OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rostyslav Hluvko

Rostyslav Hluvko (Ukrainian: Ростислав Олександрович Глувко; 8 May 1927 – 4 March 1990) was a Ukrainian artist, graphic artist, and public figure. A friend of Volodymyr Lutsiv.

## Biography

Rostyslav Hluvko was born on 8 May 1927 in Surazh, now the Shumsk urban hromada of the Kremenets Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. He lived in Kremenets until 1940.
In 1940, he was deported to Kazakhstan with his mother. Later, in 1942, he traveled with Polish troops to Palestine via Iran. In 1947 he emigrated to the United Kingdom. In London, he graduated from Hammersmith College of Art (1951). Hluvko worked as a graphic artist.
Died on 4 March 1990 in London. According to his will, in 1991 he was buried in his father's grave at the Tunytske cemetery in Kremenets.

## Works

His artworks are in tempera, oil, acrylic, watercolor, and book graphics. Hluvko illustrated the book A Millennium of Christian Culture in Ukraine (London, 1988). Author of posters, postcards, programs, and commemorative badges.
Personal exhibitions in London (1980, 1982, 1985), Manchester (1981), Toronto (Canada, 1985), Detroit (US, 1980). From 1982, he participated in international exhibitions, in particular, the World Exhibition of Ukrainian Artists at the Canadian-Ukrainian Art Gallery (1982). Posthumous exhibitions were held at the Kremenets Museum of Local Lore (1997), the National Art Museum of Ukraine (2009, Kyiv).
Main works:
* compositions – "Avtoportret" (1950), "I. Mazepa. Fantaziia" (1976), "Kozaky nesut" (1978), "Richmond-park", "Venetsianska lahuna" (both – 1980s), "A v tuiu sviatuiu ta nedilenku rano" (1981), "Pokhoron Panteleimona Kulisha" (1981, 1984), "Hamaliia" (1984), "Marusia Churai" (1989);
* icons – "Spasytel" (1976), "Matir Bozha", "Bohomatir z Isusom", triptych "Vizd do Yerusalymu", "Sv. Pavlo" (all – 1978), "Borys i Hlib" (1979), "Sv. Yurii", "Pantokrator" (both – 1982), "Khreshchennia Ukrainy", "Isus Khrystos" (both – 1986), "Feodosii Pecherskyi" (1988).

## Honoring

In 2003, a book of memoirs Memorabilia was published.
In 2010, a room-museum of the artist was opened at the Kremenets Humanitarian and Pedagogical Institute, where the works presented by his daughter Svitlana are kept.
# Moradi Pereshkaft

Moradi Pereshkaft (Persian: مرادي پراشكفت, also Romanized as Morādī Pereshkaft; also known as Morādī) is a village in Dasht-e Rum Rural District, in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 172, in 37 families.
# Yeghvard, Syunik

Yeghvard (Armenian: Եղվարդ) is a village situated in the Kapan Municipality of the Syunik Province in Armenia.

## Demographics

The Statistical Committee of Armenia reported its population as 272 in 2010, up from 270 at the 2001 census.

