OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frakes

Frakes may refer to:
* Frakes, Kentucky, unincorporated community in Bell County
* Mount Frakes, prominent mountain marking the highest elevation in the Crary Mountains in Marie Byrd Land
* Frakes Aviation, American aircraft manufacturer

## People with the surname

* Frakes family:
** Frank Frakes (1860–1933), American pioneer rancher, grandfather of George and cousin of William and Laurence
*** George E. Frakes (born 1932), American historian, father of Robert, grandson of Frank
**** Robert Frakes (born 1962), American historian, son of George
** Lawrence A. Frakes (born 1930), American and Australian geologist and paleoclimatologist, cousin of Frank and William
** William Franklin Frakes (1858–1942), American rancher, naturalist, adventurer, and author, cousin of Frank and Laurence
* Bill Frakes, American photographer
* Jerold Frakes, American literature historian
* Jonathan Frakes (born 1952), American actor and director
* Laura J. Frakes, American educator
* Randall Frakes, American film and science fiction writer
# Gamma-ray burst precursor

A gamma-ray precursor is a short X-ray outburst event that comes before the main outburst of the gamma-ray burst progenitor. There is no consensus on the mechanism for this event, although several theories have been suggested.

## History

The first gamma-ray precursor event was from GRB 900126, a long GRB. Immediately, because of the non-thermal nature of the emission, it was recognized that the mechanism of emission for this event was likely internal to the neutron star and not from the accretion disk. Systematic surveys were subsequently carried out to find the percentages of gamma-ray bursts that contained precursor events. Although it was found that 3% of bursts in the BATSE catalogue had a precursor event, a later review found that 20% of long GRBs have a precursor event, although slightly different search criteria were used in that review. That percentage was also found in another study, although others have also found percentages wavering around 10%.

## Properties

The precursor event occurs in a wide range of time frames before the main burst. This time can range up to hundreds of seconds. The precursors typically, but not always, show a non-thermal spectrum. Notably, the first gamma-ray precursor to be detected showed a thermal spectrum, with a peak in the X-ray wavelengths. There is no set definition of a precursor. Some allow a broad definition, where the precursor is merely a less-energetic event that happens before the main burst, while some impose additional restrictions, such as the precursor having a longer duration than the actual burst. This is the main reason varying percentages of precursors in samples have been found.

## Model

No consensus model exists for gamma-ray burst precursors. According to the collapsar model, a long-GRB results from the collision of jets with the material surrounding a collapsed star. In this model, the precursor could be generated from the jet becomes optically thin. Under this theory, it is difficult to explain the large time gap (hundreds of seconds in some cases) between the precursor and the gamma-ray burst. Various mechanisms for precursors being completely separate phenomena from the main GRB event have also been proposed. In one such scenario, the precursor occurs from the formation of a weak jet during the collapse of the progenitor. This theory explains the time gap between the precursor and burst, although no experimental evidence has differentiated it from others.
# Moozhikkulam Kochukuttan Chakyar

Moozhikkulam Kochukuttan Chakyar (1928–2009) was an exponent of Koodiyattam, a traditional form of Sanskrit theatre from Kerala, which has been recognised by UNESCO as an Oral and Intangible Heritage of Mankind. Born in a family of Koodiyattam performers, in 1928, at Ammannur, a small hamlet near Irinjalakuda, in Thrissur district in the south Indian state of Kerala, Chakyar had his early training in the art form from within his family. Ammannur Madhava Chakyar, a renowned Koodiyattam performer and a Padmabhushan awardee, was his cousin and the two, later, would evolve a new school of performance, popularly known as the Ammannur tradition of Koodiyattam. When Margi, an institution promoting traditional art forms of Kerala, started their Koodiyattam training centre in 1981, he was the first residential guru. The institution imparted training to many aspiring performers which included two sons of Chakyar, Margi Sajeev Narayana Chakiar and Margi Madhu and both of them are known exponents of the art form. In 1998, Chakyar joined Nepathya, a centre for excellence in Kudiyattam, as the Mukhya Acharya (Head Teacher), and continued his association with the institution till his last. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2008, for his contributions to Arts. He died in 2009, at the age of 81. He is remembered by an annual festival, Guru Moozhikkulam Kochukuttan Chakyar Memorial Kutiyttam Festival, at Moozhikkulam, a suburb of Kochi where Nepathya is headquartered in, and through orations organised by Nepathya.
# Loch of Stenness

The Loch of Stenness is a large brackish loch on Mainland, Orkney, Scotland and is named for the parish of Stenness. It is 2 miles (3.2 kilometres) northeast of the town of Stromness, lies immediately to the south of the Loch of Harray and is close to the World Heritage neolithic sites of the Stones of Stenness and Ring of Brodgar. In Old Norse its name was Steinnesvatn.

## Hydrography

The Loch of Stenness is a sea loch and is the deepest loch on the Mainland, it is slightly smaller in area and volume than the Loch of Harray. It is located at 3.25 miles (5.23 kilometres) northeast of Stromness, and is the largest brackish lagoon in the UK. Its outflow is into the Bay of Ireland and the Hoy Sound at Brig o’ Waithe where tidal currents influence the loch but cause little variation in its level. The loch is connected to the Loch of Harray at the Bridge of Brodgar and both lochs together cover an area of 19.3 square kilometres (7.5 square miles) making the two combined the ninth largest loch in Scotland by area (as listed by Murray and Pullar (1910)). The Loch of Stenness has a maximum depth of 5.2 metres (17 ft) and an average depth of 3.2 metres (10 ft).

## Natural history

The Loch of Stenness is important in terms of its biodiversity because of its brackish composition. It has been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest as well as a Special Area of Conservation. Its varying salt content supports a range of wildlife suited to marine, brackish and fresh water conditions including burrowing worms, bivalves such as mussels and mya arenaria, the snail Hydrobia ulvae and various types of green algae known as charophytes. It provides a wintering ground for a wide variety of wildfowl including pochard, tufted duck, scaup and goldeneye. It has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of waterbirds.

## Archaeology

The Loch of Stenness is adjacent to the World Heritage sites of Ring of Brodgar and the Stones of Stenness. The Watch Stone, a solitary monolith 5.6 m (18 ft) high stands where the loch joins with the Loch of Harray, at Bridge of Brodgar.
The loch and its surrounding area underwent detailed geophysical and multibeam sonar surveys in 2011 and 2012 to investigate the drowned palaeo-landscape. The surveys indicated significant archaeological features in the loch including a circular structure possibly a henge.
# Littleton Waller Tazewell Bradford

Littleton Waller Tazewell Bradford (July 16, 1848 – July 15, 1918) was a Virginia politician and was a co-founder of Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity.

## Early life

Littleton Waller Tazewell Bradford was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1848 to Anne Elizabeth (née Tazewell) and Edmund Bradford. His father was a veteran and graduate of the United States Military Academy, originally from Philadelphia. Bradford grew up on his parents' estate in Princess Anne County. On his paternal side, he was a descendant of William Bradford. On his maternal side, he was a descendant of Henry Tazewell. His maternal grandfather was Littleton Waller Tazewell, former Governor of Virginia and former president pro tempore of the United States Senate.
Bradford was educated first at Norfolk Academy. He enrolled as a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute (V.M.I.) on February 6, 1865, and was assigned to the class of 1868. At the time, V.M.I.'s cadets were headquartered in Richmond, Virginia where they supported the defense of the Confederacy's capital. His cadetship lasted until April 1865, when the corps was disbanded as Federal troops moved on Richmond. The cadets were directed to escape the best way possible; Bradford escaped in a canal boat, taking refuge with relatives further up the James River.
After the war, Bradford attended the University of Virginia. He studied medicine and shared 47 West Range with his cousin, Frederick Southgate Taylor. Bradford and Taylor joined four others in founding the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity on March 1, 1868. All six founders had been friends at V.M.I. However, he dropped out of college and entered business in Norfolk.
Bradford legally changed his surname to Tazewell, adopting the name of his maternal grandfather who had no male heir. This change was made after the death of his uncle John Tazewell in 1869.

## Career

Bradford, now known by the surname Tazewell, was active in business and civic life in Norfolk. For twenty years, he was on the Norfolk Common Council from the Third Ward. He served as its vice-president, chairman of the street committee, and as a member of the public parks committee. He was also a member of the Chamber of Commerce, serving on its fire committee which worked to lower insurance rates in Norfolk.

## Personal life

Tazewell married Mary Louise Walker on November 6, 1883. They had three children, Littleton Waller Tazewell Jr., Calvert Walke Tazewell, and Edmund Bradford Tazewell. They lived on Duke Street in Norfolk.
He was a founder and member of the Chesapeake Boat Club, where he assembled an all-Pi Kappa Alpha crew. He was a member of the Christ Episcopal Church in Norfolk and served on its vestry.
He died on July 15, 1918. He is interred in Elmwood Cemetery in Norfolk, near his cousin Frederick Southgate Taylor.
# 2010–11 All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship

The 2010–11 All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship was the eighth staging of the All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association. The championship ran from 26 September 2010 to 13 February 2011.
The All-Ireland final was played on 13 February 2011 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Meelin from Cork and John Locke's from Kilkenny, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Meelin won the match by 0-12 to 1-05 to claim their first ever championship title.
Meelin's Éamonn Brosnan was the championship's top scorer with 3-39.

## Championship statistics
### Top scorers
#### Overall

| Rank | Player | Club | Tally | Total | Matches | Average |
| 1 | Éamonn Brosnan | Meelin | 3-39 | 48 | 5 | 9.60 |
| 2 | Owen McGrath | John Locke's | 0-26 | 26 | 5 | 5.20 |
| 3 | Michael Lennon | Inniskeen Grattans | 3-16 | 25 | 4 | 6.25 |
| 4 | Lee Henderson | Seán MacCumhaills | 1-21 | 24 | 2 | 12.00 |
| 4 | Ronan Meegan | Inniskeen Grattans | 0-24 | 24 | 4 | 6.00 |

### Miscellaneous

* A dispute over the eligibility of a Western Gaels player in the Sligo SHC final delayed the Connacht Championship for several months. The dispute, which lasted for several months, went before the Sligo County Board and Connacht Council, before the DRA ruled against Western Gaels.
# Greece–Spain relations

Both Greece and Spain are members of the European Union, NATO, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the OECD, the Union for the Mediterranean, and the United Nations.

## History

In ancient times, parts of the Mediterranean coast of Spain were colonized by Greeks (Emporion/Empúries and Rhodha/Roses, Girona, plus Zacantha/Sagunt and Dianion/Denia near Valencia). In the late Middle Ages, parts of Greece came under Aragonese rule (the Duchy of Athens and the Duchy of Neopatras). The Renaissance painter Domenikos Theotokopoulos (better known as El Greco) was of Greek descent, as is Queen Sophia of Spain. Another cultural link between the two countries is the Sephardi Jewish community of Greece, particularly the Jews of Thessaloniki, who traditionally spoke Judaeo-Spanish. Both countries are the doors of Europe and share the same Greco-Latin and Mediterranean culture, together with Italy and Portugal.
In Spain there is great interest in the language and literature of Ancient and Modern Greece. A nucleus of neo-Hellenists is very active in the area of popularizing modern Greek letters. In addition, approximately 5,000 Greeks reside in Spain. The vast majority of them reside in Madrid, Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community.
The close Turkish-Spanish collaboration in the military sector, sealed with the signing of a military agreement in November 2021, has caused "frictions" in the relations between Spain and Greece. A December 2021 meeting between foreign ministers Dendias and Albares failed to deliver a common position on the matter.

## List of bilateral agreements

The following are existing agreements between the countries. Note that no treaties exist.
* Agreement on scientific and technological cooperation (1972)
* Air Cooperation agreement (1975)
* Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation of Income or Capital (2000).
A Spanish military contingent participated in a NATO mission to assist Greece in ensuring security during the 2004 Summer Olympics. The two countries also share close positions in relation to the international status of Kosovo.

## List of bilateral visits

Source:
* February 6–7, 2006: visit of Spanish Foreign Minister Miguel Ángel Moratinos to Athens
* July 10, 2008: visit of Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero to Athens

## Resident diplomatic missions

* Greece has an embassy in Madrid.
* Spain has an embassy in Athens.
* Embassy of Greece in Madrid
* Embassy of Spain in Athens
# Galow

Galow may refer to:
* Galow, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
* Galów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland
* Gałów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
# Mordellistena luteovittata

Mordellistena luteovittata is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1962.
# Loch of Skaill

The Loch of Skaill is a small somewhat triangular, freshwater loch in the parish of Sandwick, Orkney on Mainland Orkney, Scotland. It lies 0.5 mi (0.80 km) south east of the Bay of Skaill close to Skaill House and the World Heritage neolithic site Skara Brae.
The loch is popular for trout fishing and is reserved for use by members of The Orkney Trout Fishing Association only. The average size of the trout caught in the loch is 2 pounds (0.91 kg).
The loch was surveyed in 1906 by James Murray and later charted as part of The Bathymetrical Survey of Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland 1897–1909. A small burn at the north western shore drains the loch in to the Bay of Skaill and was noted in the Survey that it was used as a mill stream.
# 1653 in music

The year 1653 in music involved some significant events.

## Events

* The Ballet Royal de la Nuit premieres on 23 February, at the Salle du Petit-Bourbon in Paris.
* Madeleine de Scudéry and her friend, the lutenist Mlle Bocquet, launch a salon.
* Jean-Baptiste Boësset and Jean-Baptiste Lully start their collaboration to produce ballets de cour (to 1666).
* The Bavarian State Opera opera company is founded under Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, performing Giovanni Battista Maccioni's L'arpa festante in the court theatre.

## Classical music
### Opera

* Antonio Maria Abbatini – Dal male il bene
* Antonio Bertali – L'inganno d'amore
* Charles Coypeau d'Assoucy – Andromède

## Publications

* Alberich Mazak – Cultus harmonicus, volume three, a collection of his complete works, published in Vienna

## Births

* February 12 – Giovanni Francesco Grossi, Italian singer (died 1697)
* February 17 – Arcangelo Corelli, Italian composer and violinist (died 1713)
* June 1 – Georg Muffat, composer (died 1704)
* September 1 (baptized) – Johann Pachelbel, German organist and composer (died 1706)

## Deaths

* January 14 – George Rudolf of Liegnitz, patron of the arts and amateur composer (born 1595)
* February 16 – Johannes Schultz, composer (born 1582)
* February 23 – Luigi Rossi, Italian composer of cantatas (born 1597)
* March 24 – Samuel Scheidt, German organist and composer (born 1587)
# Haiderganj

Haiderganj is a town in Bikapur tehsil in Ayodhya district of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Haiderganj is 40 km south of district headquarters Ayodhya city.
Now there is a big market, shopping centres, automobile agencies, community health center, government hospital, many clinics, many bank branches like branch of Canara Bank, & Bank of Baroda, ATM, schools, colleges and petrol pumps in Haiderganj, Ayodhya.

## Civic administration

There is a police station (Thana) in Haiderganj. Haiderganj is a part of Tarun block in Ayodhya district.

## Politics

Haiderganj is a part of Goshainganj Vidhan Sabha constituency and Ambedkar Nagar Lok Sabha constituency. Abhay Singh from Samajwadi Party is an MLA of Goshainganj Vidhan Sabha constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India. And Ritesh Pandey from BSP is an MP of Ambedkar Nagar Lok Sabha constituency in Uttar Pradesh state, India.

## Transport
### By Road

Haiderganj is well connected with nearby cities and towns due to good road connectivity. Faizabad (41 km), Ayodhya (40 km), Sultanpur (32 km), Akbarpur (35 km), Pratapgarh (73 km), Barabanki (130 km) and Basti (85 km) are the nearby cities connected well with Haiderganj.
Bhiti (7 km), Tarun (10 km), Fulauna (11 km), Chaure Bazar (12 km), Kurebhar (13 km), Semari (15 km), Goshainganj (20 km), Bikapur (21 km), Maharua (21 km), Bhadarsa, Masodha, Kumarganj, Milkipur, Maya Bazar, Pura Bazar, Raunahi, Sohawal, Rudauli, Mawai are the nearby towns connected very well with Haiderganj.

### By Train

Chaure Bazar, Goshainganj, Ayodhya Junction, Bharatkund, Faizabad Junction, Rudauli, Sohawal, Kurebhar, Akbarpur Junction, and Sultanpur Junction are the nearby railway stations from Haiderganj, Ayodhya.

### By Air

Ayodhya International Airport is the nearest airport from Haiderganj. And Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport (Lucknow) and Prayagraj Airport are the nearby airports to reach Haiderganj, Ayodhya.

## Education

* Kalpana Shikshan Prashikshan P.G. College, Sarai Manodhar, Haiderganj
* Shri Baijnath Shivkala Mahavidyalaya, Haiderganj
# List of renamed cities in Kyrgyzstan

The following is the list of cities in Kyrgyzstan that underwent a name change in the past.
* Rybachye → Ysyk-Kel (1989) → Balykchy (1992)
* Karakol → Przhevalsk (1889) → Karakol (1921) → Przhevalsk (1939) → Karakol (1991)
* Pishpek → Frunze (1926) → Bishkek (1991)
# Jeffrey Fell

Jeffrey J. Fell (born June 20, 1956, in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada) is a retired jockey and a Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame inductee who was also a successful rider in the United States.
On June 17, 1978, Jeffrey Fell rode Tiller to victory in the Bowling Green Handicap in which the Belmont Park turf course record was broken with a time of 2:13 flat for the mile and three-eighths. At the same racetrack, on July 2 Fell was again aboard Tiller for the win in the Tidal Handicap with a time of 2:13 3/5 for the mile and three-eighths.
# Nakafutago Kofun

Nakafutago Kofun (中二子古墳) is a Kofun period burial mound located in the Nishi-Ōmuro neighborhood of what is now the city of Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1927. It is estimated to have been built around beginning of the 6th century AD and is part of a group of at least six tumuli which were concentrated in the vicinity, forming the Ōmuro Kofun Cluster. Within the Ōmuro Kofun Cluster are also the Maefutago Kofun and the Ushirofutago Kofun, which have a separate National Historic Site designations.

## Overview

The tumulus is located on a low hill at the southern foot of Mount Akagi. It is a zenpō-kōen-fun (前方後円墳), which is shaped like a keyhole, having one square end and one circular end, when viewed from above. It is the largest in the Ōmuro Kofun Cluster with a total length of 111 meters, with a posterior circular portion in two tiers and an anterior rectangular portion two tiers, and is orientated to 89 degrees northeast. Part of the mound is carved out of the ground, and only the upper tier was originally covered in fukiishi. Cylindrical, house-shaped and other types of haniwa were also excavated in profusion, and it is estimated that originally over 3000 haniwa were in rows on the mounds. The tumulus is surrounded by a shield-shaped double moat with crossings on the north and west sides. Although excavated in March 1891, no burial chamber was discovered.

### Total length

    111 meters

### Anterior rectangular portion

    79 meters wide, 2-tier

### Posterior circular portion

    66 meter diameter x 15 meters high, 2-tier
The surrounding area is now maintained as Ōmuro Park (大室公園¥¥) with several other kofun and reconstructions of Kofun-period structures forming an archaeological park.
# CMP FAT

The CMP FAT (Field Artillery Tractor), was a Canadian Military Pattern vehicle manufactured by Ford and Chevrolet. The FAT was an artillery tractor of the British and Commonwealth forces during World War II. Several models were produced by the two manufactures as CGT (Chevrolet Gun Tractor) and FGT (Ford Gun Tractor).
CMP stood for Canadian Military Pattern and was applied to a number of trucks, artillery tractors and utility vehicles built in Canada that combined British design requirements with North American automotive engineering.
As with other FATs, the CMP was usually used to tow either the 25-pounder gun-howitzer or the 17-pounder anti-tank gun. A power winch was located above the rear axle for maneuvering the gun or unbogging the vehicle.

## History

Specification was based on the successful British Morris C8 FAT developed before the war, even incorporating right-hand-drive steering. The first models were produced in 1940/41 and the body went through a number of design changes throughout the war. Being based on the British vehicle, CMPs were used extensively by British and Commonwealth forces replacing lost stocks after the Dunkirk evacuation.
Post-war examples were supplied to Denmark who provided their own bodywork.

## Variants

Main vehicles were produced as :
* Chevrolet 8440/CGT Tractor, 4x4, Field Artillery
* Ford C291Q FGT Tractor, 4x4, Field Artillery
These could be fitted with different bodies:
* 7A1 beetle-back body with two doors and solid roof
* 7A2 beetle back body with two doors and open (canvas covered) centre roof section
* 7B1 beetle-back body with four doors and open (canvas covered) centre roof section
* 7B2 beetle-back body with four doors and open (canvas covered) centre roof section. Tyre carrier on rear sloped roof.
* 7B3 Open body canvas roof with four doors Tyre carrier on rear upper cargo body.
FATs made locally in Australia had different bodies.
FATs supplied to India were shipped as bare chassis. Bodies were locally made upon delivery. Some vehicles had armoured bodies locally made, while the majority were of wooden construction.
# Loch Long, Highlands

Loch Long is a sea loch situated on the western coast of Scotland, in the Highlands. It is a popular destination for tourists and fishers.
The nearby Eilean Donan Castle stands at the confluence of Loch Long, Loch Duich and Loch Alsh.
Loch Long, Loch Duich and Loch Alsh were together designated as a Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area in 2014. The designation is in place to protect the lochs' burrowed mud and their flame shell beds.