OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nata, Cyprus

Nata (Greek: Νατά) is a village in the Paphos District of southwest Cyprus with approximately 300 residents.
The largest dam in Paphos starts at Nata and supplies water to the majority of Paphos District, which has a population of 76,100.
It has an Orthodox church called St. Nicholas (Greek: Άγιος Νικόλαος, Agios Nikolaos) in the centre of the village and another church under renovation built around the 14th century which is heritage listed.
# Andalucía Masters

The Andalucía Masters is a golf tournament on the European Tour. It was first played in 2010 at the Valderrama Golf Club in Sotogrande, Spain. It was played at the same location as the former Volvo Masters. The 2012 edition was cancelled, only a month before the event was due to start, as the new local government wished to cut costs. The event did not return until 2017, when it was hosted by 2011 champion Sergio García, who had hosted the Open de España at the same venue in 2016.
In 2019, the event was added to the Open Qualifying Series, giving up to three non-exempt players entry into The Open Championship.
The 2022 event was the final edition of the tournament to be held at Valderrama due to LIV Golf acquiring it as a venue for the 2023 LIV Golf League. Having signed a five-year deal with LIV Golf, Valderrama was removed by the European Tour as one of their venues. In July 2023, it was announced that Real Club de Golf Sotogrande would be the new host venue for the Andalucía Masters.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| Estrella Damm N.A. Andalucía Masters |||||||
| 2024 | Julien Guerrier | 267 | −21 | Playoff | Jorge Campillo |
| 2023 | Adrian Meronk | 272 | −16 | 1 stroke | Matti Schmid |
| 2022 | Adrián Otaegui | 265 | −19 | 6 strokes | Joakim Lagergren |
| 2021 | Matt Fitzpatrick | 278 | −6 | 3 strokes | Min Woo Lee Sebastian Söderberg |
| 2020 | John Catlin | 286 | +2 | 1 stroke | Martin Kaymer |
| 2019 | Christiaan Bezuidenhout | 274 | −10 | 6 strokes | Adri Arnaus Eduardo de la Riva Mike Lorenzo-Vera Álvaro Quirós Jon Rahm |
| Andalucía Valderrama Masters |||||||
| 2018 | Sergio García (3) | 201 | −12 | 4 strokes | Shane Lowry |
| 2017 | Sergio García (2) | 272 | −12 | 1 stroke | Joost Luiten |
| Andalucía Masters |||||||
| 2013–2016: No tournament |||||||
| 2012 | Cancelled due to lack of funding | Cancelled due to lack of funding | Cancelled due to lack of funding | Cancelled due to lack of funding | Cancelled due to lack of funding |
| 2011 | Sergio García | 278 | −6 | 1 stroke | Miguel Ángel Jiménez |
| Andalucía Valderrama Masters |||||||
| 2010 | Graeme McDowell | 281 | −3 | 2 strokes | Søren Kjeldsen Gareth Maybin Damien McGrane |
# UH88

The University of Hawaiʻi 88-inch (2.24-meter) telescope—called UH88, UH2.2, or simply 88 by members of the local astronomical community—is situated at the Mauna Kea Observatories and operated by the University's Institute for Astronomy. It was constructed in 1968, and entered service in 1970, at which point it was known as "The Mauna Kea Observatory". It became one of the first professional telescopes to be controlled by a computer. The telescope was built with funding from NASA, to support Solar System missions, and is controlled by the University of Hawaiʻi. The success of the telescope helped demonstrate the value of Mauna Kea for astronomical observations.
On December 4, 1984 it became the first telescope to make optical closure phase measurements on an astronomical source using an aperture mask.
UH88 is a Cassegrain reflector tube telescope with an f/10 focal ratio, supported by a large open fork equatorial mount. It was the last telescope on Mauna Kea to use a tube design rather than an open truss, and is the largest in the complex to use an open fork mount, with neighboring telescopes in the 3-meter class using English mount designs.
As the only research telescope controlled solely by the University, UH88 has long been the primary telescope used by its professors, postdoctoral scholars, and graduate students, and, as a result, the site of numerous discoveries. David C. Jewitt and Jane X. Luu discovered the first Kuiper belt object, 15760 Albion, using UH88, and a team led by Jewitt and Scott S. Sheppard discovered 45 of the known moons of Jupiter, as well as moons of Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
The Institute for Astronomy also makes agreements with other organizations for portions of available observing time. Currently, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan uses UH88 for some research projects for which its far larger and more expensive Subaru Observatory, also on Mauna Kea, would be overkill. The Nearby Supernova Factory project, based at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, also has its Supernova Integrated Field Spectrograph (SNIFS) instrument mounted on UH88.
In June 2011, the telescope and its weather station were struck by lightning, damaging many systems and disabling it, but the telescope was repaired by August 2011. Some of the systems at the observatory were 41 years old at the time of the damage and had to be reverse engineered to be fixed. The weather station is currently under development.
* Telescope building
* A view inside the dome, showing the telescope and its equatorial mount
* Hardware mounted on the bottom of the telescope tube
* Hardware mounted on the side of the telescope tube
* Control room
* Control box, which appears to be for manually aiming the telescope
* Commemorative plaque for the telescope
# The World Only Spins Forward

