OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An American Trilogy (book)

An American Trilogy: Death, Slavery, and Dominion on the Banks of the Cape Fear River is a 2009 non-fiction work by Steven M. Wise about the pig industry in North Carolina. Wise is an American legal scholar who specializes in animal protection.

## Contents

Wise discovered that the same piece of land in Tar Heel, North Carolina, has over the years seen the decimation of aboriginal tribes by Christian settlers; was the site of a plantation where African-American slaves once worked; and is now the site of factory farms for pigs, and the world's largest slaughterhouse, operated by Smithfield Foods, where 40,000 pigs are killed every day.
In the course of his investigation, Wise interviews former slaughterhouse employees, visits a pork factory, talks to a scientist whose job it is to make pork taste better, and attends the World Pork Expo in Iowa, home of the "Pigcasso" art show and pig races, and, through documenting the life of a fictional pig, criticises the treatment of pigs in pork manufacturing.
Wise writes that the work makes the employees callous, and writes that they are often immigrants who will accept any kind of work, and who are the least likely to report what they see there. The regulations that do exist are not enforced, he writes, because anything that enhances the pigs' lives reduces profit.

## Reviews

Barbara Bamberger Scott writes for Curled Up with a Good Book that An American Trilogy is a dramatic and incisive book. She writes that Wise is not asking people to boycott pork. He is looking for advocates for the pig, not converts to veganism.
Publishers Weekly called the book a "muddled manifesto", writing that the author somewhat offensively compares the Indians' "fauna-friendly religion" with the cruel Christian idea of dominion over animals, and before them, over slaves and indigenous Americans. Wise combines what the reviewer writes are genuine outrages with banalities: for example, disapproving of paintings of pigs at the World Pork Expo. The reviewer adds that "Readers who root around a bit will find more cogent discussions of animal-rights issues elsewhere".
# Envoy

Envoy or Envoys may refer to:

## Diplomacy

* Diplomacy, in general
* Envoy (title)
* Special envoy, a type of diplomatic rank

## Brands

* Airspeed Envoy, a 1930s British light transport aircraft
* Envoy (automobile), an automobile brand used to sell British built Vauxhall and Bedford vehicles in the Canadian market
* Envoy (WordPerfect), a document reader and document file format
* Envoy Air, a United States regional airline
* GMC Envoy, a make of automobile
* Motorola Envoy, a personal digital assistant released by Motorola in summer 1994
* Envoy, web-service–proxy software that is part of Cloud Native Computing Foundation
* Envoy, the call sign for United Kingdom airline Flyjet

## Culture

* Envoy, A Review of Literature and Art, an Irish magazine
* The Envoy (Gavilán Rayna Russom album), 2019
* The Envoy (Polonskaya novel), a 1989 Russian novel by Elizaveta Polonskaya
* The Envoy (Warren Zevon album), 1982
* The Envoy, a 2008 spy novel by Edward Wilson
* Der Gesandte (The Envoy), a 1991 play by the Swiss playwright Thomas Hürlimann
* "Envoys", 2020 episode of Star Trek: Lower Decks
* L'envoi a chapter in Hemingway's short story collection In Our Time of 1925

## Other uses

* A character in the Wild Cards anthology series
* "Envoys" (Star Trek: Lower Decks), an episode of Star Trek: Lower Decks
# Geladin (woreda)

