OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German Chemical Society

The German Chemical Society (German: Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, GDCh) is a learned society and professional association founded in 1949 to represent the interests of German chemists in local, national and international contexts. GDCh "brings together people working in chemistry and the molecular sciences and supports their striving for positive, sustainable scientific advance – for the good of humankind and the environment, and a future worth living for."

## History

The earliest precursor of today's GDCh was the German Chemical Society (Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft zu Berlin, DChG). Adolf von Baeyer was prominent among the German chemists who established DChG in 1867; and August Wilhelm von Hofmann was the first president. This society was modeled after the British Chemical Society, which was the precursor of the Royal Society of Chemistry. Like its British counterpart, DChG sought to foster the communication of new ideas and facts throughout Germany and across international borders.
In 1946, the current organization was created by a merger of the German Chemical Society (DChG) and the Association of German Chemists (Verein Deutscher Chemiker, VDCh).
Honorary Members of the GDCh have included Otto Hahn, Robert B. Woodward, Jean-Marie Lehn, George Olah and other eminent scientists.

## Activities

Scientific publications of the society include Nachrichten aus der Chemie, Angewandte Chemie, Chemistry: A European Journal, European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, European Journal of Organic Chemistry, ChemPhysChem, ChemSusChem, ChemBioChem, ChemMedChem, ChemCatChem, ChemistryViews, Chemie Ingenieur Technik and Chemie in unserer Zeit.
In the 21st century, the society has become a member of ChemPubSoc Europe, which is an organization of 16 European chemical societies. This European consortium was established in the late 1990s as many chemical journals owned by national chemical societies were amalgamated.

### Prizes and awards

The society acknowledges individual achievement with prizes and awards, including medals originally conferred by the predecessor organizations DChG and VDCh:
* Hofmann Medal (Hofmann Denkmünze), first awarded to Henri Moissan, 1903
* Liebig Medal (Liebig Denkmünze), first awarded to Adolf von Baeyer, 1903
* Gmelin-Beilstein Medal (Gmelin-Beilstein Denkmünze), first awarded to Paul Walden and Maximilian Pflücke, 1954
* Hermann Staudinger Prize (Hermann-Staudinger-Preis), first awarded to Werner Kern and Günter Victor Schulz in 1971.
* Meyer-Galow Award For Business Chemistry (Der Meyer-Galow-Preis für Wirtschaftschemie), first awarded to Susanne Röhrig, 2012 .
# Al-Sahman

Al-Sahman (Arabic: السهمان) is a sub-district located in Attyal District, Sana'a Governorate, Yemen. Al-Sahman had a population of 2441 according to the 2004 census.
# Bahramabad, Andika

Bahramabad (Persian: بهرام اباد, also Romanized as Bahrāmābād) is a village in Qaleh-ye Khvajeh Rural District, in the Central District of Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 8 families.
# Narap

Narap (Persian: نراپ, also Romanized as Narāp; also known as Nar Āb) is a village in Eskelabad Rural District, Nukabad District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,118, in 3 families.
# Kuman (Ibb)

Kuman (Arabic: كومان) is a sub-district located in Hubaysh District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Kuman had a population of 2535 according to the 2004 census.
# Parandan

Parandan (Persian: پرندان, also Romanized as Parandān) is a village in Siyarastaq Yeylaq Rural District, Rahimabad District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 60, in 17 families.
# Deh-e Mansur, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad

Deh-e Mansur (Persian: ده منصور, also Romanized as Deh-e Manṣūr; also known as Dehmanṣūr) is a village in Dehdasht-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 62, in 11 families.
# Bahramabad, Qazvin

Bahramabad (Persian: بهرام اباد) is a village in, and the capital of, Rudbar-e Shahrestan Rural District of Rudbar-e Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin province, Iran. Lambsar fortress is close by.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 83 in 21 households. The following census in 2011 counted 114 people in 37 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 150 people in 53 households.
# HMS Hound (J307)

HMS Hound was a reciprocating engine-powered Algerine-class minesweeper built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War. She survived the war and was scrapped in 1962.

## Design and description

The reciprocating group displaced 1,010–1,030 long tons (1,030–1,050 t) at standard load and 1,305–1,325 long tons (1,326–1,346 t) at deep load The ships measured 225 feet (68.6 m) long overall with a beam of 35 feet 6 inches (10.8 m). They had a draught of 12 feet 3 inches (3.7 m). The ships' complement consisted of 85 officers and ratings.
The reciprocating ships had two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by two Admiralty three-drum boilers. The engines produced a total of 2,400 indicated horsepower (1,800 kW) and gave a maximum speed of 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph). They carried a maximum of 660 long tons (671 t) of fuel oil that gave them a range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).
The Algerine class was armed with a QF 4 in (102 mm) Mk V anti-aircraft gun and four twin-gun mounts for Oerlikon 20 mm cannon. The latter guns were in short supply when the first ships were being completed and they often got a proportion of single mounts. By 1944, single-barrel Bofors 40 mm mounts began replacing the twin 20 mm mounts on a one for one basis. All of the ships were fitted for four throwers and two rails for depth charges.

## Construction and career

She was laid down on 2 December 1941 at Lobnitz & Co, Renfrew, and launched on 29 July 1942. The ship was commissioned on 11 December 1942, and eventually scrapped on 1 September 1962.
# Eric Sunderland

Eric Sunderland, CBE, FSB (18 March 1930 – 24 March 2010) was a Welsh anthropologist and academic. He served as Principal and then Vice-Chancellor of the University College of North Wales from 1984 to 1995, and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Wales from 1989 to 1991. He had previously taught at the University of Durham, where he had risen to be Professor of Anthropology (1971 to 1984) and Pro Vice-Chancellor (1979 to 1984). He was a Member of the Aberystwyth Old Students' Association and served as President (1986–87). In retirement, he held a number of royal appointments: he served as High Sheriff of Gwynedd for 1998/1999, and as Lord Lieutenant of Gwynedd from 2000 to 2006.
# Qeshlaq-e Farajollah Hajj Sarkhan

Qeshlaq-e Farajollah Hajj Sarkhan (Persian: قشلاق فرج اله حاج سارخان, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Farajollah Ḩājj Sārkhān) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Gharbi Rural District, Aslan Duz District, Parsabad County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 56, in 11 families.
# Rakat-e Sofla

Rakat-e Sofla (Persian: ركعت سفلي, also Romanized as Rak‘at-e Soflá) is a village in Donbaleh Rud-e Shomali Rural District, Dehdez District, Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37, in 8 families.
# Melhu Azim Khan

Melhu Azim Khan (Persian: ملهوعظيم خان, also Romanized as Melhū ʿAẓīm Khān) is a village in Kakavand-e Gharbi Rural District, Kakavand District, Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 35, in 8 families.
# Philippe Marcombes

Philippe Marcombes (5 December 1877 - 13 June 1935) was a French politician. He served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1928 to 1935, representing Puy-de-Dôme. He was also the Minister of National Education from 7 June 1935 to 13 June 1935.
His son Eugène married the writer Geneviève Viollet-le-Duc, a great-granddaughter of the architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc.
# Godlewo-Gudosze

Godlewo-Gudosze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szulborze Wielkie, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Yannis Kapsis

Yannis Kapsis (1929 – 13 November 2017) was a Greek journalist and politician who was deputy foreign minister from 1982 to 1989, under Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou.
From 1974 to 1982, he was editor of Ta Nea, then Greece's highest-circulation newspaper.
During his term of office, he negotiated the well-known moratorium between Greece and Turkey over the 1987 Aegean crisis.
He was the father of prominent journalists Pantelis and Manolis Kapsis.
He died in Athens on 13 November 2017.
# Aimé Bénard

Aimé Bénard (November 21, 1873 – January 8, 1938) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as interim leader of the provincial Conservatives in 1915, and was later appointed to the Senate of Canada.

