# 1970 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles

John Newcombe defeated Ken Rosewall in the final, 5–7, 6–3, 6–2, 3–6, 6–1 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1970 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon singles title and his third major singles title overall. Rosewall was attempting to complete the career Grand Slam.
Rod Laver was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the fourth round to Roger Taylor.

## Seeds

    01. Rod Laver (fourth round)
    02. John Newcombe (champion)
    03. Arthur Ashe (fourth round)
    04. Tony Roche (quarterfinals)
    05. Ken Rosewall (final)
    06. Željko Franulović (third round)
    07. Stan Smith (fourth round)
    08. Ilie Năstase (fourth round)
    09. Clark Graebner (quarterfinals)
    10. Roy Emerson (quarterfinals)
    11. Tom Okker (second round)
    12. Cliff Drysdale (third round)
    13. Jan Kodeš (first round)
    14. Andrés Gimeno (semifinals)
    15. Dennis Ralston (fourth round)
    16. Roger Taylor (semifinals)
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Finals

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 16 | Roger Taylor | 6 | 11 | 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Clark Graebner | 3 | 9 | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Clark Graebner | 3 | 9 | 10 | | | 16 | Roger Taylor | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 5 | Ken Rosewall | 6 | 4 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Tony Roche | 8 | 1 | 6 | 2 | | 5 | Ken Rosewall | 6 | 4 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Ken Rosewall | 10 | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Ken Rosewall | 10 | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | 5 | Ken Rosewall | 7 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 1 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | John Newcombe | 5 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 6 |
| | Bob Carmichael | 1 | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | John Newcombe | 5 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 6 |
| 14 | Andrés Gimeno | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 14 | Andrés Gimeno | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | 14 | Andrés Gimeno | 3 | 6 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 2 | John Newcombe | 6 | 8 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| 10 | Roy Emerson | 1 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 9 | 2 | John Newcombe | 6 | 8 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | John Newcombe | 6 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Top half
#### Section 1

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round |
| 1 | Rod Laver | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Butch Seewagen | 2 | 0 | 2 | | | 1 | R Laver | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Hans Kary | 5 | 6 | 3 | 4 | | | J Alexander | 1 | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | John Alexander | 7 | 3 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | 1 | R Laver | 6 | 3 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| | Herb Fitzgibbon | 6 | 6 | 7 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | F McMillan | 2 | 6 | 0 | 2 | | | | | | |
| | Bob Giltinan | 8 | 8 | 5 | 6 | | | R Giltinan | 6 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Frew McMillan | 7 | 6 | 11 | | | | F McMillan | 3 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jean-Loup Rouyer | 5 | 4 | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | R Laver | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| 16 | Roger Taylor | 1 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 16 | R Taylor | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| | Brian Fairlie | 6 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 16 | R Taylor | 3 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Haroon Rahim | w/o | | | | | | J Mukherjea | 6 | 3 | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jaidip Mukerjea | | | | | | | | | | | | | 16 | R Taylor | 8 | 17 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| Q | John Paish | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | C Pasarell | 6 | 15 | 4 | | | | | | | |
| | Milan Holeček | 6 | 6 | 4 | 7 | | | M Holeček | 1 | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Antonio Muñoz | 4 | 5 | 3 | | | | C Pasarell | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Charlie Pasarell | 6 | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Section 2

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round |
| 8 | Ilie Năstase | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Onny Parun | 8 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 8 | I Năstase | 7 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | István Gulyás | 2 | 8 | 4 | 4 | | C Richey | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cliff Richey | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | 8 | I Năstase | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | |
| | Terry Ryan | 9 | 6 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | | | T Ryan | 3 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 1 | | | | | | |
| Q | Peter Doerner | 7 | 4 | 6 | 3 | | T Ryan | 4 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Szabolcs Baranyi | 5 | 3 | 2 | | | Š Koudelka | 6 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Štěpán Koudelka | 7 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8 | I Năstase | 3 | 0 | 6 | 3 |
| 9 | Clark Graebner | 6 | 6 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9 | C Graebner | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 |
| | Harald Elschenbroich | 3 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 9 | C Graebner | 4 | 14 | 6 | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Sergei Likhachev | 6 | 2 | 4 | | | I Țiriac | 6 | 12 | 2 | 0$^r$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ion Țiriac | 8 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | 9 | C Graebner | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | Derek Schroder | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | P Lall | 0 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | |
| | Pancho Guzmán | 2 | 2 | 0 | | | D Schroder | 4 | 4 | 9 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Guillermo Vilas | 1 | 2 | 4 | | | P Lall | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Premjit Lall | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Section 3

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round |
| 4 | Tony Roche | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Bob Maud | 1 | 4 | 2 | | | 4 | A Roche | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Q | Roger Dowdeswell | 7 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | | R Ruffels | 4 | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ray Ruffels | 5 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | 4 | A Roche | 6 | 9 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| | Andrew Pattison | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | | M Cox | 2 | 7 | 3 | | | | | | | |
| | Erik van Dillen | 6 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 3 | | A Pattison | 3 | 4 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Hank Irvine | 2 | 6 | 3 | 4 | | | M Cox | 6 | 6 | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Mark Cox | 6 | 4 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | A Roche | 6 | 8 | 6 | 6 |
| 13 | Jan Kodeš | 2 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | M Riessen | 4 | 10 | 4 | 2 |
| | Alex Metreveli | 6 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 7 | | A Metreveli | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | František Pála | 4 | 4 | 2 | | | | JE Mandarino | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | José Edison Mandarino | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | JE Mandarino | 6 | 5 | 5 | 1 | | | | | | |
| | Gene Scott | 8 | 6 | 14 | | | | | | | | | | M Riessen | 4 | 7 | 7 | 6 | | | | | | |
| Q | Rauty Krog | 6 | 2 | 12 | | | | E Scott | 4 | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jim McManus | 0 | 2 | 2 | | | | M Riessen | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Marty Riessen | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Section 4

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round |
| 5 | Ken Rosewall | 6 | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Q | Colin Dibley | 3 | 5 | 4 | | | 5 | K Rosewall | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Patrick Proisy | 8 | 10 | 3 | 4 | | | J-C Barclay | 2 | 1 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jean-Claude Barclay | 6 | 12 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | 5 | K Rosewall | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| | Patricio Cornejo | 8 | 4 | 18 | 5 | 6 | | | | | | | | | T Addison | 2 | 4 | 0 | | | | | | |
| | Bill Bowrey | 6 | 6 | 16 | 7 | 8 | | W Bowrey | 8 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Terry Addison | 3 | 10 | 12 | 6 | | | T Addison | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Barry Phillips-Moore | 6 | 8 | 10 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | K Rosewall | 6 | 6 | 3 | 7 |
| 12 | Cliff Drysdale | 7 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | T Gorman | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 |
| | Fred Stolle | 5 | 11 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 12 | C Drysdale | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nikola Špear | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | N Špear | 4 | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Taghi Akbari | 2 | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | 12 | C Drysdale | 3 | 3 | 2 | | | | | | |
| | Tom Gorman | 6 | 8 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | T Gorman | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| | Jean-Baptiste Chanfreau | 2 | 6 | 5 | | | | T Gorman | 6 | 4 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Q | Peter Curtis | 6 | 6 | 1 | 6 | | Q | P Curtis | 2 | 6 | 4 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jim Osborne | 3 | 3 | 6 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Bottom half
#### Section 5

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round |
| | Bob Lutz | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Georges Goven | 6 | 3 | 3 | 4 | | R Lutz | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Patrick Hombergen | 2 | 3 | 2 | | | P Dent | 2 | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Phil Dent | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | R Lutz | 6 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 3 | | | | |
| | Bob Hewitt | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | R Hewitt | 1 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 6 | | | | |
| | Daniel Contet | 2 | 3 | 4 | | | R Hewitt | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jørgen Ulrich | 9 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 11 | T Okker | 3 | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 11 | Tom Okker | 11 | 4 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | R Hewitt | 4 | 7 | 2 |
| | Bob Carmichael | 3 | 10 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | R Carmichael | 6 | 9 | 6 |
| | Chauncey Steele | 6 | 8 | 3 | 1 | | R Carmichael | 4 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Dick Crealy | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | R Crealy | 6 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| LL | Eduardo Zuleta | 3 | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | R Carmichael | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| | Keith Diepraam | 7 | 13 | 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 | Z Franulović | 3 | 2 | 0 | | | | | | |
| | Richard Russell | 5 | 11 | 2 | | | K Diepraam | 3 | 4 | 6 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | David Lloyd | 2 | 4 | 4 | | 6 | Z Franulović | 6 | 6 | 2 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Željko Franulović | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Section 6

