OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Diet and Nutrition Association

The Diet and Nutrition Association (Danish: Kost- og Ernæringsforbundet, KOST) is a trade union representing nutritionists and people in related jobs, in Denmark.
The union was founded in 1923, as the Food Economists' Association, and adopted its current name in 2005. Long a member of the Confederation of Professionals in Denmark, since 2019 it has been affiliated to its successor, the Danish Trade Union Confederation. It had about 9,000 members in 2006, and 8,230 members in 2018.
# Justin Tuveri

Justin Tuveri (13 May 1898 – 5 October 2007) was, at age 109, one of the last Italian veterans of the First World War and a French citizen at the time of his death.
Tuveri was born Giustino Tuveri in Collinas, on the island of Sardinia. He was drafted in 1917, and fought in several campaigns, including Sassari.
Due to the rise of Benito Mussolini and the Fascists, Tuveri moved to France in 1920, becoming a French citizen in 1940.
He died in Saint-Tropez, France.
# Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities

The Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities (Greek: Εφορεία Εναλίων Αρχαιοτήτων, romanized: Eforeía Enalíon Archaiotíton) is a department within the Greek Ministry of Culture responsible for underwater archaeology.

## History

The Ephorate was founded in 1976, and has jurisdiction over the entirety of Greece (unlike the regional antiquities ephorates). Permission from the EUA is needed to conduct surveys and photography dives on architectural structures, such as shipwrecks, in Greek waters. The EUA itself is also responsible for the discovery, exploration, and maintenance of underwater activities.
The Ephorate operates two regional offices, based in Thessaloniki and Heraklion.
In 2003, the Ephorate was given jurisdiction over all wrecks of ships and aircraft more than fifty years old.
A Museum of Underwater Antiquities is currently being designed, under the auspices of the EUA. It will be situated in the harbour of Piraeus, and is projected to be completed in 2025.

## Excavations by the Ephorate

* The 5th-century BC Peristera shipwreck near Alonnisos, begun in 1992
* The port of the ancient city of Abdera in Thrace
* The port of the ancient city of Toroni in Chalcidice
* The port of the ancient city of Phalasarna in Crete
* The wreck of the French ship of the line Thérèse, sunk off Heraklion in 1669
* The wreck of an early modern merchant ship near Zakynthos
* Attempts to locate warships sunk during the Battle of Actium in 31 BC
* The port and parts of the settlement of the ancient city of Anactorium, near Vonitsa
* The port of Vathy in Samos
* The ancient city of Methone in southern Messenia
# Lineodes tipuloides

Lineodes tipuloides is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1891. It is found in Trinidad.
# Dyurtyuli

Dyurtyuli (Russian: Дюртюли; Bashkir: Дүртөйлө, Dürtöylö) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the left bank of the Belaya River 126 kilometers (78 mi) northwest of Ufa. Population: 31,274 (2010 Census); 29,984 (2002 Census); 25,264 (1989 Soviet census).

## Etymology

In the Tatar and Bashkir languages, the name of the town means "four houses".

## History

The first mention of the town was in 1795. Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1964; town status was granted in 1989.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Dyurtyuli serves as the administrative center of Dyurtyulinsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with the village of Argamak, incorporated separately as the town of republic significance of Dyurtyuli—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of republic significance of Duyrtyuli is incorporated within Dyurtyulinsky Municipal District as Dyurtyuli Urban Settlement.

## Demographics

As of the 2002 Census, the ethnic composition of the town was:
* Tatars: 64.9%
* Bashkirs: 22.5%
* Russians: 9.7%
* Mari: 1.6%
# Glinki, Sochaczew County

Glinki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Sucha, within Sochaczew County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Nowa Sucha, 11 km (7 mi) south of Sochaczew, and 55 km (34 mi) west of Warsaw.
# The Gift (essay)

The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies (French: Essai sur le don: forme et raison de l'échange dans les sociétés archaïques) is a 1925 essay by the French sociologist Marcel Mauss that is the foundation of social theories of reciprocity and gift exchange.

## History

Mauss's original piece was entitled Essai sur le don. Forme et raison de l'échange dans les sociétés archaïques ("An essay on the gift: the form and reason of exchange in archaic societies") and was originally published in L'Année Sociologique in 1925. The essay was later republished in French in 1950 and translated into English in 1954 by Ian Cunnison, in 1990 by W. D. Halls, and in 2016 by Jane I. Guyer.

## Argument

Mauss's essay focuses on the way that the exchange of objects between groups builds relationships between humans.
It analyzes the economic practices of archaic societies and finds that they have a common as well as a main practice centered on reciprocal exchange. In different archaic and indigenous societies, he finds evidence contrary to the presumptions of modern Western societies about the history and nature of exchange which assert that it is a relatively newer concept and practice. He shows that early exchange systems center around the obligations to give, to receive, and, most importantly, to reciprocate. They occur between groups, not only individuals, and they are a crucial part of “total phenomena” that work to build not just wealth and alliances marked by economic wants but social solidarity because “the gift” pervades all aspects of the society. Mauss calls it, therefore, a "total social fact". He uses a comparative method, drawing upon published secondary scholarship on peoples from around the world, but especially the Pacific Northwest (especially potlatch).
After examining the reciprocal gift-giving practices of each society, he finds in them common features, despite some variation. From the disparate evidence, he builds a case for a foundation to human society based on collective (vs. individual) exchange practices. In doing so, he refutes the English tradition of liberal thought, such as utilitarianism, as distortions of human exchange practices. He concludes by speculating that social welfare programs may be recovering some aspects of the morality of the gift within modern market economies.

## Influence

The Gift has been very influential in anthropology, where there is a large field of study devoted to reciprocity and exchange. It has also influenced philosophers, artists, and political activists, including Georges Bataille, Jacques Derrida, Jean Baudrillard, and more recently the work of David Graeber and the theologians John Milbank and Jean-Luc Marion.
# Dove Bay

Dove Bay (Danish: Dove Bugt) is a bay in King Frederick VIII Land, northeastern Greenland. It is part of the Northeast Greenland National Park area.

## Etymology

Dove bay is said to have been the legendary Breidifjòrdr of the Sagas of Icelanders.
It was named Dove Bai by the Second German North Polar Expedition led by Carl Koldewey after German physicist and meteorologist Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (1803–79).

## Geography

Dove Bay is a large bay located between Cape Bismarck in Germania Land to the north, a complex cluster of coastal islands to the west, Store Koldewey to the east and Adolf S. Jensen Land to the southwest. Besides Store Koldewey, there are numerous islands in the periphery of the bay such as Edward Island, Godfred Hansen Island, Lindhard Island, Nanok Island, Tvillingerne and Djævleøen —with its conspicuous Teufelkap. There are also fjords, such as the Mørkefjord and Hellefjord, having their mouth in the bay. To the south, the bay opens to the Greenland Sea through the Storebaelt (Store Bælt) strait.
The bay is usually free from ice in August and September. Its waters are deep.
The Danmarkshavn weather station is located north of the bay on the southern shore of the Germania Land Peninsula.
| View of Vivian Fjeld on northern Adolf S. Jensen Land, Nanok Ø and Tvillingerne on the western side of Dove Bay | Dove Bay east of Queen Louise Land. |
# Vari, Iran

Vari (Persian: وري, also Romanized as Varī) is a village in Chahardangeh Rural District, Chahardangeh District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 120, in 48 families.
# Chamber of Deputies (Tunisia)

The Chamber of Deputies (Arabic: مجلس النواب Majlis an-Nuwwāb, French: Chambre des députés) was the lower chamber of the Parliament of Tunisia, the bicameral legislative branch of the government of Tunisia. It had 214 seats and members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms. 20% of the seats are reserved for the opposition. Elections are held in the last 30 days of each five-year term. To be eligible for office, one must be a voter with a Tunisian mother or father and be at least 23 years old the day candidacy is announced. The last election to the Chamber of Deputies was held in October 2009.
Under the original Tunisian constitution, the Chamber of Deputies theoretically possessed great lawmaking powers, and even had the right to censure the government by a two-thirds majority. In practice, the body was dominated by the Democratic Constitutional Rally (formerly the Neo-Destour Party and Socialist Destour Party) from independence until the 2011 Tunisian revolution. The Neo-Destour won every seat in the Chamber at the first elections in 1959. From then on, Tunisia was effectively a one-party state, even though opposition parties nominally remained legal until 1963. Even after opposition parties were legalized again in 1981, they did not manage to enter the Chamber of Deputies until 1994. Even then, in the five elections held before the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in 2011, they never accounted for more than 19 percent of the total seats in the chamber. During the last few years of Ben Ali's tenure, the chamber took an increased role in debating national policy. However, all legislation still originated with the president, and there was little meaningful opposition to presidential decisions.
After the Tunisian Revolution of 2011, the Chamber of Deputies was replaced by the Assembly of the Representatives of the People as Tunisia's legislature.
# Loris Rouiller

Loris Rouiller (born 21 February 2000) is a Swiss cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Cyclo-cross team Heizomat Radteam p/b Kloster Kitchen and amateur team Elite Fondations Cycling Team in road cycling. He primarily competes in cyclo-cross, but also on the road and in mountain biking.

## Major results
### Cyclo-cross
#### 2016–2017

    1st National Junior Championships
    2nd Steinmaur
    Junior Soudal Classics
       3rd Leuven

#### 2017–2018

    1st UEC European Junior Championships
    1st National Junior Championships
    Junior DVV Trophy
       1st Baal
       1st Hamme
       1st Ronse
       2nd Loenhout
    UCI Junior World Cup
       1st Namur
    Junior Superprestige
       1st Gieten
    Junior Brico Cross
       1st Meulebeke
       2nd Hulst

#### 2018–2019

    1st National Under-23 Championships
    Under-23 Brico Cross
       1st Hulst
    Under-23 DVV Trophy
       3rd Loenhout
       3rd Baal

#### 2019–2020

    1st Munich
    1st Steinmaur
    Under-23 DVV Trophy
       1st Loenhout
    2nd National Under-23 Championships
    UCI Under-23 World Cup
       3rd Heusden-Zolder
       3rd Bern

#### 2020–2021

    2nd National Under-23 Championships
    2nd Steinmaur

#### 2021–2022

    Coupe de France
       1st Troyes
       1st Pierric
       2nd Quelneuc
    Under-23 Coupe de France
       1st Troyes
       1st Pierric
       1st Quelneuc
    1st Hittnau
    1st Brumath
    2nd National Under-23 Championships
    2nd Destil

#### 2022–2023

    1st Overall Swiss Cup
       1st Bulle
       3rd Hittnau
    1st Dijon
    2nd Overall Coupe de France
       2nd Troyes II
       3rd Camors I
       3rd Nommay II
    3rd Brumath

#### 2023–2024

    USCX Series
       1st Roanoke I
       1st Roanoke II
       3rd Rochester I
       3rd Rochester II
    1st 4 Bikes Festival
    3rd Bensheim

#### 2024–2025

    Coupe de France
       1st Nommay I
       1st Nommay II
    1st Bensheim
    2nd Illnau
    3rd Brumath
    3rd Steinmaur

### Road
#### 2017

    4th Road race, National Junior Championships
# Rakshya Rana

Rakshya Rana (Nepali: रक्षा राणा) (born 7 November 1967) is the first Nepali female pilot.

## Biography

She was born on 7 November 1967 as the daughter of Ganga Gurung Rana and Noor Pratap JB Rana. Her father, Noor Pratap JB Rana was an industrialist who established the famous Goldstar shoes in Nepal.

## Training

Rana got her training from Hoffman Pilot Center in Broomfield, Colorado for her private pilot license. She then moved to Addison, Dallas, Texas where she completed the rest of the training and obtained her FAA commercial Pilot license with Multi-Engine and Instrument Rating in April 1988. It took her 11 months in total to complete the course.
She obtained her aviation license from Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal in 1992. She was 24 years old when she flew professionally for the first time, with the domestic airline, Everest Air.

## Debate over the first Nepali female pilot

Rana obtained her aviation license from CAANl in 1992 under license number 123. However, Rana's title as first female pilot is contested by Sony Rana who obtained her license in 1991 under license number 119. According to the Pilot Safety Department Head of CAAN, Raju Shrestha, Sony Rana is the first female Nepali pilot with a Nepali aviation license whereas Rakshya Rana is the first Nepali female pilot even though she had an American license initially.
# Sucker rod

A sucker rod is a steel rod, typically between 7 and 9 metres (25 and 30 ft) in length, and threaded at both ends, used in the oil industry to join together the surface and downhole components of a reciprocating piston pump installed in an oil well. The pumpjack is the visible above-ground drive for the well pump, and is connected to the downhole pump at the bottom of the well by a series of interconnected sucker rods. Sucker rods are also commonly available made of fiberglass in 37 1/2 foot lengths and diameters of 3/4, 7/8, 1, and 1 1/4 inch. These are terminated in metallic threaded ends, female at one end and male at the other.
The surface unit transfers energy for pumping the well from the prime-mover to the sucker rod string. In doing this, it must change the rotary motion of the prime-mover to reciprocating motion for the sucker rod. And it must reduce the speed of the prime-mover to a suitable pumping speed. Speed reduction is accomplished by using a gear reducer, and rotary motion of the crank shaft is converted to oscillatory motion by means of a walking beam. The crank arm is connected to the walking beam by means of a pitman arm. The walking beam is supported by a Samson post and saddle bearing. The horse head and bridle are used to ensure that the pull on the sucker rod string is vertical at all times so that no bearing movement is applied to that part of the sucker rod string above the stuffing box. The polished rod and stuffing box combination is used to maintain a good liquid seal at the surface.

## Productive process of sucker rod

* 1. Inspection of steel round bar
* 2. Straightening -Cold
* 3. Length cutting
* 4. Forging
* 5. Heat treatment
* 6. Straightening - heat
* 7. Shot blasting
* 8. Upset Machining
* 9. Assembly, Protect cap
* 10. Packing, Varnishing
# Galinoporni

Galinoporni (Greek: Γαληνόπορνη; Turkish: Kaleburnu) is a village in Cyprus, located on the southern side of the Karpas Peninsula. Galinoporni is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus. As of 2011, it had a population of 333.
The village has always been exclusively populated by Turkish Cypriots. It has a permanent population but is also inhabited in the summer months by villagers who emigrated to the United Kingdom as a result of the Cyprus Dispute.Cypriot Turkish is the most commonly spoken dialect, though most elderly inhabitants can speak and understand both Turkish and Greek, with some speaking Greek as a first language.
The surroundings of the village host two Bronze Age sites: in Kraltepe the remains of a palace have been excavated, whose dwellers had trade contacts with the eastern coast of the Mediterranean sea around 1200 BC. In Nitovikla there is a fortress dating back to 1500 BC, whose citadel has been erected in the style of the Hittitian fortress of Hattusa in Anatolia. Moreover, in Avtepe there is an important group of caves.
# Glącka

Glącka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sypniewo, within Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Sypniewo, 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Maków Mazowiecki, and 89 km (55 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Berkat Tush

Berkat Tush (Persian: بركت توش, also Romanized as Berkat Tūsh) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 104, in 17 families.
# Abidjan Department

Abidjan Department (French: Département d'Abidjan, pronounced) is a department of Ivory Coast. It is the sole department in Abidjan Autonomous District: the territory of the department and the district are the same.

## History

Abidjan Department was created in 1969 as one of the 24 new departments that were created to take the place of the six departments that were being abolished. It was created from territory that was formerly part of Sud Department. Using current boundaries as a reference, from 1969 to 1988 the department encompassed all of the Abidjan Autonomous District; all of Grands-Ponts Region; all of Agnéby-Tiassa Region, with the exception of Agboville Department; and Alépé Department in La Mé Region.
Abidjan Department was divided into three parts in 1988 in order to create Grand-Lahou Department and Tiassalé Department.
In 1997, regions were introduced as new first-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast; as a result, all departments were converted into second-level subdivisions. Abidjan Department was included as part of Lagunes Region. Abidjan Department was divided again in 1998 in order to create Alépé, Dabou, and Jacqueville Departments.
In 2011, districts were introduced as new first-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast. At the same time, regions were reorganised and became second-level subdivisions and all departments were converted into third-level subdivisions. At this time, Abidjan Department became part of Abidjan Autonomous District, one of two districts in the country with no regions. Abidjan Department and the Abidjan Autonomous District share the same territory.
# Luca Denicolà

Luca Denicolà (born 17 April 1981) is a former footballer from Switzerland who played as defender.
# HMS Tourmaline (J339)

HMS Tourmaline (J339) was a Catherine-class minesweeper of the Royal Navy during the Second World War. Originally planned as USS Usage (AM-130), of the United States Navy's Auk class, she was transferred to the United Kingdom under Lend-Lease.

## Career

Usage was laid down on 1 January 1942 at Chickasaw, Alabama, by the Gulf Shipbuilding Corp.; launched on 4 October 1942; and transferred to the United Kingdom under lend-lease on 7 June 1943.
Usage served with the Royal Navy as HMS Tourmaline (J339) in the Atlantic Ocean in World War II. She was returned to United States custody in January 1947, struck from the Navy list, and transferred to the Foreign Liquidation Commission for disposition. Sold to Turkey, she served with the Turkish Navy under the name Çardak until 1974.
# Maroni, Cyprus

Maroni (Greek: Μαρώνι; Turkish: Maroni) is a village located in the Larnaca District of Cyprus.

## History

It has been a settlement since Middle Bronze Age.

## Gallery

* Maroni's church
* A hill in Maroni
* View of Maroni village
# Gnaty-Lewiski

Gnaty-Lewiski is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Winnica, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Lucainena de las Torres Photovoltaic Power Station

The Lucainena de las Torres Photovoltaic Power Station (Spanish: Planta fotovoltaica de Lucainena de las Torres) is a photovoltaic power station in Lucainena de las Torres, Almería in Spain. It consists of different units. Lucainena de las Torres 1 has a total capacity of 7.4 MWp and its annual output is about 11.42 GWh. It was commissioned in July 2008. Lucainena de las Torres 2 has a total capacity of 7.9 MWpand its annual output is about 12.236 GWh. It was commissioned in July 2008.
# Talgarth railway station

Talgarth railway station is a former railway station on the Mid-Wales Railway. It opened in 1864 and closed in 1962, serving the town of Talgarth in Powys, Wales.

## History

The station was opened in 1864 concurrent with the opening of the Mid-Wales company line between Llanidloes and Talyllyn Junction; regular services commenced in September 1864 but special trains had run at the end of August.
Closure came on 31 December 1962 when all lines to Brecon including the Mid-Wales line were closed.

## Present day

The original station buildings survive as private residence and the trackbed is now in use as part of the A479 road.
# The Silver City

The Silver City is a 1956 memoir and historical piece written by Ion Idriess. It was based on Idriess' experiences of growing up in Broken Hill. It is also a general history of the city.
# Alfeiousa

Alfeiousa (Greek: Αλφειούσα, before 1927: Βολάντζα - Volantza) is a village in Elis, Greece.
It belongs to the municipal unit of Volakas, in the Municipality of Pyrgos. The village is approximately 9 km southeast of Pyrgos, 8 km west of Olympia, 4 km northeast of Epitalio and 2 km south of Salmoni, at an altitude of 31 meters.
Its residents are mainly engaged in agriculture, cultivating vines, olives and raisins.

## Etymology

In the past, the village was called Volantza, which probably derives from the Greek word βῶλαξ, meaning a lump of soil that is formed while plowing. Situated on the south bank of the river Alfeios, it was officially renamed to Alfeiousa in 1927, taking its name from the river.

## Population

| Year | Population |
| 1689 | 12 |
| 1879 | 706 |
| 1940 | 1,303 |
| 1951 | 1,207 |
| 1961 | 1,300 |
| 1981 | 1,017 |
| 1991 | 1,052 |
| 2001 | 988 |
| 2011 | 1,037 |
| 2021 | 722 |
# Anzor Koblev

Anzor Zaurovich Koblev (Russian: Анзор Заурович Коблев; born 2 August 1966) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player.

## Club career

He made his Russian Football National League debut for FC Druzhba Maykop on 25 April 1992 in a game against FC Uralan Elista. He played 5 seasons in the FNL for Druzhba, FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk and FC Gazovik-Gazprom Izhevsk.
# George LeRoy Hudson

George E. LeRoy Hudson (August 4, 1883 – January 14, 1952) was a politician from Alberta, Canada.
Hudson was first elected to the Alberta Legislature in the 1913 Alberta general election, winning the new Wainwright electoral district for the Conservative party in a hotly contested election over Liberal candidate and first Mayor of the Town of Wainwright Henry Yale Pawling in which he won by less than 100 votes.
Hudson was re-elected to his second term in the Legislature in the 1917 Alberta general election by acclamation under section 38 of the Election Act that stipulated that Members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta who went to fight overseas in World War I would not face an election in their districts.
In the 1921 Alberta general election Hudson was defeated in a landslide by John Russell Love, a candidate from the United Farmers of Alberta. He attempted to regain his seat and faced Love again in the 1926 Alberta general election re-gaining over 600 votes over his 1921 total but was still defeated by a wide plurality.