OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ludwig Winter

Ludwig Winter (August 9, 1846 – July 12, 1912) was a German botanist, nurseryman and landscape designer, creator of gardens such as the Giardini Botanici Hanbury, noted for introducing tall palms and other foreign species to the Ligurian riviera.

## Biography

Born in Prussia, the son of a bookseller, the family moved to Leipzig where he studied botany and became a gardener at Erfurt.
After two years at Erfurt he went to the School of Horticulture in Potsdam, graduating in Botanics, and then became head gardener at the Botanical Garden of Poppelsdorf near Bonn. In 1867 he went to the Paris World Exposition and settled there, working first as a labourer and then as head gardener in the Tuileries Garden.
As the Franco-Prussian War approached, the increasingly tense atmosphere in Paris forced Winter to move south via Marseilles and Cannes to Hyères in the Côte d'Azur, where he worked as a plant illustrator for Charles Huber Freres & Co, a prominent nursery and principal source of novelty plants during that period.
In 1869, Thomas Hanbury began work on his botanical gardens at Mortola and engaged Winter as a botanist. He devoted himself to this garden for five years, importing a wide variety of plants from Australia, New Zealand and California and acclimatising them to Liguria. When the work at Mortola was complete in 1874, Winter moved to Bordighera from where he designed and collaborated on many gardens, parks and nurseries on the Ligurian Riviera and the Costa Azzurra, as well as introducing and breeding roses, acacias and other flowers.
In 1875, he created an experimental nursery at Vallone del Sasso, where he brought a wealth of rare tropical plants including palms, lianas and ficus. He designed beautiful gardens, such as those for the Empress Eugenie at Cap Martin, Prince Hohenlohe in San Remo, the Countess Foucher de Careil in Mentone, Villa Zirio in San Remo, Villa Bischoffsheim in Bordighera and Borgo Storico Seghetti Panichi in Ascoli Piceno. The most celebrated is the Giardino di Madonna della Ruota, on the road between Bordighera and Ospedaletti.

## Gardens and parks

Five of Winter's gardens survive:
* Giardini Botanici Hanbury at Mortola, Ventimiglia
* La Madonna della Ruota, Bordighera
* Villa Wilmott, Imperia
* Winter Gardens, Vallone del Sasso, Bordighera
* Borgo Storico Seghetti Panichi, Ascoli Piceno

## Plant breeding

Hybrids bred by Winter include
* Acacia x deneufvillei, Acacia x hanburyana, Acacia x siebertiana
# Velbastaður

Velbastaður (Danish: Velbestad) is a village on the island of Streymoy in the Faroe Islands. It is a part of Tórshavn Municipality and is considered among the oldest settlements in the islands. There are two schools and one kindergarten in the village, with children coming from the neighboring village of Kirkjubø as well the capital at Tórshavn.

## Geography

Velbastaður is on Streymoy’s west coast in the south of the island, north of the ferry port of Gamlarætt and about five kilometres from Kirkjubøur. It has a beautiful view across the strait of Hestsfjørður towards the islands of Hestur and Koltur. The islands of Vágar and Mykines can be seen further to the west, and Sandoy further to the south.

## History

Archaeological finds have unearthed artifacts possible dating as far back as the Viking age, but most locations used in those times have washed into the sea now. Velbastaður is located nearly in the center of the archipelago, and close to the old Thing in Tórshavn across the mountain. This would support the idea that there has been a shrine at Velbastaður. Tórshavn means the harbor of Thor. It was a natural harbor and would be a good place for travelers to land their ships and boats, and complete the travel overland, if conditions on the southwestern coast were disagreeable.
The location of Kirkjubø, only 5 km to the south east on the same coast, supports the notion that there was a heathen shrine at Velbastað. The early Christian church would often locate their headquarters as close as possible to sacred heathen locations, making it easier to subdue and convert the most hardcore supporters of the old faiths.
The village was deserted for some time after the Black Death in 1349. The population of the village has increased in recent years from 134 in 1990, to 220 in 2015, mainly due to its close proximity to the capital Tórshavn, while still preserving the feeling of living in the countryside. A new residential and industrial area is being built on the rocks being excavated from the Sandoy tunnel.

### Name origin

The place name Velbastaður is unique in the Faroes as it is the only settlement with the ending staður, meaning place or location. The name is by many considered the same as the Old Norse Vébólstaðr, meaning farm with a Vé or shrine. Vé (from the Old Norse) was a type of sacred enclosure or a sanctuary. Locations with similar prefixes of Ve and histories of sacred locations, can be found several places in Norway, such as Vebbestad in Kvæstad, Troms or Veibust, in Sula, Møre og Romsdal.
# Brown River (Québec–Maine)

46°55′25″N 69°37′48″W﻿ / ﻿46.923699°N 69.629964°W﻿ / 46.923699; -69.629964 The Brown River (French: rivière Brown) is a tributary of the Depot River, flowing in Quebec, Canada, in the municipality of Saint-Adalbert, in L'Islet Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, and in Aroostook County, Maine, United States, in Township T13 R16 Wels, in the North Maine Woods. Its course runs entirely through forested region in a plain in Quebec and in a valley south of the Canada-US border.
The upper hydrographic watershed of the Brown River is accessible in Quebec by the road of 5th range West, Route 204 West, Bélanger Road and 8th range West. The segment flowing in Maine is accessible by forest roads along the Depot River.

## Geography

The source of the river Brown begins with a mountain stream in Saint-Adalbert, Quebec. This source is located at:
* 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi) at Northwest of the border between Quebec and Maine;
* 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) at Northwest from the village center of Saint-Adalbert, Quebec;
* 8.6 kilometres (5.3 mi) at Southwest of the confluence of the "River Brown".
From its source, "Brown River" flows over 11.2 kilometres (7.0 mi) as follows:
River Brown Headwaters (segment of 8.2 kilometres (5.1 mi) flowing in Quebec)
* 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) to the South in Saint-Adalbert, Quebec, forming a curve to the west, until the route 204;
* 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi) Eastward passing at the North of the "Bellevue Mountain" up to the road of the Mountain;
* 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the Southeast, up to the road of 8th range West;
* 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) to the Southeast, up to the Canada-US border.
Lower river courses Brown (segment de 3.0 kilometres (1.9 mi) flowing in the Maine)
* 3.0 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the southeast in a small valley basin, then in a plain to the confluence of the river.
This confluence is located:
* 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the southeast of the Canada-US border;
* 37.8 kilometres (23.5 mi) to the Southwest of the confluence of the Big Black River (Saint John River).
"The River Brown" pours on the west bank of the Depot River which flows North, South East and North again, up to the Big Black River (Saint John River) (French: Grande rivière Noire), in Aroostook County. The latter flows Northeast zigzagging up to a river bend of Saint John River where it pours on the West bank. It flows to the East, then Southeast through all the New Brunswick and pours on the North bank of the Bay of Fundy which opens to the Southwest on the Atlantic Ocean.

## Toponymy

The place name "rivière Brown" (French: "Brown River") was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec (Quebec Places Names Board).
# Cada

Cada may refer to:

## People

* David Čada (born 1986), Czech football player
* Joe Cada (born 1987), American poker player
* Josef Čada (1881–1959), Czech gymnast
* Petra Cada (born 1979), Canadian table tennis player

## Places

* Azohouè-Cada, Benin
* Tori-Cada, Benin

## Other

* CADA, Argentine Athletics Confederation
* CADA, Australian radio station
* CaDA Bricks, a Chinese toy manufacturer
* Cada is Spanish for every and each. All pages with titles containing Cada
# Kupfermühle

Kupfermühle (Danish: Kobbermølle, both names meaning "copper mill") is a village located north of Flensburg in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is located near the Flensburg Fjord just south of the easternmost part of the Danish-German border.

## Overview

Kupfermühle belonged to Bov Parish until the establishment of the present border, when the rest of the parish became Danish following the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites. The village now belongs to the Gemeinde Harrislee.
Kupfermühle was the home of the first factory in Schleswig, which is the reason behind the settlement's name. The copper mill was founded by king Christian IV of Denmark and Norway in 1612 and produced finished copper products and later also products in brass. Among its products were pipes and sheet copper for copper roofs but also utensils such as buckets, pots, kettles and candlesticks. The copper production flourished in 1914, when the factory employed more than 200 workers. It went bankrupt in 1962.
Both the 17th century factory buildings and the workers' residences are preserved. The latter are known in Danish as nyboder and show great similarities with Christian's contemporary buildings in the Copenhagen district of Nyboder. The village is now home to a museum which displays many copper and brass products produced by the mill.
Many of the residents in Kupfermühle belong to the Danish minority of Southern Schleswig. A Danish school, Kobbermølle Skole, is located in the neighbouring village, Wassersleben.

