OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kulia Union

Kulia (Bengali: কুলিয়া) is a union parishad situated at the north-west part of Debhata Upazila, in Satkhira District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh.

## History

Guruthakurgans of Satkhira zamindars lived in Kulia Union which is why the post office and a village are called Gurugram.

## Geography

Kuliya Union is bounded on the north by Alipore Union, on the south by Parulia Union, on the east by Fingri Union and Bhomra, which is adjacent to the Indian state of West Bengal.
Area: 59.49 sq. km.

## Demographics

Population: 35,154. 17,949 males, 18,205 females, 26,364 Muslims, 6,375 Hindus and 2,393 others.

## Administration

| 01 No Word Bohera 02 No Ward Baliadanga Hirarchak 03 No Ward Pushpokati Khaskhamar 04 No Ward North. Kulia 05 No Ward South: Kulia 06 No Ward East Kulia Dattadanga Kamat Para Kultali 07 No Word Subarnabad Nunekhola Raghunathpur Ramnagar | 08 No Ward Tickets Deukul Gabindapur Pargava Rajaram Hizoldanga 09 No Ward Shashadanga Shyamnagar Gobrakhali Vennapota Borboria Dhalir Gher Andulpota Kadamkhali Charbalitha Bill Shimulbaria Jelmari Koremari |

### List of chairmen

Current Chairman is Md. Asadul Haque
| Serial No. | The names of the chairmen | are term |
| 01 | Abu Salek Sardar | British to 1966 |
| 02 | Abdul Ghaffar Sardar | 1966-1971 |
| 03 | Nurul Momin Sardar | 1972-1988 |
| 04 | Md. Asadul Haque | 1988-2016 |
| 05 | Md. Imadul Islam | 2016-2021 |
| 06 | Md. Asadul Haque | 2021-present |

## Education

Just like any other areas in Bangladesh, Kulia has few number of educational institutions. They include:
* Bohera A.T. Secondary School
* Kulia Girls Secondary School
* Bohera Primary School
* Hazrat Naimuddin (RH) Hafijia & Foorkania Madrasah
* Shashadanga Government Primary School
Literacy rate: 86.04%
Educational Institutions
The number of primary schools is 8
02 secondary schools
1 secondary girls school
Dakhil Madrasa 3
There are 37 sub-formal schools
Jami Masjid 48
# Talkhab-e Nazer

Talkhab-e Nazer (Persian: تلخاب نظر, also Romanized as Talkhāb-e Naẓer; also known as Talkhāb) is a village in Abezhdan Rural District, Abezhdan District, Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 502, in 89 families.
# Diana the Huntress

Diana the Huntress (French: Diane chasseresse) is an oil-on-canvas painting by an anonymous artist of the School of Fontainebleau. Painted in about 1550, it is a mythical representation of Diane de Poitiers, the mistress of King Henry II, in the guise of the goddess Diana. It is in the Louvre, which acquired it in 1840.
In its linear elegance the painting exemplifies the French version of the Northern Mannerist style that was introduced to France by Italian artists such as Rosso Fiorentino and Francesco Primaticcio in the 1530s. It is one of many works by artists of the School of Fontainebleau depicting Diane de Poitiers, who was often personified as Diana, the Roman goddess of the hunt. The nude figure carries a bow and a quiver of arrows, and is accompanied by a dog. In her hair is an ornament in the shape of a crescent moon, an attribute of the goddess.
The painting was previously attributed to the Italian artist Luca Penni.
# Nocher-Route

Nocher-Route (Luxembourgish: Nacherstrooss, German: Nocherstrasse) is a village in the commune of Goesdorf, in north-western Luxembourg. As of 2024, the village had a population of 180.
# Metres above the Adriatic

Metres above the Adriatic (Italian: Metri sopra l'Adriatico, German: Meter über Adria, Serbo-Croatian: Metara iznad Jadrana) is the vertical datum used in Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia to measure elevation, referring to the average water level of the Adriatic Sea at the Sartorio mole in the Port of Trieste.

