# List of Greek letters

This is a list of letters of the Greek alphabet. The definition of a Greek letter for this list is a character encoded in the Unicode standard that a has script property of "Greek" and the general category of "Letter". An overview of the distribution of Greek letters is given in Greek script in Unicode.

## Letters contained in the Modern Greek Alphabet

Greek Alphabet :
| Αα | Ββ | Γγ | Δδ | Εε | Ζζ | Ηη | Θθ | Ιι | Κκ | Λλ | Μμ | Νν | Ξξ | Οο | Ππ | Ρρ | Σσς | Ττ | Υυ | Φφ | Χχ | Ψψ | Ωω |

## Extensions

| Letter | Name | Notes |
| Ͱͱ | Heta | Archaic letter for voiceless glottal fricative |
| Ͳͳ | Archaic Sampi | Archaic sibilant letter |
| Ϝϝ | Digamma | Archaic letter for /w/ |
| Ͷͷ | Tsan | Pamphylian letter for /w/; alleged sibilant in Arcado-Cypriot |
| Ϻϻ | San | Archaic letter for /s/ |
| Ϸϸ | Sho | Bactrian letter for /ʃ/ |
| Ϙϙ | Archaic Koppa | Letter for /k/ before Ο, Υ, and Ω |
| Ϛϛ | Stigma | Archaic ligature for στ, retained in iconography |
| Ϳϳ | Yot | Greek linguistics, Arvanitika letter for /j/ |
| Ϗϗ | Kai | Ligature abbreviating the word kai |

## Letters with diacritics

| Letter | Name | Notes |
| Άά | Alpha with acute | High pitch on short vowel or rising pitch on long vowel |
| Ὰὰ | Alpha with grave | Archaic letter indicating normal or low pitch |
| ᾶ | Alpha with circumflex | Archaic letter indicating high or falling pitch |
| Ἀἀ | Alpha with smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ἄἄ | Alpha with acute and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ἂἂ | Alpha with grave and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Ἆἆ | Alpha with circumflex and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high or falling pitch |
| Ἁἁ | Alpha with rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ἅἅ | Alpha with acute and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ἃἃ | Alpha with grave and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Ἇἇ | Alpha with circumflex and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high or falling pitch |
| Ᾱᾱ | Alpha with macron | Archaic letter denoting a long vowel |
| Ᾰᾰ | Alpha with breve | Archaic letter denoting a short vowel |
| ᾼᾳ | Alpha with subscript iota | Archaic letter denoting a long diphthong |
| ᾴ | Alpha with subscript iota and acute | Archaic letter denoting a long diphthong with a rising pitch |
| ᾲ | Alpha with subscript iota and grave | Archaic letter denoting a long diphthong with a normal or low pitch |
| ᾷ | Alpha with subscript iota and circumflex | Archaic letter denoting a long diphthong with a high or falling pitch |
| ᾈᾀ | Alpha with subscript iota and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong |
| ᾌᾄ | Alpha with subscript iota and acute and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a rising pitch |
| ᾊᾂ | Alpha with subscript iota and grave and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a normal or low pitch |
| ᾎᾆ | Alpha with subscript iota and circumflex and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a high or falling pitch |
| ᾉᾁ | Alpha with subscript iota and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong |
| ᾍᾅ | Alpha with subscript iota and acute and rough breathing | Archaic letter presence the presence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a rising pitch |
| ᾋᾃ | Alpha with subscript iota and grave and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a normal or low pitch |
| ᾏᾇ | Alpha with subscript iota and circumflex and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a high or falling pitch |
| Έέ | Epsilon with acute | High pitch on short vowel or rising pitch on long vowel |
| Ὲὲ | Epsilon with grave | Archaic letter indicating normal or low pitch |
| Ἐἐ | Epsilon with smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ἔἔ | Epsilon with acute and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ἒἒ | Epsilon with grave and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Ἑἑ | Epsilon with rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ἕἕ | Epsilon with acute and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ἓἓ | Epsilon with grave and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Ε̠ε̠ | Epsilon with macron below | Arvanitika letter for /ə/ |
| Ζ̌ζ̌ | Zeta with caron | Nonstandard letter for Cypriot Greek and Pontic Greek representing /ʒ/ |
| Ζ̇ ζ̇ | Zeta with dot above | Arvanitika letter for /ʒ/ |
| Ήή | Eta with acute | High pitch on short vowel or rising pitch on long vowel |
| Ὴὴ | Eta with grave | Archaic letter indicating normal or low pitch |
| ῆ | Eta with circumflex | Archaic letter indicating high or falling pitch |
| Ἠἠ | Eta with smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ἤἤ | Eta with acute and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ἢἢ | Eta with grave and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Ἦἦ | Eta with circumflex and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high or falling pitch |
| Ἡἡ | Eta with rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ἥἥ | Eta with acute and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ἣἣ | Eta with grave and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Ἧἧ | Eta with circumflex and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high or falling pitch |
| ῌῃ | Eta with subscript iota | Archaic letter denoting a long diphthong |
| ῄ | Eta with subscript iota and acute | Archaic letter denoting a long diphthong with a rising pitch |
| ῂ | Eta with subscript iota and grave | Archaic letter denoting a long diphthong with a normal or low pitch |
| ῇ | Eta with subscript iota and circumflex | Archaic letter denoting a long diphthong with a high or falling pitch |
| ᾘᾐ | Eta with subscript iota and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong |
| ᾜᾔ | Eta with subscript iota and acute and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a rising pitch |
| ᾚᾒ | Eta with subscript iota and grave and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a normal or low pitch |
| ᾞᾖ | Eta with subscript iota and circumflex and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a high or falling pitch |
| ᾙᾑ | Eta with subscript iota and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong |
| ᾝᾕ | Eta with subscript iota and acute and rough breathing | Archaic letter presence the presence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a rising pitch |
| ᾛᾓ | Eta with subscript iota and grave and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a normal or low pitch |
| ᾟᾗ | Eta with subscript iota and circumflex and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a high or falling pitch |
| Ίί | Iota with acute | High pitch on short vowel or rising pitch on long vowel |
| Ὶὶ | Iota with grave | Archaic letter indicating normal or low pitch |
| ῖ | Iota with circumflex | Archaic letter indicating high or falling pitch |
| Ἰἰ | Iota with smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ἴἴ | Iota with acute and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ἲἲ | Iota with grave and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Ἶἶ | Iota with circumflex and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high or falling pitch |
| Ἱἱ | Iota with rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ἵἵ | Iota with acute and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ἳἳ | Alpha with grave and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Ἷἷ | Iota with circumflex and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high or falling pitch |
| Ϊϊ | Iota with diaeresis | Archaic letter denoting separate pronunciation, rather than as a diphthong |
| ΐ | Iota with diaeresis and acute | Archaic letter denoting separate pronunciation, rather than as a diphthong, with a rising pitch |
| ῒ | Iota with diaeresis and grave | Archaic letter denoting separate pronunciation, rather than as a diphthong, with a normal or low pitch |
| ῗ | Iota with diaeresis and circumflex | Archaic letter denoting separate pronunciation, rather than as a diphthong, with a high or falling pitch |
| Ῑῑ | Iota with macron | Archaic letter denoting a long vowel |
| Ῐῐ | Iota with breve | Archaic letter denoting a short vowel |
| Κ̌κ̌ | Kappa with caron | Nonstandard letter for Cypriot Greek representing /c/ and /t͡ʃ/ |
| K̇κ̇ | Kappa with dot above | Arvanitika letter for /c/ |
| Λ̌λ̌ | Lambda with caron | Nonstandard letter for Cypriot Greek representing /ʎ/ |
| Λ̇λ̇ | Lambda with dot above | Arvanitika letter for /ʎ/ |
| Ν̌ν̌ | Nu with caron | Nonstandard letter for Cypriot Greek representing /ɲ/ |
| Ν̇ν̇ | Nu with dot above | Arvanitika letter for /ɲ/ |
| Ξ̌ξ̌ | Xi with caron | Nonstandard letter for Cypriot Greek and Pontic Greek representing /kʃ/ |
| Όό | Omicron with acute | High pitch on short vowel or rising pitch on long vowel |
| Ὸὸ | Omicron with grave | Archaic letter indicating normal or low pitch |
| Ὀὀ | Omicron with smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ὄὄ | Omicron with acute and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ὂὂ | Omicron with grave and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Ὁὁ | Omicron with rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ὅὅ | Omicron with acute and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ὃὃ | Omicron with grave and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Π̌π̌ | Pi with caron | Nonstandard letter for Cypriot Greek representing /pʲ/ |
| ῤ | Rho with smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting /r/, |
| Ῥῥ | Rho with rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting /r̥/ |
| Ṗρ̇ | Rho with dot above | Arvanitika letter for /r/ |
| Σ̌σ̌ς̌ | Sigma with caron | Nonstandard letter for Cypriot Greek and Pontic Greek representing /ʃ/ |
| Σ̈σ̈ | Sigma with diaeresis | Arvanitika letter for /ʃ/ |
| Τ̌τ̌ | Tau with caron | Nonstandard letter for Cypriot Greek representing /c/ |
| Ύύ | Upsilon with acute | High pitch on short vowel or rising pitch on long vowel |
| Ὺὺ | Upsilon with grave | Archaic letter indicating normal or low pitch |
| ῦ | Upsilon with circumflex | Archaic letter indicating high or falling pitch |
| ὐ | Upsilon with smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| ὔ | Upsilon with acute and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| ὒ | Upsilon with grave and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| ὖ | Upsilon with circumflex and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high or falling pitch |
| Ὑὑ | Upsilon with rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ὕὕ | Upsilon with acute and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ὓὓ | Upsilon with grave and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Ὗὗ | Upsilon with circumflex and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high or falling pitch |
| Ϋϋ | Upsilon with diaeresis | Archaic letter denoting separate pronunciation, rather than as a diphthong |
| ΰ | Upsilon with diaeresis and acute | Archaic letter denoting separate pronunciation, rather than as a diphthong, with a rising pitch |
| ῢ | Upsilon with diaeresis and grave | Archaic letter denoting separate pronunciation, rather than as a diphthong, with a normal or low pitch |
| ῧ | Upsilon with diaeresis and circumflex | Archaic letter denoting separate pronunciation, rather than as a diphthong, with a high or falling pitch |
| Ῡῡ | Upsilon with macron | Archaic letter denoting a long vowel |
| Ῠῠ | Upsilon with breve | Archaic letter denoting a short vowel |
| Χ̇χ̇ | Chi with dot above | Arvanitika letter for /xʲ/ |
| Ψ̌ψ̌ | Psi with caron | Nonstandard letter for Cypriot Greek and Pontic Greek representing /pʃ/ |
| Ώώ | Omega with acute | High pitch on short vowel or rising pitch on long vowel |
| Ὼὼ | Omega with grave | Archaic letter indicating normal or low pitch |
| ῶ | Omega with circumflex | Archaic letter indicating high or falling pitch |
| Ὠὠ | Omega with smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ὤὤ | Omega with acute and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ὢὢ | Omega with grave and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Ὦὦ | Omega with circumflex and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high or falling pitch |
| Ὡὡ | Omega with rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel |
| Ὥὥ | Omega with acute and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel |
| Ὣὣ | Omega with grave and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch |
| Ὧὧ | Omega with circumflex and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high or falling pitch |
| ῼῳ | Omega with subscript iota | Archaic letter denoting a long diphthong |
| ῴ | Omega with subscript iota and acute | Archaic letter denoting a long diphthong with a rising pitch |
| ῲ | Omega with subscript iota and grave | Archaic letter denoting a long diphthong with a normal or low pitch |
| ῷ | Omega with subscript iota and circumflex | Archaic letter denoting a long diphthong with a high or falling pitch |
| ᾨᾠ | Omega with subscript iota and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong |
| ᾬᾤ | Omega with subscript iota and acute and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a rising pitch |
| ᾪᾢ | Omega with subscript iota and grave and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a normal or low pitch |
| ᾮᾦ | Omega with subscript iota and circumflex and smooth breathing | Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a high or falling pitch |
| ᾩᾡ | Omega with subscript iota and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong |
| ᾭᾥ | Omega with subscript iota and acute and rough breathing | Archaic letter presence the presence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a rising pitch |
| ᾫᾣ | Omega with subscript iota and grave and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a normal or low pitch |
| ᾯᾧ | Omega with subscript iota and circumflex and rough breathing | Archaic letter denoting the presence of /h/ prior to a long diphthong, with a high or falling pitch |

## Other characters

Other Greek characters are omitted from the tables above:
* Subscript modifier letters β, γ, ρ, φ, and χ: ᵦ ᵧ ᵨ ᵩ ᵪ
* Superscript modifier letters β, γ, δ, φ, and χ: ᵝ ᵞ ᵟ ᵠ ᵡ
* Small capitals Γ, Λ, Π, Ρ, Ψ, and Ω: ᴦ ᴧ ᴨ ᴩ ᴪ ꭥ
* Glyph variants for β, ε, Θ, θ, κ, ρ, Σ, σ/ς, π, Υ, Ύ, Ϋ, φ: ϐ ϵ ϴ ϑ ϰ ϱ Ϲ ϲ ϖ ϒ ϓ ϔ ϕ
* OU ligature which is used in Greek but encoded as a Latin letter: Ȣȣ

## Footnotes

* ↑ Nicholas, Nick (2005-01-01). "Proposal to add Greek Letter Lowercase Heta and Greek Letter Capital Heta to the UCS" (PDF).
* 1 2 Nicholas, Nick (2005-01-01). "Proposal to add Greek epigraphical letters to the UCS" (PDF).
* ↑ "Proposal to encode the Greek Capital Letter San and Greek Small Letter San in the UCS" (PDF). 2002-11-07.
* ↑ Everson, Michael (2002-01-30). "Proposal to add two Greek letters for Bactrian to the UCS" (PDF).
* 1 2 Nicholas, Nick (2005-05-23). "Other Ligatures".
* ↑ Nick Nicholas, "Yot" Archived 2012-08-05 at archive.today
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Arvanitic language". Retrieved 8 October 2022.
* ↑ Nicholas, Nick (2005-04-09). "Ligatures".
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Themistocleous, Charalambos; Katsoyannou, Marianna; Armosti, Spyros; Christodoulou, Kyriaki. "Cypriot Greek Lexicography: A Reverse Dictionary of Cypriot Greek" (PDF).
* 1 2 3 4 "Pontic Greek language". Retrieved 8 October 2022.
* 1 2 Nicholas, Nick (2003-05-26). "Greek & Greek Extended".
* ↑ Thompson, Edward M. (1911). An introduction to Greek and Latin palaeography. Oxford: Clarendon. pp. 186–194.