## Life and career

Bénard was born in Henryville, Quebec, and was educated at the normal school in that community. He later moved to Manitoba, and worked as a financial agent. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 1907 provincial election, defeating Liberal incumbent Joseph H. Prefontaine by 339 votes. The Conservatives won this election, and Bénard served in the legislature as a government backbencher. He was re-elected for Assiniboia in the 1910 election, and for Iberville in the 1914 campaign.
Conservative premier Rodmond Roblin was forced to resign in 1915, amid a serious corruption scandal. Another election was called, which the Liberals won with a landslide majority. Bénard was one of only five Tories returned to the legislature. His re-election was primarily due to the Conservative Party's continued popularity in francophone areas of the province. The Conservatives were more supportive of francophone education rights than the Liberals, and received support from this community; four of the party's five legislators were francophone.
Bénard was chosen as the Conservative Party's interim leader shortly after the election. The party chose another francophone, Albert Prefontaine, as its house leader in 1916.
Bénard was appointed to the Canadian Senate on September 3, 1917, on the recommendation of Prime Minister Robert Borden. He served in the Senate until his death.
# Dvorce, Brežice

Dvorce (pronounced; in older sources also Dvorice, German: Dworichdorf) is a settlement southeast of Čatež ob Savi in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
An Ancient Roman era burial ground has been found in the settlement. Mound burials, Latobici-type graves, and shallow skeletal burials of infants dating to the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD have been uncovered.
# Pukkattupadi

Pukkattupady is a suburb of the City of Kochi, in Ernakulam District, Kerala, India. It is in intersection of major bus route from Aluva Town via F.A.C.T and BPCL to Thrippunithura and Kolenchery via Kizhakkambalam and the routes from Perumbavoor to Ernakulam via NPOL or Edappally.
It comes under Edathala and Kizhakkambalam Grama Panchayaths. It belongs to Central Kerala Division.
The town is 10 kilometres towards East from District headquarters Kakkanad and 216 km from State capital Thiruvananthapuram. It is 11 kilometres from Edapally and 10 kilometres from Aluva Metro station. Being a suburb in City of Kochi, the greatest advantage of Pukkatupady is that the distance between the main centres of Kochi city and Pukkatupady are almost same.
To its south is Pazhanganad and Kizhakkambalam, east is Oorakkad and Thamarachal, south west is Kakkanad and to north is South Vazhakulam and Malayidomthuruth, north west is Choondy.

## Connectivity
### By Road

Pukkattupady is well connected by roads to all major centers of Ernakulam district, including Perumbavoor, Aluva and Edappally. Pukkattupady is connected by private buses which ply regularly. 6.4 km to Wonderla Amusement Park from Pukatupady Smart city is 9 km from Pukkatupady Infopark Kochi is 9 km from Pukkatupady

### By Air

Pukkattupady is located about 21 kilometers away from the nearest airport, Cochin International Airport.

### By Rail

The Aluva Railway Station is just 8 kilometers and Kalamassery Railway Station is 11 km and Edappally Railway Station is just 13 km from Pukkattupady.

## Organizations

Pukkattupady Merchant Association is the association of merchants of Pukkattupady established in 1990 by Thuruthummel Group Premier T V Mathai Thuruthummel.
Pukkattupady Residents Association is the largest organization centered in Pukkattupady with more than 5000 members.
The Lions Clubs International of Pukkattupady organization includes rich and effluent families in Pukkattupady. Initiated By T V Mathai Thuruthummel.
Vallathol Library Council maintains the second largest library in Kunnathunadu Taluk. Conducts Vallathol Smaraka Kalamathsaram, an inter school art and cultural fest.
Udayam Arts and Sports club is a club for youth established in the late 1990s and has more than 100 members. It conducts many charity activities.

## Religious places

* St Mary's Jacobite Valiyapally, Thamarachal
* Ambunadu Muslim jumamazjid
* Juma Mazjid Kunjattukara
* Kunjattukara Bhagavathi Temple
* Muruka Temple
* Paradtha Temple
* SreeKrishna Temple, Oorakkad
* St George Jacobite Church, Pukkattupady
* St Sebastians RC Church Ambunadu
* St. Augustine's Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, Pazhanganad
* St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian Church, Malayidomthuruth
* St. Thomas Jacobite Syrian Church, Oorakkadu
* St.John's Syro-Malabar Church, Pukkattupaddi
* Vettakorumagan Temple, Kalathil
* Sree Ramaswamy Temple, Pukkattupady

## Hospitals

* Samaritain Hospital, Pazhanganad
* Thaqdees Hospital at Pukkattupady
* Ayswarya Hospital
The Rajagiri Hospital is located just 4.3 km away from Pukkattupady.
# Godlewo-Łuby

Godlewo-Łuby is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Boguty-Pianki, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Poulad Castle

Poulad Castle (Persian: قلعه پولاد) is a historical castle located in Nur County in Mazandaran Province, The longevity of this fortress dates back to the Seljuk dynasty.
# Edward Lawn

Edward Charles Lawn (July 18, 1879 – May 15, 1961) was a Canadian merchant and politician in Quebec. He represented Pontiac in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1935 to 1948 as a Liberal.
The son of John Lawn, farmer, and Jane Kenshaly, he was born in L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet and was educated in Bryson, in L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet and at business college in Ottawa. Lawn was a general merchant and lumber merchant in Campbell's Bay. He was a school trustee for 35 years and served as mayor of Campbell's Bay from 1920 to 1946. He served as prefect for Pontiac County from 1926 to 1928.
He was elected in 1935 and reelected in 1936, 1939 and 1944. He served as party whip from 1940 to 1945. Lawn was defeated by Raymond Thomas Johnston when he ran for reelection in 1948.
Lawn married Maggie Shannon in 1906.
He died in Campbell's Bay at the age of 81.
# Māris Putenis

Māris Putenis (born 20 June 1982) is a Latvian racewalker. He competed in the men's 20 kilometres walk at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# James Shikwati

James Shikwati (born 1970) is a Kenyan libertarian economist and Director of the Inter Region Economic Network who promotes freedom of trade as the driving solution to poverty in Africa. He has made comments which imply that aid towards Africa does more harm than good to their people, based on the central arguments that it is mainly used either by politicians as a tool to manipulate people and influence votes, or as a mechanism for dumping subsidised foreign agricultural products onto local markets at below cost making it nearly impossible for African farmers to compete.

## Education

A graduate from the University of Nairobi (B.ED Arts 1994), attended Musingu High School (1989) and taught Kiptewit High School (1994–2001) in Kericho Rift Valley province in Kenya. He is a "self taught" economist.

## Philosophy

Shikwati is a writer and a commentator on public policy with a special interest in development, environment, trade and agriculture related issues. He has written widely on a variety of subjects in Kenyan and international newspapers, magazines, such as The Times, The Guardian, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Business News, The Daily Nation, and The East African Standard.
Shikwati was also featured in a November 18, 2006 article in the New York Times:
Jeffrey D. Sachs, a Columbia University professor who is a leading aid advocate, calls Shikwati’s criticisms of foreign assistance “shockingly misguided” and “amazingly wrong.” “This happens to be a matter of life and death for millions of people, so getting it wrong has huge consequences,” Sachs said.
Shikwati has worked extensively with internationally acclaimed opinion leaders to promote ideas that improve productivity, and increase freedom to trade as a way to alleviate poverty. He facilitates several workshops every year throughout Africa geared towards promoting productivity and trade. He recently argued that development is the ability of individuals to understand the world and creatively respond to challenges that confront humanity in a manner that increases levels of human comfort on earth.
He is the founder and Executive Director of the Inter Region Economic Network [IREN], an independent and non-partisan think tank that promotes policies geared towards the creation of a free Africa. He is also the Country Director for Students In Free Enterprise [SIFE Kenya] and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of an online business magazine The African Executive that is published weekly by IREN.

## Awards and decorations

On 6 July 2007, Shikwati was named among top 100 most influential Kenyans in a study that was conducted by The Standard Group, one of the Kenya’s leading media houses, he was described as one person whose decisions and actions are not motivated by the publicity they attract but by passion for what they do. On March 11, 2008, The World Economic Forum named Shikwati among the 250 Young Global Leaders of 2008.
# Mahamat Alhadj

Mahamat Alhadj (born 11 August 1978) is a former Chadian professional football player. He made three appearances for the Chad national football team.
# Ahmadabad, Abezhdan

Ahmadabad (Persian: احمداباد, also Romanized as Aḩmadābād; also known as Aḩmadābād-e Qeyţās and Aḩmadābād-e Qeytās) is a village in Abezhdan Rural District, Abezhdan District, Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 612, in 124 families.
# Miro Kocuvan (athlete, born 1947)

Miro Kocuvan (born 16 July 1947) is a Yugoslav sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Stanko Perpar

Stanko Perpar (25 January 1899 – 5 April 1966) was a Yugoslav sprinter. He competed in the men's 200 metres at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Rade Radovanović

Rade Radovanović (20 December 1928 – 11 July 2021) was a Yugoslav athlete. He competed in the men's triple jump at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Wałbrzych County

Wałbrzych County (Polish: powiat wałbrzyski; German: Waldenburg) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 514.2 square kilometres (198.5 sq mi). Its administrative seat is the city of Wałbrzych, which is located outside of the county, and it also contains the towns of Boguszów-Gorce, Głuszyca, Szczawno-Zdrój, Jedlina-Zdrój and Mieroszów.
When the county came into being in 1999, the city of Wałbrzych was not part of its territory, although it served as the county seat. As of 2003 the city county (powiat grodzki) of Wałbrzych was incorporated into Wałbrzych County. Wałbrzych became again a separate city county starting from 1 January 2013 and is no longer part of the Wałbrzych County (powiat wałbrzyski).
As of 2019 the total population of the county is 55,820. The most populated towns are Boguszów-Gorce with 15,368 inhabitants and Głuszyca with 6,361 inhabitants.

## Neighbouring counties

Wałbrzych County is bordered by Kamienna Góra County to the west, Jawor County to the north, Świdnica County to the north-east, Dzierżoniów County to the east and Kłodzko County to the south-east. It also borders the Czech Republic to the south.

## Administrative division

The county is subdivided into eight gminas (three urban, two urban-rural and three rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2019) | Seat |
| Boguszów-Gorce | urban | 27.0 | 15,368 | |
| Gmina Głuszyca | urban-rural | 61.9 | 8,631 | Głuszyca |
| Gmina Mieroszów | urban-rural | 76.2 | 6,808 | Mieroszów |
| Szczawno-Zdrój | urban | 14.7 | 5,608 | |
| Gmina Walim | rural | 78.8 | 5,416 | Walim |
| Gmina Czarny Bór | rural | 66.3 | 4,864 | Czarny Bór |
| Jedlina-Zdrój | urban | 17.5 | 4,828 | |
| Gmina Stare Bogaczowice | rural | 86.9 | 4,297 | Stare Bogaczowice |
# Bhola Singh

Bhola Singh (3 January 1939 – 19 October 2018) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Indian Parliament and represented Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency) which he won on a ticket from the BJP. Before joining the BJP he had been part of almost every political party in Bihar including the Communist Party, the Indian National Congress, and the Rashtriya Janata Dal. Before getting elected to the Indian Parliament he was the Urban Development Minister of Bihar. He was the Deputy Speaker of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from 2000 to 2005. He was a professor in History before getting elected from Begusarai in 1967 as an independent candidate.
Starting his political career in the late 1960s, he has been elected as member of the state legislative assembly from the Begusarai assembly seat eight times since 1967. His only electoral venture outside the district was in 2009 when he successfully contested the general election from Nawada as a BJP nominee.

## Political career

Bhola Singh's long political journey spanning almost five decades began as a left-supported Independent MLA in 1967 before being formally elected as CPI MLA in 1972. He, however, later joined Congress in 1977 owing to differences with leaders in the CPI and even pulled off a spectacular victory as a Congress nominee from the Begusarai seat in 1977, when only 56 Congress party nominees could be elected in the 324-seat assembly. Singh has also served as the state home minister in the Chandra Shekhar Singh cabinet. He also held the position of the education minister from 1988-89 under Congress government in the state. However, his date with Congress finally ended after losing two successive assembly elections in 1990 and 1995 during the period when RJD supremo Lalu Prasad was at his prime. He also joined Lalu's party, the then Janata Dal, and was in it for a brief period. As his political fortune plunged, Singh joined the BJP and his political career was revived when he again managed to win the Begusarai assembly seat in 2000 and retain it in 2005 also. During the period he remained deputy speaker of the state assembly from 2003 to 2005. In 2008, he was made state urban development minister in the NDA government. He died on 19 October 2018 after a long illness.