OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ladder of Tyre

Ladder of Tyre (Aramaic: Sûlama de Ṣôr), (Greek: Ἡ κλίμαξ Τύρου), also known as the Ladder of the Tyrians and the Promontory of Tyre, is a geographical feature mentioned in Greek and Hebrew sources, distinguished by a littoral mountainous range, the highest point of which is distant 18.5 kilometres (11.5 mi) north of Acre in northern Israel. The range stretches beyond Tyre in southern Lebanon. Along its Mediterranean coastline, the Ladder of Tyre skirts an area of about five miles wide at its greatest width, and is distinguished by capes that jut westward into the sea from the ridge which runs parallel to the general line of the coast. These capes project more than a mile into the sea, and rise precipitously at a mean elevation of 250 feet (76 m) above sea level. The Ladder of Tyre is mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud, in the Jerusalem Talmud, in the First Book of Maccabees (11:59), and in the writings of Josephus.
According to the Babylonian Talmud, the waters of the region were formerly known for the marine mollusk (Murex), harvested for its blue-dye. The 1st-century historian Josephus puts 100 stadia (c. 11½ mi.; 18½ km.) from the north of Acre to the highest point (massif) in the promontory known as the Ladder of Tyre. This high place is now associated with Rosh HaNikra grottoes (Scala Tyriorum), and which marked the southern pass into Phoenicia proper, and formed the boundary between that country and the kingdom of Israel. According to Josephus, a place nearby was also known for its fine, crystalline sand used in glass making.
Adolf Neubauer and Henry Baker Tristram thought that the Ladder of Tyre was to be identified with Cape Blanco (Ras el-Abyad), about 9.6 kilometres (6.0 mi) north of Rās en-Nakūrah and belonging to the same mountain range. According to historical geographer Joseph Schwarz, where the Mount Amana range terminates at the rock cliffs of Rās en-Nakūrah, "on this rock is a narrow ascent, shaped somewhat like steps, by which its summit can be reached; hence it is called in the Talmud the Ladder of Tyre." Claude Reignier Conder was of the same opinion, that the promontory of Nakūrah was the same as the ancient Ladder of Tyre. Historical geographer, Isaac Goldhor, places the Ladder of Tyre at a distance of 3 biblical miles from Achziv.

## Gallery

* 1836
* 1839
* 1881
* 1900
* 1900
* 1918
* 1918
* 1920
# Weifang North railway station

Weifang North railway station (Chinese: 潍坊北站; pinyin: Wéifāngběi zhàn) is a railway station in Hanting District, Weifang, Shandong, China. It is an important node of the national "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed railway network and an important external transportation hub for Weifang City in the future. Weifang North Station will be connected by the Jinan–Qingdao high-speed railway, Tianjin–Weifang–Yantai high-speed railway, and Weifang–Laixi high-speed railway. The Weifang urban rail transit lines 1 and R1 will form transfers here and connect to the railway system, jointly building a comprehensive transportation hub in the northern region of Weifang, achieving seamless transfer between railways and subways, and integrating municipal facilities.
The station is on the northern edge of the urban area. The more central Weifang railway station is on the Qingdao–Jinan railway and the Qingdao–Jinan passenger railway.
The station will become an interchange with the opening of the in 2020. The planned Second Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway is also expected to pass through this station.

## History

The station opened on 26 December 2018 along with the Jinan–Qingdao high-speed railway.
# Renfe Class 319 (early versions)

The Renfe Class 319 (originally Renfe 1900) was a class of mainline medium-high powered diesel electric locomotives built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division and by Macosa (under license) for the state railways of Spain.

## Background, history and design

In the mid-1960s General Motors won a contract to supply diesel-electric locomotives to Renfe, which was seeking replacements for steam engines. The contract was for the locomotives to be built under license in Spain, but as the diesel locomotive building infrastructure in Spain was not yet developed the first ten locomotives were constructed at GM's locomotive factory in La Grange, Illinois, USA; these were of an American single cabin design. The American locomotives were Iberian gauge versions of the General Motors Electromotive type G16.
The remaining ninety three of the class were built by Macosa under license; though the locomotives contained the same components the arrangement of the components in the Spanish built versions was different, since the Spanish models were built to a two cab design of more European appearance.
The class worked on both freight and passenger trains, until the late 1980s when Renfe decided to replace the class. Some parts of the old locomotives were reused for the new class, named Renfe 319.2 which also used the same GM engine as well as other common parts such as the bogies.

