OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eric Chien-Wei Liao

Eric Liao is an American pediatric surgeon-scientist. He specializes in plastic and reconstructive craniofacial surgery, especially in the surgical treatment of cleft lip and palate, rhinoplasty, otoplasty, and nasal reconstruction. Liao's research interests are focused on the genetics and developmental biology that govern facial formation and craniofacial anomalies. He is the founding director of the Center for Craniofacial Innovation at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, the Vice Chair of Academic Affairs in the Department of Surgery, and a Professor of Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine.

## Career

Liao attended Stanford University, where he graduated with B.S. and M.S. in biological sciences. He began his professional career at Harvard Medical School in 1995, where he earned his M.D. in the Health Sciences and Technology program at Harvard and M.I.T. and graduated with a Ph.D. in genetics in 2002. For his dissertation, Liao studied transcriptional regulation of hematopoiesis with Len Zon at Boston Children’s Hospital in the early days of genomic infrastructure development for the zebrafish as a vertebrate experimental model.
Liao trained in surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital and plastic surgery at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Boston Children’s Hospital from 2002 to 2008. He was appointed as faculty in the Department of Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital, in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, from 2008 to 2022. While at Mass General, Liao joined the Center for Regenerative Medicine and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, where he built a research program investigating the genetic basis of craniofacial development. Liao led the MGH Department of Surgery as the Vice Chair of Surgery of Research, where he overhauled the educational and research programs for faculty and trainees to enhance academic training and mentorship. He directed the Cleft and Craniofacial Program at Mass General Hospital for Children and Shriners Hospital in Boston from 2015 to 2022 and served as the Director of Pediatric Plastic Surgery. In 2021, Liao was appointed to Professor of Surgery at the Harvard Medical School. He also led the Shriners Children’s Boston as Chief of Staff from 2021 to 2022.
In 2022, Liao was recruited to the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia as the Surgery Vice Chair of Academic Affairs and Professor of Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. At CHoP, Liao founded the Center for Craniofacial Innovation and was named the Director of the Center and the Presidential Scholar Endowed Chair to lead this institute.

## Contributions

Liao used the zebrafish animal model to study human craniofacial malformations, generating key zebrafish models of orofacial cleft genes such as IRF6, ESRP1, and ESRP2. As a principal investigator in the Developmental Gene Annotation Project and the FaceBase consortium funded by the National Institutes of Health, Liao and his collaborators identified genes associated with various craniofacial conditions, including Tessier clefts, orofacial clefts, arrhinia, and frontonasal dysplasia
# Endurance game

An endurance game is a game where the object is to last as long as possible under some sort of stress. The stress might be physical pain, fear, social embarrassment or any other negative sensation.
The important distinguishing feature of endurance games is that the object is to outlast one's opponents, rather than outdo them in any test of skill. Endurance games are common in schoolyards, as they provide a way for children to establish a pecking-order based on toughness. They are also a feature of hazing rituals in institutions where hazing is common.
One playing an endurance game grants consent to other players' possible harm to oneself. One child justified hurting others during games which require one to do so, saying, "If they know the game then they know what's going to happen."
Among the Inuit, endurance games, "stress the body and test the limits of the individual's psychological and physical endurance," thereby helping, along with other games, to, "prepare children for the rigors of the arctic environment by stressing hand-eye coordination, problem solving, and physical strength and endurance."

## Examples
### Ethnic games

* Ear pulling, an Inuit sport

### Electric games

* PainStation
* Shocking Duel

## Television

There have been a number of game shows or reality shows which have included tests of endurance. This style of game show was pioneered in Japan such as Za Gaman — "The Endurance" — and there are now several British and American shows which test the contestants in this way.
* Balls of Steel
* Banzai
* Distraction
* Fear Factor
* I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
* Survivor
* Touch the Truck
* Za Gaman

## Film

In Never Say Never Again, James Bond is successful in defeating Maximillian Largo at an electric shock arcade game, Domination, similar to Shocking Duel, so he can pass word to Largo's mistress Domino Petachi that her brother Jack was murdered.
# Former Region 3 (Johannesburg)

Region 3 was an administrative district in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa, from 2000 to 2006, and was also known as the Sandton region, as it included the formerly independent municipality of Sandton, and many of the northern suburbs of the former Johannesburg municipality. It bordered Region 1 (Diepsloot), Region 2 (Midrand), Region 7 (Alexandra), Region 8 (Johannesburg Central), Region 4 (Northcliff), and Region 5 (Roodepoort). The region was abolished with a reorganisation of regions in 2006.
The area is fairly heavily populated with the large urban centre of Sandton located in the region, however there are also many parks with large biodiversity. This area is close to Johannesburg's central business district. It is infamous for its heavy traffic, however in preparation for the World Summit on Sustainable Development the government spent considerable sums of money investing in upgrades to the transportation network.
This economic activity in this area centres on business, and there is a lot of housing in this area.

