OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Chesley Harris

George Chesley Harris (July 14, 1879 – January 28, 1954) was a merchant and politician in Newfoundland. He represented Burin in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1923 to 1924.
The son of Samuel Harris, a merchant and ship owner, and Mary Forsey, he was born in Grand Bank and was educated there and at Mount Allison University in New Brunswick. After completing a business course, Harris joined his father's export firm. In 1914, he became managing director for the company. The company expanded rapidly but a decline in market conditions and changes in government regulations led to the firm declaring bankruptcy in 1923. Harris began work in another of his father's companies, Western Marine Insurance Company, later becoming its president.
In 1904, he married Charlotte "Lottie" Pitts Pratt, the sister of poet E. J. Pratt.
Harris was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1923 as a Liberal-Labour-Progressive member. In 1924, his cousin Albert Hickman became premier and Harris transferred his support to the new government leader. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1924.
Harris later campaigned in support of union with Canada. He was named Chief Returning Officer for the Canadian federal riding of Burin—Burgeo in 1949 and served in that position again for the federal election held in 1953.
His former home, the George C. Harris House, was designated a Registered Heritage Structure in 1993.
# Massimo Santoro Tubito

Massimo Santoro Tubito or Latin: Maximus Xanthorus Tubitus (December 1660 - ...) was an Italian priest and writer. He's best known for his books Divinum Theatrum (1702) and De Antichristo (1712), both of them written in Latin. The subjects covered are history and religion.
The books are also known because he refers to himself as Latin: Altiliensis, seu Altamuranus which means "Altiliens or Altamuran", denoting that he was from the Apulian city of Altamura. Altiliensis refers to the legends about the founding of the city of Altamura, whose ancient name is believed to have been Altilia.
The toponym Altilia lacks historical evidence, and most scholars - such as Ottavio Serena - tend to reject it. According to other historians, such as Tommaso Berloco (1985), there isn't enough evidence either to dismiss the toponym or to prove it.

## Life

Massimo Santoro Tubito was born in Altamura on December 1660. His father was Angelo Tubito, while his mother was Angela Perillo. His brother was Michele Tubito, an apostolic protonotary. Both the death date and the death place are unknown.
He was member of the so-called Accademia degli Spensierati.

## In media

* Cesare Orlandi (1734-1779) cites Santoro Tubito in the first volume of his work.
* Massimo Santoro Tubito and his book De Antichristo are cited in Carlo Animato's book Roma kaputt mundi (2012).
# George T. Carty

George Thomas Carty (died 1928) was an Irish-born lawyer and politician in Newfoundland. He represented St. George's in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1904 to 1909 as a Liberal.
He was born in County Sligo and grew up there. Carty came to Newfoundland with his family in 1873. He worked as a solicitor in his brother Michael's law firm. He was named captain in the Royal Newfoundland Regiment at the start of World War I and saw action with the British Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. He was injured, was sent to a British hospital and returned to Newfoundland in 1916. He was called to the Newfoundland bar later that year. He served as Officer Commanding Depot and District Officer Commanding at St. John's before retiring from service at the rank of Colonel in 1919. Carty was named stipendiary magistrate for St. George's district in 1921, serving until his death in 1928.
# Harold Horwood

Harold Andrew Horwood, CM (November 2, 1923 – April 16, 2006) was a Newfoundland and Labrador novelist, non-fiction writer and politician. He was a Member of the Order of Canada.

## Early life

The son of Andrew Horwood and Vina Maidment, Horwood was born in St. John's, Newfoundland. He experienced a love of literature from a young age and while still an adolescent had already decided on a literary career. He pursued this goal despite the objections of his parents, with whom he did not get along, drawing more inspiration from the life of his paternal grandfather, John Horwood, a sea captain.
He was educated at Prince of Wales Collegiate and worked at various labouring jobs for a number of years, which eventually led him to become a labour organizer. Around the same time, he and his brother Charlie founded a literary magazine called Protocol. Beginning in 1948 he worked closely with Joey Smallwood in the campaign to bring Newfoundland into Confederation. From 1949 to 1951, he was a member of the Newfoundland House of Assembly, sitting as the member for Labrador for Smallwood's Liberals. After leaving politics he started writing a political column for the Evening Telegram newspaper. Though he supported Smallwood at first, by the mid-1950s he had become one of the premier's harshest critics.

