OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lisa Welp

Lisa Welp is a biogeochemist who utilizes stable isotopes to understand how water and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the land and atmosphere. She is a professor at Purdue University in the department of Earth, Atmosphere, and Planetary Sciences.

## Early life and education

Lisa Welp grew up in Ferdinand, Indiana. In high school, Welp participated in a program from Indiana University titled Exploration of Careers in Science where she spent eight weeks on campus doing research for the university. She focuses her research on isotopes of oxygen-18 of CO$_2$ and water, and she did field work in Alaska and Siberia studying the carbon cycling in the forests. Welp attained her Master of Science from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena California in Environmental Science and Engineering in 2002. She also received her PhD from California Institute of Technology in the same field in 2006. Dr. Welp's obtained her undergraduate degree in chemistry (minor in geology) in 2000 from Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana.

## Career and research

Welp is currently an assistant professor at Purdue University in Earth, Atmosphere, and Planetary Sciences. Prior to this, she was an Assistant Project Scientist (2012-2014) and Postdoctoral Scholar (2008-2012) at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD and postdoctoral Research Associate & Lecturer at Yale University (2006-2008).
Welp's areas of research concern stable isotope biogeochemistry, water and carbon dioxide exchange from land biosphere and the atmosphere, and boreal forest carbon cycling. In 2008, she worked with the Keeling CO$_2$ Lab run by Ralph Keeling, son of Charles David Keeling (see also Keeling Curve). Her work at Scripps led to greater understanding of how ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) affects global shifts in primary production, due to the redistribution of moisture. Welp quantified this using δ$^{18}$O-CO$_2$ (the isotopic shift in precipitation is transferred to respired CO$_2$). Her analysis suggested that global estimates of gross primary production (GPP) were too low and revised them upwards to 150–170 petagrams (1.5×10$^{11}$–1.7×10$^{11}$ t) carbon per year.
Welp's collaborative research program has provided insight into how seasonal warming and drying affects ecosystem exchange of carbon in boreal forests, how seasonal exchange of C between the atmosphere and biosphere has shifted over time, potentially due to increased water use efficiency, proportional to the rise in atmospheric CO$_2$

## Awards and fellowships

* Great Lakes Chief Scientist Training Cruise Award
* BASIN young investigator travel grant 2011
* Outstanding poster contribution at the International Carbon Dioxide Conference 2009
* EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowship: 2001-2004
* BASIN student travel grants: 2002-2004
# Megan Lloyd

Megan Lloyd (born November 5, 1958) is an American illustrator of children's books. A book she illustrated, The Little Old Lady Who Was Not Afraid of Anything, was a Publishers Weekly seasonal bestseller for multiple years. Another book, Fancy That, received a starred review from Publishers Weekly.
Lloyd lives in Pennsylvania.

## Selected works

* Williams, Linda. The Little Old Lady Who Was Not Afraid of Anything. New York: HarperTrophy. 1988.
* Guiberson, Brenda Z. Cactus Hotel. Henry Holt and Company. 1991.
* Kimmel, Eric A. Baba Yaga: A Russian Folktale. Holiday House. 1991
* O'Connor, Jane, and Robert O'Connor. Super Cluck. HarperCollins. 1991
* Guiberson, Brenda Z. Spoonbill Swamp. Henry Holt. 1992.
* Guiberson, Brenda Z. Lobster Boat. Henry Holt and Company. 1993.
* Kindt McKenzie, Ellen. The Perfectly Orderly House. Henry Holt & Company. 1994.
* Birdseye, Tom. A Regular Flood of Mishap. Holiday House. 1994
* Esbensen, Barbara Juster. Dance with Me. New York: HarperCollins Children's Books. 1995.
* White, Linda. Too Many Pumpkins. Holiday House. 1996.
* Otto, Carolyn. What Color is Camouflage? HarperCollins. 1996.
* Jenkins, Priscilla Belz. Falcons Nest on Skyscrapers. HarperCollins. 1996.
* Kimmel, Eric A. Seven at One Blow. Holiday House. 1998.
* Berger, Melvin. Chirping Crickets. HarperCollins. 1998.
* Tews, Susan. The Gingerbread Doll. New York: Clarion Books. 2001.
* Williams, Linda. Horse in the Pigpen. New York: HarperCollins. 2002.
* Hershenhorn, Esther. Fancy That. New York: Holiday House. 2003. STARRED REVIEW
* Spinelli, Eileen. Thanksgiving at the Tappletons. New York: HarperTrophy. 2004. (reissue edition)
* Edwards, Pamela Duncan. The Mixed-Up Rooster. New York: Katherine Tegen Books. 2006.
* Miller, Bobbi. Davy Crockett Gets Hitched. Holiday House. 2009.
* White, Linda. Too Many Turkeys. Holiday House. 2010.
* White, Becky. Betsy Ross. Holiday House. 2011.
* Shore, Diane Z. This Is the Feast. New York: HarperCollins. 2008.
* Spinelli, Eileen. A Big Boy Now. New York: HarperCollins. 2012.
* Miller, Bobbi. Miss Sally Ann and the Panther. Holiday House. 2012
# Mubarazi River

The Mubarazi River (French: Rivière Mubarazi) is a river in Burundi, a major tributary of the Ruvubu River.

## Course

The Mubarazi River rises in Bujumbura Rural Province to the east of Rukina. It flows southeast, then northeast, then north into Muramvya Province to the west side of Muramvya, where it turns east around the north of the town. Just east of Muramvya it powers the Gikonge Hydroelectric Power Station. It continues southeast and then east to the border with Gitega Province, defining the Muramvya-Gitega border for some distance. It flows northeast through Gitega Province past Murongwe to join the Ruvubu River.

## Environment

The surroundings of the lower Mubarazi are a mosaic of agricultural land and natural vegetation. The area is densely populated, with 369 inhabitants per square kilometer. Savannah climate prevails in the area. The average annual temperature in the area is 20 °C (68 °F). The warmest month is August, when the average temperature is 22 °C (72 °F), and the coldest is April, with 18 °C (64 °F). Average annual rainfall is 1,149 millimetres (45.2 in). The wettest month is December, with an average of 175 millimetres (6.9 in) of precipitation , and the driest is July, with 1 millimetre (0.039 in) of precipitation.

## Natural regions

The catchment area of the upper section of the river is in the Mugamba natural region and Bututsi natural region, and includes tributaries such as the Karuyenzi and Kigezi rivers. It slopes steeply down the Congo-Nile ridge to the central plateau, where it slows down. Downstream it flows through the Kirimiro natural region. In its lower section it is joined by the Munyinya river. This region is heavily cultivated. An irrigation dam on the river contains the Mubarazi-Kaniga rice marshes, which cover about 130 hectares (320 acres) and can produce almost 1,000 tons of rice.

## Events

In July 2016 Jean Bigirimana, an investigative journalist with Iwacu, was arrested by agents thought to be from the National Intelligence Agency and disappeared. In August that year, two bodies in advanced decomposition were found in the Mubarazi River near the place where Bigirimana went missing. However, his wife confirmed that neither was Bigirimana.
In December 2019 heavy rains caused the Mubarazi River to break its banks and flood roads and crops.
# Pascal Richard (skeleton racer)

Pascal Richard (born 1972) is a Canadian skeleton racer who competed from the late 1990s to 2002. He finished 15th in the men's skeleton event at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.
At the FIBT World Championships, Richard earned his best finish of 14th in the men's skeleton event at Igls in 2000. He retired after the 2002 games in Salt Lake City.
# Menzies' echymipera

Menzies' echymipera (Echymipera echinista), or Menzies' spiny bandicoot or Fly River bandicoot, is a species of marsupial in the family Peramelidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea.
# Zlatopil, Novomyrhorod

Zlatopil (Ukrainian: Златопіль), also known by the Russian transliteration Zlatopol, was a small city in Ukraine, located about 67 km northwest of Kropyvnytskyi.

## History

The name of this village before 1787 was Hulajpol. During the partitions of Poland many residents of the town resettled near the Sea of Azov establishing another town of Huliaipole. In ХІХ century Zlatopol was the center of Zlatopol volost, Chigirinsky Uyezd, Kiev Governorate. In 1923–1959 Zlatopil was an administrative center of Zlatopil Raion. Since 1959 it is part of Novomyrhorod city.
Before the Holocaust, Zlatopil was a prosperous Jewish shtetl. There was also a gymnasium (school) for rich people in Zlatopil. Some Jews of Zlatopil served in the Russian army during World War I and suffered under the pogroms of 1918–1920. Those who remained in Zlatopil were killed in August 1941. After World War II the Jews who survived in the Red Army returned to Zlatopil and buried the Jews of Zlatopil in a common grave in the old Jewish cemetery of Zlatopil. Today there are almost no Jews in Zlatopil.
Some of the most famous Jewish families of Zlatopol are: Brody, Rabbi Nachman of Breslov, rabbis Elijah and Hillel Poisic, (the composer) Pokrass, and Zola.

