OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kevin Klose

Kevin Klose (born September 1, 1940) is an American journalist, author, broadcast executive, and academic administrator, who served as president of National Public Radio for almost a decade, overseeing a major growth era for the service.

## Life and career

Born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Klose grew up in Red Hook, New York. His parents, Woody and Virginia Taylor Klose, were radio producers and writers during the 1930s and 1940s.
Klose is a graduate of Harvard University, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree, cum laude, in 1962. He has authored five books, including Russia and the Russians: Inside the Closed Society.
For 25 years Klose was a reporter and editor at The Washington Post. From 1977 to 1981 he served as Moscow Bureau Chief.
Klose served successively as director of U.S. international broadcasting, overseeing the U.S. Government's global radio and television news services (1997–98) and president of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), broadcasting to Central Europe and the former Soviet Union (1994–97). He joined RFE/RL in 1992 as director of Radio Liberty, broadcasting to the former Soviet Union in its national languages. Among his achievements, he relocated RFE/RL from Munich to Prague and helped devise and implement a strategy to refocus the mission of all U.S.-funded international broadcasting and update operations.
From 1998 to September 2008 Klose was president of the National Public Radio (NPR), the United States' largest nonprofit radio outlet for news and cultural programming. He served in this position beginning in December 1998, and also served as the organization's chief executive officer from 1998 to 1999. He was also a member of NPR's corporate board of directors, and a Trustee of the NPR Foundation. In 2008 he was named President Emeritus.
He also serves on the advisory board of the University of Southern California Center on Public Diplomacy and the nonprofit America Abroad Media.
Klose served as Dean of the Philip Merrill College of Journalism at the University of Maryland, College Park from April 2009 to July 2012 and is currently a tenured professor.
Klose served as president and CEO of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty from 2012 to 2014.

## Published works

* Russia and the Russians. W. W. Norton & Company. 1984. ISBN 978-0393303124. (1986 paperback).
* Typhoon Shipments. W. W. Norton & Company. 1980. ISBN 978-0393335880.
# Pentwyn, Cardiff

Pentwyn (Welsh pronunciation:) is a district, community and electoral ward in the east of Cardiff, Wales, located northeast of the city centre. Llanedeyrn is immediately to the south, Cyncoed to the west, Pontprennau to the north and the Rhymney River forms the eastern border. The population of the ward taken at the 2011 census was 15,634.
| Lisvane | Pontprennau | Old St Mellons |
| Cyncoed | Pentwyn | Llanrumney |
| | Llanedeyrn | |

## Amenities

Pentwyn has a small shopping centre which includes a One Stop convenience store, fish and chips shop, Indian takeaway, Chinese takeaway and betting shop. The convenience store included a post office until its closure in 2022. Pentwyn Retail Park, situated off the A48 junction near the district, hosts several other stores and food outlets. There are also several branches of supermarket chains in the local area.
Pentwyn is also home to the St David's Medical Centre, which comprises a doctor's surgery, veterinary surgery, dental practice, pharmacy and optician.
Pentwyn Leisure Centre is one of Cardiff's largest; it has a swimming pool with a wave machine, squash courts, multi-activity sports hall, fitness suite, lounge bar and cafeteria. It is built in a similar layout to the Llanishen leisure centre. Behind the leisure centre is a popular skate park. The Leisure Centre is currently closed due to contract issues with GLL the charity that runs Cardiff Leisure Centres.
Pentwyn has five primary schools: The Hollies, St Bernadette's, St David's, Bryn Celyn and Glyncoed. There are currently no high schools in Pentwyn. There is a high school in lisvane on the outskirts of Pentwyn since 1987, a Christianity school.
The area is also home to the 1st Pentwyn Scout Group.

## Governance and politics

Pentwyn is covered by a Pentwyn electoral ward. It is bounded by the wards of Pontprennau & Old St. Mellons to the north; Llanrumney to the east; Penylan to the south; and Cyncoed to the west.
Pentwyn does not have a community council.
Pentwyn falls within the parliamentary constituency of Cardiff East.
Pentwyn's Senedd Member is Jenny Rathbone from Labour, and its MP is Jo Stevens, also from Labour.

## Transport

Pentwyn is on the 51/53, 55 & 57/58 Cardiff Bus routes from Cardiff Central bus station to Pontprennau via Penylan and Llanedeyrn. It is located close the M4 motorway Junction 30 (Cardiff East), and is served by Cardiff East Park and Ride, which is off the A48/Pentwyn interchange roundabout.
# Braken Hurst

Braken Hurst is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in Staffordshire near Hoar Cross village. It is mostly deciduous woodland dominated by Quercus robur and Corylus avellana.
Part of the land is owned by the Duchy of Lancaster.
# Jeff Koyen

Jeff Koyen is an American journalist, editor, entrepreneur and investor.
In 2017, Koyen was honored by the "Society of Professional Journalists"' Deadline Club and the Society of American Business Editors and Writers for his investigation into New York CIty's black market for food cart permits, which was published by Crain's New York Business.

## Biography

Koyen was born in 1969 and raised in Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey and currently lives in Brooklyn. He is a graduate of Rutgers University.
In April 2012, Koyen founded the software startup Assignmint. In 2015, he founded the sleep-focused website Van Winkle's on behalf of Casper Sleep, the mattress startup.

## Controversy

In March 2005, while serving as the editor-in-chief of the New York Press, Koyen ran a satirical story by Matt Taibbi that made light of Pope John Paul II's failing health. The article was widely condemned by Senators Hillary Clinton and Chuck Schumer, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Matt Drudge, and Abe Foxman, among others, including now-disgraced Congressman Anthony Weiner, who encouraged New Yorkers to collect copies of that issue and destroy them.
The publisher responded to the attacks by demanding that Koyen publicly apologize for the article. Koyen instead chose to resign his position. He went on to defend the story, attacking owner David Unger and publisher Chris Rohland in the media, saying "They couldn't handle the controversy... I didn't expect them to cave in and cower so easily. I'm really surprised they were so spineless."
# Paula Williams Madison

Paula Williams Madison is an American journalist, writer, businessperson, executive and a former NBCUniversal executive who is now CEO of a family investment group based in Chicago. On May 20, 2011, she retired from NBC after more than 35 years in the news media. She is currently the Chairman and CEO of Madison Media Management LLC, a Los Angeles–based media consultancy company with global reach.

## Personal life

Madison grew up in Harlem with her brothers Elrick and Howard. Their mother, Nell Vera Lowe, was a Jamaican immigrant and single parent. Madison and her brothers founded Williams Holdings, a real estate investment firm and later bought a majority share of The Africa Channel. The company also bought the Los Angeles Sparks, which they sold in 2014 to Magic Johnson.
Madison was named one of the "75 Most Powerful African Americans in Corporate America" by Black Enterprise magazine in 2005 and in 2014 as one of the Outstanding 50 Asian Americans in Business. She is of African and Hakka descent. In 2015, she wrote the book Finding Samuel Lowe: China, Jamaica, Harlem about her grandfather's life and travels and her own visit to Guangdong. She began research for the book shortly after retiring from NBC.
In 2015, Madison was recognized by East West Players for her contributions to the Asian American community, in particular for her documentary Finding Samuel Lowe: From Harlem to China, which chronicled the journey she and her brothers went on to rediscover their estranged father's side of the family.
# Mary Ann Shaffer

Mary Ann Shaffer (née Fiery; December 13, 1934 – February 16, 2008) was an American writer, editor, librarian, and a bookshop worker. She is noted for her posthumously published work The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society, which she wrote with her niece, Annie Barrows.

## Biography

Mary Ann Fiery was born on December 13, 1934, in Martinsburg, West Virginia. She had an older sister, Cynthia. They were raised in nearby Romney, West Virginia, but moved back to Martinsburg and went to high school there. Mary Ann was an alumna of Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. She married Carl Richard Shaffer in 1956, and in 1958 they moved to California, where they raised two daughters, Morgan and Liz. She worked in the public libraries of San Anselmo, Larkspur, and San Rafael during her career. She also worked as an editor at Harper & Row, and as a bookseller at bookstores in Larkspur and Corte Madera. She began writing The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society in the early 2000s, at the urging of her writing group. She died at her home in San Anselmo, California on February 16, 2008, shortly before the book was published.
# Anne Hartley Gilbert

Anne Hartley Gilbert (October 21, 1821 – December 2, 1904) professionally billed as Mrs G. H. Gilbert was a British cross-dressing actress.
She was born Anne Jane Hartley at Rochdale, Lancashire, England. At fifteen she was a pupil at the ballet school connected with Her Majesty's Theatre, in the Haymarket, conducted by Paul Taglioni, and became a dancer. Her first conspicuous appearance on stage was made as a dancer, in the Norwich theatrical circuit, England, in 1845. In 1846 she married George H. Gilbert (d. 1866), a performer in the theatre company of which she was a member. Together they filled many engagements in English theatres, moving to America in 1849.
Her first 15 years in America were spent in inland cities such as Chicago, Cleveland, and Cincinnati. Mrs Gilbert's first success in a speaking part was in 1857 as Wichavenda in John Brougham's Po-ca-hon-tas.
One of the most brilliant and decisive successes of her professional life was gained at the Broadway Theatre where, on 5 August 1867, Mr and Mrs W. J. Florence presented Thomas William Robertson's comedy Caste, for the first time in America. On leaving the Broadway she went to Daly's Fifth Avenue Theatre on Twenty-fourth Street with Robertson's comedy of Play. The cast included E. L. Davenport, George Holland, William Davidge, J. L. Polk, Agnes Ethel, and George Clarke. Mrs Gilbert played Mrs Kinpeck. For many years she played opposite James Lewis as his "wife", or playing old women's parts, in which she had no equal.
After Mr Daly's death in 1899 she came under Charles Frohman's management and later became a member of Annie Russell's company. On 24 October 1904, at the New Lyceum Theatre, Mrs Gilbert made her first appearance as a star, being then in the eighty-second year of her age, in a play, by Clyde Fitch, called Granny with a young Marie Doro in one of her earliest roles. Granny was announced as her farewell role and she read a special poem composed by Fitch at the end of each performance. Her final New York appearance occurred at the Lyceum on 12 November 1904. She acted for fifty-four years (after five years as a dancer), and she remained in active employment to the last. Mrs Gilbert was uniquely respected and popular, both with audiences and behind the footlights. She performed last on 1 December, three days after Granny opened in Chicago, and died there on the following day from a brain haemorrhage.
# Antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) results from an imbalance in the colonic microbiota caused by antibiotics. Microbiotal alteration changes carbohydrate metabolism with decreased short-chain fatty acid absorption and an osmotic diarrhea as a result. Another consequence of antibiotic therapy leading to diarrhea is an overgrowth of potentially pathogenic organisms such as Clostridioides difficile. It is defined as frequent loose and watery stools with no other complications.

## Cause

Clostridioides difficile, also known more commonly as C. diff, accounts for 10 to 20% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea cases, because the antibiotics administered for the treatment of certain disease processes such as inflammatory colitis also inadvertently kill a large portion of the gut flora, the normal flora that is usually present within the bowel. With this lower level of "healthy" bacteria present, the overgrowth of C. diff is then responsible "for elaborating the enterotoxin".

## Treatment

Meta-analyses have concluded that probiotics may protect against antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. Evidence is insufficient, however, regarding an effect on rates of C. difficile colitis.
The efficacy of probiotic AAD prevention is dependent on the probiotic strain(s) used and on the dosage. Up to a 50% reduction of AAD occurrences has been found.
# Aquaculture in Tonga

Aquaculture in Tonga has been the responsibility of the Ministry of Fisheries since the early 1970s. The main centre for this is the Sopu Mariculture Centre on the main island of Tongatapu, which is operated by the Ministry of Fisheries and was established with the assistance of the Government of Japan. A serious setback was experienced in 1982 as a result of damage caused by Cyclone Isaac.
The Tonga government provides for the development and management of aquaculture in the country through the Aquaculture Management Act 2003, also known as the Aquaculture Act. Some progress has been made with developing aquaculture but this has tended to be on a small-scale and there have been no substantial commercial developments. There is ongoing investment in aquaculture for species showing the potential to develop into small industries and the Mariculture Centre at the Ministry of Fisheries breeds giant clams, bêche-de-mer and other species, including seaweed. It has also been importing milkfish from Kiribati and Fiji, initially to restock a lagoon on the island of Nomuka, in the south of the Ha’apai Group. There is considerable interest in further promotion of aquaculture to increase the availability of affordable fish-based protein in domestic markets.
# Silver Star Provincial Park

Silver Star Provincial Park is a Class C provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located northeast of the city of Vernon in the Shuswap Highland of the Monashee Mountains.
# James Remnant, 1st Baron Remnant

James Farquharson Remnant, 1st Baron Remnant, CBE (13 February 1862 – 30 January 1933), known as Sir James Remnant, 1st Baronet, from 1917 to 1928, was a British Conservative politician.

## Biography

Remnant was the son of Frederick William Remnant of Southwold, Suffolk. He was educated at Harrow School and at Magdalen College, Oxford (1880–83), and was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1886. From 1892 to 1901 he represented Holborn in the London County Council as a Moderate, and was chairman of the Theatres Committee of the council.
He was elected unopposed to the House of Commons at a by-election in March 1900 as the member of parliament (MP) for Holborn, a seat he held until 1928. He never held ministerial office but was a member of the Select Committee on Taxation of Land Value (Scotland) in 1904, of the Royal Commission on Canals and Inland Navigation from 1906 to 1910, of the Select Committee on Police Day of Rest from 1908 to 1909, of the Home Office Committee on Conditions and Pay of Police in 1919 and of the Rating Machinery Committee in 1924. Remnant was created a Baronet, of Wenhaston in the County of Suffolk, in July 1917 and following his retirement from the House of Commons, on 26 June 1928 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Remnant, of Wenhaston in the County of Suffolk.
Remnant married in 1892 Frances Emily Gosling, daughter of Robert Gosling. He died in January 1933, aged 70, and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son Robert. Lady Remnant died in 1944.
# Epiphania (Bithynia)

Epiphania or Epiphaneia (Ancient Greek: Ἐπιφανεία) was a city in Bithynia in Anatolia mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium.
Its site is unlocated.
# Baruipara Union

Baruipara Union (Bengali: বারুইপাড়া ইউনিয়ন) is a Union Parishad under Bagerhat Sadar Upazila of Bagerhat District in the division of Khulna, Bangladesh. It has an area of 40.71 km2 (15.72 sq mi) and a population of 39,553.
# Rochebrune, Drôme

Rochebrune (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Ròchabruna) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
# Victoria Jamieson

Victoria Jamieson is an American author and illustrator of children's books, known for her graphic novels.
Her most decorated book is When Stars Are Scattered co-authored with Omar Mohamed and published in 2019. It is a semi-autobiographical account of Mohamed's time with his brother as Somali refugees at a camp in Kenya. It was shortlisted for the 2020 National Book Award for Young People's Literature and was a 2022 Bank Street Children's Book Committee's Best Book of the Year with an "outstanding merit" distinction and winner of the Committee's Josette Frank Award for fiction.
Other notable books include Roller Girl (2015), a graphic novel about middle school and roller derby, which was a 2016 Newbery Honor winner and named a 2016 Bank Street Children's Book Committee's Best Book of the Year. Another middle school graphic novel, All's Faire in Middle School (2017), was named to the 2018 Bank Street Children's Best Books of the Year List with an “Outstanding Merit.”
# Simi Johnson

Simisola Olayemi Onibuwe Johnson, (1929 – 2000) was a Nigerian dentist and women's advocate who served as Minister for Social Development and Culture during the nation's second republic. Johnson and Grace Guobadia both qualified as dentists in 1957, making them the first trained female dentists in Nigeria. She was also a chair of Allied Bank and the Lagos State branch of the National Council of Women Societies, and a fellow of the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria.

## Life

Johnson was born in Lagos Island, to the family of Alfred Latunde and Harriet Susan Johnson (née Crowther Nichol). She was the last born of her parents. Her father was a lawyer and a founding director of the National Bank of Nigeria in 1933, her maternal great-great-grandfather was Ajayi Crowther, while her great-grand-uncle was Herbert Macaulay. Johnson was educated at CMS Girls' School Lagos. From 1954 to 1957, she attended Sunderland Technical College and Durham University qualifying as a dentist. She and fellow Nigerian, Grace Guobadia, graduated in the same year, becoming the first two trained female dentists in the country. Johnson earned a Bachelor of Dental Surgery degree and Guobadia, a Licentiate in Dental Surgery. Johnson later attended the Royal College of Surgeons, Glasgow to become an orthodontist. In the process, she became Nigeria's first female women's development, a committee given the mandate to establish a working relationship between the government and other women's organizations in the country. After the Shagari administration, Johnson continued to play an advisory role in gender affairs. In 1985, she was head of Nigeria's delegation to the Third World Conference on Women, held in Nairobi, Kenya. Part of the recommendations of the conference was for member nations to eliminate discrimination against women and adopt strategies that will include the participation of women in an effort to promote development. Johnson was the head of the women's advisory committee, charged to make recommendations to Babangida's administration about strategies to increase women's participation in government. The committee among other things recommended the creation of a Ministry for Women's Affairs. The ministry did not come into being until 1989 with the establishment of the National Commission for Women supported by Maryam Babangida.
# Johann Christoph Brotze

Johann Christoph Brotze (Latvian: Johans Kristofs Broce; 1 September 1742 – 4 August 1823) was a German pedagogue, artist and ethnographer.

## Biography

Brotze was born in Görlitz, Electorate of Saxony. He studied theology and philosophy at the universities of Leipzig and Wittenberg, and was also skilled at technical drawing. He went to Riga in Livonia in 1768 and spent the next 46 years as a teacher at the Riga Imperial Lyceum.
During that period he collected historical data and depicted in drawings and paintings everything he saw around him in his everyday life, as well as most buildings and monuments of significance in Livonia, supplemented with extensive descriptions. Today his works are considered an extremely valuable source of information for historians.

## Works

* Zeichnungen und deren Beschreibungen

### Books

* Sammlung verschiedener Liefländischer Monumente, Prospecte, Münzen, Wappen, etc.

## Gallery

* Panorama of Riga in 1650
* People in the streets in Riga
* Russian candle seller
* Boys' summer clothes in Riga
* Boys' winter clothes in Riga
# Madonna of the Rosary (Caravaggio)

The Madonna of the Rosary is a painting finished in 1607 by the Italian Baroque painter Caravaggio, now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It is the only painting by Caravaggio that could be called a standard Baroque altarpiece.
The commissioner of the work is uncertain. As altarpiece it would have been commissioned for a Dominican church, given the presence of Saint Dominic and Saint Peter Martyr of Verona. The donor is included in the painting; at the left, dressed in black with a ruff, seeking protection under the cloak of Saint Dominic and peering out at the viewer.
According to some, the donor was Nicholas Radulovic, a rich merchant of Ragusa (now Dubrovnik, Croatia) and the first idea for the composition was a Madonna Enthroned with Saints Nicholas and Vito, then the subject was changed to reflect the wishes of the Dominicans. According to others, and perhaps more likely, it was made to decorate the family chapel in the Neapolitan church of San Domenico Maggiore, commissioned by Luigi Carafa-Colonna, relative of Martino Colonna, Overlord of Palestrina, Zagarolo and Paliano, where the painter had taken refuge after escaping from Rome. The large column to the left may be a reference to the Colonna family; it is linked to the big red drape that dominates the scene almost like a sail. The Feast of the Rosary was established in 1571 after the Battle of Lepanto, and Luigi Carafa-Colonna was a relative of Marcantonio Colonna, a leading admiral in the battle. Another possibility is Cesare d'Este, Duke of Modena.
The Madonna is seated on a throne, and seems to give assent with a wave of the hand to Saint Dominic who is dressed in his usual habit and holding a rosary. The faithful turn to him for grace, kneeling, with a donor portrait at far left, of a man in black with a ruff. On the right is St Peter Martyr with a large scar on his forehead (just like Caravaggio who was wounded in the head a few months earlier in the scuffle with Ranuccio Tommasoni and still had a visible scar), which indicates the Virgin who is out of the picture. Behind him are other Dominicans.
The painting was likely done between the 8th of January and mid-July 1607, that is between the completion of the Seven Works of Mercy and the departure of the painter for Malta. Something must have gone wrong with the original commission as the painting was very soon on the market and bought by a Flemish consortium that included Rubens. After being offered to Vincenzo I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, it was taken to Antwerp and offered to the Dominican church there. It is first mentioned in a letter by Frans Pourbus the Younger, a painter at the court of Mantua. On 15 September 1607 he wrote to his employer, Vincenzo I Gonzaga, the Duke of Mantua, that the painting was on the market in Naples for 400 ducats.