OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Extreme response spectrum

The Extreme Response Spectrum (ERS) (or Maximum Response Spectrum (MRS)) is defined as a curve giving the value of the highest peak of the response of a linear Single Degree of Freedom System (SDOF system) to vibration, according to its natural frequency, for a given damping ratio. The response is described here by the relative movement of the mass of this system in relation to its support. The x-axis refers to the natural frequency and the y-axis to the highest peak multiplied by the square of the quantity (2 π x natural frequency), by analogy with the relative displacement shock response spectrum.
The severity of a vibration can be evaluated by calculating the stresses on a mathematical or finite element model of the structure and, for example, comparison with the ultimate stress of the material. This is the method used to dimension the structure. Generally, however, the problem is instead to evaluate the relative severity of several vibrations (vibrations measured in the real environment, measured vibrations with respect to standards, establishment of a specification etc.). This comparison would be difficult to carry out if one used a fine model of the structure and besides, this is not always available, in particular at the stage of the development of the specification of dimensioning.
A solution consists of applying the vibration under consideration to a “standard” mechanical system, which thus does not claim to be a model of the real structure, composed of a support and N linear one-degree-of-freedom resonators, each one comprising a mass, a spring and a damping device.
A vibration A is considered as more severe than a vibration B if it produces a highest relative displacement (i.e. a highest stress) on this SDOF system than the vibration B.
An ERS is generated from a vibration signal using the following process: 1. Choose a damping ratio for the ERS to be based on;
2. Assume a hypothetical Single Degree of Freedom System, with a given natural frequency (Hz); 3. Calculate (by time base simulation or from a Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the vibratory signal) the highest instantaneous relative displacement experienced by the mass element of this SDOFs at any time during exposure to the vibration in question. Plot this value multiplied by the square of (2 π x natural frequency) against the natural frequency of the hypothetical system;
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for other values of the natural frequency.
The resulting plot is called an Extreme response spectrum.

## Note

Vibrations can damage a mechanical system as a result of several processes, among which are:
* the exceeding of characteristic instantaneous stress limits (yield stress, ultimate stress etc.)
* the damage by fatigue following the application of a large number of cycles.
ERS is used according to the first criterion. The second is considered with the fatigue damage spectrum (FDS).
# Breakwater

Breakwater may refer to:

## Places

* Breakwater, Victoria, a suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia
* Breakwater Island, Antarctica
* Breakwater Islands, Nunavut, Canada
* Breakwater School, a Portland, Maine, pre-school and elementary school founded in 1956

## Arts and entertainment

* Breakwater (band), a funk and soul band from the 1970s
* Breakwater (album), a 1988 album by Lennie Gallant
* Breakwater (film), an upcoming film starring Dermot Mulroney
* The Breakwater, an alternative name for the 1670 painting Storm Off a Sea Coast by Jacob van Ruisdael

## Other

* USS Breakwater (SP-681), a United States Navy patrol vessel, minesweeper, and tug in commission from 1917 to 1920
* Breaking the water or water breaking, a term for the rupture of membranes during pregnancy
# Eucalyptus luehmanniana

Eucalyptus luehmanniana, commonly known as the yellow top mallee ash, is a species of mallee that is endemic to a small area in New South Wales. It has smooth white bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven or more, white flowers and cup-shaped, urn-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit. It has a restricted distribution on poor, rocky soils near Sydney.

## Description

Eucalyptus luehmanniana is a mallee that typically grows to a height of 6–7 m (20–23 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth white to brown bark that is shed in long ribbons. Young plants and coppice regrowth have stems that are more or less square in cross-section and sessile, glossy green, elliptic to broadly lance-shaped leaves that are 70–175 mm (2.8–6.9 in) long and 30–75 mm (1.2–3.0 in) wide. Adult leaves are the same shade of glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, 100–200 mm (3.9–7.9 in) long and 20–45 mm (0.79–1.77 in) wide on a petiole 17–40 mm (0.67–1.57 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between seven and eleven or more on a flattened, unbranched peduncle 15–25 mm (0.59–0.98 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 3–11 mm (0.12–0.43 in) long. Mature buds are club-shaped to diamond shaped, 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) wide with a conical operculum about the same size as the floral cup. Flowering occurs between June and December and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped, urn-shaped or barrel-shaped capsule 8–13 mm (0.31–0.51 in) long and 9–12 mm (0.35–0.47 in) wide with the valves close to rim level.
This mallee has sometimes been confused with the tree species E. haemastoma and E. stricta.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus luehmanniana was first formally described in 1878 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae. The type specimen was collected in sandy rocky ground by William Kirton, "eight miles north of Bulli at an elevation of 2000 feet".The specific epithet honours Johann George Luehmann, who was Mueller's assistant in the Melbourne Herbarium.

## Distribution and habitat

The yellow top mallee ash grows in mallee heath on shallow soils derived from sandstone on the coastal plateau in the Sydney region, between the Hawkesbury River and Bulli. Despite having a restricted distribution, it is locally abundant.

## Culture

The fruit of this eucalypt was depicted on the original five dollar note, beside a drawing of Joseph Banks.
# Bystrica

Bystrica may refer to:
* Banská Bystrica, a town in central Slovakia
* Burg Považská Bystrica, a manor-house underneath the castle Považský hrad
* Kalvaria Povazska Bystrica, a series of buildings depicting the journey of Jesus Christ to his crucifixion
* Nová Bystrica, a village and municipality in Čadca District, Žilina Region, northern Slovakia
* Považská Bystrica, a town in north-western Slovakia
* Stará Bystrica, a village and municipality in Čadca District, Žilina Region, northern Slovakia
* Viaduct Považská Bystrica, a bridge across the narrowest part of Považská Bystrica in Slovakia
* Záhorská Bystrica
# Brujo (disambiguation)

Brujo (Spanish for "wizard") is a practitioner of Brujería.
Brujo or El Brujo may also refer to:

## Places

* El Brujo Peru
* Chocoyero-El Brujo Natural Reserve in the municipality of Ticuantepe in the Managua department

## People

* Brujo (surname)
** Juan Brujo
* El Brujo (nickname)
** Amancio Amaro (born 1939), Spanish former footballer
** Manuel Fleitas Solich (1900–1984), Paraguayan football player and coach
** José López Rega (1916–1989), Argentina's Minister of Social Welfare
** Dámaso Rodríguez Martín (1945–1991), Spanish serial killer
** Ramiro Mendoza (born 1972), former Major League Baseball pitcher
** Juan Quarterone (born 1935), Argentine footballer
** Cuco Valoy (born 1937), Dominican singer

## Plant

* Plectranthus amboinicus (redirect from Orégano brujo)

## Sport

* Guayama Wizards (redirect from Brujos de Guayama) basketball team based in Guayama, Puerto Rico

## Music

* Los Brujos band
* Brujo, New Riders of the Purple Sage album
* "Brujo", a track by The Future Sound Of London
# Gidudu

Gidudu is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Patrick Gidudu, Anglican bishop in Uganda
* Samuel Gidudu (born 1968), Anglican bishop in Uganda
# Free video

Free video is video content that is free to use for any purpose, or licensed under a free and open license to such an effect, at least for distribution, and at most for modification and commercial usage. This can also apply to graphical animations.

## Free video and included media

To be a free video - referring to freedom (as in free software), not to price - a video's entire content must be previously licensed under a free content license. A video is considered legally unfree if any portion of the video was previously licensed under a proprietary license that restricts usage and prevents derivations and commercial usage.
Under this approach, a video cannot be considered free if it includes snippets or whole copies of any text, image, video or audio that has been previously licensed under a proprietary, unfree license. The legal concept of fair use of a third party's music or other content in one's own video work may protect against DMCA takedowns. In the 2015 court case Lenz v. Universal Music Group Inc., the court determined that Universal Music Group should have considered fair use before issuing a take-down. The case focuses on the usage of a song licensed by Universal that was used in a YouTube video of a dancing toddler.

## Free video licenses

At the moment, there are no known free content licenses that are specifically designed for video content. Instead, most known free video content is under a Creative Commons license and other, non-media-type-specific free content licenses, or within the public domain as the video's copyright has already expired.

## Free video formats

While the discussion on free video is related to an extent to the advocacy for freely-licensed data compression technologies such as Theora for video and Ogg Vorbis for audio (particularly in the 2008 debate on whether to include the two within the WHATWG draft for HTML5 on multimedia), the latter argument is related more to the advocacy of free software.
However, it is arguable that the free software movement stands to gain from the licensing of video and audio in a freely-usable format under a free content license.

## Free video on Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Commons

Free video is used extensively on Wikipedia, and is also the exclusive type of video content stored on the Wikimedia Commons. While Wikipedia allows for the uploading of fair use video (only in Ogg Theora format), the Wikimedia Commons strictly forbids the uploading of fair use video or any video containing depiction of symbols or other content that is prior licensed under a proprietary license.
# Anne Fraïsse

Anne Fraïsse (also known as Anne Fraïsse-Bétoulières; born 1959) is a French Latinist and academic. She is a professor of Latin patristics at the Paul Valéry University Montpellier (UPVM). She served two terms as president of the UPVM, from 2008 to 2016, and was re-elected in 2020. She was also vice-president of the France Universités from December 2010 to December 2012.

## Early life and education

Anne Fraïsse was born in Montpellier, 1959. After a preparatory class at the Lycée Joffre in Montpellier, Fraïsse studied Classics at the UPVM. She obtained the agrégation de lettres and was appointed as a secondary school teacher. She defended her doctoral thesis, entitled Traduction, notes et commentaire de l'ouvrage de Facundus d'Hermiane Pro Defensione Trium Capitulorum (Translation, notes and commentary on the work of Facundus d'Hermiane Pro Defensione Trium Capitulorum) in 1992, supervised by Jacques Flamant, thanks to a scholarship from the École de Rome.

## Career

She was appointed lecturer in Latin in 1994 at the UPVM, a member of the CRISES team. In 2006, Fraïsse was appointed professor at the UPVM. She is the author of several books and scientific articles. Her research focuses on the beginning of the Christian Church and its theological conflicts, as well as the assimilation of Greco-Roman classical culture into Christianity.
Fraïsse was a member of the Board of Directors from 1998 to 2002, and then of the Council of Studies and University Life from 2002 to 2006. She is a member of the Campus Commission, for which she was the rapporteur between 2000 and 2006. Fraïsse was head of the Literature, Arts, Philosophy and Linguistics Department from 2002 to 2008, and was elected president of UPVM in 2008.
During her first presidential term (2008–2012), she co-piloted the Opération Campus project, with the two other universities of Montpellier. Fraïsse is opposed to the LRU.
As president of the university, she participated in the project to merge the three Montpellier universities. Believing that the Humanities and Social science were not sufficiently represented in the project, she left the negotiations during her second term (2012–2016). preferring collegial solutions like the COMUE. She expressed opposition to the government's university policy and to the reduction in state subsidies.
Fraïsse was re-elected for a third time, which began on January 1, 2021.

## Awards and honours

* Knight, Legion of Honour (2010)
* Knight, Ordre des Palmes académiques (2004)
# Bellacepolis

Bellacepolis is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Cepolidae.
Species:
# Breakwater Battery

Breakwater Battery, was a coastal defence battery at Port Kembla, New South Wales, Australia during World War II.
Constructed in 1939 to provide protection for Port Kembla from enemy shipping and submarines. Two 6 inch Mk XI gun emplacements with related underground facilities were constructed near the southern breakwater at Port Kembla.
The battery and observation post (now a military museum) were key structures of the command centre for Fortress Kembla during World War II.
# Gousseffia

Gousseffia is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa.
This genus was originally named Yakimovella after the parasitologist Yakimoff. Levine in 1980 noted that this genus name was already in use and renamed the genus Gousseffia.

## Taxonomy

There is only one described species in this genus - Gousseffia erinacei.

## Life cycle

Little is known about this genus. It is presumably transmitted by the orofaecal route.
Each oocysts has 8 sporocysts. Each sporocyst has numerous sporozoites.

## Host records

This genus and species has been described in the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus).

## History

This genus and species was described by Gousseff in 1937. It was renamed by Levine in 1980.
# Brujos de Izalco F.C.

Brujos Mario Calvo de Izalco Fútbol Club are a Salvadoran professional football club based in Izalco, Sonsonate. The club currently plays in the Segunda División de El Salvador.

## History

The club purchased the license of Quequeisque F.C. to participate in the Segunda División in 2016.

## Honours
### Domestic honours

* First Division of El Salvador
** Champions: N/A
* Segunda División Salvadoreña and predecessors
Runners Up: (1) : Clausura 2018
* Tercera División Salvadoreña and predecessors
** Champions: N/A

## Current squad

As of:
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | SLV | David Santos |
| 2 | DF | SLV | Marvin Martínez |
| 4 | DF | SLV | Benjamín Crespín |
| 15 | MF | SLV | Carlos Martínez |
| 31 | FW | COL | Mayer Gil |
| 21 | FW | COL | Lucas Gallardo |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 7 | FW | SLV | Julio Rivera |

## List of coaches

* Ricardo López Tenorio (1978 – 1980)
* Jose Raul Chamagua (1993)
* Milton Velásquez
* Jorge Calles (Jan 2016 – Dec 2016)
* Marcelo Escalante (Jan 2017 – Dec 2017)
* Juan Ramón Paredes (Dec 2017 – June 2018)
* Ruben Alonso (June 2018 – June 2019)
* Manuel Melgar (Sep 2019 - )
# Brigate Fiamme Verdi

The Brigate Fiamme Verdi (Green Flame Brigade) was an Italian Partisan Resistance Group, of predominantly Roman Catholic orientation, which operated in Italy during World War II.
The armed Italian Resistance comprised a number of contingents of differing ideological orientation - the largest being the Communist Brigate Garibaldi. Tensions between Catholics and anarchists, Communists and socialists in the movement led Catholics to form the Fiamme Verdi as a separate brigade of Christian Democrats in Northern Italy. Peter Hebblethwaite wrote that, by early 1944, some 20,000 partisans had emerged from Catholic Action. Known as the "Green Flames", they were supported by sympathetic provincial clergy in the North, who pronounced the Germans to be "unjust invaders", whom it was lawful and meritorious to repel. "Bishops tended to be more cautious", wrote Hebblethwaite, Maurilio Fossati, the Cardinal Archbishop of Turin "visited partisan units in the mountains, heard their confessions and said Mass for them."
The Fiamme Verdi did not belong to the approximately 4% of Italian Resistance groups that were formal Catholic organisations, but instead was classed in the 21% of resistance groups that were "independent", in which, like the Osoppo group and others, the Fiamme Verdi was not formally a Catholic group, but had a very strong Catholic presence. Nevertheless, just as there were militant Catholics within the Garibaldi Brigade, so there were non-Catholics within the Fiamme Verdi. 191 priests were killed by fascists and 125 by the Germans, while 109 were killed by partisans. Though some priests joined pro-fascist bands, the Vatican backed the so-called anti-Fascist 'partisan chaplains' and 'red priests' fighting with the partisans, hoping that they would provide religious guidance to partisans being exposed to Communist propaganda.
The Fiamme Verdi was sometimes associated with the Democrazia Cristiana Party and was particularly active in Emilia and Lombardia. Notable members included Lionello Levi Sandri, who later served as a prominent Italian and European Commissioner.
# Beau Wirick

Beau Wirick (/ˈwaɪrɪk/ WYE-rik, born April 30, 1986) is an American actor known for playing the role of Sean Donahue on the sitcom The Middle.

## Career

He has also appeared in guest roles on the TV series 7th Heaven, Arrested Development, NCIS, The Office, Drake & Josh and Jack & Bobby. He portrayed Julian Crane in a flashback sequence on the daytime drama Passions in 2004.

## Personal life

In 2018, Wirick married his The Middle costar Daniela Bobadilla.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2006 | Christopher Brennan Saves the World | Brett | Short film |
| 2024 | Unsung Hero | Matt | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2001–2002 | Raising Dad | Evan | Recurring role; 17 episodes |
| 2003 | The Bernie Mac Show | Craig | Episode: "Raging Election" |
| 2004 | 7th Heaven | Ed | 2 episodes |
| 2004 | Jack & Bobby | Teammate | Episode: "The Teammate" |
| 2005 | Arrested Development | College Kid #3 | Episode: "Spring Breakout" |
| 2005 | The Office | Frat Guy | Episode: "The Dundies" |
| 2005 | Drake & Josh | Tank | Episode: "Girl Power" |
| 2009–2018 | The Middle | Sean Donahue | Recurring role (61 episodes) |
| 2010 | Greek | Singing Omega Chi | Episode: "Take Me Out" |
| 2014 | NCIS | Navy Lt. Joseph Hagen | Episode: "Twenty Klicks" |
| 2016 | The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story | Allan Park | Episode: "From the Ashes of Tragedy" |
| 2023 | The Happy Camper | Jordan Atwood | Television film |

### Web

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2013–2014 | The Walking Tedd | Ryan | Main role |
# Steve Holt (Canadian musician)

Steve Holt (born 1954) is a Canadian jazz pianist.

## Early life and education

Born in Montreal, Quebec, in 1954, Holt exhibited musical ability in early childhood, playing piano at the age of four. By the time he was a teenager, Holt was a regular on the Montreal club scene.
Holt remained self-taught until he entered McGill University. There, he was taught by pianist Armas Maiste, whose bebop playing influenced him. Holt also became a student of Kenny Barron, traveling regularly to New York City for private lessons with the pianist. Holt graduated from McGill in 1981 with that university's first Bachelor of Music major in Jazz Performance, and taught jazz improvisation there.

## Later life and career

In 1983, Holt's debut album, The Lion's Eyes, was released. It was nominated for a Juno Award. He has worked with jazz musicians Larry Coryell, Eddie Henderson, and Archie Shepp. Holt moved to Toronto in 1987 and worked as an equity analyst. For a time, he also continued playing clubs at night. Further albums were released in the 1990s: Christmas Light (1991); Just Duet (1992); and Catwalk (1994).
In 1999, Holt returned to concentrating on music full-time. Three years later, his fifth album, The Dream, was released. He then moved into music production, and stopped performing jazz live until 2014. Following a move to the countryside, his interest in jazz performance returned. In 2017, he opened a health food store in Warkworth, Ontario, that operates as a jazz venue once a week.

## Discography

* 1983: The Lion's Eyes (Plug)
* 1991: Christmas Light (Inner Music)
* 1992: Just Duet (Sackville) with Kieran Overs
* 1993: Catwalk (Sackville)
* 2001: The Dream (Trilogy)
Singles
* 2002: We Need You (Trilogy)
* 2002: Just to Be With You (Trilogy)
* 2003: Soon (Trilogy)
# Belcher Mountains

The Belcher Mountains are a former mountain range that stood in the Hudson Bay region of Canada in the late Precambrian. The mountains have since been uplifted and folded erosion has beveled them into a nearly flat plain.

## Description

Exposed plunging folded sedimentary and volcanic strata in Canada's Hudson Bay region outline the former position of the Belcher Mountains that stood in the late Precambrian. The folds trend northward. In the millions of years since, the mountains were uplifted and folded erosion has beveled them into a nearly flat plain. The lines running across the units are fractures and faults caused by the deformation of the units.