OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Akia Island

Akia Island (Danish: Langø) is an uninhabited island in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland. The name of the island means "turned on its side" in the Greenlandic language.

## Geography

Akia Island is located in the outer belt of islands in the Upernavik Archipelago, in the group between the Upernavik Icefjord in the north, and Nunavik Peninsula in the south, approximately 500 m (1,600 ft) to the southeast of Upernavik Island, on the other side of a small waterway separating the islands.
In the east and south, another small waterway separates Akia from a larger Qaarsorsuaq Island. In the west, several small skerries such as Avannarleq (Danish: Nordø), Qeqertasussuk (Danish: Bruuns ø), and Aorrussaq (Danish: Hvalø) buffer the western coast from the open waters of Baffin Bay.
Pear-shaped and hilly, the island culminates in an unnamed 220 m (720 ft) peak in the central-northern part of the island. There are many small ponds and lakes in the interior of the island.

### Promontories

| Name | Direction | Latitude N | Longitude W |
| Pamiua (Danish: Søndre Næs) | Western Cape | 72°45′41″ | 56°12′52″ |
| (none) | Northern Cape | 72°47′22″ | 56°03′17″ |
| Sarpinat | Eastern Cape (not the easternmost point) | 72°45′58″ | 56°02′36″ |
| Umiartorfik | Southern Cape | 72°44′06″ | 56°06′56″ |
# Infantry Division Friedrich Ludwig Jahn

The Infantry Division Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (German: Infanterie-Division Friedrich Ludwig Jahn) was an infantry division of the German army during World War II. It was formed in the final weeks of the war, and existed between late March and early May 1945.
The division was named for Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, a German gymnastics teacher and nationalist of the early 19th century.

## Operational history

The Infantry Division Friedrich Ludwig Jahn was formed on 31 March 1945 as one of the divisions of the 35th and final wave of deployment, along with the divisions Potsdam, Ulrich von Hutten, Scharnhorst, Schlageter, and Theodor Körner. These six formations were drawn from the staff of the Reich Labour Service (RAD) and the Reichsführerschulen (RFS), with RAD and RFS contributing three divisions each. Infantry Division Friedrich Ludwig Jahn was the second of the three RAD divisions, and accordingly also referred to as "2nd RAD Division". The initial commander of the division was Generalleutnant Friedrich-Wilhelm von Loeper. Command later passed to Gerhard Klein, who held his post until captured by Soviet forces on 23 April. Franz Weller subsequently held the command from 24 April until 3 May, before Ludwig Zöller took over from 3 May until the end of the war.
The division was initially assembled from RAD personnel as well as from members of the 251st Infantry Division, which had been battered in the Warka bridgehead in January 1945 and all but destroyed during its retreat to West Prussia. The division was initially assembled in Jüterbog, to the southwest of Germany's capital city Berlin.
The division was subdivided into the following formations:
* Grenadier Regiment Friedrich Ludwig Jahn 1
* Grenadier Regiment Friedrich Ludwig Jahn 2
* Grenadier Regiment Friedrich Ludwig Jahn 3
* Division Fusilier Battalion Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
* Artillery Regiment Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
* Pioneer Battalion Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
The division was deployed with the 12th Army (Walther Wenck). It reached the Elbe river near Ferchland, where it surrendered to United States Army forces. It was later transferred by the Americans into Soviet captivity.
# Shimona Nelson

Shimona Nelson (born 1 December 1998) is a Jamaican netball player in the Suncorp Super Netball league, playing for the Melbourne Mavericks.

## Career

Nelson broke into the senior Jamaica national netball team in early 2017 in a test series against Barbados and has also represented Jamaica at Under-21 and Fast5 level. Nelson was selected by the Adelaide Thunderbirds as a replacement player for the injured Cat Tuivaiti in the 2018 season, and played most games in a winless season for the Thunderbirds. Nelson moved to Melbourne-based Super Netball team the Collingwood Magpies at end of the season, joining the Magpies squad for two years.

### Super Netball statistics

    Statistics are correct to the end of the 2018 season.
| Season | Team | G/A | GA | RB | CPR | FD | IC | DF | PN | TO | MP |
| 2018 | Thunderbirds | 418/474 | 4 | 27 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 48 | 73 | 14 |
| 2019 | Magpies | 0/0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career | Career | 418/474 | 4 | 27 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 48 | 73 | 14 |

## Personal life

Nelson currently studies a Bachelor of Psychological Science at Deakin University.
Nelson elected to pursue netball instead of playing college basketball in the United States.
# Artesia Township, Iroquois County, Illinois

Artesia Township is one of twenty-six townships in Iroquois County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 854 and it contained 402 housing units. Artesia Township formed from portions of Ash Grove and Loda townships sometime prior to 1921.

