OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dorothy Emmet

Dorothy Mary Emmet (/ˈɛmɪt/; 29 September 1904, Kensington, London – 20 September 2000, Cambridge) was a British philosopher and head of Manchester University's philosophy department for over twenty years. With Margaret Masterman and Richard Braithwaite she was a founder member of the Epiphany Philosophers. She was the doctoral advisor of Alasdair MacIntyre and Robert Austin Markus. Emmet was educated at Lady Margaret Hall, University of Oxford, where she took first-class honours in 1927.

## Positions held

* Commonwealth Fellowship at Radcliffe College
* Tutor at Somerville College, Oxford
* Lecturer in philosophy at Armstrong College, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (now Newcastle University) in 1932
* She joined Manchester University as a lecturer in the philosophy of religion in 1938. She was named reader in philosophy in 1945 and was appointed Sir Samuel Hall professor of philosophy in 1946.
* President of the Aristotelian Society in 1953–54.
* Fellow, Lucy Cavendish College, University of Cambridge in 1966

## Publications

* Whitehead's Philosophy of Organism (1932)
* The Nature of Metaphysical Thinking (1945)
* Annual philosophical lecture to the British Academy (1949)
* The Stanton lectures in Cambridge (1950–53)
* Function, Purpose and Powers (1958)
* Rules, Roles and Relations (1966)
* Sociological Theory and Philosophical Analysis (1970; co-edited with Alasdair MacIntyre).
* The Moral Prism (1979)
* The Effectiveness of Causes (1986)
* The Passage of Nature (1992)
* The Role of the Unrealisable (1994)
* Philosophers and Friends: Reminiscences of 70 Years in Philosophy (1996)

## Sources

* Obituary: Dorothy Emmet The Guardian, 27 September 2000
* Dorothy Emmet Times obituary, 8 October 2000 – archived by Wayback Machine
* James A. Bradley, André Cloots, Helmut Maaßen and Michel Weber (eds.), European Studies in Process Thought, Vol. I. In Memoriam Dorothy Emmet, Leuven, European Society for Process Thought, 2003 (ISBN 3-8330-0512-2).
* Leemon McHenry, "Dorothy M. Emmet (1904–2000)," in Michel Weber and Will Desmond (eds.). Handbook of Whiteheadian Process Thought (Frankfurt / Lancaster, Ontos Verlag, 2008, pp. 649 sq.). Cf. Ronny Desmet & Michel Weber (edited by), Whitehead. The Algebra of Metaphysics. Applied Process Metaphysics Summer Institute Memorandum, Louvain-la-Neuve, Les Éditions Chromatika, 2010.
* Leemon McHenry, "EMMET, Dorothy Mary (1904–2000)" Dictionary of Twentieth-Century British Philosophers, edited by Stuart Brown, Bristol: Thoemmes Press, 2005, pp. 266–268.
# Arixiuna

Arixiuna is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
* Arixiuna longula (Bates, 1881)
* Arixiuna prolixa (Bates, 1872)
* Arixiuna varians (Bates, 1881)
# Holy Redeemer Primary School

Holy Redeemer Primary School is a Catholic, parish primary school located in the heart of Belize City, Belize.

## History

Located at the Cathedral parish in Belize City, it began operation in 1869. In 1883 the Sisters of Mercy arrived in Belize and made the running of this school their first task. At that time there were more part-Spanish Mestizo children in the school, refugees from the Caste War of Yucatán, than there were Creole children. It has always been one of the largest schools in Belize, located in the heart of old Belize Town.

## Alumni

Noted alumni include Antonio Soberanis Gómez, an activist in the Belizean labour movement, George Price, first prime minister of Belize, and politician Jorge Espat, former Minister of National Security and Economic Development and president of St. John's College.
17°29′48.38″N 88°11′14.24″W﻿ / ﻿17.4967722°N 88.1872889°W﻿ / 17.4967722; -88.1872889
# Dose-fractionation theorem

The dose-fractionation theorem for tomographic imaging is a statement that says the total dose required to achieve statistical significance for each voxel of a computed 3D reconstruction is the same as that required to obtain a single 2D image of that isolated voxel at the same level of statistical significance. Hegerl and Hoppe have pointed out that a statistically significant 3D image can be computed from statistically insignificant projections, as long as the total dose that is distributed among these projections is high enough that it would have resulted in a statistically significant projection, if applied to only one image. The original derivations assumed weak-contrast imaging with additive noise, however, the dose-fractionation theorem was demonstrated using a more complete noise model by Yalisove, Sung, et al.
# Drury Melone

