OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Globifomes

Globifomes is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single North American species Globifomes graveolens, commonly known as sweet knot. This fungus is found fruiting singly or in groups on trunks or logs of hardwood trees, primarily oaks. The fruit body consists of a mass of small overlapping hoof-shaped caps arising from a common core. It is initially dull yellow-brown with tan petal-shaped margins, aging to dark brown.

## Taxonomy

Globifomes was circumscribed by William Alphonso Murrill in 1904. The type was originally described as Boletus graveolens by Lewis David de Schweinitz in 1822. The type specimen was collected in Georgia and sent to Schweinitz for identification. The generic name combines the Latin word globus ("globe") with the name Fomes.
Polyporus botryoides, described by Joseph-Henri Léveillé in 1846, was deemed by Murrill to be "probably not distinct" from Globifomes graveolens.
The common name of the fungus, sweet knot, refers to the odor of some specimens of freshly cut tissue. Most fruit bodies, however, do not have this odor.

## Description

Murrill described the characteristics of the genus as follows: "Hymenophore large, woody, encrusted, perennial, epixylous, compound; context ferruginous, pinky, tubes cylindrical, thick-walled, stratose; spores ovoid, smooth, ferruginous."
The fruit bodies of the fungus measure between 5–20.5 cm (2.0–8.1 in) wide and tall, and consist of small overlapping stipe-less caps originating from a central core. Caps have a leathery to rigid texture with a slightly velvety surface and radial wrinkles on the edges. Adjacent caps can be fused together and have petal-shaped projecting margins. Initially dull yellow-brown with a tan margin, they mature to become dark brown to greyish black in age. The fibrous and tough flesh is yellowish brown and up to 6 mm (0.24 in) thick. The pore surface, initially purplish gray before turning dark grayish brown, comprises small circular pores numbering 3–5 per millimeter.
Spores produced by the fungus are cylindrical, thin walled, hyaline (translucent), and measure 10–14 by 3–4.5 μm. They are inamyloid. Globifomes produces a brown spore print.

## Habitat and distribution

Globifomes causes a white rot in the heartwood of broadleaf trees. The fungus is most commonly found in oak (Murrill noted a preference for water oak), but it also occurs on beech. Fruit bodies grow on both living and dead trees.
# Gil Morgenstern

Gil Morgenstern is an American concert violinist, soloist, artistic director, and educator, also known for his interdisciplinary work through the Gil Morgenstern Reflections Series International concerts.

## Early life and musical training

Gil Morgenstern was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey and grew up in Edison. He began studying the violin at the age of five. He studied first with Daniel Schumann and later with Samuel Applebaum, and also performed regularly in public. Morgenstern became a pupil of Ivan Galamian at the age of 13 at the Juilliard pre-college division, entering the conservatory after graduating high school. In 1973, he won first prize for violin in the Washington International Competition. In the same year, he also won first prize in the National Society of Arts and Letters national competition. Gil Morgenstern performed at the White House in 1976 at a state dinner for King Juan Carlos I of Spain.

## Performance career

Morgenstern signed with Columbia Artists Management (CAMI) after graduating from Juilliard. He has performed internationally, including London, Hong Kong, Rome, Paris and Taiwan. Solo performances in the U.S. include St. Louis Symphony, Baltimore Symphony, Louisville Symphony, Indianapolis Symphony, Denver Symphony, Milwaukee Symphony, New Jersey Symphony and North Carolina Symphony. Morgenstern has also performed and collaborated with musicians including Lynn Harrell, Philippe Entremont, Andre-Michel Schub, Jeffrey Kahane, Sharon Isbin, Heinz Holliger, US Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky, Pulitzer Prize winner Yusef Komunyakaa, and performance artist Laurie Anderson. Morgenstern's discography includes works by Beethoven, Fauré, Aaron Copland, Ravel, Kodály, Sessions and George Tsontakis. He has recorded for Koch International Classics, MMC, and Engine Company labels.

## Artistic direction, interdisciplinary programming and pedagogue

In addition to his career as a violinist, Morgenstern has created interdisciplinary performances at Lincoln Center, 92nd Street Y and Harvard University. Morgenstern became artistic director of An Appalachian Summer Festival in Boone, North Carolina in the early 1990s. Under his direction, the festival provided a home for new works in development, including a staged version of Dante's Inferno with original music by Bruce Saylor, directed by Harvard professor Robert Scanlan using Robert Pinsky's translation. In 2006, Morgenstern stepped down as artistic director of An Appalachian Festival but has remained involved as an artist, performing on the chamber music series. Morgenstern and writer Jonathan Levi founded Nine Circles Chamber Theatre in 1999. Morgenstern is also the founder of Reflections Series International, a non-profit that presents interdisciplinary concerts of solo and chamber music juxtaposed with different artistic disciplines. Reflections had its inaugural concert in New York City in 2007 and has subsequently appeared across the U.S. and Europe. In 2014, Morgenstern was invited to be the inaugural Artist-in-Residence for Interdisciplinary Studies at Avenues: The World School in New York City.
# Jassargus

Jassargus is a genus of leafhoppers belonging to the family Cicadellidae. The genus was first described by Zachvatkin in 1934. The species of this genus are found in Europe, Asia, Algeria, Greenland and Canada.

## Species

There are currently over 20 described species in Jassargus:
* Jassargus allobrogicus (Ribaut, 1936)
* Jassargus alpinus Then, 1896
* Jassargus altaicus Vilbaste, 1965
* Jassargus bavaricus (Ribaut, 1936)
* Jassargus bisubulatus (Then, 1896)
* Jassargus caucasicus Logvinenko, 1966
* Jassargus cordiger (Ribaut, 1936)
* Jassargus cylindrius Singh, 1969
* Jassargus danielssoni Dlabola, 1987
* Jassargus dentatus D'Urso, 1980
* Jassargus heptapotamicus Mitjaev, 1967
* Jassargus japheticus Emeljanov, 1966
* Jassargus lagrecai D'Urso, 1982
* Jassargus lunaris Logvinenko, 1961
* Jassargus prometheus Gnezdilov, 1997
* Jassargus pseudocellaris (Flor, 1861)
* Jassargus recens Logvinenko, 1983
* Jassargus refractus Logvinenko, 1965
* Jassargus remanei Quartau, 1986
* Jassargus remotus (Hamilton, 1987)
* Jassargus sursumflexus (Then, 1901)
* Jassargus svaneticus Gnezdilov, 1997
# Fauna of the Falkland Islands
## Coleoptera

* Carabidae
** Migadopini
*** Lissopterus hyadesii falklandicus
*** Lissopterus quadrinotatus
*** Migadops latus lebruni
*** Pseudomigadops falklandicus
*** Pseudomigadops fuscus fuscus
*** Pseudomigadops fuscus sericeus
*** Pseudomigadops handkei handkei
*** Pseudomigadops handkei punctatus
** etc.
* Curculionidae
** Cyclominae
*** Antarctobius abditus
*** Antarctobius bidentatus
*** Antarctobius falklandicus
*** Antarctobius malvinensis
*** Antarctobius vulsus
*** Falklandiellus suffodens
*** Falklandius antarcticus
*** Falklandius goliath
*** Falklandius kuscheli
*** Falklandius turbificatus
*** Germainiellus salebrosus
*** Haversiella albolimbata
*** Lanteriella microphtalma [endemic genus/species]
*** Puranius championi
*** Puranius exculpticollis
*** Puranius scaber
** Entiminae
*** Caneorhinus biangulatus
*** Cylydrorhinus caudiculatus
*** Cylydrorhinus lemniscatus
*** Malvinius compressiventris [endemic genus/species]
*** Malvinius nordenskioeldi [endemic genus/species]
*** Morronia brevirostris [endemic genus/species]
* etc.
# Minnesota Rail Service Improvement Program

The Minnesota Rail Service Improvement Program (MRSI) was created in 1976 to improve Minnesota railroad services. Funding for the MRSI Program was authorized in 1978 and in 1982, a constitutional amendment provided for bonds to be used for the MRSI Program. The program has received general fund appropriations totaling US$16million and bond appropriations totaling $25.5million over the life of the program. The 2003 Legislature rescinded $3.9million on July 1, 2003, and another $2.5million was taken on July 1, 2004. This deduction from the MRSI Program will decrease the general fund appropriations to $9.6million.
# Euphorbia hirsuta

Euphorbia hirsuta is a species of herb in the family Euphorbiaceae.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from Euphorbia hirsuta​. Encyclopedia of Life.
# J. A. Hadfield

James Arthur Hadfield (1882–1967) was a pioneer of psychodynamic psychotherapy in Britain, who became an influential figure at the interwar Tavistock Clinic.
He is perhaps best known as being the analyst of W. R. Bion, while Bion was analysing Samuel Beckett.

## Technique

Coming from an academic background, Hadfield was influenced in his psychological approach by both Carl Jung and William McDougall. Causally, Hadfield favoured lack of parental protection rather than the repression of sexual love as the source of childhood disturbances.
His writings were repeatedly criticised by Ernest Jones for their lack of Freudianism; while his analytic technique has been seen as a reductive attempt to uncover childhood trauma, at the expense of the use of the analytic relationship, and the exploration of transference and countertransference.

## Psychical research

Hadfield was also interested in psychical research. He was a believer in life after death and telepathy. He wrote the chapter "The Mind and the Brain" for the book Immortality: An Essay in Discovery Co-Ordinating Scientific, Psychical, and Biblical Research (London: Macmillan, 1917).

## Publications

Among his many publications were:
* Psychology and Morals (1923)
* Psychology of Power (1933)
* Psychology and Modern Problems (1935)
* Psychology and Morals: An Analysis of Character (1944)
* Dream and Nightmares (1954)
* Childhood and Adolescence (1962)
# Ferrofluidic seal

Ferrofluidic is the brand name of a staged magnetic liquid rotary sealing mechanism made by the Ferrotec Corporation. Ferrofluidic seals, also known as magnetic liquid rotary seals, are employed in various rotating equipment to facilitate rotary motion while ensuring a hermetic seal. This is achieved through a physical barrier constituted by a ferrofluid, which is held in position by a permanent magnet. Developed in the 1970s, ferrofluidic seals have been utilized in various specialized applications, including computer disk drives, vacuum systems, and nuclear technologies.

## Origins

Ferrofluidic seals rely on the general principle of ferrofluids - fluids that display magnetic attraction. Following research on ferrofluids during the 1960s, the ferrofluidic seal was first patented in 1971 by R.E. Rosensweig (USP 3,620,584), who subsequently founded Ferrofluidics Corporation with R. Moskowitz.

## Benefits and limitations

Magnetic liquid rotary seals operate with little maintenance and minimal leakage in a range of applications. Ferrofluid-based seals used in industrial and scientific applications are most often packaged in mechanical seal assemblies called rotary feed-throughs, which also contain a central shaft, ball bearings, and outer housing. The ball bearings provide two functions: maintaining the shaft's centering within the seal gap and supporting external loads. The bearings are the only mechanical wear items, as the dynamic seal is formed with a series of rings of ultra-low vapor pressure, oil-based liquid, held magnetically between the rotor and stator. As the ferrofluid retains its liquid properties even when magnetized, drag torque is very low. With the use of permanent magnets, the operating life and equipment maintenance cycles are generally very long. Ferrofluid-sealed feed-throughs reach their greatest performance levels by optimizing features such as ferrofluid Viscosity and magnetic strength, magnet and steel materials, bearing arrangements, and using water cooling for applications with extremely high speeds or temperatures. Ferrofluid-sealed feedthroughs can operate in environments including ultra-high vacuum (below 10$^{−8}$ mbar), temperatures over 1,000 °C, tens of thousands of RPM, and multiple-atmosphere pressures.
Magnetic liquid seals can be engineered for a range of applications and exposure, but are generally limited to sealing gases and vapors, not direct pressurized liquid. This is due to premature failure of the ferrofluid seal when it seals a liquid. In 2020, research was underway to try and solve this problem.
Each particular combination of construction materials and design features has practical limits concerning temperature, differential pressure, speed, applied loads, and operating environment, and as such devices must be designed to meet the criteria for their applications. Necessary features may include multiple ferrofluid stages, water cooling, customized materials, permanent magnets, and exotic bearings. Ferrofluid-based seals have extremely low leak rates however they cannot reach the levels of welded connections or other all-metal, static (non-rotating) seals.
# Minolta AF Apo Tele Zoom 70-200mm f/2.8 G (D) SSM

Originally developed and produced by Minolta as AF Apo Tele Zoom 70-200mm f/2.8 G (D) SSM, then marketed by Sony as 70-200mm f/2.8 G SSM (SAL-70200G) and updated as 70-200mm f/2.8 G SSM II (SAL-70200G2), this lens is a professional full-frame lens compatible with cameras using the Minolta, Konica Minolta and Sony A-mount.
# Fernando Velázquez

Fernando Velázquez may refer to:
* Fernando Velázquez Vigil (1950-2002), a Cuban artist specialising in ceramics and painting.
* Fernando Velázquez (composer) (1976-), a Spanish composer of concert and orchestral music.
# Formosa 2 Offshore Wind Farm

The Formosa 2 Offshore Wind Farm (traditional Chinese: 海能離岸風力發電場; simplified Chinese: 海能离岸风力发电场; pinyin: Hǎinéng Lí'àn Fēnglì Fādiànchǎng) is a 376 MW offshore wind power station located near Miaoli County, Taiwan.

## History

Jan De Nul was awarded the engineering, procurement, and construction contract for the foundation and subsea cable installation in June 2019. In July 2019, Seajacks International was subcontracted by Siemens Gamesa for the wind turbines transportation and installation and LS Cable & System was subcontracted by Jan De Nul for the supply of 130 km submarine cable. Sembcorp Marine Offshore Platforms and Saipem were subcontracted by Jan De Nul to fabricate jacket foundations in September 2019 and November 2019 respectively. In October 2019, Seaway 7 was subcontracted by Jan De Nul to transport and install the jacket foundations in October 2019.
The financial close for the project was made in October 2019. The onshore construction works started in December 2019 and the offshore construction works started in the first half of 2020.
The project was completed and inaugurated on May 16, 2023, and is expected to supply power to approximately 380,000 households.

## Architecture

The wind farm is located 9.5 km offshore of Miaoli County.

## Technical specifications

The wind farm consists of 47 generating units. Each of its turbine will have a 167-meter diameter rotor and 81.5 meter blades, with a swept area of 21,900 m$^2$, with a rated capacity of 8 MW.
# Exo Planet 5 – Exploration (album)

Exo Planet #5 - Exploration (stylized as EXO PLANET #5 – EXplOration) is the fourth live album by South Korean-Chinese boy band Exo. It was released on April 21, 2020, by SM Entertainment and distributed by Dreamus.

## Release history

Release history for Exo Planet #5 - Exploration :
| Region | Date | Version | Format | Label |
| Japan | February 26, 2020 | Japanese | DVDBlu-ray | Avex Trax |
| South Korea | April 21, 2020 | Korean | CD | SMDreamus |
| Various | April 21, 2020 | Korean | Digital downloadstreaming | SM |
# Minnesota Prairie Line, Inc.

Minnesota Prairie Line (reporting mark MPLI) is a short-line railroad in the U.S. state of Minnesota which started operations in October 2002. It is a subsidiary of the Twin Cities and Western Railroad (TC&W), and runs on 94 miles (151 km) of track owned by the Minnesota Valley Regional Railroad Authority (MVRRA). It has been partially funded through federal and state government sources. The tracks were originally built by the Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway around 1880 between Norwood and Morton, and 1884 west of there. From Morton west, the line was built by Wisconsin, Minnesota & Pacific Railway, which was purchased by M&STL in the late 1880s The line connects on its eastern end to parent TC&W at Norwood, and extends westward to Hanley Falls, Minnesota.
The Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway was acquired by Chicago and North Western in 1960. C&NW eventually abandoned the Minnesota Prairie Line tracks in 1982. The Minnesota Valley Regional Rail Authority purchased the line in 1984. Subsequently, a new operator, the MNVA Railroad, commenced operations on the line in March 1984. In December 1994, MNVA ceased operations and sold its assets to the Minnesota Central Railroad (MCTA). MCTA experienced little to no success. The line was again abandoned in 2000, and continued to deteriorate for two years.
Twin Cities and Western employees took an exploratory journey along the track in April 2002 to determine its condition. The track was rehabilitated over the summer, but could still only support speeds of 5 to 10 mph (8.0 to 16.1 km/h) by the time the first revenue train ran in October. MPLI initially used two former TC&W EMD GP10s, which had the MPLI logo applied to them on the long hood side. Currently, MPLI utilizes Red River Valley and Western Caterpillar Generation II locomotives (GP20Cs and GP15Cs). Trains typically run five days per week between Norwood and Wood Lake, Minnesota, with service as needed to Hanley Falls. Track condition remained poor as of 2009, still only supporting speeds of 10 mph or less, but the railroad had success in securing state and federal funding that year. The tracks have been rehabilitated with new rail and ties, and train speed are up to 25 mph between Norwood Young-America and Winthrop. At Winthrop, there is an ethanol plant that is a large shipper for the railroad. Over the remainder of the line train speeds are only 10 mph.
The line meets BNSF tracks in Hanley Falls. BNSF now owns the ex-M&StL track west of the city, as well as the ex-Great Northern track running northeast / southwest through town.
The communities of Fairfax and Belview still have old Minneapolis and St. Louis train stations preserved in their towns, turned into museums. The Fairfax building is still in its original location right next to the tracks, while the one in Belview has been moved.
# Brachyseps anosyensis

Brachyseps anosyensis is a species of skink endemic to Madagascar.
# Brackel

Brackel (German pronunciation:) is a municipality in the district of Harburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
# Monochroa scutatella

Monochroa scutatella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Johann Müller-Rutz in 1920. It is found in Switzerland and Italy.
# Minolta AF 28mm f/2.8

The Minolta AF 28mm f/2.8 is a camera lens originally produced by Minolta, and produced by Sony after Sony took over Minolta's AF SLR and DSLR business. It is compatible with cameras using the Minolta AF and Sony α lens mounts. Since Sony introduced their mirrorless interchangeable lens cameras with their "E-Mount", Sony offers various A-to-E Mount adaptors (LA-EA 1/2/3/4/5) to allow use of legacy A-Mount lenses on E-Mount cameras.
# FC Belize

FC Belize was a Belizean football team which competed in the Premier League of Belize (PLB) of the Football Federation of Belize. They were based in Belize City and last competed in 2015 before financial issues and the death of owner Lionel Welch forced them to withdraw. Their home stadium, the MCC Grounds, was closed in June 2014 by the Belize National Sports Council and FC Belize was relocated to Louisiana Football Field in Orange Walk Town.

## Achievements

* Belize Premier Football League: 2
       2006, 2007

## 2014–15 squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | BLZ | Rodrigo Vasques |
| 3 | DF | HON | Andrew Estell |
| 4 | DF | HON | Jorge Alliman |
| 8 | DF | BLZ | Hector Martinez |
| 9 | FW | BLZ | Harlan Cassanova |
| 10 | MF | BLZ | Russel Cassanova |
| 11 | MF | BLZ | Avian Crawford |
| 12 | DF | BLZ | Jordy Lopez |
| 15 | DF | BLZ | Shannon Flowers |
| 15 | DF | BLZ | Mark Grant |
| 16 | FW | BLZ | Devaun Zuniga |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 17 | FW | BLZ | Travis Eiley |
| 20 | MF | BLZ | Kevin Lino |
| 21 | MF | BLZ | Denzel Co |
| 22 | FW | BLZ | Leon Jones |
| 25 | FW | BLZ | Stephen Baizer |
| 27 | FW | BLZ | Kadeem Myers |
| 29 | MF | BLZ | Mark Leslie |
| 31 | MF | BLZ | Dmitri Fabro |
| 56 | GK | BLZ | Marcus Lewis |
| 71 | MF | BLZ | Jason Young |

## Managers

* Marvin Ottley (2005–2007)
* Eian Henry (2007–2013)
* Jorge Nunez (2014–2015)
# Jacob Rymal

Jacob Rymal (August 10, 1790 – September 4, 1856) was a farmer, carpenter and political figure in Upper Canada.

## Personal life

His parents were William Rymal and Barbara Long, who arrived in 1788 in Barton Township from Northampton County, Pennsylvania. He was born in Barton Township - the first non-native to be born in the area. He lived in Barton Township and was a sergeant in the York Militia during the War of 1812.

## Political career

Rymal represented Wentworth in the 12th Parliament of Upper Canada. He helped William Lyon Mackenzie escape after the Upper Canada Rebellion and was charged with treason, but later pardoned along with other participants in the Upper Canada Rebellion. He died in Barton Township in Canada West in 1856.
His son, Joseph Rymal, represented Wentworth South in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1857 to 1867 and in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1882.
# C. F. Palmer, Ltd

C. F. Palmer, Ltd was an independent manufacturer of scientific instruments, mostly in the field of physiology. Since 1987 it has been a subsidiary of Harvard Apparatus.
The company was founded in London in 1891 by the English mechanical engineer and bicycle maker Charles Fielding Palmer (1864-1938). It described itself as making "Research and Students' Apparatus for Physiology, Pharmacology, Psychology, Bacteriology, Phonetics, Botany, etc." It specialized, however, in equipment for the relatively young science of physiology. As a result of good workmanship and excellent contacts with scientists, the company became an important supplier of physiology research equipment in the British Empire until ca. 1950.
Palmer manufactured instruments like the kymograph, invented by the German physiologist Carl Ludwig in 1847, the Stromuhr (another design by Ludwig) for measuring the rate of bloodflow and a 'dotting machine', designed by William McDougall to measure and record levels of fatigue. From the 1930s onward, the company catalogue also mentioned equipment for research in psychometrics. At some time (its records were lost) the company became a "Ltd". In the 1960s and 1970s it stuck to mostly electromechanical devices in an increasingly electronic age and it lost some of its importance as an instrument maker. It was renamed PalmerBioscience and in 1987 it was acquired by Harvard Apparatus.
Both the Museum of the History of Science in Oxford and the Science Museum in London own instruments by Palmer.