OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bullying in the military

In 2000, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) defined bullying as: "...the use of physical strength or the abuse of authority to intimidate or victimise others, or to give unlawful punishments." A review of a number of deaths, supposedly by suicide, at Princess Royal Barracks, Deepcut by Nicholas Blake QC indicated that whilst a bullying culture existed during the mid to late 1990s many of the issues were being addressed as a result of the Defence Training Review.
Some argue that this behaviour should be allowed because of a general academic consensus that "soldiering" is different from other occupations. Soldiers expected to risk their lives should, according to them, develop strength of body and spirit to accept bullying.
In some countries, ritual hazing amongst recruits has been tolerated and even lauded as a rite of passage that builds character and toughness; while in others, systematic bullying of lower-ranking, young or physically slight recruits may in fact be encouraged by military policy, either tacitly or overtly (see dedovshchina).
# Sri Lankan Civil War in popular culture

With the Sri Lankan Civil War spanning for nearly 30 years (1983–2009), the conflict has been portrayed in a variety of ways in popular culture, both during the war and after its conclusion.

## Literature
### Biographies

* Tamil Tigress (2011), by Niromi de Soyza

### Non-fiction

* This Divided Island (2015), by Samanth Subramanian
* Island of Blood (2003), by Anita Pratap
* The Tamil Genocide by Sri Lanka (2009), by Francis Boyle
* The Cage (2011), by Gordon Weiss
* Still Counting the Dead (2012), by Frances Harrison
* Gota’s War: The Crushing of Tamil Tiger Terrorism in Sri Lanka (2012), by C. A. Chandraprema
* Dare to Dream - Heroic Tales for the Tamil Diaspora (2012), by J. K. Sivalingam
* A Fleeting Moment in My Country (2012), by N. Malathy

### Novels

* Tech War (Able Team) (1985), by Dick Stivers
* Funny Boy (1994), by Shyam Selvadurai
* The Road from Elephant Pass (2003), by Nihal De Silva
* Island of a Thousand Mirrors (2012), by Nayomi Munaweera
* Ummath (2014), by Sharmila Seyyid
* The Story of a Brief Marriage (2016), by Anuk Arudpragasam

## Film & TV
### Films

* Unakkaga Piranthen (1992), directed by Balu Anand
* Purahanda Kaluwara (1997), directed by Prasanna Vithanage
* Saroja (2000), directed by Somaratne Dissanayake
* In the Name of Buddha (2002), directed by Rajesh Touchriver
* Kannathil Muthamittal (2002), directed by Mani Ratnam
* Ira Madiyama (2003), directed by Prasanna Vithanage
* Aanivaer (2006), directed by John Mahendran
* Kuttrapathirikai (2007), directed by R. K. Selvamani
* Prabhakaran (2008), directed by Thushara Peiris
* The Road from Elephant Pass (2008), directed by Chandran Rutnam
* Flying Fish (2011), directed by Sanjeewa Pushpakumara
* Matha (2011), directed by Boodee Keerthisena
* A Common Man (2013), directed by Chandran Rutnam
* Madras Cafe (2013), directed by John Abraham
* Ceylon (2013), directed by Santosh Sivan
* A Private War (2018), directed by Matthew Heineman

### Documentaries

* Crayons and Paper (2009), directed by Bruce David Janu
* Sri Lanka's Killing Fields (2011), directed by Callum Macrae
* Lies Agreed Upon (2011), by the Sri Lankan Ministry of Defence
* Sri Lanka's Killing Fields: War Crimes Unpunished (2012), directed by Callum Macrae
* Ruthless (2012), by the Sri Lankan Ministry of Defence
* No Fire Zone (2013), directed by Callum Macrae
* Sri Lanka's Unfinished War (2013), by the BBC

### Animation

* Mobile Suit Gundam 00 (2007), by Sunrise, Inc.

## Music

* Poradada Oru Valenthada, song from Alai Osai (1985)
* Tholvi Nilaiyena, song from Oomai Vizhigal (1986)
* Lions and Tigers (1997), song by Brown Boogie Nation
* Sebalanani (2009), song by Ranidu Lankage
* Born Free (2010), song by M.I.A.

## Video games

* Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Predator (2010)
* NERO: The Sniper (2021)
# Cuba–Turkey relations

Cuba–Turkey relations are foreign relations between Cuba and Turkey.
Diplomatic relations between Turkey and Cuba were established in 1952. Turkey opened its first embassy in the Caribbean in Havana in 1979.
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President of the Republic of Turkey paid a visit to Cuba on 10-11 February 2015. This was the first presidential visit from Turkey to Cuba and was a milestone for the bilateral relations between the two countries. In November 2022, President Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez of Cuba paid an official visit to Turkey.

## Official Visits

| Guest | Host | Place of visit | Date of visit |
| President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | President Raúl Castro | Palacio de la Revolución, Havana | February 10–11, 2015 |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla | Minister of Foreign Affairs Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu | Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara | June 15–16, 2017 |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu | President Miguel Díaz-Canel | Palacio de la Revolución, Havana | May 17–18, 2019 |

## Economic relations

Trade volume between the two countries was 54.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 42.9/11.8 million USD).

## Resident diplomatic missions

* Cuba has an embassy in Ankara.
* Turkey has an embassy in Havana.
* Çiçeği Residence hosting the Embassy of Cuba in Ankara
# Robert Ayre

Robert Hugh Ayre LL. D. (April 3, 1900 – December 24, 1980) was a pioneering art critic for the Montreal Star who wrote about Canadian art for 20 years (1950-1970) and an author of juvenile fiction inspired by legends of the First Nations.

## Career

Ayre was born in Napinka in rural Manitoba and grew up there. In 1920, he got a job as a cub-reporter for the Winnipeg Telegram. In 1924, he moved to a job at the Winnipeg Free Press. In 1927, he got a job in the Publicity Department of the Canadian National Railway (CNR) in Winnipeg and from then on was assured of financial stability.
He began to write free-lance for the Canadian Forum magazine from 1928 on. He also wrote articles for the Queen’s Quarterly. From 1932 to 1934 he became editor of the CNR Magazine and met Lawren Harris and through him, other members of the Group of Seven. He moved to Montreal in 1934 and while working for the CNR, began writing for the Montreal Gazette.
In Ayre’s capacity as a journalist, he attended the Kingston Conference in 1941, and helped found the Federation of Canadian Artists, and having moved back to Winnipeg in 1942, working for the CNR'S Trans-Canada Air Lines, became Chairman for the Federation, Manitoba Region from 1942 to 1943. In 1944, he moved back to Montreal and besides his regular job at the CNR, lectured on radio and at McGill University's Extension department on Canadian art.
He became the editor of Canadian Art in 1944 and until 1959, served in that capacity, co-editing with Donald W. Buchanan, the editor-in-chief. From 1950 to 1970, he was the art editor of the Montreal Star, retiring in 1970, having published almost 2000 articles on Canadian art. He was a founding member of the Canadian chapter of the International Art Critics Association (AICA Canada), established in 1955. J. Russell Harper said of him in 1976:
   I suspect that he has seen more Canadian paintings than any other single individual. In looking, and in writing about what he sees, he has demonstrated enlightenment in the finest humanitarian tradition.
Ayre also wrote a number of short stories and is the author of Sketco the Raven (1961), based on West Coast First Nation legends. His fonds is at Queens University, Kingston, Ontario.

## Awards and honours

* Canada Drama Award (1942);
* Concordia University, Montreal, Honorary Doctorate (LL. D.);
# Sar Bisheh-ye Olya

Sar Bisheh-ye Olya (Persian: سربيشه عليا, also Romanized as Sar Bīsheh-ye ‘Olyā) is a village in Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Dishmok District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 304, in 61 families.
# Real Club Náutico de Barcelona

The Royal Barcelona Yacht Club (Spanish: Real Club Náutico de Barcelona, Catalan: Reial Club Nàutic de Barcelona (RCNB)) is a member-only yacht club based in Barcelona. It was established in 1876 and is one of the oldest yacht clubs in Spain.
This club is located at one end of Barcelona harbor. It is a well-equipped yacht club, with its own delimited area very close to the competing Royal Barcelona Maritime Club (Reial Club Marítim de Barcelona). The RCNB's area is an "administrative concession" from the Barcelona Port Authority and it houses the club's premises, as well as a restaurant overlooking the moored yachts that is open to the public.
The club has 175 moorings, of which 20 are available for hire. The remaining moorings are private property.
The Reial Club Nàutic de Barcelona has participated in many sailing competitions during its long existence. It has won a great number of awards.
The club organizes together with the fashion and perfumes company Puig the "Puig Vela Clásica" race that is run every year during the month of July, in Barcelona waters. The main feature of this race is that it is reserved for traditional and classical boats only. This regatta is one of the main classical sailboats races of all those celebrated worldwide.
# Tommy Rostron

Thomas Rostron (birth year unknown) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s. He played at representative level for England, and at club level for Oldham, as a loose forward.

