OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul W. Blackstock

Paul W. Blackstock (c. 1913–14 August 1978) was a former US Army Intelligence officer who wrote books and articles on counterintelligence after leaving service.

## Career

Blackstock worked for the US Army Intelligence during World War II, and later specialized in psychological warfare. In 1960 he became an associate professor at the University of South Carolina. He is credited with having first translated works of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn from Russian to English.
As of January 1973, Blackstock had published four books and 20 articles.
A book review by the New York Times of The Strategy of Subversion (1965) said that author could have "written a briefer, modern handbook along the lines of Machiavelli's The Prince" instead of the "somewhat discursive" and "redundantly" (long) text." The book criticizes the CIA for its role in the Bay of Pigs fiasco in 1961.
A book review by the CIA stated that The Secret Road to World War Two (1969) had "grave defects" resulting from the author's being "insufficiently grounded in intelligence, or insufficiently critical, to make discriminating judgments about his sources."

## Death

Paul W. Blackstock died on 14 August 1965, aged 65.

## Selected works
### Books authored

* The Strategy of Subversion: Manipulating the Politics of Other Nations (Chicago: Quadrangle, 1964)
* Agents of Deceit (1966)
* Secret Road to World War Two: Soviet versus Western Intelligence, 1921-1939 (1969)
* The CIA and the Intelligence Community: Their Roles, Organization, and Functions (St. Charles, MO: Forum Press, 1974)

### Books co-authored

* The Right to Know, to Withhold & to Lie (1969)
* "Covert Military Operations," Handbook of Military Institutions edited by Roger W. Little(Sage, 1971)
* Intelligence, Espionage, Counterespionage, and Covert Operations (1978)

### Books edited

* The Russian Menace to Europe (1953)

### Books translated

* We Never Make Mistakes by Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1963)

### Articles

* "The Central Intelligence Agency," Twentieth Century 21 (Spring 1966)
* "The CIA and the Penkovskiy Affair: 'A New Dis-Service for all Concerned'," Worldview 9 (Feb 1966)
* "CIA: A Non-Inside Report." Worldview 9:5 (May 1966)
* "'Books for Idiots': False Soviet 'Memoirs'," The Russian Review 25:3 (Jul 1966)
* "The Tukhachevsky Affair," The Russian Review (Apr 1969)
* "On the Moral Implications of Torture and Exemplary Assassination" (May 1970)
* "The Intelligence Community Under the Nixon Administration," Armed Forces and Society 1 (Feb 1975)
* "Counterintelligence and the Constitutional Order," Society 12 (Mar-Apr 1975)
# Saghari

Saghari (Persian: ساغري, also Romanized as Sāgharī and Sāgherī) is a village in Dowlatabad Rural District, in the Central District of Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,372, in 277 families.
# World Soundtrack Award – Public Choice

The Public Choice Award for the Best Score of the Year is an award by the World Soundtrack Academy. Each year, the general public votes for the nominees and the award is presented at the annual World Soundtrack Awards.

## History

The category has existed since 2001.
In 2016, the International Film Music Critics Association partnered with WSA in choosing the shortlist of nominees, selecting 30 scores representing the most outstanding works. The five nominees receiving the most votes became the final candidates for the award, with the winner announced at the awards gala.

