OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Claudias

Claudias or Qlaudia (Arabic: Qalāwdhiya; Syriac: Qlawdiyoye; Greek: Καλούδια, romanized: Kaloudia) was a fortress in the Taurus Mountains and, by extension, its district. Its precise location is now unknown.
Claudias was an ancient fortress, possibly identical with the Claudiopolis mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Historia naturalis (AD 77). This lay somewhere between Melitene and Samosata. Claudias is mentioned by Ptolemy, Ammianus Marcellinus (as Laudias), the Notitia Dignitatum and the Tabula Peutingeriana (as Glaudia). It guarded the valley of the Euphrates below Melitene and towards Anzitene. It may be identified with Kerar Kalesi in Pütürge.
Claudias changed hands several times during the early Arab–Byzantine wars. Most of northern Mesopotamia came under Arab rule in 637–642. The governor (epitropos) of Claudias in the late 7th century was a certain John, mentioned in the Life of Theodotus of Amida. The Emperor Constantine V captured Claudias from the Arabs and razed it in or about 755. The Christian population was transferred to Constantinople. The Caliph al-Mansur took and rebuilt it in 757 or 758. The Byzantines recaptured it in the early 10th century. It is mentioned in the late 10th-century Byzantine treatise on skirmishing, De velitatione bellica. By the late 11th century, it had passed into the hands of the Danishmendids. By that time it had declined in value as a fortress. Sources later than the 11th century refer only to the region and only on the basis of earlier writings.
Claudias is already mentioned as a district (Syriac athro d-beth qlawdiyoye) in the 6th-century Life of Barsauma (died c. 458) and the 8th-century Life of Theodotus. In 1066, some Armenians settled in the region. It is frequently mentioned in the later Syriac sources, Michael the Syrian and Bar Hebraeus. In the 13th century, Yāqūt believed that Ptolemy was a native of Claudias and called him al-Qalawdī. The 14th-century Persian writer Ḥamd-Allāh Mostawfi refers to Erqalawdiya as a fortress and a fertile region, but he is relying on early sources.
# Dietes bicolor

Dietes bicolor, the African iris, butterfly flag, fortnight lily, or peacock flower, is a clump-forming rhizomatous perennial plant with long sword-like evergreen pale green leaves, growing from multiple fans at the base of the clump. This species belongs to the iris family Iridaceae. It can form large clumps if left undisturbed for years. It is commonly cultivated in its native South Africa, where it is often used in public gardens, beautification of commercial premises and along roadsides. It is also cultivated in mild temperate zones elsewhere.
The blooms, appearing in spring and summer, are pale yellow with three dark purple spots, which may be so dark as to appear black. Each is surrounded by an orange outline. They are followed by a capsule that may bend the flower stalks to the ground. Ripe seeds (dark brown in colour) are dispersed when the capsule dries and splits.
The leaves of Dietes bicolor are narrower than those of Dietes grandiflora and Dietes iridioides, and tend to arch more.

## Cultivation

Plants prefer dappled-shade to full sun where they will flower in profusion, though they will grow in shaded areas (with an accompanying loss of flower production). This species, as well as Dietes grandiflora, is very drought tolerant.

## Gallery

* Flower
* Bud
* White variant
# St. Joan of Arc Catholic High School

St. Joan of Arc Catholic High School (also referred to as SJA) is a high school in Maple, Ontario, Canada, located in the city of Vaughan. It is administered by the York Catholic District School Board. Its student population is primarily composed of residents of Maple and other parts of northeastern Vaughan.

## Notable alumni

* Massimo Bertocchi, decathlete who competed in the 2008 Beijing Olympics placing 19th.
* Melanie Fiona, a musician who has won two Grammy Awards
# Robat-e Malek

Robat-e Malek (Persian: رباط ملك, also Romanized as Robāţ-e Malek; also known as Robāţ-e Malakī, Robāţ-e Malekī, and Robat Maleki) is a village in Jolgeh Rural District, in the Central District of Golpayegan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 352, in 112 families.
# Ujangram Union

Ujangram Union (Bengali: উজানগ্রাম ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Kushtia Sadar Upazila, in Kushtia District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 44.26 square kilometres (17.09 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 21,720. There are 15 villages and 11 mouzas in the union.
# Beiseker Airport

Beiseker Airport (TC LID: CFV2) is a registered aerodrome located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) east of Beiseker, Alberta, Canada, along Alberta Highway 9. The airport is located within rural Rocky View County.
# William Wyatt Pinching

William Wyatt "Nipper" Pinching (1851-1878) was a rugby union international who represented England in 1872.

## Early life

Nipper Pinching was born on 24 March 1851 in Gravesend, the third son of CJ Pinching. He attended Charterhouse School and went on to study medicine at Guy's Hospital Medical School.

## Rugby union career

Pinching made his international debut on 5 February 1872 at The Oval in the England vs Scotland match. This was the only match he played.

## Later life

Pinching became a surgeon but his life and career were cut short when he was lost overboard from the SS Eldorado, one day's sail from Colombo, on 16 August 1878.
# Raphael Andrade

Raphael Andrade da Silva (born September 7, 1982 in Rio de Janeiro), known as Raphael Andrade, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for GAMA as defender.

## Career statistics

    As of 15 February 2017
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State League | State League | Cup | Cup | Conmebol | Conmebol | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Brasiliense | 2011 | Série C | 13 | 0 | 21 | 1 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 38 | 1 |
| Patrocinense | 2012 | Mineiro Módulo II | — | — | 9 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 1 |
| Santa Helena | 2012 | Goiano B | — | — | 13 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13 | 1 |
| Remo | 2012 | Série D | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 |
| Bragantino | 2012 | Série B | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Bragantino | 2013 | Série B | 29 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 42 | 2 |
| Bragantino | Subtotal | Subtotal | 31 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 44 | 2 |
| Remo | 2014 | Série D | 10 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 24 | 1 |
| Remo | 2015 | Série D | — | — | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Remo | Subtotal | Subtotal | 10 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 27 | 1 |
| Brasília | 2015 | Brasiliense | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Paranoá | 2015 | Brasiliense B | — | — | 6 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 1 |
| Cabofriense | 2016 | Carioca | — | — | 10 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | 0 |
| Real FC | 2016 | Brasiliense B | — | — | 5 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Real FC | 2017 | Brasiliense | — | — | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Real FC | Subtotal | Subtotal | — | — | 7 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 57 | 3 | 92 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 158 | 9 |
* ↑ All appearance(s) in Copa Verde
* ↑ All appearance(s) in Copa Sudamericana
# Sufian, Urmia

Sufian (Persian: صوفيان, also Romanized as Şūfīān) is a village in Sumay-ye Jonubi Rural District, Sumay-ye Beradust District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 732, in 112 families.
# Abraham Belay

Abraham Belay (Amharic: አብራሃም በላይ) is an Ethiopian politician serving as the Minister of Water, Irrigation and Electricity since 2024. Belay served as the Minister of Defense from 2021. An ethnic Tigrayan, he previously served as the Minister of Innovation and Technology, and as president of the Tigray Region Prosperity Party.

## Career

He serves as a board member of the Ethiopian Roads Authority and the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. Previously, he also served as board chairman of the Ethiopian Communication Authority, Ethiopian Electric Power, the Metals and Engineering Corporation, the Ethiopian News Agency, and Ambo University.
# FK Svetlost Kukurečani

FK Svetlost Kukurechani (Macedonian: ФК Светлост Кукуречани) is a football club based in the village Kukurechani near Bitola, North Macedonia. They are currently competing in the Macedonian Third League (Southwest Division).

## History

The club was founded in 1949. Their biggest accomplishment was playing in the Macedonian Second League.
# Xovos

Xovos (Uzbek: Xovos, Russian: Хаваст, romanized: Khavast) is an urban-type settlement in Sirdaryo Region, Uzbekistan. It is the administrative center of Xovos District.

## History

The history of the region starts with the construction of railroad by the Russian Empire in 1889. The name itself was derived from a nearby village of the same name 3 kilometres southwards, which can be traced back to late 18th century.

## Demographics

The population of Khavast consists mainly of people with uzbek backgrounds, with up to 40 % of it being of Tajik backgrounds.

### Recent developments

Following the official visit of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev to Khavast on February 19, 2019, a large scale developments started in the town, the most notably 30 five-storey residential buildings, consisting of approximately 760 apartments and housing more than two thousand residents. The President also pointed out the pressing problems of water supply equipment in the town, and promised to take additional measures to address them. The visit sparked the developments and the construction nearly completed as of November 2019, making Khavast the town with one of the most affordable housing prices in whole Sirdaryo Region.
# Valour Cross

The Valour Cross (Danish: Tapperhedskorset) is the highest military decoration of Denmark. Established on 14 November 2011, and first awarded on 18 November 2011, it is awarded for outstanding acts of courage in combat.

## Criteria

The Valour Cross is presented for extraordinary courage occurring during combat, where the soldier acted altruistically in an obviously dangerous situation. Efforts are aimed at promoting the solution of an important task or to save the lives of others. The Valour Cross is the highest Danish military decoration; it is comparable to the British Victoria Cross or the United States' Medal of Honor.

## Description

The Valour Cross decoration is a silver cross pattée with a gilded edge, the lower arm being longer than the others. On the obverse in the center of the cross is a gold medallion with HM The Queen's monogram above the year 2010. Each of the four arms of the cross bear three letters each of the inscription FOR TAPPERHED (meaning "for valour"). The reverse is engraved with the name and grade of the recipient, as well as the location and year of the event for which they were honoured.
The Valour Cross is suspended from a white ribbon with a red center stripe. When worn as a ribbon bar it is the same as the Defence Medal for Bravery but bears a miniature of the gold medallion from the center of the cross.

## Recipients

Since the creation of the Valour Cross, there has been only one recipient of the decoration. This first recipient is Sergeant Casper Westphalen Mathiesen of the Engineer Regiment, based in Skive, Denmark. On 19 February 2010, while deployed to Afghanistan with ISAF, Sergeant Mathiesen risked his own life and well being to defend a wounded comrade during a firefight. His bravery under fire is credited with holding off the enemy and allowing his comrade to receive medical assistance.
| Name | Rank | Unit | Operation | Date of award | Reason awarded | Ref |
| Casper Westphalen Mathiesen [da] (born 1985) | Sergeant | Engineer Regiment | ISAF | 18 November 2011 | On 19 February 2010, during fighting, unhesitatingly and clearly recognising the risk of his own life and limb, provided cover for a wounded comrade by standing between him and the enemy. He maintained this very vulnerable position and fired on the enemy so that additional help could arrive. | |
# Belgarus

Belgarus (Persian: بل گروس, also Romanized as Belgarūs; also known as Belgares, Bolgores, and Bolgoros) is a village in Margha Rural District, in the Central District of Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 252, in 42 families.
# 5th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)

The 5th Infantry Division (Russian: 5-я пехотная дивизия, 5-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya) was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army that existed in various formations from 1806 until the end of World War I and the Russian Revolution. When the war broke out in 1914 it was based in Zhytomyr and was part of the 9th Army Corps.

## History

It was formed in 1806 as the 6th Infantry Division and was later reorganized into the 5th Infantry Division. The division took part in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 and fought near Plovdiv. It later served during World War I was demobilized around the time of the Russian Revolution and the subsequent unrest.

## Organization

Russian infantry divisions consisted of a staff, two infantry brigades, and one artillery brigade. The 5th Infantry Division was part of the 9th Army Corps as of 1914.
* 1st Brigade
** 17th His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich's Archangel Infantry Regiment
** 18th His Majesty the King of Romania's Vologda Infantry Regiment
* 2nd Brigade
** 19th Kostroma Infantry Regiment
** 20th Galich Infantry Regiment
* 5th Artillery Brigade

## Known commanders

| | Name | From | To |
| 1 | Lieutenant General Apostol Kostanda | 30 August 1864 | 6 November 1869 |
| 2 | Lieutenant General Duke Georgy Tumanov | 19 December 1897 | 2 June 1901 |
| 3 | Lieutenant General Evgeny Kakurin | 4 July 1901 | 1 June 1903 |
| 4 | Lieutenant General Dmitry Shuvayev | 10 January 1905 | 24 May 1908 |
| 5 | Lieutenant General Andrei Perekrestov | 10 June 1908 | after 1 January 1913 |
| 6 | Lieutenant General Pavel Parchevsky | 31 December 1913 | 1 March 1916 |

## Known chiefs of staff

| | Name | From | To |
| 1 | Colonel Mikhail Mirkovich | 11 April 1867 | 20 October 1869 |
| 2 | Colonel Vladimir Smirnov | 20 July 1884 | 1 April 1891 |
| 3 | Colonel Alexander Iyevreinov | 9 April 1891 | 28 December 1894 |
| 4 | Colonel Alexander Ragoza | 10 March 1898 | 27 April 1900 |
| 5 | Colonel Mikhail Yakovlev | 21 May 1900 | 8 May 1902 |
| 6 | Colonel Vasilyev | around 1903 | |
| 7 | Colonel Nikolai Ostryansky | 23 June 1904 | 14 August 1906 |
| 8 | Colonel Konstantin Yegoryev | 14 August 1906 | 3 June 1910 |
| 9 | Colonel Firsov | to 1913 | after April 1914 |
| 10 | Colonel Vasily Uperov | 23 February 1915 | 1 January 1916 |
# Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic

The Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic (abbr. CPDPR; Russian: Коммунистическая партия Донецкой Народной Республики; КПДНР, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya partiya Donetskoy Narodnoy Respubliki, KPDNR) was a communist party in the disputed Donetsk People's Republic, a federal subject of Russia that is de jure part of Ukraine, led by Boris Litvinov, formerly the chairman of the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic. It was a faction of the Donetsk Republic organization from 2014 to 2016. Since 2022, it has been a republican branch of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

## History

The CPDPR was founded on 8 October 2014. Boris Litvinov, who previously was the head of a regional branch of the Communist Party of Ukraine in the Kirovsky District, Donetsk, was proclaimed chairman of the party. Litvinov headed the People's Council from July to October 2014. After his dismissal as chairman of the People's Council, rumors emerged that Litvinov had been briefly arrested, yet Litvinov himself denied them.
Litvinov stated that the CPDPR would support the candidacy of Alexander Zakharchenko, the first President of the Donetsk People's Republic, in the 2014 general election for the country's premiership. The CPDPR themselves were banned from participating in the elections because the party "made too many mistakes" in their submitted documents. According to some Russian media, the final party's lists were edited in Moscow. Selected members were allowed to be on the party list for the Donetsk Republic political organization. Three members of the CPDPR were elected to the People's Council: Boris Litvinov, Vadim Zaibert, and Nikolai Ragozin. Zaibert was later killed in action and not replaced, thus leaving only two members of the party in the People's Council.
In 2015, the Leninist Communist Youth Union (Komsomol) of the party was founded, headed by First Secretary Vadim Popkov and Second Secretary Anton Saenko.
In 2016, Litvinov and Ragozin were expelled from the People's Council due to a "loss of confidence", thus leaving the party with no representatives.
In 2022, following the annexation of the Donetsk People's Republic by the Russian Federation, the CPDNR became a republican branch of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

## Program

The party's program is fully copied and is identical with the party's program of the banned Communist Party of Ukraine.
# Sushila Koirala

Sushila Koirala (Nepali: सुशीला कोइराला; 1923 – 13 July 2007) was a Nepalese classical dancer and theater director. She was the spouse of B. P. Koirala, the first democratically elected prime minister of Nepal. She was known for her contribution towards Nepali art, theatre, and girls’ empowerment; and for backstopping in democratic activities during the critical and raw era of social change and politics in Nepal.

## Personal life

Sushila Koirala was born in 1923 in Kapilvastu in Lumbini, Nepal. She married B. P. Koirala in 1936 and went to Biratnagar. She attended and completed school level education there in Biratngar. Later she studied at Banaras Hindu University in Banaras in India. She also studied Bharatnatyam and Kathak, two major forms of Indian classical dance in India. Sushila Koirala was also trained in Manipuri dance. Her husband B. P. Koirala has described her as "young and slim" in his autobiography entitled Atmabrittanta, and has added that she survived kala-azar.
Sushila Koirala died on 13 July 2007 in Kathmandu, Nepal.

## Career

Sushila Koirala always believed art, dance and music to be universal languages that unite everything and everyone around. In 1959, her husband had become the Prime Minister but she was never comfortable with the trappings of power around her. Rather, she decided to open a dance institute in Biratnagar and established a dance centre at her home there, which was possibly the first classical dance centre in Nepal. She would visit her husband in Kathmandu casually only during the necessity of her presence as the first lady of the country. It is said that once the then royal couple of Nepal asked her why she was not in Kathmandu acting as the hostess to her Prime Minister husband, and she responded that she had to give time to her dance center in Biratnagar.
When Sushila Koirala was in Patna in India during the 1950s, she actively worked to establish a performing art institution there too. She and her friends like Hari Uppal collected donation fund by door to door campaign to establish Bhartiya Nritya Kala Mandir there in Patna. They laid the foundation stone for the building of the institution in 1950. The institution was later got fully established and opened in 1963 when Koirala was facing the consequences of political crisis in Nepal.
Sushila Koirala made use of her dancing skills to earn money for the family during difficult times of her husband's imprisonment after 15 December 1960.

## Legacy

Sushila Koirala was passionate about dancing and she always wanted to open an art academy in Nepal. Koirala's granddaughter-in-law Yulia, opened Sushila Arts Academy named after her in Kathmandu.
Theatre group Aarohan Gurukul has named one of its theatre halls in Biratnagar as Sushila Koirala Theater on her honour. She was the first ever theatre director from the city. She had directed the play Ma by Balkrishna Sama in the year 1951.

## Honour and accolades

In 2007, Sushila Koirala was honoured with the Gangadevi Chaudhari Memorial Honor for "her contribution in women empowerment and awareness".
# National African Religion Congress

The National African Religion Congress (NARC) is an organization based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Formed by Gro Mambo Angela Novanyon Idizol in 1998, the organization aims to seek tolerance for African religions, as well as creating credentialing standards for priests and priestesses and working on legal issues of concern to such practitioners, such as having the legal power to perform marriages. NARC also publishes a Directory of Priests and Priestesses, and has organized conferences drawing practitioners of African-based religion from around the world.
# Durak, Susan-e Gharbi

Durak (Persian: دورك, also Romanized as Dūrak) is a village in Susan-e Gharbi Rural District, Susan District, Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. In the 2006 census, its population was 267 people across 47 families.
# Ylay-Talaa

Ylay-Talaa (Kyrgyz: Ылай-Талаа) is a village in Kara-Kulja District of Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 7,356 in 2021.
# Mark Sawers

Mark Sawers is a Canadian film director and writer. Best known for his feature films Camera Shy and No Men Beyond This Point, he is also a four-time Genie Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama for his films Stroke at the 13th Genie Awards, Hate Mail at the 14th Genie Awards, Shoes Off! at the 19th Genie Awards and Lonesome Joe at the 24th Genie Awards.
Shoes Off also won the Canal+ Award at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival.
As a television director, his credits have included segments of The Kids in the Hall, and episodes of Alienated, Alice, I Think, About a Girl, The Assistants, Mr. Young and Anticlimax.
From Vancouver, British Columbia, Sawers is a graduate of the University of British Columbia.

## Filmography

* Absolute Trash: A Recycling Story - 1980
* The Middle Child - 1989
* Stroke - 1992
* Hate Mail - 1993
* Shoes Off! - 1998
* Lonesome Joe - 2002
* Exposed - 2010
* Camera Shy - 2012
* No Men Beyond This Point - 2015
* Call from Josie - 2017
# Suisse, Moselle

Suisse (French pronunciation: ; German: Sülzen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Siddhicharan Highway

Siddhicharan Highway (NH20) (Nepali: सिद्धिचरण राजमार्ग) is a National Highway of Nepal located between Madhesh Province and Koshi Province. The total length of the highway is 193 kilometres (120 mi) which passes through Siraha District of Madhesh Province and Udayapur District, Okhaldhunga District, Solukhumbu District of Koshi Province. It starts in Terai region at Madar (Indo-Nepal border) and crosses NH01 (Mahendra Highway) in Mirchaiya Municipality and runs towards north where it passes through Sivalik Hills and enters in Inner Terai valley in Katari Municipality, at there it crosses NH09 (Madan Bhandari Inner Terai Highway) then it moves further north climbing Mahabharat Range or Lesser Himalayas where it crosses NH03 (Mid-Hills Highway and enters hilly town Okhaldhunga of Siddhicharan Municipality. It crosses NH75 at Okhaldhunga and runs further North towards Salleri. The distance between Okhaldhunga to Salleri is 57.7 kilometres (35.9 mi).

## Highway sections

Highway Details :
| Highway No. | Highway Link | Destinations (between) | Distance (KM) | Elevation (M) |
| NH20 | NH20-001 | Madar-Siraha | 08.45 | 94 |
| NH20 | NH20-002 | Siraha-Chauharwa | 18.21 | 155 |
| NH20 | NH01-018 | Chauharwa-Mirchaiya | 05.15 | 134 |
| NH20 | NH20-003 | Mirchaiya-Jyamire | 07.00 | 322 |
| NH20 | NH20-004 | Jyamire-Katari | 20.00 | 218 |
| NH20 | NH20-005 | Katari-Ghurmi | 48.47 | 442 |
| NH20 | NH03-017 | Ghurmi-Hilepani | 07.00 | 390 |
| NH20 | NH20-006 | Hilepani-Okhaldhunga | 35.20 | 1822 |
| NH20 | NH20-007 | Okhaldhunga-Mudhe Bisana | 20.71 | 3000 |
| NH20 | NH20-008 | Mudhe Bisana-Salleri | 37.00 | 2493 |
Source: