OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Upper Senegal and Niger

Upper Senegal and Niger (French: Haut Sénégal et Niger) was a colony in French West Africa, created on 21 October 1904 from colonial Senegambia and Niger by the decree "For the Reorganisation of the general government of French West Africa".
At its creation, the "Colony of Upper Senegal and Niger" contained the old territories of Upper Senegal, the Middle Niger, and the military Niger territory. Its capital was Bamako.

## History

From early on Upper Senegal and Niger was wracked by violence in the face of colonial reorganization and taxation. Most notable were the Kobkitanda rebellion, led by the blind cleric Alfa Saibou, and the Karma revolt (December 1905–March 1906) of Oumarou Karma. The latter engulfed much of the Niger valley and was suppressed by four French columns arriving from Dori, Gao, Tahoua, and Zinder.
A decree of 2 March 1907 added the cercles of Fada N'gourma and Say, which had been part of the colony of French Dahomey (present-day Benin). On 1 January 1912, the military territory of Niger was split off from Upper Senegal and Niger, and was erected into a colony in 1922.
Between November 1915 and February 1917, the Colony of Upper Senegal and Niger witnessed vastly popular, temporarily successful, and sustained armed opposition to the colonial government in its western Volta region, which is referred to as the Volta-Bani War. It challenged colonial government authority for more than a year in an area stretching from Koudougou (in present-day Burkina Faso) in the east, to the banks of the Bani River (present-day Mali) in the west. This was the most significant armed opposition to colonial authority organized anywhere in sub-Saharan Africa in the period preceding World War II.

### Division

After World War I ended, the unsuspected success of this resistance movement caused the French authorities to issue the decree "Concerning the Division of the Colony of Upper Senegal and Niger and the Creation of the Colony of Upper Volta" of 1 March 1919, which divided the colony into two distinct units:
* French Upper Volta, formed from the cercles of Gaoua, Bobo-Dioulasso, Dédougou, Ouagadougou, Dori, Say, and Fada N'Gourma;
* the remaining territory – present-day Mali – was still called "Upper Senegal and Niger" until it was renamed "French Sudan" on 1 January 1921, implementing the decree of 4 December 1920, "For the Denomination of the Colonies and Territories Composing the General Government of French West Africa."

### Stamps

The colony of Upper Senegal and Niger is perhaps remembered most often by philatelists since it issued a number of postage stamps during its existence.
# Șoarș

Șoarș (German: Scharosch bei Fogarasch; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: Schursch; Hungarian: Sáros) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Bărcuț, Felmer, Rodbav, Seliștat, and Șoarș. Each village has a fortified church.
| In Romanian | In German | In Hungarian |
| Bărcuț | Bekokten | Báránykút |
| Felmer | Felmern | Felmér |
| Rodbav | Rohrbach | Nádpatak |
| Seliștat | Seligstadt | Boldogváros |
| Șoarș | Scharosch bei Fogarasch | Sáros |

## Geography

The commune lies within the southern reaches of the Transylvanian Plateau. The river Hârtibaciu flows through the village of Bărcuț; its left tributary, Valea Morii, flows through the village of Seliștat.
Șoarș is located in the northwestern part of the county, 14 km (8.7 mi) north of Făgăraș, on the border with Sibiu County. The county seat, Brașov, is some 80 km (50 mi) to the southeast.

## History

In October 1916, Șoarș was the site of the Battle of Báránykút, where a German offensive was successfully repulsed by the Romanian Second Army during the Battle of Transylvania in World War I.

## Economy

The Rodbav gas field is situated on the territory of the commune. It was discovered in 1935 and began production in 1938.

## Natives

* Ion Mușlea [ro] (1899–1966), folklorist.
# Vodafone Turkey

Vodafone Telekomünikasyon Anonim Şirketi or Vodafone Turkey (Turkish: Vodafone Türkiye) is a Turkish mobile telecommunications company. It was formed when Telsim, which was founded by the Uzan Group, was incorporated into Vodafone on 28 December 2005. On 24 May 2006 Telsim brand name was changed into Vodafone Turkey. Incorporated by the Vodafone, one of the biggest international mobile communication companies of the world in terms of revenues, Vodafone Turkey is the second-biggest mobile communication company of Turkey with 20.6 million users as of 11 November 2014, an increase of 105,000 customers from the fourth quarter of 2011. As the second biggest direct international investment of Turkey, the total investment of Vodafone Turkey, including the acquisitions, since 2006 has exceeded TL 11 billion.
Vodafone Turkey operates in 81 cities of Turkey with its approximately more than 3300 employees, more than 1200 stores, 23 thousand points of sale and a stakeholder family of 53 thousand people..
Vodafone Turkey also provides IPTV service in Turkey.
# Netherton

