OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Naas North

Naas North (Irish: An Nás Thuaidh) is a barony in County Kildare, Ireland.

## Etymology

Naas North derives its name from the town of Naas (Irish Nás na Ríogh, "assembly-place of the kings").

## Location

Naas North barony is located in northeast County Kildare, south and east of the Liffey.

## History

These were part of the ancient lands of the Uí Broin (O'Byrnes) before the 13th century, retaken in the 14th. The Uí Ceallaig Cualann (O'Kelly) were also noted early in the eastern section. An Uí Fhionáin (O'Finan) sept is noted in the north part of this barony. There was originally a single Naas barony, divided into north and south baronies before 1603.

## List of settlements

Below is a list of settlements in Naas North:
* Eadestown
* Naas
* Rathmore
* Sallins
# Nabao Lake

Nabao Lake (Filipino: Lawa ng Nabao) is a 38-hectare (94-acre) ecotourism site situated in Kalikasan Village, Barangay Santa Rita, adjacent to Barangay San Carlos in the Municipality of Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, Philippines along Jose Abad Santos Avenue.
The lake is situated near Mount Arayat, which is in a nature park. A 210-meter portion of the lake is used for several restaurants, food, handicraft stalls, souvenir shops, guest rooms, a zipline, and a hanging bridge in the center of the lake. It used to be an active fishing site.
The oxbow lake is an ecosystem shaped like an inverted. "C", it was once part of the Pampanga River until a flood control dike separated it therefrom. The PHP105-million project of Mayor Ramil B. Rivera features, among others, a view deck, gazebo and a “batalan sa lawa. It is home to fauna like the Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) or "Imelda fish", the Asian swamp eel, tilapia and mudfish. The lake's 20-M Eco-Tourism Park became the focus of the Paistimika Festival highlighting the town’s 167th foundation anniversary.
The groundbreaking ceremony was held on September 12, 2018 and inauguration thereof was on December 18, 2020. The place is pegged as the first floating market-park in the province of Nueva Ecija.
The lake is categorized as hypereutrophic (TSI 60–100, having the highest amount of biological productivity, "poor" water quality) based upon low Secchi disk visibility reading. It is classified as suitable for use under Class B (recreational) and Class C (propagation of fish and other aquatic resources). The lake is subject of the Wetland conservation and Community development by the Society for the Conservation of Philippine Wetlands, Inc.

## Gallery

* Water lilies at the lake
* Floating market welcome sign
* Eco-Tourism Park
* Historical marker
* Floating market shops
# Suharno

Suharno (Serbian Cyrillic: Сухарно, Albanian: Suharnë) is a village in the municipality of Bujanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the town has a population of 309 people. Of these, 307 (99,35 %) were ethnic Albanians, 1 (0,32 %) Bosniak, and 1 (0,32 %) other.
# Karaiyamai Rural Municipality

Karaiyamai (Nepali: करैयामाई) is a rural municipality in Bara District in Province No. 2 of Nepal. It was formed in 2016 occupying current 8 sections (wards) from previous 8 former VDCs. It occupies an area of 47.69 km$^2$ with a total population of 26,400.
# Keshar Man Rokka

Keshar Man Rokka (Nepali: केशरमान रोका) is a Nepalese politician. He was elected to the Pratinidhi Sabha in the 1999 election on behalf of the Nepali Congress. Rokka was the NC candidate in the Rukum-1 constituency for the 2008 Constituent Assembly election. He finished second, obtaining 4015 votes (10% of the votes in the constituency).
# Thandiani

Thandiani (literally meaning "very cold") is a hill station in the Galyat area of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Thandiani is located in the northeast of Abbottabad District and is about 37.5 kilometres (23.3 mi) from Abbottabad in the foothills of the Himalayas. To the east beyond the Kunhar River lies the snow-covered Pir Panjal mountain range of Kashmir. Visible to the north and northeast are the mountains of Kohistan and Kaghan. To the northwest are the snowy ranges of Swat and Chitral. The hills of Thandiani are about 2,750 metres (9,020 ft) above sea level.

