OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ellen Damgaard Andersen

Ellen Damgaard Andersen is a physician and researcher who described Andersen Syndrome. This autosomal, dominant trait and the syndrome was described as a condition where ventricular arrhythmia, with an accompanying a variant of long QT interval, periodic paralysis and distinctive physical characteristics.
# Bates's chip

Bates's chip (also called a sloppy chip or fuzzy chip) is a theoretical chip proposed by MIT Media Lab's computer scientist Joseph Bates that would incorporate fuzzy logic to do calculations. The resulting calculations would be less accurate, though they would be performed significantly faster.
# Episcepsis rotundipennis

Episcepsis rotundipennis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Hans Zerny in 1931. It is found in Bolivia.
# Episcepsis rypoperas

Episcepsis rypoperas is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1898. It is found in Belize.
# Eppie Hamilton

George "Eppie" Hamilton (1900 - death date unknown) was an American professional baseball catcher in the Negro leagues. He played with several teams from 1923 to 1932, playing mostly with the Memphis Red Sox.
# Fluctuation

Fluctuation may refer to:

## Physics and mathematics

* Statistical fluctuations, in statistics, statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics
** Thermal fluctuations, statistical fluctuations in a thermodynamic variable
* Quantum fluctuation, arising from the uncertainty principle
** Primordial fluctuations, density variations in the early universe
** Universal conductance fluctuations, a quantum physics phenomenon encountered in electrical transport experiments in mesoscopic species

## Finance and economics

* Economic conjuncture, a critical combination of events in economics
* Volatility (finance), price fluctuation
# Flying Santa

The Flying Santa is the name given to a tradition that dates to Christmas of 1929, when packages of gifts were dropped from a plane to lighthouse keepers and their families along the New England coast.
The organization was the brainchild of William H. Wincapaw, a floatplane pilot from Friendship, Maine. He was well known for transporting passengers and cargo along the Maine coast. He frequently took to the air in less than ideal conditions to provide transport for sick or injured islanders. His actions were responsible for the saving of many lives. On many of these flights, his only means of navigation were the lighthouse beacons maintained by keepers along the coast. He had a great deal of admiration for these men and their families and felt that something special should be done to show them how much their efforts were appreciated. On December 25, 1929, he loaded up his plane with a dozen packages containing newspapers, magazines, coffee, candy and other items - small luxuries that could make living on an isolated island a little more bearable. He flew to lights around the Rockland area and dropped these modest gifts for the lighthouse families. So well received were his Christmas gifts, he expanded the program to cover more light stations and Coast Guard stations throughout New England. Wincapaw did not initially consider himself a Santa Claus; the title was bestowed upon him by residents of the stations that he visited. Soon he was joined on the route by his son, Bill Jr., and by author Edward Rowe Snow. Snow participated in the program for over forty years before his retirement.
The Flying Santa flights have continued uninterrupted, apart from one year during World War II, since 1929; helicopters are now used instead of planes. Retired USCG Chief Warrant Officer Thomas Guthlein and retired Senior Chief David Considine are two of the people who suit up for the Flying Santa role today. The nonprofit Friends of Flying Santa was established in 1997 to continue the flights primarily as a way of expressing gratitude for the work performed by the Coast Guard.
# Flying S Ranch Airport

Flying S Ranch Airport (FAA LID: 62CL) is a private airport located approximately 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Caliente, California.

## History

During World War II it was a United States Army Airfield, known as Caliente Flight Strip. It was one of the many Flight Strips which were built by the USAAF during the war for the emergency use of military aircraft.
The Caliente Flight Strip was listed on a table of Second Air Force Flight Strips which indicated that construction of the strip was completed in 1943. The strip was described as consisting of a 6,400' paved runway, adjacent to the south side of Route 93 but labeled merely as “FS-2”. It is not known what military use (if any) the Caliente Flight Strip ever had.
Sold by the WAA as a private airport after the war, the airfield was sold in July 1967 to its present owners.
# List of Scottish royal mistresses

This article contains a list of notable Scottish royal mistresses. The list cannot be complete since some earlier kings had illegitimate children by unknown mothers.

## David II

* 1360s: Agnes Dunbar
* 1361/2 until their marriage in 1364: Margaret Drummond

## Robert II

* 1330s: Elizabeth Mure

## James IV

* 1490s: Marion Boyd
* 1490s: Margaret Drummond
* 1497-1503: Janet Kennedy
* Isabel Stewart of Buchan

## James V of Scotland

* 1520s: Margaret Erskine, mother of James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray
* 1530s: Euphemia Elphinstone, mother of Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney
* 1530s: Elizabeth Beaton/Bethune, mother of Lady Jean Stewart

## James VI of Scotland

* 1590s: Anne Lyon, Countess of Kinghorne

## Prince Charles Edward Stuart

* 1740s: Jean Cameron
* 1750s: Clementina Walkinshaw, mother of Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany
# List of Scottish science fiction writers

This is an alphabetical list of science fiction writers connected to Scotland by birth, death or long-term residence.
* Top
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* See also
* External links

## A

* Gilbert Adair
* Mea Allan
* William Archer
* Marion Arnott
* Kate Atkinson
* William Auld

## B

* Allan Baillie
* David Baillie
* Andrew Balfour
* Iain Banks
* Robert Barr
* Eric Temple Bell
* Margot Bennett
* Julie Bertagna
* Chris Boyce
* Christopher Brookmyre
* George MacKay Brown
* John Brunner
* Jonathan Burke
* Ron Butlin

## C

* J Storer Clouston
* Michael Cobley
* Arthur Conan Doyle
* JJ Connington

## D

* Florence Dixie
* Dougal Dixon
* Diane Duane – resident in Scotland for a period
* Robert Ellis Dudgeon
* Dave Duncan
* Hal Duncan

## E

* Margaret Elphinstone

## F

* Michel Faber – Dutch writer resident in Scotland; has used Scotland as a setting
* Matthew Fitt

## G

* Jonathan Gathorne-Hardy
* Lewis Grassic Gibbon
* Gary Gibson
* Richard Gordon
* Stuart Gordon
* Alan Grant
* John Grant
* Alasdair Gray
* Stephen Greenhorn
* Neil M Gunn
* Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie

## H

* JBS Haldane
* Owen Hall
* Peter Hamilton
* Ronald Hingley

## J

* William James
* Richard Jobson

## K

* Chris Kelso
* James Kennaway
* Cam Kennedy
* Philip Kerr
* William King

## L

* Archibald Lamont
* Alan W. Lear
* David Lindsay
* Eric Linklater
* Duncan Lunan

## M

* Stuart MacBride
* Hugh MacColl
* J. T. McIntosh (James Murdoch MacGregor)
* F. Gwynplaine MacIntyre
* Compton Mackenzie
* Alistair MacLean
* Ken MacLeod
* Graham McNeill
* Angus MacVicar
* Donald Malcolm
* Colin Manlove
* Bruce Marshall
* Troy Kennedy Martin
* David I. Masson
* Robert Duncan Milne
* William Minto
* Naomi Mitchison
* Steven Moffat
* Dan Morgan
* Grant Morrison
* Peter Morwood – resident in Scotland for a while

## N

* Bill Napier
* Ian Niall (John McNeillie)
* Joseph Shield Nicholson
* Hume Nisbet
* Lisanne Norman

## O

* Margaret Oliphant
* George Orwell – English writer of Scottish extraction; wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four while living in Isle of Jura
* Walter Owen

## P

* James Peddie
* David Pringle

## Q

* Frank Quitely

## R

* Hannu Rajaniemi – Finnish writer; long-term resident in Scotland
* Gordon Rennie
* Terence Roberts (Ivan T. Sanderson)
* Michael Scott Rohan
* Archie Roy
* Brian Ruckley

## S

* Ivan T. Sanderson (Terence Roberts)
* Graham Seton
* Michael Shea
* Catherine Helen Spence
* Gordon Stables
* Robert Louis Stevenson
* Charles Stross
* Martin Swayne

## T

* John Taine (Eric Temple Bell)
* Ismar Thiusen (John MacNie)
* Ruthven Todd

## U

* Thomas Urquhart

## W

* David Walker
* Irvine Welsh
* Gordon Williams

## Y

* Jane Yolen – American writer; long-term resident of Scotland
# List of State Register of Heritage Places in the Shire of Wiluna

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
The State Register of Heritage Places is maintained by the Heritage Council of Western Australia. As of 2023, 38 places are heritage-listed in the Shire of Wiluna, of which two are on the State Register of Heritage Places.

## List

The Western Australian State Register of Heritage Places, as of 2023, lists the following two state-registered places within the Shire of Wiluna:
| Place name | Place # | Location | Suburb or town | Co-ordinates | Built | Stateregistered | Notes | Photo |
| Mine Manager's House | 5507 | Situated 2 km South-East of Wiluna | Wiluna | 26°37′12″S 120°14′10″E﻿ / ﻿26.62000°S 120.23611°E﻿ / -26.62000; 120.23611﻿ (Mine Manager's House) | 1929 | 27 December 2002 | Also referred to as "The Lodge" Part of the Wiluna Gold Mine An inter-war bungalow, making use of many of the aesthetic devices of the Federation Bungalow style | |
| Wiluna District Hospital Group (former) | 3635 | Scotia Street | Wiluna | 26°35′50″S 120°13′42″E﻿ / ﻿26.59722°S 120.22833°E﻿ / -26.59722; 120.22833﻿ (Wiluna District Hospital Group) | 1900 | 8 January 2010 | Also referred to as Lake Way Hospital, Wiluna Shire Offices and Tjukurba Art Gallery The complex consists of the Morgue, the Main Hospital Buildings, Hospital Quarters and the Tjukurba Art Gallery (former the Maternity Ward) Closely associated with the reestablishment of large scale mining at Wiluna in the 1930s | |
# Basic Element

Basic element is a term in algebra.
Basic Element may refer to:
* Basic Element (company)
* Basic Element (music group)
# List of United States Air Force civil engineering squadrons

The United States Air Force maintains a number of civil engineering units in the form of United States Air Force civil engineering squadrons. In wartime, they provide for the rapid repair of damage to airfields and other critical facilities. In peacetime, they maintain and construct bases for the air force to operate out of.
Some of these units are organized as Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers (RED HORSE) and others as Prime Base Engineer Emergency Force (PRIME BEEF) units.

## List

Prime BEEF Squadrons :
| Squadron | Shield | Location | Note |
| 577th Expeditionary Prime BEEF Squadron | | | |
| 777th Expeditionary Prime BEEF Squadron | | | |
| 877th Expeditionary Prime BEEF Squadron | | | |
| RED HORSE Units ||||
| Squadron | Shield | Location | Note |
| 1st Expeditionary RED HORSE Group | | Al Udeid AB, Qatar | |
| 200th RED HORSE Squadron | | Camp Perry, OH | |
| 201st RED HORSE Squadron | | Fort Indiantown Gap, PA | |
| 202d RED HORSE Squadron | | Camp Blanding, FL | |
| 203d RED HORSE Squadron | | Camp Pendleton, VA | |
| 219th RED HORSE Squadron | | Malmstrom AFB, MT | |
| 254th RED HORSE Squadron | | Andersen AFB, GU | |
| 307th RED HORSE Squadron | | Barksdale AFB, LA | |
| 554th RED HORSE Squadron | | Andersen AFB, GU | Reserve |
| 555th RED HORSE Squadron | | Nellis AFB, NV | Reserve |
| 556th RED HORSE Squadron | | Hurlburt Field, FL | Reserve |
| 560th RED HORSE Squadron | | JB Charleston, SC | Reserve |
| 567th RED HORSE Squadron | | Seymour-Johnson AFB, NC | Reserve |
| 583rd RED HORSE Squadron | | Seymour-Johnson AFB, NC | Reserve |
| 819th RED HORSE squadron | | Malmstrom AFB, MT | |
| 820th RED HORSE Squadron | | Nellis AFB, NV | |
| 823d RED HORSE Squadron | | Hurlburt Field, FL | |
# Forbidden Broadway, Vol. 1

Forbidden Broadway, known also as Forbidden Broadway, Volume 1, is the first album released by Gerard Alessandrini, the creator of Forbidden Broadway. Because the album features the five cast members from the original show, the album bears the label "Original Cast Recording."
The album, recorded June 28, 1984 at Time Capsules Studios in New York, spoofs Broadway's latest hits, including Amadeus, Evita, The Pirates of Penzance, and Annie and spoofs stars such as Carol Channing, Angela Lansbury, Ethel Merman, and Jerry Herman.

