OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# State aid for libraries

State aid for libraries (also known as state aid for public libraries, state aid, direct aid or state funding) is funding provided to public libraries by state governments in the United States. State aid is typically divided among all libraries in a state in the form of block grants. Each eligible library receives a percentage of state aid based on the library's budget, income and population served. State aid supplements local library budgets, and is particularly important for rural libraries and libraries supported by a small tax base. Other reasons states offer aid to libraries are to promote resource sharing among libraries; to encourage cities to establish and support libraries; and to establish minimum standards for libraries. State aid is combined with other forms of library funding—including federal aid, funding by local governments and private philanthropy—to provide money for library books, staff and information technology. Other forms of aid may be used to fund library construction and remodeling.
In order to qualify for federal assistance for libraries, states must provide a certain level of state aid. This is called "maintenance of effort." For example, in order to maintain access to federal technology grants, Florida must provide its libraries with at least $21.2 million a year in state aid. State funding must be re-authorized every year by state legislatures.
Most states offer aid to libraries. However, state aid has recently become more politically contentious. Critics of state funding argue that local libraries should be funded with local money. In 2012, the state of Louisiana eliminated state aid. In a statement, the governor’s chief budget aide said that “in tight budget times, we prioritized funding for health care and education. Operations such as local libraries can be supported with local, not state dollars.” Several other states have also cut state aid in recent years. In 2009, 41% of states reported declining state funding for libraries. The decline in funding has been most significant in the Southeast.
# French ship Duguay-Trouin

Twelve vessels of the French Navy have been named Duguay-Trouin in honour of René Duguay-Trouin.
* Duguay-Trouin (1781–1793), a 74-gun ship of the line
* Duguay Trouin (1793–1794) was the East Indiaman Princess Royal that the French captured in the Indian Ocean on 27 September 1793 and took into service as an ad hoc 36-gun frigate that they named Duguay Trouin; the British recaptured her on 5 May 1794.
* Duguay-Trouin (1794–1795/6) was a tartane that the French Navy requisitioned in 1794 to serve as an aviso. The Navy renamed her Dangereuse in 1795 or 1796. The British Royal Navy captured her in 1799 and took her into service as HMS Dangereuse, but then sold her in 1801.
* Duguay-Trouin (1795–1805), a 74-gun ship of the line; the Royal Navy captured her at the Battle of Trafalgar. The British renamed her HMS Implacable, and she was the oldest ship of the line after HMS Victory when she was scuttled in 1948
* Duguay-Trouin (1813–1824), a 74-gun ship of the line
* Duguay-Trouin (1854–1872), a 90-gun ship of the line
* Duguay-Trouin (1877–1899), an iron-hulled cruiser
* Tonquin (1878–1922), a transport vessel launched in 1878, renamed Duguay-Trouin in 1900, then Borda in 1913, and converted into a hospital ship. The soldier-poet Rupert Brooke died aboard en route to the Dardanelles on 23 April 1915 at Trebuki Bay, Skyros. Renamed Moselle in 1922, and eventually scrapped in 1937
* Duguay-Trouin (1923–1952), a light cruiser, lead ship of her class, which served with the Free French Forces
* Duguay-Trouin, a Tourville-class frigate, decommissioned in 1999
* Duguay-Trouin, a Barracuda-class submarine launched in 2022
# Ludwig von Lützow (politician)

Ludwig von Lützow (1793 – 13 May 1872) was a Mecklenburgian politician.

## Early life

Lützow was born in 1793 in Berlin. He was the son of Mecklenburgian envoy August von Lützow.

## Career

Lützow entered the service of the Mecklenburg-Schwerin government in 1816 as a junior lawyer, and in 1822 became a government advisor (Regierungsrat). With the accession of Grand Duke Paul Friedrich, he became, on May 6, 1837, Second Minister and head of the regional government (Regierungspräsident), and, on July 6, 1840, First Minister and Geheimeratspräsident.
As First Minister, he led the 1848 transition of Mecklenburg-Schwerin to a constitutional system of government. A new constitution was published on October 10, 1849, creating a Department of State to handle foreign, religious, and educational affairs. He resigned on April 12, 1850 in protest at Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II's attempts to make the legal validity of the constitution dependent on the judgment of a special tribunal set up to arbitrate.
Following his resignation, von Lützow retired to his estate in Boddin.
# Mount Tabor, Indiana

Mount Tabor is an unincorporated community in Bean Blossom Township, Monroe County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Mount Tabor was platted in 1828. The community was named directly or indirectly after Mount Tabor, in the Middle East. A post office was established at Mount Tabor in 1831, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1860.
# 1607 Mavis

1607 Mavis, provisional designation 1950 RA, is a stony asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 September 1950, by South African astronomer Ernest Johnson at Johannesburg Observatory in South Africa. It was later named after the wife of astronomer Jacobus Bruwer.

## Orbit and classification

This asteroid orbits the Sun in the middle main-belt at a distance of 1.8–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,487 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.30 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid's observation arc begins with its official discovery observations, as the two previous identifications, A903 BH and 1934 VQ, made at Heidelberg and Simeiz in 1903 and 1934, respectively, remained unused.

## Physical characteristics

Mavis is a stony S-type asteroid.

### Rotation period

In September 2007, Australian astronomers Collin Bembrick and Julian Oey independently obtained two rotational lightcurves of Mavis. These well-defined lightcurves gave a rotation period of 6.1339 and 6.1508 hours with a brightness variation of 0.50 and 0.53 magnitude, respectively (U=3/3).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Mavis measures between 11.57 and 14.91 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.189 and 0.31. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.3320 and a diameter of 12.10 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.4.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in honor of the Mavis Bruwer, wife of astronomer Jacobus Albertus Bruwer, who was an astronomer at Johannesburg Observatory, and after whom 1811 Bruwer was named. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3931).
# Nové Sedlo

Nové Sedlo may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
* Nové Sedlo (Louny District), a municipality and village in the Ústí nad Labem Region
* Nové Sedlo (Sokolov District), a town in the Karlovy Vary Region
# Jardin botanique textile

The Jardin botanique textile (1500 m²) is a botanical garden specializing in plants used for textiles, baskets, and rope. It is located on Rue Lacordaire, Flavigny-sur-Ozerain, Côte-d'Or, Burgundy, France, and open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.
Initially a vegetable garden, and since 1990 a sculpture garden, today's botanical garden was created in 2002 by textile designer Daniel Algranate as an adjunct to his museum, the Maison des Matières et du Design textile. It contains approximately 200 species of plants used for making textiles, baskets, rope, or dyes, with collections including abaca, agave, bamboo, broom, cotton, dogwood, flax, hemp, pineapple, and willow, as well as Alcea rosea, Artemisia vulgaris, Galium aparine, Cruciata laevipes, Galium odoratum, Genista tinctoria, Isatis tinctoria, Rubia peregrina, and Verbascum thapsus.
# Haumi River

The Haumi River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand. It flows into the Bay of Islands immediately south of Paihia.
# Motosuke

Motosuke (written: 元助, 元輔, 元相 or 資祐) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Ikeda Motosuke (池田 元助) (1559–1584), Japanese samurai
* Kiyohara no Motosuke (清原 元輔) (908–990), Japanese poet
* Kunishi Motosuke (国司 元相) (1492–1592), Japanese samurai
* Motosuke Takahashi (高橋 資祐) (1941–2007), Japanese animator, character designer and anime director
# Harry Dowda

Harry Clinton Dowda (December 29, 1922 – June 24, 1996) was an American football defensive back in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and the Philadelphia Eagles. He played college football at Wake Forest University. He served three years in the Airborne during World War II, and saw action in the Battle of Bulge and Crossing the Rhine. In 1953, he was married to the late Bette Marable Patterson and had two children.

## Early life

Harry Dowda was born on December 29, 1922. He attended West Fulton High School in Georgia and Hickory High School in Hickory, North Carolina. Dowda played college football at Wake Forest University. In 1947, Dowda was drafted into the NFL in the 19th round.

## Football career

Dowda was drafted in the 19th round (168th pick) in the 1947 NFL draft as a halfback. Dowda played for the Washington Redskins from 1949 to 1953. He then played for the Philadelphia Eagles from 1954 to 1955. In 1953, Dowda intercepted 5 passes and returned them 73 yards, scoring one touchdown.

## Personal life

Dowda married Bette Marable Patterson in 1953 and had two children.
# French ship Duguay-Trouin (1788)

Duguay-Trouin was a Téméraire class 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy.

## Career

In 1791, Duguay-Trouin ferried troops from Brest to Martinique and Saint Domingue, along with Amphitrite, Danaé, Éole, Apollon, Didon and Jupiter. The next year, she patrolled off Bretagne.
In 1793, Duguay-Trouin took part in the operations in Sardinia, and ran aground off Cagliari on 12 February, although she managed to break free on 19.
Present at Toulon when the city was surrendered to the British by a rebellion of Royalists, she was scuttled by fire at the end of the Siege of Toulon. The wreck was raised in 1807 and broken up.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 Roche, vol.1, p.161
* ↑ Clouet, Alain (2007). "La marine de Napoléon III : classe Téméraire - caractéristiques". dossiersmarine.free.fr. Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
# Motorpsycho Presents The International Tussler Society

Motorpsycho presents The International Tussler Society is an album by The International Tussler Society. It was released on CD and double vinyl, both editions came with a bonus DVD featuring a documentary about the recording process of the album, made by local director Frode Dreier. Also featured was the promotional video for "Satan's favourite Son". This song and "Laila Lou" were also given to radio stations as promo singles, but not released publicly.
To promote the album, the band toured Europe in fall 2004.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Bent Sæther, except as noted.

### Vinyl edition

* Side A: 1-4
* Side B: 5-9
* Side C: 10-12
* Side D: etching by Doc Wör Mirran

## Personnel

* Barry "Space" Hillien (Lars Lien) – lead vocal (1–8, 12), keyboards, backing vocals
* Kjell "K.K." Karlsen – pedal steel guitar, backing vocals; lead vocal (9)
* Duellin' Flint Gebhardt (Håkon Gebhardt) – banjo, guitars, backing vocals; lead vocal (10)
* Chickenshakin' Lolly Hanks Jr. (Morten Fagervik) – drums, percussion; bass (8)
* Ringo "Fire" Karlsen, a.k.a. The Kid (Even Granås) – drums, percussion, acoustic guitar, backing vocals
* Snakebite Ryan (Hans Magnus Ryan) – electric & acoustic guitars, mandolin, backing vocals
* Charlie Bob Bent (Bent Sæther) – bass, acoustic & electric guitars, percussion, backing vocals; drums (5), lead vocal (11)
* Laila Lou Hillien (Lars Lien's dog) – good vibes and vocals (6)

## Miscellanea

* This album came ten years after the first album by the band, The Tussler - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack.
* The use of two drum kits on this record was inspired by bands like The Grateful Dead and The Allman Brothers Band.
* "Cassie" is a song dedicated to the deceased backup singer for Lynyrd Skynyrd, Cassie Gaines (said by Bent Sæther during a concert in Berlin, October 13, 2004).
* "Satan's favourite Son" was the only track not to be recorded during the winter/spring 2004-session in Stuggudalen, since it was committed to tape two years earlier. This is also the reason why Bent Sæther plays the second drum set on this song, as Even Grånas joined the band in 2003.
* The artwork was done by Jonny Snorkel and Ronja Svenning Berge. The sleeve features drawings in wild west-style of the band members.
* Lars Lien's dog, Laila Lou, is credited for "Good vibes and vocals", as her barking is audible at the end of the song named after her.
# Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2

Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SLC47A2 gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a protein belonging to a family of transporters involved in the excretion of toxic electrolytes, both endogenous and exogenous, through urine and bile. This transporter family shares homology with the bacterial MATE (multi antimicrobial extrusion protein or multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) protein family responsible for drug resistance. This gene is one of two members of the MATE transporter family located near each other on chromosome 17. Alternatively, spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene.

## Discovery

The multidrug efflux transporter NorM from V. parahaemolyticus, which mediates resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents (norfloxacin, kanamycin, ethidium bromide etc.), and its homologue from E. coli were identified in 1998. NorM seems to function as a drug/sodium antiporter, which is the first example of Na$^+$-coupled multidrug efflux transporter discovered. NorM is a prototype of a new transporter family, and Brown et al. named it the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family. The X-ray structure of the NorM was determined to be 3.65 Å, revealing an outward-facing conformation with two portals open to the outer leaflet of the membrane and a unique topology of the predicted 12 transmembrane helices distinct from any other known multidrug resistance transporter.
# Güneydemirciler, Gerede

Güneydemirciler is a village in the Gerede District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 266 (2021).
# List of number-one albums of 2012 (Mexico)

Top 100 Mexico is a record chart published weekly by AMPROFON (Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas), a non-profit organization composed by Mexican and multinational record companies. This association tracks record sales (physical and digital) in Mexico.

## Chart history

* The yellow background indicates the best-performing album of 2012.
| Chart date | Album | Artist |
| January 1 | Para Mi | Yuridia |
| January 8 | Para Mi | Yuridia |
| January 15 | Para Mi | Yuridia |
| January 22 | Para Mi | Yuridia |
| January 29 | Irreversible... 2012 | La Arrolladora Banda El Limón |
| February 5 | Irreversible... 2012 | La Arrolladora Banda El Limón |
| February 12 | Irreversible... 2012 | La Arrolladora Banda El Limón |
| February 19 | 21 | Adele |
| February 26 | 21 | Adele |
| March 4 | 21 | Adele |
| March 11 | 21 | Adele |
| March 18 | 21 | Adele |
| March 25 | Bonanza | PXNDX |
| April 1 | MDNA | Madonna |
| April 8 | Up All Night | One Direction |
| April 15 | Up All Night | One Direction |
| April 22 | Up All Night | One Direction |
| April 29 | Up All Night | One Direction |
| May 6 | Up All Night | One Direction |
| May 13 | Sexto VI | Yahir |
| May 20 | Desde Rusia con Amor | Molotov |
| May 27 | Déjenme llorar | Carla Morrison |
| June 3 | MTV Unplugged | Juanes |
| June 10 | Up All Night | One Direction |
| June 17 | Up All Night | One Direction |
| June 24 | Believe | Justin Bieber |
| July 1 | Believe | Justin Bieber |
| July 8 | Believe | Justin Bieber |
| July 15 | Believe | Justin Bieber |
| July 22 | Up All Night | One Direction |
| July 29 | EME 15 | EME 15 |
| August 5 | Up All Night | One Direction |
| August 12 | Up All Night | One Direction |
| August 19 | Up All Night | One Direction |
| August 26 | Solstis | León Larregui |
| September 2 | Up All Night | One Direction |
| September 9 | Papitwo | Miguel Bosé |
| September 16 | Papitwo | Miguel Bosé |
| September 23 | Papitwo | Miguel Bosé |
| September 30 | La Música No Se Toca | Alejandro Sanz |
| October 7 | La Música No Se Toca | Alejandro Sanz |
| October 14 | La Música No Se Toca | Alejandro Sanz |
| October 21 | La Música No Se Toca | Alejandro Sanz |
| October 28 | El Objeto Antes Llamado Disco | Café Tacvba |
| November 4 | Papitwo | Miguel Bosé |
| November 11 | Take Me Home | One Direction |
| November 18 | Take Me Home | One Direction |
| November 25 | Take Me Home | One Direction |
| December 2 | Habítame Siempre | Thalía |
| December 9 | Habítame Siempre | Thalía |
| December 16 | La Misma Gran Señora | Jenni Rivera |
| December 23 | Joyas Prestadas: Pop | Jenni Rivera |
| December 30 | Joyas Prestadas: Pop | Jenni Rivera |
# French destroyer Carabine

Carabine was a Arquebuse-class destroyer contre-torpilleur d'escadre built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1903, the ship was assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron (Escadre de la Méditerranée).

