OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peter II of Alexandria

Patriarch Peter II of Alexandria (Greek: Πέτρος Β΄ Αλεξανδρείας; died 27 February 381) was the 21st Patriarch of Alexandria from AD 373 to AD 381. He was a disciple of Athanasius of Alexandria who designated him as his successor before his death in 373.
The Arians opposed his appointment and shortly after his consecration, the prefect Palladius, acting on orders from Emperor Valens drove him from the city and installed Lucius, an adherent of Arianism as bishop. Pope Damasus I, hearing of this new persecution, sent a deacon with a letter of communion and consolation for Peter; the messenger was arrested, treated as a criminal, savagely beaten, and sent to the mines of Phenne.
Peter remained for some time in concealment, and then found refuge at Rome, where Damasus received him and gave him support against the Arians. While there, he participated in a council to condemn Apollinarism. Peter returned to Alexandria in the spring of 378, where Lucius yielded out of fear of the populace.
Peter was a staunch defender of Nicene theology, a position endorsed by Theodosius I, who cites Peter of Alexandria in his Edict of Thessalonica. The Emperor called Peter a man of apostolic holiness.
Peter died around 380 and was succeeded by his brother Timothy.
# Jugal Rural Municipality

Jugal (Nepali: जुगल गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality located in Sindhupalchok District of Bagmati Province of Nepal. There are seven wards, including Selang, Golche, Gumba, Pangtang, Baramchi, Hagam, and Yanglakot.
# Tuddal Church

Tuddal Church (Norwegian: Tuddal kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Hjartdal Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Tuddal. It is one of the churches in the Hjartdal parish which is part of the Øvre Telemark prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform design in 1796 using plans drawn up by the architect Halvor Høgkasin. The church seats about 130 people.

## History

The first church in Tuddal was a stave church that was likely built during the 13th century. This church burned down in 1369 and there was an investigation to see if it was arson. Records show that a man named Kjetil Karlsson was acquitted of being responsible for the fire by Bishop Magnus in Hamar. Kjetil is said to have lit a candle on the day the church burned, but witnesses could swear that he had extinguished it before he left. Despite the fact that this fire was shortly after the ravages of the Black Death, a new church was built the following year. The new building was also a stave church with an open-air corridor surrounding the nave and chancel. In 1796, the old church was torn down and replaced with a new cruciform church with a central tower that was built by Halvor Høgkasin. The tower was rebuilt in 1876, the year that is found on the wind vane. In 1957, a sacristy was built.
# John Butt (politician)

John C. Butt (born September 24, 1941) is a former politician in Newfoundland. He represented Conception Bay South in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1979 to 1989.
Butt was born in Pouch Cove. He served on the town council for Conception Bay South. He was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1979 and served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Environment and Lands and as Minister of Culture, Recreation and Youth. Butt was defeated by Pat Cowan when he ran for reelection in 1989.
# Joseph G. Rousseau

Joseph G. "Joe" Rousseau (July 15, 1935 – before 1995) was an educator and politician in Newfoundland. He represented Labrador West and then Menihek in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1972 to 1979.
The son of Joseph A. Rousseau and Genevieve Boulos, he was born in Corner Brook and was educated there, in St. John's, at St. Patrick's College in Ottawa, at Saint Francis Xavier University and at the University of Alberta. Rousseau taught at Curling, Corner Brook and Wabush, later serving as principal in Wabush. He married Rose Lynn Matthews. Rousseau also served on the executive of the Newfoundland Teachers' Association.
He was first elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1972. He served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Rehabilitation and Recreation, Minister of Manpower and Industrial Relations, Minister of Public Works and Services, Minister of Transportation and Communication and Minister of Forestry and Agriculture. He left the assembly in 1979 and returned to teaching.
# American Association for Physician Leadership

The American Association for Physician Leadership is an educational organization focused on physicians who hold leadership and management positions. Its central offices are located in Tampa, Florida. Peter B. Angood is the chief executive officer of the 11,000-member organization.

