# East Strickland languages

The East Strickland or Strickland River languages are a family of Papuan languages.

## Languages

The East Strickland languages actually form a language continuum. Shaw (1986) recognizes six languages, which are:
* Upper: Fembe (Agala), Konai
* Odoodee (Tomu)
* Central/Middle: Gobasi (Nomad), Kubo, Samo (Daba)
Gobasi, Odoodee and Samo, but especially Gobasi, are also known as "Nomad".

## Pronouns

Pronouns are:
    sgdupl 1 *na, *ã*o-li, *a-la*oi 2 *nõ*nĩ-le*nĩ 3 *yõ*i-le*yã, *di

## Vocabulary comparison

The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970), Shaw (1973), and Shaw (1986), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. ulugib, ulukib, ulʌkib for “head”) or not (e.g. dob, helehai, tano for “one”).
| gloss | Fembe | Gobasi (Oibae dial.) | Gobasi (Bibo dial.) | Gobasi (Honibo dial.) | Gobasi | Konai | Kubo | Odoodee (Hesif dial.) | Odoodee (Kalamo dial.) | Samo |
| head | widua; wɔdiɔ | ulugib | ukib; ulukib | uligib | ulʌkib | wudio | odiu; wodio; wodiyo | uľugi | wiligi | ukibi; ulagibi; ulʌgibi |
| hair | wigiduae; wɔdiɔ tɔwɔ | orɔwɔ | otowa; tawa | utoʌ; utowa | o dɔsɔ | wudio towe | tɔwɛ; wodio toi; wodiyo toi | uľu tu | wudu | otowa; tawa; ulʌgibi |
| ear | du | dulu | dul; duːr | dulu | dulo | kʌhẽ | du; duwëw | dulu | dulu | duli; duːri |
| eye | d̲iho; gihã | hiɔ | hĩãwã; hio̧w | hiɔ; hiyo | hiɔ̃ | dihɔ | diəhã; diho̧; dihō | hɔwɔ̃ | hɔ̃wɔ̃ | hĩãwã; hĩɔwɔ; hi̧yowo |
| nose | go; migiyao | mi | mina; mini | mi̧ni; mĩni | mina | mɔkwã | mi | mɔdu | mudu | mini; mi̧ni; mĩnĩ |
| tooth | maeow; meyɔ | mɔɛ | mo̧i | moi; mɔi | mɔi | mẽ | mɔ̃yə̃; moyo; mɔyɔ | mei | mɛ̃ | mɔ̃yə̃; moyo̧; mɔ̃yɔ̃ |
| tongue | e; i | ilɪ | il(i); iri | ili | ili | i | i; iː | i | i | mȩnema̧ni; mẽnɛmãnĩ; meremai |
| leg | abogo; ɔbɔgɔ̃ | hɔm | homo | hom; hɔm | hɔma | ɔbɔgɔ̃ | obogo; ɔbɔgɔ | hɔmɔ | hɔmɔ̃ | homo; hɔmɔ̃ |
| louse | ou; ɔ̃u | ɔm | om | om | om | ɔ̃u | o̧u̧; oū | ɔu | õu | o̧u̧; õu; õw |
| dog | sɔ; sou | sɔf | sof; sɔf | sof; sɔf | sɔf | sɔ | so; sɔ | sɔ | sɔ | sɔfo; sofu; sɔfu |
| pig | wai | bɔɛ | | bɔi | bɔi | wai | ʔo | bɛ | be | bɔyɔ |
| bird | siu; siyɔ | sikɪ | sigo | si | sigɔ | siɔ | siu; siyu | ɔsigɔ | sɔʔ | sigo; sigɔ |
| egg | sioho; siyɔ hɔ | si kɔlɔ | holo | hol; si hɔl | wigɔ hɔlɔ | siɔ hɔ | hoo; siu ho | sɔʔ hɔ | sɔʔ hɔ | holo; sigɔ hɔlɔ |
| blood | iyou; ɔyɔ | sʌh | so̧ho̧u | sahau | sõho | kafi | ayo | sãwɔ̃ | kegãye | ayo; ayu |
| bone | dio; diɔ | kiːp | kib; kiːb; kibi | kib | kib | diɔ | dio; diu; diyo | ki | ki | kibi |
| skin | golo; kɔ̃fɔ̃ya | kɔrɔᵽ | kiari; sib | kolof; kɔlɔf | kɔlɔf | kɔlɔ | kolo; kɔlɔ; kɔrɔ | kulɔ | kɔlɔ | kolofu; kɔlɔfu; kɔrɔfu; sibi |
| breast | bu | tɔ̃ː | tol; tor | bu | tɔnu | bu | bu | tɔ̃ | to | bu |
| tree | habe; hebẽ | hɔmɔlɔ | homu | homol; hɔmɔl | hɔmɔ̃n | hʌbe | home; hɔme | hɔmɔ | hɔmɔ | hɔmãnẽ; home |
| man | o; or | ɔs | os | os | os | ɔ | o | ɔľu | ɔlɔga | oso; ouson |
| woman | dobas̲ie; sʌbɔ sãi | uliɔ | uliya | uliʌ; uliya | uliʌ | sʌsai | sobo; sɔbɔ | subɔ | sɔbɔ | sobo; sɔbɔ |
| sun | aso; ʌsɔ̃ | ɔ̃s | a̧s; ãs | o̧s; õːs | õs | ʌsɔ | ãsã; o̧so̧; ōsō | ɔsugɔ | osigɔ̃ | ãsã; oso̧; ɔ̃sɔ̃ |
| moon | ʌgwa; oguao | ɔgɔ | aib | ɔgwʌ; ogwa | ogɔ | ʌgwɔ | ogwʌ; ogwa | a | nɔ̃ligɔ | ogwʌ; ogwa |
| water | hoi; hwɔ̃e | hɔu | hãu; ho̧u̧ | hãũ; ho̧u̧ | hõ | hwẽi | hũi; hũĩ; hwi̧; hwī | hɔ̃wɔ̃ | hɔ̃wɔ̃ | hõ; ho̧u̧; hũ |
| fire | dou; dɔu | dɔlu | dau; dolu | dolu; dɔlu | dɔbu | dou | dou; dɔu; dow | dɔu | dɔu | dolo; dɔlɔ; dɔrɔ |
| stone | yaw; yɔu | yɔ | yo | yo | yo | yo | yo; yɔ | yɔ | yo | yo |
| road, path | | | ori | | | | ai | | | ari |
| name | hũ; husolo | | hũ | hu̧ti; hũti | hũni | hũ | hũ; hu̧ti; hũti | | hũ | hũ; hu̧ti; hũti |
| eat | nale; nɔlu | nɔwal | na- | nowal; nɔwal | nɔwalaga | nɔlu | na; naiɔ; naiyo | nelaːbugɔ | nãye | na; na̧la; nãla |
| one | dano; sisãfe | helɛ | dob | helehai | hele | tano | tano; tanɔ | hɔmakɔna | dihɔ̃ | helenu; helenũ |
| two | balo; sisãma | bena | behino̧w | bẽnabugu; bȩnabugu | bihinɔ̃n | bʌnɔu | beaũ; beya̧u̧ | wɔlugu | hɔma kɔna | bȩnau; bẽnãu |

## Evolution

Proposed East Strickland reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:
Samo language:
* (da)subu ‘ashes’ < *sumbu
* si- ‘burn’ < *nj(a,e,i)-
* na- ‘eat’ < *na-
* magara ‘mouth’ < *maŋgat[a]
* korofu ‘skin’ < *(ŋg,k)a(n,t)apu
* mere(ma) ‘tongue’ < *me(l,n)e
* mini ‘nose’ < *mundu
Bibo language:
* (da)suf ‘ashes’ < *sumbu
Agala language:
* fulu(ma) ali ‘to fly’ < *pululu-