OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peter van Nieuwenhuizen

Peter van Nieuwenhuizen (Dutch:; born October 26, 1938) is a Dutch theoretical physicist. He is a distinguished Professor at Stony Brook University in the United States. Widely known for his contributions to String theory, Supersymmetry, Supergravity and Field theory.
He is best known for his discovery of supergravity with Sergio Ferrara and Daniel Z. Freedman for which he along with his collaborators won the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics in 2019.

## Life and career

Peter van Nieuwenhuizen studied physics and mathematics at the University of Utrecht, where he obtained in 1971 his Ph.D. under the supervision of later Nobel laureate Martinus Veltman.
After his studies in Utrecht he went to CERN (Geneva), the University of Paris in Orsay, and Brandeis University (Waltham). In 1975 he joined the Institute for Theoretical Physics, now named C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, of the Stony Brook University, where he succeeded Nobel laureate C. N. Yang as its director from 1999 till 2002.

## Awards and honors

For constructing supergravity, the first supersymmetric extension of Einstein's theory of general relativity, and for their central role in its subsequent development Peter van Nieuwenhuizen, Sergio Ferrara and Daniel Z. Freedman received in 1993 the Dirac medal from the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste (Italy), in 2006 the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics of the American Physical Society and in 2016 the Ettore Majorana Medal from EMFCSC, Erice. In 2019 the three were awarded a special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics of $3 million for the discovery.
He is a fellow of the American Physical Society, and a corresponding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1994, and of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. He was made a Knight in the Order of the Dutch Lion in 2004, and Honorary professor of the Technical University of Vienna (Austria) in 2005.
# Sostro

Sostro (pronounced; German: Sostru$^{:84,108}$) is a formerly independent settlement in the eastern part of the capital Ljubljana in central Slovenia. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. In addition to the main settlement, Sostro includes the hamlet of Betežica, located to the northeast along Betežčica Creek, and the hamlet of Glastavci in the wooded hills above Betežica. Sostro is also the source of the name of the Sostro District (Slovene: Četrtna skupnost Sostro), the largest district of the capital.

## Name

Sostro was first attested in written sources as Czozter in 1353 (and as Zozter in 1356, and ze Oster and Soster in 1342). The medieval attestations indicate that the name was originally *Coster, with later assimilation of C–s– to S–s–. *Coster is presumably derived from Middle High German ze Ôster 'at the east', likely referring to the nearby castle at Osterberg (literally, 'east mountain'; Slovene: Ostri vrh)$^{:107}$ above Podgrad. Osterberg Castle was the first castle east of Ljubljana, built in the 13th century. Sostro thus means 'at the place to the east'. Locally, Sostro is known as Sostr and in the past the German name was Sostru.$^{:84,108}$ For similar Slovene geographical names based on foreign-language prepositional phrases of location, compare Cmurek, Crngrob, Cven, Dragonja, and Spuhlja.

## History

Roman urn graves have been found in the woods behind the church in Sostro, testifying to early settlement of the area. Schooling was begun in Sostro in 1869, when the first schoolhouse was built. A new school building was built in 1913. During the Second World War, Italian forces executed hostages below Dimnik Hill (Slovene: Dimnikov hrib) behind the village. This is commemorated by a plaque. Sostro was annexed by the City of Ljubljana in 1982, ending its existence as an independent settlement.

## Church

A church dedicated to Saint Leonard (Slovene: sveti Lenart) was mentioned in written sources as early as the 14th century. The old church was razed after it was damaged in the earthquake of 1895, and a new church was built slightly further south in 1898 in a pseudo-Romanesque style. Furnishings preserved from the old church include a 1750 painting of Saint Elizabeth by Valentin Metzinger (1699–1759), a painting of Saint Florian by Josip Egartner, and a painting of Saint Leonard by Janez Wolf (1825–1884). Stained glass windows designed by Stane Kregar (1905–1973) were installed in 1968. Sostro was made a vicariate in 1753 and later elevated to a parish.
# Li Wanheng

Li Wanheng (Chinese: 李万恒; pinyin: Lǐ Wànhéng; October 1923 – 6 May 2016) was a Chinese colonel of the People's Liberation Army. He served as the commander of the 67th Army of the People's Liberation Army from 1981 to 1983.

## Biography

Li Wanheng was born in Laishui County, Zhili (now Hebei). He joined the Eighth Route Army (18th Army Group of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China) in October 1940, and joined the Chinese Communist Party the following year. Li was the chief staff officer of the 597th Regiment, 199th Division in the Korean War. He saw action a series of battles with the 67th Army especially in the Battle of Kumsong, the last large-scale battle of the Korean War. Li became the deputy commander of the 597th Regiment, commander of the 597th Regiment, deputy commander of the 199th Division, chief staff officer of the 199th Division and commander of the 199th Division sequentially after he returned to China. He was promoted as the colonel of the People's Liberation Army in 1965. Li was the army corps commander of the 67th Army between 1981 and 1983. He retired from army in August 1983.
Li died on 6 May 2016 at the age of 92 in Qingdao.
# No'am

No'am (Hebrew: נֹעַם, נועם, lit. 'Pleasantness') is a religious moshav in south-central Israel. Located in Hevel Lakhish, it falls under the jurisdiction of Shafir Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 342.

## History

The village was established in 1955 by Hapoel HaMizrachi. The first residents were Jewish immigrants from the Maghreb, most of whom were from Morocco. They were later joined by more Jewish immigrants from Iran and Iraq. It was named after the Biblical book Proverbs 3:17: The Wisdom - "Her ways are ways of pleasantness".
# Pecetto di Valenza

Pecetto di Valenza (Piedmontese: Apsèj) is a commune of the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region of northwest Italy with a population of 1282 (December 2008 estimate). It is south of the river Po, and about 8 kilometres (5 mi) northeast of the provincial capital of Alessandria, on an eastern spur of the hills of the Basso Monferrato. The commune's neighbours are Alessandria, Bassignana, Montecastello, Pietra Marazzi, and Valenza.
The municipal boundaries enclose an area of 11.5 square kilometres (4.4 sq mi) that ranges in elevation from 85 to 261 metres (279 to 856 ft) above sea level and is predominantly agricultural in character: the economy is largely based on the cultivation of cereals and grapes. Four distinct settlements are identified in the Statuto comunale as "historically recognised by the community"; these were also the four designated places for the 2001 census. Pecetto di Valenza itself, which stands at 212 metres (696 ft) above sea level and is the capoluogo of the commune, was the most populous with 499 of the commune's 1,312 inhabitants. Pellizzari, at 407 metres (1,335 ft), had a population of 120. Gasperini, at 192 metres (630 ft), had 30 inhabitants and Molina, at 171 metres (561 ft), 16. A further 360 residents, 27 percent of the total, were counted in isolated dwellings such as farmhouses.

## Notable people

* Giuseppe Borsalino, who gave his name to the Borsalino hat-making company which he developed in Alessandria, was born in Pecetto di Valenza in 1834.
# Kashir Mahalleh

Kashir Mahalleh (Persian: كشيرمحله, also Romanized as Kashīr Maḩalleh) is a village in Khvosh Rud Rural District, Bandpey-ye Gharbi District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 325, in 87 families.
# Taht-e Manzar

Taht-e Manzar (Persian: تحت منظر, also Romanized as Taḩt-e Manz̧ar) is a village in Fazl Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 16 families.
# 26th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The 26th Infantry Division (German: 26. Infanterie-Division) was a pre-World War II German Infantry Division of the 1st mobilisation wave (1. Welle). It was mobilised for World War II on September 26, 1939, disbanded on September 10, 1944, near Radom and reformed as the 26th Volksgrenadier Division (26. Volksgrenadier-Division) on September 17, 1944, near Poznań by absorption of the new 582nd Volksgrenadier Division of the 32nd mobilisation wave (32. Welle). Remnants of the Division entered U.S. captivity in the Harz region in 1945.

## Commanding officers

* General der Infanterie Sigismund von Förster, 1 September 1939
* Generaloberst Walter Weiß, 15 January 1941
* General der Infanterie Friedrich Wiese, 15 April 1942
* Generalleutnant Johannes de Boer, 5 August 1943
* Generalmajor Heinz Kokott, 10 August 1944

## Operational history

The 26th Infantry Division spent the early war years on the Western Front, taking part in the Battle of France in May/June 1940, first under the command of the Sixteenth Army (16. Armee) and later the Twelfth Army. The division was transferred to the Eastern Front in June 1941 to serve under Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte). It participated in the Battle of Kursk in July 1943. After this action the 26th Infantry Division absorbed the 174th Reserve Division (174. Reserve-Division). The division was disbanded after casualties were sustained near Kowel on September 10, 1944; surviving troops were transferred to the 253rd Infantry Division (253. Infanterie-Division).
A new 26th Volksgrenadier Division was formed on September 17, 1944, in the Warthelager (now Biedrusko in west central Poland), near Poznań by absorption of the 582nd Volksgrenadier Division and remnants of the old 26th Infantry Division. This new division spent the rest of the war on the Western Front under Army Group B (Heeresgruppe B) until it entered U.S. captivity in the Harz in 1945.

## Organisation
### 1939

* Infanterie-Regiment 39, I-III Battalions
* Infanterie-Regiment 77, I-III Battalions
* Infanterie-Regiment 78, I-III Battalions
* Artillerie-Regiment 26, I-III Battalions plus the Ist Battalion of Artillerie-Regiment 62
* Aufklärungs-Abteilung 26
* Panzerjäger-Abteilung 26
* Pionier-Abteilung 26
* Infanterie-Divisions-Nachrichten-Abteilung 26
* Feldersatz-Bataillon 26

### 1944

* Füsilier Regiment 39, I and II Battalions
* Grenadier Regiment 77, I and II Battalions
* Füsilier Regiment 78, I and II Battalions
* Artillerie-Regiment 26, I-IV Battalions
* Divisions-Füsilier-Kompanie 26 (later expanded to Füsilier-Bataillon 26)
* Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 26
* Pionier-Abteilung 26
* Infanterie-Divisions-Nachrichten-Abteilung 26
* Feldersatz-Bataillon 26
# Deh Sefid-e Vosta

Deh Sefid-e Vosta (Persian: ده سفيدوسطي, also Romanized as Deh Sefīd-e Vosţá; also known as Deh Sefīd-e Moţahharī and Deh Sefīd Moţahharī) is a village in Zagheh Rural District, Zagheh District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 122, in 27 families.
# Charley Skedaddle

Charley Skedaddle is a children's fiction book by Patricia Beatty. The book was first released in 1987 through Troll Associates, later winning the 1988 Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction. Charley Skedaddle is based on true American Civil War records.

## Synopsis

The book follows Charley, a twelve-year-old boy who runs errands for the leader of the Bowery Boys. Then he decides to leave home after joining the Bowery Boys gang and causing trouble. All Charley wants is to be like his older brother Johnny, who was killed during the Battle of Gettysburg, so he leaves behind his gang life to join the 140th Regiment. He is initially eager to fight, but flees shortly after shooting a Rebel soldier. Ashamed, Charley keeps running and is captured by an enemy soldier but later flees again after gaining a chance to escape. He keeps running until he reaches the Blue Ridge Mountains, where he lives with Granny Bent, an elderly mountain woman who calls herself a "doctor-woman". Charley learns much from her and gains a new sense of maturity and self-respect. He is inevitably forced to flee again but with the knowledge that what he has gained from his time in the mountains will go with him.

## Reception

Reception for Charley Skedaddle was positive, with the book receiving the 1988 Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction.
The book is utilized in many classrooms, with teachers using it to help inform students about the American Civil War.
# Mariana Savka

Mariana Savka, also spelled Maryana Savka (born 21 February 1973 in Kopychyntsi) is a Ukrainian poet, children's writer, translator and a publisher. In 2003 she was awarded the Vasyl Stus Award.

## Early life and education

Mariana Savka was born on 21 February 1973 in Kopychyntsi. Her father, Orest Savka, was a theater director and an activist. Mariana holds a degree in Ukrainian studies from the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. During her studies, she co-created an all-female literary group ММЮННА ТУГА with Marianna Kiyanovska, Natalka Sniadanko and others. She also studied at the drama studio of the Les Kurbas Theatre in Lviv.

## Career

She worked as a researcher at the Stefanyk National Science Library which led to her publishing a work on Ukrainian emigrant press in the First Czechoslovak Republic. In the 1990s she also contributed to the literature section of the Postup daily. In 2001 she founded with her husband a publishing house called Vydavnytstvo Staroho Leva ("Old Lion’s Publishing House") which initially focused on children's and young adult literature, then expanded into literature for adults. She is the editor-in-chief of the company.
She debuted in 1995 with poetry book Оголені русла. Her works have appeared in various newspapers and magazines, such as Suchasnist`, Svitovyd, Kuryer Kryvbasu, Chetver, and the Ukrainian Quarterly, and have been featured in anthologies, including Метаморфози. Десять найкращих українських поетів останніх десятих років (Metamorphoses. Top Ten Ukrainian Poets of the Last Decade). Her works have been translated into seven languages including English, Russian and Polish. Apart from writing, Savka is also a composer and a singer in Maryanychi Trio, for which she has written over 30 songs. She also works as a translator.
Savka is s a member of PEN Ukraine and of the Council of the Center for the Study of Literature for Children and Youth. She serves as the United Nations Development Programme Tolerance Ambassador in Ukraine and is the vice-president of the Big Hedgehog literary prize: the first non-governmental literary award in Ukraine dedicated to honoring authors of books for children and youth.
In 1998, Savka won in the Fackel literature competition and in 2003 she was awarded the Vasyl Stus Award.

