OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Franz Retz

Franz Retz (sometimes Francis Retz) (13 September 1673 - 19 November 1750) was a Bohemian Jesuit, elected fifteenth Superior General of the Society of Jesus, which he governed from 7 March 1730 to 19 November 1750.

## Formation

After joining the Jesuits at the young age of 16 (in 1689) and doing his noviciate, he studied at the Faculty of Philosophy (1692–94) and Faculty of Theology (1700–03) of University of Olomouc. He obtained the doctorate in philosophy (Olomouc, 1703) and theology (Prague, 1709) and seemed destined to teach the same subjects.

### In Rome

He had hardly begun to do so when he was called to Rome (1711) to fill certain administrative post. Provincial of Bohemia (today's Czech Republic) (1718–20) and Rector of the large High School of Prague (1720–23) he was called to Rome in 1725 by the then Superior General Michelangelo Tamburini as his Assistant for the Central European affairs. At the death of Tamburini (1730) Retz, as Vicar General of the Society, called the General Congregation.

### Superior General

The sixteenth General Congregation elected him Superior General. The vote was nearly unanimous (68 of 70). His able administration contributed much to the welfare of the Society; he obtained the canonization of St. John Francis Regis (1738) and used the example of the saint to promote missionary work in the rural areas.
Father Retz's generalate was perhaps the quietest in the history of the order. There were difficulties in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and religious persecution in the Scottish Highlands and Islands following the Jacobite rising of 1745, but the Society's overseas missions developed as never before. The Society kept growing steadily. At the time of his death, it was made of thirty-nine provinces, twenty-four houses of professed fathers, 669 colleges, sixty-one novitiates, 335 residences, 273 mission stations, 176 seminaries, and 22,589 members of whom 11,293 were priests.
# Benstonea lauterbachii

Benstonea lauterbachii, commonly known as Lauterbach's pandan, is a shrub or small tree to 15 m (49 ft) in the family Pandanaceae endemic to Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. It was first described as Pandanus lauterbachii in 1900, but was revised in 2012 by Martin Callmander and Sven Buerki who placed it in the newly created genus Benstonea. In Australia it is found from the tip of Cape York to Iron Range, with an isolated occurrence at the Hull River near Tully.

## Gallery

* Foliage
* Growing in a swamp
* Infructescence
# Frascati (disambiguation)

Frascati is a town of central Italy.
Frascati may also refer to:
* Frascati (Somerset, Virginia), a 19th-century plantation
* Frascati (wine), a white wine from that Italian region
* Frascati, Warsaw, a neighbourhood in Warsaw, Poland
* Frascati Manual, a document stipulating the methodology for collecting and using statistics about research and development
* Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Frascati, Roman Catholic titular see
# Miramar Trade Center (Havana)

The Miramar Trade Center is a mixed-use office and retail real estate complex in Havana, Cuba. It is located in the Miramar district of the municipality of Playa.
The Miramar Trade Center is owned and operated by the Cuban joint venture company Inmobiliaria Monte Barreto S.A. which in turn is owned jointly by Corporación CIMEX S.A. (a diversified commercial corporation owned by the Cuban government) and CEIBA Investments Ltd. (a Guernsey registered investment company).
The existing phases of the Miramar Trade Center (Phase I and Phase II) were constructed from 1999 to 2006 as part of the original Miramar Trade Center master plan, which projected an integrated development comprising 18 buildings having a total net rentable area of approximately 180,000 square meters.

## Complex

The buildings that have been constructed and occupied are named "Jerusalem", "Barcelona", "Habana", "Santiago", "Santa Clara" and "Beijing". The Jerusalem and Habana buildings were the first to open in January 2000 with 27,000 square meters of construction and covered parking for 200 cars. Work on Phase II, which contains four buildings interconnected between the 2nd and 4th floors in a square pattern, began in September 2000. Two of these buildings (Santiago and Barcelona) have four floors, with views of 5th Avenue (Quinta Avenida), while the other two buildings (Santa Clara and Beijing) have five floors with views of 3rd Avenue. From the second floor, the buildings can offer areas for rent of between 50 and 7,000 square meters per floor.
Canadian ZP International Inc. is the main designer of the complex, in conjunction with Empresa de Diseño de La Habana. Some 150 firms have their offices at the Miramar Trade Center, while other companies have expressed interest in opening their offices in that Havana sector when new space is available.
# Bering flounder

The Bering flounder (Hippoglossoides robustus) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms at depths of up to 425 metres (1,394 ft). It reaches up to 30 centimetres (12 in) in length. Its native habitat is the northern Pacific, from Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk across the Bering Sea to Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and Canada's Arctic coast.
# Berenberg (disambiguation)

