OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Banphikot Rural Municipality

Banphikot (Nepali: बाँफिकोट गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality located in Western Rukum District of Karnali Province of Nepal. According to 2011 Census conducted by Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Banphikot Rural Municipality had total population of 18,696. Banphikot Rural Municipality was established in 2015 through the merging five the former Village development committees of Aathbiskot, Pipal, Duli (ward no. 4, 5 &6) and Magma (ward no. 1-6 & 9). This Municipality shares boarder with Sisne Rural Municipality (East Rukum district) in the East, Sani Bheri Rural Municipality in the West, Aathbiskot Municipality in the North, and Musikot Municipality in the South.

## Demographics

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Banphikot Rural Municipality had a population of 18,696. Of these, 99.8% spoke Nepali and 0.1% other languages as their first language.
In terms of ethnicity/caste, 55.5% were Chhetri, 12.0% Kami, 9.7% Magar, 8.9% Thakuri, 7.2% Hill Brahmin, 4.2% Damai/Dholi, 1.4% Sarki, 0.4% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.2% Gaine, 0.1% Badi, 0.1% other Dalit, 0.1% Gurung and 0.1% others.
In terms of religion, 99.1% were Hindu, 0.4% Christian, 0.2% Buddhist and 0.3% others.
In terms of literacy, 61.0% could read and write, 3.1% could only read and 35.8% could neither read nor write.
# Mobarezabad

Mobarezabad (Persian: مبارزاباد, also Romanized as Mobārezābād) is a village in Choghamish Rural District, Choghamish District, Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 10 families.
# Yoma Paw Kya Tae Myet Yay

Yoma Paw Kya Tae Myet Yay (Burmese: ရိုးမပေါ်ကျတဲ့မျက်ရည်) is a 2019 Burmese drama film starring Myint Myat, Htoo Aung, Aung Yay Chan, Kaung Myat San, Lin Aung Khit, Eaindra Kyaw Zin, Khine Thin Kyi, May Myint Mo. The film, produced by Bo Bo Film Production premiered in Myanmar on November 7, 2019.

## Cast

* Myint Myat as Tin Maung Win
* Htoo Aung as Aung Lwin
* Aung Yay Chan as Win Chit
* Kaung Myat San as San Naing
* Lin Aung Khit as Hla Win Aung
* Eaindra Kyaw Zin as Ko Toe
* Khine Thin Kyi as Phyu Phyu Myint
* May Myint Mo as Malar
* Khin Hlaing as Tin Soe
* Min Thu as U Khin Maung
* Thel Nandar Soe as Khin Mar Aye
* Zaw Maing as Po Daung
# Nobabpur KC

Nobabpur KC (Bengali: নবাবপুর কেসি), also referred as Nawabpur KC, is a Bangladeshi football club based in Nobabpur, Dhaka. It currently competes in the Dhaka Senior Division League, the third-tier of Bangladeshi football.

## Current squad

    As of 31 July 2024
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | BAN | Prodip Kumar |
| 2 | DF | BAN | Misbah Uddin |
| 3 | DF | BAN | Sumon Biswas |
| 4 | DF | BAN | Md Sohel Rana |
| 5 | DF | BAN | Ekramul Haque |
| 6 | MF | BAN | Rejaul Karim |
| 7 | MF | BAN | Md Shagar |
| 8 | MF | BAN | Md Zeon Sarker |
| 9 | FW | BAN | Sabuj Roy |
| 10 | FW | BAN | Md Toriqul Islam Jufikar (Captain) |
| 11 | FW | BAN | Md Anik Hossain |
| 12 | MF | BAN | Ariful Islam |
| 13 | DF | BAN | Md Noyon Holader |
| 14 | MF | BAN | Md Safayet Bishwas |
| 15 | MF | BAN | Bijoy Chandra Shil |
| 16 | MF | BAN | Muhammad Razib |
| 17 | MF | BAN | Mohammed Arman |
| 18 | DF | BAN | Proloy Chandra Das |
| 19 | FW | BAN | Sayef Hosen Joy |
| 20 | FW | BAN | Kaftus Taius |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 21 | FW | BAN | Md Sarjan Mia |
| 22 | GK | BAN | Md Aminul Islam Rony |
| 23 | DF | BAN | Md Roton |
| 25 | GK | BAN | Mohammad Jobir |
| 27 | DF | BAN | Jahangir Alom |
| 28 | DF | BAN | Md Mokter Hossain |
| 30 | GK | BAN | Md Miraj Sarder |
| 33 | DF | BAN | Sajjadul Islam |
| 40 | DF | BAN | Md Hasib Zidan |
| 44 | MF | BAN | Rafayat Mashrafi |
| 50 | FW | BAN | Mubbashir Ebnay Mamun Jahin |
| 55 | DF | BAN | Mohammad Rabbi Kha |
| 70 | MF | BAN | Rabbi Hossain |
| 77 | MF | BAN | Mohammad Habibullah |
| 99 | MF | BAN | Md Omor Faruk |

