OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1788 in science

The year 1788 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Astronomy

* December 21 – Caroline Herschel discovers the periodic comet 35P/Herschel–Rigollet.

## Biology

* Dr. Edward Jenner publishes his observation that it is the newly hatched common cuckoo which pushes its host's eggs and chicks out of the nest.
* James E. Smith founds the Linnean Society of London.
* Utamaro publishes Ehon Mushi Erami ("Picture Book of Crawling Creatures") in Japan with color illustrations.
* Thomas Walter publishes Flora Caroliniana, the first flora of North America to follow Linnaean taxonomy.
* Gilbert White publishes The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, in the County of Southampton (dated 1789), a pioneering observational study of English ecology.

## Earth sciences

* James Hutton's Theory of the Earth; or an Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe is published for the first time, in Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

## Mechanics

* Lagrange's Mécanique analytique is published in Paris, introducing Lagrangian mechanics.

## Medicine

* December 5 – Rev. Dr. Francis Willis is called in to advise on treatment of the mental condition of King George III of the United Kingdom.

## Technology

* February 1 – Isaac Briggs and William Longstreet patent a steamboat in the United States.
* October 14 – William Symington demonstrates a paddle steamer on Dalswinton Loch in Scotland.

## Awards

* Copley Medal: Charles Blagden

## Births

* March 7 – Antoine César Becquerel, French scientist (died 1878)
* March 22 – Pierre Joseph Pelletier, French chemist (died 1842)
* April 18 – Charlotte Murchison, Scottish geologist (died 1869)
* May 10 – Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist (died 1827)
* July 1 – Jean-Victor Poncelet, French mechanical and military engineer and mathematician (died 1867)
* July 23 – Prideaux John Selby, English ornithologist (died 1867)
* September 12 – Charlotte von Siebold, German gynecologist (died 1859)
* October 14 – Edward Sabine, Anglo Irish physicist, astronomer and explorer (died 1883)
* December 21 – Thomas Southwood Smith, English physician and sanitary reformer (died 1861)
* James Murray, Irish physician (died 1871)

## Deaths

* April 16 – Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist (born 1707)
* May 8 – Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, Italian-Austrian naturalist (born 1723)
* October 17 – John Brown, Scottish-born physician (born 1735)
* December 6 - Nicole-Reine Lepaute, French astronomer (born 1723)
* Lucia Galeazzi Galvani, Italian scientist (born 1743)
* approx. date – Moses Harris, English entomologist and engraver (born 1730)
# Octave Parent

Abbé Octave Parent (15 June 1882, in Trescault – 9 February 1942, in Ambleteuse) was a French entomologist who specialized in Diptera, mostly the family Dolichopodidae. He became director of the Biological Station, Ambleteuse.
He published three papers, dated 1934, 1937 and 1940, concerning twenty-six new species of Hawaiian Campsicnemus. The type specimens of all the species described in the 1937 paper were deposited in the collection of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. The species Sigmatineurum parenti, found in Hawaii, is named in memory of Parent, "in honor of his foundational work with Hawaiian dolichopodids and for describing the genus Sigmatineurum".

## Publications

Parent published numerous works from 1913 onwards, including:
* Parent, O. (1928). Etude sur les diptères dolichopodides exotiques conservès au Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und Zoologisches Museum de Hambourg. Zoologisches Staatsinstitut u. Zoolog. Museum.
* Parent, O. (1928). Contribution à la faune diptérologique de l'Espagne. Museo.
* Parent, O. (1931). Diptères Dolichopodides de l'Amérique du Sud: espèces nouvelles figurant dans la collection Schnuse conservée aux Staatliche museen für tierkunde und völkerkunde zu Dresden (Vol. 18). BG Teubner.
* Parent, O. (1932). Etude sur les types de Bigot (Dipteres, Dolichopodides). In Annales de la Société Scientifique de Bruxelles ser. B (Vol. 52, No. pt 1, pp. 215–231).
* Parent, O. (1933). Nouvelle étude sur les Diptères Dolichopodides de la région Australienne.
* Parent, O. (1933). Étude monographique sur les diptères dolichopodides de Nouvelle-Zélande.
* Parent, O., & Parent, O. (1938). Diptères dolichopodidae. Lechevalier. Éditions Faune de France 35. 720 p., 1.002 fig. Bibliotheque Virtuelle Numerique pdf
# Freyeria minuscula

Freyeria minuscula is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found on Madagascar. The habitat consists of transformed grassland.
# Nagalkuzhi

Nagalkuzhi is a village in the Sendurai taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India. The village has a famous Sivan temple built in the 19th century.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Nagalkuzhi had a total population of 3379 with 1655 males and 1724 females.
# Gannay-sur-Loire

Gannay-sur-Loire (French pronunciation:, literally Gannay on Loire) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.
# 1606 in art

Events from the year 1606 in art.

