OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Hefei (231)

The Battle of Hefei was fought between the states of Cao Wei and Eastern Wu in 231 during the Three Kingdoms period.

## Background

In 230, the state of Wei constructed a new fortress at Hefei as a defence against the rival state of Wu. The fortress was referred to as "Xincheng" (新城; literally: "new city/fortress").

## The battle

In 231, the Wu emperor Sun Quan led an army to attack Xincheng. Man Chong wrote to the Wei emperor Cao Rui seeking soldiers from Yan and Yu provinces to help defend Xincheng. Shortly after the troops arrived, Sun Quan retreated without attacking Xincheng. One of Cao Rui's advisers, Xu Xuan, warned that this was their plan all along and that as soon as the troops were dispersed, Sun Quan would attack again. After about ten days, Sun Quan returned to besiege Xincheng but Man Chong was fully prepared and easily repelled the assault.
Later, Sun Quan realised that he could not take Xincheng by force, so he decided that since he had so much success with Zhou Fang's false defection at the Battle of Shiting, he would try that approach again. Sun Quan ordered his relative Sun Bu to pretend to defect to Wei in order to lure the Wei-appointed Governor of Yang Province, Wang Ling, into a trap. Sun Quan set soldiers in ambush at Fuling.
Sun Bu asked Wang Ling to send soldiers to take him to Wei. Wang Ling, in turn, requested permission from his superiors to do so. One of those superiors was Man Chong, who did not believe that Sun Bu's defection was genuine. Man Chong sent a letter (on behalf of Wang Ling) to Sun Bu saying that he was very pleased to hear that Sun Bu wanted to defect. However, he explained that he feared that if he sent too few troops, Sun Bu would not be protected and if he sent too many it would attract undue attention. Finally, in his letter he urged Sun Bu to think of some way to flee from Sun Quan quietly. Meanwhile, Cao Rui summoned Man Chong to meet him. Before leaving to meet the Wei emperor, Man Chong ordered his chief clerk not to give Wang Ling soldiers with which to receive Sun Bu. Wang Ling could not obtain a large number of troops and so sent only a very small force to escort Sun Bu. This small force was ambushed at Fuling and defeated. However, due to Man Chong's foresight, the loss was negligible and Sun Quan's strategy to eliminate the Wei forces based in Hefei failed.

## Aftermath

Man Chong was summoned to the Wei imperial court. This was due to a memorial issued by Wang Ling, who evidently did not get along well with his superior. Wang Ling accused Man Chong of being too old and too fond of wine to be such an important administrator. Cao Rui summoned Man Chong so that he could judge for himself. When he met Man Chong, Cao Rui determined that he was perfectly fit for his work and thus allowed Man Chong to resume his duties at Xincheng.
# Forgotten Fantasies

Forgotten Fantasies is an album of duets by saxophonist David Liebman and pianist Richard Beirach which was recorded in New York in 1975 and released on the Horizon label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The AllMusic review by David R. Adler stated, "Their stark and somewhat somber music, which would be perfectly at home on the ECM label, still sounds contemporary. Beirach's chords are lush and, at times, quite dissonant and opaque, providing a complex harmonic foundation for the lyrical post-Coltrane musings of Liebman".

## Track listing

All compositions by David Liebman except where noted
* "October 10th" (Richard Beirach) – 4:30
* "Repeat Performance" – 7:35
* "Eugene" (Beirach) – 7:57
* "Forgotten Fantasies" – 5:24
* "Troubled Peace" – 4:50
* "Obsidian Mirrors" (Beirach) – 13:16

## Personnel

* David Liebman – tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone, echoplex, phase shifter, alto flute
* Richard Beirach – acoustic piano
# Ford M. Fraker

Ford M. Fraker (1948 – September 4, 2017) was a and American diplomat who served as U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia.He was president of the Middle East Policy Council and chairman, Merrill Lynch Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

## Career highlights

Prior to his nomination, Fraker was serving as chairman of the Trinity Group Limited, a private investment banking firm in the United Kingdom, and as consultant for Intercontinental Real Estate Corporation in Boston.
Fraker graduated cum laude from Harvard University in 1971 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He has served as a banker in the Middle East for more than thirty years. He began his career with Chemical Bank, where he worked from 1972 to 1979. He worked in Lebanon, the UAE, and Bahrain, ending as a vice president and Regional Manager for the bank's Bahrain office. He joined the Saudi International Bank in 1979, and worked for SIB until 1991, holding positions of increasing management responsibility in the bank's General Banking, Credit and Client Development units. When he left SIB in 1991, Fraker was serving on the bank's Management Committee.
He founded Fraker & Co. in 1991, and in 1993, he joined MeesPierson Investment Finance (UK) Limited, where he was the managing director responsible for placing U.S. and European investment products with European and Middle Eastern institutional and private investors. In 1997, he co-founded Trinity Group Limited, and continued to serve as managing director and chairman until his nomination by President Bush. In 2009, he was named a senior advisor at private equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR) and in 2013 he joined the Board of Directors of the Middle East Policy Council.

## Personal and family

As of 1990, Fraker has been married for 33 years and has three children. He was born in Princeton, New Jersey, and spoke French and Arabic.
Diplomatic posts :
| Preceded byJames Oberwetter | United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia 2007–2009 | Succeeded byJames B. Smith |
# Midnight Predator

Midnight Predator is a vampire novel written by Amelia Atwater-Rhodes, published in 2002 when the author was 18. The novel was an ALA Quick Pick and “a must-read” according to School Library Journal, who also wrote that “the plot and characters are so skillfully intertwined that each one moves the story to its thoughtful ending.” Fannie Heaslip Lea’s poem "The Dead Faith" appears in the beginning of the book.

## Summary

Though she was once a happy teenager with a wonderful family and a full life, Turquoise Draka is now a hunter, committed to no higher purpose than making money and staying alive. In a deadly world of vampires, shape-shifters, and powerful mercenaries, she'll track any prey if the price is right. Her current assignment: to assassinate Jeshickah, one of the cruelest vampires in history. Her employer: an unknown contact who wants the job done fast. Her major obstacle: she'll have to mask her strength and enter Midnight, a fabled Vampire realm, as a human slave. Vulnerable and defenseless, she faces her greatest challenge ever.
# Battle of Carinish

The Battle of Carinish was a Scottish clan battle fought in North Uist in 1601. It was part of a year of feuding between Clan MacLeod of Dunvegan and the Clan MacDonald of Sleat, that ended with a MacDonald victory and an enforced peace.

## Background

In 1601, Donald Gorm Mor MacDonald (Dòmhnall Gorm Mor MacDhòmhnall) rejected his wife, a sister of Rory MacLeod (Ruaraidh MacLeòid) of Harris and Dunvegan. MacLeod responded to this slight by devastating the Trotternish peninsula in the north of Skye, which prompted MacDonald to attack MacLeod land in Harris.

## Battle

In turn MacLeod raided North Uist, sending 40 men under his cousin Donald Glas MacLeod to seize goods that the locals had put for safety in the Trinity Temple at Carinish. On hearing this, Donald MacIain 'ic Sheumais (Donald, son of John, son of James) of Clan Ranald gathered his 12 gillemores and bound for Carinish. On his way, his force was augmented to 15. They arrived early in the forenoon and successfully surprised raiders as they feasted in the church. Only two MacLeods survived; Donald MacLeod was among the dead. Donald MacIain 'ic Sheumais suffered a serious arrow wound, but soon recovered. Tradition has it that the song 'Ic Iain 'Ic Sheumais was composed by his foster-mother to soothe his pain.
The Battle of Carinish is said to be the last engagement fought with bows and arrows in the British Isles, though such an engagement may have taken place in England in 1642.

## Aftermath

Three weeks later, on his way back to Skye to report his victory, a violent snow storm forced Donald MacIain 'ic Sheumais to seek shelter at Rodel in Harris. He told only his godson, who was at Rodel as page to Rory MacLeod. As Rory MacLeod looked out at the storm, he exclaimed to his page that "on such a night he would not refuse shelter even to his greatest enemy, even Donald MacIain 'ic Sheumais". The page immediately took Rory at his word and informed him that Donald was indeed requesting shelter. Donald and his men were given hospitality by the MacLeods. The tension at dinner was severe and violence was only avoided by Rory's firmness. Early in the night the page told the Macdonalds that the wind was fair for Skye and they wisely departed; before dawn, MacLeod clansmen set fire to their quarters without the knowledge of their chief. As the Macdonalds sailed away, their piper played the tune "The MacLeods are disgraced".
After another MacLeod defeat at the Battle of Coire Na Creiche, the Privy Council of Scotland intervened to end the feud. The peace was celebrated with three weeks of feasting and festivities at Dunvegan Castle. Apart from a brief flare-up in 1603, that was the end of violence between the two clans.

## In popular culture

The events are the subject of a comic folk song by Glasgow folk singer Matt McGinn. The song is called The One-Eyed Woman.

## Gallery

* Carinish with the battlefield
* The Teampull na Trionad
* The Graveyard of the Teampull na Trionad
# Battle of Anandpur (1703)

The Battle of Anandpur was fought on 24 February between the Sikh forces led by Guru Gobind Singh and the forces of some Hill States.

## Background

In 1702, Guru Gobind Singh visited Kurukshetra, Jyotisar, Pahoe, Kare, Sayana, Chamkaur and some other villages before returning to Anandpur Sahib. The First Battle of Chamkaur occurred and a Mughal force with Hill Raja assistance were defeated. They suffered heavy casualties compared to the Sikhs. The next year, Anandpur was attacked by the Hill Rajas again.

## Battle

Ajmer Chand of Bilaspur attacked the Sikhs in Anandpur in 1703. This time he was assisted by Raja Bhup Chand of Handur, Raja Wazir Singh of Chamba and Raja Dev Saran of Fatehpur. The Sikhs met the forces outside of the town. A fierce and hard fought battle occurred and as a result the Hill Rajas again fell back and dispersed. .

## Aftermath

First Battle of Anandpur (1704) was the next attack on Anandpur during the start of 1704.
# Mieczysław Garsztka

Mieczysław Sylwester Garsztka (31 December 1896 - 10 June 1919) was a Polish pilot and a flying ace of the German air force during World War I and later the Polish air force during the Polish-Ukrainian War.

## World War I German service

He was born to a Polish family in Bromberg (Bydgoszcz). Some sources state his forename as Sylvester, but Mieczysław was his first name and was the one used by him. He intended to study medicine, but in November 1915 he was mobilized into the German army. Initially he served in the infantry on the Western Front with Grenadier Regiment 110 and Infantry Regiment 87. After completing officer training in April 1917 he became a Leutnant.
He was slightly injured commanding a company in the 1st battalion of the 1st Nassau Infantry Regiment Nr. 87, and was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd class. Then he asked to be transferred to the air service, and in November 1917 he was sent to flying school.
After completing his flying training in Posen (Poznań), and then a fighter pilot course in Nivelles, he was assigned to Jagdstaffel 31 (Jasta 31) in St. Loup in Champagne on 7 June 1918. Initially he flew the Albatros D.V and later the Fokker D.VII fighter.
His combat career was short but successful. He shot down his first claim, a SPAD fighter, on 16 July 1918 and was given a fighter pilot badge. On 18 September he shot down an S.E.5a and a DH.9 bomber, then another DH.9 on 25 September. The following day he shot down a Sopwith Camel of No. 208 Squadron, and on 30 September he claimed his sixth (and last) kill, an S.E.5a. from No. 92 Squadron.
On 2 October he was wounded during combat with Camels of No. 46 Squadron RAF, but managed to land and was hospitalised. His probable victors were Captain Donald MacLaren, James Leith and Cyril H. Sawyer. Garsztka was the only pilot of Jasta 31 to become a fighter ace. On 25 September 1918 he was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class.

## Polish service

After the war, when Poland regained independence, Garsztka broke through the border to Poland and on 7 December 1918 joined the Polish Air Force. At first he was made an instructor pilot in Warsaw as he was skilled in German aircraft pilotage, but he asked to be sent to the front. At that time, the Polish forces were fighting with Ukrainian forces for control of Lwów (Lviv) and the surrounding area. On 9 May 1919 Garsztka was sent to the 7th Air Escadrille (later known as the Kościuszko Squadron) in Lwów. From 10 May to 7 June he undertook sixteen combat missions, mostly as a pilot of a bomber-reconnaissance LVG C.VI. Among others on 14 May, he flew three times bombing Ukrainian positions.
On 10 June 1919, Mieczysław Garsztka was killed in an air crash, flying a newly reconstructed SPAD S.VII fighter in Lwów. The cause of the crash was wing fabric failure. He was posthumously awarded the Virtuti Militari 5th Class. He was buried in Łyczakowski Cemetery.

## Endnotes

* 1 2 3 4 Kopański, T.J.
* ↑ Garsztka at The Aerodrome
# Hong Kong National Grass Court Championships

The Hong Kong National Grass Court Championships was a combined men's and women's grass court tennis tournament founded in 1911. also known as the Hong Kong Grass Court Tennis Championships. The championships were held at the Hong Cricket Club (HKCC), British Hong Kong from inception until 1974. It was then staged at the Craigengower Cricket Club (CCC) from 1975 to 1976 before it was discontinued.

## History

The first National Grass Court Men’s Singles Championship was held in 1911 at the Hong Kong Cricket Club and won by Harold Adair Nisbet. In 1918 the first men's Chinese champion was Ng Sze-Kwong, he would win the title a further five times (1918-23). The championships continued through to 1976 when they were abolished.
Notable winners of the men's singles title included; Ip Koon Hung, Dick Dell, and Colin Dibley. Former winners of women's singles title included; Ling Tsui Yuen Yuen, Lita Liem, and Kazuko Sawamatsu.
# Bilbil

Bilbil is the word for 'nightingale' in various Middle Eastern languages. It may also be:
* Bilbil Klosi
* Bilbil language
* Mount Bilbil
* Bilbil juglet
# Milan Čančarević

Milan Čančarević (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Чанчаревић; born 21 May 1955) is a Serbian football manager and former player.

## Playing career

After starting out at his hometown club Sloga Užička Požega, Čančarević spent most of his playing career with Sloboda Titovo Užice, making 97 appearances and scoring five goals in the Yugoslav Second League between 1980 and 1986.

## Managerial career

In July 1999, Čančarević became manager of Sloboda Užice, competing in the Second League of FR Yugoslavia. He was dismissed from his position in August 2000.
In 2008, Čančarević was hired as head coach for the Serbian White Eagles of the Canadian Soccer League. He won the CSL Championship after defeating the Trois-Rivières Attak on penalties.
In 2013, Čančarević was appointed as manager of Zlatibor Čajetina. He spent three seasons in charge and led the club to promotion from the Zlatibor District League to the Serbian League West.
Between 2019 and 2022, Čančarević was manager of Kolubara-Mačva Zone League club Drina Ljubovija.

## Personal life

Čančarević is the father of fellow footballer Ognjen Čančarević.

## Honours

Serbian White Eagles
* Canadian Soccer League: 2008
Zlatibor Čajetina
* Drina Zone League: 2015–16
* Zlatibor District League: 2013–14
# Friess Lake

Friess Lake is a 121-acre lake in the Village of Richfield, in Washington County, Wisconsin. It is a recreational lake with sport fishing and it is a no-wake lake. Little Friess Lake is connected to Friess Lake by a small channel.

## History

The village of Richfield has six lakes and the largest one is Friess Lake. In 2008 the Wisconsin Department of Natural resources began trying to improve access to the lake. Grant money was used to make a boat launch on the 15-acre Little Friess Lake. Boaters can use the channel which leads from Little Friess to get to Friess Lake.
# Amphicnaeia lineata

Amphicnaeia lineata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1866.
# Esprit Requien

Esprit Requien (6 May 1788, Avignon – 30 May 1851, Bonifacio, Corse-du-Sud) was a French naturalist, who made contributions in the fields of conchology, paleontology and especially botany.
From the age of 18, he was associated with the botanical garden in the city of Avignon. He performed extensive studies of flora native to Corsica and in the environs of Mont Ventoux. During his lifetime, he amassed an herbarium of 300,000 specimens.
In the fields of conchology and palaeontology, he conducted collecting expeditions to the Pyrenees, Catalonia and Italy. The natural history museum, Musée Requien, in Avignon is named in his honor.
He is the taxonomic authority of a monotypic plant genus Helxine, now treated as a synonym of Soleirolia soleirolii, in the nettle family Urticaceae. The genera of lichenized fungi, Requienella (author Jean-Henri Fabre) and the flowering plant Requienia (author Augustin Pyramus de Candolle) are named after him, as are plants with the specific and subspecific epithets of requienii.
The World Register of Marine Species lists 57 marine species names by Requien, most of which have become synonyms.

## Written works

* Observations sur quelques plantes rares ou nouvelles de la flore française, 1825 - Observations on some rare and new botanical species found in France.
* Catalogue des végétaux ligneux qui croissent naturellement en Corse, 1852 - Catalogue of woody plants native to Corsica.
* Bibliographie des journaux publiés à Avignon et dans le département de Vaucluse, 1837 - Bibliography of papers published in Avignon and in the department of Vaucluse.
* Dons faits au Museum Calve, 1839-1846 - Donations to the Museum Calve.
* Catalogue des coquilles de l'île de Corse, 1848 - a catalog of Corsican seashells.
# Ethernet over SDH

Ethernet Over SDH (EoS or EoSDH) or Ethernet over SONET refers to a set of protocols which allow Ethernet traffic to be carried over synchronous digital hierarchy networks in an efficient and flexible way. The same functions are available using SONET.
Ethernet frames which are to be sent on the SDH link are sent through an "encapsulation" block (typically Generic Framing Procedure or GFP) to create a synchronous stream of data from the asynchronous Ethernet packets. The synchronous stream of encapsulated data is then passed through a mapping block which typically uses virtual concatenation (VCAT) to route the stream of bits over one or more SDH paths. As this is byte interleaved, it provides a better level of security compared to other mechanisms for Ethernet transport.
After traversing SDH paths, the traffic is processed in the reverse fashion: virtual concatenation path processing to recreate the original synchronous byte stream, followed by decapsulation to converting the synchronous data stream to an asynchronous stream of Ethernet frames.
The SDH paths may be VC-4, VC-3, VC-12 or VC-11 paths. Up to 64 VC-11 or VC-12 paths can be concatenated together to form a single larger virtually concatenated group. Up to 256 VC-3 or VC-4 paths can be concatenated together to form a single larger virtually concatenated group. The paths within a group are referred to as "members". A virtually concatenated group is typically referred to by the notation pathType-Xv, where pathType is VC-4, VC-3, VC-12 or VC-11 and X is the number of members in the group.
* A 10-Mbit/s Ethernet link is often transported over a VC-12-5v which allows the full bandwidth to be carried for all packet sizes.
* A 100-Mbit/s Ethernet link is often transported over a VC-3-2v which allows the full bandwidth to be carried when smaller packets are used (< 250 bytes) and Ethernet flow control restricts the rate of traffic for larger packets. But does only give ca. 97 Mbit/s, not full 100 Mb.
* A 1000-Mbit/s (or 1 GigE) Ethernet link is often transported over a VC-3-21v or a VC-4-7v which allows the full bandwidth to be carried for all packets.
Possible bandwidths :
| Container (SDH) | Container (SONET) | Type | Payload Capacity (Mbit/s) |
| VC-11-Xv | VT-1.5-Xv SPE | Low Order | X x 1.600 (X = 1 to 64) |
| VC-12-Xv | VT-2-Xv SPE | Low Order | X x 2.176 (X = 1 to 64) |
| VC-2-Xv | - | Low Order | X x 6.848 (X = 1 to 64) |
| VC-3-Xv | STS-1-Xv SPE | High Order | X x 48.384 (X = 1 to 256) |
| VC-4-Xv | STS-3c-Xv SPE | High Order | X x 149.76 (X = 1 to 256) |
EoS also drops the "idle" packets of the Ethernet frame before encapsulating the Ethernet frame to GFP, which is recreated at the other end during decapsulation process. Hence this provide a better throughput compared to native Ethernet transport.
An additional protocol, called link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS), allows the two endpoints of the SDH paths to negotiate which paths are working and can carry traffic versus which paths should not be used to carry traffic.