## Notable people

* Anna Bilińska (1857–1893) Polish painter
* Lazar Brodsky (1848–1904) Imperial Russian businessman of Jewish origin, sugar magnate
* Władysław Godik (1882–1952) Polish-Jewish singer and director
* Alexander Myshlayevsky (1856–1920) Imperial Russian general
* Hillel Poisic (1881–1953) Imperial Russian rabbi
* Milly Witkop (1877–1955) Imperial Russian anarcho-syndicalist of Jewish origin, feminist writer and activist

## Gallery

* Parochial church in Zlatopil
* Built in 1891 the Zlatopil male gymnasium in 2012
* Entrance to Jewish cemetery in 2012
# Queen Louise's Children's Hospital

Queen Louise's Children's Hospital (Danish: Dronning Louises Børnehospital) was a hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark from 1879 to 1971. It was named for and supported by Louise of Hesse-Kassel.
# Dachne, Sudak Municipality

Dachne (Ukrainian: Дачне; Russian: Дачное) is a village in the Sudak Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.
Previously, the settlement was known as the Taraktash village (Crimean Tatar: Taraq Taş). Following the forced deportation of the Crimean Tatars in 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR published a decree on May 18, 1948 renaming the settlement along with many others throughout Crimea from their native Crimean Tatar names to their current variants.
Dachne is located on Crimea's southern shore at an elevation of 69 metres (226 ft). Its population was 2,454 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population: 2,628 (2014 Census).
# Upamanyu

Upamanyu (Sanskrit: उपमन्यु, romanized: Upamanyu, lit. 'zealous') is a rishi (sage) in Hinduism, best known for being a devotee of the deity Shiva, and being the leader of the ganas (Gāṇamtya).
He is said to be the father or ancestor of the sage Kamboja Aupamanyava referred to in the Vamsa Brahmana (1.18) of the Sama Veda.

## Legend

In the Shiva Purana, Upamanyu is stated to be the son of Sage Vyāghrapāda. Once, he drank his fill of milk at his uncle's ashrama, and urged his mother to offer him milk as well. Dejected that she could not offer her son milk because of their family's poverty, she offered him a milk substitute instead, which he rejected. Upamanyu's mother then told him to devote himself to Shiva, who would grant him what he wished. The boy resolved to perform a penance to Shiva to ask for an ocean of milk, to which his mother offered her consent. He travelled to the Himalayas, where he built a lingam and started to chant the Panchaksharam. He was harassed by a number of ghosts sent by Marichi, but was resolute. Upamanyu's penance was so powerful that he started to cause Devaloka to burn. The devas hastened to Vaikuntha to inform Vishnu, who in turn brought these tidings to Shiva. Shiva assumed the disguise of Indra and visited the boy, asking him to seek a boon of his choice. Upamanyu chose to be devoted to Shiva as his boon. Shiva asked Upamanyu to abandon him, and made a number of disparaging remarks against himself. Infuriated, Upamanyu chanted the Panchaksharam, cupped some ash, and hurled it at Shiva. The Aghorāstra he hurled was gently extinguished by Shiva, and the latter assumed his true form. Greatly pleased, Shiva offered his devotee all the milk he desired, and endowed him with sacred rites and knowledge.
# Qaderabad, Taybad

Qaderabad (Persian: قادراباد, also Romanized as Qāderābād; also known as Qal‘eh-ye Hendū) is a village in Dasht-e Taybad Rural District, Miyan Velayat District, Taybad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 107, in 27 families.
# Jhaudanga Union

Jhaudanga (Bengali: ঝাউডাঙ্গা) is a Union Parishad under Satkhira Sadar Upazila of Satkhira District in the division of Khulna, Bangladesh.
# William Simmons (politician)

William Charles Simmons (February 28, 1865 – August 24, 1956) was a Canadian politician and judge from Alberta.

## Early life

William Charles Simmons was born on February 28, 1865, in the farming community of Tara, Canada West, to William Simmons and Jane Wilson. Simmons attended the University of Toronto and completed a Bachelor of Arts in 1895. Simmons married Mary W. Wilson on August 7, 1899, and moved west to Alberta to become a principal in Lethbridge. Simmons resigned from teaching to article with R. B. Bennett in Calgary and passed the bar in the North-West Territories on August 12, 1900. Simmons was employed as a Crown prosecutor in Lethbridge from 1903 to 1904.

## Political life

Simmons was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1906 to 1908 for the Alberta Liberal Party. He was elected in a by-election after Leverett DeVeber was appointed to the Senate of Canada. He resigned in 1908 to run for the House of Commons of Canada for Medicine Hat. He was defeated by the former Northwest Territories MLA Charles Alexander Magrath.

## Alberta Supreme Court

Simmons was appointed to the Supreme Court of Alberta on October 12, 1910, and was appointed the Chief Justice on August 27, 1924.
# Robert Davison (figure skater)

Robert Davison (born January 7, 1978) is a Canadian former competitive pair skater. With partner Pascale Bergeron, he placed 6th at the 2005 Four Continents Championships and won the silver medals at the 2003 Finlandia Trophy and the 2003 & 2004 Nebelhorn Trophy. Before teaming up with Bergeron, Davison competed with Keridawn Thomson.
Davison was born in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

## Competitive highlights

(with Bergeron)
| Event | 2001-2002 | 2002-2003 | 2003-2004 | 2004-2005 |
| Four Continents Championships | | | | 6th |
| Canadian Championships | 7th | 5th | 6th | 5th |
| Skate Canada International | | | | 8th |
| Nebelhorn Trophy | | | 2nd | 2nd |
| Finlandia Trophy | | 4th | 2nd | |
# Scott G. Borg

Scott G. Borg is an American geologist and civil servant. Since 1 September 2017 he has been the Deputy Assistant Director of the Directorate for Geosciences at the United States' National Science Foundation (NSF).

## Education

Borg graduated from Pomona College with a B.A. in geology, and earned M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Arizona State University, where his doctoral dissertation was titled Granitoids of Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica (Tectonics, Neodymium-isotopes, Geochemistry, Petrology, Strontium-isotopes).

## Career

He began his career as a researcher at the University of California at Berkeley. He later worked for the United States Department of Energy, and subsequently joined the staff of the National Science Foundation. Between 2003 and 2016 he was director of the Division of Antarctic Sciences at the National Science Foundation, and in 2016-17 he served as the acting Section Head for Antarctic Infrastructure and Logistics (AIL) within the National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs. In 2017, he began serving as associate director for geosciences at the National Science Foundation.

## Research expeditions

Borg has participated in a total of six research expeditions to Antarctica, four of which he has led. During a 1978–1979 expedition in which he participated, the Sagehen Nunataks were first visited, receiving their name from the Pomona Sagehens, athletic moniker of Borg's alma mater Pomona College. During the same expedition, Borg named Tongue Peak, choosing the name from a tongue-shaped moraine on the peak.

## Awards and honors

In 1994, Borg Bastion, the summit on Johns Hopkins Ridge, was named in his honor. Borg has received the Samuel J. Heyman Medal from the Partnership for Public Service and been decorated with the Presidential Rank Award of Distinguished Executive. In 2014, United States Representative Gerald Connolly read a statement of recognition into the Congressional Record in which he credited Borg with overseeing "the development of clean drilling technology that retrieved the first-ever pure water samples from an Antarctic lake a half mile below the surface of ice sheet ... [which] may enable researchers to understand what types of life can survive on other worlds".
# 2nd Miyakibashevo

2nd Miyakibashevo (Russian: 2-е Миякибашево; Bashkir: 2-се Миәкәбаш, 2-se Miäkäbaş) is a rural locality (a village) in Miyakibashevsky Selsoviet of Miyakinsky District, Russia. The population was 56 as of 2010.

## Geography

2nd Miyakibashevo is located 20 km northeast of Kirgiz-Miyaki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mayak is the nearest rural locality.

## Ethnicity

The village is inhabited by Bashkirs and other.

## Streets

* Tsentralnaya
# Gaikwad (surname)

Gaikwad is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ruturaj Gaikwad (born 1997), Indian cricketer
* Varsha Gaikwad (born 1975), Indian politician
# Nur al-Din Bimaristan

Nur al-Din Bimaristan (Arabic: البيمارستان النوري) is a large Muslim medieval bimaristan ("hospital") in Damascus, Syria. It is located in the al-Hariqa quarter in the old walled city, to the southwest of the Umayyad Mosque. It was built and named after the Zengid Sultan Nur ad-Din in 1154, and later on an extension was added to the main building in 1242 by a physician Badr al-Din. It was restored in 1975 and now houses the Museum of Medicine and Science in the Arab World.
Constructed in two phases the first construction phase was commissioned by Nur al-Din in 1154 CE and the second phase was about 90 years later and was commissioned by a physician, Badr al-Din, circa 1242 CE. It was renovated in 1975 and a small museum was established here.
# Jim Regan (rugby)

James Regan (fl. 1939) was a Welsh rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Cardiff RFC, as a hooker, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for Huddersfield, as a hooker.

## International honours

Jim Regan won a cap for Wales (RL) while at Huddersfield in 1939.
# Stefan Hirniak

Stefan Max Hirniak (born February 5, 1985) is a swimmer from Canada, who mostly competes in the freestyle and butterfly events. He claimed a bronze medal (4 × 200 m freestyle relay) at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
At the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi Hirniak won bronze in the 200 m butterfly during the first day of competition.
# Platycheirus fulviventris

Platycheirus fulviventris is a Palearctic species of hoverfly. It is found in many parts of Britain and Europe.

## Description

External images For terms, see: Morphology of Diptera. Femora 1 has dense black hairs along entire length. Tibia 1 is abruptly widened at mid-length, then parallel-sided to the tip. See references for determination.

## Distribution

Palearctic: Fennoscandia south to Iberia and the Mediterranean basin, Ireland east through Northern Europe, Central Europe and Southern Europe into Turkey and European Russia and on to Siberia and the Russian Far East to the Pacific coast.

## Biology

Habitat: marsh, fen, river margins of rivers and ditches in farmland. Flies May to August.
# Sonidero

In Mexican popular culture, a sonidero is a disc jockey, engineer or entertainer that plays recorded music in public, mainly cumbia, salsa, guaracha and their subgenres. The term includes professionals, semiprofessionals and amateur audio, light and video equipment owners (the sonido) used to organize or participate in public dancing events (also called sonidero events) and all the communities behind this urban culture, the sonidero movement.
Some of its distinctive features are the reproduction of recorded music from Latin genres such as cumbia, salsa, bachata and guaracha, over which the sonidero sends shout-outs and messages to the public simultaneously with the music playing. The advertising and identity of the sounds has its own aesthetic, which is used to announce events permanently in urban spaces in Mexico. In addition to street performances, sonidos are hired for private parties. Likewise sonidero has a strong relationship with Colombian symbols and cultural expressions such as cumbia and vallenato. Sonidero honors Colombian heritage including using names of Colombian cities in their names and the flag of Colombia in their symbols and promotions.
There is no exact source of the sonidero movement tracing the appearance of sonidos in areas such as Tepito, San Juan de Aragón and Peñón de los Baños —named for this reason Colombia Chiquita – and Tacubaya in the mid-20th century. In addition to Mexico City and Greater Mexico City, sonidos and sonideros are present throughout Mexico and United States due to Mexican immigrant communities.
# Battle of Grynau

The Battle of Grynau in 1337 was the concluding battle in the Grynau war between the Old Swiss Confederacy and its Imperial city Zurich against a noble army under the leadership of Count Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg). The result was a Zurich victory.

## History

The place of the battle, the castle Grynau, secured one of the few crossings over the Linth between Lake Zurich and Walensee and was therefore a strategically important place. In 1311 the castle was placed under the control of The Count Of Habsburg-Laufenburg (1270-1314), but was also claimed by the Counts of Toggenburg.
The new mayor Rudolf Brun banished 22 noble councilors and their families from the city after his political reorganization. They found support in the surrounding nobility houses, which felt threatened by the rise of the city of Zurich.
The fugitives came under Count Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg) in Rapperswil, who also took the lead in this fight because of his own debts. He was indebted to both the city and some of the exiles. Under his protection, the exterminated constituted a counter-government of the "outer Zurich" in Rapperswil, and began to make excursions through the subject area of the city of Zurich. The aim was to overthrow the new government of Zurich. Count Johann was a mercenary during these years.
Against the opponents of the new Rapperswiler city government was several times proceeded, as can be concluded from an above-average number of (probably politically motivated) executions and, for example, a ban on assembly.
Zurich, too, sought restraint with allies, and found it with Count Kraft III of Toggenburg, who endeavored to take a profitable position between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the Habsburgs and who was in conflict with Johann I because of Grynau. As early as 1327, Zurich had already concluded a Burgrecht with the Count, who was also the protector of the Zurich Grossmünster.
The abbot Konrad I was known to Brun, and he sympathized with the cause of the Zurichers and recognized their constitutional changes.