## Events

* May 29 – Caravaggio kills a young man in a brawl in Rome.

## Works

* Caravaggio, Supper at Emmaus
* Caravaggio, Saint Francis in Prayer
* Caravaggio, Portrait of Pope Paul V
* Caravaggio, Saint Jerome Writing
* Caravaggio, Death of the Virgin
* Caravaggio, Madonna di Loreto
* Rubens, Portrait of Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria
* Caravaggio
** Death of the Virgin (1604-1606)
** Madonna di Loreto (1604-1606)
** Mary Magdalen in Ecstasy
** Portrait of Pope Paul V (1605-1606)
** Saint Francis in Prayer
** Saint Jerome Writing
** Supper at Emmaus (Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan)
* John de Critz (attrib.) – James VI and I (approximate date)
* Frans Francken the Younger – The Witches' Sabbath
* Peter Paul Rubens
** The Judgement of Paris (approximate date)
** Portraits of
*** Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria
*** Marchesa Maria Serra Pallavicino

## Births

* February 27 – Laurent de La Hire, French painter (died 1656)
* April – Jan Davidsz de Heem, Dutch painter (died 1683)
* May 3 – Lorenzo Lippi, Italian painter and poet (died 1664)
* May 12 – Joachim von Sandrart, German art-historian and painter (died 1688)
* July 15 – Rembrandt, Dutch painter (died 1669)
** date unknown
** Theodoor van Thulden, Dutch artist from 's-Hertogenbosch in North Brabant (died 1669)
** Charles Errard, French painter, architect and engraver (died 1689)
** Giacinto Gimignani, Italian painter, active mainly in Rome, during the Baroque period (died 1681)
** Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi, Italian architect and painter (died 1680)
** Pieter Quast, Dutch painter (died 1647)
** Pietro Ricchi, Italian painter of the altarpiece for a church in Lucca (died 1675)
* probable
** (born 1606/1611): Viviano Codazzi, Italian painter of landscapes or vedute (died 1672)
** (born 1606/1608): Johannes Bosschaert, member of the Bosschaert family of still life painters (born 1628/1629)
** Joan Carlile, née Palmer, English professional portrait painter (died 1679)
** Isaack Gilsemans, Dutch merchant and artist (died 1646)
** Anthonie Jansz. van der Croos, Dutch painter (died 1661)

## Deaths

* August 6 – Ottaviano Nonni, Italian architect, sculptor, and painter (born 1536)
* September 2 – Karel van Mander, Flemish painter, poet and biographer (born 1548)
* date unknown
** Tiziano Aspetti, Italian sculptor (born c.1557/1559)
** Andrea Boscoli, Florentine painter (born c.1550/60)
** Giovanni Maria Butteri, Italian painter primarily of frescoes (born 1540)
** Alessandro Casolano, Italian painter primarily working in Siena (born 1552)
** Giovanni Battista Fiammeri, Florentine Jesuit painter (born 1530)
** Lodovico Leoni, Italian painter mainly active in Rome (born 1531)
** Jan Vermeyen, Dutch goldsmith of the Renaissance Mannerism (born 1559)
* probable - Paolo Farinati, Italian painter of the Mannerist style (born 1524)
# Matches (Sammy Kershaw song)

"Matches" is a song recorded by American country music artist Sammy Kershaw. It was released in March 1998 as the second single from the album Labor of Love. The song reached #22 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Skip Ewing and Roger Springer.

## Content

The song is about a man who meets a woman at a bar, where he offers to light her cigarette with a book of matches. Later on, the two break up, and the man uses the matches to burn down the bar where they met.

## Music video

The music video debuted on CMT on February 25, 1998. Kershaw came up with the video's concept himself, and Deaton-Flanigen Productions directed it. The video retells the song's story, using a lounge in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, to represent the bar's interior, and another bar in Hartsville, Tennessee, to represent the exterior. The actor who portrays the song's narrator sets the bar ablaze and then exits unharmed as the bar catches fire. According to Kershaw, he nearly canceled the video shoot after another building in Hartsville caught fire the same day, but was encouraged by the city's mayor to proceed with the shoot.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1998) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 22 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 30 |
# Odell Lake (Arizona)

Odell Lake is a small, shallow reservoir in the Northern Arizona community of Munds Park. The lake is formed by a small earthen dam along Munds Creek and provides habitat for a number of migratory and non-migratory birds, including bald eagles. A majority of the lake shore is private property. Maintenance of the lake, along with the dam, is carried out by Pinewood Country Club. By the lake's southeastern shore is under the jurisdiction of the Coconino National Forest.

## Recreation

Odell Lake is a popular local fishing spot for crappie, northern pike and bullhead catfish. The lake can also be used for tubing, kayaking and canoeing. There are numerous hiking trails leading to and from the lake's southeastern shore.
# 140th Mixed Brigade

The 140th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army created during the Spanish Civil War. Throughout the war it operated on the fronts of Aragon, Segre, Ebro and Catalonia.

## History

The unit was created in May 1937, originally as a reserve force of the Eastern Army, although later it was integrated into the 32nd Division of the XI Army Corps. It was under the command of Humberto Gil Cabrera, with Manuel Tió Vila as chief of staff and with Luis Deltell Bernal as commissar. Once the brigade finished its training phase, the command passed to Rodolfo Bosch Pearson, but he ended up being replaced by Eusebio Sanz after Bosch was prosecuted for the execution of some militiamen from the POUM. Subsequently, the 140th Mixed Brigade was assigned to the 33rd Division in order to take part in the Battle of Brunete, although in the end the brigade remained located in Tarragona without taking part in the Brunete operations.
In March 1938, after the start of the Aragon Offensive, it was assigned to the 24th Division and sent as reinforcement to the threatened sector; However, on March 11 the brigade withdrew from Pina until it reached Fraga, on the March 26. Some elements of the 140th Mixed Brigade participated in the defense of Lleida, but after the fall of the city they crossed the river and withdrew towards Llardecans. It was subjected to a reorganization, being added to the 44th Division.
On September 13, the 140th Mixed Brigade was sent to the Ebro front, as a reinforcement of the republican forces in this sector. On September 19 it relieved the 227th Mixed Brigade in the area northwest of La Pobla de Massaluca, the position in which it remained until October 6 - when it was replaced by the XIII International Brigade. Unlike other Republican units, in this period the 140th Mixed Brigade did not participate in heavy fighting. Three days later, on October 9, it had to return to the battle front in the area of Venta de Camposines. On October 15 it had to withstand a strong enemy onslaught, although it maintained its positions at the cost of some casualties — notably the death of the chief of the 560th battalion, Vicente Sagarduy. On November 8, during the last nationalist counteroffensive, the 140th Mixed Brigade was encircled by its company of machine guns and by a company of the 559th Battalion, which resulted in serious casualties. Three days later, due to the withdrawal of the 226th Mixed Brigade, it suffered a new enemy encirclement that caused heavy losses to the unit; severely broken, on the November 13 it crossed the Ebro through the Flix area.
Once again attached to the 44th Division, it was assigned to the Serós bridgehead sector. However, after the start of the Catalonia Offensive the brigade had to withdraw. By January 13, 1939 it was defending the Sierra de Prades, but after the fall of Tarragona it withdrew towards the French border.

## Command
### Commanders

* Humberto Gil Cabrera;
* Rodolfo Bosch Pearson;
* Eusebio Sanz;
* José Peirats Almela;

### Commissars

* Luis Deltell Bernal, of the PSUC;
* Ángel Marcos Salas, of the CNT;
# Living Things (band)

Living Things is an American punk rock band from St. Louis, Missouri. The band consists of the brothers Lillian Berlin (vocals/guitar), Eve Berlin (bass), and Bosh Berlin (drums), and Cory Becker (guitar).

## History

Brothers Lillian Berlin (born Lawrence Rothman), Eve Berlin (born Justin Yves Rothman and sometimes known as Yves Berlin), and Bosh Berlin (born Joshua Rothman) grew up in the suburbs of St. Louis. Future Living Things guitarist Cory Becker was a childhood friend. The band self-released two early EPs produced by Steve Albini, and gained the attention of several record labels. They first signed with Dreamworks Records, which released the album Black Skies in Broad Daylight in 2004, but the label then went bankrupt. Geffen Records also spent money to develop the band but then dropped them due to their controversial, politicized concert performances. They eventually signed with Jive Records.
Living Things released the critically acclaimed album Ahead of the Lions in 2005. Produced by Steve Albini, the album ranked #42 on Rolling Stone Magazine's top 50 albums of the year. The single "Bom Bom Bom" reached #21 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart. Lillian Berlin published the book Postmortem Bliss via Apocrypha Press, describing his teenage years in which he was diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and became addicted to anti-depressants. The book was adapted into a short film directed by Floria Sigismondi and broadcast on Turner Classic Movies in 2006.
Living Things released the album Habeas Corpus in 2009. Also in 2009, Eve Berlin participated in a photo shoot with fashion designer Roberto Cavalli. In 2010 Lillian Berlin composed the original score for the film The Runaways. Living Things self-released a series of songs in 2010 and announced an upcoming triple album, though that album never appeared. They released a controversial video for the song "Har Megiddo" featuring a man having sexual intercourse with his car. Lillian Berlin stated that Ray Kurzweil's philosophy on "singularity" and society's love of machines were the inspirations for the video.
The band ended regular activities in 2011. Lillian Berlin launched a solo career as a singer-songwriter under their given name Lawrence Rothman. In January 2020 Living Things regrouped for the single "Take No Prisoners", a collaboration with Sunflower Bean for the film The Turning. In May 2020 Living Things released their first new music in more than ten years, the three-song EP Shapeshifter, which was co-produced by Steve Albini.

## Members

* Lillian Berlin - vocals, guitar
* Eve Berlin - bass
* Bosh Berlin - drums
* Cory Becker - guitar

## Discography

* ADHD (2001)
* Turn in Your Friends and Neighbors (EP, 2002)
* Resight Your Rights (EP, 2004)
* Black Skies in Broad Daylight (2004)
* Ahead of the Lions (2005)
* Habeas Corpus (2009)
* Shapeshifter (EP, 2020)
# Hadlow Cricket Club

Hadlow Cricket Club was one of the early English cricket clubs, formed in the early to mid eighteenth century. Hadlow is a village in the Medway valley near Tonbridge in Kent.

## The historic club

A cricket club at Hadlow was known to exist during the 18th century and players from it known to have played during the 1747 English cricket season. F S Ashley-Cooper referred to a quote which described it as "a famous parish for cricket". The Penny London Post reported that a match was to be played between the club and Dartford Cricket Club as "the deciding match". Five players from the club played five from Slindon Cricket Club during the same year.
The last mention of the original Hadlow club is a match against Addington Cricket Club in 1751.

## The modern club

Cricket is still played at Hadlow. The modern club was first mentioned in 1819 and the present ground is located off Common Road, to the north of the village. The pavilion dates from 1864 and cost £42.10s to build. The club fields teams in the Kent County Village League.
# GOES 4

GOES-4, known as GOES-D before becoming operational, was a geostationary weather satellite which was operated by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as part of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite system. Launched in 1980, it was used for weather forecasting in the United States, and later in Europe. Following its retirement it became the first satellite to be sent into a graveyard orbit.

## Limited lifespan

GOES-4 was built by Hughes Space and Communications, and was based around the HS-371 satellite bus. At launch it had a mass of 660 kilograms (1,460 lb), with an expected operational lifespan of around seven years. It was the first HS-371 based GOES satellite.

## Launch and orbit

GOES-D was launched using a Delta 3914 carrier rocket flying from Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The launch occurred at 22:27 GMT on 9 September 1980. The launch successfully placed GOES-D into a geosynchronous transfer orbit, from which it raised itself to geostationary orbit by means of an onboard Star-27 apogee motor. Its insertion into geostationary orbit occurred at 12:00 on 11 September.
Following its insertion into geostationary orbit, GOES-4 was positioned at 98° West. In 1981, it was moved to 135° West, where it remained until 1983 when it was moved to 139° West (1983–1984). In 1985 it was repositioned at 10° West, and later 44° West, where it provided coverage of Europe for EUMETSAT following the failure of the Meteosat-2 spacecraft.

## Graveyard orbit

Following the end of its operations over Europe, GOES-4 was retired from service. It became the first spacecraft to be raised out of geosynchronous orbit, into a graveyard orbit for disposal. This was accomplished on 9 November 1988, using remaining propellent in the satellite's station-keeping thrusters.
# Matthew 28:17

Matthew 28:17 is the seventeenth verse of the twenty-eighth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. This verse is part of the resurrection narrative, recording a meeting of the risen Jesus with the disciples.

