OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sergio Fubini

Sergio Fubini (31 December 1928 – 6 January 2005) was an Italian theoretical physicist. He was one of the pioneers of string theory. He was engaged in peace activism in the Middle East.

## Biography

Fubini was born in Turin. In 1938, he fled the country as a politically persecuted Jew to Switzerland. In 1945, he attended the Lycée in Turin, where he studied physics and in 1950 graduated "cum laude." Afterwards, he was an assistant in Turin. From 1954 to 1957, he was in the USA. From 1958 to 1967, he was at CERN in Geneva. In 1959, he became a professor of nuclear physics at University of Padua. In 1961, he became a professor of theoretical physics at University of Turin. From 1968 to 1973, he was at MIT, but taught summer courses in Turin. He went back to CERN in 1973 and was from 1971 to 1980 a member of the advisory board and had an important role in planning the Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) as well as in discussions for the construction of the Middle East's Synchrotron, SESAME.
At MIT, he was with Gabriele Veneziano, Emilio Del Giudice and Paolo Di Vecchia at the centre of an active school of theoretical physicists with close connections to Italy (with one of the Italian INFN and MIT financed "Bruno Rossi" exchange programs). He and his co-workers did fundamental work in string theory. Other well-known MIT colleagues at that time were Victor Weisskopf (who was recruited by Fubini to MIT), Steven Weinberg and Roman Jackiw. From 1994 to 2001, he was a professor in Turin. Fubini worked in the 1960s on current algebras and S-matrix theory (Regge trajectories among other things), in particular on their field-theoretical foundations. In the 1970s, he was with his MIT colleagues and pupils Gabriele Veneziano, Emilio Del Giudice and Paolo Di Vecchia one of the pioneers of string theory (the team introduced the so-called DDF states). He worked in the 1970s on other classical solutions of Yang–Mills equations and conformally invariant quantum field theory.
Fubini died in 2005 in Nyon. He married Marina Colombo in 1956 and had a daughter with her.

## Honors

Fubini received the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics in 1968 and received an honorary doctorate from the University of Heidelberg.
# Lotfaliabad

Lotfaliabad (Persian: لطفعلی‌آباد, also Romanized as Loţf‘alīābād) is a village in Karipey Rural District, Lalehabad District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 48, in 14 families.
# Natima Union

Natima Union (Bengali: নাটিমা ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Maheshpur Upazila, in Jhenaidah District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 23.30 square kilometres (9.00 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 20,069. There are 18 villages and 12 mouzas in the union.
# Santalaris

Santalaris (Greek: Σανταλάρης, Turkish: Sandallar) is a small village located in the Famagusta District of Cyprus, north of Famagusta. The Turkish Cypriot inhabitants of the village were killed by EOKA-B during Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre. Santalaris is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus.
The village was recorded as early as the early 13th century in papal documents.
# Rex Ziak

Rex Ziak (pronounced "zeek") is an American writer, historian, tour guide, and documentarian, who lives in Naselle, Washington, United States. Known for his Lewis and Clark studies, he is the author of In Full View. After careful study of the expedition's journals and of the geography of the Columbia River estuary, Ziak discovered the previously unknown fact that from November 7, 1805, to December 6, the Lewis and Clark expedition stayed in what is now Pacific County, along the Long Beach Peninsula. This finding took six years for Ziak to piece together, using the comments in the expedition's journals to find the locations the explorers stopped at on their trip. A controversy arose between Oregon, long considered the end of the expedition, and Washington's historians over Ziak's findings, with many historians in Washington and elsewhere supporting his discovery and many in Oregon opposing it. In 1999, soon after his announcement, Ziak and David Nicandri, director of the Washington State Historical Society, began petitioning to give the newly found ending location, a camping spot called Station Camp, National Landmark Status. In addition, that year, US Representative Brian Baird had an amendment passed that changed the "federal designation of the Lewis and CLark National Historic Trail as ending not in Oregon but in Oregon and Washington."
In 2004, Ziak testified before Congress in support of the Lewis and Clark National Historical Park. The next year he published a fold-out map and guide to the route taken by the expedition.
As a documentarian and cinematographer, his work under assignment from ABC Television received an Emmy in 1993 for cinematography in the documentary Tall Ship: High Sea Adventure. He was also involved in the filming of the 2003 Discovery Channel documentary, Marine Corps Survival School, where Ziak had to film at "high altitudes and in low temperatures" in the Sierra Nevada. As a local activist and regional historian, he has served as a consultant to the City of Long Beach and as a board member of the Pacific County Friends of Lewis and Clark. Ziak has also run unsuccessfully for local political office.
# Selma Dabbagh

Selma Dabbagh (Arabic: سلمى الدباغ) (born 1970) is a British-Palestinian writer and lawyer. Her 2011 debut novel, Out of It, inspired by the 2008 Gaza Air Strikes, was nominated for a Guardian Book of the Year award in 2011 and 2012. Her shorter writings have been published by outlets including International PEN, Granta, The Guardian, London Review of Books and GQ magazine.

## Early life and education

Born in Dundee, Scotland, Dabbagh is the daughter of a Palestinian father from Jaffa and an English mother. She lived variously in Dundee, Reading, High Wycombe and Jeddah during her early childhood, before moving to Kuwait when she was eight years old.
Dabbagh graduated from Durham University with a Bachelor of Arts degree and later earned an LL.M. from SOAS University of London. She holds a Ph.D. in Creative Writing from Goldsmiths, University of London. Before concentrating on writing, she worked as a human rights lawyer in the West Bank; however, she was not able to stay in the occupied territory and moved to Cairo, where she worked at AMIDEAST. She later moved to Bahrain, where she wrote her first novel.

## Inspiration

Dabbagh is strongly influenced by Palestine, the greater Palestinian diaspora, and her legal work in human rights and international criminal law. Following the COVID-19 lock-down in London, she described her motivations as "love and resistance."

## Works

Since 2004, she has written short stories that have appeared in New Writing 15 and Qissat: Short Stories by Palestinian Women. She has been a nominee for the Pushcart Prize and twice been a finalist in the Fish Short Story Prize, for "Beirut-Paris-Beirut" (2005) and for "Aubergine" (2004).
Dabbagh's debut novel Out of It was published in 2011, receiving positive coverage in a wide range of publications and outlets, including Kirkus Reviews, ArabLit, Guernica, and The Independent, with Ahdaf Soueif praising the book as "a new and welcome take on the Palestinian story".
In 2014, Dabbagh's radio play The Brick was broadcast by BBC Radio 4, being nominated for an Imison Award.
She edited the anthology We Wrote in Symbols: Love and Lust by Arab Women Writers, published by Saqi in 2021.
# Simeria

Simeria (Romanian pronunciation:; German: Fischdorf; Hungarian: Piski) is a town in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania, and an important railway junction with a hump yard. Six villages are administered by the town: Bârcea Mare (Nagybarcsa), Cărpiniș (Gyertyános), Simeria Veche (Ópiski), Sântandrei (Szentandrás), Șăulești (Sárfalva), and Uroi (Arany).
The town lies on the banks of the Mureș River, near where the Strei River discharges into it. It is located in the central part of Hunedoara County, between the Apuseni Mountains to the north and the Retezat Mountains to the south.

## Natives

* Ilona Dajbukát (1892–1976), Hungarian actress
* Rudolf Eisenmenger (1902–1994), Austrian artist
* Ferenc Feketehalmy-Czeydner (1890–1946), Hungarian military officer
* Sigismund Toduță (1908–1991), Romanian composer, musicologist, and academic
# Nunatta Qitornai

Nunatta Qitornai (Danish: Vort lands efterkommere, English: Descendants of Our Land) is a separatist political party in Greenland advocating independence. It was founded in September 2017 by former Minister of Business, Labour, Trade and Foreign Affairs Vittus Qujaukitsoq, who had previously been in Siumut and who was subsequently elected in the 2018 Greenlandic parliamentary elections. In the 2021 elections the party lost its seat.

## Background

In April 2017, Vittus Qujaukitsoq was relieved from the Foreign Affairs portfolio in the Greenlandic government by Premier Kim Kielsen. This was due to harsh criticism of the Danish handling and filed formal complaint to United Nations with demands of the environmental clean-up of former U.S. military installations across Greenland. He stepped down as Minister of Industry, Trade, Labour and Energy in May 2017. He subsequently challenged Kielsen for the chairmanship at Siumut's party conference in July 2017, and left the party after he lost the vote 19–48.
Vittus Qujaukitsoq advocates a speedy transition to Greenlandic independence, whereas Kim Kielsen and the majority in Siumut are in favour of a gradualist approach.
The party stood in the 2018 parliamentary elections, with former Prime Minister Aleqa Hammond as one of its candidates; however, only chairman Vittus Qujaukitsoq was elected.
In the 2021 election, the party lost its only seat.

