OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mecca Time

Mecca Time was a proposed time standard that uses the line of longitude that goes through Mecca, Saudi Arabia (39°49′34″ E of the Greenwich Meridian) as its Prime Meridian. A clock based on this meridian would be at approximately UTC+02:39:18.3.
The proposal was made by Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi and other Muslim clerics meeting in Doha, Qatar on April 21, 2008 for a conference titled "Mecca: the Center of the Earth, Theory and Practice".

## Qatar conference

The "Mecca: the Center of the Earth, Theory and Practice" conference was organized and attended by Muslim theologians and other religious officials from across the world. The Qatar meeting was the culmination of efforts to seek answers for scientific questions from the Qur'an and other Islamic scriptures – a trend called "Ijaz al-Qur'an" (Miraculous nature of the Qur'an). The conference promoted the belief that Islamic scripture also revealed scientific details, with Islamic scholars seeking to unearth and publicize the textual evidence.
The conference revived a decades-old controversial issue, contending that the Greenwich Meridian was imposed by the United Kingdom and Western civilization during the colonial period and that Islam, unlike other religions, does not contradict science. One of the contentions was that unlike other longitudes, Mecca was in perfect alignment with the magnetic north. Muslim clerics hail this as evidence of the greatness of the qibla—the direction determined to be towards Mecca that Muslims across the world must turn towards while reciting prayers.

## Mecca clock

On 11 August 2010, (1 Ramadan, AH 1431), the large clock at Abraj Al Bait started to operate. Some Muslims hoped that this would establish "Mecca Time" as the world's defining time zone. While officials had originally expressed the conviction that the clock might help to establish Mecca as a prime meridian, it was instead set to Arabia Standard Time (UTC+3).

## Criticism

It is not clear what the speakers at the conference meant by "perfect alignment with the North Magnetic Pole". As the geomagnetic field of the earth continuously changes the deviation of the compass needle from true north (known as the magnetic declination) also slowly changes. In the past, there were periods when the compass needle at Mecca pointed true north (and there will be future periods when this is true again) but at the moment the line of no compass deviation is located somewhat to the southeast of Mecca. In 2023 the (predicted) magnetic declination of Mecca is 3.6° East and will continue to increase at about +0.04° per year.
During the 1884 International Meridian Conference, when Greenwich was established as the initial meridian, the Ottoman Empire, at that time controlling Mecca, voted with the majority for Greenwich.
# Lakshmipur Assembly constituency

Lakshmipur Vidhan Sabha constituency was one of the 425 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh state in central India. It was a part of the Maharajganj district and one of the assembly constituencies in the Maharajganj Lok Sabha constituency. Lakshmipur Assembly constituency came into existence in 1967 and ceased to exist in 2008 as a result of "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008".

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1967 | Raghuraj Singh | Bharatiya Jana Sangh |
| 1969 | Ram Lagan Dubey | Indian National Congress |
| 1974 | Abdul Rauf Lari | Bharatiya Kranti Dal |
| 1977 | Abdul Rauf Lari | Janata Party |
| 1980 | Virendra Pratap Shahi | Independent |
| 1985 | Virendra Pratap Shahi | Independent |
| 1989 | Amarmani Tripathi | Indian National Congress |
| 1991 | Kunwar Akhilesh Singh | Janata Party |
| 1993 | Kunwar Akhilesh Singh | Samajwadi Party |
| 1996 | Amarmani Tripathi | Indian National Congress |
| 2002 | Amarmani Tripathi | Bahujan Samaj Party |
| 2007 | Amarmani Tripathi | Samajwadi Party |
| 2012 onwards : See Nautanwa ||||
# Donja Obrijež

Donja Obrijež is a village in Croatia.
# Dwight Mission

Dwight Mission may refer to:
* Dwight Mission, Oklahoma, a census-designated place
* Dwight Presbyterian Mission, an early mission to the Cherokee Nation
# Holsbybrunn

Holsbybrunn is a locality situated in Vetlanda Municipality, Jönköping County, Sweden with 729 inhabitants in 2010. Ädelfors folkhögskola is located in Holsbybrunn. An international English speaking Bible School affiliated with Torchbearers International is also located in the locality as well as YWAM Småland, which runs a Discipleship Training School every year.
# I/O System

I/O System may refer to:
   * I/O System (86-DOS), the DOS-BIOS specifically in 86-DOS
   * I/O System (MS-DOS), the DOS-BIOS specifically in MS-DOS
# I/O Acceleration Technology

I/O Acceleration Technology (I/OAT) is a DMA engine (an embedded DMA controller) by Intel bundled with high-end server motherboards, that offloads memory copies from the main processor by performing direct memory accesses (DMA). It is typically used for accelerating network traffic, but supports any kind of copy.
Using I/OAT for network acceleration is supported by Microsoft Windows since the release of Scalable Networking Pack for Windows Server 2003 SP1. However, it is no longer included in Windows from version 8 on-wards. It was used by the Linux kernel starting in 2006 but this feature was subsequently disabled due to an alleged lack of performance benefits while creating a possibility of data corruption.
# Awasari Bk

Awasari Bk is a village in Ambegaon taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).
# IJF

IJF or Ijf may refer to:
* International Journalism Festival, annual journalism festival in Italy
* Investigative Journalism Foundation, Canadian organisation
* Internacia Junulara Festivalo, annual Esperanto festival in Italy
* International Judo Federation
* IJf Blokker (born 1930), Dutch actor
# IJDB

IJDB may refer to:
* International Journal of Developmental Biology, a scientific journal in biology
* The Internet Juggling Database (not active anymore)
* Internet Jokes Database, a collection of funny jokes to share and laugh
# Avalon, Australia

Avalon, Australia may refer to:
* Avalon, New South Wales, Australia
* Avalon, Victoria, Australia
* Avalon Airport, Victoria, Australia
* Australian International Airshow, sometimes called the Avalon Airshow after its hosting airport
# Edward Dujardin

Edward Dujardin (29 November 1817, Antwerp – 21 May 1889, Antwerp) was a Belgian painter and art teacher.

## Biography

He began his studies at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp), under Gustaf Wappers. From 1841, he taught figure drawing and placement at the academy, a position he held until his death. He also authored two works on the subject: "Distribution, legs and movements of the human body, as taught in the Royal Academy of Antwerp" (1871), and "The proportions or measures of comparison of the most special antique statues and Greek statues of women, with four plates" (1888). His notable students included Henri Bource, Alfred Elsen [nl], Frans Mortelmans, André Plumot [nl], Edward Portielje and Gerard Portielje.
He painted historical events, Biblical scenes, and portraits, and was in great demand for decorating public celebrations. The novelist, Hendrik Conscience, was a good friend of his and he provided illustrations for several of his works, including The Lion of Flanders.
In 1846 Dujardin traveled to Italy with Eugène Van Havre and made an extensive report about his whereabouts. He also published a version of 'De Leeuw van Vlaenderen' on his own, that was dedicated to Eugène van Havre, mayor of Brasschaat.
He was married to Theresia Maria Van Arendonck; sister of the sculptor, Jan Van Arendonck [nl]. They had two daughters. Their daughter Alida married the architect, Jules Bilmeyer who built several churches in Antwerp.

### Flemish

Unlike many of his colleagues at the academy, he supported Flemish movement and was a board member of "Voor Tael en Kunst", an organization that promoted cultural and entertainment activities. During the early 1850s, they became associated with Catholicism and disbanded.
In 1855, he was one of the co-founders of the magazine De Vlaemsche School, which served as a successor to "Voor Tael en Kunst". He also became involved in the Meetingpartij [nl], a political organization that expressed dissatisfaction over the results of Belgian independence. From 1872 to 1876, and again from 1884 to 1888, he represented the party in the Antwerp Provincial Council.

