OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Suraj Mal of Nurpur

Suraj Mal (r. 1613–1618) was a Rajput ruler of Nurpur, Himachal Pradesh in India. During a campaign to Kangra Fort, he rebelled against the Mughals, then he went into exile and died at Chamba. His brother, Raja Jagat Singh, succeeded him as ruler of Nurpur.
# What Is an Author?

"What Is an Author?" (French: Qu'est-ce qu'un auteur?) is one of the most important lectures given at the Société Française de Philosophie on 22 February 1969 by French philosopher, sociologist and historian Michel Foucault.
   The Author is a certain functional principle by which, in our culture, one limits, excludes and chooses: ... The author is therefore the ideological figure by which one marks the manner in which we fear the proliferation of meaning.
For many, Foucault's lecture responds to Roland Barthes' essay "The Death of the Author".
# Al-Damgh

Al-Damgh (Arabic: الدامغ) is a sub-district located in al-Sayyani District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Al-Damgh had a population of 16437 according to the 2004 census.
# Dedovsk

Dedovsk (Russian: Де́довск) is a town in Istrinsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 38 kilometers (24 mi) west of Moscow and 30 kilometers (19 mi) southeast of Istra, the administrative center of the district. Population: 29,108 (2010 Census); 27,662 (2002 Census); 30,740 (1989 Soviet census). It was previously known as Dedovo/Dedovsky (until 1940).

## History

It was first mentioned in 1573 (451 years ago) (1573) as the village of Dedovo (Де́дово), which would turn into a bigger settlement in the 18th century. In 1913, a textile factory was built in the area, which would give birth to the settlement of Dedovsky (Де́довский) and absorb the village of Dedovo. In 1940, the settlement was granted town status and given its present name.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with two rural localities, incorporated within Istrinsky District as the Town of Dedovsk. As a municipal division, the Town of Dedovsk is incorporated within Istrinsky Municipal District as Dedovsk Urban Settlement.

## Notable people

* Roman Madyanov (1962) — Russian actor
* Roman Shirokov (1981) — Russian professional football player
* Sergei Vyshedkevich (1975) — Russian professional ice hockey player
* Valeriy Iordan (1992) — Russian athlete
# The Brahmin and the Butterfly

The Brahmin and the Butterfly (French: La Chrysalide et le Papillon d'or, literally "The Chrysalis and the Golden Butterfly") is a 1901 French silent fantasy trick film, directed by Georges Méliès.

## Synopsis

A Brahmin, playing the flute in a rainforest, lures a large caterpillar toward him. The caterpillar is placed in a cocoon, from which it emerges as a woman-butterfly. Infatuated, the Brahmin tries to capture her with a blanket; when she reappears from inside the blanket, she has turned into a princess. When the Brahmin attempts to kiss her, the princess transforms him into the caterpillar.

## Production and themes

The Brahmin and the Butterfly was inspired by Buatier de Kolta's 1885 magic act Le Cocon, ou Le Ver à Soie. In the act, de Kolta drew a silkworm on paper; the paper broke to reveal a cocoon, which opened to reveal de Kolta's wife dressed as a butterfly. Méliès's film maintains the links to the myth of Pygmalion and Galatea, a theme beloved of stage magicians, but gives it a new comic twist. The ending of the film makes it unusual among Méliès's oeuvre: where usually his male characters lead the action and his female characters are reduced to supporting roles, here the butterfly-princess seizes control of the story and wins out over Méliès's own character.
Méliès appears in the film as the Brahmin. The effects for the film were created using stage machinery and substitution splices.

