OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eduard Wölfflin

Eduard Wölfflin (1 January 1831 – 8 November 1908) was a Swiss classical philologist. He was the father of art historian Heinrich Wölfflin.

## Biography

Eduard Wölfflin was born in Basel on 1 January 1831. From 1848 to 1854, he studied at the Universities of Basel and Göttingen, where he was a pupil of Karl Friedrich Hermann. Following graduation, he worked as an assistant librarian at the University of Basel (1854–61).
Wölfflin spent the next decade as schoolteacher in Winterthur (1861–71), and in the meantime became an associate professor in Latin philology (1869). In 1871, he attained a full professorship at the University of Zurich. From 1875 to 1880, Wölfflin was a professor at the University of Erlangen, and from 1880 to 1906, was a professor at the University of Munich. Wölfflin was a member of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art.

## Published works

He was a primary catalyst in the establishment of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, a comprehensive dictionary of the Latin language — a project that first got underway in 1894. He was also editor of the Archiv für lateinische Lexikographie und Grammatik (from 1884), a periodical that grown to 15 volumes at the time of Wölfflin's death in 1908. Other significant writings by Wölfflin include:
* De Lucii Ampelii libro Memoriali quaestiones criticae et historicae (dissertation). Göttingen 1854.
* Caecilii de Balbi nugis philosophorum quae sunt super, Basel 1855.
* Polyaeni libri octo strategicon, Leipzig 1860.
* Livianische Kritik und Livianischer Sprachgebrauch, Berlin 1864 – Critical examination of Livy.
* Publii Syri sententiae. Leipzig 1869
* Antiochos von Syrakus und Coelius Antipater, 1872 – Antiochus of Syracuse and Lucius Coelius Antipater.
* Lateinische und romanische Comparation, 1878 – Latin and Roman comparation.
* Zur Composition der Historien des Tacitus, 1901 – Composition on the histories of Tacitus.
# Larkeh

Larkeh (Persian: لاركه, also Romanized as Lārkeh) is a village in Sepiddasht Rural District, Papi District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 285, in 43 families.
# Rudi Schmid

Rudi Schmid (2 May 1922 – 20 October 2007) was a Swiss-born American medical researcher specializing in hepatology. Among his contributions to biomedical science, Schmid led a team to discover heme oxygenase.
Schmid was born on 2 May 1922 to physician parents. He was born and raised in Glarus, which inspired his interest in mountain climbing. Schmid became a skilled alpinist and skier. Schmid was a member of the Swiss national ski team from 1941 to 1945, and led the Academic Alpine Club while studying at the University of Zurich. In 1946, while still at university, Schmid became one of the first climbers to ascend Mont Blanc via its west face.
He graduated from medical school in 1947, and the next year helped organize an expedition to the Cordillera Blanca range in Peru for members of the Swiss Academic Club Alpine. While recovering from injuries during his time in Peru, Schmid met Salvatore Lucia, who suggested to Schmid that he apply to the University of California, San Francisco, where Lucia taught. After completing the UCSF medical internship program, Schmid began his residency and doctoral study at the University of Minnesota Medical School under Cecil Watson and Samuel Schwartz. While pursuing advanced medical studies, Schmid married Sonja Wild in Sacramento, and naturalized as an American citizen in 1954, upon completing his degree.
Schmid was a postdoctoral researcher at Columbia University, then worked for the National Institutes of Health before joining the Thorndike Memorial Laboratory, a division of the Harvard Medical Unit at Boston City Hospital. He began teaching at the University of Chicago in 1962. Four years later, Schmid joined the UCSF faculty. He was dean of the UCSF School of Medicine from 1983 to 1989.
Over the course of his career, Schmid was granted membership into the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, and the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He was later honored with the establishment of the Rudi Schmid Distinguished Professorship in Neurology at UCSF.
Schmid died of pulmonary failure on 20 October 2007, at home in Kentfield, California, aged 85.
# Mehraban, Lorestan

Mehraban (Persian: مهربان, also Romanized as Mehrabān) is a village in Chamsangar Rural District, Papi District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 36, in 6 families.
# Iota Andromedae

Iota Andromedae is a single star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It has the Flamsteed designation 17 Andromedae, while Iota Andromedae is the Bayer designation as Latinized from ι Andromedae. This object is visible to the naked eye at night as a faint, blue-white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.29. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located approximately 500 light years distant from the Sun.
This object is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B8 V. It is among the least variable stars observed during the Hipparcos mission. The star is 116 million years old with 3.1 times the mass of the Sun and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 70 km/s. It is radiating 638 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 12,620 K. The star is somewhat metal-poor, although the abundance of helium is close to solar. The latter excludes it from membership among the class of peculiar stars. Iota Andromedae is a debris disk candidate, showing an infrared excess at a wavelength of 18 μm.

