OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# South Siberian Mountains

The South Siberian Mountains (Russian: Южно-Сибирские горы, romanized: Yuzhno-Sibirskiye Gory) are one of the largest mountain systems of the Russian Federation. The total area of the system of mountain ranges is more than 1.5 million km². The South Siberian Mountains are located in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of Russia, as well as partly in Mongolia. The territory of the mountain system is one of the Great Russian Regions.

## Geography

The system is composed of a number of ranges aligned in an east–west direction stretching for almost 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi). Part of them are near the border with Mongolia and China, while others rise further north. To the south the South Siberian ranges merge with the Mongolian and Chinese mountain chains and plateaus. In the west lies the Dzungarian Basin and to the east the Mongolian Plateau. To the north the South Siberian Mountains merge with the West Siberian Lowland and the Central Siberian Plateau, both on the Russian side. To the southeast the Baikal Range is separated from the Eastern Sayan by the Baikal Rift Zone and the Tunkin Depression. To the northeast of its eastern end the South Siberian mountain system merges with the East Siberian Mountains.
Geologically the mountains of the system underwent a process of rejuvenation during the Alpine orogeny. Earthquakes are common all across the area of the system.
Owing to the mountainous terrain, large swathes of the South Siberian system are uninhabited. The main cities of the vast region are, from west to east: Krasnoyarsk, Angarsk, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude and Chita.

### Ranges

* Altai Mountains
** Saylyugem Mountains
** Chuya Belki
** Kuray Mountains
* Salair Ridge
* Kuznetsk Alatau
** Koshkulak (mountain range)
** Kharatas ridge
** Sunduki mountain range
* Sayan Mountains ( Western and Eastern )
** Ergaki
** Kitoy Range
** Kropotkin Range (Eastern Sayan)
* Tannu Ola
* Baikal Range
* Khamar Daban
* Ulan-Burgas
* Barguzin Range
* Yablonoi Mountains
* Chersky Range (Transbaikalia)
* Olyokma-Stanovik
* Khentei-Daur Highlands
** Khentei Range
** Chikokon Range
** Stanovik Range
* Ikat Range
* Vitim Plateau
** Bolshoy Khapton
* Selenga Highlands
* Stanovoy Highlands
** Kalar Range
** Udokan Range
** Kodar Range
** Delyun-Uran Range
** Northern Muya Range
** Southern Muya Range
* North Baikal Highlands
** Akitkan Range
** Synnyr Massif
** Upper Angara Range
* Patom Highlands
** Kropotkin Range
* Olyokma-Chara Plateau
* Aldan Highlands
** Sunnagyn Range
* Stanovoy Range
** Toko-Stanovik
* Primorsky Range
* South Siberian Mountains, Kuznetsk Alatau.
* View of the Sayan Range in Northern Tuva.
* The Primorsky Range rising above the western shores of Lake Baikal.

### Hydrography

Some of the main rivers of Siberia have their origin in the South Siberian mountain system, such as the Lena, Irtysh, the Yenisei and the Ob River. Other rivers of the area are the Argun, Tom, Shilka, Selenga, Katun and the Biya River. The great Lake Baikal is the most well-known lake of the region. Other much smaller lakes are Lake Teletskoye, Lake Markakol, Lake Todzha (Azas), Baunt and Noyon-Khol.
# Hufen

Hufen was a broad region along northwestern Königsberg, Germany, which developed into the quarters of Ratshof, Amalienau, Mittelhufen, and Vorderhufen. The territory is now part of the Tsentralny District of Kaliningrad, Russia.

