OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Smellie

Robert Gordon "Bob" Smellie (August 23, 1923 – September 29, 2005) was a Canadian politician in Manitoba, Canada. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1959 to 1966, and served as a cabinet minister in the government of Dufferin Roblin.
The son of Albert George Smellie and Jessie May Cummings, Smellie was born in Russell, was educated at Brandon College and the Manitoba Law School, and worked as a barrister at law before entering politics. He served in the Canadian Army with the Royal Winnipeg Rifles during World War II and was a member of the Canadian Legion and of the Manitoba Travel and Convention Association. In 1946, Smellie married Lois Evelyn Cochrane. He was originally a supporter of the Liberal-Progressives, but was drafted by Dufferin Roblin to join the Progressive Conservatives in the mid-1950s.
He first ran for the Manitoba legislature in the 1958 provincial election, but lost to Liberal-Progressive incumbent Rodney Clement by 130 votes in the constituency of Birtle-Russell. He ran again in the 1959 election, and defeated Clement by 224 votes as the Progressive Conservatives won their first majority government in forty-five years.
Smellie was re-elected by a greater margin in the 1962 election, and was named Minister of Municipal Affairs on February 27, 1963. He remained in this position until July 22, 1966, when he was demoted to minister without portfolio. He lost to Rod Clement by 145 votes in the 1966 provincial election.
After his defeat, Smellie served chair of the Manitoba Local Boundaries Commission. This group produced a report on Winnipeg's internal boundaries in 1970, but its findings were superseded by the creation of a unicity the following year. After he retired from the practice of law, he served as chairman of the Municipal Board of Manitoba. Smellie died in 2005.
# Namaste Tower

Namaste Tower is a 310 m (1,017 ft) tall skyscraper mega project in Mumbai, India. It would have been a mixed-use skyscraper with 63 floors that will house a 380-room W Hotel, office and retail space. It was designed by Atkins, Dubai. The design resembles the Namaste gesture: two wings of the hotel are clasped together like hands greeting.
It would have been built in Lower Parel, Mumbai, on land previously owned by Ambika Mills. The land was acquired by the builders using redevelopment models.
# Bishop's House, Nykøbing Falster

The Bishop's House (Danish: Bispegården) in Nykøbing Falster is the official residence of the bishop of Lolland-Falster. The main building was constructed in 1850 to designs by Gottlieb Bindesbøll. Its nine central bays were heightened in 1895. Bindesbøll's building is now flanked by two secondary wings, an outbuilding from 1785 and an office building from 1995. Bindesbøll's building from 1750 and the outbuilding from 1895 were both listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1977. It is located in a large garden at the corner of Østre Allé and Østerbrogade, close to Nykøbing Falster Sugar Factory.

## History

The Bishop's House in Nyjøbing was constructed by Gottlieb Bindesbøll in 1850 at the initiative of Ditlev Gothard Monrad. It was a 15-bays single-storey building with crow-stepped gables. The central bay of the facade that faced the garden was also tipped by a crow-stepped gable. The western end of the building contained his office and other representative functions.
The building was expanded by H.C. Glahn in 1895. He heightened the nine-bay central part of the building with one storey. He also added a new east wing, which was connected to the main wing by an arcade.
In 1993, Karsten Rønnow was charged with expanding the complex with a new office building. It was constructed as a new west wing, complementing Glahn's east wing from 1895. In 2010, it was extended with a modern building.

## Architecture

The roof was clad in red tile. The eastern end of the building contained the bishop's private residence. The nine central bays are now topped by a hip roof.
Some of the rooms have frescos created by Georg Hilker and Constantin Hansen.

## Garden

The 10,000-square-metre garden is partly surrounded by a yellow-washed wall. One of the largest trees in the garden is a Platanus tree plated by Monrad. The garden contains memorial stones for all the bishops who have resided in the building. Another feature is a mound with a central chamber surrounded by boulders. It was created for Monrad's children from the soil that was removed when the house was constructed. It contains a fireplace. The building was used for hiding weapons and Jewish refugees during World War II.
# Chernyshkovsky District

Chernyshkovsky District (Russian: Черны́шковский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Chernyshkovsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,079.96 square kilometers (1,189.18 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Chernyshkovsky. Population: 16,873 (2010 Census); 18,326 (2002 Census); 19,317 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 32.0% of the district's total population.
# Damodar Bastakoti

Damodar Bastakoti (Nepali: दामोदर बस्ताकोटी) is a Nepalese politician. He was elected to the Pratinidhi Sabha in the 1999 election on behalf of the Nepali Congress.
# Willy Brüderlin

Wilhelm Brüderlin (born 20 October 1894, date of death unknown) was a Swiss rower who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.
In 1920 he was part of the Swiss boat, which won the gold medal in the coxed four event. He was also a member of the Swiss eights which was eliminated in the first round of the eight competition.
# Camp crown

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In Ancient Rome, a camp crown (Latin: corona castrensis, "crown of the castrum"), also known as a vallary crown, was a military award given to the first man who penetrated into an enemy camp or field during combat. It took the form of a gold crown surmounted with replicas of the stakes of a palisade (a high fence consisting of pointed stakes).
In the heraldry of a few units in modern armies, a camp crown is mounted as a crest on top of the shield of the coat of arms or emblem.
The Palisado crown, a variant used in English heraldry, is defined by palisades affixed to the outside of the rim.

