OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tomier and Palaizi

Tomier and Palaizi (or Palazi) were two knights and troubadours from Tarascon, possibly brothers, and frequent comrades and co-composers (fl. 1199–1226).
Palaizi and Tomier were involved in the Albigensian Crusade. In the sirventes De chantar farai, written probably during Louis VIII's siege of Avignon in 1226, they criticised the Albigensian Crusaders and the Papacy — "those who have turned the crusade" — for diverting "succour and valour" (aid and military support) from the "Sepulchre" (the Holy Land), which was "disbelief", i.e. "a sin against the faith":
   Al Sepolcr'an tout socors e valenza cil q'an la croz vout, et es decredenza.
The Albigensian Crusade was described as a falsa croisada and the song had a rhyming refrain which must have been intended to arouse Provenç passions for the fight against the French: Segur estem, seignors, / E ferm de ric socors! ("Lords, we are certain and confident of mighty aid"). Tomier and Palaizi blamed the church leadership, especially the legate Romano of Sant'Angelo, for avarice. In an earlier, and less violent sirventes, Si col flacs molins torneja (c. 1216), the two troubadours explain that the Albiensian venture ruins the roads and ports that lead to Acre, where the true Crusade is being waged. To them, the Crusaders pauc a en Deu d'esperanssa (have little hope in God). In the end Tomier and Palaizi attacked the Church for heresy and thus marked themselves out as heretics from the Church of Rome.

## Sources

* Graham-Leigh, Elaine. The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005. ISBN 1-84383-129-5
* Throop, Palmer A. "Criticism of Papal Crusade Policy in Old French and Provençal." Speculum, Vol. 13, No. 4. (Oct., 1938), pp 379–412.
* Puckett, Jaye. "'Reconmenciez novele estoire': The Troubadours and the Rhetoric of the Later Crusades." MLN, Vol. 116, No. 4, French Issue. (Sep., 2001), pp 844–889.
# 2024 UCI Africa Tour

The 2024 UCI Africa Tour is the 20th season of the UCI Africa Tour. The season began on 27 October with the 34th edition of Tour du Faso and will end on 6 October 2024.
The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wore the UCI Africa Tour cycling jersey.
Throughout the season, points were awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determined how many points were awarded to the top finishers: the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points were awarded. The UCI ratings from highest to lowest were as follows:
* Multi-day events: 2.1 and 2.2
* One-day events: 1.1 and 1.2

## Events

Races in the 2024 UCI Africa Tour :
| Race | Rating | Date | Winner | Team |
| Tour du Faso | 2.2 | 27 October – 5 November 2023 | Paul Daumont (BUR) | Burkina Faso (national team) |
| Tour du Rwanda | 2.1 | 18–25 February 2024 | Joseph Blackmore (GBR) | Israel–Premier Tech |
| Tour du Bénin | 2.1 | 30 April – 5 May 2024 | Achraf Ed Doghmy (MAR) | Morocco (national team) |
| Grand Prix de la Ville d'Oran | 1.2 | 11 May 2024 | Nassim Saidi (ALG) | Madar Pro Cycling Team |
| Tour d'Algérie | 2.2 | 12–21 May 2024 | Nassim Saidi (ALG) | Madar Pro Cycling Team |
| Tour du Mali | 2.2 | 21–26 May 2024 | Yaya Diallo (MLI) | Club Cycliste Airness de Niéna |
| Grand Prix de la Ville d'Annaba | 1.2 | 22 May 2024 | Milkias Maekele (ERI) | Eritrea (national team) |
| Grand Prix de la Ville d'Alger | 1.2 | 24 May 2024 | Hamza Amari (ALG) | Madar Pro Cycling Team |
| Tour du Cameroun | 2.2 | 29 May – 9 June 2024 | Clovis Kamzong (CMR) | SNH Vélo Club |
| Tour du Maroc | 2.2 | 31 May – 9 June 2024 | Axel Narbonne Zuccarelli (FRA) | Nice Métropole Côte d'Azur |
| Tour de Maurice | 2.2 | 11–14 June 2024 | Piotr Brożyna (POL) | Team Felt–Felbermayr |
| Courts Mamouth Classique de l'ìle Maurice | 1.2 | 16 June 2024 | Patryk Stosz (POL) | Team Felt–Felbermayr |
| Championnat des Îles de l'Océan Indien ITT | 1.2 | 30 June 2024 | Alexandre Mayer (MRI) | Mauritius (national team) |
| Championnat des Îles de l'Océan Indien RR | 1.2 | 4 July 2024 | Alexandre Mayer (MRI) | Mauritius (national team) |
| Grand Prix Chantal Biya | 2.2 | 1–5 October 2024 | Wesley Van Dyck (BEL) | Cycling Vlaanderen |
| Grand Prix d'Ongola | 1.2 | 6 October 2024 | Oussama Mimouni (ALG) | Algeria (national team) |
# 2024 UCI America Tour

The 2024 UCI America Tour is the 20th season of the UCI America Tour. The season began on 17 November 2023 with the Vuelta Ciclista Internacional a Guatemala and will end on 8 October 2024.
The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wore the UCI America Tour cycling jersey. Throughout the season, points were awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determined how many points were awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points were awarded.
The UCI ratings from highest to lowest were as follows:
* Multi-day events: 2.1 and 2.2
* One-day events: 1.1 and 1.2

## Events

Races in the 2024 UCI America Tour :
| Race | Rating | Date | Winner | Team |
| Vuelta Ciclista Internacional a Guatemala | 2.2 | 17–26 November 2023 | Gerson Toc (GUA) | Decoba–ASO Quetzaltenango |
| Vuelta Ciclista Internacional a Costa Rica | 2.2 | 16–25 December 2023 | Juan Diego Alba (COL) | Movistar–Best PC |
| Vuelta al Táchira en Bicicleta | 2.2 | 14–21 January 2024 | Jonathan Klever Caicedo (ECU) | Petrolike |
| Tour Colombia | 2.1 | 6–11 February 2024 | Rodrigo Contreras (COL) | Nu Colombia |
| Jamaica International Cycling Classic | 2.2 | 5–7 April 2024 | Wilmar Paredes (COL) | Team Medellín |
| Tour of the Gila | 2.2 | 24–28 April 2024 | Tyler Stites (USA) | Project Echelon Racing |
| Vuelta BANTRAB | 2.2 | 1–5 May 2024 | Jonathan Caicedo (COL) | Petrolike |
| Gran Premio New York City | 1.2 | 19 May 2024 | Tibor Del Grosso (NED) | Alpecin–Deceuninck Development Team |
| Elite Road Central American Championships ITT | 1.2 | 6 June 2024 | Franklin Archibold (PAN) | Panama (national team) |
| Elite Road Central American Championships ITT | 1.2U | 6 June 2024 | Donovan Ramírez (CRC) | Costa Rica (national team) |
| Elite Road Central American Championships TTT | 1.2 | 7 June 2024 | Christofer Jurado Franklin Archibold Sandi Guerra Bredio Ruiz Randish Abdul Lorenzo Alex Strah | Panama (national team) |
| Elite Road Central American Championships IRR | 1.2 | 9 June 2024 | Franklin Archibold (PAN) | Panama (national team) |
| Tour de Beauce | 2.2 | 12–16 June 2024 | Josh Burnett (NZL) | MitoQ–NZ Cycling Project |
| Vuelta a Colombia | 2.2 | 14–23 June 2024 | Rodrigo Contreras (COL) | Nu Colombia |
| Vuelta a Venezuela | 2.2 | 6–13 October 2024 | Walter Vargas (COL) | Team Medellín |
# Bridgend, County Donegal

Bridgend or Bridge End (Irish: Ceann an Droichid) is a village in County Donegal, Ireland, at the base of the Inishowen peninsula. It is located on the N13 road to Letterkenny, on the western outskirts of Derry and near the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

## History

Bridgend was one of several Protestant villages in eastern Donegal that would have been transferred to Northern Ireland, had the recommendations of the Irish Boundary Commission been enacted in 1925.