## History

The organization was founded in 1975 as the American Academy of Medical Directors in Alexandria, Virginia. The primary focus is encouraging physicians to assume more active roles in the leadership and management of organizations in the health care industry and helping physicians acquire leadership and management skills. In 1980, the name was changed to the American College of Physician Executives. In 1982, the academy moved its headquarters to Tampa. In 2014 the organization rebranded and obtained its current name with the stated goal of broadening the scope of programs, products, and services. The association states that it strives to support the physician workforce across the entire career span, from medical students to those in later career stages. This also includes physicians in clinical roles, nonclinical administrative roles and those on nontraditional physician career paths.

## Physician Leadership Journal

The Physician Leadership Journal (PLJ), until April 2022 known as the Physician Executive Journal (PEJ), is the journal of the society, with member-submitted articles being critically appraised by the editorial board.
# Michael Kennedy (Newfoundland politician)

Michael J. Kennedy (1858 – 1917) was a building contractor and politician in Newfoundland. He represented St. John's West (provincial electoral district) in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1908 to 1917 as a member of the People's Party.
He was born in St. John's and worked for his father as a plasterer. He started up a construction firm in partnership with his brother in 1892. The company found much work with the rebuilding following the Great Fire of 1892. Kennedy was elected to St. John's municipal council in 1902 and 1906. He died before the end of his last term in the Newfoundland assembly.
# Finance Federation (Denmark)

The Finance Federation (Danish: Finansforbundet) is a trade union representing workers in the financial sector in Denmark.
The union was founded at the start of 1992, when the National Association of Danish Bank Employees merged with the Association of Danish Savings Bank Employees. The new union had a membership of about 50,000 workers and, like its predecessors, it was affiliated to the Danish Trade Union Confederation (FTF), becoming its largest affiliate.
By 2018, the union had 39,011 members. Workers in large institutions are organised by the employer, while those at smaller companies are organised on a geographical basis.
The FTF became part of the Danish Trade Union Confederation in 2019, but the Finance Federation voted against joining the new organisation, and so became unaffiliated with any national body.
# Stratos Voutsakelis

Stratos Voutsakelis (Greek: Στράτος Βουτσακέλης; born 28 April 1953) is a Greek football manager.
# Royal Danish Playhouse

The Royal Danish Playhouse (Danish: Skuespilhuset) is a theatre building for the Royal Danish Theatre in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It is situated on the waterfront of the Inner Harbour in the Frederiksstaden neighbourhood. It was created as a purpose-built venue for dramatic theatre, supplementing the theatre's old venue from 1874 on Kongens Nytorv and the 2004 Copenhagen Opera House, which are used for ballet and opera.
The Royal Playhouse is designed by the Danish architectural practice Lundgaard & Tranberg and received a RIBA European Award in 2008 for its architecture as well as a Red dot design award for the design of the chairs.

## History

Since the 1880s Copenhagen city started the discussion of building a new Royal Playhouse for the latest trend in acting, where focus was on the more natural and intimate drama speaking works as opposed to the popular recital theater of the time.

## Building

The theatre is designed by the Danish architectural practice Lundgaard & Tranberg. It is built in a long, slim, deep-brown brick that was specially developed for the project. The exterior is dominated by a continuous glass-encased top story with offices and back-stage facilities for the actors. Above the glass band is the dark copper-clad cube of the stage tower.
The glazed foyer facing the water runs along the entire length of the building. It affords panoramic views of the harbour and contains a restaurant and a cafë.
With about 40 per cent of the building projecting over the water, the waterfront promenade pivots around the playhouse, diverting pedestrians onto a raised 150 metre long walkway layered with rustic oak planks placed on Venetian-style crooked columns creating a floating feel.
# Naradmuni Thulung

Naradmuni Thulung (Nepali: नारदमुनी थुलुङ) was a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepali Congress. He was an anti-Rana democratic politician. He took charge of the Bhojpur Front during the 1951 democratic revolution of Nepal. In November 1951 he became Minister of Local Self-Development in the cabinet of Matrika Prasad Koirala. He held the position until August 1952. He also served as Defence minister and acted as Prime Minister during Matrika P Koirala's premiership. Thulung became the chairman of the Royal Land Reform Commission. Under Thulung's chairmanship the commission suggested introduction of land limits, tenancy and agriculture loans. These reforms were, however, not implemented. He was born on Chaitra 27, 1965 Vikram Samvat and died on Magh 22, 2047 Vikram Samvat (8 April 1909 to 5 February 1991 AD).

