OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Steve Mirsky

Steve Mirsky is an American journalist. He is a writer for Scientific American, the host of the magazine's longform science podcast, Science Talk. and the producer of the daily 60-Second Science podcast. Mirsky has also written Scientific American's monthly "Anti Gravity" column since 1995 until December 8, 2020.

## Education

Mirsky obtained his bachelor's degree in chemistry from Lehman College of the City University of New York and in 1985, obtained his master's degree in chemistry from Cornell University.

## Career

Prior to studying chemistry in college, Mirsky explored acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts and spent the summer of 1978 with an acting company performing at the North Carolina Shakespeare Festival.
While attending Cornell University, Mirsky received a Mass Media Fellowship through the American Association for the Advancement of Science and received a science journalist assignment for one summer at a TV station, WSVN-TV, in Miami, FL. After graduating from Cornell University, Mirsky was hired at WSVN-TV and then, continuing his work in the broadcast industry, Mirsky moved to radio for a year as a morning host for WMCR in Oneida, NY. After WMCR, Mirsky worked for five years at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine covering basic research for its publications and then became a freelance science writer for a variety of magazines.
Mirsky began writing Scientific American's monthly "Anti Gravity" column in 1994 as a freelancer and joined Scientific American's staff in 1997. He is now a senior editor at Scientific American and continues to write the "Anti Gravity" column. In addition, since 2006, he has hosted Scientific American's weekly Science Talk podcast and contributed to the magazine's daily 60-Second Science podcast.

## Works

Mirsky is most known for writing Scientific American's long-running monthly "Anti Gravity" column and hosting Scientific American's weekly Science Talk podcast. He is the author of Anti Gravity: Allegedly Humorous Writing from Scientific American (2007), an anthology of his early "Anti Gravity" columns.
His earlier freelance articles appeared in magazines such as Astronomy, Audubon, Men's Fitness, National Wildlife, Newsday, Technology Review, and Wildlife Conservation. His broadcast credits include National Public Radio, the Medical News Network, and CBS News Overnight.

## Awards and honors

Mirsky was awarded:
* a Science Journalism Fellowship at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in 1993 and 2001;
* a Thomson Reuters Foundation Fellowship in Medical Journalism at Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism in 1997;
* a Knight Science Journalism Fellowship at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2003; and
* an honorary doctorate from Lehman College at the City University of New York in 2009.
Mirsky was named a Science Writer in Residence for the University of Wisconsin–Madison for the autumn of 2007 and his work on Scientific American's two podcasts has been recognized with Webby Awards in 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013.
# Washington Georges

The Washington Georges was an American basketball team based in Washington, Ohio that was a member of the Central Basketball League.
In their only season, the team dropped out of the league after going 0-30.

## Year-by-year

| Year | League | Reg. Season | Playoffs |
| 1911/12 | CBL | 6th | No playoff |
# Cranberry morpheme

In linguistic morphology a cranberry morpheme (also called unique morpheme or fossilized term) is a type of bound morpheme that cannot be assigned an independent meaning and grammatical function, but nonetheless serves to distinguish one word from another.

## Etymology

The eponymous archetypal example is the cran of cranberry. Unrelated to the homonym cran with the meaning "a case of herrings", this cran actually comes from crane (the bird), although the connection is not immediately evident. Similarly, mul (from Latin morus, the mulberry tree) exists only in mulberry. Phonetically, the first morpheme of raspberry also counts as a cranberry morpheme, even though the word "rasp" does occur by itself. Compare these with blackberry, which has two obvious unbound morphemes ("black" + "berry"), and to loganberry and boysenberry, both of which have first morphemes derived from surnames (James Harvey Logan and Rudolph Boysen, respectively).

## Examples

Other cranberry morphemes in English include:
* cob in cobweb, from the obsolete word coppe ("spider").
* Many elements in English toponyms, such as "-ing" ("Reading", "Dorking", "Washington") from an Old English term meaning "the people of..." or "belonging to..." (Note, however, that the "-ing" at the end of words such as "reading", the verb, is not a cranberry morpheme but rather an affixed morpheme.)
* dew in dewlap, assuming that the particle popularly associated with literal dew is folk etymology and not lost.