The World Only Spins Forward: The Ascent of Angels in America is an oral history of the play Angels in America, first published in 2018. Theater director and writer Isaac Butler and journalist Dan Kois co-authored the history based upon interviews conducted in 2016–2017 with people involved with the play in different ways. The oral history was originally compiled by the authors for the 2016 Slate cover story "Angels in America: The Complete Oral History". The release of the book commemorated the 25th anniversary of the play's Broadway theatre premiere in 1993.

## Overview

The oral history draws from around 250 interviews with people directly and indirectly involved with Angels in America, ranging from its playwright Tony Kushner to former Congressman Barney Frank. Quotes from these interviews are combined with relevant selections from the play, contemporary press coverage, and photos to tell the story of the play, its context, and its impact. The book begins by setting the social and political context for the work, exploring how such events as the 1978 assassination of Harvey Milk and the beginnings of the AIDS crisis in the 1980s influenced and inspired Kushner's writing of the play. It then follows the writing, development, and initial production history of the play, examining how it went from a small theater in San Francisco to winning the Tony Award for Best Play during its Broadway run. The social and political impacts of the play are also explored, as well as its legacy in the theater world and its continued importance and relevance as a work of art. The book also covers how subsequent productions of the play, such as those in politically conservative areas, came to be and how their audiences and communities reacted to them.

## Reviews

Steven Winn, writing for SFGATE, praised the authors' ability to capture the lasting significance of Angels in America and to vividly depict what goes into great theater, but noted that the amount of detail included in the book was sometimes overwhelming. Alyssa Rosenberg of The Washington Post described the history as a "vital book about how to make political art that offers lasting solace in times of great trouble, and wisdom to audiences in the years that follow."

## Release details

Butler, Isaac; Kois, Dan (February 13, 2018). The World Only Spins Forward: The Ascent of Angels in America. New York: Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781635571769.
# Kord Kheyl, Esfivard-e Shurab

Kord Kheyl (Persian: كردخيل) is a village in Esfivard-e Shurab Rural District, in the Central District of Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,055, in 277 families.
# Condylostoma nuclear code

The Condylostoma nuclear code (translation table 28) is a genetic code used by the nuclear genome of the heterotrich ciliate Condylostoma magnum. This code, along with translation tables 27 and 31, is remarkable in that every one of the 64 possible codons can be a sense codon. Experimental evidence suggests that translation termination relies on context, specifically proximity to the poly(A) tail. Near such a tail, PABP could help terminate the protein by recruiting eRF1 and eRF3 to prevent the cognate tRNA from binding.

## The code (28)

    AAs = FFLLSSSSYYQQCCWWLLLAPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG
    Starts = ----------**--*--------------------M----------------------------
    Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
    Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG
    Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), and Valine (Val, V).

## Differences from the standard code

| DNA codons | RNA codons | This code (28) | This code (28) | This code (28) | Standard code (1) |
| TAA | UAA | Ter (*) | or | Gln (Q) | Ter (*) |
| TAG | UAG | Ter (*) | or | Gln (Q) | Ter (*) |
| TGA | UGA | Ter (*) | or | Trp (W) | Ter (*) |
# Mechili

Mechili (Arabic: المخيلي) is a small village in Cyrenaica, Libya and the site of a former Turkish fort. It is nearly 274 km (170 mi) east of Benghazi and 80 km (50 mi) west of Timimi.

## Geography

Because of its location in the desert, Mechili suffered in the past from isolation. However, its isolation ended after the paving of the Charruba–Timimi desert road between the years 1975–1985, and this road became the preferred route for travel between Tobruk and Benghazi. The village sits at an elevation of 196 meters (643 feet).

