# 1826–27 United States Senate elections

The 1826–27 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1826 and 1827, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
The majority Jacksonians gained a seat in the United States Senate. Senators who called themselves "Anti-Jacksonian" or "National Republicans" were also called "Adams" or "Adams Men."

## Results summary

Senate party division, 20th Congress (1827–1829)
* Majority party: Jacksonian (27)
* Minority party: Anti-Jacksonian (20–21)
* Other parties: (0)
* Total seats: 48

## Change in composition
### Before the elections

At the beginning of 1826.
| | | | | | | A$_1$ | A$_2$ | A$_3$ | A$_4$ |
| A$_{14}$ Ind. Ran | A$_{13}$ | A$_{12}$ | A$_{11}$ | A$_{10}$ | A$_9$ | A$_8$ | A$_7$ | A$_6$ | A$_5$ |
| A$_{15}$ Mass. Ran | A$_{16}$ Ohio Ran | A$_{17}$ R.I. Ran | A$_{18}$ Vt. Ran | A$_{19}$ Del. Unknown | A$_{20}$ Maine Unknown | A$_{21}$ N.J. Died | V$_1$ | J$_{26}$ Pa. Retired | J$_{25}$ Conn. Unknown |
| J$_{25}$ Conn. Unknown |||||||||
| J$_{15}$ | J$_{16}$ | J$_{17}$ | J$_{18}$ | J$_{19}$ Md. Ran | J$_{20}$ Miss. Ran | J$_{21}$ Mo. Ran | J$_{22}$ N.Y. Ran | J$_{23}$ Tenn. Ran | J$_{24}$ Va. Ran |
| J$_{14}$ | J$_{13}$ | J$_{12}$ | J$_{11}$ | J$_{10}$ | J$_9$ | J$_8$ | J$_7$ | J$_6$ | J$_5$ |
| | | | | | | J$_1$ | J$_2$ | J$_3$ | J$_4$ |

### Result of the regular elections

| | | | | | | A$_1$ | A$_2$ | A$_3$ | A$_4$ |
| A$_{14}$ Ind. Re-elected | A$_{13}$ | A$_{12}$ | A$_{11}$ | A$_{10}$ | A$_9$ | A$_8$ | A$_7$ | A$_6$ | A$_5$ |
| A$_{15}$ Ohio Re-elected | A$_{16}$ R.I. Re-elected | A$_{17}$ Vt. Re-elected | A$_{18}$ N.J. Hold | A$_{19}$ Conn. Gain | V$_2$ Mass. A Loss | V$_1$ | J$_{27}$ Maine Gain | J$_{26}$ Del. Gain | J$_{25}$ Va. Hold |
| J$_{25}$ Va. Hold |||||||||
| J$_{15}$ | J$_{16}$ | J$_{17}$ | J$_{18}$ | J$_{19}$ Md. Re-elected | J$_{20}$ Mo. Re-elected | J$_{21}$ N.Y. Re-elected | J$_{22}$ Tenn. Re-elected | J$_{23}$ Miss. Hold | J$_{24}$ Pa. Hold |
| J$_{14}$ | J$_{13}$ | J$_{12}$ | J$_{11}$ | J$_{10}$ | J$_9$ | J$_8$ | J$_7$ | J$_6$ | J$_5$ |
| | | | | | | J$_1$ | J$_2$ | J$_3$ | J$_4$ |

### Result of the special elections

Before the March 4, 1827, beginning of the new Congress.
| | | | | | | A$_1$ | A$_2$ | A$_3$ | A$_4$ |
| A$_{14}$ | A$_{13}$ | A$_{12}$ | A$_{11}$ | A$_{10}$ | A$_9$ | A$_8$ | A$_7$ | A$_6$ | A$_5$ |
| A$_{15}$ | A$_{16}$ | A$_{17}$ Md. Gain | A$_{18}$ N.J. Hold, same as regular | A$_{19}$ N.Y. Gain | A$_{20}$ Mass. 2 Hold | V$_1$ | J$_{27}$ Del. (sp) Gain | J$_{26}$ Miss. (sp) Elected | J$_{25}$ Ala. (sp) Hold |
| J$_{25}$ Ala. (sp) Hold |||||||||
| J$_{15}$ | J$_{16}$ | J$_{17}$ | J$_{18}$ | J$_{19}$ | J$_{20}$ | J$_{21}$ | J$_{22}$ | J$_{23}$ | J$_{24}$ S.C. Hold |
| J$_{14}$ | J$_{13}$ | J$_{12}$ | J$_{11}$ | J$_{10}$ | J$_9$ | J$_8$ | J$_7$ | J$_6$ | J$_5$ |
| | | | | | | J$_1$ | J$_2$ | J$_3$ | J$_4$ |
| Key: | A$_#$ = Anti-Jacksonian J$_#$ = Jacksonian V$_#$ = Vacant |

