OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Harrington (died 1654)

John Harrington (c. 1589–1654) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1645.
Harrington was the son of Sir John Harrington, of Kelston, Somerset. He matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford on 7 December 1604 aged 15. He migrated to Cambridge University where he was incorporated in 1607. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1615. In 1645, Harrington was elected Member of Parliament for Somerset as a recruiter to the Long Parliament. His election was declared void in April 1646 and he was re-elected MP for Somerset in July 1646. He was secluded under Pride's Purge in December 1648. He was treasurer of his Inn in 1651.
Harrington died between 21 April 1654 when he made his will and 31 May 1654. He was the father of John who was also an MP.
# Schilling tendon procedure

The Schilling tendon procedure is a temporary surgical procedure developed by the former Boston Red Sox team physician William Morgan, MD, to stabilize the peroneus brevis tendon so that it is prevented from anterior displacement during ankle eversion. If the peroneal retinaculum is torn, the fibular retinacula are no longer stabilized. This allows the peroneus brevis tendon to move untethered over the lateral malleolus, creating pain. During pitching mechanics, the snapping of the tendon over the bone is painful and distracting to the pitcher.
The procedure involves the placement of three sutures through the skin anterior to the path of the peroneus brevis tendon and into the underlying deep connective tissue. These sutures provide a temporary barrier, preventing the tendon from moving anteriorly over the malleolus. This procedure was first tested on a cadaver to establish if the surgery would work or not. The procedure is performed with local anaesthetic, about 24 hours before the player begins to pitch. The stitches must be removed immediately following the cessation of play, and indications are that the stitches may tear during the course of a game.
The procedure is named for Major League Baseball pitcher Curt Schilling, who required the surgery to be able to pitch for the Boston Red Sox in Game 6 of the 2004 American League Championship Series and Game 2 of the 2004 World Series.
# A.P. and anti-tire mine

The A.P. and anti-tire mine was a British anti-personnel mine and anti-vehicle mine used in World War II.

## Design
### Parts

The mine's exterior is made up of two circular steel half. The bottom half is smaller than the top. The bottom half contains the detonator system which makes the mine blow up. The top half contains the actual explosive which is in the shape of a circle without the middle. The explosive is attached to the top half through some substance which holds it in place.

### Detonation process

The mine is triggered by pressure on top of it by something above compressing the mine. This causes the detonator retainer to go down onto a cap retainer sleeve which coils the striker spring. This simultaneously making the striker go through shear wire. When the striker goes through the shear wire the force of the striker springs makes the striker go further and makes contact with a percussion cap. The flames made by the striker coming into contact with the percussion cap go through holes in the mine activating the two detonators which in turn detonate the mines explosive contents.

### Arming and disarming

The mine is armed by putting the detonator retainer over the percussion cap retaining sleeve and screwing the percussion cap into the lower half of the mine. Then the larger upper half is placed on the smaller lower half. Disarming the mine involves doing the opposite of arming and also there is no safety as that cannot be used to neutralise it the mine is basic.

## Service

This mine was intended to be used by airborne units. Its light charge means it is only capable of damaging tires on motor vehicles but it is sufficient to severely injure a soldier and possibly kill them and will definitely make anyone that steps on it a casualty.
# Marnhagues-et-Latour

Marnhagues-et-Latour (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Marnhagas e la Tor) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

## Geography

The Sorgues flows west-northwest through the commune; the Latour hamlet lies on its right bank. The Marnhagues hamlet lies in the valley of the Matas brook, a tributary of the Sorgues. The third hamlet in the commune, Laroquaubel, lies in the valley of the Annou, another tributary of the Sorgues.

## Sights

* The Nonenque Charterhouse (French: Chartreuse Notre-Dame du Précieux Sang or Chartreuse de Nonenque) lies north of Laroquaubel, in the same valley.
# S. R. Ramanan

S R Ramanan is an Indian meteorologist. He worked as the Director of Cyclone warning centre in Chennai, Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He serves on the advisory committee of the centre for climate change and adoption research, Anna University, Chennai. He became popular in social media. Ramanan retired in July 2016 after 36 years as a weatherman. He is most often called by "Rain Man Ramanan", "Word of Rain", "God of Students", "Mazhayin Mahathma", "Kadalora Maavata Kadavul" "90's Kids in Kavalan" and "Minnalin Jannal".

## Education

Ramanan is a post graduate in physics from Annamalai University. He got his PhD from the Madras University in the field of Agricultural Climatology. Ramanan is a HSC from Aruna Higher secondary school, Eraiyur Village.

## Career

He joined the Meteorological Department of India in 1980. He worked as a forecaster in the Northern Hemisphere Analysis centre in New Delhi and at Aviation Meteorological Office of Chennai Airport. He was actively involved during the installation of Automatic Message Switching System in 1995 and was promoted to Director in the 2002. He joined the Area Cyclone Warning Centre at the Regional Meteorological centre at Chennai. He is a recipient of the "For the sake of Honour Award" from Rotary International in 2006. He represented India in 1998 in Japan regarding preparation of inventory for greenhouse gases. He represented the country regarding Synergised Standard Operating Procedures for coastal hazards in Bangkok during May 2013.

## Retirement

Ramanan retired from Regional Meteorological centre on 31 March 2016.

## Sources

* NIQR
# Gœrsdorf

Gœrsdorf (French pronunciation: ; German: Görsdorf) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The commune merged with Mitschdorf at the start of 1973.
Gœrsdorf is part of the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park.

## Notable people

Author and priest Joseph Kuntz was born at Gœrsdorf on 25 July 1850: he died on 7 January 1892. Between those dates he founded the journal "l'Elsässer" with his sponsor, Abbot Muller-Simonis. (The German language name of the journal recalls the fact that between 1871 and 1918 Alsace was part of Germany).
# Abhinav Farmers Club

Abhinav Farmers Club is a national award-winning group farming initiative located in Mulshi taluka, of Pune district of Maharashtra a state in India. The club started with 850 farmers in Maharashtra cultivating about 143 hectares of land. It was conceptualised by NABARD, in April 2012, the club had 4,600 members belonging to the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. The club was set up in 2004. It received a national award for its activities in 2008. The Club was started by Dnyaneshwar Bodke, who is its chief volunteer. The club grows flowers and organic vegetables in polyhouses, it sells its produce to retail outlets in Mumbai and New Delhi.
During Covid-19 pandemic in India they used extensively the Locacart app for seamless delivery of vegetables and fruits thorough e-commerce, developed by IIT Mumbai.
It is assisting over 150 households in the city of Pune to grow their own vegetables on vegetable patches in balconies and terraces of flats and in pots.
# Jaimi Tabb

Jaimi Tabb (born 9 February 2001) is an Australian rules footballer who played for Adelaide in the AFL Women's (AFLW).

## AFLW career

In August 2020, Tabb was delisted by Adelaide.
# Livinallongo del Col di Lana

Livinallongo del Col di Lana (pronounced; Ladin: Fodóm; German: Buchenstein) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of Venice and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Belluno.
Ninety percent of the population speak Ladin as their native language.

## Twin towns

Livinallongo del Col di Lana is twinned with:
* Gubbio, Italy, since 2014
# Xingbin District

Xingbin District (simplified Chinese: 兴宾区; traditional Chinese: 興賓區; pinyin: Xīngbīn Qū; Zhuang: Hinghbinh Gih) is the only district of the city of Laibin, Guangxi, China.

## Administrative divisions

Xingbin District is divided into 4 subdistricts, 16 towns, and 4 townships:
* Chengdong Subdistrict (城东街道)
* Chengbei Subdistrict (城北街道)
* Hexi Subdistrict (河西街道)
* Laihua Subdistrict (来华街道)
* Fenghuang Town (凤凰镇)
* Liangjiang Town (良江镇)
* Xiaopingyang Town (小平阳镇)
* Qianjiang Town (迁江镇)
* Shiling Town (石陵镇)
* Pingyang Town (平阳镇)
* Mengcun Town (蒙村镇)
* Dawan Town (大湾镇)
* Qiaogong Town (桥巩镇)
* Sishan Town (寺山镇)
* Chengxiang Town (城厢镇)
* Sanwu Town (三五镇)
* Taodeng Town (陶邓镇)
* Shiya Town (石牙镇)
* Wushan Town (五山镇)
* Liangtang Town (良塘镇)
* Qidong Township (七洞乡)
* Nansi Township (南泗乡)
* Gao'an Township (高安乡)
* Zhenglong Township (正龙乡)

## Transportation

Laibin railway station on the Hunan–Guangxi railway and Laibin North railway station on the Liuzhou–Nanning intercity railway are both situated here.
# Hoàng Hoa Thám

Hoàng Hoa Thám (1858 – 1913) also known as Commander Thám (Vietnamese: Ông Đề-Thám), was a Vietnamese feudal lord of Yên Thế, the leader of the Yên Thế Insurrection that held out against French protectorate in Tonkin for 30 years.

