OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Progress 12

Progress 12 (Russian: Прогресс 12) was a Soviet unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft, which was launched in January 1981 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station.

## Spacecraft

Progress 12 was a Progress 7K-TG spacecraft. The twelfth of forty three to be launched, it had the serial number 113. The Progress 7K-TG spacecraft was the first generation Progress, derived from the Soyuz 7K-T and intended for uncrewed logistics missions to space stations in support of the Salyut programme. On some missions the spacecraft was also used to adjust the orbit of the space station.
The Progress spacecraft had a dry mass of 6,520 kilograms (14,370 lb), which increased to around 7,020 kilograms (15,480 lb) when fully fuelled. It measured 7.48 metres (24.5 ft) in length, and 2.72 metres (8 ft 11 in) in diameter. Each spacecraft could accommodate up to 2,500 kilograms (5,500 lb) of payload, consisting of dry cargo and propellant. The spacecraft was powered by chemical batteries, and could operate in free flight for up to three days, remaining docked to the station for up to thirty.

## Launch

Progress 12 launched on 24 January 1981 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Kazakh SSR. It used a Soyuz-U rocket.

## Docking

Progress 12 docked with the aft port of Salyut 6 on 26 January 1981 at 15:56 UTC, and was undocked on 19 March 1981 at 18:14 UTC.

## Decay

It remained in orbit until 20 March 1981, when it was deorbited. The deorbit burn occurred at 16:59 UTC.
# Petti Amba

Petti Amba (පෙට්‍ටි අඹ) is a variety of plant in the Mangifera (mango) genus of the family Anacardiaceae. It is now extreme rare and is called Petti Amba in Sinhala meaning 'Box Mango'. Petti Amba might be native or endemic to Sri Lanka.
# Ugransky District

Ugransky District (Russian: Угрáнский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,868.52 square kilometers (1,107.54 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Ugra. Population: 8,916 (2010 Census); 11,022 (2002 Census); 14,005 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ugra accounts for 48.0% of the district's total population.

## People

* Mikhail Isakovsky (1900–1973)
# Chernihiv Philharmony

Chernihiv Philharmony or the Chernihiv Oblast Philharmonic Centre for Festivals and Concerts (Ukrainian: Чернігівський обласний філармонійний центр фестивалів та концертних програм) is located just few meters from Krasna Square in the center of Chernihiv, Ukraine was founded in 1944. This building is an example of Russian Revival architecture that was popular at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.

## History

First Philharmonic housed in the former convent Eletski. In August 1941, the building was burned during the Nazi bombings. In the postwar years Philharmonic has been restored with the superstructure 3rd floor. In 2000, the Chernihiv Regional Philharmonic Society was reorganized into the Regional Philharmonic Center festivals and concert programs.

## Events

In 2014 Anna Binneweg made her European conducting young orchestra debut Chernihiv Philharmony.

## Gallery

* Chernihiv Philharmonic corridor left
* In 1911
# Hipertrofia

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Teraz Rock | |
Hipertrofia (English: Hypertrophy) is the third studio album by Coma, released on November 10, 2008. The album consists of two compact discs with 35 songs. Hypertrophy is a concept album where all songs are connected with a single leading thought. This album was the best rock album in 2008 according to Antyradio

## Personnel

* Rafał Matuszak - (Bass guitar)
* Dominik Witczak - (Guitar)
* Marcin Kobza - (Guitar)
* Adam Marszałkowski - (Drums)
* Piotr Rogucki - (Vocal)

## Charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| Polish Albums (ZPAV) | 1 |
# Bogan Gate

Bogan Gate (/ˈboʊɡən ˈɡeɪt/) is a small village in Parkes Shire of the Central West of New South Wales, Australia. At the 2011 census, Bogan Gate and the surrounding area had a population of 307. Bogan Gate is derived from the local Aboriginal word meaning "the birthplace of a notable headman of the local tribe".
The village lies in wheat and sheep growing country and is on the Sydney - Broken Hill rail line, and it is the junction for the Bogan Gate–Tottenham Branch line.
Attractions include the annual Bogan Gate Arts Festival and golf tournaments at the local nine-hole Bogan Gate Golf Club.