## Publications
### For children

* Чи є в бабуїна бабуся? (Does the Baboon Have a Grandma?), 2003
* Лапи і хвости (Paws and Tails), 2005
* Казка про Старого Лева (Fairy Tale about an Old Lion), 2011
* Босоніжки для стоніжки (Sandals for the Centipede), 2015
* На болоті (At the Swamp), 2015
* Тихі віршики на зиму (Silent Poems for Winter), 2015

### For adults

* Оголені русла (Bare Channels), 1995
* Малюнки на камені (Paintings on the Stone), 1998
* Гірка мандрагора (Bitter Mandrake), 2002
* Кохання і війна (Love and War), 2002
* Квіти цмину (Strawflowers), 2006
* Бостон-джаз: візії та вірші (Boston-Jazz: Visions and Poems), 2008
* Тінь риби (Shadow of Fish), 2010
* Пора плодів і квітів (Time of Fruit and Flowers), 2013
* Листи з Литви / Листи зі Львова (Letters from Lithuania / Letters from Lviv), 2016
* Колисанки і дрімливі вірші (Lullabies and Somnolent Poems), 2017
# Kumeyaay Park

Kumeyaay Park of Chula Vista (formerly Discovery Park) is a 20.4-acre (0.083 km$^2$) park in Chula Vista, California.

## History

In 2018, the park was the center of a scandal involving an alleged middle school fight club, with students from nearby Bonita Vista Middle School reportedly organizing fights and uploading videos to Instagram.
A statue of Christopher Columbus in the park was vandalized in February, 2019, with red paint splattered on it and graffiti. A bronze plaque previously attached to the statue had been stolen. The statue was put in storage in June 2022 in anticipation of a George Floyd protest. On May 25, 2021, the city voted to permanently remove it.
On November 1, 2022, the Chula Vista City Council unanimously voted to rename it "Kumeyaay Park of Chula Vista", after the Kumeyaay Nation whose unceded territory it sits in.
# Europa (video game)

Europa is an action-adventure indie game developed by Novadust Entertainment and published by Future Friends Games. The game was released for Windows and Nintendo Switch on October 11, 2024.

## Gameplay

Europa is a third-person action-adventure game. The game features 3D platforming mechanics and puzzle solving. It includes free-flowing movement and allows players to go higher and reach further distances on the map by upgrading a jetpack.

## Development

Europa has been in development since 2017. It is identified as a "passion project" for the studio by creative director Helder Pinto. Europa was announced on December 8, 2022, at the Wholesome Snack: The Game Awards Edition. The game's reveal trailer was shown during the event, which showcased the game's premise, setting, and art style. The game had a demo trailer at the Future Games Show at Gamescom 2023, where it revealed more gameplay features and locations. The game was originally planned to be released in 2023, but was delayed to 2024, due to development challenges.

## Reception

Aggregate scores :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | (PC) 77/100 |
| OpenCritic | 62% |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Destructoid | 8/10 |
| Eurogamer | 4/5 |
| PC Gamer (US) | 65/100 |
| Shacknews | 7/10 |
Europa received "generally favorable" reviews from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic, and 62% of critics recommended the game, according to OpenCritic.
# David Raju Palaparthi

Palaparthi David Raju (7 May 1958 – 25 August 2024) was an Indian politician who was an elected member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, representing Yerragondapalem constituency. Previously, he was elected as member from Santhanuthalapadu constituency.

## Early life

Palaparthi was born in Mattigunta Village of Naguluppala Padu Mandal of Prakasam district on 7 May 1958. He graduated with a Master of Arts and L.L.B. from Andhra University.

