OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Explicit symmetry breaking

In theoretical physics, explicit symmetry breaking is the breaking of a symmetry of a theory by terms in its defining equations of motion (most typically, to the Lagrangian or the Hamiltonian) that do not respect the symmetry. Usually this term is used in situations where these symmetry-breaking terms are small, so that the symmetry is approximately respected by the theory. An example is the spectral line splitting in the Zeeman effect, due to a magnetic interaction perturbation in the Hamiltonian of the atoms involved.
Explicit symmetry breaking differs from spontaneous symmetry breaking. In the latter, the defining equations respect the symmetry but the ground state (vacuum) of the theory breaks it.
Explicit symmetry breaking is also associated with electromagnetic radiation. A system of accelerated charges results in electromagnetic radiation when the geometric symmetry of the electric field in free space is explicitly broken by the associated electrodynamic structure under time varying excitation of the given system. This is quite evident in an antenna where the electric lines of field curl around or have rotational geometry around the radiating terminals in contrast to linear geometric orientation within a pair of transmission lines which does not radiate even under time varying excitation.

## Perturbation theory in quantum mechanics

A common setting for explicit symmetry breaking is perturbation theory in quantum mechanics. The symmetry is evident in a base Hamiltonian $H_{0}$. This $H_{0}$ is often an integrable Hamiltonian, admitting symmetries which in some sense make the Hamiltonian integrable. The base Hamiltonian might be chosen to provide a starting point close to the system being modelled.
Mathematically, the symmetries can be described by a smooth symmetry group $G$. Under the action of this group, $H_{0}$ is invariant. The explicit symmetry breaking then comes from a second term in the Hamiltonian, $H_{\text{int}}$, which is not invariant under the action of $G$. This is sometimes interpreted as an interaction of the system with itself or possibly with an externally applied field. It is often chosen to contain a factor of a small interaction parameter.
The Hamiltonian can then be written
    $H=H_{0}+H_{\text{int}}$
where $H_{\text{int}}$ is the term which explicitly breaks the symmetry. The resulting equations of motion will also not have $G$-symmetry.
A typical question in perturbation theory might then be to determine the spectrum of the system to first order in the perturbative interaction parameter.
# Arjun Singh

Arjun Singh may refer to
* Arjun Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician), Indian politician, Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh and Union Minister
* Arjun Singh (West Bengal politician), Indian politician in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly
* Arjun Singh (Himachal Pradesh politician), Indian politician in the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
* Arjun Singh Atwal (born 1973), Indian professional golfer
* Arjun Singh Jasrotia, Indian military officer, Ashok Chakra awardee
* Arjun Singh Sethi (born 1981), American writer and lawyer
* Jai Arjun Singh, Indian freelance writer and journalist
* Raja Arjun Singh (1829–1890), leader of the Indian Rebellion
* Arjun Singh, titular character of the 1995 Indian film Karan Arjun, portrayed by Shah Rukh Khan
* Arjun Singh, fictional character in the 2007 Indian film Namaste London, portrayed by Akshay Kumar
# Schoolhouse Lake Provincial Park

Schoolhouse Lake Provincial Park, formerly known as Lang Lake Provincial Park, is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.
# Ubehebe Peak

Ubehebe Peak is a double summit mountain located within Death Valley National Park, in Inyo County, California. Ubehebe Peak rises over the west side of the Racetrack Playa, and lies at the south end of the Last Chance Range.
Ubehebe Peak can be accessed through the unpaved Racetrack Valley Road. Experienced hikers can ascend the mountain by the old miner's trail, which leads to the saddle between the two peaks.

## Etymology

The name "Ubehebe" (pronounced YOO-bee-HEE-bee), which is shared by the nearby Ubehebe Crater, was likely given by the Paiute Tribe that resides in the Inyo County region. Although there is a popular misconception that the name "Ubehebe" means "big basket," the word likely originated from the Paiute term "hïbi-bici," which translates to "woman's breasts."

## Geography

Ubehebe Peak has an elevation of 5,678 ft. The mountain resides between Saline Valley, which lies to the west, and the Cottonwood Mountains range, to the east. Ubehebe Peak is the southernmost major summit of the Last Chance Range.

## Geology

The foundation of Ubehebe Peak is primarily formed of quartz monzonite, as well as syenite. The most common rocks in the area are metadolomite and metalimestone. Copper oxide and iron oxide have also been found within the contact-metamorphic rock of the region. Although the region was surveyed and briefly developed for the production of copper, economic production was considered unfeasible due to the low quantity and grade of the minerals. However, the area held a productive lead mining site in the early 20th century.
# Trippin' (disambiguation)

Trippin' or Trippin may refer to:
* Trippin, a Malaysian infotainment programme
* Trippin', an MTV environmental documentary television series hosted by Cameron Diaz
* Trippin' (film), 1999
* "Trippin" (Conro song), 2018
* "Trippin'" (Oris Jay song), a 2001 song later covered by Cahill and retitled "Trippin' on You"
* "Trippin'" (Push Push song), 1992
* "Trippin'" (Total song), 1998
* "Trippin' (That's the Way Love Works)", a 2005 song by Toni Braxton
* "Trippin", a 2017 song by French Montana from Jungle Rules
* "Trippin'", a 2000 song by Godsmack from Awake
# Gobinda Bandi

Govinda Bandi (Nepali: गोविन्द बन्दी) is a Nepalese Politician and former Minister of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. Previously a senior advocate, Bandi is also the standing committee member of CPN (Unified Socialist).
# Renanzinho (footballer, born 1997)

Renan Martins Pereira (19 September 1997 – 21 December 2017), known as Renanzinho or simply Renan, was a Brazilian footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Ariquemes, Rondônia, Renan graduated with Avaí's youth setup, and made his senior debut on 4 March 2015, coming on as a late substitute for Renan Oliveira in a 0–2 away loss against Internacional de Lages for the Campeonato Catarinense championship. He was subsequently promoted to the main squad, being praised by manager Gilson Kleina.
On 11 May 2015 Renan made his Série A debut, starting in a 1–1 home draw against Santos. He scored his first professional goal on 5 July, netting his team's first in a 2–2 home draw against Sport Recife. After his disease, his contract was suspended, but the club still helped with the costs of his treatment.

## Doping ban

Renan tested positive for the prohibited substance octopamine in July 2015, and was subsequently handed a 1-month ban from sports.

## Death

In 2016, Renan was diagnosed with a brain tumor. He began treatment in the same year, with Avaí maintaining his contract, until 2018, active. On 21 December 2017, Avaí announced that Renan had died in the morning, as a result of complications from his brain tumour.

## Personal life

His father Edson Pereira was a Vilhena footballer, while his brother Luanzinho is also a footballer and a midfielder for the same club.

## Career statistics

    As of 3 May 2016
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State League | State League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Avaí | 2015 | Série A | 21 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 30 | 1 |
| Avaí | 2016 | Série B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Avaí | Total | Total | 21 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 32 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 21 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 1 |
# Mazhar Kaleem

Mazhar Kaleem (Urdu: مظہر کلیم) (1942 – 2018) original name Mazhar Nawaz Khan was a Pakistani novelist chiefly known in Imran Series, Urdu spy fiction written within Imran Series mythos created by Ibn-e-Safi.
He was known for writing the Imran Series and had written short stories for children as well. He was the anchorperson of a saraiki radio talk show from Radio Multan, "Jamhoor-de-Awaz". He was a lawyer who was elected Senior Vice-President of Multan Bar Council.
In "his writing career of over five decades, he has written around 600 spy fiction novels on Ibn-e-Safi Imran Series", as well as "around 5000 short stories (not confirmed) for children including the famous series of Umro Aiyyar."

## Biography

Mazhar was born to Mr. Hamid Yar Khan who was a Police officer. He did his B.A. from Emerson College and did M.A. (Urdu) from the Multan Campus of Punjab University. Mazhar Kaleem was born on 22 July 1942 in Multan. His father Hamid Yar Khan was a retired police Inspector. He belonged to a Pathan family, "Muhammad Zai" in Multan, who settled in Multan after migrating from Afghanistan in the late 19th century. His original name is Mazhar Nawaz Khan; however he is now only known as his literary pen name, Mazhar Kaleem Khan.
He studied in Islamia high school Multan and graduated from Emerson College (Current Government College) . He was a color holder in basketball and bodybuilding from Emerson College. After graduating he taught as a master in a government high school, Daulat Gate, but he left it to pursue more studies at the University of Multan (currently Bahauddin Zakariya University) to do his M.A. in Urdu Literature and LL.B. He was a senior lawyer in Multan Bench of Lahore High Court. Professionally he was a lawyer and not a novelist which was his part-time hobby. He was also anchor person of a radio talk show from Radio Multan. His original name is Mazhar Nawaz Khan while Kaleem is his literary adoption. He had two sons and four daughters but his eldest son Faisal Jan died at the age of 31. The second son Fahad Usman Khan is working in a Multinational Bank.
Mazhar Kaleem is a contemporary of Ibn-e-Safi in writing Imran series and he just used the few principal characters but always had a different style. While many writers notably Safdar Shaheen & Ibne-Rahat tried to cash in on the popularity of Imran he is unparalleled now as undisputed master of writing Imran Series. He has written over four hundred novels. He was based in Multan.

