OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ICARUS experiment

ICARUS (Imaging Cosmic And Rare Underground Signals) is a physics experiment aimed at studying neutrinos. It was located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) where it started operations in 2010. After completion of its operations there, it was refurbished at CERN for re-use at Fermilab, in the same neutrino beam as the MiniBooNE, MicroBooNE and Short Baseline Near Detector (SBND) experiments. The ICARUS detector was then taken apart for transport and reassembled at Fermilab, where data collection is expected to begin in fall 2021.
The ICARUS program was initiated by Carlo Rubbia in 1977, who proposed a new type of neutrino detector. These are called Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LAr-TPC), which should combine the advantages of bubble chambers and electronic detectors, evolving previous detectors. They detect neutrinos through the reaction:
    $^{40}Ar+\nu \rightarrow^{40}K+e^{-}\,$
(a neutrino combining with an atom of argon-40 to yield an atom of potassium-40 and an electron.)
In the course of the ICARUS program, such detectors of considerable capacity were proposed. After first runs at Pavia in 2001, the ICARUS T600 detector at Gran Sasso, filled with 760 tons of liquid argon, started operation in 2010. In order to study neutrino oscillations and various fundamental topics of modern physics, neutrinos of astronomic or solar sources, and CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) beam produced 730 km away by the Super Proton Synchrotron from CERN, have been detected.
The CNGS neutrinos are also studied by the OPERA experiment, therefore those experiments are also called CNGS1 (OPERA) and CNGS2 (ICARUS).
The CNGS measurements also became important when the OPERA group announced in September and November 2011 that they had measured superluminal neutrinos (see faster-than-light neutrino anomaly). Shortly afterwards, the ICARUS collaboration published a paper in which they argued that the energy distribution of the neutrinos is not compatible with superluminal particles. This conclusion was based on a theory of Cohen and Sheldon Glashow. In March 2012, they published a direct neutrino velocity measurement based on seven neutrinos events. The result was in agreement with the speed of light and thus special relativity, and contradicts the OPERA result. In August 2012, another neutrino velocity measurement based on 25 neutrino events was published with increased accuracy and statistics, again in agreement with the speed of light. (See measurements of neutrino speed.)
The ICARUS detector moved to Fermilab in July 2017 for a new neutrino experiment. In February 2020, scientists at Fermilab began cooling down ICARUS and filling it with 760 tons of liquid argon. Scientists hope to take the first measurements with the refurbished ICARUS later in 2020. In May 2021, Fermilab announced that ICARUS would begin data collection in the fall of 2021.
# SS Fairport (1941)

SS Fairport was a Type C2-S-E1 cargo ship built by Gulf Shipbuilding for the Waterman Steamship Company. She was sunk by U-161 on 16 July 1942. All hands were rescued by an American destroyer.

## Career

Fairport was laid down as the first ship constructed at Gulf Shipbuilding of Chickasaw, Alabama. Constructed under a United States Maritime Commission contract (MC hull number 849) on behalf of the Waterman Steamship Company of Mobile, Alabama, she was launched on 15 November 1941. After Fairport's April 1942 completion, she was registered at Mobile and armed with a 4-inch (100 mm) deck gun and six machine guns, and took on fourteen Naval Armed Guardsmen to man the guns.
On 13 July 1942, Fairport departed New York with convoy WS 4 for the Persian Gulf. She was carrying a cargo of 8,000 long tons (8,128.375 t) of materiel which included a deck load of tanks, (fifty-two tanks, eighteen self-propelled guns and other supplies) and also carried 66 passengers. The convoy consisted of six other merchant ships and an escort of three destroyers; Fairport's station in the convoy was in position #12, the second ship in the port column.
At 09:45 on 16 July, near position 27°10′N 64°33′W﻿ / ﻿27.167°N 64.550°W﻿ / 27.167; -64.550 or about 500 nautical miles (930 km) northwest of the Virgin Islands, Fairport was struck by two torpedoes launched by Korvettenkapitän Albrecht Achilles, the commander of U-161. The first torpedo struck the cargo ship's #4 cargo hold on the port side, starting a fire that was quickly extinguished by inrushing seawater. The second torpedo struck ten seconds after the first, and opened a 30-by-25-foot (9.1 by 7.6 m) hole near the #1 hold. The engines were secured and the vessel ordered abandoned five minutes later. Fifteen minutes after the attack, Fairport sank by the stern. All 123 persons aboard the ship (10 officers, 33 men, 14 Naval Armed Guardsmen, 66 passengers) were rescued by destroyer Kearny, and landed at New York on 21 July.
# Darreh Duzakh

Darreh Duzakh (Persian: دره دوزخ, also Romanized as Darreh Dūzakh) is a village in Osmanvand Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 100, in 20 families.
# Hirsingue

Hirsingue (French pronunciation: ; German: Hirsingen) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.
# Chester Sayers

Chester Irving Sayers (August 17, 1899 – June 19, 1985) was a provincial politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1941 to 1971 sitting with the Social Credit caucus in government.

## Political career

Sayers ran for a seat to the Alberta Legislature as the Social Credit candidate in the electoral district of Camrose in a by-election held on February 6, 1941. He defeated Co-operative Commonwealth leader Chester Ronning in a hotly contested straight fight to hold the seat for his party. He ran for a second term in the 1944 Alberta general election. He faced former MLA William Chant and defeated him and another candidate with a large majority.
Sayers ran for a third term in office in the 1948 general election. He won decisively, increasing his popular vote.
Sayers ran for a fourth term in the 1952 general election. He lost a little ground in his popular vote, but still took the district with a comfortable plurality.
The 1955 general election would see Sayers nearly get defeated. He faced a strong challenge from Liberal candidate Ed Schnell whom he defeated on the third vote count to hold the district.
Sayers ran for his sixth term in the 1959 Alberta general election. He improved his popularity winning his largest popular vote to date. The opposition vote among the three other candidates shifted and collapsed in support giving Sayers a wide margin of victory.
The 1963 general election saw Sayers win the largest popular vote of his career. He defeated three other candidates to win his seventh term in office. He ran for his final term in the 1967 general election. He faced a hotly contested race amongst three other candidates. The opposition vote was divided and Sayers was returned with a large plurality.
Sayers retired from the Alberta Legislature at dissolution in 1971.
# Alex Ferreira (footballer)

Alexsandro "Alex" Ferreira (born January 10, 1986), sometimes known as just Alex, is a Brazilian right back for Paraná in the Brazilian Série A.

## Contract

1 April 2007 to 1 April 2010
# Chapai Nawabganj Sadar Upazila

Nawabganj Sadar (Bengali: নবাবগঞ্জ সদর) is an upazila of Nawabganj District in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

## Geography

Chapai Nawabganj Sadar is located at 24°36′00″N 88°16′00″E﻿ / ﻿24.6000°N 88.2667°E﻿ / 24.6000; 88.2667. It has 112,748 households and total area 451.8 km$^2$.
Chapai Nawabganj Sadar Upazila is bounded by Shibganj, Chapai Nawabganj and Nachole Upazilas on the north, Tanore and Godagari Upazilas, in Rajshahi District, on the east, Samserganj, Suti I, Suti II, Raghunathganj II and Lalgola CD Blocks, in Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India, all across the Ganges/ Padma, on the south, and Shibganj Upazila, Chapai Nawabganj on the west.

## Demographics

Religions in Chapai Nawabganj Sadar Upazila (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 95.73% | 95.73% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 3.93% | 3.93% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.34% | 0.34% |
According to the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Chapai Nawabganj Sadar Upazila had 112,748 households and a population of 530,592. 125,623 (23.68%) were under 10 years of age. Chapai Nawabganj Sadar had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 46.30%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1084 females per 1000 males. 180,731 (34.06%) lived in urban areas. Ethnic population was 1,578.
As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Nawabganj Sadar has a population of 389524. Males constitute 50.39% of the population, and females 49.61%. This Upazila's eighteen up population is 187893. Nawabganj Sadar has an average literacy rate of 27.1% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate.

## Administration

Chapai Nawabganj Sadar Upazila is divided into Nawabganj Municipality and 14 union parishads: Alatuli, Baliadanga, Baroghoria, Charaunupnagar, Charbagdanga, Debinagar, Gobratola, Islampur, Jhilim, Moharajpur, Narayanpur, Ranihati, Shahjahanpur, and Sundarpur. The union parishads are subdivided into 174 mauzas and 203 villages.
Nawabganj Town (Municipality) is subdivided into 15 wards and 82 mahallas.

## Education

According to Banglapedia, Harimohon Government High School, founded in 1895, is a notable secondary school.
# Vladimir Slepak

Vladimir Semyonovich Slepak (Russian: Влади́мир Семёнович Слепа́к; 29 October 1927 – 24 April 2015) was a Soviet dissident, refusenik, member of the Moscow Helsinki Group. Along with his wife Mariya Slepak (née Rashkovskaya) and sons Alexander and Leonid he fought for the right of Jews to emigrate from the Soviet Union.
He participated in the compilation of about 70 documents, appeals by Moscow Helsinki Group.
He graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute as a radio engineer.
He lived and worked in Moscow as the head of the laboratory at the Research Institute of television in Golyanovo District and trust "Spetsgeofizika."
For his human rights activities he was convicted and exiled to the village of Tsokto-Khangil, Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug in the Chita Oblast from 1978 to 1983.
He spent nearly five years in Siberian exile for unfurling a banner that read, "Let Us Go..." Subsequently, he emigrated in October 1987 after 17 years has passed since his first application to the Visa Office. He lived with his family in Kfar Saba, Israel.

## Books

* Potok, Chaim; Slepak, Leonid; Slepak, Vladimir; Slepak, Alexander; Slepak, Maria (2010). The Gates of November. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0307575517.
# Porkuni

Porkuni (German: Borckholm) is a village in Tapa Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northern Estonia. The settlement is located around the Lake Porkuni, which is the source of the Valgejõgi River.
In 1944, the Battle of Porkuni was fought in the area.

## Porkuni castle

In 1479, a castle was built on an island in the lake by the bishop of Tallinn Simon von der Borch. Porkuni castle (German: Schloss Borkholm) was a four-sided structure surrounding a central courtyard, where a small church stood. In each corner of the castle stood a cannon-tower, and there was also a gate tower which is still preserved, albeit with a few later alterations. Judging from the remains, the castle was built in different stages and the walls were gradually made higher.
The castle was destroyed during the Livonian War.
In 1870–1874, a new manor house was built at the site by the landowner at the time, Otto Ludwig von Rennenkampff. Perhaps not surprisingly, it is built in a neo-Gothic style, with turrets and other details inspired by a romantic perception of the Middle Ages. The ceremonial rooms of the manor, on the first floor, have been restored. The interior also houses a wrought iron staircase and a noteworthy Art Nouveau cocklestove. The manor house and grounds is now owned by UK telecommunications operator aql.
# Chenar Bon, Sari

Chenar Bon (Persian: چناربن, also Romanized as Chenār Bon) is a village in Mazkureh Rural District, in the Central District of Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 348, in 103 families.
# Cytadela (video game)

Cytadela or Citadel is a 1995 first-person shooter developed by Virtual Design and published by Black Legend and Arrakis Software for the Amiga 500 and later. The game is set on a prison island in the middle of a prisoner revolt. The game received generally positive reviews in the Amiga press. An open-source version for modern PCs was started in 2006. A fixed up version for the original Amiga was released in 2022. The source code to the original was also released.
# Kalâat Khasba

Kalâat Khasba (Arabic: القلعة الخصباء) is a town and commune in the Kef Governorate, Tunisia. As of 2014 it had a population of 2,558, compared to 2,871 in 2004. Kalâat Khasba is the chief town of Kalâat Khasba Delegation, which had a population of 7,353 people in 2004.
# The Hanna-Barbera Hall of Fame: Yabba Dabba Doo II

The Hanna-Barbera Hall of Fame: Yabba Dabba Doo II is a 1979 American live-action/animated television special produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, which aired on CBS on October 12, 1979. It is a sequel to the 1977 special Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera.

## Summary

Bill Bixby hosts a behind-the-scenes look at some of the most famous stars of the animated-cartoon world of Hanna-Barbera's "Hall of Fame" of animal heroes and villains and the careers of William Hanna and Joseph Barbera.

## Cast

* Bill Bixby – Host
* Daws Butler – Various character voices
# Warszawa Ursus-Niedźwiadek railway station

Warszawa Ursus–Niedźwiadek railway station is a railway station in the Ursus district of Warsaw, Poland. The station is served by Koleje Mazowieckie, which runs trains from Skierniewice to Warszawa Wschodnia, and Szybka Kolej Miejska, which runs trains from Pruszków PKP to Otwock.
# Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan

The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, officially known as the Constitution (Twenty-fourth Amendment) Act, 2017, allows for the adjustment of seats in the Parliament of Pakistan in response to the provisional results of the 2017 Census. The overall number of seats in the National Assembly of Pakistan will remain the same, with Punjab losing seats, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa gaining seats, and Sindh retaining the same number of seats.
# Rudik-e Sahebdad

Rudik-e Sahebdad (Persian: روديك صاحبداد, also Romanized as Rūdīk-e Şāḩebdād; also known as Rūdīg-e Şāḩebdād and Rūdīk-e Pā’īn) is a village in Negur Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 6 families.
# Vrh pri Višnji Gori

Vrh pri Višnji Gori (pronounced; German: Greifenberg) is a settlement in the hills to the north above Višnja Gora in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Vrh to Vrh pri Višnji Gori in 1953. In the past the German name was Greifenberg.

## Cultural heritage

A number of Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age graves have been found in and around the village. An inventory of the graves and finds is kept by the Vienna Museum of Natural History

## Notable people

* Sašo Hribar (1960–2023), Slovenian media personality and comedian
# Budakeszi

Budakeszi (German: Wudigess or Wudigeß) is a town in Pest County, in the Budapest metropolitan area, Hungary. It is located beyond the János Hill at the western city limits of Budapest, about 12 km (7 mi) west of the Zero Kilometre Stone in the city centre. A popular recreational area, the landscape is characterized by forests, predominantly oaks, by vineyards and by orchards.

## Meaning of the name

Buda is the western side of Budapest, Keszi was one of the seven ancient Hungarian tribes.

## History

The settlement in the Kingdom of Hungary was first mentioned about 1270, it was completely devastated during the Ottoman Siege of Buda in 1541. In the aftermath of the Ottoman defeat at the 1683 Battle of Vienna, the depopulated area was re-settled with "Danube Swabian" (most of them actually descending from Lorraine, the Palatinate and Alsace) immigrants by the order of the Habsburg King Leopold I. Budakeszi was for centuries a predominantly "Schwabian" (ethnic German) village.
After World War II Budakeszi's history was influenced by the deportation of its ethnic German population according to Article 12 of the 1945 Potsdam Agreement. Though the expulsion was ordered under pressure of the Soviet forces, many Hungarians relished in the humiliation of ethnic Germans throughout the region and collectively took part in organized, forced deportations of German-speaking citizens to Germany proper. Most of these expellees had never been to Germany before, as even their great-grand parents had been born in Hungary. Budakeszi lost a great number of its citizens due to the above and the vacuum was later filled with the settlement of families from other regions, such as Transylvania.

## Budakeszi today

Many inhabitants commute to work to the capital Budapest daily. With mass transportation (No. 22 bus or Volánbusz intercity bus) this normally takes about 15 minutes.
Budakeszi has a historic main street and a baroque Roman Catholic church in its valley. There is also a Protestant church, the cemetery of which has largely German-named headstones, some of which date back to the early 19th century. (There are also about a dozen WW2 Polish soldiers buried in the cemetery).
Today Budakeszi's population is mixed; Hungarians, Schwabian-Germans, and Transylvanians share this small town. Near Budakeszi there is an airfield for sailplanes (gliders) and for small planes, as well as a recently established World War 2 German military cemetery.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Budakeszi is twinned with:
* Balog nad Ipľom, Slovakia
* Biecz, Poland
* Delbrück, Germany
* Dyida, Ukraine
* Lich, Germany
* Miercurea Ciuc, Romania
* Neckarsulm, Germany
* Sankt Margarethen an der Raab, Austria

## Notable citizens

Among the ethnic Germans expelled from Budakeszi in 1946 were the parents of Joseph "Joschka" Fischer, born in 1948, German foreign minister from 1998 to 2005. Fischer today holds an honorary citizenship.
* András Balczó, Olympic gold medalist (Modern Pentathlon, 1972)
* AWS, metalcore band
* Gáspár Nagy, poet, Kossuth Prize winner
* Zsolt Vajda, Media artist
* Csaba Pléh, psychologist, linguist, Széchenyi Prize winner
# Andarud-e Sofla

Andarud-e Sofla (Persian: اندرودسفلي, also Romanized as Andarud-e Soflá, Andarūd Soflā, and Andrūd-e Soflá; also known as Andarud and Andarūd-e Pā’īn) is a village in Kaghazkonan-e Markazi Rural District, Kaghazkonan District, Meyaneh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 91, in 31 families.
# Hashemabad, Lorestan

Hashemabad (Persian: هاشم آباد, also Romanized as Hāshemābād) is a village in Nurabad Rural District, in the Central District of Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 185, in 48 families.
# Chachkam

Chachkam (Persian: چاچكام, also Romanized as Chāchkām and Chāch Kām; also known as Chāch) is a village in Tangeh Soleyman Rural District, Kolijan Rostaq District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 130, in 37 families.
# Mah Khatuni, Hormozgan

Mah Khatuni (Persian: ماه خاتوني, also Romanized as Māh Khātūnī and Mah Khatooni) is a village in Tiab Rural District, in the Central District of Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 177, in 35 families.
# Bazneshin-e Sofla

Bazneshin-e Sofla (Persian: بازنشين سفلي, also Romanized as Bāzneshīn-e Soflá; also known as Bāzneshīn-e Pā’īn) is a village in Rahimabad Rural District, Rahimabad District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 804, in 216 families.
# Man Darreh Algan

Man Darreh Algan (Persian: من دره الگن) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 71, in 11 families.
# Bahrami-ye Sofla

Bahrami-ye Sofla (Persian: بهرامي سفلي, also Romanized as Bahrāmī-ye Soflá; also known as Bahrāmī and Bahrāmī-ye Pā’īn) is a village in Eslamabad Rural District, in the Central District of Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 189, in 38 families.
# Jabal Amiqah

Jabal Amiqah (Arabic: جبل عميقة) is a sub-district located in Hubaysh District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Jabal Amiqah had a population of 7069 according to the 2004 census.
# 4th Mechanized Brigade (Kazakhstan)

The 4th Separate Mechanized Brigade named for Hero K. Kaysanov (Kazakh: 4-шi жеке механикаландырылған бригадасы (4-ші жмехбр); Military Unit Number 27943) is a motorized infantry brigade of the Kazakh Ground Forces. It is currently based in Novo-Akhmirovo, a suburb of Oskemen. It is part of Kazakh Regional Command East. The brigade traces its origins back to the Soviet 155th Motor Rifle Division, formed in 1970 in Semipalatinsk. The 155th became the 5203rd Weapons and Equipment Storage Base in 1989. In 1993, the 5203rd Weapons and Equipment Storage Base became the 511th Motor Rifle Regiment. In 1996, it became the 4th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade. In 2004, it was renamed the 4th Mechanized Brigade.

## History

In April 1970, the 155th Motor Rifle Division was activated in Semipalatinsk, subordinated to the 1st Army Corps. On 24 September 1981, it became part of the 32nd Army. In 1984, elements of the division were used to activate the 71st Motor Rifle Division. The division was relocated to Ust-Kamenogorsk (now Oskemen) in the same year. During the Cold War, the division was maintained at 64% strength. It became part of the 1st Army Corps again on 1 March 1988. On 1 October 1989, it became the 5203rd Weapons and Equipment Storage Base. The base became part of the 40th Army on 4 June 1991. In March 1992, it was taken over by Kazakhstan.
The equipment of the storage base was used to form a motor rifle regiment of the Kazakh Ground Forces on 26 April 1993 based in the village of Kalbatau, Zharma district. On 1 December 1998, the regiment was reorganized as the 4th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade. In accordance with a directive dated 28 November 2004, the brigade was redesignated as the 4th Separate Mechanized Brigade. It relocated to Novo-Akhmirovo in late 2004. The brigade is named for People's Hero of Kazakhstan Qasim Qaysenov. The 4th Separate Mechanized Brigade participated in Exercise "Tsentr-2008" with Russian troops.
# Sečujac

Sečujac (Serbian Cyrillic: Сечујац, German: Seczujacz) is a Serbian surname meaning "someone from Sečuj. It may refer to:
* Arsenije Sečujac (1720–1814), Habsburg Monarchy general
* Đorđe Sečujac (fl. 1751), Habsburg Monarchy captain
# Eskandarabad, West Azerbaijan

Eskandarabad (Persian: اسكندراباد, also Romanized as Eskandarābād) is a village in Beradust Rural District, Sumay-ye Beradust District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 119, in 26 families.
# Gończyce

Gończyce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sobolew, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Sobolew, 15 km (9 mi) south-east of Garwolin, and 70 km (43 mi) south-east of Warsaw.