## Book

Kiratko Nalibeli (किरातको नालीबेली)
# Chlorophycean mitochondrial code

The chlorophycean mitochondrial code (translation table 16) is a genetic code found in the mitochondria of Chlorophyceae.

## Code

    AAs = FFLLSSSSYY*LCC*WLLLLPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG
    Starts = -----------------------------------M----------------------------
    Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
    Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG
    Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Valine (Val, V)

## Differences from the standard code

| DNA codons | RNA codons | This code (16) | Standard code (1) |
| TAG | UAG | Leu (L) | STOP = Ter (*) |

## Systematic range and comments

Chlorophyceae and the chytridiomycete fungus Spizellomyces punctatus.
# Żubroń

Żubroń (/ˈʒuːbrɒnj/; Polish: żubroń) is a hybrid of domestic cattle and wisent. The wisent (żubr in Polish) is the European bison; hence, the żubroń is analogous to the American beefalo. The name żubroń was officially chosen from hundreds of proposals sent to the Polish weekly magazine Przekrój during a contest organised in 1969.

## History

The żubroń was first created by Leopold Walicki in 1847, although the hybrid may also have appeared at an earlier time. After World War I, various scientists considered żubroń a possible replacement for domestic cattle. Żubroń turned out to be more durable and less susceptible to disease. In addition, the animal could be bred on marginal grazing land with no farm infrastructure and with minimal husbandry in huge state agricultural farms (SAFs). From 1958, the work on żubroń herds was continued by the Polish Academy of Sciences in various laboratories, most notably in Białowieża and Młodzikowo. During the first 16 years of experiments, a total of 71 animals were born, including Filon, the first żubroń born to a żubroń mother (August 6, 1960). The animal was intended to become a hardy and cheap alternative to cattle.
The experiment was continued until the late 1980s when the results of the breeding programmes were deemed unsatisfactory. Various factors contributed to this decision, including the severe economic difficulties of the Polish socialist economy in the 1980s, a lack of interest from the notoriously ineffective SAFs, and fears that żubroń would crossbreed with the endangered wild wisent, contaminating their gene pool. The two notable centres for experiments on the species were Łękno (391 animals all together) and Popielno (121 animals), while limited experiments were also held in the reserve of Askania Nova in the USSR. This was discontinued, and the sole surviving herd consists of several animals only, kept at Bialowieski National Park. As of 2007, however, there are press releases suggesting the breeding and experiments are continuing in Karolew in Greater Poland.

## Description

Żubroń are heavy animals, with males weighing up to 1,200 kg (2,600 lb) and females up to 810 kg (1,790 lb). They are strong, resistant to disease, and tolerant of harsh weather conditions. The first-cross calves have to be born by Caesarean section, because although they may be carried successfully to full term, parturition never occurs. Males are infertile in the first generation. Females are fertile and can be crossbred with either parent species (i.e., cattle or wisent), and males from these backcrosses are fertile.
# Patrick F. Halley

Patrick Francis Halley (May 31, 1895 – July 7, 1956) was a merchant and politician in Newfoundland. He represented St. John's West in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1932 to 1934 as a United Newfoundland Party member.
The son of William Joseph Halley ( of Clonmel, County Tipperary) and Anne Haw, he was born in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador and was educated at Saint Bonaventure's College and at University College in Dublin. After completing his education, he went into the family wholesale dry goods business, Halley and Co Ltd. In 1923, he married Alice Byrne. Halley established the Arcade Stores in 1938. He took over the operation of the family business after the death of his father. He was a director of the Newfoundland Theatres and of the Fire and General Insurance Co. Halley also served as president of the local Knights of Columbus.
He died in St. John's at the age of 61.
# John Rich (director)

John Rich (July 6, 1925 – January 29, 2012) was an American film and television director. He directed, The Rifleman Colonel Humphrey Flack, I Married Joan, Gunsmoke, Bonanza, Hogan's Heroes, Something So Right, Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C., Where's Raymond?, Mister Ed, The Dick Van Dyke Show, All in the Family, The Jeffersons, Maude, Good Times, Barney Miller, Newhart, Benson, The Brady Bunch, Gilligan's Island, and an episode of the anthology series New Comedy Showcase. His feature film credits include Wives and Lovers, Boeing Boeing, The New Interns, Roustabout and Easy Come, Easy Go (the latter two starring Elvis Presley). He also participated in the live telecast of the opening-day ceremonies of Disneyland in 1955.
He won an Emmy for The Dick Van Dyke Show, two Emmys for All in the Family, and two Golden Globes and an N.A.A.C.P. Image Award for All in the Family.
In the 1980s, Rich and Henry Winkler formed a production company called Henry Winkler/John Rich Productions and together they produced MacGyver for Paramount Television.
Rich served as a navigator in United States Army Air Forces during World War II but did not go overseas. He was awarded both the American Campaign Medal and the World War II Victory Medal. He then studied at the University of Michigan earning both a B.A. and an M.A. degree in English.
Rich died on January 29, 2012.
# Phillip Forsey

Phillip Samuel Forsey (December 12, 1912 – February 9, 1965) was an educator and politician in Newfoundland. He represented Burin in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1949 to 1956.
The son of Aaron D. and Maude Forsey, he was born in Grand Bank and was educated there, at Memorial University College and at Mount Allison University. Forsey taught school for 17 years, resigning in 1949 to devote himself to politics. He had been defeated in his bid to represent St. John's West in the National Convention in 1946. Forsey then campaigned on the Burin Peninsula and in Fortune Bay in support of confederation with Canada. He served as Minister of Home Affairs in the interim administration formed by Joey Smallwood following union with Canada. Forsey was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1949. He served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Supply and later as Minister of Health. He resigned from cabinet in 1954. Forsey moved to Ottawa in 1957 and taught high school there until his death in 1965.
Forsey married Doris N. Cobb in 1935; the couple had six children.
# Milldale, Virginia

Milldale, Virginia is a community in Warren County, Virginia. Mount Zion, a historic house in the area, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
# Ron Dawe

Ronald Gilbert Dawe (born 1944) is a Canadian educator and former politician in Newfoundland. He represented St. George's in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1979 to 1989.
He was born in Topsail and was educated at Prince of Wales Collegiate and Memorial University. After completing his education, Dawe taught high school. He was also Parks and Recreation director for Stephenville and a recreation consultant for the Newfoundland Department of Rehabilitation and Recreation.
He was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1979. Dawe served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Tourism, Recreation and Culture, as Minister of the Environment and as Minister of Transportation. After he left politics in 1989, he was involved in several businesses, including an inn in Buchans. Dawe served as a senior policy advisor for the Liberal government. He resigned that position in 2002 to seek the Progressive Conservative nomination for St. George's-Stephenville East. However, PC leader Danny Williams refused to allow Dawe to run for the nomination. He subsequently became the Liberal candidate but lost to Joan Burke in the 2003 general election.
# Ted Blanchard

Theodore Alton "Ted" Blanchard (December 12, 1929 – May 22, 2014) was an educator, civil servant and politician in Newfoundland and Labrador. He represented Bay of Islands in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1985 to 1989.
He was born in Gillams. In his teens, he worked for Bowater in Corner Brook as a stevedore before returning to school to earn his teacher's certificate. He worked in a sole-charge school in Trinity East for two years. Blanchard married Joyce Randell in 1950. She contracted tuberculosis and spent two years at a sanitarium in St. John's; their first child died from the disease but his wife recovered and they eventually had five more children. After his first wife died in 2002, he married Maureen Buckle.
He was well known as a fiddle player, taking up the instrument when he was eight. He performed in live music shows on the radio during the 1950s. In 1957, he released Newfoundland Old Time Fiddle Music, the first commercial recording of Newfoundland fiddle music, performing with fiddler Don Randell. He performed in the house band for the CBC television show All Around the Circle. In 2008, Blanchard and Randell received the St. John's Folk Arts Council lifetime achievement award.
He took part in the Royal St. John's Regatta, competing until the age of 78 and also participating as a committee member and coach.
Blanchard worked for the Canadian Unemployment Insurance Commission briefly before joining the provincial public service in 1950. He was CEO of the Newfoundland Labour Relations Board from 1959 to 1968 and was employed with the provincial treasury board during the 1970s. Blanchard held every executive position in the Newfoundland Department of Labour up to and including assistant deputy minister.
He was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1985 and served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Labour. He did not run for reelection in 1989.
In 2012, Blanchard received a Seniors of Distinction Award from the provincial government.
He died in St. John's in 2014 at the age of 84.
# Tournan-en-Brie

Tournan-en-Brie (French pronunciation: , literally Tournan in Brie), or simply Tournan, is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the Paris metropolitan area.

## History

In the fourteenth century a castle was mentioned belonging to the House of Garlande, whose lords were Guy de Garlande (who still lived in 1186), Anseau Ier de Garlande (of which there is no title), Anseau II de Garlande (who lived in 1192), Robert of Garlande and Anseau III of Garlande (from 1246 to 1255). The lordship of Tournan (French: seigneur de Tournan) was purchased from Jean II de Garlande by Pierre de Chambly, chamberlain of King Philip IV, in May 1293 and yielded by him to Charles, count of Valois, in October of the same year.

## Transportation

Tournan station is the terminus station of the RER E (previously 'EOLE') regional railway line starting from the Gare Saint Lazare in Paris. It is also on a regional (Transilien) line to Coulommiers.

## Demographics

Inhabitants of Tournan-en-Brie are called Tournanais in French.
# Dowlatyar

Dowlatyar (Persian: دولتيار, also Romanized as Dowlatyār) is a village in Razavar Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 255, in 65 families.
# Gargaz

Gargaz (Persian: گرگاز, also Romanized as Gargāz; also known as Korgās and Korgāz) is a village in Saghder Rural District, Jebalbarez District, Jiroft County, Kerman province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 178, in 41 families.
# Platycheirus europaeus

Platycheirus europaeus is a Palearctic species of hoverfly. It is found in many parts of Europe and eastern Asiatic Russia The habitat is brook floodplains and wet flushes in montane grassland and beside streams or flushes in forest in the Carpinus and Quercus zone up into the Fagus and Picea/ Pinus zone. Flies among grasses from May to August. Flowers visited include Graminae and Cyperaceae, Ranunculus, Taraxacum.
# Dielectric Shader

The Dielectric Physical Phenomenon Shader is a shader used by the LightWave and Mental Ray 3D rendering engines. It is based on a dielectric model of physics, which describes how electromagnetic fields behave inside materials. The dielectric shader is able to realistically render the behavior of light rays passing through materials with differing refractive indices, as well as attenuation of the ray as it passes through a material.
The shader uses Fresnel equations to simulate reflectance and transmittance of light passing through the dielectric interface, as well as using Snell's law to determine the angle of refraction. In addition Beer's law is used to determine absorption of rays passing through dielectric materials.
Two types of dielectric interfaces are supported:
* dielectric-air between a dielectric material and air.
* dielectric-dielectric between two dielectric materials.

## Gallery

* Frosted glass using Dielectric and Spekle bump mapping.
* Solid glass letters with an IOR of 1.333.
* Two solid dielectric objects overlapping to show the refracting effect.