Netherton is the name of several places:

## England

* Netherton, Cornwall, a hamlet
* Netherton, Farway, a manor house in Devon
* Netherton, Hampshire
* Netherton, Merseyside
* Netherton, Northumberland
* Netherton, Oxfordshire
* Netherton, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire
* Netherton, Teignbridge, a location in Devon
* Netherton, West Midlands
** Netherton Tunnel Branch Canal
* West Yorkshire
** Netherton, Kirklees
** Netherton, Wakefield
* Netherton, Worcestershire

## Scotland

* Netherton, Glasgow
* Netherton, North Lanarkshire
* Netherton, Stirling

## New Zealand

* Netherton, New Zealand, a locality in Waikato Region
# Bung, Nepal

Bung (Nepali: बुङ्) is a village development committee in Solukhumbu District in the Sagarmatha Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3368 people living in 737 individual households. At the 2011 census, the population of Bung was 4520 inhabitants (2247 male) in 982 individual households. Bung lies in the Himalaya mountains, 54 km South of Mount Everest and is bordered by the Hunku Drangka (East). Gudel lies on the other side of the valley of Bung.

## Villages and Hamlets

Bung consists of several settlements and Hamlets. The most important ones are:
* Bung (1,800 m 27°30′47″N 86°49′54″E﻿ / ﻿27.513031°N 86.831622°E﻿ / 27.513031; 86.831622﻿ (Bung))
* Chambaling Gompa (2,530 m 27°32′30″N 86°48′54″E﻿ / ﻿27.541591°N 86.815078°E﻿ / 27.541591; 86.815078﻿ (Chambaling Gompa))
* Khiraule (2,460 m 27°32′30″N 86°48′54″E﻿ / ﻿27.541676°N 86.814988°E﻿ / 27.541676; 86.814988﻿ (Khiraule))
* Surke (2,960 m 27°33′52″N 86°48′48″E﻿ / ﻿27.564390°N 86.813271°E﻿ / 27.564390; 86.813271﻿ (Surke))
# George McQuibban

George Alexander McQuibban (September 2, 1886 – January 30, 1937) was a physician and political figure in Ontario. A Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, he represented Wellington Northeast from 1926 to 1934 and Wellington North from 1934 to his death in 1937.
He was born in Ingersoll, the son of James McQuibban and Helen Robertson, and was educated in Harriston and at the University of Toronto. He set up practice in Alma in partnership with his brother James.
# George Wellesley Hamilton

George Wellesley Hamilton (1846–1915) was an Ontario political figure. He represented Prescott in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative member from 1871 to 1874.
He was born in Hawkesbury in Canada West in 1846, the grandson of George Hamilton. He studied at Bishop's College in Lennoxville, Trinity College in Toronto and Oriel College at Oxford. He served as a lieutenant in the local militia.

## Electoral history

vte1871 Ontario general election: Prescott :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | George Wellesley Hamilton | 853 | 54.26 |
| | Liberal | James P. Boyd | 719 | 45.74 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,572 | 75.61 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 2,079 |
| Election voided |||||||||
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
vteOntario provincial by-election, December 1871: Prescott Previous election voided :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | George Wellesley Hamilton | Acclaimed |
| Source: History of the Electoral Districts, Legislatures and Ministries of the Province of Ontario$^{:311}$ |||||||
# Stevens House (Queens)

The Stevens House was located on Vernon Boulevard and 30th Road in the Astoria neighborhood of Queens in New York City.
The Stevens House is a large wood-frame house set on a stone foundation featuring a porch supported by brick piers. The original house "stood on the top of a hill, from which there was an extensive view of the East River or Sound, which before the channel was freed from its many obstructions was most picturesque with its ever-changing, whirling, eddying currents."

## History

The house was built as a country residence by General Ebenezer Stevens, who named it Mount Napoleon, which was later shortened to "The Mount." Stevens purchased the land from the Hallett family not long after the American Revolutionary War. Stevens was the father of banker John Austin Stevens and surgeon Alexander Hodgdon Stevens, and the grandfather of historian John Austin Stevens (who founded the Sons of the Revolution), and the great-great-grandfather of activist Eugenie Mary Ladenburg Davie.
During the War of 1812, Stevens hosted New York City mayor DeWitt Clinton (the former U.S. Senator from New York and later the 6th Governor of New York) and several other prominent military figures at the house on July 14, 1813, for the inauguration of the military works for the protection against the British located at Hallett's Point (known as Fort Stevens in his honor).
Stevens' son Byam Kerby Stevens (who married the daughter of Albert Gallatin) inherited the house. Gallatin himself died at the home in 1849. The house was later inherited by Stevens' son, Byam Kerby Stevens Jr., a banker who was prominent member of New York society during the Gilded Age.
# Tübän Sasna

Tübän Sasna (Tatar: Түбән Сасна, romanized: Tübän Sasna) is a rural locality (a selo) in Baltaç District, Tatarstan. The population was 1050 as of 2010. Tübän Sasna is located 5 km from Baltaç, district's administrative centre, and 108 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road. The earliest known record of the settlement dates from 1619. There are 11 streets in the village.
# Gordon Innes (politician)

Gordon William Innes (February 6, 1917 – June 30, 1981) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1955 to 1963 and then again from 1967 to 1971. He represented the riding of Oxford.

## Background

Prior to his election, Innes was a holstein cattle breeder and judge in Oxford County. In 1972, Innes and his Cityview Farm operation was recognized as a "Master Breeder" by the Holstein Canada.
Innes died in 1981 and is buried in the Oxford Memorial Park, just outside Woodstock, Ontario.

## Politics

In 1955, Innes ran as the Liberal candidate in the riding of Oxford. He defeated Progressive Conservative incumbent Thomas Dent by 555 votes. He was re-elected in the general election in 1959. In 1963, he was defeated by the PC candidate Gordon Pittock but turned around and defeated Pittock during the subsequent general election in 1967. In 1971, he was defeated by PC candidate Harry Parrott, and he retired from public life.
# Reinhold

Reinhold is a German, male given name, originally composed of two elements. The first is from regin, meaning "the (German)Gods" or as an emphatic prefix (very) and wald meaning "powerful". The second element having been reinterpreted as hold meaning "loyal" in the 16th century.
This name was popularised by the ancient German hero figure known as Reinhold von Meilan from The Dietrich Saga. As well as Reinhold von Montalban (The Four Sons of Aymon), who ultimately also became Saint Reinhold von Köln.
The -h- is recorded in the Dietrich von Bern legendary figure Reinholt van Meilan who was the only one spared the slaughter at Erminrich's castle due to his loyalty to Dietrich. Hence with the addition of the -h- the etymology is interpreted as the emphatic prefix regn- with hold, apparently meaning "solemnly loyal".
This name was brought to the British Isles by Viking conquerors, in the form of the Old Norse Rögnvaldr. In the 11th century, the Normans further established this name as Reinald and Reynaud. There are other spelling variations of this name, but all have the same etymological Germanic origin.
Cognate to English Reynold, Ronald, French Renault, Italian Rinaldo, Scandinavian Ragnvald, and Spanish Reynaldo.

## Notable people with the surname include

* Erasmus Reinhold, 16th-century German astronomer; the lunar crater Reinhold is named after him
* Hagen Reinhold (born 1978), German politician
* Hugo Reinhold (1854–1935), Austrian composer and pianist
* Judge Reinhold (born 1957), American actor
* Karl Leonhard Reinhold (1757–1823), 18th-/19th-century Austrian philosopher
* Karolin Braunsberger-Reinhold (born 1986), German politician
* Meyer Reinhold (1909–2002), American classical scholar
* Johann Heinrich Carl Reinhold (1788–1825), German painter and engraver
* Christa L. Deeleman-Reinhold (born 1930), Dutch arachnologist

## People with the given name include

* Reinhold Einwallner (born 1973), Austrian politician
* Reinhold "Dan" Fielding, fictional character in the TV series Night Court
* Reinhold Glière (1875–1956), Russian and Soviet composer
* Reinhold Hanning (1921 – 2017) – Germany (Poland) – Auschwitz death camp SS guard
* Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald (1803–1882), Estonian writer
* Reinhold Lahti (1930–2002), Swedish Army major general
* Reinhold Messner (born 1944), Italian mountaineer
* Reinhold Mitterlehner (born 1955), Austrian politician
* Reinhold Niebuhr (1892–1971), American theologian, public intellectual, and commentator
* Reinhold Richard "Reince" Priebus (born 1972), American lawyer, former White House Chief of Staff for U.S. President Donald J. Trump
* Reinhold Remmert (1930–2016), German mathematician
* Reinhold Saulmann (1895–1936), Estonian Olympic sprinter
* Reinhold Thiessenhusen (1864–1930), American politician
* Reinhold Tiling (1893–1933), German engineer, pilot and rocket pioneer
* Reinhold Würth (born 1935), German businessman
* Reinhold Weege (1949–2012), American television writer, producer and director
# Ethiopian Patriots' Victory Day

