# Moscow Ring Road

The Moscow Automobile Ring Road (Russian: Московская кольцевая автомобильная дорога, romanized: Moskovskaya koltsevaya avtomobilnaya doroga), or MKAD (МКАД), is a ring road running predominantly on the city border of Moscow with a length of 108.9 km (67.7 mi) and 35 exits (including ten interchanges). It was completed in 1962. The speed limit is 100 km/h.

## History

The growth of traffic in and around Moscow in the 1950s made the city planners realise Russia's largest metropolis needed a bypass to redirect incoming traffic from major roads that run through the city. Opened in 1961, the MKAD had four lanes of asphalt running 108.9 kilometres along the city borders. Although not yet a freeway, it featured interchanges at major junctions, very few traffic lights, and a speed limit of 100 km/h (62 mph).
For a long time the MKAD served as the administrative boundary of Moscow city, until in the 1980s Moscow started annexing territory outside the beltway. In December 2002 Bulvar Dmitriya Donskogo became the first Moscow Metro station that opened beyond the limits of MKAD.
In 1995–1999, the road was widened from the initial four to ten lanes, while all intersections became grade-separated, bridges were built to accommodate pedestrians, traffic lights were removed, and a solid concrete barrier was installed in the median. In 2001, all slow-moving vehicles were banned from entering the MKAD, and the renovated road received a freeway designation from the mayor's office.

## Route

| Distance (approx.) | Destinations |
| 0 km | M 7 (Entuziastov shosse) – Nizhny Novgorod |
| 2 km | Pobeda ulitsa — Reutov, Ivanovskoe |
| 4 km | Ketcherskaya ulitsa, Nosovikhinskoye ulitsa — Balashikha, Elektrougli |
| 6 km | Novokosino District |
| 7 km | Moldagulovoy ulitsa, Novoukhtomskoe shosse |
| 8 km | North-Eastern Chord, Kosinskoe Highway |
| 8 km | Ryazansky prospekt, Lermontovsky prospekt — Lyubertsy |
| 11 km | M 5 (Volgogradsky prospekt, Novoryazanskoye shosse) – Ryazan, Bykovo Airport |
| 14 km | Verkhniye Polya ulitsa — Kotelniki |
| 16 km | Energetikov ulitsa, Kapotnya ulitsa — Dzerzhinsky, Kapotnya |
| 20 km | Besedinskoe shosse — Besedy |
| 24 km | Kashirskoye Highway |
| 27 km | M 4 (Lipetskaya ulitsa) – Domodedovo Airport, Vidnoe, Kashira, Rostov-on-Don |
| 30 km | Bulatnikovo |
| 33 km | M 2 (Varshavskoe shosse) – Ostafyevo International Airport, Podolsk |
| 35 km | Polyany ulitsa — Butovo |
| 38 km | Paustovskogo ulitsa — Yasenevo |
| 41 km | A 130 / Profsoyuznaya ulitsa |
| 45 km | M 3 (Kiyevskoye Highway) / Leninsky Avenue – Vnukovo Airport, Bryansk, Kyiv |
| 48 km | Borovskoye shosse, Ozyornaya ulitsa |
| 55 km | M 1 (Minskoye shosse) / Mozhayskoye shosse – Smolensk, Brest, Belarus |
| 56 km | Gorbunova ulitsa — Nemchinovka |
| 60 km | A 106 (Rublevo-Uspenskoye shosse) – Uspenskoye |
| 61 km | Rublevo-Uspenskoye shosse — Rublevo |
| 63 km | M 9 (Novorizhskoye shosse) / Marshala Zhukova prospekt – Riga, Velikiye Luki |
| 65 km | Myankininsky prospekt — Myakinino |
| 68 km | A 109 (Volokolamskoye shosse) – Dedovsk, Petrovo-Dalneye |
| 72 km | Novokurkinskoye shosse — Kurkino |
| 74 km | Svobody ulitsa, Molodezhnaya ulitsa — Kurkino |
| 75 km | M 10 – Sheremetyevo International Airport, Khimki, Saint Petersburg |
| 78 km | M 11 |
| 82 km | A 104 (Dmitrovskoye shosse) – Dubna, Dmitrov |
| 85 km | Altufyevskoye shosse — Veshki |
| 91 km | Ostashskovskaya ulitsa |
| 95 km | M 8 (Yaroslavskoye shosse) – Yaroslavl |
| 103 km | Khabarovskaya ulitsa — Abramtsevo |
| 105 km | A 103 (Shchelkovskoye shosse) – Shchyolkovo |

## Gallery

* Interchange of MKAD and Kashirskoye Highway in Moscow
* MKAD interchange with Moscow–Saint Petersburg motorway
* Interchange of MKAD and Leningradskoye Highway
* Interchange of MKAD and Borovskoe shosse
* Interchange of MKAD and Mozhayskoe shosse
* MKAD interchange with Novorizhskoe shosse
* Interchange of MKAD and Volokolamskoe shosse
* Interchange of MKAD and Yaroslavskoe shosse
* Interchange of MKAD and Myakininsky proezd
* MKAD interchange with Molodogvardeyskaya street
* MKAD interchange with Dmitrovskoe highway
* MKAD interchange with Verkhniye polya street
* MKAD interchange with M2
* MKAD near Strogino District
* MKAD interchange with Profsoyuznaya street/A-101 (Kaluzhskoe shosse)
* Yaroslavskoe highway interchange
* Interchange of MKAD and Volgogradsky Prospekt in Moscow