## Literature

* Jens-Peter Hansen (1994): Kobbermøllen ved Krusaa, Foreningen til Gamle Bygningers Bevaring (in Danish)
* Kurt Andresen: Ortsentwicklung und Alltagsleben im Dorf Kupfermühle, Herausgeber: Gemeinde Harrislee (in German)
# Elias Atallah

Elias G. Atallah (Arabic: إلياس عطا الله; born 1947), is a Lebanese politician and an elected member of parliament during the 2005 elections. He is also the chairperson of the Democratic Left Movement, and a prominent member in the March 14 Alliance. He was born in the Chouf region and has a degree in psychology and philosophy from the Lebanese University.

## Political activities

He joined the Lebanese Communist Party in 1971, and was a prominent member in the Lebanese National Movement that included George Hawi, Kamal Jumblatt and other Lebanese leftist politicians and intellectuals. In 1982, he took part in the resistance against the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. As of 2000, he was the leader of the party.
His fierce criticism against the Lebanese Communist Party's policies, especially its positive attitude towards the Syrian occupation of Lebanon and his rejection of the communist ideology, led him in 2004 to form, with a group of Lebanese intellectuals including Samir Kassir, The Democratic Left Movement.In which, he was elected as its chairperson on 17 October 2004 and was reelected in April 2007.
After the Syrian army withdrew from Lebanon, he was elected as the representative of the Maronite seat in Tripoli, during the 2005 Lebanese parliamentary elections. In which, he became the first MP to represent a leftist secular political party in the Lebanese parliament.
# Sengers syndrome

Sengers syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease characterised by congenital cataract, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness and lactic acidosis after exercise. Biallelic pathogenic mutations in the AGK gene, which encodes the acylglycerol kinase enzyme, cause Sengers syndrome. In addition, heart disease and muscle disease are prevalent, meaning that life expectancy is short for many patients.

## Signs and symptoms

Cataracts often develop shortly after birth or at the time of birth. It may be necessary to have early surgery if they are dense enough to impair vision. Despite this, visual rehabilitation is less than ideal since vision is rarely normal and many children attend special schools for the blind.
Additionally, skeletal muscles and the heart become weak because of this disorder. Common symptoms include fatigue, muscle weakness, and floppiness (hypotonia). It is often seen following exercise that you develop lactic acidosis, which is a medical condition that requires prompt treatment. A thickened heart muscle impairs its pumping ability (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). The generalized muscle weakness can cause motor development to be delayed, despite normal intelligence.

## Genetics

This disease is caused by mutations in AGK or SLC25A4 genes. The AGK gene encodes the mitochondrial acylglycerol kinase which plays a role in the assembly of adenine nucleotide translocator. The SLC25A4 gene encodes the heart and muscle-specific isoform 1 of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator.

## Diagnosis

The diagnosis may be provisionally made on clinical grounds. Ophthalmologists, neurologists, cardiologists, and pediatricians are some of the specialists who can make the diagnosis. Because of the widespread impact of the disease, it is most likely to be a collaborative effort. Acute lactic acidosis and heart disease are the greatest threats to life and must be treated promptly. Yet, more than half of newborns die before they reach their second birthday, and some live a decade or more. In terms of severity, there is a considerable range. Further diagnostic tests include serum and urine analysis for lactic acid, a chest X-ray (or cardiac CT or MRI) and echocardiography. Biopsies from cardiac and skeletal muscle will show the presence of lipid and glycogen. Testing for mitochondrial abnormalities, ANT deficiency, and decreases of respiratory chain complexes I and IV can also be done.

### Differential diagnosis

* Isolated ATP synthase deficiency
* Barth syndrome
* TMEM70 deficiency

## Treatment

Surgery for cataracts may be needed. Medical treatment for cardiac failure will be required. Treatment is otherwise supportive.

## Prognosis

About half the patients die within the first year of life. Because of its rarity, the prognosis for the chronic form is not well established but survival into adulthood has been reported.

## Epidemiology

Sengers syndrome is a rare disorder. About 40 cases have been reported worldwide.