## Policies

Apart from the speedy establishment of a Greenlandic state, the party advocates decentralization of the administration and the establishment of 17 municipalities based on the current population distribution.

## Name

Nunavta Qitornai (pre-1973 spelling) was the name of a patriotic and educational youth organisation founded in 1941 by the politician and poet Augo Lynge, who was a prominent advocate for close cooperation between Greenland and Denmark and the incorporation of Greenland into the Danish state; his grandchild has criticized the use of the name for a separatist party as disrespectful to the memory of Augo Lynge.

## Election results
### Parliament of Greenland

| Election | Votes | % | Seats | ± |
| 2018 | 1,002 | 3.4 (#7) | 1 / 31 | New |
| 2021 | 639 | 2.4 (#6) | 0 / 31 | 1 |

### Parliament of Denmark

| Election | Votes | % | Seats | ± |
| 2019 | 1622 | 8.11 (#4) | 0 / 2 | New |
| 2022 | did not contest | did not contest | 0 / 2 | 0 |
# Maykovo, Kursk Oblast

Maykovo (Russian: Майково) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Polevskoy Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 44 (2010 Census); 53 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Seym River (a left tributary of the Desna), 101 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 22 km south-east of the district center – the town Kursk, 2.5 km from the selsoviet center – Polevaya.

### Climate

Maykovo has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Maykovo is located 6.5 km from the federal route P-298 (Kursk – Voronezh – P-22 "Kaspy" Highway; a part of the European route E38), on the road of regional importance 38K-014 (R-298 – Polevaya), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-301 (38K-014 – Khvostovo), 3 km from the nearest railway station Polevaya (railway line Klyukva — Belgorod).
The rural locality is situated 21 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 109 km from Belgorod International Airport and 188 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Yevgeny Fyodorov (scientist)

Yevgeny Konstantinovich Fyodorov (Russian: Евгений Константинович Фёдоров; 10 April [O.S. 28 March], 1910 – 30 December 1981) was a Soviet geophysicist, statesman, public figure, academician (1960), and Hero of the Soviet Union (1938).

## Biography

Yevgeny Fyodorov graduated from Leningrad State University in 1932. In 1932–1938, he was a research associate on several polar stations, including the first drifting ice station North Pole-1 (1937-1938). In 1938–1939, Yevgeny Fyodorov headed the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. In 1938 he joined the All-Union Communist Party (b).
In 1939-1947 and 1962–1974, he was in charge of the Soviet Weather Service (Гидрометеослужба СССР). In 1947–1955, Yevgeny Fyodorov was employed at the Geophysics Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. He was the one to establish and then head the Applied Geophysics Institute of the Soviet Weather Service.
Yevgeny Fyodorov authored numerous works dedicated to his research on the Arctic geophysical fields, water balance of clouds, artificial influence on meteorological processes, study of highest atmospheric layers with the use of satellites, pollution etc. Yevgeny Fyodorov was awarded the USSR State Prize (1946, 1969), five Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, six other orders, and several medals.
Fyodorov was the second chairman of the Soviet Peace Committee, in the years 1979–1981.
# Shyamol Chhaya

Shyamol Chhaya (Bengali: শ্যামল ছায়া; English: The Green Shade) is a 2004 Bangladeshi Bengali-language film. It was written and directed by Humayun Ahmed. Stars Humayun Faridi, Challenger, Riaz, Monir Khan Shimul, Ahmed Rubel, Tania Ahmed, Meher Afroz Shaon, Dr.Ezazul Islam, Faruque Ahmed, Shadhin Khosru, Shamima Nazneen, Hosne Ara Putul, Rahmat Ali and many more. It reflects a story of the Bangladesh War of Independence, 1971.
Shyamol Chhaya was Bangladesh's submission to the 78th Academy Awards in the 'Foreign Language Film' category. It was not nominated.
This is the story of a group of people leaving their homes to escape the tyrannical Pakistani military during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation war. The story focuses on the diverse group of characters as they make their way by boat, with the shadow of war constantly present in the background. As the journey progresses alongside the war, we see the character development of the passengers, as the war and their journey pushes them to their most extreme selves.

## Cast

* Humayun Faridi as the Commander of the Freedom Fighters
* Challenger
* Riaz as Maulana
* Monir Khan Shimul as a Bengali-German engineer
* Tania Ahmed as Ratri
* Meher Afroz Shaon as Ashalata
* Ahmed Rubel as Pitamber
* Dr.Ezazul Islam as a boatman addressed as Ustad by Kallu
* Faruque Ahmed as Kallu, Ustad's sidekick and assistant boatman
* Shadhin Khosru as Gaurango, Ashalata's husband
* Shamima Nazneen
* Hosne Ara Putul as Putul
* Rahmat Ali
* Syed Akhtar Ali
* Jasmine Parvez
* Zahid Hossain Shovon as Ratri's Husband

## Release
### Festivals

* 6th Bangladesh Film Festival 2005. London
* 11th Kolkata Film Festival 2005. India
* International Palm Spring Film Festival 2006. USA
* The 32nd Seattle International Film Festival 2006. USA
* FIBOFEST Film Festival, Prague, 2006. Czech Republic
* East End Film Festival 2006. London
* East London Film Festival 2006. London
* South Asian Film Festival 2009. GOA, India.
* Film Festival Featuring Liberation War Kolkata 2010. India

### Critical response

Robert Koehler of Variety gave the film a negative review, calling it "symbolic to a fault", and saying Humayun Ahmed didn't have the directorial skills to enliven the story.

## Awards and achievement

The Bangladesh Federation of Film Societies (BFFS) chose Shyamol Chhaya as the Bangladeshi submission to the 78th Academy Awards in the 'Foreign Language Film' category. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences did not select it as one of the five nominees in 2006.

### 6th Bangladesh Film Festival

* Winner Best Contemporary Film - 2005. London

### Bachosach Film Awards

* Winner Best supporting Actress - Tania Ahmed

## Home media

Shyamol Chhaya film's VCD and DVD copy rights were taken by Channel i and G-Series.
# Valuyeh-ye Olya

Valuyeh-ye Olya (Persian: ولويه عليا, also Romanized as Valūyeh-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Valūyeh-ye Bālā) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, Chahardangeh District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 28 families.
# Isophrictis pallidastrigella

Isophrictis pallidastrigella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Vactor Tousey Chambers in 1874. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Texas and California.
The forewings are pale orange, but paler, nearly white along the dorsal margin, and on the extreme costa beyond the middle. There is a narrow, indistinct, whitish line along the fold, ending at a small brown spot and there is also an oblique, narrow, whitish streak along the base of the costal cilia, continuous with the white of the extreme costa, and there is a short one along the base of the dorsal cilia. A minute brownish spot is surrounded by a pale ring at the end of the disc, and an oblique brownish streak in the cilia at the apex. The brown spots are all indistinct.
# Amol Bose

Amal Bose (born Amalendu Bose (Bengali: অমল বোস); 1943 – 23 January 2012) was a Bangladeshi actor who appeared in theater, television and radio performances. He began his career in stage acting in 1963. His first film appearance was in Raja Sannasi (1966).

## Early life

Bose was born in 1943 in Boalmari, Faridpur, Bangladesh. He started acting in the early 1960s in stage, film, television and radio. He spent the majority of his career in Dhaka. He was married to Sati Bose. They have a daughter, Mandira Bose. He served as a senior officer of Jute Mills Corporation and retired in 1995.

## Career

While a student of class seven, Bose first performed in a school play, which ignited his interest in acting. Later, he joined a professional Jatra troupe, 'Milon Shangha', in Boalmari, Faridpur.

### Theater

Bose began his career in theatre in Dhaka in 1963 as a theatre director and performer. The then Finance Minister of East Pakistan gave him a gold medal for his performance in a play. Plays directed by Bose were popular at home and abroad. Over 25,000 people saw the London productions of Siraj-ud-Daulah and Roopban, both Rangdhonu Natya Goshthi productions directed by Bose.

### Film

Bose's first film role was in Raja Sanyashi in 1966. He has appeared in over 400 movies. He directed the film Keno Emon Hoy in the early 1960s. He appeared in the movies Abichar, Neel Akasher Nichey, Sonali Akash, Mohua, Phulshojja, Rangin Gunai Bibi, Chandra Dwiper Rajkonya, Rajlokkhi Srikanto, Hothat Brishti, Ami Shei Meye, Tomakey Chai, and Mon Maney Na. He won a National Film Awards (Bangladesh) for his work in the movie Aajker Protibad.

### TV

Bose acted in a number of TV plays on the Bangladesh Television network starting in 1964. His regular skit "Nana-Nati" in the TV show Ittyadi was popular. He appeared in many TV dramas over his 38-year career.

## Notable films

* Raja Sannasi
* Neel Akasher Neechey
* Mohua
* Sonali Akash
* Chondon Diper Rajkonna
* Gunai Bibi
* Rajlokkhi Srikanto
* Abisar
* Ajker Protibad
* Ami Sei Meye
* Ajante
* Mon Mane Na
* Kajer Meye
* Ami Tomari
* Tumi Shudhu Tumi
* Sontan Jokhon Shotru
* Biyer Phool
* Tomar Jonno Pagol
* Milon Hobe Kotodine
* Khepa Basu
* Mon
* Bhalobasha Kare Koy
* Hothath Bristi
* Shoshurbari Zindabad
* Mayer Somman
* Wrong Number
* Akkel Alir Nirbachon (2008)
* Kusum Kusum Prem

## Awards

Bose won the National Film Awards for best co-artist' in the film Ajker Protibad, directed by Chashi Nazrul Islam.

## Death

Bose died of a heart attack at the age of 69 on 23 January 2012 in Apollo Hospitals, Dhaka.
# COU

COU is an acronym with several meanings:
* Columbia Regional Airport
* Comité Olímpico Uruguayo, the Uruguayan Olympic Committee
* Context of Use, with respect to biomarker-based evidence assessed at the US FDA
* Council of Ontario Universities
* Unidad de Valor Real, a reference currency of Columbia, by ISO 4217 currency code
* Curso de Orientación Universitaria, a sidancro former Spanish Pre-University academic course.
# Bousbach

Bousbach (French pronunciation:; German: Buschbach) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

## Etymology

Bousbach has historically been attested as Buezbach in 1429 and Buschbach in 1525. Bousbach and its German counterpart are Germanic in origin, deriving from a High German dialect, ultimately from Proto-West-Germanic *busk. The Germanic hydronym *-bak(i) entered the French language via High German, and took on two forms: the Germanic form -bach and Romantic -bais.
# The Thalians

The Thalians is a charitable organization dedicated to mental health causes. It was founded by Hollywood actors in 1955, and takes its name from Thalia, Greek Muse of comedy and idyllic poetry.
Over 60 years, the Thalians held Annual Galas, honoring a Mr. or Ms. Wonderful with an award designed by Walt Disney. The coveted trophy is given to a member of the entertainment industry not only for their work on stage and screen but also for their behind-the-scenes philanthropy. A partial list of the honorees includes Frank Sinatra, Mary Martin, Lana Turner, Ed Sullivan, Shirley MacLaine, Gene Kelly, Sammy Davis Jr., Lucille Ball, Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, James Stewart, Rita Hayworth, Count Basie, Liza Minnelli, Carol Channing, Carol Burnett, Sally Field, Mary Tyler Moore, Whoopi Goldberg, Red Buttons, Clint Eastwood, Mickey Rooney, Kenny Rogers, Hugh Hefner, and Smokey Robinson.
They used to be connected with Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
The Thalians current focus is the mental health of the military men and women and their families of UCLA Operation Mend. The President Emeritus of the organization was the late Debbie Reynolds. Current President is Kira Reed Lorsch; Past President: Debbie Reynolds; Chairman: Dr. Irwin Lehrhoff; Chairwoman Emeritus: Ruta Lee; Treasurer: Andrew McDonald; Recording Secretary: Stephanie J. Hibler; Board Members: Frank Sheftel, Brian Theobald, Barbara Cohen-Wolfe & Larry Wolfe, Patrika Darbo, David Snowden, Rico E. Anderson and George Pennacchio. The Board of Governors: William & Patricia Anton, Sandy Krause, Dr. Lawrence Piro, Jackie Rosenberg.
The Thalians library of documented Thalians Galas is being preserved at the Academy Film Archive.
It is headquartered in Mission Hills, California. The Thalians now mainly supports mental health programs for wounded military men and women and their families of UCLA Operation Mend.
# Joseph-Victor Monfette

Joseph-Victor Monfette (October 13, 1841 – September 16, 1924) was a farmer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Nicolet in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec as a member of the Parti National.
He was born in Saint-Pierre-les-Becquets, Canada East, the son of Jean-Baptiste Monfet and Rosalie Gagnon. Monfette was a justice of the peace and owned a farm at Sainte-Sophie-de-Lévrard. Monfette was married twice: to Elmire Tousignant in 1866 and to Célina Legendre (née Pépin) in 1901. He was mayor of Sainte-Sophie-de-Lévrard from 1882 to 1890, from 1896 to 1901 and from 1910 to 1913. He died in Sainte-Sophie-de-Lévrard at the age of 82.