OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fotta

Fotta or Fota (Greek: Φώττα; Turkish: Dağyolu "mountain road", previously Fota) is a Turkish Cypriot village in the Kyrenia District of Cyprus. Fotta is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus. As of 2011, it had a population of 525.
# Papatzys

Papatzys (Greek: Παπατζύν Papatzýn; died 704) was, in the account of Theophanes the Confessor, the Khazar tudun of Kerch during the sojourn of Byzantine emperor Justinian II in Phanagoria. He was dispatched, along with Balgitzin, by Busir Khagan to kill Justinian in 704, after Busir was bribed by Tiberius III. Justinian's Khazar wife Theodora warned him in advance and Justinian escaped by sea, but not before murdering both Papatzys and Balgitzin.
# Robert McCready

Robert Black McCready (October 28, 1921 – November 3, 1995) was a restaurateur and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, representing Queen's County from 1967 to 1974 as a Liberal member and then Queens South from 1978 to 1987 as a Progressive Conservative Progressive Conservative MLA.
He was born in Shannon, New Brunswick. In 1945, and married Kathleen Adelia Jones. He served as speaker for the Legislative Assembly from 1967 until 1970 and again from 1978 until 1982. McCready was Minister of Transportation in the province's Executive Council from 1985 to 1987.
# Bjørke Church (Volda)

Bjørke Church (Norwegian: Bjørke kyrkje, also known as Storfjorden kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in the municipality of Volda in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Bjørke at the innermost end of the Hjørundfjorden (which is known as the Storfjorden). It is the church for the Storfjorden parish which is part of the Søre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1920 using plans drawn up by the architect Mathias Brække. The church seats about 200 people. The church was consecrated on 16 September 1920 by Bishop Peter Hognestad.

## History

Bjørke Chapel was originally designed by Mathias Brække and it was built by the builders Sivert Gjerdsdal and Edvard Gjerdsdal. Construction began in 1919 and the new building was completed in 1920. It was consecrated by the Bishop on 16 September 1920. The building is a wooden long church with a rectangular nave and a smaller, rectangular chancel on the east end of the nave. The west end has a church porch with a tower. The building was originally an annex chapel under the main Hjørundfjord Church but in 1929 it was upgraded to the status of parish church.
# Lacida (moth)

Lacida is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1855.

## Species

The following species are included in the genus:
* Lacida antica Walker, 1855
* Lacida biplagata Heylaerts, 1892
* Lacida costalis Walker, 1855
* Lacida incomptaria Walker, 1862
* Lacida morawae van Eecke, 1928
* Lacida vertiginosa van Eecke, 1928
# Lazanias

Lazanias (Greek: Λαζανιάς or Λαζανιά; Turkish: Lazanya) is a village in the Nicosia District of Cyprus, located southwest of Gourri.

## History

The creation and the name of the village are naturally connected with the foundation of the Machairas Monastery on 1160. The monks Ignatius and Procopius after securing imperial patronage of Manuel I Komnenos negotiated the resettlement of the various Machaira clans and with the Monastery's expenses were merged into the existing villages. The Lazania and other villages were given as a privilege to the new Monastery during the Komnenos dynasty. Also the Monastery had promoted several investments in the area (forest industry, agriculture, farming and mills).
During (1192-1489) the Lusignans implemented the feudal system to the island and abolished the privileges of the monastery. The village was given as a fief to some Lusignan (in Greek: Cypriot dialect Lazania). The reaction of the Orthodox population had assumed such proportions that the Franks to suppress the rebellion executed 13 monks. Based on the events that took place and the phrase “the Lazanias (= Lusignan)” took this place, hence the name of the Lazania village came to existence
# Melnytsia-Podilska

Melnytsia-Podilska (Ukrainian: Мельниця-Подільська; Polish: Mielnica; Yiddish: מילניצע, romanized: Melnitse), previously known as Melnytsia-nad-Dnistrom (Ukrainian: Мельниця-над-Днiстром) until 1940, is a rural settlement in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Melnytsia-Podilska settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 3,596 (2022 estimate).
The settlement is located in the southernmost part of the province, on the left bank of the Dnister River. To the north is the Khudykovtsi village, and 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the south is the settlement of Vilkhovets. On the opposite bank of the Dnister lies the village of Perebykivtsi in Dnistrovskyi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast. The Ukrainian automobile road T-2002 runs through the town.

## History

The town of Melnytsia was first mentioned in the 11th century, which was soon destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Rus'. From 1362, the settlement was in the possession of the Koriatovych family. From the end of the 16th century, Lanckoroński magnates ruled the territory. Ever since the 17th century, the settlement was known as Melnytsia-nad-Dnistrom (or Melnytsia-upon-the-Dnister). In 1747, the town was granted Magdeburg rights. Later in that century, the territory changed hands, to be controlled by the Dunin-Borkowski grafs.
Since ancient times, windmills were spaced throughout the settlement, a prime location situated on the slopes of the Dniester River, hence the name "Melnytsia," or windmill in Ukrainian. In order to distinguish from other settlements named "Melnytsia," the ending -Podilska was added in 1940. In 1960, Melnytsia-Podilska was upgraded to that of an urban-type settlement.
Until 18 July 2020, Melnytsia-Podilska belonged to Borshchiv Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Borshchiv Raion was merged into Chortkiv Raion. On 26 January 2024, a new law entered into force which abolished the status of urban-type settlement, and Melnytsia-Podilska became a rural settlement.

## Attractions

* Saint Michael's Church, a modest stone church built in 1772 and restored in 1989.
* Remains of the Neo-Gothic Dunin-Borkowski Palace, built in the 19th century (now destroyed).

## People from Melnytsia-Podilska

* Alexander Marmorek (1865), physician, bacteriologist at the Pasteur Institute and zionist since the First Zionist Congress.
* Petro Kasinchuk (1929), Ukrainian statesman, Ukrainian Insurgent Army member.
* Vladyslav Kaskiv (born 1973), Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense lawmaker, former leader of the PORA civic youth organization, former member of parliament.
# Sevasti

Sevasti (Greek: Σεβαστή) is a village and a community of the Katerini municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Korinos, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 287 residents in the village.

## Population

The village was settled by Pontic Greek refugees from Turkey in 1924.

## Religion

Unlike other settlements in Greece, Sevasti has, besides Greek Orthodox, two Protestant communities and there is also a temple of the Greek Evangelical Church, that was established in 1924. There is also a community that follows the Greek Apostolic Church of Pentecost.
# Otdelny

Otdelny (also known as Otdelniy) (Russian: Отде́льный) is a shield volcano located in the southern part of Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, east of the Savan River.
# Dynamic reserve

Dynamic reserve, in the context of the dynamic energy budget theory, refers to the set of metabolites (mostly polymers and lipids) that an organism can use for metabolic purposes. These chemical compounds can have active metabolic functions, however. They are not just "set apart for later use." Reserve differs from structure in the first place by its dynamics. Reserve has an implied turnover, because it is synthesized from food (or other substrates in the environment) and used by metabolic processes occurring in cells. The turnover of structure depends on the maintenance of an organism. Maintenance is not required for reserve. A freshly laid egg consists almost exclusively of reserve, and hardly respires. The chemical compounds in the reserve have the same turnover, while that in the structure can have a different turnover, and so it depends on the compound.

## Functionality

Reserves are synthesized from environmental substrates (food) for use by the metabolism for the purpose of somatic maintenance (including protein turnover, maintenance of concentration gradients across membranes, activity and other types of work), growth (increase of structural mass), maturity maintenance (installation of regulation systems, preparation for reproduction, maintenance of defense systems, such as the immune system), maturation (increase of the state of maturity) and reproduction. This organizational position of reserve creates a rather constant internal chemical environment, with only an indirect coupling with the extra-organismal environment. Reserves as well as structure are taken to be generalised compounds, i.e. mixtures of a large number of compounds, which do not change in composition. The latter requirement is called the strong homeostasis assumption. Polymers (carbohydrates, proteins, ribosomal RNA) and lipids form the main bulk of reserves and of structure.
Some reasons for including reserve are to give an explanation for (from):
* the metabolic memory; changes in food (substrate) availability affect production (growth or reproduction) with some delay. Growth continues for some time during starvation; embryo development is fueled by reserves
* the composition of biomass depends on growth rate. With two components (reserves and structure) particular changes in composition can be captured. More complex changes require several reserves, as is required for autotrophs.
* the body size scaling of life history parameters. The specific respiration rate decreases with (maximum) body size between species because large bodied species have relatively more reserve. Many other life history parameters directly or indirectly relate to respiration.
* the observed respiration patterns, which reflect the use of energy. Freshly laid eggs hardly respire, but their respiratory rates increase during development while egg weight decreases. After hatching, however, the respiration rate further increases, while the weight now also increases
* all mass fluxes are linear combinations of assimilation, dissipation and growth. If reserves are omitted, there is not enough flexibility to capture product formation and explain indirect calorimetry.
# The Monsters Know What They're Doing

The Monsters Know What They're Doing is a book series by Keith Ammann, published by Saga Press since 2019, consisting of unofficial supplements for fifth-edition Dungeons & Dragons.

## Contents

The Monsters Know What They're Doing: Combat Tactics for Dungeon Masters provides gamemasters with tactical recommendations for most of the creatures in the fifth-edition D&D Monster Manual.

## Publication history

The content of the initial book is based on Keith Ammann's blog of the same name, started in 2016. It was extended into a series with similar topics, with The Monsters Know What They're Doing: Combat Tactics for Dungeon Masters (2019) followed by Live to Tell the Tale: Combat Tactics for Player Characters (2020), MOAR! Monsters Know What They're Doing (2022) and How to Defend Your Lair (2022).

## Reception

SyFy author James Grebey called the seminal blog "a valuable resource for DMs who want to give their players a challenge and make their game feel truly immersive" and praised it for helping Dungeon Masters to "run monsters as the intelligent and exciting foes they're meant to be rather than just generic cannon fodder".
John ONeill reviewed The Monsters Know What They're Doing: Combat Tactics for Dungeon Masters for Black Gate, and stated that "To be honest, I don't know how much I'd actually use The Monsters Know What They're Doing, but it sure made fun reading."

## Awards

At the 2020 ENnie Awards, The Monsters Know What They're Doing: Combat Tactics for Dungeon Masters won a Silver ENnie for Best Writing, and Ammann's blog won the Gold ENnie for Best Online Content.
# Akutan Island

Akutan Island (Aleut: Akutanax̂; Russian: Акутан) is an inhabited island in the Fox Islands group of the eastern Aleutian Islands in the Aleutians East Borough of Alaska.

## Geography

The island is approximately 18 mi (30 km) in length. The land area is 129.01 sq mi (334.13 km$^2$). Mount Akutan volcano is located on the island, which had a major lava eruption in 1979.
The island's population was 1,027 (2010 census). All lived in the city of Akutan, near the island's eastern end.
A significant geothermal area is located on the island including the Akutan Hot Springs.

## History

Akutan is an Aleut name reported by Capt. Pyotr Krenitsyn and Mikhail Levashev in 1768, and spelled Acootan by James Cook in 1778. This name may be from the Aleut word "hakuta" which, according to R. H. Geoghegan, means "I made a mistake."
The Akutan Zero, a Japanese Zero, was named for the island after it crashed there during World War II and was recovered by the United States military.
# TH-495

TH-495 was an infantry combat vehicle being proposed by German-based Thyssen-Henschel for NATO countries, but it was primarily being pitched to the Canadian Forces and the then government of Brian Mulroney in the 1990s. While designed in Germany, the TH-495 would have been produced by a newly established Thyssen-Henschel Canadian subsidiary called Bear Head Industries Limited in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. The proposal was scrapped by the incoming government of Jean Chrétien, which opted to purchase the LAV III from GM Defense instead.
The lobby process for this vehicle by Karlheinz Schreiber and the involvement of Mulroney has led to a public inquiry The Oliphant Commission.

## Design
### Armament

The TH-495 is fitted with a two-man turret, armed with a stabilized T-25 25 mm caliber chain gun and coaxial 7.62-mm machine gun. One more 12.7 mm machine gun is positioned on top of the turret. The ammunition capacity is approximatively 1200 rounds; 630 rounds ready to fire and 510 in storage.

