OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Italy–Romania relations

Italian-Romanian relations are foreign relations between Italy and Romania. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 April 1873. Italy has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Rome, five general consulates (in Milan, Turin, Trieste, Bari and Bologna).
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the European Union and NATO. As of December 2017, there are around 1,168,552 people of Romanian descent living in Italy, being considered the largest foreign community in the country.

## Historical and cultural relations

Relations between Italy and Romania have traditionally been close due to a large Latin kinship, thanks to their shared similar languages. During World War I, both countries fought the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and during World War II, contributed hundreds of thousands of troops to the Eastern Front where many died fighting the Soviets. More recently, after the collapse of the Soviet bloc, over a million Romanians moved to Italy for work and better living conditions.

## Companies

Several Italian banks are operating in Romania: Banca Italo Romena, Intesa Sanpaolo bank and UniCredit bank. The latter, had been in a partnership with Romanian former tennis player and business man Ion Țiriac, between 2008 and 2015.

## Resident diplomatic missions

* Italy has an embassy in Bucharest.
* Romania has an embassy in Rome and an consulate-generals in Bari, Bologna, Milan, Trieste and Turin and consulate in Catania.
# Seek and Destroy (1996 video game)

Seek and Destroy is a 1993 Amiga action video game developed by Vision Software and published by Mindscape, and released in 1994 for the Amiga CD32. A different version was also developed for MS-DOS by the same developer and released in 1996 by publisher Safari Software (then a division of Epic MegaGames). The game bears resemblance to Desert Strike: Return to the Gulf.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| PC Multimedia & Entertainment | 80% (Amiga) |
| Amiga Format | 85% (Amiga) |
| Amiga Power | 73% (Amiga) |
| CU Amiga | 83% (Amiga) |
| The One | 78% (Amiga) |
| Computer Games | (DOS) |
| Power Unlimited | 79% (Amiga) |
| Ruislip & Northwood Gazette | 92% (Amiga) |
| Kingston Informer | 3/5 (Amiga) |
The Amiga version of "Seek and Destroy" was well received with positive reviews from Amiga Format, Amiga Power, CU Amiga and The One.
# Kabeli, Hormozgan

Kabeli (Persian: كابلي, also Romanized as Kābelī) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Qeshm County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31, in 7 families.
# World War II monuments and memorials in Yugoslavia

The authorities of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia established many World War II memorials during the country's existence. Several memorial sites were established between 1945 and 1960, though widespread building started after the founding of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito commissioned several memorial sites and monuments in the 1960s and 1970s dedicated to World War II battles, and Nazi concentration camp sites. They were designed by notable sculptors, including Dušan Džamonja, Vojin Bakić, Miodrag Živković, Jordan and Iskra Grabul, and architects, including Bogdan Bogdanović, Svetlana Kana Radević and Gradimir Medaković. After Tito's death, a small number were built, and the monuments were popular visitor attractions in the 1980s as patriotic sites, and since the Yugoslav Wars and the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the sites are mostly abandoned.
In Slovenia, World War II Veteran Organisation and its branches yearly hold many commemorative events in regard with the subject of the monuments and people remember the fallen on the Day of the Dead.
On August 28, 2018, author Donald Niebyl published a book titled Spomenik Monument Database, the first-ever English-language guidebook on the WWII monuments of Yugoslavia, after conducting several years of intensive research.
For the list of World War II monuments in each republic of the Former Yugoslavia, see:
* List of World War II monuments and memorials in Bosnia and Herzegovina
* List of World War II monuments and memorials in Croatia
* List of World War II monuments and memorials in Montenegro
* List of World War II monuments and memorials in Macedonia
* List of World War II monuments and memorials in Serbia
* List of World War II monuments and memorials in Slovenia
# Raton Pass

Ratón Pass is a 7,834 ft (2,388 m) elevation mountain pass on the Colorado–New Mexico border in the western United States. It is located on the eastern side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains between Trinidad, Colorado and Raton, New Mexico, approximately 180 miles (290 km) northeast of Santa Fe. Ratón is Spanish for "mouse". The pass crosses the line of volcanic mesas that extends east from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains along the state line, and furnishes the most direct land route between the valley of the Arkansas River to the north and the upper valley of the Canadian River, leading toward Santa Fe, to the south. The pass now carries Interstate 25 and railroad tracks.
The pass is a historically significant landmark on the Santa Fe Trail, a major 19th-century settlement route between Kansas City, Missouri and Santa Fe. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960 for this association.

