OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Doune of Invernochty

The Doune of Invernochty is a 12th-century castle in the Cairngorms National Park in Scotland, of which only earthworks survive. The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS) note that it is "one of the finest examples of Norman earthwork castles in Scotland, and appears to be the sole Scottish example of a motte with Norman stonework on its summit." It is located at grid reference NJ352129, near Strathdon, Aberdeenshire (which used to be called Invernochty), near the confluence of the River Don and the Water of Nochty. Doune of Invernochty is a scheduled monument. The name derives from the Gaelic Dùn Inbhir Nochdaidh which means "fort at the confluence of the Nochty."
The Doune of Invernochty was built in the later 12th or early 13th century, and is likely to have been the work of the Mormaer (Earl) of Mar. It was built at a time following the Davidian Revolution of King David I, which saw the introduction of Norman feudalism into Scotland. The remaining structure is a moated motte; an extensively modified natural mound, rising 12 metres (39 ft) from the bottom of the ditch to the platform, which is around 80 by 40 metres (260 by 130 ft) across. This is surrounded by a system of banks, ditches, dams and sluices which held water until drained in 1823. The remains of buildings on the platform include a 2-metre (6 ft 7 in) thick curtain wall, and the foundations of a church. The latter was in use as the parish church as late as the 17th century. In the Second World War an observation post was built on the Doune.
# Duau Rural LLG

Duau Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. The Duau language is spoken in the LLG.

## Wards

* 01. Kelologea
* 02. Sawatupwa
* 03. Mwatebu
* 04. Sawataetae
* 05. Lomitawa
* 06. Sipupu
* 07. Weyoko
* 08. Meudana
* 09. Kwanaura
* 10. Loboda
* 11. Siausi
* 12. Dawada
* 13. Sigasiga
* 14. Sapisapia
* 15. Bihawa
* 16. Somwadina
* 17. Mwalukwasia
* 18. Kasikasi
* 19. Kumwalau
* 20. Kalotau
* 21. Barabara
* 22. Bunama
* 23. Gumali
* 24. Isumayaumayau
* 25. Pwanapwana
* 26. Sibonai
* 27. Bwasiyaiyai
* 28. Kurada
# Disterna forrestensis

Disterna forrestensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Keith Collingwood McKeown in 1948. It is known from Australia.
# Emarginula fragilis

Emarginula fragilis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.
# Ernest S. Marsh

Ernest S. Marsh (January 10, 1903 – October 9, 1975) was president of the Santa Fe Railway system from 1957 through 1966. He was instrumental in forming the railway's holding company, Santa Fe Industries, and served on the board of directors for the Regional Transportation Authority in Illinois.

## Family and education

Ernest Marsh was born in Lynchburg, Virginia, on January 10, 1903. In 1912, his father died, which led him to the workforce to help support his family. His formal education did not last through high school, with him taking employment rather than graduating.

## Career

Marsh first joined the Santa Fe as a file clerk in 1918 based in Clovis, New Mexico. In a 1973 interview, he revealed that he had lied about his birthdate on his application because the minimum work age at the time was 16; his birthdate in the employee records was not corrected for another 21 years. He served in several clerk positions on the railway until becoming chief clerk at the railway's president's office in Chicago in 1942. He was then promoted in 1944 to be an assistant to the president in 1944 and executive assistant to the president in 1945.
In 1948 Marsh became the Santa Fe's financial vice president. Marsh ascended to the presidency of the Santa Fe on May 1, 1957, succeeding Fred G. Gurley, who had served in that position since 1944. At the same time, John Shedd Reed was named as the president's executive assistant. Marsh was named chief executive officer on May 1, 1958, and chairman of the executive committee on May 1, 1959. Marsh was not averse to spending money to help the railway's success, nor did he spurn new technology, even going so far as to suggest the use of nuclear bombs to help excavate the railway's right-of-way.
On January 1, 1967, Marsh took another promotion, this time to become chairman of the board of directors for the railway. John Shedd Reed then succeeded Marsh as president.
Marsh finally retired from the Santa Fe on January 31, 1973, but remained as a member of the board of directors until his death. Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley appointed Marsh to a two-year term on the board of directors for the Regional Transportation Authority in June 1974.
Ernest Marsh died at home following a heart attack on October 9, 1975.