## History

Thandiani was originally granted as a lease to some members of the Battye family in British India, who were Christian missionaries and also found in civil and military service, and who produced scions such as Wigram Battye and Quintin Battye. The Battyes subsequently gifted the location to the church authorities, where a sanatorium and various other facilities were set up during the British rule, mostly for the convenience of missionaries, Anglican church personnel and officers stationed at the neighbouring cantonment of Abbottabad. It also contained some private European houses, a camping ground, a small bazaar, and the small seasonal church of St. Xavier in the Wilderness which were occupied only during the summer months.

## Tourism

Thandiani is characterized by excellent weather and lush greenery in the summer months, and snow-covered vistas and hills in the winter. Many tourists from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and all over Pakistan visit here, especially in the summer season. Being at a high altitude, with attractive scenery and several hiking trails into the forests and other nearby locations, it is a very attractive prospect.
A beautiful trek leads to Thandiani from Abbottabad that passes through Dagri Naka.
It has famous villages namely, Sialkot, Chamiyali, Kotla, Basali and Pattan Kallan. Sialkot is the nearest village in fact Thandiyani lies in the boundaries of Sialkot village.

## Forests and Wildlife

The mountains around Thandiani are quite thickly forested compared to most other hill stations in the locality, which have suffered some degree of deforestation over time. The local wildlife includes leopards, monkeys, several kinds of pheasants and the increasingly rare flying squirrel and pine marten, to name only a few.

## 2005 earthquake

The area and its surrounding villages were damaged by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. Now, it is very developed spot for tourists.
# Kosta Atanasov

Kosta Atanasov Manushkin (Bulgarian: Коста Атанасов Манушкин) was a Bulgarian teacher and a revolutionary, a worker of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (IMARO).
Kosta Atanasov was born in 1870 in the village of Bachevo, Razlog Municipality, then part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1888 he finished the Bulgarian school in Bansko, and in 1894 he graduated from the Bulgarian Pedagogical School in Serres. Then he returned in his village and became a teacher. Later, he also worked as a teacher in Gradevo and Kresna.
He entered the IMARO and became a president of the Bachevo revolutionary committee. In 1901 he became a freedom fighter and joined the revolutionary band of Yane Sandanski. During the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising, he was a voyvoda (leader) of a revolutionary band and after he got injured in a battle near Bachevo he went to Sofia for medical treatment.
In 1904, he returned in Macedonia and participated in the reconstruction of the revolutionary organization. From 1904 to 1912 he worked as a teacher in the villages of Yakoruda, Eleshnitsa, Dobrinishte, Bansko and Bachevo.
After the Young Turk Revolution in 1908, he became a member of the People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section). He participated in the detachment of Yane Sandanski on his way to Constantinople to support the Young Turks.
He was killed by political opponents in 1912.
# Adega

Adega was a Portuguese restaurant in the Little Portugal neighborhood of San Jose, California. Established in 2015, it became the city's first restaurant to be awarded a Michelin star in 2016. In Summer 2023, the owners announced that the restaurant would close at the end of the year, to be replaced by a second location of Petiscos, a more casual Portuguese restaurant with the same chefs. Ownership reversed course in October 2024 and announced Adega would reopen in November 2024.

## History

Adega (Portuguese for "wine cellar") opened in late 2015 as a cafe. It is located in the Little Portugal neighborhood of San Jose, and replaced Sousa's, also a Portuguese restaurant, which had occupied the building for 33 years. The owners are Carlos and Fernanda Carreira, who are wine importers and local residents; the chefs are their daughter Jessica Carreira, a patissier, and her husband David Costa, who met while working at Eleven, a two Michelin star restaurant in Lisbon. The restaurant serves traditional Portuguese food.

### Michelin star

In October 2016 Adega was awarded a Michelin star, the first for a restaurant in San Jose and the second for a Portuguese restaurant in the US; Carreira, 23 years old, is also one of the youngest chefs to receive the award, and one of few women.
The restaurant retained its star in 2017 but lost it in 2018; it regained it in 2021.

