OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Iza Hussin

Iza Hussin is an academic at the University of Cambridge, who writes on Islamic law in colonial and post-colonial states. Hussin is an Associate Professor in Asian Politics at the Department of Politics and International Studies (POLIS) and Mohamed Noah Fellow at Pembroke College, Cambridge. She is a series editor for the Cambridge University Press Series Asian Connections, and on the editorial boards of the Social Science Research Council’s The Immanent Frame, and Indonesia and the Malay World.

## Life

Hussin gained an AM and AB from Harvard University before studying for her MA at Georgetown University and gaining a PhD at the University of Washington. She was a member of the political science faculty at the University of Chicago before moving to Cambridge.
For Hussin, Islamic law has been continuously re-invented as a 'problem-space' for the modern state. Her 2016 book The Politics of Islamic Law examinined the way in which the colonial encounter in British Malaya, India and Egypt simultaneously marginalized and centralized Islamic law. The final two chapters used two Malay apostasy cases – that of Lina Joy and Nyonya Tahir – to pursue changing relations between sharia, society and the post-colonial nation-state. One reviewer praised it as "a work of unique critical sensibilities, setting the scene for future interdisciplinary research of colonial and postcolonial Islamic law".
In 2015, she spoke at the Cambridge Union on colonialism and fundamentalism.
Hussin has participated in campaigns defending academic freedom. In 2018 she was one of 300 academics who signed an open letter to Singapore's Select Committee on Deliberate Online Falsehoods, objecting to the committee's efforts to discredit historian P J Thum. In 2019 she defended the poet Alfian Sa’at after he was attacked by Singapore's Education Minister Ong Ye Kung. In 2021 she signed a joint letter in solidarity with students at Boğaziçi University protesting against the Turkish government. In August 2020 she joined the Cambridge University Libraries Decolonisation Working Group (DWG).

## Works

* The Politics of Islamic Law: Local Elites, Colonial Authority and the Making of the Muslim State. University of Chicago Press, 2016.
# Jugikhali Union

Jugikhali (Bengali: যুগিখালী) is a union parishad under Kalaroa Upazila, Satkhira District, in the Division of Khulna, southwest part of Bangladesh.
# As Eyla (district)

As Eyla is an Administrative sub-prefecture in Djibouti.
# Steele Stebbins

Steele Stebbins is an American actor. He is best known for his performance as Kevin Griswold, in the 2015 comedy film Vacation and as Wyatt, in the 2014 comedy film A Haunted House 2. In addition, he has appeared in two short films, Wish You Were (Here) in 2010 and Metered in 2011.
He also played a recurring character on Crazy Ex-Girlfriend as the youngest son of Paula Proctor, Tommy Proctor. He also appeared in Shane Dawson’s 2012 music video, The Vacation Song.
As of 2024, Stebbins also worked as an Emergency Medical Technician.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Film | Role | Producer |
| 2010 | Wish You Were (Here) | Ryan | Dir: Alexander Thomas Scott |
| 2011 | Metered | Jeremy | Dir: Jeff Bourg |
| 2014 | A Haunted House 2 | Wyatt | IM Global Octane Dir: Michael Tiddes |
| 2015 | Vacation | Kevin | Warner Bros. Dir: Jonathan Goldstein Dir: John Francis Daley |
| 2016 | Within | Jake | New Line Cinema Dir: Phil Claydon |
| 2017 | Brotherly Love | Kyle | Dir: Barry Battles |
| 2021 | Donny's Bar Mitzvah | Donny | Dir: Jonny Comebacks |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Producer | Notes |
| 2015–19 | Crazy Ex-Girlfriend | Tommy Proctor | The CW | |
| 2016 | Winning Ugly - Pilot | Harry | Fox | |
| 2016 | Heartbeat | Carson | NBCUniversal | |
| 2016–17 | Gamer's Guide to Pretty Much Everything | Spencer | Disney | |
| 2017 | Right Hand Guy | Jeff | Disney | |
| 2018 | LA to Vegas | Tanner | Fox | Episode: "Jack Silver" |

### Commercial

| Title | Role | Producer |
| Chamberlain | Boy | Humble |
| McDonald's | Boy | Hello! |
| Duracell | Boy | Tool of North America |
| Bright House Networks | JJ | BHN Prods |
| PetSmart | Boy | Cameo Content |
| Matchbox Toys | Boy | Mattel |
| AT & T | Boy | Elyse Hollander |
| Fema Ventura County | Boy | Jonah Ansell |
| 2017 Nissan Midnight Edition | Skateboarder | |

## Philanthropy

In 2016, Stebbins established a non-profit organization, Steele Stebbins Philanthropies, that is dedicated to engaging youth in philanthropy.

## Awards

Won the Young Artist Awards 2016 leading actor award in a feature film (aged 11–13) for his role of Kevin Griswold in the feature film Vacation.
# List of hiking trails in Maryland

This is a list of hiking trails in the U.S. state of Maryland.

## A

* Allegheny Highlands Trail of Maryland
* American Discovery Trail
* Anacostia Tributary Trail System
* Appalachian Trail

## B

* Baltimore & Annapolis Trail
* Billy Goat Trail
* Borden Tunnel

## C

* Capital Crescent Trail
* Catoctin Trail
* Cross Island Trail

## D

* Dalecarlia Tunnel

## E

* East Coast Greenway
* Eastern Continental Trail

## G

* Great Allegheny Passage
* Great Eastern Trail
* Grist Mill Trail
* Gwynns Falls Trail

## H

* Herring Run Trail

## I

* Indian Head Rail Trail

## J

* Jones Falls Trail

## M

* Ma and Pa Trail
* Mason-Dixon Trail
* Metropolitan Branch Trail
* Muddy Branch Greenway Trail

## N

* North Bethesda Trail
* Northwest Branch Trail

## P

* Patuxent Branch Trail
* Potomac Heritage Trail

## R

* Rachel Carson Greenway
* Rhode Island Avenue Trolley Trail

## S

* Savage Mill Trail
* Seneca Creek Greenway Trail
* Short Line Railroad Trail
* Sligo Creek Trail
* Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail

## T

* Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail
* Trolley Line Number 9 Trail
* Tuscarora Trail

## W

* Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Trail
* Western Maryland Rail Trail
# Karl Kreil

Karl Kreil (1798–1862) was an Austrian meteorologist and astronomer, born in Ried.
Before university, he was educated at the Benedictine Kremsmünster Abbey, under the astronomer Boniface Schwarzenbrunner. He was educated at the University of Vienna, where he studied law before devoting himself to astronomy. In 1827 he became an assistant at the Vienna Observatory, from which he went to Milan in 1831 and thence in 1838 to Prague, where he was from 1845 to 1851 director of the observatory, then returned to Vienna to take charge of the Central Meteorological and Magnetic Bureau.
He made particularly important studies of terrestrial magnetism, discovering (1841) that it is practically unaffected by the moon and writing Anleitung zu den magnetischen Beobachtungen (second edition, 1858). Many automatically registering meteorological machines were devised by him. From 1849 until his death, he edited the Jahrbuch of the Central Bureau at Vienna. He wrote many works, including:
* Cenni storici e teoretici sulle comete (1832)
* Ueber die Natur und Bewegung der Kometen (1843)
* Klimatologie von Böhmen (1865)
# Pugled pri Starem Logu

Pugled pri Starem Logu (pronounced; also formerly Pogled or Puglarje, German: Hohenberg, Gottscheerish: Hoachnparg) is an abandoned settlement in the hills north of the town of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The dialect-based Slovene name Pugled and the standard form Pogled are common toponyms in Slovenia (e.g., Pugled, Pugled pri Mokronogu, Pogled). The name is derived from the Slovene word pogled 'bare hill with an open view' and referred to a landscape feature. The name of the settlement was changed from Pugled to Pugled pri Starem Logu in 1953. The semantically related German name Hohenberg and Gottscheerish name Hoachnparg both mean 'high mountain'.

## History

Pugled pri Starem Logu was founded in a clearing in the 14th century by Gottschee Germans. In the land registry of 1574, the village consisted of two full farms divided into four half-farms, corresponding to a population between 13 and 17. The village had 12 houses in 1770. Before the Second World War the village had 16 houses and 72 residents. A windmill stood in the village. Its original population was evicted in November 1941. Italian forces burned the village during the Rog Offensive in late August 1942. During the war, the Partisans set up various facilities in the area: several bases (Baza Pugled, Baza I, Baza 14) stood outside the village and the underground Urška printshop operated near the village. The political leadership of the Liberation Front located itself nearby on 12 June 1942. In March 1943 the Partisans built a hospital southeast of Pugled, which was destroyed by German forces in October 1943. A meeting of Liberation Front activists was held in Pugled from 28 to 30 April 1943, where they confirmed the principles of the Dolomite Declaration. Today the village is abandoned and little remains of the houses and farm buildings. The foundations are mostly overgrown by trees and shrubs. The site of the former village is registered as cultural heritage. The village well is preserved, near which the poet Miran Jarc was killed on 24 August 1942. A small cross has been erected at the place where he was killed.

