OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1818 in France

Events from the year 1818 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Louis XVIII
* Prime Minister – Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (until 29 December), then Jean-Joseph, Marquis Dessolles

## Events

* 11 February - Marie André Cantillon attempts to assassinate the Duke of Wellington, commander of troops occupying France, in Paris.
* 29 July - Physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light" to the French Academy of Sciences, precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.
* 28 August – The Equestrian statue of Henry IV is inaugurated in Paris, replacing an earlier one that had been destroyed during the French Revolution.
* 1 October - Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle is convened.
* 5 October - Claudine Thévenet (known as Mary of St. Ignatius) founds the Roman Catholic order Religieuses de Jésus-Marie ("Religious of Jesus And Mary") in Lyon.
* 30 November – The Allied Occupation of France (1815-1818) ends as the last troops depart in line with the agreement at Aix-la-Chapelle.

## Births
### January to June

* 26 January - Amédée de Noé, caricaturist and lithographer (died 1879).
* 7 February - François Paul Meurice, dramatist (died 1905).
* 18 May - Eugène Bouchut, physician (died 1891).
* 3 June - Louis Faidherbe, general and colonial administrator (died 1889).
* 4 June - Élie-Abel Carrière, botanist (died 1896).
* 13 June - Jean-Jules Allasseur, sculptor (died 1903).
* 18 June - Charles Gounod, composer (died 1893).

### July to December

* 8 August - Joseph Roumanille, poet (died 1891).
* 12 August - Edmond-Frederic Le Blant, archaeologist and historian (died 1897).
* 14 August - François d'Orléans, prince de Joinville, admiral (died 1900).
* 18 August - Henri Le Secq, painter and photographer (died 1882).
* 13 September - Gustave Aimard, traveller and writer (died 1883).
* 26 October - Louis Buffet, statesman (died 1898).
* 26 November - Louis Aubert-Roche, physician (died 1874)

### Full date unknown

* Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot, naturalist and entomologist (died 1893).
* Denis Vrain-Lucas, forger (died 1880).

## Deaths

* 30 January - Claude Matthieu, Count Gardane, general and diplomat (born 1766).
* 23 April - Jean-Armand de Bessuéjouls Roquelaure, Archbishop of Mechelen, Belgium (born 1721).
* 1 May - François-Joseph Bélanger, architect and decorator (born 1744).
* 28 July - Gaspard Monge, mathematician (born 1746).
* 19 October
** André Antoine Bernard, lawyer and revolutionary (born 1751).
** Antoine-François Bertrand de Molleville, government minister (born 1744).
* 28 October - Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke, politician and Marshal of France (born 1765).
* 25 December - Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon, Marshal of France (born 1754).
* Full date unknown - Adrien-Nicolas Piédefer, marquis de La Salle, writer and cavalry officer (born 1735).
# Greenleigh, New South Wales

Greenleigh is an acreage estate to the east of the City of Queanbeyan in New South Wales, Australia. It was formerly known as Dodsworth. At the 2021 census, Greenleigh had a population of 676.
Greenleigh has the highest house prices and rates in Queanbeyan.
# He'll Have to Stay

"He'll Have to Stay" is a song written by Audrey Allison, Charles Grean, and Joe Allison and performed by Jeanne Black. The song is an answer song to Jim Reeves' 1959 hit "He'll Have to Go". It was produced by Ken Nelson.
It reached #4 on the US pop chart, #6 on the US country chart, #11 on the US R&B chart, and #41 on the UK Singles Chart in 1960. The song was featured on her 1960 album, A Little Bit Lonely.
The single ranked #52 on the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1960.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1960) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (The Official Charts Company) | 41 |
| U.S. Billboard Hot C&W Sides | 6 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 4 |
| US Hot R&B Sides (Billboard) | 11 |

## Cover versions and later versions

* Caterina Valente released a version of the song in the Netherlands entitled "Caro Mio" as the B-side to her 1960 single "Zeeman (Je Verlangen Is De Zee)".
* Ann-Louise Hanson released a version of the song in the Sweden entitled "Han Stannar Här" as part of an EP in 1960.
* Skeeter Davis released a version of the song on her 1961 album, Here's the Answer.
# Long Autumn Night

"Long Autumn Night" is a Chinese classic poem that has inspired later works of classical music in China and Europe.