## Gallery

* Example of a Camp crown
* Example of Palisado crowns (English Heraldry)
* Emblem of the Course in the History and Aesthetics of Military Music of the Spanish Army
# Jan Grudziński

Jan Grudziński (3 December 1907– May/June 1940) was a submarine commander of the Polish Navy during World War II.

## Biography

Jan Grudziński was born in Kiev son of Stanisław and Regina Radecka. After Poland regained independence, in late 1918 he settled with his parents in Lwów where in 1921 he entered the First Cadet Corps. After his graduating he entered the Polish Naval Academy and became ensign (podporucznik) in 1928. In 1932 he served as executive officer on the torpedo boat ORP Kujawiak. He completed the underwater weapons training (1933–1934) then in 1937, the submarine navigation course. In 1938 he was executive officer on the submarine ORP Sęp. Shortly before the start of World War II, he was transferred to the submarine ORP Orzeł.
During the Invasion of Poland, when ORP Orzeł was patrolling the Baltic Sea, Grudziński took command of the ship due to illness of the commanding officer Henryk Kłoczkowski. On 14 September 1939 Orzeł arrived to Tallinn where Kłoczkowski was taken to hospital. The next day, at the insistence of the Germans, Estonian military authorities boarded the ship, interned the crew, confiscated all the navigation aids and maps, and commenced dismantling all the armaments. On 17 September Orzeł escaped and Grudziński decided to continue to patrol the Baltic Sea. After exhausting the possibilities of combat, Grudziński took the decision to join United Kingdom where he arrived on 14 October.
On 21 October Grudziński was officially named commander of ORP Orzeł. After the necessary repairs in late 1939, the submarine undertook cruises in the North Sea. During these patrols, she succeeded in sinking the German troopship Rio de Janeiro and probably a patrol boat.
Orzeł departed on her seventh patrol on 23 May, to the central North Sea. No radio signals were received from her after departure. Orzeł disappeared without a trace. It is likely that she hit a mine. 8 June 1940 was officially accepted as the day of her loss. Jan Grudziński perished with his crew.

## Awards and decorations

Virtuti Militari, Silver Cross Virtuti Militari, Golden Cross Cross of Valour Navy Medal (Medal Morski) Distinguished Service Order

## Military promotions

| ensign (podporucznik) | 1928 |
| lieutenant junior grade (porucznik) | 1932 |
| lieutenant (kapitan marynarki) | 1936 |
| lieutenant commander (komandor podporucznik) | 1940 (posthumously) |
# Gowhar Chaqa

Gowhar Chaqa (Persian: گوهرچقا, also Romanized as Gowhar Chaqā, Gowhar Cheqā, and Gowhar Choqā; also known as Gawān Chia, Gowhad Cheqā, Gowhar Cheghā, and Gūn Chīā) is a village in Miyan Darband Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 270, in 61 families.
# Ethnographic village

An ethnographic village is a real or artificial settlement which portrays historical and ethnographic characteristics of life of a certain ethnic group. The concept is close to that of an open-air museum or "living museum."

## Ethnographic village exhibitions

As early as in 1550 a mock Brazilian village was built by Rouen, France, on an occasion of the entry of king Henry II of France. For this purpose, Brazilian flora and fauna were imported, and typical Amerindian dwellings were built. The village was populated by 50 original Tabajara and Tupinambá people as well as about 250 French dressed as "natives".
Similar "Negro villages" has become increasingly common in various places, becoming a staple feature of international exhibitions of late 19th-early 20th centuries, such as the 1889 Paris Exposition.
Since these villages commonly emphasized the backwards, "savage" ways of life as compared to European civilization, the concept was criticized as a manifestation of racism.

## Real settlements
### Lithuania

In modern Lithuania, an ethnographic village (Lithuanian: etnografinis kaimas) is defined as a rural settlement which maintains traditional, historical, ethnic cultural characteristics specific to the particular region. These characteristic include traditional architecture, farmstead planning, relation to the natural landscape, as well as traditional life, including farming traditions, arts and crafts.
# Vital Mallette

Joseph-Léon-Vital Mallette (16 September 1888 – 17 April 1939) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Pointe-Claire, Quebec and became a miller and secretary-treasurer.
Mallette was mayor of Pointe-Claire, Quebec from 1923 to 1927, after terms as a community alderman from 1915 to 1917 and from 1922 to 1923.
He was elected to Parliament at the Jacques Cartier riding in the 1935 general election. In 1937, Mallette spoke in the House of Commons of the representative politics that followed the Lower Canada Rebellion a century earlier, in which his grandfather was a Patriote. His speech carried an implied charge that Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King had ignored the centennial of the rebellion.
Before he was able to complete his first term, the 18th Canadian Parliament, Mallette died on 17 April 1939 after he collapsed while crossing a Montreal street.
# Communist Party of Nepal (Unified)

Communist Party of Nepal (Unified) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकिकृत)) was a communist party in Nepal. The party was formed in 2007 through the merger of three groups:
* A breakaway group of the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) led by Rishi Kattel.
* A breakaway group of Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal), whose Janamorcha Nepal faction was led by Chitra Bahadur Ale
* A breakaway group of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre) led by Sitaram Tamang
The General Secretary of the party is Ram Singh Shris (Rajbir). The party had two members in the interim legislature of Nepal, Pari Thapa and Navraj Subedi.
In April 2013 the party merged into the Communist Party of Nepal.

## CA polls

The party presented its manifesto for the Constituent Assembly polls on March 10, 2008. The party proposes making Nepal into a federal republic with 11 states and 2 sub-states, based on ethnicity, language and geography. It proposes having a ceremonial president, and resting executive powers in the office of the Prime Minister. According to its manifesto, there would be a limit of two mandate periods for the Prime Ministership. Both Prime Minister and president would be elected by the parliament.
The party won two seats through the Proportional Representation vote, but no seat in the First Past the Post system.

### Split

A faction of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified) led by Nabaraj Subedi merged with the Unified CPN (Maoist) in April 2010.
Maoist chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal and CPN (Unified) leader Nabaraj Subedi signed a memo on the unification between the two parties at a programme in the capital Katmandhu on April 3, 2010.
According to leaders, they have agreed to settle ideological issues at the upcoming general convention of the Maoist party.
They said local level organizational matters would be settled by forming a taskforce.

## Electoral performance

| Election | Votes | Votes | Seats | Position | Resulting government |
| Election | # | % | # | Position | Resulting government |
| 2008 | 48,600 | 0.45 | 2 / 575 | 19th | CPN (Maoist)–CPN (UML)–MJFN |
# Pranaam Walekum

Pranam Walekum is an unreleased Hindi-language film which is the maiden directorial venture of the award-winning actor Sanjay Mishra with Giselli Monteiro, Shilpa Shukla, Vindu Dara Singh, Tia Singh on the leads along with Irrfan Khan in a cameo. It is produced under Khushi Motion Pictures and expected to be released by the end of 2015. According to Sanjai Mishra, the film is about a society which is losing innocence and simplicity.

## Synopsis

Set in a remote society, the movie is all about the chaos and confusion as a result of a group of people's increased interest in subjects that don't belong to them. The movie focus on a society which lacks innocence and simplicity.

## Cast

* Irrfan Khan in a cameo
* Giselli Monteiro
* Shilpa Shukla
* Vijay Raaz
* Tia Singh as a mentally challenged girl
* Manu Rishi
* Sanjay Mishra
* Manoj Pahwa
* Vindu Dara Singh

## Production

Pranam Walekum is produced by Bhushan Sharma and Sandiip Kapur. Hitting the floors in the early 2011, the movie is delayed due to many reasons. According to the crew, the movie can be placed in the off beat genre & intellectual cinema. Director stated that the movie is similar to the art film movement of 1970's but a different and refreshing take. The movie also marks the debut of the popular Delhi based model Tia Singh who is going to play a mentally challenged girl. The shooting happened mostly at Maharashtra, Delhi and Gurgaon. Irrfan Khan was roped into the film for doing a cameo. The movie also had to face objections from the Delhi Development Authority because of lacking proper permission for shooting.
# Zoheyri-ye Sofla

Zoheyri-ye Sofla (Persian: ظهيري سفلي, also Romanized as Z̧oheyrī-ye Soflá; also known as Z̧oheyrī) is a village in Rudbar Rural District, Central District, Sirvan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 211, in 50 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Kozhanka, Kyiv Oblast

Kozhanka (Ukrainian: Кожанка) is a rural settlement in Fastiv Raion (district) of Kyiv Oblast (province) in northern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kozhanka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Kozhanka's population was 2,697 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Current population: 1,907 (2022 estimate).
Until 26 January 2024, Kozhanka was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Kozhanka became a rural settlement.
# Qeshlaq-e Ayaq Ayiri Hajj Mohammad Ali

Qeshlaq-e Ayaq Ayiri Hajj Mohammad Ali (Persian: قشلاق اياق ايري حاج محمدعلي, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Āyāq Āyīrī Ḩājj Moḩammad ʿAlī) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Gharbi Rural District, Aslan Duz District, Parsabad County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 55, in 9 families.
# Kuchameshk

Kuchameshk (Persian: كوچمشك, also Romanized as Kūchameshk; also known as Kūchashmak; in Armenian: Քոչամիշ) is a village in Zulachay Rural District, in the Central District of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 576, in 140 families.
# Lalu Bazar, Chabahar

Lalu Bazar (Persian: للو بازار, also Romanized as Lālū Bāzār and Lālū-ye Bāzār; also known as Lāleh Bāzār) is a village in Polan Rural District, Polan District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,070, in 183 families.
# 1973 in Denmark

Events from the year 1973 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Margrethe II
* Prime minister – Anker Jørgensen (until 19 December), Poul Hartling

## Events

* 1 January – Denmark joined the European Economic Community (EEC) along with Ireland and the United Kingdom.
* 4 December – 1973 Danish parliamentary election is held, it is later to become known as the Landslide Election (Danish: Jordskredsvalget), because 5 new parties got elected, and more than half the members of the parliament were replaced.

## Sports
### Badminton

* 12–17 March – 1973 Denmark Open
** Elo Hansen and Ulla Strand win gold in mixed doubles

### Handball

* 1 May – GOG Håndbold is founded

## Births
### January–March

* 4 January – Frank Høj, cyclist
* 10 January – Jakob Cedergren, actor
* 11 March – Bjarne Corydon, politician, editor-in-chief
* 24 March – Mette Jacobsen, freestyle and butterfly swimmer
* 29 March – Kasper Holten, stage director

### April–September

* 29 April – Yildiz Akdogan, politician
* 5 July – Camilla Andersen, handball player
* 24 September – Barbara Bertelsen, civil servant
* 25 September – Jakob Ellemann-Jensen, politician

### October–December

* 9 October – Thomas Frank

## Deaths

* 16 March – Inger Støjberg, politician
* 9 April – Sigurd Swane, painter (born 1879)
* 1 May – Asger Jorn, painter (born 1914)
* 9 August – Christian Arhoff, actor (born 1893)
* 23 November – Helga Foght, textile artist (born 1902)
# Hongpa-dong

Hongpa-dong is a dong (neighborhood) of Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It is a legal dong (법정동 法定洞) administered under its administrative dong (행정동 行政洞), Gyonam-dong.
# Salvatore Sciascia

Salvatore Sciascia (Italian pronunciation:; 11 May 1919 in Sommatino – 19 April 1986 in Bari) was an Italian publisher. He founded a publishing house in 1946 in Caltanissetta.
He found several literary talents early in their careers, including: Leonardo Sciascia, Vicente Aleixandre (Nobel prize in 1997), Pier Paolo Pasolini, Alberto Bevilacqua, Achille Campanile. He published a portrait of John F. Kennedy before his election as President of the United States, in the series Profiles.
# Operation Araña

Operation Araña (Spanish: Operación Araña) is the codename given to the 2014–17 Civil Guard operation in Spain against the defense of terrorism on social media, mainly on Facebook and Twitter. The name Araña means Spider. Until now, it has consisted on four phases:
* Operation Araña I (April 2014), before the 2014 European Parliamentary Election.
* Operation Araña II (November 2014).
* Operation Araña III (May 2015), concurrent with the 2015 Spanish regional elections. Alfredo Remírez, a Twitter user arrested during this phase, was sentenced to prison for reiteration of defense of terrorism on social media on 1 November 2017. He was imprisoned on 4 November, three days later.
* Operation Araña IV (April 2016), before the 2016 Spanish general election.

## Criticism

Since its start, the operation has been heavily criticised. Amnesty International, on their 2016–2017 report, mentioned the operation among the cases of unjustified restrictions of freedom of information, speech and assembly in relation with the recent reform of the Spanish Criminal Code and the 2015 passing of the Organic Law on the Protection of Citizen Security (Spanish: Ley Orgánica de protección de la seguridad ciudadana).
In January 2017, Def Con Dos rap rock band member and spokesperson César Strawberry was sentenced to one year on prison because of a series of tweets related to ETA and GRAPO. In March 2017, a 21-year-old student was sentenced to one year of prison, due to a series of jokes about the assassination of francoist Prime minister Carrero Blanco. Both sentences generated criticism and raised a debate about freedom of speech and social media.