Berenberg may refer to:
* Berenberg Bank, a German financial institution
* Berenberg family, a banking family after which Berenberg Bank is named
* Berenberg (surname), other people with the surname Berenberg
# Frazer, Pennsylvania

Frazer is a census-designated place (CDP) in East Whiteland Township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located along US 30 between Exton and Malvern, and is the northern terminus for Pennsylvania Route 352. The former main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, currently owned and operated by Amtrak and also used by SEPTA, passes through Frazer. While no station is located there, SEPTA Frazer Yard is a maintenance facility for the Paoli/Thorndale Line regional rail service. In 2019, the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission conducted a feasibility study for a new SEPTA station in Frazer and recommended a location near Immaculata University.

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census, there were 3,635 people living in Frazer. The racial makeup of the CDP was 62.2% White, 2.3% African-American, 0.7% Native American, 24.7% Asian, 4.3% from some other race, and 5.8% from two or more races.

## Education

It is in the Great Valley School District.

## Notable people

* Erma Keyes (1926–1999), All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player; born in Frazer and graduated from Ursinus College.
* Jack Lapp, a Major League Baseball catcher from 1908-1916 who played for the 1911 World Series champion Philadelphia Athletics, was born in Frazer.
* Archimedes Robb (1814–1875), American politician from Pennsylvania
* It is the town where singer-songwriter Jim Croce is buried.
# Franz Lorinser

Carl Maria Franz Lorinser (12 March 1821 - 12 November 1893) was a German Catholic theologian, translator from Sanskrit and Spanish, and a writer on natural history.
Lorinser was born in Berlin where his father was Karl Ignatius, a physician. The family had moved to Oppeln, Upper Silesia where Franz went to school. He then went to Breslau and Munich to study theology. In 1842 he went to Rome to study in the seminary there. He was ordained by Cardinal Patrizi on December 23, 1843. Returning to Germany in 1844 he spent time in Munich and then worked as chaplain, later pastor in Breslau. He died at Breslau.
Lorinser writings included a seven part Book of Nature which covered, astronomy, geology, meteorology, botany and zoology. He translated several works from Spanish including the writings of Jacob Balmes. In 1869 he translated the Bhagavad-Gita into German, and considered the writings to have been drawn from Christian works.
# Miras International School, Almaty

Miras International School, Almaty is an international school providing both International Baccalaureate and Kazakh Curriculum in the foothills of Almaty, Kazakhstan.
# Miras International School Astana

Miras International School Astana is a K–12 international school in Astana, Kazakhstan.
The school opened its doors in 1999 and became the first international school in Kazakhstan authorized for all stages of the International Baccalaureate Programme (International Baccalaureate).
It includes a French section serving levels maternelle (preschool) through lycée (senior high school). It began classes in September 2011.
# Mirta Galesic

Mirta Galesic is a Croatian American psychologist who is the Cowan Chair in Human Social Dynamics at the Santa Fe Institute. She serves as a member of the faculty at the Complexity Science Hub Vienna.

## Early life and education

Galesic was born in Croatia. She was an undergraduate student at the University of Zagreb, where she studied psychology. She moved to the theory of marketing, and completed a master's degree. Galesic earned a doctorate in psychology at the University of Zagreb in 2004. In 2004, Galesic left Croatia and joined the University of Michigan, where she studied survey methodology. After completing her graduate studies, Galesic moved to the University of Maryland, College Park. She joined the Max Planck Institute for Human Development as a postdoctoral research fellow.

## Research and career

Galesic was appointed to the faculty at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in 2008. She remained in Berlin until 2015, when she was made Professor at the Santa Fe Institute.
Galesic investigates how cognitive mechanisms interact with their external environments to produce complex phenomena. She is interested in how cognitive bias in social judgements emerge. Additionally, Galesic has studied how people understand and process uncertainty, as well as how they make decisions. She has investigated how researchers can obtain reliable data from social networks. She calls her approach "human social sensing", that is, asking people to gather information on others in their social networks. She studied how Twitter users convey their political opinions, and found that in groups of similar thinking people, Twitter uses were more likely to overtly share their opinions, whilst when they were in mixed groups they were likely to use covert messaging. Alongside her work on securing accurate information from social media, Galesic studied hate and counterspeech on Twitter.