## Gallery

* Surb Astvatsatsin Church
* Surb Astvatsatsin Church
# 2-Hydroxyestriol

2-Hydroxyestriol, also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-2,3,16α,17β-tetrol, is an endogenous catechol estrogen and metabolite of estriol. It is a suspected carcinogen of carcinogenicity category 2.
vte Selected biological properties of endogenous estrogens in rats :
| Estrogen | ERTooltip Estrogen receptor RBATooltip relative binding affinity (%) | Uterine weight (%) | Uterotrophy | LHTooltip Luteinizing hormone levels (%) | SHBGTooltip Sex hormone-binding globulin RBATooltip relative binding affinity (%) |
| Control | – | 100 | – | 100 | – |
| Estradiol (E2) | 100 | 506 ± 20 | +++ | 12–19 | 100 |
| Estrone (E1) | 11 ± 8 | 490 ± 22 | +++ | ? | 20 |
| Estriol (E3) | 10 ± 4 | 468 ± 30 | +++ | 8–18 | 3 |
| Estetrol (E4) | 0.5 ± 0.2 | ? | Inactive | ? | 1 |
| 17α-Estradiol | 4.2 ± 0.8 | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| 2-Hydroxyestradiol | 24 ± 7 | 285 ± 8 | +$^b$ | 31–61 | 28 |
| 2-Methoxyestradiol | 0.05 ± 0.04 | 101 | Inactive | ? | 130 |
| 4-Hydroxyestradiol | 45 ± 12 | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| 4-Methoxyestradiol | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 260 | ++ | ? | 9 |
| 4-Fluoroestradiol$^a$ | 180 ± 43 | ? | +++ | ? | ? |
| 2-Hydroxyestrone | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 130 ± 9 | Inactive | 110–142 | 8 |
| 2-Methoxyestrone | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 103 ± 7 | Inactive | 95–100 | 120 |
| 4-Hydroxyestrone | 11 ± 4 | 351 | ++ | 21–50 | 35 |
| 4-Methoxyestrone | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 338 | ++ | 65–92 | 12 |
| 16α-Hydroxyestrone | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 552 ± 42 | +++ | 7–24 | <0.5 |
| 2-Hydroxyestriol | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 302 | +$^b$ | ? | ? |
| 2-Methoxyestriol | 0.01 ± 0.00 | ? | Inactive | ? | 4 |
| Notes: Values are mean ± SD or range. ER RBA = Relative binding affinity to estrogen receptors of rat uterine cytosol. Uterine weight = Percentage change in uterine wet weight of ovariectomized rats after 72 hours with continuous administration of 1 μg/hour via subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps. LH levels = Luteinizing hormone levels relative to baseline of ovariectomized rats after 24 to 72 hours of continuous administration via subcutaneous implant. Footnotes: $^a$ = Synthetic (i.e., not endogenous). $^b$ = Atypical uterotrophic effect which plateaus within 48 hours (estradiol's uterotrophy continues linearly up to 72 hours). Sources: See template. ||||||
# Treaty of Soldin (1309)

The Treaty of Soldin (German: Vertrag von Soldin) was signed on 13 September 1309 at Soldin (Myślibórz) by Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal, and the Teutonic Order.
In 1308, the Order had agreed to help Polish forces retake the city of Danzig (Gdańsk) from the Brandenburgians, in exchange for being allowed to garrison a nearby fort for a year. However, during the siege, disputes arose as to the extent of the fort that was to be loaned to the Teutonic Knights, and after being seized and briefly imprisoned, the Polish troops departed the siege. After they captured the city, the Teutonic Knights massacred its inhabitants and took the town for their own.
However, the Order still lacked any legal basis for their possession of Danzig. As a result, they purchased these from Brandenburg, as well as the rights to most of Pomerelia (Dirschau (Tczew), Schwetz (Świecie) and their hinterlands) for 10,000 silver Mark, despite the fact that the initial claims to Danzig and surrounding areas by Brandenburg were themselves of dubious legality.
The treaty was subsequently confirmed in 1311 by Emperor-elect Henry VII, but repeatedly questioned by Poles, resulting in the Polish-Teutonic Wars.
In the Treaty of Kalisz (1343), the Polish king finally recognized the territorial changes.
The treaty gave the Teutonic Order control of the lower Vistula, a direct access to the Baltic Sea through Danzig, and a continuous route into the Holy Roman Empire. The same year the treaty was signed, the order's headquarters were moved from Venice to Marienburg (Malbork).
# Zedekiah (High Priest)

Zedekiah (Hebrew: צִדְקִיָּהוּ ,צִדְקִיָּה Ṣiḏqîyāhū, "Yah is righteousness") was the High Priest of Solomon's Temple that succeeded Pediah. According to Josephus Zedekiah (Sudeas) was the son of Pediah (Phideas). He also appears in the High Priest list of the medieval chronicle Seder 'Olam Zuta. Zedekiah is never mentioned in the Bible, his name doesn't appear in the Zadokite genealogy given in 1 Chr. 5:30–40 (6:4-15 in other translations).

