OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Skalica Culture House

The Skalica Culture House (Slovak: Skalický kultúrny dom) is a Secession building in Skalica built in 1905 by Slovak architect Dušan Jurkovič.

## History

Idea of Skalica Culture House was presented by Slovak politician Pavel Blaho. Architect was Dušan Jurkovič who gain inspiration from Slovak and Moravian folk architecture. Building was open to the public in 1905.
# Altenhof, Schleswig-Holstein

Altenhof (Low German: Oldenhave, Danish: Celmerstorp) is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# Colligny-Maizery

Colligny-Maizery (French pronunciation:; German: Kollingen-Macheringen) is a commune in the Moselle department of eastern France. The municipality was established on 1 June 2016 and consists of the former communes of Colligny (the seat) and Maizery.
# HMS E12

HMS E12 was a British E class submarine built by HM Dockyard, Chatham. She was laid down on 16 December 1912 and commissioned on 14 October 1914. Her construction costs totalled £101,900.
During the Great War, anti-submarine nets in the Dardanelles entangled her forward hydroplanes, forcing her down to a depth of 245 feet. At the time, this was the greatest depth achieved by any British submarine. E12 managed to surface only to come under fire by shore batteries, but avoided further damage. She survived the war and was sold for scrap in Malta on 7 March 1921.

## Design

Like all post-E8 British E-class submarines, E12 had a displacement of 662 long tons (673 t) at the surface and 807 long tons (820 t) while submerged. She had a total length of 180 feet (55 m) and a beam of 22 feet 8.5 inches (6.922 m). She was powered by two 800 horsepower (600 kW) Vickers eight-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines and two 420 horsepower (310 kW) electric motors. The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) and a submerged speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). British E-class submarines had fuel capacities of 50 long tons (51 t) of diesel and ranges of 3,255 miles (5,238 km; 2,829 nmi) when travelling at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). E12 was capable of operating submerged for five hours when travelling at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph).
E12 was armed with a single 4-inch QF gun mounted forward of the conning tower, and five 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, two in the bow, one either side amidships, and one in the stern; a total of 10 torpedoes were carried.
E-Class submarines had wireless systems with 1 kilowatt (1.3 hp) power ratings; in some submarines, these were later upgraded to 3 kilowatts (4.0 hp) systems by removing a midship torpedo tube. Their maximum design depth was 100 feet (30 m) although in service some reached depths of below 200 feet (61 m). Some submarines contained Fessenden oscillator systems.

## Crew

Her complement was three officers and 28 men.
# Rig Band Sar

Rig Band Sar (Persian: ريگ بندسر, also Romanized as Rīg Band Sar; also known as Rīg Sar) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 9 families.
# Wasserbourg

Wasserbourg (Alemannic German: Wàsserburig; German: Wasserburg) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

## Geography

Wasserbourg is situated in the Vosges Mountains, in the valley of the small river Krebsbach, and at the foot of the summit “Petit Ballon”. Surface area: 947 hectares.

## History

The village was first mentioned in the 9th century. The first village name was Wasenberg until the 17th century, because of the field. The ruins of the Castle Strohbourg built in 1222, by Andréas de Gisberg, still stand today. It was probably inhabited until the 17th century. But the access is forbidden to the public. This castle, situated on the top of a hill, allowed villagers to be informed when an attack was imminent.
This castle appears on the coat of arms of the village.
During the Protestant Reform, only Wasserbourg and Soultzbach stayed Catholic: almost the whole Munster Valley is Protestant. The fact that these villages possess only one Church dates from this period (around 1550) During the First World War, a funicular, which began in Soultzbach-Les-Bains, was suspended above the village. We can observe the relics of its terminus on the “Petit Ballon”.

## Administration

Mayors of Wasserbourg :
| Term | Term | Name |
| 2020 | - | Jean François Kabucz |
| 2008 | 2020 | Gilbert Ruhlmann |
| 1989 | 2008 | Jean-Paul Iltis |
| 1977 | 1989 | Raymond Resch |
| 1959 | 1977 | Camille Barb |
| 1945 | 1959 | Albert Kech |

## Monument
### Church

The church is just after the city hall and is consecrated to St Michel. It was first built in the 13th century and was extended between 1830 and 1835. The Bell Tower was raised in 1870. Because of the First World War, the Church was damaged and was not renovated until 1923.
The organ in the Church was built in 1834 by Valentin Rinkenbach

### Chapels

In the village, there are 5 little Chapels dedicated to the 4 Evangelists (St Marc, St Matthieu, St Luc, St Jean) and St Anne

### Others

The Strohbourg ruins

## Activity and commerce

Two farmers work in the village. On the spring the transhumance is an important event in which cows go to the pastures. These farmers sell milk and Munster cheese. In summer, these farmers have inns (Wassmatt and Strohberg) which offer local specialities. People can discover these traditional moments into the “Maison du fromage” in Gunsbach.

## Demography and people

Some people still speak Alsatian. In 1999, most of the population was between 20 and 59 years old.
# Qassab Kola-ye Miandeh

Qassab Kola-ye Miandeh (Persian: قصاب كلا ميانده, also Romanized as Qaşşāb Kolā-ye Mīāndeh; also known as Qaşşāb Kolā) is a village in Lalehabad Rural District, Lalehabad District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 493, in 121 families.
# Office of the Data Protection Supervisor

The Isle of Man Information Commissioner (Manx: Oik Oaseir Coadey Fysseree) is the national data protection authority for the Isle of Man under the Data Protection Act 2002 (an Act of Tynwald). The office was originally created as the Isle of Man Data Protection Registrar by the Data Protection Act 1986. The present holder is Mr Iain McDonald, who is in his fourth 5-year term, having been initially appointed in January 2003. The Office is funded by the Treasury, but is independent of the Isle of Man Government.
# Siudo Ko Sindoor

Siudo ko Sindor (Nepali: सिउदो को सिन्दूर) is a 2001 Nepali film directed by Manju Kumar Shrestha, which tells the story of a Nepalese girl who can easily break off a marriage for money or hope.

## Cast

* Rajesh Hamal as Rajesh
* Niruta Singh as Menuka
* Jharana Bajracharya as Dwiti
* Neer Shah as Javinder Dhan Veer
* Ratan Subedi as Rajesh's Sister
* Basundhara Bhushal as Rajesh's Mother

## Music

| Song | Singer(s) | Writer | Duration |
| Na ta maya thaha Chha | | Karun Thapa | 4:40 |
| Kohi Neelo Jeans ma | | Karun Thapa | 3:59 |
# Acanthosis nigricans-muscle cramps-acral enlargement syndrome

Acanthosis nigricans-muscle cramps-acral enlargement syndrome, also known as Acanthosis nigricans-insulin resistance-muscle cramps-acral enlargement syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder which is characterized by the appearance of acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance, muscle cramps of severe intensity, and acral hypertrophy/enlargement. Only 2 cases have been reported in medical literature.
It was first discovered when Jeffrey Flier and his colleagues described two siblings of the opposite sex with the symptoms mentioned above. (plus: large, chunky hands), the sister had virilized polycystic ovaries. After being treated with dilantin, the cramps' severity lowered and the brother's insulin resistance also lowered. The inheritance pattern of this disorder is thought to be autosomal recessive.
# Leivatho

Leivatho (Greek: Λειβαθώ) is a former municipality on the island of Kefalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece. Since the 2019 local government reform it is part of the municipality Argostoli, of which it is a municipal unit. It lies south of Argostoli, on the central south coast of the island, and has a land area of 62.626 km² and a population of 5,765 (2021 census).

## Subdivisions

The municipal unit Leivatho is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):
* Kerameies (seat of the former municipality)
* Karavados
* Lakithra (Lakithra, Menegata)
* Lourdata
* Metaxata
* Mousata
* Peratata (Peratata, Kastro)
* Pesada (Pesada, Dorizata, Kountourata)
* Spartia (Spartia, Kleismata, Korianna)
* Svoronata
* Vlachata (Vlachata, Simotata)
# Chavicol

Chavicol (p-allylphenol) is a natural phenylpropene, a type of organic compound. Its chemical structure consists of a benzene ring substituted with a hydroxy group and a propenyl group. It is a colorless liquid found together with terpenes in betel oil.

## Properties and reactions

Chavicol is miscible with alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Dimerization of chavicol gives the neo-lignan magnolol.

## Uses

Chavicol is used as an odorant in perfumery and as a flavor. It is found in many essential oils, including anise and gardenia.

## Biosynthesis

Chavicol is formed in sweet basil (Ocimum Basilicum) by the phenylpropanoid pathway via p-coumaryl alcohol. The allylic alcohol in p-coumaryl alcohol is converted into a leaving group. This then leaves thus forming a cation, this cation can be regarded as a quinone methide which then is reduced by NADPH to form either anol or chavicol.
    Biosynthesis of para anol and para chavicol
# Wickerschwihr

Wickerschwihr (German: Wickerschweier) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# SS Empire Peacemaker

SS Empire Peacemaker was a British convoy rescue ship that served at the end of World War II, originally laid down as the corvette HMS Scarborough Castle. Post-war she served as an Army transport ship before being scrapped in 1955.

## Ship history

The ship was ordered from Fleming & Ferguson Ltd. of Paisley on 23 January 1943 as a Castle-class corvette. She was launched on 8 September 1944 as Scarborough Castle (K536), but further work was then cancelled, and she was eventually completed as a convoy rescue ship in January 1945. Under the ownership of the Ministry of War Transport, and managed by the Ellerman City Line, she sailed on eight convoys between early February and the end of the war in Europe in May 1945. During that time she rescued three survivors from an aircraft which had overrun the flight deck of the MAC ship MV Empire MacAlpine.
Post-war she was transferred to the Transport Branch of the Royal Army Service Corps for service as a troop transport. In October 1945 she sailed from the Clyde to Arkhangelsk to repatriate a Royal Navy Shore Party. In January 1946 she made three voyages between Southampton and St. Helier, Jersey, carrying returning service personnel.
In 1952 Empire Peacemaker, Empire Shelter and Empire Lifeguard provided a shuttle ferry service for Army personnel between Port Said, Egypt, and Famagusta, Cyprus, as well as making occasional troop movement voyages to Libya and Malta.
Empire Peacemaker was finally laid up at Falmouth, Cornwall, in 1954. In July 1955 she was sold to a Belgian shipbreaker and was towed to Antwerp, and was broken up by Jos de Smedt in Burght in December.

### Convoys

Empire Peacemaker sailed on the following convoys:
* OS/KMS-110KM — River Clyde to Gibraltar (February 1945)
* MKS-82G — Gibraltar to Liverpool (February 1945)
* OS/KMS-114KM — Southend to Gibraltar (March 1945)
* MKS-86G — Gibraltar to Liverpool (March 1945)
* OS/KMS-118KM — Clyde to Gibraltar (March 1945)
* MKS-90G — Gibraltar to Liverpool (March 1945)
* ON-296 — Liverpool to New York City (April 1945)
* HX-354 — New York City to Liverpool (May 1945)
# Oulanem

Oulanem, A Tragedy is a poetic play written by Karl Marx in 1839 during his years as a student, at the age of 21. The action takes place in a mountain town in Italy where a mysterious German stranger, Oulanem, and his companion, Lucindo, arrive. The play was translated into English first by Robert Payne in 1971.

## Characters

* Oulanem – a German traveller
* Lucindo – Oulanem's companion
* Pertini – a citizen of a mountain town in Italy
* Alwander – a citizen of the same town
* Beatrice – Alwander's foster-daughter
* Wierin
* Perto – a monk

## Analysis

Marx only completed the first act of the play. The titular character's name is an anagram of Manuelo, which is believed to be a reference to Immanuel, one of the biblical names for Jesus Christ. The first act includes a soliloquy in which Oulanem laments mortality and the inevitable destruction of the world by God, and asks himself if he must destroy the world in turn in defiance. This closely echoes themes from Goethe's "Prometheus", an 18th-century poem much admired by authors of the early Romantic era.
"All lost! The hour is now expired, and time Stands still. This pigmy universe collapses. Soon I shall clasp Eternity and howl Humanity's giant curse into its ear. Eternity! It is eternal pain, Death inconceivable, immeasurable! An evil artifice contrived to taunt us, Who are but clockwork, blind machines wound up To be the calendar-fools of Time; to be, Only that something thus at least might happen; And to decay, that there might be decay! [...] And we, we Apes of a cold God, still cherish With frenzied pain upon our loving breast The viper so voluptuously warm, That it as Universal Form rears up And from its place on high grins down on us! And in our ear, till loathing's all consumed, The weary wave roars onward, ever onward! Now quick, the die is cast, and all is ready; Destroy what only poetry's lie contrived, A curse shall finish what a curse conceived."
# Sreedharpur Union

Sreedharpur Union (Bengali: শ্রীধরপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Abhaynagar Upazila, in Jessore District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh.
# Stavropol Governorate

Stavropol Governorate (Russian: Ставропольская губерния, romanized: Stavropol'skaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day Stavropol Krai. It was created in 1847 and disbanded in 1924.

## Demographics

As of 1897, 873,301 people populated the oblast. Russians constituted the majority of the population. Significant minorities consisted of Ukrainians. Total Slavic population was 804,153 (92%)

### Ethnic groups in 1897

| TOTAL | 873,301 | 100% |
| Russians | 482,495 | 55,2% |
| Ukrainians | 319,817 | 36,6% |
| Nogais | 19,651 | 2,3% |
| Caucasian Turkmens | 14,896 | 1,7% |
| Kalmyks | 10,814 | 1,2% |
| Germans | 8,601 | 1% |
| Armenians | 5,385 | 0,6% |
# Ahmadabad, Zeberkhan

Ahmadabad (Persian: احمداباد, also Romanized as Aḩmadābād) is a village in Eshaqabad Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 260, in 70 families.
# Kulan, Kermanshah

Kulan (Kurdish: كووڵان، Kûlan, Persian: كولان, also Romanized as Kūlān) is a village in Poshtdarband Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 265 in 62 families.
# T. P. M. Lewis

T. P. M. Lewis (26 July 1904 – 10 June 1989) was a British educationalist who served in Malaya, and is known for the diary he kept during his three and a half years as a POW in Singapore, which he later published.

## Early life and education

T. P. M. Lewis was born on 26 July 1904 into a Welsh family, and educated at Royal Masoninc School, Bushey, Hertfordshire, and at Jesus College, Oxford.

## Career

Lewis began his career in 1926 when he joined the Malayan Education Department of the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States as Assistant Master, and in 1930 was appointed Acting Headmaster of Anderson School, Ipoh, in addition to his other duties. He then served in several schools as headmaster or assistant headmaster including King Edward VII School, Taiping (1932), English College, Johore Bahru (1936), Francis Light School, Penang (1938), and Clifford School, Kuala Lipis (1940).
After the Second World War, during which Lewis spent over three years in captivity in Singapore, he returned to Malaya and rejoined the Malayan Department of Education. In 1948, he was appointed Director of Education, Johore, before being promoted to Deputy Director of Education, Federation of Malaya, based in Kuala Lumpur.
In 1954, he went to Singapore where he assumed the role of Senior Inspector of Schools, and Director of Education. At the time there was a rapid increase in the number of school age children in Singapore, and there was an insufficient number of teachers and schools. Lewis was responsible for introducing a major school building programme, and the system of morning and afternoon schools where premises were used in two sessions by different pupils and staff.
Lewis left Malaya in 1956 and returned to the United Kingdom where he taught at Abermad Preparatory School, Aberystwyh and in 1968 at Dragon School, Oxford. He retired in 1976, aged 72.

## Internment at Changi and Sime Road POW camps, Singapore

Lewis was imprisoned during the Second World War in Changi and Sime Road POW camps in Singapore for three and a half years. During the war, with his fluency in Malay, he volunteered to become a local guide attached to an Australian unit under Major Angus Rose ("Roseforce") which operated behind enemy lines. Four of the six guides were killed or executed by the Japanese.
When Allied forces surrendered, Lewis was interned in Changi prison with his brother John, his other brother Gerwyn having been sent to Burma to work on the railway. During his internment Lewis kept a diary, which was buried in a tin in the prison's vegetable garden, knowing that discovery by the Japanese would have resulted in his execution. The diary, which survived the war, is the only known account of internment in Singapore written at the time, and was later published in a book "Changi - the lost years (1941-1945): A Malayan Diary."

## Death and personal life

Lewis died on 10 June 1989. He married M. P. Roweli in 1946 and they had two sons. He was a keen sportsman playing rugby for London Welsh, Perak and North Malaya.
# Port au Saumon River

The Port-au-Saumon River is a tributary of the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River, flowing into the town of La Malbaie, into the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality, in the Capitale-Nationale administrative region, Quebec, Canada. The course of this river flows into the St. Lawrence River in the hamlet of Port-au-Saumon, northeast of the town of La Malbaie.
The lower part of the valley of this watercourse is served by route 138 which runs along the northwest shore of the St. Lawrence River and by the road of the rang Sainte-Anne. The "chemin des érables" and Port-au-Saumon Lake Road serve the upper reaches of this stream.
Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector; recreational and tourism activities (including vacationing around Lac au Saumon), second.
The surface of this stream is generally frozen from mid-December to late-March. Nevertheless, safe ice traffic is generally from late December to mid-March.

## Geography

The main hydrographic slopes near the "Port-au-Saumon River" are:
* North side: Port au Persil River, Noire River (Charlevoix), Port aux Quilles River, rivière de la Baie des Rochers, Saguenay River;e
* East side: Port-au-Saumon Bay, St. Lawrence River;
* South side: Malbaie River, Comporté River, Pednaud Creek, Loutre River (Rivière du Gouffre), Mailloux River, Jean-Noël River;
* West side: rivière Noire Sud-Ouest, Jacob River, Snigole River, Malbaie River.
The Port-au-Saumon River has its source at "Lac du Port-au-Saumon" (length: 0.7 km (0.43 mi); altitude: 288 m (945 ft)) which is clover-shaped deformed and in forest area. The resort is developed around the northern appendage of the lake. The mouth of the lake is at the bottom of the eastern appendage.
From the mouth of Port-au-Saumon Lake, the course of the Port-au-Saumon River descends by traveling 20.8 km (12.9 mi) according to the following segments:
Upper part of the Port au Saumon River (segment of 15.1 km (9.4 mi))
* 4.3 km (2.7 mi) easterly along the south side of Port-au-Saumon Lake Road, then south-east, winding to the confluence of the Lake of Port au Saumon (coming from the north);
* 3.3 km (2.1 mi) southeast winding to a creek (coming from the west);
* 7.5 km (4.7 mi) south winding to a creek (coming from the west);
Lower part of the Port au Saumon River (segment of 5.7 km (3.5 mi))
* 4.9 km (3.0 mi) northeasterly under the Sainte-Anne Rang Road Bridge, forming a southerly curve across a series of rapids over this segment to the bridge of the Route 138 (Malcom-Fraser Boulevard);
* 0.8 km (0.50 mi) southeasterly crossing a series of rapids to the east shore of Port-au-Saumon Inlet which is interelected in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Sabere and Camarine Islands guard the exit of this bay.

## Toponymy

The French toponym "Port-au-Saumon" is linked to the bay, the hamlet, the river and the lake.
The toponym "Port-au-Saumon River" was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Bank of place names of the Commission de toponymie du Quebec.
# Colin H. Campbell

Colin H. Campbell (25 December 1859 – October 24, 1914) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative from 1899 to 1914, and was a cabinet minister in the governments of Hugh John Macdonald and Rodmond Roblin.
Campbell was a barrister, and ran a practice in Winnipeg. He first ran for the Manitoba legislature in the 1892 provincial election, and lost to Liberal Peter McIntyre by 280 votes in Winnipeg North.
He sought election to the House of Commons of Canada in November 1893, as a candidate of the Conservative Party of Canada. Campbell stood in by-election for the riding of Winnipeg, after Hugh John Macdonald's resignation from the house. He lost to Liberal candidate Joseph Martin.
Campbell was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1899 election, defeating Liberal incumbent Stewart Mulvey by 188 votes in the constituency of Morris. The Conservatives won the election, and Campbell was named as a minister without portfolio in Macdonald's government on January 10, 1900. He was promoted to Attorney General on October 9 of the same year.
In this period of Canadian history, newly appointed ministers were required to resign their legislative seats to seek a new mandate from their electors. These by-elections were usually mere formalities, and many ministers were returned without opposition. Campbell faced a challenge from Liberal Matthew Laurie, and defeated him by 278 votes on October 29, 1900. This by-election occurred on the same day that Roblin replaced Macdonald as premier. The new premier kept Campbell as his attorney general, and also appointed him as municipal commissioner from October 29 to December 20, 1900.
Campbell was re-elected in the elections of 1903, 1907 and 1910, retaining his seat in 1907 by a single vote. He was named minister of education and municipal commissioner on October 11, 1911. He was later appointed minister of public works. After Robert Rogers left the provincial legislature for federal politics, Campbell was seen as the second most important minister in Roblin's government.
Campbell was stricken by a severe illness on February 15, 1913, the same day that the provincial legislature was scheduled to open. He traveled to Kingston, Jamaica to recover, but was afflicted with paralysis almost immediately after arriving. He resigned his ministry on November 3, 1913, and did not stand in the 1914 election.
After unsuccessfully seeking medical care in the United States of America, Europe and Egypt, Campbell returned to Manitoba in summer 1914. He died shortly thereafter, at age 54.
# Durbadanga Union

Durbadanga Union (Bengali: দুর্বাডাঙ্গা ইউনিয়ন) is a Union Parishad under Manirampur Upazila of Jessore District in the division of Khulna, Bangladesh. It has an area of 10.1 square kilometres and a population of 22,650.