OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# FIS Cross-Country Nor-Am Cup

The FIS Cross-Country Nor-Am Cup is a series of cross-country skiing events arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS). It is one of the nine FIS Cross-Country Continental Cups, a second-level competition ranked below the Cross-Country World Cup. The Nor-Am Cup is open for competitors from all nations, but are mainly a competition for skiers from Canada.
The Nor-Am Cup has been held since the 2001 season, and has been a part of the Cross-Country Continental Cup since the 2004–05 season.

## World Cup qualification

In the end of certain periods, the overall leaders for both genders receive a place in the World Cup in the following period. The overall winners of the season receive a place in the World Cup in the beginning of the following season.

## Overall winners
### Men

| Season | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2007–08 | Stefan Kuhn | Graham Nishikawa | Brent McMurtry |
| 2008–09 | Graham Nishikawa (1) | Alex Harvey | David Nighbor |
| 2009–10 | Brent McMurtry | Graham Nishikawa | Drew Goldsack |
| 2010–11 | Graham Nishikawa (2) | Drew Goldsack | George Grey |
| 2011–12 | Kevin Sandau | Brent McMurtry | Jesse Cockney |
| 2012–13 | Jesse Cockney | Graham Nishikawa | Michael Somppi |
| 2013–14 | Graham Nishikawa (3) | Kevin Sandau | Michael Somppi |
| 2014–15 | Michael Somppi | Kevin Sandau | Andy Shields |
| 2015–16 | Andy Shields (1) | Kevin Sandau | Knute Johnsgaard |
| 2016–17 | Russell Kennedy | Evan Palmer-Charrette | Andy Shields |
| 2017–18 | Andy Shields (2) | Jesse Cockney | Evan Palmer-Charrette |
| 2018–19 | Philippe Boucher | Alexis Dumas | Julien Locke |
| 2019–20 | Antoine Cyr | Evan Palmer-Charrette | Ricardo Izquierdo-Bernier |
| 2020–21 | Not held due to the coronavirus pandemic | Not held due to the coronavirus pandemic | Not held due to the coronavirus pandemic |
| 2021–22 | Antoine Cyr (2) | Russell Kennedy | Rémi Drolet |

### Women

| Season | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2007–08 | Perianne Jones (1) | Madeleine Williams | Daria Gaiazova |
| 2008–09 | Madeleine Williams | Daria Gaiazova | Laura Valaas |
| 2009–10 | Daria Gaiazova | Madeleine Williams | Brooke Gosling |
| 2010–11 | Perianne Jones (2) | Emily Nishikawa | Brittany Webster |
| 2011–12 | Alysson Marshall | Emily Nishikawa | Kate Brennan |
| 2013–14 | Amanda Ammar | Kate Brennan | Alysson Marshall |
| 2014–15 | Emily Nishikawa | Andrea Dupont | Dahria Beatty |
| 2015–16 | Dahria Beatty | Cendrine Browne | Olivia Bouffard-Nesbitt |
| 2016–17 | Chelsea Holmes | Katherine Stewart-Jones | Emily Nishikawa |
| 2017–18 | Caitlin Gregg | Olivia Bouffard-Nesbitt | Annika Hicks |
| 2018–19 | Katherine Stewart-Jones | Dahria Beatty | Zoe Williams |
| 2019–20 | Katherine Stewart-Jones (2) | Cendrine Browne | Laura Leclair |
| 2020–21 | Not held due to the coronavirus pandemic | Not held due to the coronavirus pandemic | Not held due to the coronavirus pandemic |
| 2021–22 | Katherine Stewart-Jones (3) | Cendrine Browne | Olivia Bouffard-Nesbitt |
# Franks Diner

Franks Diner is a Jerry O'Mahony Diner Company lunch car diner in Kenosha, Wisconsin.

## Notable features

The diner seats 55 patrons and is known for the numerous slogans posted on the walls, such as "Order what you want, eat what you get." The diner's signature dish is the Garbage Plate, which consists of a large omelette cooked together with hash browns and meat.

## History

The dining car was built in Bayonne, New Jersey, in 1926 and transported on a railroad flatcar to Kenosha. It was then pulled by six horses to its current downtown location near the shoreline of Lake Michigan. Anthony Franks, who first learned of the restaurant opportunity through a magazine article, paid US$7,500 (equivalent to $129,079 in 2023) plus $325 in shipping charges to establish Franks' Diner.
Over the years, there have been few changes to the structural appearance of the diner. The original lunch car has an open grill and counter with 17 stools. In 1935, a small dining room was added, which now houses seven booths. Additionally, a larger kitchen was added in the mid-1940s.
The Franks family operated Franks Diner continuously until 2001 when they sold it to Lynn Groleau, Chris Schwartz, and Kris Derwae. In 2006, Derwae sold her share to Groleau and Schwartz.
In December 2010, Kevin Ervin and Julie Rittmiller purchased the restaurant and stated that they had no plans to make changes in Franks Diner's operations.
Many renovations have been completed on Franks Diner since 2001. The original kitchen, then pantry, was renovated into an additional dining area. The arched wooden ceiling and much of the woodwork was restored. Removing layers of paint uncovered the original "Franks DINER" hand-lettered sign painted on what was the outer side of the original dining car, now facing the inside of the main dining area.

## Celebrity patrons

In past years, Vaudeville and other entertainment acts at local theaters were popular. Many performers, including The Three Stooges, Bela Lugosi, Duke Ellington, Liberace and members of the Lawrence Welk orchestra, dined at Franks. Recent celebrity sightings include Chicago news anchor Ron Magers; New York weather presenter and actor Lonnie Quinn; and Peter Tork of The Monkees; and Food Network host Guy Fieri, who featured the diner on Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives. Franks Diner has been featured in numerous other television shows, travel magazines, newspapers and radio programs.
# Steve Reid (disambiguation)

Steve Reid (born 1944) is an American jazz drummer.
Steve Reid may also refer to:
* Steve Reid (video game producer), American video game producer
* Steve Reid (golfer) (born 1936), American former PGA Tour player
* Steve Reid (American football) (1914–2009), American football player
* Steve Reid (The Rippingtons), American jazz drummer, best known as a founding member of The Rippingtons
* Steve Reid (soccer) (born 1955), American soccer player
# List of highways numbered 131

The following highways are numbered 131:

## Canada

* Ontario Highway 131 (former)
* Prince Edward Island Route 131
* Quebec Route 131

## Costa Rica

* National Route 131

## Cuba

* Guanabacoa–Jaruco Road (2–131)

## India

* National Highway 131 (India)

## Italy

* State road 131

## Japan

* Japan National Route 131

## United Kingdom

* A131 road

## United States

* U.S. Route 131
* Alabama State Route 131
* Arkansas Highway 131
* California State Route 131
* Colorado State Highway 131
* Connecticut Route 131
* Florida State Road 131 (former)
** County Road 131 (Columbia County, Florida)
* Georgia State Route 131 (former)
* Illinois Route 131
* Indiana State Road 131 (former)
* Iowa Highway 131 (former)
* K-131 (Kansas highway)
* Kentucky Route 131
* Louisiana Highway 131
* Maine State Route 131
* Maryland Route 131
* Massachusetts Route 131
* M-131 (Michigan highway) (former)
* Missouri Route 131
* Nebraska Highway 131 (former)
* County Route 131 (Bergen County, New Jersey)
* New Mexico State Road 131
* New York State Route 131
** County Route 131 (Cayuga County, New York)
** County Route 131 (Cortland County, New York)
** County Route 131 (Fulton County, New York)
** County Route 131 (Montgomery County, New York)
** County Route 131 (Niagara County, New York)
** County Route 131 (Onondaga County, New York)
** County Route 131 (Schenectady County, New York)
** County Route 131 (Tompkins County, New York)
** County Route 131 (Westchester County, New York)
* North Carolina Highway 131
* Ohio State Route 131
* Oklahoma State Highway 131
* Oregon Route 131
* Pennsylvania Route 131 (former)
* Tennessee State Route 131
* Texas State Highway 131
** Texas State Highway Spur 131
** Farm to Market Road 131
* Utah State Route 131
** Utah State Route 131 (1933–2001) (former)
* Vermont Route 131
* Virginia State Route 131
** Virginia State Route 131 (1923-1928) (former)
** Virginia State Route 131 (1928-1933) (former)
* Washington State Route 131
* West Virginia Route 131
* Wisconsin Highway 131
* Wyoming Highway 131

### Territories

* Puerto Rico Highway 131
| Preceded by 130 | Lists of highways 131 | Succeeded by 132 |
# Goat, Chelsea

Goat is an Italian restaurant and cocktail bar at 333 Fulham Road in Chelsea, London, England.
It was originally a pub called the Goat, which in 1725 became the Goat in Boots. In 2013, it was renamed to "Goat".
# Steel Umbrellas

Steel Umbrellas is the tenth studio album by Canadian rock band Saga. The songs were written for the US TV series Cobra. The album is the second produced after the reformation of the classic line-up, and the first one to feature two songs sung by keyboardist Jim Gilmour.

## Track listing

All lyrics and music written by Saga, except "(You Were) Never Alone" by Saga and Gerald O' Brien; "Push It" by Saga, Craig Van Sickle and Steve Mitchell

## Note

Alternate versions of the CD include the track "(Walking On) Thin Ice" in place of "Push It". "(Walking On) Thin Ice" was also used as a b-side for the second single release "(You Were) Never Alone", which also included an "edited version" of the album track that opens with a differently mixed intro. "Why Not?" was the first single from the album and also edited for the single release.

## Personnel

* Michael Sadler – lead and backing vocals
* Ian Crichton – guitars
* Jim Gilmour – keyboards, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Shake That Tree" and "Say Goodbye to Hollywood"
* Jim Crichton – bass
* Steve Negus – drums, percussion
* Paula Mattioli, Fred White, Stu "The Rooster" Saddoris – backing vocals

## Production

* Produced by Jim Crichton & Saga
* Music Supervisor – Spencer Proffer, Cherry Lane Music
* Recording Engineer – Jim Crichton
* Recording Engineer (Keyboards) – Steve Negus
* Mixed by Mike Ging
* Recorded and mixed at Goodnight L.A.B., Van Nuys, California
* Art Direction & Design – Vivid Images
* Front Cover Concept – Penny Crichton
* Photography – Penny Crichton
* Front Cover Images – Joannis and Stephen Jacaruso for Vivid Images
* Steel Umbrellas by Heidi Coyle

## Charts

| Chart (1994) | Peak position |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 65 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 29 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 39 |
# Foundation for a Secure and Prosperous America

The Foundation for a Secure and Prosperous America or FSPA is a 501(c)(4) nonprofit political organization best known for funding an anonymous television attack advertisement against Kentucky Senator Rand Paul the day after he announced his candidacy for the 2016 United States presidential election. The ad, which aired in multiple states and markets including the early primary states of Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina and Nevada, attacks Rand Paul for his alleged support of the Iranian Nuclear Agreement brokered by the Obama Administration. The ad also attacks Rand Paul for past statements about the Iranian nuclear issue and the Iranian government, especially a bit from a 2007 radio interview in which Paul, referring to Iran, stated, "You know, it's ridiculous to think that they're a threat to our national security." Since the ad first aired, Paul himself has clarified his position with respect to the cited statement, explaining "2007 was a long time ago and events do change over long periods of time."
The FSPA reportedly spent one million dollars on the ad run but has declined to list its donors as it is under no legal obligation to do so. The FSPA existed before Paul's candidacy and in fact ran ads in the past. Despite apparent opposition to at least some aspects of Paul's candidacy, the FSPA has not endorsed any particular candidate for any election, including the 2016 US presidential election.

## History

Foundation for a Secure and Prosperous America was first granted tax-exempt status by the IRS in September 2008 as a social welfare organization under the 501(c)(4) statute. It is not clear when the entity was founded or whether it succeeded/survived a previous entity. Its earliest known IRS filing was in 2007.
Because of its tax-exempt status and opaque public presence it has been described by both liberal and conservative media outlets and public figures as "secretive," and a "shadow group". John McCain, a current US Senator and notable reformer of campaign finance, specifically requested his donors not to contribute to the FSPA despite being the beneficiary of its advertisements. According to Rick Davis, his 2008 Presidential Campaign manager, McCain "condemned this anonymous group’s efforts and asked that they stop airing the advertisement."
# FIS Cross-Country Slavic Cup

The FIS Cross-Country Slavic Cup is a series of cross-country skiing events arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS). It is one of the nine FIS Cross-Country Continental Cups, a second-level competition ranked below the World Cup. The Slavic Cup is open for competitors from all nations, but are mainly a competition for skiers from three nations; Hungary, Poland and Slovakia.
The Slavic Cup has been held since 2005 and has been a part of the Cross-Country Continental Cup since then.

## World Cup qualification

In the end of certain periods, the overall leaders for both genders receive a place in the World Cup in the following period. The overall winners of the season receive a place in the World Cup in the beginning of the following season.

## Overall winners
### Men

| Season | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2007–08 | Mariusz Michałek (1) | Václav Kupilík | Jan Rykr |
| 2008–09 | Mariusz Michałek (2) | Petr Novák | Václav Kupilík |
| 2009–10 | Mariusz Michałek (3) | Jan Rykr | Krzysztof Stec |
| 2010–11 | Peter Mlynár (1) | Maciej Staręga | Jan Antolec |
| 2011–12 | Aleš Razým | Maciej Staręga | Jan Antolec |
| 2012–13 | Jiří Horčička | Ondřej Horyna | Jan Antolec |
| 2013–14 | Jakub Gräf | Jacob Kordutch | Ondřej Horyna |
| 2014–15 | Mateusz Chowaniak | Paweł Klisz | Jacob Tony Kordac |
| 2015–16 | Miroslav Šulek | Peter Mlynár | Andrej Segeč |
| 2016–17 | Dušan Kožíšek | Adam Fellner | Luděk Šeller |
| 2017–18 | Peter Mlynár (2) | Mateusz Haratyk | Andrej Segeč |
| 2018–19 | Ján Koristek | Dominik Bury | Paweł Klisz |
| 2019–20 | Mateusz Haratyk | Kacper Antolec | Peter Mlynár |
| 2020–21 | Petr Knop | Paul Constantin Pepene | Petrică Hogiu |

### Women

| Season | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2007–08 | Justyna Kowalczyk | Klara Moravcová | Eva Skalníková |
| 2008–09 | Klára Moravcová | Eva Skalníková | Kamila Rajdlová |
| 2009–10 | Katarína Garajová | Martina Chrástková | Klára Moravcová |
| 2010–11 | Justyna Mordarska | Ewelina Marcisz | Lucia Klimková |
| 2011–12 | Agnieszka Szymańczak | Anna Staręga | Justyna Mordarska |
| 2012–13 | Daniela Kotschová | Agnieszka Szymańczak | Martyna Galewicz |
| 2013–14 | Sandra Schützová | Eliška Hájková | Klara Moravcova |
| 2014–15 | Magdalena Kozielska | Sandra Schuetzová | Barbora Klementová |
| 2015–16 | Barbora Klementová | Marcela Marcisz | Martyna Galewicz |
| 2016–17 | Urszula Łętocha | Anna Sixtová | Eva Segečová |
| 2017–18 | Eliza Rucka | Urszula Łętocha | Alena Procházková |
| 2018–19 | Izabela Marcisz | Eliza Rucka | Agata Warło |
| 2019–20 | Magdalena Kobielusz | Barbora Klementová | Karolina Kaleta Kristina Sivokova |
| 2020–21 | Karolina Kaleta | Alena Procházková | Patricija Eiduka |
# Fred Coates

Frederick Coates (16 November 1879 – 1956) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Glossop.
# Star Wolf

Star Wolf or Starwolf may refer to:
* Star Wolf, a 1971 science-fiction novel by Ted White
* Star Wolf, a team of mercenaries from the Star Fox series of video games.
* Star Wolf (novel series), a series of science fiction novels by American writer David Gerrold
* Star Wolf (TV series), a Japanese science fiction TV series based on the novel series
* Starwolf (novel series), a series of three novels by Edmond Hamilton
# 2000–01 QSPHL season

The 2000–01 QSPHL season was the fifth season of the Quebec Semi-Pro Hockey League, a minor professional league in the Canadian province of Quebec. 14 teams participated in the regular season, and the Mission de Joliette won the league title.