### Mobility

The TH-495 is powered by a diesel engine developing 680 horsepower, and can reach speeds of 75 kilometres per hour. The TH-495 is fitted with a modern dual circuit brake system. The TH-495 has a maximum road range of 500 kilometers. The TH-495 offers quieter movement for improved stealth, greater speed over good terrain, and higher ground clearance for protection against mines and improvised explosive devices.

### Protection

The basic armor of the TH-495, covering the standardization agreement STANAG 4569 level 4, which provides an all-round protection against 14.5x114mm. The modular add-on armor plating can be easily and quickly exchanged to adapt to the ballistic protection requirement of each variant for each mission threats situation. The TH-495 was designed to produce a very low and very compact structure to minimize radar and IR-signatures. The TH-495 is fitted with a nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) filtration system accompanied with a chemical detector and radiation detector systems. The TH-495 also uses heat-absorbing filters to provide temporary protection against thermal imaging (TIS), image intensifier and infrared camera (IR).

## Variants

* Command Post Vehicle (CPV)
* Infantry Section Carrier (ISC)
* Combat Engineer Vehicle (CEV)
* Observation Post Vehicle (OPV)
* TOW Under Armour (TUA)
* Air Defense Anti-Tank System (ADATS)
* Armoured Gun System (AGS)
* Armoured Ambulance (AA)
* Logistical Transport
# Tayshetsky District

Tayshetsky District (Russian: Тайшетский райо́н) is an administrative district, one of the thirty-three in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Tayshetsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 27,800 square kilometers (10,700 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Tayshet. Population: 29,752 (2010 Census); 36,502 (2002 Census); 35,236 (1989 Soviet census).

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Tayshetsky District is one of the thirty-three in the oblast. The town of Tayshet serves as its administrative center. As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Tayshetsky Municipal District.
# Antarctic Plate

The Antarctic Plate is a tectonic plate containing the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau, and some remote islands in the Southern Ocean and other surrounding oceans. After breakup from Gondwana (the southern part of the supercontinent Pangea), the Antarctic plate began moving the continent of Antarctica south to its present isolated location, causing the continent to develop a much colder climate. The Antarctic Plate is bounded almost entirely by extensional mid-ocean ridge systems. The adjoining plates are the Nazca Plate, the South American Plate, the African Plate, the Somali Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and, across a transform boundary, the Scotia Plate.
The Antarctic Plate has an area of about 60,900,000 km$^2$ (23,500,000 sq mi). It is Earth's fifth-largest tectonic plate.
The Antarctic Plate's movement is estimated to be at least 1 cm (0.4 in) per year towards the Atlantic Ocean.

## Subduction beneath South America

The Antarctic Plate started to subduct beneath South America 14 million years ago in the Miocene epoch. At first it subducted only in the southernmost tip of Patagonia, meaning that the Chile Triple Junction lay near the Strait of Magellan. As the southern part of the Nazca Plate and the Chile Rise became consumed by subduction the more northerly regions of the Antarctic Plate began to subduct beneath Patagonia so that the Chile Triple Junction lies at present in front of Taitao Peninsula at 46°15' S. The subduction of the Antarctic Plate beneath South America is held to have uplifted Patagonia as it reduced the previously vigorous down-dragging flow in the Earth's mantle caused by the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath Patagonia. The dynamic topography caused by this uplift raised Quaternary-aged marine terraces and beaches across the Atlantic coast of Patagonia.

## Land

* Amsterdam Island (France)
* Antarctica
** East Antarctica
** Transantarctic Mountains
** West Antarctica
*** Antarctic Peninsula
* Crozet Islands (France)
* Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Australia)
** Heard Island
** McDonald Islands
* Kerguelen Islands (France)
* Peter I Island
* Prince Edward Islands (South Africa)
* Saint Paul Island (France)
* South Orkney Islands
* South Shetland Islands
# Matatila Dam

The Matatila Dam is a dam in district Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, that was built in 1958 on the Betwa River. Situated 50 km from Jhansi and 93 km away from Deogarh, this earthen dam is 35 m high. The dam has 23 Spillway gates. The catchment area is around 20 km$^2$ with a maximum storage capacity of 1132 million cubic metres.
The dam is popular among tourists. Water sports facilities are also available. The best period to visit this place is from September to May. It connects Jhansi to Babina route.
The dam generates about 45 MW of power.
Nearest railway stations are at Matatila, Talbahat (10 km) and Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh (40 km).

## Construction

It is believed that, before the dam's construction, there was a seat of “Mata Sharda” on top of the hill. People worshipped the hill. Later, the hill was renamed as Matatila. “Mata” is for Goddess Sharda and “tila” means “top.” When the dam was constructed here it was given the same name, Matatila Dam.
Matatila Dam was built in 1958. It is an earthen dam with a height of 35 meters.
Power Station of the dam is located at the left bank of the River Betwa. The river originates from Bhopal and passes through the outskirts of Jhansi, forming a border line of the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Then, it flows mostly in Uttar Pradesh. Here, it meets the River Yamuna in Hamirpur district.
The River is completely rain fed. It features high water discharge during monsoon and very low water discharge during summer. The Matatila Power House features three machines of 10.2 MW each. It was set up in 1965.
The catchment area of Matatila Dam is 8000 square miles. Its reservoir capacity is at 4000 M.Cu.Ft.

## Economy

Matatila Dam was constructed for dual purposes – irrigation and production of hydro electric power.
The dam is built with a capacity to produce 30.6 MW hydro electricity. For this purpose, both flanks of the dam feature robust structural support to ensure ample water discharge force during the time of releasing water and operating heavy duty turbine engines.
Each unit of the power plant has a capacity to produce 10.2 MW electricity. Three hydro machines are installed at the dam. The method of electricity production is direct release of water.

## Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Matatila Dam is from September to May. Summers are hot with temperatures reaching up to 50 degree Celsius at times. Winters are too cold. Sometimes, it rains in the summer; otherwise the weather here is dry throughout the year.

## How to Reach

Nearby cities from Matatila Dam are Talbehat, Picchouri, Shivpuri, and Babina. The nearest railway station from this Dam is Talbehat, which is 10 km. It is a busy station. The other two nearby stations are Jakhlaun, which is 13 km, and Lalitpur, which is 23 km.
Matatila Dam is located about 93 km from Deogarh and 50 km from Jhansi City. Tourists coming from Delhi-Bombay route find Jhansi as the nearest railway station to this dam.
# Duntzenheim

Duntzenheim (French pronunciation: ; German: Dunzenheim) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Turubah

Turabah (Arabic: تربة, also spelled turaba, turba or tarba) is a city in Najd in Saudi Arabia, located in the valley of the same name. Turubah is located south of the mountain of Hadhn ("Jebel Hadhn"), to the southeast of Mecca. It is therefore considered on the border between the topographic regions of Hejaz and Najd. The town's traditional inhabitants are the tribe of Al-Bugum. The population of Turubah was 42,810 in 2004, while now in 2020 about 100,000.
# The Spider and the Butterfly

The Spider and the Butterfly (French: Papillon fantastique) is a 1909 French silent trick film directed by Georges Méliès.

## Production

Méliès plays the magician in the film.

## Release and survival

The Spider and the Butterfly was released by Méliès's Star Film Company, and is numbered 1530–1533 in its catalogues.
The end of Méliès's filmmaking career was marked by mounting financial difficulties, forcing him eventually to close his studio. In 1923, Méliès discarded his collection of negative and positive prints for his films. After living forgotten and in poverty for some years, Méliès was rediscovered by film devotées in the late 1920s. On 16 December 1929, a "Gala Méliès" was held at the Salle Pleyel in Paris, reintroducing Méliès and his work to posterity.
The Gala Méliès included projection of eight Méliès films that had managed to be recovered, including The Spider and the Butterfly (the others were Whimsical Illusions, The Diabolic Tenant, The Wandering Jew  [fr], A Trip to the Moon, Baron Munchausen's Dream, The Merry Frolics of Satan, and The Conquest of the Pole). After the Gala, the print of The Spider and the Butterfly went missing once again; it was presumed lost as of 2008. A fragment of the film was rediscovered in time to be included in a 2010 DVD collection of some of Méliès's films.