OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Citrus Research Station

Citrus Research Station (Bengali: সাইট্রাস গবেষনা কেন্দ্র, romanized: Citrus Gobeshona Kendro) is an agricultural research station under the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). It is located in Jaintiapur, in the Sylhet District of Bangladesh.

## History

A project called the Organization of Horticulture Section was started in 1951 under the Agricultural Programme to conduct research programmes. Under this project, a substation was established in 1954 on 5.00 acres of land in Chailakhal, Tamabil. The purpose was to collect and evaluate the selection and acceptance of various fruit trees from different regions of Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) and to cultivate them at the field level. Later, as part of the programme, a fruit development station was established in 1960-61 on 21.46 hectares of land in Jaintapur. It was established to conduct research on fruits, especially the citrus.
In 1961-1965, another 26.32 hectares of land was acquired for the centre and a project of pepper farming was started from that time on. The substation of Chailakhal was shifted to Jaintapur in 1970 and was assimilated to the centre. Then in 1976, when Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute was established as an autonomous institution, the fruit development centre became a subsidiary of the institution.

## Invention

The Citrus Station has so far developed 6 fruits and 1 spice. In 2019, a new variety of Zara (one type of lemon) was invented called Bari-1 by this station. Besides, 1 Malta, and 1 Lotcon species have also been invented.
# Sanem Castle

Sanem Castle (French: Château de Sanem, Luxembourgish: Schlass Suessem), located in the village of Sanem near Esch-sur-Alzette in south-western Luxembourg has a history dating back to the 13th century. Today's building was completed in 1557 after the medieval castle had been partly destroyed. The castle still maintains much of its original character.

## History

There are historic references mentioning a castle in Sanem during the 13th century when it was closely related to the nearby Soleuvre Castle. Originally a typical medieval fortified castle complete with a moat and keep, it was seriously damaged by the French in the 1550s. In about 1567, Frédéric de Hagen-Fleckenstein reconstructed the castle, placing the new buildings around a large rectangular courtyard. The old square-shaped tower dating back to the castle's Gothic origins remained as part of the new complex. The castle is built in the Renaissance style inspired by Italian architecture from the last half of the 15th century. In the 17th century, the castle was burnt, rebuilt and occupied by the Polish troops of the imperial army.
In 1753, Arnold-François von Daun, baron de Tornaco, bought the castle and moved in with great ceremony. Victor de Tornaco who became prime minister of Luxembourg in 1860 was one of its most noteworthy occupants. The castle remained in the hands of the barons of Tornaco until 1950 when Auguste sold it to the Commune of Esch-sur-Alzette. For 50 years, it was then use as a home for children, under the name Kannerschlass. In 1965 a pavilion was constructed in the park next to the castle, which included accommodation for the director of the Kannerschlass.
In 1972, as a result of financial difficulties, it was taken over by the State of Luxembourg. In 1999, the Kannerschlass ceased to occupy the castle, and the building was refurbished.

## The castle today

The property is now an orphanage and children's home known as the Kannerschlass or children's castle. It also houses the headquarters of the Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe (CVCE) . The CVCE is a research and documentation centre which seeks to provide digital access to sources relating to the European integration process.

## Gallery

* Inside the courtyard
* The entrance
* Rear side of the courtyard
* Outer wall with old linden tree
# Hiranmoy Ghoshal

Hiranmoy Ghoshal is a Bengali writer, diplomat, translator and linguist from West Bengal, India. He was a lecturer at the University of Warsaw. Ghoshal was a multilingual person who was able to speak 26 languages. He spied for Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.

## Early life and education

He was born on 7 August 1908 in Calcutta (now Kolkata). In 1929, Ghoshal graduated from University of Calcutta with a degree in Philosophy and Romance Studies. He then went England to study law. In 1934, he moved to Poland, where he began working as a lecturer and foreign language teacher at the University of Warsaw. In 1940, he and his fiancé were able to leave Poland for India. During stay in India, he wrote and published memoirs from the September Expedition and his life in occupied Poland. He has been working in the Bombay (now Mumbai) office of the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare since 1943, where he worked on the issue of Polish refugees.