## Works

He has written over five hundred books in Imran Series both mystery long and short novels of Imran Series and short stories for children.

## Stories

* Action Agency
* Basashi
* Be Jurm
* Black Sun
* Black Feather
* Blue Eye
* Double White
* Dus Crore May Dou Shetaan
* Fohag International
* Gang war
* Hawk Eye
* HaaraKari
* Kamran Mission
* Limelight
* Sabolat
* Safli Dunya
* Shogi Pama
* Silver Girl
* Terntola
* Weather boss
* Asadam
* Chief Agent
* Dashing Agent
# List of Olympic female artistic gymnasts for Algeria

Gymnastics events have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1896. Farah Boufadene became the first Algerian female artistic gymnast to compete at the Olympic Games, doing so in 2016. Kaylia Nemour won the gold medal on uneven bars at the 2024 Olympic Games. In doing so, she began the first Algerian gymnast, as well as the first gymnast from the African continent, to win an Olympic medal.

## Gymnasts

| Gymnast | Years |
| Farah Boufadene | 2016 |
| Kaylia Nemour | 2024 |

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Year | Event |
| Gold | Kaylia Nemour | 2024 Paris | Women's uneven bars |
# Kuchiamora Union

Kuchiamora Union (Bengali: কুচিয়ামোড়া ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Magura Sadar Upazila, in Magura District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 35.40 square kilometres (13.67 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 31,792. There are 17 villages and 16 mouzas in the union.
# Nicolas Bernardo

Nicolas Reis Bernardo (born 4 June 1999), sometimes known as just Nicolas, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Portuguese club Pedras Salgadas on loan from GD Chaves.
He was included in The Guardian's "Next Generation 2016".

## Club career
### Santos

Born in São Paulo, Nicolas Bernardo joined Santos' youth setup at the age of nine, and signed his first professional contract on 18 December 2015. In December 2018, after already featuring with the B-team in the Copa Paulista, he renewed his contract for a further year.
In March 2020, after failing to agree new terms and with his contract expired in December 2019, Nicolas Bernardo left Peixe.

### Chaves

On 14 August 2020, Nicolas Bernardo moved abroad and signed a three-year contract with Portuguese LigaPro side GD Chaves. He made his professional debut on 18 September, coming on as a second-half substitute for José Gomes in a 0–0 home draw against Varzim SC.

## Career statistics

    As of 2 November 2020.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State League | State League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Santos | 2018 | Série A | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Chaves | 2020–21 | LigaPro | 4 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 0 |

### Notes

* ↑ Appearance(s) in Copa Paulista
# Mandilaria

Mandilaria (Greek: Μαντηλαριά) is a red Greek wine grape variety that is grown throughout the Greek Isles. The grape is often used as a blending component, producing deeply colored wines that are light bodied.

## Synonyms

Mandilaria is also known under the synonyms Amorgiano, Amourguiano, Armorgiano, Dombrena Mavri, Domvrena Mavri, Doubraina Mavri, Doubrena Mavri, Doumbrena Mavri, Doumpraina Mavri, Doympraina Mavre, K'ntoura Kai M'ntoura, Kontoura, Koudoura Mavri, Koundour A Mavri, Koundoura Mavri, Kountoura, Kountoura Mavri, Kountoyro, Koutoura, Koyntoura, Koyntoura Mavre, Kytoura, Mandalari, Mandilari, Mantelaria, Mantilari, Mantilaria, Montoyra, and Tsoumpraina Mavri.
# Darreh Zang, Susan

Darreh Zang (Persian: دره زنگ) is a village in Susan-e Sharqi Rural District, Susan District, Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 195, in 37 families.
# Ekhoni Somoy

Ekhoni Somoy (English: It is the time) (Bengali: এখনি সময়) is a 1980 Bangladeshi film starring Bobita and Ujjal. Abdullah Al Mamun garnered Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Director for the film.