### Spin-off restaurants

In November 2019, the owners of Adega opened a bakery and café in downtown San Jose, Pastelaria Adega. In November 2020, in the SoFA District, they opened Petiscos, a casual restaurant offering small plates, which in 2023 was added to the Michelin Guide and subsequently to the Bib Gourmand list.

### Closure

In July 2023, it was announced that Adega would close in December 2023 and be replaced by a second location of Petiscos.

### Return

The owners announced in October 2024 that the restaurant would reopen at its same location in November 2024.
# Mailapitiya National War Memorial

The Mailapitiya National War Memorial in Mailapitiya, Kandy is dedicated to all military and police personal killed in the Sri Lankan Civil War. It is a memorial park, with memorial walls and visitor center.
# Russian Democratic Society

Russian Democratic Society (Russian: Российское демократическое общество, Serbian Cyrillic: Руско демократско друштво, romanized: Rusko demokratsko društvo) is an anti-war Russian diaspora organization in Serbia. It represents the Russian citizens which emigrated to Serbia following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It opposes the invasion of Ukraine. Russian Democratic Society describes itself as "anti-war and anti-fascist".
The community adopted its name in English from the Russian Democratic Society, a distinct organization based in the United Kingdom that was registered approximately concurrently with this one. However, it had been known under the name 'Russian Democratic Society' well before this registration. The choice of name reflects a mutual commitment to promoting democratic values and human rights.

## History

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, tens of thousands of Russian citizens emigrated to Serbia. Russian Democratic Society was founded on 8 December 2022 by a group of Russian anti-war activists in Belgrade. It is represented by Peter Nikitin, a Belgrade-based human rights activist.
On 1 August 2023, the Russian Democratic Society has published an open appeal to Serbian Prime Minister Ana Brnabić and President Aleksandar Vučić to "stop the persecution of Russian anti-war activists in Serbia".
# Joanne Kilbourn

Joanne Kilbourn is a fictional Canadian detective, who appears in mystery novels by Gail Bowen.

## Overview

In Deadly Appearances, the first Kilbourn novel, she is a political strategist and advisor to Andy Boychuk, a politician who is murdered just hours after being elected Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. Kilbourn is forced to solve his murder while contending with the fact that the murderer is attempting to kill her too. In later novels, Kilbourn subsequently changes careers, becoming a political science professor in Regina, and later serves as a political commentator with a local television station. In the course of the later novels, she solves crimes committed both within the academic community and throughout the province of Saskatchewan.
Kilbourn is also a widow, whose husband was himself murdered several years before the events of Deadly Appearances. In A Colder Kind of Death, she is forced to investigate the killing of her late husband's murderer.

## Adaptations

Six of the Kilbourn mysteries were adapted for television by Shaftesbury Films and CTV. Wendy Crewson played Kilbourn. Victor Garber, and later Shawn Doyle played her police assistants.
List of films
* Love and Murder (2000) (adapted from Murder at the Mendel)
* Deadly Appearances (2000)
* The Wandering Souls Murders (2001)
* A Colder Kind of Death (2001)
* A Killing Spring (2002)
* Verdict in Blood (2002)

## Joanne Kilbourn mysteries

* Deadly Appearances, 1990
* Murder at the Mendel, 1991
* The Wandering Soul Murders, 1992
* A Colder Kind of Death, 1994
* A Killing Spring, 1996
* Verdict in Blood, 1998
* Burying Ariel, 2000
* The Glass Coffin, 2002
* The Last Good Day, 2004
* The Endless Knot, 2006
* The Brutal Heart, 2008
* The Nesting Dolls, 2010
* Kaleidoscope, 2012
* The Gifted, 2013
* 12 Rose Street, 2015
* What's Left Behind, 2016
* Winner's Circle, 2017
* A Darkness of the Heart, 2018
* The Unlocking Season, 2020
* An Image in the Lake, 2021
# Ply (layer)

A ply is a layer of material which has been combined with other layers in order to provide strength. The number of layers is indicated by prefixing a number, for example 4-ply, indicating material composed of 4 layers.

## Etymology

The word "ply" derives from the French verb plier, "to fold", from the Latin verb plico, from the ancient Greek verb πλέκω.

## Examples

* Yarn, where plying is a spinning technique to combine several fibres.
* Vehicle tires
* Plywood
* Toilet paper
# Opary

Opary (Russian: Опары) is a rural locality (a village) in Chaykovsky, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 80 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Opary is located 27.9 km northeast of Chaykovsky. Koryaki BNP is the nearest rural locality.
# Zolfileh

Zolfileh (Persian: زلفيله, also Romanized as Zolfīleh; also known as Zolfīneh) is a village in Sara Rural District, in the Central District of Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 98, in 24 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Duchess Christiane of Mecklenburg

Duchess Christiane Sophie Albertine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (6 December 1735 – 31 August 1794) was member of the House of Mecklenburg and a granddaughter of Duke Adolphus Frederick II. She was the eldest sister of Charlotte, Queen of the United Kingdom; Adolphus Frederick IV, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

## Early life

Christiane Sophie Albertine was born at Unteres Schloß in Mirow in the small duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, part of the Holy Roman Empire, as the eldest child of Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg and his wife, Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen.

## Biography

Christiane and her sister received a comprehensive education in Mirow, including Latin, Greek and French and tutors such as Friderike Elisabeth von Grabow and Gottlob Burchard Genzmer. Her youngest sister Charlotte married George III of the United Kingdom, whilst two of her brothers, Adolphus and Charles, were regents of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. During his Grand Tour through Europe in 1761, she met John Ker, 3rd Duke of Roxburghe, but as her younger sister Charlotte was already married to George III, protocol forbade them from marrying, and ultimately both Christiane and Ker never married.
Christiane lived in Neustrelitz with her unmarried brother Adolphus Frederick IV and represented him on some occasions. She met Thomas Nugent there in 1767. Remaining in Neustrelitz, in her later life Christiane became a canoness of Herford Abbey. On 13 January 1766 she was made a Dame, 1st Class of the Order of St Catherine. The almond eyes seen in her portraits may indicate that she had a disease of the thyroid, possibly Graves' disease, which causes the eyeballs to expand. Adolphus Frederick died in June 1794 and was buried in the royal crypt at Mirow; Christiane followed on 31 August 1794. Fritz Reuter portrayed her as Prinzess Christel or Christel-Swester in his Dörchläuchting (1866).

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Duchess Christiane of Mecklenburg :
# Maarjamäe Memorial

Maarjamäe Memorial (Estonian: Maarjamäe memoriaal) is a memorial in Tallinn, Estonia. The memorial is located on Pirita Road between the Lasnamäe Plateau and Tallinn Bay. The memorial is dedicated to those who had fallen when defending the Soviet Union during the World War II. Adjacent to the Maarjamae memorial complex is World War II German war cemetery.
The memorial is designed by architect Allan Murdmaa and sculptor Matti Varik [et], some parts are designed by architect Mart Port and sculptor Lembit Tolli [et].
The centre part of memorial is a 35-metre obelisk. The obelisk was erected in 1960. Besides the obelisk, the palm of the hand-prints and bronze seagulls named "Perishing seagulls" are also erected.
# Snail caviar

Snail caviar, also known as escargot caviar or escargot pearls, is the fresh or processed eggs of land snails. It is a luxury gourmet speciality produced in Austria, Czechia, France and Poland. They were also a delicacy in the ancient world, also known as "pearls of Aphrodite" for their supposed aphrodisiac properties.
In their natural state, the eggs are colourless. After processing, the eggs may be cream-coloured, pinkish-white, or white, with the eggs generally 3–4 mm in diameter. Some snail eggs may measure at 3–6 mm in diameter. Some commercial snail farms that produce escargot include the production of snail caviar as a part of their operations.

## Characteristics

The raw snail eggs have a slick shell that is delicate and breakable. They are sometimes pasteurised to preserve them. However, the pasteurisation of snail eggs has been described as having a tarnishing effect upon their flavour. Some preserved versions are processed and jarred without the use of pasteurisation, using brine as a preservative. Some producers use a flavoured brine to add flavour to the product.
The flavour of snail caviar has been described as being reminiscent of "baked asparagus", or "baked mushroom" with a "subtle" flavour with "woody notes", as having a "strong earthy" flavour, and as being crunchier than fish egg caviar. It may be served as other caviars are, with toast points, sour cream and champagne. It may also be served in soups.

## Snail farms

Snail farming is referred to as heliciculture, and includes the process of farming or raising land snails specifically for human consumption. Some commercial snail farms collect and process snail caviar, which is then jarred and marketed to consumers. Sometimes the snails are raised and kept in temperature, lighting and climate controlled conditions to encourage maximal reproduction, which produces the eggs. Since snails are hermaphroditic (having both male and female sexual organs), all can produce eggs. Snails typically bury their eggs in soil after they are laid.
One method of harvesting the eggs involves placing the snails in boxes that have soil and sand in them, whereupon the eggs are gathered. Snail egg output is meagre when compared to fish roe production such as that from sturgeon. As a comparison, one snail typically lays approximately four grams of eggs annually, whereas one sturgeon may have up to 18 kilograms (40 lb) of eggs.

## Market

In August 1987 in the United States, the Brut d'Escargot brand of snail caviar was reported as having a retail market value of $1,400 per kilogram ($40/oz). At that time, the retail price was similar to that of Beluga caviar. In December 2007, a 50-gram jar of De Jaeger brand snail caviar, produced at a snail farm in Soissons, France, retailed for €80. In September 2014, a 50-gram jar of Viennese Snails brand snail caviar, produced at a farm near Vienna, Austria, retailed for more than €150. A 50-gram jar equates to approximately two tablespoons of product. Some snail farms sell snail caviar directly to restaurants.
# Cachoeiras de Macacu

Cachoeiras de Macacu (Portuguese pronunciation:; means "Macacu Waterfalls" in Portuguese) is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population was 59,303 (2020) and its area is 956 km². Next to neighboring Rio Bonito municipality, it can be considered an exurb of Greater Rio de Janeiro metropolis.
Your mayor is Rafael Muzzi de Miranda.

## Conservation

The municipality contains part of the Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic, created in 2006. It held 76% of the 4,920 hectares (12,200 acres) Paraíso Ecological Station, created in 1987 and now integrated into the Três Picos State Park. It contains 49% of the 46,350 hectares (114,500 acres) Três Picos State Park, created in 2002. It contains part of the 19,508 hectares (48,210 acres) Bacia do Rio Macacu Environmental Protection Area, created in 2002.
# Rayden Tallis

Rayden Tallis (born 9 June 1975) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Tallis was part of Eastern Ranges' inaugural squad in the 1992 TAC Cup season. He made his Hawthorn debut in 1994 and earned a Rising Star nomination late in the season. He usually played in the back pocket but was also used through the midfield. Former Hawthorn star Dermott Brereton earned a lengthy suspension for stomping on Rayden Tallis' head during a pre-season game in 1994.
# Emblem of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Emblem of the Estonian SSR was adopted by the Stalinist authorities after the Soviet Union had occupied and annexed Estonia in August 1940. The emblem features a sunrise accented by sunbeams, the hammer and sickle for the victory of communism and the "world-wide socialist community of states", and the red star to represent the affiliation to communism. The emblem consists mainly of the colors red, yellow and green.
In the lower part the interlaced text reads in Estonian: Eesti NSV, an abbreviation for Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik ('Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic'). To the right, rye stalks encircle the center of the coat of arms, and to the left arcs a branch of a coniferous tree.
The banner bears the Soviet Union state motto, "Workers of the world, unite!", in both Estonian and Russian.
The official usage of the Soviet emblem was discontinued in Estonia in 1990, as the country switched back to the original coat of arms of independent Estonia along with other national symbols, display of which had been banned under the Soviet rule.