OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vladimir Kirpichnikov

Vladimir Samuilovich Kirpichnikov (Russian: Владимир Самуилович Кирпичников, Latvian: Vladimirs Kirpičņikovs; born July 4, 1948, in Riga) is a Soviet/Latvian chess FIDE Master (FM, 2023) who won the Latvian Chess Championship in 1974.

## Chess career

Vladimir Kirpichnikov started to play chess at the age of 10. He achieved Soviet chess master title in 1968. In 1974 he shared first place with Juzefs Petkēvičs in Latvian Chess Championship and later both were declared champions. In 1977 he won the Latvian master national tournament and participated in the next year international tournament in Jūrmala. Vladimir Kirpichnikov played for Latvia in Soviet Team chess championships:
* In 1967, at boy board in the 10th Soviet Team chess championship in Moscow (+1 −2 =6);
* In 1975, at seventh board in the 13th Soviet Team chess championship in Riga (+0 −1 =4).
Vladimir Kirpichnikov played for Latvian team "Daugava" in Soviet Team chess cup:
* In 1968, at second boy board in the 6th Soviet Team chess cup in Riga (+4 −4 =3);
* In 1971, at fifth board in the 7th Soviet Team chess cup in Rostov-on-Don 4 from 6 (third place at board);
* In 1974, at third board in the 8th Soviet Team chess cup in Moscow (+3 −1 =5);
* In 1976, at third board in the 9th Soviet Team chess cup in Tbilisi (+0 −4 =2).
# Jharkhand Disom Party

Jharkhand Disom Party was a political party in India. The party was founded 2002 by Bharatiya Janata Party Member of Parliament Salkhan Murmu. The party works for the rights of the Adivasi peoples. For example, the party works for more quotas and reservations for Adivasis.
In 2003, JDP launched the Jharkhand Front together with four other parties, namely Jharkhand People's Party, Jharkhand Party (Naren), Jharkhand Party (Horo) and Jharkhand Vikas Dal.
In the Lok Sabha elections in 2004, the JDP launched four candidates from West Bengal, two from Bihar and one from Jharkhand.
Jharkhand Disom Party supports Raj Thackeray's Maharashtra Navnirman Sena's agitations against North Indians in Maharashtra.
In August 2014, Salkhan Murmu merged his Jharkhand Disom Party into the BJP in presence of former Jharkhand Chief Minister Arjun Munda.
# Branko Zupan

Branko Zupan (born 22 September 1964) is a Slovenian football manager and former player who played as a goalkeeper.

## Playing career

Zupan made his debut for Slovenia in an October 1993 friendly match against Macedonia and earned a total of 8 caps, until 1996.
# Bachana Chahane Haru

Bachana Chahane Haru (Nepali: बाँच्न चाहनेहरु) is a 1982 Nepali film directed by Pratap Subba. Shanti Thatal was the music director.

## Film

The film was shot in various places of Darjeeling district, India. The lyrics were penned by Norden Rumba. The hero of the movie was Kiran Thakuri. Biswa Hingmang played the role of a police subinspector. The lead actress Punya Prabha Lohar was featured as a prostitute in the movie. The director, Pratap Subba, later married Punya Prabha.

## Soundtrack

| Track | Artists |
| Mo Ta Mandina | Pema Lama, Bimala Cintury Pradhan |
| Naya Naya Gham Ko Kiran | Bimala Cintury Pradhan |
| Harara Barara | Pema Lama, Kunti Moktan, Monika Thatal, Bimala Cintury Pradhan |
| Bachana Chahane Manchey | Pema Lama |
| Mitho Mitho | Pema Lama, Bimala Cintury Pradhan |
| Timro Resam Herai | Bimala Pradhan, Monika Thatal |
# Brass Founders' Pillar

The Brass Founders' Pillar, also known as the Brassfounders Column, is a monumental column in Edinburgh, Scotland.

## History

The column was designed by James Gowans as the showpiece for the Brassfounders' Guild of Edinburgh and Leith for the International Exhibition of Industry, Science and Art, a world's fair held in Edinburgh in 1886. The statue at the top of the statue depicts Tubal-cain and was designed by John Stevenson Rhind. At the fair, the column won a gold medal. Following the fair, the monument was moved to Nicolson Square in Edinburgh, where it still stands. In 2008, the square and column underwent slight restoration.

## Design

The monument consists of a granite base with a bronze square shaft consisting of six tiers. Each tier shows a heraldic coat of arms. The bronze statue of Tubal-cain on top of the shaft is in reference to his description in the Book of Genesis as being the first metalsmith. A bronze plaque attached to the base reads:
   Executed and Erected by the Brassfounders of Edinburgh and Leith in Commemoration of the International Exhibition of 1886 and Presented to the City by the East of Scotland Brassfounders Society, 1909. Designed by James Gowans, Lord Dean of Guild of Edinburgh.
# Nonhelema

Nonhelema Hokolesqua (c. 1718–1786) was an 18th century Shawnee leader and sister of Cornstalk. She was a participant in Pontiac's War and advocated Shawnee neutrality during the American Revolutionary War. Following the war, and despite her support for the United States, Nonhelema's village was attacked. Her husband, Shawnee Chief Moluntha, was killed, and Nonhelema was captured. She died later that year.
Born in 1718 into the Chalakatha (Chilliothe) division of the Shawnee nation and spent her early youth in Pennsylvania. Her brother Cornstalk, and her Métis mother Katee accompanied her father Okowellos to the Alabama country in 1725. Their family returned to Pennsylvania within five years. In 1734 she married her first husband, a Chalakatha chief. By 1750 Nonhelema was a Shawnee chief, having significant influence within the Shawnee settlement in Kentucky known as Lower Shawneetown.
Nonhelema had three husbands. The first was a Shawnee man. The third was Shawnee Chief Moluntha. She had a son, Thomas McKee, through her relationship with Indian agent Colonel Alexander McKee and another son, Captain Butler/Tamanatha, through her relationship with Colonel Richard Butler.
Nonhelema, known as a warrior, stood nearly six feet, six inches (198 cm). Some called her "The Grenadier" or "The Grenadier Squaw", due to the large height of 18th-century grenadiers. She was present at the Battle of Bushy Run in 1763. Nonhelema and Cornstalk supported neutrality when their land became the Western theater of the American Revolutionary War. In Summer 1777, Nonhelema warned Americans that parts of the Shawnee nation had traveled to Fort Detroit to join the British.
Despite Cornstalk's 1777 murder at Fort Randolph, Nonhelema continued to support the United States, warning both Fort Randolph and Fort Donnally of impending attacks. She dressed Phillip Hamman and John Pryor as natives so they could go the 160 miles to Fort Donnally to give warning. In retribution, her herds of cattle were destroyed. Nonhelema led her followers to the Coshocton area, near Lenape Chief White Eyes. In 1780, Nonhelema served as a guide and translator for Augustin de La Balme in his campaign to the Illinois country.
In 1785, Nonhelema petitioned Congress for a 1,000-acre grant in Ohio, as compensation for her services during the American Revolutionary War. Congress instead granted her a pension of daily rations, and an annual allotment of blankets and clothing.
Nonhelema and Moluntha were captured by General Benjamin Logan in 1786. Moluntha was killed by an American soldier, and Nonhelema was detained at Fort Pitt. While there, she helped compile a dictionary of Shawnee words. She was later released, but died in December 1786.

## Fictional depictions

Nonhelema is the subject of Warrior Woman, a 2003 novel authored by James Alexander Thom and Dark Rain Thom.
She is portrayed by Karina Lombard in the November 2016 episode "Stranded" of the NBC TV series Timeless.
# Ferdows, Razavi Khorasan

Ferdows (Persian: فردوس) is a village in Darbqazi Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 160, in 43 families.
# Ban Lueam railway station

Ban Lueam station (Thai: สถานีบ้านเหลื่อม) is a railway station located in Wang Pho Subdistrict, Ban Lueam District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. It is a class 2 railway station located 341.18 km (212.0 mi) from Bangkok railway station and is the main station of Ban Lueam District.
# Bangladesh Trade Union Centre

The Bangladesh Trade Union Centre (BTUC) (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ট্রেড ইউনিয়ন কেন্দ্র, Bānlādēśa ṭrēḍa i'uniẏana kēndra) is a national trade union federation in Bangladesh. It is affiliated internationally with the World Federation of Trade Unions.

## History

After a fire in a Keraniganj plastic factory in 2019, where 13 workers died of burns and 19 were heavily injured due to the factory building not having any emergency exits, BTUC General Secretary Wajedul Islam Khan demanded better compensation and government action to force factories to adhere to existing workplace safety standards.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, BTUC organised human chains in front of the National Press Club in Dhaka, demanding rations of food for workers, health protections and the timely payment of wages.
# Mulghar Union

Mulghar Union (Bengali: বেতাগা ইউনিয়ন) is a Union Parishad under Fakirhat Upazila of Bagerhat District in the division of Khulna, Bangladesh. It has an area of 48.25 km2 (18.63 sq mi) and a population of 18,640.
# Marchuk

Marchuk is a Ukrainian patronymic surname from the personal name Marko, a variant of Marcus. Polish-language version: Marczuk. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andriy Marchuk (born 1997), Ukrainian goalkeeper
* Gury Marchuk (1925–2013), Russian mathematician
* Ihor Marchuk (born 1969), Ukrainian politician
* Ivan Marchuk (born 1936), Ukrainian painter
* Russ Marchuk (born 1946), Canadian politician
* Sergey Marchuk (1952–2016), Russian speed skater
* Volodymyr Marchuk (born 1953), Ukrainian painter
* Yevhen Marchuk (1941–2021), Ukrainian politician, Prime Minister (1995–1996)
# Golujeh, Meyaneh

Golujeh (Persian: گلوجه, also Romanized as Golūjeh; also known as Golījeh) is a village in Kaghazkonan-e Shomali Rural District, Kaghazkonan District, Meyaneh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 78, in 23 families.
# Yoon Jang-ho

Yoon Jang-ho (Korean: 윤장호; Hanja: 尹章豪; September 21, 1980 – February 27, 2007) was a South Korean soldier.
Yoon was staff sergeant (posthumous) serving as an English translator in Afghanistan as a member of the Task Force Dasan, a dispatched engineering unit of the Republic of Korea Army. He was killed during the suicide bomb attack on a military base in Bagram on February 27, 2007. The attack occurred at the front gate, where he was waiting to greet two local residents into the base. Yoon is the first member of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces to be killed by enemy action since the Vietnam War.

## Early life and education

Born on September 21, 1980, Yoon Jang-ho was the youngest of three children. After graduating from elementary school in Seoul in 1994, he received secondary education in New York. He graduated from the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University with an undergraduate degree in business in 2003 and started attending the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in early 2004.

## Career

In December 2004, Yoon returned to South Korea and joined the South Korean army's Special Warfare Command as a translator in June 2005. He was dispatched to Afghanistan in September 2006, and was to return to South Korea on March 14, 2007, for a planned discharge in June. He was promoted to staff sergeant and received the Inheon Order of Military Merit and the Bronze Star posthumously.
# Macarius of Corinth

* This Eastern Orthodox Christianity–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
Macarius of Corinth (also Makarios; born Michael Notaras, Μιχαὴλ Νοταρᾶς; Greek: Μακάριος Κορίνθου; 1731–1805) was Metropolitan bishop of Corinth, was a mystic and spiritual writer who worked to revive and mostly sustain the Eastern Orthodox Church under Turkish rule. He is most famous for working with Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain in collecting and compiling the ascetic text of the Philokalia.

## Prayer of the Heart

With his friend Nicodemus, Makarios compiled the five tomes of the Philokalia that were first published in Venice in 1782. It was the publication of these sacred and spiritual texts that led to a renewal of the hesychast movement within Eastern Orthodox.
# Carl Hermann Ethé

Carl Hermann Ethé or Hermann Ethé (1844–1917) was a German orientalist best known for his catalogues of Islamic manuscripts and his studies and German translations of Persian poetry.
He occupied the Professorship of German and Oriental Languages at the University College of Wales in Aberystwyth until the start of the First World War. He married British national Harriet Dora Phillips in 1899. Harriet subsequently lost her British citizenship and they both became targets of Germanophobia during this period as they were both run out of town. The University College refused to sever ties with him, but under the mounting public pressure from the general public against his employer, Ethé agreed to retire from his chair.
Among his translations was the first portion of Qazwini's cosmography, The Wonders of Creation (German: Kazwînis Kosmographie: Die Wunder der Schöpfung), published 1868.
# Trubnaya (Moscow Metro)

Trubnaya (Russian: Тру́бная) is a Moscow Metro station in the Tverskoy District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line, between Dostoyevskaya and Sretensky Bulvar stations.
Trubnaya opened on 30 August 2007 as a part of the long-awaited line extension northwesternwards. It was a northwestern terminus of the line until June 2010.

## Name

It is named after Trubnaya Square [ru].

## Transfer

It offers a transfer to the Tsvetnoy Bulvar station on the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line. Transfer to Tsvetoy Boulevard station is achieved in a two part process that involves an ascent into an interim hall and then a walk to the older station.

## History

Construction of the station began as far back as 1984, during the building of Tsvetnoy Bulvar station which set provisions for the future station, and during the late 1980s was fully underway with plans to open by the late 1990s. However the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 put a long delay to construction which at time stood frozen, and, despite a few slow restarts, remained derelict. Only in 2005 when proper funding finally came did the works resume. The station was opened just in two years, on 30 August 2007.

## Design

Architecturally the station is a tri-vault wall column design with a monolithic concrete plate on the floor. The theme, work of architects V. Fillipov, S. Petrosyan, A. Ruban, T. Silakadze, T. Petrova and S. Prytkova, is based on Moscow and old Russian cities. The portals, cornices and station walls are faced with warm beige marble. Contrasting with that is the dark green marble used for columns, and for panels between the portals as well as for panels on the station walls. The floor features a geometric layout which repeats the portals out of polished dark green, black and light grey granite. Lighting is achieved by hidden fluorescent lamps behind the portal cornices which unite every four passages between the central and the platform halls. The vaults of the central (9.5 metre diameter) and the platform halls are covered with white fibreglass to offer extra hydroisolation.
Decoration of the station is centered on the 12 wall columns. Each of these feature a wooden bench surrounded by a black ironwork frame that supports four spherical lamps on the top, giving the impression of a traditional Moscow boulevard. However the central feature of this is an illuminated stained glass mosaic with an image of a historic Russian city (such as Rostov, Novgorod, Yaroslavl and others), all work of Zurab Tsereteli. The author is also responsible for two large mosaics which decorate the portals of the escalator tunnels upon leaving the station.
The vestibule of the station is located under the intersection of the Tsvetnoy Boulevard and the Boulevard Ring and the Trubnaya Square for which the station is named.
# 1851 in science

The year 1851 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

## Astronomy

* February – First public exhibition of a Foucault pendulum, at the Meridian of the Paris Observatory, demonstrating the Earth's rotation. A few weeks later Foucault installs one at the Panthéon.
* July 28 – Solar eclipse of July 28, 1851: Total solar eclipse. The first correctly exposed photograph, a daguerrotype, of the solar corona is made during the total phase of the eclipse by Berkowski at Koenigsberg Observatory in Prussia. Astronomers Robert Grant and William Swan (of the United Kingdom) and Karl Ludwig von Littrow (of Austria) observe this eclipse and determine that solar prominences are part of the Sun because the Moon is seen to cover and uncover them as it moves in front.
* October 24 – Ariel and Umbriel, moons of Uranus, were discovered by William Lassell.
* The William Brydone Jack Observatory is completed at Fredericton, New Brunswick.

## Chemistry

* March – English sculptor Frederick Scott Archer makes public the wet plate collodion photographic process.
* Julius Pintsch produces Pintsch gas.
* Charles-Adolphe Wurtz produces compound ureas.

## History of science and technology

* George Wilson publishes The Life of the Hon. Henry Cavendish.

## Mathematics

* Eugène Prouhet first applies the Thue–Morse sequence to number theory.
* Bernhard Riemann provides a proof of Green's theorem in his inaugural dissertation.

## Medicine

* The Royal Marsden is established as the Free Cancer Hospital by surgeon William Marsden in London, the world's first specialist cancer hospital.
* The Keratometer is invented by the German physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz.

## Physics

* Hippolyte Fizeau carries out the Fizeau experiment to measure the relative speeds of light in moving water.

## Technology

* November 13 – First protected submarine telegraph cable laid, across the English Channel.
* William Armstrong introduces the weight-loaded hydraulic accumulator.

## Awards

* Copley Medal: Richard Owen
* Wollaston Medal for geology: Adam Sedgwick

## Births

* January 19 – Jacobus Kapteyn (died 1922), Dutch astronomer.
* February 15 – Spiru Haret (died 1912), Romanian mathematician, astronomer and politician.
* March 16 – Martinus Beijerinck (died 1931), Dutch microbiologist and botanist.
* April 12 – E. Walter Maunder (died 1928), English astronomer.
* July 8 – Arthur Evans (died 1941), English archaeologist.
* July 20 – Arnold Pick (died 1924), Jewish Czech neurologist.
* August 3 – George FitzGerald (died 1901), Irish mathematician.
* September 21 – Fanny Searls (died 1939), American doctor and botanist.
* September 23 – Ellen Hayes (died 1930), American mathematician and astronomer.

## Deaths

* January 27 – John James Audubon (born 1785), naturalist and illustrator.
* February 18 – Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi (born 1804), mathematician.
* March 9 – Hans Christian Ørsted (born 1777), physicist.
* July 6 – Thomas Davenport (born 1802), electrical engineer.
* July 17 – John Farey (born 1791), mechanical engineer and technical writer.
* September 2 – William Nicol (born 1770), geologist.
# Jebreilan

Jebreilan (Persian: جبرئيلان, also Romanized as Jebre’īlān, Jabrā’īlān, Jabrāyelān, and Jabre‘īlān; also known as Jarailāl, Jarallāl, and Jūbarīlān) is a village in Hoseynabad-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Sanandaj County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 253, in 53 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# St. John's Church, Saldus

Saldus St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church (Latvian: Saldus Sv. Jāņa Evaņģēliski luteriskā draudze), in Saldus, Latvia, was officially dedicated on August 27, 1900, after a long history of use and centuries of reconstruction.

## History

The first wooden church was built in 1461. The second, also made of wood, was built in 1530 and then renovated in 1567. The masonry church was built between 1614 and 1615 and financed by Wilhelm Duke.
The fifth church in Saldus was built in 1737 on the hill where the present church stands. It was reconstructed in 1825. In 1898 the old church was torn down. Architect Wilhelm Neumann designed the church. Construction took place from 1898 to 1899 and cost 19,700 rubles. The completed church was named in honor of St. John. (Wilhelm Neumann also designed the Latvian National Museum of Art and the Jaunsvente Manor.)
The church was reconstructed in 1938 for a sum of 15,000 lats. The artist Ansis Bērziņš led the renovation of the interior and furnishings.
The retreating German army bombed the church tower in 1944. The roof was also damaged. A temporary wooden tower was built in 1945–1946.
Demolition of the temporary tower began on June 13, 1981, and the construction of the new tower began ten days later. Saldus architect Edgars Krūmiņš designed the tower and V. Krivans made the rooster at the top of the spire. The renovated church was dedicated on August 1, 1982. The underground tombs were opened and researched during a renovation in 1995, when heated flooring was installed. The church facade was renovated in 2006.
# Ledikeni

Ledikeni (Bengali: লেডিকেনি) or Lady Kenny is a popular Bangladeshi and Indian sweet consumed in West Bengal, India and Bangladesh. It is a light fried reddish-brown sweet ball made of Chhena and flour, soaked in sugar syrup. Ledikeni is named after Lady Canning, the wife of Charles Canning, the Governor General of India during 1856–62.

## History

The sweet originated in Kolkata in the middle of the 19th century. There are various legends regarding the origin of the sweet. According to the most popular legend, a special sweetmeat was prepared by Bhim Chandra Nag in the honour of Lady Canning at some point during her stay in India from 1856 till her death in 1861. In some versions of the tale, the sweetmeat was prepared to commemorate her visit to India in 1856, while in other versions, it was prepared on the occasion of her birthday. Some variations of the tale state that it became her favourite dessert, which she would demand on every occasion. According to yet another legend, the sweet was prepared by the confectioners of Baharampur in 1857, after the mutiny, to commemorate the visit by Canning and his wife.
Lady Canning died in 1861. Since then the sweetmeat has gained popularity in Bengal. No grand feast was considered complete without the sweetmeat being offered to the guests. The manufacturer was said to have made a lot of money by selling the sweetmeat although some have claimed that its popularity is due to the name rather than the taste. As it gained popularity, the sweetmeat came to be known as "Lady Canning" which gradually got corrupted to "ledikeni".
A sweet very similar to the modern pantua and ledikeni, but made of rice flour, is mentioned in the 12th century Sanskrit-language text Manasollasa.