OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# NA-47 (Orakzai)

NA-47 (Tribal Area-VIII) (Urdu: این اے-۳۹، قباَئلی علاقہ-۴) is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan comprising Orakzai District.

## Members of Parliament
### 2002–2018: NA-39 (Tribal Area-IV)

| Election | Member | Party |
| 2002 | Syed Ghazi Gulab Jamal | Independent |
| 2008 | Jawad Hussain | Independent |
| 2013 | Syed Ghazi Gulab Jamal | Independent |

### Since 2018: NA-47 (Tribal Area-VIII)

| Election | Election | Member | Party |
| | 2018 | Malik Jawad Hussain | PTI |

## Election 2002

General elections were held on 10 Oct 2002. Ghazi Gulab Jamal an Independent candidate won by 11,186 votes.

## Election 2008

The result of general election 2008 in this constituency is given below.

### Result

Jawad Hussain succeeded in the election 2008 and became the member of National Assembly.
General Election 2008: Tribal Area-IV :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Independent | Jawad Hussain | 21,844 | 45 |
| Independent | Dr. Gul Karim Khan | 8,247 | 17 |
| Independent | Malik Atiq ur Rehman Orakzai | 5,618 | 12 |
| Others | Others | 13,417 | 26 |

## Election 2013

General elections were held on 11 May 2013. Ghazi Gulab Jamali an Independent candidate won by 7,922 votes and became the member of National Assembly.

## Election 2018

General elections were held on 25 July 2018.
General election 2018: NA-47 (Tribal Area-VIII) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PTI | Malik Jawad Hussain | 11,102 | 20.64 | |
| | MMA | Qasim Gul | 6,898 | 12.82 | |
| | Independent | Zabit Gul | 6,439 | 11.97 | |
| | MQP | Habib Noor | 5,472 | 10.17 | |
| | Independent | Abdul Shahid | 5,245 | 9.75 | |
| | Independent | Malik Syed Noor Akbar | 4,485 | 8.34 | |
| | Independent | Malik Gul Kareem Khan | 3,146 | 5.85 | |
| | Independent | Gul Muhammad | 1,985 | 3.69 | |
| | PPP | Iqbal Hussain | 1,981 | 3.68 | |
| | ANP | Syed Basharat Hussain | 1,270 | 2.36 | |
| | QWP | Assamuddin | 1,051 | 1.95 | |
| | Independent | Syed Mudeel Hussain | 846 | 1.57 | |
| | Independent | Rafiullah | 837 | 1.56 | |
| | Independent | Sohrab Khan | 778 | 1.45 | |
| | Independent | Syed Ghaazan Ghazan Jamal | 765 | 1.42 | |
| | Others | Others (sixteen candidates) | 1,490 | 2.77 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 54,966 | 32.87 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 53,790 | 97.86 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 1,176 | 2.14 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,204 | 7.82 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 167,206 | | |
| | PTI gain from Independent | PTI gain from Independent | PTI gain from Independent | PTI gain from Independent | PTI gain from Independent |
# Nicholas Awrey

Nicholas Awrey (June 8, 1851 – June 11, 1897) was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Wentworth South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1879 to 1898 as a Liberal member.
He was born in Binbrook Township, Wentworth County, Canada West in 1851, the son of Israel Awrey who was the son of a United Empire Loyalist of Irish descent and Elizabeth Rymal, whose uncle Jacob Rymal took part in the Upper Canada Rebellion. In 1872, he married Ann Hasteltine Barlow. Awrey was president of the Provincial Farmer's Institute, served on the board for the Central Fair Association and was a district representative in the Agriculture and Arts Association of Ontario. He also served on the municipal council. Awrey represented Ontario at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. He was a member of the Freemasons.
He died of Bright's disease in 1897. Awrey, a geographical township in Sudbury District, was named after him.
# Emilios Solomou

Emilios Solomou (born 1971) is a Cypriot writer. He was born in Nicosia but grew up in the village of Potami. He studied at the University of Athens. Having worked in newspaper journalism for a few years, he now teaches Greek and history in high school. He has also served on the boards of the literary magazine Anef and the Union of Cyprus Writers.
His novels include:
* An Axe in Your Hands (winner, Cyprus State Prize for Literature)
* The Diary of an Infidelity (winner, EU Prize for Literature)
* Like a Sparrow, Quickly You Passed
He has been translated into English and Bulgarian.
# Colored-particle-in-cell

A particle in cell simulation for non-Abelian (colored) particles and fields. Can be used to simulate an equilibrium or non-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma.
# Åknes Chapel

Åknes Church (Norwegian: Åknes kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Åseral Municipality, Agder county, Norway. It is located in the village of Åknes. It is one of the churches for the Åseral parish which is part of the Otredal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a rectangular design in 1873 using plans drawn up by the architects Tobias Flottorp and Gård Ekså. The church seats about 150 people.

