OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Victory Park (Riga)

Victory Park (Latvian: Uzvaras parks) is a park in Riga, located on the left bank of the Daugava, in the district of Āgenskalns. The modern area of the park is 36.7 hectares.

## History

The park was created in 1909 and named Petrovsky Park (Russian: Петровский парк, Latvian: Pētera parks) after Tsar Peter I to mark the bicentenary since the capitulation of Estonia and Livonia. The official opening ceremony of the park complex took place in the middle of 1910 in the presence of Tsar Nicholas II, and the Mayor of Riga George Armitstead.
In 1923, the park was renamed Victory Park in honor of the Latvian victory in 1919 over the West Russian Volunteer Army under the command of Colonel Pavel Bermondt-Avalov during the Latvian War of Independence. In 1930, a reconstruction of the park was carried out, aimed at creating a new socially significant leisure center for the population of the Latvian capital. In 1938, the 9th Latvian Song Festival was held in a temporary grandstand in the park.
A grand renovation plan, proposed in 1938–1939 during a contest organized during the dictatorship of Kārlis Ulmanis by architects Frīdrihs Skujiņš [lv] and Georgs Dauge [lv], envisioned a wide 'Alley of Victory' and a torchlight-crowned, 60-meter-tall 'Victory Tower'; a mass event and parade ground with stands and a permanent grandstand for the Song Festival; a velodrome; sports hall with a capacity of 10,000; a stadium and a new harbour in Āgenskalns Bay [lv]. Despite receiving around 3 million Ls in donations, the works did not commence due to the start of World War II.
After the Soviet re-occupation, the Riga City Council renamed the park after the 1961 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1985, the Monument to the Liberators of Soviet Latvia and Riga from the German Fascist Invaders was opened, and the park was renamed to Victory Park again, this time reinterpreting the name as the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in World War II.
Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the monument was removed on 22–25 August. After the first stage of redevelopment, the park was reopened for the public on Lāčplēsis Day in 2023. Following a public resident survey, the second stage of redevelopment began with the construction of an active recreation zone.
# Moatassem

Moatassem (also spelled Moatasem, Moatassam, Mutassim and Motasim; Arabic: معتصم) is a masculine Arabic given name, it may refer to:
* Mouatasem Alaya (born 1983), Syrian footballer
* A spelling variant of Mutassim Gaddafi (1977–2011), Libyan Army officer
# Dancing tree

In computer science, a dancing tree is a tree data structure similar to B+ trees. It was invented by Hans Reiser, for use by the Reiser4 file system. As opposed to self-balancing binary search trees that attempt to keep their nodes balanced at all times, dancing trees only balance their nodes when flushing data to a disk (either because of memory constraints or because a transaction has completed).
The idea behind this is to speed up file system operations by delaying optimization of the tree and only writing to disk when necessary, as writing to disk is thousands of times slower than writing to memory. Also, because this optimization is done less often than with other tree data structures, the optimization can be more extensive.
In some sense, this can be considered to be a self-balancing binary search tree that is optimized for storage on a slow medium, in that the on-disc form will always be balanced but will get no mid-transaction writes; doing so eases the difficulty of adding and removing nodes during a transaction. Instead, these slow rebalancing operations are performed at the same time as the much slower write to the storage medium.
However, a negative side effect of this behavior manifests in cases of unexpected shutdown, incomplete data writes, and other occurrences that may prevent the final balanced transaction from completing. In general, dancing trees pose greater difficulty than conventional trees for data recovery from incomplete transactions, though this can be addressed by more thoroughly accounting for transacted data.
# Widok Towers

Widok Towers is an office skyscraper in Warsaw, Poland, located at 44 Jerusalem Avenue, in the Downtown district. It was designed by Piotr Bujnowski and Martin Tröthan, and opened in 2020.

## History

Widok Towers was constructed between 2017 and 2020, as part of the East Wall urban complex, in place of the former headquarters skyscraper of Universal. It was designed by Piotr Bujnowski and Martin Tröthan in the neomodern style. Its investor was S+B Plan Bau Warschau.