## Winners

* 2001: Artificial Intelligence: A.I. – John Williams
* 2002: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring – Howard Shore
* 2003: The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers – Howard Shore
* 2004: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban – John Williams
* 2005: Alexander – Vangelis
* 2006: Brokeback Mountain – Gustavo Santaolalla
* 2007: The Fountain – Clint Mansell
* 2008: Aanrijding in Moscou – Tuur Florizoone [nl]
* 2009: Twilight – Carter Burwell
* 2010: A Single Man – Abel Korzeniowski
* 2011: 127 Hours – A. R. Rahman
* 2012: W.E. – Abel Korzeniowski
* 2013: The Butterfly's Dream – Rahman Altin
* 2014: Marina – Michelino Bisceglia
* 2015: The Maze Runner – John Paesano
* 2016: Carol – Carter Burwell
* 2017: Viceroy's House – A.R. Rahman
* 2018: Nostalgia – Eyquem Laurent
* 2019: How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World – John Powell
* 2020: Klaus – Alfonso G. Aguilar
* 2021: SAS: Red Notice – Benji Merrison
* 2022: The King's Daughter – Joseph Metcalfe, John Coda, and Grant Kirkhope
* 2023: Mr. Malcolm's List – Amelia Warner
* 2024: La Guerra dei Nonni – Umberto Scipione
# Admiral International Films

Admiral International Films was an Italian film studio set in Rome and whose director was Mario Maggi. It produced Veinte pasos para la muerte (1970), by Manuel Esteba, and Aquel maldito día (1971).

## Filmography

* La banda de los tres crisantemos (1970)
* Aquel maldito día (1970)
* Twenty Paces to Death (1970)
* Ore di terrore (1971)
# Kwasi

Kwasi is an Akan day name given in Ghana to a boy born on a Sunday (Kwasiada). Notable people with this name include:
* Kwasi Sintim Aboagye, Ghanaian teacher, businessman and politician of the 1950s and 1960s
* Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa, Ghanaian academic, Vice Chancellor of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology 2006–2010
* Kwasi Boateng Adjei (born 1954), Ghanaian politician
* Kwasi Ameyaw-Cheremeh (born 1966), Ghanaian politician
* Kwasi Anin-Yeboah (born 1953), Ghanaian lawyer and Chief Justice
* Kwasi Annoh Ankama (1957–2010), Ghanaian lawyer and politician
* Kwasi Sainti Baffoe-Bonnie (1950–2021), Ghanaian media administrator and politician
* Kwasi Boachi (1827–1904), Dutch mining engineer, Prince of Ashanti Empire
* Kwasi Kyei Darwkah (born 1965), Ghanaian broadcaster
* Kwasi Danquah III (born 1986), Ghanaian-British businessman, music executive known as Tinchi Stryder
* Kwasi Donsu (born 1995), Ghanaian footballer
* Kwasi Etu-Bonde, Ghanaian politician
* Kwasi Agyemang Gyan-Tutu (born 1957), Ghanaian politician
* Kwasi James (born 1995), Bermudian cricketer
* Kwasi Konadu, Jamaican-American author, scholar, educator, writer, editor, and historian
* Kwasi Kwarteng (born 26 May 1975), British Conservative Party politician
* Kwasi Jones Martin, English songwriter and producer also known as Eddie Martin
* Kwasi Obiri-Danso, Ghanaian biological scientist and academic
* Kwasi Opoku-Amankwa, Ghanaian academic and civil servant
* Kwasi Owusu (1945–2020), Ghanaian footballer
* Kwasi Owusu-Yeboa, Ghanaian politician and diplomat
* Kwasi Poku, Canadian soccer player
* Kwasi Sibo (born 1998), Ghanaian footballer
* Kwasi Songui, Canadian actor
* Kwasi Thompson (born 1975), Bahamian politician
* Kwasi Wiredu (born 1931), Ghanaian philosopher
* Kwasi Okyere Wriedt (born 1994), Ghanaian footballer
# Damien Valero

Damien Valero (born 1965) is a French mixed-media visual artist and professor of art and space at Georgia Tech (USA) and l'École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-La Villette (France). His work is held in the National Collection of France, and he exhibits throughout Europe and abroad.

## Career

Damien Valero passed the entry competition at Arts déco at age 23. Once admitted, he gravitated towards the printed image. Peter Keller encouraged him to seek entry to the Atelier national de recherche typographique [fr]. There he met Jean Widmer.
Studies :
* 1995 : École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs
* 1996 : Master's degree in Visual Arts, Paris 1 Panthéon la Sorbonne
* 1997 : Atelier national de recherche typographique
* DEA en arts plastiques et sciences de l'art, Paris 1 Panthéon la merde
# Antoine Buron

Antoine Buron (born October 12, 1983) is a French professional footballer currently playing for FC Dieppe. He previously played in Ligue 2 for Amiens and in Ligue 1 for Lorient.
# Antonin Trilles

Antonin Trilles (born 20 July 1983 in Arles) is a French goalkeeper.

## Career

Trilles played previously for French clubs US Marignane, GFC Ajaccio and AC Arles-Avignon, before signed in February 2011 for S.League club Etoile FC.
# Cheongpyeong station

Cheongpyeong station (Korean: 청평역) is a railway station on the Gyeongchun Line.
# Bucheon station

Bucheon station (Korean: 부천 (부천대)) is a ground level metro station located in Bucheon, South Korea. This station is on Seoul Subway Line 1. It was also once the southern terminus of the Gimpo Line, until its abandonment in 1980.
An E-Mart is located in the station itself. On the north side of the station there is a plethora of restaurants, bars, and pojang-macha (street food) stalls. To the south of the station there are bus stops for buses departing to Siheung.
# Bongyang station

Bongyang station (Korean: 봉양역) is a railway station in Bongyang, the city of Jecheon. It is on the Jungang Line and the Chungbuk Line. On July 1, 1941, with the opening of the Jungang Line, it opened as a regular station. Designated as a final station and a branch station along with the extension of the Chungbuk Line on December 31, 1958
Passenger handling was suspended from December 9, 2016, but on January 5, 2021, the Seowonju-Jecheon double-track electrification work was completed and passenger operations resumed.
# Jean François Denis de Keredern de Trobriand

Jean François Denis de Keredern de Trobriand (Plouigneau, 29 January 1730 – Brest, 18 February 1780) was a French Navy officer. He notably served during the American Revolutionary War.

## Biography

Trobriand was born to the family of Vincente Roulin and of Jean-Élie Denis de Keredern de Trobriand. He was half-brother to François-Marie Denis de Keredern de Trobriand, cousin to Jean François Sylvestre Denis de Trobriand, and uncle to François-Marie Denis de Keredern de Trobriand, who all served in the Navy. Trobriand married Geneviève Poissonnier des Perrières.
Trobriand joined the Navy as a Gardes de la Marine on 1 April 1748.
He was promoted to Ensign on 23 May 1754.
He was promoted to Lieutenant on 15 January 1762. On 1 January 1773, he was given command of the fluyt Étoile in Lorient. Between 1773 and 1777, she sailed to China and in the Indian Ocean. In 1773, Trobriand explored Denis Island, which was named in his honour. In 1775, Étoile was in Borneo, where Trobriand was offered two islands for France, the largest one being Lemukutan. Étoile surveilled the South-Western coast of Borneo. During the voyage, Étoile received orders to mount a punitive expedition against Pangaram Serip, King of Koti, at the mouth of the Mahakam River, in retaliation for the massacre of the crew of the merchantman Épreuve. Étoile attacked the port held by Pangaram Serip, along with the frigate Indiscrète, under Boucault, and Badine, under Le Veyer de Beuzidou, destroying or capturing 31 ships, and killing around 300 people.
He was promoted to Captain on 4 April 1777.
In 1778, Trobriand captained the 50-gun Amphion, part of the White-and-blue squadron under Du Chaffault in the fleet under Orvilliers. He took part in the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778. Seriously damaged, Amphion returned to Brest while the fight was still raging, carrying the first news of the battle. In consequence, Trobriand was replaced at the command of Amphion.
In 1779 and 1780, Trobriand commanded the 64-gun Alexandre. In February 1780, he transferred to Éveillé, but died a few days later.
# Nidamanur, Prakasam district

Nidamanur is a village in N G Padu Mandal, Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh.
# Jan Hals

Jan Hals (1620, Haarlem – 1654, Haarlem) was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

