OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Herut (newspaper)

Herut (Hebrew: חרות, lit. 'Freedom') was the name of four newspapers published in Palestine and later Israel. The first was established in Jerusalem during the Ottoman era, two were journals of the Irgun, whilst the fourth was owned by the Herut political party founded by former Irgun members.

## Jerusalem newspaper

In 1909 a weekly newspaper by the name of Ha-Herut was established in 1909 by Avraham Elmalih, later a member of the Knesset for the Sephardim and Oriental Communities party. Initially edited by Haim Ben-Atar, it was considered to be the mouthpiece of the city's Sephardi community. It became a daily newspaper in 1912, and was edited by Elmalih between 1914 and 1919, being the only Hebrew newspaper to appear regularly during World War I.

## Irgun newspaper

Herut was established as the journal of the Irgun in 1942, with its first edition published on 10 March that year. It was published at least once a month on four pages, and was sent by mail to private addresses, as well as being pasted on walls in public areas. The paper took a Revisionist slant on problems in the yishuv, but also included coded messages to members of the Irgun underground. For that reason, the British authorities followed the newspaper closely, with a full English translation sent to the Foreign Secretary in November 1943.
The ninety-ninth and last edition of the paper was published on 10 June 1948, though publication of a separate Herut journal continued in Jerusalem during June and July that year, with the city cut off from the rest of the country by the siege and the local Irgun not having been absorbed into the IDF.

## Herut daily

In 1948 a new daily newspaper associated with the Herut party (with which it shared its name) was launched by former journalists of HaMashkif, the Hatzohar-affiliated newspaper, including Izik Ramba, who was its editor from 1957 onwards. Its journalists included Yoel Marcus, Dan Margalit, Eitan Haber, Shlomo Nakdimon, Ze'ev Galili, Amos Keinan, Uzi Benziman, Eliyahu Matza, Dan Levin, Aryeh Naor and Moshe Katsav. Chief editors included Shmuel Merlin, a Herut Knesset member.
In 1965 the Herut party allied with the Liberal Party. The Herut newspaper was merged with the HaBoker newspaper owned by the General Zionists faction of the Liberal Party, to form HaYom, which ceased publication four years later.
# Mühlheim an der Donau

Mühlheim an der Donau (or alternatively in English Mühlheim on the Danube) is a town in the district Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the Danube, 7 km northeast of Tuttlingen.

## History

While today the largest part of the city is on the right bank of the Danube, the city Mühlheim was founded on the left bank, where the old part of town is still to be found. There a spring provides enough water year-round to drive millwheels. There is evidence that watermills were built here as early as the Roman imperium. The place takes its name from this, Mühlheim being equivalent to the English cognates: Mill-Home. An old trade route from the Bodensee crossed the river here, and from the ford at Mühlheim continued into the Albvorland after Rottweil.
The first documentary mention of the city dates from the year 843.

## Attractions

The timber framed Gothic city hall has been a listed historical monument since 1928. The earliest known written record dates to 1512, but a Romanesque capital is believed to date from around 1200.
The castle was first built around 1200 and was reconstructed in its present form in the mid 18th century.
The Galluschurch is Mühlheim's cemetery church. Parts of the building are Romanesque and date from the 10th and 11th centuries. The interior has frescos from the 14th and 15th centuries.
The yellow rock offers a fantastic view on the meandering Danube valley.
# Cape Brown (Greenland)

Cape Brown (Danish: Kap Brown) is a headland in the Greenland Sea, east Greenland, Sermersooq municipality.

## History

This headland was named "Cape Brown" by William Scoresby (1789–1857) in 1822 to honour Scottish botanist Robert Brown (1773–1858).
A small wintering station known as "Kap Brown Station" was built in 1934 on the eastern shore of nearby Fleming Fjord 15 km (9.3 mi) SW of Cape Brown at the time of the Three-year Expedition to East Greenland. The names Vimmelskaftet and Flemmingfjordhuset were also used for the same station.

## Geography

Cape Brown is located in the Greenland Sea south of Cape Biot, off the southern end of Davy Sound.
Cape Brown is the northernmost point of the Wegener Peninsula in Jameson Land. Rising between the mouth of Fleming Fjord to the west and Nathorst Fjord to the east, it is a 930 m (3,050 ft) high conspicuous headland with reddish-brown rocky sides.
* Map of NE Greenland and Iceland with Cape Brown in the upper left corner
# RC Arbaâ

Raed Club Arbaâ (Arabic: أمل الأربعاء), known as RC Arbaâ or simply RCA for short, is an Algerian football club located in Larbaâ. The club was founded in 1941 and its colours are blue and white. Their home stadium, the Ismaïl Makhlouf Stadium, has a capacity of some 5,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.

## History

In 2012, RC Arba finished first in the Groupe Centre of the 2011–12 Ligue Nationale du Football Amateur to win promotion to the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2, marking their return to the second division after a twelve-year absence. The following season, they finished second in the 2012-13 Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2 to win promotion to the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 for the first time.
On July 18, 2021, RC Arbaâ were promoted to the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.

## Managers

* Samir Boudjaarane
* Tahar Chérif El-Ouazzani (2013–2014)
* Mohamed Mekhazni (2014–2014)
* Darko Janackovic (2014–2014)
* Mohamed Mihoubi (2014–2015)
* Billel Dziri (2015–2015)
* Darko Janackovic (2015–)
# William Lount

William Lount, KC (March 3, 1840 – April 24, 1903) was an Ontario lawyer and political figure. He represented Simcoe North in the 1st Parliament of Ontario and Toronto Centre in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1896 to 1897.
He was born in Holland Landing in Upper Canada in 1840, the son of George Lount. He was educated at the University of Toronto, studied law and was called to the bar in 1863. Lount practiced law in Barrie and, later, in Toronto. He was named Queen's Counsel in Ontario in 1876 and in the Dominion of Canada in 1881. He resigned his seat in the House of Commons in 1897. In 1901, he was named a justice in the Common Pleas division of the High Court of Ontario. He died in Toronto while still a judge at the age of 63.
He was married twice: to a Miss Orris in 1874 and to Isabelle Hornibrook in 1893.
His uncle, Samuel Lount, was executed for his part in the Upper Canada Rebellion.

## Electoral history

vte1867 Ontario general election: Simcoe North :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | William Lount | 1,431 | 52.40 |
| | Conservative | A. Morrison | 1,300 | 47.60 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 2,731 | 81.91 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 3,334 |
| | Liberal pickup new district. | Liberal pickup new district. | Liberal pickup new district. | Liberal pickup new district. | Liberal pickup new district. | Liberal pickup new district. | Liberal pickup new district. |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
vte1871 Ontario general election: Simcoe North :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | William Davis Ardagh | 1,354 | 44.39 |
| | Liberal | Charles Cook | 1,041 | 34.13 |
| | Liberal | William Lount | 655 | 21.48 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,050 | 69.41 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 4,394 |
| Election voided |||||||||
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
# Chiyeh

Chiyeh (Persian: چيه, also Romanized as Chīyeh) is a village in Itivand-e Jonubi Rural District, Kakavand District, Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 196, in 42 families.
# Offaly East

Offaly East (Irish: Uíbh Fhailí Thoir; sometimes spelled Ophaly) is a barony in County Kildare, Ireland.

## Etymology

Offaly East takes its name from the Kingdom of Uí Failghe. It is not to be confused with County Offaly.

## Location

Offaly East is located in western County Kildare, containing much of The Curragh and the Bog of Allen.

## History

Offaly East was part of the ancient lands of the Ua Conchobhair Failghe (O'Connor Faly). As Lord of Clanmaliere the Ó Diomasaigh (O'Dempsey) held part of this barony. The Offaly barony was divided into west and east baronies before 1807.

## List of settlements

Below is a list of settlements in Offaly East:
* Kildare
* Rathangan
* Suncroft
# Sandy Santori

Sandy Santori (born 1954 or 1955) is a former Canadian politician. Santori served as a BC Liberal Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 2001 to 2005. He had previously served as the mayor of Trail, British Columbia and in his youth was the goalie of the Trail Smoke Eaters Junior Hockey and then the Saint Michaels Buzzers of the OKHL. From there Santori went on to play for the Ivy League Cornell Red on a full hockey scholarship. He represented the riding of West Kootenay-Boundary. He was appointed Minister of Management Services in 2001 and Minister of State for Resource Development in 2004. In January 2005 resigned from the legislature, giving health reasons and a new job as general manager of Rossland-Trail Country Club.
# University of Harderwijk

The University of Harderwijk (1648–1811), also named the Guelders Academy (Latin: Academia Gelro-Zutphanica), was located in the city of Harderwijk, in the Republic of the United Provinces (now: the Netherlands). It was founded by the province of Guelders (Gelre).

## History

The university of Harderwijk was founded during the Dutch Republic by the States of Gelre at the end of the Eighty Years' War, in 1648. The universities of Leiden (1575), Franeker (1585), Groningen (1614) and Utrecht (1636) had already been founded earlier. Harderwijk was the fifth Dutch university. It was always to be small, with never more than sixty new students, and a max of 150 each year.
In the 18th century, the university of Harderwijk attracted students with its low fees. Many students went to Harderwijk to graduate. In the time of Linnaeus, the 18th century Swedish biologist, a doctorate could not be obtained in Sweden, or in many other European countries. Often, graduates went to the Dutch Republic, where the universities had a good reputation. The wealthy usually travelled to Leiden; the less fortunate could go to Harderwijk, where the doctorate was less expensive, and could be attained much faster.
One of the professors of Harderwijk was David de Gorter, who was friends with Linnaeus. He was royal physician to Empress Elizabeth of Russia.
The university was closed in 1811 during the French occupation. Later, king William I tried to re-establish the university, without success.

## Modern culture

In the 1990s, the university became more known to a new audience thanks to the fictional character Prof. Fetze Alsvanouds ("Als vanouds" loosely translated as "like the good old days"), who was played by Aart Staartjes and regularly appeared in the humorous Dutch children's television program Het Klokhuis. Alsvanouds posed as a professor at the University of Harderwijk, and declaimed sundry false and often ridiculous 'scientific' explanations for common things in everyday life for children.

## Notable alumni

Some well-known graduates of the University of Harderwijk are
* Hungarian encyclopedist János Apáczai Csere (1651)
* artist Romeyn de Hooghe (1689)
* explorer Jacob Roggeveen (1690)
* physician and chemist Hieronymus David Gaubius
* physician Herman Boerhaave (1693)
* Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus (1735)
* Hungarian linguist János Uri (1749)
* explorer Robert Jacob Gordon (1759)
* statesman Herman Willem Daendels (1783)
* engineer and general Cornelis Krayenhoff (1784)
* poet A.C.W. Staring (1787)
# Mace (unit)

A mace (Chinese: 錢; pinyin: qián; Hong Kong English usage: tsin; Southeast Asian English usage: chee) is a traditional Chinese measurement of weight in East Asia that was also used as a currency denomination. It is equal to 10 candareens and is 1⁄10 of a tael or approximately 3.78 grams. A troy mace is approximately 3.7429 grams. In Hong Kong, one mace is 3.779936375 grams. and in Ordinance 22 of 1884, it is 2⁄15 ounces avoirdupois. In Singapore, one mace (referred to as chee) is 3.77994 grams.
In imperial China, 10 candareens equaled 1 mace which was 1⁄10 of a tael and, like the other units, was used in weight-denominated silver currency system. A common denomination was 7 mace and 2 candareens, equal to one silver Chinese yuan.

## Name

Like other similar measures such as tael and catty, the English word "mace" derives from Malay, in this case through Dutch maes, plural masen, from Malay mas which, in turn, derived from Sanskrit māṣa (माष), a word related to "mash," another name for the urad bean, and masha, a traditional Indian unit of weight equal to 0.97 gram. This word is unrelated to other uses of "mace" in English.
The Chinese word for mace is qián (Chinese: 錢), which is also a generic word for "money" in Mandarin Chinese. The same Chinese character (kanji) was used for the Japanese sen, the former unit equal to 1⁄100 of a Japanese yen, the Korean chŏn (revised: jeon), the former unit equal to 1⁄100 of a Korean won, and for the Vietnamese tiền, a currency used in late imperial Vietnam, although none of these has ever been known as "mace" in English.
# Yontukyazı, Beşiri

Yontukyazı (Kurdish: Cinesker) is a village in the Beşiri District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Elîkan tribe and had a population of 631 in 2021.
# Katahari Rural Municipality

Katahari Gaupalika rural municipality (Nepali: कटहरी गाउँपालिका), established in 2017, is a Gaupalika (rural municipality) located in the Morang District of the Kosi Zone in Province No. 1 of Nepal.

## Geography

Katahari, Thalaha and Bhaudaha VDCs were incorporated into Katahari Gaupalika.
This rural municipality has an area of 51.59 km$^2$. The population as of 2017 is 39,775.
The office of the Katahari Gaupalika rural municipality is in the town of Katahari, where the former Village development committee−VDC office was also.
# River Eea

The River Eea (/ˈiːə/) is a small river in the Lake District, Cumbria, England running through the Furness region, which until 1974 was part of Lancashire. It is a relatively short system that arises from numerous small becks and streams throughout the Cartmel Valley. Its course is approximately 10 km long and its mouth is on Sand Gate marshes near Flookburgh, between Barrow and Kendal. It principally flows in a south-westerly direction.

## Geography

The river's source is a spring in the hills, meaning it flows all year round. Its upper course is called Whitestone Beck. The river's main tributaries are Muddypool and Ayside Beck, which converge above Cartmel.
The river rises near High Cark in Newton Fell and the Whitestone Enclosure, and is soon fed by Black Beck (emanating from Fair Rigg south of Staveley-in-Cartmel) and Ayside Pool (rising above Ayside).
From there, the River Eea runs past Green Bank and through Cartmel and Cark before flowing via Sand Gate Marsh into the estuary of the River Leven at Lenibrick Point, close to Chapel Island. The section above Cark has been re-routed to serve as a water supply to Cark Mill, and there is a branch serving a farm near the railway station. The original use was to drive a water wheel at the cotton mill, but about 1800 a steam engine was added to pump water back up to the upper leat to redouble the supply. The Engine Inn in Cark was named from this local detail. The river is now used as a fieldwork study point for the Castle Head Field Studies Centre where students can measure variables of the river such as the stream velocity, width, depth, turbidity, pebble roundedness, sinuosity etc.
The name may be derived from plenty of eels gathering in its lower course during high tides ("eea" was a Viking word for eel), or from the Old Cumbrian "ia" (ice), or the Old English "ēa" (a river).

## Geology

To the west of the catchment area the rock is mainly slate, but to the east there are deposits of limestone. Sinkholes in the limestone can cause the river to disappear for some time.

## Fishing

The river is stocked with brown trout, but wild brown and sea trout are also found and fished from the river.
# Vladislav Larin

Vladislav Vladimirovich Larin (Russian: Владислав Владимирович Ларин, IPA:; born 7 October 1995) is a Russian taekwondo fighter, Olympic, World and European Champion, and fivefold Grand Prix series winner.
Larin initially qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics as an Individual Neutral Athlete (AIN), but the International Olympic Committee did not declare him neutral and he was not invited to the Games as a result.

## Early life

Vladislav Larin was born 7 October 1995 in the village of Kotkozero, Karelia. When he was five, his family moved to Petrozavodsk, the capital of Karelia. He practiced artistic gymnastics before receiving a longtime hand injury at the age of 5, urging him to discontinue. In 2002, he switched to taekwondo, attending and graduating from the Institute for Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Petrozavodsk State University, where he practiced taekwondo.

## Personal life

On 16 August 2020, Larin married ninefold Russian poomse taekwondo champion Anastasia. Their wedding took place in Karelia.

## Political stance

Larin was among the two Russian athletes barred from entering the 2023 World Taekwondo Championships due to his explicit support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Larin shot a video in which he called on people to donate for the mobilized Russian soldiers. In October 2023, the Security Service of Ukraine was considering opening a case against Larin whom they accused of financing terrorism and encroachment on the territorial integrity and inviolability of Ukraine. On October 18, Larin was added to the Myrotvorets list.
# Leslie Curtis

Leslie Roy Curtis (October 27, 1895 – January 16, 1980) was a lawyer and politician in Newfoundland. He represented Twillingate in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1949 to 1971.
The son of the Reverend Dr. Levi Curtis and Lillie B. Black, he was born in Twillingate and was educated at the Methodist College in St. John's. He studied law with Richard Squires and was called to the Newfoundland bar in 1920. In 1931, he was named King's Counsel. Curtis had become a senior partner in Squires' law firm by 1935 and he set up his own firm in 1939. He was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1949. Curtis served as Minister of Justice and Attorney General from 1949 to 1966. In 1966, he was named president of the Privy Council.
In 1923, Curtis married Marie E. Kendall.
Curtis was described, in Harold Horwood's biography of Smallwood, as "the only able minister [in Smallwood's first cabinet] who could cope with Smallwood's approach, the toughest, most pragmatic member of the government, and the only one who ever learned to deal with Smallwood as an equal."
# Geison

Geison (Ancient Greek: γεῖσον – often interchangeable with somewhat broader term cornice) is an architectural term of relevance particularly to ancient Greek and Roman buildings, as well as archaeological publications of the same. The geison is the part of the entablature that projects outward from the top of the frieze in the Doric order and from the top of the frieze course (or sometimes architrave) of the Ionic and Corinthian orders; it forms the outer edge of the roof on the sides of a structure with a sloped roof. The upper edge of the exterior often had a drip edge formed as a hawksbeak molding to shed water; there were also typically elaborate moldings or other decorative elements, sometimes painted. Above the geison ran the sima. The underside of the geison may be referred to as a soffit. The form of a geison (particularly the Hawksbeak molding of the outer edge) is often used as one element of the argument for the chronology of its building.

## Horizontal geison

The horizontal geison runs around the full perimeter of a Greek temple, projecting from the top of the entablature to protect it from the elements and as a decorative feature. Horizontal geisa may be found in other ancient structures that are built according to one of the architectural orders. The horizontal sima (with its antefixes and water-spouts) ran above the horizontal geison along the sides of a building, acting as a rain gutter and final decoration.

### Doric order

In the Doric order, the sloped underside of the horizontal geison is decorated with a series of protruding, rectangular mutules aligned with the triglyphs and metopes of the Doric frieze below. Each mutule typically had three rows of six guttae (decorative conical projections) protruding from its underside. The gaps between the mutules are termed viae (roads). The effect of this decoration was to thematically link the entire Doric entablature (architrave, frieze, and geisa) with a repeating pattern of vertically and horizontally aligned architectural elements. Use of the hawksbill molding at the top of the projecting segment is common, as is the undercutting of the lower edge to aid in dispersing rainwater. In order to separate the geison from the frieze visually, there is typically a bed molding aligned with the face of the triglyphs.

### Ionic and Corinthian orders

Horizontal geisa of these orders relied on moldings rather than the mutules of the Doric order for their decoration.

## Raking geison

A raking geison ran along the top edge of a pediment, on a temple or other structure such as the aedicula of a scaenae frons (theater stage building). This element was typically less decorative than the horizontal geison, and often of a differing profile from the horizontal geison of the same structure. The difference is particularly marked in the Doric order, where the raking geison lacks the distinctive mutules. The raking sima ran over the raking geison as a decorative finish and, essentially, a rain gutter.