OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Garabed T. K. Giragossian

Garabed T. K. Giragossian was an Armenian living in Boston who is remembered for developing a perpetual motion device shortly after the turn of the 20th century. He immigrated to America in 1891. In 1917, Giragossian claimed, reportedly fraudulently, to have developed a "free energy machine". The assignment of the patent to the United States government was conditionally accepted in Pub. Res. 65-21, 40 Stat. 435, enacted on February 8, 1918, and authorized the Secretary of the Interior to form a scientific committee to investigate the machine. The committee issued a report on July 1, 1918 finding that the principles were not sound. According to an editorial in the Scientific American in 1918, Giragossian claimed that the machine, named Garabed, took energy out of the cosmos and turned it into mechanical motion.
Editors of the Journal of the American Medical Association compared him and his methods with quacks in the medical world; they pointed out that he could not answer the question what qualifications he had to undertake his work, and that he repeatedly only replied, he was an honest man and that he could prove it with signatures of friends and sponsors. They deplored the waste of time of "scientific men in investigating alleged discoveries by men who are utterly lacking in the fundamental qualifications needed [...]."
Supposedly involved in a conspiracy, Woodrow Wilson signed a resolution offering him protection. The device was a giant flywheel that was charged up with energy slowly and put out a lot of energy for just a second.
# Hebeloma radicosoides

Hebeloma radicosoides is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. Found in Japan, it was described as new to science in 2000.
The mushroom's long rooting stipe and membranous ring give it an appearance similar to H. radicosum. Like that species, it is also an ammonia fungus, growing on soil containing urea.
# Hadopyrgus ngataana

Hadopyrgus ngataana is a tiny, transparent, and critically endangered freshwater snail, found only in a single stream in a cave in New Zealand.

## Habitat

This snail has only been found in one spot: in one pool, in a stream at the entrance of Maitai Cave, in the Maitai River Valley southeast of Nelson. It is one of a group of very small, blind, transparent freshwater snails found in caves or underground streams, especially in Northwest Nelson, and like many of these species has evolved in just one small area.

## Taxonomy

The tiny (1.7 x 1.2 mm) snail was discovered by Frank Climo in the 1970s, but was considered to be just one form of another subterranean Hadopyrgus snail found in the Nelson area. In 2001 Martin Haase and Christina Mosimann collected more specimens from Maitai Cave by washing and sieving gravel, and using both morphological and genetic evidence realised these belonged to a distinct species. They scientifically described and named it Hadopyrgus ngataana in 2008; the name they chose, ngataana, comes from the Māori words ngata (snail or slug) and ana (cave).

## Conservation status

In November 2018 the Department of Conservation classified H. ngataana as Nationally Critical, using the New Zealand Threat Classification System. The species meets the Nationally Critical criteria because it is found in just one location, and occupies a total area of less than 1 hectare. Because Maitai Cave is a popular recreational area, and the stream the species has evolved in is so small, the population of this critically endangered snail is expected to decline.
While it is possible for freshwater invertebrates to be legally protected under the Wildlife Amendment Act 1980, neither H. ngataana nor any other New Zealand freshwater invertebrate has been protected.
# Mordella rufoapicalis

Mordella rufoapicalis is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1923.
# 170 BC

Year 170 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Mancinus and Serranus (or, less frequently, year 584 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 170 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Greece

* In Thessaly, King Perseus of Macedon repulses a Roman army which is commanded by Aulus Hostilius Mancinus. Meanwhile, the Thracian city of Abdera is sacked by Roman and Pergamese troops.

#### Egypt

* With the guardians of the young king Ptolemy VI Philometor demanding the return of Coele-Syria to Egyptian control, the Seleucid king, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, decides on a preemptive strike against Egypt and invades the country, conquering all but the city of Alexandria. He is also able to capture Ptolemy VI.
* Antiochus IV decides to let Ptolemy VI continue as king of Egypt, but as his puppet. He does this to minimise any reaction from Rome towards his invasion. Antiochus IV then departs Egypt to deal with disturbances in Palestine, but he safeguards his access to Egypt with a strong garrison in Pelusium.
* With Antiochus IV now absent from the country, the citizens of Alexandria choose Ptolemy VI's brother Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II as their king. The two Ptolemy brothers agree to rule Egypt jointly with their sister Cleopatra II and Coele Syria is invaded by the Egyptian forces.

#### Seleucid Empire

* The usurped high priest of Judea, Jason, does not abandon his claims to being the high priest which he has lost to Menelaus two years earlier. While Antiochus IV is waging war against Egypt, he succeeds in making himself master of Jerusalem once more and forces Menelaus to seek refuge in the citadel.

#### Bactria

* Around this time, Eucratides, who is either a rebellious Bactrian official or a cousin of the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes, captures the throne of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom by toppling the Euthydemid dynasty's king Antimachus I.

## Births

* Dionysios Thrax, a Hellenic grammarian who will live and work in Alexandria and later on Rhodes (d. 90 BC)
* Lucius Accius (or Lucius Attius), Roman tragic poet and literary scholar (d. c. 86 BC)
* Apollonia Senmothis, Greek-Egyptian businesswoman.
# Francis Beaver

Francis Edis Beaver (19 June 1824 – 7 October 1887) was an auctioneer and politician in colonial Victoria, a member of the Victorian Legislative Council and the Victorian Legislative Assembly at different times.

## Early life

Beaver was born in Kennington, Surrey, England, the son of George Beaver and his wife Elizabeth, née Edis.

## Colonial Australia

Beaver arrived in Sydney in 1833 and the Port Phillip District in 1840. In March 1854 Beaver was elected to the unicameral Victorian Legislative Council for Belfast and Warrnambool. Beaver held this position until the original Council was abolished in March 1856. He then was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Belfast in November 1856, holding the seat until August 1859. Beaver was again elected the Victorian Legislative Council, now the upper house of the Victorian Parliament, this time for North Yarra Province and held the seat from December 1882 until his death in Brighton, Victoria on 7 October 1887. Beaver had married Emily Stevens in 1845.
# Caenorycta dryoxantha

Caenorycta dryoxantha is a moth in the family Xyloryctidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922. It is found on New Guinea.
The wingspan is about 38 mm. The forewings are pale ochreous with scattered dark brown scales and a dark brown dot near the base in the middle. There is an elongate brown patch sprinkled with dark fuscous extending along the dorsum from one-fifth to four-fifths, pointed anteriorly, reaching one-third across the wing and truncate posteriorly, the upper edge with an obtuse prominence suffused with dark fuscous before the middle. There is also an indistinct median line of dark brown suffusion from near the base to the termen. The second discal stigma is linear and dark fuscous and there is some brownish tinge on the tornal area. A dark fuscous mark is found on the costa at three-fourths. The hindwings are ochreous yellow.
# 1970 Lafayette Leopards football team

The 1970 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season. In their fourth and final year under head coach Harry Gamble, the Leopards compiled a 6–5 record. Richard McKay was the team captain.
Following the decision by the Middle Atlantic Conference to end football competition in its University Division, the Leopards competed as a football independent in 1970, though five of the former league rivals (Bucknell, Delaware, Gettysburg, Lafayette and Lehigh) continued to play an informal round-robin called the "Middle Five". The three-way rivalry with Lehigh and Rutgers remained on Lafayette's football schedule, but press reports in 1970 make no mention of a Middle Three Conference champion.
Lafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 12 | East Stroudsburg | Fisher FieldEaston, PA | W 27–16 | 7,000–9,500 |
| September 19 | at Rutgers | Rutgers StadiumPiscataway, NJ | L 16–41 | 13,000 |
| September 26 | at Columbia | Baker FieldNew York, NY | L 9–23 | 5,079 |
| October 3 | Drexel | Fisher FieldEaston, PA | W 19–14 | 6,500 |
| October 10 | at No. 11 Delaware | Delaware StadiumNewark, DE | L 20–36 | 17,116 |
| October 17 | at Penn | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | L 20–31 | 7,913–7,933 |
| October 24 | at Bucknell | Memorial StadiumLewisburg, PA | L 28–30 | 10,000–10,115 |
| October 31 | Gettysburg | Fisher FieldEaston, PA | W 21–14 | 8,200–8,500 |
| November 7 | at Davidson | Richardson StadiumDavidson, NC | W 53–34 | 4,500 |
| November 14 | Vermont | Fisher FieldEaston, PA | W 31–14 | 4,000–6,000 |
| November 21 | Lehigh | Fisher FieldEaston, PA (The Rivalry) | W 31–28 | 17,000 |
| HomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Lockport

Lockport may refer to:

## Places
### In Canada

* Lockport, Manitoba, an unincorporated community
* Lockport, Newfoundland and Labrador, an abandoned fishing village

### In the United States

* Lockport, Illinois, a city
** Lockport Historic District
* Lockport, Indiana, an unincorporated town
* Lockport, Kentucky in Henry County
* Lockport, Louisiana, a town
* Lockport (city), New York
** Lockport Industrial District
* Lockport (town), New York, surrounding the city
** Lockport Mall, a former shopping mall
* Lockport, Ohio, a ghost town
* Platea, Pennsylvania, in Erie County, known as the Borough of Lockport until 1902
* Lockport, an old name for the village Black River, New York
* Lockport Township (disambiguation)

