OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joseph-Édouard Caron

Joseph-Édouard Caron (10 January 1866 – 16 July 1930) was a Canadian politician.
He was a member of the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, and 17th Legislative Assembly of Quebec representing the ridings of L'Islet and Îles-de-la-Madeleine. From 1909 to 1929, he was the Minister of Agriculture.
# Gwarzo (surname)

Gwarzo is a Nigerian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bello Hayatu Gwarzo (born 1960), Nigerian politician
* Ismaila Gwarzo, Nigerian National Security Advisor
# Bonbon

A bonbon, sometimes bon-bon, is a small chocolate confection. They are sometimes filled with liqueur or other sweet alcoholic ingredients, and sold wrapped in colored foil.

## Ingredients

Through the Western world, bonbons are usually small candies but vary by region in their ingredients, flavours, and shape. In France, bonbons have been made with a fruit centre, and may contain brittle, nougat, dragée, or caramel. Other possible fillings include butterscotch, fondant, fudge, ganache, gianduja, marzipan, praline, and truffle.
According to French law, a bonbon de chocolat must be at least 25% chocolate and can come in several forms:
* a bite-sized chocolate
* an arrangement of different chocolates
* a mixture of chocolate and other edible ingredients
Specifically in the United States, the phrase "Bon Bon" refers to The Hershey Company's trademarked name for a frozen confection made from vanilla ice cream and covered in chocolate.

## Etymology and history

The word "bonbon" arose from the reduplication of the word bon, meaning "good" in the French language. Its use originated in the seventeenth century within the French royal court and spread to other European countries by the eighteenth century. Bonbons began to be served in ornate containers by the middle of the eighteenth century, which would be given as gifts at festivals and on holidays such as New Year's Day.
Johann Strauss II wrote the waltz Wiener Bonbons in 1866. The title page shows the composition's name in the form of twisted bonbon wrappers.
# Taj Mahal Bangladesh

23°44′46″N 90°34′03″E﻿ / ﻿23.74611°N 90.56750°E﻿ / 23.74611; 90.56750
Taj Mahal Bangladesh (Bengali: তাজ মহল বাংলাদেশ) is an architectural imitation of Taj Mahal, a Mughal mausoleum in Agra, India,. The structure was built by Ahsanullah Moni, a Bangladeshi film-maker, as a tourism destination for low-income families from Bangladesh. Construction of the 1.6 hectare complex took five years from 2003 to 2008, and cost about $58 million. It was opened to the public in March, 2009.

## Controversy

The Indian High Commission expressed concern about possible copyright infringement of the original building, despite it being "unlikely to detract from the magnificence of the original".
# 100 (EP)

100 is the first EP of Christian hip hop artist KB, released on March 4, 2014.

## Reception
### Commercial performance

The EP debuted at number 22 on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 14,000 copies.

### Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Jesus Freak Hideout | |
David Jeffries from allmusic gave the EP a 3.5 out of 5 praising the overall album-like quality. Michael Weaver of Jesusfreakhideout gave the EP a 3 out of 5 saying: "While it's great to see KB back in the mix, it's also a bit disappointing to see him not reach his full potential. "100" and "Undefeated" offer some enjoyment, with "Kamikaze" also being a decent track, but the other half of the EP may leave you scratching your head. There are a couple of tracks worth grabbing, but more than anything, this EP has me wondering what KB may have in store for his next full-length record. Hopefully it's more Weight & Glory and less 100 EP".

## Charts

| Chart | Position |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | 22 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Gospel Albums | 1 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Christian Albums | 1 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Independent Albums | 3 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Rap Albums | 4 |
# Izabelin B

Izabelin B is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Izabelin, within Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Peter Noyes

Peter Noyes is an academic who was the Vice-Chancellor of University of Wales, Newport in Newport, South Wales, UK, 2006-2012.
Noyes has a degree in social psychology from Loughborough University and a Ph.D. in educational psychology from the University of London. Noyes joined the University of Wales administrative staff in 1996, after previously working at the Cheltenham & Gloucester College of Higher Education; he was appointed as vice-chancellor in 2006. On 8 May 2012 he issued a statement that he would be stepping down from his post at the end of the academic year for "personal reasons".
# Andrew Bulger

