OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Geoffrey Lofthouse

Geoffrey Lofthouse, Baron Lofthouse of Pontefract, JP (18 December 1925 – 1 November 2012), popularly known in his former constituency as Geoff Lofthouse, was a British Labour politician, MP and life peer.

## Early life

He was born in Featherstone, West Riding of Yorkshire, the son of Ernest Lofthouse, a farm labourer in Micklefield, and Emma (née Fellows). His father died at the age of 35. At the age of 14, Geoff Lofthouse went to work at Ackton Hall Colliery in Featherstone. At age 29, he was the president of the local branch of the NUM. He went to the University of Leeds, gaining a BA in Political Studies in 1957, when he was 32 years old. In 1962, he became a councillor on Pontefract Borough Council. He was mayor of Pontefract in 1967, and leader of the council from 1969 to 1973.

## Parliamentary career

He was MP for Pontefract and Castleford from a 1978 by-election until his retirement at the 1997 general election. In the House of Commons, he served from 1992 until his retirement as a Deputy Speaker of the House to Betty Boothroyd. In the Queen's Birthday Honours 1995 Lofthouse was appointed a Knight Bachelor. In the Queen's Birthday Honours 1997 Lofthouse was made a life peer as Baron Lofthouse of Pontefract, of Pontefract, in the county of West Yorkshire.

## Publications

His autobiography, A Very Miner MP, is available from Yorkshire Art Circus Publishers. He also wrote a further autobiography, From Coal Sack to Woolsack.

## Personal life

He married when he was 20 years old; he and his wife Sarah had a daughter.

## Death

Lord Lofthouse died on 1 November 2012, aged 86. His funeral service was held at St Giles' Church, Pontefract.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Geoffrey Lofthouse :
* CrestA canary Or holding in the dexter foot a miner's lamp Sable glazed Proper.
* EscutcheonAzure on a pale between and conjoined to two grilles throughout Or the whole surmounted by three chevronels Argent over all on a pale Sable three ellipses palewise.
* SupportersOn either side a mole sejant erect holding in the mouth a rose Argent barbed and seeded slipped and leaved Or.
* MottoStick And Lift
# Danish Runic Inscription 120

Runestone DR 120, MJy 51, known as Spentrup stone 2 and the Jennum stone, is a Viking Age runestone engraved with the Younger Futhark and a Thor's hammer.

## Stone

The runestone was first mentioned by 18th-century scholar Søren Abildgaard, who wrote that it was found at the end of a stone bridge in the village of Jennum. It was lost for a long time until it was rediscovered in 1913, but by then it had been split into seven pieces. It was repaired and raised at the museum in the town of Randers. In the 1960s it was transferred to the new Museum Østjylland [da], during which it broke into 14 or 15 pieces; it has been restored.
The stone is granite, with a memorial inscription in the Younger Futhark in the RAK style, dated to 970-1020 or to 1000–1050. The top of the stone, including part of the inscription band, is missing.
The stone shows one of several pictorial representations of Thor's hammer, following the last punctuation mark (x) at the end of the inscription on the left; it resembles a cross or hammer on the front of the Karlevi Runestone, Öl 1. Other stones with Thor's hammer include DR 26, VG 113, Sö 86 and Sö 111.

## Inscription

Template:Script interlinear: no lines supplied.;
# Rashtin

Rashtin (Persian: رشتين, also Romanized as Rashtīn) is a village in Maskun Rural District, Jebalbarez District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 328, in 70 families.
# Shur Rud

Shur Rud (Persian: شوررود, also Romanized as Shūr Rūd) is a village in Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 840, in 203 families.
# Bornholm amulet

The Bornholm amulet is a silver coin with Latin text written with runic inscription. The amulet is 2.5 cm in diameter.

## Discovery

The finding place is unknown but the coin was handed over to the National Museum of Denmark in 1821, with information that the coin was found in the year 1770 on Bornholm.

## Dating

The dating of the amulet was at first considered to be between 907 and 913. In 1965, the dating was revised to be between 885 and 896.

## Inscription

The height of the runes are 0,3-0,8 cm.
Template:Script interlinear: no lines supplied.;
Template:Script interlinear: no lines supplied.;
The inscription may very well be the oldest example of so-called Runic Latin in Denmark.
# Anjil Si Kabud Tabar

Anjil Si Kabud Tabar (Persian: انجيل سي كبودتبار, also Romanized as Ānjīl Sī Kabūd Tabār) is a village in Deraz Kola Rural District, Babol Kenar District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 17 families.
# 1889 VFA season

The 1889 Victorian Football Association season was the 13th season of the Australian rules football competition.
The premiership was won by the South Melbourne Football Club. It was the fourth premiership in the club's history, and the second out of a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1888 to 1890.

## Association membership

The number of teams contesting the Association premiership reduced from 16 senior teams to 12 in 1889.
The three Ballarat-based clubs – Ballarat, South Ballarat and Ballarat Imperial remained senior clubs, represented on the Association Board of Management and contested the Ballarat premiership, but matches played against them by metropolitan clubs (which often occurred during bye weeks) no longer qualified for the premiership. University, after a winless 1888 season, dropped out of the Association and went into recess.

## 1889 VFA ladder

Teams did not play a uniform number of premiership matches during the season. As such, in the final standings, each team's premiership points were adjusted upwards proportionally to represent a 21-match season – e.g., South Melbourne played 19 matches, so its tally of premiership points was increased by a factor of 21/19. After this adjustment, there was no formal process for breaking a tie.
1889 VFA ladder :
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | D | GF | GA | Pts | Adj Pts |
| 1 | South Melbourne (P) | 19 | 14 | 2 | 3 | 122 | 49 | 62 | 68.53 |
| 2 | Carlton | 20 | 15 | 5 | 0 | 100 | 64 | 60 | 63.00 |
| 3 | Port Melbourne | 20 | 13 | 4 | 3 | 93 | 55 | 58 | 60.90 |
| 4 | Essendon | 21 | 13 | 8 | 0 | 112 | 55 | 52 | 52.00 |
| 5 | Geelong | 20 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 88 | 73 | 48 | 50.40 |
| 6 | North Melbourne | 20 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 94 | 75 | 46 | 48.30 |
| 7 | Fitzroy | 20 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 86 | 66 | 44 | 46.20 |
| 8 | Richmond | 19 | 7 | 11 | 1 | 62 | 102 | 30 | 33.16 |
| 9 | St Kilda | 19 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 61 | 114 | 26 | 30.33 |
| 10 | Williamstown | 20 | 5 | 13 | 2 | 55 | 73 | 24 | 25.20 |
| 11 | Melbourne | 21 | 4 | 16 | 1 | 46 | 142 | 18 | 18.00 |
| 12 | Footscray | 16 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 37 | 88 | 4 | 5.25 |

## Notable events

* Amendments to the rules prior to the season included:
** Changes the rules related to the end of a quarter, allowing a ball in transit at the sound of the bell to score, and allowing a player who had marked prior to the bell to take a set shot after the bell which would still count. Prior to this, the ball was declared dead for no score as soon as the bell sounded in either instance.
** A new requirement that a team kicking off from the centre (to start a quarter or after a goal) kick a distance of at least twenty yards, preventing them from dribble-kicking and immediately recovering the ball.
* Footscray defeated Melbourne 5–2 in its sixth premiership fixture for the season, but the win was awarded to Melbourne on protest because Footscray fielded a player without the proper clearance.
# Ulhas Asnodkar

Ulhas Asnodkar is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Goa Legislative Assembly from Aldona in the 1999 Goa Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was Deputy Speaker of the Goa Legislative Assembly from December 1999 to February 2002.
# Mandol District

Mandol District (Pashto: مندول ولسوالۍ, Persian: ولسوالی مندول) is a district of Nuristan Province in eastern Afghanistan. It was originally in Laghman Province and then was moved to the newly created Nuristan Province in 2001.
# Al-Majza'a

Al-Majza'a (Arabic: ألمجزع) is a sub-district located in al-Sayyani District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Al-Majza'a had a population of 3970 according to the 2004 census.
# Jose Baby

Jose Baby (born 24 February 1959) is an Indian politician and leader of Communist Party of India. He was the Deputy Speaker of 12th KLA. He represented Mannarkkad constituency in 10th and 12th Kerala Legislative Assembly.
# Petushki, Vladimir Oblast

Petushki (Russian: Петушки́, lit. little roosters) is a town and the administrative center of Petushinsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Klyazma River on the Moscow–Nizhny Novgorod railway and motorway, 67 kilometers (42 mi) west of Vladimir, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 13,317 (2021 Census); 15,148 (2010 Census); 16,482 (2002 Census); 20,144 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was founded near Petushki railway station, which was opened in 1861. Town status was granted to it in 1965.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Petushki serves as the administrative center of Petushinsky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the town of Petushki is incorporated within Petushinsky Municipal District as Petushki Urban Settlement.
# Liteni

Liteni (German: Leiten) is a town in Suceava County, northeastern Romania. It is situated in the historical region of Western Moldavia. Liteni is the ninth-largest urban settlement in the county, with a population of 8,878 inhabitants, according to the 2021 census. It was declared a town in 2004, along with seven other localities in Suceava County. The town administers five villages, namely: Corni, Roșcani, Rotunda, Siliștea, and Vercicani.
Liteni is located in the south-eastern part of Suceava County, near the confluence of the Suceava River and the Siret River. The town of Dolhasca is nearby. Despite being a town, Liteni has a rural aspect in many areas and the main occupation of its inhabitants is agriculture.

## Administration and local politics
### Town council

The town's current local council has the following political composition, according to the results of the 2020 Romanian local elections:
| Party | Seats |
| National Liberal Party (PNL) | 11 |
| Social Democratic Party (PSD) | 3 |
| People's Movement Party (PMP) | 2 |
| Independent (Ceornei Gheorghe) | 1 |
# Young Turks (disambiguation)

Young Turks was a reform movement during the last years of the Ottoman Empire. The phrase young Turks is used more generally for young people who agitate for political or other reform, or who have a rebellious disposition.
Young Turks may also refer to:

## Politics

* Young Turks (U.S. politics), a group of Republicans in the 1960s
* Young Turks (Thailand), a clique of military officers which played an important role in the coups during the 1970s and 1980s
* Young Turks (Vietnam), a group of officers who helped Nguyễn Khánh stay in power in the September 1964 South Vietnamese coup attempt
* Young Turks (New Zealand), a group of National Party politicians critical of their party's senior leadership in the early 1960s consisting of Robert Muldoon, Duncan MacIntyre, and Peter Gordon
* Andrea Orlando, Italian politician nicknamed "Young Turk"

## Music

* Young Turks (record label), former name of British independent record label Young
* "Young Turks" (song), a 1981 song by Rod Stewart
* Young Turk (rapper), an American rapper

## Gangs

* A 1990s Philadelphia street gang under Mafia boss Joey Merlino
* An early 20th century group of young Mafia members opposing the old guard or "Mustache Petes"

## Other uses

* The Young Turks (TYT), a U.S.-based progressive, left-wing YouTube show that additionally appears on selected television channels.
* Young Turks (Bell Labs), a group of influential scientists who worked at Bell Labs
* Young Turk, a 2004 novel by Moris Farhi, 2004
# Zavardasht

Zavardasht (Persian: زواردشت, also Romanized as Zavārdasht and Zavār Dasht) is a village in Moallem Kalayeh Rural District, Rudbar-e Alamut District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 185, in 69 families.
# Tian Dasht

Tian Dasht (Persian: طياندشت, also Romanized as Ţīān Dasht and Ţīāndasht; also known as Tīābash) is a village in Dastjerd Rural District, Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 97, in 24 families.
# Pain Derazlat

Pain Derazlat (Persian: پائين درازلات, also Romanized as Pā’īn Derāzlāt; also known as Derāz Lāt) is a village in Rahimabad Rural District, Rahimabad District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 53, in 8 families.
# Baba Julan

Baba Julan (Persian: بابا جولان, also Romanized as Bābā Jūlān and Bābājīlān) is a village in Itivand-e Jonubi Rural District, Kakavand District, Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 60, in 11 families.
# Lalrinawma

Lalrinawma is a Mizo National Front politician from Mizoram. He has been elected in Mizoram Legislative Assembly election in 2018 from Tuikum constituency, as candidate of Mizo National Front. He is current Cabinet Minister of Mizoram Legislative Assembly.
# Pono Moatlhodi

Pono Moatlhodi is a politician from Botswana serving as the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly. He is the BDP Member of Parliament for Tonota South. He was elected as an MP for the opposition party, Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC) before he crossed the floor to rejoin the BDP in December 2020.
# Burmanak

Burmanak (Persian: بورمانك, also Romanized as Būrmānak and Boormanak; also known as Bormānakī, Būryānak, Loshgin, Loshjīn, and Lūshgīn) is a village in Niyarak Rural District, Tarom Sofla District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 117 in 28 families.
# Sardar Muhammad Yaqoob

Sardar Muhammad Yaqoob (سردار محمد یعقوب; died 20 October 2021) was a Pakistani politician who served as 16th Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 19 November 2002 to 15 November 2007.
# Baldev Raj Chawla

Baldev Raj Chawla (17 January 1938 – 17 January 2024) was an Indian politician who was leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party from Punjab. He was a member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly. Chawla served as deputy speaker of the assembly and a cabinet minister in Government of Punjab. He also served as the Health Minister in the government of Parkash Singh Badal. Chawla died in Ludhiana on 17 January 2024, his 86th birthday.
# Chakrud

Chakrud (Persian: چكرود, also Romanized as Chakrūd) is a village in Siyarastaq Yeylaq Rural District, Rahimabad District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 6 families.
# Quasi-crystals (supramolecular)

Quasi-crystals are supramolecular aggregates exhibiting both crystalline (solid) properties as well as amorphous, liquid-like properties.
Self-organized structures termed "quasi-crystals" were originally described in 1978 by the Israeli scientist Valeri A. Krongauz of the Weizmann Institute of Science, in the Nature paper, Quasi-crystals from irradiated photochromic dyes in an applied electric field.
In his 1978 paper Krongauz coined the term “Quasi-Crystals” for the new self-organized colloidal particles . The Quasi-crystals are supramolecular aggregates manifesting both crystalline properties e.g. Bragg scattering, as well as amorphous, liquid-like properties i.e. drop-like shapes, fluidity, extensibility and elasticity in electric field. The supramolecular Quasi-crystals are produced in photochemical reaction by exposing solutions of photochromic spiropyran molecules to UV radiation. The ultraviolet light induces the conversion of the spiropyrans to merocyanine molecules that manifest electric dipole moments. (see Scheme 1). The quasi-crystals have external shape of submicron globules and their internal structure consists of crystals enveloped by an amorphous matter (see Fig. 1). The crystals are formed by self-assembled stacks of the merocyanine molecular dipoles aligning themselves in a parallel manner, while amorphous envelopes consist of the same merocyanine dipoles aligned in an anti-parallel manner (Fig. 1, Scheme 2). In an applied electrostatic field, quasi-crystals form macroscopic threads that show linear optical dichroism.
Later Krongauz described unusual phase transitions of molecules composed of mesogenic and spiropyran moieties, which he named "quasi-liquid crystals." A micrograph of their mesophase appeared on the cover of Nature in a 1984 paper, “Quasi-Liquid Crystals.” The investigation of spiropyran-merocyanine self-organized systems, including macromolecules (see, for example, Fig. 2), has continued over the years.
These studies have resulted in discoveries of unusual and practically significant phenomena. Thus, in the electrostatic field, quasi-crystals and quasi-liquid crystals have exhibited 2nd order non-linear optical properties.
Potential applications of these fascinating materials have been described and patented.
Work on spiropyran-merocyanine self-assemblies currently continues in several laboratories.
# Golbin

Golbin (Persian: گل بين, also Romanized as Golbīn) is a village in Sarvelayat Rural District, Sarvelayat District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 172, in 50 families.
# Lydia the Tattooed Lady

"Lydia, the Tattooed Lady" is a 1939 song written by Yip Harburg and Harold Arlen. It first appeared in the Marx Brothers film At the Circus (1939) and became one of Groucho Marx's signature tunes. It subsequently appeared in the movie The Philadelphia Story (1940), sung by Virginia Weidler as Dinah Lord.
The complex lyrics by Harburg – with clever rhymes such as "Lydia/encyclopedia" and "Amazon/pajamas on" – were inspired by W. S. Gilbert. Harburg made many contemporary references to topical personalities such as Grover Whalen, who opened the 1939 New York World's Fair.
Among the items, persons, and scenes tattooed on Lydia's body are the Battle of Waterloo (on her back), The Wreck of the Hesperus (beside it), the red, white and blue (above them); the cities of Kankakee and "Paree", Washington Crossing the Delaware, President Andrew Jackson, Niagara, Alcatraz, Buffalo Bill, Captain Spaulding (Groucho's character in Animal Crackers) exploring the Amazon, Lady Godiva (but with her pajamas on), Grover Whalen, the Trylon, Treasure Island, Nijinsky, Social Security Number (behind her earlobe) and a fleet of ships (on her hips). Alternative lyrics suggest that Lydia's buttocks have tattoos of a map and a caricature of Hitler: "When she stands, the world grows littler. When she sits, she sits on Hitler."
The song was parodied by The Capitol Steps as "Libya, Oh Libya" (the Terrorist Nation) on their album Thank God I'm a Contra Boy and was featured in the 1991 film The Fisher King in reference to Amanda Plummer's character. It was also used as a ringtone in the finale of the American TV show Breaking Bad.
# Eugène Flotard

Eugène Flotard (21 March 1821 - 10 January 1910) was a French republican politician. Flotard was born in Saint-Étienne and was a member of the National Assembly from 1871 to 1876. He belonged to the Opportunist Republican parliamentary group, Gauche républicaine.
# Deh-e Now, Qaedrahmat

Deh-e Now (Persian: دهنو, also Romanized as Deh Nau and Dehnow) is a village in Qaedrahmat Rural District, Zagheh District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 119, in 27 families.
# Qazi Abdul Sattar

Qazi Abdul Sattar (8 February 1933 at Machreta – 29 October 2018 at New Delhi) was an Indian novelist and short story writer who wrote in Urdu.
He had penned several Urdu novels – mainly set in historical contexts – including Shab Gazida, Dara Shikoh, Salahuddin Ayyubi, Khalid Ibn-e-Waleed, and Ghalib.

## Early life and education

He was born in 1933 in Machreta near Sitapur. He completed his post graduation from Lucknow University. In 1954 he joined Aligarh Muslim University as a researcher. He served as a Professor of Urdu in Aligarh Muslim University until his retirement in 1991.

## Books

Fiction
* Shikast ki Awaaz (also published as Pehli Aur Akhiri Kitaab)
* Shab-Ghazida (1966)
* Kaali Raat Ka Dasa Hua (2023, Rajmangal Prakashan)
* Baadal
* Majju Bhaiya
* Gubaar-e-Shab
* Salahuddin Ayyubi (1968)
* Dara Shikoh (1968)
* Ghalib (1976)
* Hazrat Jaan
* Khalid Ibn-e-Waleed
* Tajam Sultan
* Aaen-e-Ayyam
* Peetal ka Ghanta
Critics
* Urdu Shaiyri Mein Qunutiat
* Jamaliyaat Aur Hindustani Jamaliyaat

## Awards received

In 1974 he won the Padma Shri.
# Lashgargah, Khuzestan

Lashgargah (Persian: لشگرگاه, also Romanized as Lashgargāh) is a village in Margha Rural District, in the Central District of Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 287, in 46 families.
# Dörpstedt

Dörpstedt (Danish: Dørpsted) is a municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# Sareisa

Sareisa or Shareisha (Greek: Σάρεισά) was an ancient city in southeast Anatolia, near Tigris. It is mentioned by Strabo as a city of Cordyene. Ancient Assyrian inscriptions mention it as 'Shareisha' or 'Shereshe'; Tiglath-Pileser I (c. 1100 BC) reports his conquest of the city and defeat of the forces of Kurte.
# Suk Bahadur Rai

Private Aung San Thuriya Suk Bahadur Rai (Nepali: सुक बहादुर राई, Burmese: ဆွတ်(ခ်)ဗဟာဒူးရိုင်း) (serial No.(kyee) 01914) was the only Gurkha (ဂေါ်ရခါး in Burmese) to have received Aung San Thuriya medal, the highest and most prestigious award in Myanmar (Burma) for gallantry and bravery in the face of enemy.
He was killed in action while fighting against invading Kuomintang (KMT) troops of General Li Mi of China in the Battle of Tachileik Highway in Shan State, Myanmar in 1950. Throughout the action, he displayed conspicuous gallantry and responsible for killing several enemy combatants.
Suk Bahdur Rai was honoured and awarded Aung San Thuriya medal posthumously by President Mahn Win Maung.

## Commemorations

* Aung San Thuriya Suk Bahadur Rai Street in downtown Yangon is named in his honour.
# Alfred Carroll

Alfred Henry Carroll (March 2, 1846 – June 9, 1924) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1903 to 1914, as a member of the Conservative Party.

## Early life

Carroll was born in the township of West Zorra, Oxford County, Canada West (now Ontario), the son of Daniel Carroll. He was educated at Woodstock, and first worked in the lumbering trade in Virginia. Carroll next was a merchant in Walkerton, Ontario.

## Career

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1903 provincial election, defeating Liberal candidate John Watson by twelve votes in South Brandon. The Conservatives won this election, and Carroll served in the legislature as a backbench supporter of Rodmond Roblin's administration.
He was re-elected by nine votes in the 1907 election, and by ten votes in 1910. He did not seek re-election in 1914.

## Personal life

He married Mary Ellen Dent in 1877. In 1881, he came to Manitoba, where he was a farmer. Carroll served as a councillor and reeve for the Rural Municipality of Oakland. In religion, he was a member of the Church of England.

## Death

In 1915, Carroll moved to Beachville, Ontario, where he died at the age of 78.