## Demographics

According to the South African National Census of 2001, the population of Region 3 was 178,549 people. Whites accounting for 62.50% of the population, followed by Blacks at 32.35%, Asians and Coloureds at 5.15%. 15.6% of the population was under the age of 15, whilst 8.4% were over the age of 65. The median age in the city was 35 years old, and for every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. 4.6% of the labour force were unemployed.
63.1% of the region's residents spoke English at home, 7.4% spoke Zulu, 6.2% spoke Afrikaans, 14.7% spoke other official languages, and 2.8% of the population spoke a non-official language at home.
3.3% of residents aged 20 and over received no schooling; 6.2% had some primary school; 3.0% completed only primary school; 18.9% had some high school education; 26.8% finished only high school and 41.7% had an education higher than the high school level. Overall, 68.5% of residents had completed high school. The median annual income of working adults aged 15–65 was ZAR 59 109.
# Black Reel Award for Outstanding Directing, Drama Series

The Black Reel Award for Television for Outstanding Directing, Drama Series is an American annual award presented to the best directing of a television drama series for a particular episode.

## 2010s

| Year | Program | Episode | Nominee | Network |
| 2017 1st |
| 2017 1st | This Is Us | "I Call Marriage" | George Tillman Jr. | NBC |
| 2017 1st | Empire | "A Furnace for Your Foe" | Sanaa Hamri | FOX |
| 2017 1st | The Get Down | "One by One, Into the Dark" | Clark Johnson | Netflix |
| 2017 1st | Luke Cage | "You Know My Steez" | Clark Johnson | Netflix |
| 2017 1st | Queen Sugar | "First Things First" | Ava DuVernay | OWN |
| 2018 (2nd) |
| 2018 (2nd) | The Chi | "Pilot" | Rick Famuyiwa | Showtime |
| 2018 (2nd) | Queen Sugar | "Fruit of the Flower" | Cheryl Dunye | OWN |
| 2018 (2nd) | Scandal | "People Like Me" | Joe Morton | ABC |
| 2018 (2nd) | Scandal | "The People v. Olivia Pope" | Kerry Washington | ABC |
| 2018 (2nd) | Black Lightning | "The Resurrection" | Salim Akil | CW |
| 2019 3rd |
| 2019 3rd | This Is Us | "Don't Take My Sunshine Away" | George Tillman Jr. | NBC |
| 2019 3rd | Queen Sugar | "A Rock, A River, A Tree" | DeMane Davis | OWN |
| 2019 3rd | Pose | "Love is the Message" | Janet Mock | FX |
| 2019 3rd | Black Lightning | "The Book of the Apocalypse: Chapter Two: The Omega" | Salim Akil | CW |
| 2019 3rd | This Is Us | "R&B" | Kevin Hooks | NBC |

## 2020s

| Year | Program | Episode | Nominee | Network |
| 2020 4th |
| 2020 4th | Pose | "In My Heels" | Janet Mock | FX |
| 2020 4th | Godfather of Harlem | "By Whatever Means Necessary" | John Ridley | EPIX |
| 2020 4th | Queen Sugar | "I Am" | Ayoka Chenzira | OWN |
| 2020 4th | Hunters | "(Ruth 1:16)" | Millicent Shelton | Amazon Prime Video |
| 2020 4th | This Is Us | "A Hell of a Week: Part One" | Kevin Hooks | NBC |
| 2021 5th |
| 2021 5th | Lovecraft Country | "Jig-a-Bobo" | Misha Green | HBO |
| 2021 5th | Pose | "The Trunk" | Tina Mabry | FX |
| 2021 5th | This Is Us | "Birth Mother" | Kay Oyegun | NBC |
| 2021 5th | The Mandalorian | "Chapter 15: The Believer" | Ricky Famuyiwa | Disney+ |
| 2021 5th | Snowfall | "Sleeping Dogs" | Carl Seaton | FX |
| 2022 6th |
| 2022 6th | Bridgerton | "The Viscount Who Loved Me" | Cheryl Dunye | Netflix |
| 2022 6th | Bel-Air | "Dreams and Nightmares" | Morgan Cooper | Peacock |
| 2022 6th | Better Call Saul | "Axe and Grind" | Giancarlo Esposito | AMC |
| 2022 6th | This Is Us | "Our Little Island Girl: Part Two" | Kevin Hooks | NBC |
| 2022 6th | Winning Time: The Rise of the Lakers Dynasty | "Pieces of a Man" | Tanya Hamilton | HBO |