## History

Hufen's name was derived from the system of measurement Hufe, approximately 30 morgen. Under the control of Altstadt by 1286, it was known as Huben by 1300. It originally extended north and west from Steindamm Gate. By 1710 Altstadt had foresters tending to the Kaporner Heath northwest of Königsberg, living along the Alte Pillauer Landstraße on the road to Pillau. Rich Königsbergers began to visit the countryside in summertime. By the end of the 18th century Hufen consisted of the estate Ratshof and the villages Vorderhufen ("near Hufen") in the north, Mittelhufen ("middle Hufen") in the northwest, and Hinterhufen ("further Hufen"), later known as Amalienau. Hardershof developed north of Mittelhufen in the early 19th century.
In 1786 Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Elder established the Bohlenweg, a road allowing easier access to the estate Pojenter Hof (later the Luisenwahl Park). The Bohlenweg-Verein was an association of villa owners founded at the beginning of the 19th century.
The theologian Ehregott Andreas Christoph Wasianski (July 3, 1755 - April 17, 1831), a friend and biographer of the great German philosopher Immanuel Kant, lived in what would become the Villa Hufenterrasse. In 1812 the Laufenhof manor was converted into the Villa Conradshof. Seven villas burned down in 1826.
Hufen was connected to Lawsken in 1829 by the construction of a chaussee. Hufen increasingly developed into residential suburbs for Königsberg's high society and financiers; notable buildings included Etablissement Conradshof, Park Villa Nova, Villa Hufenpark, Hufenterrasse, Villa Bella, the Konditorei Amende, Birkenhäuschen, Fortuna, Flora, Drachenfels, and Julchenthal.
Amalienau was incorporated into the city of Königsberg (Stadtkreis Königsberg i. Pr) piecemeal on 3 June 1898 and 1 April 1905. Vorderhufen and Mittelhufen were also merged into the city on the latter date. The main thoroughfare through Hufen was Hufen-Allee, which became Kniprodestraße in Steindamm and Neurossgarten at its eastern extremity and extended west to Königsberg's outer suburbs, such as Metgethen and Moditten. Hufen's streets were the first in Königsberg to be uniformly named, often honoring noted personalities from the city's history. The Zahnärztliches Institut, a dental institute, opened on Alte Pillauer Landstraße in 1921 under the direction of Paul Adloff.
While most of Königsberg was heavily damaged by the 1944 Bombing of Königsberg and the 1945 Battle of Königsberg, the quarters of Hufen were relatively unscathed by World War II and have been maintained in modern Kaliningrad.
# Töbäk-Çoqırça

Töbäk-Çoqırça (Tatar: Төбәк-Чокырча, romanized: Töbäk-Çoqırça) is a rural locality (a selo) in Arça District, Tatarstan. The population was 677 as of 2010. Töbäk-Çoqırça is located 3 km from Arça, district's administrative centre, and 67 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road. The village was established in 1940 by merging two villages (Töbäk and Çoqırça) into one. There are 15 streets in the village.
# Wombat (disambiguation)

Wombats (Latin: Vombatidae) are a family of Australian marsupials. Wombat or Wombats may also refer to:

## Aviation

* Wombat Gyrocopters, a British autogyro manufacturer
** Wombat Gyrocopters Wombat, a British autogyro design

## People

* Ian Damon (born 1935), Australian/UK broadcaster, nicknamed "Wombat"
* Graham Eadie (born 1953), Australian rugby league footballer, nicknamed "Wombat"
* Jan Howard Finder (1939-2013), American science fiction writer and academic administrator, nicknamed "The Wombat"

## Places

* Wombat, New South Wales, Australia, a small township
* Tolmie, Victoria, Australia, a small town originally called Wombat
* Wombat State Forest, Victoria, Australia
* Wombat Island, Enderby Land, Antarctica

## Science and technology

* 6827 Wombat (1990 SN4), a main-belt asteroid
* WOMBAT (diffractometer), a high-intensity neutron powder diffractometer
* Wombat (operating system), a high-performance virtualized port of Linux developed by National ICT Australia
* Wombat crossing, a raised pedestrian crossing
* Project Wombat, formerly named Stumpers-L, an e-mail list, members of which are called wombats
* Wombat Financial Software, a low latency market data business acquired by NYSE Euronext and renamed NYSE Technologies