## Selected publications

* M. Galesic; M. Bosnjak (28 May 2009). "Effects of Questionnaire Length on Participation and Indicators of Response Quality in a Web Survey". Public Opinion Quarterly. 73 (2): 349–360. doi:10.1093/POQ/NFP031. ISSN 0033-362X. Wikidata Q59161914.
* S. Fricker (1 September 2005). "An Experimental Comparison of Web and Telephone Surveys". Public Opinion Quarterly. 69 (3): 370–392. doi:10.1093/POQ/NFI027. ISSN 0033-362X. Wikidata Q98853083.
* Lyndal J Trevena; Brian J Zikmund-Fisher; Adrian Edwards; et al. (29 November 2013). "Presenting quantitative information about decision outcomes: a risk communication primer for patient decision aid developers". BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. 13 Suppl 2: S7. doi:10.1186/1472-6947-13-S2-S7. ISSN 1472-6947. PMC 4045391. PMID 24625237. Wikidata Q30579901.
# Mirta Aguirre

Mirta Aguirre Carreras (18 October 1912 – 8 August 1980) was a Cuban poet, novelist, journalist. She has been called "the most important female academic and woman of letters in post-revolutionary Cuba".

## Life

Aguirre joined the Cuban Communist Party in 1932. She was a contributor to Juan Ramón Jiménez's 1936 anthology of Cuban poetry. In the early 1950s she was a regular contributor to the bi-monthly Mujeres cubana [Cuban Women]. Her poetry was influenced by the criollismo of Nicolás Guillen and García Lorca's idea of the 'Romancero gitano', which Aguirre adapted to tell stories of revolutionary achievement.

## Works

* Presencia interior [Interior Presence], 1938
* Influencia de la mujer en Iberoamerica [The Influence of Women In Latin America], 1948. Winner of the Iboamerican Floral Games.
* Juegos y otros poema, [Games and other poems], 1974
* "Juegos y otros Poemas," 1974
* "La Obra Narrativa de Cervantes," 1971, 1978
* Ayer de hoy [Yesterday of Today], 1980
# François Berthelot

François Berthelot, cartographer, hydrographer, and professor was one of a number of Marseille-based authors who extended man's knowledge of the Mediterranean Sea during the late 17th and early to mid 18th century. Other authors in this category include Henri Michelot, Laurens Bremond, Nicolas Therin, Joseph Roux (Senior and Junior (b. 1725) ) and Jacques Ayrouard.
Among François Berthelot's accomplishments are a four sheet map of the Mediterranean (1693) on which he is self-described as professor and hydrographer at the city of Marseilles. Berthelot also published a text on the theory of navigation in 1691.
# Frea rufina

Frea rufina is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1977.
# Frea nyassana

Frea nyassana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1914 and is known from Malawi. It feeds on Pinus patula.
# Frea mniszechi

Frea mniszechi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1858. It is known from Cameroon, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Ivory Coast, and the Republic of the Congo.
# Freawaru

Freawaru, introduced in l. 2020 of the poem Beowulf, is the daughter of King Hroðgar and Queen Wealhþeow.
Freawaru is a freoðuwebbe or peace-weaver (an important concept in the poem) who is married to Ingeld, King of the Heaðobards and son of Froda. This marriage was created as a means of ending a feud between the two kingdoms (due to the murder of Froda by the Danes). It was an unsuccessful attempt to end the feud. An old warrior urged the Heaðobards to revenge, and Beowulf predicts to Hygelac that Ingeld will turn against his father-in-law Hroðgar. In a version given in the Danish chronicle Gesta Danorum (see below), the old warrior appears as Starkad, and he succeeded in making Ingeld divorce his bride and in turning him against her family.

## Scandinavian sources

In Gesta Danorum (book 6), Freawaru also appears, but unnamed. Froda and Ingeld are rendered as Danish kings, in conflict with the Saxons, and Freawaru is a Saxon princess.
The Danish king Frotho (Froda) was killed through treachery by a Saxon named Swerting (Swertingus). Frotho's son Ingeld (Ingellus) lived a wanton life and married one of Swerting's daughters. This angered Starkad so much that he enlisted at the Swedish king Halfdan's (Haldanus) court instead. As Ingeld continued his sinful life and did not do his duty to avenge his father, Starkad appeared during a banquet that Ingeld had with the sons of Swerting, his father's slayer. Starkad strongly admonished Ingeld and humiliated his queen who tried to calm Starkad with kindness and her costly ribbon. Starkad succeeded in exciting Ingeld to kill Swerting's sons and to divorce his Saxon bride.
# Mischa Hausserman

Mischa Hausserman (October 31, 1941 – August 30, 2021) was an Austrian-born American film and television actor.
Hausserman was born in Vienna, Austria on October 31, 1941. He moved to the United States in 1965, and studied acting at the Herbert Berghof Studios, before attending New York University.
He died on August 30, 2021, at the age of 79.

