# List of echinoderms of Venezuela

The echinoderms of Venezuela are a strictly marine animal phylum comprising about 124 species of marine waters designated for Venezuelan Caribbean. The first lists of species for Venezuelan coast date back to 1939 and 1967.
In Venezuela are five classes representatives living today: Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea. In this list are listed 105 species for the territory Venezuelan.

## List of species identified for Venezuela
### Crinoidea (Sea Lilies)

Crinoidea :
| Species | Common name | Global distribution | Distribution by state |
| Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777) | Rosy Feather-star | Atlantic Ocean | Ar; Su; Va |
| Davidaster rubiginosus (Pourtàles, 1869) | Sea lily | Caribbean Sea | Ar |
| Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) | Black and White Sea Lily | Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean | Ar; Ca; Fa; DF; Su; Va |

### Asteroidea (Starfishs)

Asteroidea :
| Species | Common name | Global distribution | Distribution by state |
| Anthenoides piercei Perrier, 1881 | Starfish | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | NE; Su |
| Asterinides folium (Lütken, 1859) | Common Blunt Armed Sea Star | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Astropecten antillensis Lütken, 1859 | Starfish | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | Su; Zu |
| Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel (1842) | Starfish | Western Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | An; Fa; Mi; NE; Su |
| Astropecten duplicatus Gray, 1840 | Two-spined Star Fish | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | NE; Su; Va; Zu |
| Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840 | Starfish | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | DA; Fa; NE; Su; Zu |
| Echinaster brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842 | Starfish | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Echinaster echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816) | Starfish | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | DF; NE; Su |
| Goniaster tesellatus (Lamarck, 1816) | Starfish | Atlantic Ocean | NE; Su |
| Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840 | Yellow Starfish | Cosmopolitan | NE |
| Luidia alternata (Say, 1825) | Starfish | Caribbean Sea | NE; Su; Zu |
| Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) | Starfish | Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean | An; NE; Su; Zu |
| Luidia senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816) | Nine-armed Sea Star | Northwesthern Atlantic Ocean | Mi; NE; Su |
| Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1858) | Orange Starfish Cushion Sea Star | Caribbean Sea | Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su |
| Tethyaster vestitus (Say, 1825) | Starfish | Caribbean Sea | DA; DF; Su |

### Ophiuroidea (Sea spiders and sea snakes)

Ophiuroidea :
| Species | Common name | Global distribution | Distribution by state |
| Amphiodia trychna H. L. Clark, 1918 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | An; Su |
| Amphioplus coniortodes H. L. Clark, 1918 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | An; NE; Su |
| Amphipholis januarii Ljungman, 1867 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828) | Small Brittle Star | Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean | NE; Su |
| Amphiura palmeri T Lyman, 1882 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Amphiura rathbuni Koehler, 1914 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | NE |
| Amphiura stimpsonii Lútken, 1859 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1824 | Pipe-cleaner Brittlestar | Northern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | Fa |
| Astrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816) | Grifo Giant Basket Star | Caribbean Sea | Ar; DF; NE; Su |
| Microphiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852) | Sea spiders | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | An; DA; Mo; Su |
| Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson, 1852) | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Ophiactis muelleri Lütken, 1856 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Ophiactis algicola H.L. Clark, 1933 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842) | Savigny's Brittle Star | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean | DF; Mi; NE; Su |
| Ophiocnida scabriuscula (Lútken, 1859) | Lobate Brittle Star | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck, 1816) | Black Brittle Star | Caribbean Sea | Ar; DF; Fa; NE; Su |
| Ophiocoma pumila Lütken, 1859 | Banded Ophiocoma | Caribbean Sea | DF; Fa; Su; Va |
| Ophiocoma wendtii Müller & Troschel, 1842 | Red Ophiocoma | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean | NE; Su |
| Ophiocomella ophiactoides (H. L. Clark, 1963) | Coralline Brittle Star | Caribbean Sea | Ar; Su |
| Ophioderma appressa (Say, 1825) | Harlequin Brittle Star | Caribbean Sea | DF; Mi; NE; Su |
| Ophioderma brevicauda Lütken, 1856 | Short Spined Ophioderma | Caribbean Sea | Ca; DF; Fa; Mi |
| Ophioderma brevispina (Say, 1825) | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | DF; Mi |
| Ophioderma cinerea Müller & Troschel, 1842 | Chocolate Brittle Star | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Ophioderma rubicunda Lütken, 1856 | Ruby Brittle Star | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Ophiolepis elegans Lütken, 1859 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | An; DF; Mi; NE; Su |
| Ophiolepis impressa Lütken, 1859 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Mi; Su |
| Ophiolepis paucispina (Say, 1825) | Scaly Brittle Star | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Ophiomyxa flaccida ( Say, 1825) | Slimy Brittle Star | Caribbean Sea | DF; Su |
| Ophionereis olivacea H. L. Clark, 1901 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1925) | Reticulated Brittle Star | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | DF; NE; Su |
| Ophionereis squamulosa Köehler, 1913 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Ophiopsila hartmeyeri Koehler, 1913 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Ophiopsila riisei Lütken, 1859 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Ar; DF; Su |
| Ophiophragmus wurdemani (Lyman, 1860) | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Va |
| Ophiothrix angulata (Say, 1825) | Angular Brittle Star | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | DF; Mi; NE; Su |
| Ophiothrix brachyactis H. L. Clark, 1915 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Ophiothrix oerstedii Lütken, 1856 | Oersted's Brittle Star | Caribbean Sea | DF; NE; Su |
| Ophiothrix suensonii Lütken, 1856 | Suenson's Brittle Star | Caribbean Sea | NE; Su |
| Ophiura acervata Lyman 1869 | Sea spiders | Caribbean Sea | DA; Mo; Su |

### Echinoidea (Sea urchins and sand dollar)

Echinoidea :
| Species | Common name | Global distribution | Distribution by state |
| Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816) | Purple Sea Urchin. | Caribbean Sea | An; NE; Su |
| Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907 | | Caribbean Sea | An; Su |
| Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778) | Groove Burrowing Urchin | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Westhern Mediterranean Sea | An; DF; Su |
| Clypeaster cyclopylus H.L.Clark, 1941 | | Venezuelan Caribbean Sea | DF (Archp. Los Testigos) |
| Clypeaster euclastus H.L.Clark, 1941 | | Caribbean Sea | An, Ca, DA, DF, Fa |
| Clypeaster lamprus H.L.Clark, 1914 | | Caribbean Sea | Va |
| Clypeaster prostratus Ravenel, 1848 | | Caribbean Sea | Fa, Zu |
| Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea Biscuit | Caribbean Sea | Fa; DF; NE |
| Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825) | Sand Dollar | Caribbean Sea | An; Fa; NE; Su |
| Diadema antillarum (Philippi & Agassiz, 1863) | Long-spined Sea Urchin | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | Ar; Ca; DF; Mi; Su; Va |
| Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) | Rock-boring Urchin | Caribbean Sea | An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu |
| Echinometra viridis Agassiz, 1863 | Green Urchin | Caribbean Sea | Ar; Ca; DF; Fa; Mi |
| Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778) | Sand Dollar, Cookie | Caribbean Sea | Ar; NE; Su |
| Encope michelini Agassiz, 1841 | Notched Sand Dollar | Caribbean Sea | Ar; NE; Su |
| Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) | Slate Pencil Urchin | Caribbean Sea | DF; Mi; NE; Su; Va; Zu |
| Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778) | Six Holed Keyhole Urchin | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | An; Ar; Ca; Mi; NE; Su; Va |
| Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) | Variegated Sea Urchin | Caribbean Sea | An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; su; Va; Zu |
| Mellita quinquiesperforata latiambulacra H. L. Clark, 1940 | Dollar see; Cookie | Caribbean Sea | An; Ar; Ca; DA; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu |
| Meoma ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816) | | Caribbean Sea | DF; NE |
| Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816) | | Caribbean Sea | Su; |
| Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788) | | Caribbean Sea | An; DA; Su |
| Schizaster orbignyanus Agassiz, 1980 | | Caribbean Sea | An; DA; Su |
| Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816) | Sea Egg | Caribbean Sea | DF; Fa; Mi; NE; Su; Va |

### Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)

Holothuroidea :
| Species | Common name | Global distribution | Distribution by state |
| Aslia pygmaea (Théel 1886) | | Venezuelan Caribbean sea | NE |
| Aslia surinamensis (Semper 1868) | | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean | NE |
| Astichopus multifidus (Sluter, 1910) | Fissured Sea Cucumber | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean | DF |
| Chiridota rotifera (Pourtalès, 1851) | Worm Cucumber | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean | Su |
| Euthyonacta solida (Deichmann, 1930) | | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean | Su |
| Holothuria arenicola Semper, 1868 | | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean | Su |
| Holothuria cubana Ludwig, 1875 | | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean | Su |
| Holothuria glaberrima Selenka, 1867 | Brown Rock Sea Cucumber | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean | Su |
| Holothuria grisea (Selenka; 1867) | Gray Sea Cucumber | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean | Su |
| Holothuria impatiens (Forskaal, 1775) | Impatient Sea Cucumber | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean | Su |
| Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875 | Donkey Dung Sea Cucumber | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean | DF; Fa |
| Holothuria occidentalis Ludwig, 1875 | | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Holothuria parvula (Selenka, 1867) | Golden Sea Cucumber | Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean | Su |
| Holothuria princeps (Selenka, 1867) | | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Holothuria surinamensis Ludwig, 1875 | Surinam Sea Cucumber | Caribbean Sea | Zu |
| Holothuria thomasi Pawson & Caycedo, 1980 | Tiger Tail Sea Cocumber | Caribbean Sea | su |
| Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) | Three-rowed Sea Cucumber | Caribbean Sea | DF; Su |
| Lissothuria antillensis Pawson, 1967 | | Venezuelan Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Lissothuria braziliensis (Théel, 1886) | | Venezuelan Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Ocnus suspectus (Ludwig, 1874) | | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852 | | Nortrwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Pseudothyone belli (Luswig, 1887) | | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Sclerodactyla briareus (Lesueur, 1824) | | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Thyone pseudofusus Deichmann, 1930 | | Caribbean Sea | Su |
| Thyonidium seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930) | | Caribbean Sea | Su |