in his home in suburban La Boule, Haiti on 7 November 1988. He was 49 years old and is believed to have been poisoned.
# Thi Wang railway station

Thi Wang railway station (Thai: สถานีรถไฟที่วัง) is a railway station located in Thi Wang Subdistrict, Thung Song District, Nakhon Si Thammarat. The station is a class 3 railway station and is located 765.574 km (475.7 mi) from Thon Buri railway station.

## Train services

* Rapid train No. 167 / 168 Bangkok–Kantang–Bangkok
# Copenhagen School

The Copenhagen School is a term given to "schools" of theory originating in Copenhagen, Denmark. In at least four different scientific disciplines a theoretical approach originating in Copenhagen has been so influential that they have been dubbed "the Copenhagen School"
* Copenhagen School (quantum physics) — centered on the theories developed by Niels Bohr
* Copenhagen School (theology) — centered on a theoretical framework developed by Thomas L. Thompson, Niels Peter Lemche and others. Also called the School of Minimalist Theology. See Biblical minimalism
* Copenhagen School (international relations), security studies — centered on ideas by Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver and Jaap de Wilde.
* Copenhagen School (linguistics) — centered on the linguistic theories developed by Louis Hjelmslev, and later formed into the "Copenhagen school of functional linguistics".
* Copenhagen School (painting)
# Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left

The Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left (French: Union des clubs pour le renouveau de la gauche, UCRG) was a socialist club in France led by Alain Savary.
The UCRG included clubs led by Alain Savary and Pierre Bérégovoy. The UCRG joined the Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left before merging into the new PS at the Alfortville Congress.
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# Protestant Church of Algeria

The Protestant Church of Algeria (EPA French: Eglise protestante d'Algérie) is a federation of Protestant churches from the Reformed and Methodist traditions established in 1972 in Algeria. It is officially recognised by the government of Algeria as the Association of the Protestant Church of Algeria (French: Association de l'Eglise protestante d'Algérie).
While exact numbers are not precise, estimates of members range from 100,000 to 150,000 in about 40 to 50 parishes nationwide, primarily in the northern coastal region of the country.

## History

Protestantism has been present in Algeria since the early days of French rule in Algeria. The first synod of the Reformed churches was held in 1843 and the French Methodists began mission work in Béjaïa around 1883. By 1914, American Methodist missionaries were also well established in Algeria. After the traumatic independence of Algeria, many local Christians fled the country and by 1970, mission run schools and properties have been nationalised.

### Federation

In 1972, the French Reformed communities and the Methodist communities in Algeria federated into a single body known as the Protestant Church of Algeria. The EPA was officially recognised by the Algerian authorities in 1974 as representing the Protestant community in the country.

### De-registration and church closures

In 1990, a new law, Ordinance 90–31, was passed in Algeria requiring religious organizations to update their status. The EPA attempted to do so but failed and was subsequently de-registered by the Algerian government, making it an illegal organization. In 2006, Ordinance 06-03 was passed in Algeria to regulate religious places of worship to register with the government in order to operate. This resulted in churches being closed and regular ministry to Christians being curtailed, particularly in Kabylie.
The EPA and other Christian communities in Algeria continued to receive harassment by Algerian government throughout the period with churches being closed and Christians arrested and charged for conversion, proselytization, and blasphemy The closures came in waves, including a wave that lasted from November, 2017 to October, 2019 and resulted in eighteen churches being forcibly closed.

### Re-legalisation

On 18 July 2011, the EPA was granted re-registration by the Algerian government. This has opened the door for formal dialogue between the EPA and the Algerian government on the issues faced by Algerian Christians in the country, including initial discussions on reform and the possible abolition of Ordinance 06–03.

## Affiliations

The EPA is affiliated with the following bodies and participates in ecumenical work:
* World Council of Churches
* World Evangelical Alliance
* Middle East Council of Churches
* Fellowship of Middle East Evangelical Churches
* All Africa Conference of Churches
* World Communion of Reformed Churches
* World Methodist Council
# Sisaket

Sisaket (Thai: ศรีสะเกษ, RTGS: Si Sa Ket, pronounced; Northern Khmer: ซีซะเกด) is a town municipality in northeast Thailand, incorporating Mueang Nuea and Mueang Tai Subdistricts and parts of Cham, Nong Khrok, Pho, Phon kha, and Ya Plong Subdistricts, all in Mueang Sisaket district, the capital of Sisaket province. As of 2017, it has a population of 40,117.