## Name

In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, this star was designated Keff al-Salsalat (كف المسلسلة - kaf al-musalsala), which was translated into Latin as Manus Catenata, meaning palm of chained woman.
In Chinese, 螣蛇 (Téng Shé), meaning Flying Serpent, refers to an asterism consisting of ι Andromedae, α Lacertae, 4 Lacertae, π$^2$ Cygni, π$^1$ Cygni, HD 206267, ε Cephei, β Lacertae, σ Cassiopeiae, ρ Cassiopeiae, τ Cassiopeiae, AR Cassiopeiae, 9 Lacertae, 3 Andromedae, 7 Andromedae, 8 Andromedae, λ Andromedae, κ Andromedae and ψ Andromedae. Consequently, the Chinese name for ι Andromedae itself is 螣蛇二十二 (Téng Shé èrshíèr, English: the Twenty Second Star of Flying Serpent).
# Gurkhaneh, Qazvin

Gurkhaneh (Persian: گورخانه, also Romanized as Gūrkhāneh, Kyurakhane, and Qūrkhāneh) is a village in Khandan Rural District, Tarom Sofla District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 9 families.
# League of the Rural People of Finland

The League of the Rural People of Finland (also known as the Finnish Agrarian Party, Finnish: Suomen Maalaisväestön Liitto) was a political party, which was established in Oulu party meeting on 18–19 September 1906. Its chairman was Otto Karhi. In the next party meeting in Seinäjoki, 26–27 October 1906, the opener, Otto Karhi emphasized that the party is for defending the rights of the rural people. He said "Entisten puolueiden" johtajat olivat "erityisesti kaupunkilaisia, saha- ja tukkuliikkeiden johtajia, virkamiehiä, tehtailijoita ja kauppiaita, joiden kanssa maalaisväestön edut olivat ristiriidassa", (The leaders of the past parties are especially urban people, directors of the saw mills and gross trade companies, civil servants, mill owners and tradesmen, who has conflict of interests with the rural people.
Later the League of the Rural People of Finland and Young Finnish Agrarian League of the Southern Ostrobothnia merged and formed a new party Agrarian League in 1908 after the general elections of 1907 before the elections of 1908
Otto Karhi became later a Social Democrat as he had borrowed money from the society as a member of it which turned out to be Social Democratic.
# Rudolf Morgenthaler

Rudolf Morgenthaler (22 March 1926 – 2014) was a Swiss long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Deli Rich-e Sofla

Deli Rich-e Sofla (Persian: دلي ريچ سفلي, also Romanized as Delī Rīch-e Soflá) is a village in Margown Rural District, Margown District, Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 302, in 51 families.
# Amarula

Amarula is a cream liqueur from South Africa. It is made with sugar, cream and the fruit of the African marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea) which is also locally called the elephant tree or the marriage tree. It has an alcohol content of 17% by volume (34 proof). It has had some success at international spirit ratings competitions, winning a gold medal at the 2009 San Francisco World Spirits Competition. It has the taste of slightly fruity caramel.

## History

Amarula was first marketed by Southern Liqueur Company of South Africa (the current trademark owners and wholly owned subsidiary of Distell Group Limited) as a liqueur in September 1989, the Amarula spirit having been launched in 1983.

## Flavors

* Amarula Cream Liqueur 17% ABV
* Amarula Ethiopian Coffee Cream Liqueur 15.5% ABV
* Raspberry, Chocolate & African Baobab Cream Liqueur 15.5% ABV (launched in 2019)
* Amarula Vanilla Spice Cream Liqueur 15.5% ABV
* Amarula Vegan Liqueur 15.5% ABV
* Khanyisa Limited Edition 15.5% ABV - Proceeds go towards rehabilitating Khanyisa, an orphaned albino baby elephant cruelly injured in a poacher's snare.

## Elephant-associated marketing

African bush elephants enjoy eating the fruit of the marula tree. Because of the marula tree's association with elephants, the distiller has made them its symbol and supports elephant conservation efforts, co-funding the Amarula Elephant Research Programme at the University of Natal, Durban. For marketing efforts, it produces elephant-themed collectible items.
The brand supports elephant research to protect elephants and conserve the population. In 2002, the Amarula Elephant Research Program (AERP) was launched under the direction of Rob Slotow, a professor at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban, South Africa. This primarily researches the way of life, the range of movement and the behavior of the African elephant with the aim of protecting the habitat of the elephants and securing their future in the wild.

## Awards

* Amarula Raspberry, Chocolate & African Baobab Cream Liqueur (Master - Liqueur Masters 2022)
* Amarula Cream Liqueur (2022 Best South African Cream - World Liqueur Awards)
* Amarula Ethiopian Coffee Cream Liqueur (Bronze Winner 2022 Best South African Cream - World Liqueur Awards)
* Amarula Vanilla Spice Cream Liqueur (Bronze Winner 2022 Best South African Cream - World Liqueur Awards)
* Amarula Vegan Liqueur (Silver Winner 2022 Best South African Cream - World Liqueur Awards)

## Distribution

Outside of South Africa, Amarula has had particular success in Brazil.
# Rübezahl (1957 film)

Rübezahl (German: Rübezahl – Herr der Berge / a.k.a. Rübezahl, der Herr der Berge) is a 1957 West German film directed by Erich Kobler. It stars Franz Essel as the title character. The film premiered on 6 October 1957 at Planie-Lichtspiele in Stuttgart.

## Plot

Rübezahl lives in the Giant Mountains (German: Riesengebirge). For 999 years he has not appeared among the people who live in a nearby valley. When one of his dwarfs tells him that the bad people are gaining the upper hand and the good people are calling him for help, he decides to go down to the valley and teach the bad people a lesson.

## Cast

* Franz Essel – Rübezahl
* Otto Mächtlinger – Glazier Steffen
* Monika Greving – Steffen's wife
* Bobby Todd – Bäuerlein Veit
* Helmut Lieber – Fischer-Paule
* Helmo Kindermann – Cousin Klaus
* Nils Clausnitzer – Farmworker
* Paul Bös – Restaurateur
* Rolf von Nauckhoff – Guest
* Dietrich Thoms – Farmer Knoll
* Georg Lehn – Robber Krips
* Franz Keck – Robber Kraps
* Elke Arendt – Waitress
* Zita Hitz – Kitchen maid Rosa
* Bettina Braun – Anne
* Claudia Bartfeld – Lene
* Toni Mang – Karli
* Fritz Wepper – uncredited
# Raspberry (disambiguation)

The raspberry is the edible fruit of several plant species.
Raspberry may also refer to:
* Bramble Raspberry or Rubus fruticosus, a species of blackberry
* Raspberry (color), a bright crimson-rose color named for the fruit
* Blowing a raspberry, making an obnoxious sound to signal disrespect
* William Raspberry (1935–2012), American journalist

## Places

* Raspberry, Arkansas, US
* Raspberry, British Columbia, Canada
* Raspberry Creek (British Columbia), Canada

## Music

* Raspberries (band), a 1970s pop-rock group
** Raspberries (album), the 1972 debut album by Raspberries
* "Raspberry", a song by Sloan from Smeared
# Lu Weizhao

Lu Weizhao (Chinese: 陆维钊) (1920 – November 1, 2015) was a Chinese diplomat. He was born in Nantong, Jiangsu. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1941. He was Ambassador of the People's Republic of China to Pakistan (1974–1979), Syria (1979–1983) and Algeria (1983–1985).
| Preceded byZhang Tong | Ambassador of China to Pakistan 1974–1979 | Succeeded byXu Yixin |
| Preceded byCao Keqiang | Ambassador of China to Syria 1979–1983 | Succeeded byLin Zhaonan |
| Preceded byXu Ming | Ambassador of China to Algeria 1983–1985 | Succeeded byJin Sen |
* This Chinese diplomat-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Tarikeh-ye Rangrazan

Tarikeh-ye Rangrazan (Persian: تاريكه رنگرزان, also Romanized as Tārīkeh-ye Rangrazān; also known as Taḩrīkeh) is a village in Itivand-e Jonubi Rural District, Kakavand District, Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 94, in 21 families.
# Remnik

Remnik (Albanian: Remnik, Serbian Cyrillic: Рибник/Ribnik) is a village in Viti municipality, Kosovo.

## Geography

The village is situated in the foothills Karadak mountains.
# Dhi Al-Hawd and Ma'yin

Dhi Al-Hawd and Ma'yin (Arabic: ذي الحود ومعاين) is a sub-district located in Dhi al-Sufal District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Dhi Al-Hawd and Ma'yin had a population of 4974 as of 2004.
# Ramkrishnapur Union

Ramkrishnapur Union (Bengali: রামকৃষ্ণপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Daulatpur Upazila, in Kushtia District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 129.55 square kilometres (50.02 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 26,168. There are 21 villages and 8 mouzas in the union.
# Zubdat-un-Nissa Begum

Zubdat-un-Nissa Begum (Persian: زبده النساء بیگم; 2 September 1651 – 17 February 1707) was a Mughal princess, the third daughter of Emperor Aurangzeb and his wife Dilras Banu Begum.

## Life

Zubdat-un-Nissa Begum was born on 2 September 1651 in Multan. Her father was Aurangzeb, who was then a prince, and her mother was Dilras Banu Begum. A well-read woman, Zubdat-un-Nissa had in-depth knowledge of the doctrines of Islam.
Zubdat-un-Nissa married her first cousin, Prince Sipihr Shikoh on 30 January 1673, he was the third son of her paternal uncle, Crown Prince Dara Shikoh and her aunt Nadira Banu Begum. She was given a marriage portion of 400,000 rupees. A certain Hamida Banu Begam arranged the marriage feast. In 1676, Zubdat gave birth to a son, Shahzada Ali Tabar, who died within six months of his birth.
She died on 17 February 1707, less than a month before her father.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Zubdat-un-Nissa Begum :
# Seminole Wind

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Seminole Wind is the twelfth studio album by American country music artist John Anderson, released on February 11, 1992. This is also known as his comeback album. It features the singles: "Who Got Our Love", "Straight Tequila Night", "Let Go of the Stone", "When It Comes to You", and the title track, all of which (Except for "Who Got Our Love") reached the country top ten, and the second of which was his first number one country hit since "Black Sheep" in 1983. This is also Anderson's highest-certified album, having achieved 2× Platinum certification by the RIAA. This was also Anderson's first album for BNA Records.
"Steamy Windows" was originally recorded by Tina Turner in 1989, and was later recorded by Kenny Chesney on his 1997 album I Will Stand. In addition, "Seminole Wind" was recorded by James Taylor on his 2008 release Covers.

## Production

* Produced by James Stroud
* Recorded & Mixed by Lynn Peterzell, Julian King and John Kunz
* Mastered by Glenn Meadows
* Digital Editing by Milan Bogdan

## Personnel

* John Anderson – lead vocals, banjo, harmonica
* Mark Casstevens – acoustic guitar on "Straight Tequila Night"
* Buddy Emmons – steel guitar
* Sonny Garrish – steel guitar and Dobro on "Straight Tequila Night"
* Dann Huff – electric guitar
* Carl Jackson – backing vocals
* Jana King – backing vocals
* Mark Knopfler – electric guitar on "When It Comes to You"
* Gary Lunn – bass guitar on "Straight Tequila Night"
* Milton Sledge – drums
* Gary W. Smith – keyboards, piano, synthesizer
* Joe Spivey – fiddle
* James Stroud – drums on "Straight Tequila Night"
* Billy Joe Walker Jr. – acoustic guitar
* Glenn Worf – bass guitar
* Curtis Young – backing vocals
# Liu Jian (diplomat)

Liu Jian (Chinese: 刘健) (born January 1956) is a Chinese diplomat. He was born in Jiangsu. He was Ambassador of the People's Republic of China to Afghanistan (2005–2007), Malaysia (2008–2010) and Pakistan (2010–2013).
| Preceded bySun Yuxi | Ambassador of China to Afghanistan 2005–2007 | Succeeded byYang Houlan |
| Preceded byCheng Yonghua | Chinese Ambassador to Malaysia 2008–2010 | Succeeded byChai Xi |
| Preceded byLuo Zhaohui | Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan 2010–2013 | Succeeded by |
# Théo Bertholet

Théo Bertholet (14 July 1896 – 15 May 1971) was a Swiss racing cyclist. He rode in the 1925 Tour de France.
# Palang Darreh, Mazandaran

Palang Darreh (Persian: پلنگ دره) is a village in Khvosh Rud Rural District, Bandpey-ye Gharbi District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 228, in 63 families.
# El Eulma

El-Eulma (Arabic: العلمة) is a city in Algeria, located 210 miles east of the capital Algiers. It is the second-largest city in Sétif Province with a population of 305,130 (1998 census). In the French colonial period the city was known as Saint Arnaud after Marshal Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud.
# Ouyang Ziyuan

Ouyang Ziyuan (simplified Chinese: 欧阳自远; traditional Chinese: 歐陽自遠; pinyin: Ōuyáng Zìyuǎn, born October 9, 1935) is a Chinese cosmochemist, geochemist and space advocate. He is a research professor at the Institute of Geochemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Asteroid 8919 Ouyangziyuan, discovered in 1996, was named in his honor.

## Career

Ouyang was born in 1935 in Ji'an, Jiangxi. He obtained a degree in geology at the Beijing College of Geology and a doctorate in mineral deposits and geochemistry at the Beijing Institute of Geology. Thereafter, Ouyang spent many years conducting studies in deep mines. He later studied nuclear physics and worked in a particle accelerator laboratory. He later put forward a hypothesis on the formation of iron meteorites, an evolutionary model of the formation of the meteorites which fell at Jilin in 1976, and a theory of multi-stage cosmic ray radiation history. His works include Celestial Chemistry, and he has published more than 160 scientific treatises. He was elected a Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991.

## Space advocacy

As an expert in geological research on underground nuclear tests and extraterrestrial materials, Ouyang was among the first to advocate not only the exploitation of lunar reserves of metals such as iron, but also the mining of lunar helium-3, an ideal fuel for nuclear fusion power plants. Ouyang is now the chief scientist of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP), also known as the Chang'e program. He is the most prominent supporter of the Chinese crewed lunar exploration program, and also lobbies for the Chinese exploration of Mars.
On November 12, 2008, upon China's publication of a comprehensive lunar surface map, Ouyang encouraged all three Asian nations then involved in lunar exploration (China, India and Japan) to increase co-operation in furthering humanity's understanding of the Moon.
# Limont Castle

Limont Castle (French: Donjon de Limont) is a 13th-century keep (donjon) in the ancienne commune of Limont, in the municipality of Donceel, Liège Province, Wallonia, Belgium. The keep, which served as the fortified residence for Robert de Limont, the first lord of the area, included a front entry raised to the second level (see image) to provide an extra security precaution in case of attack.
Limont Castle is not directly associated with the Château de Limont, built in the 18th century roughly 850 metres (930 yd) northwest of the fortified tower, on land that was part of the estate.
# Madhabdi

Madhabdi (Bengali: মাধবদী) is a pourashava (municipal corporation) in Narsingdi District, Dhaka division, Bangladesh. It's an A grade municipality and also Madhabdi has declared as a thana on 29 February 2016. Madhabdi is a densely textile commercial and industrial area.

## History

In 1971 a column of Pakistan army with two trucks were ambushed here by Mukti Bahini.

## Demographics

Religions in Madhabdi (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 89.50% | 89.50% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 10.48% | 10.48% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.02% | 0.02% |
According to the 2022 Bangladesh census, Madhabdi city had a population of 73,910 and a literacy rate of 81.78%.$^{:388–394}$
According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Madhabdi city had 11,323 households and a population of 49,583. 10,238 (20.65%) were under 10 years of age. Madhabdi had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 65.99%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 718 females per 1000 males.
# Black-bellied firefinch

The black-bellied firefinch (Lagonosticta rara) is a common species of estrildid finch found in Africa.
It is native to the Guinean forest–savanna mosaic, the southern Sahel and northern Sudan (region). It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 2,300,000 km$^2$.
The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
# Théodore Stauffer

Théodore Stauffer (29 May 1901 – 13 October 1971) was a Swiss boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Jughband

Jughband (Persian: جوغ بند, also Romanized as Jūghband; also known as Jūghban) is a village in Holayjan Rural District, in the Central District of Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 151, in 23 families.
# Dulab Castle

Dulab Castle (Persian: قلعه دولاب) is a historical castle located in Bastak County in Hormozgan Province, The longevity of this fortress dates back to the Sasanian Empire.
# The Pit (2020 film)

The Pit (Latvian: Bedre) is a 2020 Latvian drama film directed by Dace Pūce. It was selected as the Latvian entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 94th Academy Awards.

## Plot

After she makes disparaging remarks about his father, a ten-year-old boy tricks a girl into falling into a pit.

## Cast

* Damir Onackis as Markuss
* Luize Birkenberga as Emilija
* Indra Burkovska as Sailor
* Agata Buzek as Smaida
* Egons Dombrovskis as Roberts
# Henry Knight (rugby league)

Henry Knight was a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s. He played at representative level for New Zealand, and Wellington, as a forward.

## International honours

Henry Knight won caps for New Zealand in the 1909 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, playing as a forward in the 5-10 defeat by Australia at Brisbane Exhibition Ground, Brisbane on Saturday 26 June 1909, and as a forward in the 5-25 defeat by Australia at Royal Agricultural Society Showground, Sydney on Saturday 3 July 1909.