OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of ambassadors of Croatia to the United States

The Ambassador of Croatia in Washington, D. C. is the extraordinary and plenipotentiary representative of the Government of the Republic of Croatia in Zagreb to the Government of the United States. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1992 and the first Croatian ambassador to the United States was Petar A. Šarčević.

## List of diplomatic representatives of Croatia to the United States (1992-)

| | Diplomatic agrément | Diplomatic accreditation | Ambassador | President of Croatia | Prime Minister of Croatia | U.S. President | Notes |
| | August 1, 1992 | | | Franjo Tuđman | Franjo Gregurić | George H. W. Bush | Diplomatic relations established |
| 1 | October 7, 1992 | November 19, 1992 | Petar A. Šarčević | Franjo Tuđman | Franjo Gregurić | George H. W. Bush | Born on 26 April 1941 in Subotica. Completed law studies at University of Zagreb in 1965 and commenced postgraduate studies European Integration at the University of Amsterdam. He acquired his Dr. iur. at the Faculty of Law and Economics of the University of Mainz. He is married to Professor Susan Šarčević, a former partner in his professional career. |
| 2 | February 1, 1996 | February 6, 1996 | Miomir Žužul | Franjo Tuđman | Zlatko Mateša | Bill Clinton | Named as ambassador to the United States after a disagreement with Foreign Minister Mate Granić. Žužul declared that he would seek reconciliation with Croatia's former enemies and also invited NATO to establish bases in Croatia as a prelude to the country's membership in the alliance. |
| 3 | December 7, 2000 | February 14, 2001 | Ivan Grdešić | Stjepan Mesić | Ivica Račan | Bill Clinton | |
| 4 | July 20, 2004 | September 15, 2004 | Neven Jurica | Stjepan Mesić | Ivo Sanader | George W. Bush | |
| 5 | April 7, 2008 | April 9, 2008 | Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović | Stjepan Mesić | Ivo Sanader | George W. Bush | |
| 6 | April 20, 2012 | May 2, 2012 | Josip Paro | Ivo Josipović | Zoran Milanović | Barack Obama | |
| 7 | September 1, 2017 | September 8, 2017 | Pjer Šimunović | Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović | Andrej Plenković | Donald Trump | |
Source of list: 38°54′49″N 77°3′7.6″W﻿ / ﻿38.91361°N 77.052111°W﻿ / 38.91361; -77.052111
# Fred Pickering (priest)

Fred Pickering (18 November 1919 - 22 January 2010) was Archdeacon of Hampstead from 1974 to 1984.
Pickering was educated at Preston Grammar School, St Peter's College Oxford and St Aidan's College Birkenhead. He began his career with curacies in Leyland and Islington. He was Organising Secretary. for The Church Pastoral Aid Society from 1948 to 1951. He held incumbencies at All Saints, Burton-on-Trent, St John, Carlisle and St Cuthbert, Wood Green. He was also Rural Dean of East Haringey from 1968 to 1973; and Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Edmonton from 1973 to 1984.
# Gérard Duménil

Gérard Duménil (born 12 October 1942) is a French political economist. He is a former Research Director at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), in France.

## Publications

* Gerard Duménil (1980). De la valeur aux prix de production (in French). Paris.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Gerard Duménil (Winter 1983). "Beyond the Transformation Riddle: A Labor Theory of Value". Science & Society. 47 (4): 427–450. JSTOR 40402521.
# Fred E. and Elaine Cox Clever House

The Fred E. and Elaine Cox Clever House at 417 Sherry Way, Cherry Hill, New Jersey, was designed by architect Louis Kahn. The Clevers commissioned Kahn to design it in 1957 after seeing his influential Trenton Bath House; it was completed in 1962. It is one of only nine built houses designed by Kahn, who is best known for designing institutional buildings.$^{:422–429}$ In early 2015, the Clever house, having fallen into serious disrepair was listed for sale.

## Structure

In the center of the house is a spacious living room, around which are grouped five smaller rooms, each with its own pyramidal roof. The living room itself is capped by a complex roof composed of four large angular structures that look something like four oversize gables that meet in the center. The two flat surfaces that form the sides of each gable-like structure extend far downwards diagonally to meet the corresponding surfaces from the two adjacent structures. The four meeting points of all of these structures rest on four L-shaped concrete block formations positioned at the edges of the living room. They are about the height of standard rooms and have the appearance of small rooms protruding into the high-ceilinged living room. Their reverse sides provide closet-like spaces for other parts of the house.
The roof structure, which is about 18 feet (5.5 m) high at its highest point and whose underside is finished with narrow wooden strips, forms the ceiling of the living room. Large triangular windows with protruding hoods in each of the four gables provide natural light for the living room while minimizing direct sunlight. The triangular windows are fixed in place, but beside them are wooden panels that can be opened for ventilation.
The house was designed during a period in which Kahn was interested in structures based on triangular geometries, largely inspired by Anne Tyng, a co-worker and the mother of one of his children.$^{:61}$
# Stars Forever

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 3.8/10 |
Stars Forever is the thirteenth studio album by Scottish musician Momus, released by Le Grand Magistery in 1999. The album represents part of Momus's "analog-baroque" phase.
Momus wrote thirty songs for Stars Forever, each about a person or group who commissioned a song for the price of $1,000. The funds raised went towards costs incurred from a lawsuit against Momus by Wendy Carlos. Patrons included fellow musicians The Minus 5, Keigo Oyamada, artist Jeff Koons, retail store Other Music, and record label Minty Fresh.
The album also features eight winners of a karaoke parody contest in which participants were invited to submit recordings of themselves singing over instrumentals included on Momus' previous album, The Little Red Songbook (1998).

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Momus
# Exochomus

Exochomus is a genus of beetle of the family Coccinellidae.

## Species

* Exochomus aethiops (Bland, 1864)
* Exochomus bellus (Wollaston, 1864)
* Exochomus californicus (Casey, 1899)
* Exochomus childreni (Mulsant, 1850)
* Exochomus fasciatus (Casey, 1899)
* Exochomus insatiabilis Rodríguez-Vélez, 2018
* Exochomus marginipennis (LeConte, 1824)
* Exochomus metallicus (Korschefsky, 1935)
* Exochomus nigripennis (Erichson, 1843)
* Exochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze, 1777) syn. E. flavipes
* Exochomus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Also called Brumus quadripustulatus.
* Exochomus subrotundus (Casey, 1899)
* Exochomus townsendi (Casey, 1908)
# MS Piret

MS Piret is a ferry owned by the Estonia-based ferry operator TS Laevad. The ferry was built by the Remontowa Shipyard in Poland.
Piret was built in 2017 in Gdańsk, Remontowa shipyard. The ship route is Virtsu–Kuivastu.
# List of ambassadors of Costa Rica to Peru

The ambassador of Costa Rica to Peru is the official representative of the government of Costa Rica to the government of Peru.
Both countries established relations during the Filibuster War and have maintained them since.

## List of representatives

| Representative | Term begin | Term end | President | Notes |
| Gregorio G. Escalante y Nava | 1852 | | Juan Rafael Mora Porras | First representative of Costa Rica to Peru |
| Julio Alberto Ortiz López | 28 December 1970 | | José Figueres Ferrer | |
| Delsa Rangel | | | Miguel Ángel Rodríguez | |
| Melvin Sáenz Biolley [es] | 3 July 2013 | 2019 | Laura Chinchilla Miranda | |
| Charles Salvador Hernández Viale | | | Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera | Chargé d'affaires |
| Renato Víquez Jiménez | 2019 | 2022 | Carlos Alvarado Quesada | |
| Eduardo Cubero Barrantes | 2022 | 2024 | Carlos Alvarado Quesada | Chargé d'affaires |
| Flora Leah Venegas Corrales | 30 January 2024 | Incumbent | Rodrigo Chaves Robles | Ambassador. |
# Gérard Ernest Schneider

Gérard Ernest Schneider (1896–1986) was a Swiss painter.
A major pioneer of lyrical abstraction, a gestural and personal form of abstraction, along with Hans Hartung and Pierre Soulages, Gérard Schneider was shown in Paris at the Galerie Louis Carré as early as 1950.
From 1955 to 1960, Schneider's work was exhibited at the Kootz Gallery in New York where an exclusivity contract connected the artist and the American dealer Samuel Kootz.
From gesture, “the shape is born, whether lyrical or dramatic, with its colour and technical means, without any reference to external nature” according to Schneider.
Eugène Ionesco spoke of “the original, eruptive, richness” of his work.
From nervous gesture and volcanic composition, full of tension, of the 1950s followed “the light years” from Michel Ragon's expression, which were marked by the balance of forms reflecting each other and the explosion of colour. "Painting should be looked in the same way as music is listened to", as Schneider enjoyed saying.
Musical, his work is to be understood like “an orchestra” which expresses “passion, fury, romanticism“ according to Michel Ragon.

## Collections

The works of Schneider are in museums including the Centre Pompidou in Paris, MoMa in New York, the Phillips Collection in Washington, the Museum of Fine Arts of Montréal and the Modern Art Museum of Rio de Janeiro, as well as private collections and foundations such as the Fondation Gandur pour l’Art in Geneva.

## Catalogue raisonné

The Galerie Diane de Polignac in Paris is preparing the Catalogue raisonné of the works on canvas by Gérard Schneider edited by Laurence Schneider, the artist's daughter, and Patrick Gilles Persin, an art historian.

## Major exhibitions

* L'Envolée lyrique, Paris 1945-1956, Musée du Luxembourg, Paris, 26/04/2006-6/08/2006
* Gérard Schneider, grands gestes pour un grand monde, Musée d’Art & d’Histoire, Neuchâtel, 15/05/2011-16/10/2011
* Les Sujets de l’abstraction, Peinture non-figurative de la Seconde École de Paris (1946-1962), Fondation Gandur pour l’Art, Musée Rath, Genève, 06/05/2011-14/08/2011
* Gérard Schneider. Rétrospective, Musée des Beaux-Arts d’Orléans, 24/02/13-2/06/13

## Links

* Official website
# Fred E. Young

Fred E. Young (April 6, 1919 – June 6, 2005) was an American biblical scholar who served as professor of Old Testament studies and dean at Central Baptist Theological Seminary in Kansas City. He is noted as the author of the Kansas Qumran Bibliographic Project, a collection of everything written on or about the Dead Sea Scrolls.

## Early life and education

Young was born in Watsontown, Pennsylvania, but lived more than fifty years in the Kansas City area. After graduating from Practical Bible Training School (1939) and William Jewell College (1947), he earned his Ph.D. from Dropsie College in Hebrew studies and ancient languages.

## Career

Young served on the translation team for the original New American Standard Bible, and as interim pastor in at least 15 congregations in Kansas. He retired in 1988 after 33 years as professor and dean at Central Baptist Theological Seminary. Young is probably most well known for his efforts during his retirement years to catalog every book, article, or news story ever written about the Dead Sea Scrolls. He was also noted as a prolific traveler, having visiting more than 200 countries during his lifetime.
# Hanu Ancuței

Hanu Ancuţei may refer to:
* Hanu Ancuţei (novel) ("Ancuţa's Inn"), a 1928 novel by Romanian author Mihail Sadoveanu
* Hanul Ancuţei, a village in Tupilați Commune, Neamţ County, Romania, and site of the inn
# Angelica Fraser

Angelica Patience Fraser (25 January 1823 – 27 November 1910) was a Scottish social reformer. She was active in arranging Bible-based education for tailors and "Tailors' Hall" was opened in London. In Edinburgh, she founded a temperance society for tailors and another for working women.

## Life

Fraser was born in Aberdeen in 1823. Her mother, Agnes, died when she was eleven and she took a strong interest in religion. Her father, Alexander, was the Lord Provost of Aberdeen (1815–1817).
Fraser became interested in the education and well-being of tailors. In 1856, she first entered a tailor's workshop to educate them. She arranged for volunteers to read from the Bible as the tailors worked. The idea caught on and similar groups of lady readers were established in Belfast, London, and Liverpool to read to tailors as they worked.
Fraser thought that the tailors would improve their own working conditions if they were better informed and educated, and in 1875 she formed the Edinburgh Tailors' Abstinence Union.
In 1876, she formed the Scottish Ladies' Temperance Society. The society intended to open public houses where alcohol would not be served. They identified laundresses, cooks and similar jobs which made women prone to the temptation of drink. The society planned to make them total abstainers.
Fraser moved to London in 1879 and the following year organised a conference on matters important to tailors. By 1885 money had been raised to open an institute with a lecture hall and a reading room. It was known as "Tailors' Hall". She became known as the tailors' "Florence Nightingale" or the "Tailors' Friend". In 1906, on the 50th anniversary of her first work with tailors she established an endowment fund to raise £5000 to ensure the continued work at Tailors' Hall.
Fraser remained a regular visitor to Tailors' Hall until she died at her home in London in November 1910.
# Boston Rowing Marathon

The Boston Rowing Marathon is a rowing head race taking place on the third Sunday of September annually in Lincolnshire, England, over the exceptionally long distance of 49.2 km (30.6 miles). The course is along the River Witham from Lincoln to Boston.

## Overview

The event started as a one off in 1946, a pub bet, and was big news for the town. A single coxed four of seniors rowed from central Boston to the Brayford Pool in central Lincoln (against the river flow) and took around six hours. A distance, measured at the time, of 34 miles.
On 26 October 1947, a teenaged coxed four from the Boston Rowing Club, took on the challenge of beating the 1946 time. Aubrey Fox, Deg Borman, Bill Gale and Bill Lockwood (AKA Dennis) completed the course in 4 hrs 11 mins and were each awarded an inscribed tankard by the mayor of Boston, TM Moffatt. In 1948 a solo rower covered the course (time unknown).
In 1949, Crowland Rowing Club became involved and the course was reversed to finish at Boston. It was easier to row with the flow and preferable to finish at the boathouse with the pub next door. In 1950 the event was opened to all competitors and has remained so to this day. The event is now organised by Boston Rowing Club.
The long distance of the event makes it unique in British rowing and thus attracts a lot of entries; some competing for a time, others only wanting to complete the distance. The event is also unusual in accepting entries from all crews and categories.
The current record for the 30.6 mile course is 2 h 59 min 45 s, set in 1991 by a University of London Boat Club men's eight. The race was cancelled in 2000, due to that year's fuel crisis, in 2011 due to an unusually prolific growth of water weed, and again in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021 the event was again cancelled due to Covid-19, but a solo club rower completed the course on the scheduled day.

## Course

The start is a set of landing stages at Lincoln Rowing Centre, Stamp End Lock, Waterside South, Lincoln. The centre was founded in 2006 in response to marathon being the only rowing hosted in Lincoln. The race follows the straightened Witham downstream to the finish line at Boston Rowing Club boathouse, 660 m north of the first bridges in Boston (overlapping road and rail bridges). One lock is present in the course.
# Natural history group

The term natural history group refers to subjects in a drug trial that receive no treatment of any kind and whose illness is, as a consequence, left to run its "natural" course. The term stems from the natural history of an illness, which is the course and outcome of that illness in the absence of treatment.

## First usage

In 1863, Austin Flint (1812–1886) in his report of the first-ever trial that directly compared the efficacy of a placebo treatment with that of an active treatment, spoke of "the natural history of [an untreated] disease".

## Third arm

The natural history group is often referred to as the third arm of a controlled drug trial, from the simple notion that a trial constructed in this way has three, rather than two arms (the "active" and "placebo" groups).
The observed outcomes within this group are then compared with the outcomes manifested by a group that has been given the active drug, and with that manifested by a second group who have been given a dummy, placebo drug (thus, the natural history group is the trial's "third arm").
   Most of our knowledge of the placebo effect comes from the laboratory setting where the experiments are designed to shed light on its neurobiological aspects. Studying the placebo effect in the laboratory setting gives us the opportunity to control psychological and physiological variables, and to rule out possible confounding factors for the placebo effect.
   For example, in the laboratory setting it is possible to conduct trials using three randomly selected, equally matched groups:  (1) the natural history (NH) group or untreated group, which receives no treatment of any kind;  (2) the placebo group, which receives an inert treatment that simulates the active one;  (3) the active treatment, which receives the real treatment.
   The comparison between the placebo and the natural history group allows us to detect and measure the placebo effect.
# Greg F. Gifune

Greg F. Gifune (born November 12, 1963, in Middlesex County, Massachusetts) is a horror author, the recipient of multiple Bram Stoker Award and International Horror Guild Award nominations in addition to one for the British Fantasy Award.
Christopher Rice calls Gifune, "The best writer of horror novels and supernatural thrillers at work today."
Gifune has written 17 novels, in addition to screenplays and published collections of short stories.
He is also the editor-in-chief of Thievin' Kitty Publications (Link) and the former editor—from 1998 to 2004—of the fiction magazine The Edge: Tales of Suspense (Link).
A full-time author and editor, Gifune resides in Marion, Massachusetts, with his wife Carol and a bevy of felines. As of 2011 he was living in Wareham, Massachusetts.
# Guðrúnarhvöt

Guðrúnarhvöt is one of the heroic poems of the Poetic Edda. Gudrun had been married to the hero Sigurd and with him she had the daughter Svanhild. Svanhild had married the Gothic king Ermanaric (Jörmunrekkr), but betrayed him with the king's son, Randver. Furious Ermanaric hanged his own son and had Svanhild trampled to death by horses.
Gudrun wants to avenge her daughter and she agitates her sons Hamdir and Sörli, her sons with King Jonakr by telling them about her fate. They depart for their fateful vengeance, a story that is told in the Hamðismál, the last poem of the Poetic Edda.

## Sources and historic basis

The legend of Jörmunrek appears in the Poetic Edda as Hamðismál and Guðrúnarhvöt. It also appears in Bragi Boddason's Ragnarsdrápa, in the Völsunga saga and in Gesta Danorum.
Jordanes wrote in 551 that the Gothic king Ermanaric was upset with the attack of a subordinate king and had his wife Sunilda (i.e. Svanhild) torn to pieces by horses, and as revenge Ermanaric was pierced with spears by her brothers Ammius (Hamdir) and Sarus (Sörli) and died from the wounds. The Annals of Quedlinburg (end of the 10th century) relates that the brothers Hemidus (Hamdir), Serila (Sörli) and Adaccar (Erp/Odoacer) had cut off the hands of Ermanarik.
# Solomon ben Samson

Solomon ben Samson was a scholar of Worms in the eleventh century.
He was a teacher and relative of Rashi, who refers to him as an authority beside his other teacher, Isaac ha-Levi. Most probably he is identical with the Solomon ben Samson mentioned as a native of Vitry, this name being apparently an error for Lorraine, among whose scholars he is cited.
# Gérard Dédéyan

Gérard Dédéyan (4 February 1942, Nantes) is a French professor of medieval history at the Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, a member of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences and associate member of the Collège de France. He studied Classical Armenian with Frédéric-Armand Feydit [fr].
In 1983, Dédéyan won the Prix Biguet of the Académie Française for his "Histoire des Arméniens.
Professor Charles Dédéyan was his father.
# Flat top

A flattop is a type of very short hairstyle.
Flat top, Flattop, or Flat Top may also refer to:

## Places

* Flat Top (Ross Dependency), the tallest peak in the Commonwealth Range in Antarctica, rising to 4,000 metres (13,123 ft)
* Flat Top (Coats Land), table mountain in Coats Land, Antarctica
* Flat Top (Georgia), a mountain in Rabun County, Georgia, U.S.
* Flat Top, Jefferson County, Alabama
* Flat Top, Virginia
* Flat Top, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States
* Flat Top Island, Tasmania
* Flat Top Island, Queensland
* Flat Top Manor, manor near Blowing Rock, North Carolina
* Flattop Island, in the San Juan Islands of the U.S. state of Washington.
* Flattop Island (Nunavut), Canada
* Flattop Mountain, name shared by many mountains and buttes in the United States

## Other uses

* Flat Top (film), a 1952 film starring Sterling Hayden as an aircraft carrier commander
* Flat Top (song), a song by the Goo Goo Dolls
* Flat-Top (comics), a fictional character published by Harvey Comics
* Flat top guitar, a type of guitar body model
* Flattop (Dick Tracy villain), full name Flattop Jones
* Flattop (Transformers), a member of the Micromasters
* Flattop, another name for an aircraft carrier
* Flattop grill, a cooking appliance
* A name for a jointer woodworking tool
* Flattop (critical assembly), an experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory
* A term used for table mountains or mesas
* A term used to describe vintage cars rooftop lines (e.g. Cadillac de Ville series)