## Schools

The national school or primary school in Bridgend is called St. Aengus' National School. Traditionally, children resident in Bridgend attend secondary schools in Buncrana - Scoil Mhuire (Convent of Mercy) and Crana College (formerly Buncrana Vocational School or more commonly known as the 'tech').

## Parish and townlands

Bridgend is part of Fahan parish which takes in Fahan, Burt and Inch.
The main townlands of Bridgend include Carrowreagh and Bunamayne (or Bonemaine; Irish: Bun na Maighne). They are divided by a river which runs through Bridgend, with Carrowreagh to the north and Bunamayne to the south of the river. Other townlands of Bridgend include Tummock which is a back road running parallel to the Burt main road.

## Sport

Traditionally, children of St. Aengus' N.S. have gone on to play for the local GAA club which is Burt GAC. They have also continued to play for the Club long after they progress to secondary and third level education.
# Ibrahim Bilali

Ibrahim Bilali (born July 21, 1965) is a retired flyweight boxer from Kenya, who won a bronze medal in the flyweight division (– 51 kg) at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. In the semifinals he was defeated by Redzep Redzepovski of Yugoslavia, the eventual silver medalist.

## 1984 Olympic results

Below are the results of Ibrahim Bilali, a Kenyan flyweight boxer who competed at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics:
* Round of 32: Defeated Patrick Mwamba (Zambia) by decision, 3-2
* Round of 16: Defeated Alvaro Mercado (Colombia) by decision, 4-1
* Quarterfinal: Defeated Laureano Ramirez Padilla (Dominican Republic) by decision, 5-0
* Semifinal: Lost to Redzep Redzepovski (Yugoslavia) by decision, 0-5 (was awarded bronze medal)
# Louise Darios

Louise Darios (Daria Luisa Pacheco de Céspedes), born 8 November 1913 Paris - 23 November 1986 Montreal) was a Peruvian singer , actress , journalist , storyteller and folklorist . Her father was the musician Juan Luis Pacheco de Céspedes.

## Life

She studied at the Lycée Victor Duruy and at the Cours Maintenon. She studied with Reynaldo Hahn in Paris, Margarita Xirgu in Chile, Alfred La Liberté in Montreal. She studied folklore with Atahualpa Yupanqui and Marius Barbeau.
From 1936 to 1938, she toured Europe beginning in Paris .From 1938 to 1948 she made long trips during which she gave concerts, radio, folklore, theater and conference talks in Chile, Peru, Argentina and Brazil.
From 1946 to 1950, she toured with a hundred concerts in Quebec Ontario, and Montreal. She co-founded the Théâtre du Rideau Vert. She taught at the École de la Chanson, and worked at Radio-Canada. She traveled to Paris in 1948 .From 1950 to 1955, she toured South America and Quebec
She wrote Luis Pacheco de Cespedes; a great Peruvian musician .
In 1983, the Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ) created a collection based on her manuscripts: stories, short stories, and texts for radio and television .

## Works

* Reportages du Chat Alexandre au Brésil, Éditions Héritage, [1976] ISBN 978-0-7773-3009-8
* Le retable des merveilles, et Deux histoires d'amour: souvernances Venezuela-Brésil-Honduras, Naaman, 1979 ISBN 978-2-89040-013-9
* Tous les oiseaux du monde : histoires de chansons, Beauchemin, 1975 ISBN 978-0-7750-0315-4
* Contes étranges du Canada. Montréal: Éditions Beauchemin. 1962.
** Louise Darios (1965). Strange tales of Canada. Translated by Philippa C. Gerry. Toronto: Ryerson Press.
# Faustino Malaguti

Faustino Giovita Mariano Malaguti (15 February 1802 – 26 April 1878) was a chemist. Born in pre-unification Italy, he was exiled and took French citizenship in 1840.

