OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marcus Kimball

Marcus Richard Kimball, Baron Kimball (18 October 1928 – 26 March 2014) was a British Conservative politician.

## Early life

The son of Major Lawrence Kimball, he was born in Marylebone, London, and educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became a farmer and a Lloyd's underwriter. He was a councillor on Rutland County Council and commanded a squadron of the Leicestershire Yeomanry.

## Political career

Kimball contested Derby South in 1955.
He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Gainsborough from a 1956 by-election until 1983. While representing this constituency, he wrote to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, after Argentina's invasion of the Falkland Islands, that he felt the British government should "let the Argentinians have the Falklands with as little fuss as possible". This letter, apparently written without the knowledge of his constituency party, remained secret until revealed by the release of part of the Thatcher archive in 2013.
According to his obituary he treated his constituents in much the same way as he treated the tenants of his Market Harborough and Altnaharra estates advising potential MPs not to promise to hold surgeries and not to live in the constituency unless sure there was a good local hunt.
Kimball opposed separate taxation for women in 1978, saying women just gave the bill to their husbands.
Knighted in 1981, Kimball was subsequently given a life peerage as Baron Kimball, of Easton in the County of Leicestershire on 9 May 1985.

## Hunting interests

A keen huntsman, Kimball was joint master of the Fitzwilliam Hunt 1952 and 1953, and the Cottesmore Hunt 1953–58. He was chairman of the British Field Sports Society 1966–82, and its President 1996–98. He was vice-president of its successor organisation, the Countryside Alliance from 1998. He indirectly gave money to an anti-field sports organisation after an Industrial Tribunal ruled that he sacked his housekeeper unfairly and she donated part of her compensation.

## Other interests

In March 1993, he was appointed Chairman of the British Greyhound Racing Trust, a position he held until 1996. He also held senior positions in show jumping, light horse breeding organisations and in the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.
He died at the age of 85 on 26 March 2014.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Marcus Kimball :
* CoronetCoronet of a Baron
* CrestIn front of two Arrows points downwards saltirewise Gules a Bull's Head erased Sable armed Or ducally gorged also Gules between two Branches of Laurel fructed proper
* EscutcheonArgent a Pale Gules charged with a Lion rampant of the field on a Chief Sable a Bezant between two Crescents Or
* SupportersOn either side a Wild Turkey proper
* MottoStrive for the gain of all
# Heid (name)

Heid is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Bill Heid (born 1948), American jazz musician
* Chris Heid (born 1983), Canadian-German ice hockey player
* Jack Heid (1924–1987), American cyclist
* Heid E. Erdrich (born 1963), Native American writer
* Rik Heid, American para-alpine skier
# Fred Optical Engineering Software

Fred Optical Engineering Software (FRED) is a commercial 3D CAD computer program for optical engineering used to simulate the propagation of light through optical systems. Fred can handle both incoherent and coherent light using Gaussian beam propagation. The program offers a high level of visualization using a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) parametric interface. According to the publisher, Photon Engineering, the name "Fred" is not an acronym, and does not mean anything.
Fred allows for non-sequential raytracing with support to raytrace on up to 63 cores. Fred also features a downhill simplex optimizer where the user can specify variables, merit function and multiple targets for optimization. The program can import and export IGES, STEP, and OBJ CAD formats. Fred is also compatible with other hardware measured light source measurement software such as ProSource. Fred can also interact with MATLAB and Mathematica using an OLE Automation Client/Server interface.
Fred was used in the design of the NOAO's Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
Fred is available in three editions.
# Fort Collins Municipal Railway No. 22

The Fort Collins Municipal Railway Car No. 22 is a streetcar listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Since 1995, the car has been located in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
The car was built for use in Fort Collins, Colorado, by the American Car Company of St. Louis in 1919 and was used until 1951, when the streetcar service in Fort Collins was abandoned. It is a type of streetcar known as a Birney "Safety Car". The Rocky Mountain Railroad Club purchased it in 1953 and moved it to Denver. After five years in storage, car 22 was moved to the Colorado Railroad Museum in 1958 and put on display there.
In 1994, the Rocky Mountain Railroad Club began leasing No. 22 to the Pikes Peak Historical Street Railway Foundation (PPHSRF), in Colorado Springs, and the car was moved there in 1995. When the 10-year lease expired, the Rocky Mountain Railroad Club agreed to sell the streetcar to the PPHSRF, which has a short section of operational streetcar line. In 2007, PPHSRF, now doing business under the name of the former Colorado Springs & Interurban Railway (CS&IR), changed No. 22's current identity by giving it a new paint scheme and renumbering it as CS&IR No. 135.
Car 135, ex-Fort Collins 22, is one of two preserved Fort Collins streetcars listed on the National Register. The other is Fort Collins Municipal Railway Birney Safety Streetcar No. 21.
A third Birney-type streetcar listed on the National Register is Birney Safety Streetcar No. 224, in Fort Smith, Arkansas.
# Fiji women's national under-18 basketball team

