OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# U-48-class submarine

The U-48 class was a class of four submarines or U-boats planned for the Austro-Hungarian Navy (German: Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine or German: K.u.K. Kriegsmarine) during World War I. The design of the boats was based on plans purchased from the German firm AG Weser in January 1916. The Navy authorized Cantiere Navale Triestino to begin construction of the submarines in Pola in September 1916. Only two of the planned four boats were laid down, but neither of them was launched or completed. Both incomplete submarines were scrapped after the war ended.

## Design

Austria-Hungary's U-boat fleet was largely obsolete at the outbreak of World War I, and over the first two years of the war the Austro-Hungarian Navy focused its efforts on building a U-boat fleet for local defense within the Adriatic. With boats to fill that need either under construction or purchased from Germany, efforts were focused on building submarines for operation in the wider Mediterranean, outside the Adriatic.
In January 1916 Cantiere Navale Triestino (CNT) purchased plans for an 800-tonne (880-short-ton) submarine from the German firm AG Weser of Bremen. Austro-Hungarian Navy modifications to the plans resulted in a submarine that displaced 818 t (902 short tons) surfaced and 1,184 t (1,305 short tons) submerged. The boats were to be 240 feet 4 inches (73.25 m) long with a beam of 21 feet 11 inches (6.68 m) and a draft of 10 feet 10 inches (3.30 m). For propulsion, the design featured two shafts, with twin diesel engines of 2,400 bhp (1,800 kW) (total) for surface running at up to 16.25 knots (30.10 km/h), and twin electric motors of 1,200 shp (890 kW) (total) for submerged travel at up to 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h). The U-48 class boats were designed for a crew of 32 men.
The U-48 design called for six 45 cm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes—four bow tubes and two stern tubes—and carried a complement of nine torpedoes. The original design specified two 90 mm/35 (3.5 in) deck guns, which were superseded by two 120 mm/35 (4.7 in) deck guns in plans for the third and fourth boats.

## Construction

In September 1916, Cantiere Navale Triestino (CNT) received authorization to build two boats of the class, U-48 and U-49, with the proviso that the boats be built in Budapest with final assembly at the Pola Navy Yard. These first two boats, which comprised one-third of the six submarines under construction in 1916, were followed by orders for U-58 and U-59 before the war's end.
Although CNT had secured fully complete plans from Weser, the Austro-Hungarian design modifications delayed the start of construction. Additional changes after construction had begun slowed the boats' progress. Compounding this were shortages of both material and skilled shipyard workers, further slowing construction. As a result, neither of the first two boats was ever launched, much less completed, and the second pair was cancelled before either was laid down. U-48 was 70% complete at the war's end, while U-49 was only 55% complete. Both boats were scrapped in place in 1920.
# Lamsu Kola

Lamsu Kola (Persian: لمسوكلا, also Romanized as Lamsū Kolā and Lamsū Kalā; also known as Samsū Kolā) is a village in Firuzjah Rural District, Bandpey-ye Sharqi District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 100, in 28 families.
# Hosszúhetény

Hosszúhetény (Croatian: Hetinj, Etinj, Hetin, Jetin, German: Hetting, Heting, Langheting) is the most populous village in Baranya county, southwest Hungary, a significant centre of village tourism. It is located 18 kilometres northeast to Pécs, the county capital, in a valley between the feet of Zengő, the highest peak of the Mecsek mountains and the peak called Hármashegy.
It has a population of 3424 (as of 1 January 2010) and an area of 45.27 km$^2$ (17 sq mi).
The valley has been inhabited since the Stone Age. Two other nearby villages belong to the administration of Hosszúhetény: Püspökszentlászló and Kisújbánya.
Located in an environmentally protected area, a special microclimate producing rare flower species like Paeonia officinalis ssp, among picturesque mountains, the three villages are popular among tourists who arrive from all parts of Hungary and abroad. One of the main sites is the arboretum of the episcopal castle in Püspökszentlászló.
Tourism gives an increasing portion of the villagers' revenues after the decline of coal mining which flourished in the region between the 1950s and 1990.

## Geography

Between Hosszúhetény and Komló is the Takanyó Valley.

## NATO radar

In the 2000s the Hungarian government wanted to build a NATO radar station on the top of the Zengő, but the plan foundered in 2005 on fierce resistance from the inhabitants of Hosszúhetény and nearby Pécsvárad and environmentalist groups including Greenpeace.