## History

In 1846, during the Mexican–American War, Stephen W. Kearny and his troops passed through the pass en route to New Mexico. During the Civil War, it was the primary path into New Mexico since it avoided Confederate raiders. It was later developed into a toll road by Richens Lacey Wootton.

### Railroad route

In the late 19th century, Raton Pass was the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway's (AT&SF) primary route through the mountains. Along with Royal Gorge in Colorado, the pass was one of the focal points for the 1878–79 Railroad Wars between the AT&SF and the smaller Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. The route over the pass has gradients of up to 3.5% and a tunnel at its highest point, 7,588 ft (2,313 m) above sea level. The tunnel is in New Mexico, but just barely so, with its northern portal lying only a few feet south of the Colorado border.
The route is now owned by BNSF, which absorbed the AT&SF in 1996. While it is still used by Amtrak's Chicago–Los Angeles Southwest Chief, freight traffic shifted from Raton Pass to the Belen Cutoff (1908), whose gradients do not exceed 1.25%. As a result, with Raton Pass having little to no freight traffic, BNSF said in 2012 that they could not justify maintenance of the route to Amtrak's standards between La Junta, Colorado, and Lamy, New Mexico, placing the future of rail transportation over the pass in jeopardy.

### Highway route

In the 20th century, the pass was used as the route of U.S. Routes 85 and 87, and later, Interstate 25 between Denver and Albuquerque. At 7,834 ft (2,388 m) above sea level, the highway is subject to difficult driving conditions and occasional closures during heavy winter snowfalls.

## In popular culture

Clint Black makes reference to the Raton Pass in the song "The Goodnight-Loving" from the 1990 album "Put Yourself in My Shoes."
    Ridin' against the wind in east New Mexico,
    His skin is dry and worn as the Texas plains.
    He's headed where the air is thin and the cold blue northers blow,
    Up through the Raton Pass, but he'll have to beat the early snow,

## Gallery

* Amtrak's Southwest Chief entering the north end of the tunnel
* Sign marking the elevation of the Raton Pass tunnel
# Vladimir Zhernakov

Vladimir Ippolitovich Zhernakov (Russian: Владимир Ипполитович Жернаков; November 2, 1878 – 1943) was a merchant, public figure and politician in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The first city head of Novonikolayevsk from 1909 to 1914.

## Biography

Vladimir Zhernakov was born into a merchant family in Kolyvan, Tomsk Governorate.
He graduated from the Faculty of Law of the Saint Petersburg Imperial University.
In 1913, he founded the V. I. Zhernakov & Co Trading House. He also had the shoe store in the Novonikolayevsk City Trade House.
On January 9, 1909, he became the first city head of Novonikolayevsk. On March 17, 1914, he left the post voluntarily.
March 18, 1914, Vladimir Zhernakov became the Honorary Citizen of the City of Novonikolayevsk.
Zhernakov was a supporter of the Novonikolayevsk-Biysk-Semipalatinsk Railway Project. The Altay Railway passed through Novonikolayevsk largely thanks to him, and the city became a major transport hub.
From 1915 to 1916, he was the director of the Novonikolayevsk Flour Milling Partnership.
From 1916 to 1920, he was the director of the Novonikolayevsk Branch of the Siberian Bank.
In 1920, Zhernakov was the technical secretary of the Tomsk Institute of Physical Education.
In 1931, he went to Kharkiv, where he was arrested by the OGPU and sentenced to 5 years for membership in the Cadet Party and public activities during the Civil War. Soon the term was reduced from 5 to 3 years.
Vladimir Zhernakov probably died in 1943.
He was rehabilitated in 1991.
# Sarab Talkh