## Emergence

Cranberry morphemes can arise in several ways:
* A dialectal word can become part of the standard language in a compound, but not in its root form: e.g. blatherskite ("one who talks nonsense"), as Scots has the word skite ("contemptible person").
* A word can become obsolete in its root form but remain current in a compound: e.g. lukewarm from Middle English luke ("tepid").
* A compound loanword may have a recognisable native cognate for one element but not the other: e.g. hinterland is from German hinter ("behind") + land ("land").
* A loanword may have one part misanalysed to a false cognate: e.g. a taffrail is a type of rail, but the word comes from Dutch tafereel ("carved panel").
# Al-Miqdadiya District

Al-Muqdadiya District (Arabic: قضاء المقدادية) is one of the districts of Diyala Governorate, Iraq.
* This Iraq geographical location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Mike Raczka

Michael Raczka (born November 16, 1962) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. Raczka played for the Oakland Athletics in the 1992 season.

## Amateur career

A native of New Britain, Connecticut, Raczka attended the University of New Haven. In 1982 and 1983, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox. He was selected by the Baltimore Orioles in the 5th round of the 1984 amateur draft.

## Professional career

Raczka made his major league debut for Oakland on August 15, 1992. He appeared in eight games for the Athletics that season, his only major league campaign.
# Al-Mada'in District

33°05′58″N 44°35′08″E﻿ / ﻿33.09947°N 44.58561°E﻿ / 33.09947; 44.58561
Al-Mada'in District is a district of the Baghdad Governorate, Iraq. It includes the city of Salman Pak, which incorporates the ancient ruins of Al-Mada'in, and the oldest freestanding mud brick arch in the world. Other metropolitan areas include Jisr Dyala, an urban district that borders the Baghdad city district of (???), the northern village of Nahrawahn with its major brickworks, and the central village of Wahedah that sits astride the Basrah Highway into Wasit Province.
* This Iraq geographical location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Charles M. Higgins

Charles Michael Higgins (October 4, 1854 – October 21, 1929) was an Irish-American ink manufacturer and anti-vaccinationist.

## Biography

Higgins was born in County Leitrim, Ireland. He moved to Brooklyn at the age of six. Higgins was the inventor of Higgins American India Ink. He operated the Charles M. Higgins Company to manufacture the drawing ink he invented.
Higgins married Alexandra Fransioli in 1899 and they had three children. He was a founding member of the Kings County Historical Society. He opposed vaccination and was also an anti-vivisectionist.

## Anti-Vaccination League of America

Higgins was the co-founder and treasurer of the Anti-Vaccination League of America. The League was created in 1908 by Higgins and industrialist John Pitcairn. Its anti-vaccination campaigns focused on New York and Pennsylvania. Members were opposed to compulsory vaccination laws. Higgins was the League's chief spokesman and pamphleteer. Historian James Colgrove noted that Higgins "attempted to overturn the New York State's law mandating vaccination of students in public schools." The League should not be confused with the Anti-Vaccination Society of America, that was formed in 1879.
Higgins was criticized by medical experts for spreading misinformation and ignoring facts as to the efficacy of vaccination. The League dissolved after the death of Higgins in 1929.

## Selected publications

* A Plea for Justice to China (1900)
* The Crime Against the School Child (1915)
* Brooklyn and Gowanus in History (1916)
* Vaccination and Lockjaw (1916)
* Unalienable Rights and Prohibition Wrongs (1919)
* Horrors of Vaccination Exposed and Illustrated (1920)
# Kolgeh Deli Rich-e Olya

Kolgeh Deli Rich-e Olya (Persian: كلگه دلي ريچ عليا, also Romanized as Kolgeh Delī Rīch-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Margown Rural District, Margown District, Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 28, in 4 families.
# Tapli Rural Municipality

Tapli Rural Municipality (Nepali: ताप्ली गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality in Udayapur district of Province No. 1 in Nepal. There are 4 rural municipalities in Udayapur district. There are 5 wards in this municipality. According to 2011 census of Nepal, the total population of the municipality is 14,567 and total area is 119. km². The headquarter of the municipality is in Rupatar
The rural municipality was established on March 10, 2017 when Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development dissolved the existing village development committees and announced the establishment of this new local body.
Rupatar, Thanagaun, Iname, Okhale and Lekhgaun VDCs were merged to form the new rural municipality.
# Thomas Linière Taschereau

Thomas Linière Taschereau (October 8, 1850 – May 29, 1901) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Beauce in the House of Commons of Canada from 1884 to 1887 as a Conservative Party of Canada member. His name appears in some sources as Jean-Thomas Linière Taschereau or Linière Taschereau.
He was born in Sainte-Marie, Canada East, the son of seigneur Thomas-Jacques Taschereau and Marie Anne Amable Fleury de la Gorgendière. Taschereau was educated at Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, the Collège Sainte-Marie in Montreal and Université Laval. He entered the practice of law at Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce in 1873 and was named crown prosecutor for the Beauce district in 1881. He married Annie Breakey, the widow of William Berry, in 1874; she died the following year. In 1877, he married Mary, the daughter of Charles Joseph Alleyn. Taschereau was mayor of Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce from 1891 to 1893. He was first elected to the House of Commons in an 1884 by-election held after Joseph Bolduc was named to the Senate. Taschereau ran unsuccessfully in the federal riding of Kamouraska in 1896 and 1900. He died of heart disease in Quebec City at the age of 50.
His daughter Zoé-Mary Stella married Eugène Fiset who later served as lieutenant-governor of Quebec.
# Surat, Iran

Surat (Persian: صورت, also Romanized as Şūrat) is a village in Sajjadrud Rural District, Bandpey-ye Sharqi District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,013, in 276 families.
# Kutak-e Rayisi

Kutak-e Rayisi (Persian: كوتك رئيسي, also romanized as Kūtak-e Rayīsī; also known as Kūh Tak and Kūtak) is a village in Karian Rural District, in the Central District of Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 100, in 16 families.
# Mitch Farmer

Mitchell Farmer (born 4 January 1989) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with both the Richmond Tigers and Port Adelaide Power in the Australian Football League (AFL).
The back pocket player is quick, durable and aggressive. He was in the top 10 in the vertical leap at the AFL Draft Camp, played for Vic Metro at Under-18 level and captained the Calder Cannons in their TAC Cup Grand Final win in 2007.
Farmer was selected by Port Adelaide in the 2007 AFL draft using their fourth and last pick, the 49th selection overall.
He was traded to Richmond along with draft pick 71 at the end of the 2009 season, in exchange for Jay Schulz.
Farmer played 28 games for Richmond before being delisted at the end of the 2011 season.
# Intransitive game

An intransitive or non-transitive game is a zero-sum game in which pairwise competitions between the strategies contain a cycle. If strategy A beats strategy B, B beats C, and C beats A, then the binary relation "to beat" is intransitive, since transitivity would require that A beat C. The terms "transitive game" or "intransitive game" are not used in game theory.
A prototypical example of an intransitive game is the game rock, paper, scissors. In probabilistic games like Penney's game, the violation of transitivity results in a more subtle way, and is often presented as a probability paradox.

## Examples

* Rock, paper, scissors
* Penney's game
* Intransitive dice
* Fire Emblem, the video game franchise that popularized intransitive cycles in unit weapons: swords and magic beats axes and bows, axes and bows beat lances and knives, and lances and knives beat swords and magic
# Cheshmeh Sorkh, Kermanshah

Cheshmeh Sorkh (Persian: چشمه سرخ) is a village in Osmanvand Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 74, in 16 families.
# Qareh Jalu

Qareh Jalu (Persian: قره جلو, also Romanized as Qareh Jalū; also known as Qarājalū; in Armenian: Ղարաջալու) is a village in Nazlu-e Shomali Rural District, Nazlu District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 108, in 29 families.
# Charles Wilson (British Columbia politician)

Charles Wilson (February 5, 1841 – March 1, 1924) was an English-born lawyer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cariboo from 1882 to 1886 as an Independent member and Vancouver City from 1903 to 1906 as a Conservative in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.
He was born in London and was educated in England. Wilson came to Victoria in 1862 and worked for some time in the gold fields in the Cariboo and Big Bend areas. He later studied law and was called to the British Columbia bar in 1883. Wilson served as counsel for the Bank of Montreal. He was defeated when he ran for reelection to the assembly in 1886. Wilson was elected the first president of the British Columbia Conservative Party in 1899. He ran unsuccessfully for an assembly seat for Victoria City in 1890 and for Vancouver City in 1900. Wilson served in the provincial cabinet as President of the Council between June and November 1903 and as Attorney General between November 1903 and March 1906. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the Cariboo riding in the 1907 provincial election.
Wilson served as Treasurer (chief elected officer) of the Law Society of British Columbia from 1920 to 1924.
He was married three times: to Minnie Parker in 1876, to Helen Mary Twiford in 1894 and to Maude Hamilton McLean in 1909. Wilson died in Vancouver at the age of 83.
# Thomas Pope (Canadian politician)

Thomas Pope (October 6, 1825 – June 29, 1863) was a Canadian independent politician and served as the eleventh mayor of Quebec City. He was in power from January 22, 1861, to January 29, 1863 (a total of two years and seven days), before being replaced by Adolphe Guillet dit Tourangeau. He replaced Hector-Louis Langevin and was the city's last non-Francophone mayor.

## Early years

Pope was born on October 6, 1825, in Prescott, Upper Canada, to Scottish immigrants and was later educated in Scotland before moving to Canada East.

## Legal and political career

After returning from his studies he became a lawyer after articling under Jean-François-Joseph Duval, whom later became Chief Justice of Quebec. Before becoming mayor Pope served on Quebec City Council from 1858 to 1861.

## Death

Pope died in office on June 29, 1863 and buried at Notre-Dame-de-Belmont Cemetery in Quebec City.

## Legacy

A short residential street, rue Thomas-Pope, in Quebec City is named for him.
# Hôtel de Groesbeeck - de Croix

The Hôtel de Groesbeeck - de Croix is a hotel particulier in Namur, Belgium. First built in the 13th century, it was resdesigned by the architect Jean-Baptiste Chermanne in the mid 18th century. The town council bought it in 1935 and it now houses the town's collection of 19th, 20th and 21st century decorative arts. It has been closed for restoration since February 2013 and is due to reopen at the end of 2018 or early in 2019.
# Master Trust Bank of Japan

The Master Trust Bank of Japan, Ltd. (日本マスタートラスト信託銀行株式会社, Nippon Masutā Torasuto Shintaku Ginkō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a trust bank in Japan. It was founded in 2000 and claims to be the first trust bank in Japan to be exclusively engaged in asset administration business.
The company's shareholders are Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation (46.5%), Nippon Life Insurance (33.5%), Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance (10%) and Norinchukin Trust & Banking Co. (10%). Master Trust Bank is treated as a consolidated subsidiary of Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking, and is by extension part of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group.
It is one of the three main master trust service providers in Japan, alongside Trust & Custody Services Bank (affiliated with Mizuho) and Japan Trustee Services Bank (affiliated with SMFG).

## Shares

By the end of 2016, the Master Trust Bank of Japan had round about 4.9 percent of the Japanese advertiser Dentsu, Inc. By the end of 2022, it holds circa 15.4 percent shares of Toyo Tires, worldwide according revenue the tenth biggest manufacturer of tires. Furthermore, it is with 10 percent biggest shareholder of the Japanese investment-company Softbank; last one was for example an early investor in the Chinese e-commerce-company Alibaba.

## History

Master Trust Bank was founded in 2000 with investments from Mitsubishi Trust Bank, Nippon Life Insurance, Toyo Trust Bank, Meiji Life Insurance and Deutsche Bank. A month after its founding, it became the first Japanese asset administrator to offer online information reporting services.
# Bert Eckhoff

Albertus "Bert" John Eckhoff (18 October 1901 – 9 December 1967) was a professional New Zealand rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s. He played at representative level for New Zealand, South Island and Otago, as a prop, or second-row.

## Rugby career

Bert Eckhoff began his career playing club rugby for the Zingari-Richmond club in Otago in 1922. He made 5 appearances for the Otago B side that same season. He was listed in the reserves to play Auckland for the full Otago side but did not take the field. In 1923 he was in the reserves to play for Otago in further matches and made his debut coming on for an injured player in their match with Auckland on 1 September. He then also played against North Otago a month later.
In 1924 while playing a club match for Zingari-Richmond against Alhambra on 21 June he was alleged to have kicked an opponent in the chest as he lay on the ground following a scrum. A lengthy meeting was held by the Otago union looking into the matter involving numerous witnesses as they sought to find the offending player. Eventually it was concluded that Eckhoff was the offender and after a further period of debate it was decided to suspend him until July 1926. Soon after this Eckhoff switched to rugby league which at that time did not recognise suspensions in the rugby code as it does today. Despite multiple appeals the union stuck to their original decision.

## Switch to rugby league

In 1924 Eckhoff joined the newly formed City Rovers club based in Dunedin though they did not play any matches as it was the tail end of the season. He was selected to play for the Otago side against Canterbury which they won on 6 September, and he was again in the victorious side which defeated the same opponents a month later on 4 October.
During the 1932 season Eckhoff decided to retire from playing and to make himself available as a referee. However he was soon drawn out of retirement to play the remainder of the year for City who were having a strong season. In so doing he brought up his 100th appearance for City.
He retired at the end of the season and refereed senior matches each week throughout 1933 and 1934 before the competition in Otago ceased entirely.

### International honours

Eckhoff represented New Zealand in 1928 in the 3rd test against Great Britain. He was selected for the 1930 NZ tour of Australia where he was appointed vice-captain.
# Harmol

Harmol is a chemical compound classified as a β-carboline. It is readily formed in vivo in humans by O-demethylation of harmine.
# Qeshlaq-e Gomar

Qeshlaq-e Gomar (Persian: قشلاق گمار, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Gomār) is a village in Hegmataneh Rural District, in the Central District of Hamadan County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 52, in 10 families.
# Danalpur

Danalpur is a village in Shri Mahaveer Ji Block of Rajasthan, India. It is located near Shri Mahavirji, which is a famous Jain religious place and is well connected to Jaipur ( the capital of Rajasthan) through State Highway. The population mainly consists of Meenas. The people here are well educated and hold high government positions. Distances from various cities:
* Hindaun City: 17.5 km
* Jaipur: 140 km
* Shri Mahavirji: 2 km
* Karauli: 30 km
# Nesah Kuh Ali Chin

Nesah Kuh Ali Chin (Persian: نسه كوه علي چين, also Romanized as Nesah Kūh ʿAlī Chīn; also known as Nesā’ Kūh) is a village in Chin Rural District, Ludab District, Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 8 families.
# Siata Daina

The Siata Daina is an Italian car produced by Siata from 1950-1958. The Daina was available as a coupé or a convertible and featured custom bodies by Stabilimenti Farina, Bertone and other coachbuilders.

## Performance

Like all Siata cars, the Daina was based on heavily modified Fiat mechanicals. In this case it was the Fiat 1400; the frame was reinforced and shortened while the engine was developed with new head valves, new manifolds, carburetors, and on some models, Abarth exhaust systems. The Daina could be had with a 1.4L (1,395 cc), 1.5L (1,500 cc) or 1.8L (1,817 cc) overhead valve I4 engine, all of which were sourced from Fiat. It featured independent front suspension and a live rear axle with coil springs all around, as well as 4-wheel drum brakes. It could be had with either a 4-speed or 5-speed manual gearbox.

## History

From 1950 to 1958 there were approximately 200 to 250 Daina Series cars produced. However, only a few of the Series were produced after 1953. Initially a 3 "posti" (seats) coupe and Cabriolet (trasformabile) were designed and built in aluminium with steel doors by Stabilimenti Farina. A Limousine and a sportscar named "Rally" were also built in the early days. Towards the end of the production of the Coupe and the Trasformabile a roadster was added to the line at Stab. Farina, the "Gran Sport", a closed version of the Gran Sport was added to the range, the "Sport". About 20 Daina Sport (coupes) are thought to have been built, at least eight are known to exist today. The Gran Sport comprised most of the Daina Series cars. The Gran Sport had a steel body with an aluminum hood designed by Stabilimenti Farina (3 all aluminum bodied Gran Sports were made as well) but when Stab. Farina closed in 1953, Bertone took over production with both the Sport and the Gran Sport. Furthermore some cars have been built by other coachbuilders.
The most well known Dainas were the Gran Sport (convertible) versions used in racing, with many calling it the "little Ferrari". The car was built to take part in the International Grand Prix and the Mille Miglia. The Daina's most notable finish was at the 12 Hours of Sebring in 1952 when Dick Irish and Bob Fergus piloted a 1,500 cc Daina Gran Sport to first in class and third overall.