OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mahendra Chain

The Most Glorious Mahendra Chain (Nepali: महेन्द्र माला मानपदवी Mahendra Mala Manapadvi) is a royal decoration of Nepal.

## History

It was instituted on 26 February 1961 by the King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev.

## Grades

It is awarded in only one class, the Chain, to reigning sovereigns.

## Recipients

* Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
* King Birendra
* Queen Aishwarya
* King Gyanendra
* Queen Komal
# Novo Naselje

Novo Naselje ('New Settlement') may refer to the following places in Serbia:
* Bistrica, Novi Sad, also known as Novo Naselje
* Aleksandrovo, Subotica, also known as Novo Naselje
* Novo Naselje, Padinska Skela, Serbia
# Buchetium

Buchetium or Bouchetion (Ancient Greek: Βουχέτιον), or Buchaetium or Bouchaition (Βουχαίτιον), or Buchetum or Boucheton (Βουχετόν), or Bucheta or Boucheta (Βούχετα), was a city of the Cassopaei in ancient Thesprotia, a little above the sea.
Its site was occupied by the medieval settlement of Rogoi, near modern Nea Kerasounta.
# Ajay, Iran

Ajay (Persian: اجاي, also Romanized as Ājāy) is a village in Bastam Rural District, in the Central District of Chaypareh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83, in 20 families.
# Sar Ab, Khuzestan

Sar Ab (Persian: سراب, also Romanized as Sar Āb) is a village in Susan-e Gharbi Rural District, Susan District, Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 287, in 51 families.
# Lubartów County

Lubartów County (Polish: powiat lubartowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Lubartów, which lies 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin. The county also contains the towns of Kock, lying 23 km (14 mi) north-west of Lubartów, and Ostrów Lubelski, 18 km (11 mi) east of Lubartów.
The county covers an area of 1,290.35 square kilometres (498.2 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 88,591, out of which the population of Lubartów is 21,948, that of Kock is 3,293, that of Ostrów Lubelski is 2,078, and the rural population is 61,272.

## Neighbouring counties

Lubartów County is bordered by Łuków County and Radzyń Podlaski County to the north, Parczew County to the north-east, Łęczna County to the south-east, Lublin County to the south, and Puławy County and Ryki County to the west.

## Administrative division

The county is subdivided into 13 gminas (one urban, two urban-rural and 10 rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2019) | Seat |
| Lubartów | urban | 13.9 | 21,948 | |
| Gmina Lubartów | rural | 158.9 | 11,745 | Lubartów |
| Gmina Kamionka | rural | 111.9 | 6,481 | Kamionka |
| Gmina Kock | urban-rural | 100.6 | 6,400 | Kock |
| Gmina Niedźwiada | rural | 95.8 | 6,198 | Niedźwiada |
| Gmina Firlej | rural | 126.4 | 5,909 | Firlej |
| Gmina Michów | rural | 135.9 | 5,865 | Michów |
| Gmina Ostrów Lubelski | urban-rural | 121.7 | 5,214 | Ostrów Lubelski |
| Gmina Serniki | rural | 75.4 | 4,934 | Serniki |
| Gmina Abramów | rural | 84.5 | 4,051 | Abramów |
| Gmina Ostrówek | rural | 90.0 | 3,874 | Ostrówek |
| Gmina Uścimów | rural | 108.6 | 3,165 | Uścimów |
| Gmina Jeziorzany | rural | 66.6 | 2,807 | Jeziorzany |
* ↑ seat not part of the gmina
# National Media Centre, New Delhi

28°37′06″N 77°13′01″E﻿ / ﻿28.6183799°N 77.2169529°E﻿ / 28.6183799; 77.2169529 National Media Centre (also known as National Press Centre) is the media centre of Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. Its situated on Raisina Road in Central Delhi, close to the Rashtrapati Bhawan and Sansad Bhavan (Parliament House) and important ministries. The foundation ceremony for it was done in 2001. It was inaugurated in 2013. It houses the Press Information Bureau (PIB) and publicity offices of the ministry. It was modeled on media centres in Washington and Tokyo and other capitals.

## History

Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee laid the foundation and performed the bhoomi poojan on 5 December 2001 for the National Press Centre as it was named then. It was built by National Buildings Construction Corporation (NBCC) at a cost of ₹60 crore (US$7.2 million) over a period of three years. and was inaugurated on 24 August 2013 by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.

## Structure

The centre is built on a 1.95-acre plot. The glass facade building consists of four floors with a hall for press conferences that can seat 283 people, a briefing room with 60-person capacity, 24 workstations. It has all modern communication needs. It also has a library, lounge and cafeteria. The press conference hall and media lounge have Wi-Fi access.
# Karina Klimyk

Karina Klimyk (born 12 December 1999) is a Tajikistani swimmer. She competed in the women's 50 metre breaststroke event at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships. In 2014, she represented Tajikistan at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics held in Nanjing, China.
# Campyloneurum phyllitidis

Campyloneurum phyllitidis, commonly known as the long strap fern, is a species of fern in the family Polypodiaceae.

## Distribution

Campyloneurum phyllitidis is found in North, Central, and South America: from Florida, the Caribbean, and southeastern Mexico in the north; to tropical Peru and Brazil, and Paraguay in the south.
Other countries it is native to include the Southeastern United States, Cuba, Costa Rica, Bolivia, and Venezuela. It is also present in Florida, Puerto Rico, Hawaii and the Virgin Islands. The fern is common on Barro Colorado Island of Panama.

## Description

Campyloneurum phyllitidis is an epiphyte, growing on other plants; generally the fern is found growing in the canopies of trees.
It has a relatively large rhizome from which many fine rootlets covered in dark reddish-brown scales grow. Its leaves are simple in shape, hairless, 45–100 centimetres (18–39 in) long and 8–12 centimetres (3.1–4.7 in) wide.
The sori are round and small, occurring in on both sides of lateral veins of the leaves.
It is known to grow as an epiphyte on Platypodium elegans, Ceiba pentandra, Tabebuia guayacan, Anacardium excelsum, Socratea exorrhiza, Marila laxiflora and Perebea xanthochyma.

## Uses

Campyloneurum phyllitidis is cultivated as an ornamental plant, and is the most common species of Campyloneurum found in cultivation. The fern grows well in well-drained soil under medium levels of light. It needs to be protected from slugs and snails.
Campyloneurum phyllitidis was grown in England during the Victorian era, when ferns were particularly popular (the phenomenon known as pteridomania). The fern was described by an author of the time, Shirley Hibberd, as being "very distinct" and that it formed a "striking object when grown well".
# Paasiku

Paasiku (German: Pasik) is a village in Anija Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. It has a population of 44 (as of 1 January 2010).
# Petrovsko-Razumovskaya (Moscow Metro)

Petrovsko-Razumovskaya (Russian: Петровско-Разумовская) is a Moscow Metro station in Timiryazevsky District of the Northern Administrative Okrug of Moscow. The station opened on 7 March 1991 as a part of a major northern extension of the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line; the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line was extended to terminate there on 16 September 2016.
Petrovsko-Razumovskaya has exits to Dmitrovskoye Highway and also provides transfer to a commuter station of the same name on Leningradsky suburban railway line, which serves destinations to the north-west of Moscow. The daily passenger flow is about 80,000.
On the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line, the station is between Vladykino and Timiryazevskaya stations. On the Lyublinsko–Dmitrovskaya Line, the station is between Okruzhnaya and Fonvizinskaya stations. The extension of the Lyublinsko–Dmitrovskaya Line to the north to Seligerskaya is operational and opened on 22 March 2018. The next station of the Okruzhnaya.
The 2016 extension of the station involved building a second hall and two extra tracks. The alignment allows cross-platform interchange between the two lines.
# Cyber manufacturing

Cyber manufacturing is a concept derived from cyber-physical systems (CPS) that refers to a modern manufacturing approach aiming to provide an information-transparent environment. This approach attempts to support asset management, enabling reconfiguration, and maintaining productivity. In contrast to an alternative, experience-based management systems, cyber manufacturing intends to establish an evidence-based environment, informing equipment users about networked asset status and translating raw data into risk assessments and actionable information. Key technologies include the design of cyber-physical systems and the combination of engineering domain knowledge with computer sciences and information technologies. Among these are mobile applications for manufacturing, which are of interest to both industry and academia.

## Technology

Several technologies are involved in developing cyber-manufacturing solutions. The following is a short description of these technologies and their involvement in cyber-manufacturing.
* Cyber-physical systems are the low level systems, like sensors and controllers. These are important for the system to run.
* Big Data Analytics is the other significant technology participating in design and the development of cyber-manufacturing systems. Connected machines raise the issue of proper data handling, processing and cyber-manufacturing is not an exemption. Customized developments in cloud computing, artificial intelligence and predictive analytics are applicable in cyber-manufacturing.

## Development

In 2013, the Office of Naval Research in the US Military has issued a proposal solicitation subjected for cyber-manufacturing.
# Izhma Airport

Izhma Airport (Russian: Аэропорт Ижма) (ICAO: UUYV) was an airport in Komi, Russia located 3 km northeast of Izhma. It formerly handled small aircraft (An-2, An-24, L-410, Yak-40, etc.) but was closed to airliners in 2003 and is now only used for helicopters.

## Accidents and incidents

* 7 September 2010 (2010-09-07): Alrosa Flight 514, operated by a Tupolev Tu-154, suffered a complete in-flight electrical failure while on a scheduled domestic flight from Udachny to Moscow. A successful emergency landing was made at Izhma, but the aircraft overran the runway and was damaged. All 81 people on board escaped uninjured. The aircraft was later repaired and returned to service. The positive outcome was partly due to the diligence of airport supervisor Sergey Sotnikov in keeping the runway clear of vegetation and debris even after the airport was closed to traffic in 2003. Sotnikov was later awarded the Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" by the President of Russia.
# Frans Depooter

Frans Depooter, born in Mons, Belgium, in 1898, was a Belgian painter. He died in 1987 in Maffe (Havelange, Belgian Ardennes) at age 89.
Depooter began working at age 13 in his family's business (his father was a decorator in Mons), where he met Anto-Carte, Léon Navez, and Léon Devos. In 1928, Depooter, Anto-Carte, Navez, and Devos became co-founders of the Groupe Nervia.
In 1923, Frans Depooter married the painter Andrée Bosquet, taking painting courses at the Art Schools of Mons (E. Motte) and Brussels (Delville, Constant Montald) soon after. Recognized for his work, Depooter received several awards (among others: Gold Medal at the Exposition des Arts Décoratifs (Art Déco) in Paris in 1925, Prize of the Académie Royale de Belgique in 1969, Gold Medal of the Mérite Artistique Européen) and held the position of Director of the Molenbeek-Saint-Jean (Brussels) Art School from 1944 onwards.
A poet at heart, Frans Depooter deepened his consistently representational style in accordance with his nature. His stylized still lifes, expressionist landscapes, and portraits gave way very early to refined works of an apparent simplicity. His portraits on plain backgrounds isolate themselves in the model's dream or inner life. His flowers compose fragile and tender bouquets. His landscapes, often treated in half tints and transposed by a shaded light, testify to a discrete sensitivity (he was called the songster of the Brabant Wallon). Frans Depooter's talent displays a search for measure, refinement, and poetry.
# Berthe Dubail

Berthe Dubail (1911-1984) born in Leval-Trahégnies near Binche was a Belgian painter.

## Biography

Berthe Dubail studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Mons, and at the workshop of La Cambre in Brussels dedicated to monumental painting, she further worked in Paris, at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in the free workshops. In parallel to her artistic research, she became a professor in Mons and then in Brussels, and developed a new method of teaching that awakened and respected the spontaneity and spirit of discovery of the student. After an early expressionist and figurative period from 1945 to 1956, she turned to a more abstract style.

## Collections

* Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
* Museum of Fine Arts, Charleroi
* Mu.ZEE, in Ostend

## Honors

* Order of Leopold II, 1956,
* Order of the Crown (Belgium), 1979,
* A street is named after the artist in Leval-Trahegnies
# M47 bomb

The M47 bomb was a chemical bomb designed during World War II for use by the U.S. Army Air Forces.

## Design

The bomb was designed for aerial bombardment and maximum efficiency after being dropped. Therefore, the bomb had a very thin metal sheet as its only cover, as little as 1⁄32 inch (0.79 mm). The bomb is approximately 8 inches (200 mm) in diameter, with a nose the shape of a hemisphere. The M107 bomb fuse at the nose of the bomb detonated the weapon, allowing for the release of the contents inside. The bomb was designed to carry either white phosphorus (WP) or a mustard agent (H). However, the H bomb filler was found to leak from the bomb when loaded, and the M47 and its variant M47A1 were not allowed to be loaded. This was due to the thin steel walls on the weapon. In storage and handling, both corrosion and rough handling were found to cause the bomb to leak. When the bomb is loaded with the chemical filler H, it weighed approximately 93 pounds (42 kg), 73 pounds (33 kg) of which are from H.
The M47 bomb could also be used as an incendiary device. A mixture of rubber and gasoline could be used in the field to produce a crude incendiary bomb. A mixture of white phosphorus and jelled gasoline also produced a flammable mixture. Other mixtures included: LA-60 in which crude latex was combined with caustic soda, coconut oil, and water, crepe rubber (CR) in which crude latex reduced to a solid by precipitation and kneading, LA-100 in which crude latex was dried until it was 100% solid, smoked rubber sheets (SR) in which crude latex that has been dried over a fire until it is 100% solid.
When used with these fillers, the bomb used a 1-pound (0.45 kg) black powder charge to ignite and scatter the incendiary materials. The bomb typically weighed about 85 pounds (39 kg) when the incendiary fillers are used.

## Variants

The M47A1 was designed to replace the M47. It has a thicker steel cover that is about 1⁄16 inch (1.6 mm) thick and an acid resistant corrosion cover inside.
The M47A2 was designed to fix the leaking problems of the M47 when the agent H was carried. On the inside it was coated with a special oil that protected against corrosion from the agent H.
# Vic-sur-Seille

Vic-sur-Seille (French pronunciation:, literally Vic on Seille; German: Wich) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

## People

It was the birthplace of Georges de La Tour.

## Art museum

The art museum of Vic-sur-Seille, in French Musée départemental Georges-de-La-Tour [fr], was created in 1996. Its most famous work is Saint John the Baptist in the desert, by Georges de La Tour. Its collections include 17th century paintings by Jacques de Létin, Jacques Blanchard, Cesare Dandini, Domenichino, Meiffren Conte, Charles Le Brun, Matthieu Le Nain, Madeleine Boullogne, Jacques Stella, 18th century landscapes and paintings by Sebastiano Ricci, Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes, Jan Frans van Bloemen, Jean-Bernard Restout, Joseph-Marie Vien, and 19th century and beginning of the 20th century paintings by Camille Corot, Paul Baudry, Eugène Isabey, Paul Delaroche, Léon Bonnat.
# National Board of Review Awards 1934

6th National Board of Review Awards December 20, 1934
The 6th National Board of Review Awards were announced on December 20, 1934.

## Top Ten Films

* It Happened One Night
* The Count of Monte Cristo
* Crime Without Passion
* Eskimo
* The First World War
* The Lost Patrol
* Lot in Sodom
* No Greater Glory
* The Thin Man
* Viva Villa!

## Top Foreign Films

* Man of Aran
* The Blue Light
* Catherine the Great
* The Constant Nymph
* Madame Bovary

## Winners

* Best Film: It Happened One Night
* Best Foreign Language Film: Man of Aran
# Allahjegerd

Allahjegerd (Persian: اله جگرد, also Romanized as Allāhjegerd; also known as Alājegerd and Alījeh Gerd) is a village in Rivand Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 77, in 24 families.
# Asas al-Taqdis

Asās al-Taqdīs (Arabic: أساس التقديس, lit. 'The Foundation of Declaring Allah's Transcendence'), also known as Ta'sis al-Taqdis (Arabic: تأسيس التقديس, lit. 'The Establishment of the Sacred') is an Islamic theological book, written by the Shafi'i-Ash'ari scholar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 606/1209), as a methodical refutation of the Karramiyya and other anthropomorphists.
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi wrote this work to counter the book Kitab al-Tawhid composed by the ultra-traditionalist Ibn Khuzayma (d. 311/923). He referred to Ibn Khuzayma as 'the corporealist' (al-mujassim).
He said in the book's introduction that he dedicated it especially to the Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub.

## Content

The first part of the book opens with a categorical rejection of any corporeality regarding God, under the title of "Indications on God's Transcendence beyond Corporeality and on Him not Being Confined [by any spatial location]". That is, in fact, his definition of anthropomorphism: al-Razi maintains that the one God is not present in a direction; He is not a space-occupying entity and is not a body, an assertion for which he provides proofs based on rational and textual evidence.
Al-Razi raises numerous claims, which he then refutes. The claims he contradicts are namely those held by the corporealist Karramites and the ultra-traditionalists who affirmed God's direction (jiha) and its veridical meaning (as haqiqa: truth, reality). In his discussion al-Razi articulates the Ash'ari stance on this matter and explains the proper figurative interpretation (ta'wil), according to his opinion.

## Criticism

Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) and his student Ibn al-Qayyim (d. 751/1350) criticized and attacked the book. Ibn Taymiyya wrote a critical response to the book, entitled al-Ta'sis fi Radd Asas al-Taqdis (Arabic: التأسيس في رد أساس التقديس), better known as Bayan Talbis al-Jahmiyya (Arabic: بيان تلبيس الجهمية, lit. 'Explication of the Deceit of the Jahmiyya'), defended the position that God is in a direction and a body.
# Unashamed (band)

Unashamed was a Christian hardcore punk band that became one of the founding bands in the Spirit-Filled HardCore movement. Their bold faith-based lyrics center around ideas directly lifted from the Bible and conservative morality. They released two albums on Tooth & Nail Records. After signing with Tooth & Nail, the band toured until their "final" show at Cornerstone Festival in 1998. In 2009, the band announced that they were reforming with many of their original line-up, and would begin touring hard into 2010.

## Members

Last known lineup
* Jeff Jacquay – vocals (1993–1996, 2009–2011)
* Bobby Canaday – guitar (1993–1998, 2009–2011)
* Dom Macaluso – bass guitar (2009–2011)
* Matt Mentley – guitar (2009–2011)
* Randy Baranosky – drums (2009–2011)
Former members
* Dave Bhanson – vocals (1993)
* Dave Lauridsen – vocals (1993)
* Dan "Danno" McManigal – guitar (1993–1998)
* Chris Bertoni – drums (1993–1995)
* Shane Sowers – bass guitar (1993–1995)
* Jason Carson – drums (1995–1998)
* Matt Hernandez – bass guitar (1995–1998)
Timeline

## Discography

'Studio albums
* Silence (1994)
* Reflection (1996)
Compilation appearances
* Helpless Amongst Friends Vol. 1 (1995)
# Alsophila esmeraldensis

Alsophila esmeraldensis is a species of tree fern which is endemic to Ecuador. It grows in coastal forest and forested slopes of the Andes.

## Description

The erect, slender trunk is about 80 cm tall and approximately 3 cm in diameter. Fronds may be either simply pinnate or bipinnate basally. They are erect or spreading and up to 2.5 m long. The rachis ranges in colour from dark brown to blackish and bears a few scales. The scales are linear, bicoloured (whitish with a central brown region) and with edges and apexes with dark setae. Sori are covered by cup-like indusia. Alsophila esmeraldensis forms part of the group centered on Alsophila minor.
# Scirpodendron

Scirpodendron is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cyperaceae. Its native range is from India, through southeast Asia to the western Pacific.

## Species

As of October 2024, Plants of the World Online recognises two species, as follows:
* Scirpodendron bogneri S.S.Hooper (1997) – Peninsular Malaysia
* Scirpodendron ghaeri (Gaertn.) Merr. (1914) – India to western Pacific
# Thomas Skinner

Thomas or Tom Skinner may refer to:

## Politicians

* Thomas Skinner (died c. 1411), MP for Shrewsbury
* Thomas Skinner (Lord Mayor of London, 1596), clothworker, Alderman, and Lord Mayor of London
* Thomas Skinner (Lord Mayor of London, 1794), Lord Mayor of London
* Thomas Gregory Skinner (1842–1907), US Representative from North Carolina

## Other people

* Thomas Skinner or Skynner (c. 1629–1679), Colchester physician and historical writer
* Thomas Skinner, plaintiff in Skinner's Case, 1668-9
* Thomas Skinner (1759–1818), British Army military engineer officer
* Thomas Skinner (c. 1800–1843), British Army officer and author
* Thomas Skinner (1804–1877), British Army officer, commissioner of public works in Ceylon
* Thomas Skinner (1819–1881), English etcher, inventor, and amateur oil-painter
* Thomas Edward Barnes Skinner (1840-1902), British Postmaster General of Ceylon
* Thomas Skinner, British 1928 Olympian sailor
* Tom Skinner (1909–1991), New Zealand trade unionist
* Tom Skinner (1942–1994), American evangelist minister and motivational speaker
* Thomas Skinner, American nowadays television and film executive
* Thomas Skinner (born 1991), English businessman
# Belkotgadhi Municipality

Belkotgadhi (Nepali: बेलकोटगढी) is a municipality located in Nuwakot District of Bagmati Province of Nepal. The municipality was established on 10 March 2017 merging the former VDCs: Belkot, Kumari, Duipipal, Ratmate, Jiling and Madanpur The municipality is divided into 13 wards and the headquarter (admin centre) of the municipality declared at Jiling. The municipality spans 155.6 square kilometres (60.1 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 39,888 individuals according to a 2011 Nepal census.