### Numbering

The Spanish built units were numbered 1901 to 1960, 1971 to 1999 and because all the digits of the 1900 class had been expended, 19901 to 19904, the American units were originally numbered 1961 to 1970. Later the class became 319 and the numbers ran from 319.001 to 319.103.
# Syringa × diversifolia

Syringa × diversifolia, commonly known as the varyleaf lilac, is a hybrid shrub of the genus Syringa.

## Description

Syringa × diversifolia is a deciduous shrub that typically grows to a height of 1 to 1.8 m (3 ft 3 in to 5 ft 11 in). Leaves are mid green, and may be entire, or multi-lobed. The name refers to the multiple shaped leaves on this lilac, one big leaf alongside two or three smaller leaves. Panicles are fragrant, and are white to pale pink. S. × diversifolia flowers relatively early in comparison to other lilacs, often flowering mid-April at Kew, while most other lilacs flower in May. The plant produces loculicidal capsules.

## Distribution and habitat

S. × diversifolia is a garden hybrid. Syringa × diversifolia is fully hardy to temperatures of -15°C.

## Taxonomy

Syringa × diversifolia is a hybrid which arose at the Arnold Arboretum in 1929. Alfred Rehder, Arnold Arboretum taxonomist, noted that Syringa pinnatifolia seedlings showed that the flowers had been pollinated by a Syringa oblata growing nearby.
The first clone produced, 'William H. Judd', is noteworthy mainly because of its variable foliage, which may produce, entire, pinnatifid or three- to five-lobed leaves.
# St. Anthony of Padua Church, Saül

The St. Anthony of Padua Church (French: Église Saint-Antoine-de-Padoue de Saül) is the name given to Catholic church located in Saül, in French Guiana, a dependent territory of France in northern South America. The building has been listed as a historic monument since 1993.
His patron saint as its name suggests is St. Anthony of Padua, also known as St. Anthony of Lisbon, a priest of the Franciscan Order, Portuguese preacher and theologian.
Construction of the church began in 1952 and was completed in 1962. The village of Saül was then the center of gold mining in French Guiana. The building is now considered the most important testimony of this era. Around the church, is developing the locality, later to be elevated to municipality.
The construction was performed based on a simple design that is reminiscent of the colonial era in North America. A ship with two uniforms bell towers were added in the front.
# Jansug Charkviani

Jansug Charkviani (Georgian: ჯანსუღ ჩარკვიანი; 30 September 1931 – 6 November 2017) was a Georgian poet. He was a member of the Parliament of Georgia from 1992 to 2004.
Born in Tbilisi, Charkviani graduated from the Tbilisi State University in 1953. He had his first poems published in 1947. From the 1960s to the 1990s he was also an editor of several literary magazines. He was awarded, among other prizes, the Shota Rustaveli Prize (1984), Georgia's Order of Honor, and the title of Honorary Citizen of Tbilisi (1996).
# Depil

Depil (Danish: Deble) is a village in the Faroe Islands.
Depil is located on the east side of Borðoy between Norðdepil and Norðtoftir. The village has only two inhabitants.

## The Farmstead in Depil

In the early 19th century the village of Depil was practically derelict. The farmers had left the place, the ownership of the land was in the hands of outsiders, and half the cultivated soil had turned into wilderness again. At the census in 1801, there were only three old people left, and the village was probably abandoned for some years up to 1815.
But in the fall of 1815, a man called Óli Árantsson, born 1766, and his wife Anna Óladóttir moved from Norðtoftir to Depil, and life returned to the ancient village. The story tells, that it was Guttorm Guttormsson who in 1815 built the oldest part of the farmstead in Depil. The lowest part of the house is younger, and the upper part was built by Tummas í Depli in 1823, who used driftwood as building material.
# Armas Hirvonen

Armas Hirvonen (25 May 1896 Duderhof, Ingria – 30 September 1972 Helsinki) was a Finnish cinematographer.