## Race summaries
### Special elections during the 19th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1826 or before March 4, 1827; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| New York (Class 3) | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Seat vacant after an 1824 legislative deadlock. New senator elected January 14, 1826. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Nathan Sanford (Anti-Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Maryland (Class 3) | Edward Lloyd | Jacksonian | 1819 1825 | Incumbent resigned January 14, 1826. New senator elected January 24, 1826. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Ezekiel F. Chambers (Anti-Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Mississippi (Class 1) | Powhatan Ellis | Jacksonian | 1825 (appointed) | Interim appointee lost election January 28, 1826. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Thomas Reed (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Massachusetts (Class 2) | James Lloyd | Anti-Jacksonian | 1808 (special) 1808 1813 (resigned) 1822 (special) 1822 | Incumbent resigned May 23, 1826. New senator elected May 31, 1826. Anti-Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Nathaniel Silsbee (Anti-Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| New Jersey (Class 1) | Joseph McIlvaine | Anti-Jacksonian | 1823 (special) | Incumbent died August 19, 1826 New senator elected November 10, 1826. Anti-Jacksonian hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below. | ▌Y Ephraim Bateman (Anti-Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Alabama (Class 3) | Israel Pickens | Jacksonian | 1826 (appointed) | Interim appointee not elected to finish the term. New senator elected November 27, 1826. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y John McKinley (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| South Carolina (Class 3) | William Harper | Jacksonian | 1826 (appointed) | Interim appointee not elected to finish the term. New senator elected November 29, 1826. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y William Smith (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Delaware (Class 2) | Daniel Rodney | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 (appointed) | Interim appointee not elected to finish the term. New senator elected January 12, 1827. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Henry M. Ridgely (Jacksonian) [data missing] |

### Races leading to the 20th Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1827; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Connecticut | Henry W. Edwards | Jacksonian | 1823 (appointed) 1824 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Samuel A. Foote (Anti-Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Delaware | Thomas Clayton | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Louis McLane (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Indiana | James Noble | Anti-Jacksonian | 1816 1821 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y James Noble (Anti-Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Maine | John Holmes | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 1821 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Albion K. Parris (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Maryland | Samuel Smith | Jacksonian | 1802 1809 1815 (lost) 1822 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Samuel Smith (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Massachusetts | Elijah H. Mills | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 (special) 1820 | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature elected late. Anti-Jacksonian loss. | [data missing] |
| Mississippi | Thomas Reed | Jacksonian | 1826 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1826 or 1827. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Powhatan Ellis (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Missouri | Thomas H. Benton | Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Thomas H. Benton (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| New Jersey | Joseph McIlvaine | Anti-Jacksonian | 1823 (special) | Incumbent died August 19, 1826. New senator elected November 10, 1826. Anti-Jacksonian hold. Winner was also elected to finish the preceding term; see above. | ▌Y Ephraim Bateman (Anti-Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| New York | Martin Van Buren | Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent re-elected February 6, 1827. | ▌Y Martin Van Buren (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Ohio | Benjamin Ruggles | Anti-Jacksonian | 1815 1821 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Benjamin Ruggles (Anti-Jacksonian) Unopposed |
| Pennsylvania | William Findlay | Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Isaac D. Barnard (Jacksonian) 81.20% ▌Samuel D. Ingham (Jacksonian) 8.27% ▌Joseph Hemphill (Jacksonian) 3.76% ▌James Buchanan (Jacksonian) 2.26% ▌Thomas Sergeant (Jacksonian) 0.75% Not voting 3.76% |
| Rhode Island | Asher Robbins | Anti-Jacksonian | 1825 (special) | Incumbent re-elected November 2, 1826. | ▌Y Asher Robbins (Anti-Jacksonian) unanimously |
| Tennessee | John Eaton | Jacksonian | 1818 (appointed) 1819 (special) 1821 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y John Eaton (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Vermont | Horatio Seymour | Anti-Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌Y Horatio Seymour (Anti-Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Virginia | John Randolph | Jacksonian | 1825 (Appointed) | Appointee lost election. New senator elected. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y John Tyler (Jacksonian) [data missing] |

### Elections during the 20th Congress

In this election, the winner was seated in 1827 after the new Congress began on March 4.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Massachusetts (Class 1) | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant due to late election. New senator elected June 8, 1827. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Daniel Webster (Anti-Jacksonian) 202 Others 126 |

## Delaware

Delaware had two elections: A special for the class 2 seat and a regular election for the class 1 seat. The elections flipped both seats from Anti-Jacksonian to Jacksonian.

### Delaware (special)

Anti-Jacksonian senator Nicholas Van Dyke died May 21, 1826, and Anti-Jacksonian Daniel Rodney was appointed to continue the class 2 term (ending March 3, 1829) until a special election.
Jacksonian Henry M. Ridgely was elected January 12, 1827.

### Delaware (regular)

Anti-Jacksonian Thomas Clayton had served since winning an 1824 special election. It is unknown if Clayton was a candidate for re-election in 1827, but that election was won by Jacksonian Louis McLane.

## Maryland
### Maryland (special)

Ezekiel F. Chambers won election over Philip Reed by a margin of 18.07%, or 15 votes, for the Class 3 seat.

### Maryland (regular)

Samuel Smith won election by a margin of 87.95%, or 73 votes, for the Class 1 seat.

## Mississippi

Jacksonian interim appointee Powhatan Ellis had served in the class 1 seat since 1825 for the term ending March 3, 1827.
He faced a special election to finish the term and a regular election to the next term.

### Mississippi (special)

Jacksonian Thomas Buck Reed was elected January 27, 1826, to finish the term, but not to the next full term.

### Mississippi (regular)

Jacksonian interim appointee Powhatan Ellis was elected sometime (date unknown) to the next term, and would go on to serve until 1832.