## After Long Autumn Night by Qian Qi 钱起《效古秋夜长》from Tang Poems

Qian Qi (710–782) was a mid-Tang dynasty Chinese court poet known by contemporaries for elegant verses which are rich in meaning and loose in syntax. They could be interpreted in many ways. This poem was inspired by "Long Autumn Night" by Wang Yong 王融 of the 5th century. Gustav Mahler's choral symphony Das Lied von der Erde, 2nd movement, was based on this Tang poem about a lonely young girl at her silk loom in a wealthy household.
Autumn brings the white jade frost, North wind sweeps the lotus scent. Pining with love she weaves by a flickering lamp, Tearful at the long cold loom, Her cloud of finished gossamer green silk like a pool of quiet water, Until the moon and perched crow bring the dawn. Who is this young girl faithfully weaving at her loom? Hidden deep behind rich silken drapes, amidst the splendor listening to falling leaves. I sympathize with her; cold in solitary desolation.
钱起《效古秋夜长》唐中期 – 秋汉飞玉霜，北风扫荷香。含情纺织孤灯尽， 拭泪相思寒漏长。檐前碧云静如水，月吊栖乌啼鸟起。 谁家少妇事鸳机，锦幕云屏深掩扉。 白玉窗中闻落叶，应怜寒女独无依 。

### "Der Einsame im Herbst" ("The Solitary One in Autumn")

The second movement of Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde is based on this Qian Qi 钱起 poem. The German choral text of the first two stanzas are given below:
Herbstnebel wallen bläulich überm See; Vom Reif bezogen stehen alle Gräser; Man meint, ein Künstler habe Staub von Jade Über die feinen Blüten ausgestreut. Der süße Duft der Blumen ist verflogen; Ein kalter Wind beugt ihre Stengel nieder. Bald werden die verwelkten, gold'nen Blätter Der Lotosblüten auf dem Wasser zieh'n.
Full German choral text and English translation are in the wiki "Das Lied von der Erde ".

## Mystery of Das Lied von der Erde, Mahler

The German text for "Der Einsame im Herbst" ("The Solitary One in Autumn") was re-written from the 19th c. German translation of French translations of the poem. The Mahler choral text by necessity differs from the Hans Bethge German text (Bethge's "Die chinesische Flöte") since it must be set to music. The original Chinese poem was not identified for a long time. But now it is conclusively shown to be by Qian Qi, a mid-Tang dynasty poet and high-ranking official. The title is "After Long Autumn Night" 《效古秋夜长.

### Notes on Mystery of 2nd movement: 乐章之迷

The German source used by Mahler was a translation from French translations. There were major errors in both the text translations and attributions so that the original poem in Chinese could not be identified. The first identification was published in 1983 by Qian Renkang 钱仁康 through style and subject matter analysis. This was confirmed in 1999 after an exhaustive backwards analysis of a large number of likely authors and texts. The second movement is now generally accepted as being based on this Qian Qi Tang poem.
# Lyndsay Wall

Lyndsay Cheyenne Wall (born May 12, 1985 in Visalia, California) is an American ice hockey player. She won a silver medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics and a bronze medal at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
She graduated from Churchville-Chili High School in the Rochester, New York area in 2003.
# Odaköy, Dursunbey

Odaköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Dursunbey, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 238 (2022).
# Multifilament fishing line