## Content

The original Koine Greek, according to Westcott and Hort/[NA27 and UBS4 variants], reads:
    17: καὶ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν προσεκύνησαν, οἱ δὲ ἐδίστασαν.
In the King James Version of the Bible it is translated as:
    17: And when they saw him, they worshipped him: but some doubted.
The modern World English Bible translates the passage as:
    17: When they saw him, they bowed down to him, but some doubted.

## Analysis

The verse states briefly that "they saw him", then "they worshipped him", concluded by a puzzling phrase "but some doubted" (hoi de edistasan). The Greek root word for "doubted" is distazō, which is only used here and in Matthew 14:31 when Jesus rebuked Simon Peter for having "doubt" after he lost his confidence during his walk on the water toward Jesus. The "doubt" here does not denote intellectual disbelief ("refuse to believe"), but "hesitation". R. T. France notes that "hesitation" is linked with "worship" both in this verse and in chapter 14 ("hesitation" in Matthew 14:31; "worship" in Matthew 14:33).
The Greek word translated as "worshipped" comes from the verb proskuneó, indicating 'the homage and prostration before a king'. It occurs twelve times in the Gospel of Matthew, whereas it is found only twice each in the Gospel of Mark and in the Gospel of Luke.
# Lizzie West

Lizzie West (born 1973) is an American singer and songwriter. She busked in the subways of New York City and traveled across the United States, before recording her debut album, Holy Road. She released the single "19 Miles to Baghdad" in 2004 during the Iraq War. Her second album was I Pledge Allegiance to Myself.

## Early life

Lizzie West was born in 1973 in Brooklyn, New York. West spent most of her early adult life traveling across the United States while writing stories and plays. She moved to London when she was 18. After returning to America four years later, in 1995, she purchased her first guitar from a pawn shop in Nashville. Upon returning to New York City the following year, she began performing her songs on street corners, subways, and her sister's bar, the Stinger, in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.

## Career

West's first tour of the United States came in the summer of 2000 in which she performed in bars and small clubs. Her song "Holy Road" also appeared in a commercial directed by Spike Lee. After touring again in April 2001 with the Kenny Wayne Shepherd Band and Double Trouble, she caught the attention of an A&R representative for major label Warner Bros. Records. A multi-album recording deal with Warner Bros. Records was made in August 2001.
Some of her songs have been featured in television shows and films. The 2002 film Secretary featured Chariots Rise on its soundtrack. The song was re-recorded for the film, with the lyrics "What a fool am I/To fall so in love" changed to "What grace have I/To fall so in love", as requested by director Steven Shainberg. The HBO feature Rock the Boat included the songs Dusty Turnaround and Sometime. Sometime was also used in commercials advertising the show Dawson's Creek in 2003. NBC's Third Watch and ABC's Alias featured the song Prayer, while Doctor was used in the WB drama Everwood.
Her debut album, Holy Road: Freedom Songs, was released in 2003 on Warner Bros. Records. This album earned her the title of Breakout Artist of the Year by both AOL and Entertainment Weekly. It was recorded with her former band, the Gangs of Kosmos. Popular songs on the album include Dusty Turnaround, Sometime, and Holy Road.
Her second album, I Pledge Allegiance To Myself, was released in 2006 by Appleseed Records. A film entitled Holy Road: The Movie which describes Lizzie West, her touring, personal experiences, and musical career was in production around the time of her first album release. However, this project was likely abandoned since her departure from Warner Bros. Records.
Lizzie West was also involved in a podcast called The Holy Road Medicine Show with her husband, Baba. West was also involved with a webcast called "This Abundant Life" with her husband, Baba.

## Discography
### Albums

* Holy Road: Freedom Songs (2003)
* I Pledge Allegiance to Myself (2006) - feat. the White Buffalo (Anthony Kieraldo)
* The Tumbleweed Cabaret: Dream #1 (2008)

### Extended plays

* West (2002)
* Chariots Rise (2009)
* Thank You for Giving Us... (2011)

### Singles

* "Holy Road" (1999)
# Odessa/Strawberry Lakes Aerodrome

Odessa/Strawberry Lakes Aerodrome (TC LID: CSL7) is located 5.2 nautical miles (9.6 km; 6.0 mi) north-northeast of Odessa, Saskatchewan, Canada.