## Literary career

Ghoshal has written nine books in Bengali, two books in English, and numerous short stories, articles and reviews. He has translated many classic works of Polish literature into Bengali, including Henryk Sienkiewicz's Quo Vadis, Władysław Reymont's The Peasants and Bolesław Prus's novel.

## Personal life

He married Halina Nowierska. In 1958, a few years after the death of his first wife, he married Halina Kosinkiewicz.

## Death

He died on 24 September 1969 in Warsaw, Poland. He was buried in Powązki Cemetery. Her daughter recalls that Ghoshal "was under a lot of stress because he was pushed out of the diplomatic service, and he could not digest that insult for the rest of his life."
# Deh-e Dik

Deh-e Dik (Persian: ده ديك, also Romanized as Deh-e Dīḵ) is a village in Lalar and Katak Rural District, Chelo District, Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 199, in 36 families.
# Christoph Küffer

Christoph Küffer (born 8 April 1968) is a Swiss rower. He competed in the men's coxless pair event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Handscroll

The handscroll is a long, narrow, horizontal scroll format in East Asia used for calligraphy or paintings. A handscroll usually measures up to several meters in length and around 25–40 cm in height. Handscrolls are generally viewed starting from the right end. This kind of scroll is intended to be read or viewed flat on a table, in sections. The format thus allows for the depiction of a continuous narrative or journey.
The traditional alternative format in East Asian paintings is the vertical hanging scroll, which is rarely as long.

## History

According to the National Palace Museum in Taipei, the handscroll format originated with ancient Chinese text documents. From the Spring and Autumn period (770–481 BC) through the Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD), bamboo or wooden slips were bound together and used to write texts on. During the Eastern Han period (25–220), the use of paper and silk in the handscroll format became more common. The handscroll was one of the main formats for texts up until the Tang dynasty (618–907). From the Three Kingdoms period (220–280), the handscroll became a standard format for paintings. New styles were developed over time.
Handscrolls were introduced to Japan centuries later through the spread of Buddhism. The earliest extant Japanese handscroll was created in the eighth century and deals with the life of the Buddha. Japanese horizontal picture scrolls are called emakimono (or emaki), and more often cover narrative subjects than their Chinese equivalents.

## Description

A handscroll has a backing of protective and decorative silk (包首) usually bearing a small title label (題簽) on it. In Chinese art, the handscroll usually consists of a frontispiece (引首) at the beginning (right side), the artwork (畫心) itself in the middle, and a colophon section (拖尾) at the end for various inscriptions. The beginning of the scroll, where the frontispiece was located, is known as the "heaven" (天頭). Vertical strips (隔水) are sometimes used to separate the different sections. Most handscrolls contain only one painting, although several short paintings can also be mounted on the scroll. At the beginning of the scroll is a wooden stave (天杆), which serves as a support. A silk cord (帶子) and a fastener (別子) is attached to the stave and used to secure the rolled-up scroll. A wooden roller (木杆) is attached at the very end, around which the scroll is rolled.
# Guillaume Gamelin Gaucher

Guillaume Gamelin Gaucher (August 16, 1810 – September 16, 1885) was a Quebecois businessman and political figure. He represented Jacques-Cartier in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member.
He was born Jean-Guillaume Gaucher in Sault-Saint-Louis (later (Kahnawake) in 1810 and was educated there. He became a merchant at Sainte-Geneviève on the Island of Montreal. Gaucher served as a lieutenant-colonel in the local militia and was also a justice of the peace. He was mayor of the parish of Sainte-Geneviève in 1845 and again from 1859 to 1863 after it became a village. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Jacques-Cartier in an 1864 by-election; he was elected again after Confederation.
He died at Sainte-Geneviève in 1885.
vte1867 Canadian federal election: Jacques Cartier :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Guillaume Gamelin Gaucher | 659 |
| | Unknown | M. Brunet | 542 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 2,350 |
| Source: Canadian Parliamentary Guide, 1871 |||||||
# Russia-2

Russia-2 (Russian: Россия-2) was a Russian television channel operated by VGTRK. It primarily broadcast sport.
Between 2007 and 2009 during the daytime, it broadcast the children's channel called Bibigon.
Before January 1, 2010, it was known as Sport, but since then it was re-branded due to a broadened format.
On 1 November 2015 the channel was closed and its broadcasting frequency was taken by a new sports television channel Match TV.

