OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wolf collar

A wolf collar (also known as Italian: roccale or vreccale, Spanish: carlanca) is a type of dog collar designed to protect livestock guardian dogs from attack by wolves. Wolf collars are fitted with elongated spikes to stop wolves from attacking dogs on the neck. Such collars are used by shepherds in many countries including Italy, Spain and Turkey.
Ancient Greeks used such collars to protect their dogs from wolf attacks.
In Latin the collar was called mellum or maelium or mellum or millus. Marcus Terentius Varro wrote that the farm dogs should have spiked collars for protection against wolves and other wild animals.
War dogs in ancient Greece and Rome had collars with large spikes.

## Use

A wolf collar is normally made out of metals such as steel. The length of the spikes can be quite long, but styles differ in different places. The dogs that normally wore the collars were ones used to protect livestock from attack by wolves. The purpose of the collar is to protect the dog wearing it when it has to fight the wolves. The collar base protects the dog's throat and carotid arteries, while the spikes are intended to deter bites to the neck or even injure wolves trying to do so. There are some tales that suggest that dogs were only given them after they had killed their first wolf; however, these are normally considered to be inaccurate.
# South African abseil

The South African Abseil or South African Double Roped Classical Abseil is a modern variation of the non-mechanical classical abseil method used by mountaineers and rock climbers to quickly descend steep terrain by sliding down a rope wrapped around their body to create controlled friction.

## History

This method of classical (non-mechanical) abseiling was developed by South African mountaineering instructor/guide, Andrew Friedemann in 2000 whilst facilitating a Mountain Leader course in Mooi River - South Africa. The classical abseil taught on the course was deemed to be too onerous and an alternate was investigated with a group of students which would remove the issues of rope burn, lack of sufficient control and toppling over backwards which is a common problem with the standard classical abseil. Later on that same year, the method was demonstrated to the UIAA International Training Standards Working group seminar in Chamonix - France, and was dubbed the South African Abseil by those representatives present as none of the countries taking part had seen the method before.

## Application

All forms of classical abseiling are generally for emergency use only. Modern abseil equipment and techniques have largely made the classical abseil obsolete, however where the right mechanical equipment is not available and a descent of steep terrain by rope is necessary, such as in an emergency situation, the classical methods are still used with caution. Walking parties are generally now the most common users of classical abseils when negotiating steep terrain, as they do not normally carry mechanical devices but often do carry rope.
Classical abseils work by wrapping a rope around the body to create friction allowing the abseiler to descend in a controlled manner. Once the abseiler reaches the ground, the doubled rope is retrieved by pulling down on one side allowing the rope to slip around the anchor.

### Advantages of the South Africa Abseil

* Friction is generated over a larger surface area so it is less painful and has more control.
* The ropes run around and cross over the back just below the armpits so supporting the abseiler upright and there is less tendency to topple over backwards.
* One hand can be left completely free unlike the classical abseil where both hands must be used to prevent toppling backwards.
# Croton monanthogynus

Croton monanthogynus is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family. The undersides are gray. It is a summer annual that produces small, inconspicuous flowers. The plant is monoecious and has both male and female reproductive organs in separate clusters on the same plant. Its leaves are alternate. It is native to the southeastern United States and the southern Great Plains. It is considered adventive in more northern states. AL, AR, AZ, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NE, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV.
The plant in is found in sunny, dry habitats, of both disturbed and high-quality areas. Its common names include prairie tea, one-seed croton, dove weed, and prairie goatweed. Other plant characteristics include alternate leaf arrangement, (or phyllotaxis) and a tap root. It is an annual and it has entire leaf margins, The type of fruit is a capsule, sepals exist on the flowers. The flowers are small and white. It possess glands that emit an unpleasant odor. The plant may grow 6 inches to 3 feet and blooms April through September. The seeds are black.
The plant prefers full sun, dry conditions, and poor soil.
The plant can have a bushy appearance with a flattened top. Dwarf plants may instead, grow to than 6" tall. Croton monanthogynus provides food for wildlife. These species will feed on seeds: sparrows, mourning dove, wild turkey, prairie chicken, bobwhite, and cowbird.
# Armand Deumi

Armand Deumi Tchani (born 12 March 1979) is a Cameroonian former professional footballer who played as a defender. He made three FIFA-official appearances for the Cameroon national team.

## Club career

Deumi started his career in his native country of Cameroon playing for UCB Douala and Kadji Sport Academy de Douala. In 1999, he transferred to Switzerland to play for FC Sion. Deumi spent three years at FC Sion and was impressive enough to earn a move to Swiss league rivals FC Thun. He became a crucial part of the team but missed a large part of the 2003–04 season after suffering a ruptured knee ligament. After recovering from the injury, Deumi quickly reestablished himself in the FC Thun side and was considered by many to be the best defender playing in Switzerland as FC Thun achieved a second-place finish and a spot in next year's UEFA Champions League.
In June 2007, it was announced that Deumi had left FC Thun and signed a three-year deal with Gaziantepspor. In July 2010, he joined Karabükspor.

## International career

Deumi came into the Cameroon team for the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Sudan in March 2005, and made his first start in June in the victory against Benin.
# Burcu Uyar

Burcu Uyar (born 15 February 1978, Sivas, Turkey) is a Turkish soprano who has performed with the Israeli Opera and Deutsche Oper Berlin. Uyar, who was born in Turkey, received her vocal training in Turkey and has appeared in opera performances throughout the world including in İzmir, Nantes, Dijon, Düsseldorf, Mannheim, Padova and Marseille.
In 2012, she performed in the Israeli Opera's production of Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor. Other roles in her repertoire include Donna Anna in Mozart's Don Giovanni, Gilda in Verdi's Rigoletto, Olympia in Les Contes d'Hoffmann by German-born French composer Jacques Offenbach, the title role in Massenet's Manon and the Queen of the Night in Die Zauberflote. In 2018, she performed in La Traviata at the 9th International Istanbul Opera Festival and also at a performance commemorating the 10th anniversary of Turkish soprano Leyla Gencer's death.
Uyar performed the coloratura soprano vocals in "İnsan İnsan", a centuries old poem by Alevi poet Muhyiddin Abdal that was set to music by Turkish composer Fazıl Say.
# Nurabad, Fars

Nurabad (Persian: نورآباد) is a city in the Central District of Mamasani County, Fars province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 51,668 in 11,006 households. The following census in 2011 counted 55,736 people in 14,668 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 57,058 people in 16,430 households.

## Geography
### Location

Nurabad is 58.7 kilometres (36.5 mi) from Kazerun, 80.5 kilometres (50.0 mi) from Yasuj, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, 87.8 kilometres (54.6 mi) from Dogonbadan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and 100.2 kilometres (62.3 mi) from Borazjan, Bushehr province.

### Climate

Climate data for Nurabad :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) | 15.2 (59.4) | 17.4 (63.3) | 21.0 (69.8) | 27.4 (81.3) | 34.3 (93.7) | 39.3 (102.7) | 40.6 (105.1) | 38.9 (102.0) | 33.6 (92.5) | 27.4 (81.3) | 21.4 (70.5) | 27.5 (81.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 3.8 (38.8) | 4.7 (40.5) | 8.3 (46.9) | 13.1 (55.6) | 18.9 (66.0) | 24.8 (76.6) | 25.5 (77.9) | 22.6 (72.7) | 17.9 (64.2) | 13.6 (56.5) | 9.9 (49.8) | 13.8 (56.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 54 (2.1) | 54 (2.1) | 46 (1.8) | 9 (0.4) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 7 (0.3) | 29 (1.1) | 58 (2.3) | 261 (10.2) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||
# Bala Kula

Bala Kula (Persian: بالاكولا, also Romanized as Bālā Kūlā; also known as Bālā Kolā) is a village in Kolijan Rostaq-e Olya Rural District, Kolijan Rostaq District, Sari County, Mazandaran province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 203, in 47 families.
# Gonzo (magazine)