## Biography

Born Đoàn Văn Nghĩa (段文義）in Tiên Lữ, Hưng Yên, Hoàng Hoa Thám (黃花探) was the better known adopted name whilst his nom-de-guerre was Đề Thám (提探). "Đề" is the shortened form of "Đề đốc" (提督), denoting the rank of a commander, an appellation adopted by Hoàng Hoa Thám as he was never commissioned by the Nguyễn court.
Hoàng Hoa Thám's parents had both died after joining a resistance group in the mountains rallying against the Court of Huế. Seeking anonymity, his paternal uncle fled to the Yên Thế area, changing the family name from Trương to Hoàng.
As the Protectorate consolidated control in Tonkin, French troops under Joseph Gallieni swept thru Yên Thế in 1890-91, routing most of the resistance fighters. Gallieni's campaign however was halted when Đề Thám attacked the railway, seizing trains, supplies and even capturing a local official for ransom. Against Gallieni's wishes, the French authorities agreed to make peace, granting Đề Thám a regional fiefdom. This made him the rallying cry for other anti-French movements. Subsequent military campaigns chipped away at the fiefdom but Đề Thám's exploits and fame proved to be a thorn in the flank of the Protectorate well into the early decades of the 20th century.

## Death

Đề Thám's was assassinated in Thái Nguyên by one of his men, Lương Tam Kỳ, on 10 February (or March 18) 1913.
Thám's killer was a former commander in the Black Flag Army who had become an agent for the colonial French in Tonkin.

## Legacy

Hoàng Hoa Thám is respected as a national hero in Vietnam. Many buildings and streets are named after him, but also Operation Hoàng Hoa Thám during the Vietnam War.

## Family

* 3 spouses:
** Nguyễn Thị Tảo (The First wife, mother of Cả Trọng)
** Nguyễn Thị Quyên (The Second wife)
** Đặng Thị Nho (Mrs Cẩn the Third, Vietnamese: bà Ba Cẩn, mother of Hoàng Thị Thế and Hoàng Văn Vi)
* 4 sons:
** Hoàng Đức Trọng (Cả Trọng),
** Hoàng Văn Rinh (Cả Rinh, adopted son)
** Hoàng Văn Huỳnh (Cả Huỳnh, adopted son)
** Hoàng Văn Vi (Hoàng Bùi Phồn)
* 1 daughter:
** Hoàng Thị Thế (Marie Beatrice Destham)
# Ovčjak

Ovčjak (pronounced; German: Schäflein) is a remote abandoned settlement in the Municipality of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its territory is now part of the village of Rožič Vrh.

## History

Ovčjak was a Gottschee German village that was settled in the 17th century. Before the Second World War it had 10 houses. The area was burned by Italian troops during the Rog Offensive in the summer of 1942. The former village is registered as a cultural heritage site.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Ovčjak include:
* Michael Ruppe (1863–1951), sculptor and painter
# Lachnocnema kiellandi

Lachnocnema kiellandi is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Tanzania. The habitat consists of forests.
# Sudhakar Ram

Sudhakar Ram (8 September 1960 – 8 November 2020), was the Group CEO and Managing Director of Mastek, a software company. He was awarded CNBC Asia's ‘India Business Leader of the Year’ in 2007. He is the lead contributor to the blog - The New Constructs. Sudhakar Ram recently published "The Connected Age", a book based on the world's dystopian environment.

## Early life and education

Sudhakar Ram was born on 8 September 1960 in Chennai. His early childhood and schooling was in Delhi and Kolkata. When he was eight, his family moved to Chennai. Sudhakar Ram graduated in Commerce from Loyola College, Chennai and completed his MBA from IIM Calcutta. He was the silver medalist at IIM-C. At IIM-C, he developed a keen interest in computers.

## Career

Prior to joining Mastek, he served as the Chief Information Officer of Rediffusion Dentsu Young & Rubicam. Sudhakar Ram, along with three graduates from Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM-A), Ashank Desai, Ketan Mehta and R. Sundar, started Mastek in May 1982.

## Personal life

Sudhakar met his wife Girija while pursuing his MBA at IIM Calcutta. He has a daughter named Samvitha.

## Awards and recognition

* 2007: CNBC Asia's India Business Leader of the year.
# Batavia Road (boat)

Batavia Road was a passenger boat used from 1946 for commercial tourist operation in the Houtman Abrolhos, a group of islands off the coast of Western Australia.

## History

The 37grt ketch-rigged wooden motor boat Batavia Road was launched and completed in December 1946 by H Willmott & Co in Fremantle, Western Australia, from whom it had been ordered by the Australian Army during World War II. The boat had a registered length of 60.6 ft (18.5 m), length overall of 66.0 ft (20.1 m), beam of 18.5 ft (5.6 m) and depth of 10.5 ft (3.2 m). The boat was powered by a Gray marine diesel of 225 bhp, giving a speed of 8 knots. It was registered at Fremantle in 1947 with official number 140199.
In order to promote tourism to the Houtman Abrolhos, the Western Australia State Government obtained the boat from the Australian Army for purchase by Archdale "Dal" Gaze and Alan Fox. Batavia Road made its first sailing from Geraldton on Christmas Day 1946 and until 1948, together with their another boat, Suda Bay, Gaze and Fox transported tourists to and from the Houtman Abrolhos, especially Pelsaert Island. This was the first known commercial tourist operation in the Houtman Abrolhos. After the partnership split in 1948, Gaze continued using Batavia Road for tourism, as well as transporting stores and their catch for lobster fishermen based on the islands. On 13 June 1948 a cyclone struck the Houtman Abrolhos and the Batavia Road was blown ashore at Wreck Point, near the Half Moon Reef and was nearly sunk. Tourists assisted the crew in salving the boat and fabricating a replacement rudder and, after help from fishermen, they were able to make the passage back to Geraldton. Repairs were extensive and the boat returned to service in August 1948.
Gaze eventually wound up his tourist operation in 1951.
Later, Batavia Road passed to other owners, and foundered on rocks 20 miles (32 km) north of Geraldton on 25 January 1974.
An anchorage at Pelsaert Island is named Batavia Road.
# Charles Henry Coe

Charles Henry Coe (February 3, 1856 – March 23, 1954) was a newspaperman, photographer, government official, and author in the United States. He wrote about the Seminoles, the New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, and other aspects of Florida history.

## Biography

He was born in Torrington, Connecticut to William Henry Coe (1824–1879) and Deborah Little Archer Coe (1824–1912). His father ran a newspaper and founded Glencoe, Florida.
He established The Florida Star in 1877 and The Highlands Star in 1890. He worked for the Government Printing Office and was an amateur archaeologist. He took tintype photographs.
In his book Red Patriots he quoted Joshua R. Giddings who wrote Exiles of Florida and cited Helen Hunt Jackson's A Century of Dishonor. He dedicated the book to Women's National Indian Association General Secretary Amelia S. Quinton.
He wrote magazine articles on natural history and archaeology, often exploring from his boat "The Buccaneer." The 5-ton boat was a former U.S. Navy cabin cruiser. He married and had a son Mayne Reid Coe (1888-1980).

## Books

* Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898)
* Word of Lincoln
* Juggling a Rope (1927)
* The Art of Knife Throwing (1931)
* Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission (1941)
* Life and Adventures of Capt. Mayne Reid, co-author
# Sar Kam

Sar Kam (Persian: سركام, also Romanized as Sar Kām) is a village in Farim Rural District, Dodangeh District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 142, in 41 families.
# Norbert Felix Gaughan

Norbert Felix Gaughan (May 30, 1921 – October 1, 1999) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Greensburg in Pennsylvania from 1975 to 1984 and as bishop of the Diocese of Gary in Indiana from 1984 to 1996.

## Biography

Gaughan was born on May 30, 1921, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was ordained a priest on November 4, 1945, for the Diocese of Greensburg.

### Auxiliary Bishop of Greensburg

On April 2, 1975, Gaughan was named titular bishop of Taraqua and auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Greensburg by Pope Paul VI. He was consecrated by Bishop William G. Connare; Bishop Cyril Vogel and Auxiliary Bishop John McDowell were the principal co-consecrators.

### Bishop of Gary

On July 24, 1984 John Paul II named Gaughan as the second bishop of the Diocese of Gary. In February 1992, Gaughan suffered a debilitating stroke. Because of his health situation, Paul II appointed Bishop Dale Melczek on August 19, 1992, to be the apostolic administrator sede plena of the diocese. On October 28, 1995, Paul II appointed Bishop Melczek to be the coadjutor bishop of the Gary diocese. This meant that upon Gaughan's retirement, Melczek would succeed him immediately as bishop.

### Retirement and legacy

On June 1, 1996. Paul II accepted Gaughan's resignation as bishop of the Diocese of Gary. Gaughan spent his final years at Saint Anthony Home in Crown Point, Indiana. Norbert Gaughan died on October 1, 1999, in Crown Point. He was buried in the Saint Emma Convent cemetery in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, after a funeral mass in Gary.
# Kamarsheh Seyyedi Dallah

Kamarsheh Seyyedi Dallah (Persian: کمرشه سیدیدالله, also Romanized as Kamarsheh Seyyedī Dāllah) is a village in Shalal and Dasht-e Gol Rural District, in the Central District of Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 50, in 7 families.
# Hierotheus II of Alexandria

Hierotheus II (Greek: Ιερόθεος Β΄) served as Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria between 1847 and 1858. He was born in Sifnos.
# Peitav Synagogue

The Peitav Synagogue (Latvian: Peitavas ielas sinagoga) or Peitav-Shul (Yiddish: פאייטאוו שול) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 6/8 Pietavas Street, Vecrīga, in Riga, Latvia.
Designed by Wilhelm Neumann in the Art Nouveau and Egyptian Revival styles, the synagogue was completed in 1905. It was devastated by Nazis and was partially destroyed on 4 July 1941. Used for profane purposes during World War II and damaged by bombings in 1995 and 1998, the synagogue was restored and reopened in 2009. It is a center of the Latvian Jewish community and recognized by the Latvian government as an architectural monument of national significance.

## History

The synagogue was built 1903-1905, designed by architect Wilhelm Neumann in an Art Nouveau style with Egyptian Revival elements. When Riga's synagogues were burned in 1941 by the Nazis and their Latvian collaborators, the Peitav Synagogue was the only one to survive because of its location in the Old Town, adjacent to other buildings. Subsequently, during World War II, the synagogue was used as a warehouse.
Under Soviet rule, the synagogue was one of the relatively few allowed to remain open in the Soviet Union. After Latvian independence was restored in 1991, the synagogue was damaged by bombings in 1995 and 1998.
A restoration of the synagogue, partly funded by the European Union and by the Latvian government, was completed in 2009. The dedication ceremony was attended by Latvia's president Valdis Zatlers and prime minister Valdis Dombrovskis as well as by Israeli Diaspora Affairs Minister Yuli-Yoel Edelstein.
# The Year of the Locust

The Year of the Locust is the second novel by former journalist and screenwriter, Terry Hayes following his 2013 award-winning I Am Pilgrim. It was published on 9 November 2023.

## Synopsis

Ridley Kane (aka Ridley Walker) is a Denied Access Area spy for the CIA. He is sent into difficult areas to do what is required, and get out again - by whatever means necessary. He is sent to the borders of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan to exfiltrate a valuable source. His mission is to find and extract an informant who can reveal the location of a new terrorist group, led by a mysterious figure known as the Emir. There he meets 'The Locust', a man with equally impressive skills who is the main antagonist of the novel.

## Reception
### Critical response

Laura Wilson in The Guardian said "The Year of the Locust starts promisingly with vivid descriptions, some terrific action sequences and lashings of suspense, there is plenty to entertain and distract you while you drum your fingers. But around three-quarters of the way through and with no prior warning, the plot takes a sideways leap and lands in an entirely different genre, which may leave you not so much intrigued as utterly bewildered."
James Owen in The Times was also positive on the start: "within a few pages you are reminded how capably Hayes, the screenwriter of films such as Mad Max 2, sketches the canvas of remote Kiplingesque locales through which Walker and his ponies trot in the dark" and is more forgiving of the major plot twist: "my view is that Hayes has just built up enough credit... to carry us through".
Sue Turnbull in The Sydney Morning Herald calls The Year of the Locust 'the most monumental spy thriller of the new millennium. As in this description of Jim, the head of analysis in the CIA war room, “a hard-driving forty-year-old with a face so rugged it looked like a long stretch of torn-up road”. Hard men, resilient women and lots of pain. The Year of the Locust is not for the faint-hearted. Enjoy: I did'.
# 2nd Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade

2nd Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade (Polish: 2 Brygada Kawalerii Narodowej Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego) was one of the Lithuanian national cavalry brigades.
# Veneto Classic

The Veneto Classic is a one-day road cycling race held annually since 2021 in Veneto, Italy. Since 2023, it has been on the UCI ProSeries calendar, having previously been on the UCI Europe Tour calendar as a 1.1 rated event.

## Winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 2021 | Italy | Samuele Battistella | Astana–Premier Tech |
| 2022 | Switzerland | Marc Hirschi | UAE Team Emirates |
| 2023 | Italy | Davide Formolo | UAE Team Emirates |
| 2024 | Denmark | Magnus Cort | Uno-X Mobility |