## Programmes
### News and current affairs

* Bol`shoy sport (Big sport) — sports news.

### Documentaries

* Moya Planeta (My Planet) - blocks of programmes from Moya Planeta.
* Nauka 2.0 (Science 2.0) - blocks of programmes from Nauka 2.0.

### Others

* Feature films (thrillers and adventures)
* 90x60x90 (entertainment)

### Sports events broadcast by channel

* Biathlon World Cup
* FIA Formula One World Championship
* KHL
* Premier League
* Russian Premier League
* The FA Cup
* M-1 Global, UFC, Bellator MMA, ONE Championship, and other MMA Promotions
# 462nd Volksgrenadier Division

The 462nd Volksgrenadier Division (German: 462. Volksgrenadier-Division) was a Volksgrenadier division of the German Army during the Second World War, active from 1942 to 1944. It was initially known as Division Nr. 462 and subsequently became the 462nd Infantry Division before assuming its Volksgrenadier designation in late 1944.

## Operational history

The 462nd Volksgrenadier Division was originally formed in October 1942 as a replacement division in the French town of Nancy, in the French Region of Lorraine Province, under the command of Generalmajor Otto Schilling. It took responsibility for many of the units of the former 182nd Reserve Division and was expanded with various fortress and training troops stationed at Luxembourg, Saarburg and Metz. After D-Day it was designated as a Volksgrenadier division and reorganized for combat and was dispatched to the frontlines in August 1944.
At the start of November 1944, now commanded by Generalleutnant Vollrath Lübbe, the division, less the 1216th Grenadier Regiment which had been transferred to the 19th Volksgrenadier Division, was defending the town of Metz from the United States Third Army. At this stage of the war, the division numbered 7,000 personnel. It surrendered the town on 28 November, having lost two commanders during the siege; Lübbe had suffered a stroke and his replacement, Generalmajor Heinrich Kittel, was wounded in action on 22 November. Over 1,000 men evaded capture by virtue of being evacuated as wounded prior to the fall of Metz. The division was disbanded shortly afterwards.

## Commanders

* Generalmajor Otto Schilling (5 October – 4 December 1942);
* Generalleutnant Ernest Guntzel (5–17 December 1942);
* Generalleutnant Hans von Sommerfeld (17 December 1942 – 14 July 1944);
* Generalleutnant Walter Krause (15 July – 14 October 1944);
* Generalleutnant Vollrath Lübbe (15 October – 8 November 1944);
* Generalmajor Heinrich Kittel (8–22 November 1944);
* Oberst Joachim Wagner (22–28 November 1944).
# 1998 The Citadel Bulldogs football team

The 1998 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1998 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Don Powers served as head coach for the third season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 5 | at No. 3 (I-A) Florida* | Ben Hill Griffin StadiumGainesville, FL | L 10–49 | 85,061 |
| September 12 | at Wofford | Gibbs StadiumSpartanburg, SC (rivalry) | W 20–14 | 10,271 |
| September 19 | Western Carolina | Johnson Hagood StadiumCharleston, SC | L 8–14 | 11,011 |
| September 26 | at No. 13 Appalachian State | Kidd Brewer StadiumBoone, NC | L 11–26 | 10,261 |
| October 3 | at No. 23 South Florida* | Raymond James StadiumTampa, FL | L 6–45 | 32,598 |
| October 10 | East Tennessee State | Johnson Hagood StadiumCharleston, SC | W 31–20 | 15,707 |
| October 17 | at No. 24 Furman | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC (rivalry) | W 25–24 | 13,011 |
| October 24 | No. 1 Georgia Southern | Johnson Hagood StadiumCharleston, SC | L 34–51 | 14,222 |
| October 31 | No. 17 Hofstra* | Johnson Hagood StadiumCharleston, SC | W 32–30 | 8,673 |
| November 7 | Chattanooga | Johnson Hagood StadiumCharleston, SC | L 10–13 | 16,842 |
| November 14 | at VMI | Alumni Memorial FieldLexington, VA (Military Classic of the South) | W 36–10 | 8,832 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Chian Yai district

Chian Yai (Thai: เชียรใหญ่, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the southeastern part of Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise): Pak Phanang, Hua Sai, Cha-uat, and Chaloem Phra Kiat.

