OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reaper-binder

The reaper-binder, or binder, is a farm implement that improved upon the simple reaper. The binder was invented in 1872 by Charles Baxter Withington, a jeweler from Janesville, Wisconsin. In addition to cutting the small-grain crop, a binder also 'binds' the stems into bundles or sheaves. These sheaves are usually then 'shocked' into A-shaped conical stooks, resembling small tipis, to allow the grain to dry for several days before being picked up and threshed.
Withington's original binder used wire to tie the bundles. There were problems with using wire and it was not long before William Deering invented a binder that successfully used twine and a knotter (invented in 1858 by John Appleby).
Early binders were horse-drawn, their cutting and tying-mechanisms powered by a bull-wheel, that through the traction of being pulled forward creates rotational forces to operate the mechanical components of the machine. Later models were tractor-drawn and some were tractor-powered. (This mechanical power transfer is commonly referred to as a PTO or power take-off device.) Binders have a reel and a sickle bar, like a modern grain head for a combine harvester. The cut stems fall onto a canvas bed which conveys the cut stems to the binding mechanism. This mechanism bundles the stems of grain and ties the bundle with string to form a sheaf. Once tied, the sheaf is discharged from the side of the binder, to be picked up by the 'stookers'.
With the replacement of the threshing machine by the combine harvester, the binder has become almost obsolete. Some grain crops such as oats are now cut and formed into windrows with a swather. With other grain crops, such as wheat, the grain is now mostly cut and threshed by a combine in a single operation, but the much lighter binder is still in use in small fields or mountain areas too steep or inaccessible for heavy combines.
Reaper-binders were in wide use in the People's Republic of Poland, but farmers often could not operate them due to shortages of twine and a lack of replacement parts. This was such a regular occurrence that baling twine (Polish: sznurek do snopowiązałki) remains a symbol of the dysfunction of the communist economy in the cultural memory of Poland.
# 2022 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's 500 m time trial

The Women's 500 m time trial competition at the 2022 UCI Track Cycling World Championships will be held on 15 October 2022.

## Results
### Qualifying

The qualifying was started at 12:00. The top eight riders qualified for the final.
| Rank | Name | Nation | Time | Behind | Notes |
| 1 | Emma Hinze | Germany | 32.968 | | Q |
| 2 | Taky Marie-Divine Kouamé | France | 33.159 | +0.191 | Q |
| 3 | Kristina Clonan | Australia | 33.178 | +0.210 | Q |
| 4 | Hetty van de Wouw | Netherlands | 33.183 | +0.215 | Q |
| 5 | Martha Bayona | Colombia | 33.235 | +0.267 | Q |
| 6 | Kelsey Mitchell | Canada | 33.268 | +0.300 | Q |
| 7 | Guo Yufang | China | 33.295 | +0.327 | Q |
| 8 | Kyra Lamberink | Netherlands | 33.313 | +0.345 | Q |
| 9 | Lea Friedrich | Germany | 33.320 | +0.352 | |
| 10 | Pauline Grabosch | Germany | 33.378 | +0.410 | |
| 11 | Emma Finucane | Great Britain | 33.659 | +0.691 | |
| 12 | Lauren Bell | Great Britain | 33.915 | +0.947 | |
| 13 | Marlena Karwacka | Poland | 33.955 | +0.987 | |
| 14 | Urszula Łoś | Poland | 33.957 | +0.989 | |
| 15 | Alessa-Catriona Pröpster | Germany | 34.015 | +1.047 | |
| 16 | Julie Michaux | France | 34.089 | +1.121 | |
| 17 | Miriam Vece | Italy | 34.301 | +1.333 | |
| 18 | Veronika Jaborníková | Czech Republic | 34.382 | +1.414 | |
| 19 | Sarah Orban | Canada | 34.499 | +1.531 | |
| 20 | Helena Casas | Spain | 34.554 | +1.586 | |
| 21 | Orla Walsh | Ireland | 34.765 | +1.797 | |
| 22 | Anis Amira Rosidi | Malaysia | 35.349 | +2.381 | |
| 23 | Nurul Izzah Izzati Mohd Asri | Malaysia | 35.513 | +2.545 | |
| 24 | Nurul Aliana Syafika Azizan | Malaysia | 36.936 | +3.968 | |
| 25 | Tombrapa Grikpa | Nigeria | 40.219 | +7.251 | |

