OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Euryscaphus

Euryscaphus is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. There are about seven described species in Euryscaphus, found in Australia.

## Species

These seven species belong to the genus Euryscaphus:
* Euryscaphus angulatus W. J. MacLeay, 1865
* Euryscaphus atratus Sloane, 1894
* Euryscaphus carbonarius (Laporte, 1867)
* Euryscaphus dilatatus W. J. Macleay, 1865
* Euryscaphus obesus (W. J. Macleay, 1863)
* Euryscaphus subsulcatus Blackburn, 1888
* Euryscaphus waterhousei (W. J. Macleay, 1864)
# Esther Medina Hernández

Esther Medina Hernández is a Mexican potter, known for her barrel cactus shaped wares.
Medina Hernández is from a small town called Los Reyes Mezontala, Puebla, which has been a pottery-making community since its founding. It is a Mixtec community near the Cerro Coronillas mountain which provides black and reddish clay. She learned the trade from her parents, making pots, comals, storage containers and other utilitarian items. She currently works with her family to make many of these same pieces, but has become known for a particular style of storage jar of her invention, called a “biznaga” or barrel cactus. This is the most popular piece, created in the shape of this plant, including the corrugated sides, all shaped by hand. The pieces are shaped and dried, the piece is burnished with a gourd shell and some receive a coating of white or one of a rust color. Then it is polished again so that it shines after firing. The larger pieces can be dyed in a boiling bath using plants such as cuaxiote or palo mulato. Firing is done above ground with the pots covered in wood another fuel which is set alight.
# Esther McCready

Esther McCready (January 10, 1931 – September 2, 2020) was a nurse and teacher who desegregated the University of Maryland School of Nursing in 1950. The case was filed in 1949 in Baltimore City Court by National Association for the Advancement of Colored People lawyers Charles Hamilton Houston and Donald Gaines Murray (McCready v. Byrd, 1949). After the court sided with the university, the case went to the Maryland Court of Appeals, where it was argued by Houston, Murray, and Thurgood Marshall. The lower court's ruling was overturned by the Maryland Court of Appeals, and McCready began classes on September 5, 1950. She is in the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame.
After she graduated in 1953, McCready continued her career working for Druid Health Center, Morgan State University as head nurse, Cornell Medical Center in post-operative recovery, Harlem Hospital in the emergency room, and at New York University. Her career also included years as a general education teacher in public school in New York. In addition to nursing, McCready attended the Manhattan School of Music, where she earned a master's degree. She participated in traveling opera groups who toured around United States and Europe.

## Early life

Esther McCready was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and grew up in East Baltimore. Her parents, John and Elizabeth McCready, both were not involved in medicine or politics. She grew up with three other siblings in a loving household. She attended the segregated Dunbar High School in Baltimore, earning acclaim as an honor student. She also worked as a nurses' aide at Sinai Hospital. From a young age, Esther always knew she wanted to be in the nursing field from watching the way nurses worked during her visits to the hospital for routine check-ups.
# Izumi Kazuto

Izumi Kazuto (かずと いずみ, Kazuto Izumi) is a Japanese manga artist.

## Biography

She is currently living in Tokyo, but was born in Ota, Tokyo.

## Works
### Manga

* Choco Parfait (ちょこパフェ), published in Manga Time from 2003 to 2004.
** Note: She published the manga under the name Izumi (いずみ).
* Volume 1: ISBN 978-4-8322-7509-6
* Volume 2: ISBN 978-4-8322-7540-9
* Binbō Shimai Monogatari (貧乏姉妹物語)
** Published by Shogakukan and is serialized in Sunday GX from February 2004 till January 2006 with a total of 4 volumes.
* Volume 1: ISBN 978-4-09-157341-4
* Volume 2: ISBN 978-4-09-157019-2
* Volume 3: ISBN 978-4-09-157059-8
* Volume 4: ISBN 978-4-09-157078-9

### Artbooks

Yorimichi Drop (よりみちドロップ)
* Published in March 2007.
** ISBN 9784757734470
# Aniba ferrea

Aniba ferrea is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Brazil.
# Bott cannibalistic class