## Gauge

The gauging station in the Port of Trieste was established in 1875 by the local observatory run by the military geographical institute of the Austro-Hungarian Army. The average water surface elevation at Molo Sartorio became the datum valid for the whole Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Whilst the former Yugoslavian states still use it, the Eastern Bloc successor states of Austria-Hungary like Hungary and Czechoslovakia after World War II switched to the Kronstadt Gauge of the Baltic Sea, which is 0.6747 m (2.214 ft) higher.
Whilst for Austria the 1875 gauge is used as the datum, the states of former Yugoslavia use the 1900 gauge (Nadmorska visina, m/nv). In Albania (normal-orthometric height) they also refer to heights as 'metres above the Adriatic', but use a specific tide gauge in the port of Durrës.

## Abbreviation

The individual countries using this datum abbreviate it in different ways depending on their local language, as follows:
* Austria: m ü. Adria, m.ü.A. or müA, colloquially known as Seehöhe or Adriahöhe
* Hungary: mAf from méter Adria felett
* Former Yugoslavian states: m. i. J. from Metara iznad Jadrana
'Metres above the Adriatic' may be abbreviated in English to m AA

## Height differences between Austria and neighbouring countries

In Austria orthometric height is used, while its neighbours use other height systems, which leads to differences. On the state borders these differences are:
* Germany: +25 to +34 cm, normal height according to the Normalhöhennull levelling system based on the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum
* Italy: −0.5 to −3.2 cm, orthometric height referring to Genoa Tide Gauge
* Switzerland and Liechtenstein: −1.6 to −7.5 cm, orthometric height – 'Metres above the Sea' (Meter über Meer) based on the elevation of the Pierres du Niton in Lake Geneva at 373.6 m (1,226 ft) above average Marseille Tide Gauge
* Slovakia: +57 cm, normal height based on Kronstadt Tide Gauge
* Slovenia: −8 to −12 cm, orthometric height – metres above the sea referring to Koper Tide Gauge
* Czech Republic: +46 to +56.3 cm, normal height based on Kronstadt Tide Gauge, and
* Hungary: +49.6 to +60.6 cm, normal height – 'Height above Sea Level' (Hungarian: Tengerszint feletti magasság) based on the elevation of the Nadap benchmark at 173.1638 m (568.123 ft) above Kronstadt Tide Gauge.
(Differences: H$_{Austria}$ − H$_{neighbouringstates}$)
# Teacher Institute at La Academia

The Teacher Institute at La Academia (TILA) was an alternative teacher licensure program located in Denver, Colorado and was an official Colorado Department of Education Designated Agency through 2013. TILA provided alternative certification programs for individuals that had not completed a traditional teacher certification program. TILA was specially designed for people who have already received an undergraduate degree, and have the desire to change their career or enhance their professional status through teacher licensure. TILA candidates were awarded an alternative teaching license, while working as a full-time teacher in the state of Colorado. Successful completion of the year-long TILA program resulted in the recommendation of an Initial Colorado Teaching license that is valid for three years.

## History

TILA functioned as a designated agency for alternative teacher licensure from 2001 to 2013 and was approved by the Colorado Department of Education. The agency could recommend licensure for teachers seeking endorsements in elementary education, special education, linguistically diverse education and a variety of secondary content areas.
TILA has recommended licensure for more 400 teachers in a variety of endorsement areas, the majority being in special education. The program was a recipient of a federally sponsored Department of Education Transition to Teaching grant that supported 250 classroom teachers in the Alternative Teacher Licensure program by 2014, statewide.

## Partnerships

The Institute developed a strong partnership with the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center (UCDHSC) that enabled licensure candidates to earn nine graduate credits at the University. These credits directly transferred into one of two M.A. programs (Curriculum and Instruction with a Focus on Language, Literacy and Culturally Responsive Teaching and Special Education) at UCDHSC. The cost of these credits was included in the TILA fee schedule. The path to the graduate credits was embedded into the State-approved TILA program and negotiated into the agreement between TILA and UCDHSC.