## World War II

* In January 1941, the British force named “Western Desert Force” under command of General Richard O’Connor (after taking Tobruk on 22 January) executed a daring outflanking movement and took Mechili from Italian forces on 27 January.
* On 7 April the same year, the Italian armoured division Ariete captured the British garrison at Mechili as a part of German Lieutenant General Erwin Rommel's first offensive through Cyrenaica with the goal of encircling the British forces, and this helped in capturing O’Connor near Derna the same month.
* On 18 December 1941, British forces re-took Mechili as a part of Operation Crusader.
* In early February 1942, Rommel's forces again took Mechili as a part of his second offensive through Cyrenaica.
* In November 1942, the British forces occupied Mechili for the last time.

## Citations

* ↑ Rommel's North Africa Campaign: September 1940 – November 1942, Jack Greene, Alessandro Massignani, Da Capo Press, 1999
* ↑ Walker, Ian (2012). Iron Hulls, Iron Hearts: Mussolini's Elite Armoured Divisions in North Africa. Crowood. p. 71. ISBN 1847974732.
# Chiusa di San Michele

Chiusa di San Michele (Piedmontese: Ciusa San Michel, Arpitan: Kiusa, French: L'Écluse) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Turin.

## Geography

Chiusa di San Michele borders the municipalities of Condove, Caprie, Vaie, Sant'Ambrogio di Torino, Valgioie, and Coazze.
There is the monastery of Sacra di San Michele in the vicinity.
# Louis Tull

Sir Louis Randall Tull KA SC MP (born 27 January 1938) is a Barbados criminal attorney-at-Law and former BLP Member of Parliament.

## Career

Louis Randall Tull was born in Lears, Saint Michael, Barbados on 27 January 1938.
Having specialized in criminal law, Tull worked successfully at the Bar in Barbados during 1968.
His first political appointment was as Minister of Education and Culture in 1976. In 1971 he became a Senator in the Barbados Senate and in 1976 an elected Member of Parliament in the House Assembly Barbados, Bridgetown between 1976 and 1981.
In 1975 as Minister of Education and Culture, Tull attended and gave a speech at the opening ceremony where Her Majesty the Queen and Prince Philip unveiled the plaque for Barbados Community College’s $2.8 million expansion of its laboratories, auditoriums, gymnasium, library and student center in Bridgetown (1970-1975).
Tull has been a popular and distinguished Minister of Education and Culture and a dedicated representative of St. George South since 1976. As Minister of Education and Culture, he introduced the new Education Act which became law in May this year and initiated the planning for the CARIFESTA programme, after winning Barbados as the venue for the fourth Caribbean Festival.
In 1979 he represented the BLP party in St. Philip (South) and in 1981 wins by 1,623 votes.
He was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1981 and Attorney-General, minister foreign affairs between 1981 and 1985 (succeeded Mr. Henry Forde); Minister of commerce, industry and consumer affairs for 1985/1986 and a Member of the Senate from 1986.
The nearby island of Grenada was going through a political crisis in 1983 and Barbados’ Prime Minister at the time, Tom Adams, had an intense dislike of Bishop of Grenada but Foreign Minister Tull was not sold on the idea of any invasion and thought he might turn Bishop so on 21 Jan 1983 went as a delegate to Cuna for talks.
On 3 Dec 1997, as special envoy of the Minister of Foreign Affairs for Barbados, Mr Tull was at the signing ceremony of the Mine Ban Treaty which committed Barbados and the Caribbean to a land mine-free zone.

## Honours and awards

Among some of his achievements, Tull was decorated in 1981 with the highest Colombian award, "The Great Cross of Boyaca" by Dr. Carlos Simmonds, Colombia's Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was also appointed to the Bar at the Inner Temple, London as Barbados' newest Queen's Counsel.
Awarded Legal Education Certificate on 14 September 1984 from Ocho Rios, Jamaica.
He was given Membership of UWI Campus Council Cave Hill between 2005 and 2006.
For his service to the country, in November 2006, Tull received the Knight of St Andrew, an award within the Order of Barbados introduced by Barbados in 1980.
# Fouras

Fouras, also known as Fouras-les-Bains (French pronunciation:), is a commune in the French department of Charente-Maritime, administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2015: Poitou-Charentes). It lies 34 km south of La Rochelle.

