OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John's equation

John's equation is an ultrahyperbolic partial differential equation satisfied by the X-ray transform of a function. It is named after German-American mathematician Fritz John.
Given a function $f\colon \mathbb {R} ^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$ with compact support the X-ray transform is the integral over all lines in $\mathbb {R} ^{n}.$ We will parameterise the lines by pairs of points $x,y\in \mathbb {R} ^{n},$ $x\neq y$ on each line and define $u$ as the ray transform where
    $u(x,y)=\int \limits _{-\infty }^{\infty }f(x+t(y-x))dt.$
Such functions $u$ are characterized by John's equations
    ${\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x_{i}\partial y_{j}}}-{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial y_{i}\partial x_{j}}}=0$
which is proved by Fritz John for dimension three and by Kurusa for higher dimensions.
In three-dimensional x-ray computerized tomography John's equation can be solved to fill in missing data, for example where the data is obtained from a point source traversing a curve, typically a helix.
More generally an ultrahyperbolic partial differential equation (a term coined by Richard Courant) is a second order partial differential equation of the form
    $\sum \limits _{i,j=1}^{2n}a_{ij}{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x_{i}\partial x_{j}}}+\sum \limits _{i=1}^{2n}b_{i}{\frac {\partial u}{\partial x_{i}}}+cu=0$
where $n\geq 2$, such that the quadratic form
    $\sum \limits _{i,j=1}^{2n}a_{ij}\xi _{i}\xi _{j}$
can be reduced by a linear change of variables to the form
    $\sum \limits _{i=1}^{n}\xi _{i}^{2}-\sum \limits _{i=n+1}^{2n}\xi _{i}^{2}.$
It is not possible to arbitrarily specify the value of the solution on a non-characteristic hypersurface. John's paper however does give examples of manifolds on which an arbitrary specification of u can be extended to a solution.
# Allmannsweiler

Allmannsweiler (German pronunciation:) is a municipality in the district of Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## History

In 1803, Schussenried Abbey was secularized and its holdings mediatized to the County of Sternberg-Manderscheid. It was re-mediatized in 1806 to the Kingdom of Württemberg. As one of Schussenried Abbey's possessions, Allmannsweiler thus came under the sovereignty of Württemberg and was assigned to Oberamt Saulgau [de]. In 1938, the Oberamt was reorganized into Landkreis Saulgau [de], which was dissolved by the 1973 Baden-Württemberg district reform [de]. Allmannsweiler was subsequently assigned to a new district, that of Biberach an der Riss.

## Geography

The municipality (Gemeinde) of Allmannsweiler covers 410 hectares (1,000 acres) of the district of Biberach an der Riss, making it the second smallest municipality in that district. It is located at the southern edge of the district's area, along the border with the district of Sigmaringen. Allmannsweiler is physically located in the basin of the Federsee. Elevation above sea level in the municipal area ranges from a high of 646 meters (2,119 ft) Normalnull (NN) to a low of 589 meters (1,932 ft) NN.

## Culture

The architecture of Allmannsweiler is primarily made up of Baroque farmhouses and half-timber buildings. A notable edifice is the Gothic, 14th century Church of the Holy Cross, the local Roman Catholic parish church.

## Politics

Allmannsweiler has one borough (Orsteil): Allmannsweiler.

### Coat of arms

Allmannsweiler's coat of arms depicts a raised, golden cross upon a field of green. The cross is an image of the crucifix in the Church of the Holy Cross, and the green field references the agricultural character of the municipality's economy. This coat of arms was awarded along with a municipal flag by the Biberach district office on 23 March 1982.

## Transportation

Allmannsweiler is only connected to Germany's network of roadways by its local Kreisstraßen. Local bus lines provide for public transportation.
# Francis Clemow

Francis Clemow (May 4, 1821 – May 28, 1902) was a merchant and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He sat for Rideau division in the Senate of Canada from 1885 to 1902.
He was born in Trois-Rivières, Lower Canada, the son of John Clemow, and was educated at Upper Canada College in Toronto. In 1841, Clemow came to Ottawa. He was involved for a time in the forwarding business and later operated as an assignee under the Insolvency Act. He married Margaret Powell in 1847. Clemow was a director of the Ottawa Electric Company and manager of the Ottawa Gas Works. He served two years on Ottawa City council and was chairman of the Board of Water Commissioners. He was grand master for the Orange Lodge of Carleton County. Clemow died in office at the age of 81.
Clemow Avenue in The Glebe neighbourhood of Ottawa was named in his honour.
# Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam

Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam (Arabic: فهد محمد علي مسالم, also known as Usama al-Kini) (February 19, 1976 – January 1, 2009) was a Kenyan terrorist conspirator, wanted in the United States for his part in the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. He was born in Mombasa.
According to the indictment, Msalam
* with Khalfan Khamis Mohamed, purchased the SUV used by the Tanzania cell
* with Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan, purchased the Kenya bomb truck
* helped to load the Tanzania bomb truck
* fled Kenya to Karachi on the same airliner as Mohamed Odeh, on or about the day before the bombings.
Msalam was charged with 213 counts of murder, other counts which apply specifically to attacks against American federal personnel and facilities, counts of using weapons of mass destruction, and various conspiracy counts.
Msalam once worked as a clothing vendor. He also played midfield for a soccer team called the Black Panthers.
Msalam was on the FBI's list of Most Wanted Terrorists since its inception on October 10, 2001. The United States Department of State, through the Rewards for Justice Program, offered up to US$5,000,000 for information on the location of Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam. He served as al-Qaeda's chief of operations for Pakistan.
On January 1, 2009, Msalam was killed in Pakistan in an American unmanned drone attack along with his lieutenant, Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan.
# Changai

Changai (Persian: چنگايي, also Romanized as Changā’ī; also known as Changā’ī-ye Aşgharābād, Changā’ī-ye Vasaţ, and Changūi Wast) is a village in Koregah-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,207, in 229 families.
# Aguner Poroshmoni

Aguner Poroshmoni (Bengali: আগুনের পরশমণির) is a 1994 film based on the novel of the same name by Humayun Ahmed, who also directed the film. The film won National Film Award in eight categories including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Plot. It was the first movie directed by Humayun Ahmed.

## About

Humayun Ahmed made his debut as a filmmaker by releasing this film. It was released at a time when the middle-class people of the country had long turned their backs on Bangla films. Unconventional plot, humorous dialogues, lively characters and unique style of story line were the landmarks of the film. This is regarded as one of the finest movies in Bangladeshi cinema history on the 1971 liberation war.

## Cast

* Asaduzzaman Noor as Bodi
* Bipasha Hayat as Ratri
* Abul Hayat as Motin
* Dolly Johur as Surma
* Dilara Zaman
* Shila Ahmed as Opala
* Hosne Ara Putul as Binti, the housemaid
* Mozammel Hossain
* Salehuddin Ahmed as tea stall owner
* Tithi Haque
* Borna Priyadarshini
* Lutfur Rahman George

## Music

The music of the film is scored by Satya Saha. Songs of Rabindranath Tagore and Hason Raja are used in the film.

## Awards

This film won Bangladesh National Film Award in 8 categories including Best Film, Best Screenplay, Best Actress.
# Geographical Society Island

Geographical Society Island (Danish: Geografisk Samfund Ø) is an island off Foster Bay in northeastern Greenland.

## Geography

The island has an area of 1,717 km$^2$. It is mountainous with Svedenborg Fjeld as the highest point at 1,730 m. To the north lies the mouth of the Kaiser Franz Joseph Fjord with Ymer Island to the NW and smaller Bantekoe Island to the NE in Foster Bay. To the south lies Traill Island, separated by a narrow sound, the Vega Sound. In the west, over King Oscar Fjord lies Ella Island.

## Geology

From west to east, the rocks constituting the island are sandstone of roughly Devonian, Carboniferous and Cretaceous age, and some smaller areas with Triassic and Jurassic sandstone.
# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florencia

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florencia (Latin: Florentiae) is an archdiocese located in the city of Florencia, Caquetá in Colombia.
On Saturday, April 27, 2013, Pope Francis appointed Omar de Jesús Mejía Giraldo, a priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sonsón - Rionegro, Colombia, who up until then had been serving as rector of the national major seminary "Christ the Priest" in La Ceja, Colombia, as the sixth ordinary and fourth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Florencia.
He succeeded Bishop Jorge Alberto Ossa Soto, who had served from 2003 until his July 2011 appointment by Pope Benedict XVI as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Rosa de Osos in Santa Rosa de Osos, Colombia.
On July 13, 2019, Florencia was raised to a metropolitan archdiocese, so Giraldo became an archbishop then.