## History

The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1328, but the church was not new that year. The original church was likely built around the year 1250. It was a rectangular church building and it was located about 400 metres (1,300 ft) north of the present site of the church. Archaeological evidence suggests the church sat in an east-west orientation and measured roughly 7 by 4 metres (23 ft × 13 ft). Historical records show that the church likely closed after the Black Death and was no longer used. By the 1600s, there was no church remaining.
As Åseral gained population, the people in the northern part of the municipality wanted their own chapel. Road connections were poor in Åseral in the middle of the 19th century, and there was a real need for a separate church building in the upper part of the municipality. However, the people around the lake Lognevatnet had to fight a long battle before the chapel was ready for use. Neither the parish priest nor the municipality as a whole supported their desire for a separate chapel. But the residents never gave up and their new chapel was completed in the autumn of 1873. When they built the new church, it was decided that the church site should be located about 400 metres (1,300 ft) to the south of the medieval church site. The new site was still on the shore of the lake Lognevatnet, but in a flatter, less rocky area. The new church was consecrated in 1873 and a small graveyard was built surrounding the building.
# The Bush Legend

The Bush Legend is a 1938 Australian musical operetta by Clive Douglas.
It was used to launch the Tasmanian radio station 7ZR. It was one of the ABC's major productions of the year.
The story was reportedly based on one from Aboriginals in the Weeroona River area.
There were other produdctions in 1948 and it was played for the BBC in 1950.

## Premise

"A dramatic impression based on aboriginal folk-lore, and captures the atmosphere of the Australian bush. Woven into it is an idealised conception of the aborigine as he was in ages past. Mr. Douglas has made free use of aboriginal names and expressions both for their euphonious beauty and the added local colour."
# Theodred (bishop of London)

Theodred was a medieval Bishop of London.
Theodred was consecrated between 909 and 926, probably in 926. He may have been German and was a patron of German clerics, several of whom were beneficiaries of his will. He was close to king Æthelstan throughout his reign, and is reported to have been present at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937. He took messages from the king to his councillors, and is said to have bought relics in Pavia.
Theodred died between 951 and 953. In his will he referred to a Hoxne Bishopric as an episcopal see founded in the late ninth century.

## Citations

* 1 2 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 220
* ↑ Wood "Carolingian Scholar" England and the Continent pp. 137, 148
* ↑ Ortenberg "King from Overseas" England and the Continent p. 233
* ↑ Wood "Making of King Aethelstan's Empire" Ideal and Reality p. 256
* ↑ "Moated site at the vicarage of St Peter and St Paul's Church, Hoxne - 1020448 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Historic England.
# Ionia, Chios

Ionia (Greek: Ιωνία) is a former municipality on the island of Chios, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Chios, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located in the southeastern part of the island, and has a land area of 48.272 km². Its population was 3,570 at the 2021 census. The seat of the municipality was in Kallimasia. Other large towns are Nenita, Tholopotámi and Katarráktis.

## Notable people

* Joachim IV, Patriarch of Constantinople
# 2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria

2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a rare neurometabolic disorder characterized by the significantly elevated levels of hydroxyglutaric acid in one's urine. It is either autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant.

## Presentation

The signs/symptoms of this condition are consistent with the following:
* Intellectual disability,
* Muscular hypotonia
* Encephalitis
* Seizures
* Aphasia

## Cause

Mutation in several genes can lead to different types of 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. For example, the D2HGDH and L2HGDH genes provide instructions for making enzymes that are found in mitochondria - in which these enzymes break down D-2-hydroxyglutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate, respectively, as a part of normal reaction series that generate energy for cell activities. Any mutations occur in either of these genes would interrupt the functional enzymes and allow both 2-hydroxyglutarates to accumulate in cells, which cause 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type I. Moreover, it is known that type II for L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and a mixed type for both 2-hydroxyglutarates come from mutations in IDH2 gene and SLC25A1 gene, respectively.

## Diagnosis
### Classification

2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is an organic aciduria, and because of the stereoisomeric property of 2-hydroxyglutarate different variants of this disorder are distinguished:

#### L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria

The L-2 form is more common, severe, and mainly affects the central nervous system. The basal ganglia are affected, and cystic cavitations in the white matter of the brain are common, beginning in infancy. This form is chronic, with early symptoms such as hypotonia, tremors, and epilepsy declining into spongiform leukoencephalopathy, muscular choreodystonia, mental retardation, and psychomotor regression.
It is associated with L2HGDH, which encodes L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase. L-2-hydroxyglutarate is produced by promiscuous action of malate dehydrogenase on 2-oxoglutarate, and L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is an example of a metabolite repair enzyme that oxidizes L-2-hydroxyglutarate back to 2-oxoglutarate.

#### D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria

The D2 form is rare, with symptoms including macrocephaly, cardiomyopathy, mental retardation, hypotonia, and cortical blindness. It is caused by recessive mutations in D2HGDH (type I) or by dominant gain-of-function mutations in IDH2 (type II).

#### Combined D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria

The combined form is characterized by severe early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and absence of developmental progress. It is caused by recessive mutations in SLC25A1 encoding the mitochondrial citrate carrier.

## Treatment

The treatment of 2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria is based on seizure control, the prognosis depends on how severe the condition is.
# Heinz-Leo Fischer

Heinz-Leo Fischer (1902–1977) was an Austrian stage, television and film actor. During the Weimar Republic of the 1920s he appeared in plays such as Marlborough Goes to War.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1922 | Homo sum | | |
| 1930 | Kohlhiesel's Daughters | Toni | |
| 1949 | Long Is the Road | Mieczyszlaw Chodetzki | |
| 1950 | The Violin Maker of Mittenwald | Serventa | |
| 1951 | Die Schuld des Dr. Homma | Landgerichtsrat Holder | |
| 1952 | Die schöne Tölzerin | Kavalier | |
| 1953 | Music by Night | Manager Miller | |
| 1954 | Prisoners of Love | Ansager der Todesbahn | |
| 1954 | Spring Song | Mister Fish | |
| 1956 | Santa Lucia | Vittorio | |
| 1958 | … und nichts als die Wahrheit [de] | | Uncredited |
| 1958 | The Crammer | Dr. Rössler | |
| 1959 | The Beautiful Adventure | Pinatel | |
| 1964 | Time of the Innocent | Hotelier | |
| 1965 | The Blood of the Walsungs | Wendelin / ein Diener-a servant | |
| 1968 | Assignment K | Joseph | Uncredited |
| 1969 | Köpfchen in das Wasser, Schwänzchen in die Höh’ [de] | Herr Bronner | |
# Oreste Tescari

Oreste Tescari (c. 1923 – 22 September 1977) was an Italian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s. He played at representative level for Italy, and at club level for Torino XIII, as a centre.

## Playing career
### International honours

Vincenzo Bertolotto co-organised (with Dennis Chappell , from Wakefield, and a Turin resident), and captained the Italy (RL) tour of 1950 to France (3 matches), England (including; 28–49 defeat by Wigan at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 26 August 1950, Huddersfield at Fartown Ground, Huddersfield on Wednesday 6 September 1950, St. Helens at Knowsley Road on Thursday 16 November 1950), and Wales (including; 11–29 defeat by South Wales XIII at Brewery Field, Bridgend on Saturday 2 September 1950).
The Italy (RL) squad was; Guido Aleati (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Sergio Aleati (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Roberto Antonioli (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Angelo Arrigoni (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Vincenzo Bertolotto (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Michele Bietto, Giovanni Bonino (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Luigi Bosia, Giuseppe Cannone, Pasquale Cannone, Delio Caron, Gabriele Casalegno (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Amerio Chiara, Giorgio Cornacchia, Guido Cornarino (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Fabrizio Faglioli, Enzo Francesconi, Giuseppe Franco, Aldo Guglielminotti (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Giovanni Orecchia, Luigi Pignattaro, Franco Pipino, Giorgio Rassaval, Giorgio Rubino, Giovanni Tamagno (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Oreste Tescari, and Giovanni Vigna.

### Club career

Following the Italy (RL) tour of 1950 to France, England, and Wales, a Torino XIII featuring Oreste Tescari joined the French league.
# NMS

NMS may refer to:

## Organisations

* New Member States, the 10 member states that joined the EU in May 2004
* National Military Strategy
* National Merit Scholarship
* National Market System of stock listing and trading
** Regulation NMS, a Security and Exchange Commission regulation for the national market system
* National Museum of Singapore
* National Museums of Scotland
* Nepal Mathematical Society
* New Media Strategies
* National Movement Simeon II party in Bulgaria
* Norwegian Missionary Society
* Nagel Middle School, a public middle school located in Hamilton County, Ohio
* Normandin Middle School, A middle school in New Bedford, Massachusetts
* North Miami Senior High School
* Nigerian Military School
* Nari Mukti Sangh
* Nippon Medical School
* Norfolk Museums Service, a museum organisation in Norfolk, England
* Northwest Microcomputer Systems, a defunct microcomputer company