## Personnel
### Current coaching staff

    As of 1 July 2024
| Position | Name |
| Team Manager | Abul Hossain Pappu |
| Team Leader | SM Mamun Ar Rashid |
| Assistant Manager | Tanvir Hossain Bhuiyan |
| Head Coach | Monowar Hossain |
| Assistant Coach | Nipu Das |
| Media Manager | Md Monir Hossain Sardar |
| Equipment Manager | Md Lutfor Rahman |
| Ball Boy | Md Yeasin Santo |

## Team records
### Head coaches record

    As of 31 July 2024
| Head Coach | From | To | P | W | D | L | GS | GA | %W |
| Monowar Hossain | 1 May 2024 | Present | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | !— |

## Honours

* Dhaka Second Division League
** Champions (1): 2016–17
* Dhaka Third Division League
** Champions (1): 2013
* Pioneer League
** Champions (1): 2011
# Godawari Khola

Godawari River (Nepali: गोदावरी खोला) are two different rivers (tributaries), located in two different regions of Nepal.

## Godawari Khola (Bagmati)

Godawari Khola is a tributary of Bagmati River of Nepal. It is a sacred river for Hindus. Every twelve years, Pushkaram fair is held on its banks of the river. Godawari, Lalitpur (municipality) is named after this river. total area of naudhara= 0.011km^2

## Godawari Khola (Sudurpashchim)

Godawari River in Sudurpashchim is also a tributary of Ghaghra River. It is also understood a sacred river of Nepal. Godawari, Sudurpashchim (Capital of Sudurpashchim Province) was named after this river. Godawari Makar Mela (fair) held on the river of Godawari in Godawari Municipality.
# Vassilis Pachnis

Vassilis Pachnis Greek: Βασίλης Πάχνης is a Greek medical researcher who is Senior Group Leader in the Development and Homeostasis of the Nervous System Laboratory at the Francis Crick Institute.

## Education

Pachnis was born and raised in Greece. He graduated from the University of Athens in 1980 where he studied Medicine. From 1980 until 1986 he worked for his PhD in the laboratory of Shirley Tilghman at the University of Pennsylvania and the Fox Chase Cancer Center where his research identified and characterised the H19 gene.

## Career and research

From 1986 until 1991 he did postdoctoral research in the laboratories of Richard Axel and Frank Costantini at Columbia University. In 1991 he moved to the UK and since then has been a research group leader, first at the Medical Research Council (MRC) National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) and subsequently at the Francis Crick Institute.

### Awards and honours

Pachnis was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2018 and awarded membership of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in 2007.
# Malaka Saad

Malaka Saad (Arabic: ملكة سعد) was a Lebanese journalist and author of al-Jins al-Latif magazine (Arabic: الجنس اللطيف). Her work was important for the development of the women's movement in Egypt.

## Biography

Very little is known about Malaka Saad's personal life, other than the fact that she spent most of it in Egypt. One possible reason for her stay in Egypt is that freedom of speech was more prevalent there than in Ottoman-occupied Arab states like Lebanon and Syria. In Egypt, Arab authors had better opportunities to publish their works in their native language. Malaka stressed the importance of involving women alongside men.