## Release and reception

The Brahmin and the Butterfly was released by Méliès's Star Film Company and is listed as numbers 332–333 in its catalogues. Like many of Méliès's films, it was sold both in black-and-white and in a version hand-colored by the studio of Elisabeth Thuillier. The film survives only in black-and-white; in 1979, the film scholar Jacques Malthête recreated the hand-colored version using historically authentic technology, applying eight color tones to a black-and-white print.
The film was screened in 2000 at the Pordenone Silent Film Festival in Italy. The film scholar Paolo Cherchi Usai contributed a one-sentence program note: "The most beautiful love story of early cinema!"
# Rowing in India

India's history in rowing dates back to the British era. The first club, the Calcutta Rowing Club was founded in 1858. The Rowing Federation of India administers the sport in the country. India's first ever Asian Games gold medal was won by Bajrang Lal Takhar in 2010 but the country has never won an Olympic medal in the sport. Three Indian rowers have qualified for the 2012 London Olympics.

## Total medals won by Indian Rowers in Major tournaments

| Competition | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| Asian Games | 2 | 7 | 19 | 28 |
| Total | 2 | 7 | 19 | 28 |
* updated till 2023

### List of National Sports award recipients in Rowing, showing the year, award, and gender

| Year | Recipient | Award | Gender |
| 1983 | Parvin K. Uberoy | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 1984 | Mohd. Amin Naik | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 1991 | Dalvir Singh | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 1994 | R. S. Bhanwala | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 1996 | Surender Singh Waldia | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 1999 | Jagjit Singh | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 2000 | Surender Singh Kanwasi $^+$ | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 2001 | Kasam Khan | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 2002 | Inderpal Singh | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 2004 | Jenil Krishnan | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 2007 | Bajrang Lal Takhar | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 2009 | Satish Joshi | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 2014 | Saji Thomas | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 2015 | Sawarn Singh | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 2020 | Dattu Baban Bhokanal | Arjuna Award | Male |
| 2003 | Smita Shirole Yadav | Dhyan Chand Award | Female |
| 2016 | Rajendra Pralhad Shelke | Dhyan Chand Award | Male |
| 2020 | Manjeet Singh | Dhyan Chand Award | Male |
| 2014 | Jose Jacob $^+$ | Dronacharya Award | Male |
| 2005 | Ismail Baig | Dronacharya Award | Male |
Key :
* + Indicates a Lifetime contribution honour
# Black Dossier (film)

Black Dossier (French: Le Dossier noir, Italian: Fascicolo nero) is a 1955 French-Italian crime drama film directed by André Cayatte and starring Jean-Marc Bory, Danièle Delorme and Lea Padovani. It was shot at the Boulogne Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jacques Colombier. It was entered into the 1955 Cannes Film Festival.

## Plot

Jacques Arnaud arrives in a small town somewhere in the province. Soon a citizen reports to him that strangers have broken into his house where they stole a mysterious "black dossier". This file had been given to him by a recently deceased citizen named Le Guen. The content of this file included information on the town's foremost businessman who behind his proper façade seems to be a ruthless fraudster. Arnaud has the corpse of Le Guen exhumed and proof is found that this man has died of poisoning.

## Cast

* Jean-Marc Bory as Judge Jacques Arnaud
* Danièle Delorme as Yvonne Dutoit
* Bernard Blier as Commissaire Noblet
* Lea Padovani as Françoise Le Guen
* Antoine Balpêtré as Dutoit
* Paul Frankeur as Charles Broussard
* Nelly Borgeaud as Danièle Limousin
* Noël Roquevert as Commissaire Franconi
* Daniel Cauchy as Jo
* Giani Esposito as Jean de Montesson
* Jacques Duby as Flavier
* Henri Crémieux as Le procureur Limousin
* Christian Fourcade as Alain Le Guen
* André Valmy as Inspecteur Carlier
* Gabrielle Fontan as Mme. Micoulin - la logeuse
* Nadine Basile as Suzanne Broussard
* Enrico Glori as Vaillant
* Gabriel Gobin as Le brigadier
* Charles Lemontier as Un journaliste
* Liliane Maigné as Florence
* Héléna Manson as Madame Limousin
* Madeleine Suffel as La voisine
* Monette Dinay as Thérèse
* Yvette Etiévant as Madame Piriou
* Guy Decomble as L'inspecteur Leroy
* Maria Zanoli as Marthe
* Lucien Nat as Docteur Dessouche
* Lucien Raimbourg as Titiche
* Sylvie as Madame Baju
* Edmond Ardisson as Le restaurateur
* Jean-Pierre Grenier as Gilbert Le Guen
* Madeleine Barbulée as Mademoiselle Limousin
# Rustai-ye Shahid Saidi