## History
### 19th century

Explorer John Oxley passed through the area in 1817. An early reference to the name Bogan Gate is in the New South Wales Government Gazette for 19 May 1876. Tenders were called for the conveyance of mail to Bogan Gate in May 1877. Bogan Gate Post Office opened on 15 December 1896.
The arrival of the railway line late in the 19th century transformed Bogan Gate and agriculture in the region. The western line from Sydney reached Parkes and Forbes in 1893. When it reached the Bogan Gate area in 1896, the settlement moved south to relocate near the railway station. Land for the township was surveyed in 1897 and a public school was built the following year. The railway station was at the heart of the community and busiest during the shearing and harvest times.
The railway made it possible to grow commercial wheat crops in the area. Previously the high cost of transport had made the crop uneconomic in western New South Wales. Also significant in expansion of wheat growing in the region was the practice of share farming, introduced into New South Wales from the United States in 1893.

### 20th century

The town had a spurt of growth in the years immediately after the railway station opened. By 1903, Bogan Gate had a public school with 67 students, a police station, post office, sawmill, general store, butcher, baker, blacksmith and two hotels; the Bogan Gate Hotel (built 1899), which had 17 rooms, and the Railway Hotel.
Bogan Gate had a population of 300 when the Shire of Goobang came into existence in 1906. By the 1920s, there was a general store employing 11 people, stock and station agencies, a bank, a doctor's surgery and another hotel. The Great Depression forced many residents to move in search of work to larger towns and cities.
An explosives testing ground was established near Bogan Gate during World War II. The site was used by the Australian Army and Royal Australian Air Force to store munitions for decades. As of 2014, the former Defence site was leased to several companies.

### 21st century

Modern Bogan Gate has a public hall, school, Post Office & hotel/motel.
Recreational facilities include Burrawang Park, & a nine-hole golf course and night-lit tennis courts.
A festival, that included a competition to find “Australia’s Biggest Bogan,” was held in the town in July 2019.

## Notable residents

* William Keast (1872−1938), politician
* Lu Rees (1901−1983), bookseller and book collector
* Jim Taylor (1920−2005), politician
* Ian Walsh (1933−2013), rugby league player
# John R. Pitt

John Robertson Pitt (July 1, 1885 in Carluke, Ontario – 1970) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal-Progressive from 1935 to 1958.
The son of James Pitt and Mary D. King, both natives of Edinburgh, Scotland, Pitt was educated in Oneida. He first came to Manitoba as a seasonal farm worker in 1901 and returned to the Pierson district two years later. He was a general hardware merchant and funeral director. In 1913, he married Isabelle Hardy. Pitt chaired the Pierson School Board from 1918 to 1930.
He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in a by-election held on June 24, 1935. The previous member had died in the Arthur constituency, in the province's southwestern corner, and Pitt was elected by acclamation to take his place. In the 1936, he defeated Conservative candidate J. Arthur Ross by 309 votes to retain the constituency.
Pitt was returned by acclamation in the 1941 election, and defeated a candidate of the CCF in the 1945 election. He was returned a final time in 1949, over two opponents. He served as a government backbencher throughout his time in the legislature, in the ministries of John Bracken, Stuart Garson and Douglas Campbell.
Pitt lost his seat to J. Arthur Ross in the 1953 provincial election, by 480 votes. Ross had served as a member of the House of Commons of Canada since 1936, and had an expanded profile in the constituency.
# Lao Lom

The Lao Lom (Thai: ลาวหล่ม, pronounced), also called Tai Lom (ไทหล่ม, pronounced) or Tai Loei (ไทเลย, pronounced), are an ethnic group in Thailand and Laos. They should not be confused with the Lao Loum (lowland Lao), who make up approximately 69% of the population of Laos.

## Geographic distribution

The Lao Lom have a population of approximately 27,000 spread out over the Loei, Phetchabun, Phitsanulok and Nong Khai Provinces of Thailand. There are also Lao Lom in the Bokeo Province of Laos.

## Culture

The Lao Lom are known for a social way of life.

## Religion

* Theravada Buddhism
# Kolchuginsky District

Kolchuginsky District (Russian: Кольчу́гинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,148 square kilometers (443 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kolchugino. Population: 49,656 (2021 Census); 56,351 (2010 Census); 11,405 (2002 Census); 16,312 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kolchugino accounts for 79.4% of the district's total population.
# Makadara Constituency

Makadara Constituency is an electoral constituency in Nairobi City County, Kenya. It is one of the seventeen constituencies in the county. It was renamed prior to the 1997 elections, but was also known as Nairobi Doonholm Constituency for the 1963 elections, then as Bahati Constituency from 1966 to 1997. It consists of some central and southern of central areas of Nairobi County. The entire constituency is located within Nairobi City County, and has an area of 13 km$^2$. The current constituency boundaries were revised prior to the 2013 elections. It has a population of 189,536 people from the 2019 census report.
Mwai Kibaki, who later became the president of Kenya, served as a Makadara MP before moving to Othaya Constituency. The constituency was also represented by Gideon Kioko Mbuvi who was elected in a by-election in 2010, replacing Dickson Wathika, whose election in 2007 was invalidated due to 'election irregularities'. Sonko went on to become the senator for Nairobi County in 2013, and is currently the Governor of Nairobi County which is also the Capital of Kenya.

## Members of Parliament

| Elections | MP | Party | Notes |
| 1963 | Mwai Kibaki | KANU | |
| 1969 | Mwai Kibaki | KANU | One-party system |
| 1974 | James Muriuki | KANU | One-party system. |
| 1979 | Fredrick Esau Omido | KANU | One-party system |
| 1983 | Fredrick Esau Omido | KANU | One-party system. |
| 1988 | Fredrick Esau Omido | KANU | One-party system. |
| 1992 | John Mutere | FORD-Asili | |
| 1997 | Paul Mugeke | Democratic Party | |
| 2002 | Reuben Ndolo | NARC | |
| 2007 | Dickson Wathika | PNU | Election invalidated in April 2010 due to electoral irregularities |
| 2010 | Gidion Mbuvi Kioko | NARC-Kenya | By-election (September 20, 2010) |
| 2013 | Benson Kangara | TNA |

## County Assembly wards

| Location | Area | Population* |
| Maringo/Hamza | 2.9 | 52,293 |
| Viwandani | 5.7 | 44,881 |
| Harambee | 2.6 | 32,238 |
| Makongeni | 1.8 | 31,022 |
| Total | 13.0 | 160,434 |
| 1999 census. |||

## Makadara Sub-county

The Sub-county shares the same boundaries as the constituency. The sub-county is headquartered in Makadara. It is headed by a Deputy County Commissioner, working under the Ministry of Interior.
# Al Mushrif

Al Mushrif is a central neighborhood in the city of Abu Dhabi zone one, United Arab Emirates. Al-Mushrif is located in an area between Sheikh Rashid Bin Saeed Street "Airport Road" and Arabian Gulf Street, which extends to Mussafah Bridge. It is the location of the Al Mushrif Palace and Umm Al Emarat Park, as well as Mushrif Mall. It also contains the Women's Handicrafts Centre, demonstrating practices such as saddu (carpet weaving) and talli (embroidering).
# Diethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide (British English: diethyl sulphide) is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula (CH$_3$CH$_2$)$_2$S. It is a colorless, malodorous liquid. Although a common thioether, it has few applications.

## Preparation

Diethyl sulfide is a by-product of the commercial production of ethanethiol, which is prepared by the reaction of ethylene with hydrogen sulfide over an alumina-based catalyst. The amount of diethyl sulfide produced can be controlled by varying the ratio of hydrogen sulfide to ethylene.

## Occurrence

Diethyl sulfide has been found to be a constituent of the odor of durian fruit and as a constituent found in volatiles from potatoes.

## Reactions

Diethyl sulfide is a Lewis base, classified as a soft ligand (see also ECW model). Its relative donor strength toward a series of acids, versus other Lewis bases, can be illustrated by C-B plots.
With bromine, it forms a salt called diethylbromosulfonium bromide:
    (CH$_3$CH$_2$)$_2$S + Br$_2$ → [(CH$_3$CH$_2$)$_2$SBr]$^+$Br$^−$
A typical coordination complex is cis-PtCl$_2$(S(CH$_2$CH$_3$)$_2$)$_2$.
# Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party (2021)

The Terai–Madhesh Loktantrik Party (Nepali: तराई-मधेस लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी (तमलोपा)) is a political party in Nepal. Although the party's primary base is still in Terai Madhesh of Madhesh Province only, it has tried to expand its throughout Terai and Tharuhath regions of Nepal.
The party was officially registered at Election Commission on 13 December 2021. Brikhesh Chandra Lal is the chairman of the party and former member of constituent assembly, Bijay Kumar Singh is the senior leader of the party.

## History

The party was officially registered on 3 December 2021 for the second time under the name.
Later it was reported that senior leaders Brikhesh Chandra Lal and Bijay Kumar Singh had played role in registering the party under the chairmanship of Ravi Shankar Karna (Subhash). Karna who previously served as the deputy chairman of student's union of old Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party. Similarly leader Lal and Singh were active as central committee member of Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal. They were also the founding leader of previously Mahantha Thakur led Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party (Defunct). They had left Nepali Congress along with Thakur to form the party.
On 22 February 2021, hundreds of party caders and leaders from Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal led by Lal and Dr Singh joined the party. Among them were Ramji Ray, Dhirendra Bahadur Singh, Satis Lal Das, Yogendra Rai, Umesh Mandal and Mohammad Asgar Ali. This created a huge loss to former party organization in Dhanusha and Mahottari district.

### Party expansion and electoral performance

The party won several seats in eastern terai and won several ward chairs in Janakpur, Mahottari rural municipality and other munucipalities. Similarly, the party won chairperson of Mahottari Rural Municipality which lies in Mahottari 3 which remains the election concituency of Mahantha Thakur. This was seen as a major success of the party as the party was able to divert traditional vote bank of Janata Samajwadi Party and Loktantrik Samajwadi Party ending their monopoly in the Madhesh province.

## Electoral performance
### Local election

| Election | Leader(s) | Seats | Seats | Local levels won |
| Election | Leader(s) | Mayor/Chairman | +/- | Local levels won |
| 2022 | Brikhesh Chandra Lal | 1 / 753 | 1 | Mahottari Rural Municipality |

## Leadership
### Chairman

* Brikhesh Chandra Lal (2021-present)

### Senior leader

* Bijay Kumar Singh (2021-present)
# Queen Divyeshwari of Nepal

Divyeshwari (Nepali: दिव्येश्वरी राज्य लक्ष्मीदेवी शाह; 1875–1933) was the Queen Consort of Nepal from her marriage in 1886 to her husband's death in 1911. She was the second wife of King Prithvi of Nepal. Queen Divyeshwari was the mother of King Tribhuvan of Nepal.
Other anglicized names include Divyeshwari Lakshmi Devi Shah, Lakshmi Divyeshwari, and Queen Laxmi Divyeshwari.
Queen Divyeshwari was originally a Rajput princess from Kangra, Punjab. She was married to King Prithvi in 1886 at the Narayanhity Royal Palace. She was a queen consort until 1911, when her husband died. Her son, Crown Prince Tribhuvan, then ascended the throne. Also she had a daughter, Princess Suman Rajya Lakshmi Devi (1908-1968).
Queen Divyeshwari died in 1933 at the Narayanhiti Royal Palace.
# Yulia Prokopchuk

Yulia Anatoliyivna Prokopchuk (Ukrainian: Юлія Анатоліївна Прокопчук, also transliterated Yuliia or Iuliia; born 23 October 1986) is a retired Ukrainian diver. She has won seven gold medals at the European Championships and two medals (silver and bronze) at the World Championships.

## Career

Prokopchuk participated in the 10 m platform event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
With her partner, Viktoriya Potyekhina, she won the silver medal in the 10 m synchro event of the European Aquatics Championships. A few months later, Prokopchuk appeared at the 2012 Summer Olympics, competing in the 10 m platform event and in the 10 m platform synchronized event with Potyekhina.
Prokopchuk won bronze in the 10 m platform event at the 2013 World Championships and silver in the team event at the 2015 World Championships.
She finished 14th in the 10 m platform event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.
# Lexgaard

Lexgaard (Danish: Læksgaarde, North Frisian: Leeksguurd) is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# John S. Ridley

John Sutherland Ridley (April 6, 1882 – May 2, 1934) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1920 to 1922. Ridley was a member of the Conservative Party.

