OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# GFS Projects

GFS Projects Limited is a British company developing a vertical take-off and landing aircraft shaped like a flying saucer. The company was established in 2002 by Geoff Hatton, and won a contract with the US government in 2007 to design an unmanned aerial vehicle.
The GFS Projects design uses the Coandă effect, unlike the failed 1950s Avrocar project. The GFS Projects design is mechanically simpler, using negative upper surface air pressure caused by the Coanda effect. Scale prototypes capable of controlled flight have existed since 2005, constructed by both GFS Projects Ltd and amateur (enthusiast) UAV builders.
GFS is an abbreviation of Geoff's Flying Saucer.

## Technical background

The concept of creating a disk or polygonal aircraft has been around for many years and there are numerous patent applications but the first relying on the Coanda effect acting on the upper surface alone was first put forward in a paper by R. J. Collins.
Collins' invention is intended for civil UAV applications and aerial monitoring of urban areas.
A further paper described for a fully steerable and controllable air space platform accompanied by video footage of lift and attitude control. The Coanda disk concept has a number of attractive features for use in a non hostile environments, however one disadvantage is that flight control presents a heavy power over head compared to other vertical take off and landing air platforms. As a consequence, flight endurance using electric or even internal combustion engines does not compare favorably with helicopters.. Archived 13 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine To overcome this problem, a disk gas turbine engine has been specifically designed to be accommodated on a Coanda disk aircraft.
# Gabriel Georgiades

Gabriel Georgiades (born January 18, 1957) is a professor of Aerospace Engineering in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. He is a widely published author known throughout the world as one of the leading authorities on light aircraft spin tendencies and recovery along with a major contributor to the creation of the finite element method of analyzing aircraft structures.

## Education

Professor Gabriel Georgiades obtained a B.A. from Jacksonville University in 1979 along with a B.A.E. from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1979.

## Career

After working in industry for a number of years at notable aviation companies such as Piper Aircraft, Georgiades pursued an M.S. from Pennsylvania State University in aerospace engineering, graduating in 1982. From 1985 onward Georgiades has been an active full-time professor at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, teaching courses in structures and Finite element method. Gabriel Georgiades is an elected national fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Gabriel has held elected AIAA offices such as regional chair, chair-elect, VC of education and advisory committee representative and was the former "Evolution of Flight" program officer for the San Gabriel Valley Region AIAA.
# Fünf Lieder, Op. 105 (Brahms)

Fünf Lieder (Five Songs), Op. 105, were composed by Johannes Brahms between 1886 and 1888. He set five poems by different authors, mostly contemporary poets, for a lower voice and piano. Simrock published the work in 1888.

## History

Brahms recorded in a pocket diary entry written in Thun, Switzerland, in August 1886, that he had set several poems to music, including Klaus Groth's "Wie Melodien zieht es mir leise durch den Sinn" (Like melodies it steals softly through my mind), Hermann Lingg's "Immer leiser wird mein Schlummer" (My slumber grows more and more gentle), Carl von Lemcke's "Verrat / Ich stand in einer lauen Nacht" (Betrayal / I stood in one balmy night) and another song by Paul Flemming, all of them authors from the 19th century. He probably composed the songs with the voice of Hermine Spies in mind, who privately sang some of them for him.
Two years later, Brahms offered a group of songs for lower voice to his publisher Simrock, to be his Op. 105, together with a group for high voice as Op. 106. The final grouping and order was achieved in a personal meeting of the composer and the publisher, ultimately adding to Op. 105 a setting of a traditional Lower Rhenish song, "Feins Liebchen, trau du nicht" (Beloved, do not trust) and a poem by Detlev von Liliencron, "Auf dem Kirchhofe / Der Tag ging regenschwer und sturmbewegt" (At the graveyard / "The day was heavy with rain and storms"):
* "Wie Melodien zieht es mir leise durch den Sinn" (Groth)
* "Immer leiser wird mein Schlummer" (Lingg)
* "Feins Liebchen, trau du nicht" (traditional)
* "Der Tag ging regenschwer" (Liliencron)
* "Ich stand in einer lauen Nacht" (Lemcke)
The group, as others by Brahms, has been metaphorically described as a "song bouquet", likening it to flowers "plucked" from different sources and then combined into a whole. The songs were premiered individually, the first song on 11 February 1887 in Vienna, the second at a recital of Amalie Joachim in Berlin on 1 February 1888, the third on 6 March 1888 in Vienna, the fourth on 30 November 1888 there, and the fifth also there on 5 December 1888, in a concert of Olga Segel. Later performances and recordings also often ignored the published grouping, placing individual songs in different contexts.
The melodies of some of these songs also make appearances in Brahms' instrumental works, especially "Immer leiser wird mein Schlummer", which he had used a few years earlier as a cello solo theme in the third movement of his Piano Concerto No. 2 in B♭ major. Motifs from three of the songs appear in his Violin Sonata No. 2, "Wie Melodien zieht es mir leise durch den Sinn" as the second subject of the first movement, and both "Immer leiser wird mein Schlummer" and "Auf dem Kirchhofe" in the final movement.
# G-parity

In particle physics, G-parity is a multiplicative quantum number that results from the generalization of C-parity to multiplets of particles.
C-parity applies only to neutral systems; in the pion triplet, only π$^0$ has C-parity. On the other hand, strong interaction does not see electrical charge, so it cannot distinguish amongst π$^+$, π$^0$ and π$^−$. We can generalize the C-parity so it applies to all charge states of a given multiplet:
    ${\mathcal {G}}{\begin{pmatrix}\pi ^{+}\\\pi ^{0}\\\pi ^{-}\end{pmatrix}}=\eta _{G}{\begin{pmatrix}\pi ^{+}\\\pi ^{0}\\\pi ^{-}\end{pmatrix}}$
where η$_G$ = ±1 are the eigenvalues of G-parity. The G-parity operator is defined as
    ${\mathcal {G}}={\mathcal {C}}\,e^{(i\pi I_{2})}$
where ${\mathcal {C}}$ is the C-parity operator, and I$_2$ is the operator associated with the 2nd component of the isospin "vector". G-parity is a combination of charge conjugation and a π rad (180°) rotation around the 2nd axis of isospin space. Given that charge conjugation and isospin are preserved by strong interactions, so is G. Weak and electromagnetic interactions, though, are not invariant under G-parity.
Since G-parity is applied on a whole multiplet, charge conjugation has to see the multiplet as a neutral entity. Thus, only multiplets with an average charge of 0 will be eigenstates of G, that is
    ${\bar {Q}}={\bar {B}}={\bar {Y}}=0$
(see Q, B, Y).
In general
    $\eta _{G}=\eta _{C}\,(-1)^{I}$
where η$_C$ is a C-parity eigenvalue, and I is the isospin.
Since no matter whether the system is fermion-antifermion or boson-antiboson, $\eta _{C}$ always equals to $(-1)^{L+S}$, we have
    $\eta _{G}=(-1)^{S+L+I}\,$.
# G-seat

A G-seat is an exact replica of an ejection seat in a jet fighter, but equipped with additional systems that provide haptic feedback to the pilot in the seat. This seat is not used on actual aircraft, but rather in flight simulators, especially those without a motion platform, like simulators of jet fighters and helicopters.
# GABRA4

Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRA4 gene.
GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. Chloride conductance of these channels can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA-A receptor. At least 16 distinct subunits of GABA-A receptors have been identified.
A research study compared wild-type to knockout GABRA4 gene in mice. It was determined that the elimination of the GABRA4 gene displayed characteristics that are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These include increased spatial cognition and decreased social engagement, unlike the wild-type mice. A hippocampal transcriptome analysis was profiled on knockout mice, showing the increased activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. This plays a role in consciousness and learning resulting in those characteristics.
# GHHS

GHHS may refer to:
* Guy's Hill High School in Saint Catherine, Jamaica
* Garfield Heights High School in Garfield Heights, Ohio
* Gig Harbor High School in Gig Harbor, Washington
* Granite Hills High School (Apple Valley, California)
* Granite Hills High School (El Cajon, California)
* Granite Hills High School (Porterville, California)
* Green Hope High School in Cary, North Carolina
* Granada Hills High School, the former name of Granada Hills Charter High School
* Gold Humanism Honor Society, medical honor society
# GSIC

GSIC may refer to:
* Gambia Supreme Islamic Council, an Islamic organization based in the Gambia
* GSI Commerce, Inc., former name of a former company based in the United States
# GACE

The Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators, also known as GACE (abbreviated) is a standardized test all teachers in the US state of Georgia must pass in order to teach at public schools and gain a credential.
The basic skills section is divided into three parts, three multiple choice (selected-response) sections of Reading, Writing, and Mathematics and one essay (constructed-response) portion which is part of the Writing section. Timing is for the entire exam, so examinees may take as much time in any testing area as needed, however the total exam time is four hours.
# GAC

Gac or GAC may refer to:
* Gấc, pronounced [ɣək̚˧˦], a Southeast Asian fruit of the species Momordica cochinchinensis
* Gać (disambiguation), a common Polish place-name

## Acronyms
### Companies and organisations

* GAC Group, a Chinese automotive company based in Guangzhou, Guangdong
* GAC Ireland, an Irish bus manufacturer established with Bombardier (1980–1986)
* Games Administration Committee, a committee that organises fixtures within Gaelic games
* Gateway Athletic Conference, a suburban St. Louis high school extracurricular league in Missouri
* Geological Association of Canada
* Global Action for Children, an organization advocating for vulnerable children in the developing world
* Global Affairs Canada, a department of the Canadian federal government
* Gloster Aircraft Company, an aircraft manufacturing company based in Gloucester, England
* General Advisory Committee, a committee in charge of the first US nuclear bomb.

### Entertainment

* Ghost Adventures Crew, the team featured on the Ghost Adventures television series
* Graphic Adventure Creator, a game creation system of the 1980s by Incentive software
* General Amusement Corporation, an entertainment booking agency founded in the early 1930s
* Great American Family, a family-oriented general entertainment cable TV channel formerly known as Great American Country
** Great American Faith & Living, its sister network

### Technology

* Global Assembly Cache, a component of Microsoft's .NET Framework
* Generic Artificial Consciousness, a database and software of Mindpixel
* Granular activated carbon, a highly porous and absorbent material used extensively in water filtration

### Other uses

* Globular Amphora culture, an archaeological culture in central Europe
* Global Assessment Certificate, a university preparation and foundation studies program
* Great American Conference, an NCAA Division II Conference formed in 2010
* Guglielmo Achille Cavellini (1914–1990), influential art collector and mail artist
* Gender Affirming Care, an extension of the acronym "GAC"
* GAC, a codon for the amino acid aspartic acid
# Gabriella Goliger

Gabriella Goliger (born 1949) is a Canadian novelist and short story writer. She was co-winner of the Journey Prize in 1997 for her short story "Maladies of the Inner Ear", and has since published three books: Song of Ascent in 2001, Girl Unwrapped in 2010, which won the Ottawa Book Award for Fiction, and Eva Salomon's War, which was published in 2018 and received praise from novelists Joan Thomas and Francis Itani.
She is Jewish.
Goliger also won the Prism International Award in 1993, and was a finalist for the Journey Prize again in 1995. She has been published in a number of journals and anthologies including Best New American Voices in 2000 and Contemporary Jewish Writing in Canada.
Born in Italy, Goliger grew up in Montreal, Quebec, where she obtained a B.A. in English Literature at McGill University. She later obtained an M.A. in English Literature from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She has lived in Israel, the Eastern Arctic, and Victoria, British Columbia. Ottawa, Ontario has been her home for the past 30 years. She has lived with her partner, Carleton University academic Barbara Freeman, for almost three decades; they've been married since 2006.

## Works

* Song of Ascent (2001)
* Girl Unwrapped (2010)
* Eva Salomon's War (2018)
# Monasterio Benedictino Santa María

Monasterio Benedictino Santa María, Los Toldos, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, is a Benedictine monastery of the Cono-Sur Congregation. Founded by the monks of the Abbey of Einsiedeln in 1948, the monastery was raised to the rank of an abbey in 1980. As of 2000, the monastery was home to 28 monks, under the leadership of Abbot Fr Enrique Contreras.

## History

On May 3, 1948, a group of monks from the Abbey of Einsiedeln, Switzerland, traveled to Argentina to establish a foundation for the Swiss Congregation. The monastery, located in Argentina's Buenos Aires Province, became a conventual (independent) priory on July 31, 1968. The monastery was raised to the status of an abbey on August 6, 1980.
On July 22, 1984, the Abbey of Los Toldos established the monastery of Tupäsy María in Santiago, Misiones, Paraguay. Four of the monks of Los Toldos reside at this foundation.

## Apostolic work

At Monasterio Benedictino Santa María, the products of agriculture and animal husbandry sustain the monks. The monastery is known for producing its own Swiss cheese from a recipe passed on from its founders. The monks also brew beer and make dulce de leche.
The monastery guesthouse welcomes around one thousand visitors annually. Here, Bible courses are offered. Additionally, the monks evangelize a nearby population of indigenous Argentinians, and provide pastoral ministry to the parish of El Tejar and its two dependent stations.

## Personnel

As of 2000, the community at Los Toldos included 28 monks, 14 of whom were ordained priests. The monks of Monasterio Benedictino Santa María are under the leadership of Abbot Fr Enrique Contreras, who is assisted in his duties by Prior Meinrado Hux.
# Billy Lee's

Billy Lee's is a Chinese restaurant in Chinatown, a small precinct in the Perth suburb of Northbridge, Western Australia. Serving Cantonese cuisine, the restaurant is popular for revellers in the nightlife district of Northbridge looking for Chinese food during the early morning hours.

## Description

The menu has been described as "typical, simplistic yet lovable". Service is quick, and portions of "old fashioned MSG-Chinese", differentiated from complexities like adaptations or fusion-style restaurants, tend to be on the larger side.
The interior of the restaurant is simple, with white tablecloths covered in plastic, and a large number of tables crammed into a small space. The clientele of the restaurant tends to be a mix of Chinese and non-Chinese Australians.

## Reception

Student reviewers have praised the restaurant. Other reviewers have described the restaurant as 'not the best rated', and 'not the classiest or flashiest option for Chinese in Perth'. Dishes to have received specific praised from reviewers include the spare ribs with Peking sauce, and sizzling Japanese bean curd. Another reviewer praised the 'Snow Peas and LaLa in XO Sauce'.
Evaluations of the restaurant are not universally positive. One reviewer complained of a lack of spiciness in the Chilli pepper chicken, an over-reliance on tomato sauce for flavour, overly battered or flavourless soft shell crab, and sizzling beef that had been served at room temperature.
Billy Lee's neighbours the similarly named Chinese restaurant Uncle Billy's. That similarity has sparked a faux-rivalry in Perth culture.
# Gahnia deusta

Gahnia deusta is a tussock-forming perennial in the family Cyperaceae, that is native to southern parts of Australia.
# Gahnia baniensis

Gahnia baniensis is a tussock-forming perennial in the family Cyperaceae, that is native to parts of Asia.
# Gahnia drummondii

Gahnia drummondii is a tussock-forming perennial in the family Cyperaceae, that is native to south western parts of Western Australia.
# Gachinko de Ikō!

Gachinko de Ikō! (ガチンコでいこう!, "Let's Go Earnestly!") is the fourth single by the Hello! Project unit Buono!. The title song was used as the fourth ending theme of anime Shugo Chara! from July until September 2008. The single was released on August 20, 2008 in Japan under the Pony Canyon label in two different versions: regular (PCCA.70223) and limited (PCCA.02731). The limited edition contained a bonus DVD containing "making of" footage for the PV, while both the limited edition and first press of the normal edition came with a serial number card, used in a promotional draw, and an original Buono! trading card, with the picture on the card differing by edition. The Single V DVD was released on September 3, 2008. The single peaked at #6 on the weekly Oricon charts, and charted for five weeks.

## Oricon rank and sales

| Daily rank | Weekly rank | Number sold |
| 4 | 6 | 31,005 |
# Gadadgavhan

Gadadgavhan is a small village located in Jintur of Parbhani district, Maharashtra.

## Demographics

There are a total of 395 families residing in Gadadgavhan. As of the 2011 Census, the village has population of 2108, of which 1059 are males and 1049 are females.
In Gadadgavhan village, the population of children aged 0-6 is 301, which makes up 14.28% of the total population. Average sex ratio of Gadadgavhan is 991, which is higher than Maharashtra's average of 929. The child sex ratio for the Gadadgavhan as of the 2011 census is 955, higher than Maharashtra's average of 894. Gadadgavhan village has low literacy rate compared to Maharashtra. In 2011, the literacy rate of Gadadgavhan village was 74.21%, compared to 82.34% of Maharashtra. In Gadadgavhan, male literacy stands at 84.09% while female literacy rate is 64.30%. As per the Constitution of India and the Panchyati Raaj Act, Gadadgavhan village is administered by a sarpanch, who is the elected representative of village.
* This Parbhani district, Maharashtra, India location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# GS&WR Class 362

The Great Southern and Western Railway (GS&WR) Class 362, also known as class B3, consisted of six locomotives designed by Robert Coey and built between 1905 and 1907 for goods traffic and was the first tender locomotive to utilise the 4-6-0 wheel arrangement in Ireland.

## History

The class was designed to be more powerful than his preceding class 355 0-6-0. It was the first mainline use of the 4-6-0 wheel arrangement in Ireland, and an axle loading of under 16 long tons (16 t).
Chas. S. Lake, in his book Locomotives of 1906 illustrated the type as an example of the 4-6-0 becoming considered for other than express passenger usage, the Class 362 with its 5 ft 1+3⁄4 in (1,568 mm) driving wheels optimised for freight work. The GS&WR selected engine 366 to be displayed at the 1907 Dublin Exhibition.
While the designed increase in power was achieved the type did have some operational issues, these included being too long for some turntables, a tendency for rough riding at speed and incidents of derailment due to lack of weight on the forward bogie. The class did not compare favourably with class 355 when the former were converted to the 2-6-0 wheel arrangement and were withdrawn by 1931.
There is a detailed O Gauge model of engine 362 in the Fry model railway collection.
# Mole Sisters

Mole Sisters is an animated series released on March 3, 2003. It teaches preschoolers to respect the natural world around them. It is based on the book series written and illustrated by Roslyn Schwartz, and follows the adventures of two moles as they explore their environment. The series is produced by Funbag Animation Studios and Helix Animation. The show was commended for not only teaching respect for the environment, but for teaching respect for those around people, which is demonstrated in the sisters' relationship and the way they help each other throughout the series.
# Binary Format Description language

The Binary Format Description (BFD) language is an extension of XSIL which has added conditionals and the ability to reference files by their stream numbers, rather than by their public URLs. A template written in the BFD language can be applied to a binary data file to produce a file with that data formatted with descriptive XML tags. Such XML-tagged data is then readable by humans and generally by a wider set of computer programs than could read the original data file.
# Biografiskt lexikon för Finland

The Biografiskt lexikon för Finland (Biographical Dictionary of Finland, BLF) is a Finnish Swedish-language biographical dictionary that was published between 2008–2011.
In Finland, Suomen kansallisbiografia ('the National Biography of Finland') was published between 2003–2007 in ten volumes, edited by historian and professor Matti Klinge. In 2008, the Society of Swedish Literature in Finland began publishing a corresponding Swedish-language national biographical dictionary, Biografiskt lexikon för Finland. The editorial board is chaired by professor Henrik Meinander and the chief editor is associate professor Henrik Knif [sv].
The BLF is partly based on the content of the Finnish-language Suomen kansallisbiografia, from which articles are translated, but it also contains original articles – primarily about people connected to the Swedish-speaking culture in Finland – which have in turn been partly translated into Suomen kansallisbiografia. In addition to biographies of people born in Finland, it also contains those of foreign-born explorers who made Finland known abroad, as well as leading commanders of foreign or occupying powers who had a major influence on domestic affairs. In terms of the selection of persons, Suomen kansallisbiografia and Biografiskt lexikon för Finland may deal with the same persons as in the Swedish Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, but from a Finnish perspective.
The dictionary is divided into three eras: volume one, the Swedish era; volume two, the Russian era; and volumes three and four, the Republic era. The printed work was published jointly by the Society of Swedish Literature in Finland and the Swedish publisher Atlantis in 2008–2011. Since 2014, all articles have been freely available on its website.