OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bugak

Bugak (부각) is a variety of vegetarian twigim (deep-fried dish) in Korean cuisine. It is made by deep frying dried vegetables or seaweed coated with chapssal-pul (찹쌀풀; glutinous rice paste) and then drying them again. It is eaten as banchan (accompaniment to cooked rice) or anju (accompaniment to alcoholic beverages). Common ingredients are green chili peppers, perilla leaves, perilla inflorescence, camellia leaves, chrysanthemum leaves, burdock leaves, tree of heaven shoots, potatoes, gim (laver), and dasima (kelp). Vegetable oils such as perilla oil or soybean oil are typically used for frying.
Bugak is a relatively rare culinary technique in Korean cuisine, along with dasima twigak (튀각; deep fried vegetables without coating). It is often associated with Korean temple cuisine.

## Varieties

* dangeun-bugak (당근부각) – made with carrots
* dasima-bugak (다시마부각) – made with kelp
* deulkkae-songi-bugak (들깨송이부각) – made with perilla inflorescence
* dongbaek-ip-bugak (동백잎부각) – made with camellia leaves
* dureup-bugak (두릅부각) – made with angelica tree shoots
* eumnamu-sun-bugak (음나무순부각) – made with castor aralia shoots
* gajuk-bugak (가죽부각) – made with tree of heaven shoots
* gamja-bugak (감자부각) – made with potatoes
* gamnnip-bugak (감잎부각) – made with persimmon leaves
* gim-bugak (김부각) – made with laver
* gochu-bugak (고추부각) – made with green chili peppers
* gukhwa-ip-bugak (국화잎부각) – made with chrysanthemum leaves
* kkaennip-bugak (깻잎부각) – made with perilla leaves
* mosi-ip-bugak (모시잎부각) – made with ramie leaves
* ogapi-ip-bugak (오가피잎부각) – made with eleuthero leaves
* parae-bugak (파래부각) – made with green laver
* ssuk-bugak (쑥부각) – made with Korean mugwort
* ueong-ip-bugak (우엉잎부각) – made with burdock

## Gallery

* Gim-bugak (deep fried seaweed)
* Gochu-bugak (deep fried chili peppers)
* Dureup-bugak (deep fried angelica tree shoots) with chal-jeonbyeong (glutinous rice pancakes)
# Butaya auko

Butaya auko is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Vietnam.
# Francis Flood

Francis Flood (c.1930 – 18 October 2016) was an Irish horse racing trainer who specialized in National Hunt racing.
Flood, who trained at stables at Grangecon in County Wicklow, recorded his most notable victory as a trainer when Glencaraig Lady won the 1972 Cheltenham Gold Cup. He also won the Irish Grand National twice, with Garoupe in 1970 and Ebony Jane in 1993. He competed as an amateur jockey before becoming a trainer.
# Gale Escarpment

Gale Escarpment (72°55′S 75°23′E﻿ / ﻿72.917°S 75.383°E﻿ / -72.917; 75.383) is a northwest-facing escarpment of rock and ice, standing eastward of Mount Harding and Wilson Ridge in the Grove Mountains of Antarctica. It was mapped from air photos, 1956–60, by ANAPL, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for d'A.T. Gale, officer in charge of the Antarctic Mapping Branch, Australian Division of National Mapping, who has contributed substantially to Antarctic mapping.
# Bull Lake

Bull Lake may refer to:

## Glaciers

* Bull Lake Glacier

## Lakes

In Canada
* New Brunswick
** Bull Lake (New Brunswick)
* Ontario
** In Algoma District
*** Bull Lake (Boon Township, Ontario)
*** Bull Lake (Varley Township)
** Bull Lake (Frontenac County)
** In Kenora District
*** Bull Lake (Sioux Narrows-Nestor Falls)
*** Bull Lake (Fox Creek)
** In Sudbury District
*** Bull Lake (Sheppard Township)
*** Bull Lake (Turner Township, Ontario)
** Bull Lake (Thunder Bay District)
    See also Little Bull Lake (Algoma District); Little Bull Lake (Sudbury District).
    N.B. Source for Ontario Lakes: Search on Atlas of Canada on 2009-12-26
In the United States
* Wyoming
** within the Wind River Indian Reservation
*** Bull Lake (Wyoming)

## Settlements

* Bull Lake, New Brunswick, Canada
* Bull Lake, Montana, United States
# External intercostal membrane

Unlike the other two intercostal muscles, the external intercostal muscle does not retain its muscular character all the way to the sternum, and so the tissue in this location is called the external intercostal membrane.
The fibers of the external intercostal muscles run downward and forward between adjacent ribs. Each muscle begins posteriorly at the tubercles of the ribs and extends anteriorly to the costochondral junction, the junction between the costal cartilage and the sternal end of the rib. The muscle between the costal cartilages is replaced by a membranous layer called the external intercostal membrane.
Links and References: Grant's: 1.15, 1.20 Netter: 176 Rohen/Yokochi: 193, 194
# Galena Township

Galena Township may refer to one of the following places in the United States:
* Galena Township, LaPorte County, Indiana
* Galena Township, Martin County, Minnesota
* Galena Township, Jasper County, Missouri
* Galena Township, Dixon County, Nebraska
# Jaundubulti

Jaundubulti is a residential area and neighbourhood of the city Jūrmala, Latvia.

## History

The village was slowly populated during the 1870s, when railways were built near the area. The railways also created Edinburgh and Bulduri.

## Landmarks
### Jaundubulti Secondary School

The Jaundubulti Secondary School is a school located in the village. It was built in 1870 by I. Felsko. In the 1960s, the school was demolished. However, it was rebuilt in 1969. In 1992, the school was renamed Jūrmala City Jaundubulti Secondary School.

### Jaundubulti Station

Jaundubulti Station is a railway station on the Torņakalns – Tukums II Railway
# Federação Cearense de Futebol

The Federação Cearense de Futebol (English: Football Association of Ceará state) was founded on March 23, 1920, and it manages all the official football tournaments within the state of Ceará, which are the Campeonato Cearense and the Campeonato Cearense lower levels, and represents the clubs at the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF).

## Current clubs in Brasileirão

As of 2023 season.
| Club | City |
| Série A ||
| Fortaleza | Fortaleza |
| Série B ||
| Ceará | Fortaleza |
| Série C ||
| Floresta | Fortaleza |
| Série D ||
| Atlético Cearense | Fortaleza |
| Caucaia | Caucaia |
| Ferrovário | Fortaleza |
| Iguatu | Iguatu |
| Pacajus | Pacajus |
# Gompholobium ecostatum

Gompholobium ecostatum, commonly known as dwarf wedge-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to southern Australia. It is a low-lying to erect shrub with trifoliate leaves with linear to lance-shaped leaflets, and apricot-coloured to reddish, sometimes yellow flowers.

## Description

Gompholobium ecostatum is a low-lying to erect shrub that typically grows up to a height of up to 50 cm (20 in) high and has hairy, wiry stems. The leaves are trifoliate, the leaflets linear to narrow lance-shaped, 3–15 mm (0.12–0.59 in) long and about 1 mm (0.039 in) wide and sessile with the edges rolled under. There are tapering stipules about 1 mm (0.039 in) long at the base of the leaves. The flowers are arranged singly or in pairs in leaf axils, each flower 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in) long on a pedicel up to 10 mm (0.39 in) long. The sepals are up to 8 mm (0.31 in) long and glabrous on the outside and the petals are apricot to reddish, sometimes yellow. Flowering occurs from October to March and the fruit is an obliquely oval pod 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Gompholobium ecostatum was first formally described in 1965 by Rex Harold Kuchel in the Supplement to J.M.Black's Flora of South Australia (Second Edition, 1943-1957). The specific epithet (ecostatum) means "without ribs".

## Distribution and habitat

Dwarf wedge-pea grows in heathland and woodland in southern Victoria from near Wilsons Promontory to Kangaroo Island in South Australia and inland as far as the Little Desert National Park. It also occurs on Flinders Island in Tasmania.

## Conservation status

This pea is classified as "endangered" under the Tasmanian Government Threatened Species Protection Act 1995.
# Bằng Lãng

Bằng Lãng is a commune (xã) and village in Chợ Đồn District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.
9°26′N 106°11′E﻿ / ﻿9.433°N 106.183°E﻿ / 9.433; 106.183
* This article about a location in Bắc Kạn province, Vietnam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ground expression

In mathematical logic, a ground term of a formal system is a term that does not contain any variables. Similarly, a ground formula is a formula that does not contain any variables.
In first-order logic with identity with constant symbols $a$ and $b$, the sentence $Q(a)\lor P(b)$ is a ground formula. A ground expression is a ground term or ground formula.

## Examples

Consider the following expressions in first order logic over a signature containing the constant symbols $0$ and $1$ for the numbers 0 and 1, respectively, a unary function symbol $s$ for the successor function and a binary function symbol $+$ for addition.
* $s(0),s(s(0)),s(s(s(0))),\ldots$ are ground terms;
* $0+1,\;0+1+1,\ldots$ are ground terms;
* $0+s(0),\;s(0)+s(0),\;s(0)+s(s(0))+0$ are ground terms;
* $x+s(1)$ and $s(x)$ are terms, but not ground terms;
* $s(0)=1$ and $0+0=0$ are ground formulae.

## Formal definitions

What follows is a formal definition for first-order languages. Let a first-order language be given, with $C$ the set of constant symbols, $F$ the set of functional operators, and $P$ the set of predicate symbols.

### Ground term

A ground term is a term that contains no variables. Ground terms may be defined by logical recursion (formula-recursion):
* Elements of $C$ are ground terms;
* If $f\in F$ is an $n$-ary function symbol and $\alpha _{1},\alpha _{2},\ldots ,\alpha _{n}$ are ground terms, then $f\left(\alpha _{1},\alpha _{2},\ldots ,\alpha _{n}\right)$ is a ground term.
* Every ground term can be given by a finite application of the above two rules (there are no other ground terms; in particular, predicates cannot be ground terms).
Roughly speaking, the Herbrand universe is the set of all ground terms.

### Ground atom

A ground predicate, ground atom or ground literal is an atomic formula all of whose argument terms are ground terms.
If $p\in P$ is an $n$-ary predicate symbol and $\alpha _{1},\alpha _{2},\ldots ,\alpha _{n}$ are ground terms, then $p\left(\alpha _{1},\alpha _{2},\ldots ,\alpha _{n}\right)$ is a ground predicate or ground atom.
Roughly speaking, the Herbrand base is the set of all ground atoms, while a Herbrand interpretation assigns a truth value to each ground atom in the base.

### Ground formula

A ground formula or ground clause is a formula without variables.
Ground formulas may be defined by syntactic recursion as follows:
* A ground atom is a ground formula.
* If $\varphi$ and $\psi$ are ground formulas, then $\lnot \varphi$, $\varphi \lor \psi$, and $\varphi \land \psi$ are ground formulas.
Ground formulas are a particular kind of closed formulas.
# Muradiyemengencik, Düzce

Muradiyemengencik is a village in the Düzce District of Düzce Province in Turkey. Its population is 518 (2022).
# Gooney bird

Gooney bird may refer to:
* Albatross or gooney bird
* Douglas C-47 Skytrain or Gooney Bird, a military transport aircraft developed from the civilian Douglas DC-3 airliner
* Gooney Bird character in The "Hard Luck Bears" animatronic show: see Aaron Fechter
# Gloslunde Rectory

Gloslunde Rectory (Danish: Gloslunde Præstegård) is a four-winged, thatched building situated next to Gloslunde Church on Lolland, Denmark. The building was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1950.

## History

Gloslunde Rectory dates from the 17th century. The building complex has later undergone numerous alterations and renovations with the reuse of old timber and bricks. This was not least the case during Thorgeir Guðmundsson's years as pastor from 1839. In 1849, Guðmundsson was transferred to Nysted and Herridslev.

## Architecture

Gloslunde Rectory consists of four white-plastered, half-timbered wings surrounding a central courtyard. The northern gable of the residential wing and the eastern gable of the former stable wing have been reconstructed in brickwork. The upper part of some of the gables are constructed with visible timber framing and others are clad with vertical boarding. The central courtyard is accessed via a gateway in the north wing. The half-hipped roofs are thatched with the use of a technique which is characteristic for the island of Lolland. The roof of the principal residential wing features two small dormers.
# Galena River

Galena River may refer to
* Galena River (Illinois), tributary of the Mississippi River in northwest Illinois
* Galena River (Indiana), in northern Indiana, becoming the South Branch Galien River in Michigan
# Japanese destroyer Tachikaze

Two Japanese destroyers have been named Tachikaze :
* Japanese destroyer Tachikaze (1921), a Minekaze-class destroyer launched in 1921 and sunk in 1944
* JDS Tachikaze (DDG-168), a Tachikaze-class destroyer commissioned in 1976 and stricken in 2007
# Birdsongs of the Mesozoic (EP)

Birdsongs of the Mesozoic is the eponymous first EP by the American Avant-rock band Birdsongs of the Mesozoic, released in 1983 by Ace of Hearts Records.

## Release and reception

Never being individually issued on Compact Disc, only some of Birdsongs of the Mesozoic had been included on compilations such as Sonic Geology and The Fossil Record. Finally, the entire EP was issued by Cuneiform Records on Dawn of the Cycads, a two-disc anthology including most of the band's early work.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Roger Miller, except "Drift" co-written with Martin Swope

## Personnel

Adapted from the Birdsongs of the Mesozoic liner notes.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1983 | Ace of Hearts | LP | AHS 1008 |
# Fayet–Iliopoulos D-term

In theoretical physics, the Fayet–Iliopoulos D-term (introduced by Pierre Fayet and John Iliopoulos) is a D-term in a supersymmetric theory obtained from a vector superfield V simply by an integral over all of superspace:
    $S_{FI}=\xi \int d^{4}\theta \,V$
Because a natural trace must be a part of the expression, the action only exists for U(1) vector superfields.
In terms of the components, it is proportional simply to the last auxiliary D-term of the superfield V. It means that the corresponding D that appears in D-flatness conditions (and whose square enters the ordinary potential) is additively shifted by $\xi$, the coefficient.
# Faceless court

A faceless court, also known as a faceless judge, is a special court of justice, created within the system of certain jurisdictions, responsible for the prosecution and trial of crimes generally linked to drug trafficking, terrorism and organized crime. They are used within the judicial systems of states that cannot guarantee the security and physical integrity of judicial officials. These are courts where the judges are anonymous and their identity is unknown.
This special type of court was first created in Italy, where they were implemented for trials against local mafias. They were also used in Colombia in the 1990s to prosecute heads of drug trafficking organizations, and during the government of Alberto Fujimori in Peru, for trials against the terrorism of the Shining Path and MRTA organizations. In Brazil, the states of Rio de Janeiro, Pará, Mato Grosso, Bahia, Roraima, Santa Catarina and Alagoas allow their use in the prosecution of drug trafficking and militia crimes. Anonymous judges are also a part of Mexico's 2024 judicial reform bill.
The United Nations Human Rights Committee and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights have both held that prosecutions heard by faceless judges violate the right to a fair trial. Specifically, the Human Rights Committee has ruled that they are incompatible with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in that "they fail to guarantee a cardinal aspect of a fair trial within the meaning of article 14 ... that the tribunal must be, and be seen to be, independent and impartial". The Inter-American Court has also said that when they are used, "defendants have no way of knowing the identity of their judge and therefore, of assessing their competence".
# Buycott.com

Buycott.com is an Internet-based platform and smart-phone application that reads the Universal Product Codes (UPC) barcode on a product, and suggests whether a consumer should buy or avoid that product based on how well it aligns with the consumer's values and principles. The consumer joins to various Buycott campaigns to indicate their support or their opposition to various issues and topics. The app advises them about purchasing from corporate entities - and their affiliates - that endorse policies which conflict with those campaigns. The consumer can thus "vote with their wallet", and opt to purchase a competing product, or forgo the purchase altogether.
As of March 2023, the latest update to the app was on the 21st of October 2016. The latest social media posts on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter were all also before the end of 2016. The latest update to the Terms and Conditions page was in December 2015.
Buycott.com was launched to encourage Corporate Social Responsibility, prior to the point of purchase, and raise awareness that consumer purchases have real-world consequences. The app has a rich database behind the web interface. Buycott claims to have a database of over 150 million product UPC tags as unique product identifiers. The database contains all sorts of consumer products from foods to cosmetics to services such as restaurant chains and hotels. Buycott.com also queries consumer activists for scanned product information when the database is missing product descriptions or other information, each campaign's database relevancy and success is dependent upon the membership's participation.
# Gudbrandsdalens Folkeblad

Gudbrandsdalens Folkeblad was a Norwegian newspaper, published in Lillehammer in Oppland county. It was named Gudbrandsdal Folkeblad from January 1930.
It started on 30 September 1909 as the organ of the Labour Democrats, in other words the non-socialist workers' movement. It was published daily and cooperated with another newspaper in the county, Velgeren, with administration such as printing. It was edited by Ole Petter Johansen until his death in 1934. It stopped when Johansen died, but resurfaced on 1 October 1937. It finally went defunct after its last issue on 19 December 1942, having been published out of Oslo since 1938.
# 1818 in Iceland

Events in the year 1818 in Iceland.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Frederick VI
* Governor of Iceland: Johan Carl Thuerecht von Castenschiold

## Events

* Landsbókasafn Íslands, the former National Library of Iceland is established at the instigation of Danish antiquarian Carl Christian Rafn and the Icelandic Literary Society.
* Klausturpósturinn, the first monthly publication to be published in the Icelandic language begins printing at Beitistaðir.

## Births

* Jón Thoroddsen elder, poet.
# Gorytvesica tenera

Gorytvesica tenera is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Napo Province, Ecuador.
The wingspan is 17 mm.
# Gloslunde Church

Gloslunde Church is a Romanesque church east of Dannemare, some 13 km (8.1 mi) southeast of Nakskov on the Danish island of Lolland. Now whitewashed, it was built of red brick in the 13th century. The heritage listed Gloslunde Rectory is located next to the church.

## Architecture

Built of red brick but now whitewashed, the church consists of a Romanesque chancel and nave and a Gothic porch and sacristy. A 14th-century timber bell tower stands close to the church's northwest corner. There are two small Romanesque windows on the chancel gable, now both bricked up. The east gable is also decorated with a round-arch frieze. The original flat wooden ceiling was replaced in the Gothic period with a star-shaped vault in the chancel and two cross-vaults in the nave.

## Interior

In a Neo-Gothic frame, the altarpiece contains a painting of Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane by Frederik Christian Lund in 1872. An earlier catechism altarpiece from 1581 in the Renaissance style can be seen in the porch with text from Martin Luther's catechism in its six panels. The pulpit (c. 1590), also in the Renaissance style, presents the paintings of the four Evangelists set in rural scenes with hills and hedges.
* Interior
* Altarpiece
* Organ and votive ship
# Billy Lee Brammer

Billy Lee Brammer (April 21, 1929 – February 11, 1978) was an author, journalist, and political staffer in Texas and Washington, D.C.. He is best known for his set of three linked novellas titled The Gay Place.

## Life

Brammer was born April 21, 1929, in Dallas, Texas, where he graduated from Sunset High School. He attended the University of North Texas (then called North Texas State College), where he met Nadine Ellen Cannon, and they married on April 22, 1950.
Brammer graduated in 1952 with a degree in journalism. After working briefly as a reporter for the Corpus Christi Caller-Times, Brammer joined the American-Statesman (then called the Austin Statesman), where he won a press award for excellence in writing in 1952. In 1954, he won the Texas Associated Press Managing Editors Contest for a feature sports story written for the same paper.
In 1955, Brammer became an associate editor of the Texas Observer, a magazine of liberal dissent at a time when in Texas "the impulse for dissent scarcely existed." He attracted the attention of Texas Senator Lyndon Baines Johnson, who invited him to join his staff. While employed by Johnson in Washington, D.C., Brammer began working on The Gay Place, his first and only published novel, which is composed of three related novellas: The Flea Circus, Room Enough to Caper, and Country Pleasures. He sold the book to Houghton Mifflin in 1959.
Brammer left Johnson's staff to work for the economist Eliot Janeway. Time hired Brammer in 1960 to cover civil rights issues from the magazine's Atlanta office. Brammer left that job in 1961 (the year of the publication of The Gay Place) and never again held sustained employment. He began a sequel to The Gay Place titled "Fustian Days," but it never was completed. He was hired in 1973 as one of the first writers with Texas Monthly.
Brammer had three children – Sidney Gail, Shelby Ellen, and William Raoul – with Nadine before they divorced in 1961. In 1963, Brammer married Dorothy Browne; they were divorced in 1969. Brammer died of a methamphetamine overdose on February 11, 1978.