## Characteristics

Widok Towers is located at 44 Jerusalem Avenue, in the neighbourhood of North Downtown in the Downtown district. It was designed in the neomodern style, primary as an office building with additional spaces allocated for shopping, services, and a hotel. It has 28 storeys, and 3 additional underground. The total height of the building is 95 m (311.68 ft), and its total area is 32,600 m$^2$ (350,903.48 ft sq).
# Panchlaish Thana

Panchlaish (Bengali: পাঁচলাইশ) is a thana of Chattogram District in Chattogram Division, Bangladesh.

## Geography

Panchlaish is located at 22°22′00″N 91°49′30″E﻿ / ﻿22.3667°N 91.8250°E﻿ / 22.3667; 91.8250 . It has 37105 households and total area 27.45 km$^2$.

## Demographics

At the 1991 Bangladesh census, Panchlaish had a population of 193,357, of whom 112,099 were aged 18 or older. Males constituted 59.39% of the population, and females 40.61%. Panchlaish had an average literacy rate of 59.3% (7+ years), against the national average of 32.4%.

## Points of interest

Rupali Guitar, an 18-foot-high (5.5 m) stainless steel sculpture memorializing Ayub Bachchu, was erected in the Prabartak roundabout in 2019.
# Khem Karan Assembly constituency

Khem Karan Assembly constituency is one of the 117 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Punjab state in India. It is part of Tarn Taran district.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party | Party |
| 2017 | Sukhpal Singh Bhullar | | Indian National Congress |
| 2022 | Sarvan Singh Dhun | | Aam Aadmi Party |

## Election results
### 2022

Assembly election, 2022: Khemkaran :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AAP | Sarvan Singh Dhun | 64,541 | 41.64 | |
| | SAD | Virsa Singh Valtoha | 52,659 | 33.98 | |
| | INC | Sukhpal Singh Bhullar | 28,859 | 18.62 | |
| | SAD(A) | Harpal Singh Baler | 3,270 | 2.11 | |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 1,832 | 1.18 | |
| | SAD(S) | Daljit Singh Gill | 422 | 0.27 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 11,882 | 7.66 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,54,988 | 71.08 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 218,055 | | |
| | AAP gain from INC | AAP gain from INC | Swing | | |

### 2017

Punjab Assembly election, 2017: Khem Karan :
| Party | Party | Candidate |
| | INC | Sukhpal Singh Bhullar |
| | NOTA | None of the above |
| Majority | Majority | Majority |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors |
# Helsinki-86

The CTAG (Latvian: Cilvēktiesību aizstāvības grupa, Human Rights Defense Group) Helsinki-86 was founded on 10 July 1986 in the Latvian port town of Liepāja by three workers: Linards Grantiņš, Raimonds Bitenieks, and Mārtiņš Bariss. Its name refers to the Helsinki Accords and the year of its founding.
Helsinki-86 was the first openly anti-Communist organization, but also the first openly organized opposition to the Soviet regime, in the former Soviet Union, setting an example for other ethnic minorities' pro-independence movements.

## Role in the "Singing Revolution"

Helsinki-86 was an important early actor during the "Singing Revolution" in Latvia, during which the country regained its independence from the USSR.
By the beginning of 1988, there were nearly twenty members of Helsinki-86. The most prominent among them, aside from the founding members were Rolands Silaraups, Konstantins Pupurs, Juris Vidiņš, Juris Ziemelis, Alfreds Zariņš, Heino Lāma, and Edmunds Cirvelis. By mid-1988, some of the most active members had been expelled from the USSR by the Soviet authorities.
On June 14, 1987, the group organised the first peaceful anti-Communist demonstration with a customary placing of flowers at the base of the Freedom Monument (Latvian: Brīvības piemineklis) in the Latvian capital, Riga. This event marked a turning point the rebirth of national courage and self-confidence in Latvia.
On August 23, 1987, the group organized a protest demonstration against the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, which among numerous other historical events resulted in the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940, during the administration of Latvian President and Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis. Historically, on November 18, 1987, Latvian Independence Day was celebrated for the first time since 1940.
On March 25, 1988 the group called for the Latvian people to gather by the Freedom Monument in Riga to commemorate the victims of Soviet terror. On that particular day, it became evident that the pro-independence leadership began a gradual transition of influence from Helsinki-86 to moderate Latvian Communists and nationally prominent figures, who openly invited Latvian citizens for the first time to come en masse to a different Riga location: the Cemetery of Fallen Soldiers.
On June 14, 1988, for the first time since the Soviet occupation, the group openly carried the Latvian national flag through the streets of Riga.