## Philosophical and political views

The opinions expressed in Saad's magazine, al-Jins al-Latif (Arabic: الجنس اللطيف), cover topics such as gender equality and marriageable age. The magazine's publications have moved away from any political affiliation and instead focused on its goal which, as Saad stated, is "to empower women as human beings who know that freedom is not about makeup, wearing luxurious clothes, showing off, and lacking self-restraint."
In her magazine, Saad called for gender equality and the ability of women to work in all sectors. This was influenced by the Women's Revolution of 1919 in Egypt. She believed that women's mental liberation was more important than their physical liberation, which, in her opinion, was useless for both women and their society.

## Published works

Malaka Saad published her own magazine under the title al-Jins al-Latif (Arabic: الجنس اللطيف). The first publication of this magazine came out on 5 July 1908. Subsequent editions of the magazine were published monthly.
Her writings had Eastern women as a target audience with five main principles:
* Improve the status of Eastern women to achieve equality of status between them and Western women.
* Inform Eastern women of their status in relation to men.
* Make Eastern women understand their responsibility towards their country, family, children, and husbands.
* Help Eastern women get rid of the preconceived ideas of established customs and traditions.
* Soothe the minds of Eastern women's by occasionally including jokes
# Ain Sokhna

Al-'Ain al-Sokhna (Arabic: العين السخنة, romanized: al-ʿAyn as-Sukhna Egyptian Arabic pronunciation:, "the Hot Spring") is a town in the Suez Governorate, lying on the western shore of the Red Sea's Gulf of Suez. It is situated 55 kilometres (34 mi) south of Suez and approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) east of Cairo.

## History

Recent archaeological excavations have shown that there was an ancient Egyptian port and settlement in this area. The site was first brought to attention in 1999 by Professor Mahmud Abd El Raziq. French and Egyptian archaeologists have been investigating this area since that time. It can be compared with the port of Mersa Gawasis further south. It connected the mining areas of the Sinai with Memphis some 120 km across the Eastern Desert, important for turquoise and copper.

### Early Bronze

As early as the Old Kingdom, seafaring expeditions on the Red Sea were organized from this port. Similar material was also found at the Wadi Maghareh, where many Old Kingdom inscriptions are found.

### Middle Bronze

In the Middle Kingdom, activity continued along the Red Sea and across to the mining areas in the Sinai.

#### Eleventh Dynasty

In Year 1 of Mentuhotep IV, an expedition of 3,000 men was sent to bring back "products the desert".

#### Twelfth Dynasty

Some 4,000 men were sent in an expedition during the reign of Amenemhat I. In Year 9 of Senusret I and Year 2 of Amenemhat II more expeditions were sent. Ity, son of Isis, was an official serving Amenemhat II and he also has two inscriptions at Wadi Maghara dated to the same year. Ten storage galleries cut into the rock has yielded items, including wooden boat planks, ceramics from the 12th Dynasty, and a gold pendant with parallels to some found at Dahshur dating to the reign of Senusret III.

## Climate

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh), as the rest of Egypt.
Climate data for Ain Sokhna :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18 (64) | 19 (66) | 22 (72) | 27 (81) | 31 (88) | 33 (91) | 34 (93) | 34 (93) | 31 (88) | 29 (84) | 24 (75) | 19 (66) | 27 (80) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7 (45) | 7 (45) | 9 (48) | 12 (54) | 16 (61) | 19 (66) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 19 (66) | 16 (61) | 13 (55) | 8 (46) | 14 (57) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 4 (0.2) | 22 (1) |
| Average rainy days | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 21 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 10 |
| Source: Weather2Travel ||||||||||||||
Ain Sokhna mean sea temperature :
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
| 22 °C (72 °F) | 21 °C (70 °F) | 21 °C (70 °F) | 23 °C (73 °F) | 24 °C (75 °F) | 26 °C (79 °F) | 27 °C (81 °F) | 28 °C (82 °F) | 28 °C (82 °F) | 27 °C (81 °F) | 25 °C (77 °F) | 23 °C (73 °F) |

## Economy

The town also has a port called Ain Sokhna port.
# Yajur, Haifa

Yajur (Arabic: ياجور, Yâjûr) was a Palestinian Arab village located 9.5 kilometres (5.9 mi) southeast of Haifa. It was depopulated during the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 25, 1948.