## History

The municipality was created by a royal decree that took effect on 29 November 1936 and was then named Khu Khan after the province. The municipality covered the subdistricts of Mueang Nuea and Mueang Tai, with the area of 3.26 km$^2$.
On 6 March 1939, the municipality was renamed Sisaket, following the renaming of the province the year before.
On 12 March 1987, the municipality was extended to parts of Cham, Nong Khrok, Pho, Phon kha, and Ya Plong Subdistricts, with the total area of 36.66 km$^2$.

## Transport

Sisaket is on the northeastern railway line from Bangkok's central station, Hua Lamphong Railway Station to Warin Chamrap District, and also has frequent service to and from Bangkok's Northern Bus Terminal (Mo Chit Mai), with bus connections to all the northern and northeastern provinces.

## Climate

Climate data for Sisaket (2006–2021) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.1 (88.0) | 33.5 (92.3) | 35.7 (96.3) | 36.5 (97.7) | 35.1 (95.2) | 34.0 (93.2) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.4 (90.3) | 31.9 (89.4) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.7 (89.1) | 30.5 (86.9) | 33.1 (91.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) | 26.1 (79.0) | 28.6 (83.5) | 29.8 (85.6) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.1 (84.4) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.3 (79.3) | 24.3 (75.7) | 27.4 (81.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.7 (67.5) | 22.9 (73.2) | 24.8 (76.6) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.1 (77.2) | 25.0 (77.0) | 24.7 (76.5) | 23.8 (74.8) | 21.8 (71.2) | 19.0 (66.2) | 23.0 (73.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.9 (0.11) | 12.9 (0.51) | 26.3 (1.04) | 69.3 (2.73) | 210.2 (8.28) | 178.2 (7.02) | 248.9 (9.80) | 260.9 (10.27) | 288.6 (11.36) | 125.7 (4.95) | 21.0 (0.83) | 3.1 (0.12) | 1,448 (57.02) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 14 | 15 | 18 | 20 | 19 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 114 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 68 | 66 | 66 | 69 | 76 | 78 | 80 | 83 | 85 | 80 | 73 | 70 | 75 |
| Source: Soil Resources Survey and Research Division ||||||||||||||
# Crown Council of Monaco

The Crown Council (French: Conseil de la Couronne; Monégasque: Cunsiyu d’a Curuna) of Monaco is a seven-member administrative body which meets at least twice annually to advise the prince of Monaco on various domestic and international affairs. It is one of three such councils designated by the Constitution of Monaco, along with the National Council (Conseil national) and the Communal Council (Conseil communal).

## Membership

There are seven total members of the Crown Council. The Prince appoints the council's president and three other members; the final three members are chosen amongst candidates put forward by the National Council.

## Affairs

Though the Crown Council is simply an advisory committee and has no legislative power, the prince must consult it before signing international treaties, dissolving the National Council, naturalizing citizens, or making certain other executive decisions.
At the end of March 2005, the Crown Council carried out what may have been one of its most far-reaching acts. Rainier III, the sovereign prince since 1949, had for some weeks been seriously ill in hospital in Monaco and the Crown Council established that Rainier was temporarily incapable of ruling. (During the period of Rainier III's incapacity, his doctors in Monaco were agreed that his ill health showed little signs of improving and, agreeing with eminent Parisian doctors who were called to give their independent opinions.)
Then-Hereditary Prince Albert was informed of the Crown Council's incapacity finding regarding Rainier III and, following the Constitution, was duly called upon to rule over Monaco as regent.
The Crown Council noted, nevertheless, that if the health of Rainier III were to improve sufficiently, he would be in a position to re-assume his functions as ruler.
Prince Albert's regency lasted but a few days into April 2005, when Rainier III died at the age of 82. He was then formally succeeded as Monaco's sovereign by Albert in his own right as Prince Albert II.
# Ekaette

Ekaette is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Angela Ekaette, Nigerian ballet dancer
* Ufot Ekaette (born 1939), Nigerian government official
* Eme Ufot Ekaette (born 1945), Nigerian politician
# Arrondissement of Tielt

The Arrondissement of Tielt (Dutch: Arrondissement Tielt; French: Arrondissement de Tielt) is one of the eight administrative arrondissements in the Province of West Flanders, Belgium.

## History

The Arrondissement of Tielt was created in 1818 and originally comprised the cantons of Ruiselede and Tielt, which were ceded from the Arrondissement of Bruges, and the canton of Meulebeke, which was ceded from the Arrondissement of Kortrijk. In 1823, the Arrondissement of Torhout and Wakken ceased to exist and, as a result, a number of municipalities which had previously been a part of the Arrondissement of Torhout and the canton of Oostrozebeke were added to the arrondissement.
The municipality of Ardooie was added in 1977 from the Arrondissement of Roeselare.