## Other uses

* Lockport Cave, New York, a man-made cave
* Lockport formation, a component of the Niagara Escarpment
* Lockport Subdivision, railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. state of New York
# Gaediophanopsis

Gaediophanopsis is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Gaediophanopsis koehleri Blanchard, 1954

## Distribution

Argentina.
# Garfield television specials

The Garfield television specials are a series of twelve half-hour long American animated television specials based on the Garfield comic strip of the same name created by Jim Davis. Most specials were directed by Phil Roman, written by Davis, and featuring the voice of Lorenzo Music as the character. The specials were originally broadcast on CBS from 1982 to 1991. Although the first two specials were produced by Lee Mendelson Films, this boutique studio was fully committed to the production of the Peanuts animated specials and could not allocate resources for the Garfield specials. All of the remaining Garfield specials were produced by Roman's own production company and namesake Film Roman.

## List

List of Garfield television specials :
| Title | Original airing date | Director | Producer(s) | Garfield | Notes |
| Here Comes Garfield | October 25, 1982 | Phil Roman | Lee Mendelson and Bill Melendez | Lorenzo Music | 1983 Emmy nominee. |
| Garfield on the Town | October 28, 1983 | Phil Roman | Lee Mendelson and Bill Melendez | Lorenzo Music | 1984 Emmy winner. |
| Garfield in the Rough | October 26, 1984 | Phil Roman | Phil Roman | Lorenzo Music | 1985 Emmy winner. |
| Garfield's Halloween Adventure | October 30, 1985 | Phil Roman | Phil Roman | Lorenzo Music | 1986 Emmy winner. |
| Garfield in Paradise | May 27, 1986 | Phil Roman | Phil Roman | Lorenzo Music | 1986 Emmy nominee. |
| Garfield Goes Hollywood | May 8, 1987 | Phil Roman | Phil Roman | Lorenzo Music | 1987 Emmy nominee. |
| A Garfield Christmas | December 21, 1987 | Phil Roman | Phil Roman | Lorenzo Music | 1988 Emmy nominee. |
| Garfield: His 9 Lives | November 22, 1988 | Phil Roman | Phil Roman | Lorenzo Music | Animated adaptation of the illustrated/comic book of the same name; 1989 Emmy nominee. |
| Garfield's Babes and Bullets | May 23, 1989 | Phil Roman | Phil Roman | Lorenzo Music | Adapted from a short story in Garfield: His 9 Lives. 1989 Emmy winner. |
| Garfield's Thanksgiving | November 22, 1989 | Phil Roman | Phil Roman | Lorenzo Music | 1990 Emmy nominee. |
| Garfield's Feline Fantasies | May 18, 1990 | Phil Roman | Phil Roman | Lorenzo Music | 1990 Emmy nominee. |
| Garfield Gets a Life | May 8, 1991 | John Sparey | Phil Roman | Lorenzo Music | 1991 Emmy nominee. |

## Reception

All the Garfield animated specials received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Animated Program, winning four including Garfield on the Town, Garfield in the Rough, Garfield's Halloween Adventure, and Garfield's Babes and Bullets.
# French ship De Grasse

Three ships of the French Navy have borne the name De Grasse in honour of François Joseph Paul de Grasse:
* De Grasse (1939), a requisitioned steamer
* De Grasse (C610), an anti-aircraft cruiser (1946–1974)
* De Grasse (D 612), a Tourville-class frigate (1975-2013)
# Hadopyrgus

Hadopyrgus is a genus of white or transparent freshwater snails found only in New Zealand. They are micromolluscs, just a few millimetres long, in the gastropod family Tateidae. Hadopyrgus species are subterranean – living in caves, underground aquifers, or deep in river gravels – and so were named from the Greek hades (underworld) and pyrgos (tower). They can have quite restricted ranges: Hadopyrgus ngataana, for example, has been found in just one pool, in a stream flowing through a single cave.