## Arts and entertainment

* Wombat (TV series), an Australian children's television series
* Wombat, an Australian rapper
* The Wombats, an indie rock band from Liverpool, England
** The Wombats (EP), released in 2008

## Other uses

* L6 WOMBAT (Weapon Of Magnesium, Battalion, Anti-Tank), a version of the British 120 mm BAT recoilless rifle
* White Plains Wombats, a rugby league football team based in White Plains, New York
* Women's Mountain Bike and Tea Society (WOMBATS), a cycling group founded by Jacquie Phelan
* WOMBAT Situational Awareness and Stress Tolerance Test, a situation awareness or psychological assessment tool
* Wombat and Combat Wombat, 125cc motorcycles produced by Hodaka in the 1970s
* Wombat, a Humvee replica kit
# Tattwabodhini Patrika

Tattwabodhini Patrika (Bengali: তত্ত্ববোধিনী পত্রিকা, Tattwabodhini "truth-searching" Patrika "newspaper") was established by Debendranath Tagore on 16 August 1843, as a journal of the Tattwabodhini Sabha, and continued publication until 1883. It was published from Calcutta (now Kolkata), India. Its editorial board included Debendranath Tagore, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Akshay Kumar Dutta, Rajnarayan Basu, Rajendralal Mitra and Dwijendranath Tagore.
# Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991

Finland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991 with the song "Hullu yö", composed by Ile Kallio, with lyrics by Jukka Välimaa, and performed by Kaija. The Finnish participating broadcaster, Yleisradio (Yle), selected its entry through a national final.

## Before Eurovision
### National final

Yleisradio (Yle) held the national final at the Typhon Hall in Turku, hosted by Kati Bergman. Ten songs took part with the winner chosen by an "expert" jury, which included Tina Pettersson, who had represented Finland in 1990 with the group Beat, and veteran Finnish Eurovision conductor Ossi Runne. Other participants included former Finnish representatives Riki Sorsa (1981) and Kirka (1984).
Final – 2 March 1991 :
| Draw | Artist | Song | Songwriter(s) | Points | Place |
| 1 | Riki Sorsa | "Viimeinen tie" | Hans Sjöblom | 91 | 3 |
| 2 | Anna Hanski | "Elämän haitari" | Ilpo Murtojärvi [fi], Jukka Alihanka [fi] | 36 | 9 |
| 3 | Mervi Hiltunen [fi] and Jake Voutilainen | "Kauneimmat lauseet" | Jake Voutilainen, Hector | 30 | 10 |
| 4 | Arja Koriseva | "Enkelin silmin" | Matti Puurtinen [fi], Turkka Mali [fi] | 67 | 5 |
| 5 | Samuli Edelmann | "Peggy" | Jarmo Nikku [fi], Hector | 95 | 2 |
| 6 | Kaija Kärkinen | "Hullu yö" | Ile Kallio, Jukka Välimaa [fi] | 109 | 1 |
| 7 | Clifters [fi] | "I Love You" | Jiri Nikkinen [fi], Jaana Rinne [fi] | 51 | 7 |
| 8 | Nina Moberg | "Kuinka voisinkaan" | Jokke Seppälä [fi], Hector | 64 | 6 |
| 9 | Kirka | "Taivas ja maa" | Kisu Jernström [fi], Kassu Halonen [fi], Vexi Salmi | 88 | 4 |
| 10 | Arja Koriseva | "Molto presto" | Jukka Vuolle | 49 | 8 |

## At Eurovision

On the night of the final Kärkinen performed 16th in the running order, following Israel and preceding Germany. "Hullu yö" was the only rock-influenced song in the 1991 contest, but went largely unappreciated by the national juries as at the close of voting it had received only 6 points, placing Finland 20th of the 22 entries. The Finnish jury awarded its 12 points to Italy.
# Mary R. Bassett

Mary Robertson Bassett was a late 19th and early 20th century illustrator of magazines and children's books.

## Career

Mary Robertson Bassett illustrated magazines such as Ladies' Home Journal, and children's books published by P. F. Volland Company, Baker & Taylor Company, Grosset & Dunlap, and other publishers.
Her illustrations are sold at auction.

## Reception

Reviewers noted that her work was "unusually attractive", "charming", "beautifully illustrated", and "not only skilfully made, but also show a most appreciate feeling for the contents of the book." School and Home Education wrote of her work in Fairy Operettas (1916), "The imagination of the reader is agreeably stimulated by the illustrations from the pens and brushes of Mary Robertson Bassett."

## Selected works

* Wells, Carolyn, and Mary R. Bassett. Marjorie's New Friend. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1909. OCLC 3411644
* Freeman, Mary Eleanor Wilkins, and Mary R. Bassett. The Green Door. New York: Moffat, Yard and Company, 1910. OCLC 5327045
* Johnson, Clifton, and Mary R. Bassett. Little Folks' Book of Verse. New York: Baker & Taylor Co, 1911. OCLC 20809715
* Richards, Laura, and Mary Robertson Bassett. Fairy Operettas. Boston: Little, Brown, 1916. OCLC 5504251
* Croll, Pauline, and Mary R. Bassett. Just for You. Chicago: P.F. Volland Co, 1918. OCLC 610575342
* Johnson, Clifton, Mary R. Bassett and Will Hammell. Poems My Children Love Best of All. New York: Lloyd Adams Noble, 1918. OCLC 21766715
# Podalia (Lycia)

Podalia (Ancient Greek: Ποδαλία), also spelled Podalaea or Podalaia (Ποδαλαία), Podallia (Ποδαλλία), and Podaleia (Ποδάλεια), was a town of ancient Lycia, mentioned by several ancient authors.

## Name

Although this town in Lycia appeared in Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) under the name Podalaea, the more recent Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (1976) calls it Podalia. The form "Podalia" is also what appears in the 1902 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, and is used by David Cunliffe Pointer.
The city is called Podalia in Pliny the Elder's Natural History, in Hierocles's Synecdemus, and in the Notitiae Episcopatuum.

## Site

Smith reported the theory of Charles Fellows that the site of Podalia was at Eskihisar (Turkish for "old town"), near Almalec, where there are remains of ancient Cyclopean town walls and rock tombs; but the Princeton Encyclopedia dismisses that theory, and another that would place Podalia at Armutlu, as lacking evidence. A better theory, it holds, is that the town was situated at a place still called Podalia or Podamia on a hill at the northwest corner of the Avlan Gölü lake, 16 km south of Elmali. It sees as even more likely, and indeed almost certain, a site at Söğle, where there are remains of a large town for which no other identification is possible, since the only other candidate would be Choma, now positively identified with Hacimusalar, southwest of Elmali.

## History

Inscriptions show that, in the 2nd century AD, Podalia received benefits from Opramoas of Rhodiapolis and that it honoured Jason of Kyaneai. The very few coins of Podalia that have been found of the time of Gordian III (238–244).

## Bishopric

Podalia became a Christian bishopric, a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Mira, the capital of the Roman province of Lycia. Its bishop Callinicus took part in the First Council of Constantinople (381). Aquilinus was one of the signatories of the letter that in 458 the bishops of Lycia sent to Byzantine Emperor Leo I the Thracian concerning the murder of Proterius of Alexandria. A bishop named Ioannes was at a synod called by Menas of Constantinople in 536. Another Ioannes was at the Photian Council of Constantinople (879).
No longer a residential bishopric, Podalia is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.
# Follis

The follis (plural folles; Italian: follaro, Arabic: فلس, Fels) was a type of coin in the Roman and Byzantine traditions.