## Music

Sheikh Saadi Khan composed score where Sabina Yasmin lent her voice to the songs.

## Awards
### Bangladesh National Film Awards

* Best Director - Abdullah Al Mamun
# Darvish Beygeh

Darvish Beygeh (Persian: درويش بيگه, also Romanized as Darvīsh Beygeh) is a village in Sanjabi Rural District, Kuzaran District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 89, in 17 families.
# Balderlu

Balderlu (Persian: بالدرلو, also Romanized as Bālderlū) is a village in Bakeshluchay Rural District, in the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 404, in 111 families.
# OFC Kom Berkovitsa

OFC Kom (Bulgarian: ОФК Ком) is a Bulgarian football club from the town of Berkovitsa, currently playing in the North-West Third League, the third level of Bulgarian football.
The club's home ground is the Mramor Stadium in Berkovitsa, with a capacity of 3,000. Team colours are white, red, black and yellow.

## Honours

* Cup of Bulgarian Amateur Football League
** Winners: 2007–08
* Eleventh place in the Western "B" group: 2008/09
* 1/8 Finalist in the National Cup Tournament: at that time its official name was Cup of Bulgaria – 2010/11

## History

Football Club Kom was founded in 1957. In 1972 the club qualified for Bulgarian second division, but five years later were relegated in amateur division.
In summer 2007 FC Kom merged with another amateur club – FC Minyor 2002 Draganitsa. The new club was named Kom-Minyor and in his first season finished in third position in third division. Thus Kom-Minyor qualified for the Bulgarian second professional division for the second time in his history. In 2007–08 season the club won and the Cup of Amateur Football League. The team have since forfeited their place in the league for the 2010–11 season.
In March 2011, the team decided to cancel its participation in the Bulgarian B Professional Football Group due to financial difficulties and the club was administratively relegated to the amateur divisions. After a few days the club was dissolved.
In 2012 FC Kom was restored.

## Last squad

As of August 31, 2010
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | BUL | Borislav Dragomirov |
| 2 | DF | BUL | Aleksandar Goranov |
| 3 | DF | BUL | Kostadin Boshikyov |
| 4 | MF | BUL | Emanuil Petrov |
| 5 | DF | BUL | Anton Vergilov |
| 7 | DF | BUL | Chavdar Dimitrov |
| 8 | MF | BUL | Yordan Todorov |
| 9 | FW | BUL | Blagovest Todorov |
| 10 | MF | BUL | Ilian Antonov |
| 11 | MF | BUL | Nikola Boychev |
| 12 | GK | BUL | Georgi Sholevski |
| 13 | DF | BUL | Galab Gerasimov |
| 14 | MF | BUL | Georgi Nedyalkov |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 15 | MF | BUL | Rosen Kolev |
| 17 | MF | BUL | Dilyan Kolev |
| 19 | DF | BUL | Milen Gotsov |
| 22 | MF | BUL | Vladimir Georgiev |
| 24 | DF | BUL | Kaloyan Zarchov |
| 26 | GK | BUL | Petar Petrov |
| 77 | MF | BUL | Dilyan Dimitrov |
| 88 | MF | BUL | Miroslav Marinov |
| 90 | MF | BUL | Svetoslav Kostov |
| 99 | GK | BUL | Slavi Petrov |
# Dastan Ensemble

Dastan Ensemble is an Iranian classical music ensemble. Founded in 1991 by tar player Hamid Motabassem, Dastan has performed concerts throughout the world.
Hamid Motebassem founded it with musicians Morteza Ayan, Mohammad Ali Kiani Nejad, Kayhan Kalhor, and Ardeschir Kamkar.
Since 2000, the current main members are Saeed Farajpouri, Hossein Behroozi-Nia, Pejman Hadadi, Behnam Samani.
Many Iranian artists contribute with recordings or concerts, such as Parisa, Homayoun Shadjarian, Sima Bina, Iraj Bastami, Bijan Kamkar or Shahram Nazeri.
In 2003, they received the award "Prix du disque" from the Académie Charles-Cros in the field of world music for their album Shoorideh.

## Members

* Hossein Behroozinia (Barbat)
* Hamid Motebassem (Tar and Setar)
* Pejman Hadadi (Percussion)
* Saeed Farajpouri (Kamancheh)
* Behnam Samani (Percussion)

## Former members

* Sima Bina
* Shahram Nazeri
* Iraj Bastami
* Kayhan Kalhor
* Homayoun Shajarian
* Parisa
* Salar Aghili
* Pouya Saraei (Santour)
* Sadigh Tarif
* Mahdieh Mohammadkhani
* Arjang Ataollahi
# Anthrenus tarnawskii

Anthrenus (Anthrenus) tarnawskii is a species of carpet beetle found in Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa (Transvaal).
# Thunder Hill Provincial Park

Thunder Hill Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.
# Thor Bekeng

Thor Bekeng (1905 – 27 March 1977) was a Norwegian politician. He joined the Nasjonal Samling party in 1935. Bekeng was appointed county governor in Troms county, Norway, in January 1941. In April 1941 he was given the additional task of running the administration of the neighboring Finnmark county. On 14 June 1941, he was appointed as county governor in Finnmark after the governor Hans Gabrielsen was arrested by the occupation government of Norway. He served as the Nasjonal Samling's governor of Finnmark until 1944. After the liberation of Finnmark began, Peder Holt was appointed to be the acting governor of Finnmark.
# Nilson (footballer, born 1991)

José Nilson dos Santos Silva (born 6 April 1991), simply known as Nilson, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward.

## Club career

Born in São Paulo, Nilson joined Vasco da Gama's youth setup in 2010, after starting it out at Portuguesa. He made his first team – and Série A – debut for the former on 6 June 2010, starting in a 0–4 away loss against Santos.
After being rarely used by Vasco, Nilson was loaned to Série B sides Criciúma, Paraná and Bragantino, but appeared sparingly for all clubs, and was released in December 2013.
On 28 February 2014, Nilson joined Boa Esporte permanently, but after again being a backup, moved to Icasa on 19 September. With the latter he scored a brace in a 3–1 home win against Náutico on 1 November.
On 16 January 2015, Nilson signed for São Bento. After featuring regularly for the club, he joined Cianorte on 16 April. On 19 May 2015 he was loaned to Santos until the end of the year.
Nilson's spell at Peixe was mainly associated to his ugly late miss in the 2015 Copa do Brasil Final against Palmeiras, where he sent the ball wide as the goal was empty. He was subsequently released by the club, and moved to Ventforet Kofu on 8 January 2016.
On 18 January 2017, Nilson signed for Novorizontino.
In November 2020, Nilson joined Hong Kong Premier League club Pegasus.

## Career statistics

    As of 3 April 2018
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State League | State League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Vasco | 2010 | Série A | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Criciúma | 2011 | Série B | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Paraná | 2012 | Série B | 8 | 1 | — | — | 6 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 14 | 3 |
| Bragantino | 2013 | Série B | 6 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 1 |
| Boa Esporte | 2014 | Série B | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 |
| Icasa | 2014 | Série B | 9 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 | 12 | 4 |
| São Bento | 2015 | Paulista | — | — | 10 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | 2 |
| Cianorte | 2015 | Paranaense Série Prata | — | — | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 |
| Santos | 2015 | Série A | 13 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 16 | 1 |
| Ventforet Kofu | 2016 | J1 League | 6 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 9 | 1 |
| América Mineiro | 2016 | Série A | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Novorizontino | 2017 | Paulista | — | — | 7 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 1 |
| São Bento | 2017 | Série C | 5 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Bangu | 2018 | Carioca | — | — | 7 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 62 | 8 | 27 | 6 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 104 | 17 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Copa Fares Lopes

## Honors
### Icasa

* Copa Fares Lopes: 2014
Nilson finished the first leg of the 2022/23 Thai League 2 season as leading goal scorer with 10 goals.
# Helliwell

Helliwell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Helliwell (born 1935), Canadian rower
* Ian Helliwell (born 1962), English footballer
* John Helliwell (born 1945), English musician: saxophonist, keyboardist and woodwind player for the rock band Supertramp
* John F. Helliwell (born 1937), Canadian economist
* John R. Helliwell (born 1953), British chrystallographer
* Luke Helliwell (born 1988), English rugby player
* Robert Helliwell (1920–2011), electrical engineer and professor at Stanford University
* Sid Helliwell (1904–1939), footballer
* Wade Helliwell (born 1978), Australian basketball player