OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Squatting in Costa Rica

Squatting in Costa Rica was used by settlers to expand the frontier. It was regulated in law and then criminalised in 1961, yet occupations continued, in particular peasants using land invasions to gain property for living and farming. In the 1990s squatters clashed with absentee landlords.

## History

Squatting in Costa Rica began as settlers expanded the frontier. It was legitimated as a means to access land by laws enacted in 1885 and 1888. As in most Latin American countries, land titles can be acquired in Costa Rica through usucaption. Claimants, amongst them squatters, can present evidence to the court that they have been in continuous and open occupation for ten years and with the support of the neighbours they often gain title. A 1941 ordinance (Ley de informaciones posesorias) declared that a maximum of 300 hectares could be claimed in this way. The following year, the Ley de poseedores en precario was intended to enable owners whose land in the Central Valley had been squatted to claim state-owned areas in replacement. Since the compensation was decided by local land price, huge tracts of cheap frontier land were taken by just twenty owners; they took 512,000 hectares which was 10 per cent of the total land mass.
In the 1950s, peasants found places to live and farm through land invasions. Squatting (and frontier colonisation in general) was criminalised in 1961, yet as the population grew in the 1960s and 1970s, the peasant land grabs increased both in number and scale, aided by urban students. The Osa Peninsula saw many occupations in the early 1970s as peasants took over 10,000 hectares until President Daniel Oduber Quirós created the Corcovado National Park. The park pitted squatters against environmentalists, and the latter won since they had more access to power. In Guanacaste Province, peasants often squatted to gain access to land from the 1950s until the 1980s.
In the 1990s, there were several incidents in which squatters clashed with absentee land-owners from abroad. In one dispute in Pavones, both a US rancher and a campesino (tenant farmer) were killed; in another, a German plantation owner employed vigilantes who evicted squatters and then were disarmed by state forces. Consequently, caretakers were used by foreign owners to protect their properties and in some cases the caretakers themselves took possession as squatters.
# Sphaeralcea laxa

Sphaeralcea laxa, with the common name caliche globemallow, is a desert plant in the mallow family (Malvaceae).
# Stadion MOSiR

Stadion MOSiR ("MOSiR Stadium") may refer to various stadiums in Poland, including:
* Stadion MOSiR (Bystrzyca)
* Stadion MOSiR (Gdańsk) – now known as Gdańsk Sports Center Stadium
* Stadion MOSiR (Stalowa Wola)
* Stadion MOSiR (Wodzisław Śląski)
# Gunnlaugur Scheving

Gunnlaugur Óskar Scheving (8 June 1904 – 9 September 1972) was an Icelandic artist. He was one of Iceland's leading figurative painters and social realist painters of the 20th century. His art was part of a 1930s movement which broke with the tradition of landscape painting carried over from the turn of the century. Gunnlaugur's art focussed on working people, especially fishermen at sea and figures in rural settings.

## Biography

Gunnlaugur Óskar Scheving was born on 8 June 1904 in Reykjavik. At the age of 5, Scheving's parents sent him to foster care first in Unaós in East Iceland and later Seyðisfjörður. At the age of sixteen, he returned to Reykjavík to work for his uncle, the editor and poet Þorsteinn Gíslason, and to study drawing with Icelandic sculptor Einar Jónsson.
In 1923 he went to Copenhagen to study at the art academy there, and while preparing for admission, he lived in sculptor and artist Nína Sæmundsson's house, who lived in Italy at the time. After failing to secure a summer job in Denmark, he returned home to Reykjavík where he stayed until 1925. He returned to the academy and after graduating in 1930, Scheving moved to Seyðisfjörður and held exhibitions in Reykjavík.
He wrote as an art critic for the Morgunblaðið newspaper.
He married Grete Linck, a fellow student from Copenhagen, with whom he held joint exhibitions.
# Euprymna stenodactyla

Euprymna stenodactyla is a species of bobtail squid.
E. stenodactyla is native to the Indian Ocean. It is known with certainty only from Mauritius, although there exist doubtful records of this species from the Indo-west Pacific Ocean, from Mascarene Islands to Queensland, Australia and Polynesia.
The type specimen was collected off Mauritius. The type repository is unknown.
# Guillaume Rose

Guillaume Rose (born 6 January 1969, Monaco) is a Monegasque politician. Since 2018, he is a member of the National Council of Monaco and the President of the Environment and Quality of Life Commission. Since 2019, he is also an Executive Director General of the Monaco Economic Board.

## Life

Guillaume Rose was born on 6 January 1969 in Monaco. He studied screenwriting and graduated from the Sorbonne in Paris with a Master’s degree in film studies. For four years, Rose lived in Paris working in TV and film industry before coming back to Monaco in 1997. He started working in communications for the Société des Bains de Mer (SBM) becoming head of the department responsible for promoting gaming. He obtained a Corporate MBA at International University of Monaco. After that, Rose went to Las Vegas to gain experience in hotel and casino management. Upon returning to Monaco, he was appointed Executive Assistant to the CEO of SBM and then took responsibility for entire Communication Department of the group. Rose left SBM in 2010 and the same year he joined the Principality’s Tourism Department becoming the President of the Monaco Tourism Authority of the Principality of Monaco in 2011. In 2019, Rose was appointed an Executive Director General of the Monaco Economic Board.
Rose is married and has three children.

## Political career

In 2008, Rose became a founding member of the political union Monegasque Union and was elected as a National Councilor in 2008-2013. He was a President of the Commission for Social Interests and Miscellaneous Affairs (2010-2013) and the President of the Commission for Culture (2010-2011).
In 2018, Rose was elected a member of the National Council of Monaco from political group Priority Monaco (Primo!) and was appointed the President of the Environment and Quality of Life Commission. Rose is a member of Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe representing the Principality of Monaco.

## Orders

* Knight of the Order of Saint-Charles
* Grand Prix de L’Hotellerie Monegasque 2017
# Antevorta

In ancient Roman religion, Antevorta was a goddess of the future, also known as Porrima or Prorsa (a contracted form of Proversa). She and her sister Postverta (or Postvorta) were described as companions or siblings of the goddess Carmenta, sometimes referred to as "the Carmentae". They may have originally been two aspects of Carmenta, namely those of her knowledge of the future and the past (compare the two-faced Janus).
Antevorta and Postvorta had two altars in Rome and were invoked by pregnant women as protectors against the dangers of childbirth. Antevorta was said to be present at the birth when the baby was born head-first; Postverta, when the feet of the baby came first.

## Star name

Antevorta is an alternative star name for Gamma Virginis, officially named Porrima.
# Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia

Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common name gooseberryleaf globemallow. It is native to the western United States, where it can be found in the Great Basin and surrounding regions. It grows in sagebrush, woodlands, playas, and the canyons of the upper Colorado River. It is common in disturbed areas, such as habitat recently cleared by wildfire.

## Description

Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia is a perennial herb that produces erect stems up to 1 m. (3 ft.) tall from a woody base. The root system is large, constituting a stout, tough taproot and a spreading fibrous root network.
The herbage is usually woolly in texture, but hairless specimens are known, and it is gray-green to purplish in color. The leaves have three-lobed blades with toothed or lobed edges, measuring up to 3.5 centimeters long. As the plant's name suggests, the leaves are sometimes shaped like those of plants in the family Grossulariaceae, the currants and gooseberries.
Flowers occur in a raceme-like inflorescence. Each flower has five red-orange petals each 1 to 2 centimeters long. The flowers are pollinated by many bee species and by wasps of the genus Ammoplanus.
# Frederick Gill

Frederick Gill (15 March 1862 – 17 April 1936) was an Australian politician who was a Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1904 to 1905 and again from 1908 to 1914.
Gill was born in Burra, South Australia, to Eliza Jane (née Binney) and Joseph Gill. He left school at an early age to work in the Moonta copper mines, and later worked as an apprentice blacksmith (in Port Augusta) and railway porter (in Hawker). Gill moved to Western Australia in 1894, and found work with Western Australian Government Railways. He first stood for parliament at the 1902 West Perth by-election (caused by the death of the premier, George Leake), and placed second to Charles Moran, ahead of four other candidates. At the 1904 state election, Gill won the newly created seat of Balcatta. He was defeated by John Veryard at the 1905 election, but reclaimed the seat in 1908, having worked as a milkman between elections.
Balcatta was abolished prior to the 1911 state election, and Gill transferred to the new seat of Leederville. He was narrowly defeated at the 1914 election, with the winning candidate being John Veryard. He and Veryard were running against each other for the fourth consecutive time. After leaving parliament, Gill bought a property in Morawa (a small town in the Mid West), where he farmed wheat. He contested the seat of Irwin at the 1921 election, running for the Country Party, but placed only fourth out of seven candidates. Gill died in Morawa in April 1936, aged 74. He had married Elizabeth Prisk in 1892, with whom he had two sons.
# List of mergers and dissolutions of municipalities in Japan

This page links to the list of mergers and dissolutions of municipalities in Japan for each prefecture.
For a list of dissolved municipalities, see also: Category:Dissolved municipalities of Japan and the sister category Category:Former districts of Japan.

## Lists, by prefecture

Note that most of the prefectural websites linked below are in Japanese.
| Aichi Prefecture | List of mergers |
| Akita Prefecture | List of mergers |
| Aomori Prefecture | List of mergers |
| Chiba Prefecture | List of mergers |
| Ehime Prefecture | List of mergers |
| Fukui Prefecture | List of mergers |
| Fukuoka Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Fukushima Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Gifu Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Gunma Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Hiroshima Prefecture | List of mergers |
| Hokkaido | List of mergers | Website |
| Hyōgo Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Ibaraki Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Ishikawa Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Iwate Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Kagawa Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Kagoshima Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Kanagawa Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Kōchi Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Kumamoto Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Kyoto Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Mie Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Miyagi Prefecture | List of mergers | |
| Miyazaki Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Nagano Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Nagasaki Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Nara Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Niigata Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Ōita Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Okayama Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Okinawa Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Osaka Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Saga Prefecture | List of mergers | |
| Saitama Prefecture | List of mergers |
| Shiga Prefecture | List of mergers |
| Shimane Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Shizuoka Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Tochigi Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Tokushima Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Tokyo Metropolis | List of mergers | |
| Tottori Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Toyama Prefecture | List of mergers | Website |
| Wakayama Prefecture | List of mergers |
| Yamagata Prefecture | List of mergers |
| Yamaguchi Prefecture | List of mergers |
| Yamanashi Prefecture | List of mergers |
# Sphodromantis congica

Sphodromantis congica, common name Congo mantis is a species of praying mantis found in Angola, Nigeria, and the Congo River region.
# Gloriana St. Clair

Gloriana St. Clair (born 1939) is a pioneer in the field of academic librarianship, as well as a scholar of Norse Mythology and its relationship to the works of J.R.R. Tolkien. She is currently the Principal Investigator of the Olive Executable Archive, and was previously the official University Liaison to the Pittsburgh chapter of the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. She is Dean Emerita of Carnegie Mellon University Libraries (1998-2013). Before coming to Carnegie Mellon, St. Clair held leadership positions at several other universities. St. Clair attended the University of California, Berkeley, receiving a bachelor's degree in English in 1962 and a master's degree in library science in 1963.
St. Clair has had a significant impact on academic librarianship, publishing articles and studies which helped reshape the field. She has served as the editor of three major journals: portal: Libraries and the Academy (2000-2003), The Journal of Academic Librarianship (1996-2000), and College & Research Libraries (1990-1996). In 2009, she was recognized by the Association of College and Research Libraries as the Academic/Research Librarian of the Year. Selected works by St. Clair are archived online in Carnegie Mellon University's Research Showcase (institutional repository).
Throughout her career, St. Clair has established herself as a staunch critic of academic publishers, supporting Open Access information distribution through digital publication. Her work in digitization also served as an inspiration for the Google Books project.
In 2012, St. Clair was retained by Google, Inc. to “provide [her] opinions regarding the challenges libraries and others face in identifying and finding copyright owners, and regarding the practices of libraries with respect to the digitization of books at the time Google began its Google Books project” in The Authors Guild, et al. v. Google, Inc., Civil Action No. 05 CV 8136 (DC), (S.D. NY 2012).
# List of Zambian films

This is a list of films produced in Zambia:
* Killing Heat (1981)
* Can you see us (2022)
* The grass is singing (1981)
* I Am Not a Witch (2017)
* Love Is Not Enough (2018)
# Jianning

Jianning (建宁/建寧) may refer to:

## Places in China

* Jianning County, a county in Fujian
* Jianning Subdistrict, a subdistrict of Lusong District in Zhuzhou, Hunan
* Jianning Township, a township in Gaoping, Shanxi

### Historical places

* Jianning, the former name of Zhuzhou
* Jianning, the former name of Jian'ou
# Brian O'Halloran (baseball)

Brian O'Halloran (born October 28, 1971) is an American sports executive with the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). After serving as general manager of the team under Chaim Bloom during the 2020–2023 seasons, O'Halloran accepted a position as executive vice president of baseball operations following Bloom's dismissal in September 2023.

## Biography

O'Halloran has degrees from Colby College and UCLA. His first job in baseball was as an intern for the San Diego Padres.
O'Halloran joined the Boston Red Sox in 2002 as a baseball operations assistant, and became the director of baseball operations in 2006. He was named a vice president and assistant general manager for the team in November 2011. He became a senior vice president in 2015, and was promoted to executive vice president in November 2018.
On October 25, 2019, O'Halloran was reportedly named the Red Sox' new general manager, at the same time that Chaim Bloom was named Chief Baseball Officer, with O’Halloran reporting to him. An official announcement was made on October 28, an off-day of the 2019 World Series. Under Bloom and O'Halloran, the 2021 Red Sox reached the American League Championship Series, but the team regressed in the standings, posting an overall record of 267–262 under their leadership, and saw popular and productive players Mookie Betts and Xander Bogaerts leave the team. Bloom was fired by the team on September 14, 2023; at the same time, O'Halloran was removed as general manager. The team subsequently announced that O'Halloran accepted a position as executive vice president of baseball operations.

## Personal

In addition to English, O'Halloran speaks Georgian and Russian; he previously studied in Georgia and worked in Moscow. O'Halloran and his wife, Jean, have three children.
# Fougere

Fougere may refer to:
* Fougère, one of the main olfactive families of perfumes
* Fougeré, Maine-et-Loire, a former commune in France
* Fougeré, Vendée, a commune in France
* Michael Fougere (born 1956), Canadian politician
* Vernon Fougère (1943–2013), Canadian bishop
* Eugénie Fougère (1870 – unknown), French vaudeville and music hall singer
* Eugénie Fougère (demimondaine) (1861–1903), French frequenter of the demi-monde
# Morchellaceae

The Morchellaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Pezizales. According to a standard reference work, the family has contained at least 49 species distributed among four genera. However, in 2012, five genera that produce ascoma that are sequestrate and hypogeous were added. The best-known members are the highly regarded and commercially picked true morels of the genus Morchella, the thimble morels of the genus Verpa, and a genus of cup-shaped fungi Disciotis. The remaining four genera produce the sequestrate fruit bodies.
Analysis of the ribosomal DNA of many of the Pezizales showed the three genera Verpa, Morchella, and Disciotis to be closely related. Thus they are now included in the family Morchellaceae.

## Genera

Costantinella (anamorph) Disciotis (terrestrial) Morchella (terrestrial) Verpa (terrestrial) Kalapuya (hypogeous) Imaia (hypogeous) Leucangium (hypogeous) Fischerula (hypogeous)

## Description

Other than the anamorph genus Costantinella, the three remaining genera of Morchellaceae are distinguished by ascocarp morphology. Morchella species have an ascocarp with a sponge-like pileus, with a hollow stipe and pileus. Verpa species have a cup-like or thimble-shaped, smooth or wrinkled pileus above a hollow stipe. Disciotis has a cup-like pileus with vein-like hymenial folds and a small or nonexistent stipe. The ascospores are ellipsoid, smooth, and usually hyaline.
# Stafford Springs, Mississippi

Stafford Springs, Mississippi is an unincorporated community located in Jasper County, Mississippi, United States, along U.S. Route 11.

## History

The community was named for Edward Stafford, who settled in the area in the late 19th century. Stafford was alerted to the presence of a mineral spring in the area by Choctaws, who took their wounded and sick there for its purported healing powers. On May 19, 1892, the Stafford Mineral Springs and Hotel Company was organized in New Orleans. A bottling works was founded the next year and the spring water was soon shipped throughout the country. The Stafford Springs Hotel opened in 1899. The shareholders sold the company in 1918, and visitors stopped arriving to the springs during the Great Depression. The hotel continued to be opened yearly from April to September. In 1952, the Stafford Springs Hotel was demolished. The area was then briefly used for a dude ranch.
The Mississippi Art Colony was located in Stafford Springs from 1962 to 1970.
A post office operated under the name Stafford Springs from 1919 to 1955.
# Hagău

Hagău may refer to several villages in Romania:
* Hagău, a village in Cătina Commune, Cluj County
* Hagău, a village in Râciu Commune, Mureș County
# 1995 Advanta Championships of Philadelphia – Doubles

Gigi Fernández and Helena Suková were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners.
Fernández teamed up with Natasha Zvereva and lost in quarterfinals to tournament winners Lori McNeil and Helena Suková.
Suková teamed up with Lori McNeil and successfully defended her title, by defeating Meredith McGrath and Larisa Neiland 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

## Seeds

* Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva (quarterfinals)
* Meredith McGrath / Larisa Neiland (final)
* Gabriela Sabatini / Brenda Schultz-McCarthy (first round)
* Nicole Arendt / Manon Bollegraf (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | G Fernández N Zvereva | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Martínez P Tarabini | 2 | 3 | | 1 | G Fernández N Zvereva | 4 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Hingis I Spîrlea | 2 | 2 | | | L McNeil H Suková | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | L McNeil H Suková | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | L McNeil H Suková | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| 3 | G Sabatini B Schultz-McCarthy | 6 | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | C Rubin P Shriver | 3 | 0 | | | | | | |
| | C Rubin P Shriver | 4 | 6 | 6 | | C Rubin P Shriver | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | S Jeyaseelan F Zuluaga | 0 | 0 | | | K Adams Z Garrison-Jackson | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Adams Z Garrison-Jackson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | L McNeil H Suková | 4 | 6 | 6 |
| | L Raymond R Stubbs | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | M McGrath L Neiland | 6 | 3 | 4 |
| | M de Swardt C Vis | 3 | 1 | | | L Raymond R Stubbs | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Nagatsuka A Sugiyama | 2 | 5 | | 4 | N Arendt M Bollegraf | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | N Arendt M Bollegraf | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | L Raymond R Stubbs | 4 | 6 | 3 | | | | | |
| Q | A Frazier K Po | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | 2 | M McGrath L Neiland | 6 | 3 | 6 | | | | | |
| | A Coetzer I Gorrochategui | 6 | 6 | | | A Coetzer I Gorrochategui | 6 | 6 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Halard-Decugis N Tauziat | 4 | 2 | | 2 | M McGrath L Neiland | 7 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | M McGrath L Neiland | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Someone Should Tell You

"Someone Should Tell You" was the second single taken from British R&B singer Lemar's third album The Truth About Love.
Before the single's release, "Someone Should Tell You" followed the success of "It's Not That Easy" in the UK airplay charts by climbing into the top 10, peaking at #10. The single also entered the UK top 75 at #59 on downloads alone, a week before the song's physical release on 20 November 2006. "Someone Should Tell You" climbed to #21 on its release and became Lemar's second single to miss the UK top 20, joint lowest with "Don't Give It Up" which also made #21 in 2005.
A vinyl release for "Someone Should Tell You" was intended but was later cancelled.

## Track listings

* CD: 1
* "Someone Should Tell You"
* "Baby, I Love You"
* CD: 2
* "Someone Should Tell You"
* "Someone Should Tell You" (Kardinal Beats Remix)
* "If There's Any Justice" (Live)
* "All I Ever Do (My Boo)" (Live)

## Credits & Personnel

* Writer - Paul Barry Steve Torch Lemar Obika
* Producer - Brian Rawling Paul Meehan
* Mixer - Steve Fitzmaurice

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| European Hot 100 Singles | 69 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 21 |