## Sources

* "Edouard DUJARDIN, illustrator Hendrik Conscience" by E. H. G. Van Cauwenberghe @ Academia; a detailed biography.
* J.F. Buyck, Catalogus schilderijen 19de en 20ste eeuw, Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen, Antwerp, 1977.
# IBM 2997

The earliest roots of IBM's development of the IBM 2997 Blood cell Separator lay in the personal tragedy of one of IBM's development engineers, George Judson. In 1962, Judson's son, Tom, was diagnosed with leukemia. His physician was able to have Tom admitted to the Clinical Center of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). On admission, they showed Judson a procedure to remove white blood cells from a patient. It was laborious. They would remove two units (450 ml) of blood, spin them in a bucket centrifuge, express the plasma into a satellite bag, and the white cells into another satellite bag. The packed red cells and the plasma would be recombined and administered to the patient. This would be repeated over and over. Judson, being an engineer, suggested that this could be done on a continuous-flow basis. He was sent to see Dr. Emil J. Freireich who expressed enthusiasm for the project. Judson returned to IBM and asked for a year's leave of absence to work on his ideas. IBM gave him the one-year leave with pay and provided engineering assistance.
Judson's work led to the development of the NCI Blood Cell Separator and later to the IBM 2990 Blood Cell Separator which could harvest white blood cells from blood donors, to support leukemia patients to keep them alive. The subsequent development of the machine as the IBM 2997, essentially a continuous centrifuge which separated the blood into red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood plasma (used in plasmapheresis), was picked up by IBM's Systems Supplies Division (SSD) which was already ready marketing the IBM 2991 Blood cell Processor. The (disposable) supplies element represented a large part of the revenue stream.
# Eion Edgar

Sir Eion Sinclair Edgar KNZM (30 January 1945 – 14 June 2021) was a New Zealand businessman and philanthropist. He was the chairman of Forsyth Barr Group, a major investment company based in Dunedin, for 20 years until his retirement in 2018, and was chancellor of the University of Otago between 1999 and 2003.

## Biography

Edgar was born and raised in Dunedin to parents George, an accountant and sharebroker, and Caroline Edgar. He was educated at Anderson's Bay Primary School and John McGlashan College before attending the University of Otago. He graduated with a Bachelor of Commerce degree in 1967 and completed his accounting professional qualifications the following year. He began working for Forsyth Barr in 1972. Edgar and his wife Jan moved to Queenstown in 1994. They had three sons.
Edgar served as chancellor of the University of Otago from 1999 until 2003, and was awarded an honorary doctorate in Law from the university. He was also a director of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, chairman of the New Zealand Stock Exchange, and president of the New Zealand Olympic Committee (he was given the title of honorary president for life upon his retirement from the post in 2009). He was also a trustee of the Arts Foundation of New Zealand and of the Halberg Disability Foundation.
Edgar was chairman of numerous charitable trusts and organisations, including the Edgar Olympic Foundation, New Zealand Dementia Prevention Trust, and Winter Games NZ Charitable Trust. He was the official patron of Diabetes New Zealand, the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame and the New Zealand Football Foundation. He helped in the creation of the University of Otago's Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research Centre, and also in the creation of the southern hemisphere's largest single-building indoor sports arena, Dunedin's Edgar Centre. He served as a chairman of Forsyth Barr for 20 years, stepping down in 2018. In that role, he was instrumental in the company's sponsorship of Forsyth Barr Stadium, Dunedin's main international sports complex.
Edgar died in Queenstown on 14 June 2021, aged 76, having been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in late 2020.

## Honours and awards

Edgar's business and philanthropic work has earned him numerous awards, including being named as 2004 NBR New Zealander of the Year, and induction into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame in 2004. In the 1996 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to business management and the community, and he was promoted to Distinguished Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to education, business and sport, in the 2003 Queen's Birthday Honours. Following the restoration of titular honours by the New Zealand government in early 2009, Edgar accepted redesignation as a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2009 Special Honours, thereby adopting the appelation sir.
# Edward Odell

Edward "Ted" Wilfred Odell, Jr. (15 March 1947, in Pleasantville, New York – 9 January 2013, in Houston, Texas) was an American mathematician, specializing in the theory of Banach spaces.
Odell received in 1969 in his B.S. degree from the State University of New York at Binghamton and in 1975 his Ph.D. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under William Buhmann Johnson. From 1975 to 1977 Odell was a Josiah Willard Gibbs Instructor at Yale University. He became in 1977 an assistant professor, in 1981 an associate professor, and in 1990 a full professor at the University of Texas at Austin. He was the author or coauthor of 84 articles.
In 1994 Odell was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in Zurich. In 2012 he was elected a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

## Selected publications

* with W. B. Johnson: "Subspaces and quotients of l$_p$⊕l$_2$ and X$_p$." Acta Mathematica 147, no. 1 (1981): 117–147. doi:10.1007/BF02392872
* with Richard Haydon and Mireille Levy: On sequences without weak* convergent convex block subsequences. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 100 (1987), 94–98 doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-1987-0883407-1
* with Thomas Schlumprecht : "The distortion problem." Acta Mathematica 173, no. 2 (1994): 259–281. doi:10.1007/BF02398436
* with Thomas Schlumprecht : Asymptotic properties of Banach spaces under renormings. J. Amer. Math. Soc. 11 (1998), 175–188 doi:10.1090/S0894-0347-98-00251-3
* with Thomas Schlumprecht: Trees and branches in Banach spaces. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 354 (2002), 4085–4108 doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-02-02984-7
* with Hans-Olav Tylli: Weakly compact approximation in Banach spaces. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 357 (2005), 1125–1159 doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-04-03684-0
* with B. Sari, Th. Schlumprecht, and B. Zheng: Systems formed by translates of one element in $L_{p}(\mathbb {R} )$. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 363 (2011), 6505–6529 doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-2011-05305-5
# Edward Hinds

Edward Allen Hinds FInstP FAPS FRS (born 8 Sept 1949) is a British physicist noted for his work with cold matter.
He was educated at Dame Allan's School in Newcastle before being offered a place at Jesus College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1968. He obtained both an undergraduate degree and a doctorate before moving to the United States to teach at Columbia University.
He served as professor of physics at Yale University before returning to the United Kingdom in 1994 to start the Sussex Centre for Optical and Atomic Physics at Sussex University.
He is currently (2014) a Royal Society Research Professor and director of the Centre for Cold Matter at Imperial College London, where his research is concentrated on fundamental problems in physics and on new methods for producing and manipulating cold atoms and molecules.

## Honours and awards

Source: Imperial College
* Royal Society Bakerian Medal, 2019
* Faraday Medal and Prize, Institute of Physics, 2013
* Rumford Medal, Royal Society, 2008
* Thomson Medal and Prize, Institute of Physics, 2008
* Royal Society Research Professor, Royal Society, 2006
* Fellow of the Royal Society, 2004
* Fellow of the Optical Society of America, 2002
* EPSRC Senior Research Fellow, 1999
* Humboldt Prize, 1998
* Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellow, 1998
* Fellow of the Institute of Physics, 1996
* Fellow of the American Physical Society, 1994
# Edmund Antrobus (disambiguation)

Sir Edmund Antrobus, 3rd Baronet (1818–1899) was a British politician.
Edmund Antrobus may also refer to:
* Sir Edmund Antrobus, 1st Baronet (died 1826) of the Antrobus baronets
* Sir Edmund Antrobus, 2nd Baronet (1792–1870) of the Antrobus baronets, High Sheriff of Wiltshire
* Sir Edmund Antrobus, 4th Baronet (1848–1915) of the Antrobus baronets
# Edsall

Edsall may refer to:
* Edsall (surname), a list of people so named
* Edsall Walker (1910-1997), American pitcher in Negro league baseball
* Edsall-class destroyer escort, a class of US Navy ships built for World War II
** USS Edsall (DE-129), the lead ship of the class, in commission from 1943 to 1946
* USS Edsall (DD-219), a destroyer in commission from 1920 to 1942
# Ayrault

Ayrault is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dan Ayrault (1935–1990), American competition rower and Olympic champion
* Bob Ayrault (born 1966), former Major League Baseball pitcher
* Jean-Marc Ayrault (born 1950), prime minister of France from 2012 to 2014
* Joe Ayrault (born 1971), former Major League Baseball catcher
* Theodore Ayrault Dodge (1842–1909), American officer and military historian
# Faith movement

Faith movement may refer to:
* Word of Faith, a worldwide Christian movement
* Faith Movement Arakan, an insurgent group active in Rakhine State, Myanmar (Burma)
# Falcon (band)

Falcon is a California heavy metal band formed in 2002 by guitarist/vocalist Perry Grayson. Though active in the 2000s, Falcon's sound is throwback to the late 1960s and early 1970s, and they take their cue from luminaries like Blue Cheer, Black Sabbath, Trapeze, Budgie, Thin Lizzy, Pentagram, Mountain, Free, Bang, Captain Beyond and Buffalo.

## Career

Falcon's inception dates to 2002, when guitarist/singer and Metal Maniacs staff writer Perry Grayson (ex-Destiny's End, ex-Artisan, Isen Torr), pulled founding Cirith Ungol multi-instrumentalist Greg Lindstrom out of a two-decade musical retirement to play bass and keyboards (as well as additional lead guitar on recordings). Next, Grayson enlisted Pale Divine drummer Darin McCloskey Falcon recorded their self-titled debut album in 2003 at the Polar Bear Lair in Middletown, Maryland, with engineer Chris Kozlowski, best known for his work with The Melvins, Pentagram and Blue Cheer. Pentagram vocalist Bobby Liebling sang as a special guest on the song "On the Slab", Falcon's tribute to their hero, Phil Lynott of Thin Lizzy fame. In addition to some of Greg Lindstrom's old Cirith Ungol tunes, Falcon also included a cover of the Bang song "Redman". The self-titled Falcon album was released in 2004 on Cirith Ungol's original label, Liquid Flames Records. Over the next couple of years they played many successful gigs, followed in 2006 by the recording of their second album, Die Wontcha, the title of which is a play on West, Bruce and Laing's 1974 LP Why Dontcha. Perry Grayson joined Darin McCloskey in Pale Divine in 2005 for a tour of Europe. Although Grayson relocated to Australia in 2006, Falcon remains active with plans to release a third album and a collection of b-sides and rarities.

## Members
### Current members

* Perry Grayson – lead vocals, guitar (2002–present)
* Greg Lindstrom – bass, keyboards, additional guitar (2002–present)
* Darin McCloskey – drums (2002–present)

### Former members

* Andrew Sample – live drums (2003–2005)

## Discography
### Studio

* Falcon (2004), Liquid Flames Records
* Die Wontcha (2008), Liquid Flames Records

### Tribute albums

* "Shelob's Lair" (extended remix) – Cirith Ungol: One Foot in Fire (2005), Solemnity Music
# Edward vom Hofe

Edward vom Hofe (1846–1920) was a New York fishing equipment entrepreneur of the late 19th-century. He introduced his first two fly reels, starting his own business in 1867. Vom Hofe had become famous for his precision salt-water big-game bait and casting reels constructed of nickel silver and hard rubber (ebonite), along with recently discovered metal named aluminum. Vom Hofe was a machinist, fishing-tackle builder and noted big-game angler who outfitted the famous anglers of his generation.
The handmade fly reels, both named "The Edward vom Hofe Celebrated Trout and Bass Fly Reel", are still generally considered by anglers and collectors around the world as among the very best fly reels ever made. The salmon-size versions of these reels followed soon afterwards.
The first of these trout reels, the #355, a reel with a two-tone clicker mechanism system, that can be activated as additional drag force, with a patent date of 1883, was joined around 1896 by the model #360, equipped with an "adjustable, automatic silent tension drag" system. To distinguish the two different models, later versions of the #355 were designated as the "Peerless" and #360 became the "Perfection." Only 2 direct successors of vom Hofe (Otto Zwarg and the Walker workshop) used the vom Hofe drag system in salmon reels, but not in trout reels. Joe Jancurias of Rochester, NY was the first maker, who made new Edward vom Hofe flyreels. For the 150th anniversary of the Orvis fishing tackle company, he made a limited set of "Perfection" models. Joe Jancurias died in 2011. There were former attempts preceding the Orvis Anniversary edition made by Joe Jancurias, but those failed in achieving the respected and acknowledged esthetics, for example in using the same size screws for 2 different sizes of reels for matters of economy. The size of the drag adjusting wheel was also out of proportion for the smaller size since the same diameter was used for both sizes, for economic reasons. Also the geometry of the handle had not been reproduced accordingly following the original vom Hofe formula and so leaving these attempts easily recognizable and discernible. In 2005, Edward vom Hofe was posthumously inducted into the International Game Fish Association Hall of Fame.