## Geography

Fouras is on a peninsula. It is bordered by five beaches and a forest named "Bois Vert" ("Green Wood" in English) which covers 20% of its surface area.
There is a causeway linking Fouras to Fort Énet, which is walkable at low tide, in the direction of Île-d'Aix. The pier for the island of Aix is also located in the territory of the commune.
The south coast of the peninsula of Fouras forms the northern side of the mouth of the river Charente. A little further south is the Île d'Oléron. Off the island between Aix and the Oleron Island is Fort Boyard, which was made famous by the French and U.K. TV game shows of the same name and whose character "Père Fouras" (, also incorrectly pronounced) increased the celebrity of the town.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 615 | — |
| 1800 | 638 | +0.53% |
| 1806 | 645 | +0.18% |
| 1821 | 736 | +0.88% |
| 1831 | 860 | +1.57% |
| 1836 | 843 | −0.40% |
| 1841 | 800 | −1.04% |
| 1846 | 833 | +0.81% |
| 1851 | 823 | −0.24% |
| 1856 | 870 | +1.12% |
| 1861 | 926 | +1.26% |
| 1866 | 1,028 | +2.11% |
| 1872 | 1,138 | +1.71% |
| 1876 | 1,256 | +2.50% |
| 1881 | 1,679 | +5.98% |
| 1886 | 1,877 | +2.25% |
| 1891 | 1,887 | +0.11% |
| 1896 | 1,989 | +1.06% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 2,171 | +1.77% |
| 1906 | 2,461 | +2.54% |
| 1911 | 2,499 | +0.31% |
| 1921 | 2,399 | −0.41% |
| 1926 | 2,322 | −0.65% |
| 1931 | 2,166 | −1.38% |
| 1936 | 2,474 | +2.69% |
| 1946 | 3,013 | +1.99% |
| 1954 | 4,068 | +3.82% |
| 1962 | 4,121 | +0.16% |
| 1968 | 3,634 | −2.07% |
| 1975 | 3,612 | −0.09% |
| 1982 | 3,295 | −1.30% |
| 1990 | 3,238 | −0.22% |
| 1999 | 3,835 | +1.90% |
| 2007 | 4,056 | +0.70% |
| 2012 | 4,083 | +0.13% |
| 2017 | 4,006 | −0.38% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Vauban Fortress

The "Vauban Fortress" (French: fort Vauban,) was initially a strategic fortification established by Philip the Fair, circa 1300. The donjon was rebuilt in 1480-1490 by Jehan II de Brosse. In 1689, Ferry reinforced the walls of the Donjon to set up a battery of 9 canons and a signaling point. In 1693 a lower circular battery was set up to control access to the river Charente. The donjon received a signal station from 1889 to World War II.

## Gallery

* Fisherman's Cabin
* Fouras donjon in the "Vauban Fortress".
* The "Vauban Fortress" (Fort Vauban) in Fouras.
* Fort Boyard

## People

* Charles-Amable Lenoir
# William of Jumièges

William of Jumièges (born c. 1000 – died after 1070) (French: Guillaume de Jumièges) was a contemporary of the events of 1066, and one of the earliest writers on the subject of the Norman conquest of England. He is himself a shadowy figure, only known by his dedicatory letter to William the Conqueror as a monk of Jumièges. Since he also mentions that he was an eyewitness of some events from the reign of Duke Richard III (1026-7), it seems reasonable to assume that he was born some time about the year 1000. He probably entered the monastery during the first quarter of the eleventh century and received his education from Thierry de Mathonville. According to Orderic Vitalis, William's nickname was "Calculus". The meaning behind this nickname is unknown. His death, after 1070, is unrecorded. He was a Norman writing from a Norman point of view. Although only a monk with evidently no military training, he wrote with pride in the accomplishments of his people.
William of Jumièges was the original compiler of the history known as the Gesta Normannorum Ducum ("Deeds of the Dukes of the Normans"), written in about 1070. This was built upon the framework of an earlier history compiled by Dudo of Saint-Quentin, De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum, between c. 996 and c. 1015. This work was commissioned by Duke Richard I, and "was renewed by his half-brother, Count Rodulf of Ivry, and his son Duke Richard II (996-1026)... Dudo's work was taken up by William of Jumièges in the 1050s, who revised, abbreviated and updated his De moribus and added an account of the reigns of Dukes Richard II, Richard III (1026-7), Robert I (1027-35), and William II [William the Conqueror]." He finished this by 1060 but added to it later when William the Conqueror had become king of England, bringing events up to 1070. The Gesta Normannorum Ducum was later expanded by the 12th-century monkish chroniclers Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni.

## Sources

* The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni, edited and translated by Elisabeth M. C. Van Houts, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995.
* The Battle of Hastings, Interpretations and Sources, edited by Stephen Morillo, The Boydell Press, 1996.
# Khumra (Islam)

Khumra (Arabic: خمرة) are a Muslim community found mainly in the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh in India. They are also known as Sangtarash and Hansiri. A few were also found in Panipat and Karnal in Haryana, most of whom are now found in Pakistan. They generally refer themselves as Khumra Shaikh.
The community has been granted Other Backward Classes status in Uttar Pradesh.
# Cherskii–Kolyma mountain tundra

The Cherskii–Kolyma mountain tundra ecoregion (WWF ID: PA1103) is an ecoregion that covers the higher elevations of the Chersky Range and the Kolyma Mountains, the only large mountain range in northern Russia. It is in the Palearctic realm, and tundra biome. It has an area of 556,589 square kilometres (214,900 sq mi).

## Location and description

The ecoregion encompasses terrain above 800 meters in the Chersky Range and Kolyma Mountains, in a mosaic of territory stretching 2,000 km from the Lena River in the west to the eastern edge of the Kolyma Mountains, and approximately 1,000 km from the Okhotsk Sea in the south to the coastal plain of the Arctic Sea in the north. The highest peaks reach 3,000 meters at Peak Pobeda.

## Climate

Most of the region has a Subarctic climate - very cold (Koppen classification Dfd). This climate is characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers with no month averaging over 22 °C (72 °F), and only one to three months in which the mean temperature rises above 10 °C (50 °F). Mean precipitation is about 237 mm/year. The mean temperature at the center of the ecoregion is −46.8 °C (−52.2 °F) in January, and 10.6 °C (51.1 °F) in July.

## Flora and fauna

Only hardy species can survive year around at altitude in this ecoregion. A few stands of larch may reach up to 1,000 meters, above that to about 1,900 meters might be found sub-alpine dwarf pine, followed by a thin zone of alpine tundra to 2,200 meters, and no plants above 2,200 meters.

## Protections

There is one significant nationally protected area that reaches into this ecoregion, the Magadan Nature Reserve, on the southern edge of the ecoregion along the sea of Okhotsk.
# National Route 148 (Costa Rica)

National Secondary Route 148, or just Route 148 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Secundaria 148, or Ruta 148) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Alajuela province.

## Description

In Alajuela province the route covers Naranjo canton (Naranjo, San Juan, Palmitos districts), Palmares canton (Palmares, Buenos Aires districts).
# RedRover (organization)

RedRover is an animal welfare nonprofit that focuses on bringing animals from crisis to care and strengthening the human-animal bond. It was founded (as 'United Animal Nations') in Sacramento, California in 1987. It is not affiliated with United Animal Nations (International) based in Switzerland.

## History

Through its volunteer-driven RedRover Responders program (formerly Emergency Animal Rescue Service (EARS)), RedRover temporarily shelters animals displaced during disasters across the United States and Canada. In 2005, 435 EARS volunteers cared for more than 2,100 animal victims of Hurricane Katrina and later, Hurricane Rita at six locations in three states. In June 2008, RedRover deployed to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to care for nearly 900 animals displaced by historic flooding there. In 2015, RedRover Responders were involved in sheltering and nursing back to health of 166 dogs and cats in Adams County, Ohio. Volunteers from RedRover together with others from Rescue Rebuild converted rooms in an emergency support housing shelter in Longview, Washington, to make them “pet-friendly” to better meet the needs of survivors with pets, in 2016. In 2019, Red Rover volunteers deployed to El Dorado County for a 7-day rescue effort which saw 300 animals rescued.
RedRover's Relief Program helps pet owners and Good Samaritans obtain urgent veterinary care for animals in life-threatening situations.

## Programs

The RedRover Responders Program temporarily shelters and cares for animals displaced by natural disasters and other crises, such as criminal seizures and hoarding cases, in the United States and Canada.
The RedRover Relief Program (formerly LifeLine Grant Program) provides funding to pet owners and Good Samaritans to help them care for animals in life-threatening situations.
RedRover's Readers Program fosters compassion and empathy for animals and empowers people to make choices that improve animal lives.