OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Latvian Finns

Latvian Finns (Finnish: latvialaiset Suomessa; Latvian: Somijas latvieši) are people of full or partial Latvian descent residing in Finland. In 2021, there were 3,626 people with a close Latvian background in Finland. 3,023 speak Latvian in Finland as of 2021. In 2006 there were 252 Russian speakers in Finland who were born in Latvia.
546 Latvians live in Helsinki, 400 in Vantaa, 347 in Espoo, 249 in Turku and over 100 in Mariehamn, Rauma and Salo. The highest proportion of Latvians are found in the Åland islands. In Vårdö, they make up over 8% of the population, over 5% in Föglö, 4% in Geta, 3% in Lumparland, 2% in Finström, Eckerö and Hammarland and 1% in Mariehamn, Jomala, Lemland and Saltvik.

## Notable people

* Angelika Kallio (born 1972), a model
* Salomon Klass (1907–1985), a military officer
* Elviss Krastiņš (born 1994), a volleyball player
* Janis Rozentāls (1866–1916), a painter
* Schauman, a noble family
* Teuvo Tulio (1912–2000), a film director and actor
* Edgar Vaalgamaa (1912–2003), a pastor and ethnologist
# Epiphania

Epiphania or Epiphaneia (Ancient Greek: Ἐπιφανεία) is the feminine form of the name Epiphanius, and may refer to:
* Hama, Syria, formerly known as Epiphania
* Epiphania (Bithynia), a town of ancient Bithynia
* Epiphania (Cilicia), a city in Cilicia, now ruined
* Epiphaneia (horse), a race horse
* Eudoxia Epiphania, daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius
* Saint Epiphania of Pavia, an 8th-century Italian nun
* Epiphania, a poem by George Seferis
** The musical setting of this poem by Mikis Theodorakis
* The Christian festival of Epiphany
# Sanjak of Montenegro

The Sanjak of Montenegro (Montenegrin and Serbian Cyrillic: Санџак Црне Горе, romanized: Sandžak Crne Gore; Turkish: Karadağ Sancağı, literally Sanjak of the Black Mountain) was a province (sanjak) of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula roughly corresponding to modern Montenegro. It was created in 1514 from the borders of the former Zeta, ruled by the Crnojevići, which had earlier been organized into the Sanjak of Scutari in 1499.

## History

The greater part of the Zetan principality lost its status as an independent state, becoming a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, until it was added to the Ottoman administrative unit of Sanjak of Scutari in 1499. In 1514 this territory was separated from the Sanjak of Scutari and established as a separate Sanjak of Montenegro, under the rule of Skenderbeg Crnojević.
In 1523, the resm-i filori of Montenegro (Karadağ), which had the status of hass, was made up of 33 akçe in poll-tax, a 20 akçe İspençe and 2 akçe for the collector. When Skenderbeg Crnojević died in 1528, the Sanjak of Montenegro was joined to the Sanjak of Scutari, as a unique administrative unit with certain degree of autonomy.

## Aftermath

The Sanjak was reorganized into a vilayet of the Sanjak of Scutari, the Montenegro Vilayet (vilayet-i Kara Dag).

## Governors

* Skenderbeg Crnojević (1514–1528)
# Him (Sarah Brightman song)

"Him" is a 1983 single by Sarah Brightman. It is a setting of lyrics by Richard Stilgoe to the tune "Repton" by Hubert Parry, itself best known from the hymn, Dear Lord and Father of Mankind.
It peaked at #55 in the UK charts.

## Track listing

* "Him" (Hubert Parry, Richard Stilgoe)
* "Memory" (Andrew Lloyd Webber, T. S. Eliot, Trevor Nunn)
* This 1980s British single-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Blackish cuckooshrike

The blackish cuckooshrike (Edolisoma coerulescens) or the blackish cicadabird or Luzon graybird, is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is endemic to the Philippines on the islands of Luzon, Catanduanes, Marinduque and Cebu where it is presumed extinct. Some taxonomists place this species in the genus Analisoma.Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest where it is believed to be declining due to habitat loss.

## Description

Ebird describes this as "A medium-sized bird of lowland and foothill forest. Slender, with a medium-length bill and tail. The male is entirely black with some blue gloss on the back and crown. Female is slaty-gray with a blackish face and tail. Female is similar to Black-bibbed Cuckooshrike, but larger and more uniformly dark gray in color. The black male differs from other black birds like Philippine Fairy-Bluebird and Asian Glossy-Starling by its dark rather than red eye. Song is a forceful, descending whistle, “tiiuuuu!”