## Endorsements

TILA candidates can choose one endorsement area during their program.
* Early Childhood Education (Ages Birth-8)
* Elementary Education (Grades: Grades K-6)
* Special Education Generalist (Ages 5–21)
* All K-12 Endorsements
* All Secondary Endorsements
Discontinued endorsement areas include:
* Linguistically Diverse Education

## Program Components

The Teacher Institute at La Academia consists of three major components:
* Classroom teaching experience, in which the TILA candidate must be a full-time teacher of record
* Direct pedagogical instruction in a seminar format that offers university graduate credit
* A reflective and research-oriented competency based portfolio
# Homer Stevens

Homer John Stevens (August 2, 1923 – 2002) was a Canadian trade unionist and fisherman from British Columbia. He was the general secretary and then president of the United Fishermen and Allied Workers' Union (UFAWU). UFAWU represented fishermen, shoreworkers, and workers in fish processing and transport. In 1967, he was sentenced to a year in prison for contempt of court when he defied a court order. In 2017, the Vancouver Sun profiled Stevens as one of their "150 noteworthy British Columbians". In 2020, the Communist Party of Canada held a celebration in his honour at a public park in Delta, British Columbia.

## Elections

A lifelong Communist, he was a candidate for political office eight times between 1953 and 1988, losing each contest.
* In the 1953 Canadian federal election, he was the Labor-Progressive Party's nominee in the Burnaby—Richmond federal riding, receiving 792 votes.
* In the 1960 British Columbia general election, he was nominee of the Communist Party of Canada in the Delta riding for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.
* In the 1966 British Columbia general election, he was nominee of the Communist Party of Canada in the Vancouver East riding for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.
* In the 1972 British Columbia general election, he was nominee of the Communist Party of Canada in the Vancouver-Little Mountain riding for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.
* In the 1974 Canadian federal election, he was the Communist Party of Canada's nominee in the Burnaby—Richmond federal riding, receiving 299 votes.
* In the 1979 Canadian federal election, he was the Communist Party of Canada's nominee in the Richmond—South Delta federal riding, receiving 164 votes.
* In the 1980 Canadian federal election, he was the Communist Party of Canada's nominee in the Richmond—South Delta federal riding, receiving 170 votes.
* In the 1988 Canadian federal election, he was the Communist Party of Canada's nominee in the Richmond—South Delta federal riding, receiving 113 votes.
# Oradaya Debkanya

Princess Oradaya Debkanya (Thai: อรไทยเทพกัญญา ; RTGS: Orathai Thepkanya ; 18 September 1859 - 4 April 1906) was the princess of Siam (later Thailand She was a member of the Siamese royal family and is a daughter of King mongkut and Consort Bua.
Her mother was Chao Chom Manda Bua Na Nakhon (a daughter of Phraya Nakhon (Noi Na Nakhon), She was given the full name Phra Chao Borom Wong Ther Phra Ong Chao Oradaya Debkanya (Thai: พระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าอรไทยเทพกัญญา) by her father.
Princess Oradaya Debkanya died on 4 April 1906 at the age of 46.
# Wadi-e-Hussain

Wadi-e-Hussain (Urdu: وادئ حسین, The Valley of Hussain) is a large cemetery situated in the northern part of Karachi, along the Karachi–Hyderabad Motorway. It is the first cemetery in Pakistan to have an online presence.
Wadi-e-Hussain has a dedicated section for children's graves and is a well-known burial site for Shiite Muslims. The cemetery is also adorned with special lights on occasions such as Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Mid-Sha'ban.

## Blocks

The graves at the cemetery are divided into approximately ten blocks, some of which are as follows:
* Block Hazrat Ali
* Block Hazrat Salman-e-Farsi
* Block Hazrat Imam Zain-ul-Abideen
* Block Hazrat Hurr
* Block Zaid Shaheed
* Block Awn and Muhammad
* Hazrat imam Ali Raza

## Notable burials

* Zeeshan Kazmi – Karachi Police officer
* Allama Dr. Syed Zameer Akhtar Naqvi – Religious scholar
* Professor Ustad Sibte Jaafar Zaidi – Academic
* Syed Ali Aslam Jafri – Justice of the Sindh High Court
* Mahmood Ali – Radio/television and theatre artist
* Khan Muttaqi Nadeem – Lawyer, poet, author
* Mehnaz – Radio/television singer
* Naseer Turabi - Poet
* Mustafa Zaidi - Civil servant and poet
# Tunisian Rugby Federation

The Tunisian Rugby Federation (Arabic: الجامعة التونسية للرقبي) is the governing body for rugby union in Tunisia. It was founded in 1970 and became affiliated to the International Rugby Board in 1988.
# Gentrification of Portland, Oregon

During the early 2000s, displacement of minorities in Portland, Oregon, occurred at a drastic rate. Out of 29 census tracts in north and northeast Portland, ten were majority nonwhite in 2000. By 2010, none of these tracts were majority nonwhite as gentrification drove the cost of living up. Today, Portland's Black community is concentrated in the north and northeast section of the city, mainly in the King neighborhood. In 2017, Portland, Oregon was named the fourth fastest gentrifying city in the United States by Realtor.com. At least one author has ascribed the "urban containment" effect on rising housing prices to Portland's urban growth boundary. However, despite claims of gentrification, Portland's white population has continued to shrink as a share of the city's overall population every census since 1940.
# Molėtai

Molėtai (pronunciation; Polish: Malaty; German: Mulau) is a city in north eastern Lithuania surrounded by lakes. One of the oldest settlements in Lithuania, it is a popular resort for the inhabitants of Vilnius. According to the 2013 census, it had 6,302 inhabitants.
The town is located about 60 km (37 mi) north of Vilnius and 30 km (19 mi) south of Utena.

## History

It was first mentioned as a private property of the bishop of Vilnius in year 1387.
On 29 August 1941, 700 to 1,200 Jews were murdered in a mass execution perpetrated by an Einsatzgruppen of Lithuanian "nationalists". The victims of the massacre were commemorated in a march to the site, and a memorial was unveiled there, on the 75th anniversary, in 2016.

## Economy

Molėtai hosts a factory of Teltonika, a Lithuanian semiconductor company, which employed 270 people in 2024.
Molėtai Astronomical Observatory, which belongs to Vilnius University, is located near the town. Lithuanian Museum of Ethnocosmology operates next to the observatory.

## Gallery

* Molėtai sign
* Molėtai Church of St. Peter and St. Paul exterior
* Molėtai Church of St. Peter and St. Paul interior
* Molėtai Church House
* John of Nepomuk sculpture
* Molėtai Arena
* Molėtai Youth Square
* Molėtai post office
* Molėtai Child Care Home
* Municipality of Molėtai
* Art School of Molėtai
* Molėtai Gymnasium
* Molėtai Primary School
# Hypomecis transcissa

Hypomecis transcissa is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Francis Walker in 1860. It is found in the Indian subregion and from Sri Lanka to Sundaland.
Host plants include Aleurites species.
# 2020–21 Valparaiso University women's basketball team

The 2020–21 Valparaiso University women's basketball team represented Valparaiso University during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Crusaders, led by third-year head coach Mary Evans, played their home games at the Athletics–Recreation Center as members of the Missouri Valley Conference.
On February 11, 2021, the university announced that it is dropping the team name Crusaders, the school mascot and all logos associated with the term because of the "negative connotation and violence associated with the Crusader imagery", and because some hate groups also used the term.
# Hobby of Model Railroading

Hobby of Model Railroading (Japanese: 鉄道模型趣味, romanized: Tetsudō Mokei Shumi, TMS) is a Japanese monthly magazine on railway modelling published by Kigei Publishing. It has been published in Japan since 1947.