## Regular season

| Division Est | GP | W | L | OTL | SOL | GF | GA | Pts |
| Garaga de Saint-Georges | 44 | 32 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 229 | 139 | 67 |
| Prolab de Thetford Mines | 44 | 29 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 233 | 164 | 65 |
| Dubé d'Asbestos | 44 | 24 | 15 | 2 | 3 | 222 | 231 | 53 |
| Grand Portneuf de Pont-Rouge | 44 | 23 | 17 | 1 | 3 | 173 | 162 | 50 |
| Condors de Jonquière | 44 | 22 | 18 | 1 | 3 | 228 | 208 | 48 |
| Papetiers de Windsor | 44 | 16 | 21 | 4 | 3 | 176 | 228 | 39 |
| As de Beaupré | 44 | 15 | 24 | 3 | 2 | 186 | 248 | 35 |
| Division Ouest | GP | W | L | OTL | SOL | GF | GA | Pts |
| Mission de Joliette | 44 | 28 | 10 | 1 | 5 | 238 | 170 | 62 |
| Dragons de Saint-Laurent | 44 | 26 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 192 | 178 | 56 |
| Chiefs de Laval | 44 | 25 | 16 | 1 | 2 | 206 | 190 | 53 |
| Royaux de Sorel | 44 | 20 | 22 | 1 | 1 | 181 | 179 | 42 |
| Beaulieu d'Acton Vale | 44 | 18 | 24 | 1 | 1 | 180 | 220 | 38 |
| Rapides de LaSalle | 44 | 16 | 24 | 3 | 1 | 162 | 219 | 36 |
| Blitz de Granby | 44 | 13 | 29 | 1 | 1 | 164 | 230 | 28 |

## Coupe Futura-Playoffs

| Coupe Futura-Quarterfinals | Coupe Futura-Quarterfinals | Coupe Futura-Quarterfinals | Coupe Futura-Semifinals | Coupe Futura-Semifinals | Coupe Futura-Semifinals | Coupe Futura-Final | Coupe Futura-Final | Coupe Futura-Final |
| O1 | Mission de Joliette | 4 | | | | | | |
| O5 | Beaulieu d'Acton Vale | 1 | | | | | | |
| O5 | Beaulieu d'Acton Vale | 1 | O1 | Mission de Joliette | 4 | | | |
| Division Ouest | Division Ouest | Division Ouest | O1 | Mission de Joliette | 4 | | | |
| Division Ouest | Division Ouest | Division Ouest | O2 | Dragons de Saint-Laurent | 1 | | | |
| O2 | Dragons de Saint-Laurent | 4 | O2 | Dragons de Saint-Laurent | 1 | | | |
| O3 | Chiefs de Laval | 2 | | | | | | |
| O3 | Chiefs de Laval | 2 | | | | O1 | Mission de Joliette | 4 |
| | | | | | | E1 | Garaga de Saint-Georges | 3 |
| E1 | Garaga de Saint-Georges | 4 | | | | | | | E1 | Garaga de Saint-Georges | 3 |
| E5 | Condors de Jonquière | 0 | | | | | | |
| E5 | Condors de Jonquière | 0 | E1 | Garaga de Saint-Georges | 4 | | | |
| Division Est | Division Est | Division Est | E1 | Garaga de Saint-Georges | 4 | | | |
| Division Est | Division Est | Division Est | E2 | Prolab de Thetford Mines | 0 | | | |
| E2 | Prolab de Thetford Mines | 4 | E2 | Prolab de Thetford Mines | 0 | | | |
| E3 | Dubé d'Asbestos | 3 | | | | | | |
# Haliplus leechi

Haliplus leechi is a species of Haliplus discovered by Wallis in 1933.
# Gojčin (Kalesija)

Gojčin is a village in the municipalities of Osmaci (Republika Srpska) and Kalesija, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 540, with 119 of them living in the Osmaci part and 421 in the Kalesija part.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 394 | 73.0% |
| Serbs | 140 | 25.9% |
| other/undeclared | 6 | 1.1% |
| Total | 540 | 100% |
# Stenoma viridiceps

Stenoma viridiceps is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Cajetan Felder, Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Colombia.
# Halbeath

Halbeath is an area and former village in the northeast of Dunfermline, Fife. It derives its name from the Gaelic choil beath, which means "wood of birches", and began as a colliery village. In the summer of 1789, a coal pit was sunk at Halbeath, two and a half miles northeast of Dunfermline, and by 1821, 841 people were reported to be living in the village.

## Education

A school was built in Halbeath in 1875 under the School Board of the Parish of Dunfermline but was closed in 1966. A new primary school, Carnegie Primary, opened in Halbeath in August 2011. It was previously a virtual school which shared its campus with Inverkeithing Primary School.
Lauder Technical College was founded by Andrew Carnegie's uncle, George Lauder, Sr., father of George Lauder, Andrew's cousin and business partner, in 1899. The original campus was situated in the centre of Dunfermline before moving to Halbeath in 1970. The name was changed to Carnegie College in 2007. Carnegie College came together with Adam Smith College in August 2013 to form Fife College. There is also a Busy Bees nursery on the Carnegie College campus.

## Transport

The A92 road was extended in 1997, linking the roundabout at Carnegie College to the M90 motorway. This removed 22,000 vehicles a day from Main Street and Sandybank, the two busiest streets in Halbeath and greatly reduced congestion in the village.
Construction of the Halbeath Park & Ride started in late 2012 and opened on 25 November 2013. The construction was funded by the Scottish Government and European Regional Development Fund. The aims were to reduce congestion problems during the construction of the Queensferry Crossing, to provide alternative routes to Edinburgh and Glasgow and to reduce traffic in Dunfermline town centre. There have been calls to build a new railway station at the Park & Ride with the same aims as the Park & Ride. Currently, the nearest station is Dunfermline Queen Margaret railway station.
# Ezerjó

Ezerjó is a white Hungarian wine grape grown primarily in the Mór region. Locally it is prized for its very fruity nose and crisp, full-bodied freshness. It is rare to find a bottle outside of Hungary as most is consumed by the local population and production is limited to certain small areas. This wine has a very long history including being a favorite with the royals of the Habsburg dynasty.
It is also used to make sweet dessert wines.

## Synonyms

Ezerjó is also known under the synonyms Biella, Budai Feher, Budicsin, Budicsina, Cirfondli, Ezer Jo, Feher Bakator, Feher Budai, Feher Sajgo, Feher Szagos, Frank, Kerekes, Kolmreifer, Kolmreifler, Konreifler, Korpavai, Korponai, Korponoi, Matyok, Predobre, Refosco, Refosco Weiss, Romandi, Satoki, Scheinkern, Scheinkernweiss, Shaikern, Staloci, Szadocsina, Szadoki, Szatoki, Szatoky, Tausendfachgute, Tausendgerte, Tausendgut, Tausendgute, and Trummertraube.
# Statue of James Whitney

A statue of Canadian politician James Whitney is installed in Toronto's Queen's Park, in Ontario, Canada. It was created by Hamilton MacCarthy and unveiled in 1927.
# Margaret Evans

Margaret Evans may refer to:
* Margaret Evans (journalist) for CBC News
* Margaret Evans (mayor) (born 1944), mayor of Hamilton, New Zealand, 1989–1998
* Margaret Evans (packet ship)
* Margaret Evans Price (1888–1973), née Margaret Evans
* Marged ferch Ifan (1696–1793), strong woman of Snowdonia
* Margaret Gray Evans (1830–1906), wife of territorial governor, Johns Evans
# 1867 in China

Events from the year 1867 in China.

## Incumbents

* Tongzhi Emperor (6th year)
** Regent: Empress Dowager Cixi

## Events

* Nian Rebellion
** Battle of Inlon River, Nian forces lose entire Hubei region
* Miao Rebellion (1854–73)
* Dungan Revolt (1862–77)
* Panthay Rebellion
* Rover incident in Taiwan
** Formosa Expedition
* Tongzhi Restoration
* Hakka-Punti Clan Wars end, Hakka were allocated their own independent sub-prefecture, Chixi (赤溪镇), which was carved out of south-eastern Taishan, while others were relocated to Guangxi Province, mass emigration

## Births

* Jiang Shufang, Chinese school pioneer

## Deaths

* Zhang Shusheng killed in battle against Taiping Rebellion loyalists
* Ren Zhu, Nian general killed in battle again Qing forces