OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hørsholm Arboretum

Hørsholm Arboretum (Danish: Arboretet i Hørsholm) is an arboretum located in Hørsholm, 20 km north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It operates as part of the University of Copenhagen's Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management.

## Arboretum

Hørsholm Arboretum was established by the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University in 1936 as an off-site expansion of the Forestry Botanical Garden in Charlottenlund. With its approximately 2 000 species of trees and shrubs, Hørsholm Arboretum is the largest arboretum in Denmark.

## Buildings

The Forest & Landscape research center was built in 1994–95 to design by royal building inspector Gehrdt Bornebusch. It has been designed to maximize the views of the arboretum and Ubberød Pond. The use of wood, both elm and pine, plays a prominent role in the architecture. The building was left empty when the activities moved to Copenhagen in 2008 and the national property company Freja Ejendomme took over the buildings in 2011.

## Public access

Hørsholm Arboretum is open to the public daily from 6.39 until sunset. It is particularly popular with visitors in May when the extensive collection of wild rhododendron species blossom. The arboretum arranges tours and other events with support from G.B. Hartmanns Forskningsfond.
# Vladislav (disambiguation)

Vladislav is a male given name of Slavic origin.
Vladislav may also refer to:

## Places

* Vladislav (Třebíč District), a market town in the Czech Republic
# Espresso (disambiguation)

Espresso is a coffee beverage.
Espresso may also refer to:
* Espresso (microprocessor), used in the Wii U game console
* Espresso, the development name for the T-Mobile myTouch 3G Slide
* Espresso Book Machine, a printing press
* Espresso heuristic logic minimizer, circuit design software
* L'Espresso, an Italian magazine
* Quantum ESPRESSO, a chemistry software suite
* ESPRESSO, a spectrographic instrument of the Very Large Telescope array in northern Chile

## Songs

* "Espresso" (song), a 2024 song by Sabrina Carpenter
* "Espresso", a song by Twice from the album Formula of Love: O+T=<3
# HMS Verbena (K85)

HMS Verbena was a Flower-class corvette of the Royal Navy during the Second World War. She was launched in 1940, served in the Battle of the Atlantic, and was scrapped in 1951.

## Construction

Assigned the pennant number K85, Verbena was built by Smiths Dock Company, South Bank-on-Tees and was laid down on 29 June 1940, initially under contract for the French Navy. She was launched on 1 October 1940, began acceptance trials on 5 December 1940 and was subsequently commissioned on 19 December 1940 into the Royal Navy. She undertook working-up exercises at the Royal Navy's Anti-Submarine Training Base at HMS Western Isles, Tobermory and was certified as suitable for ocean escort duty on 30 December 1940.

## Service

Verbena had the distinction of being the first corvette to be commanded by an officer of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, Lieutenant-Commander Denys Rayner, from November 1940 until September 1942. She was also the first Flower-class corvette to be installed with an extended forecastle to improve stability at sea.
She joined her first convoy, under the command of Rayner, on 5 January 1941 and duly escorted the merchantmen up to the 20°W, before returning (then the limit for ocean escorts). After escorting two more convoys, she was assigned to the Mid-Ocean Escort Force, Escort Group B12, based out of Londonderry. On 1 February 1941, after landing survivors from a sunken merchantman, she was taken to the Clyde for fitting with minesweeping gear.
She then sailed on escort duties to Gibraltar before returning to duties in the Atlantic which included a stint escorting Convoy HX 126 which had come under attack from a total of eleven U-boats (the convoy losing nine merchantmen in the process).
On 4 September 1941, she was refitted at Grangemouth and had a Type 271 Radar set fitted, taken from the battlecruiser HMS Renown. Following this she sailed for escort duties operating from Freetown. Following further operations in Cape Town, she sailed to join the Eastern Fleet at Colombo where on 25 April 1942 was declared non-operational with a major boiler defect, only being declared fit for further service on 6 February 1943.
Further transfers saw her assigned to the Indian Ocean Escort Force, again to the Eastern Fleet, then to the East Indies Fleet, then finally in September 1945 to the Reserve Fleet based at Milford Haven and was placed on the Reserve list.

## Fate

She was placed on the Disposal list and was sold to Swedish shipping firm AB Tore Holmes for conversion into a merchantman. Her conversion was never undertaken and she was finally sold, being scrapped at Blyth from 1 October 1951.
# Oregon's 20th Senate district

District 20 of the Oregon State Senate comprises northern Clackamas County and encompasses the communities between Oregon City and Happy Valley. It is composed of Oregon House districts 39 and 40. The district is currently represented by Democrat Mark Meek of Gladstone.

## Election results

District boundaries have changed over time. Therefore, senators before 2021 may not represent the same constituency as today. From 1993 until 2003, the district covered parts of the Eugene metropolitan area; from 2003 until 2013, it stretched from Clackamas to Canby while not extending as far east as Happy Valley; and from 2013 to 2023, it did not extend as far north, with only part of Clackamas and none of Happy Valley included, while stretching farther east to reach Estacada.
The results are as follows:
| Year | Candidate | Party | Percent | Opponent | Party | Percent | Opponent | Party | Percent |
| 1982 | Margie Hendriksen | Democratic | 52.2% | George F. Wingard | Republican | 47.8% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate |
| 1986 | Grattan Kerans | Democratic | 64.2% | Scott Carpenter | Republican | 31.2% | Bob Fauvre | Libertarian | 4.6% |
| 1990 | Grattan Kerans | Democratic | 63.2% | Peter Swan | Republican | 36.8% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate |
| 1994 | Pete Sorenson | Democratic | 64.5% | Jimi Mathers | Republican | 28.0% | Jeanne Dellinger | Nonpartisan | 7.5% |
| 1998 | Susan Castillo | Democratic | 79.4% | Scott Austin | Republican | 20.6% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate |
| 2002 | Kurt Schrader | Democratic | 55.6% | Jesse Lott | Republican | 44.4% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate |
| 2006 | Kurt Schrader | Democratic | 96.1% | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| 2010 | Alan Olsen | Republican | 50.2% | Martha Schrader | Democratic | 49.8% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate |
| 2014 | Alan Olsen | Republican | 52.5% | Jamie Damon | Democratic | 47.1% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate |
| 2018 | Alan Olsen | Republican | 51.9% | Charles Gallia | Democratic | 46.1% | Kenny Sernach | Libertarian | 1.9% |
| 2022 | Mark Meek | Democratic | 50.3% | Bill Kennemer | Republican | 49.5% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate |
# Saranrab

Saranrab (Persian: سرنراب, also Romanized as Saranrāb) is a village in Halil Rural District, in the Central District of Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 116, in 25 families.
# Nuhići

Nuhići (Serbian: Нухићи) is a village in the municipality of Bugojno, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was nil, down from 8 in 1991.
# HMS Derwent (1903)

HMS Derwent was a Hawthorn Leslie-type River-class destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1901 – 1902 Naval Estimates. Named after the River Derwent in central England, she was the second ship to carry this name.

## Construction

She was laid down on 12 June 1902 at the Hawthorn Leslie shipyard at Hebburn-on-Tyne and launched on 14 February 1903. She was completed on 1 July 1904. Her original armament was to be the same as the turtleback torpedo boat destroyers that preceded her. In 1906 the Admiralty decided to upgrade the armament by landing the five 6-pounder naval guns and shipping three 12-pounder 8 hundredweight (cwt) guns. Two were mounted abeam at the foc's'le break, and the third gun was mounted on the quarterdeck.

## Pre-War

After commissioning she was assigned to the East Coast Destroyer Flotilla of the 1st Fleet and based at Harwich.
In April 1909 she was assigned to the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla on its formation at Harwich. She remained until displaced by a Beagle-class destroyer by May 1912. She was assigned to the 5th Destroyer Flotilla of the 2nd Fleet with a nucleus crew.
On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed that all destroyer classes were to be designated by letters. The ships of the River class were assigned to the E class. After 30 September 1913, she was known as an E-class destroyer and had the letter ‘E’ painted on the hull below the bridge area and on either the fore or aft funnel.

## World War I

In early 1914 when displaced by G-class destroyers she joined the 9th Destroyer Flotilla based at Chatham tendered to HMS St George. The 9th Flotilla was a patrol flotilla operating anti-submarine and counter-mining patrols in the Firth of Forth area. By September 1914, she was deployed to the Dover Patrol based at Portsmouth. Here she provided anti-submarine and counter-mining patrols and defended the Dover Barrage.
In August 1915 with the amalgamation of the 7th and 9th Flotillas, she was assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla when it was redeployed to Portsmouth in November 1916. She was equipped with depth charges for use in anti-submarine patrols, escorting of merchant ships and defending the Dover Barrage. In the spring of 1917 as the convoy system was being introduced the 1st Flotilla was employed in escort duties for convoys through the English Channel for the remainder of the war.

## Loss

On 2 May 1917 she struck a contact mine, laid by German submarine UC-26, off Le Havre, France. She sank 2 cables north of Whistle Buoy at position 49°31′N 00°02′W﻿ / ﻿49.517°N 0.033°W﻿ / 49.517; -0.033 with the loss of 58 officers and men.

## Pennant numbers

| Pennant number | From | To |
| N25 | 6 Dec 1914 | 1 Sep 1915 |
| D15 | 1 Sep 1915 | 18 Jun 1916 |
# Flag Officer, West Africa

The Flag Officer, West Africa (FOWA) was a military command of the British Royal Navy during the Second World War. It existed from 1942 to 1945.

## The Royal Navy's prior history in West Africa

During the 19th century, the West Africa Squadron was created, primarily as an anti-slavery effort. Later the Cape of Good Hope Station, homeported at Simonstown, South Africa, merged with the West Coast of Africa Station to create the Cape of Good Hope and West Africa Station for the periods 1857-1865 and 1867-1920.
* 1807: British slave trade illegal
* 1808: First RN anti-slavery patrol, West Africa Squadron, ships on "particular service"
* 1819: West African Station an independent command under a Commodore
* 1840: West African Station still independent, but not under a Commodore
* 1842: West African Station once more commanded by a Commodore
* 1857-1865: West African Station again combined with Cape of Good Hope Station
* 1866: West African Station an independent command again
* 1867 West Africa/Preventative Squadron is disbanded
* 1867-1920 Ships in West Africa under control of Commander-in-Chief, Cape of Good Hope Station and West Africa Station
* 1942-1945 Flag Officer, West Africa operated from Freetown, Sierra Leone

## The Second World War

In 1941, escort forces began to be built up at Freetown. The post of Flag Officer, West Africa was established in August 1942 as part of the Admiralty re-organisation of commands. He initially controlled two corvettes and a few Free French ships. This was due to the growing importance of Freetown as a major base for convoy escorts. It existed until 1945.

## Flag Officers, West Africa

Post holders included:
| | Rank | Name | Term |
| Flag Officer, West Africa ||||||
| 1 | Vice-Admiral | Frank Pegram | August, 1942 - May,1943 |
| 2 | Vice-Admiral | Bernard Rawlings | May - November, 1943 |
| 3 | Vice-Admiral | Arthur Peters | November, 1943 - 1945 |

## Components

    Distribution of units attached to station included:
| | Unit | Date | Notes |
| 1 | 18th Destroyer Flotilla | July 1941- January 1942 | 2 sloops, 18 corvettes |
| 2 | 18th Destroyer Flotilla | January 1942 - August 1942 | 2 sloops, 24 corvettes |
| 3 | 18th Destroyer Flotilla | August 1942 - July 1943 | 2 sloops, 23 corvettes |
| 4 | 18th Destroyer Flotilla | July 1943 - February 1944 | 15 destroyers, 2 sloops, 15 corvettes |
| 5 | 18th Destroyer Flotilla | February 1944 - September 1944 | 6 destroyers, 7 sloops & frigates, 7 corvettes |
| 6 | 55th Escort Group | September 1944 - May 1945 | 4/5 escort destroyers |
| 7 | 56th Escort Group | September 1944 - May 1945 | 4/5 escort destroyers |
| 8 | 57th Escort Group | September 1944 - May 1945 | 4/5 escort destroyers |
| 9 | 58th Escort Group | September 1944 - May 1945 | 4/5 escort destroyers, 15 corvettes |
| 10 | 59th Escort Group | September 1944 - May 1945 | 4/5 escort destroyers |
| 11 | 60th Escort Group | September 1944 - May 1945 | 4/5 escort destroyers |
# Hezareh Castle

Hezareh castle (Persian: قلعه هزاره) is a historical castle located in Minab County in Hormozgan Province,] The Hezareh Castle is located in the city of Mināb (Hormozgān region) and dates back to the first millennium AD The historic building of the Hezāreh Castle or Bibi Minu (local inhabitants are convinced that in the past two sisters named Bibi Minu and Bibi Nāzanin built this city and lived in this castle), in raw bricks and mud, had a defensive and military function.
This place from the Achaemenid period and was used for governmental purposes and this function lasted until the Safavid period.
# Limited Views

Limited Views or Guanzhui bian (simplified Chinese: 管锥编; traditional Chinese: 管錐編; pinyin: Guǎnzhuī biān) is a four-volume collection of essays and reading notes about early Chinese literature by Qian Zhongshu, a renowned 20th-century Chinese literary scholar and writer. The work was written during the 1960s and 1970s, the height of Cultural Revolution and touched upon I Ching, Mao Commentary, Zuo zhuan, Records of the Grand Historian, Taiping guangji, Laozi, Liezi, Jiaoshi Yilin, Chu Ci, Quan shanggu sandai Qin Han Sanguo Liuchao wen, and other Chinese classics. Qian adopted the method of research comparing Chinese and Western culture and did extensive and detailed textual work. Half of the work is concerned with Taiping guangji and Quan shanggu sandai Qin Han Sanguo Liuchao wen. More than 4000 writers and 10,000 titles were cited in this work. Meanwhile, Qian also employed his wide knowledge of social sciences and humanities. Limited Views was published officially in September 1979 by Zhonghua Book Company in Beijing.
# Italian Federation of Textile Workers

The Italian Federation of Textile Workers (Italian: Federazione Italiana Operai Tessili, FIOT) was a trade union representing workers in textile manufacturing and processing in Italy.
The union was founded on 28 April 1901, when a wide variety of local trade unions formed the National Federation of the Textile Arts. It launched a journal, The Textile Arts, and its membership increased from 4,000 at foundation, to 20,000 by the end of the year. It launched an unsuccessful campaign for a maximum 10 hour working day. Its campaign to limit child labour was more successful, achieving a ban on under-12s in 1902, and under-14s in 1905. It also achieved statutory maternity leave.
In 1904, the union renamed itself as the Italian Confederation of Textile Arts, and soon affiliated to the new General Confederation of Labour. It achieved little in the remainder of the decade, heavily divided between reformists and revolutionary syndicalists. In 1911, it became the Italian Federation of Textile Workers, and it grew rapidly during World War I, the industry growing and the union securing pay increases. From 1917, it agreed not to undertake strikes, in exchange for being included in compulsory collective bargaining.
From 1925, the Fascist government prohibited the union from having a formal role in representation or bargaining, and it was banned in 1934. It was re-established in February 1945, and affiliated to the new Italian General Confederation of Labour. It soon moved its headquarters to Milan. By 1947, it had 500,000 members, out of a total of 600,000 working in the industry. In 1947, Teresa Noce became the first woman to lead a major Italian trade union.
Although the social democrats and Christian democrats soon left to form their own, rival, unions, the majority of workers remained, and by 1949, the union had 350,000 members. Employment in the sector declined over the following decades, and by 1965, membership was down to 118,812. In 1966, it merged with the Italian Federation of Garment Workers, to form the Italian Federation of Textile and Garment Workers.

## General Secretaries

    1945: Domenico Marchioro
    1947: Teresa Noce
    1955: Lina Fibbi
# Frederick C. Colborne

Frederick C. Colborne (November 14, 1916 – April 19, 2006) D.F.C., of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in 1944 and served until 1971.

## Early life

He served in Newfoundland during WWII, earning a Distinguished Flying Cross.

## Political career

In 1944, there were three members of the armed forces (army, navy, and air force) elected to the legislature. These three members did not represent a specific constituency but instead spoke for the men and women serving overseas in the Second World War. These three representatives had no political affiliation and sat on the opposition side of the House. Colborne was the representative of the Air Force.
He served on Calgary city council 1947–1948.
In 1948, he was elected in the Calgary electoral district as a member of the Alberta Social Credit Party. During his lengthy service as an MLA, he also became a member of Cabinet, serving initially as a Minister without Portfolio. In 1962, he became Minister of Public Works and then, in 1967, Minister of Municipal Affairs. He was defeated in Calgary Currie in the 1971 Alberta general election by Fred Peacock of the Progressive Conservatives. After his defeat from the legislature, he did not return to provincial politics.
# Badlu

Badlu (Persian: بادلو, also Romanized as Bādlū, Badlū Bādellū, and Bādelū) is a village in Qaflankuh-e Sharqi Rural District, Kaghazkonan District, Meyaneh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 68, in 22 families.
# Handball Association of Thailand

The Handball Association of Thailand (Thai: สมาคมกีฬาแฮนด์บอลแห่งประเทศไทย) (HAT) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball in Thailand. HAT is a member of the Asian Handball Federation (AHF) and member of the International Handball Federation (IHF) since 1998.

