OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bob Rose (Manitoba Liberal)

Robert D. (Bob) Rose (born July 16, 1931) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1988 to 1990, representing the south Winnipeg riding of St. Vital for the Manitoba Liberal Party.
Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Rose worked as a broker before entering political life.

## Political career
### Municipal

In the 1983 Winnipeg municipal elections, Rose was elected as a school trustee in the St. Vital school division at his first attempt. He served one three-year term. In the 1986 Winnipeg municipal election, he was elected to Winnipeg City Council, for the St. Vital ward of Glenlawn, defeating Al Ducharme, who had represented the ward since 1977.

### Provincial

The New Democratic Party government of Manitoba, led by Howard Pawley, fell in 1988 when NDP backbencher Jim Walding—the Member of the Legislative Assembly for St. Vital—took the unprecedented step of voting against his own government's budget. Rose ran in the 1988 provincial election in St. Vital and defeated his closest competitor, Progressive Conservative candidate Paul Herriot, by 817 votes; Walding did not stand. The Liberals increased their legislative strength from one to twenty in this election, and Rose sat as a member of the official opposition for the next two years. In the election of 1990, he lost by 118 votes to Tory Shirley Render amid a general decline in support for his party. He has not sought a return to political life since this time.

### Election results

vte1986 Winnipeg municipal election: Councillor, Glenlawn Ward :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Liberal | Liberal | Bob Rose | 2,825 | 53.44 |
| Conservative | Conservative | (x)Al Ducharme | 2,461 | 46.56 |
| Source: City of Winnipeg |||||||
1988 Manitoba general election: St. Vital :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Bob Rose | 4,431 | 42.22 | +27.16 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Paul Herriot | 3,614 | 34.43 | -5.19 |
| | New Democratic | Gerri Unwin | 2,282 | 21.74 | -23.59 |
| | Western Independence | Katharina Cameron | 123 | 1.17 | n/a |
| | Libertarian | Trevor Wiebe | 46 | 0.44 | n/a |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 10,496 | 100.00 | - |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 18 | – | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 10,514 | 79.08 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 13,296 |
| Source: Elections Manitoba |||||||
# Arthur Salm

Arthur Salm (4 March 1904 – 28 July 1988) was an American philatelist who was added to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1980. At Muchen 1973 he won the Grand Prix National for his collection of Thurn and Taxis.
# Osterby, Rendsburg-Eckernförde

Osterby (Danish: Østerby) is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is mostly rural.

## Location and transport

Osterby is located on the Osterbek stream, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) west of Eckernförde in the Hüttener Berge hills, south of Hummelfeld, Fleckeby and Windeby and north of Hütten, Damendorf and Groß Wittensee. Bundesstraße 203 from Rendsburg to Eckernförde passes to the southeast and Bundesstraße 76 from Eckernförde to Schleswig to the north.

## History

The first recorded mention of Osterby is on 7 October 1528 as Osterbuj. It was a Jutish settlement (Danish by) on the eastern edge of a forest that lay between the Eider and the Schlei. In the Middle Ages, the forest and bog land between the two rivers formed a natural barrier between the Danes and the Saxons, until the Saxons advancing from the south mixed with the Jutes around 1550. From an early period, the inhabitants of Osterby cleared forest and bog land to add to their holdings, as shown by old farm names such as Holzkoppel, Haselhorst, Moorwiese and Wolfsbrook.
The village was hotly contested in the First Schleswig War in 1848, commemorated in a stone erected to mark the 50th anniversary in 1898, which bears the inscription Up ewig ungedeelt.
Until 1950, Osterby was an entirely agricultural village, with craftsmen and shops serving the residents. In the last 25 years it has added some new residential development and become a bedroom community for Eckernförde.

## Governance

There are 11 seats on the council; since the 2013 election, five have been held by the CDU and three each by the SPD and the KWG Free Voters association.

### Coat of arms

The blazon on the coat of arms of Osterby includes a silver bar of waves representing the Osterbek, with a golden sun above it and a Suebian knot in silver beneath, representing Osterby Man, a bog body skull found southeast of the village in 1948.