Rustai-ye Shahid Saidi (Persian: روستاي شهيد سعيدي, also Romanized as Rūstāī-ye Shahīd Sa‘īdī; also known as Shahīd Sa‘īdī) is a village in Maskun Rural District, Jebalbarez District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 287, in 62 families.
# Nerkattumseval

Nerkattumseval ( also Nelkattanseval, called Nellitangaville by the British ) is traditionally recognized as one of the 72 palaiyams of Madura, already in existence in the days of Nagama Nayaka and his son Visvanatha Nayaka. It falls under the Sankarankovil taluk in Tenkasi District of Tamil Nadu.

## Palayam location

This Maravar palaiyam was located in the Sankarankovil taluk, in the former Tirunelveli province of the Nayak kingdom of Madurai

## Museum

Nerkattumseval has a Memorial Palace for Puli Thevar erected by the Tamil Nadu Government.
* Temples:
Shri Ullamudayar Sastha Temple, Sappani Muthu Temple, Amman temple, Sri vellapandian Temple, Karuppa Swami Temple, Mottaimalai Murugan Temple and Vinayagar Temple,swami ramapandian temple.

## Nearby Palayams

* Kollamkondan
* Sivagiri
* Rajapalayam

## Notable People

* Puli Thevar
# Bab Iskender

The Bab Iskender (Arabic: باب اسكندر Iskander's Strait, also variously known as the Eastern strait, the small strait, the narrow pass or the small pass, is the eastern section of the Bab-el-Mandeb straits, which separates Ras Menheli, Yemen, on the Arabian Peninsula from Ras Siyyan, Djibouti, on the Horn of Africa. The strait is 2 miles (3.2 km) wide and 16 fathoms (29 m) deep. The Yemeni island of Perim divides the strait into two channels, Bab Iskender and Dact-el-Mayun respectively.
The western section of the straits, Dact-el-Mayun, (also known as the Western strait, the large strait, the large pass or the wide pass) has a width of about 16 miles (26 km) and a depth of 170 fathoms (310 m). The straits are about 20 miles (32 km) wide in total.
Near the African coast lies a group of smaller islands known as the Seven Brothers.
# Voerendaal

Voerendaal (Dutch pronunciation: ; Limburgish: Voelender) is a municipality and a town in the southeastern Netherlands.

## Population centres

* Barrier
* Colmont
* Craubeek
* Dolberg
* Fromberg
* Heek
* Hellebeuk
* Klimmen
* Koulen
* Kunrade
* Mingersberg
* Opscheumer
* Overheek
* Ransdaal
* Retersbeek
* Termaar
* Termoors
* Ubachsberg
* Voerendaal
* Weustenrade
* Winthagen
Dutch topographic map of the municipality of Voerendaal, June 2015

## History

The Romans left the ruins from a Roman villa rustica as a legacy. In 1049 pope Leo IX initiated the Catholic Church - Sint Laurentiuskerk. During medieval times many castles were built: Cortenbach, Haeren, Puth, Rivieren and Terworm. Also castles such as Hoenshuis and Overst Voerendaal. The area was mined for marl (mergel in Dutch) and coal.

