OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Squatting in Croatia

Squatting in Croatia has existed as a phenomenon since the decline of the Roman Empire. In the 1960s much private housing in major cities was illegally constructed or expanded and since the 1990s squatting is used as a tactic by feminists, punks and anarchists. Well-known (and mostly legalized) self-managed social centres such as the cultural centre Karlo Rojc [sh; hr] in Pula, Nigdjezemska in Zadar and (AKC) Medika in Zagreb.

## History

At the end of the Roman Empire, when the city of Salona was sacked sometime in the seventh century, its inhabitants fled to Diocletian's Palace nearby beside the sea. They squatted in the compound and their descendants have lived there ever since, resisting attacks from Pannonian Avars, Goths, Slavs, Tartars and the Ottoman Empire. The city of Split grew up around the palace. During the Croatian War of Independence (1991-1995), the peace movement was composed of squatters as well as anarchists, environmentalists and feminists.
In the 1960s, 39.5 per cent of all private housing in Zagreb was squatted, 49.3 per cent in Split and 66.8 per cent in Osijek. Squatting is criminalized by Articles 20-27 of the Croatian Ownership and other Proprietary Rights Act, and has become a form of subcultural activism in cities such as Zagreb from the 1990s onwards.
In 1989, feminists organized through the Women's Group Tresnjevka squatted an apartment in Zagreb to shelter women escaping domestic violence.

## Social centres

AKC Medika in Zagreb is a social centre that has a bar, a music venue, galleries and office space for radical groups. The venue is called Attack and there is also a bicycle repair workshop, an infoshop and a film studio. There is also the illegal and mixed use squat known as Vila Kiseljak [sh] or Squat on Knežija.
The story of the ReciKlaonica squat started on 11 February 2011 and it continues. The informal collective of artists and social activists that develops its activities in the spaces of the old abandoned Zagrepčanka factory, owned by Zagrebački Holding.
Nigdjezemska (Nowhereland) is a self-managed social centre in the part of the former military complex Stjepan Radić in Zadar. In 2019, the centre and the Menza skate park were threatened with eviction.
In Pula, the self-managed cultural centre Karlo Rojc [sh; hr] is located in the former Military facilities Karlo Rojc. It was initially squatted by punks and then legalized. It provides rooms and ateliers for over 100 groups and has a hacklab and a music venue. Since 1999, Rojc has hosted the annual Monteparadiso punk music festival which began seven years earlier in the squatted Fort Casoni Vecchi [hr; sh].
# Stephanie Ben-Ishai

Stephanie F. Ben-Ishai is a Canadian lawyer. She is a Distinguished Research Professor and full professor at Osgoode Hall Law School Osgoode Hall Law School. She was a Fulbright fellow and has authored or co-authored numerous books on insolvency, contract law, and corporate and commercial law.

## Early life and education

Upon graduating from Osgoode Hall Law School with her LL.B, Ben-Ishai served as a law clerk at the Court of Appeal for Ontario to Chief Justice McMurtry, Justice Laskin and Justice Sharpe. She also practiced law at Osler, Hoskin and Harcourt law firm before earning her LLM at Harvard Law School with a Fulbright fellowship.

## Career

In 2003, Ben-Ishai joined the faculty at her alma mater, Osgoode Hall Law School. By 2006, she was promoted to Associate Professor and received the Borden Ladner Gervais LLP Summer Research Fellowship. She also worked as a visiting professor at the University of Toronto and Monash University Faculty of Law. During the following academic year, she received the Osgoode Hall Leave Fellowship for 2008-09 and later earned an INSOL International Scholar appointment.
In 2010, she worked as a visiting professor at Monash University Law School and the University of Florida UF Levin College of Law. On April 7, 2015, Ben-Ishai received an Osgoode Hall Research Fellowships to complete a project on student loan debt.
Ben-Ishai took a sabbatical during the 2018–19 academic year and served as the Thomas Feeney Visiting Professor of Business Law at the University of Ottawa. On June 21, 2019, Ben-Ishai was appointed a York University Distinguished Research Professor "in recognition of her exceptional scholarly achievements and substantial impact on the field of bankruptcy law."
# Gruffydd ap Rhys II

Gruffydd ap Rhys II (died 25 July 1201) was a prince of Deheubarth in south-west Wales.

## Lineage

He was the son of Rhys ap Gruffydd (The Lord Rhys) and grandson of Gruffydd ap Rhys. Gruffydd was the eldest son of Rhys ap Gruffydd by his wife Gwenllian, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd prince of Powys. Rhys intended Gruffydd to be his main heir, and in 1189 he married Maud de Braose, the daughter of Maud de St Valery and of William de Braose. They had two sons, Rhys and Owain.

## Family feud

In Rhys' last years a feud developed between Gruffydd and his brother Maelgwn ap Rhys, both supported by some of their other brothers. In 1189 Rhys was persuaded to imprison Maelgwn, and he was given into Gruffydd's keeping at Dinefwr. Gruffydd handed him over to his father in law, William de Braose. In 1192 Rhys secured Maelgwn's release, but by now he and Gruffydd were bitter enemies. In 1194 Maelgwn and another brother Hywel defeated their father and imprisoned him, though he was later released by Hywel.
Rhys ap Gruffydd died in 1197. Gruffydd was recognised as his successor after an interview with Archbishop Hubert the justiciar. But Maelgwn used troops supplied by Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys to attack Aberystwyth. He captured the town and the castle, and took Gruffydd himself prisoner, later handing him over to Gwenwynwyn who in turn transferred him to the English who imprisoned him in Corfe Castle.
In 1198 Gwenwynwyn threatened the English holdings at Painscastle and Elfael, and Gruffydd was released from captivity to try to mediate in the dispute. His efforts failed, and in the ensuing battle Gwenwynwyn was defeated.
Gruffydd retained his liberty and by the end of the year had captured all of Ceredigion from Maelgwn except for the castles of Cardigan and Ystrad Meurig. In 1199 he took Cilgerran Castle. Maelgwn made an agreement with King John of England, selling Cardigan castle to him in exchange for the possession of the remainder of Ceredigion.
In July 1201 another brother, Maredudd ap Rhys, was killed, and Gruffydd took over his lands.

## Death and burial

On 25 July 1201 Gruffydd himself died of an illness and was buried in Strata Florida Abbey.
# Gymnophryxe modesta

Gymnophryxe modesta is a Palaearctic species of tachinid flies in the genus Gymnophryxe of the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Palaearctic: Mongolia & China.
# Anne O'Shiell

Anne O'Shiell (20 November 1720, Nantes – 30 June 1793, Nantes) was a French businesswoman. She managed the major slave trade firm Grou et Michel in Nantes from 1774 to 1793, which at that time was one of the most successful companies of its kind, making her a millionaire.

## Life

Anne O'Shiell was the daughter of the Irish Jacobite exile and successful slave trade merchant Luc O'Shiell (1677–1745) and Agnès Vanasse, and the sister of Mary O'Shiell and Agnès O'Shiell. Her family and their manor Manoir de la Placelière were the center of the Irish of Nantes, and the manor was known as a gathering place for Jacobites.
In 1741 she married the millionaire slave trader Guillaume Grou (1698–1774). Anne had no children.
When her father died in 1745, she and her sisters Agnes and Mary inherited the Manoir de la Placelière, which was bought by Anne and her spouse in 1747. In 1755, her birth family was recognized as nobility by the French crown.
When she was widowed in 1774, she inherited a vast fortune from her husband. She also inherited his slave trade firm, Grou et Michel, one of the biggest companies in Nantes. Her firm was a big player in the Nantes slave trade at a time when Nantes was a major port in the Atlantic slave trade. During the French Revolution, the slave trade was abolished.
She died in June 1793, during the Battle of Nantes. In November 1793, her fortune was confiscated by the revolutionary government.
# Francis Ford Wilson

Francis Ford Wilson (29 October 1865 – 17 June 1919) was an Australian trade unionist and politician who served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1905 to 1908, representing the seat of North Perth.
Wilson was born near Creswick, Victoria. He worked variously as a blacksmith, wheelwright, and coachbuilder, living for periods in Melbourne and in Morwell. He served as president of the Victorian Coachbuilders' Union in 1901, and after moving to Western Australia in 1903 helped to re-establish a branch of the union there. At the 1904 state election, Wilson was elected to the seat of North Perth for the Labor Party, replacing George McWilliams. However, his time in parliament was short-lived, as he was defeated by James Brebber at the 1905 election. He later served on the North Perth Municipal Council from 1909 to 1914. In June 1919, Wilson contracted Spanish flu. He was placed into quarantine at Blackboy Hill, but died on the night of his arrival. Wilson had married Annie Andrew in 1887, with whom he had six children.
# Hacılar, Yığılca

Hacılar is a village in the Yığılca District of Düzce Province in Turkey. Its population is 403 (2022).
# Splendrillia hedleyi

Splendrillia hedleyi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off Queensland.
# Jacinta C. Conrad

Jacinta Carmel Conrad is an American soft matter physicist. She is the Frank M. Tiller Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Houston. Conrad was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 2022 for "experimental contributions to understanding nanoparticle dynamics, bacterial adhesion, and colloid-polymer mixtures, using advanced microscopy and light scattering techniques."

## Early life and education

Conrad was raised in Eugene, Oregon, USA, where she attended South Eugene High School. As a senior, she was a finalist for the Westinghouse science final, becoming one of two Oregonians in a decade to make the finals of the national contest. Conrad later stated that she became involved in science in part because of a "transformative research experience" in high school. Following high school, Conrad enrolled at the University of Chicago for her undergraduate degree in mathematics. Upon graduating in 1999, she then enrolled at Harvard University for her master's degree and PhD. Upon earning her PhD, Conrad completed her post-doctoral research position at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 2009.

## Career

Following her post-doctoral work, Conrad joined the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Houston in 2010 as an assistant professor. In this role, she continued to expand on her postdoctoral research by publishing a paper detailing a then-newly discovered method that bacteria used to move. Her research team found that Pilus were used by some bacteria to pull themselves upright and "walk" across a surface. She later built on this finding by discovering that the bacteria used the pili as grappling hooks by employing them in a "slingshot" motion to move. Conrad's research into new methods of bacteria motility and movement earned her the National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 2012. The award granted her five years of funding to study how bacteria movement influences the formation of biofilms, colonies of bacteria that are extremely difficult to remove once they have formed.
Conrad's work in colloid and interfacial science earned her funding from the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Her funding was aimed at determining how the use of dispersants to break up an oil spill affects the natural cleaning role played by bacteria. As the Ernest J. and Barbara Henley Associate Professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering, Conrad became a UH Energy Fellow and received a UH Women and Gender Resource Center Distinguished Faculty Scholar award. In 2021, as the Frank M. Tiller Professor, Conrad was elected a Fellow of the Society of Rheology.
Conrad was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 2022 for "experimental contributions to understanding nanoparticle dynamics, bacterial adhesion, and colloid-polymer mixtures, using advanced microscopy and light scattering techniques."
# Stephen Keysuk Kim

Stephen Keysuk Kim (Korean: 김기석; Hanja: 金基錫) is a South Korean marketing academic whose research interests include new forms of interfirm governance, interfirm control systems, and decision rights in marketing and sales. He is the Raisbeck Endowed Professor in Business at the department of marketing at Iowa State University's Debbie and Jerry Ivy College of Business.

## Academic career

Upon completing his Bachelor of Science in business administration at Korea University in 1984, Kim pursued a Master of Business Administration specializing in marketing. After completing the MBA program in 1987, Kim continued his doctoral studies in marketing at the University of Southern California, while working as a teaching assistant in South Korea and as an instructor in the US. In 1993, he completed his PhD.
Kim was an assistant professor at Baruch College between 1993 and 1997, then held the same rank at Oregon State University until 2001, when he was promoted to associate professor. In 2006, he joined the Iowa State University faculty. He was promoted to full professor in 2012, where since 2017 he is the Raisbeck Endowed Professor in Business.
Kim has authored several dozen book chapters and articles in peer-reviewed academic journals, which have been cited over 3300 times, giving him an h-index of 22.

## Selected works

The following articles have each been cited over 300 times:
* Loyalty: The Influences of Satisfaction and Brand Community Integration. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice (2003): 1-11. With James H. McAlexander and Scott D. Roberts.
* On Interfirm Power, Channel Climate, and Solidarity in Industrial Distributor-Supplier Dyads. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 28.3 (2000): 388-405.
* Business Model Innovation Performance: When Does Adding a New Business Model Benefit an Incumbent?. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 9.1 (2015): 34-57. With Sungwook Min.
# H25

H25 or H-25 may refer to:
* Piasecki H-25, a helicopter formerly operated by the Canadian, French and United States militaries
* HMS H25, a United Kingdom Royal Navy submarine which saw service during World War I
and also :
* H25, a medium-format camera made by Danish company Phase One as part of their H-series line
* Senile cataract ICD-10 code
# Maguan, Gansu

Maguan (simplified Chinese: 马关; traditional Chinese: 馬關; pinyin: Mǎguān) is a rural town in Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County, Gansu, China. As of 2020, it has two residential neighborhoods and 15 villages under its administration:

## Neighborhoods

* Caowan (草湾)
* Xinyi (新义)

## Villages

* Shichuan Village (石川村)
* Xishan Village (西山村)
* Dongzhuang Village (东庄村)
* Huanghua Village (黄花村)
* Shanghe Village (上河村)
* Badu Village (八杜村)
* Xitai Village (西台村)
* Xizhuang Village (西庄村)
* Shangdou Village (上豆村)
* Xiaozhuang Village (小庄村)
* Miaowan Village (庙湾村)
* Zhaogou Village (赵沟村)
* Mapu Village (马堡村)
* Dongshan Village (东山村)
* Weigou Village (韦沟村)
# Gu-Edin

Gu-Edin (also transcribed "Gu'edena" or "Guedena") was a fertile plain in Sumer, in modern-day Iraq. It lay between Umma and Lagash, and claims made on it by each side were a cause of the Umma-Lagash war. Argument over the territory continued for around 150 years.

## Early history

According to a peace between Umma and Lagash mediated by Mesilim, king of Kish had determined where the boundary lay and the terms of use of a canal used to irrigate the land. The terms of that agreement were recorded on a stone monument called a stele, but Umma continued to feel that Lagash were unfairly advantaged by it.

## Reign of Eannatum

It is recorded on the Stele of the Vultures that Gu-Edin was pillaged by a later (énsi) of Umma, who ruled that city on behalf of its god Shara, and whose name, according to the Cone of Enmetena, was Ush. Gu-Edin had been claimed by the énsi of Lagash, Eannatum – author of the Stele of Vultures – as the property of Lagash's god, Ninĝirsu, and the pillaging precipitated a war between the two cities.
Eannatum attacked back and Umma was heavily defeated. By the time peace was re-established, Ush was either dead or deposed.

### Treaty

A peace treaty was agreed between his successor, Enakalli, and Eannatum which established Gu-Edin as the property of Ninĝirsu. A deep canal was dug to mark the freshly agreed border and two stone monuments were put in place: the Stele of Mesilim, which had been there before, and a newly carved one. Leonard William King, writing in 1910, suggested that the second stele may have had much the same text as the Stele of the Vultures, but that the latter would not have been on the boundary itself.
The treaty, which was sealed with oaths and the erection of temples, also included the establishment of an 'ownerless' tract of land intended as a buffer, and treated any barley Umma grew in that area of Gu-Edin to which it had access as a loan from Lagash, with resulting interest. That area of land, then, could be used by Umma but only by paying rent. However, Umma did not reliably pay up.

## Later events

Gu-Edin was invaded by Umma at least twice during the reign of Eannatum's son, Entemena: once by Ur-Lumma and once by his successor Illi. The first attack was defeated soundly, according to Entemena's account, and the second was not lastingly successful.
Lagash finally fell to Lugalzagesi, king of Umma, circa 2350 BCE, ending the First Dynasty of Lagash. Tablets of lamentation have been found, recording the fall of Lagash to Lugalzagesi, during the rule of Urukagina. Lugalzagesi went on to conquer the whole of Sumer, until he was himself vanquished by Sargon of Akkad.
# Anna Simson

Anna Simson, née Haberkern (20 August 1835, Werder – 14 March 1916, Lubiąż Abbey, Silesia) was a German women's rights activist.
In 1893 she attended the founding of the World's Congress of Representative Women meeting on the occasion of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. She was accompanied by Auguste Förster, Hanna Bieber-Böhm and Käthe Schirmacher. They took the example of the American National Council of Women as inspiration for founding the Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine (BDF – Federation of German Women's Associations). She became the first secretary of the BDF and was later Deputy Chairwoman. In that capacity she corresponded with Teresa Wilson, the secretary to Lady Aberdeen leader of the International Council of Women. Here she expressed the differing aspirations of the BDF who considered that Aberdeen's leadership was too disorganised and showed too much of a class orientation in favour of the aristocracy.
    “The German women’s movement is a thoroughly ‘bourgeois’ one and as a women’s movement rejects all mere charity work by aristocrats, the conservatives, and the Church.”
Within the BDF Anna was aligned with the moderates who were worried about a more radical group emerging.
# Hacılar, Yenice

Hacılar is a village in the Yenice District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 117 (2021).
# Hamedan Museum of Natural History

The Hamedan Museum of Natural History is a natural history museum located in the Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan, north-western Iran.
The museum has several exhibition halls. The first hall of this museum is the Persian Gulf Hall, which houses a variety of bivalves, gastropods, snails, crustaceans, corals and sponges of the Persian Gulf.
The second hall is dedicated to the insects and contains various insects of different kinds. This hall also houses the most beautiful butterflies found in Iran.
The third hall is for mammals and birds, and the collection of birds and mammals of Iran, which have a special value and prestige, is placed in this hall.
# Eucalyptopsis papuana

Eucalyptopsis papuana is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is found in Maluku and New Guinea. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Stephen Khan

Stephen M. Khan ECA (born 1966 or 1967) is a Canadian politician who was an elected member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta representing the electoral district of St. Albert. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative caucus. He was minister responsible for Service Alberta in the cabinet of Jim Prentice.
He was defeated by Marie Renaud of the New Democrats in the 2015 Alberta general election.
He later joined the Alberta Party.

## Electoral history

vte2015 Alberta general election: St. Albert :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| New Democratic | Marie Renaud | 12,219 | 53.9 |
| Progressive Conservative | Stephen Khan | 6,343 | 28.0 |
| Wildrose | Shelley Biermanski | 2,854 | 12.6 |
| Liberal | Bill Alton | 778 | 3.4 |
| Alberta Party | Trevor Love | 492 | 2.2 |
vte2012 Alberta general election: St. Albert :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Progressive Conservative | Stephen Khan | 10,481 | 53.76 |
| Wildrose | James Burrows | 4,130 | 21.18 |
| Liberal | Kim Bugeaud | 2,011 | 10.31 |
| New Democratic | Nicole Bownes | 1,679 | 8.61 |
| Alberta Party | Tim Osborne | 1,195 | 6.13 |
# Gilung

Gilung is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2110 people living in 419 individual households.
# Gu'an East railway station

Gu'an East railway station (Chinese: 固安东站; pinyin: Gù'āndōng zhàn) is a railway station in Gu'an County, Langfang, Hebei, China.

## History

Beijing–Xiong'an intercity railway opened on 27 December 2020 and the Tianjin–Daxing Airport intercity railway opened on 18 December 2023.
# Gholam Rabani Nasher

Gholam Rabani Nasher is a citizen of Afghanistan. Following the Bonn Conference that chose Hamid Karzai as Afghanistan's interim leader a Constitutional Loya Jirga was to write a new constitution. Nasher was one of the 502 delegates Karzai appointed. He sat on the third of the Jirga's ten committees. The Constitutional Loya Jirga sat from 2002 to 2004.
He was born in Kunduz in 1940, son of Loe Khan Nasher, grandson of Sher Khan Nasher.
# Fiorina

Fiorina may refer to:

## People with the surname

* Alejandro Fiorina (born 1988), an Argentine footballer
* Betty Fiorina (1919–2010), an American politician
* Carly Fiorina (born 1954), business executive and 2016 presidential candidate
* Morris P. Fiorina (born 1946), political scientist and author

## Other uses

* Fiorina (San Marino), a village in San Marino
* Fiorina 161, a fictional planet and the setting of Alien 3
* Fiorina la vacca (Fiorina the Cow), a 1972 film directed by Vittorio De Sisti
* Fiorina, an 1851 opera by Carlo Pedrotti
# Hamedi

Hamedi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ebrahim Hamedi (born 1949), Iranian pop singer better known by his stage name Ebi
* Niloofar Hamedi (born 1992), Iranian journalist
* Tareg Hamedi (born 1998), Saudi karateka
# Eucosmodontidae

Eucosmodontidae is a poorly preserved family of fossil mammals within the extinct order Multituberculata. Representatives are known from strata dating from the Upper Cretaceous through the Lower Eocene of North America, as well as the Paleocene to Eocene of Europe. The family is part of the suborder of Cimolodonta. They might be related with the Djadochtatherioidea but without further finds, this remains unclear. Other than a partial snout, fossil evidence is limited to teeth. A 2021 study vindicates this relationship.
The taxonomic name Eucosmodontidae was given by Jepsen in 1940. Some authors interpret this version of Eucosmodontidae and Microcosmodontidae as being subfamilies rather than families.