## Municipalities

The administrative arrondissement of Tielt consists of the following municipalities:
* Ardooie
* Dentergem
* Meulebeke
* Oostrozebeke
* Pittem
* Ruiselede
* Tielt
* Wielsbeke
* Wingene
# Kamyshlov

Kamyshlov or Qamışlı (Russian: Камышло́в, Tatar: Камышлы, Qamışlı) is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Pyshma River (Ob's basin) at its confluence with the Kamyshlov River. Population: 26,870 (2010 Census); 28,914 (2002 Census); 33,462 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was founded in 1668 Kamyshevsky ostrog. From 1687 it had been known as Kamyshlovskaya sloboda. Town status was granted to it in 1781.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of the administrative divisions, Kamyshlov serves as the administrative center of Kamyshlovsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Town of Kamyshlov—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the Town of Kamyshlov is incorporated as Kamyshlovsky Urban Okrug.
# Surfactant protein A

Surfactant protein A is an innate immune system collectin. It is water-soluble and has collagen-like domains similar to SP-D. It is part of the innate immune system and is used to opsonize bacterial cells in the alveoli marking them for phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. SP-A may also play a role in negative feedback limiting the secretion of pulmonary surfactant. SP-A is not required for pulmonary surfactant to function but does confer immune effects to the organism.

## During parturition

The role of surfactant protein A (SP-A) in childbirth is indicated in studies with mice. Mice which gestate for 19 days typically show signs of SP-A in amniotic fluid at around 16 days. If SP-A is injected into the uterus at 15 days, mice typically deliver early. Inversely, an SP-A inhibitor injection causes notable delays in birth.
The presence of surfactant protein A seemed to trigger an inflammatory response in the uterus of the mice, but later studies found an anti-inflammatory response in humans. In fact, the level of SP-A in a human uterus typically decreases during labor.

## Immune functions

Research on SP-A has been done mainly in rodents including mice and rats. This research has shown that mice deficient in SP-A are more susceptible to infections from group B streptoccoal organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and likely other organisms. The immune functions of SP-A are time-, temperature-, and concentration-dependent.

## Location

SP-A is found in the pulmonary surfactant in lungs. SP-A and SP-D are also present in extrapulmonary tissues.
# United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire

The United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire (French: Mission des Nations unies en Côte d'Ivoire, MINUCI) was a peacekeeping mission whose objective was to facilitate the implementation of the Linas-Marcoussis Agreement, as well as establishing a military component to complement "the operations of the French and ECOWAS forces" in Côte d'Ivoire. The mission was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1479 on 13 May 2003. The mission was succeeded by the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) on 4 April 2004.

## History

The First Ivorian Civil War began in September 2002. In response to defense agreements with Côte d'Ivoire, dating back to independence, France deployed a military force under Opération Licorne. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) also deployed a military force the ECOWAS Mission in Côte d'Ivoire (ECOMICI). These two military forces were to serve as peacekeepers and were later tasked to keep the factions of the civil war separated while the January 2003 Linas-Marcoussis Agreement was implemented. In May 2003, the United Nations Security Council determined that the conflict in Côte d'Ivoire continued to be a threat to international peace and security and passed United Nations Security Council Resolution 1479 establishing the United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire. This mission was to complement the mission of the existing French and ECOWAS forces.
# Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment

The Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment (FREE), based in Gallatin Gateway, Montana, is an American think tank that promotes free-market environmentalism. FREE emphasizes reliance on market mechanisms and private property rights, rather than on regulation, for protection of the environment. Its chairperson and founder, John Baden, stresses decentralization: a shift of control from what he calls "green platonic despots" in the federal government to "local interests," including environmental groups. Citing conservation efforts such as those involving the Rocky Mountain Elk, Pheasants Forever, and Trout Unlimited, Baden asserts that the ideas FREE promotes have become "the norm among progressive, intellectually honest and successful environmentalists." FREE's mission is to attract and work with conservationists, conservatives, and classical liberals who treasure responsible liberty, sustainable ecology, and modest prosperity.
John Baden has been a pioneer in free market environmentalism and its academic forerunner, the New Resource Economics. That work began with a 1973 article co-written with Richard Stroup, "Externality, Property Rights, and the Management of Our National Forests," in the Journal of Law and Economics. This article identified problems with federal management of the national forests and explored the possible impacts of shifting those forests to private ownership.
One of FREE's past projects was the "Charter Forest" project, in which control of national forests were to be devolved to local trusts. The plan was endorsed by the Bush administration, but has yet to be put into effect.
Since 1992, FREE has offered expense-paid seminars in its philosophy to federal judges. These seminars have included such topics as "Environmental Protection: The Role of Community-Based Solutions to Environmental Problems", "The Environment: A CEO's Perspective", and "Liberty and the Environment: A Case for Judicial Activism". FREE says that nearly a third of the federal judiciary had either attended or were seeking to attend its seminars in the late 1990s. The group also offers expense-paid courses for university faculty and students, these reportedly taught on the campus of Montana State University.
Between August 14 and 19, 2004, FREE hosted the 2004 general meeting of the Mont Pèlerin Society at the Grand America Hotel in Salt Lake City, Utah.