## Species

Species within the genus Hadopyrgus include:
* Hadopyrgus anops Climo, 1974
* Hadopyrgus brevis Climo, 1974
* Hadopyrgus dubius Haase, 2008
* Hadopyrgus expositus Haase, 2008
* Hadopyrgus ngataana Haase, 2008
* Hadopyrgus rawhiti Haase, 2008
* Hadopyrgus sororius Haase, 2008
# Frederick of Liege

Frederick was Bishop of Liege.
Frederick was the son of Albert III, Count of Namur and his wife Ida. His older brother was Godfrey I, Count of Namur.
Godfrey I, Count of Louvain came into conflict with Otbert, Bishop of Liège, over the county of Brunengeruz that both claimed. In 1099, Emperor Henry IV allotted the county to his close supporter, the bishop, who entrusted it to Albert III, Count of Namur. Bishop Otbert died in 1119. Two separate candidates were elected to replace him and Godfrey sided with the loser.
Frederick became Bishop of Liege succeeding Bishop Alexander (who was forced to stand down after being charged with acts of simony, 1119). As a result, the newly appointed Bishop Frederick suffered open animosity from Alexander's supporters. It is believed that Frederick was poisoned by the count of Louvain, and suffered death in 1121.
# 170 (disambiguation)

170 may refer to:
* 170 (year)
* 170 (number)
* Thalaivar 170
* Interstate 170
* Cessna 170
* UFC 170
* 170 Maria
* Radical 170
# Ca' d'Andrea

Ca' d'Andrea is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Cremona.
Ca' d'Andrea borders the following municipalities: Cappella de' Picenardi, Cingia de' Botti, Derovere, San Martino del Lago, Torre de' Picenardi, Voltido.

## History

On January 1, 1868, the municipalities of Brolpasino, Breda Guazzona, Casanova d'Offredi, Fossa Guazzona, Pieve San Maurizio and Ronca de' Golferami were aggregated into the municipality of Cà d'Andrea.
On June 10, 2018, the inhabitants in a referendum voted to merge by incorporation with the municipality of Torre de' Picenardi, which became effective on January 1, 2019.
# Caenorycta thiobapta

Caenorycta thiobapta is a moth in the family Xyloryctidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1930. It is found on New Guinea.
# Lytvyn

Lytvyn is a Ukrainian-language equivalent of the Slavic surname Litvin, which means a resident of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It may refer to:
* Dmytro Lytvyn (born 1996), Ukrainian football player
* Oksana Lytvyn (born 1961), Ukrainian couturier and designer
* Lytvyn brothers:
** Volodymyr Lytvyn (born 1956), Ukrainian politician, Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (parliament)
** Mykola Lytvyn (born 1961), Director of the State Border Guard of Ukraine
** Petro Lytvyn (born 1967), Ukrainian military general
* Yuriy Lytvyn (disambiguation), the name of several people
# Gaius Fufius Geminus (consul 2 BC)

Gaius Fufius Geminus (fl. 1st century BC) was an imperial Roman senator who was appointed suffect consul for the period September-October 2 BC, as the colleague of Lucius Caninius Gallus.

## Biography

Fufius Geminus was either the son or nephew of the Fufius Geminus who was governor of Pannonia in 35 BC. He was appointed consul suffectus in 2 BC (around September), replacing the Princeps Augustus. He was the co-author of the Lex Fufia Caninia, which restricted the manumission of slaves.
Fufius Geminus only served as consul for a couple of months – by 1 December, he had been replaced. It has been speculated that he may have died while in office, or perhaps he was caught up in the political events that surrounded the banishment of Augustus’ daughter Julia, resulting in his name being erased from the Fasti Magistrorum Vici.
Fufius Geminus was married to one Vitia; together they had a son, Gaius Fufius Geminus, who was consul in AD 29 and later put to death by the emperor Tiberius. Vitia was executed in the year 32 for mourning the death of her son.
# Gaediopsis

Gaediopsis is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Gaediopsis flavicauda (Wulp, 1890)
* Gaediopsis flavipes Coquillett, 1895
* Gaediopsis lugubris (Wulp, 1890)
* Gaediopsis mexicana Brauer & von Berganstamm, 1891
* Gaediopsis ocellaris Coquillett, 1902
* Gaediopsis organensis (Townsend, 1908)
* Gaediopsis punoensis Vimmer & Soukup, 1940
* Gaediopsis rubentis (Reinhard, 1961)
* Gaediopsis rufescens Aldrich, 1929
* Gaediopsis setosa Coquillett, 1897
* Gaediopsis sierricola (Townsend, 1908)
* Gaediopsis simmondsi (Thompson, 1963)
* Gaediopsis vinnula (Reinhard, 1961)
# Gangster State

Gangster State: Unravelling Ace Magashule's Web of Capture (2019) is a book by Pieter-Louis Myburgh, a South African investigative journalist. The book is an account of Ace Magashule's rise to power as premier of the Free State and his impact on both the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African government.