## Commerce and education

Osterby has several farms, an inn and a shop. There are two kindergartens. Further schooling and other businesses are located in Eckernförde.
# Oberdorff

Oberdorff (German: Oberdorf) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
The locality of Odenhoven is included in the commune.
# Adur, Iran

Adur (Persian: عدور, also Romanized as ʿAdūr) is a village in Zilayi Rural District, Margown District, Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 109, in 18 families.
# Chahar Zabar-e Sofla

Chahar Zabar-e Sofla (Persian: چهارزبرسفلي, also Romanized as Chahār Zabar-e Soflá; also known as Chahār Zabar-e ‘Alīnaqī Khānī, Chahār Zabar-e Pā'īn, Chahār Zebr-e Pā’īn, and Chehār Zabar) is a village in Mahidasht Rural District, Mahidasht District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 356, in 76 families.
# Sabetta International Airport

Sabetta International Airport (Russian: Международный аэропорт Сабетта) (IATA: SBT, ICAO: USDA) is an airport in Sabetta, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia (in the Arctic).

## History

In 2009, when Novatek took control over the Yamal LNG in the Yuzhno-Tambeyskoye gas field, it identified the lack of transport infrastructures as one of the weaknesses of its development plan for the plant. Gazprom owns an airport 170 km from Sabetta's site, but building a new airport next to the Yamal LNG plant seemed more strategic. Constructions started in 2012. Built from scratch, Sabetta International Airport became operational in 2014. UTair's Boeing 737 was the first to land on the runway on 4 December 2014. The terminal became operational during the summer of 2015, and got its international certification in October 2015
In March 2015, UTair Aviation started weekly flights from Moscow-Vnukovo to Sabetta, mainly to cater to employees of the large LNG plants of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

## Description

Due to the climate, Sabetta's runway is paved with 15,000 prestressed concrete plates PAG-18 (6x2m, 5.2 tons each). The runway is 2704m long and 46m wide. An AN-124 landed on the runway on 6 March 2017. The capacity of the runway enabled Volga-Dnepr Airlines and AirBridgeCargo to deliver parts of the Yamal LNG plant built in Germany and in China.
Sabetta International Airport's terminal has a processing capacity of 200 passengers per hour. A 4500 tons gas station enables planes to refuel for long-haul flights.
The Sabetta International Airport is owned and operated by Yamal LNG.

## Facilities

The airport services Airbus A320, Boeing-737, Boeing 767, Sukhoi Superjet 100, Antonov An-124, Ilushin Il-76 and all lighter types of aircraft.
* Aircraft at Sabetta International Airport

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Red Wings Airlines | Moscow–Domodedovo |
| Utair | Moscow–Vnukovo |
Sabetta International Airport should also connect flights to France and China as part of the deals between shareholders of Yamal LNG (French Total with 20% and Chinese China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corp. -CNODC with 20%).
# Meghmallar

Meghmallar (Bengali: মেঘমল্লার, also known in English as Raincoat) is a 2014 Bangladeshi drama film directed by Zahidur Rahim Anjan. The film is an adaption of writer Akhtaruzzaman Elias's story titled "Raincoat". It was screened in the Discovery section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. It was screened at 51st International Film Festival of India in January 2021 in the Country in Focus section.

## Plot

An ordinary family of a chemistry teacher at a suburban government college, Nurul Huda, his wife Asma, daughter Sudha and Asma's brother Mintu goes through a life-altering experience during the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971. It happens when Mintu leaves to join the Freedom Fighters one morning. Asma secretly continues to correspond with her brother. One rainy day, Nurul goes to a school function wearing Mintu's raincoat to protect him from the ceaseless rains. Government forcefully arrests him on suspicion of being a rebel and takes him into custody. Nurul is then forced to make a decision that will affect both the destiny of his family and the whole country.