## Cast

* Gerard Alessandrini
* Fred Barton (piano)
* Bill Carmichael
* Nora Mae Lyng
* Chloe Webb

## Tracks

The musical numbers on the album are listed here. The number's title is given, with the song it spoofs and the original composer listed in parentheses. All the "new" parody lyrics are by Gerard Alessandrini.
01 Forbidden Broadway (original, Alessandrini)
02 Amadeus ("Non più andrai", Mozart)
03 Don't Cry For Me ("Don't Cry For Me, Argentina", Webber-Rice)
04 Annie's Favorite Showtune ("Tomorrow", Straus-Charnin)
05 Pirates Of Penzance Sequence (Gilbert-Sullivan)
    "I Am A Kevin Kline" ("I Am A Pirate King")
    "Oh, there is not one maiden breast" ("Oh, is there not one maiden breast?")
    "Poor Warbling Star" ("Poor wand'ring one")
06 Be A Catholic ("Be Italian", Yeston)
07 Triplets (Schwartz-Dietz)
08 Bankable Stars ("Beautiful Girls", Sondheim)
09 I'm Entertainment ("That's Entertainment", Schwartz-Dietz)
10 Angela Lansbury Sequence
    Mame (Herman)
    If The Show Had Run Past Labor Day ("If He Walked Into My Life", Herman)
11 Audition Sequence
    Soliloquy from Carousel (excerpt, Rodgers-Hammerstein)
    I'm Sick Of Playing Their Songs ("They're Playing Our Song", Hamlisch-Sager)
12 Merman and Martin Sequence
    It's De-Merman ("It's De-Lovely", Porter)
    I'm Larry Hagman's Mother ("My Heart Belongs To Daddy", Porter)
    Mutual Aggravation Society ("Mutual Admiration Society", Dubey-Karr)
13 Carol Channing Sequence
    Call On Carol ("Call On Dolly", Herman)
    "Dolly Is A Girl's Best Friend" ("Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend", Styne-Robin)
    Oh, No, Carol! ("Hello, Dolly!", Herman)
14 Ambition ("Tradition", Bock-Harnick)
    "Climb Ev'ry Mountain" (excerpt, Rodgers-Hammerstein)
15 Forbidden Broadway (reprise, Alessandrini)
# Force-field analysis

In social science, force-field analysis provides a framework for looking at the factors ("forces") that influence a situation, originally social situations. It looks at forces that are either driving the movement toward a goal (helping forces) or blocking movement toward a goal (hindering forces). The principle, developed by Kurt Lewin, is a significant contribution to the fields of social science, psychology, social psychology, community psychology, communication, organizational development, process management, and change management.

## History

Lewin, a social psychologist, believed the "field" to be a Gestalt psychological environment existing in an individual's (or in the collective group) mind at a certain point in time that can be mathematically described in a topological constellation of constructs. The "field" is very dynamic, changing with time and experience. When fully constructed, an individual's "field" (Lewin used the term "life space") describes that person's motives, values, needs, moods, goals, anxieties, and ideals.
Lewin believed that changes of an individual's "life space" depend upon that individual's internalization of external stimuli (from the physical and social world) into the "life space". Although Lewin did not use the word "experiential" (see experiential learning), he nonetheless believed that interaction (experience) of the "life space" with "external stimuli" (at what he calls the "boundary zone") was important for development (or regression). For Lewin, the development (or regression) of an individual occurs when their "life space" has a "boundary zone" experience with external stimuli. Note it is not merely the experience that causes a change in the "life space", but the acceptance (internalization) of external stimuli.
Lewin took these same principles and applied them to the analysis of group conflict, learning, adolescence, hatred, morale, German society, etc. This approach allowed him to break down common misconceptions of these social phenomena and to determine their basic elemental constructs. He used theory, mathematics, and common sense to define a force field and hence to determine the causes of human and group behaviour.
# Fred Stewart (actor)

Fred Stewart (December 7, 1906 – December 5, 1970) was an American actor and director who appeared on stage, film, and television.

## Biography

Stewart was born in Atlanta, Georgia and attended Oglethorpe University. As a young man, he operated the Playmakers Theatre in Atlanta from 1924 to 1927, and then made his stage debut with a company playing Huntington, West Virginia. He made his Broadway debut in 1931 in Ladies of Creation at the Cort Theatre, the start of a lengthy Broadway career including plays such as Brigadoon (1950 production) The Crucible (1953, original cast) and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955, original cast), and through More Stately Mansions (1967–68), a play by Eugene O'Neill.
Stewart also debuted in movies in 1931, with film appearances including in Splendor in the Grass (1961) and In the Heat of the Night (1967). He also debuted on television in 1939. He was played a role on the soap opera Love of Life at the time of his death. Stewart was a founding member of the Actors Studio, where he died in New York, on December 5, 1970.
# Ellington Township, Michigan

Ellington Township is a civil township of Tuscola County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,325 at the 2020 census.

## History

Ellington Township was established in 1855.

## Communities

* Ellington is an unincorporated community in the township at Dutcher Rd and M-81/E Caro Road. A post office operated from May 31, 1862, until May 31, 1905.
* Elmwood is an unincorporated community on the boundary with Elmwood Township at Elmwood Road and M-81/E Caro Road.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.7 square miles (92 km$^2$), of which 35.7 square miles (92 km$^2$) is land and 0.03% is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,304 people, 480 households, and 372 families residing in the township. The population density was 36.5 inhabitants per square mile (14.1/km$^2$). There were 527 housing units at an average density of 14.8 per square mile (5.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.62% White, 0.08% African American, 0.54% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.69% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.84% of the population.
There were 480 households, out of which 37.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.6% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.3% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.03.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $43,750, and the median income for a family was $51,979. Males had a median income of $33,672 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,677. About 4.7% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.
# GamePC Consortium

The GamePC Consortium was an ad hoc PC industry standards organisation in the mid-1990s. It was founded through the joint efforts of ATI's Ken Nicholson and Diamond Multimedia's Glenn Coffman. The two competing companies shared a common interest in the evolution of PC games and agreed that the PC graphics industry was limited by a lack of standards. At that time, the vast majority of games for PCs were written for MS-DOS and had no standardized way to access expanded memory, accelerated graphics or digital audio capabilities.
Based on the notion of "a rising tide lifts all boats", the two companies established the GamePC Consortium as a way for PC hardware manufacturers and PC game software publishers to combine their efforts to establish game API standards that would enable PCs to compete with successful console game systems such as the Sega Genesis.
The GamePC Consortium's member companies included 80 of the leading entertainment hardware and software PC companies of the time, including Intel, nVidia, Rendition, Sigma Designs, ATI, Diamond Multimedia, S3 Graphics, Trident, Cirrus Logic, Rendermorphics and Lucas Arts. Microsoft, most notably, refused to recognize the GamePC Consortium, though Alex St. John, Microsoft's first game evangelist, spoke at several of the meetings.
One of the consortium's early efforts resulted in establishing a 2D graphics 'manifesto' that called for the creation of a Windows graphics API that offered the following new capabilities:
* The ability for games to change the display mode of any supported display resolution or color-depth without requiring a system reboot.
* The ability for games to read and write graphics memory, including the framebuffer. This allowed the CPU to draw directly onto the screen, hence the origin of the name "DirectDraw." Direct access to screen memory was not possible under the Windows GDI architecture.
* The ability for games to allocate offscreen memory and to store graphics data in offscreen memory.
* The ability for games to make use of the blitter
* The ability for games to utilize page flipping
* Support for transparent blts as a technique for implementing 2D Sprite (computer graphics)
The consortium expressed its intent to create such an industry standard API for Windows if Microsoft did not. Microsoft embraced all of the proposed features of the manifesto and added considerably more with the first release of DirectDraw in DirectX 1.0.
The GamePC Consortium was significant in being one of the early examples of an industry consortium influencing the development of a standard API in the otherwise proprietary Windows operating system. It was also significant in prompting the game industry's rapid adoption of the nascent DirectX standard.
The GamePC Consortium disbanded when it became clear that Microsoft had begun to undertake the architectural, technical and marketing responsibilities necessary to further Windows game standards. In 2008, a similar organization called the PC Gaming Alliance was formed.
# Barstow

Barstow may refer to:

## People

* Barstow (surname)

## Places
### In the United States

* Barstow, California
* Barstow, Illinois
* Barstow, Maryland
* Barstow, Texas

### Elsewhere

* Bartstow, Alberta, a locality in Canada

## Other uses

* The Barstow School, a private school in Kansas City, Missouri
* "Barstow", a musical work by Harry Partch
# Energy (journal)

Energy is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on energy engineering that was established in 1976. It is published by Elsevier (formerly Pergamon Press) and the editor-in-chief is Henrik Lund (Aalborg University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 9.0.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* CAB Abstracts
* Compendex
* EBSCO databases
* Inspec
* Science Citation Index Expanded
* Scopus
# Elong Elong

Elong Elong may refer to:
* Jacques Aurelien Elong Elong (born 1985), Cameroonian football player
* Elong Elong, New South Wales, locality in New South Wales, Australia