OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bridge of Sighs, Oxford

Hertford Bridge, often called the Bridge of Sighs, is a skyway joining two parts of Hertford College over New College Lane in Oxford, England. Its distinctive design makes it a city landmark.

## Misnomer and myth

The bridge is often referred to as the Bridge of Sighs because of its supposed similarity to the better known Bridge of Sighs in Venice.
There is a false legend saying that many decades ago, a survey of the health of students was taken, and as Hertford College's students were the heaviest, the college closed off the bridge to force them to take the stairs, giving them extra exercise. However, if the bridge is not used, the students actually climb fewer stairs than if they do use the bridge.

## Building

The bridge links together the Old and New Quadrangles of Hertford College (to the south and the north respectively), and much of its current architecture was designed by Sir Thomas Jackson. It was completed in 1914, despite its construction being opposed by New College.
The building on the southern side of the bridge houses the college's administrative offices, whereas the northern building is mostly student accommodation. The bridge is always open to members of the college, who can often be seen crossing it. The bridge is Grade II listed.
# Guibare

Guibare is a town in the Guibare Department of Bam Province in northern-central Burkina Faso. It is the capital of the Guibare Department and has a population of 2,836.
# Fagaramide

Fagaramide is a naturally occurring compound found in various species of Zanthoxylum plants. It, and analogs based on its skeleton, have been investigated for various biological effects. The relatively simple structure and ease of synthesis have allowed production of libraries of related compounds.
# Spec Property Developments

Spec Property Developments is a major Australian Real estate development organization. The firm was founded in 1995, and has been involved in various notable development projects. Since 1997, the company has developed over $1 billion in residency projects.
# St. Angela Merici's Church (Bronx)

The Church of St. Angela Merici is a Roman Catholic parish church under the authority of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at 917 Morris Avenue, Bronx, New York City. It was established in 1899. It has been staffed by the Apostles of Jesus since 2000.
# Spur ryal

The Spur Ryal was an extremely rare English gold coin issued in the reign of King James I. The coin is a development of the earlier Rose Noble, or Ryal which was worth ten shillings when issued by Kings Edward IV and Henry VII, and fifteen shillings when issued by Queens Mary and Elizabeth I.
The Spur Ryal, so called because the sun and rose on the reverse resemble a spur, was introduced during James I's second coinage (1604–1619) when it initially had a value of fifteen shillings (15/-), but in line with all gold coins its value was raised by 10% in 1612, to sixteen shillings and sixpence (16/6). The design of this first issue shows on the obverse the king in a ship holding a sword and shield, surrounded by the legend IACOBUS DG MAG BRIT FRAN ET HIB REX -- "James by the grace of God King of Great Britain France and Ireland". The reverse shows a rose over a radiant star, with a lion and crown in each quarter surrounded by the legend A. DNO FACTUM EST ISTUD ET EST MIRABILE (shorthand for the Latin A DOMINO FACTUM EST ISTUD ET EST MIRABILE) -- "This is the Lord's doing and it is marvellous (in our eyes)".
During James' third coinage (1619–1625) a new-style lighter spur ryal was issued with the value and weight reduced to fifteen shillings (15/-). On the obverse is a lion holding a sceptre over the royal shield which divides the value "XV" for fifteen shillings, surrounded by the legend IACOBUS DG MAG BRIT FRA ET HI REX -- James by the grace of God King of Great Britain France and Ireland. The reverse shows, as before, a rose over a radiant star, with a lion and crown in each quarter surrounded by the legend A. DNO FACTUM EST ISTUD ET EST MIRABILE -- This is the Lord's doing and it is marvellous (in our eyes).
# Hantzsche–Wendt manifold

The Hantzsche–Wendt manifold, also known as the HW manifold or didicosm, is a compact, orientable, flat 3-manifold, first studied by Walter Hantzsche and Hilmar Wendt in 1934. It is the only closed flat 3-manifold with first Betti number zero. Its holonomy group is $\mathbb {Z} _{2}^{2}$. It has been suggested as a possible shape of the universe because its complicated geometry can obscure the features in the cosmic microwave background that would arise if the universe is a closed flat manifold, such as the 3-torus.

## Construction

The HW manifold can be built from two cubes that share a face. One construction proceeds as follows:
* The top and bottom faces are glued to one another.
* One of the remaining sides is glued to the opposite side with a 180° rotation.
* One of the remaining faces on the top cube is glued to the matching face of the bottom cube, reflected across an axis parallel to the long axis of the double-cube.
* Repeat step 3 for the remaining pair of faces.

## Generalizations

In addition to the orientable one (the Hantzsche–Wendt manifold), there are two non-orientable flat 3-manifolds with holonomy group $\mathbb {Z} _{2}^{2}$, known as the first and second amphidicosms, both with first Betti number 1.
Similar flat n-dimensional manifolds with holonomy $\mathbb {Z} _{2}^{n-1}$, known as generalized Hantzsche–Wendt manifolds, may be constructed for any n≥2, but orientable ones exist only in odd dimensions. The number of orientable HW manifolds up to diffeomorphism increases exponentially with dimension. All of these have first Betti number β$_1$ 0 or 1.
Number of generalized HW manifolds by dimension :
| Dimension | Total (OEIS: A124153) | Orientable | Non-orientable | β$_1$ = 0 | β$_1$ = 1 |
| 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 2 | 10 |
| 5 | 123 | 2 | 121 | 23 | 100 |
| 6 | 2536 | 0 | 2536 | 352 | 2184 |

## Trivia

The didicosm is eponymous and plays a central role in Greg Egan's science-fiction short story "Didicosm".
# Makhi, Unnao

Makhi is a large village in Miyanganj block of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It hosts a Ramlila fair for one day during the month of Kuar, and it also holds a market twice per week, on Mondays and Saturdays. The main items sold at the market are grain and vegetables. Makhi also has a train station on the Kanpur-Balamau line, between the stations at Safipur and Patiyara. As of 2011, its population is 13,786, in 2,503 households.

## History

Makhi was supposedly founded around the year 1000 by a Lodh named Makhi, who named the village after himself. The Lodhs were then conquered by one Raja Ishri Singh, from Mainpuri, whose descendants remained the zamindars of the village through the 20th century.
At the turn of the 20th century, Makhi was described as a very large village at the far southern part of the pargana of Asiwan Rasulabad. The Ramlila fair did not draw very large crowds then, and the village's industries included the manufacture of earthenware pottery and some silver ornaments. It had two temples, one to Devi and one to Mahadeo, and its population (which was 4,544 as of the 1901 census) consisted mostly of Chauhan Thakurs and Brahmins.
The 1961 census recorded Makhi as comprising 19 hamlets, with a total population of 6,447 (3,411 male and 3,036 female), in 1,130 households and 1,042 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 5,529 acres. Average attendance of the biweekly market was about 400 people at the time. The village had a medical practitioner at the time, as well as the following small-scale industrial establishments: 1 grain mill, 3 miscellaneous food processing facilities, 1 maker of garments, 1 maker of sundry hardwares, and 3 uncategorised manufacturers.
# Soria railway station

Soria Railway Station (IATA: RII) is the railway station of Soria, Spain.
It is a terminus, but in the past trains continued into the interior of the province.
The line runs 94 km from Soria to Torralba, where it joins the conventional Madrid-Zaragoza-Barcelona line.
# Breivoll Inspection Technologies AS

Breivoll Inspection Technologies (BIT) have in close collaboration with Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and other partners developed a system for condition assessment of water pipelines. The company is the first world-wide to perform condition assessments of water pipes with the use of a pipescanner based on ART (Acoustic Resonance Technology). The targeted customers include managers of water networks, consultants, entrepreneurs and authorities. BIT were the recipients of the 2007 Norwegian Engineering Award. The company has offices in Tromsø and Oslo, Norway.

## History

In 1992, Det Norske Veritas (DNV) was hired by the Norwegian authorities to develop technology to detect any remaining oil in the sunken German WW2 warship Blücher. The technology they advised was based on acoustic resonance, and it was discovered that as a bi-product it can also be used to measure the thickness of metallic plates. This discovery was the foundation of DNV's effort to develop a whole new inspection technology, based on ART (Acoustic Resonance Technology). John D. Breivoll had worked closely with DNV to inspect sewer mains since the 1980s. Since there were no good methods to inspect water mains in the same way as one can inspect sewer mains, John D. Breivoll saw the potential of the ART technology for the water sector, and while DNV primarily saw the use of the technology in oil related industries, John D. Breivoll started Breivoll Inspection Technologies AS with Arne Christian Vangdal in 1998 to license ART for the water sector.

## Technology

To be able to inspect water-filled distribution mains, the company has developed a Pipescanner which is neutrally buoyant and carries 64 custom-made transducers through the water pipe. The scanner collects roughly 200 MB of acoustic resonance data per meter, which is then stored and sent to analysis. A custom software-suite based on ART (Acoustic Resonance Technology) is then used to translate the resonance data to information about remaining wall thickness, internal corrosion and external corrosion.

## Awards

BIT were the recipients of the 2007 Norwegian Engineering Award, given by the technical magazine Teknisk Ukeblad "for their work within socially beneficial infrastructure management".
In 2008, the Norwegian Research Council awarded the first Industrial Ph.D. stipend to BIT and to their employee Martin Skjelvareid Hansen.
# Ghost Riders (Outlaws album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Ghost Riders is the sixth studio album by American rock band Outlaws, released on November 22, 1980, through Arista Records. The album lacks the country music influence of the band's previous recordings, instead emphasizing hard rock.
Ghost Riders sparked a comeback after the mediocre sales of prior albums. Their cover of "(Ghost) Riders In the Sky" was one of their most successful songs earned the band some attention outside southern rock circles. Ghost Riders would be the final Outlaws album for Billy Jones, who would be asked to leave the band after its release.

## Track listing

* "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky" (Stan Jones) – 5:52
* "White Horses" (Salem) – 3:53
* "Angels Hide" (Thomasson) – 5:45
* "Devil's Road" (Salem) – 4:50
* "I Can't Stop Loving You" (Nicholls) – 4:21
* "Wishing Wells" (Thomasson) – 3:35
* "Sunshine" (Duke, Jones) – 5:38
* "Freedom Walk" (Jones) – 5:45

## Personnel

* Rick Cua – bass, guitar, vocals
* David Dix – percussion, drums
* Billy Jones – guitar, vocals
* Mike Duke – keyboards, vocals
* Freddie Salem – guitar, vocals
* Hughie Thomasson – guitar, vocals

## Charts

Album
| Year | Chart | Position |
| 1981 | Pop Albums | 25 |
| 1981 | Canada | 12 |
Singles
| Year | Single | Chart | Position |
| 1981 | "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky" | Top Rock Tracks | 15 |
| 1981 | "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky" | Hot 100 | 31 |
# St. Louis station

St. Louis, Saint Louis, or Saint-Louis may refer to several transportation facilities:
* Saint-Louis station, the main train station in Saint-Louis, Haut-Rhin, France
* Saint Louis BTS station, a rapid transit station in Bangkok, Thailand
* Gateway Transportation Center, the main train station in St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
* St. Louis Union Station, a disused train station in St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
# Moses J. Liddell

Moses J. Liddell (1845–1891) was born in Louisiana and appointed Justice of the Territorial Montana Supreme Court, by President Grover Cleveland, serving from 1888 to 1889.

## Early life

Moses J. Liddell was born to the wealthy plantation owner and Confederate General, St. John Richardson Liddell and Mary Metcalfe Roper Liddell. He was the third of ten children and the first male. The Liddell family had previously lived on a plantation in Woodville, Mississippi, but had established a plantation named "Llanada" in Catahoula Parish near Harrisonburg, Louisiana, prior to Moses' birth. A famous feud began between the Liddell family and a prominent neighboring landowner named Charles Jones during the 1850s, which would become known as the Jones-Liddell feud.

## Military service

Moses J. Liddell enlisted in the Confederate Army when the Civil War began, and was made a Second Lieutenant in the 1st (Wheat's) Special Battalion, Infantry (Louisiana Tigers). He was listed as a prisoner of war, and paroled at Jackson, Mississippi on May 12, 1865.

## Marriage and children

Liddell married Isabella Turnbull Semple on March 11, 1868. Together they had three children.

## Jones-Liddell feud

His father struggled following the Civil War to retain "Llanada" in Catahoula Parish, due in part to reconstruction policies and the loss of slave labor. As a result of these conditions the Jones-Liddell feud came to a boil when Liddell's father, St. John Richardson Liddell, was assassinated by the Jones family on February 14, 1870. In retaliation for his father's murder, on February 18, 1870, when Moses J. Liddell saw the accused assassin of his father, Col. Charles Jones, Liddell shot him while Jones was being transported to the boat in custody at Harrisonburg. Jones did not die as a result of the gunshot wounds.

## Move to Richland Parish

As a result of the political unrest due to the sensationalized feud, Moses J. Liddell along with his wife and children moved to Richland Parish, Louisiana, where the Liddell's had acquired thousands of acres between Girard and Alto, primarily along the banks of Boeuf River.
By 1884, Liddell had opened a law office in Rayville, Louisiana.
In 1876, Liddell was nominated to attend the Democratic State Convention representing Richland Parish and served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Richland in 1878. Liddell was endorsed by the Democratic club of Ward 3 as their choice for State Representative. On November 5, 1878, Liddell defeated A.B. Cooper by a vote of 621-440 for the State Representative seat.

## Appointed as judge

In 1880, Liddell retired from the legislature and moved to Monroe, Louisiana, where he joined Charles J. Boatner in a law practice. Liddell traveled to Washington in 1887 and received a commitment from President Grover Cleveland for an appointment to the State Supreme Court of the Montana Territory. His colleague, Charles Boatner, went on to become an elected member of United States House of Representatives in 1889.

## Death and legacy

In 1891, Liddell died at his home in Bozeman, Montana, after a brief illness.
# Spurfowl

Spurfowl are two genera of birds:
* Galloperdix, from India and Sri Lanka
* Pternistis, from Africa
# Hantzschia amphioxys

Hantzschia amphioxys is a species of diatom belonging to the family Bacillariaceae.
It has cosmopolitan distribution.
# Malope trifida

Malope trifida (mallow-wort, annual malope, maloppi, purple Spanish mallow; syn. Malope ciliata F.G. Dietr., Malope grandiflora F.G.Dietr., Malope malacoides var trifida (Cav.) Samp.) is a species of Malope native to the Western Mediterranean Region. This plant is often used as an ornamental plant.
# Sorbin

Sorbin is a village in the Tenkodogo Department of Boulgou Province in south-eastern Burkina Faso. As of 2005, the village has a population of 297.
# Breivik, Finnmark

Breivik (lit. 'broad cove') is a small fishing village in Hasvik Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located about half-way in between the villages of Sørvær and Breivikbotn on the western end of the island of Sørøya, looking out into the Lopphavet Sea. It is located along Norwegian County Road 882.
# Fraser Plateau

The Fraser Plateau is an intermontane plateau. It is one of the main subdivisions of the Interior Plateau located in the Central Interior of British Columbia.

## Geography

The region includes the Cariboo Plateau and Chilcotin Plateau, and the adjoining Marble, Clear and Camelsfoot Ranges on its southwestern edge.
It is defined as lying between the Bonaparte River on its southeast, beyond which is the Bonaparte or Kamloops Plateau, part of the Thompson Plateau, and by a line formed by the Dean and West Road Rivers on its northwest (the Nechako Plateau lies to the north of the West Road).
Also included in the Fraser Plateau are the Itcha and Ilgachuz Ranges and the adjoining Rainbow Range, which adjoin the Coast Mountains.

## Geology

The Fraser Plateau consists of basaltic lava of the Chilcotin Group, a group of related volcanic rocks that is nearly parallel with the Fraser Plateau.
# Jacob Kennedy

Jacob Kennedy may refer to:
* Jake Bugg, née Jacob Kennedy
* Jacob Kennedy (rugby union), 2006 Air New Zealand Cup
# Sport Huanta

Club Deportivo Cultural Sport Huanta (sometimes referred as Sport Huanta) is a Peruvian football club, playing in the city of Huanta, Ayacucho, Peru.