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round |
| | Petre Mărmureanu | 2 | 5 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Torben Ulrich | 6 | 7 | 6 | | | | T Ulrich | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Koji Watanabe | 5 | 3 | 6 | 3 | | | I Buding | 2 | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ingo Buding | 7 | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | T Ulrich | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | | | | | |
| | Bobby Wilson | 3 | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | 14 | A Gimeno | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | Allan Stone | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | A Stone | 5 | 6 | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Pierre Barthès | 6 | 1 | 4 | 2 | | 14 | A Gimeno | 7 | 4 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 14 | Andrés Gimeno | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 14 | A Gimeno | 7 | 7 | 6 |
| | Stanley Matthews | 4 | 10 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | A Ashe | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| | Ismail El Shafei | 6 | 12 | 8 | | | | I El Shafei | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Dimitri Sturdza | 4 | 4 | 9 | 4 | | | L Hoad | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Lew Hoad | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | I El Shafei | 3 | 1 | 6 | 0 | | | | | |
| | Nikola Pilić | 4 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | 3 | A Ashe | 6 | 6 | 2 | 6 | | | | | |
| | Gerald Battrick | 6 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 3 | | N Pilić | 7 | 13 | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Graham Stilwell | 3 | 2 | 1 | | | 3 | A Ashe | 9 | 11 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Arthur Ashe | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Section 7

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round |
| Q | John Bartlett | 7 | 2 | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jack Saul | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | J Saul | 3 | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Byron Bertram | 6 | 1 | 6 | 6 | | | B Bertram | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | François Jauffret | 4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | B Bertram | 10 | 0 | 3 | 1 | | | | | | |
| | Toomas Leius | 3 | 4 | 9 | | | | | | | | | 10 | R Emerson | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| | Jan Leschly | 6 | 6 | 11 | | | | J Leschly | 3 | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Anatoli Volkov | 4 | 2 | 0 | | | 10 | R Emerson | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 10 | Roy Emerson | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10 | R Emerson | 2 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Q | Syd Ball | 2 | 2 | 9 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 7 | S Smith | 6 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| | Manuel Orantes | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | | | M Orantes | 3 | 11 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Bernard Montrenaud | 2 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 5 | | J Kukal | 6 | 9 | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jan Kukal | 6 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 7 | | | | | | | | M Orantes | 6 | 3 | 6 | 3 | | | | | | |
| | Hans-Joachim Plötz | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | 7 | S Smith | 4 | 6 | 8 | 6 | | | | | | |
| Q | Stephen Warboys | 4 | 4 | 4 | | | | H-J Plötz | 2 | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jaime Fillol | 5 | 6 | 3 | 4 | | 7 | S Smith | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 7 | Stan Smith | 7 | 2 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Section 8

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round | Fourth round |
| | Martin Mulligan | 5 | 1 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Joaquín Loyo Mayo | 7 | 6 | 8 | | | | J Loyo Mayo | 3 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Q | Allan McDonald | 7 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 4 | | V Korotkov | 6 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Vladimir Korotkov | 5 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | J Loyo Mayo | 0 | 0 | 1 | | | | | |
| | John Clifton | 4 | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | 15 | D Ralston | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | Ian Fletcher | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | I Fletcher | 6 | 3 | 5 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nicola Pietrangeli | w/o | | | | | 15 | D Ralston | 4 | 6 | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 15 | Dennis Ralston | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 15 | D Ralston | 12 | 7 | 2 |
| | Adriano Panatta | 1 | 3 | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | J Newcombe | 14 | 9 | 6 |
| | Owen Davidson | 6 | 6 | 5 | 8 | | | O Davidson | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ray Moore | 9 | 4 | 6 | 1 | | | R Holmberg | 4 | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ronnie Holmberg | 11 | 6 | 2 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | O Davidson | 7 | 3 | 5 | | | | | |
| | Ray Keldie | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | | 2 | J Newcombe | 9 | 6 | 7 | | | | | |
| | Nicholas Kalogeropoulos | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | N Kalogeropoulos | 1 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Roy Barth | 2 | 3 | 4 | | | 2 | J Newcombe | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | John Newcombe | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |