# Soyuz-T

The Soyuz-T (Russian: Союз-T, Union-T) spacecraft was the third generation Soyuz spacecraft, in service for seven years from 1979 to 1986. The T stood for transport (транспортный, Transportny). The revised spacecraft incorporated lessons learned from the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, Soyuz 7K-TM and Military Soyuz.
The Soyuz-T was a major upgrade over previous Soyuz spacecraft, sporting solid-state electronics for the first time and a much more advanced onboard computer to help overcome the chronic docking problems that affected cosmonauts during space station missions. In addition, solar panels returned, allowing the Soyuz-T to fly up to 11 days independently as well as a redesigned propulsion system, the KTDU-426. Finally, it could carry three cosmonauts with pressure suits.

## Missions

Between 1979 and 1986, a total of 18 Soyuz T spacecraft were launched into LEO, 13 of which carried cosmonauts to and from the space stations Salyut 6, Salyut 7, and Mir.
| Mission | Crew | Launch | Landing | Duration | Notes |
| Kosmos 1001 | None | 4 Apr 1978 | 15 Apr 1978 | 11 days | |
| Kosmos 1074 | None | 31 Jan 1979 | 1 Apr 1979 | 60 days | Last Soyuz spacecraft with a Kosmos designation |
| Soyuz T-1 | None | 16 Dec 1979 | 25 Mar 1980 | 100 days | Uncrewed test flight to Salyut 6 |
| Soyuz T-2 | Salyut 6 EP-6: Yury Malyshev Vladimir Aksyonov | 5 Jun 1980 | 9 Jun 1980 | 4 days | Crewed test flight |
| Soyuz T-3 | Salyut 6 EO-5: Leonid Kizim Oleg Makarov Gennady Strekalov | 27 Nov 1980 | 10 Dec 1980 | 13 days | First Soyuz mission with a three cosmonaut crew since the fatal flight of Soyuz 11 |
| Soyuz T-4 | Salyut 6 EO-6: Vladimir Kovalyonok Viktor Savinykh | 12 Mar 1981 | 26 May 1981 | 75 days | |
| Soyuz T-5 | Salyut 7 EO-1: Anatoli Berezovoy Valentin Lebedev | 13 May 1982 | 27 Aug 1982 | 106 days | Both Berezovoy and Lebedev returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-7 after 211 days in space |
| Soyuz T-6 | Salyut 7 EP-1: Vladimir Dzhanibekov Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Jean-Loup Chrétien | 24 Jun 1982 | 2 Jul 1982 | 8 days | Chrétien becomes the first French citizen in space |
| Soyuz T-7 | Salyut 7 EP-2: Leonid Popov Aleksandr Serebrov Svetlana Savitskaya | 19 Aug 1982 | 10 Dec 1982 | 113 days | Savitskaya becomes the second woman in space after Valentina Tereshkova in 1963. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-5 after 8 days in space |
| Soyuz T-8 | Vladimir Titov Gennady Strekalov Aleksandr Serebrov | 20 Apr 1983 | 22 Apr 1983 | 2 days | Failed to reach Salyut 7 after its Igla docking system was damaged during launch |
| Soyuz T-9 | Salyut 7 EO-2: Vladimir Lyakhov Aleksandr Aleksandrov | 27 Jun 1983 | 23 Nov 1983 | 149 days | |
| Soyuz T-10-1 | Vladimir Titov Gennadi Strekalov | 26 Sept 1983 | 26 Sept 1983 | 5 minutes and 13 seconds | Failed to reach Salyut 7 after its carrier rocket caught fire and exploded, thus activating its launch escape system |
| Soyuz T-10 | Salyut 7 EO-3: Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Oleg Atkov | 8 Feb 1984 | 11 Apr 1984 | 63 days | All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-11 after 237 days in space |
| Soyuz T-11 | Salyut 7 EP-3: Yuri Malyshev Gennady Strekalov Rakesh Sharma | 3 Apr 1984 | 2 Oct 1984 | 182 days | Sharma becomes first Indian citizen in space. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-10 after 8 days in space |
| Soyuz T-12 | Salyut 7 EP-4: Vladimir Dzhanibekov Svetlana Savitskaya Igor Volk | 17 Jul 1984 | 29 Jul 1984 | 12 days | |
| Soyuz T-13 | Salyut 7 EO-4a: Vladimir Dzhanibekov Viktor Savinykh | 6 Jun 1985 | 26 Sept 1985 | 112 days | Repaired the crippled station during their stay. Savinykh returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-14 after 168 days in space |
| Soyuz T-14 | Salyut 7 EO-4b: Vladimir Vasyutin Alexander Volkov Salyut 7 EP-5: Georgi Grechko | 17 Sept 1985 | 21 Nov 1985 | 65 days | Grechko returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-13 after 9 days in space. Mission ended prematurely after Vasyutin fell ill aboard the station |
| Soyuz T-15 | Salyut 7 EO-5 / Mir EO-1: Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov | 13 Mar 1986 | 16 Jul 1986 | 125 days | Visited both Salyut 7 and Mir, the only crewed spaceflight to visit two space stations simultaneously |