Andrew H. Bulger (1789–1858) was a soldier and colonial administrator, born at St John's in the Crown Colony of Newfoundland.
In 1804 he joined the Royal Newfoundland Fencibles as an ensign, and within two years received his commission as a lieutenant. On the outbreak of the War of 1812, a substantial detachment from the regiment was sent to Upper Canada to serve as marines on armed vessels on the Great Lakes. With this contingent, Bulger saw action at the Battle of Detroit and Battle of Stoney Creek, and on the Saint Lawrence, as well as at the Battle of Crysler's Farm.
Late in 1813, he was appointed adjutant to Lieutenant Colonel Robert McDouall, newly appointed commander of the post at Fort Mackinac. Leading a party of the Royal Newfoundlanders, he was slightly wounded in the Engagement on Lake Huron in which two American gunboats were captured, saving the British post from blockade and starvation.
He was subsequently appointed to command the post at Fort McKay, at Prairie du Chien in Wisconsin. He faced a hard winter, in which he had to contend with lack of supplies, mutinous troops, difficulties with Indian allies and a quarrel with the Indian Department representative, Robert Dickson. He nevertheless remained in charge until news arrived of the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war.
It is notable that Bulger was the only British officer in the course of the 1812-1815 conflict who entered the war as a lieutenant, and retained that rank for the duration. Nearly 70 other officers were promoted over him during that time. At Fort McKay he was given jurisdiction with the local rank of captain, however he never received the full captaincy for which he had been recommended. Although his several post-war applications for a military appointment and remuneration for his services during the war were always fully supported by senior British officers, it was not until 1820 that he finally succeeded in obtaining a compensation of £500 and military allowance equal to the half-pay of a captain.
In 1821, on the recommendation of Gordon Drummond, temporarily Governor General of Canada, Bulger was appointed Secretary for the Red River Settlement in Rupert's Land, taking up the post in 1822. He quickly found the situation there unappealing. He quarrelled with the local representatives of the Hudson's Bay Company, who monopolised the fur trade and supplies in the colony. Eventually his stand was vindicated.
Bulger left the Red River colony in 1823, in poor health. He subsequently served for many years as clerk to the office of Military Secretary in Quebec City and later in Montreal. In 1834 at Quebec City he married Alicia May Lowther, which whom he had eight children. Bulger died at Montreal in 1858 and was buried in the old Anglican cemetery.
# Access to information in Bangladesh

Access to Information (Bengali: এটুআই) of the Prime Minister's Office (now redefined as "Aspire to Innovate" and the program moved under ICT Division) was a programme of the government's Digital transformation which specializes in introducing citizen-centric public service innovation to simplify public service delivery and improve the lives of citizens by increasing transparency, improving governance and reducing the time, difficulty and costs of obtaining government services. Bangladesh has achieved substantial advancements in technology across various sectors including telecommunications, internet connectivity and speed, digitization, and media.

## History

a2i, a multinational transformational catalyst, simplifies public service delivery through digital transformation and innovation. Launched in 2007 with funding from UNDP, the Gates Foundation, USAID, and the Government of Bangladesh, a2i was institutionalized in 2023 as a National Innovation Agency with an international wing to support LDCs in achieving the SDGs.
# Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq

‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Abbās ibn Ṣiddīq al-Ḥanafī al-Makkī (Arabic: عبد الله بن عباس بن صديق الحنفي المكي‎; 1853/1854 – 4 November 1907) was the penultimate Hanafi Mufti of Mecca.
Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Ja'far ibn Abbas ibn Muhammad ibn Siddiq was born in Mecca in 1270 AH (1853/1854). After memorizing the Qur'an he began seeking knowledge. He studied mostly under his father, whose lectures he attended in fiqh, hadith, and tafsir, and from whom he received ijazah. He also learned from Sayyid Ahmad Dahlan and Shaykh Yusuf al-Kharbuti, and he read the musalsal bi'l-awwaliyah from Shaykh Abu al-Khudayr Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Misri. He received permission to teach in the Masjid al-Haram.
In 1311 (1893/1894) or 1312 (1894/1895) he was appointed Mufti of the Hanafis by Sharif Awn ar-Rafiq, on the condition that for assistance he consult with his father Shaykh Abbas and with Shaykh Ahmad Abu al-Khayr Mirdad, who had declined the Sharif's offer to take the post.
In 1907, at the request of Sultan Abd al-Hamid, Sharif Ali sent a delegation of ulema to Yemen, including Abd Allah, Shaykh al-Ulama Muhammad Sa'id Babasil, Shaykh Salih Kamal, and Shaykh Muhammad Khayyat, with the aim of convincing Imam Yahya to end his jihad against the Ottoman state. Shaykh Abd Allah did not return; he died in Sana'a at 2 a.m. on Monday, 27 Ramadan 1325 (4 November 1907) while reciting Qur'an.
He had two sons, Mahdi and Bakr, neither of whom followed him in becoming a student of religion.
# Castilleja cinerea