Gonzo (circus) is a Dutch-language bi-monthly culture and music magazine, first published in 1991 in Belgium. It is based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The magazine primarily focuses on contemporary musical genres such as punk, industrial, hip hop, jazz, improvised music, modern classical music, indie rock, noise, electronic music and world music. The founders are Stefan Joosten and Dirk Vreys. Since 1995 each publication is accompanied by a compilation CD under the name Mind the Gap, featuring new artists.
In June 1998 Guy Bleus organised a retrospective exhibition of Gonzo (circus) (1991-1998) and Mind The Gap (1995-1998) at the Centre for Visual Arts (now Z33) in Hasselt (Belgium).
Gonzo (circus) is published by the publisher Virtumedia.
# Tuymazinsky District

Tuymazinsky District (Russian: Туймази́нский райо́н; Bashkir and Tatar: Туймазы районы, Tuymazı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Sharansky District in the north, Buzdyaksky District in the east, Belebeyevsky District in the southeast and south, Yermekeyevsky District in the south, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 2,403 square kilometers (928 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Tuymazy (which is administratively separate from the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 64,389.

## History

The district was established on August 20, 1930. On March 20, 1937, the district was split into two—Tuymazinsky and Kandrinsky—but that was reversed in 1956.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Tuymazinsky District is one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is divided into 18 selsoviets, comprising 113 rural localities. The town of Tuymazy serves as its administrative center, despite being incorporated separately as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Tuymazinsky Municipal District, with the town of republic significance of Tuymazy being incorporated within it as Tuymazy Urban Settlement. Its eighteen selsoviets are incorporated as eighteen rural settlements within the municipal district. The town of Tuymazy serves as the administrative center of the municipal district as well.
# Harbor Island, South Carolina

Harbor Island is a small residential barrier island located 14 miles (22 km) east of Beaufort, South Carolina. It is one of the Carolina Sea Islands. Most of the island is tidal marsh, though approximately 800 acres (3.2 km$^2$) of upland acreage exists on the northeastern portions. The residential portion of the island was listed as a census-designated place in the 2020 census, with a population of 209. The island is served by U.S. Route 21 (US 21), the only vehicular access route to the island and other nearby islands.

## History

The island was uninhabited and used primarily as hunting grounds until the 1930s, when US 21 was constructed to connect Saint Helena Island with Hunting Island. Development on Harbor Island remained scarce until The Fripp Company, developers of Fripp Island, purchased most of the land on the island and developed a gated residential and resort community. Small-scale commercial development exists along US 21.
In November 2018, the South Carolina Environmental Law Project filed a lawsuit on behalf of the Harbor Island Owners Association, asking the Beaufort County Circuit Court to order the state to remove seven houses that, through rapid erosion, had ended up in the water on the beach below the mean high water mark. The state was released from the action in 2018, leaving the homeowners and the association as parties to the suit.
The original Harbor River Bridge, a swing-span bridge built in 1939, was narrow and structurally deficient and was replaced with a modern fixed-span bridge to ensure safer and reliable access. The new bridge opened to traffic on April 25, 2021.

## Nature

Harbor Island is a certified Community Wildlife Habitat by the National Wildlife Federation.

### Birds

Harbor Island is part of the Beaufort Barrier Islands Important Bird Area.

### Sea Turtles

Harbor Island has a Sea Turtle Nest Protection Program permitted by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and run by volunteers.

## Demographics

The residential portion of the island was listed as a census-designated place in 2020. Per the 2020 census, the population was 209.

### 2020 census

Harbor Island CDP, South Carolina – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 183 | 87.56% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 6 | 2.87% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 2 | 0.96% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 4 | 1.91% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 10 | 4.78% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 4 | 1.91% |
| Total | 209 | 100.00% |
# A Place Nearby

A Place Nearby (Danish: Her i nærheden) is a 2000 Danish drama film directed by Kaspar Rostrup and starring Ghita Nørby and Thure Lindhardt. It was Denmark's submission to the 73rd Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.

## Cast

* Ghita Nørby
* Thure Lindhardt
* Frits Helmuth
* Henning Moritzen
* Bodil Lindorff
* Hannah Bjarnhof
* Sarah Boberg
* Thomas Bo Larsen
* Niels Anders Thorn
* Pia Vieth
* Niels Skousen
* Susanne Jagd
* Peter Aude
* Mira Wanting
* Holger Vistisen
* Niels Weyde
# The Lost Throne

The Lost Throne is the fourth novel by New York Times bestselling author Chris Kuzneski. Published in November 2008 by Penguin UK, the action thriller peaked at #5 on the British fiction chart and stayed in the Top 10 for four weeks. Putnam released the American hardcover in July 2009. It won the Bronze Medal for Popular Fiction at the Florida Book Awards, which is America’s most comprehensive state book awards program. The American paperback reached the New York Times mass-market bestseller list in July 2010.
# Capa (footballer)

Edson Carlos Santos Lima Júnior (born 10 January 1988), simply known as Capa, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a left back.

## Club career

Born in Serrinha, Bahia, Capa started his career clube profissional de Santa Catarina Marcílio Dias and in the following years, he represented Grêmio Osasco, Hermann Aichinger, Operário Ferroviário and Guarani de Palhoça.
On 6 June 2016, Capa joined Série B o clube de Avaí on a season long loan deal. On 25 June, he made his debut in the tournament, coming as a 46th minute substitute for Célio in a 1–1 draw against Tupi. He featured 26 times for the league with his side winning promotion to Série A.
On 18 December 2016, Capa signed permanently with Avaí on a contract extending until 2019, with the club securing 70% of the player's rights. An undisputed starter, he contributed with 29 league matches as his side was relegated to the second tier. After extending his contract with Avaí until 2020, Capa joined Sport on a year long loan deal on 9 January 2018.
On 3 January 2019, Capa was loaned out to São Caetano for the Campeonato Paulista A1 season.

## Club statistics

    As of 26 November 2019
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State League | State League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Marcílio Dias | 2012 | Catarinense | — | — | 7 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 1 |
| Osasco | 2013 | Paulista A2 | — | — | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Marcílio Dias | 2013 | Série D | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Hermann Aichinger | 2014 | Catarinense | — | — | 18 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18 | 0 |
| Guarani de Palhoça | 2014 | Série D | 8 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 2 |
| Hermann Aichinger | 2015 | Catarinense | — | — | 13 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18 | 0 |
| Operário Ferroviário | 2015 | Série D | 10 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | 0 |
| Guarani de Palhoça | 2016 | Catarinense | — | — | 17 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17 | 1 |
| Avaí (loan) | 2016 | Série B | 26 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26 | 0 |
| Avaí | 2017 | Série A | 29 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 49 | 0 |
| Avaí | 2018 | Série B | 34 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 34 | 2 |
| Avaí | Total | Total | 89 | 2 | 16 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 109 | 2 |
| Sport (loan) | 2018 | Série A | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| São Caetano (loan) | 2019 | Série D | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 0 |
| Vitória (loan) | 2019 | Série B | 22 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 133 | 4 | 90 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 230 | 8 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Primeira Liga
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Copa do Nordeste

## Honours
### Avaí

* Campeonato Catarinense: 2021
# Xu Qing (swimmer)

Xu Qing (born September 27, 1992) is a Chinese Paralympic swimmer. He lost both his arms in a car accident when he was 6 and began swimming training at 7, introduced to the sport by a doctor who had himself been a para-athlete.
Competing in the S6 classification, Xu won 3 gold and one bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and 4 gold medals at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. As of April 2014, Xu holds S6 World records in 50 m freestyle and 50 m butterfly events; he also swam in the 2008 Chinese relay team that holds the 4 x 50 m medley 20pts World Record.
# Norroy-le-Veneur

Norroy-le-Veneur (French pronunciation:; German: Norringen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Aerodrom Municipality, Skopje

Aerodrom (Macedonian: Аеродром; , meaning Airport or Aerodrome) is the largest in population of the ten municipalities that make up the city of Skopje, the capital of North Macedonia. Despite its name, it is not home to Skopje International Airport, which is in Petrovec.