## Patrilineal ancestry

as per 1 Chronicles 27 (up to Jehoiada) and then Josephus
Israelite religious titles :
| Preceded byPediah (According to the Seder 'Olam Zutta) | High Priest of Israel | Succeeded byJoel |

## Footnotes and references

* ↑ Antiquities of the Jews 10:151-153.
* This biographical article about a person notable in connection with Judaism is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Nivlu

Nivlu (Persian: نيولو, also Romanized as Nīvlū; also known as Nīvlar) is a village in Baranduzchay-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 213, in 61 families.
# 4-Hydroxymandelic acid

4-Hydroxymandelic acid is a chemical compound used to synthesize atenolol. The compound typically occurs as a monohydrate.

## Synthesis and occurrence

It is produced from 4-hydroxypyruvic acid by the action of the enzyme (S)-p-hydroxymandelate synthase:
    HOC$_6$H$_4$CH$_2$C(O)CO$_2$H + O$_2$ → HOC$_6$H$_4$CH(OH)CO$_2$H + CO2
4-Hydroxymandelic acid can be synthesized by the condensation reaction of phenol and glyoxylic acid:
    HOC$_6$H$_5$ + CHOCO$_2$H → HOC$_6$H$_4$CH(OH)CO$_2$H
# Meta-Hydroxynorephedrine

meta-Hydroxynorephedrine or 3-hydroxynorephedrine, also known as 3,β-dihydroxyamphetamine, is an adrenergic drug of the amphetamine class which was patented as a vasopressor and nasal decongestant but was never marketed. It is the racemic form of the sympathomimetic drug metaraminol.
# Taunt (surname)

Taunt is a surname in the English language.

## People

* Derek Taunt, British mathematician (1917–2004)
* Henry Taunt, British photographer (1842–1922)
* Angela Verren–Taunt, British artist (1930–2023)

## In fiction

* Heidi and Hedy Taunt, CIA agents in the 2000 James Bond novel DoubleShot
# Žlibinai eldership

Žlibinai eldership (Lithuanian: Žlibinų seniūnija) is an eldership in Plungė District Municipality to the east from Plungė. The administrative center is Žlibinai.

## Largest villages

* Kantaučiai
* Žlibinai
* Keturakiai
* Purvaičiai
* Kapsūdžiai

### Other villages

* Abokai
* Bernotavas
* Drūkčiai
* Gaižupiai
* Jėrubaičiai (a part of village)
* Kalniškiai (no inhabitants)
* Kepurėnai
* Liekniai
* Marciai
* Medingėnai
* Naručiai (no inhabitants)
* Rimučiai (no inhabitants)
* Sausdravėnai
* Saušilis
* Smilgiai
* Šarkiai (no inhabitants)
* Šašaičiai
* Varnaičiai
* Vydeikiai
* Vilkaičiai
* Zalepūgai
* Žvirzdaliai
# Skælskør Parish

Skælskør Parish (Danish: Skælskør Sogn) is a parish in the Diocese of Roskilde in Slagelse Municipality, Denmark. The parish contains the town of Skælskør.
# Hector Caron

Hector Caron (August 31, 1862 – April 9, 1937) was a politician in the Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly.

## Early life

He was born on August 31, 1862, in Saint-Léon, Mauricie.

## Provincial Politics

Caron ran as a Liberal candidate to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in 1892 in the district of Maskinongé. He defeated Conservative incumbent Joseph Lessard. He was re-elected in 1897 and 1900.
His last election was declared void though. A by-election was called to settle the matter, which he lost against Conservative candidate Georges Lafontaine.

## Death

He died on April 9, 1937.
# TV Moldova Internațional

TV Moldova Internațional was the international second TV channel operated by the national public broadcaster of Moldova, Teleradio-Moldova.
Launched on 10 January 2007, it takes back almost all the programs of the first Moldovan television channel Moldova 1, except some broadcasts for which the latter does not possess broadcasting rights outside of the Moldovan territory.
The channel was announced to restart in November 2013, after it was shut down due to budget constraints.
# Pomos

Pomos (Greek: Πωμός) is a village in the Paphos District of Cyprus, located 17 km northeast of Polis Chrysochous.
Despite being one of the most remote villages of Cyprus it hosts several cultural events and festivities.
The famous Idol of Pomos was discovered there.
# Svirce (Medveđa)

Svirce (Serbian Cyrillic: Свирце; Albanian: Svircë) is a village in the south of municipality of Medveđa, Serbia. Until the 1999 Kosovo War it had 1300 people, the largest village in population in Medvedja municipality after the town of Medvedja itself. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 501 people. Of these, 499 were ethnic Albanians, and 2 others.
# Ken Pontac

Ken Pontac (born May 22, 1957) is an American writer, who has written for ToddWorld, LazyTown and Happy Tree Friends and helped create its spin-off Ka-Pow!. Pontac also was a co-creator of Bump in the Night.

## Writing credits
### Television credits

* Gumby Adventures (1988)
* Mighty Max (1993)
* Bump in the Night (1994–1995)
* Extreme Dinosaurs (1997)
* The Legend of Calamity Jane (1997)
* Shadow Raiders (1998–1999)
* ReBoot (1999)
* Roswell Conspiracies: Aliens, Myths and Legends (1999)
* Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century (1999, 2001)
* Howdi Gaudi (2002)
* LazyTown (2004)
* ¡Mucha Lucha! (2004)
* ToddWorld (2004)
* Happy Tree Friends (2004–2008)
* Krypto the Superdog (2005)
* Pet Alien (2005)
* Growing Up Creepie (2006)
* The Secret Show (2006)
* Iron Man: Armored Adventures (2008)
* Storm Hawks (2008)
* Arthur (2010–2013)
* Generator Rex (2011)
* Matt Hatter Chronicles (2011–2012)
* Transformers: Rescue Bots (2012)
* The Octonauts (2012, 2014)
* Slugterra (2012–2015, 2017)
* Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures (2013–2015)
* Thunderbirds Are Go (2015)
* Luna Petunia (2017)
* Sonic Boom (2017)
* Kong: King of the Apes (2018)
* Woody Woodpecker (2020, 2022)
* Curious George (2020)
* Mighty Express (2021)

### Video game credits

* ClayFighter (1993)
* Primal Rage (1994)
* ClayFighter 63⅓ (1997)
* ClayFighter: Sculptor's Cut (1998)
* MadWorld (2009)
* Sonic Colors (2010)
* Sonic Generations (2011)
* Sonic Lost World (2013)
* Sonic Boom: Shattered Crystal (2014)
* Sonic Boom: Fire & Ice (2016)
* Sonic Forces (2017)
* State of Decay 2 (2018)
* Team Sonic Racing (2019)
* Grand Theft Auto Online (2022)

### Comic books

* Justice League Unlimited #44 (2008)
* Wacky Raceland #1-6 (2016)
# Botrychium

Botrychium is a genus of ferns, seedless vascular plants in the family Ophioglossaceae. Botrychium species are known as moonworts. They are small, with fleshy roots, and reproduce by spores shed into the air. One part of the leaf, the trophophore, is sterile and fernlike; the other, the sporophore, is fertile and carries the clusters of sporangia or spore cases. Some species only occasionally emerge above ground and gain most of their nourishment from an association with mycorrhizal fungi.
The circumscription of Botrychium is disputed between different authors; some botanists include the genera Botrypus and Sceptridium within Botrychium, while others treat them as distinct. The latter treatment is provisionally followed here.

## Taxonomy

Phylogeny of Botrychium
Unassigned species:
* Botrychium daucifolium Wall. ex Hook. & Grev. 1830 (thin-leaved moonwort)
* Botrychium onondagense
* Botrychium socorrense W.H.Wagner 1989 (Isla Socorro moonwort)
* Botrychium sutchuanense Chien & Chun 1959
* †Botrychium ternatopsis Kuzitchkina 1960
* Botrychium tolucaense Wagner & Mickel 2004

## Conservation

Moonworts can be found in many environments, including prairies, forests, and mountains. While some Botrychium species are quite rare, conservation efforts can be difficult. Determining the rarity of a species is complicated by the plants’ small leaves, which stand only 2-10 centimeters above the soil. Even more of a challenge in obtaining an accurate population count is the genus's largely subterranean life cycle. The vast majority of any one population of moonworts actually exists below ground in banks consisting of several types of propagules. One type of propagule is the ungerminated spores, which must percolate through the soil beyond the reach of light in order to germinate. This presumably increases the probability that the spore will be in range of a mycorrhizal symbiont before it produces the tiny, roughly heart-shaped gametophyte, which also exists entirely below ground. Finally, some species produce gemmae, a form of asexual propagation achieved by budding of the root.
Juvenile and dormant sporophytes can also be hidden in the soil for long periods of time. Mature sporophytes do not necessarily produce a leaf annually; they can remain viable underground for up to 10 years without putting up a photosynthetic component. This feat is made possible by their dependence on symbiotic partnership with AM fungi of the genus Glomus, which supply most fixed carbon for growth and reproduction.
This mycorrhizal dependence has also made lab cultivation of moonworts difficult. Thus far, only germination of the gametophyte has been successful.
# Dryopteris expansa

Dryopteris expansa, the alpine buckler fern, northern buckler-fern or spreading wood fern, is a species of perennial fern native to cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south at high altitudes in mountains to Spain and Greece in southern Europe, to Japan in eastern Asia, and to central California in North America. It prefers cool, moist mixed or evergreen forests and rock crevices on alpine slopes, often growing on rotting logs and tree stumps and rocky slopes. It is characteristically riparian in nature, and is especially associated with stream banks.

## Description

It has a short rootstock. The leaves are with large, green lacy fronds typically 30–120 cm (12–47 in). The petiole is usually about half the length of the leaf blade and brown scaled. The scales are black-ish in the middle. The leaf blade is triangular and sparsely glandular on the underside. The deltate fronds are bipinnate at the base, pinnate toward the apex. The rhizome is erect or ascending, often producing offshoots. Sori occur medially on the underside of the pinnae. Propagation is by spores and vegetatively by division of the rhizome.
It is easily confused with the related Dryopteris dilatata (broad buckler fern), differing in the usually smaller fronds, and in the pale brown scales on the frond stem being more uniform in color, rarely having a dark central stripe. It also differs in cytology in having 2n = 82 chromosomes (164 in D. dilatata). Leaves of D. expansa are very similar to those of D. arguta.

## Taxonomy

Dryopteris expansa was given its first scientific description in 1825 by Carl Borivoj Presl in 1825, who named it Nephrodium expansum. It was described in the book Reliquiae Haenkeanae as being described from a specimen collected at Nootka Sound. However, the type locations in that work cannot be relied upon due to mistakes made when the specimens were originally collected or during the long storage before being examined by Presl. The specimens were collected by Thaddäus Haenke during his long travels and sent back to Europe where they sat unregarded for at least 25 years until they were acquired by the Bohemian National Museum at Prague in 1821 and were finally examined in detail.

### Names

The species name of this fern, expansa, is from the Latin expando, meaning "to spread out, spread apart, to expand". Other common names include northern wood fern, arching wood fern, spiny wood fern and crested wood fern.
The Finnish name is isoalvejuuri which directly translates to "large cestoda root" likely referring to its relations to use of other buckler ferns as worm expellent in traditional Finnish medicine especially Dryopteris filix-mas.

## Uses

The root contains filicin, a substance that paralyses tapeworms and other internal parasites and has been used in herbal medicine as a worm expellent.

## Toxicity

This plant is toxic.
# Simon Basil

Simon Basil (fl. 1590 — 1615) was an English surveyor or architect, who held the post of Surveyor of the King's Works, 1606-15.

## Works

Simon Basil's first recorded appearance, in 1590, was drawing a plan of Ostend, a military objective at the time, for the previous Surveyor, Robert Adams. Similarly in 1597 he is mentioned in respect of a "modell" of Flushing. In that year he was Comptroller of the Royal Works.
His major patron was Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, in his London residence, 'Salisbury' or 'Cecil House' in the Strand, London (1600-1602), and at Cecil's main seat, Hatfield House, Hertfordshire (1607–12). Some of his plans and elevations for Salisbury House survive. It is unclear to what extent he was involved in design at Hatfield, where he served as clerk of the works.
Basil sent a letter regarding his progress on Cecil House to Cecil on 14 August 1601. He explained that it was too late in the building season to complete the court with symmetry, but he could remedy the defect by painting the new plaster in imitation of brickwork. The new front would be completed with brickwork and Oxford stone ornaments. He doubted the front could be finished before October. In another letter to Robert Cecil written in September 1601, Basil mentioned that he was using windows salvaged from 'clerestories' in Kent in one of his patron's houses, and installing a stove.
Basil and the sergeant painter John de Critz were jointly given the ward of Philip Saltmarsh to boost their income. They sold their rights to a third party, Francis Needham.
In July 1605 he built a house, "hovel" or "shed" for a lioness in the new court of the Tower of London, she had twin cubs on the same day he finished work. On 4 April 1606, the Scottish architect David Cunningham of Robertland resigned the Surveyorship to Basil. Basil was responsible for a new palace at Royston, its design having some similarities with Cecil's Hatfield.
Basil worked on the New Exchange (1608–09), where Basil's design was preferred to one drawn up by Inigo Jones. In 1609 Basil and William Goodrowse made improvements in the garden at Somerset House for Anne of Denmark. In June 1609 Basil went to Woking Palace to estimate costs for repairs to the manor, office houses, and two bridges. The keeper Edward Zouch asked Basil to estimate for cleaning out the moat and building a new bridge over the river at the front of the house, which would increase the privacy of the king's garden.
Basil's drawing of the lodge for Sir Walter Raleigh that has been expended as Sherborne Castle, Dorset, (c.1600-1609) shows by dashed lines that the unusual angle of the corner towers is centred in the opposite corner.
After Basil's death, Inigo Jones was appointed Surveyor of the King's Works.

## Family

Simon Basil's own background is obscure. He married Elizabeth Rainsford in 1605. Their son, also Simon, became a Clerk in the Royal Works and died in 1663. A daughter, Elizabeth, was baptised at St Martin-in-the-Fields in February 1610. Simon Basil died in September 1615 and was buried at St Martins-in-the-Fields.
# Emil Mewes

Emil Mewes (22 March 1913 – 1 February 2000) was a German philatelist who was added to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1992.
Mewes formed collections of Bavaria, the Revenue stamps of Alsace, and the first flight covers of Lufthansa. He was Vice-President of the FIP Commission for Literature since 1978 and Editor-in-Chief of Sammlerlupe from 1964 until 1974. Mewes received the Kalckhoff Medal and the Sieger Prize for his contribution to philatelic literature.
# Kalinowiec, Węgrów County

Kalinowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łochów, within Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Łochów, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Węgrów, and 65 km (40 mi) north-east of Warsaw.