OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amietia vertebralis

Amietia vertebralis, also known as Maluti river frog, aquatic river frog, ice frog, large-mouthed frog, or water frog, is a species of frogs in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is an aquatic high-altitude species found in Lesotho and neighbouring South Africa.

## Description

It is dark brown with a very warty skin and a somewhat squat appearance. It is a relatively large frog with a length from nose to vent of 150 millimetres (6 in) and 360 millimetres (14 in) from nose to toe; females are larger than males. The greatest width of its head is 57 millimetres (2+1⁄4 in). Its belly and insides of legs are white with a dark reticulation. The toes have extensive webbing.
The tadpoles are large and robust-bodied, with a Gosner stage 40 tadpole measuring 71 mm (2.8 in) in total length. The body, tail, and fins are darkly mottled.

## Habitat and ecology

Amietia vertebralis occurs in cold, clear mountain streams of montane grasslands at elevations of 1,600–3,400 m (5,200–11,200 ft) above sea level. It is a water-dependent and largely aquatic species that can stay underwater for long periods (up to 30 hours); during the winter months, it can be seen swimming under ice, although tadpoles can sometimes get trapped in ice. Breeding occurs during the warmer time of the year. Males calling submerged or with just the head protruding. Eggs are deposited in large clutches that become attached to sunken vegetation. Tadpoles and juveniles spend more time closer to the surface and in shallower pools than adults. Freshwater crabs form a large part of its diet.

## Conservation

It is a locally abundant species that is typically associated with pristine areas, although it can also occur in polluted sites. It can be locally be threatened by afforestation, dam building, and overgrazing (which causes siltation of rivers). Other potential threats include chytridiomycosis and introduced fish such as trout. Its use in local traditional medicine for treating burns is probably not occurring at a level that could constitute a threat to the species. It is present in a number of protected areas in both Lesotho and South Africa.
# Gloria (Mando Diao song)

"Gloria" is a song by the alternative rock band Mando Diao, and their second single from Give Me Fire. The single was released on 15 May 2009.

## Music video

The music video featured Gloria, a convicted escapee on the run from government officials, seeking refuge in a movie theater. The parallels between what are scenes from the feature presentation and what is actually occurring becomes diluted as the video progresses, culminating in what appears to be Gloria's apprehension by the government agents on a rooftop. However, this proves to be a false climax as the agents then enter the theater. One of them points at the projected image on the screen and the three agents approach it, believing it to be Gloria. Meanwhile, Gloria is actually sitting in the theater, a couple of rows in front of the band. She stands up and sneaks out of the theater undetected.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 32 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 33 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 77 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 12 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 39 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2009) | Position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 49 |
# C. F. Payne

Chris Fox Payne is an American caricaturist and illustrator. He graduated with BFA from Miami University in Ohio in 1976 and began a freelance career in 1980.
His illustrations may be found on covers of Time, Sports Illustrated, Rolling Stone, Mad, Esquire, National Geographic, Spy; his series Our America exclusively on the back covers of Reader's Digest, and many others. He also provided the original illustrations for the first three "Molly" books in the American Girl series.
Payne did a series of postage stamps of famous singers for the United States Postal Service. He is a recipient of numerous awards for his works, including the National Cartoonist Society Magazine Illustration Award for 2002 and their Book Illustration Award for 2003.
He is among the founders of the Illustrators' Partnership of America. He is currently an instructor at Columbus College of Art and Design, as well as a visiting instructor at the Illustration Academy.
# Faith Hunter

Gwendolyn Faith Hunter is an American author and blogger, writing in the fantasy and thriller genres. She writes as Faith Hunter in the fantasy genre, and as Gwen Hunter in the thriller genre. She also has collaborated on thrillers with Gary Leveille, jointly using the name Gary Hunter. Hunter is one of the founding members of MagicalWords.net, a writer assistance blog, and has developed a role-playing game based on her Rogue Mage series.

## Biography

Hunter grew up in the Louisiana bayou country and began writing during high school. She graduated from college with a degree in Allied Health Technology and used to work full-time in a rural hospital. She resides in South Carolina with her husband, Rod Hunter.

## Reception

Critical reception for Hunter's work has been positive, with Monsters and Critics praising Bloodring as "an entertaining, if a bit rough first volume in a promising new series". Publishers Weekly and Kirkus Reviews also reviewed Bloodring, with Publishers Weekly praising the "strong, cliffhanger ending".
# Franz Schneider (chemist)

Franz Cölestin Schneider (28 September 1812, in Krems – 29 November 1897) was an Austrian physician and chemist. He was the father of archaeologist Robert von Schneider (1854–1909).
He studied medicine at the University of Vienna, obtaining his medical doctorate in 1842, and his doctorate in surgery during the following year. For the next few years, he served as a general practitioner in the town of Herzogenburg, followed by work as an assistant to chemist Adolf Martin Pleischl (1787–1867) in Vienna.
In 1850 he received his doctorate in special inorganic and organic chemistry at Vienna. Two years later he was named professor of surgical sciences at the Josephinum in Vienna, where he taught classes in physics, chemistry and natural history. In 1870 he succeeded Josef Redtenbacher (1810-1870) in the department of general and medical chemistry at the University of Vienna. During the following year, he suffered eye damage due to an accident in the laboratory. In February 1876, he was named with the rank of undersecretary to the Ministry of the Interior.
Schneider is credited for introducing forensic toxicology in Austria. He developed new methods for detecting arsenic and mercury in the human body.

## Selected writings

* Die gerichtliche Chemie, für Gerichtsaerzte und Juristen bearb., 1852. - Forensic chemistry, for doctors and lawyers.
* Anfangsgründe der Chemie, 1853 - First principles of chemistry.
* Commentar zur neuen österreichischen Pharmacopöe, 1855 - Commentary on the new Austrian pharmacopoeia.
# Feat (stato di natura)

Feat (stato di natura) is the fourth studio album by Italian singer-songwriter Francesca Michielin, released by RCA Records on 13 March 2020. A reissue of the album, titled Feat (fuori dagli spazi), followed on 5 March 2021. The new edition of the album, which was released following Michielin's participation in the 71st Sanremo Music Festival as part of a duo with Fedez, features new collaborations, including Michielin and Fedez's Sanremo entry "Chiamami per nome", and "Cattive stelle", written and performed with Vasco Brondi.

## Singles

"Cheyenne" was released as the lead single from the album on 15 November 2019. The song peaked at number 66 on the Italian Singles Chart.
On 13 February 2020, Michielin announced that the album's release would be anticipated by three concerts, each with a different location, theme and arrangement, to take place on 20 February, 27 February and 5 March 2020 in Milan. A new song from Feat (stato di natura) was premiered at each concert and released the following day. The first concert took place at the Rocket nightclub, with a vintage electro theme and the premiere of the song "Gange", featuring the Italian rapper Shiva. "Gange" was released on the following day, 21 February. The song peaked at number 61 on the Italian Singles Chart, becoming the album's highest peaking track. The second concert was planned to take place at the Serraglio nightclub, with an urban orchestral theme and the premiere of the song "Riserva naturale", featuring Italian duo Coma Cose. On 24 February, the event was cancelled in accordance with measures intended to prevent the spread of the coronavirus in Lombardy, with Michielin later announcing that the concert would be live-streamed on Facebook instead. The third concert was broadcast on RaiPlay on 5 March 2020 and included the live debut of the song "Monolocale" featuring Fabri Fibra.
The album's title track "Stato di natura" was released as the second single from the album on 13 March 2020, peaking at number 99 on the Italian Singles Chart. On 3 April 2020, "Monolocale" was sent to Italian radios as the album's third single.

## Track listing
### Notes

* All track titles stylized in all caps.

## Charts

Sales chart performance for Feat (stato di natura) :
| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 7 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) | Gold | 25,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Grafenwalder

Grafenwalder is a private brand beer sold at Lidl supermarkets. It has four known products, Grafenwalder Pilsner, Grafenwalder Spezial, Grafenwalder Hefe-Weißbier and Grafenwalder Strong. It is usually sold in plastic bottles, cans or 5l mini kegs. It is made by Lindenbrauerei in Unna, owned by the Oetker Group and by Frankfurter Brauhaus in Frankfurt (Oder).
* A can of Grafenwalder Pils
* A can of Grafenwalder Weißbier
* A can of Grafenwalder Strong
# Black Coast

Black Coast is the portion of the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between Cape Boggs and Cape Mackintosh. This coast was discovered and photographed from the air by members of the East Base of the U.S. Antarctic Service, 1939–41, on a flight of December 30, 1940. The most southerly point reached was Wright Inlet at 74°S, but features as far south as Bowman Peninsula are identifiable in the aerial photographs taken on the flight.
Black Coast was named after Commander (later Admiral) Richard B. Black, U.S. Navy Reserve (1902–92), leader of the December 30 flight and commanding officer of the East Base.
# Ferroglobulin

Ferroglobulin is a protein in whey.
The presence of ferroglobulin in milk is perhaps the explanation for the ability of this product to treat powdery mildew in the garden. Milk is diluted with water (typically 1:10) and sprayed on susceptible plants at the first sign of infection, or as a preventative measure, with repeated weekly application often controlling or eliminating the disease. Ferroglobulin produces oxygen radicals when exposed to sunlight, and contact with these radicals is damaging to the fungus.
# Fieldstown, Virginia

Fieldstown is an unincorporated community located in Amelia County, in the U.S. state of Virginia. St. John's Church is among one of many National Register of Historic Places listings located near Fieldstown.
# Fanny Smets

Fanny Smets (born 21 April 1986) is a Belgian pole vaulter. She competed in the women's pole vault at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Belgium |||||
| 2013 | Universiade | Kazan, Russia | 3rd | 4.30 m |
| 2013 | Jeux de la Francophonie | Nice, France | 2nd | 4.40 m |
| 2016 | European Championships | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 19th (q) | 4.35 m |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 20th (q) | 4.20 m |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 20th (q) | 4.50 m |
| 2021 | European Indoor Championships | Toruń, Poland | 7th | 4.45 m |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 27th (q) | 4.25 m |
# Franz Schneider (engineer)

Franz Schneider was a Swiss engineer and aircraft designer. Although he designed several aircraft types, initially for the French aircraft manufacturer Nieuport, and later for the German LVG company, he is chiefly remembered for his work in the field of aircraft armament.
Schneider was granted the first patent (on 15 July 1913) for an interrupter gear allowing a machine gun to fire between an aircraft's spinning propeller blades. Full details of Schneider's patent were published in the aviation periodical Flugsport in September 1914 but the Prussian War Ministry chose not to pursue the idea. The concept of interrupter gear in combat aircraft was realised later in World War I by Germany after Anthony Fokker developed the idea.
He also developed the rotating gun turret which was installed on German "C" type World War I aircraft.
# 1878 in Australian literature

This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1878.

## Poetry

* G. Herbert Gibson — "The Free-Selector's Daughter"
* Henry Kendall
** "The Names Upon a Stone : Inscribed to G. L. F."
** "Narrara Creek"
* Peter Dodds McCormick — "Advance Australia Fair"
* John Boyle O'Reilly — "The Dukite Snake"
* James Brunton Stephens — "Marsupial Bill"
* Garnet Walch — "A Little Tin Plate"

## Short stories

* Jessie Catherine Couvreur — "The Rubria Ghost"

## Births

A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1878 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.
* 24 May — Mary Grant Bruce, writer for children (died 1958)
* 10 August — Louis Esson, poet and dramatist (died 1943)
* 13 October — Patrick Joseph Hartigan, priest and poet (died 1952)
Unknown date:
* J. L. Ranken, poet and novelist (died 1945)

## Deaths

A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1878 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
* 8 August — John Dunmore Lang, poet and politician (born 1799)
# Béthines

Béthines (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

## Geography

The village lies in the middle of the commune, on the right bank of the Salleron, which forms part of the commune's southwestern border, then flows northward through the commune.
# Black Beauty (horse)

Black Beauty was formerly listed in the Guinness World Records as the smallest living horse, a record she held from 2001 to 2006 until the record was taken by Thumbelina.
When Black Beauty was born on June 6, 1996, her owners, Donald and Janet Burleson, knew she was smaller than any other miniature horse. She was only 12 inches (30 cm) in height and less than 10 lb (4.5 kg) in weight. To qualify for Guinness World Records as the World's Smallest Horse, Black Beauty had to be taken to a veterinarian to be measured with careful precision. At the age of five years she was 18.5 inches (47 cm) tall at her withers.
# F.W. Lewis House

The F. W. Lewis House is a single-family home located at 2913 Manor Street in Midland, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

## History

F.W. Lewis was an accountant at the Dow Chemical Company. In 1933, he hired architect Alden B. Dow to design this home. It was Dow's first foray into a low-priced home design, something that interested the architect throughout his life. Clapboard siding was added to the house some time in the 1960s. A single car garage was added about the same time.

## Description

The F. W. Lewis House is a single-story, 900 square foot house configured in a square. The house is topped with a broad hip roof, and a unit block chimney, which also serves to delineate the interior spaces of the house into public and private areas. The exterior is clad in clapboard, over the original masonite sheets. A band of casement windows runs across the front. Each of the casement windows pivot from the top for ventilation. On the interior, the front contains a living room and kitchen/dining area, and the rear contains two bedrooms.
# FIS Cross-Country Far East Cup

The FIS Cross-Country Far East Cup is a series of cross-country skiing events arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The Cup is one of the nine FIS Cross-Country Continental Cups, a series of second-level cross-country skiing competitions ranked below the Cross-Country World Cup. The Far East is open for competitors from all nations, but eight main countries are associated to the Far East Cup, these are; China, Iran, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Chinese Taipei and Uzbekistan.
The Far East Cup has been held annually since the 2004–05 season.

## World Cup qualification

In the end of certain periods, the overall leaders for both genders receive a place in the World Cup in the following period. The overall winners of the season receive a place in the World Cup in the beginning of the following season.

## Overall winners
### Men

| Season | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2006–07 | Masaaki Kōzu | Tomio Kanamaru | Tadashi Yamamuro |
| 2007–08 | Shohei Honda | Tomio Kanamaru | Masakazu Aoki |
| 2008–09 | Tomio Kanamaru | Shunsuke Komamura | Keishin Yoshida |
| 2009–10 | Nobu Naruse | Keishin Yoshida | Byung-joo Park |
| 2010–11 | Akira Lenting | Kouhei Shimizu | Masaya Kimura |
| 2011–12 | Hiroyuki Miyazawa | Nobu Naruse | Akira Lenting |
| 2012–13 | Nobu Naruse (2) | Keishin Yoshida | Akira Lenting |
| 2013–14 | Kouhei Shimizu | Nobuhito Kashiwabara | Akira Lenting |
| 2014–15 | Kaichi Naruse | Nobuhito Kashiwabara | Takatsugu Uda |
| 2015–16 | Akira Lenting (2) | Takanori Ebina | Hiroyuki Miyazawa |
| 2016–17 | Nobuhito Kashiwabara | Akira Lenting | Hikari Fujinoki |
| 2017–18 | Hiroyuki Miyazawa (2) | Naoto Baba | Keishin Yoshida |
| 2018–19 | Hikari Fujinoki | Nobuhito Kashiwabara | Tomoki Sato |
| 2019–20 | Hikari Fujinoki (2) | Kim Min-woo | Lee Geon-yong |
| 2020–21 | Kim Eun-ho | Lee Geon-yong | Lee Jin-bok |

### Women

| Season | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2006–07 | Madoka Natsumi | Chizuru Soneta | Masako Ishida |
| 2007–08 | Sumiko Yokoyama | Chisa Ōbayashi | Sumiko Ishigaki |
| 2008–09 | Chisa Ōbayashi | Lee Chae-won | Chie Maruyama |
| 2009–10 | Lee Chae-won | Risa Abe | Chisa Ōbayashi |
| 2010–11 | Michiko Kashiwabara | Maria Boumpa | Yuki Kobayashi |
| 2011–12 | Yuki Kobayashi | Nobuko Fukuda | Michiko Kashiwabara |
| 2012–13 | Naoko Omori | Chisa Ōbayashi | Yuki Kobayashi |
| 2013–14 | Yuki Kobayashi (2) | Chisa Ōbayashi | Yukari Tanaka |
| 2014–15 | Yuki Kobayashi (3) | Lee Chae-won | Sumika Ishigaki |
| 2015–16 | Yuki Kobayashi (4) | Chisa Ōbayashi | Sumika Ishigaki |
| 2016–17 | Lee Chae-won (2) | Masako Ishida | Yuki Kobayashi |
| 2017–18 | Miki Kodama | Yuki Kobayashi | Masako Ishida |
| 2018–19 | Yukari Tanaka | Miki Kodama | Kozue Takizawa |
| 2019–20 | Lee Chae-won (3) | Lee Eui-jin | Je Sang-mi |
| 2020–21 | Lee Chae-won (4) | Han Da-som Lee Eui-jin | — |
# Former residence of Xu Guangda

The former residence of Xu Guangda (simplified Chinese: 许光达故居; traditional Chinese: 許光達故居; pinyin: Xǔ Guāngdá Gùjū) was built in the late Qing dynasty in Huangxing Town, Changsha County, Hunan, China where a People's Liberation Army general who was conferred the Da jiang (Grand General) rank, Xu Guangda, was born. It has a building area of about 184 m$^2$ (1,980 sq ft), embodies buildings such as the old houses and the Exhibition Room. It is currently a significant tourist attraction in Changsha.

## History

The residence was built in the 34th Year of Emperor Guangxu (1908) in the Qing Dynasty with 14 rooms. On 19 November 1908, Xu Guangda was born in its front room. In 1954, a catastrophic flood destroyed some houses. In March 2005, when Vice-President Zeng Qinghong inspected Changsha County, he gave an order to renovate the residence. In 2011, it was listed as a provincial culture and relics site in Hunan by the Hunan Provincial Government.

## Architecture
### Rangxian Stele

The Rangxian Stele with 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) in height and 5 m (16 ft) in width and weighs 30 t (30 long tons; 33 short tons), is inscribed with a letter written by Xu Guangda to Mao Zedong to request Mao demote his military rank.

## Access

The Former Residence of Xu Guangda open to visitors for free.
Nearby attractions include the Former Residence of Huang Xing and the Tomb of Zuo Zongtang.

## Transportation

* Take bus No. 220 to Former Residence of Guangda Bus Stop (光达故居站).

## Gallery

* Former Residence of Xu Guangda.
* A tank in front of the Former Residence of Xu Guangda.
* Bedroom of Xu Guangda.
* Kitchen.
* Implement shed.
* Rangxian Stele.
* The Exhibition Room.
# Gorey (surname)

Gorey is a surname. Its meaning is not clear, but it is argued that the word is related to the Irish given name Guaire and the Norse given name Gofraidh. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alicia Gorey, Australian journalist and news presenter
* Denis Gorey (1874–1940), Irish politician
* Edward Gorey (1925–2000), American writer and artist
* Kevin Gorey, American epidemiologist and social worker
* Natassia Gorey-Furber, Australian actress
# 1878 in Brazil

Events in the year 1878 in Brazil.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Pedro II
* Prime Minister:
** Duke of Caxias (until 5 January)
** Viscount of Sinimbu (starting 5 January)