### Subspecies

Three subspecies are recognized:
* E. c. coerulescens — Found on Luzon and Catanduanes
* E. c. deschauenseei — Found on Marinduque; slightly less purple
* E. c. altera †— Found on Cebu; now extinct

## Ecology and behavior

Its diet has not yet been recorded but it is presumed to feed on insects. Occurs singly, in small groups or with mixed-species flocks of other medium sized birds like Bar-bellied cuckooshrike, Black-naped oriole and Black-bibbed cicadabird. Typically forages in the canopy.
There is no information about its breeding habits and nesting aside from a female collected in March contained an egg.

## Habitat and conservation status

Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest up to 1,000 m where it forages in the canopy and upperstorey in mixed-sepcies flocks.
The IUCN Redlist has classified this species as least-concern but is declining habitat loss due to deforestation for lumber, mining and farmlands. There are no known targeted conservation actions for this bird, but it will indirectly benefit from the conservation of other North Luzon species like the Critically Endangered Isabela oriole.
It occurs in protected areas like Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park, Bataan National Park, Aurora Memorial National Park, Quezon Protected Landscape but actual protection from deforestation and hunting are lax.
# Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990

Denmark was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 with the song "Hallo Hallo", composed by John Hatting and Torben Lendager, with lyrics by Keld Heick, and performed by Lonnie Devantier. The Danish participating broadcaster, Danmarks Radio (DR), organised the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1990 in order to select its entry for the contest.

## Before Eurovision
### Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1990

Danmarks Radio (DR) held the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1990 on 24 March at the Tivoli Concert Hall in Copenhagen, hosted by two former Danish Eurovision representatives, Birthe Kjær (1989) and Dario Campeotto (1961). Ten songs took part with the winner being decided by two rounds of televoting. In the first round the bottom five songs were eliminated, then the remaining five were voted on again to give the winner. Other participants included three-time Danish representative Kirsten Siggaard (of Hot Eyes) and Jørgen Olsen, the Eurovision 2000 winner.
First Round – 24 March 1990 :
| Draw | Artist | Song | Songwriter(s) | Result |
| 1 | Kirsten Siggaard | "Inden længe" | Jon Lundager, Mette Nybo | Eliminated |
| 2 | Vocal Crew | "Hva' er det du vil" | Jesper Malmose, Morten Wedendahl | Eliminated |
| 3 | Lecia Jønsson | "Krig og fred" | Lecia Sundstrøm Jønsson | Eliminated |
| 4 | Lonnie Devantier | "Hallo Hallo" | John Hatting, Torben Lendager, Keld Heick | Advanced |
| 5 | Jørgen Olsen | "Berlin" | Wolfgang Käfer, Jørgen Olsen | Advanced |
| 6 | Helle Guldbech | "Det var en drøm" | Jan Glæsel, Klaus Kjellerup | Eliminated |
| 7 | Käte and Per | "Kender du typen" | Per Damgaard, Hilda Heick, Keld Heick | Advanced |
| 8 | Aviaja Lumholt | "Fordi jeg elsker dig" | Kim Helweg, Morten Nilsson | Eliminated |
| 9 | Birgitte Gade | "Ræk mig din hånd" | George Keller, Jens P. Meiner | Advanced |
| 10 | The Boys | "Du er min musik" | Jens Peter Clausen, Kim Jacobsen, Klaus Phanareth | Advanced |

## At Eurovision

On the night of the final Devantier performed 11th in the running order, following Israel and preceding Switzerland. The song was very much in the same uptempo pop vein which had characterised Danish Eurovision entries throughout the 1980s. At the close of voting "Hallo Hallo" had received 64 points from 13 countries, placing Denmark 8th of the 22 entries, the country's fifth consecutive top 10 finish. The Danish jury awarded its 12 points to Switzerland.
# Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991

Denmark was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991 with the song "Lige der hvor hjertet slår", written by Michael Elo, and performed by Anders Frandsen. The Danish participating broadcaster, Danmarks Radio (DR), organised the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1991 in order to select its entry for the contest.

## Before Eurovision
### Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1991

Danmarks Radio (DR) held the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1991 on 16 March at the Music Hall in Aarhus, hosted by Camilla Miehe-Renard and Mek Pek. Ten songs took part with the winner being decided by two rounds of televoting. In the first round the bottom five songs were eliminated, then the remaining five were voted on again to give the winner. One of the other participants was Birthe Kjær, who had finished third at Eurovision in 1989.