## Transportation

Railway Station:Klimmen-Ransdaal, Voerendaal

## Notable people

* Roel Brouwers (born 1981) a Dutch former footballer with 289 club caps, lived in Voerendaal while playing for Borussia Monchengladbach

## Gallery

* Church: Sint Laurentiuskerk
* Monument near church
* Cortenbach Castle
* Rivieren Castle - Voerendaal
# Jongno-dong

Jongno-dong (Korean: 종로동) is a dong (neighbourhood) of Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea.
# Tübän Orı

Tübän Orı (Tatar: Түбән Оры, romanized: Tübän Orı) is a rural locality (a selo) in Arça District, Tatarstan. The population was 291 as of 2010. Tübän Orı is located 46 km from Arça, district's administrative centre, and 95 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road. The village already existed during the period of the Qazan Khanate. There are 6 streets in the village.
# Darfur (disambiguation)

Darfur is a region of western Sudan, administratively divided into five federal states: Central Darfur, East Darfur, North Darfur, South Darfur and West Darfur. It may also refer to:
* Sultanate of Darfur, historical state
* War in Darfur, a conflict in Darfur
** Darfur genocide, a systematic killing of ethnic Darfuri people as part of the conflict
* Darfur (film), a 2009 film directed by Uwe Boll
* Darfur, Minnesota, a city in the United States
# Danaë (Tintoretto)

Danaë is an oil painting by the Italian artist Tintoretto, from c. 1570. It was acquired by the Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon in 1811 where it still hangs.

## Description

The canvas depicts a scene from the legend of Zeus and Danaë. According to the legend King Acrisius of Argos was warned by an oracle that he would be killed by his own grandson. To frustrate the prediction he locked up his beautiful only daughter Danaë in a specially constructed bronze chamber. However, Zeus, king of the gods, desired her so much that he managed to enter the chamber as a shower of golden rain and impregnated her. A child was born which she named Perseus, who would later, with the help of his father and other gods, kill the Gorgon Medusa. Later the oracle's prophecy came true when Perseus accidentally killed his grandfather during a throwing event at the Larissa athletic games.
The scene portrays Danaë instructing her maidservant to collect golden leaves from her nether regions, whose very presence there suggested that Zeus' tactic had been successful.
# Ebenezer Hagan

Ebenezer Benyarko Hagan (born 1 October 1975 in Kumasi) is a former Ghanaian international footballer who last played for Sekondi Hasaacas F.C. in the Ghana Premier League.

## Career

He played eight years in Greece for Kalamata F.C., Iraklis Saloniki and PAOK FC and played 235 games and scored 31 goals. After 8 years in Greece he moved to APOEL in Nicosia, Cyprus, where he played for six months, appearing in 10 games and scoring 1 goal. On 1 September 2006 he moved to Sekondi Hasaacas F.C. in Ghana, where he ended his career in 2007.

## International

He was a member of the Ghana national football team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. He played 4 games and scored 1 goal.
# Hobs Moat

Hobs Moat is a ruined 12th-century castle located to the west of Hobs Moat Road and north of Castle Lane in Olton in Solihull, England. The site is designated a scheduled ancient monument, however, only the earthworks remain above the ground level.

## Etymology

The prevailing theory is that the name 'Hobs Moat' is a corruption of 'Odingsells' Moat', so called because the founders of the castle were the de Odingsells, anciently written as 'Hoginsells', family.
Other suggestions have been put forward, such as that after the ruin of the castle, the site was a location for the practice of pannage – where pigs ('hogs' corrupted to 'hobs') could be sent to eat acorns. Another, more fanciful theory, suggests that prior to the construction of the castle, the site was locally believed to be home to Hobs – creatures of English folklore derived from the Cofgodas or "cove-gods" of Anglo-Saxon paganism.

## History

The castle is believed to have been constructed as the fortified manor house of Ulverli (today in Solihull) by the de Ogdinsells family. The family were believed to be of Flemish origin, with their heir marrying the grand daughter and heir of Ralph de Limesy, thereby inheriting the Lordship of the Manor of Ulverli.
It is not exactly clear when the castle fell into ruin, but it is believed to have happened in the 14th century. Antiquary Sir William Dugdale would visit the site in 1656, finding only "a large Moat" and was informed by the locals that the castle there had long since been removed. Following the subinfeudation of the manor of Ulverli into the manor of Solihull, the Odingsells had built a new purpose built manor house closer to the new Solihull town centre, called Silhill Hall, at some point in the 13th century.

## Structure

The site has been subject to numerous archaeological inspections, which have uncovered evidence for a collapsed sandstone wall, and suggested a late-13th-century date for its construction – pottery has been found at the site further affirming this date. The remains of the wall had been overlain by the base of a later structure.
Excavation, geophysical and field survey were carried out at Hob's moat between 1985 and 1986 and found a number of medieval buildings. In addition a late medieval/early post medieval shed-like structure was found indicative that the site had at one time been used for agriculture after the castle was ruined, however a later survey carried out in October 1997 by RCHME concluded that it was probably a hunting lodge.
The castle would have stood on the remaining large rectangular earthwork platform, which is encased by a rampart, a wide ditch and a counterscarp bank. The moat was spring-fed, with the northern boundary of the moat on a spring line.
Immediately alongside the north side of Hob's Moat are the earthwork remains of a hollow way which is medieval in origin and is thought to have run westwards to connect Hob's Moat with Castle Lane.
# The Black Mikado

The Black Mikado is a musical comedy, based on Gilbert and Sullivan's The Mikado, adapted by Janos Bajtala, George Larnyoh and Eddie Quansah from W. S. Gilbert's original 1885 libretto and Arthur Sullivan's score. The show premiered on 24 April 1975 at the Cambridge Theatre in London, where it ran for 472 performances before going on a national tour. A 1976 production was mounted in Soweto, South Africa, where it played at the Diepkloof Hall. After this, the musical was not revived.

## Production details

The plot of The Black Mikado does not stray far from the Gilbert and Sullivan original, except that in the musical the action is set on a Caribbean island rather than in Japan. Sullivan's original score is rearranged into a mixture of rock, reggae, blues and calypso. The West End production was directed by Braham Murray with a nearly all black cast, the exception being veteran actor Michael Denison's Pooh-Bah, who was white and dressed in a white tropical suit and pith helmet. Theatre writer John Bush Jones says that the white Pooh-Bah was portrayed "as a lone scheming westerner, 'condescending' to serve an emerging black nationalist country for his own grafting purposes." The rest of the cast were dressed in what were basically African and Caribbean costumes, "some of which were made to look pseudo-Japanese", and the sets were Japanese. Pooh-Bah is an uptight English colonial official who is contrasted with the sexy, exuberant Caribbean islanders. The Three Little Maids from School arrive dressed in uniforms from their proper English school, including evening gloves and straw boaters. As they sing of their freedom from the ladies seminary, they strip off their modest clothing until they are shown in their native dress.
The cast included Patti Boulaye (under the name Patricia Ebigwei) as Yum-Yum, Floella Benjamin as Pitti-Sing, Michael Denison as Pooh-Bah, Norman Beaton as Nanki-Poo, Derek Griffiths as Ko-Ko, Jenny McGusty as Peep-Bo, Vernon Nesbeth as Pish-Tush, Val Pringle as The Mikado and Anita Tucker as Katisha. Terry Lane wrote, "Norman Beaton was a very handsome young Nanki-Poo and Patricia Ebigwei was a heart-stoppingly beautiful Yum-Yum. The sexual tensions that are implicit in the plot were exploited to the full.... Patricia Ebigwei's version of 'The Sun Whose Rays' [is] the performance against which all others must now be judged ... a slow, erotic, languid ballad of vanity and sexual self-satisfaction that makes the conventional renditions seem prissy".

