OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard Wardlaw

Lieutenant General Richard Wardlaw, CB, OBE is a retired senior British Army officer, who served as the Chief of Defence Logistics and Support within Strategic Command from 2019 to 2023.

## Military career

Wardlaw was first commissioned as a second lieutenant (on probation) in 1986, on a Short Service Limited Commission—a scheme that commissioned prospective officers for a gap year before progressing on to university—within the Royal Engineers. The subsequent year, he joined the University Officers' Training Corps while studying for a Bachelor of Engineering in Production Engineering at the University of Nottingham, commissioning once more as a second lieutenant (on probation) in 1988. After attending the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, he was confirmed as a second lieutenant in 1991, returning to the Royal Engineers. After promotion to lieutenant in 1991, Wardlaw joined the Queen's Gurkha Engineers as a troop commander, serving in Hong Kong and Brunei. Being promoted to captain in 1995, and progressing onto major and lieutenant colonel, Wardlaw continued to serve with the Queen's Gurkha Engineers as a squadron second-in-command, squadron commander, and finally as the commanding officer of 36 Engineer Regiment and commandant of the Queen's Gurkha Engineers. Upon promotion to colonel in 2009 (and later brigadier), and his transfer to the General Staff, Wardlaw served as the Assistant Director of Manning (Plans and Policy), Chief Engineer of the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps and Director of Plans (Army). Promotion to major general came in 2015, along with the roles of Chief of Staff of the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps and Director of Army Basing and Infrastructure, before Wardlaw was appointed as the Chief of Defence Logistics and Support along with promotion to lieutenant general in 2019. He was succeeded in this position in late 2023, and retired from the army on 31 January 2024.
Wardlaw previously served as the Colonel of the Queen's Gurkha Engineers from 2016 to 2020, and was one of the 12 Colonel Commandants of the Royal Engineers from 2015 to 2020. He was Colonel Commandant of the Brigade of Gurkhas from 2020 to 2024, and the Chairman of The Gurkha Welfare Trust from 2020; along with Chairman of the Royal Engineers Officers' Widows Society, and a Trustee of the Royal Engineer Yacht Club.
Wardlaw was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours. In the 2024 King's Birthday Honours, he was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB).

## Personal life

Wardlaw is married to Judith and has two daughters.
# S. D. Bandaranayake

Samuel Dias Bandaranayake (1 December 1917 – 3 June 2014) was a Sri Lankan socialist politician and a member of parliament representing Gampaha.

## Early life and education

Born to a wealthy family, his father was Conrad Peter Dias Bandaranayake, Muhandiram of the Guard and Siyane Korale and his mother was the daughter of Mudaliyar Ekanayake from Matara, his grandfather was Conrad (Peter) Petrus Dias Wijewardena Bandaranaike, Maha Mudaliyar. He was a cousin of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike. He was educated at S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia, St. Thomas' College, Matara and studied agriculture at the University of Travancore. While in India he met figures such as Subhas Chandra Bose and Rabindranath Tagore. On his return he joined the newly formed Ceylon Agricultural Corps as a Commandant during World War II.
After the war he entered politics, campaigning for S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike and joined his newly formed Sri Lanka Freedom Party. He was elected to parliament in 1952 general election from the Gampaha electorate, however he did not accept the office due to disagreements with S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike on the Sinhala Only Act. However, he was instrumental in stopping J. R. Jayewardene's march to Kandy in protest of the Bandaranaike–Chelvanayakam Pact. He was re-elected in the next four elections in 1956, 1960 March, 1960 July and 1965. He lost his seat to A. T. Basnayake of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, having contested the 1970 general election as an independent.
He was involved in the 1971 JVP Insurrection against the SLFP led government under Sirimavo Bandaranaike. The Criminal Justice Commission which was set up to prosecute insurgents found him guilty of two counts of being a member of the JVP and attending the five lectures. He was given a suspended sentence of two years. In 1977, he was reelected in the 1977 general election from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.

## Family

His son, Pandu, is one of the sitting members of parliament for Gampaha (1994-present).
# Duży Dół

Duży Dół (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grójec, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Grójec and 35 km (22 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Danish Union of Teachers

The Danish Union of Teachers (Danish: Danmarks Lærerforening or DLF) is a trade union in Denmark.
The union represents 97% of all primary and lower secondary teachers, and in 2005 it had a membership of 85,000.
The union was founded in 1874. In 1952, it affiliated to the Confederation of Professionals in Denmark, and since 2019, it has been affiliated to its successor, the Danish Trade Union Confederation. It is also affiliated to Education International.
# Léandre Thibault

Léandre Thibault (9 June 1899 – 19 December 1971) was a Canadian automobile dealer, building contractor and industrialist. He served as a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Baie-des-Sables, Quebec.
He was first elected at the Matapédia—Matane riding in the 1953 general election and re-elected for a second term in 1957. After completing that term, the 23rd Canadian Parliament, Thibault left federal office and did not seek re-election in 1958.
Thibault was also a Mayor of Matane, Quebec. He died prior to September 1989.
# Nathaniel Johnson (politician)

Sir Nathaniel Johnson (7 April 1644 – 1 July 1712) was an English soldier, politician and colonial administrator who sat in the House of Commons of England representing the constituency of Newcastle-upon-Tyne from 1680 to 1689. He also served as the governor of the Leeward Islands and the governor of Carolina.

## Early life

Nathaniel Johnson was born on 7 April 1644 near Kibblesworth, Durham. He joined the English Army in his youth. Eventually, he started serving as member of parliament in the House of Commons of England, representing the constituency of Newcastle-upon-Tyne from 1680 to 1689.

## Governorships

In 1686, he was appointed governor of the Leeward Islands, governing Treves, Saint Kitts, Montserrat, and Antigua. He travelled to the Province of Carolina in 1689, becoming its governor in 1703. While he started his government sanctioned "a blow at the Spanish interest directed against Louisiana and Florida: the Apalachee expedition of 1704". In 1702, while he governed there, he oversaw the defense of Charles Town against an attempted Franco-Spanish assault. In addition, he created the Parish system in this colony.
Johnson rejected the constitutions of church and state because he believed these were dissenters of all denominations. So, to reduce or eliminate their power and influence, the Commons House of Assembly established a new bill that expulsed to the dissenters (who were mostly in South Carolina) of the Common House. The bill forced to the people who would want to be chosen in the Assembly accept and practice the rites of the Church of England, doing an oath, subscribing to a declaration and receiving a sacrament own of this church.
The dissenters refused this measure because they thought the governor had taken away their civil rights and religious liberties. The residents of Colleton County, elaborated and written about his "grievous circumstances" and gave it to the Lords Proprietors with order that they remove the law. It was enacted, that twenty lay-persons be constituted a corporation for the exercise of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, with full power to deprive ministers of their livings at pleasure, not for immorality only, but also for imprudence, or on account of unreasonable prejudices taken against them.

## Death and family

He ended his term in 1709 and died 1 July 1712 in Berkeley County, South Carolina. Johnson had, at least, two children: Robert, also a future Governor of South Carolina, and Ann (who married Gov. Thomas Broughton).
# Constant weight without fins

Constant weight without fins (CNF) is an AIDA International (International Association for Development of Apnea) freediving discipline in which the freediver descends and ascends by swimming without the use of fins or without pulling on the rope or changing his or her ballast; only a single hold of the rope to stop the descent and to start the ascent is allowed. Constant weight without fins is the depth discipline of freediving that is most challenging, because of the physical effort needed to swim without assistance.

## Challenges

The main differences between free diving disciplines that involve diving to depth and those that occur at the surface are: the dive cannot be interrupted, there are periods where work is performed and the diver is impacted by direct effects of pressure.

## Current record holders

* Women: Kateryna Sadurska (Ukraine) – 80 metres on October 7, 2024
* Men: William Trubridge (New Zealand) – 102 metres on July 21, 2016
# Veierland Church

Veierland Church (Norwegian: Veierland kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Færder Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. It is located in the village of Veierland (on the island of Veierland). It is one of the churches for the Nøtterøy parish which is part of the Tønsberg domprosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Tunsberg. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1905 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 150 people.

## History

The first church on Veierland was built in 1905 (it was originally called Veierland kapell, but later it was upgraded to the status of parish church). The new building was consecrated on 12 October 1905. The church has a choir inside the nave without a marked separation. A sacristy was later built on the east end of the building. For the 25th anniversary in 1930, changes were made to the west tower, the entrance, and the organ gallery. The architect for this project was Ahasverus Munthe-Kaas Vejre and the builder was Ludvig Hansen. Originally, the church was part of Stokke Municipality until 1964 when it became part of Nøtterøy Municipality. On 1 January 2018, it became part of the newly created Færder Municipality.
# Podbrdo railway station

Podbrdo railway station (Slovene: Železniška postaja Podbrdo; Italian: Stazione di Piedicolle; German: Bahnhof Podberda) serves the settlement of Podbrdo, in the municipality of Tolmin, Slovenia.

## Location

The station forms part of the Bohinj Railway between Jesenice, Slovenia, and Trieste, Italy. It is situated at the southern portal of the Bohinj Tunnel, which is the longest railway tunnel in Slovenia (6,327.3 metres (20,759 ft)) and passes underneath Mount Kobla and the Julian Alps drainage divide between the Danube Valley and the Adriatic Sea.

## History

The station was opened on 19 July 1906 (1906-07-19), as Bahnhof Podberda (its German language name). At that time, it was located within the Austrian Empire, and its original operator was the Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways.
After World War I, and the annexation of Podberda to the Kingdom of Italy, the station was renamed Stazione di Piedicolle (its Italian language name). It also became the Bohinj Railway's border crossing point between the Ferrovie dello Stato (Kingdom of Italy) and the Yugoslav Railways (Slovene: Jugoslovanske železnice) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
Soon afterwards, the station yard was enlarged, to facilitate the exchange of locomotives on trains crossing the border.
In 1947, following the end of World War II, the entire area surrounding the station was reassigned to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The station, renamed Železniška postaja Podbrdo (its Slovenian language name), simultaneously lost its status and importance as a border crossing point.
# Ferizi, Mashhad

Ferizi (Persian: فريزي, also Romanized as Ferīzī) is a village in Tus Rural District, in the Central District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 869, in 217 families.
# Davor Božinović

Davor Božinović (Croatian pronunciation:; born 27 December 1961) is a Croatian diplomat and politician who serves as Minister of the Interior and Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia since 2017. He previously served as Minister of Defence from 2010 to 2011.
Born in Pula in a family descended from Bay of Kotor, to a father who was a Yugoslav naval officer, Božinović graduated from the Zagreb Faculty of Political Sciences, where he was a mentor to Tomislav Ljubičić [sh]. He specialized in People's Defense and Self-Protection [sh], a distinctly Yugoslav socialist concept of popular mobilization for guerrilla defense/insurgency and civil protection, earning master's degree and PhD. In 1987, Božinović joined Socialist Croatia's Ministry of Defence.
He served as an Ambassador of Croatia to Serbia and Montenegro from 2002 to 2004. In 2004, he was appointed as Head of the Office of the President of Croatia Stjepan Mesić. From 2005 to 2008, he served as Head of Mission of the Republic of Croatia to NATO. In September 2008, he was appointed State Secretary for European integration at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (MVPEI), and in July 2009 as State Secretary for Political Affairs at the same ministry.
# Dzban, Masovian Voivodeship

Dzban is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siemiątkowo, within Żuromin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# The Barley Mow, Clifton Hampden

The Barley Mow is a historic public house, just south of the River Thames near the bridge at Clifton Hampden, Oxfordshire, England.

## Overview

The pub has been called "the best known of all Thames pubs". The timber-framed building dates back to 1352 and is of traditional construction with a thatched roof.
The Barley Mow was photographed by Henry Taunt in 1877. The building was Grade II listed in 1952.
According to the Thames Pilot, The Barley Mow was described in Parker's notes (1911):
   Its high overhanging roof is thatched, and its walls are half timbered. The casements admit just enough light to heighten the interior effect. The brick floored kitchen, or may be a parlour, is delightfully snug, and the walls are darkly panelled all round. This Hotel has been enlarged to meet modern requirements but the additional part is not shown as it spoils the effect.
The Barley Mow is currently run by Greene King, a large UK chain of pubs, restaurants and inns which operates the Barley Mow under their "Chef & Brewer" brand.

## In literature

The Barley Mow was notably featured in chapter 18 of Jerome K. Jerome's 1889 novel Three Men in a Boat:
   If you stay the night on land at Clifton, you cannot do better than put up at the "Barley Mow." It is, without exception, I should say, the quaintest, most old-world inn up the river. It stands on the right of the bridge, quite away from the village. Its low-pitched gables and thatched roof and latticed windows give it quite a story-book appearance, while inside it is even still more once-upon-a-timeyfied.
It is also mentioned in the 1883 The Dictionary of the Thames by Charles Dickens, Jr., who notes that:
   ...although the house is primitive, and the entertainment unpretending, it is a capital little inn of its class, and may be recommended to all boating men.
Peter Lovesey's Swing, Swing Together mentions the Barley Mow.

## Gallery

* General view.
* Closer view.
* The entrance.
* The Chef and Brewer pub sign, on the opposite side of the lane from the pub itself.
# Cortisuzol

Cortisuzol (brand name Solu-Altim; developmental code name RU-16999) is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid.
# Robert de Bonnières

Robert de Wierre de Bonnières (7 April 1850, in Paris – 7 April 1905) was a French poet, composer, novelist, travel writer, journalist at Le Figaro and Le Gaulois, and literary critic. He was well acquainted with all literary figures of the period - Guy de Maupassant dedicated his novela La Folle to Bonnières in 1882. He collaborated with several composers, notably Vincent d'Indy who set several of his poems and provided the libretto for Indy's opéra comique Attendez-moi de, based on his own story Saugefleurie of 1885.
# Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister (Latvia)

Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister (Latvian: Latvijas Republikas Ministru prezidenta biroja vadītājs) is appointed by the Prime Minister of Latvia.

## List

| Prime Minister | Chief of Staff | Dates served |
| Einars Repše | | |
| Indulis Emsis | Viesturs Silenieks | |
| Aigars Kalvītis | Jurģis Liepnieks | 2006–2007 |
| Aigars Kalvītis | Māris Riekstiņš | January, 2007 – November, 2007 |
| Ivars Godmanis | Juris Radzēvičs | – March 12, 2009 |
| Valdis Dombrosvskis | Olita Augustovska | – November 3, 2010 |
| Laimdota Straujuma | Ringolds Arnītis | – November 6, 2014 – February 11, 2016 |
| Māris Kučinskis | Māris Krastiņš | February 11, 2016 – January 23, 2019 |
| Krišjānis Kariņš | Jānis Patmalnieks | January 24, 2019 – present |
# John M. Washington

John MacRae Washington (c. 1797 - December 24, 1853) was a United States artillery officer who became military governor of New Mexico shortly after the end of the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848.

## Early career

John M. Washington was born in Virginia, and was a remote relative of President George Washington. He graduated from West Point in 1817, and fought in Florida against the Seminole and Creek people. He served with distinction in the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848 under Brigadier General John E. Wool, being promoted to major and brevet lieutenant colonel following the Battle of Buena Vista. He reached Santa Fe on 10 October 1848 with four dragoon companies. The next day he assumed office as governor, combining the civil and military roles.

## Governor of New Mexico

Washington's main priority was to settle a war against the Navajo people. He assembled a strong force of soldiers and volunteers that moved west into Navajo country, where they were met by Navajo envoys saying they were willing to discuss peace, and then met the main Navajo forces. A scuffle broke out when a militiaman spotted a horse that he claimed had been stolen from him. The Navajos fled, and Washington's troops killed six of the fleeing men. One was the old warrior Narbona, now in favor of peace, who was scalped by a U.S. militiaman. The expedition moved on through a pass that one of them named "Washington Pass". In 1992, in response to a proposal by the Navajo people, the pass was renamed Narbona Pass. There were no positive results from the expedition. On returning to Santa Fe Washington became involved in a scandal, probably unjustified, over a child he allegedly fathered on an orphan girl.
In April 1849 Father Ramón Ortiz y Miera arrived in New Mexico from Chihuahua as commissioner in charge of assisting Mexicans who wished to resettle in Chihuahua. He was welcomed by Governor Washington and Secretary Donaciano Vigil, who both thought he was unlikely to succeed and even offered to supply transport to Mexicans seeking repatriation. Their mood changed quickly when the people of San Miguel del Vado alone submitted 900 requests for repatriation assistance. Vigil said that Ortíz could not conduct recruitment in person since his presence would disturb the peace. Ortiz then appointed agents to recruit New Mexico families, and they met with considerable success. In response Vigil cracked down further on recruitment. The United States' position was that the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had not covered repatriation, and Ortíz's activity was therefore illegal.

## Later career

By order of 26 May 1849, Brevet Colonel John Munroe was ordered to Santa Fe to relieve Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Washington. On 23 October 1849 Munroe took office as military governor of New Mexico. Washington was transferred to a position in Fort Constitution in New Hampshire. From there, in 1853 he was assigned to lead a body of troops from the 3rd Artillery Regiment in California, but at the start of the journey the steamer San Francisco ran into a storm. Washington and 181 soldiers were drowned at sea.
# Platysomus

Platysomus (from Greek: πλατύς platys, 'broad' and Greek: σῶμα sôma 'body') is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived in the Carboniferous and Permian periods. Fossils have been found worldwide.
Platysomus was about 18 centimetres (7.1 in) long, and shaped similarly to the discus fish, having the same flattened body and elongated dorsal and anal fins. Its jaws were placed vertically under the braincase, giving it a wide gape. Platysomus is thought to have fed on plankton, and lived in both fresh and salt water.
# 17th Army (German Empire)

The 17th Army (German: 17. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 17 / A.O.K. 17) was an army-level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed in France on 1 February 1918 from the former 14th Army command. It served exclusively on the Western Front and was dissolved on 19 January 1919.

## History

17th Army was one of three armies (along with 18th Army and 19th Army) formed in late 1917 / early 1918 with forces withdrawn from the Eastern Front. They were in place to take part in Ludendorff's German spring offensive. The Germans had realised that their only remaining chance of victory was to defeat the Allies before the overwhelming human and matériel resources of the United States could be deployed. They also had the temporary advantage in numbers afforded by nearly 50 divisions freed by Russia's withdrawing from the war (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk).
At the end of the war it was part of Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht.
The Headquarters was at St Amand until 6 April 1918, Douai until 1 May 1918, Denain until 18 October 1918 and Mons until start of the march back, reaching Zülpich for disbandment on 19 January 1919.

### Order of Battle, 30 October 1918

By the end of the war, the 17th Army was organised as:
Organization of 17th Army on 30 October 1918 :
| Army | Corps | Division |
| 17th Army | I Bavarian Reserve Corps | 187th Division |
| 17th Army | I Bavarian Reserve Corps | 26th Reserve Division |
| 17th Army | I Bavarian Reserve Corps | 10th Ersatz Division |
| 17th Army | I Bavarian Reserve Corps | 208th Division |
| 17th Army | II Bavarian Corps | 234th Division |
| 17th Army | II Bavarian Corps | 25th Division |
| 17th Army | XVIII Corps | 220th Division |
| 17th Army | XVIII Corps | 35th Division |
| 17th Army | XVIII Corps | 6th Division |
| 17th Army | XIV Reserve Corps | 214th Division |
| 17th Army | XIV Reserve Corps | 111th Division |
| 17th Army | XIV Reserve Corps | 48th Reserve Division |
| 17th Army | XIV Reserve Corps | 206th Division |
| 17th Army | XIV Reserve Corps | 12th Division |
| 17th Army | XIV Reserve Corps | 28th Reserve Division |

## Commanders

17th Army had the following commanders:
17th Army :
| From | Commander | Previously | Subsequently, |
| 1 February 1918 | General der Infanterie Otto von Below | 14th Army | 1st Army |
| 12 October 1918 | General der Infanterie Bruno von Mudra | 1st Army | |

## Glossary

* Armee-Abteilung or army detachment in the sense of "something detached from an army". It is not under the command of an army so is in itself a small army.
* Armee-Gruppe or army group in the sense of a group within an army and under its command, generally formed as a temporary measure for a specific task.
* Heeresgruppe or army group in the sense of a number of armies under a single commander.