OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Martuba Airbase

Martuba Airbase is a Libyan Air Force (Arabic: القوات الجوية الليبية, Berber: Adwas Alibyan Ujnna) base in the Derna District of Libya, located approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) south-southeast of Derna, and 268 kilometres (167 mi) east-northeast of Benghazi.

## History

During World War II the airfield, then known as Martuba Airfield, was used as a military airfield by the United States Army Air Force 57th Fighter Group, during the North African Campaign against Axis forces. The 57th flew P-40 Warhawks from the airfield 16 November-3 December 1942.
Following the British victory at El Alamein during the Second World War, the airfield at Maturba saw heavy fighting in 1942, as Rommel's Afrika Korps was pushed back from the Egyptian border.

## Military use

The airbase's primary use is by the Libyan Air Force, which has two sections at the base. The first section contains the main buildings and the hangars that house Mil Mi-2 and Mil Mi-8 helicopters. The second section is the flight-line containing taxiways, a ramp, and a single runway. The runway has an additional 300 metres (980 ft) paved overrun on each end.
An Aeritalia G.222 is stored on the ramp, but this section of the base appears to be a reserve facility.

## Civilian use

The site is also used for the transportation of oil field workers from production facilities in the area.
# ŽKK Vrbas

Ženski košarkaški klub Vrbas (Serbian Cyrillic: Женски кошаркашки клуб Врбас, English: Women's Basketball Club Vrbas) is a Serbian women's basketball team from Vrbas, Serbia. The club currently plays in Serbian first league.

## History

Vrbas was founded in 1975. He began working as a school section of the high school "Žarko Zrenjanin," which was led by Professor Zdravko Bjelica, to the same year became the club. The first coach was Peter Kankaraš. With more or less success, the club has been functioning for 40 years.
At the end of the 80s competed in the Yugoslav Second Federal League which then played in venues all over Yugoslavia. Since 2011 ŽKK Vrbas is a member of the Serbian first league, and their teams had players who were on the scene for team, Tijana Ajduković, Nataša Mijatović, Ivana Jovović, Tijana Cukić, Tamara Rajić, etc.

## Honours

National Cups – 0
* Milan Ciga Vasojević Cup:
** Runners-up (1) : 2016

## Arena

Teodora Sarić

## Notable former players

* Tijana Ajduković
* Nataša Mijatović
* Ivana Jovović
* Tijana Cukić
* Tamara Rajić
* Nataša Bučevac
* Jovana Vukoje
* Tatjana Živanović
# Counts of Winterthur

The Counts of Winterthur were a Swabian noble family, a branch of the Udalrichinger dynasty, who ruled parts of Thurgau in the 10th and 11th centuries. They are named for the Alemannic settlement at Vitudurum, but their rule predates the foundation of the city of Winterthur in 1180.

## History

The first count of Winterthur was Liutfried II (fl.970s), third son of Udalrich VI of Bregenz (d. 955). This Liutfried likely built the first Kyburg castle in the later 10th century. He was succeeded by his son Adalbert I (d. 8 September 1030).
Liutfried's younger son Werner of Kyburg (d. 17 August 1030, not to be confused with his grandson Werner I of Winterthur) was a friend of Ernest II, Duke of Swabia, who after his failed against emperor Conrad II sought refuge in Kyburg castle. Conrad besieged and destroyed the castle and both Ernest and Werner managed to flee to Falkenstein castle in Schramberg, where they were killed by troops of Warmann, bishop of Constance.
Adalbert's son Werner I (c. 990–1040) (de) was appointed landgrave in Hessengau (Maden) by Conrad II in 1027 before succeeding his father as count in 1030. Werner was bearer of the Reichsfahne (imperial flag) under Conrad II and Henry III and he died in the battle at Brůdek against Bretislav I.
The last count of Winterthur was Adalbert II (c. 1025–1053), the second son of Werner I. Adalbert died without a male heir, and the title passed to Hartmann I, count of Dillingen, who married Adalbert's daughter Adelheid in 1065.
# Walter Knabenhans

Walter "Willi" Knabenhans (15 February 1906 – April 1990) was a Swiss cyclist. He competed in the sprint event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Amsa-dong

Amsa-dong (Korean: 암사동) is a dong (neighbourhood) of Gangdong District, Seoul, South Korea. The dong is well known for the Amsa-dong Prehistoric Settlement Site, in which Neolithic remains were excavated after a large amount of diagonal-line patterned earthenware(빗살무늬토기) was exposed by a flood in 1925. It is thought to be a Jomonic settlement which existed prior to the spread of Songgukri-cultural sphere in Korean peninsula during the Korean bronze age. In Amsa Sam-dong, a festival named Amsa sunsa cultural festival is hold annually and parade is performed. It has a subway station of Seoul metropolitan subway 8th line, which functions as the last station of the line. There is only one high school in Amsa-dong named Sunsa highschool. The neighborhood is also known for its large traditional market. Amsa dong is divided in three, Amsa il-dong, Amsa I-dong, Amsa Sam-dong, and community centre is present in every one of these divisions..
# Cosmas Zachos

Cosmas K. Zachos (Greek: Κοσμάς Ζάχος; born 1951) is a theoretical physicist. He was educated in physics (undergraduate A.B. 1974) at Princeton University, and did graduate work in theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology (Ph.D. 1979 ) under the supervision of John Henry Schwarz.
Zachos is an emeritus staff member in the theory group of the High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory. He is considered an authority on the subject of phase-space quantization. His early research involved, jointly, the introduction of renormalization geometrostasis, and the so-called FFZ Lie algebra of noncommutative geometry. His thesis work revealed a balancing repulsive gravitational force present in extended supergravity.
He is co-author of treatises on quantum mechanics in phase space, a Fellow of the American Physical Society, and a Fellow of the Institute of Physics.
He is adjunct professor of physics at the University of Miami and the brother of theoretical computer scientist Stathis Zachos. He is married to biostatistician Sue Leurgans.
# Nikolaos Vokos

Nikolaos Vokos (Greek: Νικόλαος Βώκος; c. 1854 – August 7, 1902) was a Greek painter of the Munich School art movement.

## Biography

Descended from the Arvanite Vokos family of Hydra, he was the son of Emmanouil Miaoulis and a grandson of Admiral Andreas Vokos Miaoulis. He was initially enrolled in the Cadet School, but on discovering his passion for painting he left it to study at the Athens School of Fine Arts from 1874 until 1878. In 1885, after a competition, he won a scholarship to continue his studies in Munich under Nicholaos Gysis, Ludwig Löfftz, and Andreas Müller. He remained in Munich for 16 years, running a painting school, until where he became ill and returned to Athens in 1902. He died on August 7, 1902, at Palaio Faliro, Athens.

## Work

Vokos used several motifs, especially realistic still life. He participated in relatively few exhibitions: Munich 1898, Paris 1900, Athens at the Parnassos Club at 1901, etc. Among his more notable prize-winning paintings are the Fisherman (Ιχθυοπώλης), which won the Chicago Award, Epitrapezion (Επιτραπέζιον) which was bought and exhibited at the palace of the Bavarian prince regent Luitpold.
# Never Ever (2016 film)

Never Ever (French: À jamais) is a 2016 mystery romance film directed by Benoît Jacquot, starring Mathieu Amalric and Julia Roy. Roy also wrote the screenplay for the film, based on Don DeLillo's novel The Body Artist. The film had its world premiere at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival on 9 September 2016.

## Plot

A performance artist Laura meets a film director Rey. The two fall in love and get married. After Rey dies of a motorcycle accident, Laura feels alone in her house.

## Cast

* Mathieu Amalric as Rey
* Julia Roy as Laura
* Jeanne Balibar as Isabelle
* Victória Guerra as Marie
* Elmano Sancho as the producer
* José Neto as the owner
* Hugo Pedro as journalist

## Production

In 2013, it was reported that Luca Guadagnino would direct a film adaptation of Don DeLillo's novel The Body Artist and Isabelle Huppert, Denis Lavant, and David Cronenberg would star in the film. In 2015, it was reported that Benoît Jacquot would direct the film and Mathieu Amalric and Jeanne Balibar would star in the film. In that year, it was reported that Julia Roy had joined the cast. Roy also wrote the screenplay for the film. Filming took place in Portugal.

## Release

The film had its world premiere at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival on 9 September 2016. It was also screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival and the 29th Tokyo International Film Festival. It was released in France on 23 November 2016.

## Reception

Guy Lodge of Variety called the film "an enjoyably slinky but disposable divertissement from director Benoit Jacquot that is unlikely to leave viewers quite as haunted as its characters." Neil Young of The Hollywood Reporter commented that "it palpably aspires to be a classily highbrow kind of romantic ghost story with psychological thriller undertones, but falls laughably short of its goals."
# Avinash Chander

Avinash Chander is an Indian politician and belongs to Bharatiya janata party (BJP). He was the member of Punjab Legislative Assembly and represented Kartarpur (2007-2012) and Phillaur ( 2012-2017) from Shiromani Akali Dal. He was also the chief parliamentary secretary for Higher Education & Languages department. In 2022, he joined BJP and now he is the member of core committee Punjab.

## Family

His father's name is Mool Raj. His grandfather's name is Seth Kishan Dass.

## Political career

Avinash Chander was first elected to Punjab Legislative Assembly from Kartarpur in 2007 by defeating Chaudhary Jagjit singh. In 2012, he successfully contested from the new constituency Phillaur and defeated Santokh singh chaudhary. In 2022, he joined BJP and now he is the member of the core committee Punjab.
# Otto Pflanze

Otto Paul Pflanze (April 1, 1918 – March 3, 2007) was an American historian. He was one of the leading historians of 19th century German history. He is perhaps best known for his biographies and writing on the German politician Otto von Bismarck.

## Life

Pflanze was the son of Otto Paul Pflanze (1885-1944) and Katrine Mills Pflanze (1886-1959). He attended Maryville College and Yale University before his graduate education at Yale was interrupted by World War II, where he served in the Pacific Theater in the Army Air Corps as an intelligence officer documenting the war effort. After the end of the war, Pflanze worked for the State Department and was in the Berlin Airlift accompanying the delivery of supplies in 1948, before finally resuming his graduate studies at Yale. He received his PhD in 1950, and taught at the following institutions (listed in chronological order): New York University, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, University of Illinois, University of Minnesota, Indiana University, and Bard College. From 1970 to 1971, Pflanze was a Scholar in Residence at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. From 1976 to 1985, Pflanze was the Editor of the American Historical Review, headquartered in Bloomington, Indiana.
Considered to be a popular Modern German History Professor by many of his students, peers, and colleagues, Pflanze often included slides, maps, and other visual aids into his lectures and teaching.

## Personal

In 1951, Pflanze married Hertha Haberlander in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and they had three children: Stephen (born in Amherst, Massachusetts), Charles (born in Hamburg, Germany), and Katrine (born in Champagne-Urbana, Illinois). In 2007, Pflanze died peacefully from natural causes with family by his side at age 88.

## Awards

Pflanze won a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966. He won the McKnight Foundation Award for Bismarck and the Development of Germany, Volume I in 1963. Pflanze won the Einhard Prize in 1999 for Bismarck, Der Reichskanzler Volumes I & II, (C.H. Beck) the 1997-98 German translation of a revised and expanded edition.
# Mahalina

Mahalina is a municipality (French: commune, Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antsiranana II, which is a part of Diana Region. According to 2001 census, the population of Mahalina was 2,217.
The majority 95% of the population are farmers. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are banana and coconut. Fishing employs the rest 5% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
12°32′S 48°49′E﻿ / ﻿12.533°S 48.817°E﻿ / -12.533; 48.817
* This Diana Region of Madagascar location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Coenagrion mercuriale

Coenagrion mercuriale, the southern damselfly, is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Algeria, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Morocco, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, and the United Kingdom. Its natural habitats are rivers and freshwater springs. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The specific part of the scientific name, mercuriale, is because of the distinctive markings on the second segment of the abdomen that resembles the astrological symbol for the planet Mercury - ☿. This also gives the species an alternative common name of mercury bluet.

## Habitat

They require areas of open vegetation, mixed with slow flowing water in which to lay their eggs.
The larvae spend 2 years underwater before emerging as damselflies.

## Status in the United Kingdom

It is thought that 25% of the world population exists within the United Kingdom but it has declined by 30% since 1960 due to changes in grazing, land drainage and water abstraction.
Places where they are found include the New Forest, Hampshire, Oxfordshire and the Preseli Hills, Pembrokeshire, where work was being carried out in 2015 to improve habitat, work that was reported in 2020 as successful. In 2009, 500 adults were captured and released in the Venn Ottery nature reserve in Devon. This nature reserve is owned and managed by the Devon Wildlife Trust and grazing has been re-introduced there to help encourage this species which had not been recorded there since 1988.
The species is protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.
* male, Crockford Stream, Hampshire no spur on S9
* male, Crockford Stream, Hampshire two spurs on S9

## Sources

* ↑ De Knijf, G., Billqvist, M., van Grunsven, R.H.A., Prunier, F., Vinko, D. & Boudot, J.-P. (2023). "Coenagrion mercuriale". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T203582437A220527463. Retrieved 24 October 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* ↑ Costantino D’Antonio and Francesca Vegliante. "Derivatio nominis libellularum europæarum" (PDF) (in Italian). Retrieved 3 August 2010.
* ↑ "Checklist, English common names". DragonflyPix.com. Archived from the original on 4 December 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
* ↑ "Conservationists restore habitat for endangered species". Western Telegraph. 12 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
* ↑ "Southern damselfly boosted in Pembrokeshire by 'fantastic' conservation". BBC. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
* ↑ "Southern damselflies released into Devon nature reserve". wildlifeextra.com. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
* ↑ "Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
# FC Energiya Volzhsky

FC Energiya Volzhsky (Russian: ФК "Энергия Волжский") is an association football club from Volzhsky, Russia, founded in 1956. It plays in the Russian Amateur Football League. It spent several seasons in the Russian First Division in the 1990s. In the past, the team was called Torpedo Volzhsky (1976–1977 and 1980–2007) and Trud Volzhsky (1978–1979).
# Olenia

Olenia (Greek: Ωλενία) is a former municipality in Achaea, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality West Achaea, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 189.534 km$^2$. Population 4,303 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in Lousika. The municipality is named after the ancient Achaean town Olenus.

## Subdivisions

The municipal unit Olenia is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):
* Achaiko
* Agios Nikolaos Kralis (Kalamaki, Agios Nikolaos, Avgeraiika, Thomaiika, Poimenochori)
* Agios Stefanos (Agios Stefanos, Palaia Peristera, Fylakes)
* Ano Soudenaiika
* Arla
* Chaikali (Chaikali, Katsaitaiika, Kounelaiika)
* Charavgi (Charavgi, Neochori, Pigadia)
* Flokas (Flokas, Zisimaiika)
* Fostaina
* Galanaiika
* Gkaneika
* Kato Mazaraki
* Lousika (Lousika, Spaliaraiika, Ypsili Rachi)
* Mitopoli (Mitopoli, Komi, Souvaliotaiika)
* Portes
* Santomeri (Santomeri, Ampelakia, Polylofo)
# Nomos Alpha

Nomos Alpha (Greek:Νόμος α΄) is a piece for solo cello composed by Iannis Xenakis in 1965, commissioned by Radio Bremen for cellist Siegfried Palm, and dedicated to mathematicians Aristoxenus of Tarentum, Évariste Galois, and Felix Klein. This piece is an example of a style of music called, by Xenakis, symbolic music – a style of music which makes use of set theory, abstract algebra, and mathematical logic in order to create and analyze musical compositions. Along with symbolic music, Xenakis is known for his development of stochastic music.
During his lifetime, Xenakis was a vocal critic of modern Western music since the development of polyphony for its diminished set of outside-time structures, especially when compared to folk and the Byzantine musical traditions. This perceived incompleteness of Western music was the main impetus for the development of symbolic music and for composing Nomos Alpha, his most well-known example of the genre.
Nomos Alpha consists of 24 sections divided into two layers. The first layer consists of every section not divisible by four, while the second layer consists of every fourth section.

## Layer 1

Layer 1 of Nomos Alpha is determined by the 24-element octahedral group isomorphic to the rotations of a cube. The elements of the set are permutations and the binary operator is composition.

## Layer 2

Layer 2 of Nomos Alpha—in contrast to Layer 1—is not determined by group theory, but is instead, a "continuous motion of registral evolution".
# Erwin Rösener

Erwin Friedrich Karl Rösener (2 February 1902 – 4 September 1946) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) commander during the Nazi era. During World War II, he was responsible for mass executions of civilians in Slovenia. Rösener was put on trial for war crimes and sentenced to death on 30 August 1946, then executed by hanging on 4 September 1946. He was posthumously included in the indictment at the Nuremberg Trials for war crimes.

## Early life and SS career

Rösener was born on 2 February 1902 in Schwerte, a town in the Westphalia. He joined the Nazi Party and the Sturmabteilung ("Brownshirts") paramilitary group on 6 November 1926. He applied to join the SS in October 1929 (his application was accepted in 1930). He was promoted 11 times between 1930 and 1944, eventually finishing with the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS and Police. He was a member of the Freundeskreis der Wirtschaft, or "Circle of Friends of the Economy", a group of German industrialists whose aim was to raise funds for racial research within Nazi Germany. He was a close associate of SS chief Heinrich Himmler, and reported directly to him during the war.

## War crimes in Yugoslavia

From the end of 1941 to the end of the war Himmler assigned Rösener as the Higher SS and Police Leader for SS-Oberabschnitt Alpenland, part of whose territory was Slovenia. Between October 1944 and the end of the war he was head of anti-Partisan warfare in Ljubljana. During both assignments he ordered the execution of civilians, hostages and prisoners of war, actions which led to his name being on the indictment for war crimes at Nuremberg.
Rösener worked closely with Leon Rupnik in fighting the Partisans, and ordered the formation of the pro-Nazi Domobranci, the Slovenian Home Guard forces on 24 September 1943.
Rösener escaped to Austria after the war but was arrested by the British and returned to Yugoslavia. He was put on trial alongside Leon Rupnik and others, and was sentenced to death on 30 August 1946. He was executed by hanging on 4 September 1946, aged 44, and was buried the same day in an unmarked grave at Ljubljana's Žale cemetery.

## Gallery

* SS Lieutenant-General Erwin Rösener giving medals to Slovene Home Guard soldiers, c. 1944
* SD Inspector-General Leon Rupnik, Bishop Gregorij Rožman, and SS-General Erwin Rösener
* SD Inspector-General Leon Rupnik, Bishop Gregorij Rožman and SS-General Erwin Rösener inspect Slovene Home Guard troops, after the second oath of allegiance, 30 January 1945.
# Samui Centre of Learning

13°48′34″N 100°33′46″E﻿ / ﻿13.809378°N 100.562732°E﻿ / 13.809378; 100.562732
Samui Centre of Learning (Thai: โรงเรียนนานาชาติเอสซีแอล, RTGS: Rong Rian Nana Chat Aet Si Aaen), Koh Samui, Thailand, (SCL) closed permanently in April 2018. It was an international school established in 2004 by Phillip Olson, Rachel Anderson and Roz Thompson. The school offered a mixed international curriculum from nursery to secondary (nursery-Year 11). Samui Centre of Learning is the longest-running international school and an examination centre on Koh Samui.

## Curriculum

Samui Centre of Learning operated within an international curriculum framework. Children received an hour of Thai language tuition every day and learn about Thai Culture, Thai Music and Thai Dancing.
Most classes were taught by teaching staff holding either a PGCE, Bachelor of Education or, latterly, TEFL and were predominantly foreign nationals. Where necessary, children received EAL (English as an additional language) support from qualified TEFL teachers.

### Levels/Classes

* Foundation Stage: Foundation Stage 1-2
* Primary Key Stage 1: Year 1-2
* Primary Key Stage 2: Year 3-6
* Secondary Key Stage 3: Year 7-9
* Secondary Key Stage 4: Year 10-11
* Secondary Key Stage 5: Year 12-14

## Facilities

Samui Centre of Learning had air-conditioned classrooms, a science lab, a library and an ICT suite. The school building sat alongside the playground and a small playing field.
# List of honorary citizens of Paris

Among the recipients of the honorary citizenship of Paris (French: citoyen d'honneur de Paris) are:
* Íngrid Betancourt - Colombian politician who was kidnapped in 2001.
* Gilad Shalit - Israeli soldier who was kidnapped in 2006 by Palestinian militants and held by Hamas.
* Mumia Abu-Jamal - African-American who was convicted and sentenced to death for the 1981 murder of police officer Daniel Faulkner. Before his arrest he was a Black Panther Party activist and journalist.
* Raoni Metuktire - chief of the Kayapo people, which live in the Amazon rainforest on the territory of Brazil.
* Aung San Suu Kyi - Burmese opposition politician and chairperson of the National League for Democracy (NLD) in Burma.
* Taslima Nasrin - Bangladeshi author and human rights campaigner.
* Charlie Hebdo - French satirical weekly newspaper, whose employees were killed during the Islamist terrorist attack on 7 January 2015.
* Oleg Sentsov - Ukrainian filmmaker who is serving a 20-year prison sentence in Russia since 2015.
* Winston Churchill - British prime minister during WWII (received the honour 12 November 1944)
* Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva - President of Brazil 2003 - 2010, 2023-present.