## Biography

Malaguti was born in Pragatto near Bologna, where his father Giuseppe Valerio was a pharmacist. After being schooled by Barnabites, he attended the University of Bologna, where he qualified as a pharmacist. He practiced his profession and was also hired by customs to investigate imported medicines.
Malaguti took part in the 1831 uprising against the authority of the Papal States, being named secretary in the provisional government. After the revolution was crushed by Austria, he was imprisoned in Venice and then exiled, settling in Paris.
In 1833, Malaguti became an assistant to Théophile-Jules Pelouze at the École Polytechnique, and two years later he became a chemist at the Royal Porcelain Works in Sèvres. He wrote only two works on porcelain during his time there, instead dedicating himself to organic chemistry; he gained a doctorate in the area from Sorbonne University in 1839. In 1842, he became professor of chemistry at the University of Rennes. In 1846, he discovered 1,2-Dibromotetrachloroethane. He became the university's dean in 1855 and the rector in 1866.
Malaguti's lectures on agricultural chemistry were so highly regarded that they were subsidised by France's Ministry of Agriculture. He was an expert in the trial of the local serial killer by poison, Hélène Jégado.
After being naturalised as a French citizen in 1840, he married Fanny Megissier, with whom he had a son, Carlo. He died in Rennes on 26 April 1878, aged 76. He is buried at the Nord Cemetery in Rennes.
# The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Christian Myth

The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Christian myth is a 1979 book about the Dead Sea Scrolls, Essenes and early Christianity that proposes the non-existence of Jesus Christ. It was written by John Marco Allegro (1922–1988).

## Content

The book was written nine years after Allegro's forced resignation from academia due to publishing The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross. It is an imaginative look at what life would have been like at Qumran, Judea at the time when Jesus was supposed to have lived in the 1st century CE.
The book's aim was to show the logical progression of Jewish history through the writings and archaeology of Qumran, as opposed to the (unique) revelation of traditional Christianity. Allegro suggested that traditional Christianity developed through a literal misinterpretation of symbolic narratives found in the scrolls by writers who did not understand the minds of the Essenes. He further argued that Gnostic Christianity developed directly from the Essenes and that Jesus Christ was a fictional character based on a real person, who had helped establish the Essene movement (or "Way") and lived in the 1st century BCE, around one hundred years before the traditional period of New Testament events. In a chapter entitled "Will the real Jesus Christ please stand up," Allegro referred to this man as the Teacher of Righteousness.
Allegro argued that the word Essenes signified "healers" and that the Essenes had inherited a lore of healing with plants and stones that had been passed down from the "fallen angels" that arrived on Mount Hermon mentioned in the Book of Enoch. He presumed their establishment of Qumran complex by the Dead Sea was related to the interpretation and anticipation of a prophecy about the Teacher of Righteousness, a "man whose appearance was like the appearance of bronze, with a line of flax and a measuring rod in his hand," (Ezekiel 40:3) who was to somehow create lifegiving waters to flow into the Dead Sea from a temple in some northern location (Ezekiel 47:1–12).

## Reaction

The book received widespread criticism from the academic community: numerous rebuttals were published, and other members of the team pointed out the problems with Allegro's arguments. Randall Price called Allegro "the father of scroll sensationalists" for his interpretations of the scrolls. Allegro believed that there was a conspiracy to prevent publication of the scrolls because they could damage the image of Jesus, which was later repeated by conspiracy theory writers such as Richard Leigh and Michael Baigent in their book The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception.
Allegro's theories about the relationship of the scrolls to Jesus were widely rejected and led to his rapid downfall. Allegro had previously published The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross in 1970, with even more theories about Jesus. Allegro was heavily criticized by many scholars, including his own mentor at Oxford, and his publisher issued an apology. Allegro's scholarly reputation was destroyed, and he had to resign from his academic position.
# Mamiya Six

The Mamiya Six, also known as the Mamiya-6, is a series of folding medium-format rangefinder cameras manufactured by Mamiya between 1940 and the late 1950s. The cameras captured twelve 6 cm × 6 cm images on 120 film rolls. Some later models could also take sixteen 4.5 cm × 6 cm images. The cameras were coupled rangefinders, but had a unique focusing mechanism that moved the film plane instead of the lens. The lenses were not interchangeable, and were made by various Japanese manufacturers. Beginning with the model IV, the name on the top plate changed from "Mamiya Six" (two lines) to "Mamiya-6".

## Models

* Mamiya Six I (1940)
* Mamiya Six I A (1941)
* Mamiya Six III (1942)
* Mamiya Six II (1943)
* Mamiya Six II A (1943)
* Mamiya-6 IV (1947)
* Mamiya-6 V (1953)
* Mamiya-6 K (1954)
* Mamiya-6 IV B (1955)
* Mamiya-6 Automat (1955)
* Mamiya-6 K II (1956)
* Mamiya-6 IV S (1957)
* Mamiya-6 P (1957)
* Mamiya-6 Automat 2 (1958)
# Hakanaku mo Towa no Kanashi

"Hakanaku Mo Towa No Kanashi" (儚くも永久のカナシ, lit. Fleeting Yet Everlasting sorrow) is the twelfth single by the Japanese band Uverworld and was released on November 19, 2008. Limited edition version (manufactured until end of December 2008) contains Mobile Suit Gundam 00 version of the title song with the original cover.
This is the first #1 single of the group on the Japanese Oricon weekly charts.

## Track listing
### CD

* Hakanaku mo Towa no Kanashi (儚くも永久のカナシ, lit. Fleeting Yet Everlasting sorrow)
* Taion (体温, lit. Body Temperature)
* Halzion (ハルジオン, lit. Philadelphia Daisy)

### DVD

* Revolve
* Empty96
* Groovy Groovy Groovy

## Personnel

* TAKUYA∞ - vocals, rap, programming
* Katsuya - guitar, programming
* Akira - guitar, programming
* Nobuto - bass guitar
* Shintarou - drums
* This 2000s Japanese single–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Abdul Aziz bin Nasser al-Thani

Sheikh Abdul Aziz bin Nasser al-Thani (Arabic: عبد العزيز بن ناصر آل ثاني) is a Qatari businessman and member of the ruling al-Thani family.

## Career

Al-Thani serves as deputy chairman of the Business Trading Company (BTC), a development and investment company that prides itself on close connections to the Qatari state. Established in 1997 in Doha, the multimillion-dollar firm deals primarily with the development of shopping malls and leisure-centers, such as Landmark Mall and Villaggio Mall. BTC’s chairman is Abdulaziz bin Mohammed al-Rabban.

## BTC

Abdulaziz bin Mohammed Al Rabban is the chairman and Al-Thani serves as deputy chairman of the Business Trading Company (BTC), investment company that is mainly composed of project developers, focusing in real estate development. BTC was founded in Qatar in 1997 to offer retail complexes. The Landmark Shopping Mall, built in 2000, and the Villaggio Shopping Mall, built in 2006 are the company's two most prominent retail complexes that have affected Qatar's development. These two complexes partnered with the Qatari Ministry of Interior using its personal Qatari identification card with the Department of Citizenship and travel documents in its complexes, as well as the opening of the department's branches in the malls. BTC boasts itself on its connections in the State of Qatar and in the Gulf region.
# Alfred Still

Alfred Still (January 28, 1869 – May 3, 1963) was an English electrical engineer, academic and book author. He worked both as a practicing electrical engineer and as faculty at Purdue University. Before retirement he authored six textbooks; after retiring he co-authored one textbook, wrote three general science books and one on aspects of scientific philosophy, some of which are available online.

## Life

Still was born in Gloucestershire, England, and received his primary education in Dieppe, Normandy, France from 1879-1885. At the age of 16 he entered Finsbury Technical College in London, England, graduating in 1889 where he studied under Dr. Silvanus P. Thompson. After graduating, he participated in the development of the first hydroelectric power plant in England, and later became a designer and manufacturer of electrical machinery in Manchester, England.
In early 1911 Still moved to Canada to work on hydroelectric development for the Lake Superior Power Company, with its central office in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. He joined the Purdue University faculty in 1913 to take charge of instruction in Electrical Engineering, teaching for many years. He retired as Professor Emeritus in 1935. He was the author of a number of science textbooks, scientific articles and at least one novel.

## Awards

Still became a Fellow of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1914.
# Arthur d'Echérac

Arthur Auguste Mallebay du Cluzeau d'Échérac (26 February 1832 – 22 August 1919), known by the pseudonym G. Dargenty, was a French journalist, art critic, writer and sculptor.

## Career

Arthur d'Échérac was born in Guéret and had a younger brother, Pierre-Albert. His father was a prefect of Louis Philippe I and a member of the Society of Natural and Archaeological Sciences of Creuse. The family later moved to Angoulême, where Arthur was a student at the Lycée Guez-de-Balzac and the Lycée in Poitiers. After his mother died, he attended and graduated in law from the Faculty of Law of Paris. He entered the Préfecture de la Seine in 1860 and joined the Public Assistance services. He progressed in the administration and ended up as Inspector General from 1882 to 1896.
At the same time, he had an interest in sculpture, studying under Jean Gautherin. He exhibited at the Salon des artistes français from 1870 to 1889. He worked on medallions or busts of contemporary figures such as Georges Clemenceau, Léon Cladel, Ferdinand Fabre and Michel Möring.
He founded and wrote the review L'Art ornamental from 1884 to 1889 and collaborated as an art critic in many newspapers and reviews such as L'Art, Courrier de l'art, La Revue française, La République French, Justice, Le Temps, Canton of Sèvres, Journal of Versailles, The Republic of Letters, and the Literary and artistic review. Under the pseudonym of G. Dargenty, he published about ten books in the field of art.
He held the office of mayor of Sèvres twice, from 1886 to 1889 and from 1898 to 1900. In 1901, he was a member of the Société d'anthropologie de Paris. In 1885, he was named a Knight of the Legion of Honour.

## Personal life

In 1876, he married Mrs. Honorine-Louise Faucon and produced a daughter who would later marry Baron Hugues de Nielly. Arthur d'Échérac died in Paris on August 22, 1919, at the age of 87. He is buried in Paris, in the Montparnasse Cemetery (19th division).

## Selected publications

* G. Dargenty, Le Roman d'un exilé, tome 2 : roman de mœurs et études sociales, Paris, Éditions Alphonse Lemerre, 1872.
* G. Dargenty, Eugène Delacroix, par lui-même, Éditions J. Rouam, 1885.
* G. Dargenty, Le Baron Gros, Paris, Librairie de l'Art , 1887.
* G. Dargenty, Antoine Watteau, Paris, Librairie de l'Art, 1891.
* Arthur d'Échérac, L'Assistance publique: ce qu'elle fut, ce qu'elle est, Paris, Éditions Georges Steinheil, 1909.

## Sculpture

* Paris:
** cimetière du Montparnasse:
*** 6e division : Louis Asseline, médaillon en bronze ornant le monument funéraire de l'homme de lettres ;
*** 15e division : Michel Möring, buste en bronze ;
*** 19e division : Auguste Coudereau, médaillon en bronze ornant le monument funéraire du pharmacien.
* Louis Asseline, bronze medallion, Paris, Montparnasse Cemetery.
* Auguste Coudereau, bronze medallion, Paris, Montparnasse Cemetery.