## Filmography

* 1965: DM-Killer as Young Man (uncredited)
* 1966: Twelve O'Clock High (TV Series) as German Radioman
* 1966: Torn Curtain as Idealistic Young Man (uncredited)
* 1967: Combat! (TV Series) as Johann Schiller
* 1968: Counterpoint as (uncredited)
* 1968: In Enemy Country as (uncredited)
* 1971: Ironside (TV Series) as Anton Hlinka
* 1972: The Salzburg Connection as Lev Benedescu
* 1974: Situation as Michael (as Michael Hausserman)
* 1979: Survival Run as Helicopter Pilot
* 1979: Goldengirl as Pilot
* 1983: Voyagers! (TV Series) as German Broadcaster
* 1983: Scarecrow and Mrs. King (TV Series) as Ivan
* 1984: The Evil That Men Do as Karl Haussman
* 1985: Missing in Action 2: The Beginning as Kelly
* 1986: Murphy's Law as Detective Dave Manzarek
* 1987: Assassination as Danzig
* 1995: Die Hard with a Vengeance as Mischa
* 1996: Eraser as Airplane Captain (uncredited)
* 1996: Amanda as Dr. Knudsen
* 1999: The 13th Warrior as Rethel The Archer
* 1999: The Thomas Crown Affair as Jimmy
* 2002: Rollerball as Gold Coach (final film role)
# Berge, Brandenburg

Berge is a municipality in the Prignitz district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 897 | — |
| 1890 | 879 | −0.14% |
| 1910 | 963 | +0.46% |
| 1925 | 958 | −0.03% |
| 1933 | 963 | +0.07% |
| 1939 | 974 | +0.19% |
| 1946 | 1,760 | +8.82% |
| 1950 | 1,606 | −2.26% |
| 1964 | 1,368 | −1.14% |
| 1971 | 1,349 | −0.20% |
| 1981 | 1,203 | −1.14% |
| 1985 | 1,154 | −1.03% |
| 1989 | 1,090 | −1.42% |
| 1990 | 1,081 | −0.83% |
| 1991 | 1,048 | −3.05% |
| 1992 | 1,021 | −2.58% |
| 1993 | 1,004 | −1.67% |
| 1994 | 1,017 | +1.29% |
| 1995 | 1,002 | −1.47% |
| 1996 | 998 | −0.40% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1997 | 1,005 | +0.70% |
| 1998 | 992 | −1.29% |
| 1999 | 993 | +0.10% |
| 2000 | 1,004 | +1.11% |
| 2001 | 969 | −3.49% |
| 2002 | 951 | −1.86% |
| 2003 | 947 | −0.42% |
| 2004 | 917 | −3.17% |
| 2005 | 899 | −1.96% |
| 2006 | 871 | −3.11% |
| 2007 | 856 | −1.72% |
| 2008 | 827 | −3.39% |
| 2009 | 807 | −2.42% |
| 2010 | 793 | −1.73% |
| 2011 | 784 | −1.13% |
| 2012 | 767 | −2.17% |
| 2013 | 770 | +0.39% |
| 2014 | 760 | −1.30% |
| 2015 | 770 | +1.32% |
| 2016 | 771 | +0.13% |
# Franquelis Osoria

Franquelis Antonio Osoria (born September 12, 1981) is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher.

## Career

Osoria made his Major League Baseball debut with the Los Angeles Dodgers on June 7, 2005. In December 2006, he was claimed off waivers by the Pittsburgh Pirates. After spending most of the season with the Pirates' Triple-A club in Indianapolis, going 2-5 with a 2.63 ERA in 39 games as a reliever, he was called up by the Pirates on August 4, 2007. On July 31, 2008, he was designated for assignment after the Pirates traded Jason Bay for four players. On November 30, 2008, he signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals.
Like fellow reliever Antonio Alfonseca, Osoria has an extra digit on his throwing hand.
# Benner v. Oswald

Benner v. Oswald, 592 F.2d 174 (3d Cir. 1974), was a case about the voting rights of undergraduate students at a public American university.

## Facts

The board of trustees for the Pennsylvania State University was selected through a process involving several groups aside from the state executive branch (the governor) and the university. The groups included a society of the alumni of the university and local agricultural and industrial societies of Pennsylvania. A group of undergraduate students at the university sued desiring to be involved in the selection process for some of those seats currently selected through the society elections.