## Legacy

* Engine No. 4 of the Disneyland Railroad is named Ernest S. Marsh. It began service there on July 25, 1959. It was originally built in 1925 and restored to operating condition for use on the Disneyland Railroad.
* METX 100, an EMD F40PH locomotive owned and operated by Metra is also named the Ernest Marsh. It entered service with Metra in 1977 and was the first F40PH to be delivered into their fleet. It has served Metra's routes out of Chicago Union Station. It currently serves the Rock Island District that leads to LaSalle Street Station. Marsh was on the board of directors with the Regional Transportation Authority which oversees the operations of Metra.
* Disneyland Railroad locomotive #4, Ernest S. Marsh in 2016
* METX 100 leads a commuter train past another train out of Chicago Union Station in 2010
# Excursion (album)

Excusion is an album by bassist Ray Drummond which was recorded in 1992 and released on the Arabesque label the following year.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow called it an "excellent set" and said "This is one of Ray Drummond's finest recordings to date".

## Track listing

All compositions by Ray Drummond except where noted
* "Susanita" – 8:51
* "Penta-Major" – 4:17
* "Prelude" – 1:41
* "Quads" – 9:01
* "Invitation" (Bronisław Kaper, Paul Francis Webster) – 8:35
* "Well, You Needn't"" (Thelonious Monk) – 6:19
* "Andei" (Hermeto Pascoal) – 5:21
* "Blues African" – 8:06
* "Excursion (Suite in 5 Parts): Prologue/Waterfall/Mother Africa/Danse de Joie/Epilogue" – 12:06

## Personnel

* Ray Drummond – double bass
* Craig Handy, Joe Lovano – saxophone, flute
* Danilo Perez – piano
* Marvin "Smitty" Smith, Mor Thiam – drums, percussion
# Early Hits of 1965

Early Hits of 1965, subtitled A Million Dollars Worth of Music!!! Played by the Greatest Organist Ever, is an album by Billy Preston performing soul arrangements of hit singles from that year recorded in the same sessions of The Most Exciting Organ Ever and originally released by the Vee-Jay label and re-released by Exodus Records the following year.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

* "Stop! In the Name of Love" (Holland–Dozier–Holland) – 2:26
* "The Birds and the Bees" (Barry Stuart) – 1:59
* "Goldfinger" (John Barry, Leslie Bricusse, Anthony Newley) – 2:20
* "King of the Road" (Roger Miller) – 2:12
* "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" (Phil Spector, Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil) – 2:20
* "My Girl" (Smokey Robinson, Ronald White)
* "Eight Days a Week" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 2:10
* "Ferry Cross the Mersey" (Gerry Marsden) – 2:52
* "Downtown" (Tony Hatch) – 2:40
* "Can't You Hear My Heartbeat?" (John Carter, Ken Lewis) – 2:02
* "Go Now" (Larry Banks, Milton Bernett) – 2:45
* "Shotgun" (Autry DeWalt) – 2:30
# Early ITU model

The ITU vegetation model is a radio propagation model that estimates the path loss encountered due to the presence of one or more trees inside a point to point telecommunication link. The predictions found from this model is congruent to those found from Weissberger's modified exponential decay model in low frequencies.

## History

The CCIR, predecessor of ITU, adopted this model in the late 1986.

## Applicable to/under conditions

* This model is applicable on the situations where the telecommunication link has some obstructions made by trees along its way
* This model is suitable for point-to-point microwave links that has a vegetation in their path.
* Typical application of this model is to predict the path loss for microwave links.

## Coverage

Frequency: Not specified
Depth of Foliage: Not specified

## Mathematical formulation

The model is formulated as:
$L=0.2\,f^{0.3}\,d^{0.6}$
Where
    L = The path loss. Unit: decibel (dB)
    f = The frequency of transmission. Unit: megahertz (MHz)
    d = The depth of foliage along the link: Unit: meter (m)

## Points to note

This equation is scaled for frequency specified in megahertz (MHz).
The depth of foliage must be in the units of meters.

## Limitations

The results of this model gets impractical at high frequencies.
# Early Hours

Early Hours is Eleanor McEvoy's fifth studio album. Its style differs from her previous work with its collection of songs incorporating many musical styles including folk, jazz and blues. The album has McEvoy on vocals, guitar and fiddle. The album's co-producer, Brian Connor, accompanies her on piano, Hammond and a variety of keyboards. Also on the album are the drummer/percussionist Liam Bradley, Calum McColl on guitar, the bass guitarist Nicky Scott and Lindley Hamilton on trumpet. Early Hours was the first album to use TiMax (unique audio imaging) technology, mixed in 5.1 surround sound onto multi-channel super audio compact disc Super Audio Compact Disc (SACD).

