OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chalabeh-ye Sofla

Chalabeh-ye Sofla (Persian: چالابه سفلي, also Romanized as Chālābeh-ye Soflá; also known as Chālāb-e Soflá and Godār) is a village in Mahidasht Rural District, Mahidasht District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 185, in 45 families.
# Α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid

α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, also written as alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and abbreviated CHCA or HCCA, is a cinnamic acid derivative and is a member of the phenylpropanoid family. The carboxylate form is α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate.

## Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid is used as a matrix for peptides and nucleotides in MALDI mass spectrometry analyses.
# IKS magazine

IKS (InformCourier-Svyaz) (Russian: ИнформКурьер-Связь, ИКС) is a Russian business monthly magazine devoted to telecommunications, mass media and information technology in Russia and CIS countries.

## History and profile

It was established in 1992 as a bulletin InformCourier. Among its founders are major Russian telecom businesses, such as Giprosvyaz, Intersputnik, and Rostelekom. The magazine is headquartered in Moscow.
In 1999 a closed joint stock company, IKS-Holding was formed to handle the publishing of the magazine. Today the magazine is only part of the company's business
IKS magazine is issued both in printed and online versions.
# Mose Humphrey

Mose Humphrey was a member of Fire Company 40 in New York City in the 19th century, and the inspiration for the folk hero character "Mose the Fireboy".
The character of Mose first appeared on Broadway in Benjamin A. Baker's A Glance at New York, in 1848. Mose was featured in several stage shows and penny novels in the mid-19th century. The character was most identified with actor Frank Chanfrau.
The Fireboy character was said to have a height of 8 ft (2.4 m) and hands as big as Virginia hams, able to lift trolley cars over his head and rescue babies inside a stovepipe hat, as his own beaver hat was two foot across the brim. Certain stories recall Mose performing extraordinary deeds, such as swimming the Hudson River with two strokes, or tearing up mulberry and cherry trees to use as a bludgeon against the Plug Uglies, a gang that were at odds with New York Firemen Co. 49.
The real Mose was a parishioner of St. Andrew's Church.
# Diarylpropionitrile

Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), also known as 2,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile (2,3-BHPPN), is a synthetic, nonsteroidal, and highly selective agonist of ERβ (IC$_{50}$ = 15 nM) that is used widely in scientific research to study the function of this receptor. It is 70-fold more selective for ERβ over ERα, and has 100-fold lower affinity for GPER (GPR30) relative to estradiol. DPN produces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in animals via activation of the endogenous oxytocin system. First reported in 2001, DPN was the first selective ERβ agonist to be discovered, and was followed by prinaberel (ERB-041, WAY-202041), WAY-200070, and 8β-VE2 in 2004, ERB-196 (WAY-202196) in 2005, and certain phytoestrogens like liquiritigenin and nyasol (cis-hinokiresinol) since 2007.
DPN is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, (R)-DPN and (S)-DPN. Relative to (R)-DPN, (S)-DPN has between 3- and 7-fold higher affinity for ERβ and appears to have higher intrinsic activity in activating ERβ. However, both enantiomers have very high affinity, potency, selectivity for ERβ and efficaciously activate ERβ. In any case, it has been suggested that (S)-DPN might be the preferred enantiomer to use for scientific research.
# Ikuta Dam

Ikuta Dam (Japanese: 生田ダム) is a dam in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.
# Sonadia Island

Sonadia Island is a small island of about 9 km$^2$ (3.5 sq mi), off the Cox's Bazar coast of Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. Sonadia is located at Kutubjom Union in Maheshkhali Upazila, 15 km north-west of Cox's Bazar District Headquarters. It is located at latitude 21.28˝-21.33˝ and longitude 91.50˝-91.56˝. Sonadia Maheshkhali is separated from the main island by a canal.

## Biodiversity
### Turtles

Five species of sea turtle have been reported from the territorial waters of Bangladesh, but only olive ridley and green turtles nest on Sonadia Island. The illegal harvesting of turtle eggs, bycatch in offshore fisheries, and alterations of sand dunes and nesting beaches are the main threats to sea turtles in Bangladesh. Since 1980, the nesting populations of sea turtles have declined significantly due to severe exploitation of eggs and killing of adult turtles by fishing and other activities. Despite complete legal protection since 2010, sea turtles continue to face severe threats in Bangladesh, and many of the nesting rookeries remain poorly studied.

### Birds

The island has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports significant populations of wintering migratory waders, including great knots, spoon-billed sandpipers and spotted greenshanks.