Sarab Talkh (Persian: سراب تلخ, also Romanized as Sarāb-e Talkh and Sarāb Talkh) is a village in Robat Rural District, in the Central District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 26 families.
# Sybirak

A sybirak (Polish:, plural: sybiracy) is a person resettled to Siberia. Like its Russian counterpart sibiryák, the word can refer to any dweller of Siberia, but it more specifically refers to Poles imprisoned or exiled to Siberia or even to those sent to the Russian Arctic or to Kazakhstan in the 1940s (post World War II).

## History

Russian and Soviet authorities exiled many Poles to Siberia, starting with the 18th-century opponents of the Russian Empire's increasing influence in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (most notably the members of the Bar Confederation of 1768-1772). Maurice, Count de Benyovszky was deported and emigrated to Madagascar.
After the Russian Empire's penal law changed in 1847, exile and penal labor (katorga) became common punishment for participants in national uprisings within the empire. This led to sending an increasing number of Poles to Siberia for katorga, when they then became known as Sybiraks. Some of them remained there, forming a Polish minority in Siberia. Most of them came from the participants and supporters of the November Uprising of 1830-1831 and of the January Uprising of 1863–1864, from the participants of the 1905-1907 unrest and from the hundreds of thousands of people deported after the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939.
Around the late 19th century, a number of Polish voluntary settlers moved to Siberia, attracted by the economic development of the region. Polish migrants and exiles, many of whom were forbidden to move away from the region even after having finished serving their sentence, formed a Polish minority there. Hundreds of Poles took part in the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Notable Polish scholars studied Siberia, such as Aleksander Czekanowski, Jan Czerski, Benedykt Dybowski, Wiktor Godlewski, Sergiusz Jastrzębski, Edward Piekarski (1858-1934), Bronisław Piłsudski, Wacław Sieroszewski, Mikołaj Witkowski and others.
The term Sybiracy might also refer to former exiles, such as those who were allowed to return to Russian controlled parts of Poland following the amnesty of 1857. The group, popular among the youth in the period preceding the outbreak of the January Uprising, supported the idea of organic work. However, during the January Uprising it ceased to exist as some of its members supported the Reds, while others supported the Whites. Among the most notable members of the group were Agaton Giller, Henryk Krajewski, Karol Ruprecht and Szymon Tokarzewski.
About 20,000 Poles lived in Siberia around the 1860s. An unsuccessful uprising of Polish political exiles in Siberia broke out in 1866.

### Soviet era

At the start of World War II the Soviets deported hundreds of thousands of Polish citizens, most of them in four mass waves. Some sources claim as many as 1.5 million deportees. The most conservative figures use recently found NKVD documents showing 309,000 to 381,220.
Soviet authorities did not recognize ethnic Poles as Polish citizens. In addition, some of the figures are based on those given an amnesty rather than those deported, and not everyone was eligible for amnesty. Therefore, figures based on official evidence might be an underestimation.
# Gottfried Trachsel

Gottfried Trachsel (5 October 1907 – 15 June 1974) was a Swiss equestrian. He placed fourth in individual dressage, won a silver medal in team dressage at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, and a won bronze medal in team dressage at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Boston, Accomack County, Virginia

Boston is a census-designated place (CDP) in Accomack County, Virginia, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 454.

## Geography

It lies at an elevation of 30 feet.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Boston CDP, Virginia – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 32 | 47 | 6.35% | 10.35% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 447 | 359 | 88.69% | 79.07% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 1 | 0.00% | 0.22% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 0 | 5 | 0.00% | 1.10% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 1 | 6 | 0.20% | 1.32% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 24 | 36 | 4.76% | 7.93% |
| Total | 504 | 454 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
# Madan Mohan Sabharwal

