OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vladimir Dmitrevsky

Vladimir Alexandrovich Demert (Russian: Владимир Александрович Демерт, born 31 July 1820, died 3 February 1871) was a Russian stage actor, one of the leading figures at the Moscow's Maly Theatre, better known under his stage name Dmitrevsky (Дмитревский).
Having debuted there in 1847 (after stints with the Kazan and Kaluga troupes), he proved to be a versatile master, who excelled in all genres, giving most convincing portraits of characters belonging to different classes and cultures, in plays by Nikolai Gogol, Denis Fonvizin, William Shakespeare, Moliere, but mostly Alexander Ostrovsky. In all, he played 19 parts in Ostrovsky's plays, of which the best-received were Kuligin (The Storm, the first performer, on 16 November 1859), Ilya (Live Not as You Would Like To), Chebakov (The Marriage of Balzaminov), Vyshnevsky (A Profitable Position), Golutvin (Enough Stupidity in Every Wise Man) and Khlynov (An Ardent Heart).
Dmitrevsky stayed with Maly up until his death in 1871; he also taught at the Mikhail Shchepkin Higher Theatre School in 1856—1862.
The writer and poet Nikolai Demert (1835—1876) was his brother.
# Beaupuy, Gers

Beaupuy (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Bèthpoi) is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.
# Hypena molpusalis

Hypena molpusalis, is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Sri Lanka.
# Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi

Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi (French: La Grèce sur les ruines de Missolonghi) is an 1826 oil painting by French painter Eugène Delacroix, and now preserved at the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux. This painting was inspired by the Third Siege of Missolonghi by the Ottoman forces in 1826, during which many people of the city after the long-time siege (almost a year) decided to attempt a mass breakout (sortie) to escape famine and epidemics. The attempt resulted in a disaster, with the larger part of the Greeks slain.

## Analysis

Greece is depicted as a kneeling woman who occupies the major part of the painting. She is wearing a traditional Greek costume, her chest being widely bare, and she spreads her arms as a sign of sadness. The hand of a dead victim can be seen protruding from the rubble, beneath her feet. In the background, a dark-complexioned man wearing a yellow turban, who symbolizes the enemy, is planting a flag in the ground.
The painting borrows elements from Christianity. Indeed, "Greece adopts the attitude of praying in the early centuries of Christianity. The blue coat and white robe, traditionally attributed to the Immaculate Conception, reinforces this analogy to a secular figure of Mary here. The strength of the image is the sharp contrast between the traditional allegory which induces an idealization of the model, and processing of the scene without any concession to the ideal."
# Hypena jocosalis

Hypena jocosalis, is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Sri Lanka.
# Qarab-e Olya

Qarab-e Olya (Persian: قاراب عليا, also Romanized as Qārāb-e ‘Olyā; also known as Fārāb-e ‘Olyā, Qārāb, Qārāb Bālā, Qārāb-e Bālā, and Verkhnyaya Kerov) is a village in Kaghazkonan-e Shomali Rural District, Kaghazkonan District, Meyaneh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 125, in 33 families.
# Viaggio in Dalmazia

Viaggio in Dalmazia ("Journey to Dalmatia"), also known by its full title Viaggio in Dalmazia dell'abate Alberto Fortis ("Journey to Dalmatia by Abbot Alberto Fortis"), is a 1774 book by the Venetian writer Alberto Fortis, published in the city of Venice. On it, Fortis recounted his journey to Dalmatia, a region now in Croatia. He described the region, its mineral resources and its inhabitants and their way of life, paying great attention to the native Morlachs.
Fortis' book reached great popularity in Western Europe and increased the interest on Croatia and other South Slavic countries among ethnologists and anthropologists. Furthermore, Viaggio in Dalmazia would start a new movement in Italian, Ragusan and Venetian literature known as Morlachism, which consisted on the portrayal of the Morlachs and their customs, traditions and lifestyle by Italian and other Western European writers. This movement started in 1774 and lasted until the 1830s or 1840s.
In 1776, the Croatian writer Ivan Lovrić, a native of Dalmatia, published Osservazioni di Giovanni Lovrich sopra diversi pezzi del viaggio in Dalmazia del signor abbot Alberto Fortis coll'aggiunta della vita di Soçivizça ("Observations of Giovanni Lovrich [Ivan Lovrić] on several pieces of the journey to Dalmatia of Mr. Abbot Alberto Fortis with the addition of the life of Soçivizça"), in Venice as well, as a response to Fortis' book. Lovrić criticized Fortis' writings and tried to rectify some of his accounts about the people of Dalmatia on it. Furthermore, instead of including folk poems as Fortis had done, Lovrić included in his book the biography of the Serbian hajduk (brigand) Stanislav Sočivica (Soçivizça in Lovrić's Italian). Lovrić's book also met criticism from other authors, some of whom may have been Fortis under a pseudonym.
# Job A. Edson