## Critical reception

According to The Living Tradition, "This is another superbly produced and crafted album from one of Ireland's most accomplished female singer-songwriters - it's a very fine collection crossing over into many musical styles - Celtic, country, folk, jazz and blues - and makes for intensely rewarding listening...... I honestly can't fault this beautifully crafted album."

## Track listings

All tracks are written by Eleanor McEvoy, except where noted

## Singles

* "Make Mine A Small One"
* "I'll Be Willing"
* "Days Roll By"

## Super audio

Early Hours was released in hybrid CD/SACD format, with multi-channel surround mix.

## Vinyl

Early Hours (MOSV101) was released on vinyl in 2004 by Mosco Vinyl

## Awards

Early Hours was voted Best Contemporary Album 2004-2005 by Irish Music Magazine Readers Poll.
# Exacum caeruleum

Exacum caeruleum is a species of plant in the Gentianaceae family. It is an annual endemic to the island of Socotra in Yemen. Its natural habitat is dense shrubland in the Hajhir Mountains from 900 to 1,250 meters elevation. .
# Exacum affine

Exacum affine, known commercially as the Persian violet, is a species of plant in the family Gentianaceae. It is endemic to Socotra, part of Yemen, though its popularity and cultivation around the world have made it an occasional greenhouse weed. Its natural habitat is rocky areas. This is a small herbaceous biennial plant with dark green, ovate leaves. The small purple flowers have a yellow centre with fragrance.

## Cultivation

In the UK, Exacum affine has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. This tender annual or biennial plant is sown in heat in early spring, and planted out when all danger of frost has passed (May or June, depending on the location).
# Augustin Buzura

Augustin Buzura (Romanian pronunciation:; September 22, 1938 – July 10, 2017) was a Romanian novelist and short story writer, also known as a journalist, essayist, and literary critic. A member of the Romanian Academy, he has been the president of the Romanian Cultural Foundation since 1990 and president of the Romanian Cultural Institute between 2003 and 2004.

## Biography

Born in Berința village, Copalnic-Mănăștur commune, Maramureș County, Buzura graduated from the Gheorghe Șincai High School in Baia Mare and attended the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Cluj (1958–1964), specializing in psychiatry. He debuted as a journalist with articles published by the magazine Tribuna during 1960.
Buzura's first published work was the 1963 collection of short stories, Capul Bunei Speranțe ("Cape of Good Hope"). He continued to publish regularly after that date, receiving critical acclaim and being awarded the Romanian Writers' Union prize three times, for the successive works Absenții ("The Absentees"), Fețele tăcerii ("The Faces of Silence"), and Vocile nopții ("The Voices in the Night"). His best known novel is the best-selling Orgolii [ro] (1977), which tells the story of surgeon Ion Cristian, a victim of the corruption of the medical system. The novel was adapted to the screen in 1982, from a scenario written by Buzura himself; the homonymous movie [ro], directed by Manole Marcus, featured Victor Rebengiuc in Cristian's role.
He was elected corresponding member of the Romanian Academy in 1990 and became a full member in 1992. He was awarded the Order of Cultural Merit [ro], 3rd class (1971), the National Order of Merit, Grand Cross rank (2000), and the Brazilian Order of Rio Branco, Commander rank. His daughter, Anamaria, married politician and diplomat George Maior. Buzura died in Bucharest at age 78 and was buried with military honors in the city's Bellu Cemetery.

## Works

* Capul Bunei Speranțe [Cape of Good Hope]. București: Editura Pentru Literaturǎ. 1963. OCLC 659954920.
* De ce zboară vulturii [Why Do Eagles Fly]. București: Editura Tineretului. 1965. OCLC 935387785.
* Absenții [The Unpresents]. Cluj: Dacia. 1970. OCLC 935415417.
* Orgolii [Prides]. Cluj-Napoca: Dacia. 1977. OCLC 935338561.
* Fețele tăcerii [Silence's Faces]. 1974.
* Vocile nopții [Night's Voices]. 1980.
* Bloc-notes [Block-notes]. Cluj-Napoca: Dacia. 1981. OCLC 255081323.
* Refugii [Refuges]. 1984.
* Drumul cenușii [Cinder's Road]. București: Cartea Românească. 1988. OCLC 935562064.
* Recviem pentru nebuni și bestii [Requiem for the Crazy and the Beasts]. București: Univers. 1999. OCLC 895667977.
* Raport asupra singurătății [Report on Solitude]. 2009.
# Augustin Charpentier

Augustin Charpentier (1852 – 4 August 1916) was a French physician.
In 1891 he carried out the first experiment providing evidence of the size-weight illusion. He carried out a various number of procedures comparing what people thought was the heaviness of lifted weights. He realized that lifters thought that larger objects were lighter than smaller objects of the same mass.
# Atlético Clube Paranavaí

Atlético Clube Paranavaí, usually known simply as Paranavaí, is a Brazilian football team from the city of Paranavaí, Paraná state, founded on March 14, 1946.

## History

On March 14, 1946, Atlético Clube Paranavaí was founded. In 1967, the club won its first title, which was the Campeonato Paranaense Second Level.
In 2007, Paranavaí won the state championship, after they beat Paraná in the final. In the same year, the club competed in Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, and was eliminated in the first stage of the competition.

## Players
### Current squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | BRA | Vilson Ferreira |
| 2 | DF | BRA | Dani |
| 3 | DF | BRA | Alex Noronha |
| 4 | DF | BRA | Pomarola |
| 5 | DF | BRA | Robenval |
| 6 | MF | BRA | Dotto |
| 8 | MF | BRA | Carlos |
| 9 | FW | BRA | Marcelo |
| 10 | MF | BRA | Didi |
| 11 | MF | BRA | Pica Pau |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 12 | GK | BRA | Rudi |
| 14 | DF | BRA | Igor |
| 15 | MF | BRA | Duda |
| 16 | DF | BRA | Adriano |
| 17 | MF | BRA | Rilber |
| 18 | FW | BRA | Jhosef |
| — | MF | BRA | Eudis |
| — | FW | BRA | Giovane |

## Honours

* Campeonato Paranaense
** Winners (1): 2007
** Runners-up (1): 2003
* Campeonato Paranaense Série Prata
** Winners (3): 1967, 1983, 1992
** Runners-up (1): 2002
* Campeonato Paranaense Série Bronze
** Winners (1): 2023
* Campeonato Paranaense do Interior
** Winners (2): 2003, 2007
# Linn Glacier

Linn Glacier is in the U.S. state of Oregon. The glacier is situated in the Cascade Range at an elevation between 9,000 and 8,000 feet (2,700 and 2,400 m), on the north slope of North Sister, an extinct shield volcano.
# Linn Enslow

Linn Harrison Enslow (February 26, 1891 – November 3, 1957) was an American sanitary engineer and chemist, most famous for his work with Abel Wolman developing chlorination systems in Baltimore.

## Life

Enslow was born in Richmond, Virginia, to Linn Bliss Enslow and Marie (née Harrison) Enslow, the eldest of six children.
He died of a heart attack on his farm in Dublin, Virginia in 1957; at the time, he resided in Queens, New York, and was working as editor of the magazine Water and Sewage Works. He was buried in New Dublin Presbyterian Church Cemetery in Dublin, Virginia.

## Work

While studying chemistry at Johns Hopkins, he met Abel Wolman; together, the two devised a formula to appropriately chlorinate drinking water, depending on factors such as acidity. Between the time of discovery in 1919 and 1941, eighty-five percent of American water systems were using chlorination.
# Aulax cancellata

Aulax cancellata, the channel-leaf featherbush, is a shrub that is native to the Western Cape and the Eastern Cape and belongs to the genus Aulax. This plant is widespread, it occurs on the Cape Peninsula, Hottentots-Holland Mountains to the Langeberg and Kouga Mountains, Swartberg and Kammanassie Mountains. The shrub grows upright with a single stem and grows up to 2.5 m tall.
The plant dies in a fire but the seeds survive. The plant is bisexual, male and female flowers grow on different plants. The plants bloom from November to February. A variety of insect species help pollinate the plants. Female flowers dry out and form a woody shell in which the seeds are formed and preserved. The plant grows in sandstone soil at altitudes of 0 to 1 200 m. In Afrikaans it is known as Geelveer.
# F26A graph

In the mathematical field of graph theory, the F26A graph is a symmetric bipartite cubic graph with 26 vertices and 39 edges.
It has chromatic number 2, chromatic index 3, diameter 5, radius 5 and girth 6. It is also a 3-vertex-connected and 3-edge-connected graph.
The F26A graph is Hamiltonian and can be described by the LCF notation [−7, 7]$^{13}$.