## Cast

* Shahiduzzaman Selim as Nurul Huda, a chemistry teacher at a suburban government college
* Aparna Ghosh as Asma, Nurul Huda's wife
* Jayanta Chattopadhyay as Mintu, Asma's brother
* Marjan Hossain Zara as Sudha, Nurul Huda and Asma's daughter
* Mostafiz Shahin as Pakistani Military Personnel
* Adnan Sobhan Evan as Pakistani Military Personnel

## Production

This film was made under the banner of Bengal Creations Ltd. The music for the film is directed by Abhijit Basu from Kolkata (India).
# Birendra Highway

Birendra Highway (National Highway 36, NH36, or Chandranigahpur–Bairaganiya) (Nepali: वीरेन्द्र राजमार्ग) is a national highway of Nepal, located in Rautahat District of Madhesh Province. The total length of the highway is 45.44 kilometres (28.24 mi).
# Arco

Arco may refer to:

## Places

* Arco, Trentino, a town in Trentino, Italy
* Arco, Idaho, in the United States
* Arco, Minnesota, a city in the United States
* ARCO Arena in Sacramento, California, home of the Sacramento Kings

## Companies

* ARCO (brand), a brand of gasoline service stations that is currently owned by Marathon Petroleum in Mexico and parts of the United States
* ARCO Chemical, a chemical company formed in 1986 by spinning off a subsidiary from the Atlantic Richfield Company
* ARCO Group, a Belgian cooperative holding company
* Atlantic Richfield Company, the Atlantic Richfield Company, formerly an independent American petroleum company (1966-2000), currently a subsidiary of BP
* ARCO Solar, a former subsidiary of the Atlantic Richfield Company that manufactured solar panels.

## Music

* Arco, a directive in music for string instruments to return to bowing after playing pizzicato; see bowing
* Associate of the Royal College of Organists, a professional diploma for church organists awarded by the Royal College of Organists
* Arco (band), a British slowcore band

## People

* Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley (1897–1945), commonly known as Anton Arco-Valley, murdered Kurt Eisner
* Georg von Arco (1869–1940), early wireless pioneer
* Jean Baptist, Comte d'Arco (c. 1650–1715), a diplomat and Generalfeldmarschall
* Johann Philipp d'Arco (1652–1704), a soldier who served Habsburg Austria

## Other uses

* Arco (ARDM-5), a type of U.S. Navy floating drydock
* Arco (lamp), a 1962 design, subject of 2006 intellectual property dispute
* A shortened form of arcology
* A male given name in the Netherlands, for example: Arco Jochemsen, a Dutch footballer
* Arco (video game), a 2024 indie tactical role-playing game.
# Velas Sudamerica 2010

Velas Sudamerica 2010 or Regata del Bicentenario Velas Sudamerica 2010 or, more commonly, Regata del Bicentenario, was a 2010 historic tall ship gathering and touring of Latin America to celebrate the bicentennial of the first national governments of Argentina and Chile, assembled in May and September 1810, respectively. The event was organized by the Argentine and Chilean navies.

## Route

The touring performed around the Latin American continent for nearly five months (traveling about 15,000 nautical miles) and visited thirteen regional ports. It began on 7 February 2010 in Rio de Janeiro, headed south to the South Atlantic, turned around Cape Horn to reach the Pacific Ocean (although some ships chose to cross through the Strait of Magellan for safety reasons), and headed north to cross the Panama Canal and finish on June 28 in Veracruz.

## Participants

| Sail ship | Country | Port of registry |
| ARA Libertad | Argentina | Buenos Aires |
| Esmeralda | Chile | Valparaiso |
| ARC Gloria | Colombia | Cartagena |
| Guayas | Ecuador | Guayaquil |
| Capitán Miranda | Uruguay | Montevideo |
| Simon Bolivar | Venezuela | La Guaira |
| Juan Sebastián de Elcano | Spain | Cadiz |
| ARM Cuauhtémoc | Mexico | Acapulco |
| NRP Sagres | Portugal | Lisbon |
| Cisne Branco | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro |
| Europa | Netherlands | The Hague |
| Xplore | Panama | Panama City |
| USCGC Eagle | U.S. | New London, Connecticut |
# Roy Garden

Roy George Garden (20 March 1961 – 20 January 2023) was an international lawn and indoor bowler from Zimbabwe.
Garden was born in Bulawayo in 1961 and was educated in Bulawayo, Harare and Mutare. He joined the police force in 1980, briefly serving in the British South Africa Police before it became the Zimbabwe Republic Police. He left the police in 1983. In 1998, he competed in the Commonwealth Games where he won the gold medal in the singles at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
He retired from international competition in January 2014. He died in 20 January 2023 at the age of 62.
# Ilam University

