OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rayleigh (unit)

The rayleigh is a unit of photon flux, used to measure faint light emitted in the sky, such as airglow and auroras. It was first proposed in 1956 by Donald M. Hunten, Franklin E. Roach, and Joseph W. Chamberlain. It is named for Robert Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh (1875–1947). Its symbol is R (also used for the röntgen, an unrelated unit). SI prefixes are used with the rayleigh.
One rayleigh (1 R) is defined as a column emission rate of 10$^{10}$ photons per square metre per column per second. A column is one centimeter cross-section. The rayleigh is a unit of an apparent emission rate, without allowances being made for scattering or absorption. The night sky has an intensity of about 250 R, while auroras can reach values of 1000 kR.
The relationship between photon radiance, L, (with unit photon per square metre per second per steradian) and I (with unit rayleigh) is: $I=4\pi ~\mathrm {sr} \times L\times {\frac {\mathrm {R} }{\mathrm {10^{10}~photon{\cdot }m^{-2}{\cdot }s^{-1}} }}$
1 rayleigh can thus be expressed in SI units as either:
* 10$^{10}$ photons s$^{−1}$ (m$^2$ column)$^{−1}$
* 1/4π 10$^{10}$ photons s$^{−1}$ m$^{−2}$ sr$^{−1}$
# Panhypersebastos

The title of panhypersebastos (Greek: πανυπερσέβαστος, lit. 'venerable above all') was a Byzantine court title created by Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) using the imperial root sebastos (the Greek translation of Augustus). It was always conferred to members of aristocratic families closely allied to the imperial family.
Michael Taronites, Alexios I's brother-in-law, was first awarded this title and regarded as almost equal to a Caesar. Under the Komnenian emperors, panhypersebastos was one of the titles accorded to the emperor's sons-in-law (gambroi): the husband of the eldest daughter received the title of Caesar, the husband of the second daughter became panhypersebastos, and those of the third and fourth received the titles of protosebastohypertatos and sebastohypertatos respectively.
The title remained very important through to the Palaiologan era, coming right after the Caesar, but under Andronikos III Palaiologos (r. 1328–1341), when the future emperor John VI Kantakouzenos was named megas domestikos, the latter office was raised above the panhypersebastos.
According to Pseudo-Kodinos, writing after the middle of the 14th century, the panhypersebastos was distinguished by the yellow colour of his clothing: his shoes, his mantle (tamparion), as well as his saddle, were all yellow, decorated with gold braid. Otherwise his costume resembled that of the megas domestikos, i.e., a skiadion hat in red and gold, decorated with embroideries in the klapoton style, with a veil and pendants in the same style. Alternatively, a domed skaranikon hat could be worn, again in red and gold, with a portrait of the emperor, standing crowned and flanked by angels, within a circle of pearls, in front. The skaranikon itself was also bordered with pearls. A rich silk tunic, the kabbadion, of two colours, decorated with stripes of gold braid, was also worn, and the staff of office (dikanikion) featured carved knobs, with the first of plain gold, the second of gold bordered with silver braid, the third like the first, the fourth like the second, etc.
# 2nd Nikolskoye, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast

2nd Nikolskoye or Vtoroye Nikolskoye (Russian: 2-е Никольское, Второе Никольское) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Kitayevsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 3 (2010 Census); 2 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Polnaya River (a left tributary of the Seym), 85 km (53 mi) from the Russia–Ukraine border, 29 km (18 mi) south-east of Kursk, 19 km (12 mi) north-east of the district center – the urban-type settlement Medvenka, 3.5 km (2.2 mi) from the selsoviet center – 2nd Kitayevka.

### Climate

2nd Nikolskoye has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

2nd Nikolskoye is located 19 km (12 mi) from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway (a part of the European route E105), 7 km (4.3 mi) from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-236 (M2 "Crimea Highway" – Polevaya), 2 km (1.2 mi) from the road 38H-237 (M2 "Crimea Highway" – Polny – 38N-236), 1.5 km (0.93 mi) from the road 38H-248 (38N-237 – Shumovka with the access road to Lyubimovka), on the road 38H-247 (38N-248 – Lubyanka – 2nd Nikolskoye), 15 km (9.3 mi) from the nearest railway station Polevaya (railway line Klyukva — Belgorod).
The rural locality is situated 30 km (19 mi) from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 94 km (58 mi) from Belgorod International Airport and 199 km (124 mi) from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# William Lucko

William Lucko (January 11, 1911 – October 5, 1998) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal-Progressive from 1949 to 1959.
Born in Hazelridge, Manitoba to Nick Lucko and Pearl Mozel, Ukrainian-Canadian parents, Lucko worked as a general merchant in Hazelglen. He served as the community's school secretary and postmaster. In 1938, he married Anne Nimchuk.
He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the provincial election of 1949, winning an easy victory in the constituency of Springfield. He was re-elected in the 1953 election, and served as a backbench supporter of Douglas Campbell's government.
The Liberal-Progressives lost power in the 1958 provincial election, although Lucko was re-elected by 82 votes over his Progressive Conservative opponent, Oscar Russell. In the 1959 election, he lost his seat to Progressive Conservative Fred Klym by 371 votes.
Lucko attempted to return to the legislature in the provincial elections of 1962 and 1966, but lost to Fred Klym on both occasions. In 1966, he fell to a third-place finish.
He died in Winnipeg at the age of 87.
# Hrabětice

Hrabětice (German: Grafendorf) is a municipality and village in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.
Hrabětice lies approximately 29 kilometres (18 mi) east of Znojmo, 48 km (30 mi) south of Brno, and 204 km (127 mi) south-east of Prague.

## History

The first written mention of Hrabětice is from 1417.
# Ocellus Lucanus

Ocellus Lucanus (Ancient Greek: Ὄκελλος) was allegedly a Pythagorean philosopher, born in Lucania in Magna Graecia in the 6th century BC. Aristoxenus cites him along with another Lucanian by the name of Ocillo, in a work preserved by Iamblichus that lists 218 supposed Pythagoreans, which nonetheless contained some inventions, wrong attributions to non-Pythagoreans, and some names derived from earlier pseudopythagoric traditions.

## Pseudo-Ocellus Lucanus

A pseudepigraphic work, "On the Nature of the Universe", was attributed to him, and the citation of its author nowadays appears as Pseudo-Ocellus Lucanus. In two apocryphal letters that Archytas allegedly sent to Plato, he mentioned that he had talked with the descendants of Ocellus and sent four Ocellus' books to him. Both letters appear to have been forged to authenticate the false treatise, which can be dated to around the 1st century BC. Stobaeus (Ecl. Phys. i. 13) has preserved a fragment of the supposed Περὶ νόμου in the Doric dialect, but the only one of his alleged works which is extant is a short treatise in four chapters in the Ionic dialect generally known as On the Nature of the Universe. Excerpts from this are given in Stobaeus (i. 20), but in Doric. It maintains the doctrine that the universe is uncreated and eternal:
"Every nature that has a progression possesses three boundaries and two intervals. The three boundaries are generation, height of being, and end of being; the intervals are progression from generation to height of being, and from height of being to the end of being. But the universe shows no indications of such boundaries and intervals, for we do not perceive it rising into existence, or becoming; nor growing better and greater; nor become less and worse. Rather, it always continues to persist in the same manner, and is perpetually equal and similar to itself."
Pseudo-Ocellus also asserts that the three great divisions of the universe correspond the three kinds of beings—gods, men and daemons; and, finally, that the human race with all its institutions (the family, marriage and the like) must be eternal. It advocates an ascetic mode of life, with a view to the perfect reproduction of the race and its training in all that is noble and beautiful.
Editions of the Περὶ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς φύσεως, by A. F. Rudolph (1801, with commentary), and by F. W. A. Mullach in Fragmenta philosophorum graecorum, i. (1860); see also Eduard Zeller, History of Greek Philosophy, i. (Eng. trans.), and J de Heyden-Zielewicz in Breslauer philologische Abhandlungen, viii. 3 (1901); and R. Harder, Ocellus Lucanus [Neue philologische Untersuchungen vol. 1. Berlin: Weidmann, 1926. There is an English translation (1831) by Thomas Taylor, the Platonist.
# Sevener

al-Ismāʿīliyya al-khāliṣa / al-Ismāʿīliyya al-wāqifa or Seveners (Arabic: سبعية) was a branch of Ismā'īlī Shīʻa. They broke off from the more numerous Twelvers after the death of Jafar al-Sadiq in 765 AD. They became known as "Seveners" because they believed that Isma'il ibn Ja'far was the seventh and last Imam (hereditary leader of the Muslim community in the direct line of Ali). They believed his son, Muhammad ibn Isma'il, would return and bring about an age of justice as Mahdi. Their most well-known and active branch were the Qarmatians.

## List of Imams

| Imām$^{:90}$ | Sevener al-Ismāʿīliyya al-khāliṣa Imām | Period |
| 1 | Ali – First Ismā'īlī Imām | (632–661) |
| 2 | Hasan ibn Ali – Second Ismā'īlī Imām | (661–669) |
| 3 | Husayn ibn Ali – Third Ismā'īlī Imām | (669–680) |
| 4 | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin – Fourth Ismā'īlī Imām | (680–713) |
| 5 | Muhammad al-Baqir – Fifth Ismā'īlī Imām | (713–733) |
| 6 | Ja'far al-Sadiq – Sixth Ismā'īlī Imām | (733–765) |
| 7 | Isma'il ibn Ja'far – Seventh Ismā'īlī Imām | (765–775) |
Sometimes "Sevener" is used to refer to Ismā'īlīs overall, though mainstream Musta'li and Nizari Isma'ilis have far more than seven imams.

## Ismaili imams who were not accepted as legitimate by Seveners

The following Ismaili imams after Mahdi had been considered as heretics of dubious origins by certain Qarmatian groups who refused to acknowledge the imamate of the Fatimids and clung to their belief in the coming of the Mahdi.
* Abadullah ibn Muhammad (Ahmad al-Wafi) (813–829)
* Ahmad ibn Abadullah (Muhammad at-Taqi) (829–840)
* Husayn ibn Ahmad (Radi Abdullah) (840–881)
* Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah (881–934) (Founder of Fatimid Caliphate)
# Myroliubiv

Myroliubiv (Ukrainian: Миролюбів), until May 2016 Zhovtneve (Ukrainian: Жовтневе), is a rural settlement in Korosten Raion, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. Population: 576 (2022 estimate) In 2001, population was 671.

## History

On 21 May 2016, Verkhovna Rada adopted decision to rename Zhovtneve to Myroliubiv according to the law prohibiting names of Communist origin.
Until 26 January 2024, Myroliubiv was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Myroliubiv became a rural settlement.
# Alexandros Nikolaidis

Alexandros Nikolaidis (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Νικολαϊδης, 17 October 1979 – 14 October 2022) was a Greek taekwondo athlete. He was named the 2008 Greek Male Athlete of the Year. Initially the home favorite, he won the silver medal at the 2004 Olympics held in Athens after losing to Moon Dae-Sung of South Korea in the gold medal match.
On 24 March 2008, Alexandros Nikolaidis had the honour to be the first torch-bearer of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay.
Later in the same year on 11 April, he won the European Championship in Rome.
At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Nikolaidis won another Olympic silver medal in the +80 kg category, after losing to Cha Dong-Min of South Korea in the final.
In July 2011, he managed to secure a place at the 2012 Olympic Games by placing third in the 2011 World Taekwondo Olympic Qualification Tournament in Baku, Azerbaijan by defeating Liu Xiaobo of China in the 3rd place play-off. He carried the flag for Greece during the Parade of Nations at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.
On 11 August 2012, Nikolaidis began and ended his Olympics participation in a "preliminary round" bout against Bahri Tanrikulu. Nikolaidis lost 7–3 overall.
Nikolaidis retired in 2014. He died on 14 October 2022, at the age of 42. Nikolaidis had been suffering from an "extremely rare" form of cancer for two years prior to his death.

## Personal

His family hails from Mavrovouni Pella. Nikolaidis was married to Ruxi Dumitrescu and they had one son. In 2016 he was married to the journalist Dora Tsampazi, and they had two children.
# Çayraz, Haymana

Çayraz is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Haymana, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 149 (2022).

## Geography

It is 65 km to Ankara province and 8 km to Haymana district. The neighborhood is mostly mountainous. It has continental climate characteristics as climate.
# S. L. Dharmegowda

Sarapanahalli Lakshmaiah Dharme Gowda (16 December 1955 – 28 December 2020) was an Indian politician from Karnataka state, belonging to Janata Dal (Secular) party. He was Deputy Chairman and Member of the Karnataka Legislative Council.

## Death

On December 29, 2020, Dharme Gowda was found dead on a railway track in Karnataka’s Chikamagaluru district.
Police have found the suicide note which more likely looks like a Property Will wherein Dharme Gowda apologized to his mom and his wife, and recorded insights concerning his property and gave other monetary information, encouraging his relatives to finish the new house which was under construction. The case is currently under Investigation.
# Toise

A toise (French pronunciation:; symbol: T) is a unit of measure for length, area and volume originating in pre-revolutionary France. In North America, it was used in colonial French establishments in early New France, French Louisiana (Louisiane), Acadia (Acadie) and Quebec. The related toesa (Portuguese pronunciation:) was used in Portugal, Brazil, and other parts of the Portuguese Empire until the adoption of the metric system.
The name is derived from the Latin tensa brachia, meaning "outstretched arms".

## Definition
### Unit of length

* 1 toise was divided in 6 feet (French: pieds) or 72 inches (pouces) or 864 lines (lignes) in France until 1812.
    In 1799 the metre was defined to be exactly 443.296 lignes or 13,853⁄27,000 toise, with the intention that the metre should equal 1⁄10,000,000 of the distance from the pole to the equator. This had the effect of making the toise approximately 1949.03631 mm.
    According to an article written in 1866, during measurement of various standard length artefacts from several countries, the toise was measured as 1,949.03632 mm.$^{:180}$
    Since before 1394, the standard for the toise of Paris was an iron bar embedded in the wall of the Grand Châtelet. But a little before 1667 the pillar in which the standard was embedded bent and distorted the standard. In 1667 officials constructed a new standard, but there were complaints that the new standard was about 0.5% shorter than the previous one. Nevertheless, the new standard was mandated. The old standard was since called "toise de l'Écritoire".
    From 1668 to 1776 the French standard of length was the Toise of Châtelet, which was fixed outside the Grand Châtelet in Paris. In 1735 two geodetic standards were calibrated against the Toise of Châtelet. One of them, the Toise of Peru, was used for the Spanish-French Geodesic Mission. In 1766 the Toise of Peru became the official standard of length in France and was renamed Toise of the Academy (Toise de l'Académie). In 1799, after the remeasurement of the Paris meridian arc (Méridienne de France) between Dunkirk and Barcelona by Delambre and Mechain, the metre was defined as 3 pieds (feet) and 11.296 lignes (lines) of the Toise of the Academy.
* 1 toise was exactly 2 metres in France between 1812 and 1 January 1840 (mesures usuelles).
* 1 toise = 1.8 metres in Switzerland.
* 1 toesa = 6 feet (Portuguese: pés) = 1.98 m in Portugal.

### Unit of area

* 1 toise was about 3.799 square metres or, of course, a square French toise, as a measure for land and masonry area in France before 10 December 1799.

### Unit of volume

* 1 toise = 8.0 cubic metres (20th century Haiti)
# Abdul Carrupt

Abdul Carrupt (born 28 December 1985) is a professional footballer who currently plays for Swiss club Étoile Carouge. He also holds Swiss citizenship. Born in Switzerland, he represented Guinea-Bissau at international level.
# Isaac Koné

Isaac Koné (born 3 January 1991) is an Ivorian footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Ionikos.

## Club career

Koné trained at Monaco's youth academy and played in the youth level. Following Monaco relegated to Ligue 2 in the 2010–11 Ligue 1, he got a chance to play in the senior squad. However, he was released from his side after the 2011–12 season.
In July 2012, he joined Championnat National side Fréjus Saint-Raphaël.

## International career

He debuts with Ivory Coast U23 on 11 October 2011 against Morocco (0-2).

## Honours
### Ionikos

* Super League Greece 2: 2020–21
# Tekeyeh Taviran-e Sofla

Tekeyeh Taviran-e Sofla (Persian: تكيه طاويران سفلي, also Romanized as Tekeyeh-ye Ţāvīrān-e Soflá; also known as Tekeyeh-ye Soflá) is a village in Sar Firuzabad Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 20 families.
# Hude station

Hude (German: Bahnhof Hude) is a railway station located in Hude, Germany. The station is located on the Oldenburg–Bremen railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn and NordWestBahn. The station has been part of the Bremen S-Bahn since December 2010.

## Train services

The following services currently call at the station:
| Line | Route | Frequency |
| IC 56 | Emden Außenhafen – / Norddeich Mole – Emden – Leer – Bad Zwischenahn – Oldenburg – Hude – Delmenhorst – Bremen – Verden – Nienburg – Hannover – Braunschweig – Magdeburg – Halle – Leipzig | 120 min |
| RE 1 | Norddeich Mole – Emden Hbf – Leer – Bad Zwischenahn – Oldenburg – Hude – Delmenhorst – Bremen – Verden – Nienburg – Wunstorf – Hannover Hbf | 120 min |
| RS3 | Bremen Hbf – Hude – Oldenburg Hauptbahnhof (– Bad Zwischenahn) | 60 min |
| RS30 | Bremen Hbf – Hude – Oldenburg Hauptbahnhof – Bad Zwischenahn | 60 min |
| RS4 | Bremen Hbf – Hude – Oldenburg Hauptbahnhof – Brake – Nordenham | 60 min |
| As of 10 December 2023 |||
# Mandiru, Chabahar

Mandiru (Persian: مانديرو, also Romanized as Māndīrū; also known as Mandevīr) is a village in Polan Rural District, Polan District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 727, in 149 families.
# List of bodyguards

This is a list of notable bodyguards.

## Former military
### United Kingdom

* Duncan Falconer – author and security consultant
* Trevor Rees-Jones – former bodyguard for Dodi Al-Fayed
* Chris Ryan – author and security consultant
* Jacquie Davis – author and female bodyguard

## Former police and security agencies
### Russia

* Viktor Zolotov – former FSO RF bodyguard, Commander-in-chief of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation

### Ukraine

* Mykola Melnychenko – Former SBU officer

### United Kingdom

* James Wallace Beaton – Former Royalty Protection Group officer
* Barry Mannakee – Former Royalty Protection Group officer
* Walter H. Thompson (1890–1978) – bodyguard of Winston Churchill (1921–1945)

### United States

* Clint Hill – former bodyguard for First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy during the Kennedy assassination in Dallas, 1963.
* Timothy J. McCarthy – former bodyguard for Ronald Reagan.

## Civilians
### Ireland

* Fran Cosgrave – former bodyguard for Westlife

### United States

* Chris Boykin – bodyguard on the TV show Rob and Big
* Michael Clarke Duncan – actor
* Mr. T – actor
* Brodus Clay – professional wrestler, best known for his time with WWE, bodyguard for Snoop Dogg
* Shad Gaspard – professional wrestler, best known for his time with WWE
* Sheamus – professional wrestler, best known for his time with WWE, bodyguard for U2 and Bono
* Stan Love – professional basketball player, bodyguard for Brian Wilson
* Denida Grow – female bodyguard, founder of Athena Worldwide and Nannyguards

## Historic

* Satwant Singh and Beant Singh – Bodyguards who assassinated Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
* Sempronius Densus – bodyguard of Piso Licinianus, deputy Roman emperor
* Dian Wei – bodyguard of the warlord Cao Cao
* Porter Rockwell – bodyguard of Joseph Smith Jr.
# Arthur Soetaert

Arthur Joseph Soetaert (April 14, 1913 – September 14, 2006) was a provincial politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1955 to 1959 sitting with the Liberal caucus in opposition.

## Political career

Soetaert ran for a seat to the Alberta Legislature in the 1952 Alberta general election. He ran in the electoral district of St. Albert under the Liberal banner. Soetaert lost to incumbent MLA Lucien Maynard in a hotly contested race finishing a close second with vote transfers in the second count.
Soetaert ran for a second time in the 1955 Alberta general election. He faced Maynard again and ended up winning on the fourth count in vote transfers. He ran for his second term in the 1959 election but was defeated by Social Credit candidate Keith Everitt.
Soetaert died on September 14, 2006.
# Sin Yaw Mg Mg

Sin Yaw Mg Mg or Zinyaw Maung Maung is Burmese film director and film producer. His 2004 film Hlyo-hwat-thaw-hnin or Mystery of Snow was released internationally.

## Biography

His real name is U Lyn Aung. He is son of U Kan Htoo and Daw Khin Ti. He lived at No. 6-A, Myaynigone Plaza, Bargayar Street, Sanchaung Township, Yangon, Myanmar, near the Dagon Center. He was awarded a M.Sc. degree in mathematics in 1983, from the University of Yangon. He entered into the film business as a production manager in 1983, with the film The Second Heartbreak of the Third Age. He became famous with the video Maung (Darling). Between 1989 and 1995, he acted as treasurer, joint secretary and as general secretary for the Myanmar Motion Picture Organization (MMPO).
He married Daw Than Than Sint (aka) May Than Nu, a Myanmar film actress. They have a son together named Min Thant Mg Mg, born on July 3, 1997.

## Filmography
### Film

* Rain Fall In The Orbit Dear NYO 1992
* The Foreign Citizen, Miss HTA 1993
* The Missing Recorded in the History of Heart 1993
* Beyond the Summer 1994
* Too Cruel Forming Hatred? 1995
* Don't Hate of the Ngapali 1999
* Another Side of love 2001
* Mystery of Snow 2004
* The Moon Lotus (Pann Kyar Wutt Hmone) 2011
* Eternal Mother (2017 Myanmar Film)

### Video

* Please do not hesitate darling
* Maung(Darling)
* Never will take revenge
* To a farther place
* Even the greatest ocean has a boundary bank
* The lighted lamp at the ceiling sky
* River Irrawaddy, the supreme witness
* King Lions' forces (power) which will rise up to the sky
* Light Web
* The unmitigated golden country surrounded by the shining stars
* The winter which destroys Monsoon winds
* Home returning of birds flying against wind current
* Could not forget

### VCD

* The journey of Too Big
* Never ending

### DVD

* Symbols of Dramatic Myanmar
# Dziecinów, Otwock County

Dziecinów (Polish:) is a village in Otwock County, Gmina Sobienie-Jeziory. The village covers an area of 6 km$^2$. It has approximately 704 inhabitants (2007). In the village is Voivodship Road 801, Voivodship Road 799 and Voivodship Road 805 and the sports club Wisła Dziecinów. It lies near the Vistula river. From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Siedlce Voivodeship.
* This Masovian Voivodeship location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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