## Total awards by network

* NBC – 2
* FX - 1
* HBO - 1
* Netflix - 1
* Showtime - 1
# Fructosamine-3-kinase

Fructosamine-3-kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FN3K gene.

## Function

FN3K catalyzes phosphorylation of fructosamines formed by glycation, the nonenzymatic reaction of glucose with primary amines followed by Amadori rearrangement. Phosphorylation of fructosamines may initiate metabolism of the modified amine and result in deglycation of glycated proteins.
FN3K is responsible for the formation of fructose 3-phosphate (F3P), a compound identified in the lenses of diabetic rats. The spontaneous decomposition of F3P leads to the formation of 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG). 3DG contributes to diabetic complications. Treatment of normal and diabetic rats with an inhibitor of FN3K demonstrated a large reduction (~50%) in systemic 3DG in both groups. Removal of 3DG at its source by inhibition of FN3K is a viable option to treat diabetes related diseases since it would require a much smaller dose of drug.
# Epipyrops radama

Epipyrops radama is a moth in the Epipyropidae family. It was described by Viette in 1961. It is found in Madagascar.
# East Gloucestershire Cricket Club Ground

East Gloucestershire Cricket Club Ground was a cricket ground in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1883, when East Gloucestershire played Worcestershire.
In 1888, Gloucestershire played Nottinghamshire in the grounds first first-class match. The second and final first-class match held on the ground came in 1903 when Gloucestershire played the Gentlemen of Philadelphia.
No longer used for cricket, today the site of the ground is by the East Gloucestershire Tennis Club.
# James Paul (footballer)

E. P. James Paul was a Scottish amateur footballer who played as a centre forward in the Scottish League for Queen's Park. He was capped by Scotland at amateur level. Paul's first cap, a 3–1 defeat to Denmark in which he scored, is regarded as an official international by the DBU.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Scottish Cup | Scottish Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Queen's Park | 1932–33 | Scottish Division One | 14 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 6 |
| Queen's Park | 1933–34 | Scottish Division One | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 19 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 11 |
# Andrew de Rait

Sir Andrew de Rait of Rait (born c.1280) was a 13th-14th century Scottish noble. Andrew de Rait was the younger brother of Gervase de Rait, Constable of Invernairn. Andrew was Constable of Nairn Castle in 1296. He appears on the 1296 Ragman Roll giving homage to King Edward I of England. He succeeded to his brother's estates and titles in 1297.
Arms: Argent, a cross indented Gules

## Scottish Wars of Independence

After Edward I sacked Berwick in March 1296 and the Scottish king John Balliol abdicated the following July, Edward held a parliament at Berwick on 28 August to receive the submission of the Scottish barons and clerics. Sir Andrew de Rait and his older brother, Gervaise, paid homage for Nairnshire. Sir Andrew supported Edward in 1297 when Sir Andrew Moray launched an assault against Urquhart Castle, then under English control. He went north with those sent by Edward to put down Moray’s revolt under the leadership of Henry le Chen, Bishop of Aberdeen; John Comyn, Earl of Buchan; and Gartnait of Mar, son and heir of the Earl of Mar. Although Edward’s contingent met with Moray near the River Spey on 7 July, they did not seize him, blaming the difficulties of the terrain for preventing further pursuit. Andrew de Rait was selected to bear the bishop’s letter of explanation to King Edward:
   In Launoy upon-the-Spey on the Tuesday before the feast of St. Mary Magdalene, there met us Andrew de Murray with a large body of rogues, the number of which Sir Andrew de Raite, your bachelor, can show you according to what he heard from the people of their company. And the aforesaid rogues betook themselves into a very great stronghold of bog and wood, where no horseman could be of service. It would be too long a business to write, but we pray you to have the goodness to give evidence to Sir Andrew de Raite, your bachelor, who can tell you all these affairs in all points, for he was in person at all these doings.
Euphemia, Countess of Ross and Malise III, Earl of Strathearn, also entrusted Sir Andrew with dispatches to the king, the latter writing, “Dear Sire, I pray you, if it please you, to have the goodness to believe Sir Andrew de Raite, the bearer of this letter, in the matter which he will tell you verbally from me.”
En route, Sir Andrew met with Hugh de Cressingham, treasurer of the English administration in Scotland, and showed him the bishop’s letter, but Cressingham reported to the king that the letter was “false in many points and obscure.” It has been argued that Cressingham believed that Chien, Comyn, and Mar were “exaggerating the value of the services they had rendered” in the hope that the king, in his gratitude, would reward them with “the estates of their rivals.”
# Linda Smith (bowls)

Linda Smith is a former Hong Kong international lawn bowler.

## Bowls career

Smith has represented Hong Kong at the Commonwealth Games, in the pairs event at the 1994 Commonwealth Games.
She won a triples gold medal at the 1991 Asia Pacific Bowls Championships in Kowloon.
# Black dwarf porcupine

The black dwarf porcupine, also known as Koopman's porcupine (Coendou nycthemera), is a porcupine species from the New World porcupine family endemic to northern Brazil. It occurs in the Amazon rainforest east of the Madeira River and south of the Amazon River. It inhabits primary forest and possibly second growth. It was described as Coendou koopmani by Charles O. Handley Jr. and Ronald H. Pine in 1992, but was subsequently found to be identical to a species described in 1818. It is nocturnal and herbivorous.
# Amlodipine/celecoxib

Amlodipine/celecoxib, sold under the brand name Consensi, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat both hypertension and osteoarthritis at the same time in adults. It contains amlodipine, as the besilate, and celecoxib. It is taken by mouth.
The most common side effects include edema, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, peripheral edema, accidental injury, dizziness, pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, upper respiratory tract infection, and rash.
It was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2018.

## Medical uses

Amlodipine/celecoxib is indicated for use in adults for whom treatment with amlodipine for hypertension and celecoxib for osteoarthritis are appropriate.

## History

Amlodipine/celecoxib was approved for use in the United States in May 2018.
# Former Region 5 (Johannesburg)

Region 5 was an administrative district in the City of Johannesburg, from 2000 to 2006, covering the greater Roodepoort, Randburg, Olivedale and Northriding areas on the western flank of the City of Johannesburg. Its long western boundary forms most of the unicity's western boundary. To the north (Region 1) and east (Regions 2, 3, and 4) it shared boundaries with largely prosperous residential areas. To the south, it met the northern boundary of Region 6, Doornkop/Soweto. The region was abolished with a reorganisation of regions in 2006.
# Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase

The enzyme fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase ({EC 3.1.3.46) catalyzes the reaction
    β-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. The systematic name is β-D-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, and D-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphohydrolase. This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 13 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1BIF, 1C7Z, 1C80, 1C81, 1FBT, 1K6M, 1TIP, 2AXN, 2BIF, 2DWO, 2DWP, 2I1V, and 3BIF.
# List of State Register of Heritage Places in the Shire of Victoria Plains

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
The State Register of Heritage Places is maintained by the Heritage Council of Western Australia. As of 2023, 206 places are heritage-listed in the Shire of Victoria Plains, of which five are on the State Register of Heritage Places.

## List

The Western Australian State Register of Heritage Places, as of 2023, lists the following five state registered places within the Shire of Victoria Plains:
| Place name | Place # | Street number | Street name | Suburb or town | Co-ordinates | Notes & former names |
| Wyening Mission House | 2617 | | South Road | Wyening | 31°09′41″S 116°32′39″E﻿ / ﻿31.1613°S 116.544253°E﻿ / -31.1613; 116.544253﻿ (Wyening Mission House) | Part of the Wyening Mission Group (2968) |
| Benedictine Winery (former) | 2618 | | Behanging Road | Wyening | 31°09′33″S 116°33′00″E﻿ / ﻿31.159043°S 116.550028°E﻿ / -31.159043; 116.550028﻿ (Benedictine Winery) | Part of the Wyening Mission Group (2968) |
| Wyening Mission Group (former) | 2968 | 1295 | Behanging Road | Wyening | 31°09′38″S 116°32′52″E﻿ / ﻿31.16042°S 116.547823°E﻿ / -31.16042; 116.547823﻿ (Wyening Mission Group) | |
| Summer Hill Group | 3943 | | Great Northern Highway | Glentromie | 30°52′45″S 116°14′26″E﻿ / ﻿30.879221°S 116.240552°E﻿ / -30.879221; 116.240552﻿ (Summer Hill Group) | Old Summer Hill Precinct |
| Glentromie Farm Group | 12874 | 45 | Glentromie-Yerecoin Road | Glentromie | 30°54′45″S 116°14′25″E﻿ / ﻿30.912437°S 116.240367°E﻿ / -30.912437; 116.240367﻿ (Glentromie Farm Group) | Murra Murra |
# Lindera triloba

Lindera triloba is a plant species belonging to the genus Lindera. It is endemic to Japan, and is called Shiro-moji in Japanese.

## Use

In Japan, the strong branch was used for walking sticks. The seed oil obtained by squeezing ripe fruit was used as fuel for lanterns. The leaves have a unique odor, and the essential oil can be extracted by hydrodistillation. The seedlings for gardening and garden trees are sold to enjoy the autumn leaves.
* flower
* young leaves
* fruit
* bark
* autumn leaves

## Biochemistry

Sesquiterpenes such as delobanone and acetoxydelobanone have been isolated from Lindera triloba.
The sesquiterpenes (α-Cadinol, δ-Cadinene etc.) were also found in the essential oils.
# Gordini T24S

The Gordini Type 24S is a sports racing car, designed, developed, and built by French manufacturer Gordini, in 1953.

## Development history and technology

The development of Type 24 was Amédée Gordini's most ambitious sports car project to date. The car had a 3-liter 8-cylinder in-line engine consisting of two 4-cylinder blocks. The unit was an in-house construction, since Simca had ended the cooperation after a lack of success. There was also a new 5-speed quick-shift gearbox.
Gordini built two chassis, which received the numbers 0036S and 0037S. The chassis was made of tubular steel and the body was made of aluminum. Both cars were driven by the factory team in sports car races. The French writer Françoise Sagan was interested in chassis 0036S in 1956 but did not buy the car. It was then bought by André Guelfi, who continued to race with it. After several changes of ownership, the fully restored racing car was offered at auction in 2014 with a minimum bid of 2.5 million euros.
Chassis 0037S was acquired by the brothers Fritz and Hans Schlumpf in 1955 and is now in the Musée National de l'Automobile.

## Racing history

Originally Type 24 was due to make its racing debut at the 1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, but chassis 0036S was not finished on time and were only a reserve. It then made its debut at the 1953 Reims 12 Hours, with Jean Behra and Jean Lucas at the wheel. Starting the race from fifth place in practice, the car retired after an accident. The first finish came three weeks later at the Caen Grand Prix, where Jean Lucas finished sixth. However, he was four laps down on Pierre Chancel in the small Panhard X85.
In 1954, both cars were run in the World Sportscar Championship without much success. There were victories apart from the big sports car races. Franco Bordoni-Bisleri won the Trullo d'Oro and the Pergusa Grand Prix; Jean Behra remained successful at the Coupe du Salon.
From 1955 the Type 24S was only driven by private drivers and finally disappeared from the racing circuits after a failure at the 24-hour race in Le Mans in 1957.
# Eudonia chrysomicta

Eudonia chrysomicta is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1929. It is found on the Marquesas Archipelago in French Polynesia.
# Eygalières

Eygalières (French pronunciation:; Provençal: Aigalieras (classical norm) or Eigaliero (mistralian norm)) is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, Southern France. In 2020, it had a population of 1,730.
# Eduard Zeman

Eduard Zeman (11 April 1948 – 25 June 2017) was a Czech politician. He served on the Czech National Council from 1992 to 1993, and its succeeding legislative body, the Chamber of Deputies, until 2006. From 1998 to 2002, Zeman was the minister of Education, Youth and Sports.
# Edward E. Johnston

Edward Elliott Johnston (January 3, 1918 – February 18, 2011) was an American businessman and politician.
Raised in Jacksonville, Illinois, Johnston graduated from Illinois College and was a radio broadcaster. He served in the United States Air Force during World War II and the Korean War. He moved to Hawaii Territory and was in the insurance and tourism business. He was also involved with the Republican Party in Hawaii. President Dwight Eisenhower appointed Johnston secretary of the Hawaii Territory. In 1969, President Richard Nixon appointed Johnston High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and served until 1976. He died in Rohnert Park, California.