OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ghoufi

Ghoufi, also known as the Rhoufi, Balconies of Ghoufi and the Ghoufi Canyon, is a historic settlement and tourist site in the village of T'kout in Batna Province, Algeria. The canyon, located in the Aures Mountains and Abiod River Valley,was carved by the Abiod River and stretches for 3 to 4 kilometers. The site is remarkable for the Balconies of Ghoufi, which overlook an oasis.
The Ghoufi balcony ruins include troglodyte homes or domesticated cave dwellings. The homes are carved out of metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, including sandstone. The home are four centuries old and were inhabited until the 1970s. The ruins preserve traditional and indigenous construction methods.
Ghoufi is included as part of the Parc des Aurès on UNESCO's Tentative List of World Heritage Sites.

## Geology and Geography

The Abiod River (Ighzir Amellal) has cut a long canyon across the region from Tifelfel to M'Chouneche of North Africa. Along the route of the canyon, for a stretch of approximately three to four kilometers, one can find orchards of fruit trees and palm trees, silhouetted against high cliffs, some of which can reach a height of 200 metres or more depending on the area. Situated along the national road, the village of Ghoufi is located in close proximity to the canyon, on the northern cliff, overlooking an oasis.
Ghoufi features a number of ancient, uninhabited residences carved in cascades in the rock. Situated in each balcony bend is a village, with a taqliath placed in its middle. These taqliaths are multi-storey buildings consisting of several rooms, used to store crops and provisions. The villages clinging to the cliffface include Hitesla, Idharene, Ath Mimoune, Ath Yahia, Ath Mansour and Taouriret. These dwellings date back to the fourteenth century, built by the Chaouia.
The area possesses a distinct type of Berber architecture, characterised by the use of materials such as stone roughly polished and joined by a local mortar, in addition to the frequent presence of tree trunks and date palms. This is typical of the oases among the nearby basalt mountains and sedimentary rocks, which create the unique landscape of the region.
The site is renowned amongst geologists for the visible geological layers that can be observed on the canyon slopes. These strata provide insight into the geological history of the area. The site is also a remarkable example of the effects of erosion, particularly that of the Abiod river running below.
# John Constable (MP died 1550s)

John Constable was an English Member of Parliament for Nottinghamshire in April 1554.
In May 1544, he took part in Lord Hertford's attack on Edinburgh, the first major action of the war known as the Rough Wooing. He was captain of 112 men and a Provost Marshal in the army. He was knighted at Leith.
# Arthur Dinaux

Arthur Martin Dinaux (8 September 1795 – 15 May 1864) was a French journalist and antiquarian.
Dinaux was born in Valenciennes. In 1822 he proposed excavation at the village of Famars, resulting in the discovery of over 30,000 Roman silver medals.

## Works

* Les trouvères cambrésiens, 1836.
* Les trouvères de la Flandre et du Tournaisis, 1839.
* Les trouvères artésiens, 1843.
* Les trouvères : brabançons, hainuyers, liégeois et namurois, 1863.
* Les sociétés badines, bachiques, littéraires et chantantes, leur histoire et leurs travaux, ed. by Pierre Gustave Brunet, 1867.
# Premier Bowl

The Premier Bowl is a Group 2 Thoroughbred handicap horse race in Hong Kong, run at Sha Tin over 1200 metres in October.
Horses rated 90 and above are qualified to enter this race.
# Gwilym Prichard

Gwilym Arifor Prichard (né Pritchard; 4 March 1931 – 7 June 2015) was a Welsh landscape painter.

## Early life

Born in the village of Llanystumdwy, near Criccieth, Gwynedd, he studied at Bangor Normal College (1951-3) before moving on to Birmingham College of Art, before becoming a teacher in Anglesey. He married fellow artist Claudia Williams in 1953, and altered the spelling of his surname when he discovered that there was another painter of the same name. Their son, Ceri Pritchard, is a painter.

## Style

Noted for his "dramatic and colourful" depictions of "dense, craggy, often formidable landscapes" with "a three-dimensional quality", Prichard's paintings "managed to display his joy in the richness and beauty of his native land". He started to become successful during the 1960s, and in 1970 he was elected to the Royal Cambrian Academy.

## Professional life

After leaving paid employment in the early 1970s, he became a full-time painter. In the early 1980s the couple began travelling through Europe, living for periods in Skiathos, Greece and Rochefort-en-Terre, Brittany, before settling in Pembrokeshire in 1999. Prichard was awarded the silver medal by the Société Académique des Arts-Sciences-Lettres de Paris in 1995, and was an Honorary Fellow of the University of Wales. In later years he was regarded as the senior living Welsh landscape painter. A major exhibition of his work was held in Cardiff in 2013, and a monograph detailing his work, A Lifetime's Gazing, was published the same year.

## Death

Prichard died at his home in Tenby June 7, 2015.
# Evan Walters

Evan John Walters (27 November 1892 – 14 March 1951) was a Welsh artist.

## Biography

Walters was born in the Welcome Inn, between Llangyfelach and Mynydd-bach, in south Wales, to nonconformist and Welsh-speaking parents, Thomas Walters (1861-1946) and Elizabeth (Thomas)(1866-1942). The area was partly rural and partly industrial. He trained first as a painter and decorator in Morriston, Swansea, but soon progressed to the Swansea School of Art, the Regent Street Polytechnic in London and the Royal Academy Schools. He emigrated to the United States in 1915, where he was conscripted into the war effort and worked as a camouflage painter. After the Armistice he returned to Wales and established himself as a portrait painter.
His first solo exhibition at the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery in Swansea in 1920 contained, among other works three pictures related to the local mining communities and proved a turning point in his career. The exhibition attracted the attention of Winifred Coombe Tennant, who would become Walters's most important patron. After meeting Walters to commission him to paint her portrait and portraits of her husband and children, she described him as "A young dark typical Welshman. Very intelligent and pleasant... He has genius." His fame in Wales grew when he became joint winner of a number of art prizes at the 1926 National Eisteddfod of Wales in Swansea, where Augustus John was one of the two adjudicators. Walters had designed the poster advertising the Eisteddfod but the entire print run was pulped due to a perceived sexual innuendo in the design. Winifred Coombe Tennant managed to save a single copy. That year he was also given a one-man exhibition in the Dorothy Warren Gallery in London, where his industrial subject manner was embraced by left-leaning critics in the wake of the General Strike. This and John's opinion that "a new genius had emerged" were widely reported in the London press. He was characterised as a "collier-artist", though he had never worked in the coal industry. During the General Strike, Walters painted Welsh Funeral Hymn showing four naked youths, marked with stigmata, on a coal tip with a choir and chapel in the background.
By the spring of 1936 Walters had developed a theory of perception that was to have a calamitous outcome for him. This was an investigation into "double vision" or to use the scientific term, physiological diplopia. His experimentation with producing "double vision" paintings became almost an obsession and an exhibition of November 1936 at the Coolings Gallery, London of these works was not a success and not one of the twenty- two pictures was sold. Walters wrote an essay on his ideas, The Third Dimension, and continued to champion the theory, without any success, for the rest of his life.
# William N. Deramus Jr.

William Neal Deramus Jr. (March 25, 1888 – December 2, 1965) was an American railroad executive. He served as the longest running president for the Kansas City Southern Railway from 1941 to 1961. Deramus led the company through the Great Depression by encouraging industry to locate on the Gulf Coast in Louisiana and Texas. He helped the railway avoid bankruptcy in the 1930s and refinanced $67 million in bonded debt that fell due in the late 1940s.
Deramus's formal education ended after 8th grade. Before he was 14, he agreed to tend the switch lamps eagerly and keep the station in order for $4 a month, and an opportunity to learn Morse code.
Within a year, Deamus was promoted to relief operator, and rapidly advanced within the company. From the L&N, he went to the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL), then to the Southern Railway (SOU), where, at 20, he became a dispatcher in Memphis, Tennessee.
His chief in Memphis resigned to accept a job with the Kansas City Southern Railway in Pittsburg, Kansas. Before leaving, the chief gave Deramus a recommendation at the Kansas City Southern Railway, leaving opportunity for him to succeed. He worked dilligently, and in 1945 he was elected as the president and chairman of the board.
He spent almost half his time out on the railway. It is said that he knew the 1,647 miles of track between Kansas City and the Gulf of Mexico so well that he could tell where he was by the sound of the wheels on the rails. Under the impetus he provided the Kansas City Southern, its net income was twice the industry average.
Deramus was a major figure in Kansas City's civic life. In 1957, the Deramus' family donated the Deramus Field Station to MRIGlobal to support the organization's growing contract research business.
# Château des Quat'Sos

The Château des Quat'Sos is a château in La Réole, Gironde, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The name is of Gascon origin, describing the identical appearance of the four corner towers, the "Four Sisters". The castle is located on the promontory overlooking the confluence of the Garonne and the tributary Charros.
In 1224, permission was granted by King Louis VIII of France to build a castle. The castle was completed by King Henry III of England, while Duke of Aquitaine, to defend the English Duchy of Gascony. During the Hundred Years' War, the castle was fiercely disputed between English and French.
# Waurn Ponds railway station

Waurn Ponds railway station is a regional railway station on the Warrnambool line, part of the Victorian railway network. It serves the southern Geelong suburb of Waurn Ponds, in Victoria, Australia. Waurn Ponds station is a ground level premium station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 12 October 2014, with the current station provided in 2022.

## History

Waurn Ponds is the terminus for many V/Line's Geelong line services. Located between Oakwood Crescent and Rossack Drive, the station was initially to be named Grovedale, but was renamed Waurn Ponds before opening.
In April 2013, the Victorian Government announced that a new station would be built at Waurn Ponds, to serve the nearby suburbs of Grovedale and Armstrong Creek. The station was budgeted at $25.9 million, with $9.4 million for planning and land acquisition, and $16.5 million for a single platform with passenger amenities, booking office and toilets, bus bays, bicycle storage, and parking for 200 cars.
Contracts for the construction of the station were awarded in February 2014. In July 2014, the name of the station was changed to Waurn Ponds, and the size of the planned car park was increased to 292 spaces, along with overflow parking for a further 100 to 150 vehicles. The new station opened on 12 October 2014.
In 2020, the State Government announced an upgrade to the station, as part of the Regional Rail Revival project. The project included the construction of a new platform to the south of the existing platform, a new pedestrian overpass, an upgraded car park and upgraded lighting and CCTV. As part of those works, the railway line between Waurn Ponds and South Geelong is being duplicated, as well as the construction of a new maintenance and stabling facility. Major works at the station were completed in January 2022, with all station upgrades, including the second platform, in use by 31 May of that year.
The Waurn Ponds name was also used by V/Line's Network Access Division, to refer to the former Victorian Portland Cement Company sidings at the Blue Circle Southern Cement plant, two kilometres west of the passenger station. On 31 May 2021, the sidings were officially abolished.

## Platforms and services

Waurn Ponds has two side platforms and is served by V/Line Geelong and Warrnambool line trains.
Platform 1:
* Geelong line services to Southern Cross
* Warrnambool line services to Warrnambool and Southern Cross
Platform 2:
* Geelong line services to Southern Cross
* Warrnambool line services to Warrnambool and Southern Cross

## Transport links

McHarry's Buslines operates three routes via Waurn Ponds station, under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
* 41 : Geelong station – Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus
* 42 : Geelong station – Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus
* 45 : Armstrong Creek – Waurn Ponds Shopping Centre

## Gallery

* Eastbound view from the station platform, November 2019
# Théodore Duret

Théodore Duret (20 January 1838 – 16 January 1927) was a French journalist, author and art critic. He was one of the first advocates of Courbet, Manet, and the Impressionists. One of his best known works is Critique d'Avant Garde (Paris, 1885) which was written in support of the Impressionist movement. He also served as collecting advisor and buying agent for American art collector Louisine Havemeyer.

## Biography

Theodore Duret was heir to a firm of Cognac dealers, was a collector, orientalist, and art critic.

### Travels in Asia

In September 1871, Duret traveled throughout Asia alongside the collector Henri Cernuschi. Together, the two men visited Japan, China, Mongolia, Java, and Indonesia in an effort to collect art objects and artworks. Duret was particularly interested in purchasing Japanese prints and illustrations. In collecting these objects, he sought to discover what he called, "the real Japan." Upon his return to Paris, Duret published his Voyage en Asie in 1873, which documented the collector's travels and purchases throughout Asia. Although Duret recounts his personal travels in Voyage en Asie, he also comments on the family structures, languages, and religious practices of the countries he visited.

### Whistler painting

He was introduced to Whistler by Manet and posed for a portrait by Whistler in 1883 at Whistler's London studio at 13 Tite Street. At Duret's request, Whistler painted him in full evening dress, but Whistler suggested that he hold a pink domino, an addition necessary to the decorative arrangement of the composition. Whistler worked on the portrait over a long period of time, even though the finished work ultimately looks like a rapid sketch. Acclaimed when exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1885, it was ranked by many as the best portrait of Duret painted by any of the great Realist artists of the period.

## Works

* Duret, Théodore (1867). Les peintres français en 1867 (in French). Dentu.
* Duret, Théodore (1874). Voyage en Asie : le Japon, la Chine, la Mongolie, Java, Ceylan, l'Inde (in French). Michel Lévy frères – via Gallica.
* Duret, Théodore (1878). Histoire des peintres impressionnistes (in French). Librairie Parisienne.
* Duret, Théodore. Histoire de d'Édouard Manet et de son œuvre. Charpentier et Fasquelle.
* Duret, Théodore (1919) Vincent Van Gogh. Bernheim Jeune et Cie.
* Duret, Théodore (1920). Lautrec. Paris: Bernheim-Jeune – via archive.org.
# Cristian Săuan

Cristian Daniel Săuan (born 18 March 1974 in Cluj-Napoca) is a former Romanian rugby union player. He played as a wing.
Săuan played for U Cluj, in Romania, from 1992/93 to 2000/01. He was runners-up of the National Championship in 2000/01, his best result at the team. He moved to become a professional in Rugby Rovigo Delta, in Italy, where he played from 2001/02 to 2006/07. He was runners-up to the Cup of Italy in 2006. He moved afterwards to San Marco Rugby Club, playing there from 2007/08 to 2008/09. He returned to Universitatea Cluj in 2009/10, where he finished his career in 2013/14.
He had 37 caps for Romania, from 1999 to 2007, scoring 14 tries, 70 points on aggregate. He won three titles of the European Nations Cup, in 2000, 2001/02 and 2005/06. He was called for the 1999 Rugby World Cup, playing in three games and scoring a try, and for the 2003 Rugby World Cup, playing in four games and scoring another try.
Since 2020, Săuan is the current coach of U Cluj Rugby, which plays in the Romanian SuperLiga.
# Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani

Abdulrahman bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani (1871–1930) was the sixth son of Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, the previous Emir and the founder of modern Qatar. In 1898 his father Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani selected him to become the governor of the Al Wakrah area.

## Governorship of Al Wakrah

Sheikh Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani was appointed as Mudir of Al Wakrah by the Ottomans in place of Yusuf Bey in 1903. This elicited protests by the British government, who refused the Ottoman's rights to appoint any administrative official in Qatar.
From December 1907, there were a series of disputes between governor Abdulrahman bin Jassim and the Al-Buainain tribe. The Al-Buainain tribe had objected to paying the annual boat tax, and in reprisal, he fined the tribe 10,000 Qatari riyals and expelled 6 of the tribe's leaders. As retribution, one of the tribe leader's sons attempted to shoot him. His attempt was foiled, and he was imprisoned; however he was later procured forgiveness and released in return for the payment of the tax.

## Sons

* Sheikh Saud
* Sheikh Mohammed
* Sheikh Khalid
* Sheikh Mubarak
* Sheikh Hassan
* Sheikh Ghanim
# Sonar Tori

Sonar Tori (alternatively spelt Sonar Tari, Bengali: সোনার তরী) is a collection of Bengali poetry by poet Rabindranath Tagore. The collection has more than forty poems and was first published in 1894. Sonar Tori is considered to be one of the most celebrated literary works of Tagore.

## Theme

In this poetry collection, the poet shows his thirst and quest for beauty, and detaching himself from the world of humanity.

## Publication

At a Kuthibari (house) at Shilaidaha Tagore stayed intermittently between 1891 and 1901. Many poems of this collection were written during his stay at this place. The poems of this collection were written between March 1892 and December 1893. The book was first published in 1894.
# Coquinho

Luiz Oliveira dos Santos Junior, known as Coquinho (Luziânia, January 21, 1980) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder, for the CRAC.

## Career

In 2010 Plays for the Fortaleza on loan from Brasiliense. In July 2011, he moved to Itumbiara Esporte Clube.

## Honours
### Brasiliense

* Campeonato Brasiliense: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009

### Fortaleza

* Campeonato Cearense: 2010

## Contract

* Fortaleza.
# Zlogosh

Zlogosh (Bulgarian: Злогош) is a village in Treklyano Municipality, Kyustendil Province, south-western Bulgaria.
# Uhuru Stadium

Uhuru Stadium (formerly known as the Tanzania National Stadium) (Uwanja wa Uhuru in Swahili) is adjacent to the National Stadium in Miburani ward of Temeke District in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

## History

Tanganyika's independence ceremony was celebrated at this stadium on 9 December 1961. The independence anniversary has been celebrated at the stadium each year since then. It also has been the venue for the inaugural address of all past presidents.
The funeral service of Julius Nyerere, Tanzania's first president, was held at the stadium on 21 October 1999. Shortly after his death in office, president John Magufuli was laid-in-state at the stadium on 20 March 2021. Forty-five people were killed in a stampede at the stadium on March 21, 2021.
# Ruth C. Williams

Ruth C. Williams (1897-1982) was an Australian writer for children who was born in London England. In 1950, she received the Children's Book of the Year Award: Older Readers for Verity of Sydney Town.
She was married to Australian landscape artist Rhys Williams, who illustrated each of her books.
# Ed Williamson (rugby union)

Ed Williamson (born 31 March 1984 in Teesside, England) is a professional contemporary artist and former professional rugby union player. He retired in 2016 after playing for Union Athletic Libournaise. Williamson started his career with Newcastle Falcons who he had played for since the age of 18. He made his first team debut in the 2004/2005 season against Leicester Tigers. He went on to play over 80 games for the club. He has represented England at the U19 level.
Following a serious injury to his hand in an A League game for Falcons against Northampton Saints, Williamson was forced into retirement at the end of the 2010/2011 season. However, with the support of the Rugby Players Association (RPA) and further surgery, Williamson was miraculously able to return to rugby in February 2012 for Leeds Carnegie where he put in several man of the match performances.
At the start of the 2012/13, season he reentered the Premiership with the newly promoted London Welsh RFC[2]
He joined Rotherham Titans as a player and as forwards coach ahead of the 2013/14 season. It was to be an impressive season for the club, finishing 4th in the league, reaching the playoffs and also the knockout stages of the B&I cup for the 1st time in Rotherham's history. Williamson played a big part and received heavy praise for his defensive work with the team, including some impressive performances on the field.
Williamson played for French Federàl 1 side UA Libournaise for the 14/15 and 15/16 seasons.
He is now a professional contemporary artist, still living and working in Dublin, Ireland . He has exhibited his work around the world, including in major shows in New York, Miami and Monaco. His work can be viewed on his website www.edwilliamsonart.com or on his Instagram @williamsonartofficial. Ed is heavily involved in charity, and regularly donates his time and his paintings to a selection of charitable foundations.
Ed is the son of Jack Williamson, a local revolutionary political activist in the North East. He is also the nephew of Richard Marshall, a local artist. Williamson is father to four children. He is married to Dr Beverley Williamson (nee Holmes), a competition law specialist.
# Chawlia Union

Chawlia Union (Bengali: আঠারখাদা ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Magura Sadar Upazila, in Magura District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 79.99 square kilometres (30.88 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 28,837. There are 20 villages and 20 mouzas in the union.
# Zangi, Kermanshah

Zangi (Persian: زنگي, also Romanized as Zangī; also known as Kaleh Kan Zangī and Kalkalīn) is a village in Sar Firuzabad Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 138, in 24 families.