## Filmography

* 1931: Öösel (feature film; director)
* 1937: Juurakon Hulda
* 1938: Niskavuoren naiset
* 1938: Sysmäläinen
* 1938: Vihreä kulta
* 1939: Rikas tyttö
* 1940: Yövartija vain ...
* 1941: Totinen torvensoittaja
* 1944: Anja tulee kotiin
* 1944: Suomisen Olli rakastuu
* 1945: Vastamyrkky
* 1945: Suomisen Olli yllättää
* 1945: Anna Liisa
* 1946: Nuoruus Sumussa
* 1947: Kuudes käsky
* 1948: Tuhottu nuoruus
* 1950: Hukkareissu
* 1951: Hetta nousee tuhkasta
* 1953: Kultaa ja kunniaa
# Sri Lanka Railways M8

Sri Lanka Railways Class M8 is a class of Sri Lankan diesel-electric locomotive that was developed by Banaras Locomotive Works at Varanasi, India, in 1996. This class of locomotives was fitted with 2,800 hp (2,100 kW) V16 power units. This is used on both passenger and freight trains on Sri Lanka Railways.

## Performance

This locomotive is capable of hauling 20 carriages at once but usually not used to haul more than 18 carriages. Major problems that are seen in this class are maintenance difficulties and corrosion.

## Sub classes
### M8A

Two (877 & 878) short truck M8A locomotives were delivered in 2001. They were imported to use on Upcountry main line, but it was impossible to run them due to their wheel design of HAHS bogie without equaliser beams. M8A locomotives were built using 2,200 hp (1,600 kW) V12 power units.

## Current operation

M8 and M8A are not used on the Main Line above Nawalapitiya and on the Kelani Valley Line but are operated on other lines. This locomotive is used when it need to pull much heavy load. Mainly used in flat lines like Northern Line, Trincomalee Line, Batticaloa Line and Coastal Line.
Depot for the M8s is Diesel Electric Locomotive Shed at Maradana.

## Accidents and incidents

* M8A No. 878 was seriously damaged in an accident with a concrete mixing transport truck. Since the accident, the locomotive has been repaired and put back into service.
# Haslev Church

Haslev Church (Danish: Haslev Kirke) is a church located in the town of Haslev, Diocese of Roskilde, Faxe Municipality in Region Sjælland on the Danish island of Zealand. The oldest parts of the church were built in the 12th century but today's structure is the result of its rebuilding in 1916.

## History

The first church in Haslev was probably a wooden structure built in the 11th century although nothing remains of it today. In the 12th century, limestone was used to build a small church, 16 metres (52 ft) long and 6 metres (20 ft) wide, with a nave, a chancel and an apse. Its foundations were discovered during the reconstruction work from 1914 to 1916.
In the 13th century, the building was extended 4 metres (13 ft) to the west. The apse was removed and the chancel was extended to the east. The rounded window on the north side dates from this period. During comprehensive rebuilding in the 14th century, the width was extended to 9 metres and a new roof with three cross vaults was added, meeting the prevailing standards. At the beginning of the 15th century, a new stepped gable was built at the eastern end, a sacristy was added to the north and a porch to the south, reflecting the Gothic style of the times. The tower, 21 metres (69 ft) high, was added in the mid-14th century while a chapel was built on the north side at the end of the century.
In 1870, Haslev became a railway town, attracting many new inhabitants. The architect H. Lønborg-Jensen planned an extension that consisted of building a new church that crossed transversely through the old one. The old church thus became a parallel aisle in the new cross-shaped structure and the old chancel became the east entrance. The new building with seating for 641 and an altar to the south was consecrated on 2 April 1916.

## Interior

The carved wooden pulpit from 1579 is one of the oldest in Denmark. In 1967 it was restored and repainted by the National Museum. The canopy came later in 1640. The old decorated pews from the mid-16th century have been preserved. The seats decorated with the arms of the counts of Bregentved are particularly impressive.
The organ, with 36 stops, was built in 1978 by Poul Gerhard Andersen, one of the leading organ builders of his day. The font, completed in 1935, was built in accordance with plans prepared by the church's architect Lønborg-Jensen.