## History

* 8 February 1951: Established as Apostolic Vicariate of Florencia from the Apostolic Vicariate of Caquetá
* 9 December 1985: Promoted as Diocese of Florencia
* 13 July 2019: Elevated as Archdiocese of Florencia

## Ordinaries

* Vicars Apostolic of Florencia
** Antonio Torasso (10 January 1952 – 22 October 1960)
** Angelo Cuniberti (18 April 1961 – 15 November 1978)
** José Luis Serna Alzate (15 November 1978 – 9 December 1985)
* Bishops of Florencia
** José Luis Serna Alzate (9 December 1985 – 8 July 1989), appointed Bishop of Líbano-Honda
** Fabián Marulanda López (22 December 1989 – 19 July 2002)
** Jorge Alberto Ossa Soto (21 January 2003 – 15 July 2011), appointed bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Rosa de Osos by Pope Benedict XVI
** Omar de Jesús Mejía Giraldo (27 April 2013 – 13 July 2019); elevated to metropolitan archbishop
* Archbishops of Florencia
** Omar de Jesús Mejía Giraldo (since 13 July 2019)

## Suffragan dioceses

* Diocese of Mocoa–Sibundoy
* Diocese of San Vicente del Caguán
# Leidy Glacier

Leidy Glacier (Danish: Leidy Gletscher), is a glacier in northwestern Greenland. Administratively it belongs to the Avannaata municipality.
This glacier was named by Robert Peary after paleontologist, parasitologist, and anatomist Joseph Leidy (1823 – 1891), member of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.

## Geography

The Leidy Glacier discharges from the Greenland Ice Sheet through the Academy Glacier.
The glacier flows roughly from SE to NW and, after forming an unusual cross pattern, it has its terminus at the head of the Academy Fjord to the northwest and, as the Marie Glacier, at the head of the Olrik Fjord to the southwest.
* 19th century map of the Inglefield Gulf.
# Leptostales oblinataria

Leptostales oblinataria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Florida, Puerto Rico, Jamaica and Guyana.
The wingspan is about 18 mm. Subspecies scintillans is more brownish-tinged than the nominate subspecies.

## Subspecies

* Leptostales oblinataria oblinataria
* Leptostales oblinataria scintillans Warren, 1904
# Corinna Tsopei

Kyriaki "Corinna" Tsopei (Greek: Κυριακή (Κορίννα) Τσοπέη; born 21 June 1944) is a Greek actress, model and beauty queen who won Miss Universe 1964.

## Career

On 20 June 1964, Tsopei was crowned Miss Star Hellas by Miss Star Hellas 1963, Despina Orgeta. She moved on to represent Greece at the Miss Universe 1964 pageant in Miami, Florida, where she beat out Miss England, Miss Israel, Miss Sweden, and Miss Republic of China to be crowned Miss Universe, bringing the title to Greece for the first time. She has since returned several times to judge the pageant.
After completing her reign as Miss Universe, she went on to pursue a brief movie career, making five uncredited or minor appearances (including "Girl in Cage" in Caprice, "Telethon telephone operator" in Valley of the Dolls, and "Tennis Girl" in The Sweet Ride) in 1967 and 1968, before appearing in her only prominent role as the love interest of the lead character in A Man Called Horse (1970). Tsopei also guest-starred in a 1967 episode of the television series Lost in Space ("Castles in Space") and a 1968 episode of Daniel Boone.
Apart from her beauty pageant work and acting career, Tsopei also is a chair of an organisation for children with leukemia.

## Family

Tsopei was born on June 21, 1944, to George and Maria Tsopei. Her father, George (1914–1997), was a Greek Army major, originally from Mani in the Peloponnese. She has one brother, Basil, and one sister, Despina.
Tsopei was married twice. Her first marriage was to Beverly Hills plastic surgeon, Dr. Steven Zax, from 1968 to 1978. Tsopei's three sons were born to the couple during this marriage: Andrew, Steven, and Paris Zax.
Tsopei's second marriage was to Hollywood theatrical agent and movie producer Freddie Fields, brother of band leader Shep Fields, from 1981 until his death from lung cancer in December 2007.
Tsopei resides in Los Angeles, California, but pays frequent visits to Greece to visit relatives.
# Terry David Jones

Terry David Jones (June 13, 1938 - March 21, 2014) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1975 to 1985 as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party.

## Background

Jones was born in Toronto, and educated at the University of Toronto. He worked for his family building cottages in Muskoka. Later he established an insurance business in Streetsville, Ontario.

## Politics

He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1975 provincial election, defeating New Democratic Party candidate David Busby by 385 votes in Mississauga North. In 1976, Jones chaired a commission which established the provincial drinking age at nineteen.
He defeated Busby again by a greater margin in the 1977 election, and won by a significant majority in 1981. Jones was a backbench supporter of the William Davis and Frank Miller governments, and was named Deputy Speaker on October 11, 1983. During his time in office he served as Parliamentary Assistant to several ministers including the Provincial Secretary for Social Development and the Minister of the Treasury and Economics.
The Progressive Conservatives suffered an electoral setback in the 1985 election, and Jones lost his seat to Liberal candidate Steve Offer by 1,424 votes.

### Parliamentary positions

Special Parliamentary Responsibilities :
| Predecessor | Title | Successor |
| Sam Cureatz | Deputy Speaker 1983-1985 | Dick Treleaven |

## After politics

In 1992, Jones was convicted of fraud related to a property development scheme and sentenced to six months in jail. Jones had set up a land deal and promised investors that large profits would result from the sale of the land. Instead the deal went sour and investors lost $1,010,000. Jones's lawyer contended that his client did not personally profit from the deal. In 1999, he was ordered to give up his licence to sell insurance. He spent his remaining years working as a consultant and became an amateur painter. He was age 75 when he died.
# Sheykh Amr

Sheykh Amr (Persian: شيخ عمر, also Romanized as Sheykh ʿAmr) is a village in Senderk Rural District, Senderk District, Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 14 families.
# Qesh Robat

Qesh Robat (Persian: قشرباط, also Romanized as Qesh Robāţ and Qosh Robāţ; also known as Qashrābād) is a village in Pain Rokh Rural District, Jolgeh Rokh District, Torbat-e Heydarieh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 470, in 102 families.
# Pauwadungma Rural Municipality

Pauwadungma (Nepali: पौवादुङमा) is one of seven rural municipalities (गाउँपालिका) of Bhojpur District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. Of a total of 9 municipalities in Bhojpur, 2 are urban and 7 rural.
According to MoFALD Pauwadungma has an area of 118.86 square kilometres (45.89 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 15, 394 as of Census of Nepal 2011. To form this new Rural Municipality Sanodumma, Thulodumma, Bastim, Changre, Tiwari Bhanjyang and Shyamsila were merged, which previously were Village development committee (local level administrative villages). Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, MoFALD replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).
Chyangre is the Headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality.
# Edwin Cole (RAF officer)

Squadron Leader Edwin Stuart Travis Cole MC (26 December 1895 – 1984) was a British World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories. He returned to military service in 1939 for the Second World War.

## Early life

Edwin Stuart Travis Cole was born in Bristol, England on 26 December 1895, to Ruben and Jessie Cole. He became a mechanical engineer.

## World War I service

Cole was awarded Aviator's Certificate No. 2160 on Caudron biplanes at the Ruffy-Baumann School at Hendon. He was commissioned as a probationary second lieutenant in the Royal Flying Corps on 29 April 1916, was appointed a flying officer on 21 July, and was confirmed in his rank in August. On 15 September 1916, having been assigned to No. 60 Squadron RFC to fly a Nieuport fighter, he scored his first victory.
Reassigned to No. 1 Squadron RFC, he once again flew a Nieuport. He triumphed twice in March 1917, and four times during Bloody April, including two observation balloons. On 1 May 1917, he and fellow ace Frank Sharpe captured a German Albatros D.III fighter at Roulers-Elverdinghe, receiving promotion to lieutenant the same day. Following this, Cole was withdrawn from action.
On 6 July 1918 he was promoted to the temporary rank of captain.

## World War II service

His record lapses until 1939, when he agreed to let a garage in Downend be used for a first aid post and air raid shelter. On 21 March 1939, he was commissioned as a pilot officer on probation in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. On 31 August 1939, he was confirmed as a pilot officer and promoted to flying officer.
Apparently unfit for flight duty, on 27 May 1940 he was transferred to General Duties. On 27 May 1941, he was promoted to flight lieutenant. On 1 July 1944, he was once again promoted, this time to temporary squadron leader.

## Post World War II

On 10 February 1954, Cole relinquished his reserve commission, with permission to retain the rank of squadron leader.
Edwin Stuart Travis Cole died in 1984 in Wiltshire, England.

## Honours and awards
### Military Cross

    2nd Lt. Edwin Stewart Travis Cole, Royal Flying Corps (Special Reserve)
    For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. On one occasion he, in a scout, attacked and brought down an enemy two-seater biplane. He has brought down two hostile balloons. He has at all times set a splendid example of courage and initiative.
# Kyiv International School

Kyiv International School (Ukrainian: Київська міжнародна школа; KIS) is a private international school located in Kyiv, Ukraine. It opened in 1992. The school is a member of Quality Schools International (QSI), a consortium of nonprofit college-preparatory schools following an American-style, international curriculum. It is a current member of CEESA (Central and Eastern European Schools Association). The school operates with the approval of the Ukrainian government and offers a PreK - Grade 12 education in the English language, including a DP International Baccalaureate program as well as Advanced Placement courses. The school year is from August to June.

## Curriculum

The academic program uses a performance-based Mastery Learning approach to learning. It is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. It also has scholarship contracts, and follows an A, B, P, D, H grading.
The school offers the teaching of five languages (French, German, Spanish, Russian, and Ukrainian). These courses are offered at a variety of levels from 6 - 17 years of age within the context of the school's language curriculum, and IB and AP programs for non-native and native speakers.

## Facilities

The school has a park-like campus with 24 hour security. The campus is purpose-built and includes learning center, sensory rooms, art, music and technology labs, an auditorium, an indoor swimming pool, indoor gyms with a climbing wall, fitness center, a cafeteria, a snack bar, modern playgrounds, soccer field, soccer mini pitch, an outdoor basketball court and an outdoor fitness area.

## Russian invasion of Ukraine

Due to the war in Ukraine, Kyiv International School shifted to online learning from February 2022 to February 2023. On February 8, 2023, the school reopened campus, while operating on flexible modes. Starting August 2023 the school fully moved back to onsite learning.

## Alumni

Graduate students received acceptances to the world's top universities and colleges around the world, including Harvard University, Yale University, NYU, and Stanford University.
# Hubynykha

Hubynykha (Ukrainian: Губиниха; Russian: Губиниха) is a rural settlement in Samar Raion, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located on the Hubynykha, a left tributary of the Kilchen, in the basin of the Dnieper. Hubynykha hosts the administration of Hubynykha settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 5,323 (2022 estimate).
Until 26 January 2024, Hubynykha was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Hubynykha became a rural settlement.

## Climate

Climate data for Hubynykha (1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) | −0.8 (30.6) | 5.4 (41.7) | 15.0 (59.0) | 21.7 (71.1) | 25.1 (77.2) | 27.4 (81.3) | 27.0 (80.6) | 20.9 (69.6) | 13.3 (55.9) | 4.7 (40.5) | −0.2 (31.6) | 13.2 (55.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) | −3.9 (25.0) | 1.4 (34.5) | 9.5 (49.1) | 15.9 (60.6) | 19.4 (66.9) | 21.5 (70.7) | 20.7 (69.3) | 15.1 (59.2) | 8.5 (47.3) | 1.6 (34.9) | −2.7 (27.1) | 8.6 (47.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.7 (19.9) | −6.9 (19.6) | −1.9 (28.6) | 4.6 (40.3) | 10.0 (50.0) | 13.9 (57.0) | 16.1 (61.0) | 14.5 (58.1) | 9.9 (49.8) | 4.4 (39.9) | −1.0 (30.2) | −5.4 (22.3) | 4.3 (39.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.0 (1.69) | 36.9 (1.45) | 40.3 (1.59) | 39.4 (1.55) | 47.5 (1.87) | 73.7 (2.90) | 52.9 (2.08) | 46.6 (1.83) | 47.2 (1.86) | 42.1 (1.66) | 45.4 (1.79) | 42.0 (1.65) | 557.0 (21.93) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.1 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 8.3 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 7.6 | 8.3 | 86.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86.7 | 83.8 | 78.3 | 65.6 | 61.7 | 67.5 | 66.7 | 63.3 | 68.6 | 76.5 | 86.3 | 87.3 | 74.4 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization ||||||||||||||

## Economy
### Transportation

Hubynykha railway station is on the railway connecting Dnipro and Berestyn with further connections to Kharkiv and Sloviansk. There is regular passenger traffic.
The settlement has access to Highway M18 connecting Kharkiv with Zaporizhzhia and Melitopol and to Highway M29 which connects Dnipro and Kharkiv.

## Notable people

* Oleksandr Harbuz - hero of Ukraine was born in Hubynykha.