## Geography

According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Artesia Township has a total area of 57.42 square miles (148.72 km$^2$), of which 57.37 square miles (148.59 km$^2$) (or 99.91%) is land and 0.05 square miles (0.13 km$^2$) (or 0.09%) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Buckley

### Cemeteries

The township contains these two cemeteries: Lisk and Saint John's Lutheran.

### Major highways

* Interstate 57
* U.S. Route 45

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 854 people, 341 households, and 257 families residing in the township. The population density was 14.87 inhabitants per square mile (5.74/km$^2$). There were 402 housing units at an average density of 7.00 per square mile (2.70/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 92.39% White, 1.05% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.35% from other races, and 5.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.28% of the population.
There were 341 households, out of which 28.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.93% were married couples living together, 2.64% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 24.63% were non-families. 24.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.47.
The township's age distribution consisted of 21.2% under the age of 18, 2.2% from 18 to 24, 20.3% from 25 to 44, 36% from 45 to 64, and 20.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.9 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $67,750, and the median income for a family was $89,028. Males had a median income of $50,000 versus $31,458 for females. The per capita income for the township was $32,107. About 0.8% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.9% of those under age 18 and 1.3% of those age 65 or over.

## School districts

* Cissna Park Community Unit School District 6
* Iroquois West Community Unit School District 10
* Paxton-Buckley-Loda Community Unit School District 10

## Political districts

* Illinois' 15th congressional district
* State House District 105
* State Senate District 53
# Collegium Carolinum

Collegium Carolinum may refer to
* Karolinum the historic building of the Charles University in Prague
* Carolinum, Zürich, the predecessor of the University of Zurich
* Collegium Carolinum (Kassel), a former research and teaching institution in Kassel, operated 1709–1785
* TU Braunschweig in Germany was founded in 1745 as Collegium Carolinum
* The dissolved German Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague was continued in Munich as Collegium Carolinum (1956)
# Rosalie K. Fry

Rosalie Kingsmill Fry (22 April 1911 – 1992) was a Canadian-born author and illustrator who lived most of her life in Wales.
She was born on Vancouver Island and moved to Swansea with her family at a young age. She was educated in Swansea and went on to study art at the Central School of Art and Design in London from 1929 to 1934. She began writing children's stories because of her interest in illustration; her first book Bumblebuzz was published in 1938. She served in the Women's Royal Naval Service during World War II. Fry also contributed illustrations to various publications.
The text of her book Child of the Western Isles formed the basis for the 1994 film The Secret of Roan Inish.

## Selected works

* In a Rock Pool (1947)
* Pipkin Sees the World (1951)
* Pipkin the Woodmouse (1953)
* The Land of Lost Handkerchiefs, illustrator, text by Marjorie Knight (1954)
* Deep in the Forest (1955)
* The Wind Call (1955)
* The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby, illustrator, text by Charles Kingsley (1957)
* Child of the Western Isles (1957), republished in 1959 as The Secret of Ron Mor Skerry, ISBN 978-1681371665 (2017 reprint)
* Gypsy Princess, illustrated by Philip Gough (1959)
* The Echo Song (1962)
* The Riddle of the Figurehead (1963)
* September Island, illustrated by Margery Gill (1965)
* Snowed Up, illustrated by Robin Jacques (1970)
# Lefschetz pencil

In mathematics, a Lefschetz pencil is a construction in algebraic geometry considered by Solomon Lefschetz, used to analyse the algebraic topology of an algebraic variety $V$.

## Description

A pencil is a particular kind of linear system of divisors on $V$, namely a one-parameter family, parametrised by the projective line. This means that in the case of a complex algebraic variety $V$, a Lefschetz pencil is something like a fibration over the Riemann sphere; but with two qualifications about singularity.
The first point comes up if we assume that $V$ is given as a projective variety, and the divisors on $V$ are hyperplane sections. Suppose given hyperplanes $H$ and $H'$, spanning the pencil — in other words, $H$ is given by $L=0$ and $H'$ by $L'=0$ for linear forms $L$ and $L'$, and the general hyperplane section is $V$ intersected with
    $\lambda L+\mu L^{\prime }=0.\$
Then the intersection $J$ of $H$ with $H'$; has codimension two. There is a rational mapping
    $V\rightarrow P^{1}\ :\ p\mapsto \left[L'(p):-L(p)\right]$
which is in fact well-defined only outside the points on the intersection of $J$ with $V$. To make a well-defined mapping, some blowing up must be applied to $V$.
The second point is that the fibers may themselves 'degenerate' and acquire singular points (where Bertini's lemma applies, the general hyperplane section will be smooth). A Lefschetz pencil restricts the nature of the acquired singularities, so that the topology may be analysed by the vanishing cycle method. The fibres with singularities are required to have a unique quadratic singularity, only.
It has been shown that Lefschetz pencils exist in characteristic zero. They apply in ways similar to, but more complicated than, Morse functions on smooth manifolds. It has also been shown that Lefschetz pencils exist in characteristic p for the étale topology.
Simon Donaldson has found a role for Lefschetz pencils in symplectic topology, leading to more recent research interest in them.
# Francis L. Horspool

Francis L. Horspool (1871-1951) was an American painter from Utah. His work is in the permanent collection of the Springville Museum of Art.

## Life

Horspool was born in 1871 in Ogden, Utah. His father William was an immigrant from England who converted to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Horspool initially worked for the railroad in Ogden, and he relocated to Salt Lake City in 1907. He worked as a civil engineer, salesman, and draftsman. By 1931, he had become a full-time painter.
Horspool died in 1951 in Salt Lake City, at the age of 80, and he was buried in the Ogden City Cemetery. His work is in the permanent collection of the Springville Museum of Art in Springville, Utah.
# Time Slotted Channel Hopping

Time Slotted Channel Hopping or Time Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH) is a channel access method for shared-medium networks.
TSCH is used by Low-Power devices to communicate using a wireless link. It is designed for low-power and lossy networks (LLNs) and aims at providing a reliable Media access control layer.
TSCH can be seen as a combination of Time-division multiple access and Frequency-division multiple access mechanisms as it uses diversity in time and frequency to provide reliability to the upper network layers.
The TSCH mode was introduced in 2012 as an amendment (IEEE 802.15.4e) to the Medium Access Control (MAC) portion of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The amendment was rolled into the IEEE 802.15.4 in 2015.

## Description

Wireless communications are often referred as unreliable due to the unpredictability of the wireless medium. While wireless communications bring many advantages (e.g no wires maintenance, costs reduction ...), the lack of reliability slows down the adoption of wireless networks technologies.
TSCH aims at reducing the impact of the wireless medium unpredictability to enable the use of reliable low-power wireless networks. It is very good at saving the nodes' energy because each node shares a schedule, allowing it to know in advance when to turn on or off its radio.
The IEEE 802.15.4 standard uses different frequency bands, and each frequency band is separated in channels. In TSCH, communications are done using those different channels and at different times. However, this standard does not define how to build and maintain the communication schedule. Many works have been proposed to organize the schedule in a centralized or distributed way.

## Channel hopping

Let chOf be the channel offset, assigned to a given link. The channel offset, chOf, is translated to a frequency f (i.e. a real channel) using:
$f=F{(ASN+chOf)\,{\bmod {\,}}n_{ch}}$
where ASN is the Absolute Slot Number, i.e. the total number of slots that elapsed since the network was deployed. The ASN is incremented at each slot and shared by all devices in the network.

### Multipath-fading mitigation

Multipath propagation can create internal destructive interference of a wireless signal known as multipath fading. This phenomenon can be overcome by shifting the location of the communicating nodes or by switching the communication carrier frequency.
The channel hopping mechanism of TSCH allows to overcome the impact of multipath fading by changing the communication carrier frequency for every transmission.

## Implementations

TSCH is implemented in simulation or on real hardware.
Simulation:
* NS2
* OpenWSN
Firmware:
* RIoT
* OpenWSN
* Contiki

## 6TiSCH

TSCH is one of the key elements of the 6TiSCH stack as part of the IEEE802.15.4-2015 standard.