## Burials

* Frederik Urne (1601-1658), lensmann (inside the church)
* Peter Cecilius Davidsen (1866-1935), educator
* Frede Halleløv (1887-1969), architect
* Johannes Juul (1887-1969), engineer and inventor
* Vilhelm Møller-Christensen (1903-1988), medical doctor, and medicinal historian
# Surpratap Shah

Surapratap Shah (Nepali: सुरप्रताप शाह) or Surya Pratap Shah (Nepali: सूर्यप्रताप शाह) was a prince of the Gorkha Kingdom. He was active during the battles referred to as the Unification of Nepal led by his brother, King Prithvi Narayan Shah.
He participated in the Battle of Kirtipur and the Battle of Makwanpur. He commanded the Battle of Kirtipur, where he lost his left eye, which led people to call him "a blind man".
Shah also held the title of Kaji. In the early 1970s, Shah went into exile in the Tanahun Kingdom, after Prithvi Narayan Shah and Surpratap had quarreled. This led to Prithvi Narayan Shah invading Tanahun.
Kirtipur War Memorial Park, an under-construction park, is set to depict the Battle of Kirtipur, and it is planned to show Surpratap Shah being struck by an arrow.
# East Yi West Xia

East Yi West Xia (Chinese: 夷夏東西說; pinyin: Yí Xìa Dōngxī Shuō) is an obsolete theory which proposes that the culture of the Chinese Shang dynasty was established by two ethnic groups; namely, that the Western part of the Shang dynasty was developed by the Xia ethnic group, and the eastern part of Shang dynasty was developed by the Yi ethnic group.

## History of the theory

This theory was suggested by future linguist Fu Sinian in his thesis 1933. It was further expanded by Liang Siyong who suggested that the newly discovered Yangshao culture was established by the Xia in the west and the Longshan culture by the Yi peoples of the east. For Chinese and Western historians this hypothesis became the prevailing theory to interpret Chinese prehistory and remained so until about 1960.
Further archaeological discoveries made the theory obsolete. In 1950s it became clear that the Yinxu culture was preceded by the Erligang culture in Zhongyuan. In addition, the gap between the Erligang culture and the Longshan culture was joined by the Erlitou culture, which was named after the Erlitou site discovered in 1959. Chinese scholars identify the Erligang and Erlitou cultures as the sites of the Shang and Xia Dynasties respectively although the archaeological boundary between the two dynasties was still debatable. In 1983, the ruin of Yanshi Shang City was discovered and identified as the Erligang culture. The ruin very close to the Erlitou site suggests that the Erlitou and Erligang cultures were dominated by people with different cultural background.
In Shandong, the Shandong Longshan culture was replaced by the Yueshi culture around 2000 B.C. The sites of the Yueshi culture show complementary distribution with those of the Erligang culture which expanded eastward from Zhongyuan. It proved that the Shang people did not originated in the east.

## Implications

Though largely replaced and modified by later further research, Fu Sinian's theory entered the history as a landmark in Chinese historiography. It essentially questioned ethnic homogeneity sometimes postulated as the route of Chinese civilization. This contributed to the concept of the dialogical development of cultures.
# Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences

The Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (Spanish: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Portuguese: Faculdade Latino-Americana de Ciências Sociais or FLACSO) is a graduate-only university and inter-governmental autonomous organization for Latin America dedicated to research, teaching and spreading of social sciences. Headquartered in Costa Rica, it has several campuses and centers spread across Latin America.
It was created on April 17, 1957, following a UNESCO initiative at the Latin American Conference on Social Sciences in Rio de Janeiro. Its goal was to promote academic research and development in the region.
Its membership is open to Latin American and Caribbean countries that subscribe to the FLACSO agreement. Current members include: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, Ecuador, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Dominican Republic, Suriname and Uruguay.
Josette Altmann Borbón, a historian and former First Lady of Costa Rica, was elected Secretary General of FLACSO in June 2016. She succeeded Manuel González on July 31, 2016.