Castilleja cinerea is a species of Indian paintbrush known by the common name ashgray Indian paintbrush. It is endemic to San Bernardino County, California, where it is known only from the San Bernardino Mountains. There are about 200 occurrences known.

## Description

This is a perennial herb growing up to 15 centimeters tall and covered in a coat of ash-gray woolly hairs. The leaves are linear or narrowly lance-shaped and one or two centimeters long. The inflorescence is made up of fuzzy dull to bright reddish or purplish pink bracts between which emerge smaller yellowish to greenish flowers. The color of the inflorescence is influenced by the environment of the plant; those with more northern exposures tend to have yellowish flowers and those facing south have more reddish flowers.
Like other Castilleja species, this plant parasitizes other species for water and nutrients; C. cinerea is generally found tapping buckwheats (Eriogonum spp.) and sagebrushes (Artemisia spp.).

## Habitat

Castilleja cinerea grows in several habitat types, including dry desert and sagebrush scrub, woodland, and coniferous forest. It is also known from the unique quartzite pebble plain habitat in these mountains, which it shares with other endemics such as Arenaria ursina.

### Threats

The Castilleja cinerea plant is a federally listed threatened species. Threats to its survival include development of its habitat for human use, recreation, off-road vehicles, logging, grazing, mining, and invasive species of plants.
# Charles William Munro

Charles William Munro (March 15, 1864 – January 27, 1919) was a political figure in British Columbia. He represented Westminster-Chilliwhack from 1898 to 1903 and Chilliwhack from 1903 until his defeat in 1909 as a Liberal.
He was born in Dundas County, Canada West, the son of Asael Munro and Charlotte Ann Barclay, and was educated in the schools of that county and at Victoria University in Cobourg. Before entering university, Munro travelled for two years as a Methodist clergyman. In 1888, he came to the Chilliwack Valley of British Columbia. Munro married Sarah Marcellus in 1893. He died in Chilliwack at the age of 54.
# Donald Graham (politician)

Donald Graham (April 23, 1848 – 1944) was a Scottish-born farmer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Yale-East in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1894 to 1898.
He was born in Ardallin, Sutherlandshire, the son of Alexander Graham, and was educated in Tain, Ross-shire. Graham came to Canada in 1865. In 1875, he moved to British Columbia, settling in the Okanagan Valley. For a time, Graham drove a pack-train for a government survey party. In 1885, he married Adelaide Grier. Graham served as a justice of the peace and was reeve of Spallumcheen for three terms. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1898. Graham was one of the promoters of the Okanagan Flour Mills Co. Ltd, a co-operative flour milling company formed in 1895.
# Jayalath Weerakkody

Air Chief Marshal Jayalath Weerakkody, RWP, VSV, USP is a Sri Lanka air officer who served as commander of the Air Force from 1999 to 2002. He served as Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Pakistan.

## Early life and education

Educated at Dharmashoka College, Ambalangoda, where he excelled in sports and swimming.

## SLAF career

Weerakkody joined the Sri Lanka Air Force as an officer cadet in the general duties pilot branch in the officer cadet intake 1 of the Air Force Academy, China Bay on 12 January 1972. Serving as a squadron pilot, he became a qualified flying instructor. He went on to command the No. 4 Squadron SLAF, No. 2 Squadron SLAF and SLAF Colombo. Weerakkody served as the Senior Air Staff Officer, Base Commander SLAF Anuradhapura, Northern Zonal Commander, Director Operations and Chief of Staff. He followed the Junior Commanders Course at the Air Force Administrative College, attended the Air Command and Staff College and the National Defence College, New Delhi. He was appointed commander of the Air Force on 6 March 1998 and was promoted to the rank of Air Marshal. During his tenure, the SLAF acquired MiG-27 ground-attack aircraft and upgraded its fleet of trainers by acquiring Nanchang CJ-6s and K-8 Karakorums. He retired on 15 July 2002 and was appointed Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Pakistan. In 2007 he was promoted to the rank of Air Chief Marshal along with nine other former service chiefs. His awards included thrice being awarded the Rana Wickrama Padakkama for gallantry and the service medals Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya and the Uttama Seva Padakkama.
# Clyde Van Sickle