The Fiji women's national under-18 basketball team is a national basketball team of Fiji, administered by the Fiji Amateur Basketball Federation.
It represents the country in international under-18 (under age 18) women's basketball competitions.
# Fred Anderson (journalist)

Fred Anderson (1936–1996) was an American television news reporter and journalist in Los Angeles, California.
Anderson was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1936, and studied music before becoming interested in radio broadcasting. He worked at radio stations in Boston MA, Roanoke VA, and New Orleans LA. In 1960, he moved with his wife and two young daughters to Los Angeles with no prospects, and on his first day, walked into KABC Radio, and was hired on the spot. He later moved to KABC-TV, where he remained for 27 years to become the well-known voice of "Good News". He received an Emmy Award for a feature on battered children.
He died on 23 June 1996 in Los Angeles, of complications following heart surgery.
# Harold Ferguson

Harold Ferguson may refer to:
* Harold S. Ferguson (1851–1921), Scottish zoologist who worked in India
* Harold Ferguson High School, an alternative high school in Loveland, Colorado
* Harold Ferguson, character in Executive Action (film)
# Heidal

Heidal or Heidalen is a valley in Sel Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The U-shaped valley follows the river Sjoa which begins in the nearby Jotunheimen mountains eastward until it joins the Gudbrandsdalslågen river in the main valley which runs through the region, Gudbrandsdalen. The western end of the Sjoa river valley is in Vågå Municipality and there, it is called the Sjodalen valley. From 1908-1965, the Heidal valley was an independent municipality called Heidal, and since 1965, it has been a part of Sel Municipality. The main urban area in the valley is the village of Bjølstad.
The valley runs northwest from the village of Sjoa for about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) to the village of Bjølstad where the valley curves to the southwest/south for about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) before entering Vågå municipality. After entering Vågå, the valley becomes much narrower as it enters into the Jotunheimen mountains and heading to the source of the river, the large lake Gjende.

## History

In the year 1177, Ivar Gjæsling was King Magnus IV's lendmann for the Opplands. Gjesling allied himself with the Birkebeiners (who chose Sverre as their king at Øreting in Nidaros in 1177). In return, King Sverre granted Gjesling the whole Heidal valley.
Heidal is rich in beauty and tradition. It has a high concentration of older protected timber houses and farmsteads. The main industries are agriculture and forestry. Local traditions includes carpentry, wood carving, painting and weaving.
Heidal Church (Heidal Kyrkje) was built during the period 1937-41 as an exact replica of a 1754 church which was destroyed after being struck by lightning in 1933. Heidal Church is a cruciform church as are most of the churches in the Gudbrand Valley. The church was built of wood. It has about 300 seats and three galleries. The church was designed by architect Bredo Berntsen (1877–1957). The altarpiece is a work by the Norwegian sculptor Jakob Klukstad. Near the church stands the Bjølstad Chapel (Bjølstad-kapellet). Bjølstad Chapel seating 75 and dates from around 1531.
* Heidal Church
* Bjølstad Chapel
Some locations in the valley allow guided tours, including the Søre Harildstad farm and Bjølstad Chapel. Farms like the Bjølstad Farm are not open to the public. At the Bjølstad Farm the newest building was constructed in about 1820 and the farm has been in the same family since the 13th century.
# Spreewaldsauce

Spreewaldsauce is a traditional thickened sauce used in the cuisines of Brandenburg and Berlin which is particularly eaten with fish such as eel, pike or zander. Even if it is very similar to the French Béchamel sauce, it is said that its recipe does not derive from the Huguenots but is of a much older and regional source.
To prepare the sauce fish fond and bright roux are mixed and the emerging sauce is refined with butter, cream, parsley and dill. There are some variations and depending on the recipe one could also use flour mixed with cream instead of roux, add some bright beer or thickened with egg yolk.

## History

The famous German poet Theodor Fontane wrote about the Spreewaldsauce: „Das wäre kein Spreewaldsmahl, wenn kein Hecht auf dem Tisch stände, und das wäre kein Hecht, wenn ihn nicht die berühmte Spreewaldsauce begleitete, die mir wichtig genug erscheint, um hier das Rezept in seinen äußersten Umrissen folgen zu lassen. Das Geheimnis dieser Sauce ruht in der kurzen Formel: wenig Butter, aber viel Sahne.“ (It would not be a meal in the Spreewald if there wasn't a pike on the table and this would not be a pike if it wasn't accompanied by the famous Spreewaldsauce which seems important enough for me to outline its recipe here. The secret of this sauce is the short formula: little butter but an abundance of cream.)
# Ferroelectric liquid crystal display

Ferroelectric liquid-crystal display (FLCD) is a display technology based on the ferroelectric properties of chiral smectic liquid crystals as proposed in 1980 by Clark and Lagerwall. Reportedly discovered in 1975, several companies pursued the development of FLCD technologies, notably Canon and Central Research Laboratories (CRL), along with others including Seiko, Sharp, Mitsubishi and GEC. Canon and CRL pursued different technological approaches with regard to the switching of display cells, these providing the individual pixels or subpixels, and the production of intermediate pixel intensities between full transparency and full opacity, these differing approaches being adopted by other companies seeking to develop FLCD products.

## Development

By 1985, Seiko had already demonstrated a colour FLCD panel able to display a 10-inch diagonal still image with a resolution of 640 x 400. By 1993, Canon had delivered the first commercial application of the technology in its EZPS Japanese-language desktop publishing system in the form of a 15-inch monochrome display with a reported cost of around £2,000, and the company demonstrated a 21-inch 64-colour display and a 24-inch 16-greyscale display, both with a 1280 x 1024 resolution and able to show "GUI software with multiple windows". Other applications included projectors, viewfinders and printers.
The FLCD did not make many inroads as a direct view display device. Manufacturing of larger FLCDs was problematic making them unable to compete against direct view LCDs based on nematic liquid crystals using the Twisted nematic field effect or In-Plane Switching. Today, the FLCD is used in reflective microdisplays based on Liquid Crystal on Silicon technology. Using ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) in FLCoS technology allows a much smaller display area which eliminates the problems of manufacturing larger area FLC displays. Additionally, the dot pitch or pixel pitch of such displays can be as low as 6 μm giving a very high resolution display in a small area. To produce color and grey-scale, time multiplexing is used, exploiting the sub-millisecond switching time of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. These microdisplays find applications in 3D head mounted displays (HMDs), image insertion in surgical microscopes, and electronic viewfinders where direct-view LCDs fail to provide more than 600 ppi resolution.
Ferroelectric LCoS also finds commercial uses in Structured illumination for 3D-Metrology and Super-resolution microscopy. Some commercial products use FLCD. High switching speed allows building optical switches and shutters in printer heads.
# Fred Hovey Allen

Fred Hovey Allen (1845–1926) was an American Congregational clergyman and author, best known as the inventor of the first photogravure plates for art reproduction made in the United States.

## Biography

Fred Hovey Allen was born in Lyme, New Hampshire on October 1, 1845. He graduated from the Hartford Theological Seminary, and studied at Boston University and in Europe at the Universities of Berlin, Vienna, and Paris.
He died in Manhattan on December 26, 1926.
His writings include:
* Masterpieces of Modern German Art (1884)
* Recent German Art (1885)
* Grand Modern Paintings (1888)
# Speed skating at the 1998 Winter Olympics – Women's 5000 metres

The women's 5000 metres in speed skating at the 1998 Winter Olympics took place on February 20, at the M-Wave.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows:
| World record | Gunda Niemann-Kleemann (GER) | 7:03.26 | Calgary, Canada | 26 March 1994 |
| Olympic record | Yvonne van Gennip (NED) | 7:14.13 | Calgary, Canada | 28 February 1988 |
The following new World and Olympic records was set during this competition.
| Date | Pair | Athlete | Country | Time | OR | WR |
| February 20 | Pair 2 | Tonny de Jong | Netherlands | 7:12.77 | OR | |
| February 20 | Pair 5 | Lyudmila Prokasheva | Kazakhstan | 7:11.14 | OR | |
| February 20 | Pair 7 | Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann | Germany | 6:59.65 | OR | WR |
| February 20 | Pair 8 | Claudia Pechstein | Germany | 6:59.61 | OR | WR |

## Results

| Rank | Pair | Lane | Name | Country | Time | Behind | Notes |
| | 8 | O | Claudia Pechstein | Germany | 6:59.61 | - | (WR) |
| | 7 | O | Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann | Germany | 6:59.65 | +0.04 | |
| | 5 | O | Lyudmila Prokasheva | Kazakhstan | 7:11.14 | +11.53 | |
| 4 | 6 | O | Barbara de Loor | Netherlands | 7:11.81 | +12.20 | |
| 5 | 2 | O | Tonny de Jong | Netherlands | 7:12.77 | +13.16 | |
| 6 | 3 | O | Carla Zijlstra | Netherlands | 7:12.89 | +13.28 | |
| 7 | 5 | I | Kirstin Holum | United States | 7:14.20 | +14.59 | |
| 8 | 6 | I | Emese Hunyady | Austria | 7:15.23 | +15.62 | |
| 9 | 4 | I | Elena Belci | Italy | 7:15.58 | +15.97 | |
| 10 | 7 | I | Jennifer Rodriguez | United States | 7:16.78 | +17.17 | |
| 11 | 1 | O | Mie Uehara | Japan | 7:21.72 | +22.11 | |
| 12 | 3 | I | Svetlana Vysokova | Russia | 7:22.18 | +22.58 | |
| 13 | 1 | I | Anette Tønsberg | Norway | 7:28.39 | +28.78 | |
| 14 | 8 | I | Heike Warnicke | Germany | 7:30.83 | +31.22 | |
| 15 | 2 | I | Nami Nemoto | Japan | 7:36.77 | +37.16 | |
# FIS Cross-Country Balkan Cup

The FIS Cross-Country Balkan Cup is a series of cross-country skiing events arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS). It is one of the nine FIS Cross-Country Continental Cups, a second-level competition ranked below the World Cup. The Balkan Cup is open for competitors from all nations, but are mainly a competition for skiers from eleven nations; Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Montenegro, Moldova, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Turkey.
The Balkan Cup has been held since the 2005–06 season and has been a part of the Cross-Country Continental Cup since then.

## World Cup qualification

In the end of certain periods, the overall leaders for both genders receive a place in the World Cup in the following period. The overall winners of the season receive a place in the World Cup in the beginning of the following season.

## Overall winners
### Men

| Season | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2005–06 | Veselin Tzinzov (1) | Alexis Gkounko | Faith Yuksel |
| 2006–07 | Paul Constantin Pepene (1) | Sabahattin Oğlago | Izzet Kizilarslan |
| 2007–08 | Veselin Tzinzov (2) | Paul Constantin Pepene | Sabahattin Oğlago |
| 2009 | Paul Constantin Pepene (2) | Petrică Hogiu | Faith Yuksel |
| 2009–10 | Paul Constantin Pepene (3) | Ivan Burgov | Darko Damjanovski |
| 2011 | Veselin Tzinzov (3) | Ivan Burgov | Mladen Plakalović |
| 2012 | Paul Constantin Pepene (4) | Veselin Tzinzov | Petrică Hogiu |
| 2013 | Veselin Tzinzov (3) | Edi Dadić | Andrej Burić |
| 2014 | Andrey Gridin | Edi Dadić | Milanko Petrović |
| 2015 | Paul Constantin Pepene (5) | Veselin Tzinzov | Petrică Hogiu |
| 2016 | Veselin Tzinzov (4) | Mladen Plakalović | Damir Rastič |
| 2017 | Veselin Tzinzov (5) | Damir Rastič | Edi Dadić |
| 2018 | Nikolay Vijaczev (2) | Martin Penchev | Yordan Chuchuganov |
| 2019 | Strahinja Erić | Edi Dadić | Stefan Anić |
| 2020 | Petrică Hogiu | Strahinja Erić | Ömer Ayçiçek |
| 2021 | Paul Constantin Pepene (6) | Strahinja Erić | Petrică Hogiu |

### Women

| Season | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2005–06 | Antoniya Grigorova (1) | Ljunosłava Djulgerova | Katerina Taoula |
| 2006–07 | Kelime Çetinkaya (1) | Mónika György | Raluca Farkas |
| 2007–08 | Kelime Çetinkaya (2) | Mónika György | Antoniya Grigorova |
| 2009 | Kelime Çetinkaya (3) | Mónika György | Ionela Gabriela Leanca |
| 2009–10 | Antoniya Grigorova (2) | Teodora Malcheva | Mónika György |
| 2011 | Teodora Malcheva (1) | Maria Boumpa | Kamelia Ileva |
| 2012 | Antoniya Grigorova (3) | Mónika György | Katalin Ferencz |
| 2013 | Teodora Malcheva (2) | Vedrana Malec | Antoniya Grigorova |
| 2014 | Antoniya Grigorova (4) | Teodora Malcheva | Vedrana Malec |
| 2015 | Tanja Karišik | Timea Sara | Vedrana Malec |
| 2016 | Vedrana Malec (1) | Zozan Malkoç | Ayşe Saydam |
| 2017 | Vedrana Malec (2) | Sanja Kusmuk | Maria Danu |
| 2018 | Nansi Okoro | Anja Ilić | Maria Danu |
| 2019 | Vedrana Malec (3) | Sanja Kusmuk | Anja Ilić |
| 2020 | Vedrana Malec (4) | Maida Drndić | Anja Ilić |
| 2021 | Tena Hadžić | Tímea Lőrincz | Anja Ilić |
# Fred Anderson Quartet Volume One