## Science and technology

* Network monitoring system
* Network management station
* Network management system
* Neurally mediated syncope
* Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
* non-maximum suppression (e.g. Canny edge detection)
* Neuromedin S, neuropeptide

## Other

* Nintendo Magazine System, a defunct British magazine, now known as Official Nintendo Magazine, launched in October 1992 and folded in January 2006
* Nintendo Magazine System (Australia), a defunct Australian magazine launched in April 1993 and folded in August 2000
* New Music Seminar, a now defunct annual summer music showcase in New York City
* A hip-hop group on the Big Dada label
* Romanian: Nava Majestății Sale, the prefix of Romanian Royal Navy ship names (1881 - 1947)
* National Marine Sanctuary
* Volkswagen New Midsize Sedan, an automobile
* New make spirit, a stage in the distillation of Scotch whisky
* No Man's Sky, a 2016 video game developed by Hello Games
* N. M. S. (alternatively, "No. Mo. So." or "Nor. Mor. Sor."), transliterations of the pen name of Thai author Bidyalongkorn (1876–1945)
* No More Sorrow, a song by American rock band Linkin Park of the Minutes to Midnight album.
# Gibbet Hill

Gibbet Hill may refer to:
* Gibbet Hill (County Wexford), a summit and marilyn in Ireland
* Gibbet Hill (Massachusetts), a summit in the United States
* Gibbet Hill (University of Warwick), a university campus in Warwickshire, England
* Gibbet Hill, Hindhead, a summit in Surrey, England
* Gibbet Hill (short story), an 1890 short story by Bram Stoker
# Dolichothele

Dolichothele is a genus of spiders in the family Theraphosidae found in Brazil and Bolivia. It was first described in 1923 by Mello-Leitão.

## Diagnosis

It owns a labium, which has less than 10 cuspules, also owning undivided tarsal scopula on legs 1 through 3, leg 4 being undivided with a band of hairs. The tarsal claws of males also lack teeth, and the spermathecae owning multiple lobules.

## Species

As of July 2022, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following 10 species:
* Dolichothele auratum (Vellard, 1924) – Brazil
* Dolichothele bolivianum (Vol, 2001) – Bolivia, Brazil
* Dolichothele camargorum Revollo, Silva & Bertani, 2017 - Bolivia, Brazil
* Dolichothele diamantinensis (Bertani, Santos & Righi, 2009) – Brazil
* Dolichothele dominguense (Guadanucci, 2007) – Brazil
* Dolichothele exilis Mello-Leitão, 1923 – Brazil
* Dolichothele mineirum (Guadanucci, 2011) – Brazil
* Dolichothele mottai Revollo, Silva & Bertani, 2017 - Brazil
* Dolichothele rufoniger (Guadanucci, 2007) – Brazil
* Dolichothele tucuruiense (Guadanucci, 2007) – Brazil

### In synonymy

* Dolichothele caatinga (Guadanucci, 2007) = Dolichothele exilis
* Dolichothele muticum (Mello-Leitão, 1923) = Dolichothele exilis
* Dolichothele nigrioculatum (Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971) = Dolichothele exilis

### Nomen dubium

* Dolichothele mimeticum (Mello-Leitão & Arlé, 1934) - Brazil
# 1982–83 Maltese Premier League

The 1982–83 Maltese Premier League was the 3rd season of the Maltese Premier League, and the 68th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 8 teams, and Hamrun Spartans F.C. won the championship.
The season saw the relegation of Sliema Wanderers F.C., one of the most historic teams in Maltese football, for the first time in their history.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Ħamrun Spartans F.C. (C) | 14 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 24 | 4 | +20 | 24 | Qualification for the European Cup |
| 2 | Valletta F.C. | 14 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 15 | 13 | +2 | 16 | Qualification for the European Cup Winners' Cup |
| 3 | Rabat Ajax F.C. | 14 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 20 | 19 | +1 | 16 | Qualification for the UEFA Cup |
| 4 | Hibernians F.C. | 14 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 16 | 14 | +2 | 15 | |
| 5 | Żurrieq F.C. | 14 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 8 | −1 | 14 | |
| 6 | Floriana F.C. | 14 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 7 | +1 | 13 | |
| 7 | Sliema Wanderers F.C. (R) | 14 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 14 | 11 | +3 | 12 | Relegation |
| 8 | Żebbuġ Rangers F.C. (R) | 14 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 5 | 33 | −28 | 2 | Relegation |
* ↑ Valletta qualified for the Cup Winners' Cup as Maltese FA Trophy Runners-up, as winners Hamrun Spartans already qualified for the European Cup.

## Results

| Home \ Away | FRN | HIB | ĦMR | RBT | SLM | VLT | ZEB | ŻRQ |
| Floriana | — | 0–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 0–0 |
| Hibernians | 1–1 | — | 1–1 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 1–3 | 1–1 | 0–0 |
| Ħamrun Spartans | 0–0 | 1–1 | — | 5–1 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 4–0 | 2–0 |
| Rabat Ajax | 1–0 | 0–0 | 1–3 | — | 0–3 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 |
| Sliema Wanderers | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 0–3 | — | 1–2 | 3–0 | 0–1 |
| Valletta | 1–0 | 1–3 | 0–1 | 2–4 | 0–1 | — | 2–1 | 0–0 |
| Żebbuġ Rangers | 0–3 | 1–3 | 0–1 | 0–4 | 1–5 | 0–1 | — | 0–2 |
| Żurrieq | 0–0 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 1–0 | — |
# Rhinau

Rhinau (French pronunciation: ; German: Rheinau) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department of Grand Est in north-eastern France.
Until 1398, the village was located on the bank of the Rhine. The present village dates from the sixteenth century. At periods of low water in the Rhine, it is possible to see the old foundations of the village, as happened in 1749.
After a flood in 1541, an uninhabited 58% of its territory (10 km²) happened to end up on the right bank of the Rhine, in Germany. The German part of Rhinau is a natural reserve, the Taubergießen. A ferry crosses the river, linking the two banks in France and Germany.

## Geography

The village of Rhinau is situated on the Rhine about 30 kilometers sound of Strasbourg. It is a notable city in that it has 997 hectares of territory on the right bank of the Rhine, in Germany. These 997 hectares are thus managed under German sovereignty, but, de facto run by the commune of Rhinau. This is due to a meander of the Rhine in 1541, and was made note of in the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 as the Thirty Years Wars was brought to a close.
Rhinau belongs to the canton of Erstein and the arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein. The inhabitants are called the Rhinois. Access to all territories of Rhinau are maintained by the ferry "Rhenanus", giving access to one of the more beautiful natural preserves of countryside in the Ried.
Rhinau is a stop in the Véloroute Rhin EV 15 (1,320 km) which connects the source of the Rhine in Andermatt, Switzerland and its terminus in Rotterdam.

## History

Prior to 1398, the village of Rhinau was situated at the bank of Rhine. Today's village dates from the 16th Century. At that time, the city was being gradually submerged into the waters of the Rhin. To avoid this fate, the village was rebuilt further inland, where it sits today. Though further from the river that gave it its name, the name continued.
In 1267 Rhinau allied with the city of Strasbourg. In 1290, the bishop of Strasbourg transferred the chapter of Honau to Rhinau, and conferred the full rights over this chapter to Rhinau, without prejudice for the rector of the local parish church.
# Sirodotia huillensis

Sirodotia huillensis (Welwitsch ex West & G.S.West) Skuja is a freshwater red algal species belonging to the family Batrachospermaceae. This species mostly reported from high altitude forest streams.

## Description

S. huillensis ranges from 6–10 cm tall, the thallus is moderately mucilaginous and abundantly branched. Branches arise from the internodes. A few grows like main axis and others remaining short, giving a false appearance of sparse branching.The colour of the gametophyte varies from light green to olive green. Primary and secondary fascicles (whorls) are produced all along the plant body which gives a beaded appearance to the thallus. The whorls are 280.50 – 540.10 μm in diameter and 210.85 to 764.95 μm long. There are secondary fascicles between nodes which are globular when young and obconical (cone) at maturity.
S. huillensis is both diecious and monoecious. Spermatangia are produced in separate male plants on both primary and secondary laterals, apical or sub apical in position which are either single or in clusters, pairs are also common. The first carpogonial branch arises at 15–30th axial cells, 1–2 per basal cell, 3–5 cell long. It is slightly curved with distinctly stalked cylindrical trichogyne on the dorsal side of asymmetrical carpogonia. The carpogonia are slightly protruded or broader on ventral side and 7.50 to 12.85 μm in diameter. The trichogyne is cylindrical elongated with a wavy margin.
The initiation of the gonimoblast filament starts from the ventral side of the carpogonium. Gonimoblast filaments creep along the cortical filaments and produce 2 - 4 celled branches, which forms the carposporangium.

## Distribution

S. huillensis occurs strictly in freshwater and grows in high altitude streams with low temperatures. It has been reported in temperate and tropical countries. In India, it has been reported in Maharashtra,Karnataka, and Orissa.