## At Eurovision

On the night of the final Frandsen performed 13th in the running order, following Portugal and preceding Norway. Performed by Frandsen seated at a piano, the song was very different in style from the uptempo hook-laden pop offerings which had become something of a Danish trademark since their return from hiatus in 1978. It appeared however that "Lige der hvor hjertet slår" lacked the instant appeal of songs such as those which had brought Denmark five consecutive top 10 finishes between 1986 and 1990, as at the close of voting the song had received only 8 points, placing Denmark 19th of the 22 entries, to that date the country's worst Eurovision placement. The Danish jury awarded its 12 points to contest winners Sweden.
# Marriage Story (1992 film)

Marriage Story (Korean: 결혼 이야기) is a 1992 South Korean romantic comedy film directed by Kim Eui-suk and starring Choi Min-soo and Shim Hye-jin. It was the highest-grossing South Korean film of 1992, and became the fourth most highly attended Korean film between 1990 and 1995.

## Plot

The film follows the romantic relationship between middle-class couple Kim Tae-kyu and Choe Ji-hae, from their wedding to a break-up and eventual reconciliation.

## Cast

* Choi Min-soo as Kim Tae-kyu
* Shim Hye-jin as Choe Ji-hae
* Lee Hee-do as Yun Il-jung
* Kim Hui-ryeong as Oh Hyang-suk
* Kim Seong-su as PD Han
* Dokgo Young-jae as Park Chang-su
* Yang Taek-jo as Cha-jang
* Joo Ho-sung as Shin Seon-bae
* Yun Mun-sik as Jjik-sae
* Kim Ki-hyeon as Columbo
# Forward (Turn album)

Forward is the second album from Turn, a Meath-based indie rock band. Their first album had seen a large interest from Ireland and the UK but it seemed to die away as quickly as it rose due to poor marketing and promotion from Infectious Records. The band were dropped from Infectious Records and created Nurture Records in order to release music. After this, the band struggled to finance and produce 2001's In Position EP, but the EP managed to secure a loyal fan base in Ireland and constant touring helped the band get back on their feet and start recording Forward in 2002. However, tragedy again struck the band when original bass player Gavin Fox left to join Idlewild.
The album was finished in early 2003 and released to rave reviews and strong sales, entering the Irish charts at No. 8. The album is considered Turn's strongest of their catalogue and showed a massive musical growth from their debut, Antisocial.

## Track listing

* You Got Style (5:11)
* Dumb As It Is (3:06)
* Harder (3:13)
* Summer Song (2:40)
* In Position (2:54)
* Without You (4:01)
* Another Year Over (2:54)
* Ain't It A Love (2:44)
* Can't Keep Waiting (2:38)
* I Close My Eyes (4:39)
* Even Though (4:17)
* Forward

## Trivia

Forward is the highest selling Turn album to date and was the only one of the three recorded without a record company being involved.
Original bassist Gavin Fox left the band on New Year's Eve 2002 and was replaced by ex-Skindive bassist Alan Lee. Lee stayed with the band for two years before being replaced by Ciaran Kavanagh from Irish band The Rags.
"No More" is called "I Close My Eyes" on the CD because Ollie Cole couldn't remember the name of the song on the day the artwork was being done.

## Line-up

* Ollie Cole - Vocals, guitar, piano
* Ian Melady - Drums, backing vocals
* Gavin Fox - Bass
Alan Lee played live supporting the album but joined just when recording was finished.

## Production

* Producer, Engineer, Mixer: Marc Carolan (MC)
* Mastered by Nick Webb (at Abbey Road)
* Recorded at Sun Studios, Dublin,
* Mixed at Grouse Lodge and Pulse Recording Studio,
* Masterered at Abbey Road Studios, London.
# Bambusa spinosa

Bambusa spinosa, also known as B. blumeana, spiny bamboo or thorny bamboo, although in this respect it may be confused with Bambusa bambos, is a species of clumping bamboo occurring in Tropical Asia.

## Description

Culms (stems) of Bambusa blumeana are up to 25 m (82 ft) long and slightly arched. At the base they are up to 15 cm (6 in) thick with walls 2 to 3 cm (0.8 to 1.2 in) thick, or may be solid. The stem consists of a number of short sections separated by nodes. The main branches are borne on the upper half of the culms, those on the lower part being slender and armed with thorns. The leaves are alternate, lanceolate, and up to 20 cm (8 in) long, and one grows from each node, with the lower part of the leaf sheathing the stem.

## Distribution and habitat

Where Bambusa blumeana originated is unclear, but it may have been native to Indonesia and Borneo. Its range now includes the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, southern China and Japan. It has also been introduced to Madagascar, Guam, and some other Indo-Pacific islands. Its natural habitat is hillsides, valley bottoms and stream banks, where it forms tangled thickets, at altitudes up to about 300 m (1,000 ft). It tolerates acid soils, clay and occasional flooding, but not saline soils.

## Uses

Young shoots of Bambusa blumeana are boiled and eaten as a vegetable, being harvested when they first emerge from the ground. The plant is used as a living fence between fields, as a windbreak around homesteads and to prevent erosion on river banks. The poles are useful as a lightweight scaffolding but are not durable enough for building construction; other uses include basket-making, furniture manufacture, parquet, toys, chopsticks and kitchen utensils. The culms of this bamboo, along with those of Dendrocalamus asper, are the main source of bamboo pulp used to make paper.
Bambusa blumeana is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental plant. Propagation can be from seed, but the plant only flowers once every few years, so seed is often unavailable. Clumps can be divided when new growth is commencing, or culms can be cut into sections and used as cuttings.

## Gallery

* Bambusa blumeana's spines
* Bambusa blumeana's lower culms
# Adda (South Asian)

An adda (Bengali: আড্ডা) is a term in Bengali referring to when several individuals 'Hangout'. This originally took place between members of the same socio-economic strata, but the process has become more heterogeneous in modern times.
Adda was incorporated into the Oxford English Dictionary in 2004.
This word is both a standalone noun and a noun in a noun-verb compound, in Bengali. The nominalization of the word has two senses — one being the Hindi sense, and the other being the place of ritual meeting and/or conversation of a group of people (i.e., a symposium). The verb form means informal conversation among a group of people, often for hours on end, and usually accompanied by food.

## Other languages
### Hindi

In Hindi, adda is a noun, with the nominal form of the word meaning the location or nest of a group or community. The etymology can be traced to the original meaning of the word, which means the "perching spot or perch for birds".

## Popular culture

In 2011, filmmakers Surjo Deb and Ranjan Palit made a documentary on the subject. The film, Adda: Calcutta, Kolkata, has been screened at several festivals around the globe and won the Golden Palm Award at the Mexico International Film Festival 2012.
# Calbuco Archipelago

Calbuco Archipelago is located in the Reloncaví Sound, Llanquihue Province, Los Lagos Region, Chile.
The archipelago is composed of 14 islands.

## List of islands

The islands are:
* Puluqui
* Caicué / Lagartija
* Queulín
* Chaullín / Helvecia (not to be confused with Chaullin Island (Chiloe))
* Huar / Guar
* Abtao
* Chidhuapi
* Quenu
* Quihua
* Tautil
* Calbuco / Caicaén
* Tabón
* Mayelhue
* Lín
The last three islands, Tabon, Mayelhue and Lin, are by low tide only one island.
# Glow of the Firefly

Glow of the Firefly (Bengali: জোনাকির আলো, romanized: Jonakir Alo) is a 2014 Bangladeshi drama film written and directed by Khalid Mahmud Mithu. It was selected as the Bangladeshi entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.

## Cast

* Emon as Suborno
* Bidya Sinha Saha Mim as Kabita
* Kalyan Corraya
* Tariq Anam Khan
* Diti
* Mita Choudowary
* Masud Ali Khan as Anis
* Gazi Rakayet as SM Sultan
* Shams Sumon
* Putul
* Anis
# Jevgenija Lisicina

Jevgenija Lisicina (Latvian: Jevgēnija Ļisicina), also spelled Eugenia Lissitsyna or Jewgenia Lisitzina (Russian: Евгения Лисицына, is a Russian and Latvian organist.

## Awards

On April 27, 1995 Parliament of Latvia awarded Jevgenija Lisicina with Latvian citizenship for special merits and contribution to the culture of Latvia.
# Tay Seow Huah

Tay Seow Huah (1932/1933 – September 1980) was a Singaporean senior civil servant who served at various times as Director of the Special Branch, Director of the Security and Intelligence Division, Permanent Secretary for Home Affairs and Permanent Secretary for Defence, prior to his retirement in 1976. He then taught history at the University of Singapore.

## Career and awards

He was awarded the Meritorious Service Award in 1967, and the Eisenhower Fellowships in 1971. He was Acting Permanent Secretary of Home Affairs around 1971 and was involved in the Laju incident.

## Death

He died in September 1980, at the age of 47.

## Legacy

In December 2000, the Tay Seow Huah Book Prize was set up by his children, Joanne Tay Siok Wan and Simon Tay Seong Chee, and a small group of relatives, friends and former colleagues, including President S. R. Nathan.
In 2024, his son released a memoir about him, Enigmas: Tay Seow Huah, My Father, Singapore’s Pioneer Spy Chief.
# Survey of Bangladesh

The Survey of Bangladesh (SOB) (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ জরিপ অধিদপ্তর) is the national mapping authority of Bangladesh. The agency functions under the Ministry of Defence and is headed by the Surveyor General of Bangladesh who is usually a Brigadier General rank officer from the Corps of Engineers of Bangladesh Army.

## History

SOB began as the "Bengal Survey" on 1 January 1767 in undivided India and conducted surveying and mapping activities until 1947. After the partition of the subcontinent on 14 August 1947, the organization started its new role as Survey of Pakistan and established a regional office at Dhaka. The regional office initially had 2 directorates, 2 field parties, 1 drawing office, 1 photogrammetric office (regional office for East Pakistan) and a geodetic department.
Topographic maps of Bengal were generated during the last quarter of the 18th century, covering the whole of Bangladesh at a scale of 1:50,000.

## Rights and responsibilities

The SOB possesses the rights to all aerial photographs and other topographic maps of Bangladesh. They undertake geodetic, topographical and aerial surveys from time to time and keep records of basic geodetic and levelling networks. Topomaps are prepared, updated and verified by ground surveys. The SOB's regular responsibilities include revising and upgrading the topographic basemaps drawn on 1:50,000 scale.
Aerial photographs in Bangladesh are used as per the 'Rules for Classification, Custody and Issue of Aerial Photographs' issued by the Ministry of Defence, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. It is broadly divided into two categories: 'Classified Photographs' and 'Public Photographs'. The aerial photographs containing sensitive sites are marked as 'Classified' and those which do not contain any sensitive information are termed 'Public'.
The SOB is also responsible for the following:
* International boundary mapping (Chittagong - Mizo Hill Sector and Bangladesh-Myanmar Area)
* Monitoring mean sea level
* Surveys of the cantonments
* Project mapping; mapping service for various Ministries, departments and agencies; processing and preservation of aerial photographs
* Production of maps on various scales according to the needs of various departments
Map updating is a regular process and done once every five to seven years. At present the SOB is digitally updating the base map of Bangladesh. The SOB publishes all the maps from its own offset printing press and the products are available in its sales centre at the SOB campus located in the Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka-1208.
# Bakhrabad Gas Field

Bakhrabad Gas Field (Bengali: বাখরাবাদ গ্যাসক্ষেত্র) is a natural gas field located in Comilla, Bangladesh. It was discovered in 1968 by the then Pakistan Shell Oil Company, and started gas production in 1981. Wells were drilled with a depth between 1968 and 2838 meters from the surface. Gas production was 930 thousand cubic metres (33 million cubic feet) per day at that time. According to 2019, the production in Bakharabad Gas Field has declined and producing only 420 thousand m$^3$ (15 million cu ft) per day of gas per day. It is a subsidiary of Bangladesh Gas Fields Company Limited (BGFCL).
# Chingrakhali Union

Chingrakhali Union (Bengali: চিংড়াখালী ইউনিয়ন) is a Union Parishad in Morrelganj Upazila of Bagerhat District in Khulna Division, Bangladesh. It has an area of 17.28 km2 (6.67 sq mi) and a population of 29,001.
# Robespierre Monument

The Robespierre Monument (Russian: Памятник Робеспьеру, romanized: Pamyatnik Robyesp'yeru) was one of the first monuments erected in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (later part of the Soviet Union), raised in Moscow on 3 November 1918 – just ahead of the first anniversary of the October Revolution, which had brought the Bolsheviks to power. It depicted Maximilien de Robespierre, a prominent figure of the French Revolution. Located in Alexander Garden, it had been designed by the sculptor Beatrice Yuryevna Sandomierz (Russian: Беатриса Юрьевна Сандомирская, romanized: Beatrica Yur'yevna Sandomirskaya). Created as part of the "monumental propaganda" plan, the monument was commissioned by Vladimir Lenin, who in an edict referred to Robespierre as a "Bolshevik avant la lettre". It was only one of several planned statues depicting French revolutionaries – others were to be made of Georges Danton, François-Noël Babeuf and Jean-Paul Marat, although only the one of Danton was never completed.
Created in the context of the ongoing Russian Civil War and with the country in a state of war communism, there were few materials available to make the statue. Lacking bronze or marble, the monument was instead constructed using concrete, with hollow pipes running through it. This design proved frail, lasting only a few days. On the morning of 7 November only a pile of rubble remained. Over the following days different newspapers supplied varying versions as to why it collapsed, with Znamya Trudovoi Kommuny and others saying it was the work of "criminal" (counter-revolutionary) hands, and Izvestia stating the statue's demise was caused by improper construction.