Geladin (Somali: Geladdi) is one of the woredas in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Werder Zone Geladin is bordered on the south by the Korahe Zone, on the west by Werder, on the northwest by Danot, on the northeast by Boh,(Galhamur) Woreda and on the southeast by the Provisional Administrative Line with Somalia. The major town in Geladin is Geladin.
Before 1960, there was little water available during the dry season in Geladin; although the Geladi wells and other shallow wells in their vicinity were used, they did not always yield sufficient water in the dry season to serve as a reliable permanent water source. So the pastures in the woreda were traditionally abandoned by the local nomadic pastoralists for areas with abundant water with the advent of the dry season, like the wells of Werder, and Galkacyo, Las Anod or Garowe across the border in Somalia and Somaliland. Water points in the area increased in number beginning in 1954 with the sinking of a borehole near the Geladi wells. The shallow wells of Geladi, Dudub, Durwayale, Korof, Cel Furdan, Gaal Dheer and Godene Dayeer increased in importance during this period as existing wells were improved and new ones dug at these sites. From the 1970s, the construction of private birkas (underground concrete water tanks) greatly increased, and by 1998 there were 55 villages with birkas in the woreda, but the number of birkas in each village varies widely. For example, there are estimated to be 3,000 birkas around the village of Qalo'an, whereas other settlements have as few as 20. The building of birkas has also been stimulated with the arrival of refugees fleeing Somalia since 1988. While this allowed the area that was previously grazed mainly in the wet season to now be grazed throughout the dry season, it has also led to a serious decline in the native species most favored for fodder and grazing in this Geladin.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 98,053, of whom 57,469 are men and 40,584 women. While 9,217 or 9.4% are urban inhabitants, a further 36,788 or 37.52% are pastoralists. 99.35% of the population said they were Muslim. This woreda is primarily inhabited by the Majerten Bicidyahan, Somali marehan clan.
The 1997 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 106,230, of whom 60,734 were men and 45,496 were women; 7,233 or 6.81% of its population were urban dwellers. The largest ethnic group reported in Geladin was the Somali (99.9%).
# Blyton, Illinois

Blyton is an unincorporated community in Fulton County, Illinois, United States. The community is located on Illinois Route 9, west of Canton.
# Gary Benson

Gary Benson may refer to:
* Gary Benson (poker player) (born 1957), poker player and sports bettor
* Gary Benson (musician), English singer-songwriter
* Gary Benson, inventor and named respondent in the 1972 U.S. Supreme Court patent case Gottschalk v. Benson
# Enos M. Barton

Enos Melancthon Barton (December 2, 1842 – May 3, 1916) was an American electrical engineer who, with Elisha Gray, co-founded Western Electric Manufacturing Company.

## Biography

Born in Lorraine, New York in 1842, Enos M. Barton attended the University of Rochester. During the U.S. Civil War and prior to 1869, Barton was a telegraph operator.
In 1869, Barton became partners with George Shawk in an electrical engineering business in Cleveland, Ohio. Later that same year, Shawk sold his share to inventor Elisha Gray and the company was renamed the Gray and Barton Co. Barton became the secretary of the company.
In 1872, Gray and Barton moved the business to Chicago, Illinois, and manufactured typewriter parts, fire alarms, electric light fixtures, telegraph equipment, and related electrical devices. One of their best customers was the giant Western Union Telegraph Company.
In 1881, after Western Union became a partner in the Gray and Barton Co, the latter was reorganized as the Western Electric Manufacturing Company that was later licensed under the Bell telephone patents to manufacture telephone equipment for AT&T.
In 1887 Barton became president of Western Electric and oversaw the international expansion of the company from its beginning. He retired in 1908.
In 1926 Graybar Electric Company was spun off from Western Electric to handle distribution of Western Electric products. This new company was named Graybar in memory of Elisha Gray and Enos Barton.

## Personal life

Barton married Katherine S. Richardson in 1869, and they had three children. She died in 1898. He remarried to Mary C. Rust on October 6, 1899, and they had three children.
He died in 1916 on his family farm in Biloxi, Mississippi. He was buried at Rosehill Cemetery in Chicago.
# Erlenbach bei Dahn

Erlenbach bei Dahn is a municipality in Südwestpfalz district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.
Above the village is Berwartstein Castle on one side of the Erlenbach stream and the outwork Little France on the other.
# Gary Waterman

Gary Waterman is the head coach for St. Francis Xavier University's football team, the St. Francis Xavier X-Men, a position he has held since the 2009 U Sports season. He is a six-time Loney Bowl Champion and six-time Atlantic University Sport Coach of the Year winner. In 2022, he was awarded the Frank Tindall Trophy as the U Sports Football Coach of the Year.

## Playing career

Waterman played CIAU football for the St. Francis Xavier X-Men from 1988 to 1992. He played as running back and defensive back during his collegiate career while being named an AUS All-Star three times, team MVP three times, and served as a team captain twice.

## Coaching career

After graduation, Waterman moved back to his hometown of Mississauga where he became a high school teacher for Father Michael Goetz Secondary School. While teaching there, he coached football, basketball, and track and field. He served as a guest coach in 2004 and 2005 for the St. Francis Xavier X-Men football team and was offered a role as the defensive coordinator in 2006. After serving as the team's defensive coordinator for three years, he was named the X-Men's head coach on January 16, 2009 and became the first St. Francis Xavier alumni to be named the team's head coach. While he had 6–2 record and Loney Bowl appearance in his first year in 2009, the team only qualified for the playoffs once in the next four years.
After a return to the playoffs in 2014, Waterman and the X-Men ended a 19-year drought by finishing the 2015 season as Loney Bowl champions in a 14–12 win over the Mount Allison Mounties. He was named the AUS Coach of the Year in 2015. In 2016, the X-Men ended another 19-year drought by finishing the regular season in first place for the first time since 1997, along with capturing their second consecutive AUS title. Waterman was again named the AUS Coach of the Year in 2016, although the team regressed to a third-place finish in 2017. In 2018, the team finished once again as Loney Bowl champions and Waterman won his third AUS Coach of the Year award. In 2019, the team finished in last place in the AUS standings and missed the playoffs for the first time since 2013. However, following the cancelled 2020 season, Waterman led the X-Men to an undefeated record as he won his fourth Loney Bowl title in 2021. The team repeated as champions in 2022 with Waterman winning his fifth Loney Bowl title and being named the U Sports Coach of the Year for the first time in his career.

## Personal life

Waterman currently resides in Antigonish, Nova Scotia with his wife, Andrea. They have four children and one grandchild.
# Enrique Ballesté

Enrique Ballesté (October 15, 1946 in Mexico City – September 19, 2015) was a Mexican actor, playwright, composer and theatrical producer. Noted for being promoter in the 60s and 70s of the teatro independiente (independent theater) movement in his country, he formed several generations of actors and actresses. He was also founder of the Centro Libre de Experimentación Teatral y Artística (Free Center of Theater and Artistic Experimentation) or CLETA with Luis and Enrique Cisneros Lujan, Ángel Álvarez Quiñones, Claudio Obregón and Luisa Huerta among others, and the theater company "Zumbón".
Ballesté was son of Spanish exiles who moved to Mexico after the Spanish Civil War. He studied Spanish literature and theater at the UNAM Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. He actively participated in the student movement of 1968. His contemporary, Luis de Tavira called Ballesté "the playwright of 68, because its trajectory as modern minstrel summarized the libertarian spirit that erupted in that axial year". In 1969 he released his first work Life and Works of Dalomismo (Vida y obra de Dalomismo, in Spanish, a wordplay using the expression "da lo mismo" or "whatever" in English) which was awarded the Premio Celestino Gorostiza prize. Since that time he composed folk protest songs which were famous in social movements as Soy Campesino (I'm A Peasant) and Jugar a la vida (Play To Life) which was popularized by Amparo Ochoa. In 1984 Ballesté toured Mexico with the "Zumbón" theatre company performing ¿Por qué el sapo no puede correr?, a theater piece based in Popol Vuh. In 1985 he achieved the first financing of an independent theatrical group by UNAM and the Mexican Social Security Institute to his piece Los Flores Guerra, a social critique situated in student movement of 1968 and released in Teatro Legaria of Mexico City at the end of 1985.
# An Unfortunate Woman: A Journey

An Unfortunate Woman: A Journey is Richard Brautigan's eleventh and final published novel. Written in 1982, it was first published (posthumously) in 1994 in a French translation, Cahier d'un Retour de Troie ["Diary of a Return from Troy"]. The first edition in English did not appear until 2000, when it was produced by St. Martin's Press.
An Unfortunate Woman assumes the form of a traveler's journal, chronicling the protagonist's journey and his oblique ruminations on the suicide of one woman and the death from cancer of a close friend.
# Anal stricture

Anal stricture or anal stenosis is a narrowing of the anal canal. It can be caused by a number of surgical procedures including: hemorrhoid removal and following anorectal wart treatment.
# Ethminolia eudeli

Ethminolia eudeli is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the subfamily Umboniinae of the family Trochidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Réunion.
# Andreas Strobel

Andreas Strobel (born 13 May 1972) is a German ski mountaineer and marathon mountain biker.
Strobel was born in Selb, and started bike sports as condition training in 1991. After bad results at the "Ronda Extrema" race in Riva del Garda in 1997, he intensified the training. He is also member of the national ski mountaineering team.