## History

Fragments of glass, and tombs with sarcophagi are located in the old village area today.
Yajur was mentioned as part of the domain of the Crusaders during the hudna (truce) between the Crusaders based in Acre and the Mamluk sultan Al Mansur Qalawun declared in 1283.

### Ottoman era

In 1799, it was noted on the map that Pierre Jacotin compiled that year, though it was misnamed as Beled el Charq (=Balad al-Sheikh).
In 1872, the Ottoman authorities sold land in Yajur to two Lebanese businessmen, Sursock and Salim al-Khuri.
In 1875, Victor Guérin found the village to have about 200 inhabitants, and that it was surrounded by fig and olive trees.
A population list from about 1887 showed that Yajur had about 150 inhabitants; all Muslims.
In the early twentieth century the village, named El-Yadschur, was noted with 153 inhabitants. The village had a mosque. It was also noted that the villagers no longer owned their land, as it was owned by a selim el-churi, who planned to start silk production in the village.

### British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine Yajur had a population of 202; all Muslims, while in the 1931 census it was counted with Nesher; together they had 1,449 inhabitants; 554 Muslim, 26 Christians and 858 Jews, in addition to 11 with no religion, in a total of 291 houses.
The area was acquired by the Jewish community as part of the Sursock Purchase. The Lebanese landowners sold land in Yajur to the Zionists, who in turn established the kibbutz of Yagur in 1922 on what had traditionally been village land.
The village population in the 1945 statistics was 610; 560 Muslims and 50 Christians, with a total of 2,720 dunams of land. Of this, Arabs used 57 dunums of land for plantations and irrigable land, 261 for cereals, while 18 dunams were classified as built-up land.

### 1948 and aftermath

Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel. In 1992, the village site was described: "No traces of the houses remain on the site, which is marked by numerous fig trees and a smaller number of olive trees." Kibbutz Yagur uses part of Yajur's former land for agriculture, with cement factories on another part.

## Gallery

* Yajur 1925
* Yajur 1926
* Yajur (Yagur) Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) map. 1875
* Yajur 1942 1:20,000
* Yajur 1945 1:250,000
# Combe Saragosse

Combe Saragosse (aka la Combe Saragosse) is a district of Besançon, capital and principal city of the Franche-Comté region in eastern France. One of the last urban area of Besançon, Combe Saragosse, is located in the northeast of the city, bordering the Orchamps and Palente.
47°16′04″N 6°01′53″E﻿ / ﻿47.26778°N 6.03139°E﻿ / 47.26778; 6.03139
# River, Cross My Heart

River, Cross My Heart is a debut novel by Breena Clarke. It was chosen in October 1999 as an Oprah Book Club selection: "This highly accomplished first novel resonates with ideas, impassioned lyricism, and poignant historical detail as it captures an essential part of the African-American experience in our century."

## Plot introduction

After the Potomac River claims the death by drowning of eight-year-old Clara Bynum, her family leave the rural world of North Carolina in search of a better life among friends and relatives in Georgetown, Washington, DC. They seek to come to terms with their loss.
# Tmesisternus pleuristictus

Tmesisternus pleuristictus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1867.
# Trachycentra

Trachycentra is a small genus of the fungus moth family, Tineidae. Therein, it belongs to the subfamily Hapsiferinae.
With eleven known species, this is one of the smaller genera of fungus moths:
* Trachycentra amphiloxa Meyrick, 1907
* Trachycentra calamias Meyrick, 1886
* Trachycentra chlorogramma Meyrick, 1907 (= T. aulacitis)
* Trachycentra cicatricosa Meyrick, 1922
* Trachycentra corethrodes (A.N.Diakonoff, 1968)
* Trachycentra elaeotropha Meyrick, 1933
* Trachycentra glaucias Meyrick, 1907
* Trachycentra prasina (A.N.Diakonoff, 1968)
* Trachycentra psorodes Meyrick, 1907
* Trachycentra rhynchitis Meyrick, 1938
* Trachycentra sagmatias Meyrick, 1907

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Robinson [2011]
# Church of the Cross (disambiguation)

Church of the Cross may refer to:
* Church of the Cross, a historic church on Calhoun Street in Bluffton, South Carolina.
* Church of the Cross, in Norwegian: Korskirken, a Church of the Church of Norway in Bergen, Norway.
* Church of the Cross, in German: Kreuzkirche, Dresden, a Church of the Evangelical Church in Germany in Dresden, Germany.
* Church of the Cross, Oslo (Norwegian: Korskirken), a former, small, Medieval parish church (Roman Catholic) in the Old Town of Oslo, Norway, now a ruin.
* Church of the Cross, Riga (Latvian: Krusta Evaņģēliski luteriskā baznīca), a Lutheran church in Riga, Latvia.
* Ristinkirkko, (English: Church of the Cross), the main church in Lahti, Finland, designed by Alvar Aalto
# Saraburi Hospital

Saraburi Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลสระบุรี) is the main hospital of Saraburi Province, Thailand and is classified under the Ministry of Public Health as a regional hospital. It has a CPIRD Medical Education Center which trains doctors for the Faculty of Medicine of Thammasat University.

## History

Saraburi Hospital was first constructed in 1951, the fourth hospital outside Bangkok and initially had one building. The hospital was officially opened on 14 January 1954. In 1972-1976, the hospital was designated to be a regional hospital in Central Thailand, under the Third National Economic and Development Plan and was expanded to 600 beds. The hospital became classified as a regional hospital in 1981.
In 1993, the hospital made an agreement with the Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University to train medical students at clinical years 4 and 5 in the fields of internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics and anaesthesiology. Teaching of students under the Collaborative Project to Increase Production of Rural Doctors (CPIRD) was started in 1995, when a Medical Education Center was built at Saraburi Hospital.
# Hisakatsu Yabe

Hisakatsu Yabe (Japanese: 矢部 長克, December 3, 1878 - June 23, 1969) was a Japanese paleontologist and geologist. He is from Tokyo and is a graduate of the University of Tokyo. He was an emeritus professor at Tohoku University. Yabe contributed to the development of geology in Japan. In 1918, He advocated Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line.
# Al Fajrah

Al Fajrah (Arabic: الفجرة) is a sub-district located in al-Nadirah District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Al Fajrah had a population of 8110 according to the 2004 census.
# Pierre-André Flückiger

Pierre-André Flückiger (18 May 1919 – 1994) was a Swiss sports shooter. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Santos–Mateus–Leal syndrome

Santos–Mateus–Leal syndrome, also known as Hirschsprung's disease-deafness-polydactyly syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive limb malformation which is characterized by Hirschsprung's disease, feet and hand polydactyly, unilateral renal agenesis, and congenital hearing loss. Only 2 cases have been described in medical literature.
It was first discovered by Santos et al., when they described 2 siblings of the opposite sex born to consanguineous, first-cousin parents with the symptoms mentioned above, they (Santos et al.) came to the conclusion that this case was part of a separate novel syndrome different from a previous case report which described 2 male babies with Hirschsprung's disease, polydactyly and ventricular septal defect. This disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
# Ramstedt, Germany

Ramstedt (Danish: Ramsted) is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# Walter Prager

Walter Prager (2 April 1910 - 28 May 1984) was a Swiss alpine skier.
At the 1931 World Championship in Mürren, Prager became the first World Champion in downhill skiing. He also won the 1933 downhill championship.
Later on, Prager successfully coached the Dartmouth Ski Team both before and after World War II. During the war, he was drafted and was one of the first soldiers to join the 10th Mountain Division.
# Brâncovenești, Mureș

Brâncovenești (formerly Ieciu and Delavrancea; Hungarian: Marosvécs, Hungarian pronunciation: or Vécs; German: Wetsch) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania.
The commune is composed of five villages: Brâncovenești, Idicel (Idecspatak), Idicel-Pădure (Erdőidecs), Săcalu de Pădure (Erdőszakál) and Vălenii de Mureș (Disznajó).
Brâncovenești is the site of the Kemény Castle, which was the only castle in Transylvania to survive the Mongol Invasion of Hungary in 1241–42. At the time, it was referred to as Vécs, and it guarded the salt mines of Gömör.
The route of the Via Transilvanica long-distance trail passes through the villages of Săcalu de Pădure and Brâncovenești.
# Rico Simen

Enrico "Rico" Simen (born 12 January 1962) is a former Swiss curler.
He played third on the Swiss rink that won a silver medal at the 1988 Winter Olympics when curling was a demonstration sport. He was also a silver medallist at the 1994 European Curling Championships, and is a silver (1994) and bronze (1997) medallist at the Swiss Men's Curling Championship, and a two-time Swiss junior champion curler (1980, 1981).

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 1979–80 | Rico Simen | Thomas Kläy | Jürg Dick | Urs Dick | | | WJCC 1980 (7th) |
| 1979–80 | Rico Simen | Thomas Kläy | Jürg Dick | Mario Gross | | | SJCC 1980 |
| 1980–81 | Rico Simen | Thomas Kläy | Jürg Dick | Mario Gross | | | WJCC 1981 (6th) SJCC 1981 |
| 1981–82 | Rico Simen | Yves Hugentobler | Jürg Dick | Mario Gross | | | WJCC 1982 (5 место) |
| 1987–88 | Hansjörg Lips | Rico Simen | Stefan Luder | Peter Lips | Mario Flückiger | | WOG 1988 (demo) |
| 1994–95 | Hansjörg Lips | Stefan Luder | Peter Lips | Rico Simen | Björn Schröder | Michael Müller | ECC 1994 |
# Chastel Rouge

Chastel Rouge, also called Qal’at Yahmur (Arabic: قلعة يحمور, Castle of Yahmur) is a small Crusader stronghold in the North West of Syria that belonged to the County of Tripoli. It is also identified as Castrum Rubrum mentioned in Latin texts. The castle stands in the village of Yahmur, at 12 kilometres' distance from Tartus and 10 kilometres from Safita, where the Tortosa and Chastel Blanc Crusader castles can be found.

## History

Little is known about the capture and early development of the place by the Crusaders. This is because it was a castle of secondary importance, and also to some doubts in identifying the castle in medieval sources. However, it was granted by Tancred to Pons, Count of Tripoli in 1112. Later on, the stronghold seems to be in the hands of a Frankish family, the Montolieu, vassals of the Counts of Tripoli. Thus, it was part of the network of castles defending the County, for example Crac des Chevaliers, Chastel Blanc and Areimeh.
In 1177/78, Raymond III transferred the stronghold to the Hospitallers, and the Montolieus were given 400 bezants as compensation. In 1188, Saladin attacked the stronghold and destroyed it. The Crusaders could most probably retrieve it and keep it until they lost the County one century later, during the reign of Mamluk sultan Qalawun in 1289.

## Description of the place

The village of Yahmur is located in the coastal plain between Tartus and Tripoli. Consequently, Chastel Rouge did not possess natural defences, as many other castles did.
The stronghold consists in a two-floor donjon, 16 metres long and 14 metres wide, enclosed in rectangular outer walls of 42 metres' length and 37 metres' width, with towers on the north-western and south-eastern angles. The first floor was divided in two storeys by a wooden floor that does not exist any more. Upper floors can be reached through stairs running along the walls inside and outside the donjon.
The construction cannot be dated with exactitude, however two main phases can be recognised: the first phase dates from the beginning of the 12th century and includes the outer walls, while the donjon was built at the beginning of the 13th century.
Excavations in the stronghold also found ruins date back to the Phoenician era, in addition to inscriptions from the Greco-Roman period.