## Church

A church dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul stood to the west above the village. The church was built in the 17th century and the nave had a coffered wooden ceiling. The main altar was reworked in the 19th century, and there was a 17th-century altar with a wooden painting. The church was burned in August 1942.

## Other cultural heritage

* A monument was unveiled in 1951 to commemorate the 1943 meeting and confirmation of the Dolomite Declaration in Pugled. It stands along a footpath in a clearing in the forest south of Pugled Hill and consists of several stone blocks with a supporting column and an inscribed plaque.
* A memorial column was erected in 1959 to commemorate the wartime Partisan hospital at Pugled.
* A plaque was set up in 1982 along the road through the former village to commemorate the founding of the Partisan Tone Tomšič Brigade on 16 July 1942.
# Baghat-e Dastgerdan

Baghat-e Dastgerdan (Persian: باغات دستگردان, also Romanized as Bāghāt-e Dastgerdān; also known as Dastgerdān) is a village in Rivand Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 17 families.
# Vaqasluy-e Sofla

Vaqasluy-e Sofla (Persian: وقاصلوي سفلي, also Romanized as Vaqāşlūy-e Soflá; also known as Kachal‘alī-ye Soflá and Vaqāşlū-ye Soflá) is a village in Nazlu-e Shomali Rural District, Nazlu District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 516, in 116 families.
# Sabz Gaz-e Sofla

Sabz Gaz-e Sofla (Persian: سبزگزسفلي, also Romanized as Sabz Gaz-e Soflá; also known as Sabz Gaz-e Pā’īn) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, in the Central District of Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 161, in 27 families.
# People Matters

People Matters is an HR media platform founded in 2009. People Matters aims to foster ideas between HR-related professionals. People Matters prints a homonym magazine, online publishing, conducts research and creates events focused on human resources. Abhijit Bhaduri, Anil Khandelwal and Aatish Jaisinghani among others have collaborated and written popular opinion editorials for People Matters.
In 2012 the HR Fund backed People Matters with ₹4 crore in the first round, with the aim to help build a digital platform. The magazine started in 2010 and can be found in news stands in Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai and Bengaluru. It has been named the best HR Magazine in Asia in 2012. Besides this monthly printed magazine People Matters has participated in numerous publications globally.

## Awards

* Best HR Magazine 2011 at the Asia – Pacific HRM Congress.
# ʽAdaylou (district)

`Adaylou is an Administrative sub-prefecture in Djibouti.
# Gore Bahadur Khapangi

Gore Bahadur Khapangi (Nepali: गोरेबहादुर खपांगी) (1940–2016) was former minister and founding leader of Prajatantrik Janamukti Party of Nepal.
He belonged to Magars community. He was born in Mahottari District of Nepal. He completed his master's degree in English from Kathmandu, Nepal. His health was in serious condition after he was hit by a motorbike in Kathmandu.
Khapangi had served as the Minister for Women, Children and Social Welfare in the government led by the then Prime Minister Lokendra Bahadur Chand. He died on 27 August 2016 while undergoing treatment at the Neuro Hospital in Bansbari of Kathmandu. He was 70 years old.
# Koleh Jub-e Sofla, Lorestan

Koleh Jub-e Sofla (Persian: كله جوب سفلي, also Romanized as Koleh Jūb-e Soflá; also known as Kalleh Jūb, Kalajūb, Kolajū, Koleh Jū, Koleh Jūb, and Kulāhju) is a village in Qaedrahmat Rural District, Zagheh District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 328, in 65 families.
# Felix Karrer

Felix Karrer (March 1825 – 19 April 1903) was an Austrian geologist.
He was born in Venice, educated in Vienna, and served for a time in the war department, but he retired from the public service at the age of thirty-two, and devoted himself to science. He made especial studies of the Tertiary formations and fossils of the Vienna Basin, and investigated the geological relations of the thermal and other springs in that region. He became an authority on the foraminifera, on which subject he published numerous papers. He wrote also a little book entitled Der Boden der Hauptstädte Europas (1881). He died in Vienna.
# Bala Marznak

Bala Marznak (Persian: بالامرزناك, also Romanized as Bālā Marznāk) is a village in Gatab-e Jonubi Rural District, Gatab District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 886, in 220 families.
# Mladica

Mladica (Slovene pronunciation:, German: Mladiza) is a former settlement in the Municipality of Semič in southeastern Slovenia. It is now part of the town of Semič. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Geography

Mladica is a clustered settlement on a low outcropping with sinkholes southeast of Semič. There are tilled fields surrounding the former village, some of them on broad agricultural terraces. The soil is sandy and relatively fertile. There is a spring along the road through the village.

