# Orontea

Orontea is an opera in a prologue and three acts by the Italian composer Antonio Cesti with a libretto by Giacinto Andrea Cicognini (revised by Giovanni Filippo Apolloni).

## Performance history

The first performance took place in Innsbruck on 19 February 1656. Orontea was one of the most popular Italian operas of the 17th century. It includes well-known soprano arias such as "Intorno all'idol mio", "Addio Corindo" and "Il mio ben dice ch'io speri". It was revived more than 17 times before 1700, including in Genoa, Rome, Florence, Turin, Milan, Bologna, Venice, Palermo, Naples, Hannover. Almost all of the score was lost, and the opera was forgotten. Several manuscripts were discovered in the 1950s. Modern performances started in 1961 at the Piccola Scala [it] in Milan with Teresa Berganza and Carlo Cava [de], Bruno Bartoletti conducting. René Jacobs conducted a 1982 production in Innsbruck, and Ivor Bolton in 2015 at Oper Frankfurt. The work was first performed in Australia by Pinchgut Opera in 2022. A new staging has been included in the 2023/2024 season of the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, conducted by Giovanni Antonini, directed by Robert Carsen and Stéphanie d'Oustrac in the title role.

## Roles

Roles, voice types, premiere cast :
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast |
| La filosofia (Philosophy) | soprano | |
| Amore (Love) | soprano | |
| Orontea, Queen of Egypt | soprano | |
| Alidoro, a young painter | tenor | Antonio Cesti |
| Silandra, a courtesan | soprano | |
| Corindo, a courtier | alto castrato | |
| Creonte, a philosopher | bass | |
| Aristea, Alidoro's presumed mother | contralto | |
| Giacinta, disguised as a boy | soprano | |
| Gelone, a fool | bass | |
| Tibrino, a page | soprano | |

## Synopsis
### Prologue

Philosophy and Love argue which of them has more power over mankind.

### Act 1

Queen Orontea renounces love, even though her chief adviser Creonte urges her to marry for the good of the kingdom. The young painter Alidoro arrives at the court seeking refuge from brigands with his presumed mother Aristea. He explains how he had to flee from the court of Queen Arnea of Phoenicia. In spite of vow, Orontea finds herself falling in love with Alidoro, as does the courtesan Silandra.

### Act 2

Giacinta, disguised as the boy "Ismero", arrives at Orontea's court and explains she was behind the ambush of Alidoro, having been sent to kill him by the Queen of Phoenicia. Orontea can barely restrain herself from killing Giacinta with a sword. Creonte now guesses the queen is in love with Alidoro and reproaches her for choosing a commoner. Aristea falls in love with "Ismero". Meanwhile, Alidoro paints a portrait of Silandra. Orontea, mad with jealousy, bursts in during the sitting and he faints. She repents and leaves Alidoro a crown and a letter confessing her love.

### Act 3

Creonte forces Orontea to reject Alidoro. He is discovered to be in possession of a royal medallion and accused of theft. Aristea explains the provenance of the trinket which proves that Alidoro is none other than Floridano, the long-lost son of the King of Phoenicia. As a child he had been kidnapped by a gang of pirates led by Aristea's husband and brought up by her as her own son. He is now free to marry Orontea.

## Recordings

* 1982: Orontea, Helga Müller Molinari (Orontea), Gregory Reinhart (Creonte), Cettina Cadelo (Tibrino), Guy de Mey (Aristea), René Jacobs (Alidoro), Gastone Sarti (Gelone), David James (Corindo), Andrea Bierbaum (Filosofia), Isabelle Poulenard (Silandro), Jill Feldman (Giacinta), Concerto Vocale, conducted by René Jacobs (Harmonia Mundi)
* 2015: L'Orontea, Paula Murrihy (Orontea), Sebastian Geyer (Creonte), Juanita Lascarro (Tibrino, Amore), Guy de Mey (Aristea), Xavier Sabata (Alidoro), Simon Bailey (Gelone), Matthias Rexroth (Corindo), Louise Alder (Silandra), Kateryna Kasper (Giacinta), Katharina Magiera (Filosofia), Frankfurter Opern- und Museumorchester, Monteverdi-Continuo-Ensemble, conducted by Ivor Bolton (OehmsClassics)

## Sources

* ↑ "Laughs; then and now" by Genevieve Lang, Pinchgut Opera, 12 May 2022
* ↑ Tim Carter: Understanding Italian Opera. Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-024794-2, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190247942.001.0001, p. 6.
* ↑ Silke Leopold: Die Oper im 17. Jahrhundert. Handbuch der musikalischen Gattungen, vol. 11. Laaber, 2004, ISBN 3-89007-134-1, p. 273.
* ↑ "Pinchgut Opera: Orontea, Limelight
* ↑ Pinchgut Opera presents Orontea by Cesti, June 2022, pinchgutopera.com. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
* ↑ Stanley Sadie, Review of Cesti's Orontea, Gramophone, February 1983, p. 960.
* ↑ Iain Fenlon, Review of Cesti's L'Orontea, Gramophone, June 2017, pp. 90–91.
* William C. Holmes, "Antonio Cesti: Orontea", pp. 195–196, in The Viking Opera Guide, edited by Amanda Holden (Viking, 1993)
* Booklet notes to the 1982 recording conducted by René Jacobs.