## Notable people

* Paulina Aulestia - first Ecuadorian woman to summit Everest
* Teresita de Barbieri
* Fernando Cortés Cáceres [es]
* Carmen Diana Deere
* Ricardo Lagos Escobar
* Enrique Correa
* Fernando Henrique Cardoso
* Hilda Herzer
* Amparo Menendez-Carrion
* Juan Carlos Portantiero
* Suzana Prates
* Paolina Vercoutere - Governor of Imbabura Province
# Marija Teresė Rožanskaitė

Marija Teresė Rožanskaitė (18 March 1933 – 6 September 2007) was a Lithuanian painter and sculptor. Rožanskaitė's work focuses on institutionalized medicine, medical devices and procedures, health, and physical suffering.
Marija Teresė Rožanskaitė was born on 18 March 1933 in Linkuva. During the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states, her family was part of Stalin's mass deportations from the Baltic states in 1941. She and her mother escaped exile from the Altai region and returned to Lithuania in 1948. She studied at the Lithuanian Art Institute under Leonas Katinas, Vincas Dilka, Vladas Karatajus, and Antanas Gudaitis.
Her work was selected to represent Lithuania at the 60th Venice Biennale in 2024. Her paintings were featured in the exhibition Inflammation along with instillations by Pakui Hardware.

## Personal life

Marija Teresė Rožanskaitė married painter Igoris Piekuras. Their children are painter Marijus Piekuras and sculptor Gediminas Piekuras.
# Lamprell

Lamprell plc, based in the United Arab Emirates, specialises in construction and fabrication, servicing both the Renewables and Oil & Gas industries. It builds wind turbine foundations as well as shallow-water drilling jackup rigs, liftboats and land rigs, and it also carries out rig refurbishment. In 2021 the company added a Digital business unit servicing not only the renewables and oil & gas sectors but other related industries. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.

## History

The company was established by Steven Lamprell in 1976 in Dubai. The company established three sites in the United Arab Emirates and one in Thailand before starting jackup rig conversions in the late 1980s. In the late 1990s, the company started to diversify into oil rig construction. In 2006 the company launched an initial public offering on the Alternative Investment Market and in 2008 it secured a full listing on the London Stock Exchange.
Lamprell diversified its offering further, from predominantly servicing the oil & gas market to entering the renewables' arena in the early 2000s. It delivered four self-propelled jackup vessels for offshore oil & gas and offshore wind turbine installation to Seajacks, and two wind turbine installation vessels to Fred Olsen.
The company acquired Maritime Industrial Services, another maritime services business, for $336 million in July 2011 but was hit by a series of profit warnings in 2012 following a string of losses, delays and deferrals in individual projects. In March 2013, the company was fined £2.4 million by the Financial Services Authority in connection with the profit warnings and for its failure to keep the market properly informed.
The company entered the Guinness World Records book in 2014 for the "heaviest load moved by self-propelled modular trailers" for moving a 13,191.98 metric tonne Production, Utilities and Quarters (PUQ) deck for its client Nexen Petroleum UK.
In 2016, Lamprell won its first contract to construct 60 wind turbine foundation structures following an award from ScottishPower Renewables for the East Anglia One project.
In 2017, Lamprell, via subsidiary Maritime Offshore Limited, joined a partnership developing the King Salman Global Maritime Industries Complex in Saudi Arabia.
In 2022, the company announced that Thunderball Investments, a company owned by Blofeld Investment Management and AlGihaz, had made an offer for the company worth £38.8m ($46.5m) which the board of Lamprell had accepted.

## Operations

Lamprell has three main business units: renewables, oil & gas, and digital. Its main operations centres and yards are in the UAE and Saudi Arabia. In the UAE its main facility is located in Hamriyah, and it has a second facility in Jebel Ali and a third in Dubai Investments park.
Lamprell also has a joint partnership with Saudi Aramco, Bahri and HHI in the Industrial Maritime Yard in Saudi Arabia.
# Latrologa

Latrologa is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae. It contains the species Latrologa aoropis, which is found in Sri Lanka.
The wingspan is 11–12 mm. The forewings are ochreous-whitish, irregularly sprinkled dark fuscous and with cloudy elongate dark fuscous costal spots at the base, one-fourth, and the middle. The stigmata are represented by cloudy dark fuscous spots, the plical somewhat beyond the first discal, the second discal large, roundish, preceded by a small additional spot. There are several small irregular spots before the margins posteriorly. The hindwings are light grey.