## Since independence

A political party based on the Helsinki-86 organization was officially registered in 1998. It was unsuccessful in the elections for Latvia's Saeima (parliament) later that year, as well as in the 2001 municipal elections.
# Sir George Makgill, 9th Baronet

Sir George Makgill, 9th Baronet of Kemback and Fingask, de jure 9th Viscount of Oxfuird FRSE (1812-1878) was a Scottish peer.

## Life

He was born on 23 December 1812 the son of John Makgill of Kemback and Fingask and his wife Eliza Dalgleish.
In 1847 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being Archibald Campbell Swinton. He resigned from the Society in 1857.
In the 1850s he had an Edinburgh townhouse at 12 Claremont Crescent in the New Town.
He died on 21 September 1878.

## Family

His sister Jane married Robert Haldane WS.
In 1833 he married Harriet Strettell (d.1890), daughter of Amos Strettell. They were parents to Captain John Makgill, George Makgill and Arthur Makgill, and grandparents to George Makgill.

## Publications

Makgill published Rent No Robbery: An Examination Of Some Erroneous Doctrines Regarding Property In Land in 1851. The short, roughly 40 page tract was a response to popular communist arguments against the practice of rent, such as those laid out in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of Karl Marx from 1844.
# Letters to a Young Mathematician

Letters to a Young Mathematician (ISBN 0-465-08231-9) is a 2006 book by Ian Stewart, and is part of Basic Books' Art of Mentoring series. Stewart mentions in the preface that he considers this book an update to G.H. Hardy's A Mathematician's Apology.
The book is made up of letters to a fictional correspondent of Stewart's, an aspiring mathematician named Meg. The roughly chronological letters follow Meg from her high school years up to her receiving tenure from an American university.
Reviews of the book were generally positive. Fernando Q. Gouvêa's review for the MAA calls it "full of good advice, much of it direct and to the point" and later, that "while it won't change the world, it may well help some young people decide to be (or not to be) mathematicians." In Emma Carberry's review for the AMS, reacted differently, saying that "one does not so much feel the benefit of a ream of practical advice, but rather of exposure to the inner realm of mathematics". A review in Nature was harsher, however, saying that "there is a general lack of information ... [and] too much jargon" and that it "suffers from being written entirely for a US audience", but even this review finds a bright note, "The letter in which Stewart tells Meg how to teach undergraduates should be compulsory reading for all lecturers and tutors."
# Isectolophidae

Isectolophidae is an extinct family of browsing, herbivorous, mammals in the order Perissodactyla. It forms a sister group to the rest of the Tapiromorpha, which includes the Ancylopoda (lophiodontids and Chalicotherioidea) and the Ceratomorpha (tapirs, rhinoceroses and their extinct relatives).
# Kermia informa

Kermia informa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 6 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Galapagos Islands.
# Transverse occipital sulcus

The transverse occipital sulcus is a sulcus in the occipital lobe.
The transverse occipital sulcus is continuous with the posterior end of the occipital ramus of the intraparietal sulcus, and runs across the upper part of the lobe, a short distance behind the parietooccipital fissure.
# Sainik School, Manasbal

J&K Sainik School Manasbal is located 32 km (20 mi) from Srinagar. It is a military school in Ganderbal district of Jammu and Kashmir, India, preparing students for the National Defence Academy and other allied courses. It is an English-medium school affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education in New Delhi. Each year entrance exam is conducted for admission of students to class VI (whole new batch) and class IX (few students selected determined by the already number of students in the class).
It is the second Sainik School in Jammu and Kashmir, the first being in Nagrota. The school was established by the Sainik Schools Society and founded by then-Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Sheikh Abdullah in 1980. The school started on 14 September 1981. The first principal was Wing Commander J. K. Gandhi.
The school comes under the control of Government of Jammu and Kashmir, supported by the Ministry of Defence. J&K Sainik School Manasbal is the only Sainik School which runs under state government, rest all of such schools are managed by the Indian Ministry of Defence. Initially, the Principals for this school were being deputed from the Army Education Corps, but since 1995 the school is managed by civil officials deputed by the Department of School Education. On 26 July 2023, School Education Department, J&K, appointed Lt. Col. Gh Hassan Nath (Retd.) as Principal of the School.
Besides a 16-bed sick ward, the school has six hostels to house students. During the winter, from December to March, when the weather conditions in the mountainous location are severe, the education program pauses and students return home to prepare for their final exams held in March.
According to then-Cabinet Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Chowdhary Zulfkar Ali, in 2018 69 students from Kashmir and Ladakh had been selected out of 900 applicants, showing the high demand for the school he said "has carved a niche for itself in academic quality".
In July 2020, the Chief Secretary of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, B.V.R. Subrahmanyam, approved the budget estimates worth Rs 886.07 lakhs for the financial year 2020–2021, while Kashmir's Department of Floriculture was asked to make the campus eco-friendly. A few months earlier, the Indian Army took steps to improve the empowerment of students, like the dedication of a gym and the implementation of yearly student tours to career institutions.
# Pakistan Eastern Railway

The Pakistan Eastern Railway (Urdu: پاکستان مشرقی ریلویز, Bengali: পাকিস্তান পূর্ব রেলওয়ে) was one of two divisions of Pakistan Railways which operated between 1961 and 1971. The company was headquartered in Chittagong. With the emergence of Bangladesh, it became Bangladesh Railway.

## History

When Pakistan gained its independence from Britain in 1947, the Eastern Bengal Railway & Assam Bengal Railway was split between Pakistan and India. Approximately 2,600 kilometres of rail track fell within East Bengal's territory in Pakistan. The railway was then renamed to Eastern Bengal Railway, under control of the federal government. On 1 February 1961, the Eastern Bengal Railway was renamed to the Pakistan Eastern Railway and in the following year, control of Pakistan Eastern Railway was transferred from the federal government to the Government of East Pakistan. It was placed under the management of the Pakistan Eastern Railways Board with the effect from the financial year 1962-63 by Presidential Order of 9 June 1962.

### Successors

With Bangladesh becoming independent in 1971, the Pakistan Eastern Railway renamed itself to Bangladesh Railway.
# Women Cars Villas Money

Women Cars Villas Money (French: F.V.V.A. - Femmes Voitures Villas Argent) is a 1972 drama film directed by Moustapha Alassane.

## Synopsis

Ali is a modest civil servant who enjoys a pleasant life in town. One day, upon being forced by his parents to marry a woman he doesn't want, Ali is dragged into a vortex composed by "Women (Femmes), Cars (Voitures), Villas, Money (Argent)" all of which, in Niger, stand for social success. Longing for an increasingly luxurious way of life, in order to support habits he himself created, Ali is forced to steal and is arrested. When everyone else abandons him, his first wife reveals her loyalty and awaits his release. The film depicts the frantic search for consumer goods by the low middle classes of the African cities and it was, according to Véronique Cayla, director of the Centre national de la Cinématographie (France), of remarking importance for the youngsters back in those years.

## Festivals

* Rotterdam International Film Festival, The Netherlands (2010)

## Awards

* Prize OCAM at FESPACO - Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougo, Burkina Faso (1972)
# Iron Bridge, Riga

The Iron Bridge (Latvian: Dzelzs tilts) or Semigallia Bridge (Zemgales tilts) was a bridge that crossed the Daugava river in Riga, the capital of Latvia. It was built in 1871–72. The bridge was bombarded twice, during World War I and World War II, and was not rebuilt after the last war. The only remains of the bridge are its pillars in the river.
# Lophiaspis

Lophiaspis is an extinct genus of early perissodactyl endemic to Southern Europe during the Early to Middle Eocene, living from 55.8 to 37.2 Ma. Remains have been found from France, Spain, and Portugal.
# Myrtle Sheldon

Myrtle Sheldon (19 January 1893 – 24 November 1939) was an American illustrator of children’s books.
Sheldon was born in Menomonee, Waukesha, Wisconsin, United States and died in Cold Spring, New York. She was married to Fridolin Joseph Blumer. Her mother was Estelle Keeler, and her father was J. B. Sheldon. She illustrated many children's books, some without attribution at the time of publication. Those publicly credited include A Child's Garden of Verses by Robert Louis Stevenson, Ellen Tarry's Janie Belle, and the 1932 Newbery Honor-winning children's book Boy of the South Seas by Eunice Tietjens. Tarry’s work was particularly notable, as Janie Belle was one of the first children’s picture books with an African-American author published in the United States.
Actress Kathy Bates listed the Stevenson book as one of her favorites and lauded Sheldon's drawings.

## Works

Works illustrated by Sheldon include:
* The Little Lame Prince (1910 edition) by Dinah Maria Mulock Craik and Myrtle Sheldon.
* A Child's Garden of Verses (1916) by Robert Louis Stevenson M.A. Donohue & Co.
* Boy of the South Seas (1931) by Eunice Tietjens. Received the Newbery Honor in 1932.
* Jerry Todd's Up-The-Ladder Club (1937) and Jerry Todd's Poodle Parlor (1938) both by Leo Edwards
* Mary and Marie (1938) by Helen Valentine
* Harry, the Horse (1939) by Joan Mosely
* We Call it Human Nature (1939) by Paul Grabbe
* Ginger Blue (1940) by Charles Morrow Wilson
* Janie Belle (1940) by Ellen Tarry
# Serhiy Ionushas

Serhiy Kostiantynovych Ionushas (Ukrainian: Сергій Костянтинович Іонушас; born 18 October 1979) is a Ukrainian politician currently serving as a People's Deputy of Ukraine on the proportional list of Servant of the People since 2019. He is also head of the Verkhovna Rada Law Enforcement Committee and the Legal Reform Commission. Prior to his election, he was a lawyer.

## Early life and career

Serhiy Kostiantynovych Ionushas was born in the city of Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) on 18 October 1979.
Ionushas obtained a law degree with honours from the Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University. He also studied in the Ukrainian Institute of Industrial Property where he obtained master's degree with honours. His specialisation at the institute was intellectual property. Ionushas also studied at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Institute of International Relations under the program "Legislative stages in Ukraine: Kyiv and selected regions", and graduated with a specialisation in European Law.
Following his graduation, Ionushas worked as a legal executive. He is a member of Ukrainian Bar Association and the Ukrainian Lawyer' Association, and has authored publications and reports on copyright protection and industrial property.
Ionushas was formerly head of the Gelon law firm. One of his clients during this time was the Kvartal 95 Studio.

## Political career

In the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election Ionushas worked for Volodymyr Zelenskyy's ultimately-successful campaign, and was a personal adviser to Zelenskyy on legal matters.
During the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election Ionushas was a candidate on the proportional list of the Servant of the People party. At the time of the election he was an independent. He was successfully elected to the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament).
Ionushas is head of the Verkhovna Rada Law Enforcement Committee. He has also been a member of the Legal Reform Commission since 7 August 2019. On 29 October 2020 he was appointed to the position of the head of the Law Reform Commission by Zelenskyy.
# Schizotherium

Schizotherium is an extinct genus of schizotheriine chalicothere known from the Oligocene of Europe and Asia.
# Kashimnagar Union

Kashimnagar Union (Bengali: কাশিমনগর ইউনিয়ন) is a Union Parishad under Manirampur Upazila of Jessore District in the division of Khulna, Bangladesh.
# Shobdalpur Union

Shobdalpur Union (Bengali: সব্দালপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Sreepur Upazila, in Magura District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 24.67 square kilometres (9.53 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 18,740. There are 21 villages and 17 mouzas in the union.
# James Remnant, 3rd Baron Remnant

James Wogan Remnant, 3rd Baron Remnant, CVO (30 October 1930 – 4 March 2022) was a British hereditary peer and banker.

## Biography

Remnant was born on 30 October 1930. He was educated at Eton College, before qualifying as a chartered accountant with Touche Ross, where he became a partner from 1958 to 1970. In 1965, he was appointed to the board of the English, Scottish & Australian Bank, serving until that bank's merger into the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group in 1969. Remnant remained on the ANZ board, including service as deputy chairman, until his retirement from the board on 19 January 1981.
He was a member of the House of Lords from 4 June 1967 to 11 November 1999. In September 1989, the Board of the Bank of Scotland appointed Remnant as an ordinary director. Remnant died on 4 March 2022, at the age of 91.