## History

This condition was first described in 1975.
# Roskilde Municipality

Roskilde Municipality (Danish: Roskilde Kommune) is a kommune in the Region Sjælland, 30 km west of Copenhagen on the island of Zealand in east Denmark.
The biggest city is Roskilde, the municipality covers an area of 212 km$^2$, and it has a total population of 90,931 (2024). Its current mayor is Tomas Breddam. He is a member of Socialdemokraterne.
Neighboring municipalities are Egedal to the northeast, Greve and Solrød to the southeast, Høje-Taastrup to the east, Køge to the south and Lejre to the west. To the north-west is Roskilde Fjord.
Roskilde University is located in the municipality.
By January 1, 2007 the former Roskilde municipality was merged with Gundsø and Ramsø municipalities into the current one, as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007). The name of the new municipality is still "Roskilde Kommune". The town hall is situated in the city of Roskilde, at Køgevej 80. It is the former county hall of Roskilde County.

## Urban areas

The ten largest urban areas in the municipality are:
| # | Locality | Population |
| 1 | Roskilde | 52,580 |
| 2 | Jyllinge | 10,701 |
| 3 | Viby | 4,814 |
| 4 | Svogerslev | 4,313 |
| 5 | Gundsømagle | 2,733 |
| 6 | Vindinge | 3,087 |
| 7 | Gadstrup | 2,006 |
| 8 | Ågerup | 1,746 |
| 9 | Veddelev | 1,134 |
| 10 | Vor Frue | 702 |

## Economy

Companies with headquarters in Roskilde municipality
* DLF
* Argo
* Top-Toy A/S (Danish Division of MGA Entertainment)
* CRH Concrete (Danish division of CRH plc)
* Bankernes EDB Central
* Stryhn's
* Roskilde Forsyning
* DanÆg

## Politics
### Municipal council

Roskilde's municipal council consists of 31 members, elected every four years.
Below are the municipal councils elected since the Municipal Reform of 2007.
| Election | Party | Party | Party | Party | Party | Party | Party | Total seats | Turnout | Elected mayor |
| Election | A | B | C | F | O | V | Ø | Total seats | Turnout | Elected mayor |
| 2005 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 31 | 71.8% | Poul Lindor Nielsen (A) |
| 2009 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 31 | 67.7% | Poul Lindor Nielsen (A) |
| 2013 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 31 | 73.7% | Joy Mogensen (A) |
| 2017 | 16 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 31 | 74.1% | Joy Mogensen (A) |
| Data from Kmdvalg.dk 2005, 2009, 2013 and 2017 |||||||||||

## Government

Accident Investigation Board Denmark is headquartered in Roskilde in Roskilde Municipality.
# Shaarada

Sharada Municipality (Nepali: शारदा नगरपालिका) is a municipality located in Salyan District of Karnali Province in western Nepal. This municipality was formed on May 18, 2014. It was formed by merging seven Village Development Committees: Dandagaun, Hiwalcha, Kajeri, Khalanga, Marke, Saijuwal Takura and Syanikhal.
At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 6,390. According to the latest census from 2011, the population in the meantime has increased to 23,730.

## Demographics

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Sharada Municipality had a population of 34,242. Of these, 99.1% spoke Nepali, 0.5% Newar and 0.1% other languages as their first language.
In terms of ethnicity/caste, 62.6% were Chhetri, 8.2% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 7.7% Kami, 5.9% Magar, 3.2% Sarki, 3.1% Newar, 3.0% Hill Brahmin, 2.9% Thakuri, 1.7% Damai/Dholi, 0.4% Badi, 0.3% Gaine, 0.3% Rai, 0.2% other Terai, 0.1% Gharti/Bhujel, 0.1% Musalman, 0.1% Tharu and 0.3% others.
In terms of religion, 97.8% were Hindu, 1.7% Christian, 0.1% Muslim and 0.3% others.
In terms of literacy, 69.9% could read and write, 5.0% could only read and 24.5% could neither read nor write.

## Climate

Climate data for Shaarada (Salyan Bazar), elevation 1,457 m (4,780 ft) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) | 17.4 (63.3) | 22.5 (72.5) | 27.3 (81.1) | 29.0 (84.2) | 27.5 (81.5) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.8 (78.4) | 25.2 (77.4) | 23.8 (74.8) | 20.2 (68.4) | 17.3 (63.1) | 23.1 (73.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) | 7.0 (44.6) | 12.2 (54.0) | 16.5 (61.7) | 17.8 (64.0) | 18.0 (64.4) | 17.8 (64.0) | 17.6 (63.7) | 16.4 (61.5) | 13.8 (56.8) | 9.0 (48.2) | 6.2 (43.2) | 13.2 (55.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36.8 (1.45) | 32.4 (1.28) | 30.7 (1.21) | 29.2 (1.15) | 60.8 (2.39) | 182.4 (7.18) | 278.6 (10.97) | 230.9 (9.09) | 128.6 (5.06) | 46.5 (1.83) | 7.3 (0.29) | 17.4 (0.69) | 1,081.6 (42.59) |
| Source 1: Australian National University ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Japan International Cooperation Agency (precipitation) ||||||||||||||
# Theodoros Negris

Theodoros Negris (Greek: Θεόδωρος Νέγρης, Constantinople, c. 1790 – Nafplio, 22 November 1824) was a Greek politician.