Fred Anderson Quartet Volume One is an album by American jazz saxophonist Fred Anderson which was recorded live during the 1998 season at the Chicago club owned by Anderson, the Velvet Lounge, and released on the Asian Improv label. The Anderson's Quartet features longtime partner trumpeter Bill Brimfield, drummer Chad Taylor and Asian American bassist Tatsu Aoki.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
In her review for AllMusic, Joslyn Layne states about Anderson that "His horn has a time-carved warmth that somewhat recalls the warm sound of Hank Mobley and early Ben Webster, but remains entirely Anderson's own sound; when he blows, you can hear all the years of playing behind that sound."
The All About Jazz review by Mark Corroto says "Anderson sounds like a mellow Ornette Coleman on tenor, especially with the addition of Bill Brimfield on trumpet... The grooves, while not laid back, are some of the most accessible and enjoyable free music I’ve heard."

## Track listing

    All compositions by Fred Anderson
* "The Moon Song" - 14:10
* "Dark Day" - 10:57
* "Get It Right" - 22:22
* "Three on Two" - 22:49

## Personnel

* Fred Anderson - tenor sax
* Bill Brimfield - trumpet
* Chad Taylor - drums
* Tatsu Aoki - bass
# Franzoni

Franzoni is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Franzoni (born 1947), American screenwriter
* Enrico Franzoni (1920–2008), Swiss lawyer and politician
* Francesco Antonio Franzoni (1734–1818), Italian sculptor
* Giovanni Battista Franzoni (1928–2017), Italian dissident Catholic theologian
* Giovanni Franzoni (alpine skier) (born 2001), Italian World Cup alpine ski racer
# Galali

Galali may refer to:

## People and languages

* Galali people, an Indigenous Australian people in Queensland
** Kalali language or Galali, a variety of the Bulloo River language
** Galali, a variety of the Wilson River language

## Places

* Galali, Bahrain, an area of Muharraq Island
* Gelali (disambiguation), several places in Iran also known as Galali
# Hamjong Eo clan

Hamjong Eo clan (Korean: 함종 어씨; Hanja: 咸從 魚氏) is a Korean clan. Their Bon-gwan is in Chungsan County, South Pyongan Province. As of 2015, the clan had a membership of 15746. Their founder was Eo Hwa in [ja], who was from Zuopingyi (左馮翊), China. He was exiled to Gangwon Province to avoid conflict in the Song dynasty. After that, he settled in Ham Jong Gun, Pyongan Province, and founded Hamjong Eo clan.
# Ezernya

Ezernya is an ancient Italian city near the Volturno, between the Carpino and Sordo rivers. It was on the important road via Aesernia. In 295 BC it was conquered by the Romans. It became a Roman colony in 264 BC, and issued its own coins.
In 667 it was settled by Bulgars, led by Alcek.
# François-Xavier Kalinda

François-Xavier Kalinda is a Rwandan politician who serves as President of Senate of Rwanda since 9 January 2023. He was born on 31 May 1962. He has a master's degree in law from Ottawa University. He served as Dean at School of Law of University of Rwanda.
# Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies

The Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc., or FAMSI, is a website used for research in pre-Columbian studies and ancient Mesoamerican cultures. FAMSI was formerly an American not-for-profit grant-making research foundation, established 1993 and based in Crystal River, Florida. It provided research grants and resources to scholars focussing on ancient Mesoamerican cultures, including the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and others. Grants were available for projects in archaeology, art history, linguistics, ethnography, epigraphy, sociology, and ethnohistory. The non-profit dissolved in 2012, but its research website has remained active under the administration of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art since 2012.

## Activities
### Funding

During 1993–2007, the Foundation granted 3.2 million US dollars to 445 research projects, with a little under two-thirds of these being archaeological, and the remaining third being work in anthropology, art history, and linguistics, in that order. Grants were suspended starting in 2007 'due to unforeseen and unfortunate circumstances.'

### Other

The Foundation maintained an in-house Mesoamerican library of 6,500 volumes, and provided freely-accessible resources via their website, including a Mesoamerican bibliography of 75,000 titles. The Foundation's website, published in 1997, is thought to have been 'the first publicly available website dedicated to the study of ancient Mesoamerica.' All resources, including digital ones, have been housed or maintained by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art since 2012.