## Roman coin

The term follis is used for a large bronze Roman coin denomination introduced by Diocletian in about 294. The term "nummus" is now thought to be the actual ancient term, but usage of "nummus" has not caught on. At first the follis weighed about 10 grams and was about 4% silver, with a thin layer of silver on the surface. Over the next decades it declined both in size and in silver content.
The word follis means bag (usually made of leather) in Latin, and there is evidence that this term was used in antiquity for a sealed bag containing a specific amount of coinage. It has also been suggested that the coin was named Follis because of the ancient Greek word "φολίς" meaning a thin layer of metal (cf. Latin folium, "leaf") which covers the surface of various objects, since originally, this coin had a thin layer of silver on top. The 'follis' of Diocletian, despite efforts to enforce prices with the Edict on Maximum Prices (301), was revalued and reduced as time passed. By the time of Constantine the Great, it was smaller and barely contained any silver. A series of Constantinian bronzes was introduced in the mid-4th century, although the specific denominations are unclear and debated by historians and numismatists. They are referred to as AE1, AE2, AE3 and AE4, with the first being the largest (near 27 mm) and the last the smallest (averaging 15 mm) in diameter. Namely:
| AE1 | AE2 | AE3 | AE4 |
| over 25 mm | 21 – 25 mm | 17 – 21 mm | under 17 mm |

### Discoveries

Large hoards of folles have been discovered all across the Roman empire. For example, in Seaton Down, Devon, England, near the site of a second- to third-century Roman villa and fortifications, 22,888 folles were found in 2013. Fourth century folles represent the largest category of coin finds in the United Kingdom. Between 30,000 and 50,000 exceptionally well-preserved folles from the first half of the fourth century were discovered in the sea near the north-east shore of Sardinia in 2023.

## Byzantine coin

The term "follis" is used for the large bronze coin denomination (40 nummi) introduced in 498, with the coinage reform of Anastasius, which included a series of bronze denominations with their values marked in Greek numerals.
The fals (a corruption of follis) was a bronze coin issued by the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates beginning in the late 8th century, initially as imitations of the Byzantine follis.
# Parulia Union

Parulia (Bengali: পারুলিয়া) is a union parishad situated at the southwest part of Debhata Upazila, Satkhira District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh.
# Foldaskóli

Foldaskóli is a compulsory school in Reykjavík, Iceland, educating students in years 1 through 10. It was built to serve the then new suburban neighbourhood of Grafarvogur. The school opened in an unfinished building in 1985. The national curriculum in Innovation Education was developed at the school by two of its teachers.
Construction of the school building was completed in 1991. It consists of three separate units or houses. In 2001–03 the facilities were enlarged with additional classroom space, a new gymnasium and a new cafeteria kitchen. The school was designated a green flag school for environmental awareness and action in 2006 and 2008.
Enrollment grew rapidly at first, peaking at approximately 1,200 in 1990. It declined as the local population aged and as other schools were built nearby. In 2012 Foldaskóli became a consolidated school, including students from two areas previously served by their own schools; enrollment in the 2019–20 school year was approximately 500.
The head teacher is Kristrún Guðjónsdóttir. Previous head teachers were Arnfinnur Jónsson (1985–1992), Ragnar Gíslason (1992–2002), Kristinn Breiðfjörð Guðmundsson (2002–2016), Ágúst Ólason (2016–2017), Skúli Kristjánsson (2017–2018) and Bára Jóhannsdóttir (2018–2019).
The curriculum for Innovation Education (Icelandic: Nýsköpunarmennt), which is now required in all compulsory schools in Iceland in grades 4 through 7, was developed at Foldaskóli by two teachers, Gísli Þorsteinsson and Rósa Gunnarsdóttir, in 1998–2005. The school is the traditional host for an annual competition in the subject which began in the early 1990s.
# Labour Party Irish Society

The Labour Party Irish Society is a socialist society affiliated to the British Labour Party. It is a collective body of Labour Party members of Irish birth or descent, and those interested in Ireland and Irish affairs. It promotes the interests of the Irish in Britain as a whole, and encourages Irish people to become involved in the Labour Party and politics generally. Former chair of the society and current Labour Communications Director, Matthew Doyle, has also said that it works to "ensure that the relationship between Britain and Ireland is marked by mutual respect and friendship rather than the prejudice, discrimination and violence of the past."
In recent years the society, chaired by Liam Conlon the son of Sue Gray Keir Starmer's former Chief of Staff, has campaigned on extending abortion and same-sex marriage rights to Northern Ireland, as well as working on the repeal the 8th campaign in the Republic of Ireland. The society was also involved in campaigning for the Irish Labour Party in the 2020 general election.
# Global Television (Bangladeshi TV channel)

Global Television (Bengali: গ্লোবাল টেলিভিশন) is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language satellite and cable television channel owned by Globe Multimedia Limited, a subsidiary of Globe Pharma Group of Companies. It commenced official broadcasts on 30 June 2022 with the "Bishwamay Protidin" (বিশ্বময় প্রতিদিন; lit. 'Global everyday') slogan, and is based in Tejgaon, Dhaka. The channel's programming consists of both entertainment and news.

## History

Then Jatiya Sangsad member Md. Mamunur Rashid Kiron-owned Global Television's license to broadcast was granted by the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission in January 2017. Its frequency allocation was granted in May 2018. Before its launch, Global Television had uploaded its content, including dramas, onto its YouTube channel, which gained one million subscribers by the end of 2021.
On 18 June 2022, journalists working for the channel formed human chains in protest against attacks against journalists. Global Television commenced official transmissions on 30 June 2022 at 16:00 (BST), as the thirty-eighth television channel overall to be launched in Bangladesh. On 24 July 2022, three new drama television series, Monjil, Nirdosh, and Songsar, premiered on Global Television.
On 10 September 2024, the Bangladesh Satellite Company Limited temporarily shut the broadcasts of Global Television down at 14:00 (BST) due to failures in paying dues, as stated in a press release.

## Programming

* Ahladi Ahar
* Monjil
* Nirdosh
* Songsar
* Tilottoma
# Longneck

Longneck can refer to:
* "Longneck Bottle", a song written by Steve Wariner and Rick Carnes
* Longneck eel
* Long Neck, Delaware, United States
* a design of beer bottle
* a term for Apatosaurus or similarly structured dinosaurs
* Longneck, a Canada goose in the 2024 animated film The Wild Robot, voiced by Bill Nighy
# Decoteau, Edmonton

Decoteau is a future residential area in the southeast portion of the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It was named on October 28, 2014, for Alex Decoteau, a Cree track and field athlete who competed for Canada in the 1912 Summer Olympics and was also the country's first aboriginal police officer.

## Geography

Located in southeast Edmonton, Decoteau is bounded by 50 Street SW to the west, 41 Avenue SW to the south, Meridian Street to the east and a combination of Anthony Henday Drive (Highway 216) and Ellerslie Road SW to the north.
Leduc County is located beyond 41 Avenue SW to the south while Strathcona County is beyond Meridian Street to the east. The Southeast Edmonton residential area is located across 50 Street SW to the west, while Mill Woods and The Meadows are located across Anthony Henday Drive to the northwest and north respectively.

## Neighbourhoods

The Decoteau Area Structure Plan area is planned to be developed into five neighbourhoods. The Decoteau area includes the following:
* Alces,
* Decoteau,
* Kettle Lakes,
* Meltwater,
* Snowberry

## Surrounding areas

vtePlaces adjacent to Decoteau, Edmonton :
Mill Woods
The Meadows
Strathcona County
Southeast Edmonton
Decoteau
Strathcona County
Leduc County
Leduc County
Leduc County :
# Duratón River Gorges Natural Park

Duratón River Gorges Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Natural de las Hoces del Río Duratón) is a natural park of 5,037 hectares (12,450 acres), 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) west of Sepúlveda, Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. The park contains a series of 100 metres (330 ft) high gorges that were formed by the Duratón River.
Saint Fructus (San Frutos) established himself here as a hermit in the 8th century; a monastery dedicated to him also exists within the park.
The park surrounds the pre-existing villages of Sepúlveda, Sebúlcor, and Carrascal del Río.
It is home to a population of griffon vultures, along with Egyptian vultures, common kestrels, and peregrine falcons.