## History

The Club Deportivo Cultural Sport Huanta was founded on February 17, 2012.
In 2013 Copa Perú, the club qualified to the Provincial Stage, but was eliminated when it finished in third place.
In 2015 Copa Perú, the club qualified to the Departamental Stage, but was eliminated by Deportivo Municipal (Kimbiri) in the Quarterfinals.
In 2016 Copa Perú, the club qualified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by José María Arguedas in the Repechage.
In 2017 Copa Perú, the club qualified to the Departamental Stage, but was eliminated by Los Audaces de Mayapo in the Semifinals.
In 2018 Copa Perú, the club qualified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by Santos in the Second Stage.
In 2019 Copa Perú, the club qualified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by Sport Chavelines in the Round of 16.

## Rivalries

Sport Huanta has had a long-standing rivalry with local club Player Villafuerte. The rivalry between Villafuerte and Huanta known as the Clásico Huantino.

## Coach

* Aristóteles Ramos Escate (2016)

## Honours
### Regional

* Liga Departamental de Ayacucho:
       Winners (2): 2018, 2019
       Runner-up (1): 2016
* Liga Provincial de Huanta:
       Winners (2): 2016, 2018
       Runner-up (3): 2015, 2017, 2019
* Liga Distrital de Huanta:
       Winners (2): 2013, 2016
       Runner-up (3): 2017, 2018, 2019
# St. Louis–New Orleans Stars

The St. Louis–New Orleans Stars, originally the Indianapolis ABCs and then the St. Louis Stars, were a major Negro league baseball team that played in the Negro American League from 1938 through 1941. They disbanded for the 1942 season due to financial difficulties but regrouped for the 1943 season in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania as the Harrisburg–St. Louis Stars in the Negro National League before folding for good.

## History
### Formation as Indianapolis ABCs

One season removed from the failed attempt of the Indianapolis Athletics to revive Negro league baseball in Indiana, a new team was formed in 1938. Hoping to revive the success of years past, the owners named the team the ABCs; the third such team to do so and the first in five years. Almost immediately, financial difficulties forced the team to relocate.

### St. Louis Stars

In 1939, the team arrived in St. Louis and again took on the name of a previously successful local team, the St. Louis Stars. This was again the third such named team and the first in two years. This club continued to suffer financial woes and after one season had to resort to splitting their home games between two cities.

### St. Louis–New Orleans Stars

For the 1940 and 1941 seasons, the club split its home games between St. Louis and New Orleans and rechristened themselves as the St. Louis–New Orleans Stars. However, having two home cities did nothing to improve their financial difficulties.

### Hiatus

In 1942, Allen Johnson, owner of the St. Louis–New Orleans Stars, quit the Negro American League to become part owner of the New York Black Yankees in the Negro National League. He brought George Mitchell along as business manager. A dispute ensued about whether he was allowed to transfer the Stars players to the Black Yankees; the leagues decided that he could transfer ten players, with the remaining nine players to be distributed among Negro American League teams.

### Harrisburg–St. Louis Stars

In 1943, Johnson and Mitchell established a new Negro National League franchise in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, although they played under the Harrisburg–St. Louis Stars moniker because the majority of the players had previously played for the St. Louis Stars. By mid-season, they were in conflict with league officials over signing players that were reserved by other teams, and they received permission to drop out of the league in July to barnstorm as the "Bond Bombers" to raise funds for war bonds. They disbanded for good after the 1943 season.

## Home fields

As the Indianapolis ABCs, they played their home games at Perry Stadium (1938). The St. Louis home games were played at South End Park (1939, 1941), their New Orleans home games at Pelican Stadium (1940–1941) and their Harrisburg home games at Island Stadium (1943).
# Francis Goodwin

Francis Goodwin may refer to:
* Francis Goodwin (architect) (1784–1835), English architect
* Francis Goodwin (MP) (1564–1634), English politician
* Francis Goodwin (cricketer) (1866–1931), English cricketer
# Franzosenwoog

Franzosenwoog is a former reservoir in Pfälzerwald, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It was created around 1828 to facilitate timber rafting on the nearby Hochspeyerbach and ceased to exist around 1885.
* This Rhineland-Palatinate location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e