## International honours

Tommy Rostron won a cap for England while at Oldham in 1945 against Wales.
# Dali, Izeh

Dali (Persian: دلي, also Romanized as Dalī) is a village in Howmeh-ye Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 17 families.
# Yolaçtı, Genç

Yolaçtı (Kurdish: Biluwan) is a village in the Genç District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 44 in 2021.
The hamlets of Akpınar, Bekçiler, Cem, Coşkunlar, Kayacık, Kaygısız, Kaynaklı, Toklu and Yürekli are attached to the village.
# Salen ligand

Salen refers to a tetradentate C$_2$-symmetric ligand synthesized from salicylaldehyde (sal) and ethylenediamine (en). It may also refer to a class of compounds, which are structurally related to the classical salen ligand, primarily bis-Schiff bases. Salen ligands are notable for coordinating a wide range of different metals, which they can often stabilise in various oxidation states. For this reason salen-type compounds are used as metal deactivators. Metal salen complexes also find use as catalysts.

## Synthesis and complexation

H$_2$salen may be synthesized by the condensation of ethylenediamine and salicylaldehyde.
Complexes of salen with metal cations can often be made in situ, i.e., without isolating the H$_2$salen.
    H$_2$salen + M$^{2+}$ → M(salen) + 2 H$^+$
# Zarandeh, Mazul

Zarandeh (Persian: زرنده) is a village in Mazul Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 458, in 116 families.
# Judgmental language

Judgmental language is a subset of red herring fallacies. It employs insulting, compromising or pejorative language to influence the recipient's judgment.

## Examples

Here, the judgmental words are "our very own sons" and "mercenaries", which imply not only professional soldiers but rather soldiers of fortune. This argument is also a false dilemma: nothing implies that coercion and fear of punishment produces better soldiers than voluntarily, and that a professional army could not be assembled from the nation's own citizens.
This argument combines judgmental language with non sequitur and appeal to authority.
Judgmental language is related to use of pejorative language.
# Clandestine in Chile

Clandestine in Chile: The Adventures of Miguel Littín (Spanish: La aventura de Miguel Littín clandestino en Chile) is a report, written by Gabriel García Márquez, about the Chilean filmmaker Miguel Littín’s clandestine visit to his home country after 12 years in exile.
The book was written based on 18 hours of recorded interviews by García Márquez with Miguel Littin in 1986.

## Summary

After ten years of dictatorship, Augusto Pinochet issued a list with the names of exiles allowed to return to Chile. Miguel Littín was not included in this list; instead, he found his name in another list of those who were banned from visiting Chile. Littín decided to return to his beloved country anyway by using a false passport, a false career background, a false excuse, and even a false wife.
During his visit Miguel, disguised as a Uruguayan businessman, directs three European film crews shooting a documentary about Chilean life under the dictatorship. He shoots interviews with ordinary Chileans and people of organized resistance movements who operate underground. He obtains an interview with a resistance leader, being led blindfolded to a clandestine hospital where the leader was taken after being rescued from a public hospital a few hours after he survived an assassination attempt by Pinochet’s secret police.
He succeeds in his mission and leaves Chile at the moment when the Chilean authorities have almost discovered his presence in the country. The revelations made in his documentary, Acta General de Chile, are supposed to embarrass the dictatorship by showing its brutality from first hand and all the underground network of young people working to overthrow the dictatorship.

## Censorship

On November 28, 1986, the customs authorities seized almost 15,000 copies of García Márquez's book Clandestine in Chile, which were later burned by military authorities in Valparaiso. Together with them, copies of a book of essays by Venezuelan presidential candidate Teodoro Petkoff were also burned.

## Editions in print

* ISBN 0-8050-0322-3, Hardcover, Henry Holt & Company, 1987
* ISBN 1590173406, Paperback, New York Review of Books, 2010
# Kavar Lavan

Kavar Lavan (Persian: كاورلوان, also Romanized as Kāvar Lavān; also known as Kāvareh Lavān, Kāverlāvānd, and Kāwralawān) is a village in Dorudfaraman Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 341, in 71 families.
# Zederk

Zederk (Persian: زدرك, also Romanized as Zadrak) is a village in the Tudeshk Rural District, Kuhpayeh District, Isfahan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 5 families.
# Muljava

Muljava (pronounced; German: Mulau) is a village in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## History

Muljava was originally two villages: Muljava and Zavod. The two were united into a single village when house numbers were assigned in the village.

## Jurčič farm

Muljava is best known as the birthplace of the Slovene writer Josip Jurčič and the farm where he was born is now a small museum.

## Church

The local church is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary and belongs to the Parish of Krka.
# Melissa Borjas

Melissa Paola Borjas Pastrana (born 20 October 1986) is a Honduran football referee. She earned a degree in finance at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, and has been a professional referee since 2011. She has been on the FIFA International Referees List since 2013.

## Career

Borjas was the first female referee to officiate a match in Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras, the top flight of men's football in the country. She then became the first female official to referee a final match in Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras when she officiated the first leg of the 2019 spring final between local teams Olimpia and Motagua on 26 May 2019.
In 2015, she became the first Honduran woman to referee at the FIFA Women's World Cup when she officiated a match between Japan and Ecuador. She was again appointed as a referee for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France. After the conclusion of the round of 16, she was selected as one of 11 referees who would officiate during the knockout stages.
On 9 January 2023, FIFA appointed her to the officiating pool for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup in Australia and New Zealand.
Borjas was appointed to the officiating pool at the 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup and was also chosen to officiate the final between the United States and Brazil in San Diego on March 10, 2024.
# Ravi Arunthavanathan

Air Vice Marshal Ravi Arunthavanathan, RWP, RSP, VSV, USP, psc, SLAF was the former Deputy Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Air Force and current Additional Secretary, Ministry of Defence.
Educated at Richmond College, Galle where he was an outstanding cricketer, he joined the Sri Lanka Air Force as an Officer Cadet in 1972. After successful completion of Basic Training he was commissioned as a Pilot Officer in the SLAF Regiment. He holds an MSc in Defence Studies and management.
Arunthavanathan was an Officer Instructor at the Ground Combat and Recruit Training Unit at SLAF Diyatalawa was in change of Staff Officer Training (GH) at Air Headquarters, SLAF Colombo. He had served as the Base Commander, SLAF China Bay and Zonal Commander, East. He had also served as aide-de-camp to three Air Force Commanders.
Air Vice Marshal Ravi Arunthavanathan has been awarded the gallantry medals Rana Wickrama Padakkama and Rana Sura Padakkama for individual acts of bravery, the service medals Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya, Uttama Seva Padakkama and Sri Lanka Armed Services Long Service Medal.
# Aegilia (Attica)

Aegilia or Aigilia (Ancient Greek: Αἰγιλία), or Aegilus or Aigilos (ἡ Αἵγιλος), was a deme of ancient Attica belonging to the phyle of Antiochis, situated on the western coast between Lamptra and Sphettus. It was celebrated for its figs.
The site of Aegilia is tentatively located at modern Phoinikia.
# Taqa, Iran

Taqa (Persian: طاقا, also Romanized as Ţāqā; also known as Tagā) is a village in Abezhdan Rural District, Abezhdan District, Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 64, in 15 families.
# Calcarine sulcus

The calcarine sulcus (or calcarine fissure) is an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain of humans and other primates. Its name comes from the Latin "calcar" meaning "spur". It is very deep, and known as a complete sulcus.

## Structure

The calcarine sulcus begins near the occipital pole in two converging rami. It runs forward to a point a little below the splenium of the corpus callosum. Here, it is joined at an acute angle by the medial part of the parieto-occipital sulcus. The anterior part of this sulcus gives rise to the prominence of the calcar avis in the posterior cornu of the lateral ventricle. The cuneus is above the calcarine sulcus, while the lingual gyrus is below it.

### Development

In humans, the calcarine sulcus usually becomes visible between 20 weeks and 28 weeks of gestation.

## Function

The calcarine sulcus is associated with the visual cortex. It is where the primary visual cortex (V1) is concentrated. The central visual field is located in the posterior portion of the calcarine sulcus, and the peripheral visual field is located in the anterior portion.

## History

The name of the calcarine sulcus comes from the Latin "calcar" meaning "spur".

## Additional images

* Position of the calcarine sulcus (shown in red).
* Calcarine fissure (shown in red).
* Calcarine sulcus highlighted in Brodmann Area 17, lateral and medial views.
* Medial surface of cerebral cortex - gyri
# Desmond Dreyer

Admiral Sir Desmond Parry Dreyer, GCB CBE DSC DL (6 April 1910 – 15 May 2003) was a senior Royal Navy officer who served as Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel from 1965 to 1967.

## Naval career

Born the second son of Admiral Sir Frederic Charles Dreyer, Desmond Dreyer joined the Royal Navy in 1924. He served in the Second World War at sea and in the Admiralty. He distinguished himself as Gunnery Officer on HMS Ajax at the Battle of the River Plate in December 1939, winning the Distinguished Service Cross for his role in this action. He served on HMS Coventry during the Norwegian campaign and from 1941 to 1943 on the battleships King George V and Duke of York.
From July 1953 to April 1955, Dreyer commanded the 3rd Destroyer Squadron in the Mediterranean. He was appointed chief of staff to the commander-in-chief, Mediterranean Fleet in 1955 and was involved in the Suez Crisis in 1956. He went on to be Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff in 1958, Flag Officer (Flotillas) for the Mediterranean Fleet in 1960 and Flag Officer, Air (Home) in 1961. He was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Far East Fleet in 1962: following the Malayan Emergency he co-ordinated Commonwealth naval forces in their successful resistance to Indonesian incursions into the newly formed Malaysia.
Dreyer was promoted to full admiral on 5 June 1965, and became Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel in 1965. He was also Principal Naval Aide-de-camp to the Queen from 1965 to 1968. His last appointment was as Chief Advisor (Personnel and Logistics) to Denis Healey, the Secretary of State for Defence in 1967: he retired in 1968.

## Later life

In retirement, Dreyer became a member of the Prices and Incomes Board and the Armed Forces' Pay Review Board. He was also Deputy Lieutenant of Hampshire. From 1970 to 1971 he was Chairman of the Royal Navy Club of 1765 & 1785 (United 1889).

## Family

In 1934, Dreyer married Elisabeth Chilton: they went on to have two sons and a daughter. In 1959, following his first wife's death, he married Majorie Whiteley.
# Ljubljanica Sluice Gate

The Ljubljanica Sluice Gate (Slovene: Zapornica na Ljubljanici), or the Partition (Pregrada),$^{:180–181}$ is a sluice gate and a triumphal arch on the Ljubljanica River in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. It is located between Cukrarna (a former sugar factory) and Vraz Square (Vrazov trg) in the Center District, east of the Ljubljana old town, a bit downstream of Ambrož Square (Ambrožev trg). It was designed in 1939 by the Slovene architect Jože Plečnik, who envisaged it as a monumental farewell to the Ljubljanica River on its exit from the Ljubljana city centre. It was planned to be used as a footbridge as well. The sluice gate was built with difficulty from 1940 until 1943$^{:184}$ by the constructor Matko Curk. Since July 2009, it has been protected as a monument of national significance, along with other major works by Plečnik. Since August 2021, the Ljubljanica Sluice Gate has been inscribed as part of Plečnik's legacy on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
# Skalnaté pleso Observatory

The Skalnaté pleso Observatory (Slovak: Observatórium Skalnaté pleso; obs. code: 056) is an astronomical and meteorological observatory in the Tatra Mountains of Slovakia. It is located at an altitude of 1,786 metres (5,860 ft) on the south-eastern slopes of Lomnický štít near Tatranská Lomnica. The observatory is named after a nearby mountain lake (Skalnaté pleso, literally: "Rocky Tarn").

## Description

The observatory produced the popular sky atlas Skalnate Pleso Atlas of the Heavens by Antonín Bečvář, who founded the observatory in 1943. It is also known for its visual comet hunting and for its astrometric observations and discoveries of minor planets. The asteroid 2619 Skalnaté Pleso was named in honor of the observatory.
Noted astronomers who worked at the observatory include Milan Antal, Antonín Mrkos, Ľudmila Pajdušáková and Margita Kresáková (née Vozárová), as well as Alois Paroubek and Regina Podstanická. Discoveries include the minor planets 1807 Slovakia and 1989 Tatry.
# Rebigue

Rebigue (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Rebiga) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.