## History

According to the Semič land registry, Mladica consisted of two farms in 1536, 1550, and 1610.
During the Second World War, on September 27, 1942, Italian forces brought nine hostages to Mladica and shot them at the crossroads northeast of the village. A memorial was installed at the site in 1952. After the Italian capitulation in 1943, the Partisans operated a shoe workshop in Mladica and also stored leather in the village.
Mladica was annexed by the town of Semič in 2001, ending its existence as a separate village.
# Stupinsky District

Stupinsky District (Russian: Сту́пинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,707.73 square kilometers (659.36 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Stupino. Population: 119,282 (2010 Census); 116,007 (2002 Census); 49,439 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Stupino accounts for 56.0% of the district's total population.
As of 2016, the district had the fourth lowest crime rate in Moscow Oblast, behind Baikonur, Vlasikha, and Dubna.
# Francheville Aerodrome

Francheville Aerodrome was a temporary World War I airfield in France, used both by French units, and squadrons of the Air Service, United States Army. It was located 3.0 miles (4.8 km) north of Coulommiers, in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Overview

The airfield was built in June 1918 in some haste as the German armies where were pushing through Allied forces towards Paris, on the River Marne. One French escadrille (SPA 124) was stationed as early as June 4, giving way to the I Corps Observation Group, with headquarter and three squadrons, providing aerial reconnaissance and artillery observation over the lines northwest of Château-Thierry:
* 1st Aero Squadron 6–22 July 1918
* 12th Aero Squadron 6–22 July 1918
* 88th Aero Squadron 7 July–4 August 1918
It was a very active sector with many enemy aircraft. The aircraft flew reconnaissance from 3am to 8pm and nearly every sortie meant combat with the enemy. At the end of July, as the German forces began their retreat, the group again moved to the Vesle Sector to perform reconnaissance prior to the St. Mihiel Offensive: the 1st and 12th squadrons left on 22 July, followed by HQ on 30 July, while 88th had transferred to III Corps Observation Group on 25 July, staying at Francheville until 4 August. French BR 237 stayed 30 July - 11 August, working for the French 6th Army then, as the battle front was fast moving away from the area, the airfield was abandoned and soon returned to agricultural use.
Today it is a series of cultivated fields located to the northwest of Coulommiers, at the crossroad of D 44 and a small road near the farm called "Les Fermiers", as shown on the photograph, with no indication of this short aviation activity.
# Europa Clipper Magnetometer

The Europa Clipper Magnetometer (ECM) is a spacecraft magnetometer aboard the planned Europa Clipper mission. It will be used to precisely measure Europa's magnetic field during consecutive fly-bys, allowing scientists to potentially confirm the existence of Europa's hypothesised subsurface ocean. If this ocean exists, the instrument will be able to determine its depth and salinity, as well as the thickness of the moon's icy shell.
The magnetometer team is led by Margaret Kivelson, with Xianzhe Jia serving as deputy team leader.

## Overview

The ECM is a highly sensitive and precise magnetometer used to measure small changes in the characteristics of Europa's magnetic field, studying how they vary according to time and location. The instrument will be stowed in a canister at launch, and will have a total of three flux-gate sensors attached to it. It will deploy to its full length of 8.5 meters (25 feet) in the days after launch.
The spacecraft contains over 300 individual sources of magnetic interference, such as magnets in the propulsion valves, and current loops in the solar arrays. As a result, the instrument will be mounted on an 8.5 meter boom to reduce the effect of this contamination, but will still need to be carefully calibrated in order to account for the effects of these artificial sources.
Originally, a more complex multi-frequency magnetometer (ICEMAG) was planned for inclusion aboard Europa Clipper. This instrument was ultimately scrapped, and later replaced with ECM due to cost overruns.

## Objectives

The primary objectives of the ECM instrument are:
* Confirm the existence of a subsurface ocean under Europa's icy surface
* If an ocean does exist, accurately measure its depth and salinity
* Characterize the ice shell by determining its thickness
# Woman at the Café

Woman at the Café (Italian: Donna al caffè) is a 1931 painting by the Italian artist Antonio Donghi. It depicts a lone woman at a café table.
It is painted with oil on canvas and has the dimensions 80 × 60 centimeters. It belongs to the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia. It is on view at the Ca' Pesaro's Modern Art Museum in Venice.