## Musical numbers

The numbers listed in the 1975 recording were as follows. The show had additional musical numbers.
* 1. If you want to know who we are
* 2. A wand'ring minstrel I
* 3. Behold the Lord High Executioner
* 4. Three little maids from school
* 5. So please you Sir we much regret
* 6. The sun whose rays
* 7. Mi-ya-sa-ma mi-ya-sa-ma
* 8. A more humane Mikado
* 9. The criminal cried
* 10. The flowers that bloom
* 11. Tit willow
* 12. Alone and yet alive
# La Médettaz railway station

La Médettaz railway station (French: Gare de La Médettaz) is a railway station in the municipality of Salvan, in the Swiss canton of Valais. It is an intermediate stop and a request stop on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Martigny–Châtelard line of Transports de Martigny et Régions.

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at La Médettaz:
* Regio Mont-Blanc Express: hourly service between Martigny and Vallorcine.
# Podbara

Podbara (Serbian: Подбара) is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia.

## Borders

The southern borders of Podbara are Ulica Miloša Bajića (Miloš Bajić Street), Trg Republike (Square of the Republic), Daničićeva ulica (Daničić Street), Ulica Zlatne grede (Zlatna Greda Street), Pašićeva ulica (Pašić Street), Ulica Matice srpske (Matica Srpska Street), Sterijina ulica (Sterija Street), and Ulica Hadžić Svetića (Hadžić Svetić Street), the western border is Temerinska ulica (Temerin Street), the northern border is Danube-Tisa-Danube channel, and the eastern border is Danube river.

## Neighbouring city quarters

The neighbouring city quarters are: Stari Grad in the south, and Salajka in the west.

## Features

The industrial zone known as the Radna Zona Sever 3 is located in the north of Podbara. Almaška Church, an Orthodox church built in 1797 is situated in Podbara.

## Gallery

* Podbara, Almaški Kraj
* Podbara, Kosovska Street
* Adventist gymnasium "Živorad Janković"
* Traffic school "Pinki"
* Elementary school "Ivan Gundulić"
* "Tempo" supermarket
# Principal Monuments of France

Principal Monuments of France (French: Principaux Monuments de la France) is a series of four paintings created by the French artist Hubert Robert in 1786. They depict the ruins of several Roman structures in Provence.

## Series

The paintings were made using oil on canvas. The subjects are ancient Roman ruins in Provence in southern France. The structures depicted are the interior of the Temple of Diana in Nîmes, the Triumphal Arch and Roman Theatre in Orange (combined in an imaginary perspective), the Maison Carrée, amphitheater and Tour Magne in Nîmes (also from an imaginary perspective), and the Pont du Gard over the Gardon river.
* Interior of the Temple of Diana in Nîmes (Intérieur du Temple de Diane à Nîmes), 242 × 242 cm
* The Arc de Triomphe and the Theater in Orange (L'Arc de triomphe et le Théâtre d'Orange), 242 × 242 cm
* The Maison Carrée, the Amphitheater, and the Tour Magne in Nîmes (La Maison Carrée, les Arènes et la Tour Magne à Nîmes), 243 × 244 cm
* The Pont du Gard (Le Pont du Gard), 242 × 242 cm

## Background

Hubert Robert (1733–1808) belonged to a trend of 18th-century veduta painters specialized on ancient ruins, established in France through Giovanni Paolo Panini and Claude Joseph Vernet. This trend was greatly supported by the development of archeology, which increased the interest in ancient buildings. Robert had traveled in Italy in 1754–1765 and painted many Roman ruins on location. After returning to France he continued to paint ancient ruins as well as idealized versions of French landscapes.

## History

The Principal Monuments of France was made in 1786 to decorate a room at the Palace of Fontainebleau, although the paintings were never installed at this location. In 1787 they were reproduced as engravings. The four paintings were also exhibited at the Salon in 1787. They were bought by the Bâtiments du Roi, but for unknown reasons two of them, The Arc and The Maison Carrée, were returned to the painter. On 13 July 1821 they were bequeathed by Robert's widow to the Louvre. All four paintings are now found in the Department of Paintings in the Louvre.
In 1789, Robert painted The Ruins of Nîmes, Orange and Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, which depicts all ruins seen in the Principal Monuments series.