## People

* Bertalan Andrásfalvy, politician, ethnographer
* Gyula Bocz, sculptor
* Zsuzsa Deák, graphic artist
* Alajos Degré, jurist
* Mária Fischer, writer
* Tamás Herbert, environmentalist
* Károly Hetényi Varga, writer

## International relations
### Twin towns — Sister cities

Hosszúhetény is twinned with:
* Morolo, Italy
* Hetin (Hungarian: Tamásfalva), Serbia
* Săvădisla (Hungarian: Tordaszentlászló), Romania
* Alfdorf, Germany
# Greek ship Nearchos

At least two ships of the Hellenic Navy have borne the name Nearchos (Greek: Νέαρχος) after the ancient Cretan admiral Nearchus:
* Greek destroyer Nearchos (D65), a Fletcher-class destroyer launched in 1943 as USS Wadsworth and transferred to Germany in 1959 as Z-3. She was transferred to Greece and renamed Nearchos in 1980 serving until scrapping in 1991.
* Greek destroyer Nearchos (D219), a Charles F. Adams-class destroyer launched in 1963 as USS Waddell she was transferred to Greece in 1992 and renamed. She was sunk as a target in 2006.
* Greek frigate Nearchos, a Belharra-class frigate under construction since 2022, projected to be commissioned in 2025.
# Cambridge Law Journal

The Cambridge Law Journal is a peer-reviewed academic law journal, and the principal academic publication of the Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge. It is published by Cambridge University Press, and is the longest established university law journal in the United Kingdom. Based on the outcomes of the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise a 2006 analysis ranked the journal as overall the 7th most influential in the United Kingdom.

## History

The Cambridge Law Journal was founded in 1921 as a student publication by the Cambridge University Law Society, though there was a Faculty editor, initially Arthur Lehman Goodhart, a fellow at Corpus Christi. Subsequent editors included Sir Percy Winfield (1929-47) and Stanley Bailey. The Journal was initially published by Stevens & Sons Ltd.
In 1954, its management was taken over by the Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, after which time it was published twice a year. The Journal described itself as published “Under the auspices of the Faculty of Law”. Goodhart would later explain that this was because there were not a sufficient number of students who were able to write case-notes of a suitable quality. The first editor was Stanley Bailey, who was succeeded by C.J. "Jack" Hamson, who carried on that role until 1973. In 1985, it was decided that the Journal should be published three times a year.
Michael Prichard took over the editorship from 1996 to 2002, when he was succeeded by David Ibbetson (2003–09) and then John Bell (legal scholar) (2010–19). In September 2021, a special issue was published the celebrate the centenary of the Journal.
# The Heathens of Kummerow

The Heathens of Kummerow (German: Die Heiden von Kummerow und ihre lustigen Streiche, lit. 'The Heathens of Kummerow and Their Funny Pranks') is a 1967 East German-West German family comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Paul Dahlke, Ralf Wolter and Fritz Tillmann. It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name, written by Ehm Welk and published in 1937.
The film's sets were designed by the art directors Senta Ochs and Alfred Tolle. Location shooting took place around Rügen.

## Plot

It is the era before World War I and short before Easter in the village of Kummerow in Pomerania, and a group of boys revive a custom of "heathen baptism". It is said that the villagers had resisted Christianization by remaining in the water during the baptism, which lived on as a traditional contest where boys will stand in the cold water, and the one who endures the longest is crowned "heathen king". This practice is not appreciated by the local pastor, although when the pastor and the illegally employed cowherd Krischan get into trouble with the miller Düker, the boys' talent for playing pranks comes in handy.

## Cast

* Paul Dahlke as Pastor Breithaupt
* Ralf Wolter as Krischan
* Fritz Tillmann as Müller Düker
* Rainer Penkert as Grambauer
* Theo Lingen as Sanftleben
* Günther Jerschke as Niemeier
* Wolfgang Jansen as Josef
* Jochen Sehrndt as Christian Wendland
* Hans Klering as Nachtwächter Bärensprung
* Horst Kube as Bauer Trebbin
* Irene Korb as Hermine Breithaupt
* Tatjana Iwanow as Frau Düker
* Angela Brunner as Luise Bärensprung
* Erika Müller-Fürstenau as Frau Grambauer
* Karin Heidemann as Ulrike Breithaupt
* Wolfgang Hinz as Hermann
* Jörg Resler as Martin Grambauer
* Gerald Schraml as Johannes
* Hans Bosenius as Kantor Kannegiesser
* Günter Drescher as Bauer Fiebelkorn
* Nico Turoff as Wirt Krüger
* Albert Zahn as Otto Kienbaum

## Production

The film is based on the 1937 novel The Heathens of Kummerow by Ehm Welk. The book was the third best selling novel written in Nazi Germany, and along with other novels by the apolitical humourist Welk, it became a modern classic in East Germany. The film adaptation was the first film co-produced by East and West Germany.
# Kersy Katrak

Kersy Katrak (1936–2007) was an Indian Parsi advertising personality and poet who rose to prominence with the advertising agency he founded in 1965, MCM (Mass Communication and Marketing). MCM revolutionized Indian advertising, offered great leeway to creatives, and managed to attract an enormous talent pool including Ajit Balakrishnan, Sudarshan Dheer, Veeru Hiremath, Ravi Gupta, Panna Jain, Arun Kale, Anil Kapoor, Mohammed Khan, Arun Kolatkar, Arun Nanda, Sunder Kaula and Kiran Nagarkar.
After MCM ended in 1975, Katrak went to live at the Mirtola ashram in the Himalayan foothills for several years. He returned to advertising in a consultant capacity in the 1980s.
Katrak wrote four collections of verse, A Journal of the Way and Diversions by the Wayside, in 1969, Underworld in 1979, and Purgatory: Songs from the Holy Planet in 1984, and was anthologized in several collections. A comprehensive collection and discussion of his poetic work, K D Katrak: Collected Poems, edited by William Mazzarella, was published in 2016.
# Punchbowl, Inc.

Punchbowl, Inc. is a social planning software developer based in Framingham, Massachusetts. The company runs Punchbowl.com, a web-based online invitations service and digital greeting cards site.

## History

Punchbowl was founded by Matt Douglas and Sean Conta, who previously worked together at Bose Corporation. The company was incorporated on April 11, 2006. However, it was officially launched on January 15, 2007, under the name MyPunchbowl.com as a free site for party planning.
The company was funded by Contour Venture Partners, Intel Capital, and eCoast Angels, receiving its seed round of funding on October 2, 2007, from lead investor Intel Capital. On September 16, 2008, Punchbowl announced its Series A round of funding in the amount of $2.1 million led by Contour Venture Partners.
In October 2014, Punchbowl unveiled a new user interface and launched the “Characters Kids Love” invitation collection which has grown to include collaborations with Disney, Nickelodeon, Sanrio, Hasbro, and more. The collection includes hundreds of branded invitations that feature characters from Marvel, PAW Patrol, Peppa Pig, Barbie, Sesame Street, Hello Kitty, My Little Pony, Transformers, and others.

## Awards

* Webby Award Honoree, Events, 2008
* Massachusetts Innovation & Technology Exchange (MITX) Award for Usability, 2008
* MITX Innovation Award, Best Consumer Tech that Makes Life Easier, 2011
* MITX Innovation Award, Best UX, 2015
# Catherine Jackson

Lady Catherine Hannah Charlotte Elliott Jackson (1824–1891), published the diaries and letters of her husband Sir George Jackson (1785–1861) and was a prolific author in her own right, especially in the area of European history and of the court of France in the 16th century.

## Life

She was the daughter of Thomas Elliot of Wakefield. She married the Knight Diplomat Sir George Jackson (1785–1861) on St Helena in 1856 as his second wife. He was a distinguished diplomat, and is best known for accompanying Sir Charles Stuart to Germany and entering Paris with him in 1815, and for his efforts in connection with the abolition of the slave trade.
A decade after her husband's death, she edited the diaries and letters of her husband's early career for publication in London by Richard Bentley and Son. On 19 June 1874 she was granted a pension in recognition of her husband's services.
She then studied a variety of French memoirs, and compiled from them several books on French society. A few of the better known including "Old Paris: its Court and Literary Salons", appeared in two volumes in 1878, and "The Court of France in the Sixteenth Century", also in two volumes. Correspondence with her London publishers survives.
Lady Jackson also wrote about art, especially Western painting, in her histories of the French royal court. In her book "The Court of France in the Sixteenth Century", she observed:
    "At about this time [speaking of the painter Raphael] only, movable pictures, to be hung on walls as ornaments, began to be in frequent demand. It is considered doubtful whether before the sixteenth century any such existed. For what would now be termed the easel pictures of the older masters have been detached from some articles of civil or ecclesiastical furniture."
As a widow Jackson lived at Upper Norwood, Surrey. She died at Bath on 9 December 1891.
# David Gibbs (businessman)

David Gibbs is an American businessman and CEO of Yum! Brands Inc.

## Career

Gibbs became the CEO of Yum! Brands Inc. on January 1, 2020. Before that, he served as the company's president and chief operating officer beginning in January 2019, and president and chief financial officer before that. He became a director of the board in November 2019.
Gibbs joined Yum! in 1989, and his service to the company has included worldwide planning, finance, international market management, overall operations and real estate.
He was also CEO of Pizza Hut, which is owned by Yum!, president and CFO of Yum! Restaurants International, Yum! Brands chief strategy officer and served in various real estate and restaurant development leadership roles in KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell.
In 2021, Gibbs's total compensation from Yum! Brands was $27.6 million, representing a CEO-to-median worker pay ratio of 2,108-to-1 for the company. In 2023, Gibbs's total compensation at Yum! Brands was $21.2 million, or 1,205 times the median employee pay at Yum! Brands for that year.

## Education

Gibbs received his BS in mathematics from the Johns Hopkins University and his MBA in finance from the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University.
# Siah Choqai-ye Sofla

Siah Choqai-ye Sofla (Persian: سياه چقاي سفلي, also Romanized as Sīāh Choqāī-ye Soflá; also known as Sīāh Choqā-ye Soflá) is a village in Mahidasht Rural District, Mahidasht District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 68, in 19 families.
# National Board of Review Awards 2001

73rd NBR Awards
December 5, 2001
Best Film:
Moulin Rouge!
The 73rd National Board of Review Awards, honoring the best in filmmaking in 2001, were announced on 5 December 2001 and given on 7 January 2002.

## Top 10 films

* Moulin Rouge!
* In the Bedroom
* Ocean's Eleven
* Memento
* Monster's Ball
* Black Hawk Down
* The Man Who Wasn't There
* A.I. Artificial Intelligence
* The Pledge
* Mulholland Drive

## Top Foreign Films

* Amores perros
* Behind the Sun
* Dark Blue World
* No Man's Land
* Amélie

## Winners

* Best Film:
** Moulin Rouge!
* Best Foreign Language Film:
** Amores perros, Mexico
* Best Actor:
** Billy Bob Thornton - The Man Who Wasn't There, Monster's Ball, Bandits
* Best Actress:
** Halle Berry - Monster's Ball
* Best Supporting Actor:
** Jim Broadbent - Iris and Moulin Rouge!
* Best Supporting Actress:
** Cate Blanchett - The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Man Who Cried, and The Shipping News
* Best Acting by an Ensemble:
** Last Orders
* Breakthrough Performance - Male:
** Hayden Christensen - Life as a House
* Breakthrough Performance - Female:
** Naomi Watts - Mulholland Drive
* Best Director:
** Todd Field - In the Bedroom
* Outstanding Directorial Debut:
** John Cameron Mitchell - Hedwig and the Angry Inch
* Best Screenplay:
** In the Bedroom - Robert Festinger and Todd Field
* Best Documentary Feature:
** The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition
* Best Animated Feature:
** Shrek
* Best Film made for Cable TV:
** Wit
* Career Achievement Award:
** Jon Voight
* Billy Wilder Award For Excellence In Directing:
** Steven Spielberg
* Special Filmmaking Achievement:
** Peter Jackson - The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
* Best Art Direction:
** Grant Major - The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
* Career Achievement - Music Composition:
** John Williams
* Humanitarian Award:
** Arthur Cohn
* William K. Everson Award For Film History:
** Martin Scorsese, My Voyage to Italy
* Freedom Of Expression:
** Baran
** Jung in the Land of the Mujaheddin
** Kandahar
* Special Recognition For Excellence In Filmmaking:
** The Anniversary Party
** The Deep End
** Diamond Men
** Ghost World
** Happy Accidents
** Iris
** Lantana
** L.I.E.
** Piñero
** Sexy Beast
# National Board of Review Awards 1998

70th National Board of Review Awards
December 8, 1998
Best Picture:
Gods and Monsters
The 70th National Board of Review Awards, honoring the best in filmmaking in 1998, were announced on 8 December 1998 and given on 8 February 1999.

## Top 10 films

* Gods and Monsters
* Saving Private Ryan
* Elizabeth
* Happiness
* Shakespeare in Love
* The Butcher Boy
* Lolita
* The Thin Red Line
* A Simple Plan
* Dancing at Lughnasa

## Top Foreign Films

* Central Station
* Life Is Beautiful
* The Thief
* Beyond Silence
* Men with Guns

## Winners

* Best Picture:
** Gods and Monsters
* Best Foreign Film:
** Central Station
* Best Actor:
** Ian McKellen - Gods and Monsters
* Best Actress:
** Fernanda Montenegro - Central Station
* Best Supporting Actor:
** Ed Harris - The Truman Show
* Best Supporting Actress:
** Christina Ricci - The Opposite of Sex
* Best Acting by an Ensemble:
** Happiness
* Breakthrough Performance - Male:
** Billy Crudup - The Hi-Lo Country
* Breakthrough Performance - Female:
** Angelina Jolie - Playing by Heart
* Best Director:
** Shekhar Kapur - Elizabeth
* Best Screenplay:
** Scott B. Smith - A Simple Plan
* Best Documentary:
** Wild Man Blues
* Best Achievement in Filmmaking:
** Roberto Benigni - Life Is Beautiful
* Career Achievement Award:
** Michael Caine
* Billy Wilder Award for Excellence in Directing:
** Martin Scorsese
* William K. Everson Award for Film History:
** John Willis
* International Freedom Award:
** Volker Schlöndorff
* Freedom of Expression:
** Bernardo Bertolucci
* Special Citation:
** Warren Beatty, Alan J. Pakula Memorial Award
* Special Recognition for Excellence in Filmmaking:
** Buffalo '66
** Dark City
** Love and Death on Long Island
** Next Stop Wonderland
** The Opposite of Sex
** Passion in the Desert
** Pi
** Smoke Signals
** Waking Ned Devine
** Your Friends & Neighbors
# National Board of Review Awards 1989

61st National Board of Review Awards
Best Picture:
Driving Miss Daisy
The 61st National Board of Review Awards, honoring the best in filmmaking in 1989, were announced on 13 December 1989 and given on 26 February 1990.

## Top 10 films

* Driving Miss Daisy
* Henry V
* Sex, Lies, and Videotape
* The Fabulous Baker Boys
* My Left Foot
* Dead Poets Society
* Crimes and Misdemeanors
* Born on the Fourth of July
* Glory
* Field of Dreams

## Top Foreign Films

* Story of Women
* Camille Claudel
* La Lectrice
* Chocolat
* The Little Thief

## Winners

* Best Picture:
** Driving Miss Daisy
* Best Foreign Film:
** Story of Women
* Best Actor:
** Morgan Freeman - Driving Miss Daisy
* Best Actress:
** Michelle Pfeiffer - The Fabulous Baker Boys
* Best Supporting Actor:
** Alan Alda - Crimes and Misdemeanors
* Best Supporting Actress:
** Mary Stuart Masterson - Immediate Family
* Best Director:
** Kenneth Branagh - Henry V
* Best Documentary:
** Roger & Me
* Career Achievement Award:
** Richard Widmark
* Special Citations:
** Robert Giroux, for six decades of distinguished efforts on behalf of film
** Robert A. Harris, for the restoration of Lawrence of Arabia
** Critics Andrew Sarris and Molly Haskell
# Qorveh (disambiguation)

Qorveh is a city in Kurdistan Province, Iran.
Qorveh or Qerveh (Persian: قروه) may also refer to:
* Qorveh-e Darjazin, Hamadan Province
* Qorveh, Kermanshah
* Qerveh, Zanjan
* Qorveh County, in Kurdistan Province
# North Haven (harbour)

North Haven is a natural cove, developed in the 20th century as one of the primary ports of Fair Isle, an outlying island of the Shetland Isles in the North Sea off the Scottish mainland.
# Amitava Roy

Amitava Roy (born 1 March 1953) is the retired judge of the Supreme Court of India and former Chief Justice of the Odisha High Court and Rajasthan High Court. He is also a puisne judge of the Gauhati High Court.

## Elevation

Elevated as the Judge of the High Court on 4 February 2002. He was administered the oath of office of the Chief Justice of Rajasthan High Court on 2 January 2013 by Margaret Alva The Governor of Rajasthan. Took oath as Supreme Court Judge, in February 2015.

## Notable Judgements
### National Anthem

A judgement of a two judge bench of the Supreme Court of India, which included Roy and Dipak Misra, made it compulsory for cinema halls across India to play the National Anthem of India before the screening of any film, and mandated that the audience stand while the National Anthem was played. The verdict has been widely criticized for being an assault on civil liberties and individual rights in India. It was pointed out that the ruling contravened an earlier judgement of the Indian Supreme Court in which children in India claiming religious allegiance to Jehovah's Witnesses were permitted to refrain from singing the National Anthem during school assemblies in accordance with their religious rights.
Following this order, Indian police has started arresting moviegoers who fail to stand when the National Anthem is played in cinema halls in India. It has been clarified that foreigners in India are not exempt from the new law.