OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Julius E. Coles

Julius Earl Coles (born 1942) is the former President of Africare and is Director of Morehouse College's Andrew Young Center for International Affairs. He has spent over four decades engaged in international development work in Africa or for the benefit of African countries.

## Biography

Julius E. Coles is the former President of Africare and since 2009 has served as Director of Morehouse College's Andrew Young Center for International Affairs, a position he previously held from 1997 to 2002. He served as the Director of Howard University's Ralph J. Bunche International Affairs Center from 1994 to 1997. Most of Mr. Coles' career of some 28 years in the foreign service has been spent as a senior official with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). While with USAID, Mr. Coles was Mission Director in Swaziland and Senegal and served in Vietnam, Morocco, Liberia, Nepal, and Washington, DC. He received a B.A. from Morehouse College (1964) and a Master's of Public Affairs from Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs (1966). He has also studied at the University of Geneva and the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Switzerland, the U.S. Department of State Foreign Institute's Senior Seminar, the Federal Executive Institute, and Institut de Francais. Mr. Coles retired from the U.S. Government Foreign Service in 1994 with the rank of Career Minister.

## Awards and Associations

Coles received numerous awards including the Global Citizen Award, International Youth Leadership Institute [2011], the Bennie Achievement Award, Morehouse College [2010], Princeton in Africa Lifetime Achievement Award [2009], the James Madison Medal, Princeton University [2007], Morehouse College National Alumnus of the Year [2006], Amistad Achievement Award [2003], Distinguished Career Service Award (1995), the Presidential Meritorious Service Award (1983-1986), and was decorated by President Abdou Diouf of Senegal as Commander in the Order of Lion (1994).
He is a member of the boards of The African Development Foundation, Health and Development International, The Mountain Institute, Andrew Young Center for International Affairs at Morehouse College and Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School, Academy for Educational Development . In addition, he was elected as a member of the National Academy of Public Administration, Sigma Pi Phi fraternity, Omega Psi Phi fraternity, Rotary Club of Atlanta, Council on Foreign Relations, the Bretton Woods Committee and has been appointed as a member of the UNESCO International Commission on the Gorée Memorial.
# Tim Nagle

Timothy Nagle (25 October 1894 – 6 January 1925) was an Irish hurler. His championship career with the Cork senior team lasted from 1912 until 1922.
Nagle first played competitive inter-county hurling at the age of eighteen, when he was selected for the Cork senior team. He made his debut in the 1912 All-Ireland final and, although Cork were defeated on that occasion, he quickly became a regular member of the team. Nagle won All-Ireland medals in 1915 and 1919 in what was his third final appearance. He also won three Munster medals. Nagle played his last game for Cork in April 1922.

## Honours
### Cork

* All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1919
* Munster Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1915, 1919, 1920
# European Coalition to End Animal Experiments

The European Coalition to End Animal Experiments (ECEAE) is a European umbrella organisation based in Cologne, Germany. It is actively operating in favour of animal rights and in particularly, an abolishment of testing on animals. The ECEAE was created in 1990 as an umbrella association for national organisations working for the abolition of all animal experiments. The original aim was to reach a ban on the testing of cosmetics on animals. Later, other campaign objectives were added, including banning experiments on non-human primates, in the field of regulatory animal testing and animal tests for botulinum toxin, better known as botox.
In order to achieve these goals, the ECEAE releases publications, organizes violent free actions and campaigns and lobbies in the European Parliament, the European Commission and other relevant EU bodies. The ECEAE was one of the initiators of the successful European Citizens’ Initiative ‘Save Cruelty Free Cosmetics – Commit to a Europe Without Animal Testing’ which collected more than 1.2 million signatures in 2021/2022. The ECEAE currently consists of 17 member organisation.

## Members

* ADDA: - Asociación Defensa Derechos Animal Adda Ong (Spain) https://www.addaong.org/en/
* Animal Rights (Belgium) https://www.animalrights.nl/
* Anima Mundi (North Macedonia) https://www.animalrights.nl/
* ATRA - Associazione svizzera per l'abolizione della vivisezione (Switzerland) https://www.atra.info/index.php/it/
* Comité scientifique Pro Anima Pour une recherche sans expérimentation animale (France) https://www.proanima.fr/
* Doctors Against Animal Experiments (Germany) https://www.aerzte-gegen-tierversuche.de/en/FENIKS – Society for the Protection of Animals and development of Civic Consciousness (Serbia) https://www.feniks.org.rs/
* Forsøgsdyrenes Værn - Danish Society for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Denmark) https://forsoegsdyrenes-vaern.dk/
* IBT – Internationaler Bund der Tierversuchsgegner (Austria) https://www.tierversuchsgegner.at/
* IAVS - Irish Anti-Vivisection Society (Ireland) https://irishantivivisection.org/
* LAV - Lega Anti Vivisezione (Italy) (Italy) https://www.lav.it/home/en
* LSCV - Ligue Suisse contre l’expérimentation animale et pour les droits des animaux (Switzerland) https://www.lscv.ch
* Menschen für Tierrechte - Bundesverband der Tierversuchsgegner e.V. https://www.tierrechte.de/
* One Voice (France) https://one-voice.fr/
* OSA – Oltre la Sperimentazione Animale (Italy) https://one-voice.fr/
* Prijatelji životinja - Animal Friends Croatia (Croatia) https://www.prijatelji-zivotinja.hr/index.en.php
* Tierschutz Austria (Austria) https://www.tierschutz-austria.at/
# St Joseph's College, Lochinvar

St Joseph's College, Lochinvar is an independent Roman Catholic co-educational secondary day school, located in the village of Lochinvar, in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales, Australia.
Established in 1883 by the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart, founded by Father Julian Tenison-Woods, the College caters for approximately 700 students from Year 7 to Year 12. In 1990, St Joseph's College merged with Catholic secondary schools in the area, St Peter's and St Mary's in nearby Maitland, to form All Saints' College. In 2018, St Joseph's College de-merged and expanded its educational offering to cater for students in Year 11 and Year 12. 2019 was the first year in which students commenced the NSW Higher School Certificate.
The College motto is the phrase in Latin: Vigor in Ardius Crescat, which translates as "May your strength increase in difficulties".
# Matthias Michel

Matthias Michel is a Swiss politician who is a member of the Council of States.

## Biography

Michel studied at the University of Zurich and University of Lausanne. He was registered as a lawyer in 1991. He was elected in 2019.
# Local government in Israel

The local governments of Israel (Hebrew: רשות מקומית; also known as local authorities), are the set of bodies charged with providing services such as urban planning, zoning, and the provision of drinking water and emergency services, as well as education and culture, as per guidelines of the Interior Ministry for communities of all sizes in the country. Almost all local governments take one of three forms: city councils, which governs a large municipality, local councils, which governs a small municipality, and regional councils, which governs a group of communities, often but not necessarily of a rural nature.
All Israeli local governments are operated under a strong Mayor–council system. They appoint a head, or mayor, who is selected through a process of democratic elections along with their fellow council members. If a council's operation is impeded by a severe financial crisis, the Interior Minister may dissolve it, fire the council head, and appoint a special commission to operate the council until normalisation. Councils may enact bylaws for improvement of the residents' quality of life, and in addition to the levy of direct taxes, are allocated funds from the national government via the Interior Ministry. City and local councils are united in the framework of the "Centre for Local Government in Israel", founded in 1938, while regional councils are organised in a separate body.

## Roles

Local authorities are responsible for providing citizens, firms, and institutions within its jurisdiction with a number of services:
* Physical infrastructure
** Road system
** Water supply
** Refuse collection and disposal
** Sewage systems
** Parks
* Environmental protection
** Public health
** Nuisances
** Cleanliness
* Education (joint responsibility with Ministry of Education)
** Education
*** Construction of schools
*** Provision of equipment
*** Maintenance
* Culture & Sports (financial support and promotion)
** Libraries
** Museums
** Youth clubs
** Orchestras
** Theaters
** Sport facilities
* Social welfare
** Families in need,
** Special groups such as the elderly, disabled children, drug addicts

### Other abilities and responsibilities

Local councils in particular have an important role in ensuring the principles put forward in the Planning and Building Law, 5725-1965, are adhered to. The district planning commission is a joint state-local authority which approves detailed local plans and acts as a forum for handling appeals of decisions. The local council is also authorized to issue by-laws in every area in which it has jurisdiction and has the power to enforce these laws as well as the laws and regulations applicable to its functions. Furthermore local authorities are allowed to levy local taxes and collect various payments for services and concessions. They prepare their own budgets, although these then must be approved by the Ministry of the Interior.
# Samuel Houghton

Samuel Houghton (16 August 1870 – 17 August 1920) was an English rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s and 1900s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for England and Cheshire, and at club level for Runcorn RFC, and Birkenhead Wanderers, as a fullback. and representative level rugby league (RL) for Cheshire, and at club level for Runcorn RFC, who he rejoined in January 1896, and who had switched to professional rugby league in 1895.

## International honours

Sam Houghton was born in Runcorn, Cheshire, England, and he also died in Runcorn, Cheshire, England.

## International honours

Sam Houghton won first selected to play for England (RU), while representing Runcorn at club level, for the encounter against Ireland in the 1892 Home Nations Championship. Despite England winning 7–0, Houghton was replaced for the next match of the tournament by Thomas Coop, who himself was uncapped before the match. It would take almost four years for Houghton to win his second cap, when he was chosen for the 1896 Home Nations Championship. This was a key match for England, as it was the first international after the formation of the Northern League, and the selectors were now unable to call upon a large number of former players who had now turned professional. Houghton by this time had switched clubs from Runcorn to Birkenhead Wanderers, and on 4 January 1896 he was called upon to face Wales in the opening game of the Championship, the match was a one-sided affair after the talented Welsh three-quarters, Owen Badger, broke his collar bone within the first fifteen minutes and was forced to leave the pitch. England went on to win 25–0.
Despite being called back into the England team, and then being selected for the second match of the 1896 Championship against Ireland, Houghton switched codes before the 1 February fixture, joining his old club Runcorn. Runcorn who were previously a union team had turned professional in 1895, and by signing back to the club, Houghton was now considered a professional footballer, and could therefore never represent a rugby union team at club, county, or country level.

## Note

ESPN states Samuel Houghton's date of birth as 16 August 1870, whereas FreeBMD quotes the birth as being registered during first ¼ 1870.
# Barthélémy Chinenyeze

Barthélémy Ikechi Ross Chinenyeze (born 28 February 1998) is a French professional volleyball player who plays as a middle blocker for Cucine Lube Civitanova and the France national team. Chinenyeze won a gold medal in the men's tournament at the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020.

## Personal life

Chinenyeze was born in France to an Igbo Nigerian father and French mother.

## Career

He joined the national team in 2017, and participated in the 2017 European Championship and the 2017 World Grand Champions Cup. He was a gold medalist at the 2017 World League. On 2 March 2018, he joined Asseco Resovia.

## Honours
### Club

* Domestic
** 2018–19 French Cup, with Tours VB
** 2018–19 French Championship, with Tours VB
** 2022–23 Italian Championship, with Cucine Lube Civitanova

### Individual awards

* 2018: French Championship – Best middle blocker
* 2019: French Championship – Most valuable player
* 2019: French Championship – Best middle blocker
* 2021: Olympic Games – Best middle blocker

### State awards

* 2021: Knight of the Legion of Honour
# Ivan Boretz

Ivan Oleksiiovych Boretz (Ukrainian: Іван Олексійович Борець, 1890 – 1937) was a bandurist. Member of the Kyiv, Kharkiv and later Poltava Bandurist Capellas. Director of the Horiv Bandura Ensemble. Arrested by NKVD on 21 September 1937, shot on 11 November 1937. His family was informed that he had died on 12 February 1941. He was rehabilitated on 9 December 1957.
# Cape Cort Adelaer

Cape Cort Adelaer (Danish: Kap Cort Adelaer), also known as Cape Adelaer, is a headland in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast Greenland, Sermersooq municipality. This cape is named after Norwegian seaman Cort Adeler (1622–1675) who distinguished himself for services rendered to the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy.

## Geography

Cape Cort Adelaer is located in the northeast of an irregularly-shaped coastal island located on the northern side of the mouth of the Napasorsuaq Fjord. Cape Daniel Rantzau, the SE headland of the same island is located 7.2 km to the south.
Small Uummannaarsuk island lies 2 km to the southeast of the cape. The dangerous active glacier Puisortoq is located to the north.

## History

Cape Cort Adelaer weather station was built and staffed on this headland by the Allies during World War II. It was established by Major John T. Crowell in 1943, at the same time that the Comanche Bay facility was reestablished. At that time there was another weather station on Skjoldungen further north up the coast.
# Djibouti Union for Democracy and Justice

The Djibouti Union for Democracy and Justice (French: Union Djiboutienne pour la Démocratie et la Justice) (Arabic: الاتحاد الجيبوتي من أجل الديمقراطية والعدالة) is a political party in Djibouti.

## History

The party was founded in 2002 when a restriction of the 1992 constitution was removed allowing for more than just 4 political parties. under the leadership of Ilaya Ismail Guedi Hared, a former cabinet director for President Hassan Gouled Aptidon. The party's secretary general, Farah Ali Waberi, resigned in 2005 to protest the Union for Democratic Change's (UAD's) decision to boycott the 2005 Djiboutian presidential election. The party opposed the 2010 amendment to the constitution that allowed Ismaïl Omar Guelleh to run for a third term. Hared's niece, Zahra Guedi was elected to lead a UAD diaspora group in Paris in November 2013. The party ran in a coalition with the Djibouti Party for Development in 2018 winning several seats in the National Assembly.

### 2023 election

During the 2023 Djiboutian parliamentary election, all opposition political parties boycotted the election to protest the undemocratic leadership of Ismaïl Omar Guelleh and the erosion of political and press freedoms across the country. The UBJ was the sole exception, and besides Guelleh's Union for the Presidential Majority, was the only party to contest the election. The party won 6.32% of the popular vote and 7 seats in the National Assembly. Abdulmalik Jama Ali, one of the party's representatives in the assembly, stated that the party was happy with the conduct of the election.

## Electoral history
### National Assembly elections

| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Result |
| 2003 | Ilaya Ismail Guedi Hared | 31,581 as part of the UAD | 37.60% | 0 / 65 | New | 2nd | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2008 | Ilaya Ismail Guedi Hared | Election boycotted | Election boycotted | Election boycotted | Election boycotted | Election boycotted | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2013 | Ilaya Ismail Guedi Hared | 42,897 as part of the USN | 35.66% | 10 / 65 | 10 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 2018 | Ilaya Ismail Guedi Hared | 13,088 joint list with PDD | 10.92% | 5 / 65 | 5 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 2023 | Ilaya Ismail Guedi Hared | 10,772 | 6.32% | 7 / 65 | 2 | 2nd | Opposition |
# Antarctic Sound, Greenland

The Antarctic Sound (Danish: Antarctic Sund) is a sound in King Christian X Land, Northeast Greenland. Administratively it is part of the Northeast Greenland National Park zone.

## History

The sound was named by Alfred Gabriel Nathorst after his ship Antarctic, on which he found and first mapped this fjord branch in 1899 during the Swedish Greenland Expedition in search of survivors of S. A. Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897.
* SS Antarctic, the ship after which the fjord was named.

## Geography

It is a fjord forming a channel that runs roughly from northwest to southeast between the southern shore of mid Kaiser Franz Joseph Fjord to the north and the head of King Oscar Fjord to the south. Its minimum width is 3 km.
The Antarctic Sound separates the northeastern shore of Suess Land —part of the Greenland mainland— from the southwestern shore of Ymer Island. Ruth Island lies off the southeastern mouth of the sound.
| Map of Northeastern Greenland | Landsat satellite image of Ymer Island with the Antarctic Sound in the bottom left corner. |
# Ayelet HaShahar

Ayelet HaShahar (Hebrew: אַיֶּלֶת הַשַּׁחַר) is a kibbutz in northern Israel acquired in 1892 and settled in the second Aliyah, located on the Korazim Plateau, by the Rosh Pina – Metulla road, it is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Kiryat Shmona and falls under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council. In 2022, it had a population of 1,154. Named after the introduction of Psalm 22, and means "hind of the dawn".

## History

The name of the kibbutz, literally "hind of the dawn", is taken from the first line of Psalm 22 in reference to Najmat es-Subh (Arabic: نجمة الصبح, lit. 'star of the dawn'), the original name of the land on which the kibbutz is located. The land was bought by the Jewish Colonization Association in 1892, and first settled by immigrants from Europe in 1915 during the Second Aliyah period. A census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, recorded a population of 78 Jews. During the end of the British mandate, the kibbutz was the staging ground for Palmach operations: Night of the Bridges and the bombing of the Yarmuk Bridge (16–17 June 1946).
After the 1947–1949 Palestine war, Ayelet HaShahar took over the land from the newly depopulated Palestinian village of Yarda.
* Ayelet HaShahar, 1919
* Ayelet HaShahar, 1937
* Ayelet HaShahar, 1939
* Aiyelet hash Shahar near Kh. Najmat es Subh, 1942
* Palmach youth group at Ayelet Hashahar, 1946
* Yiftach 3rd Battalion. Ayelet HaShahar. 1948
* Collecting stray camels. Ayelet HaShahar. 1948

## Economy

Ayelet HaShahar is one of the larger fruit producers in Israel. They also raise dairy cattle and poultry, and manage beehives (the kibbutz is a major producer of Israel's honey). There are fish ponds, which take water from canals that drain the nearby Hula Valley swamps.

## Landmarks

Tel Hazor, the capital of Canaanite Galilee, lies opposite the kibbutz. The Archaeological Museum of Hatzor is located at the kibbutz. Antiquities from Tel Hazor are displayed, but many of the original artifacts are actually at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.

## Notable people

* Tzruya Lahav, songwriter, singer, and novelist
* Avshalom Okashi, artist
# Najabat Ali Khan

Sayyid Najabat Ali Khan Bahadur, born Mir Phulwari (Bengali: নজাবত আলী খান; 1749 – 10 March 1770), better known as Saif ud-Daulah, succeeded his younger brother Nawab Nazim Najimuddin Ali Khan, after his death in 1766, as the Nawab Nazim of Bengal and Bihar.
He was the third son of Mir Jafar by Munny Begum. He was only seventeen when he was crowned as the Nawab. He reigned under the regency of his mother and died of smallpox on 10 March 1770, during the Great Bengal famine of 1770.

## Life
### Early life

After the death of Najimuddin Ali Khan, his younger brother Najabat Ali Khan, better known as Saif ud-Daulah, succeeded him and was placed on the Masnad (throne) at the age of 17. The management developed upon his mother, Munny Begum. On 19 May 1766, a treaty was concluded in which the East India Company was to pay him the reduced stipend of ₹41,86,131 and 9 Anas (₹1=12 Anas), namely ₹17,78,854 and 1 Ana for the Nawab's household and ₹ 24,07,277 and 8 Anas for the support of the Nizamat.

### Later years

Saif ud-Daulah was formally installed on the Khahar Balish, at Murshidabad Fort on 22 May 1766, which was confirmed by Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II on 27 June 1766. However real authority passed into the chamber of the Directors in London who considered that the Nawab and the Government's dignity still resided in the Nawab and his ministers.

### Death and succession

In 1770, during Bengal famine of 1770, a great epidemic of small pox raged in Murshidabad and killing 63,000 of its inhabitants, one of them being Nawab Nazim Saif ud-Daulah, himself. He died on 10 March 1770. His mortal remains lie in the Jafarganj Cemetery in Murshidabad.
He was succeeded by his half-brother, Nawab Nazim Ashraf Ali Khan as the next Nawab.
# Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1993

Iceland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1993 with the song "Þá veistu svarið", composed by Jon Kjell Seljeseth, with lyrics by Friðrik Sturluson, and performed by Inga. The Icelandic participating broadcaster, Ríkisútvarpið (RÚV), selected its entry through Söngvakeppni Sjónvarpsins 1993.

## Before Eurovision
### Söngvakeppni Sjónvarpsins 1993

Ríkisútvarpið (RÚV) held the national final on 20 February 1993 at its studios in Reykjavík, hosted by Steinn Ármann Magnússon. 10 songs competed, with the winner being selected by the votes of nine juries – eight regional juries and a final professional jury.
The winner was "Þá veistu svarið" performed by Ingibjörg Stefánsdóttir. The song was composed by Jon Kjell Seljeseth, with lyrics by Friðrik Sturluson.
Final – 20 February 1993 :
| Draw | Artist | Song | Points | Place |
| 1 | Ingunn Gylfadóttir | "Brenndar brýr" | 62 | 3 |
| 2 | Anna Mjöll Ólafsdóttir | "Eins og skot" | 70 | 2 |
| 3 | Haukur Hauksson | "Í roki og regni" | 43 | 6 |
| 4 | Margrét Eir | "Ó hve ljúft er að lifa" | 46 | 5 |
| 5 | Eró-bikkjan | "Hopp-abla-ha" | 39 | 7 |
| 6 | Katla Maria Hausmann | "Samba" | 32 | 9 |
| 7 | Ingibjörg Stefánsdóttir | "Þá veistu svarið" | 86 | 1 |
| 8 | Ingunn Gylfadóttir | "Ég bý hér enn" | 34 | 8 |
| 9 | Guðlaug Dröfn Ólafsdóttir | "Bless bless" | 48 | 4 |
| 10 | Július Guðmundsson | "Himinn, jörð og haf" | 20 | 10 |

## At Eurovision

Ingibjörg, now as Inga, performed 9th on the night of the contest, held in Millstreet, Ireland, following Malta and preceding Austria. Inga received 42 points for her performance of "Þá veistu svarið", placing 13th of 25 competing countries.