## History

The minor district (king amphoe) on 1 February 1937 by splitting it from Pak Phanang district. It was upgraded to a full district on 3 November 1947.

## Administration

The district is divided into 10 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 98 villages (mubans). Chian Yai is a township (thesaban tambon) which covers parts of tambons Chian Yai, Tha Khanan, and Thong Lamchiak. There are a further nine tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Chian Yai | เชียรใหญ่ | 10 | 4,210 |
| 3. | Tha Khanan | ท่าขนาน | 11 | 2,989 |
| 4. | Banklang | บ้านกลาง | 4 | 1,037 |
| 5. | Ban Noen | บ้านเนิน | 10 | 3,144 |
| 6. | Sai Mak | ไสหมาก | 11 | 4,900 |
| 7. | Thong Lamchiak | ท้องลำเจียก | 10 | 4,816 |
| 10. | Suea Hueng | เสือหึง | 11 | 3,030 |
| 11. | Karaket | การะเกด | 12 | 7,371 |
| 12. | Khao Phra Bat | เขาพระบาท | 9 | 6,849 |
| 13. | Mae Chao Yu Hua | แม่เจ้าอยู่หัว | 10 | 7,481 |
Missing numbers belong to tambons which now form Chaloem Phra Kiat.
# Clyde Alwood

Clyde Gobel Alwood (January 1, 1895 – August 14, 1954) was an American college basketball standout for Illinois in the 1910s. A forward, Alwood played for the Fighting Illini from 1913 to 1917, scoring 242 points in 41 games during his three years of varsity play earning a varsity letter each year. Graduating from Clinton High School, Alwood was the son of Henry Alwood and Minnie (Rundle) Alwood. He married twice in his life, his first marriage was to Martha Amy Hargitt and his second was to Doris Jean Keifer.

## University of Illinois

Alwood enrolled at the University of Illinois in the fall of 1913 and join the varsity basketball team. His sophomore year placed him as a starting forward for the 1914–15 Fighting Illini team that finished as the only team in Illinois history with a perfect record, 16 wins and 0 losses. This team was not only Big Ten Conference Champions, but was also named Helms National Champions as well as Premo-Poretta National Champions. This was the University of Illinois's first national championship. As a junior, Alwood maintained his starting role with an Illini team that finished in second place in the conference with an overall record of 13 and 3. Alwoods' senior season, while playing for hall-of-fame coach Ralph Jones, brought the Fighting Illini an additional Big Ten Conference championship. Alwood was named the team captain for the 1916–17 season and the Illini finished their schedule with an overall record of 13 wins and 3 losses and a conference record of 10 wins and 2 losses. The season brought two prestigious awards to Alwood, the Big Ten Medal of Honor, given to the one student-athlete from the graduating class of each university who had “attained the greatest proficiency in athletics and scholastic work”, while also being named a consensus All-American. This team was extremely special in the history of Illinois basketball due to the fact that it included the university's first Helms National Player of the Year, Ray Woods, as well as the National Football League's co-founder George Halas.
# Khanollah

Khanollah (Persian: خان اله, also Romanized as Khānollāh) is a village in Siahkalrud Rural District, Chaboksar District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 75, in 21 families.
# Daniel Giger

Daniel Giger (born 1 October 1949) is a Swiss fencer. He won a silver medal in the team épée event at the 1972 Summer Olympics and a bronze in the same event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Tang Gonda

Tang Gonda (Persian: تنگ گندا, also Romanized as Tang Gondā) is a village in Kushk Rural District, Abezhdan District, Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 70, in 10 families.
# Jean-Louis Beaudry

Jean-Louis Beaudry (March 27, 1809 – June 25, 1886) was a Canadian entrepreneur and politician. Beaudry served as mayor of Montreal three times, from 1862 to 1866, from 1877 to 1879, and from 1881 to 1885 for a total time served as mayor of ten years.