## Biography

He was born in Constantinople. He was from an old noble family that descended from Genoa. His father was George Negris. His cousins Alexander Negris and Konstantinos Negris also participated in the Greek war of Independence. Both became prominent university professors. The family's wealth allowed Theodoros to receive a good education. In 1818 he was initiated into Filiki Eteria (Society of Friends) and became one of its most active members. He served as secretary to the hospodar of Moldavia Scarlat Callimachi, and in early 1821 he was appointed Ottoman envoy to Paris. On his way, however, he received news on the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, and went secretly to Greece. Following the massacre against the Greek population in Constantinople, his father was beheaded by the Ottomans.
Negris arrived on the island of Spetses in Ottoman dress, and was almost lynched by the crowd, but was saved by Neofytos Vamvas. His cousin Konstantinos Negris became his student. Theodoros joined fellow Phanariotes Alexandros Mavrokordatos and Kostakis Karatzas. On 19 November 1821, he participated in the establishment of the Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece, becoming its first president.
He took part in the First National Assembly at Epidaurus and the Second National Assembly at Astros, after which he switched camps and allied with Theodoros Kolokotronis and Odysseas Androutsos against Mavrokordatos. As the power of the Areopagus declined in favour of the central provisional government, so Negris too began to be sidelined and lose his influence.
He died on 22 November 1824 of typhus in Nafplio.
# Melbourne Weekender

Melbourne Weekender is an Australian travel and lifestyle show featuring various locations in Melbourne and Victoria, and showing destinations and experiences which can be enjoyed on a weekend. The weekly, half-hour program is produced by Seven Productions.

## History

The series made its debut on 6 August 2005, gracing screens every Saturday at 5:30 pm. Initially hosted by Peter Mitchell, then later transitioned to Jo Silvagni. Produced by Dreampool Productions, the show showcased a dynamic roster of hosts exploring a multitude of themes ranging from gardening, pet care, and home improvement to fishing, boating, dining, entertainment, and recommendations for family outings across Melbourne.
On 27 June 2015, the show returned to air with host Cameron Ling and a team of reporters. A revival in 2019 was titled "The Great Weekend" and was presented by Jane Bunn, Brian Taylor, Jack Riewoldt, Brooke Hogan and Pete Lazer. The Great Weekend premiered on 24 February 2019 in Melbourne, screening nationally on 7two. In November 2019, the Seven Network announced the show had been cancelled with final episodes screening in early 2020.
In April 2024, the Seven Network revived Melbourne Weekender with a new presenting team consisting of Nicky Buckley, Gary Mehigan, Bonnie Anderson, Brad Hodge, Jane Bunn, Sonia Marinelli and Abbey Holmes. The show began airing from 14 April 2024 in a 5:30 pm timeslot.

## Presenters
### Current

* Jane Bunn
* Bonnie Anderson
* Gary Mehigan
* Nicky Buckley
* Sonia Marinelli
* Brad Hodge
* Abbey Holmes

### Past

* Cameron Ling
* Katrina Warren
* Matthew Richardson
* Erica Davis
* Bree Laughlin
* Jade Robran
* Russell Gilbert
* Cindy Sargon
* Kayne Tremills
* Peter Mitchell
* Mel Kotsos
* Andrew Laidlaw
* Arni Sleemen
* Reuben Buchanan
* Andrew Morley
# Harald Arbin

Gustaf Harald Arbin (ne Andersson, 4 August 1867 – 31 July 1944) was a Swedish diver, track and field athlete, and rower. He competed in diving (10 m platform) at the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics and finished sixth in 1912.
Arbin won Swedish titles in several track and field disciplines, including the 100 metres, 110 metres hurdles, long jump and javelin throw. He broke Swedish records in the 100 m (10.8 seconds), 200 metres (26.4 seconds) and the long jump (6.03 metres). His performance of 10.8 seconds for the 100 m, set in Helsingborg in 1896, ranked as an unofficial world record for the distance. This stood until 1906, when fellow Swede Knut Lindberg recorded a time of 10.6 seconds.