Job A. Edson (February 14, 1854 – July 30, 1928) was twice the president of Kansas City Southern Railway.
# Závod, Hungary

Závod (German: Seiwicht) is a village in Tolna County, Hungary.
Until the end of World War II, the inhabitants were Roman Catholic Danube Swabians, also called locally as Stifulder, because the majority of their ancestors arrived during the 17th and 18th centuries from Fulda (district). Most of the former German settlers were expelled to allied-occupied Germany and allied-occupied Austria in 1945–1948, following the Potsdam Agreement. Only a few Germans of Hungary live there, the majority today are the descendants of Hungarians from the Czechoslovak–Hungarian population exchange. They occupied the houses of the former Danube Swabian inhabitants. The Stifolder or Stiffoller are a Roman Catholic Subgroup of the Danube Swabians. Their ancestors once came ca. 1717 - 1804 from the Hochstift Fulda and surroundings, (Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda), and settled in the Baranya and in Tolna. They retained their own German Stiffolerisch Schvovish dialect and culture, until the end of WW2. Also a salami is named after these people.
# František Gaulieder

František Gaulieder (18 January 1951 – 25 March 2017) was a Slovak politician. Elected to the National Council in 1994, he was expelled from the legislature in a December 1996 vote. A July 1997 ruling by the Constitutional Court of Slovakia held that Gaulieder's constitutional rights had been violated. As a result of the scandal, Slovakia was barred from joining the European Union for a time.
Gaulieder was hit by a train in March 2017, and died at the age of 66.
# Sanjak of Salonica

The Sanjak of Salonica, Selanik (Ottoman Turkish: سنجاق⁩ سلانیك, Sancağı-i Selânik), or Thessalonica (Greek: Σαντζάκι Θεσσαλονίκης, Santzáki Thessaloníkis) was a sanjak of the Ottoman Empire. It was named for its capital Salonica, also known by its Turkish name Selanik and its latinized Greek name Thessalonica. It was also known under the Ottomans as the Liva of Salonica &c. (لواء سلانیك, Livâ-i Selânik; Λιβάς Θεσσαλονίκης, Libás Thessaloníkis). The sanjak existed from its formation in 1430 as part of the Rumeli Eyalet until its conquest in the First Balkan War in 1912 and its reorganization in 1915 as the Thessalonica Prefecture of the Kingdom of Greece. It served as the pasha sanjak of the Eyalet of Salonica from 1846–1867 and of the Vilayet of Salonica from 1867–1912.

## History

A year into the Ottoman siege of Thessalonica, its governor Andronikos Palaiologos ceded control of the city to the Republic of Venice in September 1423 in exchange for their commitment to keep the city out of Turkish hands. After the Ottomans finally occupied the city in 1430, its hinterland was organized as the Salonica Sanjak of the Rumeli Eyalet, encompassing the Chalcidice Peninsula and Macedonia between the Vardar and Aliakmon Rivers.
As part of the Tanzimat reforms, Salonica was elevated to the capital of the new province of Salonica Eyalet in 1846. This was reorganized in 1867 as the Salonica Vilayet. Its immediate sanjak then became the provincial pasha-sanjak.
At the outbreak of the First Balkan War in 1912, Salonica Sanjak comprised the following kazas: Selanik (Thessalonica), Kesendire (Kassandra Peninsula), Karaferye (Veroia), Yenice Vardar (Giannitsa), Vodina (Edessa), Langaza (Langadas), Gevgelü (Gevgelija), Avret Hişar (Neo Gynaikokastro), Toyran (Star Dojran), Ustrumca (Strumica), Tikoş/Kavadar (Kavadarci), Katerin (Katerini), Aynaroz (Mount Athos) and Karâğâbad.
Most of the sanjak was captured by the army of the Kingdom of Greece in October 1912 with Thessalonica falling on the 26th, but its northern portions fell to Serbia and are now part of North Macedonia. King Constantine I had demanded control of the Greek-occupied districts of Macedonia but the prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos created a governorate and named his minister of Justice Konstantinos Raktivan to head it instead. The new Governorate of Macedonia kept the Ottoman administration and officials in place until prefectures were established by royal decree in 1915. The Ottoman kazas were then renamed subgovernates (υποδιοικήσεις, ypodioikíseis) and overseen by governate commissioners (διοικητικοί επίτροποι, dioikitikoí epítropoi) nominated by the governor-general.
# Maran Qaleh

Maran Qaleh (Persian: ماران قلعه, also Romanized as Mārān Qal‘eh; also known as Galū, Mārān Galū, Mārāngelī, Mārān Gellā, and Maran Ghal‘eh) is a village in Khatunabad Rural District, in the Central District of Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 170, in 37 families.
# Ukholovsky District

Ukholovsky District (Russian: У́холовский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Ryazan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 956 square kilometers (369 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Ukholovo. Population: 9,532 (2010 Census); 11,725 (2002 Census); 13,509 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ukholovo accounts for 52.1% of the district's total population.
# 2nd Panzer Brigade (Bundeswehr)

The 2nd Panzer Brigade (German: Panzerbrigade 2), known as 2nd Panzergrenadier Brigade (Panzergrenadierbrigade 2) from 1959 until 1981, was an armored brigade of the Bundeswehr. It was subordinate to 1st Panzer Division and active from 1959 to 1993.

## History

Upon the foundation of the German Army in 1955/56, the 1st Army Structure (Heeresstruktur 1) was issued to bring about a Bundeswehr of twelve divisions with 36 brigades. The "Combat Group A1" (Kampfgruppe A 1) of 1st Grenadier Division, which had been assembled on 1 July 1956 in the Scharnhorst Barracks in Hanover-Bothfeld, received its first conscripts on 1 April 1957 and, after early 1958, contained the 1st, 11th, 21st and 61st Grenadier Battalions as well as the 1st Panzer Battalion. The staff HQ was at Hanover, the 1st, 11th, 21st and 61st Grenadier Battalions were at Hanover, Wolfenbüttel, Hanover and Braunschweig, respectively, whereas the 1st Panzer Battalion was at Augustdorf.
As part of the 2nd Army Structure (Heeresstruktur 2) of 16 March 1959, Combat Group A1 formally became the 2nd Panzergrenadier Brigade and, over the course of the year 1959, redeployed to the Henry the Lion Barracks in Braunschweig. The Grenadier Battalions were renamed Panzergrenadier Battalions; the 11th and 61st Battalions became the 22nd and 23rd Battalions, the 12th Battalion became the 312th Battalion. Additionally, companies of panzer engineers, panzer reconnaissance, Panzerjägers, and anti-aircraft forces (each company with the cardinal number "20") were added to the Brigade. In 1960, the 24th Panzer Battalion (newly assembled in Dedelstorf) was added to the 2nd Panzer Brigade.
In the 3rd Army Structure (Heeresstruktur 3) of 1972, the 2nd Panzer Battalion remained in the order of battle, but the 22nd Battalion at Wolfenbüttel was dissolved and partially inserted into the Observation Battalion 13 of 1st Artillery Regiment. In 1971, the brigade was at the center of the WDR documentary Unternehmen Manöver, in which the WDR journalists accompanied the 2nd Panzer Brigade's soldiers during a military maneuvre at Baumholder training area.
In late 1989, the peacetime strength of the 2nd Panzer Brigade was 2,900 soldiers, expected in case of emergency to grow to 3,300.
As part of the 5th Army Structure (Heeresstruktur 5) after German reunification and the military reductions following the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, the 25th Panzer Artillery Battalion, 20th Panzer Engineer Company and 21st Panzer Battalion were dissolved in 1992. The 2nd Panzer Brigade itself was deactivated on 31 March 1993 and ceased to exist.
# Skalisty Range, Caucasus

Skalisty Range (Russian: Скалистый хребет) is a mountain range in the Greater Caucasus, Russian Federation.

## Geography

The Skalisty Range is a chain of ten separate mountain massifs stretching parallel to the northern side of the Lateral Range along the Krasnodar Territory, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria and North Ossetia federal subjects. Its high mountain massifs are separated by the upper reaches of the rivers flowing on the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus. It extends from northwest to southeast for 931 km from the upper course of the Belaya River, a left tributary of the Kuban, to the west, reaching almost the Terek River in the east, in the area of Vladikavkaz town.
The average height of the Skalisty Range is between 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) and 1,700 meters (5,600 ft) in the west, reaching 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) in the east. The highest point is 3,646 meters (11,962 ft) high Karakaya, located between rivers Chegem and Cherek in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria. The ridge has steep, in places vertical, southern slopes, while the northern slopes are gentler, though broken by numerous narrow river valleys from the basins of the Kuban and Terek rivers. There are numerous karst formations.

## Flora

The northern slopes of Skalisty Range are largely covered with deciduous forests, while the southern slopes and the areas above the tree line include mountain steppe and pasture in the non-rocky areas.
# Beaulieu, Hérault

Beaulieu (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Bèl Luòc d'Erau) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.
# Black-and-gold tanager

The black-and-gold tanager (Bangsia melanochlamys) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae, which is endemic to Colombia.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# 2nd Foreign Legion (France)

The 2nd Foreign Legion (French: Deuxième legion) was created by the King. On 29 June 1835 Louis Philippe I, the King of France ceded the Foreign Legion to Queen Isabella II of Spain.
Subsequently, 4100 men which included foreigners in service of France and French officers passed accordingly into the ranks of the Spanish Army, which was in confrontation with the Carlists.
Nevertheless, the campaign of Algeria required numerous troops; accordingly on 16 December 1835, the King signed a Royal Ordinance which created a New Legion.

## Creation of the Second Legion

The format was first limited to one battalion. The others were later successively constituted, and only if they were required. All the dispositions of the Royal Ordinance of 10 March 1831 (date of creation of the 1831 Legion) were placed rigorously in application.
The first battalion was immediately formed in Pau. On 3 February 1836 chef de bataillon (Commandant - Major) Marie Alphonse Bedeau was entrusted with command. One month later, the general staff headquarters of the battalion and the first two companies were formed. Six other companies where formed later in June 1836.

## New dissolution

However, in the following month of August, the battalion was licensed and the government proposed to the Officers, Sous-Officiers, and Legionnaires which formed the battalion to serve Spain in the ranks of the French Auxiliary Division, called ex-Legion, which was fighting there for almost a year already. Those who refused were sent back to their foyers. Those which volunteered for service in Spain formed a new battalion which was directed on Pamplona under the orders of lieutenant-colonel Conrad.

## Recreation and departure to Algeria

Despite the dismissal of the Foreign Legion, foreigners were still vibrant in their volunteerism at the corps of the French Army. Accordingly, new depot companies were created and in October 1836, a total of six companies were formed, rapidly followed by the formation of two more in November.
This new battalion was placed under the commandment of chef de bataillon Marie-Alphonse Bedeau. On 5 December 1836 the battalion left Pau to embark on the Suffren, at Toulon, making its way by sea to Algeria.
The battalion integrated accordingly the 2nd Brigade of the Army of Africa, commanded by général Négrier.
The second battalion was formed in July 1837. The creation of three others were echeloned until 1840. Following the apprehension of Constantine, in October 1837, during which the Legion battalion illustrated capability, battalion chief Bedeau was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and the formation of elite companies was authorized. To award these arms accomplishments, the Legion received on 7 June 1840 the flag, which was given in 1832 to the first Legion.
# Kahurabad, Jiroft

Kahurabad (Persian: كهوراباد, also Romanized as Kahūrābād) is a village in Eslamabad Rural District, in the Central District of Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 181, in 40 families.
# Kleče (Ljubljana)

Kleče (pronounced; German: Kletsche) is a formerly independent settlement in the northern part of the capital Ljubljana in central Slovenia. It is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Geography

Kleče is a ribbon village along the road from Savlje to Šentvid, with most of the houses on the north side of the road. Restrictions were placed on new construction due to the presence of a pumping station near the village in a grove of pines. The soil in the area is sandy, and there are tilled fields extending from the settlement to the north and south. As the land approaches the Sava River it becomes wooded, primarily with hornbeam and oak.

## Name

Kleče was attested in historical sources as Cletschach in 1359 and 1444 (and as Cleczach in 1363 and Kletsch in 1458, among other spellings). It is one of several settlements that share this name, all of which lie along rivers. The name is ultimately derived from the common noun kleč 'gravel deposit covered with shallow soil', referring to the local geography. The feminine plural form is a result of reanalysis of a demonym derived from the common noun.

## History

Construction of the pumping station for the Ljubljana water system began in Kleče in 1888 and was completed in 1890. During the Second World War, the Italian–German border ran along the main road, separating Kleče from neighboring Savlje. Later, the border was shifted to fields to the north. Kleče was annexed by Ljubljana in 1974, ending its existence as a separate village. Kleče has largely retained its rural character today, although urbanization is increasing in the settlement.

## Cultural heritage

Cultural heritage in Kleče includes the following:
* The house at Kleče no. 22 was a large two-story structure with a symmetrical double-pitched roof. The year 1895 was carved above the entrance, which was somewhat recessed. The side facing the yard had a partial ground-floor arcade, and the structure once served as the Urh Inn (Slovene: gostilna pri Urhu). It stood in the center of Kleče facing the main road.
* The village center of Kleče is registered as cultural heritage. It preserves a ribbon settlement layout aligned with the terrace of the Sava River, and with buildings following the perpendicular property divisions.
* A form of quintain known as štehvanje was introduced to Kleče and neighboring villages in 1935. This Slovenian competition originates from the Gail Valley, and the event is held in June.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Kleče include:
* Jakob "Jaka" Avšič (1896–1978), communist politician
# Azoudange

Azoudange (French pronunciation:; German: Anslingen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
# HK Celje

Hokejski klub Celje (English: Celje Hockey Club) or simply HK Celje is an ice hockey club from Celje, Slovenia. The club was established in 1998. They play their home matches at Celje Ice Hall with a seating capacity for 400 spectators.
# Qianshen Bai

Qianshen Bai (born 26 April 1955) is a Chinese art historian. He attended Peking University before traveling to pursue postgraduate training at Rutgers and Yale University, receiving his PhD in art history in 1996. He taught at Boston University from 1997 to 2015, afterwards returning to China to serve as a professor of art history at Zhejiang University. He received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2004. In 2019, he was appointed the founding Dean of the School of Art & Archaeology and the director of the Zhejiang University Museum of Art and Archaeology.

## Biography

Qianshen Bai was born in China on 26 April 1955. In 1982, while a student at Peking University, he won first place in the National Calligraphy Competition for University Students. He graduated from Peking University with a Bachelor of Law that year, before pursuing a postgraduate political science program. He travelled to the United States in 1986 to attend a comparative politics course at Rutgers University, where he graduated with his Master of Arts in 1990. He transferred to Yale University, where he received an MA in art history in 1992, as well as a M.Phil in the same field the following year. He was granted his PhD in art history from Yale in 1996.
From 1995 to 1997, Bai served as an instructor of Asian art history at Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan. In April 1997, he became an assistant professor at Boston University. After Bai briefly worked as a visiting professor at Harvard University in the spring of 2002, the Harvard University Asia Center published his first English-language book, Fu Shan’s World: The Transformation of Chinese Calligraphy in the Seventeenth Century, the following year. He was promoted to an associate professorship at Boston in 2004. That year, he received a Guggenheim Fellowship for his work in arts research. He received an National Endowment for the Humanities grant in 2011–2012. While serving as a researcher in the United States, he additionally taught Chinese calligraphy.
In 2015, he returned to China to serve as a professor of art history at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou. In May 2019, Bai was appointed the founding dean of Zhejiang's School of Art & Archaeology. Later that year, he was also appointed the director of the Zhejiang University Museum of Art and Archaeology. He has also served as a visiting professor at Peking University.