## Early life

Born in Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, Quebec, he was raised and worked on the family farm. After working as a clerk and shopkeeper, Beaudry opened a dry goods store with his brother in 1834. Beaudry became increasingly politically active. In 1827 he signed a petition in opposition to the proposed union of the upper and lower Canadas. In 1837 he became one of the vice presidents of the Société des Fils de la Liberté. When the Rebellions of 1837 occurred, Beaudry fled temporarily to the United States. He returned in June 1838 and resumed his business dealings which flourished.

## Political career

Having established himself as a successful businessman, in 1860 Beaudry ran and was elected councillor. In 1862 he ran for mayor of Montreal and won. He was easily re-elected through 1885. He declined to run for a couple of years, but ran again in 1868 against William Workman. During the campaign Beaudry turned off voters with religious and negative overtones. Beaudry did not run for mayor again until 1877, where he won, and again in 1878. However, in 1879 he lost in a fierce campaign against Sévère Rivard. Beaudry was once again re-elected from 1881 through 1885. His younger brother Prudent Beaudry was mayor of Los Angeles (1874–1876).
He was a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec from 1867 until his death in 1886. He was buried in the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery.

## Accomplishments

During his 10 years served as mayor of Montreal, Beaudry:
* established fire and health departments
* inauguration of a City Hall on Notre-Dame Street
* was instrumental in keeping peace between the Protestants and Catholics through halting the Orange Order
# John Gyetuah

John Gyetuah was a Ghanaian politician who served as a member of parliament for Amenfi West constituency in the Western region of Ghana.

## Early life and education

John was born on 1 October 1959 in Asankran Breman in the Western region of Ghana. He obtained BA in Sociology from University of Cape Coast in 2004. He further graduated with EMGL from GIMPA in 2008.

## Career

He was an Educationist and was a Senior Superintendent of Ghana Education Service.

## Politics

He was a member of National Democratic Congress. He was the member of parliament for Amenfi West constituency for the 5th parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana. He was elected in the 2008 Ghanaian general elections with 18,383 votes out of the 31,858 valid votes cast = 57.7%. He was elected over Agnes Sonful of the New Patriotic Party and Anthony Kwame Annimil of the Convention People's Party. These obtained 41.03% and 1.27% respectively of total valid votes cast. In 2010 he was Minister of State in the John Atta Mills government. He was a member of the Committee on Members Holding Offices of Profit and Roads and Transport. He was the former Deputy Minister for Trade and Industry and later became a minister of State at the Prseidency during President Atta-Mills' tenure.

## Personal life

He was married to Veronica Gyetuah and they had seven children. He was a Christian and a member of Methodist church.

## Death

He died on 13 October 2015 while a Member of Parliament for the Amenfi West constituency in the 6th parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana.
# Sufivand, Kermanshah

Sufivand (Persian: صوفي وند, also Romanized as Şūfīvand) is a village in Haft Ashiyan Rural District, Kuzaran District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 86, in 21 families.
# Sobolivka, Haisyn Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast

Sobolivka (Ukrainian: Соболівка) is a village in Haisyn Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast in west-central Ukraine. Population is 3,752 (2004). On territory of village is: railway station of Duklya, saccharine (does not work) brickwork, 2 schools, 2 children garden, house of culture, hospital, church (Rizdvyano-bogoroditskiy temple - 1790, 1852 reconstructed). The river of Derkachka flows through the village. Distance is from Sobolivki to Kyiv - 293 kilometres.

## History

The settlement of Sobolivka was founded in the place where once existed the city of Sables, founded the Buh Cossacks for protecting of edge from the raids of Tatars. An original fortress was furnished two large earthen billows. Tatars pranged a fortress, and populations destroyed. Afterwards here was a new settlement with the name of Sobolivka, which entered in the complement of domains of the Polish counts of Pototskikh.
Until 18 July 2020, Sobolivka was located in the Teplyk Raion. The raion was abolished and its territory was merged into Haisyn Raion on that day as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Vinnytsia Oblast to six.

## Notable people

* Tetiana Yakovenko (born 1954), poet, literary critic, teacher