Madan Mohan Sabharwal OBE, (21 August 1922 – 10 March 2018) was an Indian business executive, social worker and a former president of the HelpAge India. Born on 21 August 1922, he graduated in Economics from the St. Stephen's College, Delhi before starting a career which saw him holding senior positions at several business enterprises. He has served such companies as Dunlop India, Bata India, Britannia Industries, Indian Oxygen Limited, Needle Industries India and Precision Electronics Ltd as the chairman and has been a member of the Board of Directors of Oil India Limited, National Aluminium Company, Federal-Mogul Goetze (India), Avery India, Fibre Glass Pilkington Limited and Ranbaxy Laboratories. In 1980, he joined HelpAge India, became its president in 1986 and is associated with the organization as its President Emeritus. He sits in the boards of Nutrition Foundation of India and the National Council for Older Persons.
Sabharwal was awarded the Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1998 by the British Government. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2008, for his contributions to society. He is also a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of the International Conference on Geriatrics and Gerontology (2004) and the Vayoshreshtha Samman of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
# SM UB-84

SM UB-84 was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 31 October 1917 as SM UB-84. UB-84 was lost in a collision on 7 December 1917 in the Baltic Sea at 54°35′N 10°11′E﻿ / ﻿54.583°N 10.183°E﻿ / 54.583; 10.183.
She was later raised and used as a training boat. On 26 November 1918 she was surrendered to the French in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany and broken up in Brest in 1921.

## Construction

She was built by AG Weser of Bremen and following just under a year of construction, launched at Bremen on 3 October 1917. UB-84 was commissioned later that same year under the command of Kptlt. Max Bräutigam. Like all Type UB III submarines, UB-84 carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a 8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun. UB-84 would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of 8,180 nautical miles (15,150 km; 9,410 mi). UB-84 had a displacement of 516 t (508 long tons) while surfaced and 647 t (637 long tons) when submerged. Her engines enabled her to travel at 13.4 knots (24.8 km/h; 15.4 mph) when surfaced and 7.5 knots (13.9 km/h; 8.6 mph) when submerged.
* Stele in Nordfriedhof, Kiel, Germany, to commemorate the casualties of UB-84 who was lost in a collision on 7 December 1917
# Jean Marc Michaud

Jean-Marc Michaud (October 24, 1923 – August 26, 2008) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1960 to 1963 as a member of the Liberal party. He is the son of Joseph-Enoil Michaud, who served in the Canadian Parliament.
# A Tale of Two Cities (1980 TV series)

A Tale of Two Cities is a British television series which first aired on BBC 1 in 1980. It is an adaptation of the novel A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens. Paul Shelley plays the duel roles of Sydney Carton and Charles Darnay, the first actor to do so since William Farnum in the 1917 silent adaptation. Two weeks later, an American production was released featuring Chris Sarandon in the same duel roles.
It is the only BBC adaptation known to exist entirely.

## Cast

* Paul Shelley as Sydney Carton/Charles Darnay
* Ralph Michael as Doctor Manette
* Sally Osborne as Lucie Manette
* Vivien Merchant as Miss Pross
* Nigel Stock as Jarvis Lorry
* Judy Parfitt as Madame Defarge
* Stephen Yardley as Defarge
* Eric Mason as Jacques Three
* David Collings as John Barsad
* Peter Cleall as Jerry Cruncher
* Michael Halsey as Jacques One
* Brian Grellis as Jacques Two
* David Webb as Gabelle
* Harold Innocent as Stryver
* John Abineri as Roadmender
* Morris Perry as Marquis St. Evremonde
* Michael Gothard as Gaspard
* Frank Tregear as Roger Cly
* John Rolfe as Bank Clerk
* Harry Fielder as Gaoler
* David Rose as Guard Room Officer
* Dennis Savage as Young Cruncher
* Peter Farmer as Barrier Official2
* John Ringham as Attorney-General
# The Bedford Reader

The Bedford Reader is a college composition textbook published by the Bedford/St. Martin's publishing company. It is edited by X. J. Kennedy, Dorothy M. Kennedy, and Jane E. Aaron. It is widely used in freshman composition courses at colleges across the United States.
The eleventh edition of the book is composed of over seventy essays, one short story, and one poem. It is divided into eleven sections by the various methods of development: narration, description, example, comparison and contrast, analysis, process analysis, classification, cause and effect, definition, argument and persuasion, along with a section on mixing the methods.
The fourteenth edition is the latest edition so far, published in 2019.

## Famous works and authors

Numerous essays and stories by noted authors are included in The Bedford Reader. These include:
* An excerpt from Maya Angelou's I Know why the Caged Bird Sings
* "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson
* "Shooting Dad", the essay that made Sarah Vowell famous
* An essay by Dave Barry
* "Remembering my Childhood on the Continent of Africa", from David Sedaris' Me Talk Pretty One Day
* Jessica Mitford's "Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain"
* David Foster Wallace's commencement speech for Kenyon College, "This Is Water"
* An excerpt from Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma
* Judy Brady's "I Want a Wife"
* Gloria Naylor's "The Meanings of a Word"
* Richard Rodriguez's "Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood"
* An excerpt from Barbara Kingsolver's Animal, Vegetable, Miracle
* John Updike's "Extreme Dinosaurs"
* Martin Luther King Jr.'s I Have a Dream speech
* Edward Said's "Clashing Civilizations?" (Said's response to Samuel P. Huntington's "The Clash of Civilizations")
* George Orwell's "Shooting an Elephant"
* Jonathan Swift's "A Modest Proposal"
* Suzanne Britt's "Neat People vs. Sloppy People"
* Brent Staples's "Black Men and Public Space"
* "Dance of the Hobs". by William Least Heat-Moon
The text quickly became a standard in college composition courses across the country. Because of the diversity of works and authors, The Bedford Reader has become popular among Advanced Placement English teachers, specifically those teaching to the AP English Language and Composition test.
# Central District (Babol County)

The Central District of Babol County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان بابل) is in Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Babol.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 287,006 in 79,368 households. The following census in 2011 counted 314,794 people in 95,280 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 349,098 inhabitants in 113,687 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Babol County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Esbu Kola RD | 16,319 | 18,310 | 18,709 |
| Feyziyeh RD | 24,073 | 25,451 | 26,670 |
| Ganj Afruz RD | 22,792 | 23,480 | 23,024 |
| Amirkola (city) | 25,186 | 28,086 | 30,478 |
| Babol (city) | 198,636 | 219,467 | 250,217 |
| Total | 287,006 | 314,794 | 349,098 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Hans Schwarzenbach

Hans Schwarzenbach (24 May 1913 – 18 September 1993) was a Swiss equestrian. He was born in Langnau im Emmental. He won silver medal in team eventing at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, together with Anton Bühler and Rudolf Günthardt. He also competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Mountain Landscape with a Watermill

Mountainous Landscape (c. 1675-1679) is an oil on canvas painting by the Dutch landscape painter Jacob van Ruisdael. It is an example of Dutch Golden Age painting and is now in the collection of the Hermitage, in Saint Petersburg.
This painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1911, who wrote; "155. A WATER-MILL IN A NORWEGIAN LANDSCAPE. Sm. 307. A dark rocky landscape is intersected by a river, on which are a raft of timber and a small sailing boat. To the right, on the farther bank, are a cottage, a pile of timber, and a mill. Near the centre is a castle on a rocky hill. Farther to the left in the distance is a lofty conical hill, the top of which is hidden in a cloud. One of Ruisdael's most important pictures. Probably an evening effect, but very much darkened by time. Attributed in the 1838 catalogue to Salomon van Ruisdael. Canvas, 40 inches by 43 inches. Engraved by P. E. Moitte in the Brühl collection. In the collection of Count Brühl. In the Hermitage Palace, St. Petersburg, 1901 catalogue, No. 1147; it was there in 1835 (Sm., who valued it at £300)."
This scene is very similar to other paintings Ruisdael made in this period and these often served as inspiration for later painters of landscape.
* Michaelis collection.
* Statens Museum for Kunst.
* Getty Center.