## Synopsis

The book explores Magashule's relationship with the controversial Gupta family and alleges that he was responsible for a number of corrupt activities. It explores the methods used to maintain his premiership and elevate him to the post of secretary-general of the ruling African National Congress (ANC) party. It also reveals that he was about to be arrested by the Scorpions prior to their disbanding in 2009.

## Reception

The Daily Maverick described the likely impact of the book and the corruption case it makes against Magashule as detonating "like a hand-grenade" in South African politics.
The ANC made a number of statements regarding the book. It initially criticized the book and accused Myburgh of being a former member of Stratcom, a disinformation unit in the apartheid-era security police, and spreading anti-ANC propaganda. Two days later the ANC stated that it would only be making a statement on the book after following "due processes" as the ANC secretary-general “had no authority to release a statement” on behalf of the ANC on issues that affected him personally.
Following the book's publication, supporters of Magashule destroyed copies of the book while disrupting an event to launch the book in Sandton City. Free State ANC Youth League (ANCYL) spokesperson Sello Pietersen went on to state that they would organize a book burning event in Mangaung to destroy copies of the book. Magashule denied any role in the disruption whilst the ANC condemned the book burning event stating that it undermined freedom of expression. Due to security concerns following the Sandton City disruption, the Cape Town book launch had to be moved to an alternative location, the offices of CapeTalk.
# French ship Deux Frères

Deux Frères (literally Two Brothers) was an 80-gun ship of the line of the French Navy.
She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the two brothers of King Louis XVI. The ship was laid down at Brest in July 1782, and launched on 17 September 1784, based on a design by Antoine Groignard, and built by Jacques-Augustin Lamothe. On 29 September 1792, she was renamed Juste.
HMS Queen Charlotte captured Juste at the battle of the Glorious First of June in 1794. Captain William Cayley commissioned her in the Royal Navy as HMS Juste in August 1795. In October Captain the Honourable Thomas Pakenham replaced Cayley and commissioned Juste for service in the Channel. Captain Sir Henry Trollope replaced Pakenham in June 1799. In 1801 she was commanded by Captains Herbert Sawyer, Richard Dacres — under whom she took part in Rear-Admiral Robert Calder's pursuit of Honoré Ganteaume's fleet to the West Indies — and Sir Edmund Nagle.

## Fate

In April 1802 Juste was laid up in ordinary at Plymouth, and was broken up there in February 1811.
# Odetta at Town Hall

Odetta at Town Hall is a live album by American folk singer Odetta, recorded at Town Hall, New York, NY. At this time, Odetta was at the height of her career and performed an annual concert at the venue, typically in the month of April. It is not clear if this is her 1961 or 1962 concert performance. It could potentially be a compilation of her performances at Town Hall throughout the early 1960s. This album was first issued in 1962, as per the Vanguard Discography logs. The internet and some CD reissues will sometimes incorrectly report that this album was released in 1963.
The Odetta at Town Hall album and One Grain of Sand, were both released after Odetta had made the decision to leave Vanguard Records and start recording for RCA Victor in early1962.
At Town Hall is also available along with At Carnegie Hall from the same era, on Vanguard's double-LP The Essential Odetta, but the CD version of that release omits eight songs from the Town Hall LP and two songs from the Carnegie Hall LP.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |

## Track listing

* "Let Me Ride" (Traditional spiritual) – 1:34
* "The Fox" (Traditional) – 1:51
* "Santy Anno" (Traditional) – 2:35
* "Devilish Mary" (Traditional) – 1:56
* "Another Man Done Gone" (Vera Hall, Alan Lomax, John Lomax, Ruby Pickens Tartt) – 2:33
* "Children's Trilogy" (Jimmy Driftwood) – 2:07
* "He Had a Long Chain On" (Traditional) – 6:26
* "He's Got the Whole World in His Hands" (Traditional spiritual) – 2:06
* "Take This Hammer" (Traditional) – 3:57
* "Ox Driver" (Traditional; arranged and adapted by Bob Corman and Harry Belafonte) – 3:07
* "Hound Dog" (Traditional) – 4:44
* "Carry It Back to Rosie" (Traditional) – 3:27
* "What Month Was Jesus Born In?" (Traditional spiritual) – 2:22
* "The Frozen Logger" (Ivar Haglund, James Stevens) – 2:52
* "Timber" (Sam Gray, Josh White) – 3:26
* "Freedom Trilogy: Oh Freedom/ Come and Go with Me/ I'm on My Way" (Traditional) – 7:29

## Personnel

* Odetta Holmes – vocals, guitar
* Bill Lee – bass