## Selected results
### Ski mountaineering

* 2006:
** 4th, German Championship single
* 2005:
** 2nd, German Championship vertical race
* 2007:
** 2nd, Dammkarwurm race
* 2008:
** 1st, German Championship vertical race
** 3rd, German Championship single
** 3rd, German Championship team
** 6th, World Championship relay race (together with Toni Steurer, Stefan Klinger and Konrad Lex)
* 2009:
** 2nd, German Championship vertical race
** 9th, European Championship relay race (together with Toni Steurer, Konrad Lex and Alexander Schuster)
* 2010:
** 9th, World Championship relay race (together with Martin Echtler, Konrad Lex and Alexander Schuster)

### Mountain biking

* 2003:
** 1st, Transrockies race
** 3rd, Transalpchallenge
* 2004:
** 1st, Bavarian Championship
** 1st, MV-Marathon serie
** 2nd, Cape Epic race
** 3rd, German Championship of bike marathon
* 2005:
** 1st, Transcreta race
* 2006:
** 1st, Bavarian Championship
** 1st, Ritchey MTB Challenge
# Ethmia epiloxa

Ethmia epiloxa is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found in Kenya.
# Eois serrilineata

Eois serrilineata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Peru.
# Ernst Ludwig von Leutsch

Ernst Ludwig von Leutsch (August 16, 1808 – July 28, 1887) was a German classical philologist born in Frankfurt am Main.
He studied classical philology at the University of Göttingen, where he had as instructors Georg Ludolf Dissen, Christoph Wilhelm Mitscherlich and Karl Otfried Müller. It was during this time period that he became lifelong friends with Friedrich Wilhelm Schneidewin.
In 1830 he received his doctorate, and moved to Berlin for a year, where he continued his education under August Boeckh. In 1831 he returned to Göttingen, where in 1837 he was appointed an associate professor. From 1842 to 1883 he was a full professor of classical philology at the University of Göttingen. Following his retirement, he was replaced at Göttingen by Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff.
Following the death of Schneidewin in 1856, Leutsch took over editorship of the Philologus, a journal on classical studies. He remained editor of the journal until his death in 1887. In 1868 he founded the philological gazette, Philologischen Anzeiger. Not a prolific author of books, Leutsch's focus was primarily on his academic teaching, with his favorite subjects being Pindar, Aristophanes, Thucydides, Livy and Tacitus.
Leutsch died in Göttingen.
# Ernst Ludwig Taschenberg

Ernst Ludwig Taschenberg (10 January 1818 Naumburg – 19 January 1898 Halle) was a German entomologist.

## Life

After 1836 Taschenberg studied mathematics and natural sciences in Leipzig and Berlin. He went, then, as an auxiliary teacher to the Franckesche Stiftungen and dedicated himself to arranging the important beetle collection of professor Germar and with the curation and study of the insect collection of the zoological museum particularly the entomology collections.
He worked as a teacher in Seesen for two years and then in five Zahna for five years but in 1856 he became “Inspektor“ at the zoological museum in Halle and in 1871 he was appointed extraordinary professor. His insect studies were mainly applied to agriculture, horticulture and silviculture and he is an important figure in the history of Economic entomology. He also described new insect species in several orders. His son Ernst Otto Wilhelm Taschenberg was also an entomologist specialising in Hymenoptera.

## Works

* Was da kriecht und fliegt, Bilder aus dem Insektenleben. (Berlin 1861);
* Naturgeschichte der wirbellosen Tiere, die in Deutschland den Feld-, Wiesen- und Weidekulturpflanzen schädlich werden. (Leipzig 1865);
* Die Hymenopteren Deutschlands (Leipzig 1866);
* Entomologie für Gärtner und Gartenfreunde. (Leipzig 1871);
* Schutz der Obstbäume und deren Früchte gegen feindliche Tiere. (2. Aufl., Stuttgart 1879);
* Forstwirtschaftliche Insektenkunde. (Leipzig 1873);
* Das Ungeziefer der landwirtschaftlichen Kulturgewächse. ( Leipzig 1873);
* Praktische Insektenkunde. 5 Bde. (Bremen 1879-80);
* Die Insekten nach ihrem Schaden und Nutzen. (Leipzig 1882); Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
* Die Insekten, Tausendfüker und Spinnen'. (Leipzig und Wien 1892).
He also worked on the insects for Alfred Brehm's Tierleben (2. Aufl. 1877) and on zoological and entomological posters for school use.