The Ethiopian Patriots' Victory Day (Amharic: የአርበኞች ድል ቀን), also called Meyazia 27, is a national holiday in Ethiopia celebrating on 5 May in commemoration of the Ethiopian resistance movement Arbegnoch victory over Italian five years occupation of Ethiopia, and the return of Emperor Haile Selassie to the throne in 1941.
In Addis Ababa, government leaders, diplomats, members of Ethiopian Patriotic Association, and city residents pay tribute to Ethiopian veterans serving in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–1937) and honor with laying a wreath into memorial monuments across the city. Parades by the Ethiopian Police Orchestra Brass Band occur to mark the occasion.
# Hamilton Parke O'Connor

Hamilton Parke O'Connor, QC (November 10, 1844 – September 13, 1900) was an Ontario lawyer and political figure. He represented Bruce South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1882 to 1894 as a Liberal member.
He was born in London, Canada West in 1844, the son of Hamilton Bligh O'Connor. He qualified to practice as an attorney in 1867 and was called to the bar in 1878. In 1875, he married Jane Watkins McLean. O'Connor served as mayor of Walkerton in 1880 and 1881. He was elected to the provincial assembly in an 1882 by-election held after Rupert Mearse Wells was elected to the House of Commons. In 1890, he was named Queen's Counsel. He died in 1900.
# Béziers Cap d'Agde Airport

Béziers Cap d'Agde Airport (French: Aéroport Béziers Cap d'Agde) (IATA: BZR, ICAO: LFMU) is an airport serving the town of Béziers and nearby Languedoc coastal resorts including Cap d'Agde. It is 11.5 km (6.2 NM) southeast of Béziers, near Vias in the Hérault department.

## History

Because of its comparatively short runway measuring 1,820 m × 30 m (5,971 ft × 98 ft), the airport was unable to benefit from the growth of low-cost flights that had fuelled expansion at other airports in the region (Carcassonne, Perpignan, Montpellier and Nîmes). For some years there were plans to extend the runway and this work was finally carried out between November 2006 and February 2007. The new runway is now capable of handling the Boeing 737-sized jets favoured by low-cost carriers. Facilities are limited, with departure capacity just capable to accommodate passengers for two Boeing 737s, using the two gates.
After a runway expansion completed in 2007, daily direct flights to Paris Orly and seasonal services to Bastia were augmented by Ryanair flights to and from Bristol International Airport, which commenced March 2008. On 24 March 2008, it was announced that during the summer months Ryanair flights would also operate to and from London Stansted with a possibility of being extended should they prove successful. Further flights from Béziers to London Luton Airport were announced in June 2008 and these commenced twice a week from October 2008.

## Facilities

The airport resides at an elevation of 56 feet (17 m) above mean sea level. It has one paved runway designated 09/27 with an asphalt surface measuring 2,000 by 45 metres (6,562 ft × 148 ft) The runway is equipped with ILS. Both local trains and TGV pass directly beside the terminal but do not stop as there is no airport station.

## Airlines and destinations

The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Béziers Cap d'Agde Airport:
| Airlines | Destinations |
| Ryanair | Beauvais, Charleroi, London–Luton Seasonal: Bristol, Edinburgh, London–Stansted, Manchester, Shannon, Stockholm–Arlanda, Weeze |
# Harry Hyland Hyndman

Harry Harland Hyndman (January 31, 1920 – August 28, 1963) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He represented Bracondale in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1945 to 1948 as a Progressive Conservative.
The son of Henry Harland Hyndman, a lawyer, he was born in Edmonton, Alberta and was educated at Osgoode Hall Law School. He was a nephew of Alberta lawyer, judge and politician James Hyndman. Hyndman was a lieutenant in the Royal Canadian Navy, who served during World War II and retired in 1945.
After leaving politics, he worked as a journalist for the Oshawa Times. Hyndman died suddenly in Montreal at the age of 43.
# Laligurans Municipality

Laligurans (Nepali: लालीगुराँस) is a municipality located in Terhathum District in the Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. After the government announcement, the municipality was established on 19 September 2015 by merging the existing Basantapur, Phulek, Dangpa, Sungnam and Solma village development committees (VDCs). The center of the municipality is established in Basantpur. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census after merging the five VDCs population it had a total population of 16,934 persons. After the government decision the number of municipalities has reached 217 in Nepal.

