OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Bend

Robert William Bend (1914–1999), also known as Bobby Bend, was a Canadian politician, and was briefly the leader of the Manitoba Liberal Party in 1969.

## Biography
### Early life

Bend was born on 16 April 1914 in Poplar Point, Manitoba, the son of J. P. Bend (who unsuccessfully ran for the Manitoba legislature in 1927 and 1932 as a Conservative) and Annie Ada Wilson. The younger Bend received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Manitoba, taught school and later worked as a school principal. He later received a Bachelor of Education degree from the University of Manitoba. In 1938, Bend married Laura Kathleen Fisher.

### Politics

In 1949, Bend was elected to the Manitoba legislature for the riding of Rockwood. The election was somewhat unusual, in that Bend ran as an "Independent Progressive Conservative" supporting the Liberal-Progressive-Progressive Conservative governing coalition, while his opponent R. A. Quickfall was an Independent Liberal opposing the government. Bend won with over two-thirds of the vote.
The Progressive Conservatives left the governing coalition in 1950, but Bend continued to support the government of Liberal-Progressive Premier Douglas Campbell. He scored an easy re-election in 1953, this time running as an "Independent Liberal-Progressive". On 25 January 1955, he was named Minister of Health and Public Welfare in the Campbell government.

### Defeat and retirement

The Progressive Conservatives under Dufferin Roblin won a minority government in 1958, though Bend was again re-elected in the renamed riding of Rockwood—Ibreville. The following year, however, he was defeated by Tory candidate George Hutton.
Bend remained out of active political life for the next decade. In 1969, he stood for the leadership of the Manitoba Liberal Party (as the Liberal-Progressives had renamed themselves), and scored an easily first-ballot win over his three opponents (none of whom had legislative experience).
The selection of Bend proved to be a strategic error for the party. Bend represented the rural populist wing of the Liberal Party, and was unable to reach an urban audience. Under his influence, the party adopted a "cowboy"/"rodeo" theme for the campaign, which made it look and sound dated. The Liberals tumbled to only five seats, the fewest they had ever won. Bend himself was narrowly defeated by Progressive Conservative candidate Harry Enns in the riding of Lakeside (which Campbell had previously held for 47 years). He stepped down as Liberal leader shortly thereafter, and did not seek provincial office again.
Bend subsequently returned to the education field, serving as superintendent of a rural school division. He died at Rosewood Lodge in Stonewall on 24 September 1999 at the age of 85.
Bend spent 50 years as a baseball umpire and was inducted into the Manitoba Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997.
There is currently an elementary school named after him in Stonewall, Manitoba, called "École R.W. Bobby Bend School".
# Griblje

Griblje (pronounced; German: Grüble) is a settlement on the left bank of the Kolpa River in the Municipality of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of White Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

Griblje was attested in historical sources as Griblach in 1468, Briglach in 1490, and Griblah in 1593. The origin of the name is uncertain. It may derive from the dialect common noun grib 'Boletus', referring to a place where such mushrooms grow. Other possibilities are derivation from griba 'clod, clump (of soil)', from a word related to Serbo-Croatian griblja 'furrow', or from griva 'slope overgrown with grass'.

## Church

The local church, south of the main settlement, is dedicated to Saint Vitus (Slovene: sveti Vid) and belongs to the Parish of Podzemelj. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1526, but the current building dates to the 18th century.
# FL7 (Lazio regional railways)

The FL7 (until 2012 FR7) is a regional rail route. It forms part of the network of the Lazio regional railways (Italian: ferrovie regionali del Lazio), which is operated by Trenitalia, and converges on the city of Rome, Italy.
The route operates over the infrastructure of the Rome–Formia–Naples railway. Within the territory of the comune of Rome, it plays the role of a commuter railway. It is estimated that on average about 40,000 passengers travel on an FR7 train each day.
The designation FL7 appears only in publicity material (e.g. public transport maps), in the official timetables, and on signs at some stations. The electronic destination boards at stations on the FL7 route show only the designation "R" and the relevant train number.

## Route

* Roma Termini ↔ Minturno-Scauri
The FL7, a radial route, runs from Roma Termini, on the southern perimeter of Rome's city centre, in a south easterly direction, via the Rome–Formia–Naples railway, to Formia-Gaeta and Minturno-Scauri.

## History

When the FL7 was introduced in 1994, it was divided at Campoleone into two branches. One ran to Nettuno, and the other to Formia (which was renamed Formia-Gaeta in 2012).
Since the introduction of the FL7, the Roma–Nettuno services have been reclassified as a separate line, the FL8.

## Stations

The stations on the FL7 are as follows:
* Roma Termini LeoExp
* Torricola
* Pomezia-Santa Palomba
* Campoleone
* Cisterna di Latina
* Latina
* Sezze Romano
* Priverno-Fossanova
* Monte San Biagio
* Fondi-Sperlonga
* Itri
* Formia-Gaeta
* Minturno-Scauri

## Scheduling

The FL7 route is included in the Trenitalia official timetable M85 Roma–Napoli.
As of 2012, services operated at regular intervals, with extra services at rush hour. However, some services skip some stops (at Torricola, Pomezia-Santa Palomba and Itri). Many services do not terminate/originate at Formia-Gaeta but at other stations, such as Minturno-Scauri, Sessa Aurunca, or Naples.
The full trip between Roma Termini and Formia-Gaeta is 137.4 km (85.4 mi) long, and takes about ninety minutes.
# Samajtantrik Sramik Front

The Samajtantrik Sramik Front (Bengali: সমাজতান্ত্রিক শ্রমিক ফ্রন্ট, Socialist Labour Front - SLF) is a national trade union federation in Bangladesh. It is affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions.
SSF is politically tied to the Socialist Party of Bangladesh.
# Léon Weil

Léon Roger Weil (16 July 1896 – 6 June 2006) was one of the last two surviving veterans of the battle of Val-de-Marne in the First World War. He was almost 110 when he died at the Val-de-Grâce military hospital in Paris, France.
Joining the army when he was 20 years old, he was assigned to the fifth battalion of chasseurs à pied (cinquième bataillon de chasseurs à pied) in Alsace and took part in 1917 in the battle of Chemin des Dames. More than 150,000 people died during this battle. He was also a French Resistance fighter during the Second World War under the code name of Victor. After the war, he worked as a sales representative in the women's fashion industry. A fan of theatre and boxing (he was quite a good boxer in his younger days), he continued to swim until the age of 102.
At the time of his death he was one of the last seven surviving officially recognized French veterans of World War I.
# Deh Now, Kakasharaf

Deh Now (Persian: ده نو, also Romanized as Deh-e Now and Dehnow) is a village in Kakasharaf Rural District, in the Central District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 85, in 14 families.
# Pedro Chirino

Pedro Chirino, SJ (born 1557 in Osuna, Andalusia – died 16 September 1635 in Manila, Philippines) was a Spanish priest and historian who served as a Jesuit missionary in the Philippines. He is most remembered for his work, Relación de las Islas Filipinas (1604), one of the earliest works about the Philippines and its people that was written.

## Biography

He was born in 1557 in Spain. A graduate in both civil and canon laws at Sevilla, he entered the Society of Jesus at age 23. He was soon appointed to the mission in the Philippines, arriving in the country in 1590 along with Gomez Perez Dasmariñas, the newly-appointed governor-general of the Philippines.
He was first assigned to Balayan before he was appointed to be the parish priest of the town of Taytay in 1591. During his tenure as parish priest, he transferred the location of Taytay parish from its original site near Laguna de Bay to a hilltop area where it has remained to this day. He also began to immerse himself in the study of the Tagalog language and was able to preach his homily in Tagalog for the first time on 15 August 1591 on the occasion of the establishment of a Jesuit mission in Antipolo.
Chirino also went to missions in Tigbauan from February 1593 to April 1595 and Leyte in June 1595. It was in Tigbauan where Father Chirino established in 1593 what would become the first Jesuit boarding-school in the Philippines.
In the course of his missionary work, Father Chirino also recorded the transition of Filipino writing from the Baybayin script to the Latin alphabet. In addition, he began writing down his knowledge of Philippine history as well as his observations on the way of life of Filipinos in that period. Upon his return to Europe in 1602, he worked on the publication of these writings into a book entitled Relación de las Islas Filipinas. The book was eventually published in Rome in 1604.
In Europe, he was able to further establish the Jesuit mission in the Philippines at both the royal and pontifical courts. Through his efforts, he was able to obtain a decree from the Superior General of the Society of Jesus, elevating the Philippine mission to the status of vice-province, independent of the province of Mexico.
Father Chirino returned to the Philippines in 1606 and continued writing about the Philippines; many of these writings have yet to be published. He died in 1635.
# Ksente Bogoev

Ksente Bogoev (Macedonian: Ксенте Богоев; 20 October 1919 in Leunovo – 20 April 2008 in Skopje) was a prominent economist, professor and Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia within the former Yugoslavia and Head of the National Bank of Yugoslavia in 1977. He was a member and chairman (1992–1997) of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
* This Macedonian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Robert Orok

Robert Dick Orok (October 2, 1878 – November 8, 1957) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1912 to 1915, as a member of the Conservative Party.

## Biography

Orok was born in Midhurst, Ontario, the son of William Orok and Mary Johnston. He was educated at the Barrie Collegiate Institute and the University of Toronto, and received a certification as a medical doctor. Orok pursued post-graduate studies at Queen's University and the University of Edinburgh. He spent time in the Yukon gold fields and then practised medicine in Cookstown, Ontario from 1909 to 1911 and, from 1911, at The Pas. He also worked as a surgeon on the Hudson Bay Railway. In religion, Orok was a Presbyterian. In 1904, he married Louise M. Smith. In 1907, Orork married Bessie Vair.
He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in a by-election held on October 22, 1912, in the nearly-created northern constituency of The Pas. The constituency occupied 200,000 square miles (520,000 km$^2$) at the time, and Orok claimed that it was the largest in the world. Orok won his seat by acclamation, and served as a backbench supporter of premier Rodmond Roblin's government. Orok was again returned by acclamation through a deferred vote in the 1914 election, after the Conservatives had won a majority government in the rest of the province.
Roblin's administration was forced to resign in 1915 amid a serious corruption scandal. A new election was held, which the Liberals won in a landslide. Orok did not seek re-election.
He served as a captain in the Canadian Machine Gun Corps and the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps during World War I.
# Program Composition Notation

Program Composition Notation (PCN) is a specification notation for building up larger programs from smaller modules or programs (usually written in C or Fortran). Efficient parallel programming is at the heart of PCN. Larger composed programs are intended to execute efficiently on single-processor machines, multiprocessors with shared memory or distributed multicomputers.
PCN was developed at Argonne National Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology.
PCN includes the language for specifying concurrent algorithms and interfaces to C and Fortran. There is also a PCN toolkit for workstations that allows applications to be developed for supercomputers which includes debugging and performance analysis tools.
PCN is appropriate for applications benefiting from parallel computing such as fluid dynamics, and climate modelling.

## Sources

* Chandy, K. Mani and Taylor, Stephen (1990), A Primer for Program Composition Notation. Technical Report. California Institute of Technology. [CaltechCSTR:1990.cs-tr-90-10]
* Foster, Ian; Taylor, Stephen (May 1994). "A Compiler Approach to Scalable Concurrent-Program Design". ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems. 16 (3). doi:10.1145/177492.177612.
* Foster, Ian (May 1994). Strand and PCN: Two Generations of Composition Programming Languages (PDF) (Technical report). Rice University.
* PCN article in the Free Online Dictionary of Computing
# 280th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The 280th Infantry Division (German: 280. Infanterie-Division) was an infantry division of the German Heer during World War II. Initially, the deployment of the 280th Infantry Division was ordered in May 1940, but aborted in June of that same year. The division was deployed a second time in 1942 and served in occupied Norway until 1945.

## History
### First deployment, 1940

On 22 May 1940, the divisions of the tenth Aufstellungswelle, including the 280th Infantry Division, were ordered to deploy by 1 July in anticipation of a prolonged campaign in the west. However, as France agreed to an armistice on 22 June, the divisions of the tenth wave were no longer necessary, and their deployment was aborted. The regiments initially intended for the 280th Infantry Division, the Infantry Regiments 556, 557, and 558, as well as the Artillery Detachment 280, returned to their reserve formations.

### Second deployment, 1942 – 1945

Another division named 280th Infantry Division was deployed on 22 April 1942 in the west of occupied Norway, in the Stavanger sector. The initial commander of the 280th Infantry Division was Karl Beeren, appointed on 27 April 1942.
The division was poorly equipped throughout its history; it had no reconnaissance, Panzerjäger, or field replacement formations, and its artillery consisted of four captured French 100mm guns.
In September 1943, the 280th Infantry Division consisted of the following elements:
* Fortress Battalion 655
* Fortress Battalion 657
* Fortress Battalion 666
In September 1944, the divisional headquarters were moved from Stavanger to Bergen.
On 10 November 1944, Beeren was replaced as divisional commander by Johann de Boer.
In early 1945, the 280th Infantry Division consisted of the following elements:
* Battalion 645
* Battalion 655
* Battalion 658
* Battalion 666
* Battalion 1015
* Fortress Battalion "A"
* Signal Company 280
* Supply Troops 280
* Panzer Company Bergen
On 9 May 1945, the day after German surrender, the division capitulated not having had seen any major combat between 1942 and 1945.

## Superior formations

Organizational chart of the 280th Infantry Division :
| Year | Month | Army Corps | Army | Army Group | Area |
| 1942 | May – December | LXX Army Corps | Armee Norwegen | None. | Stavanger |
| 1943 | January – December | LXX Army Corps | Armee Norwegen | None. | Stavanger |
| 1944 | January – August | LXX Army Corps | Armee Norwegen | None. | Stavanger |
| 1944 | September – December | LXX Army Corps | Armee Norwegen | None. | Bergen |
| 1945 | January – April | LXX Army Corps | 20th Mountain Army | None. | Bergen |

## Noteworthy individuals

* Karl Beeren, divisional commander between 27 April 1942 and 10 November 1944.
* Johann de Boer, divisional commander between 10 November 1944 and 9 May 1945.
# Aliabad-e Golbanu

Aliabad-e Golbanu (Persian: علي ابادگل بانو, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād-e Golbānū; also known as ‘Alīābād) is a village in Haft Ashiyan Rural District, Kuzaran District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. In the 2006 census, its population was listed as 40 individuals and 9 families.
# Paul Cotteret

Paul Cotteret (1896–1998) was a French cinematographer.

## Selected filmography

* Siren of the Tropics (1927)
* André Cornélis (1927)
* Wine Cellars (1930)
* The Polish Jew (1931)
* Tossing Ship (1932)
* Our Lord's Vineyard (1932)
* Love and Luck (1932)
* The Lacquered Box (1932)
* Mannequins (1933)
* Three Sailors (1934)
* The Brighton Twins (1936)
* The Woman from the End of the World (1938)
* The Porter from Maxim's (1939)
* His Uncle from Normandy (1939)
* Narcisse (1940)
* The Murderer is Afraid at Night (1942)
* Private Life (1942)
* Fever (1942)
* The Inevitable Monsieur Dubois (1943)
* Mistral (1943)
* Vautrin (1943)
* The Lucky Star (1943)
* A Cage of Nightingales (1945)
* Fantômas (1946)
* Star Without Light (1946)
* The Faceless Enemy (1946)
* The Idol (1948)
* The Wolf (1949)
* Cartouche, King of Paris (1950)
* One Only Loves Once (1950)
* The Passage of Venus (1951)
* Thirteen at the Table (1955)
* Mannequins of Paris (1956)
# Γ-Amanitin

γ-Amanitin (gamma-Amanitin) is a cyclic peptide of eight amino acids. It is an amatoxin, a group of toxins isolated from and found in several members of the mushroom genus Amanita, one being the death cap (Amanita phalloides) as well as the destroying angel, a complex of similar species, principally A. virosa and A. bisporigera. The compound is highly toxic, inhibits RNA polymerase II, disrupts synthesis of mRNA, and can be fatal.

## Toxicity

Amatoxins selectively inhibit Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II by tightly to the enzyme and severely inhibits translocation along the DNA template; thus the synthesis of mRNA and proteins stops. Amatoxin consumption is characterized by a long asymptomatic period of a few hours (up to a day or more) followed by quick physiological decline due to acute hepatic and tubular necrosis. γ-Amanitin has been found to have similar levels of toxicity to other amatoxins such as α-Amanitin.
# WTA Tour Tennis

WTA Tour Tennis (WTA ツアーテニス, WTA Tsuā Tenisu), known in Japan as WTA Tour Tennis Pocket (WTA ツアーテニス ポケット, WTA Tsuā Tenisu Poketto) for Game Boy Advance, and WTA Tour Tennis Pro Evolution (WTA ツアーテニス プロ エボリューション, WTA Tsuā Tenisu Puro Eboryūshon) for GameCube and Xbox, and in Europe as Pro Tennis WTA Tour, is a tennis video game published and developed by Konami in 2001-2002.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score | Score | Score | Score |
| Aggregator | GBA | GC | PS2 | Xbox |
| Metacritic | 66/100 | 55/100 | 50/100 | 49/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score | Score | Score | Score |
| Publication | GBA | GC | PS2 | Xbox |
| AllGame | N/A | N/A | | N/A |
| Famitsu | 25/40 | 26/40 | 25/40 | 26/40 |
| Game Informer | 7.75/10 | N/A | 5/10 | N/A |
| GameSpot | 6.6/10 | 6.6/10 | 6.9/10 | 6.6/10 |
| GameSpy | 55% | N/A | 70% | N/A |
| IGN | 5.8/10 | 4/10 | 4.5/10 | 4/10 |
| Nintendo Power | 3.5/5 | 3.3/5 | N/A | N/A |
| Nintendo World Report | 7/10 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine | N/A | N/A | | N/A |
| Official Xbox Magazine (UK) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.5/10 |
The game received "mixed or average reviews" on all platforms except the Xbox version, which received "generally unfavorable reviews", according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 26 out of 40 for the Pro Evolution versions, and 25 out of 40 for the original and Pocket versions.
# Al-Rafidain SC

Al-Rafidain Sport Club (Arabic: نادي الرافدين الرياضي) is an Iraqi football team based in Al Diwaniyah, that plays in Iraqi Second Division League.

## History
### in Premier League

Al-Rafidain team played in the Iraqi Premier League for the first time in the 1974–75 season, when the first edition of the Clubs League was launched in Iraq, and the team was not good enough, and finished the season at the bottom of the standings, and eventually relegated to the Iraqi First Division League.

## Famous players

* Faleh Abed Hajim (1966–1968)
# Tubardi

Tubardi (Persian: توبردي, also Romanized as Tūbardī) is a village in Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District, Bahmai-ye Garmsiri District, Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19, in 4 families.
# Halvai, Razavi Khorasan

Halvai (Persian: حلوايي, also Romanized as Ḩalvā’ī) is a village in Kenevist Rural District, in the Central District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 49, in 13 families.
# Branko Bošnjak

Branko Bošnjak (14 January 1923 – 18 June 1996) was a Croatian philosopher, member of the Praxis school in the former Yugoslavia. Bošnjak was a professor at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Zagreb and for a period a head of the Department for History of Philosophy and a dean of the faculty. He was a member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He died in Zagreb and was buried in Mirogoj Cemetery.

## Major works

Bošnjak's main fields of interest were religion and history of philosophy. His major works are:
* History of Philosophy as a Science (1958)
* Logos and Dialectics (1961)
* Philosophy and Christianity (1966)
* The Greek Philosophical Criticism on the Bible (1971)
* The Meaning of the Philosophical Existence (1981)
* Philosophy and History (1983)
* History of Philosophy (1993)
# Scottish Chileans

Scottish Chileans are Chileans of Scottish descent who came from Scotland and, in some cases, Scots-Irish people from Northern Ireland. A large proportion of Scottish Chileans are sheep farmers in the Magallanes region of the far south of the country, and the city of Punta Arenas has a large Scottish foundation dating back to the 18th century.
A famous Scot, Thomas, Lord Cochrane (later 10th Earl of Dundonald) formed the Chilean Navy to help liberate Chile from Spain in the independence period. Chile developed a strong diplomatic relationship with Great Britain and invited more British settlers to the country in the 19th century.
The Chilean government land deals invited settlement from Scotland and Wales in its southern provinces in the 1840s and 1850s. The number of Scottish Chileans is still higher in Patagonia and Magallanes regions.
The Mackay School, in Viña del Mar is an example of a school set up by Scottish Chileans. The Scottish and other British Chileans are primarily found in higher education as well in economic management and the country's cultural life.

## Easter Island

Scottish Chileans also played a prominent role in the annexation of Easter Island/Rapa Nui by Chile.
The Williamson-Balfour Company, a Scottish Chilean firm, controlled many aspects of island life, and in 1903 they created a subsidiary, Compania Explotadora de la Isla de Pascua (CEDIP), up until it was handed over to the Chilean Navy.

## Scottish Chilean communities

There is the Gran Santiago metropolitan region; followed by the towns of Antofagasta, Chillan, Concepcion, Coquimbo, Iquique, Osorno, Puerto Aisen, Puerto Montt, Valdivia, Valparaíso and Viña del Mar.

## Prominent Scottish-Chileans

* Ian Campbell
* Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald
* María Edwards
* Sergio Livingstone, Chilean football goalkeeper.
* Enrique Mac Iver
* Agustín Ross
* Alexander Selkirk
* Andrés Wood, director