OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Democratic Party "Saimnieks"

The Democratic Party "Saimnieks" (Latvian: Demokrātiskā partija "Saimnieks") was a Latvian centre-left political party formed through the merger of the Latvian Democratic Party and the political party "Saimnieks" in 1995. It won the 1995 parliamentary election and was represented by 18 deputies in the 6th Saeima. It participated in Andris Šķēle's first and second cabinet, withdrawing from the coalition in 1998.
The party lost the 1998 parliamentary election, failing to win any seats. It was eventually disbanded in March 2005.
# Kutubdia Gas Field

Kutubdia Gas Field (Bengali: কুতুবদিয়া গ্যাসক্ষেত্র) is a natural gas field located in the Bay of Bengal of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. It is controlled by Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration and Production Company Limited (BAPEX).

## Production

It is a miniature gas field as estimated. According to calculations, the total gas reserves in this gas field is 780 billion cubic feet (BCF). No gas is currently being extracted from this gas field; because of the scarcity of its stock, it has not been brought into production.
# Armando Salvietti

Armando Salvietti (born 10 January 1955) is a Bolivian former sports shooter. He competed in the trap and skeet events at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Alt-Tegel (Berlin U-Bahn)

Alt-Tegel is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U6.t It was constructed by B. Grimmek and opened as "Tegel" station in 1958. In 1992, the station was renamed to Alt-Tegel (Old Tegel). The S-Bahn station Berlin-Tegel is located nearly 600 meters away. The renaming of the Tegel U-Bahn station perhaps occurred to avoid confusion.
The station is located at the end of the U6 line. It has eight exits, and is an important station for people who want to go to the Tegeler See, a recreation site in Berlin.

## History

Even though line U6 only opened in 1923, by the 1930s there were already plans by the city of Berlin to extend the U6 to Wedding and to Tegel. Construction work for an extension began in 1929 on Müllerstraße. Due to the imminent global economic crisis and the resulting financial consequences for the city of Berlin, the work stopped. The result was a roughly 400-meter-long tunnel.
After the Second World War, the BVG planned a extensive expansion of the Berlin U-Bahn. In the first stage, line C (U6), which then ended at Grenzallee and Seestraße. Construction began for an extension to Tegel on 26 October 1953. The extension was done in two stages. First, the section Seestraße - Kurt-Schumacher-Platz, followed by the part above ground section Kurt-Schumacher-Platz - Borsigwerke then underground to Alt-Tegel. The second section included the stations Scharnweberstraße (above ground), Seidelstraße (now: Otisstraße, aboveground), Holzhauser Straße (above ground), Borsigwerke (underground) and terminus Tegel, which was also underground.
In 1995, when the S-Bahn line to Henningsdorf was reopened, the U-Bahn station was renamed Alt-Tegel to avoid confusion with the S-Bahn station Tegel .
# Qadamgah-e Emam Reza, Khuzestan

Qadamgah-e Emam Reza (Persian: قدمگاه امام رضا, also Romanized as Qadamgāh-e Emām Rez̤ā) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Behbahan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 14 families.
# Opel Manta GSe ElektroMOD

The Opel Manta GSe ElektroMOD is an electric redesign of the Opel Manta, with advanced technology. It has a "pixel visor" and a digital cockpit. Unusual for an electric car, it has a 4-speed manual transmission. Its primary colour is yellow, which is Opel's new corporate colour and this car includes 2 LED ultra-thin headlights. It is a 2-door coupe with two main screens in the interior. A screen has a speedometer, a tachometer and a fuel gauge, but it shows how much charge it has rather than fuel. The other screen is a SatNav.
On its grille, it can display "I'm on a zero e-mission", "My German heart has been ELEKTRified!" and "I'm an ELEKTROMOD". The grille is very similar to the second generation Opel Mokka and the Opel Crossland facelift. It is one of the first models under the new GSe sub-brand and it is limited to 150 km/h (93 mph).
The front suspension is more stiff and firm at the front of the car, however, the back of the car has a lot less stiffness, so that there is more traction. The 31 kWh lithium-ion battery is located a bit forward from the boot, and in the interior, it includes two seats in the front and two seats in the back, making it a four-seater. In the glovebox there is a switch to turn on recuperation, and the steering wheel does not have anything on it, despite a button for a horn, just like any car from the 1970s.

## History

The Opel Manta GSe ElektroMOD was first shown March 15, 2021, as a modern electrified Opel Manta, and it was later put on Opel's official website as a concept car. The Opel Manta was sold with a 4-speed manual transmission, it was called Europe's first affordable muscle car, but stopped production in 1988, and the electric concept of the Opel Manta was released 33 years later.
After the GSe was introduced, two new automobiles were shown: the Opel Manta GSe ElektroMOD and the Opel Astra GSe. It is said that the Opel GSi brand will go defunct in 2023, and for the GSe sub brand to take over.
# Diuris emarginata

Diuris emarginata, commonly called the late donkey orchid, is a species of orchid which is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has up to six leaves and a flowering stem with up to eight yellow flowers with brown markings but only after fires the previous summer.

## Description

Diuris emarginata is a tuberous, perennial herb with between three and six linear leaves 100–200 mm (4–8 in) long and 3–6 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide. Between three and eight yellow flowers with brown markings, about 30 mm (1 in) long and 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) wide are borne on a flowering stem 300–500 mm (10–20 in) tall. The dorsal is erect, tapering, 11–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long and 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide. The lateral sepals are 13–16 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide and project forwards. The petals are more or less erect or spread apart from each other, 9–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long and 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide on a blackish stalk 5–6 mm (0.2–0.2 in) long. The labellum is 11–14 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long, turns slightly downwards and has three lobes. The centre lobe is narrow egg-shaped, 11–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long and 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide and the side lobes are 5–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long, 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide and spread apart from each other. There are two callus ridges 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long near the mid-line of the labellum and outlined in brownish red. Flowering occurs from November to January, but only after fire the previous summer.

## Taxonomy and naming

Diuris emarginata was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown and the description was published in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. The specific epithet (emarginata) is a Latin word meaning "without margin" or "notched at the apex".

## Distribution and habitat

The late donkey orchid occurs in winter-wet areas mainly between Augusta and Albany in the Jarrah Forest and Warren biogeographic regions.

## Conservation

Diuris emarginata is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Ob Jezeru City Stadium

Ob Jezeru City Stadium (Slovene: Mestni stadion Ob jezeru; literally 'Lakeside City Stadium') is a multi-use stadium in Velenje, Slovenia. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of NK Rudar Velenje. The stadium is also used for athletics. Built in 1955, it was renovated in 1992 when a covered grandstand was built. In 1998, the stadium received floodlights. It has a capacity for 1,864 spectators.
# Tabeer Ki Ghalti

Tabeer Ki Ghalti (Urdu: تعبیر کی غلطی) is a 1963 Urdu book by Wahiduddin Khan. The book is a critique of Abul A'la Maududi's interpretation of Islam in general and his book Quran Ki Chaar Buniyadi Istlahein in particular. The book was the reason for author's exclusion from Jamat e Islami.

## Background and synopsis
### Dialogues and correspondences

Tabeer Ki Ghalti was published in 1963 when the author Maulana Wahiduddin Khan was 38 years old and had been a member of Jamaat-e-Islami Hind for the previous 15 years. The beginning part of the book contains long dialogues and correspondences that happened in 1959-1962 with senior members of the party, namely, Sadruddin Islahi, Jalil Ahsan Nadvi, and Abu al Lais Islahi, where the author discusses his critical questions with them. Later in 1962-63, he corresponded with the founder of the party Abul A'la Maududi to have some answers to his doubts. Maududi's response was:
   "... The way you communicate shows that anyone who doesn't accept your point of view is ignorant and unintelligent ... You are speaking from a very lofty position. It seems that you have already made up your mind that what you have written is the final word. In such a case, my opinion is needless. You are free to promote the interpretation of religion that you think is correct."(Tabeer Ki Ghalti, p. 112-136, Goodwords Books, India)
After some correspondence, Maududi refused to engage further in any debate with the author. Finally, Wahiduddin Khan published his critique in August 1963.

### Critique

The later parts of the book present criticism on Maududi's book Quran Ki Chaar Buniyadi Istlahein and his interpretation of Islam as a 'system' rather than a spiritual relation between individual and God. In author's words (trans.):
   "The ultimate reality of religion is an inner realization. All we have to reach in this worldly life is to discover God as our true object of worship, to biologically connect with Him, not that we have succeeded in erecting a social structure or we have struggled to establish it. If the situation demands, then the people of faith must also do this work but its status is additional and not real". (Tabeer Ki Ghalti, p. 118, Goodwords Books, India)
# Natalie Sorokin

Natalie Sorokine (17 May 1921 – 20 December 1968) was a French woman who had relations with Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre. Beauvoir was suspended from her teaching job after seducing her 17-year-old lycée pupil in 1939. Sorokin, along with Bianca Lamblin and Olga Kosakiewicz, later stated that their relationships with Sartre and de Beauvoir damaged them psychologically.

## Early life

Sorokine was born in Constantinople, Turkey, to White Russian émigrés Porfiry Sorokin and his wife, Natalia Sorokina.

## Existential life with Simone de Beauvoir

In June 1943, Sorokin's mother complained to the school authorities that de Beauvoir had led her daughter astray. De Beauvoir was accused of behavior leading to the corruption of a minor and her teaching license was suspended for the rest of her life. Sorokin later said her relationship with de Beauvoir and Sartre came to an end when she found this relationship serving only one party.

## Later life

After recovering from her trauma, Sorokin started writing and worked for radio. She later married Ivan Moffat, a friend of de Beauvoir and Sartre's and son of the British actress and poet Iris Tree and artist and photographer Curtis Moffat. Their marriage was brief and produced one daughter.
# Salamander (disambiguation)

A salamander is an amphibian defined by the presence of a tail and their resemblance to lizards.
Salamander may also refer to:

## In mythology

* Salamander (legendary creature)

## In arts and entertainment
### In film, television, and stage

* Salamander (anime), a video mini-series
* Salamander (TV series), from Belgium
* Salamander (film), a 1928 Soviet-German silent biopic film
* The Salamander (1971 film), a Swiss film directed by Alain Tanner
* The Salamander (1981 film), starring Anthony Quinn
* A fictional character in the Doctor Who serial The Enemy of the World
* Fiametta, a ballet also known as The Salamander, first presented in 1863

### In gaming

* Salamander (video game), a scrolling shooter arcade game
** Salamander 2, its sequel
* Salamander (Dungeons & Dragons), a fictional creature
* Salamanders (Warhammer 40,000), a fictional military force

### In literature

* The Salamander, a novel by Owen Johnson that was also adapted into films
* Salamander (novel), 2002, by Thomas Wharton
* Salamander: A Miscellany of Poetry, a 1947 anthology
* Salamander, a literary magazine at Suffolk University
* The nickname of fictional character Natsu Dragneel in the manga Fairy Tail
* The nickname of fictional character Honor Harrington

### In music

* An album by Doug Gillard
* A song by Ellegarden on their album Eleven Fire Crackers
* A song by Jethro Tull on their album Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die!

## Places

* Salamander Range, a mountain range in Victoria Land, Antarctica
* The Salamander Glacier, Montana, United States
* Salamander Point, Bellingshausen Island, South Sandwich Islands

## Ships

* Salamander of Leith (1537), a ship of the Old Scots Navy
* HMS Salamander, any of several Royal Navy ships
* HMS Salamander (1778), British Royal Navy fireship, convict transport to Australia, whaler, and slave ship

## Technology

* Salamander (metallurgy), materials in the hearth of a blast furnace below its tap hole
* Salamander heater, a portable space heater
* Salamander broiler, a type of grilling equipment
* Altap Salamander, file management software
* Alvis Salamander, a fire engine
* Sopwith Salamander, a First World War aircraft
* Salamander, code name for the construction program for the Heinkel He 162, a Second World War German jet aircraft
* Salamander, a .NET decompiler

## Other uses

* Salamander Energy, a British-based oil and gas company
* SV Salamander Türkheim, a German association football club
* The nickname given by Winston Churchill to Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg
# Kristín Eiríksdóttir

Kristín Eiríksdóttir (born 1981) is an Icelandic poet and author.
Eiríksdótter's debut novel, Kjötbærinn (Meat Town) was published in 2004. This was followed by Húðlit auðnin (Skin-coloured Wasteland) in 2006 and Annarskonar sæla (A Different Sort of Bliss) in 2008. Her first two books were a mixture of poetry and prose while her third was entirely poetry.
She was one of the winners of the Bókmenntaverðlaun starfsfólks bókaverslana with her 2014 book Kok (Throat).
Her novel, Elín, ýmislegt (A Fist or a Heart), won the Icelandic Literary Prize and was shortlisted for the 2019 Nordic Council Literature Prize.
# Qaderabad, Hirmand

Qaderabad (Persian: قادر آباد, also Romanized as Qāderābād; also known as Mādīn and Deh-e Mādīn) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 213, in 32 families.
# Cécile Decugis

Cécile Decugis (May 15, 1930 – June 11, 2017) was a French film editor and director, known for her contributions to the French New Wave cinema. She worked on iconic films such as Breathless by Jean-Luc Godard and Shoot the Piano Player by François Truffaut. Decugis was also a longtime collaborator of director Éric Rohmer, editing nine of his feature films, including My Night at Maud’s.

## Early life and career

Cécile Régine Decugis was born in Marseille, France, on May 15, 1930. In the 1950s, she became involved with the Algerian independence movement and worked on several films related to the cause. One of her first directorial efforts was the 1957 short documentary Les Réfugiés, which depicted the plight of Algerian war refugees along the Algerian-Tunisian border.
Parallel to her activism, Decugis gained recognition as an editor, working on short films by François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard, two leading figures of the Nouvelle Vague. Her editing work on Breathless (1960) is considered groundbreaking for its innovative jump cuts, which became a signature style of the movement.

## Political involvement and imprisonment

On March 9, 1960, while working with Truffaut on Shoot the Piano Player, Decugis was arrested in Paris for having rented an apartment to a member of the Algerian National Liberation Front. She was sentenced to five years in prison and served two years at La Roquette prison. During this time, Truffaut provided her with financial support. She was released early due to good behavior.

## Collaboration with Éric Rohmer

Decugis became Éric Rohmer’s primary editor in the late 1960s, editing many of his most acclaimed films, including My Night at Maud’s (1969), Claire’s Knee (1970), and The Marquise of O (1976). Her precise and thoughtful editing style greatly contributed to the quiet, introspective atmosphere of Rohmer’s films.

## Later work and legacy

In addition to her work as an editor, Decugis directed a number of short and medium-length films. Her 2016 film, René ou le roman de mon père, was a personal documentary featuring family photos and reflections on her father, who died of tuberculosis at the age of 37. Decugis passed away in Boulogne-Billancourt, France, on June 11, 2017, at the age of 87.
After her death, her directorial work was screened at retrospectives at the Cinémathèque Française in 2017 and the Il Cinema Ritrovato festival in 2018.

## Selected filmography
### As editor

* Les Mistons (1957) – dir. François Truffaut (short)
* Breathless (1960) – dir. Jean-Luc Godard
* Shoot the Piano Player (1960) – dir. François Truffaut
* My Night at Maud’s (1969) – dir. Éric Rohmer
* Claire’s Knee (1970) – dir. Éric Rohmer
* The Marquise of O (1976) – dir. Éric Rohmer
* Pauline at the Beach (1983) – dir. Éric Rohmer
* Full Moon in Paris (1984) – dir. Éric Rohmer

### As director

* Les Réfugiés (1957) – Documentary short
* Le Passage (1965) – Medium-length film
* Italie aller retour (1984) – Medium-length film
* La Distribution de pain (2011) – Documentary
* René ou le roman de mon père (2016) – Documentary
# El crucifijo de piedra

El crucifijo de piedra ("The Crucifix of Stone") is a 1956 Mexican film. It stars Sara García.
# Heřmaň (České Budějovice District)

Heřmaň (Czech pronunciation:; German: Hermansdorf) is a municipality and village in České Budějovice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

## History

The first written mention of Lhota, a farmyard which was the predecessor of Heřmaň, is from 1400. The village of Heřmaň was established on its site in 1787.
# Acyloin

In organic chemistry, acyloins or α-hydroxy ketones are a class of organic compounds of the general form R−C(O)CH(OH)−R', composed of a hydroxy group (−OH) adjacent to a ketone group (>C=O). The name acyloin is derived from the fact that they are formally derived from reductive coupling of carboxylic acyl groups (−C(=O)OH). They are one of the two main classes of hydroxy ketones, distinguished by the position of the hydroxy group relative to the ketone; in this form, the hydroxy is on the alpha carbon, explaining the secondary name of α-hydroxy ketone.

## Synthesis

Classic organic reactions exist for the synthesis of acyloins.
* The acyloin condensation is a reductive coupling of esters
* The benzoin condensation is condensation reaction between aldehydes catalyzed by a nucleophile
* Oxidation of carbonyls is possible with molecular oxygen but not selective
* Better alternative is oxidation of corresponding silyl enol ethers with mCPBA in the Rubottom oxidation
* MoOPH oxidation of carbonyls is a system with molybdenum peroxide, pyridine and hexamethylphosphoramide.
* A family of stereoselective syntheses oxidizes in situ enols with nitroso equivalents. In the simplest version, nitrosobenzene oxidizes a carbonyl to an α‑hydroxylamine, with a proline organocatalyst for enantioselection. In a more elaborate version, enolates can be oxidized by sulfonyloxaziridines.

### Oxidation with Sulfonyloxaridines

When sulfonyloxaziridines oxidize enol(ate)s, the latter reacts by nucleophilic displacement at the electron deficient oxygen of the oxaziridine ring.
This reaction type is extended to asymmetric synthesis by the use of chiral oxaziridines derived from camphor (camphorsulfonyl oxaziridine). Each isomer gives exclusive access to one of the two possible enantiomers. This modification is applied in the Holton taxol total synthesis.
In the enolate oxidation of the cyclopentadienone below with either camphor enantiomer, the trans isomer is obtained because access for the hydroxyl group in the cis position is limited. The use of the standard oxaziridine did not result in an acyloin.

## Reactions

* Reduction of acyloins give diols.
* Oxidation of acyloins give diones.
* α-hydroxy ketones give positive Tollens' and Fehling's test.
* Some acyloins rearrange with positions swapped under the influence of base in the Lobry–de Bruyn–van Ekenstein transformation
* A similar reaction is the so-called Voigt amination where an acyloin reacts with a primary amine and phosphorus pentoxide to an α-keto amine:
* Indole synthesis, compare Bischler–Möhlau
# Giuseppina Grassi (athlete)

Giuseppina Grassi (born 28 January 1957) is a Sammarinese athlete. She competed in the women's high jump at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Christy Gunn

Christy Gunn (born 26 November 1985) is a Hong Kong rugby union player. She represented Hong Kong when they debuted at the 2017 Rugby World Cup in Ireland.

## Rugby career
### Sevens

She was selected for the Hong Kong sevens team as they sought to secure a core team spot for the 2015–2016 Sevens Series. In November, she was called up for the sevens team in the 2015 Asia Sevens Championships which was a qualification series for the 2016 Summer Olympics.
In January 2018, Gunn was named as co-captain of the sevens team when they competed at the Fiji Coral Coast 7s. She also captained the side when they competed at the 2018 Borneo Sevens in March as preparation for the Sevens Series Qualifier in April. She captained the squad again at the 2018 Hong Kong Women's Sevens which was a qualifier for the 2018–19 sevens series.

### XVs

Gunn captained Hong Kong at the 2015 Asia Rugby Women's Championship. She was named in Hong Kong's training squad and then featured at the 2017 World Cup repechage tournament against Fiji and Japan. She eventually made the squad and competed for Hong Kong in their first Rugby World Cup appearance in 2017.

## Personal life

Gunn and her husband, Stuart, married in 2017.
# Kasim Ali Model High School

Kasim Ali Model High School (Bengali: কাসিম আলি মডেল উচ্চবিদ্যালয়) is a secondary school situated in the Rajonpur area of Fenchuganj Upazila, Sylhet District, Bangladesh. The school is accredited by the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Sylhet. It offers study in the fields of science, humanities and business studies.

## History

Founded in 1915, it is the first and oldest high school in Fenchuganj and one of the oldest schools in Bangladesh. The school celebrated its 100th anniversary on 26 and 27 December 2015. The anniversary was also celebrated by alumni in the United States.
The public janaza of politician Mahmud Us Samad Chowdhury was conducted at the school in March 2021.
# Crispin Quispe

Crispin Quispe (born 13 May 1946) is a Bolivian long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1972 Summer Olympics.