## Biography

According to Houbraken he was the son of the painter Frans Hals and was like his brothers Harmen and Frans II, good at music and painting. He was a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke. He had two children, Jan Jansz and Klaas, of whom one was still alive when Houbraken was writing. Houbraken claimed the son who was still alive (at the time he was writing, c. 1704–1710) had emigrated to the East Indies where he lived with a mestizo whom he married for her money, in a house filled with paintings "in the Dutch manner". Houbraken heard this story from J. Wieland, an elderly art collector who had known the family.
According to the RKD he was the son of Frans Hals and his second wife, Lysbeth Reyniersdr. He was the half-brother of Harmen and Frans II, and the full brother of Reynier and Nicolaes. He was the brother-in-law of Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten. He had the bentname "De Gulden Esel" (the golden easel), but he is not recorded in Italy, so it is difficult to understand how he came to join the Bentvueghels. He married in 1648 but his wife died only 6 months later. He married a second time to Sara Gerritsdr in 1649, but they appear to both be dead by 1654, when two sons are sent to the orphanage. He is known for portraits and scenes of daily life.
# Behavioural despair test

The behavioural despair test (or Porsolt forced swimming test) is a test, centered on a rodent's response to the threat of drowning, whose result has been interpreted as measuring susceptibility to negative mood. It is commonly used to measure the effectiveness of antidepressants, although significant criticisms of its interpretation have been made.

## Method

Animals are subjected to two trials during which they are forced to swim in an acrylic glass cylinder filled with water, and from which they cannot escape. The first trial lasts 15 minutes. Then, after 24-hours, a second trial is performed that lasts 5 minutes. The time that the test animal spends in the second trial without making any movements beyond those required to keep its head above water is measured. This immobility time is decreased by various types of antidepressants and also by electroconvulsive shock. Another common variant of this behavioural test specifically used for mice is conducted only for one trial and lasts six minutes. Modern implementations of the test score swimming and climbing behaviours separately, because swimming behaviour has been shown to be increased by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, while climbing behaviour is increased by selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors such as desipramine and maprotiline.

## Controversy in interpretation

Classically, immobility in the second test has been interpreted as a behavioural correlate of negative mood, representing a kind of hopelessness in the animal. Rodents given antidepressants swim harder and longer than controls (which forms the basis for claims of the test's validity). However, there is some debate between scientists whether increased immobility instead demonstrates learning or habituation, and would therefore be a positive behavioural adaptation: the animal is less fearful because it is now familiar with the environment of the test. This interpretation is supported by the fact that even rats who are first put into a container from which they can escape (and therefore do not experience despair) show reduced mobility in the second test.
Some pharmacological compounds that influence motor movement, like stimulants and sedatives, may cause animals to swim for different amounts of time that are unrelated to the antidepressant properties of the compound. Researchers need to assess locomotor activity in the animal's homecage or by a locomotor test. If locomotion is altered compared to controls then other animal antidepressant models should be used.
The term "behavioural despair test" bears an anthropomorphic connotation and is a somewhat subjective description as it is uncertain whether the test reliably gauges mood or despair. Strictly speaking, the descriptive term "forced swimming test" is preferred by researchers. The use of forced swimming tests is criticised by animal rights groups, notably PETA.
# Lithops optica

Lithops optica is a species of plant in the family Aizoaceae, endemic to Namibia.

## Name and description

The name "optica" means "eye-like" and refers to the rounded windows at the top of the leaves. In habitat, these two leaves emerge just above the surface of the ground.
The well-known and widely cultivated "rubra" variety is a bright purple/red colour. While most specimens of Lithops optica do not have this colour, the "rubra" variety is by far the most commonly cultivated.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the coastal areas around Lüderitz, Namibia. This is a very arid "mist-belt" area, with winter rainfall but extremely dry conditions. It is therefore one of the few species of Lithops which is adapted to a winter rainfall climate. Its natural habitat is sandy soil in rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Cultivation

Like all Lithops, it requires extremely well-drained soil. Like all Lithops it also grows in annual cycles, as the leaf-pairs flower, and then each produces a new leaf-pair that replaces the old one (which shrivels away). The principal rule of watering is that Lithops should be kept dry from when they finish flowering, up until the old leaf-pairs are fully replaced.
# Toshio Yuasa

Toshio Yuasa (Japanese: 湯浅利夫, romanized: Yuasa Toshio) (born October 3, 1935) was Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency (2001–2005). He was a graduate of the University of Tokyo.
# Ildar Yubin

Ildar Vladimirovich Yubin (Russian: Ильдар Владимирович Юбин; born June 8, 1974) is a former Russian professional ice hockey player.
# J. R. Ruffin

J. R. Ruffin (born July 28, 1982) is an American former professional Canadian football defensive back. He was signed by the Calgary Stampeders as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Idaho.
# Mikhail Ptashuk

Mikhail Nikolaevich Ptashuk (Russian: Михаил Николаевич Пташу́к, Belarusian: Міхаі́л Мікала́евіч Пташу́к); January 28, 1943 – April 26, 2002 was a Soviet and Belarusian film director and screenwriter.

## Filmography
### As director

* About Vitya, Masha, and Marines (1973)
* Forest Swing (1975)
* Time Has Chosen Us (1976)
* I'll Take Your Pain (1980)
* Black Castle Olshansky (1984)
* Sign of Disaster (1987)
* Our Armoured Train (1989)
* Co-op Politburo, or Will Long Farewell (1992)
* Game of Imagination (1995)
* In August of 1944 (2001)
* The Song of Rose (2003)

### As screenwriter

* The Song of Rose (2003)
* Colour of Love (2005)
# St Faithleach's GAA

St Faithleach's GAA (Irish: CLG Naomh Faíthleach) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Ballyleague, County Roscommon. The club plays in white and red and draws its membership from the parishes of Kilgefin and Cloontuskert.

## History

The club, which was formed in 1962, serves the areas of Curraghroe, Ballyleague, Cloontuskert, and Kilrooskey. The club is named after Saint Faithleachs, who founded an abbey at Cloontuskert in 520AD. Saint Faithleachs was a son of Fionnlugh Mac Olchú, and a brother of Brendan the Navigator also known as ‘The Voyager’.
The club won a Junior title in their first year, 1963, and reached a Roscommon Senior Football Championship final in 1965. They faced reigning county champions Shannon Gaels and won by one point, 0-10 to 1-06. This is the clubs first and only to date senior county title.
Since 1965, St Faithleach's have made it to the county final four times, being beaten by Clann na nGael in 1981 and St Brigid's three times, in 2006, 2007 and 2014.
Despite winning the O'Rourke Cup (Division One League) in 2019, the club was relegated to the Roscommon Intermediate Football Championship in the same year, after losing a relegation final against St Croan's GAA. This ended a 17 year stint in Roscommon's top competition.
However, in 2021, the club captured their third Intermediate county title and promoted back to the senior championship. The team went on to win their first Connacht Intermediate Club Football Championship defeating Naomh Anna of Galway by 2-14 to 2-12 in extra time, thanks to a last chance goal by Mikey Cox.

## Notable players

* Pat Lindsay - captained Roscommon to a National League title in 1979, five time Connacht champion and 1977 All-Star.
* Ciarán Murtagh - captained Roscommon to the 2017 Connacht Senior Football Championship.