## Board

* John A. Baden, PhD
* Ramona Marotz-Baden
* Alice M. Batchelder
* Edith Brown Clement
* Jim Huffman
* John McCormack
* John Von Kannon
* Todd Zywicki
* Jonathan H. Adler

### Former Board Members

* Danny J. Boggs
* Steven J. Eagle
* Edwin Meese, III, JD
# Pogonishte

Pogonishte is a folk dance from Pogon in southern Albania. It is related to the Greek dance Pogonisios (Greek: Πωγωνίσιος) or Sta Dyo (Greek: Στα Δύο). The time signature is in $^2$ $_4$, and it is danced in an open circle; dancers bounce twice gently on every count.
# Patriotic League for Development

Patriotic League for Development (French: Ligue patriotique pour le développement, LIPAD) was an open mass front of the African Independence Party (PAI) in Burkina Faso. LIPAD was founded in September 1973 and was led by Arba Diallo. The militants of LIPAD were generally called lipadistes.
LIPAD had its main influence in the trade union movement. The general secretary of the Voltaic Trade Union Confederation (CSV), Soumane Touré, was also the head of the LIPAD section in Ouagadougou.
LIPAD opted for 'Popular Revolution of National Liberation' (RPLN). Initially LIPAD offered vital support to the revolution of Thomas Sankara. In May 1983 pro-LIPAD students conducted massive demonstrations demanding his release. But when Sankara opted for the 'Popular and Democratic Revolution' promoted by ULC, LIPAD withdrew its support. The USSR played an important role in provoking the split away from the Sankara government.
From August 3, 1983, to August 1984 LIPAD held five ministerial posts. Arba Diallo was Minister of Foreign Affairs, Philippe Ouédraogo Minister of Equipment and Telecommunications and Adama Touré Minister of Information. After the break in 1984 (generally called la clarification) Diallo and Touré were jailed. Diallo was released in 1985 and Touré in 1986. But even after la clarification lipadistes continued to hold some important positions. Michael Tapsoba was appointed Minister for Water in the new government. Ouédraogo was appointed chief engineer of mining.
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# Russ DeLeon

James Russell DeLeon is an investor in real estate, technology, media and the arts.
DeLeon is a graduate of UC Berkeley and holds a J. D. from Harvard Law School. He was admitted to the Bar in California in December 1992.
DeLeon joined PartyGaming in August 2001, when the group was launching PartyPoker.com. He was involved in senior management of PartyGaming, including through its June 2005 IPO on the London Stock Exchange until his departure in 2006.
He is married to Dr Kimberley Yoshimi DeLeon.
# Bugok-dong, Busan

Bugok is a dong (neighborhood) in Geumjeong District, Busan, South Korea.
# Charles Rollin

Charles Rollin (30 January 1661 in Paris - 14 December 1741 in Paris) was a French historian and educator.

## Life

Rollin was the son of a cutler, and at the age of 22 was made a master in the Collège du Plessis. In 1694 he was rector of the University of Paris, rendering great service among other things by reviving the study of Greek. He held that post for two years instead of one, and in 1699 was appointed principal of the Collège de Beauvais.
Rollin held Jansenist principles, and even went so far as to defend the miracles supposed to be worked at the tomb of François de Paris, commonly known as Deacon Paris. Unfortunately his religious opinions deprived him of his appointments and disqualified him for the rectorship, to which in 1719 he had been re-elected. It is said that the same reason prevented his election to the Académie française, though he was a member of the Academie des Inscriptions. Shortly before his death he protested publicly against the acceptance of the bull Unigenitus.

## Works

Rollin's literary work dates chiefly from the later years of his life, when he had been forbidden to teach. His once famous Ancient History (French: Histoire Ancienne, 12 vols., Paris, 1730–38) and the less generally read Roman History (Histoire Romaine, only five of nine volumes finished by the time of his death) were avowed compilations, uncritical and somewhat inaccurate. But they instructed and interested, generation after generation. A more original and really important work was his Treatise on Education (Traité des Études, Paris, 1726–31), which contains a summary of what was even then a reformed and innovative system of education, discarding the medieval traditions that had lingered in France, emphasizing the study of national history after dropping Latin for vernacular in textbooks. Rollin himself didn't begin writing in French until age 60.