### Final

The final was started at 17:30.
| Rank | Name | Nation | Time | Behind |
| | Taky Marie-Divine Kouamé | France | 32.835 | |
| | Emma Hinze | Germany | 33.051 | +0.216 |
| | Guo Yufang | China | 33.214 | +0.379 |
| 4 | Hetty van de Wouw | Netherlands | 33.243 | +0.408 |
| 5 | Kristina Clonan | Australia | 33.295 | +0.460 |
| 6 | Martha Bayona | Colombia | 33.347 | +0.512 |
| 7 | Kelsey Mitchell | Canada | 33.359 | +0.524 |
| 8 | Kyra Lamberink | Netherlands | 33.703 | +0.868 |
# Le Plagnal

Le Plagnal (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lo Planhau) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.
# Kohila

Kohila (formerly also Kapa-Kohila, German: Koil, Kappakoil) is a borough (Estonian: alev) in Rapla County, northern Estonia. It is the administrative center of Kohila Parish. Kohila has a population of 3,505 (as of 1 January 2006).
Kohila has a railway station on the Tallinn - Viljandi railway line operated by Elron (rail transit).
The former name of the borough "Kapa-Kohila" is used as a synonym for "middle of nowhere" or to name any random place in Estonia.

## History
### Kohila manor

Kohila manor (German: Koil) dates back to at least 1438. During its long history, the estate has belonged to various Baltic German families, including the Wrangel family, who owned it for more than 200 years. The present-day building originally dates from the early 19th century, but was heavily rebuilt after being burnt by rioters during the Revolution of 1905. Fourteen of the rioters were shot to death by Russian troops, and the lord of the manor, shaken by the events, shortly afterwards decided to sell the estate to a paper pulp factory.
Nowadays in Kohila there is a place named Tohisoo. Earlier Tohisoo manor was located there.

## Economy

Kohila is the location of Kohila plywood mill, operated by Kohila Vineer OÜ, a subsidiary of Latvijas Finieris.

## Gallery

* Kohila rural municipality government
* Kohila public library
* Kohila sports center
* Kohila railway station
* Tohisoo manor, now Kohila Training Center, an educational institution
* Kohila Vineer, a lumber and plywood manufacturer
* Mill dam on the Kohila River
* Kohila Orthodox church
* Kohila Gymnasium
* Estonian War of Independence memorial

## Notable residents

* Theodor Altermann (1885–1915), actor, theatre director and producer
* Vaiko Eplik (born 1981), singer and composer
* Indrek Hirv (born 1956), poet and artist
* Enar Jääger (born 1984), footballer
* Enver Jääger (born 1982), footballer
* Rait-Riivo Laane (born 1993), basketball player
* Birgit Õigemeel (born 1988), singer
* Kristjan Rahnu (born 1979), decathlete
# Márcio (footballer, born February 1981)

Márcio de Oliveira Barros (February 7, 1981, in Rio de Janeiro – April 21, 2012, in São Paulo) was a Brazilian footballer who played for Atlético Sorocaba and Taubaté.

## Career

Marcinho began playing professional football with Botafogo Futebol Clube. Marcinho joined Jiangsu Sainty in 2008. He helped the club promote to the top flight, but he was released at the end of the season and returned to Brazil.
On 24 February 2010, Anhui Jiufang, who would play in China League One, confirmed that Márcio had signed a contract with the club.
Marcio died on April 21, 2012, in São Paulo.

## Honours

Jiangsu Sainty
* China League One: 2008
# Placosaris lindgreni

Placosaris lindgreni is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe and Akira Mutuura in 1970. It is found in India.
# Stizophyllum

Stizophyllum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Bignoniaceae.
Its native range is Southern Mexico to Southern Tropical America.

## Species

Species:
* Stizophyllum inaequilaterum Bureau & K.Schum.
* Stizophyllum perforatum (Cham.) Miers
* Stizophyllum riparium (Kunth) Sandwith
# Saleh Ebrahim

Saleh Ebrahim (Persian: صالح ابراهيم, also Romanized as Şāleḩ Ebrāhīm) is a village in Lalar and Katak Rural District, Chelo District, Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 52, in 8 families.
# Aqa Molk

Aqa Molk (Persian: اقاملك, also Romanized as Āqā Molk and Āqā Malek) is a village in Lalehabad Rural District, Lalehabad District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,298, in 351 families.
# Antipodes Fracture Zone

The Antipodes Fracture Zone (60°S 151°W﻿ / ﻿60°S 151°W﻿ / -60; -151) is an undersea fracture zone named in association with Antipodes Island. The name was proposed by Dr. Steven C. Cande of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and approved by the Advisory Committee on Undersea Features in September 1997.
# Kani Shurik, Sumay-ye Beradust

Kani Shurik (Persian: كاني شوريك, also Romanized as Kānī Shūrīk; also known as Kānī Sharak and Kānī Sharīk) is a village in Beradust Rural District, Sumay-ye Beradust District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 191, in 31 families.
# Rixö

Rixö is a locality situated in Lysekil Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 357 inhabitants in 2010.

## History

The settlement grew up around the granite quarry and stonemasonry industry in the shore of Brofjorden. The industry was started on a German initiative and was run by Skandinaviska Granit AB in 1875–1964. Most of the stone was exported to Germany for the building of Autobahn; some went to Argentina and to various constructions in Sweden. As of 2018, only a small part of the quarry is in operation.

## Geography

In Brofjorden, opposite Rixö is Ryxö island, a designated nature reserve.
# Vadaperumbakkam

Vadaperumbakkam (Tamil: வடபெரும்பாக்கம்), is a developing residential area in North Chennai, a metropolitan city in Tamil Nadu, India. On 2011, Vadaperumbakkam Merged with Chennai Corporation.

## Surroundings

vteDirections from Vadaperumbakkam :
Red Hills
Perungavur
Kosappur
Puzhal
Vadaperumbakkam
Theeyampakkam
Puzhal
Manjambakkam
Mathur :
Vadaperumbakkam was an agricultural village before the year 2000. After 2005, the industrial and Godown development started and developed quickly. On 2011, Vaperumbakkam merged with Chennai Corporation (City Limit) due to its fast development. It is surrounded by Madhavaram, Puzhal and Perambur. It is an industrial area as the vicinity is mostly of godowns and industries. However it yet to be declared as one. The gutka packets for the famous gutka scam which happened in Chennai was stored in a godown here.
# Rewind (Devlin song)

"Rewind" is a song by English rapper Devlin, featuring vocals from Diane Birch. The song was released as a digital download on 24 January 2013 as the third single from his second studio album A Moving Picture (2013). The song was written by Devlin, Diane Birch, Richard Duffy, Thomas Barnes, Peter Kelleher, Ben Kohn, Ruth-Anne Cunningham and produced by TMS. It peaked at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart.
In the song, Devlin reflects on himself, taking on more mature and sensitive themes of loss and personal darkness. He stated to 4music, "If I could rewind and have some people that I've lost – some friends and my relatives – see me be successful and grow into a young man, I would've loved them to have been here right now."

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Rewind" was first released onto YouTube on 12 December 2012 at a total length of three minutes and forty-three seconds.

## Credits and personnel

* Vocals – Devlin, Diane Birch
* Producer – TMS
* Lyrics – Devlin, Diane Birch, Thomas Barnes, Peter Keheller, Ben Kohn, Ruth-Anne Cunningham
* Label – Island Records, Universal Music Group

## Chart performance
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| Scotland (OCC) | 11 |
| UK Dance (OCC) | 3 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 10 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | 24 January 2013 | Digital download | Island Records, Universal Music Group |
# Hajat, Iran

Hajat (Persian: حاجات, also Romanized as Ḩājāt) is a village in Sarduiyeh Rural District, Sarduiyeh District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17, in 6 families.
# Air Control (video game)

Air Control is a 2014 video game developed by Russian indie studio Killjoy Games and released May 23, 2014. It is based on the Unity 5 game engine. The game was panned by critics. It was removed from Steam within several months of its release.

## Gameplay

In casual mode and realistic mode, the player acts as a flight attendant in an aircraft initially. After enough service as a flight attendant to humans, the player then becomes an attendant for zombies, which then transitions to a first person shooter. Eventually it becomes a flight simulator, allowing the player to control an aircraft.
Killjoy mode allows the player to use a set of keys to control an aircraft from the exterior.

## Reception

Reviewers panned Air Control. Adam Smith, writing for Rock, Paper, Shotgun pre-release, compared the game to a "trashy B movie experience", remarking "so it's good that it's bad!", and wasn't sure whether "there [was] any flight simulation at all". Alexander Pushkar, writing for Russian website Igromania, also pre-release, was hyperbolic about the effects the game had on his mental state and stated that the game has no right to exist. Kevin VanOrd, writing for GameSpot, called the game a "travesty, [...] homely, unfinished, and inept." Tyler Wilde, writing for PC Gamer, called the game "one giant bug" and advised players not to purchase the game. Wilde also found that the game contains audio from the Delta Air Lines safety video.

## Developer Reaction

PC Gamer journalists managed to contact the game's developer, Ramil Nassyrov, who was 20 years old at the time. He disagreed with the journalist's opinion about the large number of errors in the game, noting that the game is "a bit hardcore" and "requires practice." After that, Nassyrov promised to release regular updates.
Further reaction by Nassyrov included deleting and banning Steam users from discussion boards which brought criticism and questioning to the game, and even went as far as to add friends with people who showed positive reviews or support for the game, or boldly claiming that their PCs "were not powerful enough."
# Key Island

Key Island, with the adjacent Key Reef, is a granite island, with an area of 6 ha, in south-eastern Australia. It is part of Tasmania’s Long Island Group, lying in eastern Bass Strait west of Cape Barren Island in the Furneaux Group. The ketch 'Grace Victoria Holyman' was wrecked near here in Thunder & Lightning Bay in 1897.

## Flora and fauna

Recorded breeding seabird and wader species include little penguin, Pacific gull, sooty oystercatcher, white-fronted tern and Caspian tern. The metallic skink is present.
# Siyaban

Siyaban (Persian: سيابان, also Romanized as Sīyābān) is a village in Qarah Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 125, in 27 families.
# Cholamandalam Investment and Finance Company

Cholamandalam Investment and Finance Company Limited (CIFCL) is an Indian non-banking financial company and investment service provider, headquartered in Chennai. Established in 1978, it is a part of the Murugappa Group.
As of 2024, the company has 1,387 branches across the country and more than 54,000 employees, with the majority being in smaller towns.

## History

In 2005, DBS Bank acquired a 37.5% stake in Cholamandalam Investment and Finance Company, with the Murugappa Group lowering its stake to 37.5%. The company was subsequently renamed as Cholamandalam DBS Finance. In 2010, DBS Bank sold its entire stake back to Murugappa Group and exited the joint venture.
# William R. Boyd Unit

The William R. Boyd Unit is a state Prison housing “male” inmates located approximately 6 miles northeast of Teague, Texas and approximately 5 miles southwest of Fairfield, Texas.
The prison is on approximately 734 acres of land and is operated by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice Correctional Institutions Division employing 292 people as of August 31, 2012.
# Gateh-ye Now

Gateh-ye Now (Persian: گته نو) is a village in Khvosh Rud Rural District, Bandpey-ye Gharbi District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 40, in 11 families.
# Pladda

Pladda (Scottish Gaelic: Pladaigh) is an uninhabited island 1 km (0.62 mi) off the south coast of the Isle of Arran in the Firth of Clyde at grid reference NS027191, western Scotland. It is home to the automated Pladda Lighthouse. The island is privately owned, having been put up for sale by Arran Estate in 1990. The island was put on sale in 2022 for £350,000, and bought shortly after.

## Geography

Pladda is a small, flat, teardrop-shaped island, 700 m (2,300 ft) long and rising to just 27 m (89 ft) above sea level. Unusually for such a small island, it has its own source of fresh water. Pladda shares its name with Pladda Island, a tiny islet situated in the Lynn of Lorne between Lismore and Ardmucknish Bay.

## Lighthouse

Pladda Lighthouse and its ancillary buildings stand at the southern end of Pladda.

## Church

There appears to have been a church or chapel on Pladda. John of Fordun and other chroniclers from 1400 to 1500 speak of the isle of St Blase of Pladda. Nothing now remains to mark its site, and its whereabouts are unknown.

## In popular culture

Pladda and its lighthouse feature extensively in Peter Hill's book Stargazing: Memoirs of a Young Lighthouse Keeper. They were also filming locations for "Queen Victoria Syndrome", the first episode of season 5 of The Crown.
# Saint-Julien-lès-Metz

Saint-Julien-lès-Metz (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Julien near Metz; German: Sankt Julian bei Metz) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Ljungström turbine

The Ljungström turbine (Ljungströmturbinen) is a steam turbine. It is also known as the STAL turbine, from the company name STAL (Swedish: Svenska Turbinfabriks Aktiebolaget Ljungström). The technology has had numerous uses since its conception, from power plants to vehicles as large as the supertanker Seawise Giant.
The turbine was invented circa 1908 by the Swedish brothers Birger Ljungström (1872–1948) and Fredrik Ljungström (1875–1964). The Ljungström brothers were creative, versatile inventors, typical of the 19th century. They not only named the turbine type, but also an early form of a bicycle.

## Functionality

The steam flows through the machine in a radial direction from the centre to the outer extremities. The turbine consists of two halves that rotate against each other. As a result, each rotor blade of the one turbine half serves simultaneously as the guide blade of the other half. The different direction of rotation of the two halves is either compensated by a gearbox connected downstream or by separate generators if the turbine is used for the generation of electrical power. The Ljungström turbine can either be used with a condenser to recover the exhaust steam as condensate, or alternatively the exhaust can be utilised for the supply of a district heating grid, and thus the turbine is flexible in its application. It was therefore used in large industrial complexes, which could use the exhaust of this engine for both combined heat and power as well as its electric energy. The functionality has been employed for several power plants.
In principle, the maximum power possible is about 32 MW, since the diameter of the two turbine halves are limited to a practical size due to fabrication constraints. Coupled with a Parsons turbine, the output of a Ljungström turbine can be increased to about 50 MW. Since more modern steam power plants have a significantly higher performance, the Ljungström turbine is generally no longer utilised today. The largest ship ever built, the ULCC supertanker Seawise Giant, was powered by this type of engine.

## Gallery

* Radial impeller for Ljungstrom turbine - Museo scienza tecnologia, Milan
* Factory in Gåshaga, Lidingö, Stockholm, for production of Ljungström locomotives, (1918)
* Ljungström 50 MW electric generator unit for power station in Västerås (1932)
* Turbine rotor of the same turbine (50 MW)
* STAL counterpressure steam turbine of steel
* Rotor for a Ljungström turbine with internal radial and external axial blading
# 2nd Fighter Division (Germany)

2nd Fighter Division (German: 2. Jagd-Division) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II. It was formed 1 May 1942 in Stade The Division was disbanded on 8 May 1945. The Division was subordinated to XII. Fliegerkorps (May 1942 – September 1943), I. Jagdkorps (September 1943 – January 1945) and IX (J) Fliegerkorps (January 1945 – May 1945).

## Commanding officers

* Generalleutnant Walter Schwabedissen, 1 May 1942 – 30 September 1943
* Generalmajor Max Ibel, 1 October 1943 – 1 February 1945
* Oberst Gustav Rödel, 1 February 1945 – May 1945

## Subordinated units

* Lw.Sanitäts-Abt./2. Jagddivision (1 May 1942 – 8 May 1945)
* Jagdfliegerführer 2 (1 December 1943 – 31 December 1944)
* Jagdabschnittsführer Dänemark (1 September 1943 – 8 May 1945)
* Jagdfliegerführer Deutsche Bucht (1 September 1943 – 31 December 1943)
* Luftnachrichten-Regiment 202 (1 May 1942 – 8 May 1945)
* Luftnachrichten-Regiment 212 (1 May 1942 – 8 May 1945)
* Luftnachrichten-Regiment 222 (1 May 1942 – 8 May 1945)
* Luftnachrichten-Regiment 232 (1 May 1942 – 8 May 1945)
# Qeshlaq-e Beyg Ali

Qeshlaq-e Beyg Ali (Persian: قشلاق بيگ علي) may refer to:
* Qeshlaq-e Beyg Ali-ye Olya
* Qeshlaq-e Beyg Ali-ye Sofla
* Qeshlaq-e Beyg Ali-ye Vosta
# Sar Jub, Kermanshah

Sar Jub (Persian: سرجوب, also Romanized as Sar Jūb; also known as Sar Jūb-e Jalāvand, Sar Jūb-e ‘Olyā, Sar Jūb-e Soflá, and Sarju Jalālwand) is a village in Jalalvand Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 263, in 48 families.
# Arabdzhabirli Vtoroye

40°38′N 47°43′E﻿ / ﻿40.633°N 47.717°E﻿ / 40.633; 47.717
Arabdzhabirli Vtoroye (Azerbaijani: İkinci Ərəbcəbirli) is a village in the Goychay Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Ərəbcəbirli.
# Comarca de Loja

Comarca de Loja is a comarca in the province of Granada, Spain.
It is made up of ten municipalities, of which the most populated and largest is Loja ; on the other hand, the municipality with the lowest number of inhabitants is Zagra, and the smallest is Villanueva Mesía. Its traditional and historical capital is the city of Loja.
It consists of the following municipalities:
| Municipality | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2023) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| Algarinejo | 92.11 | 2,396 | 26.01 |
| Huétor-Tájar | 39.94 | 10,673 | 267.23 |
| Íllora | 197.43 | 9,951 | 50.40 |
| Loja | 447.53 | 20,580 | 45.99 |
| Moclín | 113.11 | 3,558 | 31.46 |
| Montefrío | 253.92 | 5,376 | 21.17 |
| Moraleda de Zafayona | 48.12 | 3,130 | 65.05 |
| Salar | 85.6 | 2,617 | 30.57 |
| Villanueva Mesía | 11.18 | 2,009 | 179.70 |
| Zagra | 11.33 | 865 | 76.35 |
| Total | 1,300.27 | 61,155 | 47.03 |
# Bab al-Louq

Bab al-Louq (also Bab el-Louk, Bab al-Luq; Egyptian Arabic: باب اللوق, IPA:) is a neighborhood in downtown Cairo. The Egyptian Ministry of Interior was formerly located there.
# Chah Paznan

Chah Paznan (Persian: چاه پازنان, also Romanized as Chāh Pāznān) is a village in Dasht-e Rum Rural District, in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 52, in 12 families.
# Varleh

Varleh (Persian: ورله) is a village in Miyan Darband Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 179, in 40 families.
# Small knot

The small knot, also known as oriental knot, Kent knot, or simple knot, is the simplest method of tying a necktie. Unlike the Four-in-hand knot and Windsor knot, the small knot is not self-releasing. The small knot is tied inside out, though this can be mitigated by giving the tie a half-twist during the tying process.
Using the notation from The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie, the knot is tied