## Honours

* Roscommon Senior Football Championship (1): 1965
* Roscommon Intermediate Football Championship (3): 1992, 2002, 2021
* Roscommon Junior A Football Championship (1): 1963
* O’Rourke Cup / Division One League (4): 1971, 1976, 2004, 2019
* Connacht Intermediate Football Championship (1): 2021
# Lac d'Orcières-Merlette

Lac d'Orcières-Merlette is a lake in Orcières, Hautes-Alpes, France.
* This Hautes-Alpes geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Pale rockfinch

The pale rockfinch or pale rock sparrow (Carpospiza brachydactyla) is a small sparrow found in the Middle East and Central Asia. It is the only member of the genus Carpospiza. Some authorities include it in the genus Petronia. Others have placed it in the finch family due to some similarities in behaviour and form, but the anatomy of its tongue exhibits characteristic sparrow features.
The range of pale rockfinch extends from eastern Turkey to Afghanistan, and south into the Arabian Peninsula and northern Africa as far as Ethiopia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and temperate grassland.
The breeding pattern of the pale rock sparrow is associated with specific aspects of habitat. Presence of this species is associated with temperature, grasshopper and beetle abundance, whereas density is associated with available habitat. Since available habitat plays a role on the density of pale rockfinches, rapidly growing villages and cultivation are a threat to the population.
# List of HGSA Orations

The HGSA Oration was established in 1990 in order to honour a pre-eminent member of the Human Genetics Society of Australasia (HGSA). It is a lecture given by a senior member of the HGSA who has contributed significantly to the profession over many years. The oration is given annually at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the HGSA.
| Year | Orator | Oration Title |
| 1990 | Anthony C Pollard AM | Birth and adolescence of the HGSA and its sibling 'ACH Chem-Path' |
| 1991 | O. Margaret Garson AO | Seven little Australians |
| 1992 | David M. Danks AO | What we can do/What we should do |
| 1993 | Richard Cotton AM | Detection of mutations in DNA |
| 1994 | Peter Fitzgerald | A human perspective |
| 1995 | Gillian Turner AM | The X chromosome and intelligence |
| 1996 | Grant R Sutherland AC | Fragile sites: from medium 199 to dynamic mutation |
| 1997 | Bridget Wilken AM | Mild disease carriers and problems with screening |
| 1998 | John Rogers AM | From medical genetics to psychotherapy and back again |
| 1999 | William (Bill) Carey PSM | Lysosomes, peroxisomes and other very important matters |
| 2000 | Dianne Webster ONZM | Newborn screening quality – lessons from the past |
| 2001 | Sr Regis Mary Dunne AO | Ethics and public policy in the genomic era |
| 2002 | John J Hopwood AM | Lysosomal storage disorders: early diagnosis and effective therapy |
| 2003 | Robert (Bob) Williamson AO | Ethics, the new genetics and public health |
| 2004 | Jack Goldblatt AM | Do genetics - see the world |
| 2005 | Michael Partington | Forays in syndromology over 50 years |
| 2006 | Not held | 11th International Congress of Human Genetics |
| 2007 | Robert (Mac) Gardner | Some reflections on the philosophy and practice of medical genetics |
| 2008 | John C Mulley | Forty years from markers to genes |
| 2009 | Ian Walpole | Clinical genetic services: base to horizons |
| 2010 | Jane Halliday | A trip down memory lane: progress in prenatal testing |
| 2011 | John H Pearn AO | Courage in discovery |
| 2012 | David O Sillence AM | Teaching and learning in genetic medicine |
| 2013 | Joanne W Dixon, ONZM | Genetics in clinical practice: integrating new discoveries into patient care over three decades |
| 2014 | Eric A Haan AO | Genetics - it's personal |
| 2015 | Alan Bittles AM | Why community genetics? |
| 2016 | Agnes Bankier OAM | Links and second chances... |
| 2017 | James (Jim) McGill AM | A fortuitous metabolic pathway |
| 2018 | Kristine Barlow-Stewart AM | I wanted to be a genetic counsellor ….. and this is my story |
| 2019 | Mary-Anne Young | Systems and change |
| 2020 | Not held | Not held due to the global COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2021 | Janice Fletcher | Phenotype, proteins, and pathology |
| 2022 | Nigel Laing AO | Tales of a grandfather (molecular genetics) |