OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2005 in Macau

Events from the year 2005 in Macau, China.

## Incumbents

* Chief Executive - Edmund Ho
* President of the Legislative Assembly - Susana Chou

## Events
### June

* 1 June - The opening of Macau Tea Culture House in São Lázaro.

### September

* 25 September - 2005 Macanese legislative election.

### October

* 29 October - The start of 2005 East Asian Games.

### November

* 6 November - The end of 2005 East Asian Games.

### December

* 31 December - The start of trial operation of Macau Fisherman's Wharf.
# USS Littlehales (AGSC-15)

USS YF-854 was an American YF-852-class covered lighter built in 1945. She was later commissioned by the United States Navy and renamed USS Littlehales (AGSC-15) in 1959, serving as a coastal survey ship.
The ship is named after an American oceanographer George Washington Littlehales, an American chairman of the Section of Physical Oceanography, American Geophysical Union, and as vice president of the Section of Oceanography, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.

## Awards

* National Defense Service Medal

## Citations

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
* ↑ Priolo, Gary P. (1 January 2021). "USS Littlehales (AGSC-15): ex USS YF-854 (1952 - 1959)". navsource.org. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
* 1 2 "Littlehales II (AGSC-15)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
* ↑ Blackman 1962, p. 375
# Focus (optics)

In geometrical optics, a focus, also called an image point, is a point where light rays originating from a point on the object converge. Although the focus is conceptually a point, physically the focus has a spatial extent, called the blur circle. This non-ideal focusing may be caused by aberrations of the imaging optics. Even in the absence of aberrations, the smallest possible blur circle is the Airy disc caused by diffraction from the optical system's aperture; diffraction is the ultimate limit to the light focusing ability of any optical system. Aberrations tend to worsen as the aperture diameter increases, while the Airy circle is smallest for large apertures.
An image, or image point or region, is in focus if light from object points is converged almost as much as possible in the image, and out of focus if light is not well converged. The border between these is sometimes defined using a "circle of confusion" criterion.
A principal focus or focal point is a special focus:
* For a lens, or a spherical or parabolic mirror, it is a point onto which collimated light parallel to the axis is focused. Since light can pass through a lens in either direction, a lens has two focal points – one on each side. The distance in air from the lens or mirror's principal plane to the focus is called the focal length.
* Elliptical mirrors have two focal points: light that passes through one of these before striking the mirror is reflected such that it passes through the other.
* The focus of a hyperbolic mirror is either of two points which have the property that light from one is reflected as if it came from the other.
Diverging (negative) lenses and convex mirrors do not focus a collimated beam to a point. Instead, the focus is the point from which the light appears to be emanating, after it travels through the lens or reflects from the mirror. A convex parabolic mirror will reflect a beam of collimated light to make it appear as if it were radiating from the focal point, or conversely, reflect rays directed toward the focus as a collimated beam. A convex elliptical mirror will reflect light directed towards one focus as if it were radiating from the other focus, both of which are behind the mirror. A convex hyperbolic mirror will reflect rays emanating from the focal point in front of the mirror as if they were emanating from the focal point behind the mirror. Conversely, it can focus rays directed at the focal point that is behind the mirror towards the focal point that is in front of the mirror as in a Cassegrain telescope.
# Karbir Pande

Kaji Karbir Pande (Nepali: करबिर पाँडे) was one of the sons of Mulkaji Damodar Pande. After King Rana Bahadur's reinstatement to power, he ordered the execution of Damodar Pande, along with his two eldest sons, who were completely innocent, to be executed on 13 March 1804; similarly some members of his faction were tortured and executed without any due trial, while many others managed to escape to India. Karbir Pande was among those who managed to escape to India along with his brother Rana Jang Pande and cousin Ranabam Pande.

## Career

In January 1838, King Rajendra of Nepal promoted Rana Jang Pande to the post of Commander in the armed force and his brother Karbir Pande as Kapardar ("Palace Chief Guard"). As a result, almost one hundred officers and soldiers resigned from the Singha Nath Battalion, openly calling themselves as the private followers of Mathawar Singh which showcased the popularity of Mathawar Singh in the military forces.

## Death

Mathabarsingh Thapa arrived in Kathmandu Valley in 1843 April 17 where a great welcome was organized for him. After Mathabarsingh Thapa secured his position in the palace, he successfully led to the murder of Karbir Pande along with all his political adversaries namely Kulraj Pande, Ranadal Pande, Indrabir Thapa, Ranabam Thapa, Kanak Singh Basnet, Gurulal Adhikari and many others, in several pretexts. Karbir Pande's ailing elder brother Rana Jang Pande was forced to see the murdered dead bodies of his brothers and nephews on April 18, 1843. Rana Jang lying ill in his bed was not given death sentence. Rana Jang was shocked to death after seeing the dead bodies of his brothers and nephews on 18 April 1843.
# Kariz-e Now, Zeberkhan

Kariz-e Now (Persian: كاريزنو, also Romanized as Kārīz-e Now and Kārīz Now) is a village in Zeberkhan Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 599, in 163 families.
# Gawdat Gabra

Dr. Gawdat Gabra (born 1947) (Arabic: جودت جبرا, Coptic: Ⲅⲁⲩⲇⲁⲧ Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲁ) is a Coptologist; he finished his bachelor's degree in Egyptian Antiquities – Cairo University 1967 and PhD in Coptic Antiquities University of Münster – Germany 1978. He studied in the Institute of Egyptology of the Charles University in Prague, too.
He is the former director of the Coptic Museum in Cairo (1985) and currently a visiting professor in Coptic Studies at Claremont Graduate University.
He is the author or the co-author, among other titles, of:
* Christianity and Monasticism in Upper Egypt: Akhmim and Sohag (Gabra and Takla 2008)
* The Churches of Egypt: From the Journey of the Holy Family to the Present Day (Gabra, Van Loon, and Sonbol 2007)
* The Treasures of Coptic Art in the Coptic Museum and Churches of Old Cairo (Alcock and Gabra 2007)
* Coptic Monasteries: Egypt's Monastic Art and Architecture (Gabra and Vivian 2002)
* Christian Egypt: Coptic Art and Monuments Through Two Millennia (Capuani, Meinardus, Rutschowscaya and Gabra 2002)
* Icons of the Nile Valley (main author Zuzana Skálová. (Egyptian International Publishing Company – Longman, 1st Edition 2003, 2nd Edition 2006; ISBN 978-97-71605-88-1
* Be Thou There: The Holy Family's Journey in Egypt (Gabra 2001)
Gabra also contributed the following articles to the Coptic Encyclopedia:
* "Saint Pisentius" (co-authored with C. Detlef G. Muller)
* "Nabis"
* "Patape" (co-authored with Rene-Georges Coquin)
* "Hajir Idfu"
# Gavzan Mahalleh, Babol Kenar

Gavzan Mahalleh (Persian: گاوزن محله, also Romanized as Gāvzan Maḩalleh) is a village in Babol Kenar Rural District, Babol Kenar District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 472, in 127 families.
# Neo Chorio, Nicosia

Neo Chorio (Greek: Νέο Χωριό (Κυθρέας); Turkish: Minareliköy) is a village in the Nicosia District of Cyprus, 2 km south of Kythrea. De facto, it is under the control of Northern Cyprus.
Until 1964, Neo Chorio had a mixed Greek- and Turkish Cypriot population with a Greek majority, when, during the Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, the Turkish Cypriot inhabitants of the village sought refuge in nearby Turkish Cypriot villages. During the 1974 Turkish invasion, the Greek Cypriots of Neo Chorio fled to the south of the island. Later, the Turkish Cypriots returned to the village. Today, it is also inhabited by many displaced Turkish Cypriots from the south, farmers from Turkey, and others.
# AS Khroub

Association Sportive d'El Khroub (Arabic: الجمعية الرياضية للخروب), known as AS Khroub or simply ASK for short, is an Algerian football club in the city of El Khroub in Constantine Province. Founded in 1927. The club colours are white and Red. Their home stadium, Abed Hamdani Stadium, has a capacity of 8,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue 2.

## History

On 1 May 2020, AS Khroub were promoted to the Algerian Ligue 2 .
On 28 May 2022, AS Khroub were promoted to the Algerian Ligue 2.
# Dąbrowa, Gmina Przesmyki

Dąbrowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przesmyki, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Przesmyki, 29 km (18 mi) north-east of Siedlce, and 112 km (70 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Avşa

Avşa Island (Turkish: Avşa Adası) or Türkeli is a Turkish island in the southern Sea of Marmara with an area of about 20.6 square kilometres (8 square miles). It was the classical and Byzantine Aphousia (Greek: Ἀφουσία or Ἀφησιά) and was a place of exile during the Byzantine period. The Greek inhabitants fled to Sarti Chalkidiki after the 1923 population exchange.
The island belongs to the Marmara District of Balıkesir Province in northwestern Turkey. It is a popular domestic tourist destination, especially for tourists from Istanbul. The local population is around 2,000 according to the last census, but during the summer season the number of visitors increases as far as forty to fifty thousand.

## Transportation

The island is within reach from Istanbul by ship and ferry. It is also accessible from Erdek and Tekirdağ by motorboat.

## Location

The exact location of Avşa island is shown in the following map in red color. The larger island north of Avşa is the island of Marmara and the island to the east is Paşalimanı.
# Khersabad-e Jafari

Khersabad-e Jafari (Persian: خرس ابادجعفري, also Romanized as Khersābād-e Ja‘farī; also known as Āqā Ja‘farī and Khersābād-e Āqā Ja‘far) is a village in Baladarband Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 77, in 16 families.
# Moe railway station

Moe railway station is a regional railway station on the Gippsland line, part of the Victorian railway network. It serves the town of Moe, in Victoria, Australia. Moe station is a ground level unstaffed station, featuring an island platform with two faces. It opened on 1 March 1878.
It was formerly the junction station for the narrow gauge Walhalla line and the broad gauge Thorpdale and Yallourn lines.
In 1955, electrification was extended to the station and Yallourn from Warragul, and the following year, it was extended to Traralgon.
A 70 ft. turntable also existed at Moe until 1963, when it was dismantled. In 1964, siding "B" at the station was abolished. In 1966, the electric staff signalling was abolished between Moe and Morwell, and was replaced with Automatic and Track Control.
By 1987, the line to Yallourn was closed. In 1989, the signal box, interlocking, signals and goods yard was abolished.
Construction of the current station building commenced in late 1991, and was completed in 1992, with the former station building demolished shortly after.

## Platforms and services

Moe has one platform. It is serviced by V/Line Traralgon and Bairnsdale line services.
Platform 1:
* Gippsland line services to Traralgon, Bairnsdale and Southern Cross

## Transport links

Latrobe Valley Bus Lines operates eight routes via Moe station, under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
* 1 : Moe – Traralgon
* 5 : Moe – Traralgon
* 8 : to Traralgon
* 11 : Moe – Moe West
* 12 : Moe – Moe South
* 13 : Moe – Moe North
* 14 : Moe – Newborough
* 15 : Moe – Newborough
Warragul Bus Lines operates two routes via Moe station, under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
* Garfield station – Traralgon Plaza
* Traralgon station – Drouin North
# Mekényes

Mekényes (, German: Meknitsch, Croatian: Mekinjiš, Mekinjaš) is a village (Hungarian: község) in Hegyhát District, northern Baranya county, in the Southern Transdanubia region of Hungary. Its population at the 2011 census was 289.

## Geography

The village is located at 46° 23′ 21″ N, 18° 20′ 57″ E. Its area is 17.77 km$^2$ (6.86 sq mi). It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region, and administratively it falls under Baranya County and Hegyhát District. It lies 8.8 km (5.5 mi) northeast of the town of Mágocs and 36 km (22 mi) north of Pécs.

## Demographics
### 2011 census

As of the census of 2011, there were 289 residents, 121 households, and 82 families living in the village. The population density was 42 inhabitants per square mile (16 inhabitants/km$^2$). There were 143 dwellings at an average density of 21 dwellings per square mile (8.1 dwellings/km$^2$). The average household size was 2.36. The average number of children was 0.85. The average family size was 2.82.
Religious affiliation was 43.2% Roman Catholic, 12.6% Lutheran, 5.6% Calvinist, 0.4% Greek Catholic, 1.4% other religion and 6.3% unaffiliated, with 30.5% declining to answer.
The village had an ethnic minority German population of 7.7% and a Roma population of 2.1%. A small number of residents also identified as Romanian (1.1%) and other, non-native to Hungary (1.4%). The majority declared themselves as Hungarian (71.2%), with 27.4% declining to answer.

## Local government

The village is governed by a mayor with a four-person council. The local government of the village operates a joint council office with the nearby localities of Alsómocsolád, Mágocs, and Nagyhajmás. The seat of the joint council is in Mágocs.

## Transportation
### Railway

* Kurd Train Station, 9 km (5.6 mi) north of the village. The station is on the Pusztaszabolcs–Pécs railway line and is operated by MÁV.
# Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad

Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad (Russian: Преображе́нская пло́щадь, English: Transfiguration Square) is a Moscow Metro station in the Preobrazhenskoye District, Eastern Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Sokolnicheskaya Line, between Sokolniki and Cherkizovskaya stations.

## Name

It is named after Preobrazhenskaya Square (Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad in Russian).

## History

The station opened on 31 December 1965 during the extension of the Sokolnicheskaya Line to the north. As it used to be the line's terminus, the reversing sidings are in place to the northwest of the station.

## Entrances

Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad's two vestibules are underground, with exits into Preobrazhenskaya Square, Preobrazhensky Val, Bolshaya Cherkizovskaya and Krasnobogatyrskaya streets.

## Reconstruction

In December 2009 the wall renovation started. The aim was to make the walls look like the ones at Akademicheskaya station. By the middle of March 2010 the renovation was complete.
# Thiago Mendes

Thiago Henrique Mendes Ribeiro (born 15 March 1992) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder and centre-back for Qatar Stars League club Al-Rayyan.

## Career
### Lille

On 8 July 2017, Ligue 1 side Lille announced the signing of Mendes on a five-year contract. The transfer fee was reported as "worth up to €9 million" after being signed by manager Marcelo Bielsa.

### Lyon

On 3 July 2019, Mendes signed for Ligue 1 club Lyon.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 7 July 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | League cup | League cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Goiás | 2012 | Série B | 35 | 1 | 6 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 11 | 2 | 52 | 3 |
| Goiás | 2013 | Série A | 27 | 1 | 7 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 14 | 1 | 48 | 2 |
| Goiás | 2014 | Série A | 34 | 3 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 56 | 5 |
| Goiás | Total | Total | 96 | 5 | 15 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 1 | 41 | 4 | 156 | 10 |
| São Paulo | 2015 | Série A | 35 | 1 | 5 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 54 | 2 |
| São Paulo | 2016 | Série A | 32 | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 14 | 1 | 14 | 1 | 62 | 4 |
| São Paulo | 2017 | Série A | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 15 | 4 | 26 | 5 |
| São Paulo | Total | Total | 72 | 3 | 12 | 1 | — | — | 18 | 2 | 40 | 5 | 142 | 11 |
| Lille | 2017–18 | Ligue 1 | 31 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 35 | 4 |
| Lille | 2018–19 | Ligue 1 | 35 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 37 | 0 |
| Lille | Total | Total | 66 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 72 | 4 |
| Lyon | 2019–20 | Ligue 1 | 22 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 0 | — | — | 37 | 0 |
| Lyon | 2020–21 | Ligue 1 | 32 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 35 | 0 |
| Lyon | 2021–22 | Ligue 1 | 29 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 8 | 0 | — | — | 37 | 1 |
| Lyon | 2022–23 | Ligue 1 | 31 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 34 | 1 |
| Lyon | Total | Total | 114 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 16 | 0 | — | — | 143 | 2 |
| Al-Rayyan | 2023-24 | QSL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Al-Rayyan | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 349 | 13 | 39 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 38 | 3 | 81 | 9 | 512 | 27 |
* 1.^ Includes Campeonato Goiano and Campeonato Paulista.

## Honours

Goiás
* Campeonato Goiano: 2012, 2013
* Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2012
Lyon
* Coupe de la Ligue runner-up: 2019–20
# Dominion Arboretum

The Dominion Arboretum (French: Arboretum du Dominion) is an arboretum part of the Central Experimental Farm of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Originally begun in 1889, the Arboretum covers about 26 hectares (64 acres) of rolling land between Prince of Wales Drive, Dow's Lake and the Rideau Canal. Carleton University is located at the opposite side of the Canal. At a latitude of 45°, it can experience extremely hot and humid summers and extremely cold winters.
It displays a wide range of well-established trees and shrubs with the intention of evaluating their hardiness, including 1,700 different species and varieties. The arboretum is open from dawn to dusk and the admission is free.
Although the climate of the Ottawa area is Zone 5a, the topography of the Arboretum produces a microclimate and is warmer by one zone. This has allowed for a collection of magnolias, azaleas, and several other fringe trees including Metasequoia and Liriodendron.
One of the favourite attractions for tourists is the Ornamental Gardens. In this area are located the annual plant display, perennial borders, lilac walks, roses and hedges. The hedge collection was planted between 1966 and 1968 and contains a variety of species suitable for use as a hedge.
# Crème de violette

Crème de violette and liqueur de violette are generic terms for a liqueur with natural and/or artificial violet flower flavoring and coloring with either a brandy base, a neutral spirit base, or a combination of the two. The taste profile and aroma are distinctly floral and sweet, and reminiscent of the violet candies popular in the early to mid 20th century. Its known production dates back to the early 19th century when it was served with dry vermouth or alone as a cordial.
After crème de violette had been all but unavailable in the United States for decades, in mid-2007 Haus Alpenz began importing the Rothman & Winter Crème de Violette, which is made from Queen Charlotte and March violet flowers from the Alps. Since then, other brands of crème de violette have arrived on the US market, e.g., The Bitter Truth from Europe.
Crème de violette is the forerunner to the liqueurs Parfait d'Amour and the American variation, Creme Yvette, both of which are decidedly different with pronounced vanilla and/or citrus flavors. When crème de violette is not available it is possible to use the Parfait Amour or creme Yvette to replicate the violet color in a drink, though the taste profile is quite different.
It is considered a core ingredient in the Aviation cocktail.
The rarity of crème de violette appeared as a plot element in an episode of The Avengers in 1965 entitled "Two's A Crowd".

## Citations

* ↑ San Francisco Chronicle (online edition) Friday, September 28, 2007. The Cocktailian: Creme de violette lifts Aviation to the moon, by Gary Regan. (Accessed 8/17/2008)
* ↑ Haigh, Ted (aka "Dr. Cocktail"), Vintage Spirits & Forgotten Cocktails. Quarry Books, 2004, page 74.
* ↑ Archived 2010-01-04 at the Wayback Machine Robert Hess, The Spirit World: "Aviation"
* ↑ "The Avengers : Series 4 : Two's a Crowd". Archived from the original on 2011-11-06. Retrieved 2011-10-25. "Two's a Crowd" episode page - P.Garnier Creme de Violettes is the brand used in the show.

## General and cited references

* Clarke, Paul (2007). "Imbibe Magazine: Gone but Not Forgotten". Imbibe. Imbibe Magazine. ISSN 1557-7082.
# Malroy

Malroy (French pronunciation:; German: Malrich) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

## Gallery

* Chemin de la Croisette
* Church
* Aerial view
# Promises Treatment Centers

Promises Treatment Centers are a for-profit provider of residential drug and alcohol rehabilitation that started out with facilities in Malibu and West Los Angeles, California. It was founded by Richard Rogg in 1989 and acquired by David Sack of Elements Behavioral Health in 2008. Elements, who filed for bankruptcy in 2018, operates locations in other areas, however the California locations have closed.
For its treatment method, Promises used the term "Malibu Model" which it registered in 2004 as a service mark. The Malibu Model differs from traditional models by allowing patients more liberty and providing privatized treatment, in contrast to regular rehab involving peer groups, never leaving the facility, and limited visitors.