## History

The magazine was first issued in 1947, produced by Haruo Ishibashi and Kiyo Yamazaki. Early editions were mimeographed, with no photographs, and hand-written diagrams. Following the death of Yamazaki, Ishibashi became editor-in-chief of the magazine and president of the publisher in 2003. The magazine celebrated its 800th issue in January 2014, although the magazine had actually been issued 860 times including special editions. In April 2019, Noriyuki Natori (former editor-in chief of "Rail Magazine") became editor in chief of this magazine, and Yoshihiro Imon became the president of the Kigei Publishing.

## Circulation

The magazine had a peak circulation of around 30,000 in the 1970s, but this had fallen to around 10,000 by 2014.
# Diploglottis bracteata

Diploglottis bracteata, commonly known as Boonjee tamarind, is a plant in the lychee family Sapindaceae found only in the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, Australia. It is a tree growing to about 25 m (82 ft) in height with a fluted trunk and distinctively large bracts of flowers. It was first described by the Dutch botanist Pieter Willem Leenhouts in 1978, and the common name refers to the area on the Atherton Tableland where the species occurs.

## Conservation

As of October 2024, this species has been assessed to be of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and by the Queensland Government under its Nature Conservation Act.
# Thai Chana

Thai Chana (Thai: ไทยชนะ, pronounced; lit. 'Thais win') is an online registration system and closed database for public establishments to record their visitors as a government's plan to combat COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. The database is available only to the Ministry of Public Health's Department of Disease Control in order to track, trace and restrict the visitors who may later be infected.

## Development

Thai Chana was developed by Krungthai Bank and Digital Government Development Agency and was launched for public on 17 May 2020, following an order to reopen department stores after 2-month lockdown. Every enterprises are obliged to have their visitors "check-in" to the Thai Chana system upon arrival and "check-out" upon departure. As of February 2020, the system is available on its website and its Android mobile application. On its first day of operation, the system was deployed by more than 44,000 stores and was checked-in by more than 2 million users.
According to the official statement, goal of the system is to "determine the crowdedness of the given business location, so that the business owner can manage the visitors' admission" and to "trace the visitors [in case got infected] and track down those with close contact to them based on their check-ins". However, many found that these goals have never been implemented throughout the pandemic.

## Criticisms

The system has been criticised for collecting certain aspects of users' private information that are deemed irreverent to the track-and-trace scheme and unnecessarily violating citizens' online privacy.

### Privacy

Poramet Minsiri, founder of Kapook.com [th] told BBC Thai that Thai Chana has made him realise that "[Thai] citizens' rights are so light". He further criticised the unnecessary collection of users' real-time location, amongst others, as a violation of online privacy. Human rights academics Sarueni Achawananthakun criticised its lack of transparency on data collection. She further questioned the extent of involvement of Krungthai Bank given its for-profit status.

### Spam messages

Not long after Thai Chana launched, many iPhone and iOS users in Thailand received spam messages via iMessage advertising online casino scams. Many netizens accused the government's Thai Chana for possible leakage of many telephone numbers to third parties. However, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society declined all claims.
# Gō (given name)