## Geography

Aerodrom borders Kisela Voda Municipality to the southwest, Centar Municipality to the northwest, Gazi Baba Municipality to the northeast, and Studeničani Municipality to the south.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 North Macedonia census, Aerodrom municipality has 77,735 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in this municipality include:
| | 2002 | 2002 | 2021 | 2021 |
| | Number | % | Number | % |
| TOTAL | 72,009 | 100 | 77,735 | 100 |
| Macedonians | 64,391 | 89.42 | 66,245 | 85.22 |
| Serbs | 3,085 | 4.28 | 2,155 | 2.77 |
| Albanians | 1,014 | 1.41 | 851 | 1.09 |
| Vlachs | 501 | 0.7 | 652 | 0.84 |
| Turks | 430 | 0.6 | 464 | 0.6 |
| Roma | 580 | 0.81 | 459 | 0.59 |
| Bosniaks | 538 | 0.75 | 403 | 0.52 |
| Other / Undeclared / Unknown | 1,470 | 2.03 | 1,258 | 1.62 |
| Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources | | | 5,248 | 6.75 |
The total number of students in the municipality in 2011, in comparison to the total number of students in 2007, increased by 9.9%. Aerodrom is the first municipality in Macedonia by rise of the total number of students.[4]

## Sport

* MZT Skopje is the most popular club in Macedonia. The club competes in the Macedonian First League and Adriatic League. The club's home ground is Jane Sandanski Arena. MZT is a 11-time champion of North Macedonia.
* Gorno Lisiče is a football club from Gorno Lisiče neighbourhood. The club competes in the Second Macedonian Football League. The club currently plays at the Cementarnica Stadium in Kisela Voda Municipality.
# Carlos Kenig

Carlos Eduardo Kenig (born November 25, 1953) is an Argentine-American mathematician and Louis Block Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Chicago. He is known for his work in harmonic analysis and partial differential equations. He was President of the International Mathematical Union between 2019 and 2022.

## Career

Kenig obtained his PhD at the University of Chicago in 1978 under the supervision of Alberto Calderón. Since then, he has held positions at Princeton University and the University of Minnesota before returning to the University of Chicago in 1985. He has done extensive work in elliptic and dispersive partial differential equations. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 2014. His students include Zhongwei Shen, Kin Ming Hui, Gigliola Staffilani and Panagiota Daskalopoulos.

## Awards and honors

* Salem Prize, 1984
* Invited speaker, 1986 International Congress of Mathematicians (and 2002)
* Elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2002
* Bôcher Memorial Prize, 2008
* Plenary speaker, 2010 International Congress of Mathematicians
* Elected Member of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014
* ICMAM Prize, 2024. Awarded by the research organization ICMAM Latin America.
Kenig was elected President of the International Mathematical Union in July 2018, a position that he holds until 2022.
# El Ahly Mateur

El Ahly Mateur (Arabic: الأهلي الماطري) is a Tunisian football club based in Mateur, Bizerte Governorate. The club are currently members of Ligue Professionnelle 2.

## History

The club was established in 1947 as Association of Mateur Alumni as a club for Tunisian players in order to compete with the French local side l'Espérance de Mateur and the Italian club Juventus Mateur. After Tunisian independence in 1956 its two local rivals folded and the club was renamed En Nadi Ahly Mateur
In 1961–62 the club won the Northern Division of the second tier and were promoted to the top division. They remained in the top flight until finishing bottom in 1965–66, when they were relegated. At the end of the season the club adopted its current name.

## Honours

* Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 2
** North Division champions 1961–62
* Third Division
** North Division champions 1973–74, 1979–80, 2008–09
* Fourth Division
** North Division champions 1992–93, 2005–06
# Nébouzat

Nébouzat (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Nebosac) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.
# Nuraz

Nuraz (Persian: نوراز, also Romanized as Nūrāz; also known as Nūzār) is a village in Jalalvand Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, its population was 29, in 7 families.