In mathematics, the Bott cannibalistic class, introduced by Raoul Bott (1962), is an element $\theta _{k}(V)$ of the representation ring of a compact Lie group that describes the action of the Adams operation $\psi ^{k}$ on the Thom class $\lambda _{V}$ of a complex representation $V$. The term "cannibalistic" for these classes was introduced by Frank Adams (1965, p.151).
# Box Canyon Site

The Box Canyon Site is a prehistoric archaeological site in Hidalgo County, New Mexico. The site was occupied during the Animas phase (1200–1350); some artifacts may also date from the Salado phase (1350–1450) The principal feature of the site is an adobe house mound containing more than 100 rooms. A 1962 excavation explored 18 of the rooms; artifacts recovered from the investigation include ceramics, stone and metal flakes, and some cobbles.
The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on Jan. 28, 1993.
# Box Canyon Dam (Washington)

Box Canyon Dam is a gravity-type hydroelectric dam on the Pend Oreille River, in northeastern Washington state in the United States.
It has a capacity of 90 MW and an average expected production of 60 MW. The reservoir extends 55 miles (89 km). The dam is 160 feet (49 m) wide and 62.4 feet (19.0 m) high at the top of the gates. The maximum head of water is 46 feet (14 m). It produces power using four Kaplan turbines. An upgrade completed in 2015 brought the dam's rated capacity up to 90 MW from the original 69 MW.
# Ixi

IXI or Ixi can refer to:
* Ixi (singer) [de] (born 1962), German singer
* IXI Limited, a British software company that existed from 1987 to 1993
* Ixi software, an experimental project for generative music begun in 2001
* code for Lilabari Airport in North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
* IXI (digital audio player), a prototype for a digital music player invented in 1979
* 1 × 1, a 1944 book of poetry by E. E. Cummings, sometimes stylized I × I
# Ixi lang

Ixi lang is a programming language for live coding musical expression. It is taught at diverse levels of musical education and used in Algorave performances. Like many other live coding languages, such TidalCycles, ixi lang is a domain-specific language that embraces simplicity and constraints in design.
In 2015, ixi lang was presented at the Loop summit, organised by the music software manufacturer Ableton, where it gained critical acclaim as an alternative way of making music in the studio as well as in live performance. Mark Smith, of techno-duo Garland writes about the language: "By entering the name of a sound, drawing your own bars and typing notes with numbers, you can make simple beats and melodies almost immediately. If you memorise a few different command lines a broad range of modulations and structural changes becomes possible. Whatever simple information you entered beforehand becomes hugely pliable – and you can do all this to your own uploaded bank of samples. Given that just about anyone can get up and running with a few minutes, those who are willing to put their time into live coding software like ixi lang can reach highly intuitive and fluid levels of improvised composition".
Ixi lang is used internationally, for example by members of the Quase-Linema Lab collective in Brazil, Belisha Beacon, Section 9 and Deerful in the UK, or by the Paris-based Sougata Bhattacharya. Ixi Lang is referenced in various live coding literature and has influenced other live coding systems such as Gibber, EarSketch, WulfCode and Sonic Pi.
# First Baptist Church of Fincastle, Virginia

The First Baptist Church of Fincastle, Virginia was started in October 1831 by slaves in Fincastle, Virginia, United States.

## History
### Church origins

During this period, slaves were only able to meet for religious services, and often only under the eyes of a white observer. "Father Dempsey gathered three blacks, one of whom was a slave, and allowed them to sit in the local all-white church's balcony. In accordance with the laws of the time, they could listen to the service, but they could not fully participate. Black membership quickly grew, and on July 22, 1848 Benjamin Ammen suggested that an African Church be formulated in Fincastle. The Fincastle African Church was admitted under the watchful care of the white church in the Valley Baptist Association on June 23, 1849, and in 1866, the watch care was discontinued.

### Civil War and after

After the Civil War ended, the following freemen acted as trustees for the new African Baptist Church: Rev. John "Jack" Jones; William F. Bannister; Edmund Gilliam; Jefferson Gilmore; Samuel Pogue; Anderson Miller and John Foster. "In 1866, freedmen purchased for $50.00 cash in hand, a parcel of land from John and Lucy Linkenaugher."
The first church framed building was destroyed by fire, and under the direction of Rev. Jack Jones' leadership, the present church building was built. With the assistance of the Freedmen Bureau of Philadelphia, the First African Church of Fincastle was built by the freed slaves. The bricks were handmade, and the walls are between 8-11 inches thick. In addition to the services of the Captain Charles S. Schaffer, a Baptist missionary from the north, and donations given by the nearly penniless ex-slaves, the church construction began. The Botetourt School Board helped build the church foundation with the stipulation the basement would be used for 20 years as a school for the black children of the town.
The African-American Baptist Church of Fincastle was named the First Baptist Church, and was part of the Valley Colored Association, first formed by Elder Jack Jones.

### Twentieth century

As the black community began to disperse following World War II, six new churches from the Fincastle Baptist Church sprang up in Botetourt County, Virginia: Lapsley's Run Baptist Church, Springwood Baptist Church, Amsterdam Baptist Church, Gravel Hill Baptist Church, Hardy, Virginia, Midway Baptist Church and Lily of the Valley Baptist Church.
In 1980 the church choir participated in a video cassette production of a history of African American music.
In 2017, the grave of Private Pleasant Richardson was decorated by the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War in a Memorial Day observance. "He was a consistent member of the First Baptist Church of Fincastle, Virginia. He was a soldier par excellence and next to his religion prided in this fact. It was very appropriate that he answered his last bugle call on Memorial Day."
# Ilex harrisii

Ilex harrisii is a species of plant in the family Aquifoliaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica.
# Minsk Cycling Club

Minsk Cycling Club may refer to:
* Minsk Cycling Club (men's team), a professional cycling team that competes on the UCI Continental circuits
* Minsk Cycling Club (women's team), a professional cycling team that competes on the UCI Women's World Tour
# Francis O. Schmitt

Francis Otto Schmitt (November 23, 1903 – October 3, 1995) was an American biologist and Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Schmitt was born November 23, 1903, to Otto and Clara Schmitt, in South St. Louis, Missouri. He had two siblings, Otto and Viola. Schmitt's father owned and operated a paint and wallpaper supply store that he established with his father in-law. The store was located on the first floor of the three-story family home. The family rented out the second-floor apartments and lived in the eight rooms on the third floor (Schmitt, 6–8).
Schmitt received an A.B. in 1924 and a Ph.D. in physiology in 1927 from Washington University in St. Louis, where he met and was mentored by John Paul Visscher. During a summer research program at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in 1923, he worked with Haldan Keffer Hartline under the supervision Jacques Loeb and Thomas Hunt Morgan. Schmitt joined the faculty in 1929 and taught zoology until 1941. He collaborated extensively with Arthur H. Compton to develop x-ray diffraction techniques for biological macro-structures like muscles and nerves.
Some of Schmitt's and his colleagues' most promising work was done with collagen, fibrinogen, striated, and smooth muscle, along with the fibrous proteins of neurons (Schmitt, 150). In 1952, Schmitt was working with two British students in order to teach them about electron microscopy. Using this new technology, these two students proposed the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction. Groundbreaking research was constantly coming out of his lab.
In 1941, Schmitt was recruited by MIT's Karl Compton and Vannevar Bush to lead radically new Department of Biology there that would combine biology, physics, mathematics, and chemistry. Schmitt became an authority on electron microscopy and conducted innovative studies on kidney function, tissue metabolism, and the chemistry, physiology, biochemistry, and electrophysiology of the nerve. He became Institute Professor in 1955 and professor emeritus in 1973. In 1962, Schmitt helped to found the Neurosciences Research Program and served as its chairman from 1962 to 1974. Schmitt was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and a former president of the Electron Microscope Society of America. He was awarded the Albert Lasker Award in 1956, the Alsop Award in 1947, and the T. Duckett Jones Award in 1963.
# Dynamite Canyon

Dynamite Canyon is a 1941 American Western film directed by Robert Emmett Tansey and written by Robert Emmett Tansey and Frances Kavanaugh. The film stars Tom Keene, Sugar Dawn, Slim Andrews, Evelyn Finley, Stanley Price and Kenne Duncan. The film was released on August 8, 1941, by Monogram Pictures.

## Cast

* Tom Keene as Tom Evans / Ed 'Trigger' Jones
* Sugar Dawn as Sugar Gray
* Slim Andrews as Slim
* Evelyn Finley as Midge Reed
* Stanley Price as Duke Rand
* Kenne Duncan as Rod
* Gene Alsace as Regan
* Tom London as Captain Gray
* Fred Hoose as Colonel Blake
* Rusty the Horse as Rusty
# Benjamin Levinsky

Benjamin Levinsky (1893 – December 5, 1922) was an American gang leader, labor racketeer and organized crime figure. Spending almost twenty years in and out of reformatories and prisons, Levinsky had a lengthy criminal record prior to the start of Prohibition. He was first arrested in 1902 for incorrigibility and sent to a reformatory asylum. He was caught pickpocketing five years later and was imprisoned on a variety of charges over the next decade including petty theft, grand larceny, felonious assault and vagrancy. He became involved in labor racketeering in Manhattan's Lower East Side and, prior to the third "Labor Slugger War", Levinsky reportedly became "a thorn in the side of clothing contractors". Due to his unionizing activities, he apparently became the target of assassination by certain business interests. Other sources claim he headed a gang of gunmen and thieves which began muscling in on the territory of other "labor sluggers", particularly that of newsboy and labor racketeer William Lipshitz.
On the morning of December 5, 1922, Levinsky was shot and killed by Lipshitz while entering a Broadway loft building where he was employed as a cutter for the Levinson Brothers. He had driven to work in a taxi with Benjamin Massauer, an ex-convict who had spent the night at his home, and who had told the driver to stop the cab when two shots were heard shortly after Levinsky entered the building. As a crowd gathered in front of the building, Lipshitz ran out from the doorway and into a patrolman who had arrived at the scene. When questioned, he denied any knowledge of the shooting and claimed to have been buying a suit when the murder took place.
Both Lipshitz and Massauer were taken to the Mercer Street police station where they were further questioned by police. Lipshitz maintained he had no involvement in Levinsky's murder but was caught lying when he claimed to have no criminal record. He had been using the alias William Levine but admitted to being William Lipshitz when confronted with his photo in the precinct's Rogue's Gallery. A witness also claimed to have seen he and Levinsky fighting in the doorway when the shooting occurred. Lipshitz was eventually charged with Levinsky's death while Massauer was held as a material witness until paroled in the custody of lawyer Hyman Bushel who had been hired by Levinsky's family. Although police suspected his murder had been committed by a personal enemy, Bushel later issued a statement from the family claiming that Levinsky had been murdered as the result of a murder contract by businessmen.
# Egocentric predicament

Egocentric predicament, a term coined by Ralph Barton Perry in an article (Journal of Philosophy 1910), is the problem of not being able to view reality outside of our own perceptions. All worldly knowledge takes the form of mental representations that our mind examines in different ways. Direct contact with reality cannot be made outside of our own minds; therefore, we cannot be sure reality even exists. This means that we are each limited to our own perceptual world and views. Solipsism is an extension of this which assumes that only one's own mind is sure to exist.
Since 1710, when George Berkeley broached in his fashion the problem of the egocentric predicament, denying the existence of material substance except as ideas in the minds of perceivers, and thus asserting a problematical relation with reality, hence has this thesis proved a stumbling block.
   After we came out of the church, we stood talking for some time together of Bishop Berkeley's ingenious sophistry to prove the non-existence of matter, and that every thing in the universe is merely ideal. I observed, that though we are satisfied his doctrine is not true, it is impossible to refute it. I never shall forget the alacrity with which Johnson answered, striking his foot with mighty force against a large stone, till he rebounded from it, 'I refute it thus.'
Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson
Samuel Johnson is well known for his "refutation" of Bishop Berkeley's immaterialism, his claim that matter did not actually exist but only seemed to exist: during a conversation with Boswell, Johnson powerfully stomped a nearby stone and proclaimed of Berkeley's theory, "I refute it thus!"
Both Perry's concept and the term he used influenced American philosopher, Everett W. Hall to create the solecism "the categorio-centric predicament" to express the impossibility of seeing the world outside the "categories" imposed by one's native language and conceptual scheme.
# Effelder-Rauenstein

Effelder-Rauenstein is a former municipality in the Sonneberg district of Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2012, it is part of the municipality Frankenblick.
# IPCC (disambiguation)

The IPCC, or Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, is a scientific body under the auspices of the United Nations.
IPCC may also refer to:

## Other organisations

* Independent Police Complaints Commission, defunct public body in England and Wales
* Independent Police Complaints Council of the Hong Kong Government
* Independent Police Conduct Commission, Malaysian oversight body
* Irish Peatland Conservation Council, charity to preserve bogs

## Other uses

* Integrated Professional Competency Course, a course of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
* Interworld Police Coordinating Company, a fictional organization in Jack Vance's novels
# Edward Peter McManaman

Edward Peter McManaman (May 3, 1900 – July 18, 1964) was a bishop of the Catholic Church in the United States. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Erie from 1948 to 1964.

## Biography

Born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, McManaman studied for the priesthood at the Pontifical North American College in Rome and was ordained a priest there on March 12, 1927. As a priest he served in parish ministry and as the diocesan superintendent of schools. He was named a domestic prelate with the title Monsignor on May 24, 1947.
On July 24, 1948 Pope Pius XII appointed McManaman as the Titular Bishop of Floriana and Auxiliary Bishop of Erie. He was consecrated a bishop in St. Peter's Cathedral in Erie by Bishop John M. Gannon on October 28, 1948. The principal co-consecrators were Bishops William J. Hafey of Scranton and William T. McCarty, C.Ss.R. of Rapid City.
McManaman served as auxiliary bishop until his death on July 18, 1964, at the age of 64.
# Liquid handling robot

A liquid handling robot is used to automate workflows in life science laboratories. It is a robot that dispenses a selected quantity of reagent, samples or other liquid to a designated container.

## Introduction

Liquid handling plays a pivotal role in life science laboratories. The sample volumes are usually small, at the micro- or nanoliter level, and the number of transferred samples can be huge. Under these conditions, liquid handling by hand is tedious, time-consuming, and impractical. Consequently, there is a strong demand for automated liquid handling robots.

## Types of liquid handling robots

The simplest version simply dispenses an allotted volume of liquid from a motorized pipette or syringe; more complicated machines can also manipulate the position of the dispensers and containers (often a Cartesian coordinate robot, and/or integrate additional laboratory devices, such as centrifuges, microplate readers, heat sealers, heater/shakers, bar code readers, spectrophotometric devices, storage devices and incubators.
More complex liquid handling workstations can perform multiple Laboratory Unit Operations such as sample transport, sample mixing, manipulation and incubation, as well as transporting vessels to/from other workstations.
An alternative category of liquid handlers mimics the operations of humans, by performing liquid transfers as humans would do. These robots achieve the cartesian, 3-axis movements implemented in larger workstations, by means of an arm.

## Modularity

Liquid handling robots can be customized using different add-on modules such as centrifuges, PCR machines, colony pickers, shaking modules, heating modules and others. Some liquid handling robots utilize Acoustic Liquid Handling (also known as acoustic droplet ejection or ADE) which uses sound to move liquids without the traditional pipette or syringe.

## Quality Control

One of the challenges in using automated liquid handlers, or liquid handling robots, is in verifying the proper function of the device. Liquid handling operations, performed by these automated systems, can fail due to clogged pipette tips, failed solenoid valves, damaged labware, operator error and many other reasons. A variety of methods exist for performing quality control of liquid dispensing on automated platforms including gravimetric, fluorescent and colorimetric measurements. In addition to manual quality control methods, technologies have been developed which allow for the automated monitoring of quality control of liquid handling robots.
# Avelino Porto

Avelino José Porto (5 November 1935 – 12 September 2024) was an Argentine lawyer and the founder of the University of Belgrano in Buenos Aires. Also, he served as Minister of Health during the presidency of Carlos Menem in 1991.

## Life and career

Porto attended to the Liceo General San Martín, a military high school of the Argentine Army. Later he earned a Law degree at the University of Buenos Aires in 1959. He started as a clerk in a criminal court.
In 1964 he founded the University of Belgrano, which is one of the oldest private universities in Argentina and since that time until 2021 he was the dean of the institution. After that he was related to organizations about education in South America and was a founder member of the Argentine National Academy of Education in 1984.
During the presidency of Carlos Menem he was designated Minister of Health and he served in charge between 16 January and 3 December 1991. In 1992 he was the candidate of the Justicialist Party representing Buenos Aires city, but he was defeated by Fernando de la Rúa.
Porto died on 12 September 2024, at the age of 88.