## National teams

* Thailand men's national handball team
* Thailand men's national junior handball team
* Thailand women's national handball team
* Thailand national beach handball team
* Thailand women's national beach handball team

## Competitions hosted

* 2020 Asian Youth Beach Handball Championship
* 2017 Asian Beach Handball Championship
* 2014 Asian Beach Games
* 2013 Asian Women's Youth Handball Championship
* 2016 Asian Youth Beach Handball Championship
* 2009 Asian Women's Junior Handball Championship
* 2008 Asian Women's Handball Championship
* 2006 Asian Men's Handball Championship
* 2005 Asian Women's Youth Handball Championship
* 2005 Asian Men's Youth Handball Championship
* 2004 Asian Women's Junior Handball Championship
* 2002 Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship
* 1998 Asian Games
# Carey Range

The Carey Range (72°53′S 62°37′W﻿ / ﻿72.883°S 62.617°W﻿ / -72.883; -62.617﻿ (Carey Range)) is a mountain range, about 35 nautical miles (65 km; 40 mi) long and 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) wide with peaks rising to 1,700 metres (5,600 ft), between Mosby Glacier and Fenton Glacier in southeast Palmer Land, Antarctica.

## Location

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
The Carey Range is in south-central Palmer Land. The Wegener Range is to the north and the Dana Mountains to the south. It is bounded by the Fenton Glacier to the northeast and the Mosby Glacier to the southwest. Features include the Sverdrup Nunataks to the north and Mount Adkins in the south. The Journal Peaks are to the west.

## Mapping and name

The Carey Range was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from United States Navy aerial photographs, 1966–69. In association with the names of continental drift scientists grouped in this area, it was named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US.ACAN) after Samuel W. Carey, Australian geologist and Professor of Geology at the University of Tasmania, 1946–1970.

## Features
### Sverdrup Nunataks

72°45′S 63°15′W﻿ / ﻿72.750°S 63.250°W﻿ / -72.750; -63.250. A line of peaks trending WNW-ESE and rising to 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) high in the northwest part of Carey Range, near the edge of the interior plateau in southeast Palmer Land. Mapped by the USGS from aerial photographs taken by the United States Navy, 1966-69. In association with the names of Antarctic oceanographers grouped in this area, named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1977 after Harald U. Sverdrup (1888-1957), Norwegian oceanographer and meteorologist; Director, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1936-48; Director, Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1948-57, and Chairman of the International Committee for the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1949-52.

### Mount Adkins

73°03′S 62°02′W﻿ / ﻿73.050°S 62.033°W﻿ / -73.050; -62.033. Mountain surmounting the north flank of Mosby Glacier just west of the mouth of Fenton Glacier. Mapped by USGS from ground surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1961-67. Named by US-ACAN for Thomas Adkins, cook with the Palmer Station winter party in 1965.

### Journal Peaks

72°41′S 64°55′W﻿ / ﻿72.683°S 64.917°W﻿ / -72.683; -64.917. Two groups of separated peaks and nunataks which trend east–west for about 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi). They rise 17 nautical miles (31 km; 20 mi) southeast of the Seward Mountains in central Palmer Land. Mapped by USGS from United States Navy aerial photography, 1966-69. Named by US-ACAN after the Antarctic Journal of the United States, established 1966, a publication of the Division of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, reporting on the U.S. Antarctic Research Program and related activities.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarabira

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarabira (Latin: Dioecesis Guarabirensis) is a diocese located in the city of Guarabira in the ecclesiastical province of Paraíba in Brazil.

## History

* 11 October 1980: Established as Diocese of Guarabira from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Paraíba

## Leadership

* Bishops of Guarabira (Roman rite), in reverse chronological order
** Bishop Aldemiro Sena dos Santos (4 October 2017 – present)
** Bishop Francisco de Assis Dantas de Lucena (28 May 2008 – 13 July 2016), appointed Bishop of Nazaré, Pernambuco
** Bishop Antônio Muniz Fernandes, O.Carm. (4 February 1998 – 22 November 2006), appointed Archbishop of Maceió, Alagoas
** Bishop Marcelo Pinto Carvalheria (9 November 1981 – 29 November 1995), appointed Archbishop of Paraíba
# Armando Padilla

Armando Padilla (born 27 August 1956) is a Nicaraguan sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics.