OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Julie Furuta-Toy

Julie Furuta-Toy (born 1960) is a former U.S. Ambassador to Equatorial Guinea. Following an initial announcement by President Barack Obama on June 18, 2015, Ambassador Furuta-Toy was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 22, 2015, and subsequently sworn in on November 24, 2015. She arrived in Malabo to take up her duties on January 7, 2016. Prior to her arrival in Equatorial Guinea, Ms. Furuta-Toy served as both Deputy Chief of Mission and chargé d'affaires at the Embassy of the United States, Oslo, (2012-2015). Her lengthy tenure as chargé d'affaires stemmed from delays related to the nomination and confirmation of a new ambassador to Norway by the United States Senate.

## Early life and education

Ambassador Furuta-Toy was born in Opelika, Alabama, and raised in Riverside, California, and is the daughter of Emi K. Furuta and Tokuji Furuta. She earned a Bachelor's degree from University of California, Riverside in 1981, and credits her liberal arts education and study abroad her final year in the United Kingdom with sparking her interest in a foreign service career. She also earned a Master's degree in comparative literature from Indiana University Bloomington and a Master's degree in security studies from the Industrial College of the Armed Forces.

## Career

Ambassador Furuta-Toy entered the United States Foreign Service in 1986 and has served overseas assignments in the Philippines, Venezuela, Haiti, India, and Russia. She has served domestic assignments in the Bureau of Consular Affairs, the Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, and the Bureau of Human Resources. Her service as a consular officer includes time as Director of the Office of Children's Issues (2007–2009) and Director of the Office of Public and Diplomatic Liaison of the Visa Office (2004–2007). Prior to her arrival in Norway, she was the Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Accra, Ghana (2009–2012).

## Personal

Furuta-Toy is married to Steven M. Toy, a fellow Foreign Service Officer, and they are the parents of two adult children. They reside in Wapiti, Wyoming.
Furuta-Toy is of Japanese descent. Both of her parents were sent to Japanese internment camps during World War II.
In addition to English, she speaks Spanish and Russian. Her hobbies include handicrafts, pet care, and listening to the viola.
# Tam Hopkins

Tam Hopkins (born March 22, 1978) is a former American football guard who played in the National Football League for one season. Hopkins also played for the NFL Europe's Cologne Centurions for one season. He played college football at Ohio State.
# Hiroshi Kado

Hiroshi Kado (嘉戸 洋, Kado Hiroshi) (born September 20, 1971) is a Japanese Greco-Roman wrestler.
Kado won the silver medal in the Men's 48 kg Greco-Roman wrestling at the 1995 World Wrestling Championships held in Prague. Next year he completed in the Men's 48 kg Greco-Roman wrestling at the 1996 Summer Olympics but finished in 7th place, losing to two-time European Champion Zafar Guliyev of Russia in Round One.
# Alto Alegre, Roraima

Alto Alegre (Portuguese pronunciation:) is a city in the Brazilian state of Roraima. The population in 2020 was 15,380, and the area is 25,567 km². Its limits are Amajari to the north, Boa Vista in the east, Mucajaí and Iracema in the south, and Venezuela in the west.
Alto Alegre was founded by Pedro Costa, a gold miner. In 1982, it became an independent municipality. It can be accessed from the RR-205 highway from Boa Vista.
The municipality contains part of the Roraima National Forest.
# Genotype–phenotype map

The genotype–phenotype map is a conceptual model in genetic architecture. Coined in a 1991 paper by Pere Alberch, it models the interdependency of genotype (an organism's full hereditary information) with phenotype (an organism's actual observed properties).

## Application

The map visualises a relationship between genotype & phenotype which, crucially:
* is of greater complexity than a straightforward one-to-one mapping of genotype to/from phenotype.
* accommodates a parameter space, along which at different points a given phenotype is said to be more or less stable.
* accommodates transformational boundaries in the parameter space, which divide phenotype states from one another.
* accounts for different polymorphism and/or polyphenism in populations, depending on their area of parameter space they occupy.
# 1816 in science

The year 1816 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

## Botany

* Botanic Gardens, Sydney, established in Australia.

## Chemistry

* Veuve Clicquot invents the riddling table process to clarify champagne.

## Mathematics

* John Farey notes the Farey sequence.

## Medicine

* René Laennec invents the stethoscope.
* Caleb Parry publishes An Experimental Inquiry into the Nature, Cause and Varieties of the Arterial Pulse, describing the mechanisms for the pulse.

## Mineralogy

* Johann Fischer von Waldheim publishes Essai sur la Turquoise et sur la Calaite in Moscow, the first scientific treatise on the mineral turquoise.

## Physics

* Sir David Brewster (1781–1868) discovers stress birefringence.

## Technology

* January 9 – Sir Humphry Davy's Davy lamp is first tested underground as a coal mining safety lamp at Hebburn Colliery in north east England.
* The Spider Bridge at Falls of Schuylkill, a temporary iron-wire footbridge erected across the Schuylkill River, north of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the first wire-cable suspension bridge in history.
* Johann Nepomuk Maelzel begins production of the metronome with a scale.
* Rev. Robert Stirling obtains a patent in the United Kingdom for the Stirling hot air engine.
* English inventor Francis Ronalds demonstrates the practicability of the electric telegraph but it is rejected as "wholly unnecessary" at this time.
* approx. date – Simeon North in New England produces a practicable milling machine for working metal.

## Awards

* Copley Medal: Not awarded

## Births

* January 2 – Anastasie Fătu, Moldavian and Romanian physician and naturalist (died 1886)
* July 7 – Rudolf Wolf, Swiss astronomer (died 1893)
* July 20 – Sir William Bowman, 1st Baronet, English ophthalmologist, histologist and anatomist (died 1892)
* December 13 – Werner Siemens, German electrical engineer (died 1892)

## Deaths

* January 2 – Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, French chemist (born 1737)
* April 7 – Christian Konrad Sprengel, German botanist (born 1750)
* September 18 – Bernard McMahon, Irish American horticulturalist (born c. 1775)
* September 28 – Edward Howard, English chemist (born 1774)
* December 15 – Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope, English engineer (born 1753)
# Montreal Assault

Montreal Assault is the first DVD by Canadian deathcore band Despised Icon, released January 27, 2009 through Century Media. The DVD was peaked at #123 on the Billboard Top Music Videos.

## Background

Montreal Assault features the band performing on June 5, 2008 at Club Soda in their hometown, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The show was filmed by David Brodsky with sound produced by Yannick St-Amand, Despised Icon's former guitarist. The DVD also features an hour-long documentary by Reconstructed Media that retraces the band's career, showing never-before-released footage.
Vocalist Alexandre Erian stated:
   The live mix sounds so massive. It was done by none other than our former guitarist Yannick St-Amand. You can even listen to it in 5.1 Surround. Our buddy Felix also created some of his sickest artwork yet. The shooting and editing of the show went awesome. David Brodsky and his team captured tons of adrenaline-packed moments."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Despised Icon

## Personnel
### Despised Icon

* Alexandre Erian – lead vocals
* Steve Marois – lead vocals
* Sebastien Piché – bass
* Eric Jarrin – guitars
* Al Glassman – guitars
* Alexandre Pelletier – drums

### Production

* David Brodsky – filming, editing
* Yannick St-Amand – sound production
* Felix Rancourt – cover artwork
# Plague Column, Kutná Hora

Plague Column in Kutná Hora, also known as Column of the Virgin Mary Immaculate (Czech: Morový sloup Panny Marie Neposkvrněné), is a Marian column in Kutná Hora in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It is protected as a cultural monument.

## History

This baroque plague column was built by the Jesuit sculptor František Baugut. It originated between 1713 and 1715 as a commemoration of the contemporary plague which killed more than a thousand people. The column is decorated by the statue of the Virgin Mary Immaculate and Kutná Hora's typical labor themes (reliefs of miners).
# Orlando, Soweto

Orlando is a township in the urban area of Soweto, South Africa. The township was founded in 1931 and named after Edwin Orlando Leake, mayor of Johannesburg from 1925 to 1926. It is divided in two main areas: Orlando West and Orlando East.

## History

The township of Orlando was directly involved in some of the most important events of the fight against the apartheid system. Some of the most dramatic clashes between the South African police and anti-apartheid demonstrators occurred in Orlando West. This includes the Soweto uprising where 12-year-old Hector Pieterson was killed. The Hector Pieterson Memorial Museum was established in Orlando West to commemorate those events. In the surroundings of the museum is the house where Nelson Mandela lived for several years while practicing law; the house now hosts the Mandela Family Museum. South African struggle activist and politician Winnie Madikizela-Mandela resided in Soweto during the apartheid era until her death on 2 April 2018.
Orlando Stadium is the home of the soccer team Orlando Pirates of the South African Premier Division.
# Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Thessaloniki

The Immaculate Conception Cathedral (Greek: Καθεδρικός Ναός της Αμιάντου Συλλήψεως της Θεοτόκου) is a Roman Catholic church located on Frangon street in the city of Thessaloniki, in northern Greece. The church follows the Roman or Latin rite and functions as the seat of the Apostolic Vicariate of Thessaloniki (Vicariatus Apostolicus Thessalonicensis or Αποστολικό Βικαριάτο Θεσσαλονίκης).

## History
### Foundation

In the 18th century, the Catholic community in Thessaloniki was served by the Jesuits. In 1713, the Jesuits built St. Louis Church next to the French consulate. On 30 March 1740, it became a parish. Two years later, a new larger church, also named St. Louis, was built. In 1773, with the suppression of the Society of Jesus, the Jesuits was banned from Greece and the Lazarists replaced them. In 1839, a fire destroyed a third of the city, including the church. The church was rebuilt within a year and dedicated to Mary, mother of Jesus and her Immaculate Conception.

### Construction

On 7 October 1896, the foundation stone of the current church was laid. The church was designed by Vitaliano Poselli. The parish priest at the time was Fr Erique Heudre. Construction was financially aided by a French tobacco merchant, Frederick Charnaud. The crypt was completed and consecrated on 30 May 1897, it was dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus and decorated by Michael Bucar, a Lazarist brother from Slovenia. On 3 May 1900 the church was consecrated by Archbishop Augustus Bonetti of Palmyra and Fr Francois Xavier Lobry, the Lazarist provincial in Turkey.
In 1926, the church became the seat of the Apostolic Vicariate of Thessaloniki; which is composed of the Roman Catholic communities in northern Greece.

### Repair and renovation

Although the church survived the Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917, it was heavily damaged during World War II. The roof, decoration furnishings and organ were all destroyed. After the war, repairs were carried out. The roof was rebuilt, the church was redecorated, and new furnishings, stained glass windows and an organ were installed.
In the early 1970s, the altar was moved and in 1981 the crypt was renovated. In 2000, the church building was repainted. In 2008, new lighting, heating and air-conditioning systems were installed.

## Parish

The Masses are celebrated in Greek and English. Sundays at 8:00 am and 10:00 am are offered in Greek and English at 7:00.
In the city there is also a Catholic cemetery in Ampelokipoi.
# Al Aradhah

Al Aradhah (Arabic: العارضة) is a sub-district located in al-Nadirah District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Al Aradhah had a population of 1995 according to the 2004 census.
# Sauga

Sauga (German: Sauck) is a small borough (Estonian: alevik) in Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia in Tori Parish. Between 1992 and 2017 (until the administrative reform of Estonian local governments), the town was the administrative center of Sauga Parish.
# Talkhab-e Khun Ali

Talkhab-e Khun Ali (Persian: تلخاب خونعلي, also Romanized as Talkhab-e Khūn ʿAlī) is a village in Kushk Rural District, Abezhdan District, Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 65, in 11 families.
# Milak, Qazvin

Milak (Persian: ميلك, also Romanized as Mīlak) is a village in Rudbar-e Shahrestan Rural District, Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 64, in 30 families.

## Notable people

* Yousef Alikhani, writer, born in Milak in 1975.
# Rose Acre Farms

Rose Acre Farms is the second largest egg producer in the United States and employs more than 2,000 people. The company is based in Seymour, Indiana, and has facilities in seven states: Arizona, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri and North Carolina, plus joint ventures in Colorado and Hawaii. Rose Acre Farms is one of several producers that annually donate approximately 30,000 hard boiled eggs to the U.S. government for use at the White House Easter Egg Roll.
In 2013 the company began a 30-year effort to refit its facilities to cage-free standards.
In 2018, Rose Acre Farms donated $200,000 for a new animal science complex on the nearby campus of Purdue University at Lafayette, Indiana.
In April 2018, Rose Acre Farms announced that, due to concerns over Salmonella, they would be voluntarily recalling more than 200 million eggs which originated at its facility in Hyde County, North Carolina. All recalled eggs were conventional eggs from hens raised in battery cage facilities. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigation found, among other things, numerous rodents in the manure pits below the battery cages. It was the largest egg recall in the country since 2010.
Former board chairman John Rust stepped down in favor of his brother and the company's CEO, Marcus, in September 2023, to focus on a campaign running for the US Senate. Three months later, the company was found liable in a lawsuit alleging that it colluded, along with Cal-Maine, United Egg Producers, and United States Egg Marketers, to reduce the supply of eggs and increase prices between 2004 and 2008. The plaintiffs in the case, a group of large food manufacturers led by Kraft Foods, originally filed the long-running lawsuit in 2011, but it did not reach trial until October 2023.
In October 2024, the company announced that Tony Wesner, former Chief Operating Officer, was elected as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors. Wesner succeeded Marcus Rust as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Rust has taken an advisory role with the family-owned company, and will serve as the new Chief Visionary Officer. Terry Anderson, former Vice President of Operations, is now the Chief Operating Officer.
# New Silesia

New Silesia (German: Neuschlesien or Neu-Schlesien) was a small province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1795 to 1807, created after the Third Partition of Poland. It was located northwest of Kraków and southeast of Częstochowa, in the lands that had been part of the Duchy of Siewierz and the adjacent Polish historical province of Lesser Poland (the Kraków Voivodeship), including the towns of Żarki, Pilica, Będzin, and Sławków.
New Silesia had its capital at Siewierz. However, it was originally to be governed by the Silesian capital Breslau (Wrocław) and later largely administered by South Prussia. After the defeat of Prussia in the War of the Fourth Coalition in 1806, the province was dissolved and the territory was made part of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw in the Treaties of Tilsit of 1807.
# An Numaniyah

An-Nu'mānīyah (Arabic: النعمانية, romanized: an-Nuʿmānīyah) is a city on the Tigris river in Iraq, located roughly 140 kilometres (87 mi) southeast of Baghdad in the Wasit Province. It is the site of one of four national training centers for the Iraqi Army.
It is also the site of a base that was built by the Hussein regime and constructed by Yugoslavian contractors Mostogradnja. Following the beginning of the Iraq War, it changed its purpose September 1, 2004 to operate as a training base for new recruits and serve as the home station for three battalions of the Iraqi Intervention Force – the Iraqi army's counterinsurgency wing.

## History

An-Nu'maniyah is named after al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir who ruled the region. The city hosts the tomb of Al-Mutanabbi.
Nu'maniyah was an important town during the Middle Ages. It lay on the western bank of the Tigris, across from the town of Jabbul, and was the capital of the Upper Zab district. It had a Friday mosque in its marketplace. Ibn Rustah commented that Nu'maniyah was renowned for its carpets, which resembled those made at al-Hirah. In the 1300s, Hamdallah Mustawfi described Nu'maniyah as a prosperous town surrounded by date palm groves. Near the town, there was a monastery called Dayr Hizqil, where the monks looked after the mentally ill.

## An-Numaniyah Airfield

Located in An Numaniyah was the An Numaniyah Air Base and Training Center, which garrisoned 3 battalions of the Iraq Intervention Force. The base closed in 2006 after suffering corruption.
# Sudslava

Sudslava (German: Cuslau) is a municipality and village in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Sudslava lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Ústí nad Orlicí, 37 km (23 mi) east of Pardubice, and 134 km (83 mi) east of Prague.
# Agnesia

Agnesia is a genus of herbaceous South American bamboo in the grass family.
It is named in honor of agrostologist (botanical specialist in the area of grasses) Mary Agnes Chase (1869-1963).
The only known species is Agnesia lancifolia, native to lowland tropical rainforests of Brazil, Colombia and Peru.
Agnesia lancifolia is perennial herb with 7-10 stems per clump, each up to 50 cm tall. Lower leaves lacking blades or with blades less than 5 mm long; upper leaves with blades up to 16 cm long. Each stem has 1-6 racemes at the tips of the culm or from the axils of the upper leaves, pistillate (female) and staminate (male) flowers in different spikelets on the same plant.
# Al-Akhmas

Al-Akhmas (Arabic: الاخماس) is a sub-district located in Far Al Udayn District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Al-Akhmas had a population of 12568 according to the 2004 census.
# Lockwood, Saskatchewan

Lockwood is a former village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It was dissolved in 2002; its population is now counted as part of the Rural Municipality of Usborne No. 310. Lockwood is located on Highway 20 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of the town of Nokomis.

## History

Prior to January 1, 2002, Lockwood was incorporated as a village, and was restructured as a hamlet under the jurisdiction of the RM of Usborne on that date.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Lockwood had a population of 5 living in 7 of its 8 total private dwellings, a change of -66.7% from its 2016 population of 15. With a land area of 0.73 km$^2$ (0.28 sq mi), it had a population density of 6.8/km$^2$ (17.7/sq mi) in 2021.
# Jocasta (disambiguation)

Jocasta or Iocaste (Ancient Greek: Ἰοκάστη) is a character in Greek mythology.
It may also refer to:
* Iocaste (moon), a moon of Jupiter
* Jocasta (band), a 1990s Britpop band
* Jocasta (Rome character), a minor character in the TV series Rome
* Jocasta (comics), a Marvel Comics character
* Jocaste (crustacean), a shrimp genus
* Jocasta Nu, a minor Star Wars character
* 899 Jokaste, a minor planet orbiting the Sun
* Jocasta Ayrs, a character from the novel Cloud Atlas
* Jocasta Cameron, a character from the novel series Outlander
# Giuseppe Castiglione (1829–1908)

Giuseppe Castiglione (1829–1908) was an Italian artist known for genre paintings and portraits.
Castiglione was born in Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. He moved to Paris early in his career and is thought to have studied painting there. He started exhibiting his paintings in Paris and Turin. He was a member of the Société des Artistes Français and was awarded honorable mention at the 1861 Salon exhibition. He was awarded a medal at the Salon exhibition of 1869. At the Exposition Universelle of 1900, Castiglione was awarded a bronze medal. He was decorated with the Légion d’honneur in 1893.
He played chess.

## Works

These include:
* Le Salon Carré, 1861, 69 x 103 cm, Louvre museum, Paris
* Visiting the Cardinal Uncle, Philadelphia Exposition, 1876, medal
* The Warrants, 1876
* The Terrace of the Palace Royal at Naples, Paris, 1877
* A Duel Without Witnesses, Paris, 1877
* Portrait of Pandolfini of the Theater des Italians, 1878
* Lesson to the Paroquet, 1878
* A View of Haddon Hall, England, Invaded by Soldiers of Cromwell, Paris Exposition 1878
* The Introduction
* The Three Musketeers, VerzamelaarsVeiling oktober 2017
* On the River at Dusk
# Mohammed al-Ifrani

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ifrani al-Susi al-Marrakushi (Arabic: محمد الصغير الإفراني) (1669/1670–c. 1742/1743), called al-Saghir, was a Moroccan historian and biographer.

## Biography

al-Ifrani was born in 1669/1670 in Marrakesh. His family was from the Ifran tribe, a Shilha Berber tribe of the Draa River basin in the Sous region. He began his studies in his hometown, where he followed the courses of the scholar, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn 'Ali al-Mawasi as-Susi (d. 1718). Then he went to Fez to continue his studies in the al-Qarawiyyin, where he attended the lessons of scholars such as Ahmad ibn Abd el-Hayy al-Halabi and Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd al-Qadir al-Fasi.

## Works

Some of his works are:
* Nuzhat al-hddi bi-akhbar muluk al-Qarn al-Hadi, a chronicle of the Saadid sultans of Morocco
* al-Maslak as-sahl fi sharh tawchih Ibn Sahl, a commentary on Tawshih or Muwashshah of the Andalusian poet, Ibn Sahl
* Safwat man intashar min akhbar sulaha' al-qarn al-addi 'ashar, a compilation of biographies of 17th-century Moroccan saints
* az-Zill al-warif fi mafakhir Mawlana Ismail ibn al-Sharif (or Rawdat at-tarif), a monograph on the Alaouite sultan of Morocco, Moulay Ismail Ibn Sharif
* Durar al-hijal fi ma'athir sab'at rijal, a monograph on the Seven Saints of Marrakesh
* al-Mu'rib fi akhbar al-Maghrib, a general history of Morocco until his time
# Krasnı Xutor

Krasnı Xutor (also, Krasnyy Khutor) is a village in the Khachmaz Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Yataqoba.
# Tir Bazar

Tir Bazar (Persian: تيربازار, also Romanized as Tīr Bāzār; also known as Tīr Bāzār Bāla and Tīr Bāzān) is a village in Koregah-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 648, in 130 families.
# Chapacho

Chapacho (Nepali: चपाचो) is a town in Madhyapur Thimi of Bhaktapur District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7,734 with 1,186 houses in it.
# Angiar

Angiar (Persian: انگ يار, also Romanized as Angīār) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 86, in 18 families.
# Chah Zilan

Chah Zilan (Persian: چاه زيلان, also Romanized as Chāh Zīlān; also known as Cheh Zīlān) is a village in Taftan-e Jonubi Rural District, Nukabad District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in five families.