Gō, Go, Gou or Goh (written: 豪, 剛 or 郷) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Go Aoki (青木 豪, born 1999), Japanese curler
* Go Arisue (有末 剛), Japanese bondage artist
* Go Aruga (有賀 剛, born 1978), Japanese rugby union player
* Gō Ayano (綾野 剛, born 1982), Japanese actor
* Go Hatano (波多野 豪, born 1998), Japanese footballer
* Go Hayama (端山 豪, born 1993), Japanese footballer
* Go Higaki (桧垣 豪, born 1976), Japanese golfer
* Gō Ikeyamada (池山田 剛), Japanese female manga artist
* Go Iwase (磐瀬 剛, born 1995), Japanese footballer
* Go Jibiki (地曵 豪, born 1976), Japanese actor
* Go Kaburaki (鏑木 豪, born 1977), Japanese footballer
* Go Kamamoto (釜元 豪, born 1993), Japanese baseball player
* Go Matsumoto (松本 剛, born 1993), Japanese baseball player
* Go Murayama (村山 豪, born 1998), Japanese volleyball player
* Go Nagai (永井 豪, born 1945), Japanese manga artist and writer
* Go Nagaoka (長岡 郷, born 1984), Japanese footballer
* Goh Nakamura, American musician, film score composer and actor
* Go Nishida (西田 剛, born 1986), Japanese footballer
* Go Oiwa (大岩 剛, born 1972), Japanese footballer and manager
* Go Osaka (逢坂 剛, born 1943), Japanese writer
* Gō Rijū (利重 剛, born 1962), Japanese film director and actor
* Go Shibata (柴田 剛, born 1975), Japanese film director
* Go Shiina (椎名 豪, born 1974), Japanese anime and video game composer
* Go Shiozaki (潮﨑 豪, born 1982), Japanese professional wrestler
* Go Soeda (添田 豪, born 1984), Japanese tennis player
* Gō Takamine (高嶺 剛, born 1948), Japanese film director
* Go Togashi (富樫 豪, born 1984), Japanese footballer
* Gō Wakabayashi (若林 豪, born 1939), Japanese actor
* Go Yamamoto (山元 豪, born 1995), Japanese Nordic combined skier
* Go Yokoyama (横山 剛, born 1983), Japanese kickboxer
* Gō Zappa (雑破 業, born 1970), Japanese writer and anime screenwriter
# Portrait of an Assassin

Portrait of an Assassin (French: Portrait d'un assassin) is a 1949 French drama thriller film directed by Bernard-Roland and starring Maria Montez, Erich von Stroheim, Arletty and Pierre Brasseur.

## Plot

Christina (Montez) is the sadistic manager of a circus show, who uses her attractiveness to seduce men and force them to do dangerous acrobatic acts. One such lover, Eric (Von Stroheim), became handicapped.
Christina seduces Fabius (Brasseur) but his wife Martha (Arletty), turns up and performs the acrobatic act and dies. Fabius then murders Christina in revenge, does the act himself, survives and confesses.

## Cast

* Maria Montez as Lucienne de Rinck
* Erich von Stroheim as Eric (as Eric von Stroheim)
* Arletty as Martha
* Pierre Brasseur as Fabius / Jean
* Marcel Dalio as Fred dit Bébé (as Dalio)
* Marcel Dieudonné as Prosper
* Les Fratellini as Eux-mêmes
* Jules Berry as Pfeiffer

## Production

The movie was financed by a French furrier. It was originally announced that the film would be called Portrait of a Murderer and would star Maria Montez and Orson Welles. "Could be the battlingest picture of the century", wrote Hedda Hopper.
Orson Welles and Charles Lederer were meant to do some work on the film. The producer Jacques Gauthier sued them for $1 million each for non performance.
Reportedly Montez and Arletty feuded during filming causing retakes to be required.
# Ipotești, Suceava

Ipotești (German: Ipotestie) is a commune located in Suceava County, in the historical region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania. It is composed of three villages: Ipotești, Lisaura, and Tișăuți. The commune is primarily inhabited by Romanians.

## Administration and local politics
### Commune council

The commune's current local council has the following political composition, according to the results of the 2020 Romanian local elections:
| Party | Seats |
| National Liberal Party (PNL) | 7 |
| Social Democratic Party (PSD) | 3 |
| People's Movement Party (PMP) | 3 |
| PRO Romania (PRO) | 2 |

## Natives

* Teoctist Blajevici (1807 – 1879), Romanian Orthodox cleric