Drury Melone (c. 1833-1903) was a California politician who served as the 11th California Secretary of State and a Presidential Elector. Melone was a stockholder of the Union Pacific Railroad and also owned and operated the St. George Hotel in Sacramento, California.
# Dolina (Leorda)

The Dolina is a left tributary of the river Sitna in Romania. It flows into the Sitna in Leorda. Its length is 11 km (6.8 mi) and its basin size is 25 km$^2$ (9.7 sq mi).
# East Hampshire Hangers

The East Hampshire Hangers are located in the English county of Hampshire and form a line of hills with steep scarps that marks the eastern edge of the Hampshire Downs and its boundary with the Western Weald, an area of rolling countryside east of Petersfield and Liss. The Hangers run from the area of Farnham to Petersfield, before swinging eastwards to take in the north-facing scarp of the South Downs. The main settlements of the area are the villages of Selborne, Hawkley and East Worldham. The name is derived from the "hangers": long, narrow remnants of ancient woodland clinging to the steep scarp slopes. Examples include Milking Hanger, Warner's Hanger and Wick Hill Hanger.
The area is an historic landscape and has been designated as a Special Area of Conservation covering around 577 hectares (1,430 acres).
High points of the Hangers include: Wheatham Hill (249 metres (817 ft)), Noar Hill (214 metres (702 ft)), Selborne Hill (211 metres (692 ft)) and Shoulder of Mutton Hill.
# Leicester (village), New York

Leicester is a village in the town of Leicester, Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 468 at the 2010 census, out of 2,200 in the entire town of Leicester. The village and town are named after Leicester Phelps, an early inhabitant.

## History

The village was formerly called "Leister" and "Moscow". It was incorporated in 1850.
The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Station was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

## Notable people

* Daniel O. Mahoney, former Wisconsin State Assemblyman
* George W. Patterson, former US congressman and lieutenant governor of New York
* Eben Norton Horsford, former baking powder magnate.

## Geography

The village is in western Livingston County, in the center of the town of Leicester. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.35 square miles (0.9 km$^2$), all land. The northern border of the village is Beards Creek, an east-flowing tributary of the Genesee River.
The village is at the junction of U.S. Route 20A, New York State Route 36, and New York State Route 39. It is 5 miles (8 km) west of Geneseo, the Livingston county seat, and 34 miles (55 km) southwest of Rochester.
The village is 3 miles (5 km) north of Mount Morris Dam at the north end of Letchworth State Park.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 469 people, 175 households, and 130 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,317.8 inhabitants per square mile (508.8/km$^2$). There were 186 housing units at an average density of 522.6 per square mile (201.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 95.74% White, 0.43% Black or African American, 0.21% Native American, 1.49% from other races, and 2.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.35% of the population.
There were 175 households, out of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $43,750, and the median income for a family was $55,357. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $27,386 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,752. About 6.4% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
# Eddie Wold

Edward M. "Eddie" Wold (born 1951) is an American professional bridge player from Houston, Texas. Wold is a graduate of Rice University. Wold is an accomplished teacher and plays regularly at Houston's Westside Bridge Academy, particularly in that club's Saturday afternoon "common game," where over a thousand pairs from all over the country play identical boards (the same cards).

## Bridge accomplishments
### Awards

* Herman Trophy (1) 1990
* Mott-Smith Trophy (3) 1989, 1998, 2005

### Wins

* North American Bridge Championships (15)
** Silodor Open Pairs (1) 2005
** Grand National Teams (2) 1977, 1981
** Jacoby Open Swiss Teams (1) 1991
** Vanderbilt (2) 1979, 1982
** Senior Knockout Teams (1) 2010
** Keohane North American Swiss Teams (1) 2008
** Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams (2) 1984, 1987
** Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match (1) 1990
** Reisinger (2) 1985, 2003
** Spingold (2) 1977, 1984

### Runners-up

* North American Bridge Championships
** von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs (1) 1994
** Wernher Open Pairs (1) 1993
** Grand National Teams (2) 1998, 2004
** Jacoby Open Swiss Teams (2) 1998, 2011
** Truscott Senior Swiss Teams (1) 2011
** Senior Knockout Teams (1) 2011
** Keohane North American Swiss Teams (2) 2006, 2022
** Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams (2) 1990, 2000
** Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match (3) 1984, 1994, 2003
** Reisinger (3) 1980, 1990, 1997
** Roth Open Swiss Teams (1) 2009
# Emanuel Scott

Emanuel Scott (6 July 1834 – 3 December 1898) was an English first-class cricketer, who played one match for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1864.
Born in Birkenshaw, Yorkshire, England, Scott batted right-handed and scored eight runs in his only innings, against Kent at Swatter's Carr, Middlesbrough. He also took two wickets for 27, bowling right arm, round arm, medium pace. Yorkshire won the match by four wickets. Scott also played for the Gentlemen of Sussex from 1860 to 1869.
Scott died in December 1898, in Birkenshaw, Yorkshire.
# Hotel Catalonia

Catalonia Hotel or Hotel Catalunya or variation, may refer to:
* Hotel Torre Catalunya, skyscraper and hotel in Barcelona, Spain
* Hotel Catalonia Plaza Europa, skyscraper and hotel in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (suburb of Barcelona), Spain
# Ann Hyland

Ann Hyland is a writer and historian who specialises in equestrianism and the development of horses. She is also a consultant for the Oxford English Dictionary.
Ann Hyland trains horses as well as being a freelance lecturer on equestrian topics.

## Select bibliography

* Beginner's Guide to Western Riding (1971)
* Foal to Five Years (1980)
* The Endurance Horse (1988)
* Riding Long Distance (1988)
* Equus: The Horse in the Roman World (1990)
* The Appaloosa (1990)
* Training the Roman Cavalry (1993)
* The Medieval Warhorse: From Byzantium to the Crusades (1994)
* The Warhorse: 1250–1600 (1998)
* The Horse in the Middle Ages (1999)
* The Quarter Horse (1999)
* The Horse in the Ancient World (2003)
* The Warhorse in the Modern Era: Breeder to Battlefield 1600 to 1865 (2009)
* The Warhorse in the Modern Era: The Boer War to the Beginning of the Second Millennium (2010)
# Hanover Square

Hanover Square may refer to:
* Hanover Square, Westminster, in London, England
* Hanover Square, Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA
** Hanover Square (IRT Third Avenue Line), elevated station
* Hanover Square, Syracuse, New York, USA
# Amasa Sprague Jr.

Amasa Sprague (December 19, 1828 – August 2, 1902) was an American businessman and politician from Rhode Island. Born into an influential family, Sprague was a multi-millionaire textile industrialist until the Panic of 1873. He held various political offices in Rhode Island and was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Rhode Island in the 1886 election.

## Business

Sprague was born on December 19, 1828, at the family residence in Cranston, Rhode Island. He attended public and private schools and the East Greenwich Academy. Following his father's murder in 1843, Sprague began to handle a large amount of responsibility for the A & W Sprague. After the death of his uncle William Sprague III, Sprague and his brother William Sprague IV took control of the family's mills. They completed construction of the Baltic, Connecticut, cotton mill planned by their uncle. The company's business grew during the American Civil War. During the early 1870s, the output of A & W Sprague's nine mills was greater than all of the other mills in the United States combined and the firm's profits were around $20 million annually. Due to bad investments and careless speculation, the company fell into receivership following the Panic of 1873 and by 1875, almost all of the Spragues' assets had been sold.

## Politics

Sprague served on his brother's staff during his term as governor and received the title of colonel. He represented Cranston in the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865 and again from 1884 to 1885. After moving to Cowesett he represented Warwick, Rhode Island, in the Rhode Island Senate. In 1886, Sprague was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Rhode Island. He lost to Republican incumbent George P. Wetmore 53% to 37%. From 1890 until his death in 1902, Sprague served as sheriff of Kent County, Rhode Island. In 1890, Sprague switched from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.

## Horse racing

During the civil war, Sprague purchased horses for the 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Regiment. After the war he bought a stock farm in Kansas and sold over 300 horses by 1873. In 1861, Sprague formed a partnership with Edward Babcock to operate a trotting park on a portion on Babcock's farm. The pair had a falling out over alleged gambling at the track and in 1867, Sprague opened Narragansett Park in Cranston, Rhode Island. In 1870, he helped found the National Association for the Promotion of the Interests of American Trotting Turf and served as the organization's president until his resignation in 1876. In 1881, Narragansett Park was purchased at auction for $25,000 (~$679,278 in 2023) by J. B. Barnaby.

## Personal life

Sprague had one daughter, Fannie, with his first wife, Mary Warburton. On November 12, 1873, he married Harriet Byron Sprague, daughter of his first cousin Byron Sprague. They had one son, Amasa Sprague III.
In the 1870s, Sprague constructed a large mansion in Cowesett, Rhode Island. He lived there until his death on August 2, 1902. The mansion was purchased by Walter R. Stiness following Sprague's death. It was later destroyed by fire.
# Eleftherios Goulielmakis

Eleftherios Goulielmakis (Ελευθέριος Γουλιελμάκης) is a Greek physicist specializing in lasers. He is a professor of physics at the University of Rostock, Germany where he currently leads the research activities of the Extreme Photonics group. Previously, he was the head of the research group "Attoelectronics" at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Garching, Germany.

## Biography

He obtained his Bachelor´s and Master´s degree in physics and optoelectronics respectively from the University of Crete, Greece and the PhD degree (Dr. rer. nat.) from Ludiwig-Maximilans-Universität (LMU) in Munich in 2005.
For his work on the attosecond control and synthesis of light waves he has been awarded the Georgios Foteinos Prize [el] of the Academy of Athens in 2007, the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Young Scientist Prize in Optics of the International Commission for Optics in 2009, the Gustav Hertz Prize of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (DPG) in 2013. and the Röntgen Prize [de] of the Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen in 2015.

## Selected recent works

* Hassan, M. Th.; Luu, T. T.; Moulet, A.; Raskazovskaya, O.; Zhokhov, P.; Garg, M.; Karpowicz, N.; Zheltikov, A. M.; Pervak, V. (2016). "Optical attosecond pulses and tracking the nonlinear response of bound electrons". Nature. 530 (7588): 66–70. doi:10.1038/nature16528. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26842055. S2CID 205247338.
* Moulet, A.; Bertrand, J. B.; Klostermann, T.; Guggenmos, A.; Karpowicz, N.; Goulielmakis, E. (2017-09-15). "Soft x-ray excitonics". Science. 357 (6356): 1134–1138. doi:10.1126/science.aan4737. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28912241.
* Luu, T. T.; Garg, M.; Kruchinin, S. Yu.; Moulet, A.; Hassan, M. Th.; Goulielmakis, E. (2015). "Extreme ultraviolet high-harmonic spectroscopy of solids". Nature. 521 (7553): 498–502. doi:10.1038/nature14456. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26017451. S2CID 205243793.
* Wirth, A.; Hassan, M. T.; Grguras, I.; Gagnon, J.; Moulet, A.; Luu, T. T.; Pabst, S.; Santra, R.; Alahmed, Z. A. (2011-10-14). "Synthesized Light Transients". Science. 334 (6053): 195–200. doi:10.1126/science.1210268. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 21903778. S2CID 43113183.
* Garg, M.; Zhan, M.; Luu, T. T.; Lakhotia, H.; Klostermann, T.; Guggenmos, A.; Goulielmakis, E. (2016). "Multi-petahertz electronic metrology". Nature. 538 (7625): 359–363. doi:10.1038/nature19821. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 27762353. S2CID 205251231.
# Members of the South Australian House of Assembly, 1956–1959

This is a list of members of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1956 to 1959, as elected at the 1956 state election:
| Name | Party | Electorate | Term of office |
| George Bockelberg | LCL | Eyre | 1956–1968 |
| Hon David Brookman | LCL | Alexandra | 1948–1973 |
| Gabe Bywaters | Labor | Murray | 1956–1968 |
| John Clark | Labor | Gawler | 1952–1973 |
| Geoffrey Clarke | LCL | Burnside | 1946–1959 |
| Jim Corcoran | Labor | Millicent | 1945–1947, 1953–1962 |
| John Coumbe | LCL | Torrens | 1956–1977 |
| Charles Davis | Labor | Port Pirie | 1946–1959 |
| Colin Dunnage | LCL | Unley | 1941–1962 |
| Don Dunstan | Labor | Norwood | 1953–1979 |
| John Fletcher | Independent | Mount Gambier | 1938–1958 |
| Rufus Goldney | LCL | Gouger | 1944–1959 |
| George Hambour | LCL | Light | 1956–1960 |
| Leslie Harding | LCL | Victoria | 1956–1965 |
| James Heaslip | LCL | Rocky River | 1949–1968 |
| Leslie Heath | LCL | Wallaroo | 1956–1957 |
| Hon Cecil Hincks | LCL | Yorke Peninsula | 1941–1963 |
| Lloyd Hughes | Labor | Wallaroo | 1957–1970 |
| Cyril Hutchens | Labor | Hindmarsh | 1950–1970 |
| William Jenkins | LCL | Stirling | 1952–1963 |
| Joe Jennings | Labor | Enfield | 1953–1977 |
| Harold King | LCL | Chaffey | 1956–1962 |
| Condor Laucke | LCL | Barossa | 1956–1965 |
| Sam Lawn | Labor | Adelaide | 1950–1971 |
| Ron Loveday | Labor | Whyalla | 1956–1970 |
| Hon Sir Malcolm McIntosh | LCL | Albert | 1921–1959 |
| Robin Millhouse | LCL | Mitcham | 1955–1982 |
| Mick O'Halloran | Labor | Frome | 1918–1921, 1924–1927, 1938–1960 |
| Hon Baden Pattinson | LCL | Glenelg | 1930–1938, 1947–1965 |
| Glen Pearson | LCL | Flinders | 1951–1970 |
| Hon Thomas Playford | LCL | Gumeracha | 1933–1968 |
| Percy Quirke | Independent | Burra | 1941–1968 |
| Ron Ralston | Labor | Mount Gambier | 1958–1962 |
| Lindsay Riches | Labor | Stuart | 1933–1970 |
| Howard Shannon | LCL | Onkaparinga | 1933–1968 |
| James Stephens | Labor | Port Adelaide | 1933–1959 |
| Tom Stott | Independent | Ridley | 1933–1970 |
| Harold Tapping | Labor | Semaphore | 1946–1964 |
| Berthold Teusner | LCL | Angas | 1944–1970 |
| Frank Walsh | Labor | Edwardstown | 1941–1968 |
| Fred Walsh | Labor | West Torrens | 1942–1965 |
    $^1$ The LCL member for Wallaroo, Leslie Heath, died on 16 July 1957. Labor candidate Lloyd Hughes won the resulting by-election on 3 August 1957.
    $^2$ The Independent member for Mount Gambier, John Fletcher, died on 5 June 1958. Labor candidate Ron Ralston won the resulting by-election on 12 July 1958.
    $^3$ The Labor member for Port Pirie, Charles Davis, died on 27 January 1959. No by-election was held due to the imminent 1959 state election.
# Altus Lacy Quaintance

Altus Lacy Quaintance (December 19, 1870 – August 7, 1958) was an American entomologist who specialized in the study of insect pests of fruit trees. He was recognized as an expert on Aleyrodidae, a family of white flies that are major pests of citrus and greenhouse plants.

## Biography

Quaintance was born December 19, 1870, in New Sharon, Iowa. He received a Bachelor of Science at the Florida Agricultural College at the University of Florida in 1893, a Master of Science from the Alabama Polytechnic Institute in 1894 and at the same location, a Doctor of Sciences in 1915.
From 1894 to 1902, Quaintance taught biology and entomology at the University of Florida, served as an entomologist at the agricultural experimental station of Georgia, and then worked as an entomologist at the University of Maryland. In 1903, he was hired at the US Bureau of Entomology and later became entomologist in charge of the new Division of Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations, responsible for research on insect pests of fruit trees, a function that he retained until his retirement in 1930.
After his retirement, Quaintance settled on his farm, called "Quaint Acres", in 1940 in Maryland where he propagated fruit and ornamental nursery stock. In May 1945, a B-25 bomber crashed there. He died at his home near Silver Spring, Maryland, on August 7, 1958.
Quaintance was a charter member of the Entomological Society of America, served as president of the Entomological Society of Washington, and was elected president of the American Association of Economic Entomologists in 1904.

## Partial list of publications

* With William Moore Scott Spraying peaches for the control of brown-rot, scab, and curculio (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1911).
* Contributions toward monograph of American Aleurodidae; Red spiders of U.S. (Tetranychus and Stigmaeus) (1900).
* With Arthur Challen Baker (1875–1959) Control of aphids injurious to orchard fruits, currant, gooseberry and grape (1920).
* Cotton bollworm (1903–1904).
* Fumigation of apples for San Jose scale (1909).
# Hans Hoffmann (painter)

Hans Hoffmann (c. 1530 in Nuremberg – 1591/92 in Prague) was a German painter and draftsman. A leading representative of the Dürer Renaissance, he specialised in watercolor and gouache nature studies, many of them copied from or based on Dürer's work.

## Biography

By 1576 he was living in Nuremberg, where he was mentioned in the records of the town-council meetings as the painter Hans Hoffmann, citizen of the town. He quickly became known for his copies after works by Albrecht Dürer.
In 1584 he went to Munich to work on behalf of William V, Duke of Bavaria. In 1585 he was appointed as a court painter by Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, who brought him to the imperial court in Prague. At the imperial court, Hoffmann advised Rudolph on the development of his art collection and acquired for him works by Dürer.
The art collection assembled by the Nuremberg citizen Paulus Praun [de] contained more than 100 works by Hans Hoffmann. Because the collection was intact until the beginning of the 19th century, many of these works are documented.
# Merensky

Merensky may refer to:
* Hans Merensky (1905–1992), a South African geologist, prospector, scientist, conservationist and philanthropist
** Merensky Reef, a layer of igneous rock in the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) in the Transvaal named after Hans
** Merensky Library, University of Pretoria, a library named after Hans
* Alexander Merensky (1837–1918), a German pioneer missionary in South Africa