OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elisa Wong

Elisa Wong (born 12 December 1996) is a Chinese-born Italian actress.

## Biography

Wong was born in Beijing, China. After few years in Changchun, she grew up in Rome, Italy. She graduated in Economics and Management at LUISS Business School. After a brief experience in an accounting firm, she decided to pursue her acting career full time.
She made her debut in 2017 with the film A Family (2017), directed by Sebastiano Riso [it].
In 2018, she appeared in the music video of the song "Bye Bye" by singer Annalisa.
She made her TV debut in 2021, playing Robbi in the Netflix series Zero. In the same year, she posed for the advertising of Gucci 100 Years and Costa Cruises.
In 2022, she starred in the second season of POV—I primi anni, distributed by Rai Gulp, as Stella. In the same year she played a translator in the series The Net—Gioco di Squadra, distributed on RaiPlay, and took part in the advertisements for Sushi Daily, the Saudi Arabia tourism board, and The Mall outlets.
In 2023, she played Kumiko in the series Il Clandestino, broadcast on Rai1, and in the Amazon Prime Video series Love Club!, where she played Yan. Also in 2023, she was part of the film Indagine su una storia d'amore, directed by Gianluca Maria Tavarelli.
In the same year, she began filming the third season of Doc – Nelle tue mani as the new resident Lin Wang.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title |
| 2017 | A Family |
| 2019 | Appena un minuto |
| 2023 | Indagine su una storia d'amore |
| 2023 | In fuga con Babbo Natale |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2021 | Zero | Robbi |
| 2022 | POV - i primi anni | Stella |
| 2022 | The Net - Gioco di squadra | translator |
| 2023 | Il clandestino | Kumiko |
| 2023 | The Love Club! | Yan |
| 2023 | DOC nelle tue mani | Wang Lin |

### Music Videos

| Year | Title | Artist |
| 2018 | Bye Bye | Annalisa |
# Impossibility of a gambling system

The principle of the impossibility of a gambling system is a concept in probability. It states that in a random sequence, the methodical selection of subsequences does not change the probability of specific elements. The first mathematical demonstration is attributed to Richard von Mises (who used the term collective rather than sequence).
The principle states that no method for forming a subsequence of a random sequence (the gambling system) improves the odds for a specific event. For instance, a sequence of fair coin tosses produces equal and independent 50/50 chances for heads and tails. A simple system of betting on heads every 3rd, 7th, or 21st toss, etc., does not change the odds of winning in the long run. As a mathematical consequence of computability theory, more complicated betting strategies (such as a martingale) also cannot alter the odds in the long run.
Von Mises' mathematical demonstration defines an infinite sequence of zeros and ones as a random sequence if it is not biased by having the frequency stability property. With this property, the frequency of zeroes in the sequence stabilizes at 1/2, and every possible subsequence selected by any systematic method is likewise not biased.
The subsequence selection criterion is important, because although the sequence 0101010101... is not biased, selecting the odd positions results in 000000... which is not random. Von Mises did not fully define what constituted a "proper" selection rule for subsequences, but in 1940 Alonzo Church defined it as any recursive function which having read the first N elements of the sequence decides if it wants to select element number N+1. Church was a pioneer in the field of computable functions, and the definition he made relied on the Church Turing Thesis for computability.
In the mid-1960s, A. N. Kolmogorov and D. W. Loveland independently proposed a more permissive selection rule. In their view Church's recursive function definition was too restrictive in that it read the elements in order. Instead they proposed a rule based on a partially computable process which having read any N elements of the sequence, decides if it wants to select another element which has not been read yet.
The principle influenced modern concepts in randomness, e.g. the work by A. N. Kolmogorov in considering a finite sequence random (with respect to a class of computing systems) if any program that can generate the sequence is at least as long as the sequence itself.
# Impossibility theorem

Impossibility theorem could refer to:
* Proof of impossibility, a negative proof of a theory
* Arrow's impossibility theorem in welfare economics
# Baliochila pringlei

Baliochila pringlei is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Tanzania (Usambara). Its habitat consists of montane forests.
# Baliochila pseudofragilis

Baliochila pseudofragilis is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in northern Tanzania. Its habitat consists of forest margins and open patches in forests at altitudes between 1,400 and 1,800 metres.
# Baliodryas

Baliodryas is a genus of snakes in the family Colubridae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species, Baliodryas steinbachi. It is endemic to South America.

## Etymology

The specific name, steinbachi is in honor of Dr. Jose Steinbach (1856–1929), who collected biological specimens in South America.

## Distribution and habitat

B. steinbachi is found in Bolivia and Brazil. The preferred natural habitat is forest at an altitude of 250 m (820 ft).

## Biology

B. steinbachi is oviparous.
# Balionebris

Balionebris is a genus of moths in the family Agonoxenidae, with a single species.

## Species

* Balionebris bacteriota Meyrick, 1935
# Elegiasta oodiin

Elegiasta oodiin is a 1921 a collection of poems by Finnish poet Aaro Hellaakoski. The poems consist of short verses reflecting on nature and travel through the landscape.

## Extract

   A race of sucklers, with gnashing jaws,
   you finished the tale of the dinosaurus,
   but you'll never rise above the earth
   as we: you're dust and soil and dearth,
   an organised pack with famished maws. -
   Maybe you'll rise from your mud one day.
   How much, it's up to you say."
   (from 'The Last Dinosaur' in Huojuvat keulat, 1946)

## Sources

* Petri Liukkonen. "Elegiasta oodiin". Books and Writers.
# Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony

Elisabeth of Bavaria-Munich (2 February 1443 – 5 March 1484) was a princess of Bavaria-Munich by birth and by marriage Electress of Saxony.

## Life

Elizabeth was a daughter of the Duke Albert the Pious of Bavaria-Munich (1401–1460) from his marriage to Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen-Einbeck (1420–1474), daughter of the Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Grubenhagen.
She married on 25 November 1460 in Leipzig with the prince who later became the Elector Ernest of Saxony (1441–1486). The engagement took place some ten years before and the marriage should have taken place in 1456, according to the marriage agreement. In 1471, a new palace was built on the Castle Hill in Meissen, as a residence for the royal household. Elisabeth was a key influencing factor for the careful education of her children and especially their scientific training. The marriage of the royal couple was seen as happy and Ernest loved his wife dearly.
The Princess, who is considered the matriarch of the Ernestine line of the House of Wettin, died after a long illness, aged 41. At the end of her life, she was bedridden and for her care a bed with wheels and a hoist was used. Elisabeth died almost simultaneously with her son Adalbert and her mother-in-law Margaret. Ernest died in August of the same year. Elizabeth's son, Frederick the Wise was said to have written to Spalatin that he had ridden from one funeral to the next.

## Children

From their marriage with Ernest, Elizabeth had the following children:
* Christina (1461–1521)
    married in 1478 King John I of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (1455–1513)
* Frederick the Wise (1462–1525), Elector of Saxony
* Ernest (1464–1513), Archbishop of Magdeburg, Administrator of Halberstadt
* Adalbert (1467–1484), Administrator of the Archdiocese of Mainz.
* John the Steadfast (1468–1532), Elector of Saxony
    married firstly in 1500 Princess Sophie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1481–1503)
    married secondly in 1513 Princess Margarete of Anhalt (1494–1521)
* Margarete (1469–1528)
    married in 1487 Duke Henry I of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1468–1532)
* Wolfgang (1473–1478)

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony :

## Footnotes

* ↑ Gustav von Hasselholdt-Stockheim: Herzog Albrecht IV. von Bayern und seine Zeit, Wagner, 1865, p. 328
* ↑ Johann Christian Konrad Hofmann: Zeitschrift für Protestantismus und Kirche, vol 44-45, A. Deichert, 1862, p. 2
* ↑ Franz Otto Stichart: Das Königreich Sachsen und seine Fürsten, C. L. Hirschfeld, 1854, p. 97
* ↑ Carola Fey, Steffen Krieb, Werner Rösener: Mittelalterliche Fürstenhöfe und ihre Erinnerungskulturen, V&R Unipress GmbH, 2007, p. 267
* ↑ Karl Wilhelm Böttiger: Geschichte des Kurstaates und Königreiches Sachsen, vol. 2, F. A. Perthes, 1867, p. 409
# Elgonima

Elgonima is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. It has a single species, Elgonima seticeps.
# Elgonina infuscata

Elgonina infuscata is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Elgonina of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

The Elgonina infuscata is found in Kenya, Africa.
# InSSIDer

inSSIDer is a Wi-Fi network scanner application for Microsoft Windows and OS X developed by MetaGeek, LLC. It has received awards such as a 2008 Infoworld Bossie Award for "Best of Open Source Software in Networking", but as of inSSIDer 3, it is no longer open-source.

## History

inSSIDer began as a replacement for NetStumbler, a popular Windows Wi-Fi scanner, which had not been actively developed for several years and reputedly did not work with modern 64-bit operating systems or versions of Windows higher than Windows XP. The project was inspired by Charles Putney on The Code Project.

## Features

* New in Version 5.0: channel utilization break down to show device (AP and client) airtime utilization; see connected client devices and info about client such as utilization and signal strength
* Gathers information from wireless card and software
* Helps choose the best wireless channel available
* Wi-Fi network information such as SSID, MAC, vendor, data rate, signal strength, and security
* Graphs signal strength over time
* Shows which Wi-Fi network channels overlap

## System requirements
### Windows

* Version 5.0: Microsoft Windows 7 or higher
* Version 3.0: Microsoft Windows XP SP3 or higher
* Version 2.1: Microsoft Windows XP SP2
* Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 or higher

### OS X

* OS X Mountain Lion 10.8 or higher
# Figure and ground

Figure and ground or Figure ground may refer to:
* Figure and ground (media), a concept developed by media theorist Marshall McLuhan
* Figure–ground (perception), referring to humans' ability to separate foreground from background in visual images. Figure-ground perception is one of the main issues in gestalt psychology.
* Figure-ground in map design, the ability to easily discriminate the main figure from the ground
# Figure Reasoning Test

The Figure Reasoning Test (FRT) is an intelligence test created by John Clifford Daniels in the late 1940s. It consists of two forms, Form A and Form B. Each form contains 45 questions, with the test taker given 20 minutes to complete each form.
The test is utilised by several Mensa chapters in Europe, including Mensa Norway and Mensa Sweden, as well as by Mensa South Africa for their admissions processes. To qualify for Mensa, it is not necessary to complete both forms of the test. Each form independently provides an IQ percentile based on the raw score achieved by the test taker. Mensa Norway provides an online test that resembles the format of the Figure Reasoning Test.
# Elvin Hasan

Elvin Hasan (born 10 April 1985), is a Macedonian politician. He serves as Government minister without Portfolio for Attracting foreign investment of the Republic of Macedonia. He is of Turkish descent. He is vice president of Macedonia Turkish Movement Party (MTHP). He has been actively involved in social activities and political developments in the non-governmental sector and the MTHP from an early age.

## Early life

Hasan was born on 10 April 1985 in Štip.
He finished his primary and secondary education in Radovish, and graduated from the Faculty of Education Sciences at UGD in Shtip.
Focusing on education management, he completed his Master's studies and obtained his PhD at the Institute for Pedagogy at UKIM, in Skopje.
In 2016, he finished his postgraduate studies at the Institute of Educational Sciences (Management of Education and Public Policy) at the State University of Ankara, Republic of Turkey. He was the deputy director of the State Examination Center, from where he was appointed Minister of State.

## Career

From 2011 to 2013 he was vice president of the non-governmental organization “UFUK”. From 2013 to 2016 he was secretary, from 2016 to 2018 president, mainly establishing links with institutions, non-governmental organizations and chambers of commerce from the Republic of Turkey, the Balkans and countries of the Turkish Diaspora.
From 2012 to 2014, he was the editor-in-chief of the magazine Ufuk in Macedonian, from 2014 to 2015 he was editor-in-chief of Ufuk Dergisi in Turkish, which is of international character. Since 2016 he was the editor- in-chief of the portal and e-magazine Haber Macedonia.
In education, he worked as a Turkish teacher, he was the assistant of the Turkish language and literature group at the Faculty of Philology at Goce Delčev University of Štip, and was engaged at the Faculty of Education “Kliment Ohridski” in Skopje, as well as International Vision University in Gostivar.
He is a member of the Macedonia Turkish Movement Party, a permanent partner of the Social Democrats. Since 19 November 2017 he was part of Macedonia Turkish Movement Party central management, and he was elected vice president of the party on November 17, 2018.
# Balsam Creek, Ontario

Balsam Creek is a community located on Highway 63 in the district of Nipissing in Northern Ontario. The village is part of the unincorporated township of Phelps. It is located about 25 km north-east of the city of North Bay.
# Eliza Smith

Eliza Smith may refer to:
* Eliza Smith (writer) (died c. 1732), American cookery book writer
* Eliza Bland Smith Erskine Norton (born Eliza Bland Smith, 1795–1855), British poet
* Eliza Doyle Smith (1859–1932), American songwriter
* Eliza Kennedy Smith (1889–1964), American suffragist
# Elzear Duquette

Elzear Duquette (1910 Mirabel, Quebec – February 6, 1988 Saint-Sulpice, Quebec) was a Canadian long-distance walker who undertook multiple cross-continental solo endurance walks. Dubbed the "King of the Walk," Duquette walked for over 40 years.
From 1969 to 1976, Duquette traveled on foot round trip from Montreal to destinations including Vancouver, Tokyo, and Paris. He covered over 23,000 miles on his trips.
Duquette pulled a small cart, which he called his "coffin," which he both slept in and used to carry all of his necessities for the trip. He supported himself through the sale of mementos and through television appearances along the journey.
# El Crisol metro station

El Crisol is a Panama Metro station on Line 2. It was opened on 25 April 2019 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 between San Miguelito and Nuevo Tocumen. This is an elevated station built above Avenida Domingo Díaz in the city quarter of El Crisol. The station is located between Villa Lucre and Brisas del Golf.
# Hugh Porter (disambiguation)

Hugh Porter may refer to:
* Hugh Porter (born 1940), English cyclist and BBC commentator
* Hugh Porter (cricketer) (1911–1982), English cricketer
* Hugh Porter (poet) (1780–1839), Ulster Scots poet
* Hugh Porter (politician) (1843–1936), American politician in Wisconsin
# Eine für alle – Frauen können's besser

Eine für alle – Frauen können's besser is a German television series.
# Donat O'Kennedy

Donat O'Kennedy was Archdeacon then Bishop of Killaloe from 1231 until 1252.
# Epigomphus sulcatistyla

Epigomphus sulcatistyla is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to Mexico, where it is found in the Sierra de los Tuxtlas of southern Veracruz state. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Echizen

Echizen may refer to:
* Echizen Province, an old province of Japan
* Echizen, Fukui, a city in Fukui Prefecture
* Echizen, Fukui (town), a town adjacent to said city, in Fukui Prefecture
* Nomura's jellyfish, also known as Echizen jellyfish
* Mount Echizen-dake, in Shizuoka Prefecture
# Hung Nam

Hung Nam (Chinese: 南紅, born 1934) is a Chinese actress and film producer from Hong Kong. Nam is credited with over 170 films.

## Early life

In 1934, Nam was born.

## Career

Nam started as a Cantonese opera performer and she was a Hung Sin Nui’s protégé. Nam studied Cantonese opera under Hung Sin Nui for six years.
In 1952, Nam started her acting career. Nam debuted in Red Rose, the Songstress, a 1952 drama film directed by Chun Kim. Nam was known for her lead role as Xiaolongnü in The Story of the Great Heroes (Part 1 to Part 4), 1960-1961 martial arts films directed by Lee Fa. The films were an adaption from Louis Cha's novel The Return of the Condor Heroes. In 1962, Nam co-founded Rose Motion Picture Company. In 1963, Nam became a producer. Nam was both a producer and a lead actress in films such as Tear-Laden Rose (1963), The Black Rose (1965), Love Never Fades (1965), Spy with My Face (1966), and Wise Wives and Foolish Husbands (1969), where her husband was the director. Nam's last film was Black Rose II, a 1997 comedy film directed by Jeff Lau Chun-Wai and Corey Yuen Kwai. Nam is credited with over 170 films.

## Filmography
### Films

This is a partial list of films.
* 1952 Red Rose, the Songstress
* 1952 Girl in Red (Chinese: 一丈紅)
* 1952 A Melancholy Melody (Part 2)
* 1952 A Ready Lover
* 1954 Autumn - Chun Lan.
* 1957 She Married an Overseas Chinese (aka China Wife) - Chong So-Ching.
* 1957 The Whispering Palm (aka Moon Over Malaya) - Leung Choi Lin.
* 1959 Orchid in the Storm (aka Twilight of Love)
* 1960 The Story of the Great Heroes (Part 1) - Xiaolongnü
* 1960 The Story of the Great Heroes (Part 2)
* 1961 The Story of the Great Heroes (Part 3)
* 1961 The Story of the Great Heroes (Part 4)
* 1963 Tear-Laden Rose - also as Producer.
* 1965 The Black Rose - Chan Mei-Yi. Also as Producer.
* 1965 Love Never Fades - also as Producer.
* 1966 Spy with My Face - Chan Mei-Yi. Also as Producer.
* 1966 Lady Bond (Chivalrous Girl) - Lee Ping.
* 1967 The Great Lover - Lam Yuk-Hing.
* 1967 My Darling Wife
* 1967 Romance of a Teenage Girl (aka Young Love, A Young Girl's Love) - Kit-Hung.
* 1967 They All Fall in Love - Suk-Han.
* 1967 To Rose with Love - Actress, screenwriter.
* 1969 Wise Wives and Foolish Husbands - also as Producer.
* 1986 Last Song in Paris - Chin Mei.
* 1997 Black Rose II

## Personal life

Nam's husband was Chor Yuen, a film director, screenwriter, and actor. They were married since 1967 until Yuen's death in 2022.
# Liceo Cervantes

Liceo Cervantes may refer to:
* Liceo Español Cervantes in Rome, Italy
* Liceo Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra, in Santiago de Chile
# Easter hotspot

The Easter hotspot is a volcanic hotspot located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. The hotspot created the Sala y Gómez Ridge which includes Easter Island, Salas y Gómez Island and the Pukao Seamount which is at the ridge's young western edge. Easter Island, because of its tectonomagmatic features (low eruptive rate, scattered rift zones, and scarce lateral collapses), represents an end-member type of hotspot volcano in this chain.
The hotspot may also be responsible for the formation of the Tuamotu Archipelago, Line Islands, and the chain of seamounts lying in between.
# Earl Jolly Brown

Edwin Earl "Jolly" Brown (October 18, 1939 – August 26, 2006) was an American actor.
Brown's best known role was as Whisper, a henchman in the 1973 James Bond film Live and Let Die. Other film appearances include Black Belt Jones (1974), Truck Turner (1974) and Linda Lovelace for President (1975). He was also active on television, with credits including Perry Mason, The Odd Couple, and Laverne and Shirley.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1973 | Live and Let Die | Whisper | |
| 1974 | Black Belt Jones | Jelly | |
| 1974 | Truck Turner | Overweight Bar Patron | Uncredited |
| 1975 | Linda Lovelace for President | Polmes | |
| 1984 | Beverly Hills Cop | Bar Patron | Uncredited |
# Hugh Couchman

Hugh Couchman is a Canadian astronomer and professor at McMaster University. He is a computational astrophysicist who studies the growth of structure in the universe via gravitational N-body simulations.

## Early life and education

Couchman received both his undergraduate and graduate degrees from Cambridge University. In his final year as an undergraduate, he took a course in astronomy taught by Martin Reese, which sparked his interest in cosmology. In 1986, he completed his Ph.D. from the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge.

## Career

After finishing his PhD, Couchman moved to Canada to begin a postdoctoral fellowship at the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics. He spent some time as an assistant professor in the department of Astronomy at the University of Toronto, before beginning a position at the department of physics and astronomy at the University of Western Ontario in 1991.
In 1999, he moved to the department of physics and astronomy at McMaster University. There he helped found SHARCNET, a consortium of universities in South Western Ontario that have joined high performance computers together by optical fiber. He is also a member of the Virgo Consortium for Cosmological Supercomputer Simulations, an international collaboration which performs state-of-the-art cosmological simulations of the large scale structure of the Universe.

## Awards and recognition

* Fellow of the CIFAR Program in Gravitation and Cosmology

## Selected publications

* MacFarland, Tom; Couchman, H.M.P.; Pearce, F.R.; Pichlmeier, Jakob (1998). "A new parallel code for very large-scale cosmological simulations". New Astronomy. 3 (8): 687–705. arXiv:astro-ph/9805096. Bibcode:1998NewA....3..687M. doi:10.1016/S1384-1076(98)00033-5. ISSN 1384-1076. S2CID 118250431.
* Couchman, H. M. P.; Peebles, P. J. E. (1998-04-20). "A Numerical Renormalization Solution for Self‐similar Cosmic Structure Formation". The Astrophysical Journal. 497 (2): 499–511. arXiv:astro-ph/9708230. Bibcode:1998ApJ...497..499C. doi:10.1086/305499. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 2562194.
* Couchman, H. M. P.; Thomas, P. A.; Pearce, F. R. (1995). "Hydra: an Adaptive-Mesh Implementation of P 3M-SPH". The Astrophysical Journal. 452: 797. arXiv:astro-ph/9409058. Bibcode:1995ApJ...452..797C. doi:10.1086/176348. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119419684.
# Eurema lacteola

Eurema lacteola, the scarce grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the yellows and whites, which is found in India, Peninsular Malaya, Java, Sumatra and Borneo.
# Aswaraopeta

Aswaraopeta is a mandal in Bhadradri Kothagudem district, Telangana.

## Geography

Ashwaraopeta is located at 17°15′00″N 81°08′00″E﻿ / ﻿17.2500°N 81.1333°E﻿ / 17.2500; 81.1333.
# Euthymius of Constantinople (11th century)

Euthymius of Constantinople (fl. 1050) was a monk who wrote about the Bogomils.
# Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst

Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst was a noble family of the Netherlands which originated in Germany. It was a line of the Limburg-Styrum family and was partitioned from Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst-Borkelö in 1766.

## Counts of Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst (1766–1806)

| Name | Reign |
| Frederick Theodore Ernest | 1766–1806 |