## Uses

Due to its low power consumption and reliability, TSCH (or its previous versions) is mainly used in Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks.
Companies are using it in their wireless sensor networks such as Linear Technology and Emerson
# David R. Moore

David Richard Moore (August 28, 1856 – May 16, 1926) was a physician and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented York County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1886 to 1890 as a Liberal member.
He was born in Galt, Ontario, the son of Scottish immigrants, and came to Stanley, New Brunswick with his parents. He studied at Harvard Medical College and the University of Vermont. He married Susannah Samson and then married Dora McBean after his first wife died in 1883. Moore was coroner for the county and a surgeon in the militia.
# Heartbroken on the Moselle

Heartbroken on the Moselle (German: Moselfahrt aus Liebeskummer) is a 1953 West German romantic comedy film directed by Kurt Hoffmann and starring Will Quadflieg, Elisabeth Müller, and Oliver Grimm. It was based on a 1932 novella by Rudolf G. Binding. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich with outdoor filming in Bayreuth in Bavaria and at various locations in the Rhineland. The film's sets were designed by the art director Rudi Remp.

## Cast

* Will Quadflieg as Dr. Thomas Arend
* Elisabeth Müller as Angela Schaefer
* Oliver Grimm as Kaspar Schäfer
* Renate Mannhardt as Dorette Sorel
* John Van Dreelen as Bernd Zagler
* Franziska Kinz as Maria Klaus
* Albert Florath as Zyprian
* Erica Beer as Sylvie
* Rudolf Reiff as Küfermeister Kuby
* Bum Krüger as Weinkenner
# John Franklin Gross

John Franklin Gross (July 19, 1859 – January 25, 1928) was a lawyer and politician in Ontario, Canada. He represented Welland in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1900 to 1904 as a Liberal.
The son of John Gross and Elizabeth Barber, he was born in Clinton township. Gross taught school for a number of years and then studied law in the office of William Manley German and at Osgoode Hall. He was called to the Ontario bar in 1897 and set up practice in Welland. Gross was first elected to the provincial assembly in a by-election held after William Manley German resigned his seat to run for a seat in the Canadian House of Commons. He was reelected in 1902.
He married Clara Amelia Casper and the couple had two sons and a daughter; the daughter died while still very young.
Gross was chosen as city solicitor for Welland in 1913. He died at home in Welland in 1928.
His son Douglas later also served as solicitor for the city of Welland.
# Athletics at the 1979 Pan American Games – Women's long jump

The women's long jump competition of the athletics events at the 1979 Pan American Games took place on 8 July at the Estadio Sixto Escobar. The defending Pan American Games champion was Ana Alexander of Cuba.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
| World record | Vilma Bardauskienė (URS) | 7.09 | Prague, Czechoslovakia | August 29, 1978 |
| Pan American Games record | Ana Alexander (CUB) | 6.63 | Mexico City, Mexico | 1975 |

## Results

All distances shown are in meters.
| KEY: | WR | World Record | GR | Pan American Record |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Distance |
| | Kathy McMillan | United States | 6.46 |
| | Ana Alexander | Cuba | 6.31 |
| | Eloína Echevarría | Cuba | 6.27 |
| 4 | Diane Jones-Konihowski | Canada | 6.10 |
| 5 | Jane Frederick | United States | 6.10 |
| 6 | Shonel Ferguson | Bahamas | 6.07 |
| 7 | Madeline de Jesús | Puerto Rico | 5.88 |
| 8 | Jillian Ross | Canada | 5.85 |
| 9 | Jennifer Innis | Guyana | 5.56 |
| 10 | Yvonne Neddermann | Argentina | 5.54 |
| 11 | Nancy Vallecilla | Ecuador | 5.29 |
| | Themis Zambrzycki | Brazil | DNS |
| | Sharol Henry | Jamaica | DNS |
| | Dorothy Scott | Jamaica | DNS |
| | Sorelli Bohorquez | Venezuela | DNS |
# Carolinus

Carolinus (or Karolinus) is an instructional poem written by 12th century poet Gilles de Paris for future King Louis VIII of France around the year 1200.
# Béatrice Patrie

Béatrice Patrie (born 12 May 1957 in Lorient) is a French former judge and Member of the European Parliament for the South West of France. She is a member of the Socialist Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.
# Saint-Louis-la-Chaussée station

Saint-Louis-la-Chaussée station (French: Gare de Saint-Louis-la-Chaussée) is a railway station serving the community of Saint-Louis-la-Chaussée (Neuweg) in the north of the commune of Saint-Louis, Alsace, France. The station is served by regional trains to Mulhouse and Basel.
# Cape Murdoch (Greenland)

Cape Murdoch (Danish: Kap Murdoch) is a headland in the Avannaata municipality, NW Greenland.

## Geography

Cape Murdoch is located at the southern end of an unnamed island north of Heilprin Island in Melville Bay.
The cape lies in an area of small islands at the northern limits of Melville Bay to the west of the Fisher Islands and WNW of Thalbitzer Næs, near the terminuses of the Docker Smith Glacier and the Rink Glacier. The terminus of the Peary Glacier lies to the east.
* Map of Northwestern Greenland
# Tulen Kabilov

Tulen Kabilov (Kazakh: Төлен Қабылов, Russian: Тулен Кабилов; 1917 – 10 April 1945) was a Kazakh Red Army sergeant and posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union. Kabilov was posthumously awarded the title for his actions during the Battle of Königsberg, where he threw an anti-tank grenade under a Ferdinand self-propelled gun but was killed in the explosion.

## Early life

Kabilov was born in 1917 in the village of Asy-Saga in Semirechye Oblast to a peasant family. He was orphaned at a young age and raised by his older sister. He received lower secondary education. After he graduated from courses in Almaty, Kabilov worked as a bookkeeper on the farm. He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1940.

## World War II

Kabilov was drafted into the Red Army in 1942. He fought in combat from May 1942. Kabilov served with the 24th Guards Rifle Division's 72nd Guards Rifle Regiment. In December 1942, he fought in the battle to repulse the failed German relief operation at Stalingrad, Operation Winter Storm. During 1943 Kabilov fought in the battle to break through the Mius-Front and from September participated in the Battle of the Dnieper. Kabilov received the Medal "For Courage" on 23 March 1944. On 31 May 1944 he was awarded the Medal "For Courage" a second time. During the summer of 1944 Kabilov fought in the Šiauliai Offensive. In October he fought in the Battle of Memel. On 31 October he was awarded the Order of the Red Star.
In 1945 Kabilov was a squad leader in the regiment's 6th Rifle Company. In January he fought in the East Prussian Offensive. On 10 March, Kabilov was awarded the Order of Glory 3rd class for his actions on 22 January. He fought in the Battle of Königsberg, part of the East Pomeranian Offensive. On 8 April, during the storming of the city, Kabilov was reportedly one of the first to advance on the city from the south. In street fighting he reportedly destroyed a machine gun with a grenade. He also killed five German soldiers with a machine gun and another with a rifle butt. On 10 April in the area of Juditten, Kabilov helped repulse a counterattack of German Ferdinand self-propelled guns. He threw an anti-tank grenade under a self-propelled gun but was killed in the explosion. Kabilov was buried in a mass grave in Chkalovsk. On 19 April, Kabilov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin.

## Legacy

A collective farm in Almaty Region was named for Kabilov, as well as a secondary school in Asy-Saga. A street in Shelek was named for him. In 1968, an Atlantik-type refrigerated fishing trawler that operated out of Kaliningrad was named for Kabilov. In 1975, a street in Almaty was named for Kabilov. On the building of Kaliningrad School No. 14 there is a memorial plaque in honor of Kabilov.
# Eger Castle

The Eger Castle (Hungarian: Egri vár) is a castle in Eger, Hungary. Historically, it is known for repelling the Turkish attack in 1552 during the Siege of Eger.

## History

The first castle was built on the high hill named Várhegy at Felsőtárkány near Eger.
During the Mongol invasion in 1241, this castle was ruined, and the bishop of Eger moved it to a rocky hill in the city of Eger. On the hill, a new castle was built, and it developed rapidly. In 1470 a Gothic palace was built. In 1552, a Turkish army of 35,000-40,000 soldiers attacked the castle which had 2,100-2,300 defenders. The siege failed as the Turks suffered heavy casualties. A total of 1,700 of the defenders survived. After that Turks besieged the castle again in 1596, resulting in a Turkish victory. In 1701, the Austrians exploded half of the castle (the Külső vár).
Archaeological excavations only started in 1925 and the castle was used by the army as barracks until 1957.

## Museums

There are several museums in the castle:
* Dobó István Vármúzeum - This shows the history of the castle,
* Egri Képtár - A painting exhibition,
* Kazamaták - A system of cellars under the castle,
* Panoptikum - A wax museum,
* an ancient vase exhibition,
and several periodic exhibitions.
# Ramesh Prasad Yadav (Nepali politician)

Ramesh Prasad Yadav (Nepali: रमेश प्रसाद यादव) is a Nepali politician belonging to Nepal Socialist Party. Yadav is a former member of National Assembly. Since 2022, Yadav has served as the general secretary of the Baburam Bhattarai-led Nepal Socialist Party.