Multifilament line, also referred to as The Super Lines, is a type of fishing line. It is a braided line which is made up of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), a specialty polyethylene polymer that makes an extremely thin line for its strength. By weight, UHMWPE strands are five to ten times sturdier than steel. Multifilament line is similar to braided dacron in terms of sensitivity but a diameter about one-third that of the ubiquitous nylon monofilament line.
Multifilament works best on conventional and baitcasting reels. On spinning and spincasting reels, the line's limpness can make sure for awkward manipulation, as it does not "spring" off the reel like monofilament. Consequently, knot-tying is more difficult with multifilaments. Certain knots work better with superline, like the palomar knot. Applying a type of super glue will help to prevent other types of knots from slipping.
This type of fishing line is expensive, sometimes four times the cost of equivalent monofilament. This can become a considerable expense, especially considering that the line is so thin that one needs more of it to fill a reel spool. Sometimes, a backing of monofilament or other line is used under the braided line on the spool.
# Calalo

Calalo is a village in the Croix-des-Bouquets commune in the Croix-des-Bouquets Arrondissement, in the Ouest department of Haiti.
# Jeff Fuller

Jeffrey or Jeff Fuller may refer to:

## People

* Jeff Fuller (racing driver) (born 1957), NASCAR driver
* Jeff Fuller (safety) (born 1962), former American football safety for the San Francisco 49ers, 1984–1989
* Jeff Fuller (wide receiver) (born 1990), his son, American football wide receiver
* Jeffrey Fuller, ACLU Membership Director, 1948–1959
* Jeff Fuller, bass player in the Lou Donaldson quartet

## Other

* Jeffrey Fuller series, a novel series written by Joe Buff
# Mummenhoffia alliacea

Mummenhoffia alliacea (syn. Thlaspi alliaceum), the garlic pennycress or roadside pennycress, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is native to central and southern Europe, and Anatolia, and has been introduced to the United Kingdom and the eastern United States. An erect plant usually 25 to 65 cm (10 to 26 in) tall, it is typically found on roadsides, fields, and other disturbed situations.
* Seedlings
* Stem and leaves
* In a nursery
# Lomba do Pinheiro

Lomba do Pinheiro (meaning Pine Tree Hill in English) is a neighbourhood (bairro) in the city of Porto Alegre, the state capital of Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil. It was created by Law 7954 from January 8, 1997.
Lomba do Pinheiro is not part of the rural zone in Porto Alegre.
# Lynette Chico

Lynette Chico (born April 22, 1971) is a Puerto Rican fashion model, actress and radio host on 98.5 FM Cadena Salsoul Puerto Rican radio station. She has had parts in many of Puerto Rico's television shows.

## Puerto Rican television

* Estudio 69 (she plays "La Chacha", a French maid) with Miguel Morales
* Dame un Break
* No te Duermas
* El Super Show
* Channel 52 V Fifty Two (host of the local music show)

## Calendars

She has modeled in many calendars, including "2008 Puerto Rican Sensation".

## Film

She is part of the cast in Daddy Yankee's upcoming movie Talento de Barrio.

## Personal life

Her sister, Leticia Rodriguez, is also an actress.
# Moody's Manual

Moody's Manual is a series of manuals published by the Moody's Corporation. It was first published in 1900 by John Moody, nine years before he founded Moody's. Initially called Moody's Manual of Industrial and Miscellaneous Securities, it was later superseded by Moody's Manual of Railroads and Corporation Securities, then by Moody's Analyses of Investments. Until 1990's, they published a series of manuals on publicly traded stocks both in the United States and internationally. Market Inference publishes Manual of Investments which provides annual summaries of companies listed in NYSE, Nasdaq, and others.

## Selected historic publications

Moody's Analyses of Railroad Investments; OCLC 5838960
* 1st Year (1909)
* 2nd Year (1910)
* 3rd Year (1912)
Moody's Analyses of Investments, Moody's Investors Service (OCLC 183311928; 1913–1919)
    Part I – Steam Railroads
* 4th Year (1913)
* 5th Year (1914)
* 6th Year (1915)
* 7th Year (1916)
* 8th Year (1917)
* 9th Year (1918)
* 10th Year (1919)
    Part II – Public Utilities and Industrials
* 5th Year (1914)
* 6th Year (1915)
* 7th Year (1916)
* 8th Year (1917)
* 9th Year (1918)
* 10th Year (1919)
    Part III – Government and Municipal Securities
* 10th Year (1919)
    Part I – Railroad Investments (industry name change)
* 11th Year (1920)
    Part II – Industrial Investments
* 11th Year (1920)
* 12th Year (1921)
    Part III – Public Utility Investments
* 11th Year (1920)
    Part IV – Government and Municipal Securities
* 11th Year (1920)
* 13th Year (1922)
# Odiellus spinosus

Odiellus spinosus is a species of harvestmen in the family Phalangiidae.

## Description

Odiellus spinosus can reach a body length of 6.5–8 millimetres (0.26–0.31 in) in males, of 7–11 millimetres (0.28–0.43 in) in females. This harvestmen shows three large, almost flat spines (hence the species name) in front of the eyes and a black-edged saddle on the back. Moreover the abdomen is distinctly flattened, with some rows of brown spots across each tergite.

## Biology

Adults can be found from June and until December.
# Multifocal intraocular lens

Multifocal and accommodating intraocular lenses are artificial intraocular lenses (IOLs) that are designed to provide focus of both distance and near objects, in contrast to monofocal intraocular lenses which only have one focal point and correct distance vision. The issue of restoring accommodation following cataract surgery or through refractive lens exchange is becoming an increasingly important topic in ophthalmology.
Intraocular lenses that correct presbyopia are divided into two main categories:
* Multifocal IOLs: achieve near and distance vision by having two (bifocal) or three (trifocal) focal points simultaneously. The function of multifocal IOL depends on the pupil size for refractive types. The concept is based on the principle that the pupil tends to constrict for near tasks, so the central portion of the lens is designed for near and the outer portion for distance. For diffractive types of multifocal IOLs, light is split by diffraction and the vision is pupil independent. However, the physics behind a diffractive IOL appears different from the well-known diffraction at the edges or corners of an obstacle. The property of a diffractive IOL in focusing light is explained by Snell's law of refraction on micro prisms ordered in concentric rings. The interference of diffracted light at the edges may reduce the quality of the image, but it does not play a role in the image formation of a diffractive IOL. Therefore, the term "diffractive" could be misleading in this context.
* Accommodating IOLs: change in shape and power when the ciliary muscle contracts and give an advantage over regular IOLs.

## Evidence about different lenses

Monofocal lenses are standard lenses used in cataract surgery. People who have a multifocal intraocular lens after their cataract is removed may be less likely to need additional glasses compared with people who have standard monofocal lenses. People receiving multifocal lenses may experience more visual problems, such as glare or haloes (rings around lights), than with monofocal lenses.
People receiving accommodative intraocular lenses had improvements in near vision but these improvements were small and reduced over time. People who received accommodative intraocular lenses may have a higher risk of thickening and clouding of the tissue behind the intraocular lenses (posterior capsule opacification) but there is some uncertainty around this finding.
# Gray–Dort Motors

Gray-Dort Motors was a Canadian automobile manufacturing company in Chatham, Ontario, which operated from 1915 to 1925.

## Formation

Gray-Dort Motors started as the carriage works of William Gray & Sons Company Ltd., founded in 1855 by William Gray. In the mid-1900s, William's father and president of the company, Robert Gray, began to build car bodies for the Ford factory in Walkerville, Ontario, until 1912.
In 1915, Robert Gray obtained the Canadian rights to manufacture the Dort automobile from manufacturer Josiah Dallas Dort, in Flint, Michigan. Later that year, Gray-Dort Motors Ltd. was formed. Gray-Dort produced two models in its first year of operation: the Model 4 roadster and the Model 5 touring car.
Throughout its lifetime, Gray-Dort manufactured around 26,000 automobiles. During this period, they also produced bodies for the locally built Chatham automobiles. Three body styles were offered: the tourer, coupe and the sedan.

## Dissolution

In 1923, after several years of successful but stressful business, Josiah Dallas Dort left the business. A few months later, Dort died during a golf session. As the company's easy access to U.S. mechanical parts abruptly came to a close, Gray-Dort Motors began to lose money. They scrambled to find another U.S.-based partner to no avail. The last few years of the business were spent liquidating assets.
# Jeffrey Levine

Jeffrey Levine may refer to:
* Jeffrey Levine (poet), American poet, publisher, musician, and attorney
* Jeffrey D. Levine (born 1955), United States Ambassador to Estonia
* Jeffrey Levine (composer) (born 1942), American composer and double-bassist
# 12th Maxim Cup

The 12th Maxim Cup began on 2 November 2010 and concluded on 5 April 2011. Pak Yeong-hun defeated Lee Chang-ho 2–0 in the final.

## Tournament

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | | Final | Final |
| 14 December | 14 December | | | | | | |
| Pak Yeong-hun | 1 | | | | | | |
| Pak Yeong-hun | 1 | 14 January | 14 January | | | | | |
| Lee Sanghoon | 0 | 14 January | 14 January | | | | |
| Lee Sanghoon | 0 | Pak Yeong-hun | 1 | | | | |
| 21 December | 21 December | | Pak Yeong-hun | 1 | | | | |
| 21 December | 21 December | Kang Dongyun | 0 | | | | |
| Won Seong-jin | 0 | Kang Dongyun | 0 | | | | |
| Won Seong-jin | 0 | | | | 21 February | 21 February | | |
| Kang Dongyun | 1 | | | | 21 February | 21 February | |
| Kang Dongyun | 1 | | | | Pak Yeong-hun | 1 | |
| 21 December | 21 December | | | | | Pak Yeong-hun | 1 | |
| 21 December | 21 December | | | | Choi Cheol-han | 0 | |
| Choi Cheol-han | 1 | | | | Choi Cheol-han | 0 | |
| Choi Cheol-han | 1 | 1 February | 1 February | | | | | |
| Yang Jaeho | 0 | 1 February | 1 February | | | | |
| Yang Jaeho | 0 | Choi Cheol-han | 1 | | | | |
| 14 December | 14 December | | Choi Cheol-han | 1 | | | | |
| 14 December | 14 December | Kim Dongyeop | 0 | | | | |
| Kim Dongyeop | 1 | Kim Dongyeop | 0 | | | | |
| Kim Dongyeop | 1 | | | | | | | 21 March–7 April | 21 March–7 April |
| Seo Bongsoo | 0 | | | | | | | 21 March–7 April | 21 March–7 April |
| Seo Bongsoo | 0 | | | | | | | Pak Yeong-hun | 2 |
| 4 January | 4 January | | | | | | | | Pak Yeong-hun | 2 |
| 4 January | 4 January | | | | | | | Lee Chang-ho | 0 |
| Cho Hunhyun | 1 | | | | | | | Lee Chang-ho | 0 |
| Cho Hunhyun | 1 | 1 February | 1 February | | | | | | |
| Jang Sooyoung | 0 | 1 February | 1 February | | | | | | |
| Jang Sooyoung | 0 | Cho Hunhyun | 0 | | | | | | |
| 7 January | 7 January | | Cho Hunhyun | 0 | | | | | | |
| 7 January | 7 January | Lee Chang-ho | 1 | | | | | | |
| Choi Kyubyeong | 0 | Lee Chang-ho | 1 | | | | | | |
| Choi Kyubyeong | 0 | | | | 22 February | 22 February | | | | |
| Lee Chang-ho | 1 | | | | 22 February | 22 February | | | |
| Lee Chang-ho | 1 | | | | Lee Chang-ho | 1 | | | |
| 7 January | 7 January | | | | | Lee Chang-ho | 1 | | | |
| 7 January | 7 January | | | | Mok Jin-seok | 0 | |
| Lee Sedol | 1 | | | | Mok Jin-seok | 0 | |
| Lee Sedol | 1 | 20 January | 20 January | | | | | |
| Park Jungsang | 0 | 20 January | 20 January | | | | |
| Park Jungsang | 0 | Lee Sedol | 0 | | | | |
| 22 December | 22 December | | Lee Sedol | 0 | | | | |
| 22 December | 22 December | Mok Jin-seok | 1 | | | | |
| Mok Jin-seok | 1 | Mok Jin-seok | 1 | | | | |
| Yoo Changhyuk | 0 | | | | | | |
# Mulux

40°52′N 48°18′E﻿ / ﻿40.867°N 48.300°E﻿ / 40.867; 48.300
Mulux (also, Mulukh) is a village in the Ismailli Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Cülyan.
# Municipality of Victor Larco Herrera

Municipality of Victor Larco Herrera is a Peruvian governing body that rules in Victor Larco Herrera district. It is located in Buenos Aires in west of Trujillo city. It has legal autonomy granted by the law of municipalities of Peru

## Structure

* The Council, composed of the mayor and aldermen, is the regulatory and supervisory agency.
* The Mayor is the executive agency.
* The coordinating bodies are the Local Coordinating Council (district) and Neighborhood Boards

## Companies

* SEDALIB provides water and sanitation in La Libertad Region
* Caja Trujillo is a local bank
# 1790 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or French).

## Events

* March - Jens Baggesen returns to Denmark. After ridiculing his fellow Danes in his poem, Holger the Dane and leaving the country for Germany, Baggensen proceeded to Switzerland and became a good friend of the Swiss poet Johan Kaspar Lavater and a leader in the Sturm und Drang movement.
* May 21 - Thomas Warton dies. He is succeeded as Poet Laureate of Great Britain by writer and police magistrate Henry James Pye (who has just retired as a Member of Parliament) following William Hayley's refusal of the office.

## Works published
### United Kingdom

* Joanna Baillie, published anonymously, Poems
* William Blake, published anonymously, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, illuminated book with 27 relief-etched plates
* Robert Burns, "Tam o' Shanter" Scottish, written
* Thomas Edwards (Twm o'r Nant), Gardd o Gerddi, Welsh
* George Ellis, ed., Specimens of the Early English Poets
* Anne Francis, anonymously published "by a lady", then reissued this year under the author's name, Miscellaneous Poems
* Robert Merry, The Laurel of Liberty
* William Sotheby, Poems
* Ann Yearsley, Stanzas of Woe

### United States

* Peter Markoe, the Reconciliation; or, The Triumph of Nature, an unproduced opera in verse
* Sarah Wentworth Morton, published under the name "Philenia, a Lady of Boston", Ouabi; or, The Virtues of Nature: An Indian Tale in Four Cantos, narrative poem portraying a love triangle between an Indian chief, his wife and an aristocrat from Europe; set to music in 1793 by Hans Graham; the poem inspired Louis James Bacon to write the play The American Indian in 1795
* Mercy Otis Warren, Poems, Dramatic and Miscellaneous, the first work printed under the author's own name; includes verse tragedies; many of the poems promote republican virtues and show women as moral authorities

## Births

Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* January 1 – James Wills (died 1868), Irish writer and poet
* January 10 – Anders Abraham Grafström (died 1870), Swedish historian, priest and poet
* July 8 – Fitz-Greene Halleck (died 1867), American
* October 21 – Alphonse de Lamartine (died 1869), French writer, poet and politician
* date unknown – Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq (died 1854), Urdu poet

## Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* May 21 – Thomas Warton (born 1728), English literary historian, critic and Poet Laureate of Great Britain
* July 25 – William Livingston (born 1723), English Colonial American public official, poet and writer
* August 22 – Andrew Macdonald (born 1757), Scottish clergyman, poet and playwright