## Design and description

The Arquebuse class was designed as a faster version of the preceding Durandal class. The ships had an overall length of 56.58 meters (185 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.3 meters (20 ft 8 in), and a maximum draft of 3.2 meters (10 ft 6 in). They normally displaced 307 metric tons (302 long tons) and 357 t (351 long tons) at deep load. The two vertical triple-expansion steam engines each drove one propeller shaft using steam provided by two du Temple Guyot or Normand boilers. The engines were designed to produce a total of 6,300 indicated horsepower (4,700 kW) for a designed speed of 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph), all the ships exceeded their contracted speed during their sea trials with Carabine reaching a speed of 30.2 knots (55.9 km/h; 34.8 mph). They carried enough coal to give them a range of 2,300 nautical miles (4,300 km; 2,600 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Their crew consisted of four officers and fifty-eight enlisted men.
The main armament of the Arquebuse-class ships consisted of a single 65-millimeter (2.6 in) gun forward of the bridge and six 47-millimeter (1.9 in) Hotchkiss guns in single mounts, three on each broadside. They were fitted with two single rotating mounts for 381-millimeter (15 in) torpedo tubes on the centerline, one between the funnels and the other on the stern.

## Construction and career

Carabine (Carbine) was ordered from Arsenal de Rochefort on 4 May 1900 and the ship was laid down on 15 July 1901. She was launched on 21 July 1902 and conducted her sea trials during May–September 1903. The ship was commissioned (armée definitif) after their completion and was assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron.
On 22 October 1907, Enseigne de vaisseau Charles-Benjamin Ullmo, second in command of Carabine, was arrested near Toulon, after a failed attempt to blackmail the French government, demanding 150,000 Francs for secret documents in his possession, which he would otherwise sell to a foreign power. On investigation, it was found that Ullmo had already attempted to sell the documents to a German agent, but the offer had been rejected because he had demanded too much money (950,000 Francs). Ullmo was tried and convicted of High Treason and sentenced to deportation for life to the penal colony of Devil's Island.
She reduced to reserve while under repair in 1913–1915 at Bizerte, French Tunisia.
On 1 October 1918, Carabine was in collision with the British merchant ship Mentor, and her foredeck and bridge were badly damaged. Carabine was towed to Palermo, Sicily for temporary repair, before being sent to Bizerte, Tunisia. Carabine was condemned on 8 January 1919.
# Frog's Hollow

Frog's Hollow was a historic neighbourhood in the Brisbane central business district, Queensland, Australia. It was a colloquial name used for the low-lying land surrounding the intersection of Albert Street and Margaret Street.

## Geography

Although not formally bounded, the neighbourhood was generally regarded as being from George Street (which is a ridge) down to Edward Street and between Elizabeth Street and Alice Street.
A creek used to pass through this swampy area joining the Brisbane River in the vicinity of the intersection of Alice Street and Edward Street. Although little more than a plank of wood, Brisbane's first British made bridge was over this creek, allowing the convicts to cross to their farm.

## History

Being low-lying and swampy, with mosquitoes and periodic flooding, the area was not the most desirable part of colonial Brisbane. Being cheaper, the area attracted warehouse developments and housing and businesses catering to the lower classes. It was both the red light district of colonial Brisbane and its Chinatown. Prostitution, sly grog, and opium dens could be found in Frog's Hollow giving it a bad reputation.
During the 1880s, many Anti-Chinese Leagues were formed which organised many Anti-Chinese demonstrations to persuade the government to cease immigration from China. On Saturday 5 May 1888, one such demonstration in Brisbane, fuelled by alcohol, turned into a riot, where the mob of an estimated 2000 people attacked Chinese homes and businesses. The riot spread to Chinese premises in other parts of Brisbane, including South Brisbane and Fortitude Valley. The police did little to quell the riot with Police Inspector Lewis saying afterwards that "the majority of the people in the street were respectable citizens and would probably have been injured had this been done!". The only person arrested was subsequently acquitted.

## Present day

The creek is no longer visible but the approximate location of the bridge is marked by a modern sculpture at the former Port Office. The convict farm is now the City Botanic Gardens.