## Issue

The question presented by this case was whether the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires that undergraduate students be allowed to participate in the election of the Penn State Board of Trustees—thereby allowing them to have a voice in the board's makeup.

## Holding

The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the court held, did not require the undergraduate students be allowed to participate in the selection of the board of trustees. The court ruled that the selection process for the board does "serve important governmental objective" and is "substantially related to the achievement of those objectives". The court decided the election of members of the board of trustees was not equivalent to general elections and the issues addressed in Kramer v. Union School District and Hadley v. Junior College District of Kansas City were not germane. The court also reviewed whether the selection process was reasonable, and decided that it was, as the university sprang from "a land grant college committed to the teaching of agriculture and the mechanic arts."
# Fred Young

Fred Young may refer to:
* Fred Young (director) (1900–1977), Chinese-Indonesian filmmaker
* Fred Young (Ohio politician) (1932–2006), member of the Ohio House of Representatives
* Fred Young (Ontario politician) (1907–1993), Canadian politician
* Fred A. Young (1904–1973), New York politician and judge
* Fred E. Young (1919–2005), American biblical scholar
* Fred Young, better known as Fred Begay (1932–2013), Native American nuclear physicist
* Fred Young (businessman), American businessman
* Fred Young (New Zealand politician) (1888–1962), New Zealand hotel employee and manager, trade unionist, soldier and politician
* James Fred Young, seventh president of Elon University
* Fred Young, member of The Kentucky Headhunters
# Bentheim

Bentheim may refer to:

## Places

* County of Bentheim, a state of the Holy Roman Empire from ca. 1228 to 1806, located in present-day Lower Saxony, Germany, roughly contiguous with the modern County of Bentheim district
* County of Bentheim (district), a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany
* Bentheim Castle (Burg Bentheim), an early medieval castle in Bad Bentheim, Lower Saxony, Germany
* Bad Bentheim, a town in Lower Saxony, Germany in the district of Grafschaft Bentheim known as Bentheim until 1979
* Bentheim, a community within Overisel Township, Michigan, United States
Any of several historical political entities related to the County of Bentheim:
* Bentheim-Alpen (1606–1629)
* Bentheim-Bentheim, a county eventually comprising the County of Bentheim (1277–1530, 1643–1806)
* Bentheim-Steinfurt, a county located in the region surrounding Steinfurt (1454–1806)
* Bentheim-Limburg (1606–1632)
* Bentheim-Lingen (1450–1555)
* Bentheim-Tecklenburg (1277–1557)
* Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda (1606–1806)

## Animals

* Bentheimer Landschaf, a breed of domesticated sheep found in Germany
* Bentheim Black Pied pig, a breed of domestic pig found in Germany

## Art

* Bentheim Castle (Dublin), a 1653 oil on canvas painting by the Dutch painter Jacob van Ruisdael
# Bernadette Kunambi

Bernadette or Bernadeta Nemphombe Kunambi (born 2 June 1934) was a Tanzanian politician. She was National General Secretary of the YWCA, Chair of the Tanganyika Council of Women, and a Member of Parliament.

## Life

Bernadette Kunambi was born in Morogoro. She was educated at Mhonda Girls School from 1945 to 1948.
She married Patrick Kunambi (1916-2011), a Chief and TANU co-founder who was best friends with Julius Nyerere.
A Roman Catholic, Kunambi participated in the 1961 East Frican Lay Apostolate Meeting hosted by Bishop Blomjous at his Social Training Centre in Nyegezi. In 1969 she participated in the Seminar Study Year, a program to consider the Catholic Church in Tanzania in the light of Vatican II.
In 1969 Julius Nyerere appointed Kunambi, who had previously been working as a teacher, as Area Commissioner for Kilosa District.
In 1980 Kunambi criticized the church for its structural inequality and the ambiguity of its stance on women:
   in Africa, the woman as a human being [...] is often puzzled and even confused by Christianity as presented to her. What is puzzling is not the Bible as a whole, for what is in the Bible is very close to the traditional way of life in Africa today. It is not even the Gospel, for the message of our Lord is simple and straightforward: it is love and all that constitutes charity. The problem for women [...] is the set up of the CHurch as brought to Africa. It is the problem of finding herself at a loss to know what the place of the woman is in the Church. The Church teaches equality of all men (which includes women) before God, and yet the woman often finds herself a second class, if not a third class citizen in the Church.

## Works

* 'The Place of Women in the Christian Community', in Alyward Shorter (ed.) African Christian Spirituality, London: Chapman 1978, pp. 11–20