## Demographics

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Laligurans Municipality had a population of 17,000. Of these, 51.4% spoke Nepali, 29.8% Limbu, 6.1% Magar, 4.3% Gurung, 3.0% Rai, 1.9% Tamang, 1.4% Newar, 0.7% Sherpa, 0.3% Maithili, 0.3% Yakkha, 0.1% Hindi and 0.3% other languages as their first language.
In terms of ethnicity/caste, 32.4% were Limbu, 29.7% Chhetri, 7.7% Gurung, 6.4% Hill Brahmin, 6.4% Magar, 3.8% Rai, 2.5% Damai/Dholi, 2.2% Newar, 2.2% Tamang, 2.0% Kami, 1.0% Sherpa, 0.9% Gharti/Bhujel, 0.6% Sarki, 0.5% Badi, 0.5% Yakkha, 0.3% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.3% Thakuri, 0.1% Teli, 0.1% Tharu and 0.5% others.
In terms of religion, 50.7% were Hindu, 30.6% Kirati, 16.8% Buddhist and 1.8% Christian.
In terms of literacy, 75.7% could read and write, 2.0% could only read and 22.3% could neither read nor write.

## Tourism

Basantpur is a major tourist place to watch mountains and interesting place surrounding it. Rich Limbu culture attract tourist to reside there. Lasune is one of the most important attractive place for internal and external tourism. Lasune Bazar, Lasun Stamba, Tea Garden, Patle Pokhari, Kala Pani, Tinjure Hill, Rat Pokhari, Kesari Taar, Dhap Taar etc. are naturally beautiful places .
# Henry Sloane Cooper

Henry Sloane Cooper (September 12, 1888 – 1970) was an Ontario embroidery manufacturer and political figure. He represented Toronto Northwest in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from October 20, 1919, to May 10, 1923, as a Liberal member.

## Biography

He was born in the village of Davisville, Ontario, the son of Hugh Cooper and Eliza Sloane, and educated in Toronto and at the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph.
Cooper served as an officer, rising to captain, in the 3rd Battalion (Toronto Regiment), CEF during World War I. He enlisted at CFB Valcartier on 23 September 1914, and received a Military Cross and Bar during his service.
# Herbert Stone MacDonald

Herbert Stone MacDonald (February 23, 1842 – January 8, 1921) was an Ontario lawyer, judge and political figure. He represented Leeds South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative member from 1871 to 1873.

## Biography

He was born in Gananoque on February 23, 1842, and attended Queen's University. He studied law, first articling with Albert Norton Richards, was called to the bar in 1863 and practiced law in Brockville. In 1864, he married Emma Matilda, the daughter of David Jones. He was a lieutenant in the local militia. MacDonald was a member of the Orange Order, serving as grand master for Ontario East. He introduced a bill in 1873 to incorporate the Orange Order, which was passed in the legislature but the Lieutenant Governor, William Pearce Howland, held the bill for consideration by the federal parliament and it was replaced by a later more general bill in 1874. In October 1873, MacDonald resigned his seat in the legislative assembly to become junior judge in the county court for Leeds and Grenville. In 1878, he was named senior judge in the county court. He served on the council for Trinity College, Toronto and as director for Bishop Ridley College and the Brockville General Hospital.

## Electoral history

vte1871 Ontario general election: Leeds South :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Herbert Stone MacDonald | Acclaimed |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
# Delmi Tucker

Delmi Tucker (born 5 March 1997) is a South African cricketer who plays for Western Province, Duchesses and South Africa. She made her international debut for South Africa in June 2022.

## Career

Tucker attended Hoërskool Menlopark school in Pretoria, where she played hockey and cricket. Tucker went on to play hockey for Northerns, before turning her focus to cricket.
Tucker was part of the South Africa Emerging squad that played against Zimbabwe in May 2021. He all-round performance helped South Africa take an unassailable 3–0 lead in the five-match series. In September 2021, Tucker was again named in the South Africa Emerging squad, this time to play eight matches against Thailand during their tour of South Africa and Zimbabwe.
In May 2022, Tucker earned her maiden call-up to the national team for their tour to Ireland. She was named in South Africa's Women's One Day International (WODI) and Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) squads following a strong performance in domestic cricket, where she had scored more than 400 runs and taken 15 wickets. Tucker made her WODI debut on 11 June 2022, for South Africa against Ireland, however she was not required to bat or bowl. Tucker made her WT20I debut on 21 July 2022, also during South Africa's series against England. Also in July 2022, Tucker was added to South Africa's team for the cricket tournament at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England.
# Graeme Hall (weightlifter)

Graeme Hall (9 February 1942 – 4 February 2015) was an Australian weightlifter. He competed in the men's middle heavyweight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics.