OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tuhama Mahmoud Ma'rouf

Tuhama Mahmoud Ma'rouf (Arabic: تهامة محمود معروف; born 1964) is a Syrian dentist who was detained from February 2010 to June 2011 for her involvement in the banned Communist Labour Party in the early 1990s. Amnesty International designated her a prisoner of conscience, "detained solely for the peaceful exercise of her right to freedom of expression and association".

## Arrest and imprisonment

Ma'rouf was originally detained in 1993 for her involvement with the PCA, along with eight other female activists. The arrests were part of a general crackdown on the party which effectively destroyed it.
She was then found guilty and sentenced in absentia on 5 November 1995 by the Supreme State Security Court (SSSC) of violating Article 306 of Syria's Penal Code, "membership in a secret organization which aims to change the economic and social status of the state". However, for unknown reasons, authorities did not arrest her to begin her sentence until 6 February 2010 in Aleppo. Three days later, she appeared before the court and was ordered to be transferred to Adra prison to serve her sentence of six years' imprisonment. On 18 February 2011, she began a hunger strike to demand a transfer to a woman's prison.
Amnesty International protested her imprisonment and called for her immediate release, as did the Committee on Human Rights of the US National Academy of Sciences, the Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies, and Human Rights Watch.
Ma'rouf was released on 2 June 2011 as part of a general amnesty for political dissidents following the start of the Arab Spring protests.

## Personal life

Ma'rouf received a degree in dentistry from Aleppo University in 1997. Her husband, Bakr Sidqi, is a writer and former political prisoner; they have two children.
# Blagoveshchensk, Bashkortostan

Blagoveshchensk (Russian: Благове́щенск; Bashkir: Благовещен, romanized: Blagoveşçen) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located 42 kilometers (26 mi) north of Ufa on the right bank of the Belaya River. Population: 34,239 (2010 Census); 32,989 (2002 Census); 27,705 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was founded in 1756 as a settlement serving the copper melting works and was granted town status in 1941.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Blagoveshchensk serves as the administrative center of Blagoveshchensky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of republic significance of Blagoveshchensk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of republic significance of Blagoveshchensk is incorporated within Blagoveshchensky Municipal District as Blagoveshchensk Urban Settlement.
# Dezak Castle

Dezak castle (Persian: قلعه دزک) is a historical castle located in Kiar County in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, The longevity of this fortress dates back to the Qajar dynasty.
# Podbrdo, Tolmin

Podbrdo (pronounced; Italian: Piedicolle, German: Untereck) is a settlement in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It lies in narrow valley of the Bača River, next to the Bohinj Railway line at the end of the longest railway tunnel in Slovenia (6,327.3 m) and next to the road from Bohinjska Bistrica and Železniki across Petrovo Brdo towards Most na Soči.

## Name

The name Podbrdo is a fused prepositional phrase that has lost its case inflection, from pod 'under' + brdo 'hill', thus referring to the local geography.

## History

The settlement was founded in the 16th century by German-speaking settlers from Tyrol, but the area was settled earlier.

## Church

The most important building in the village is the parish church; it is dedicated to Saint Nicholas and belongs to the Diocese of Koper. It dates from the Baroque period.

## Other cultural heritage

Podbrdo railway station, on the Bohinj Railway, was a border crossing point between the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between World War I and World War II.
There are also many 19th-century houses, a monument to the workers that died during construction of the railway tunnel, and memorials to the uprising against fascism (between World War I and World War II, when Podbrdo, then named Piedicolle, was part of Italy).

## Natural heritage

Podbrdo is surrounded by many attractive mountains such as Slatnik (1589 m), Lajnar (1549 m), Bača Peak (Vrh Bače, 1281 m), Črna Prst (1844 m), Kobla (1498 m), and Porezen (1622 m).
The sunny side of Črna Prst has attracted botanists for more than 200 years. In the mountain meadows it is possible to find a number of rare species:
* Short-haired sandwort (Moehringia villosa), an endemic flower of Bača
* Silvery crane's bill (Geranium argenteum)
* Alpine sea holly (Eryngium alpinum)
* Tephroseris pseudocrispa
* Campanula zoysii
* Artemisia nitida
# Leibold

Leibold is a surname of German origin. It may refer to:
* Friedrich Ernst Leibold (1804–1864), German gardener and botanical collector
* Nemo Leibold (1892–1977), American baseball player
* Paul Francis Leibold (1914–1972), American clergyman
* Tim Leibold (born 1993), German footballer
# Hinckange

Hinckange (French pronunciation:; German: Heinkingen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Maria Reyes

Maria Reyes (born 2002 in Mexico) is a Mexican ecofeminist and climate activist, involved in Fridays for Future MAPA, International, and the Alliance of Non-Governmental Radical Youth (A.N.G.R.Y). Her activism is centered on a range of critical issues within the climate movement, both environmental justice and the intersectional struggles that tie climate change to social inequalities.
# Assasuni Union

Assasuni Union (Bengali: আশাশুনি ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad in Assasuni Upazila of Satkhira District, in Khulna Division, Bangladesh.
# Mozhayskoye, Vologda Oblast

Mozhayskoye (Russian: Можайское) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Spasskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 763 as of 2002. There are 19 streets.

## Geography

Mozhayskoye is located 13 km southwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kotelnikovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Naqqarchi Mahalleh, Sari

Naqqarchi Mahalleh (Persian: نقارچي محله, also Romanized as Naqqārchī Maḩalleh) is a village in Miandorud-e Kuchak Rural District, in the Central District of Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 206, in 51 families.
# 1998 Idaho Vandals football team

The 1998 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1998 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Vandals, led by fourth-year head coach Chris Tormey, were members of the Big West Conference and played their home games at the Kibbie Dome, an indoor facility on campus in Moscow, Idaho.
In their third season back in Division I-A, the Vandals won their only Big West title in football and were invited to the Humanitarian Bowl in Boise, in which they defeated the heavily favored Southern Mississippi Golden Eagles of Conference USA. The Vandals were led by redshirt freshman quarterback John Welsh, in his fifth start; his first was at sixth-ranked LSU in late September. The season surpassed all expectations of the team, one publication ranked Idaho last among all Division I-A teams before the start of the season. Idaho began the season with very little experience at quarterback and two new coordinators, both promoted from within. Sophomore Ed Dean was the opening day quarterback, then junior college transfer Greg Robertson started six of the next eight games. He re-injured his shoulder on Halloween, and Welsh took over for the remainder of the season.
In the rivalry game to end the regular season against Boise State, also at Bronco Stadium, Idaho made a two-point conversion in overtime to win the conference title. This was the fifteenth win over the Broncos in the last seventeen games dating back to 1982, but stands as the most recent; the Vandals then dropped a dozen straight to BSU through 2010, the last meeting in the series.
The Big West Conference discontinued football following the 2000 season; this remains Idaho's most recent conference title in football.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 5 | 6:05 pm | No. 21 (I-AA) Eastern Washington* | Kibbie DomeMoscow, ID | | W 31–14 | 10,495 |
| September 12 | 6:00 pm | at San Jose State* | Spartan StadiumSan Jose, CA | | W 17–12 | 12,432 |
| September 19 | 2:00 pm | at Washington State* | Martin StadiumPullman, WA (Battle of the Palouse) | | L 16–24 | 36,770 |
| September 26 | 5:00 pm | at No. 6 LSU* | Tiger StadiumBaton Rouge, LA | | L 20–53 | 80,466 |
| October 3 | 3:05 pm | Idaho State* | Kibbie DomeMoscow, ID (rivalry) | | W 52–3 | 15,103 |
| October 10 | 11:00 am | at Arkansas State* | Indian StadiumJonesboro, AR | | W 52–14 | 12,674 |
| October 17 | 12:00 pm | at Utah State | Romney StadiumLogan, UT | | W 26–14 | 14,206 |
| October 24 | 3:05 pm | Nevada | Kibbie DomeMoscow, ID | | L 23–58 | 13,123 |
| October 31 | 4:35 pm | at North Texas | Fouts FieldDenton, TX | | W 41–23 | 7,112 |
| November 14 | 3:05 pm | New Mexico State | Kibbie DomeMoscow, ID | | W 36–32 | 14,435 |
| November 21 | 12:00 pm | at Boise State | Bronco StadiumBoise, ID (rivalry) | | W 36–35 $^{OT}$ | 30,208 |
| December 30 | 12:00 pm | vs. Southern Mississippi* | Bronco StadiumBoise, ID (Humanitarian Bowl) | ESPN2 | W 42–35 | 19,664 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Pacific time ||||||||
# Laculataria nigroapicata

Laculataria nigroapicata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Morona-Santiago Province, Ecuador.
The wingspan is about 19 mm.
# FK Varoš

FK Varoš (Macedonian: ФК Варош) is a football club based in Prilep, North Macedonia. They currently playing in the OFS Prilep Division B league.

## History

The club was founded in 1939.
In one time it competed in the Macedonian Second League.
# Hamatina hemitoma

Hamatina hemitoma is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Alexey Diakonoff in 1954. It is found in New Guinea.
# Geoffrey Doumeng

Geoffrey Doumeng (born 9 November 1980) is a French football midfielder who has played in both France and Thailand.

## Honours

Montpellier
* UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1999
# 1912–13 South Carolina Gamecocks men's basketball team

The 1912–13 South Carolina Gamecocks men's basketball team represented University of South Carolina during the 1912–13 NCAA men's basketball season. The head coach was James G. Driver coaching the Gamecocks in his second season.

## Schedule

| Date time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| January 10* | at Washington and Lee | L 7–47 | 0–1 | Lexington, VA |
| January 11* | at VMI | L 13–26 | 0–2 | Lexington, VA |
| January 31* | Newberry | W 44–10 | 1–2 | Columbia, SC |
| February 6* | Clemson | W 39–18 | 2–2 | Columbia, SC |
| February 22* | Wake Forest | L 20–27 | 2–3 | Columbia, SC |
| *Non-conference game. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. |||||
# Yugoslav Army (basketball team)

Yugoslav Army (Serbian: Југословенска армија, romanized: Jugoslovenska armija) was a men's basketball selection based in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. It was the basketball section of the Sports Association of the Central House of the Yugoslav Army. The Yugoslav Army later founded KK Partizan and most of the players moved to the new club.

## 1945 season

Team won the first Yugoslav Basketball League in 1945 against state selections of the Yugoslav states.

### Matches

Win  Loss

## Trophies

* Yugoslav League: (1)
** 1945

## Aftermath

The Yugoslav Army established Partizan on 4 October 1945. Marjanović, Kovačević, Munćan, Nikolić, Alagić, Kostić and Vlahović played for Partizan during the 1946 season.
# Garr-e Kalagh Neshin-e Amirabad

Garr-e Kalagh Neshin-e Amirabad (Persian: گركلاغ نشين اميراباد, also Romanized as Garr-e Kalāgh Neshīn-e Amīrābād; also known as Garr-e Kalāgh Neshīn) is a village in Dasht-e Rum Rural District, in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 199, in 35 families.
# Simeunović

Simeunović (Serbian Cyrillic: Симеуновић) is a Serbian surname, a patronymic derived from Simeun (English: Simon). It may refer to:
* Vojislav Simeunović (born 1942), Serbian football coach and former player
* Dragan Simeunović (born 1954), former Yugoslav football goalkeeper
* Marko Simeunović (born 1967), Slovenian-Serbian former football goalkeeper
* Milan Simeunović (born 1967), Serbian former football goalkeeper
* Nemanja Simeunović (born 1984), Serbian footballer
* Đorđe Simeunović (born 1995), Serbian basketball player
# Fixed-point index

In mathematics, the fixed-point index is a concept in topological fixed-point theory, and in particular Nielsen theory. The fixed-point index can be thought of as a multiplicity measurement for fixed points.
The index can be easily defined in the setting of complex analysis: Let f(z) be a holomorphic mapping on the complex plane, and let z$_0$ be a fixed point of f. Then the function f(z) − z is holomorphic, and has an isolated zero at z$_0$. We define the fixed-point index of f at z$_0$, denoted i(f, z$_0$), to be the multiplicity of the zero of the function f(z) − z at the point z$_0$.
In real Euclidean space, the fixed-point index is defined as follows: If x$_0$ is an isolated fixed point of f, then let g be the function defined by
    $g(x)={\frac {x-f(x)}{||x-f(x)||}}.$
Then g has an isolated singularity at x$_0$, and maps the boundary of some deleted neighborhood of x$_0$ to the unit sphere. We define i(f, x$_0$) to be the Brouwer degree of the mapping induced by g on some suitably chosen small sphere around x$_0$.

## The Lefschetz–Hopf theorem

The importance of the fixed-point index is largely due to its role in the Lefschetz–Hopf theorem, which states:
    $\sum _{x\in \mathrm {Fix} (f)}\mathrm {ind} (f,x)=\Lambda _{f},$
where Fix(f) is the set of fixed points of f, and Λ$_f$ is the Lefschetz number of f.
Since the quantity on the left-hand side of the above is clearly zero when f has no fixed points, the Lefschetz–Hopf theorem trivially implies the Lefschetz fixed-point theorem.
# 2nd CPLP Summit

The II Conference of Heads of State and Government of the CPLP (Portuguese: II Conferência de Chefes de Estado e de Governo da CPLP), commonly known as the 2nd CPLP Summit (II Cimeira da CPLP) was the 2nd biennial meeting of heads of state and heads of government of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, held in Praia, Cabo Verde, on 16-17 July 1998.

## Outcome

At the 2nd CPLP Summit, the CPLP added 5 institutions as associate observers:
* Instituto Camões, the Portuguese cultural and linguistic institute
* Fundação Bial, philanthropic foundation of the Portuguese pharmaceutical company Bial
* Fórum da Lusofonia
* FELP

### Executive Secretary

Marcolino Moco, former Prime Minister of Angola, was reelected in his position of Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.
# Booster (HUSS ride)

The Booster is an amusement park ride made originally by HUSS Maschinenfabrik starting in 1998.
Boosters are an evolution of HUSS' Breakdance ride, and are a competitor of Mondial's Shake and Fabbri's Crazy Shake rides. The basic movement is about the same as these rides, but the car is pivoted so that riders roll over sideways rather than flipped over. They are also known to turn upside down much more frequently than a traditional Shake ride. Most parks require riders to be at least 52 inches or taller.
Although Boosters are popular with riders and regarded as one of HUSS' best attractions by enthusiasts, very few of these rides have been sold. This can be attributed to it having a lower capacity compared to competing and or similar attractions, and with just as high running costs. Despite all this, the Booster is still being offered by HUSS Park Attractions.
Booster Revolution was announced in 2023, this new version has 40 seats instead of 32.

## Appearances

As of January 2018, only three of these rides are known to have been built, they are:
* Ghost Rider : A traveling model that currently attends various European funfairs with showman Löffelhardt. It was built in 1998 under the name Booster, and originally traveled with showman Rüdiger before being picked up by its current owner.
* Booster : Another traveling model that was built in 1999 under the name Ecstasy. The name was changed in 2000 and it traveled with showman Wingender in Germany until 2005, where it was then sold to a buyer in Asia.
* Kieppi : A park model that opened at the Linnanmäki park in Finland in 2003. The ride closed in 2016. It's now owned by Dirk Löffelhardt who also has the Ghost Rider. It will travel the funfairs again from summer 2019
# Frank Richardson (swimmer)

Frank Richardson Armengol (born 21 April 1962) is a Nicaraguan former swimmer. He competed in three events at the 1976 Summer Olympics. His parents were come from the USA. He is the brother of Michele Richardson who represented the United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics, winning a silver medal in the women's 800 metres freestyle. He is of American and Cuban descent.
# Special Brigades

During the Second World War, the Special Brigades (French: Brigades spéciales, or BS) were a French police force in Vichy France specializing in tracking down "internal enemies" (i.e. French Resistance workers), dissidents, escaped prisoners, Jews and those evading the obligatory labour service. It was dependent on the Direction centrale des Renseignements généraux (RG) and worked in direct collaboration with the German civil, secret and military police, the Geheime Feldpolizei. It was based in room 35 on the first floor of the Paris Prefecture of Police. The Special Brigades was known to commit torture.
The Special Brigades were formed in March 1940 and tasked with suppressing communist activities. The Special Brigades was organized by the Director of General Information at the Prefecture of Police Lucien Rottée, who appointed Commissioner Fernand David as Head of the Special Brigades.
After the Liberation of France, 150 police officers from the Special Brigades were prosecuted. Sixty-four inspectors were sentenced, including twenty-two to the death penalty: ten were executed. Rottée and David were tried, condemned for treason and executed by firing squad at Fort de Montrouge on May 5 1945.
# Ahmad Zohadi

Ahmad Zohadi (Persian: احمد زهادی) is an Iranian architecture scholar, publisher and researcher. Currently, he is the CEO and editor-in-chief of architectural magazine 2A Magazine.
He is also the founder and chief editor of ‘Architecture & Construction’, a Persian quarterly magazine, published since 2003, and distributed in Iran.

## Early life
### Education

Ahmad was born in Tehran. On completion of his primary and secondary education, he attended Karaj Islamic Azad University in the year 1992 for Civil & Structure Engineering. Simultaneously, he was editor and publisher of Tehran-based Architecture and Construction Magazine & 2A Magazine.

### Personal

Ahmad has been known to show keen interest in photography right from his childhood. He got involved in architecture and construction after associating himself with architectural journalism. He got married in the year 2013 to Negin Farrokh. Together, they have a son named Radan.

### Appreciations and recognitions

* Arab Engineering Schooling Bureau & Harvard Design School
* United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO Chair in Islamic Architectural University of Tehran
* ECO Cultural Institute Headquarters, Tehran
* The Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi, Institute For Architecture And Environmental Studies
* The Catholic University of America, School of Architecture and planning
* College of Architecture + Planning, The University of Utah
* Centre of Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard University
* North Carolina State University a land-grant university and a constituent institution of the University of North Carolina
* Al Ahmadiah - Contracting & Trading
* Nakheel, Retail Shopping Malls
* Canadian University of Dubai
* Centre for Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard University

## 2A Magazine

He is the current CEO and editor-in-chief of 2A magazine. It is an architectural magazine dedicated to different provincial architectures of the world, being distributed all through Middle East Asia.

## 2A Continental Architectural Awards

Ahmad Zohadi is the founder, organizer and director of 2A Continental Architectural Awards organized since 2015 – award organized under the banner of the 2A magazine. The first award was the 2A Asia Architecture Award 2015, held on July 15, 2015 at Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul.

## Film career and interviews

He produced a documentary in 2012 on Indo-Iranian culture, history and architecture, which he wrote, produced and directed. He has also interviewed a number of famous personalities like Foster and Partners, Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi, Sergei Tchoban, Seung H-Sang, Bahram Shirdel, Richard S. Levine and John Alexander Smith.