## Reception

Cipriano Efisio Oppo called the painting "clean as a copper pot in a kitchen". Alberto Francini of L'Italia Letteraria wrote about the scene: "And do not let the lone, bare table in a seaside Trattoria in Ostia deceive you. There is no tragedy. There will soon be a steaming bowl of fragrant fish soup [on it]. The Woman at the Café will have her ice cream, and the Young Girl will find a husband."
# Herluf Nygaard

Herluf Nygaard (1 October 1916 – 3 December 2001) was a Norwegian military officer. He was born in Lurøy Municipality. He graduated from the Norwegian Military Academy in 1946. He was promoted to Colonel in 1965, and Major General in 1968. He served as General Inspector for the Home Guard from 1967. He was decorated Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1971.
Nygaard was an active resistance fighter during the Second World War. His war decorations include the Norwegian St. Olav's Medal With Two Oak Branches and the British King's Commendation for Brave Conduct.
# Paulusheim

St. Paulusheim is an independent Gymnasium in Bruchsal, Germany with sponsorship of the school foundation of the archdiocese of Freiburg.
It was founded by the Pallottines, originally as a boys' boarding school. Paulusheim is rooted in a boarding school of the small Italian community of Masio near Alessandria. In 1915, Pallottines had to leave Masio because of the war. So they came to Bruchsal, the former homeland of the headteacher. After temporary accommodation in an inn, they moved into a new purpose-built building on the cloister hill in Bruchsal. During World War II, the nazis shut down the school for some time. However, it was the first school of Northern Baden to continue teaching. As there were not enough boarding school pupils, the boarding school was closed in the 80s, but the day school has been continued and expanded. Today approx. 750 Catholic and Protestant pupils attend this school. It offers a new and old language stream covering Latin, English, French and Ancient Greek. Spanish and Chinese are offered in extracurricular classes.
# Pecica

Pecica (Romanian pronunciation:; Hungarian: Pécska; German: Petschka; Serbian: Печка/Pečka) is a town in Arad County, western Romania. In ancient times it was a Dacian fortress called Ziridava and today it is an important archeological site. Situated at 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Arad, it was declared a town in 2004. Its administrative territory extends into the Arad Plateau. The town administers three villages: Bodrogu Vechi (Óbodrog), Sederhat (Szederhát) and Turnu (Tornya).

## Population

At the 2021 census, Pecica had a population of 11,950. At the 2011 census, the town had 11,885 inhabitants; of those, 62.2% were Romanians, 28% Hungarians, 8.4% Roma, 0.36% Serbs, 0.33% Slovaks, and 0.7% of other or undeclared nationalities.

## History

Due to the abundance of archaeological finds of the zone an important historic period known as the Periam-Pecica culture was named after the settlement. The history of the localities Pecica, Bodrogu Vechi, Sederhat and Turnu is closely connected with the events making highly memorable the entire zone of the Arad Plateau.
The first mention in documents of the locality dates back to 1335 when it was known as Petk. Sederhat was registered only in 1913, Turnu in 1333 under the name of Mok, while Bodrogu Vechi in 1422 under the name of Bodruch. It has a complex political history with periods of Ottoman rule, periods of Habsburg monarchy, Kingdom of Hungary and Kingdom of Romania. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, it became part of the Kingdom of Hungary within Austria-Hungary up until the Treaty of Trianon. Since then the town has been part of Romania.

## Economy

Although the economy of the town is prevalent agricultural, the secondary and tertiary economic sectors have also developed recently. Besides agriculture, the industry of petrol and rock-gas is also well represented. The initiation of the frontier crossing point at Turnu and the trimming of the thermal water springs should be the most important chances for the economic development of the town.

## Tourism

Tourist attractions include the Roman Catholic Church, the Pecica Cultural Center, and the "Lunca Mureșului" park.

## Notable residents

* Kuno von Klebelsberg (1875–1932), Hungarian politician, minister of interior and minister of culture
* Roman Ciorogariu (1852–1936), Romanian Orthodox bishop, journalist and educator
* Marius Cihărean (born 1975), Romanian weightlifter
* Mircea Petescu (1943–2018), Romanian footballer and coach

## Sister cities

* Woluwe-Saint-Pierre, Belgium
* Battonya, Hungary