## Collection

Taschenberg's faunistic collection of Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera from Sachsen-Anhalt is in the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg.
# Ernst Lüthi

Ernst Lüthi (born February 20, 1954) is a retired Swiss professional ice hockey defenceman who represented the Swiss national team at the 1976 Winter Olympics.
# Ernst Ludwig von Aster

Ernst Ludwig von Aster (October 5, 1778 - February 10, 1855) was a German officer and a highly decorated Prussian, Saxon and Russian general of the German Campaign of 1813 and the War of the Seventh Coalition.
Aster took part in fortifying several fortresses, including in Cologne, Poznań and Königsberg. In his honor, in the Poznań Fortress and Koblenz Fortress forts were given the name of Aster.
# Face Off (video game)

Face Off (Japanese: フェイスオフ, Hepburn: Feisu Ofu) is an ice hockey arcade game developed and released by Namco for Japan only in 1988. Up to four players control players from one of eight hockey teams against each other, the objective being to score the most points before the timer ends. Similar to Namco's own Final Lap, multiple cabinets can be linked together to enable multiplayer play. It runs on the Namco System 1 arcade board. Face Off received a favorable critical reception for its visuals and gameplay. A digital re-release for the Wii Virtual Console was released in Japan in 2009.

## Gameplay

Face Off is an ice-hockey arcade game. Players select one of eight hockey teams (Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Japan, the Soviet Union, Sweden, United States) in two gameplay modes. Tournament Mode has one to two players face four CPU-controlled teams. Versus Mode enables up to four players competing against each other. Players can select how many players their team has.

## Release

Face Off was released in Japan in December 1988. It runs on the Namco System 1 arcade system. Much like Namco's own Final Lap series, Face Off allows cabinets to be linked for four-player multiplayer.

## Reception

In Japan, Game Machine listed Face Off on their February 1, 1989 issue as being the eighteenth most-successful table arcade unit of the month. The July 1991 issue of Gamest magazine was highly positive of the game, calling its character designs "cute" and labeling it one of Namco's more impressive titles in their late 1980s game output.
# Irrigation in Saudi Arabia

Center pivot irrigation in Saudi Arabia is typical of many isolated irrigation projects scattered throughout the arid and hyper-arid regions of the Earth. Nonrenewable fossil water is mined from depths as great as 1 km (3,000 ft), pumped to the surface, and distributed via large center pivot irrigation feeds. The circles of green irrigated vegetation may comprise a variety of agricultural commodities from alfalfa to wheat. Diameters of the normally circular fields range from a few hundred meters to as much as 3 km (1.9 mi).
The projects often trace out a narrow, sinuous, and seemingly random path. Actually, engineers generally seek ancient river channels now buried by the sand seas. The fossil waters mined in these projects accumulated during periods of wetter climate in the Pleistocene glacial epochs, between 10,000 and 2 million years ago, and are not being replenished under current climatic conditions. The projects, therefore, will have limited production as the reservoirs are drained.
A network of dams has been built to trap and use precious seasonal floods. Vast underground water reservoirs have been tapped through deep wells. Desalination plants have been built to produce fresh water from the sea for urban and industrial use, thereby freeing other sources for agriculture. Facilities have also been put into place to treat urban and industrial run-off for agricultural irrigation. These efforts collectively have helped transform vast tracts of the desert into fertile farmland. Land under cultivation grew from under 400,000 acres (1,600 km$^2$) in 1976 to more than 8 million acres (32,000 km$^2$) in 1993.
Saudi Arabia is suffering from a major depletion of the water in its underground aquifers and a resultant break down and disintegration of its agriculture as a consequence. As a result of the catastrophe, Saudi Arabia has bought agricultural land in the United States, Argentina, and Africa. Saudi Arabia ranked as a major buyer of agricultural land in foreign countries.