## Biography

He was born in Parkhill, Ontario, the son of John W. Ridley and Elisabeth Boyd. Ridley was first employed in farming and later entered the farm implement business, partnering with his brother in Manitou. He played with the Manitou Lacrosse Club, who were provincial champions in 1904. He was a member of the United Church. Ridley married Sarah E. Kealey.
Ridley was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1920 provincial election, defeating Farmer candidate George Compton by 259 votes in the constituency of Manitou. Incumbent Liberal George Armstrong finished third. The Liberal Party won a minority government in this election, and Ridley served with his party in opposition.
He ran for re-election in the 1922 provincial election, and narrowly lost to George Compton in a rematch from two years earlier. Compton was by this time a candidate of the United Farmers of Manitoba.
His son Maurice also served in the Manitoba assembly.
He died in Manitou in 1934.
# Jack Jones

Jack Jones may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Music

* Jack Jones (American singer) (1938–2024), American jazz and pop singer
* Jack Jones, stage name of Australian singer Irwin Thomas (born 1971)
* Jack Jones (Welsh musician) (born 1992), Welsh musician, songwriter and poet

### Other media

* Jack Jones (novelist) (1884–1970), Welsh novelist and playwright
* Jack Jones (journalist) (1924–2011), American journalist
* Jack Jones (TV journalist) (1949–1991), American television journalist

### Fictional characters

* Lance-Corporal Jack Jones, a character in the sitcom Dad's Army
* Jack Jones, a banker in the Oliver Stone film Nixon

## Politics

* Jack Jones (Silvertown MP) (John Joseph Jones, 1873–1941), British Labour MP for Silvertown
* Jack Jones (Rotherham MP) (John Henry Jones, 1894–1962), British Labour MP for Bolton, later MP for Rotherham
* Jack Jones (Australian politician) (John Joseph Jones, 1907–1997), member of the Victorian Legislative Council for Ballarat
* Jack Jones (trade unionist) (1913–2009), British trade union leader

## Sports
### Association football (soccer)

* Jack Jones (footballer, born 1869) (1866–1931), Wales international footballer who played for Grimsby Town, Sheffield United and Tottenham
* Jack Jones (footballer, born 1874) (1874–1904), English football forward for Small Heath, Bristol Rovers and Tottenham
* Jack Jones (footballer, born 1891) (1891–1948), English football defender for Birmingham, Nelson and Crewe
* Jack Jones (1920s Welsh footballer), footballer for Wrexham and Crewe Alexandra
* Jack Jones (footballer, born 1907), Irish football defender for Linfield, Hibernian, Glenavon, Bath City and Ireland (IFA)
* Jack Jones (footballer, born 1913) (1913–1995), English football player for Everton and Sunderland
* Jack Jones (footballer, born 1916) (1916–1999), Scottish footballer
* Jack Jones (footballer, born 1921) (1921–2001), Welsh footballer for Wrexham, Doncaster Rovers and New Brighton
* Jack Jones (soccer, born 1987) (born 1987), American soccer player

### Australian rules football

* Jack Jones (footballer, born 1887) (1887–1964), Australian rules footballer for South Melbourne
* Jack Jones (footballer, born 1888) (1888–1960), Australian rules footballer for University
* Jack Jones (footballer, born 1924) (1924–2020), Australian rules footballer for Essendon

### Rugby

* Jack Jones (rugby union, born 1886) (1886–1951), Welsh international rugby union player
* Jack Jones (rugby, born 1890) (1890–?), rugby union and league footballer for Wales (RU), Abertillery, and Oldham (RL)
* Jack Jones (Australian rugby league) (fl. 1925–1933), Australian rugby league player

### Other sports

* Jumping Jack Jones (1860–1936), American baseball pitcher
* Jack Jones (cricketer) (1899–1991), cricketer for Western Australia and Australian rules football player and coach
* Jack Jones (water polo) (1925–2016), English Olympic water polo player
* Jack Jones (American football) (born 1997), American football player

## Other

* Jack Harold Jones (1964–2017), American serial killer
# Nehran, Qazvin

Nehran (Persian: نهران, also Romanized as Nehrān, Nahrān, and Nakhran) is a village in Khandan Rural District, Tarom Sofla District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 100, in 31 families.
# Berefrine

Berefrine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name), also known as burefrine, is a sympathomimetic and mydriatic medication that was never marketed. It is described as an oxazolidine prodrug of phenylephrine and hence would act as a selective α$_1$-adrenergic receptor agonist.