## Algebraic properties

The automorphism group of the F26A graph is a group of order 78. It acts transitively on the vertices, on the edges, and on the arcs of the graph. Therefore, the F26A graph is a symmetric graph (though not distance transitive). It has automorphisms that take any vertex to any other vertex and any edge to any other edge. According to the Foster census, the F26A graph is the only cubic symmetric graph on 26 vertices. It is also a Cayley graph for the dihedral group D$_{26}$, generated by a, ab, and ab$^4$, where:
    $D_{26}=\langle a,b|a^{2}=b^{13}=1,aba=b^{-1}\rangle .$
The F26A graph is the smallest cubic graph where the automorphism group acts regularly on arcs (that is, on edges considered as having a direction).
The characteristic polynomial of the F26A graph is equal to
    $(x-3)(x+3)(x^{4}-5x^{2}+3)^{6}.\,$

## Other properties

The F26A graph can be embedded as a chiral regular map in the torus, with 13 hexagonal faces. The dual graph for this embedding is isomorphic to the Paley graph of order 13.

## Gallery

* The chromatic number of the F26A graph is 2.
* The chromatic index of the F26A graph is 3.
* Alternative drawing of the F26A graph.
* F26A graph embedded in the torus.
# Exotic probability

Exotic probability is a branch of probability theory that deals with probabilities which are outside the normal range of [0, 1].
According to the author of various papers on exotic probability, Saul Youssef, the valid possible alternatives for probability values are the real numbers, the complex numbers and the quaternions. Youssef also cites the work of Richard Feynman, P. A. M. Dirac, Stanley Gudder and S. K. Srinivasan as relevant to exotic probability theories.
Of the application of such theories to quantum mechanics, Bill Jefferys has said: "Such approaches are also not necessary and in my opinion they confuse more than they illuminate."
# Linum campanulatum

Linum campanulatum is a perennial plant belonging to the Linaceae family.

## Description

Linum campanulatum reaches on average 10–30 centimetres (3.9–11.8 in) in height. The short stem is perennial, woody and glabrous, with long herbaceous annual branches. Leaves are alternate, up to 4 cm long and 1 cm wide. The shape of lower cauline leaves is quite variable. Usually they are obovate-obtuse, but in some cases may be spatulate-lanceolate. The upper cauline leaves are gradually reduced in width to become almost linear.
The inflorescence has 3-5 campanulate actinomorphic flowers, about 3 centimetres (1.2 in) in diameter, with five free sepals and five free petals. Petals are yellow, oblong-oval, 2.5-3.5 cm long. The flowering period extends from May through June. The flowers are hermaphrodite and pollinated by insects (entomophily). Fruit is a capsule with ten compartments, each containing one seed.

## Distribution

This plant is widespread in the western Mediterranean, from Spain to northwestern Italy.

## Habitat

It prefers rocky places containing serpentinites, at an altitude of 300–1,100 metres (980–3,610 ft) above sea level.
# Eccentrik

The Eccentrik Festival was an annual 3-day Goth and industrial music festival held in the Raleigh, North Carolina area and had in some years been spread out between several different venues. The festival started in October 2004. Musical styles typically featured at Eccentrik included deathrock, psychobilly, gothic rock, industrial, post-punk, dark cabaret, steampunk, synthpop and other related genres. The festival was also notable for its party-like atmosphere, the pre-festival meet n' greet, art show, and a dancefloor featuring goth, deathrock, industrial, steampunk and post-punk djs from around the US.
In 2008, the Eccentrik Festival went steampunk by asking some of the most well-known musicians in that genre to perform, as well as having the Davenport sisters of the weekly radio program, The Clockwork Cabaret, act as hosts for the event.

## Band lineups by year
### 2004

    Clockwerk (the band) | Ego Likeness | More Machine Than Man | Oddstar | Razed in Black | RJE | Red All Over | Threshold 6

### 2005

    Bella Morte | The Brides | In Tenebris | The Last Dance | Voltaire

### 2006

    Americlone | Anders Manga | Attrition | Ego Likeness | High Blue Star

### 2007

    Meg Lee Chin | The Last Dance | Cylab | The Gothsicles | The Hellblinki Sextet | Terrorcouple

### 2008

    The Brides | The Ghosts Project | The Hellblinki Sextet | Nicki Jaine | Nathaniel Johnstone | Jill Tracy | Unextraordinary Gentlemen | Vernian Process

### 2009

    The Clockwork Dolls | The Extraordinary Contraptions | Lemming Malloy | The Two Man Gentlemen Band | Unwoman | Veronique Diabolique | Vernian Process