## Political career

His political career was started in the year 1987 as party member in Telugu Desam Party. Later, he rose to Member of Mandal Praja Parishad. After that, he was elected as Chairman to Zilla Praja Parishad. In 1999, for the first time; he was elected as Member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Santhanuthalapadu constituency from Telugu Desam Party. Later, he joined YSR Congress Party in 2010. In 2014, he was elected as Member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Yerragondapalem constituency from YSR Congress Party. He shifted to Telugu Desam Party in 2016.
Elections in Political Career :
| Year | Constituency | Party | Result |
| 1999 | Santhanuthalapadu | TDP | Won |
| 2009 | Yerragondapalem | TDP | Loss |
| 2014 | Yerragondapalem | YSRCP | Won |

## Death

Palaparthi died from kidney disease on 25 August 2024, at the age of 66.
# Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5

The human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M$_5$, encoded by the CHRM5 gene, is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins. It is coupled to G$_q$ protein. Binding of the endogenous ligand acetylcholine to the M$_5$ receptor triggers a number of cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degradation, and potassium channel modulation. Muscarinic receptors mediate many of the effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The clinical implications of this receptor have not been fully explored; however, stimulation of this receptor is known to effectively decrease cyclic AMP levels and downregulate the activity of protein kinase A (PKA).

## Ligands

No highly selective agonists or antagonists for the M$_5$ receptor have been discovered as of 2018, but several non-selective muscarinic agonists and antagonists have significant affinity for M$_5$.
The lack of selective M5 receptor ligands is one of the main reasons that the medical community has such a limited understanding of the M5 receptors effects as the possibility that any and/or all effects of non-selective ligands may be due to interactions with other receptors can not be ruled out. Some data may be obtained by observing which effects are common among semi-selective ligands (ex. a ligand of M1 and M5, a ligand of M2 and M5, and a ligand of M3 and M5), but until both a selective agonist and a selective antagonist of the M5 receptor are developed this data must be considered merely theoretical.

### Agonists

* Acetylcholine
* Bethanechol
* Methacholine
* Milameline ((E)-1,2,5,6-Tetrahydro-1-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde-O-methyloxime, CAS# 139886-32-1)
* Pilocarpine

### Positive allosteric modulators

* ML-380
* ML-326
* VU-0238429: EC$_{50}$ = 1.16 μM; >30-fold selectivity versus M1 and M3, inactive at M2 and M4.

### Negative allosteric modulators

* ML375
* VU6008667

### Antagonists

* VU-0488130 (ML381)
* Xanomeline
* Diphenhydramine
* Doxylamine
# Jannat Ki Talash

Jannat Ki Talash is a 1999 Pakistani film which won the Nigar Award for Best Film of the Year for 1999.

## Plot summary

Jannat Ki Talash is set in around the year 1947, when Pakistan was newly formed and revolves around Salma (Resham). Salma and Faraz (Shaan) had been in love before the creation of Pakistan and were fiancees. While Faraz lived in Lahore, Salma lived on the Indian side and frequently met each other. Although when the creation of Pakistan was announced, high proportionate of people where displaced and killed. Salma was presumed dead. It had been three years since her presumed death and Faraz's mother encourages Faraz to marry his cousin Afsana (Sana), which he disapproved but later unwillingly accepts. However Salma returns to Pakistan, upon learning this Faraz hurries to the police station to collect her. There she is lifeless, pale and does not say a word. She is described by Faraz's aunt as a 'living corpse' not saying anything instead feeling powerless and depressed. Faraz feels despondent that the women he once loved has turned into someone else. She does not speak until a turn of events take place and she is forced to defend herself in court. There Faraz forces her to talk of what happened to her in India and to defend herself. She finally speaks and talks of her experience.

## Cast

* Resham as Salma
* Shaan as Faraz
* Sana as Afsana
* Saud as Tara Singh
* Khushboo
* Abid Ali
* Shafqat Cheema
* Mustafa Qureshi
* Afshan Qureshi

## Awards

| Year | Award | Film | Winner | Result |
| 1999 | Nigar Awards Best Film | Jannat Ki Talash | .. | Won |
| 1999 | Nigar Awards Best director | Jannat Ki Talash | Hassan Askari | Won |
| 1999 | Nigar Awards Best Writer | Jannat Ki Talash | Naveed Pervaiz | Won |
| 1999 | Nigar Awards Best actor | Jannat Ki Talash | Shaan | Won |
| 1999 | Nigar Awards Best actress | Jannat Ki Talash | Resham | Won |
| 1999 | Nigar Awards Best supporting actress | Jannat Ki Talash | Sana | Won |
| 1999 | Nigar Awards lyricist | Jannat Ki Talash | Ahmed Faraz | Won |
| 1999 | Nigar Awards Best playback female singer | Jannat Ki Talash | Mehnaz | Won |
| 1999 | Nigar Awards Best playback male singer | Jannat Ki Talash | Asif Mehdi | Won |