Clyde Huntus Van Sickle (May 26, 1907 – February 15, 1995) was a guard in the National Football League (NFL). He first played with the Frankford Yellow Jackets during the 1930 NFL season. After a year away from the NFL, he played two seasons with the Green Bay Packers.
# George Archibald McTavish

George Archibald McTavish (December 14, 1856 – after 1893) was an American-born farmer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Victoria in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1882 until his retirement at the 1886 provincial election.
He was born in New York City in 1856, the son of D. A. McTavish, who was manager of the Bank of British North America at New York. McTavish was educated there and came to British Columbia around the age of 16. In 1877, he married Catherine Amelia "Amy", the daughter of Doctor John Sebastian Helmcken and granddaughter of James Douglas. McTavish served as president of the British Columbia Agricultural Association. He was a seed-producer and florist, and also raised livestock. McTavish owned a large farm in North Saanich but moved to Esquimalt after his marriage. He was a founding member of the Victoria Yacht Club.
After serving in the provincial legislature, George was successful in winning an elected position on the city council at Victoria. In spring 1893 he left Victoria for a trip to the British Columbia interior, but was never heard from again. Some historians believe he relocated to French Polynesia, abandoning his family and taking on an assumed name.
# Greek destroyer Pindos

Pindos (Greek: ΒΠ Πίνδος) was a Type III Hunt-class destroyer that was originally built for the British Royal Navy as HMS Bolebroke but never commissioned. Before her completion, she was transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy and commissioned on 27 June 1942 as Pindos in order to relieve heavy losses of ships sustained by the Royal Hellenic Navy during the German invasion of 1941. Pindos served in the Mediterranean Theatre throughout the Second World War. On 22 August 1943, along with HMS Easton, she sank the German U-boat U-458 off Pantelleria. Konstantinos Engolfopoulos served as executive officer during this period.
The crew of the Pindos were involved in the 1944 Greek naval mutiny. They elected a Revolutionary Commission and circulated a petition demanding that the Greek government-in-exile be expanded to include members of the Revolutionary committee of the National Liberation Front (EAM).
Pindos served during the Greek Civil War, was returned to the Royal Navy in 1959 and broken up for scrap in Greece in 1960.
# Congressional Caucus on Sri Lanka and Sri Lankan Americans

The Congressional Caucus on Sri Lanka and Sri Lankan Americans is an informal legislative group that specializes on policy related to Sri Lanka and Sri Lankan Americans.

## Background

The caucus, established in 1998, is an informal body that includes members of the United States House of Representatives from both main political parties. It represents Sri Lanka-related concerns in Congress and seeks to promote diplomatic and economic links and contact between people in the two countries.
The caucus adopted a position of opposition to what it viewed as violent tactics of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam before and during the Sri Lankan Civil War. In February 2006 the Caucus introduced a resolution in the House of Representatives urging productive negotiations between the Government of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers.
The Caucus renewed its registration in July 2017. Its co-chairs at that time were Representatives Robert Aderholt (R-AL) and Dina Titus (D-NV).

## Membership

The membership of the Congressional Caucus on Sri Lanka and Sri Lankan Americans in 2008 was as follows.
# Robert McLeese

Robert McLeese (June 28, 1828 – March 27, 1898) was an Irish-born hotel keeper, store owner, owner of a sternwheel river boat and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cariboo in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1882 to 1888.
He was born near Coleraine in 1828, the son of John McLeese and Jennie McArthur, both of Scottish descent, and was educated in Dublin. McLeese moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where some of his relative had already settled. After seven years there, he went to California via Panama. In 1858, McLeese came to British Columbia, settling at New Westminster. Five years later, he moved to the Cariboo District, settling at Soda Creek. McLeese married Mary McLaren in 1873. He served as postmaster for Soda Creek, the post office being located in his hotel. McLeese ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the assembly in an 1879 by-election held following the death of John Evans. He resigned his seat in the assembly in 1888 to run unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons of Canada. McLeese died in Soda Creek in 1898; his death record states his age as 69.
McLeese Lake, originally named Mud Lake, was renamed in his honour; the community of the same name was named because of the lake.
# Revolutionary Left Wing

The Revolutionary Left Wing (Nepali: रिवोल्यूशनरी लेफ्ट विंग) was a communist political organisation in Nepal. The Revolutionary Left Wing was a splinter group of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). At the time of its founding on September 9, 2008, the organization issued a list of eleven key political demands. The group considered that the Maoist party had deviated from communist ideology and the struggle for a People's Republic. A 15-member executive committee of the organization was formed. Krishna Adhikari, who had left the Maoist party after the signing of the November 2005 twelve-point agreement, was the coordinator of the organization.
In December 2008 the organization announced the formation of a 'Red Force', to combat what it called the 'white terror' of the Youth Force (of CPN(UML)) and the Maoist Young Communist League, Nepal.
# Purna Bhumi Padakkama

The Purna Bhumi Padakkama (Sinhala: පූර්ණ භූමි පදක්කම pūrna bhūmi padakkama) was a service medal awarded by the Military of Sri Lanka (regular and volunteer) and Sri Lanka Police to all ranks of its forces in recognition of service in various districts that were regarded as theaters of the Sri Lankan Civil War between 22 July 1977 to 1 January 2010.

## Eligibility

All ranks of the Army, Navy, Air Force and Police who had served at least 180 days in the following districts were eligible for the award.
* Jaffna District (since 22 July 1977), or
* Vavuniya District, Kilinochchi District, Mullaitivu District, Mannar District, Batticaloa District, Trincomalee District or Ampara District (since 16 September 1983).
Longer duration of service in operational areas were recognized by the North and East Operations Medal.
# Thomas Edwin Kitchen

Thomas Edwin Kitchen (December 18, 1852 – April 5, 1897) was an English-born farmer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Westminster from 1890 to 1894 and Westminster-Chilliwhack from 1894 to 1897 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.
He was born near Lakeside, Lancashire, the son of Thomas Kitchen, and was educated at Wimbledon, Surrey. He came to the Fraser Valley during the 1880s. In 1882, Kitchen married Margaret C. Skovgaard. He served as reeve of Chilliwack. Kitchen died in office in Chilliwack at the age of 44 after an extended illness.
# William Adams (British Columbia politician)

William Adams (March 12, 1851 – July 1, 1936) was a farmer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cariboo in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1893 to 1898. He retired and did not seek a third term in the Legislature in the 1898 provincial election. He was unsuccessful when he tried to return to the Legislature in the 1903 provincial election, running in the Cariboo riding as a Conservative.
He was born in Dumfries Township, Canada West, the son of Scottish immigrants, and was educated there. In 1883, Adams married Charlotte McDonald. Adams was first elected to the assembly in an 1893 by-election held following the death of Ithiel Nason. He lived at Lightning Creek. Adams raised livestock. He owned Springfield Ranch, later selling it to his daughter and son-in-law. He died in Chilliwack in 1936.
# Pagal (poem)

Pagal (Nepali: पागल, lit. 'The Lunatic') is a 1953 poem by Nepalese writer Laxmi Prasad Devkota.
In 1939, Devkota's brothers admitted him to a mental hospital in Ranchi, British India where he stayed at the hospital for five months.
Pagal was published in 1953 and it was translated to English as The Lunatic by Laxmi Prasad Devkota in 1956.
Pagal is one of the popular poems in Nepal and it is sometimes regarded as a classic poem of Nepali literature.
# Kućani

Kućani (Serbian: Кућани) is a village in the municipality of Nova Varoš, western Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 256 people.
# Nuclei Armati Proletari

The Armed Proletarian Cells (Italian: Nuclei Armati Proletari, abbreviated NAP) was far-left terrorist group active in Southern Italy, from 1974 to 1977, during the so-called "Years of Lead". NAP was responsible for numerous terrorist acts.

## Organization

In contrary to the Red Brigades, NAP was structured "horizontally", with independently constituted cells.
Incarcerated members of NAP were looking for new members and supporters among criminal prisoners, defining them as "sub-proletarian class".