## Writing career

His first book, Tomorrow Will be Sunday, was published in 1966. Though it was a novel, Horwood acknowledged its autobiographical elements. The novel White Eskimo (1972), arguably his best-known work, was inspired in part by Esau Gillingham. All told, he wrote more than 20 books, including novels, history, natural history, biography, and autobiography. His contribution to Newfoundland literature does not consist only of the works he produced, but also in the example he provided to young writers at a time when little literature had been produced in the province. However, as his political writing and some of his literature indicates, he did not always hold Newfoundland culture, particularly that of the 'outports' or fishing villages, in high regard.

## Other activities

During the 1960s he became an opponent of industrialization and began to interest himself in various 'counter-cultural' concerns. For a year he ran an alternative school in St. John's, known as "Animal Farm".
Among Horwood's other accomplishments were being a founding member and head of the Writers' Union of Canada, and holding the position of writer-in-residence at the University of Western Ontario and University of Waterloo.

## Later life

In 1980, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada for his "contributions to Canadian literature".
He lived his last twenty-five years in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. He and his wife Cornelia (Corky), whom he married in 1972, had two children, Andrew and Leah. He died of cancer at the age of 82 in Halifax.
# Dead Sea Works

The Dead Sea Works (Hebrew: מפעלי ים המלח, Mif'alei Yam HaMelakh) is an Israeli potash plant in Sdom, on the Dead Sea coast of Israel.

## History

Under the British administration, concessions from the Mandatory government were given. On January 1, 1930, the "Concession for the extraction of salts and minerals in the Dead Sea" was granted to Palestine Potash Limited by the governments of Palestine and Transjordan jointly. The company, whose directors included Moshe Novomeysky, had been incorporated in England in 1929 and registered as a foreign company in Palestine in 1930. From 1936, it was a profitable enterprise despite attempts by the German potash cartel to strangle the business by dumping potash at below-cost prices.
In the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the northern half of the production facilities was occupied by the Jordanian Legion, which was destroyed in the ensuing fighting.
In 1951, the company was nationalized by the Israeli government under the Ministry of Development. In 1953, it was renamed the Dead Sea Works.

## Today

Dead Sea Works is the world's fourth-largest producer and supplier of potash products. The company also produces magnesium chloride, industrial salts, de-icers, bath salts, table salt, and raw materials for the cosmetic industry. It has customers in over 60 countries. Dead Sea Works is part of the Fertilizers Division of Israel Chemicals Ltd. It is located in the southern basin of the Dead Sea and the extracted chemicals are exported around the world.
Rather than extracting potash and other minerals from the Dead Sea by mining them directly, the company makes use of solar evaporation with 2-meter deep evaporation ponds.

## Controversy

Dead Sea Works has been blamed by conservationists for polluting the environment and contributing to the Dead Sea's evaporation.
# Mossaka

Mossaka is a town located in the Cuvette Department, Republic of the Congo.
Located on the banks of the Congo River to the west of the mouth of the Likouala-Mossaka, Mossaka is known for its large fish production.
# 3rd Planet

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#REDIRECT Earth
# Flensburg–Husum–Tönning Railway Company

The Flensburg–Husum–Tönning Railway Company built the first railway line in the Danish Duchy of Schleswig. The line (Frederik den Syvendes Sydslesvigske Jernbane) opened in 1854 and was one of the first Danish railways.
* Flensburg–Husum–Tönning line with spur to Rendsburg north of the former German-Danish border (extract from German rail map of 1861)
* Changes in 1899 (extract from German rail map of 1899)

## Organisation and construction

The Flensburg-Husum-Tönninger Railway Company (Danish: Flensborg-Husum-Tønning jernbaneselskab, German: Flensburg-Husum-Tönninger Eisenbahngesellschaft, FHTE) was owned by the British entrepreneur, Sir Samuel Morton Peto and built its trunk line during the reign of Frederick VII of Denmark from 1852 to 1854. The company also built the port railways in Flensburg and Tönning. A major reason for the creation of a rail link between the Baltic port of Flensburg and the North Sea ports of Husum and especially Tönning on the Eider estuary was the export of live cattle to England. A temporary station was commissioned on 1 April 1854 and the permanent “English" station was fully opened in Flensburg on 4 October 1854, with a formal inauguration by the King on 25 October. At the same time, an important branch line was opened from Oster-Ohrstedt via Klosterkrug (now a station in the city of Schleswig) to Rendsburg, connecting to the Neumünster–Rendsburg line—opened on 18 September 1845 by the Rendsburg-Neumünster Railway Company (Rendsburg-Neumünsterschen Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, RNE)—which in turn connected with the Hamburg-Altona–Kiel line. An extension to the north from Holzkrug in Flensburg to Haderslev (now in Denmark) was completed on 2 May 1866. The year before the railway had been incorporated into the Schleswig Railway Company (Schleswigschen Eisenbahn).

## Route changes

While most of the route is still in operation, sections have disappeared, some of them in the transformation of the Schleswig's rail network after the conquest of the country by the kingdoms of Kingdom of Prussia and Austria in 1864 and its subsequent annexation by Prussia in 1866. On 29 December 1866, a section between Eggebek and Oster-Ohrstedt was abandoned and replaced by a more direct connection to Jübek on the new north-south line opened between Klosterkrug and Eggebek, where it connected with the line to Flensburg. In 1886 a connection was built between Platenhörn on the Husum–Tönning line and a junction at Hörn on a new extension of the Marsh Railway from Heide to Husum, which ran a little to the east of the Tönning line. In 1902, the old line between Husum and Platenhörn was dismantled. In 1928, the current Flensburg station replaced the old terminus at the end of the fjord, which became Germany's first bus station.
As a result of restructuring, the Flensburg-Husum-Tönning line now forms parts of three different rail lines:
* Neumünster–Flensburg,
* Husum–Kiel and
* Husum–Bad St. Peter-Ording.
# Sebeta Hawas

Sebata Hawas, also spelled Sabbataa Awaas, (Oromo: Saabataa Haawaass) is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, Alem Gena is on the southwest by Southwest Shewa Zone, on the northwest by Walmara, on the north by Burayu, on the northeast by the city of Addis Ababa, and on the east by the Akaki. The Awash River defines this woreda's boundary with south west Shewa Zone. The towns in Sebeta Hawas include Sebeta Hawas (Town), Awash Melka, and Tefki. The town of Sebeta was separated from this district.
The altitude of district ranges from 1700 metres above sea level to about 3385 metres. Rivers include the Sebeta. According to the district Agricultural and Rural Development Office, 87.2% of the land is devoted to agriculture, 4.2% is pasture, 2.9% is forest, 1.86% is reserved for industrial establishment, 1.68% is covered by lakes and other bodies of water, and built-up land covers 1.28%.

## Demographics

The 2007 national census reported this district's population as 132,294, of whom 68,133 were men and 64,161 women; 7,359 or 5.56% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants (87.44%) said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, while 5.37% of the population were Muslim, 4.57% observed traditional beliefs, and 2.44% were Protestant.
Based on figures published by the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this district has an estimated total population of 171,827, of whom 85,493 are men and 86,334 are women; 41,598 or 24.21% of its population are urban dwellers, which is greater than the Zone average of 12.3%. With an estimated area of 875.32 square kilometers, Alem Gena has an estimated population density of 196.3 people per square kilometer, which is greater than the Zone average of 152.8.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this district of 118,099, of whom 59,488 were men and 58,611 women; 23,296 or 19.73% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The six largest ethnic groups reported in Alem Gena were the Oromo (67.37%), the Amhara (17.91%), the Sebat Bet Gurage (4.54%), the Soddo Gurage (4.43%), the Werji (2.5%), and the Gamo (1.02%); all other ethnic groups made up 2.23% of the population. Oromo was spoken as a first language by 66.46%, 25.65% spoke Amharic, 3.27% Soddo Gurage, 2.18% Sebat Bet Gurage, and 1.02% Gamo; the remaining 1.42% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants professed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 91.89% of the population reporting they practiced that belief, while 6.27% of the population said they were Muslim, 1.03% were Protestant, and 0.72% observed traditional beliefs.
# Qeshlaq Rural District (Kaleybar County)

Qeshlaq Rural District (Persian: دهستان قشلاق) is in Abesh Ahmad District of Kaleybar County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Qarah Qayah.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 6,468 in 1,320 households. There were 5,250 inhabitants in 1,327 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 4,933 in 1,431 households. The most populous of its 29 villages was Qarah Qayah, with 714 people.
# Mouvement Normand

The Mouvement normand (Norman Movement) is a regionalist political organisation from Normandy, in Northern France.
Unlike many regionalist groupings, they are open to the view that people of Normandy are one of the constituent nationalities that made up the French nation. They also see the people of Normandy as direct inheritors of authentic Normans and also the results of their overseas exploits, including the Norman conquest of England.

## History

The Mouvement normand has its origins in the far-right French movement of the 1960s. In 1969, Rouen branch of the right-wing students' union Fédération nationale des étudiants de France merged with l'Union pour la Région Normande in Lisieux to form Mouvement de la Jeunesse de Normandie, renamed Mouvement normand in 1971. It is led by prominent right-wing activist Didier Patte, who is also a member of Groupement de recherche et d'études sur la culture européenne (GRECE, the Research and Study Group on European Culture).
The Mouvement normand had always recruited its supporters from the French far-right, especially Front National. However, in recent years, there is a significant attraction for the members of centre-right parties such as Union for French Democracy (UDF).

## Major goals

* The unification of Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie into a single région of "Normandie". The merging of the two regions was decided by the French Parliament in 2014 and became effective on January 1, 2016
* More authority for the regional government of Normandy
* The recognition and preservation of the "unique" cultural character of Normandy, formed with elements from the Scandinavian culture as well as Gallic culture
# Al-Rakah Antiquities

Al-Rakah Antiquities are a collection of remains of buildings, gold face mask, gold chains and some pottery pieces, its may belong to the 4th millennium BC. Its located in Al-Rakah in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Some researcher indicated that there is many Antiquities in the same area that belong to the Hellenistic Period, and Sasanian period.

## Al-Rakah

Al-Rakah located in the north of Al-Khobar city. John Gordon Lorimer wrote about it in his book Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia: "A well located on the coast one mile northwest of Al-Husayn Castle".

## Description

The city was underground, they excavation the area and discover 20 house and many wells. The lower layer of the houses was covered with 10 cm of sand, topped with a layer of compost. The house consist of four bedrooms one of them for only making date molasses, this explains that the area was full of palm trees. They discover in the same place some pottery pieces and ceramic pieces, glass, soapstone and some of coins from the first and second Hijri century (Sadr Al-Islam, the Umayyad period and the beginning of the Abbasid era).
The house has an external courtyard which include many ovens. Each group of houses has a well, while the depth of the well is two meters. Also, the well is connects with a basin. Then the water serve the northern side and southeast .
# Incident at Raven's Gate

Incident at Raven's Gate (also released as Encounter at Raven's Gate) is a 1988 science fiction arthouse feature film directed by prominent Australian director Rolf de Heer.
The cast of Incident at Raven's Gate includes long-term Australian stage and screen actor Max Cullen as a policeman and Terry Camilleri as an astrophysicist attached to Special Branch, investigating unexplained radar signals in a remote South Australian country town.

## Plot

At Raven's Gate, a farming property, enthusiastic hydroponicist Richard Cleary (Ritchie Singer) is trying innovative farming practices. He is also trying to accommodate his brother Eddie (Steven Vidler), newly out of jail and more interested in Richard's wife Rachel (Celine Griffin) than in working on the property.
Strange events on the property and a minor crime in the town attract policeman Taylor (Max Cullen) and Special Branch investigator Cummings (Terry Camilleri). Eddie has the misfortune to cross local cop Skinner (Vincent Gil), for dating the target of his affections, barmaid Annie (Saturday Rosenberg).
Tensions in personal relationships and mysterious events (bird kills, disappearing water supplies) build. Raven's Gate is assaulted by an alien force, and a number of deaths occur amongst the protagonists. The film closes with the stunned survivors Eddie and Rachel standing outside Raven's Gate homestead, newly restored by Special Branch, and the soundtrack playing the Easybeats' song "Friday on My Mind".

## Cast

* Ritchie Singer as Richard Cleary
* Steven Vidler as Eddie
* Celine Griffin as Rachel
* Max Cullen as Taylor
* Terry Camilleri as Special Branch Investigator Hemmings
* Vincent Gil as Skinner
* Saturday Rosenberg as Annie

## Production

Incident at Raven's Gate is a genre-crossing film: part thriller, part science fiction, and part psychological drama. It was shot on location and made in South Australia, with South Australian Film Corporation support, for a budget of A$2.5 million. The filmmakers say only $1.1 million was spent on the actual film, and the rest were fees for executive producers, writers and producers.
It was co-produced by de Heer and Marc Rosenberg, who wrote the script from a screenplay by James Michael Vernon. It was filmed in South Australia's Riverland and Murraylands, and Carrington, New South Wales.

## Critical reception

The movie achieved only limited release and did not receive the critical acclaim of many other de Heer films. It nevertheless managed three nominations at the 1988 Australian Film Institute Awards.

### Other reviews

* Hutak, M. (1989). 'Incident at Raven's Gate', Film News, April, no. 3.
* Stratton, D. (1988). 'Incident at Raven's Gate', Variety, August.
# Leipzig Debate

The Leipzig Debate (German: Leipziger Disputation) was a theological disputation originally between Andreas Karlstadt, Martin Luther and Johann Eck. Karlstadt, the dean of the Wittenberg theological faculty, felt that he had to defend Luther against Eck's critical commentary on the 95 Theses and so challenged Johann Eck, a professor of theology at the University of Ingolstadt, to a public debate concerning the doctrines of free will and grace.
The Leipzig Debate took place in June and July 1519 at Pleissenburg Castle in Leipzig, Germany. Its purpose was to discuss Martin Luther's teachings and was initiated and conducted in the presence of George, Duke of Saxony, an opponent of Luther. Eck, considered the master debater in the Holy Roman Empire, was concerned about clerical abuses, but his life's work had been dedicated to the defence of Catholic teachings and combating heresy.
Eck invited Luther to join the debate, and when Luther arrived in July, he and Eck expanded the terms of the debate to include matters such as the existence of purgatory, the sale of indulgences, the need for and methods of penance and the legitimacy of papal authority.
Also, Luther's position (also supported by Erasmus) on burning heretics was later summarized as one of the positions (or errors) specifically censured in Exsurge Domine "Haereticos comburi est contra voluntatem Spiritus" (It is contrary to the Spirit to burn heretics).
The debate led Pope Leo X to censor Luther and threaten him with excommunication from the Catholic Church in his June 1520 papal bull, Exsurge Domine, which banned Luther's views from being preached or written.

## Participants

* Representatives from Wittenberg
* Martin Luther
* Andreas Karlstadt
* Philipp Melanchthon
* Nikolaus von Amsdorf
* Representative from Ingolstadt
* Johannes Eck

## Miscellaneous

In Leipzig, the facade of the new building Burgplatz-Passage, covered with Cotta Sandstone, contains six life-size figures with reference to the Leipzig Debate, which took place in the Pleissenburg castle opposite.