33°39′N 46°22′E﻿ / ﻿33.650°N 46.367°E﻿ / 33.650; 46.367
Ilam University or University of Ilam (Persian: دانشگاه ایلام) is a public university in Ilam, capital of Ilam province, Iran. The university is affiliated with, and supervised by Iranian Government's Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Before it became a university, its precursor was Ilam School of Animal Husbandry (affiliated with Razi University), established in 1976 which later turned into Ilam Faculty of Agriculture restructured in post-revolution era following the Cultural Revolution in Iran.
As of 2023, the university has associate, bachelor's, master's and PhD degree programs in seven faculties and 120 majors with more than 7500 enrolled students. The university has 221 members of academic staff and 389 employees. The seven faculties are Faculty of Petroleum and Gas, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Paraveterinary and Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies.
Ilam University offers programs for Iraqi students. In 2023, memorandums of cooperation were signed between Ilam University and Iraqi universities including University of Baghdad, Al-Mustansiriya University, University of Technology, Al Maarif University College and Al-Mustaqbal University.
# Ajdabiya District

Ajdabiya (Arabic: إجدابيا) is a former district of Libya. It lay in the northeastern part of the country. Its capital was Ajdabiya. As of 2007, it was subsumed within the enlarged Al Wahat District.
When Ajdabiya district was in existence from 2001 to 2007, it had, in the north, a short stretch of coastline on the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it bordered the following districts:
* Hizam al Akhdar - northeast
* Al Wahat - east
* Kufra - southeast
* Jufra - southwest
* Sirte - west
Ajdabiya district previously also existed from 1987 to 1995 when it covered a larger area, including all of the 2001-2007 Al Wahat District, and some additional area to the south.

## Towns and villages 2001-2007

Ajdabiya, Al Hiri, Labba, Mawahi, El Agheila, Shawashina, Shurraf, Awjila, Zuwetina, Brega, Jalu, Jikharra, Marada, Masliwa, Qaryat Bishr, Rashida, and Sultan.
# Paband, Zanjan

Paband (Persian: پابند, also Romanized as Pāband; also known as Pavand) is a village in Sojas Rud Rural District, Sojas Rud District, Khodabandeh County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 560, in 134 families.
# Magnus Bruun

Magnus Bruun Nielsen (born 3 January 1984) is a Danish actor. He is known internationally for portraying Cnut of Northumbria in the television series The Last Kingdom and the male version of Eivor in the video game Assassin's Creed Valhalla.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2018–2020 | The Last Kingdom | Cnut of Northumbria | |
| 2019 | Gentleman Jack | Count Blücher | |

### Video games

| Year | Game | Role | Notes |
| 2020 | Assassin's Creed Valhalla | Eivor (male) / Varin / Odin | Voice |
| 2022 | Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II | Klaus Fisker | Voice |

### Web

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2021 | Geek Dhaba (Podcast by TSF) | Himself | Interview |
# Neil Hagerty

Neil Michael Hagerty (born 1965) is an American musician, singer-songwriter and record producer. He is best known for his work in Royal Trux which he formed with his partner Jennifer Herrema, with whom he lived in Washington, Virginia.
Hagerty released several solo albums since Royal Trux's demise in 2001, followed by recordings under the moniker The Howling Hex. He also performed as a guitarist and songwriter in Pussy Galore and Weird War. Hagerty is the author of two books, Victory Chimp (1997), a science fiction novel, and Public Works (2005), a collection of short essays.
On 14 April 2023 Hagerty was arrested in Denver, Colorado after allegedly assaulting three police officers who had been called to the scene for a welfare check. Later that month, he was charged with three felonies — one count of second-degree assault against a police officer and two counts of attempting to disarm a peace officer — as well as two misdemeanor counts of resisting arrest in relation to the incident.
On 13 March 2024 charges against Hagerty were dismissed.

## Discography

* Neil Michael Hagerty CD, LP (2001)
* Plays That Good Old Rock and Roll CD, LP (2002)
* Neil Michael Hagerty & the Howling Hex CD, LP (2003)
# Bousso's holographic bound

The Bousso bound captures a fundamental relation between quantum information and the geometry of space and time. It appears to be an imprint of a unified theory that combines quantum mechanics with Einstein's general relativity. The study of black hole thermodynamics and the information paradox led to the idea of the holographic principle: the entropy of matter and radiation in a spatial region cannot exceed the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of the boundary of the region, which is proportional to the boundary area. However, this "spacelike" entropy bound fails in cosmology; for example, it does not hold true in our universe.
Raphael Bousso showed that the spacelike entropy bound is violated more broadly in many dynamical settings. For example, the entropy of a collapsing star, once inside a black hole, will eventually exceed its surface area. Due to relativistic length contraction, even ordinary thermodynamic systems can be enclosed in an arbitrarily small area.
To preserve the holographic principle, Bousso proposed a different law, which does not follow from black hole physics: the covariant entropy bound or Bousso bound. Its central geometric object is a lightsheet, defined as a region traced out by non-expanding light-rays emitted orthogonally from an arbitrary surface B. For example, if B is a sphere at a moment of time in Minkowski space, then there are two lightsheets, generated by the past or future directed light-rays emitted towards the interior of the sphere at that time. If B is a sphere surrounding a large region in an expanding universe (an anti-trapped sphere), then there are again two light-sheets that can be considered. Both are directed towards the past, to the interior or the exterior. If B is a trapped surface, such as the surface of a star in its final stages of gravitational collapse, then the lightsheets are directed to the future.
The Bousso bound evades all known counterexamples to the spacelike bound. It was proven to hold when the entropy is approximately a local current, under weak assumptions. In weakly gravitating settings, the Bousso bound implies the Bekenstein bound and admits a formulation that can be proven to hold in any relativistic quantum field theory. The lightsheet construction can be inverted to construct holographic screens for arbitrary spacetimes.
A more recent proposal, the quantum focusing conjecture, implies the original Bousso bound and so can be viewed as a stronger version of it. In the limit where gravity is negligible, the quantum focusing conjecture predicts the quantum null energy condition, which relates the local energy density to a derivative of the entropy. This relation was later proven to hold in any relativistic quantum field theory, such as the Standard Model.
# Alvey

The Alvey Programme was a British government sponsored research programme in information technology that ran from 1984 to 1990. The programme was a reaction to the Japanese Fifth Generation project, which aimed to create a computer using massively parallel computing/processing. The programme was not focused on any specific technology such as robotics, but rather supported research in knowledge engineering in the United Kingdom. It has been likened in operations to the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and Japan's ICOT.

## Background

During the early 1980s, Japan invited the United Kingdom to become a part of the Fifth Generation Project. In October 1981, a Department of Industry mission to Japan consisting of academics, civil servants and business representatives explored collaboration opportunities and attended the Fifth Generation conference.$^{:16}$ Informed by negotiations between ICL and Fujitsu conducted to "ensure the survival of ICL", suggesting that collaboration would only be possible in "very specific areas agreed upon by individual companies", it was concluded that an emulation of the Japanese approach would be preferable to any attempt at participating in the Japanese programme.$^{:16–18}$
In response, a committee was created and was chaired by John Alvey, a technology director at British Telecom. The report generated proposed a different course of action to the Japanese initiative and became the basis for the UK's rejection of the Fifth Generation and the creation of its own Alvey Programme. The programme's fundamental goal was the improvement of the advanced information technology in the UK to address the declining performance of this sector. It operated in 1984 until 1990.
Alvey was not involved in the programme itself.
The main focus areas of the Alvey Programme were as follows:
* Advanced Microelectronics and VLSI
* Intelligent Knowledge Based Systems (IKBS) or Artificial Intelligence (AI)
* Software Engineering
* Man-Machine Interaction (including Natural Language Processing)
Alongside these areas, the provision of a communications infrastructure was a component of the programme. Various areas of endeavour were incorporated into the main focus areas. For example, systems architecture, specifically parallel processing, featured in the VLSI endeavour.