## Threats

Sonadia is seen as a potential deepwater port lying on the Bay of Bengal that could serve the landlocked parts of India, Myanmar and China. Rail connections have yet to be built, and the question of gauge has yet to be resolved.
# Financial distress

Financial distress is a term in corporate finance used to indicate a condition when promises to creditors of a company are broken or honored with difficulty. If financial distress cannot be relieved, it can lead to bankruptcy. Financial distress is usually associated with some costs to the company; these are known as costs of financial distress.

## Cost

A common example of a cost of financial distress is bankruptcy costs. These direct costs include auditors' fees, legal fees, management fees and other payments. Cost of financial distress can occur even if bankruptcy is avoided (indirect costs).
Financial distress in companies requires management attention and might lead to reduced attention on the operations of the company.
Another source of indirect costs of financial distress are higher costs of capital as usually banks increase the interest rates if a state of financial distress occurs.

## Options for relieving financial distress

If high debt burden is the cause of financial distress, the company can undergo a debt restructuring. If operational issues are the reason for the distress, the company can negotiate a payment holiday with its creditors, while improving operational efficiency so as to be able to service its debt. If the latter improvements are insufficient, the company may engage in the more extensive turnaround management. See Valuation (finance) § Valuation of a suffering company for discussion.
# Sandro Silva (footballer)

Sandro Laurindo da Silva (born 29 April 1984 in Rio de Janeiro), known as Sandro Silva, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Career

On 10 February 2010, Botafogo reduce the time for sign the midfielder of Palmeiras, the player would arrive on loan until May 2011. However, in the summer 2010 he was snapped by Málaga CF for a transfer fee of €2.2 million.
During the next summer, he was loaned back to Brazil. This time to Internacional with an option to buy for €2 million after the season.

### Position

Silva played as a defensive midfielder, but could also play as a central midfielder or a right back.

## Honours
### Botafogo

* Campeonato Carioca: 2010

### Internacional

* Campeonato Gaúcho: 2012
# Technological Educational Institute of the Ionian Islands

The Technological Educational Institute of Ionian Islands (TEI ION; Greek: Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα (Τ.Ε.Ι.) Ιονίων Νήσων) was a fully self-governing higher-educational institute under state supervision, exercised by the Minister of National Education and Religious Affairs. The institute was based in Argostoli on the island of Kefalonia, with satellite campuses in Lixouri, Lefkada and Zakynthos. The Technological Educational Institute offered also postgraduate courses in collaboration with other universities in Greece and abroad. In 2018 the TEI of Ionian Islands merged into Ionian University.

## History

The Ionian Islands have a long tradition in education. The Ionian Academy was the first university of modern Greece. In 1908 Panayis Athanase Vagliano donated the Agricultural School of Argostoli and in 1915 the Vallianos Vocational School in Lixouri. In 2003 these two schools and some others in the Ionian Islands were unified to the new TEI of the Ionian Islands.

## Schools and departments

The university comprises four Schools and six Departments.
| Schools | Departments |
| School of Technological Applications | Department of Digital Media and Communication Department of Environmental Technology |
| School of Music Technology | Department of Sound and Musical Instruments Technology |
| School of Administration and Economics | Department of Business Administration |
| School of Agriculture Technology and Food and Nutrition Technology | Department of Food Technology |
The ATHENA Reform Plan restructured the institute's departments in 2013.
The language of instruction at the TEI of Ionian Islands is Greek. Therefore, a good knowledge of Greek is essential for regular students. However, special arrangements are made for certain number of courses for Erasmus students who wish to follow regular courses. Additionally, a few courses are taught in English and there are plans for some more.

## Academic evaluation

In 2016 the external evaluation committee gave TEI of Ionian Islands a Positive evaluation.
An external evaluation of all academic departments in Greek universities was conducted by the Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency (HQA).
# Max Friediger

Max Friediger (9 April 1884 – 9 April 1947) was a Danish chief rabbi and a survivor of the Holocaust.

## Biography

After the occupation of Denmark by the Wehrmacht, Friediger and other high prominent Danish Jews were interned in 1943 in the open state prison at Horserød camp, and later deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp via Swinemünde where on 3 October 1943 he and other Danish Jews were spotted by Danish communists also being deported. Friediger led the church register of approx. 480 Danish Jews in a synagogue located in a storeroom within the camp and later published an account of life in Theresienstadt.
After his death in 1947, his successor as chief rabbi was Marcus Melchior.
# Heinrich Gross (rabbi)

Heinrich Gross, written also as Henri Gross (born Szenicz, Hungarian Kingdom, now Senica, Slovakia, 6 November 1835; died 1910), was a German rabbi. He was a pupil in rabbinical literature of Judah Aszod [he; yi].
After graduating from the Breslau seminary and from the University of Halle, where he received his Ph.D. in 1866; his thesis on Leibniz obtained the university prize, he was engaged as a private teacher by Baron Horace Günzburg at Paris. During a residence of two years in that city Gross, collected in the Bibliothèque Nationale the material for his work Gallia Judaica. In 1869, he went to Berlin, where he associated with Leopold Zunz, whose methods of research he admired and adopted. In 1870, he was called to the rabbinate of Gross-Strelitz, Silesia. From 1875 he was rabbi of Augsburg.
Gross's activity in the domain of literary history, especially of that of the French Jews of the Middle Ages, was extensive. His Gallia Judaica (Paris, 1897), which deals with the medieval geography and literary history of the Jews of France, became a standard work.
Gross also enriched Jewish scientific periodicals with valuable contributions. Of these the most noteworthy are:
* "Abraham ben David aus Posquières, ein Literarhistorischer Versuch," in "Monatsschrift," 1873-74
* "Zur Geschichte der Juden in Arles," ib. 1878, 1879, 1880
* "Eliezer ben Joel ha-Levi, ein Literarhistorischer Versuch," ib. 1885, 1886
* "Jehudah Sir Leon aus Paris: Analekten," in "Magazin," 1877, 1878, iv. 174, v. 179
* "Etude sur Simson ben Abraham de Sens," in "R. E. J." 1883.
Gross was also the author of "Lehrbuch der Israelitischen Religion für die Oberen Klassen der Mittelschulen."
# Simon Naschér

Sinai Simon Naschér (16 March 1841 – 25 July 1901) was a Hungarian Jewish religious leader and writer.

## Biography

Naschér was born to a rabbinic family in Liptó-Szent-Miklós, the son of Eva (née Simandel-Nicolauer) and Rabbi Moses Naschér. His paternal grandfather, Jonathan Nascher, served as rabbi of Bielitz, Austrian Silesia, while his maternal grandfather, Beer Simandel-Nicolauer, was a rabbi in Liptó-Szent-Miklós. Naschér was educated at the gymnasium in Baja as a student of József Kolmár [hu]. He later studied in Berlin, where he was ordained by the Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums and received his Ph.D. from the University.
From 1866 he was a rabbi and preacher in Berlin, and delivered sermons at the Orthodox Schochare Hattob Congregation synagogue on Neue Friedrichstraße [de]. He was, however, eventually forced to resign in 1880 on account of the deterioration of his mental health. From then on he lived in retirement at Baja.
# Solomon H. Sonneschein

S. H. Sonneschein, Solomon H. Sonnenschein (June 24, 1839 in Szent Marton, Turocz megye, Hungary – 1908) was a Hungarian-American rabbi.
He received his education at Boskowitz, Moravia, where he obtained his rabbinical diploma in 1863, and later studied at Hamburg and at the University of Jena (Ph.D. 1864). He was successively as rabbi of congregations at Varaždin, Prague, New York City, and St. Louis (Congregation Temple Israel). From 1905 he officiated at Temple B'nai Yeshurun, Des Moines, Iowa.
In 1864, he married Rosa Sonneschein who would go on to found the magazine American Jewess.
Sonneschein contributed for more than 40 years to numerous German and English periodicals.
# San Juan Hill

San Juan Hill is a series of hills to the east of Santiago, Cuba, running north to south. It is located in the province of Santiago de Cuba, in the southeastern part of the country, 800 km east of Havana, the capital of the country. San Juan Hill is located 633 meters above sea level.
The area is known as the San Juan Heights or in Spanish Alturas de San Juan before the Spanish–American War of 1898, and are now part of Lomas de San Juan.

## Overview

This area was the site of the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish–American War. The Americans named the lesser heights "Kettle Hill" and the higher southern hill "San Juan Hill" after the battle of July 2, 1898. The two high points or hills are connected by a draw or saddle on a north–south axis.
The fight for the San Juan Heights or Hills became known as the Battle of San Juan Hill due to a reporter's telegraphy error in which the plural "s" was dropped. American Army reports also referred to the heights as "hills".
# Zlato, srebro, dukati

Zlato, srebro, dukati (English: Gold, Silver, Ducats) is the nineteenth studio album by Bosnian Serb singer Mile Kitić. It was released in 2000 under the label Grand Production.
# Jallaucourt

Jallaucourt (French pronunciation:; German: Gellshofen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Joghghal-e Aviyeh

Joghghal-e Aviyeh (Persian: جغال عويه, also Romanized as Joghghāl-e ʿAvīyeh; also known as Jafār, Jafār-e Pā’īn, Jaffāl-e Pā’īn, and Joghghāl-e Soflá) is a village in Jaffal Rural District, in the Central District of Shadegan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 568, in 75 families.
# Faunis arcesilaus

Faunis arcesilaus, the Indian faun, is a butterfly found in South Asia that belongs to the Morphinae subfamily of the brush-footed butterfly family.
This butterfly may be conspecific with Faunis canens.

## Distribution

The Indian faun ranges from Sikkim to Assam and Myanmar.

## Description

The upperside of both the male and female is ochraceous, uniform in male. Apex of forewing and termen in forewings and hindwings in female slightly darker. Underside slightly ochraceous brown; subbasal and discal narrow dark fasciae crossing both forewing and hindwing, strongly curved on the latter; followed by a postdiscal line of minute yellow spots, six. on the forewing, seven on the hindwing, on the latter posteriorly abruptly curved; lastly, a sub terminal dark sinuous line. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen concolorous with the upperside of the wings.

## Status

In 1957, Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth described the species as being common.
# Kastaharni Ghat

Kastaharni Ghat is a ghat or bathing place on the River Ganges, at Munger in the Indian state of Bihar.

## History

In the sixth century CE, a Hindu sage named Mudgal Muni appeared in the city and established two shrines, one at a rock at Kashtaharini Ghat. In the 26th Adhyaya (chapter) of Adi Kanda of the Valmiki Ramayana, it is mentioned that both Lord Rama and his brother Lakshmana on their way back from the encounter with Taraka, the demoness, took rest at the spot. The relaxation they had given rise to the name of Kashtaharini Ghat. According to another account it was on his return journey from Mithila to Ayodhya after marrying Sita that Lord Rama bathed at this place to relieve himself from fatigue.
A copper plate known as the 'Munger Plate' was discovered in Munger in 1780. Mir Kasim conquered Munger and made it his capital till the army of the East India Company captured Munger.

## Religious significance

According to Hindu folklore, one who takes a dip in this ghat receives solace and cure from bodily pains. The name "Kastaharni Ghat" literally means "The bathing place which expels all pains". Its significance is enhanced by the northerly flow of the river at this point, which is termed Uttarvahini Ganga. The ghat premises is managed by Sri Jagannatha Temple Trust of Munger.
# NRK Stortinget

NRK Stortinget (NRK Parliament) was a Norwegian digital radio channel operated by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK).
Created in 2000 to increase the transparency of political debate by providing an insight into the work of the Norwegian legislature, the Storting, it broadcast live parliamentary debates and other proceedings via DAB and on-line as well as using a part of the FM network around the larger cities. The transmissions via DAB ceased in 2007, and the service was later withdrawn in its entirety.
# Jebel Ali Power and Desalination Plant

The Jebel Ali Power and Desalination Plant (Arabic: محطة جبل على‎) is a gas- and oil-powered CCGT plant combined with a desalination plant southwest of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.
The power plant complex, consisting of nine individual plants, extends over a length of more than three kilometers along the coast of the Persian Gulf between the port of Jebel Ali and the Jumeirah district. On the water side, the power plant is located between the artificial islands of Palm Jumeirah and Palm Jebel Ali, a good 40 km southwest of Dubai.
The facility, which is operated by Dubai's Electricity and Water Authority, covers most of Dubai's energy and water consumption. With an installed capacity of 8.6 gigawatts, it is the world's largest gas-fired power plant. Also the world's largest seawater desalination plant, it can desalinate 2.228 million m$^3$ of seawater per day, which corresponds to 490 million imperial gallons per day (MIGD).
The primary fuel used is natural gas or associated gas from oil production; diesel and heating oil are used as back-up. Since Dubai's own oil and gas production is insufficient, fuel is imported via pipelines from neighboring emirates (especially Abu Dhabi and Sharjah) and other countries bordering the Persian Gulf (especially Iran and Qatar).
With one exception, the seawater desalination plants work according to the multi-stage flash distillation process, i.e. they use the waste heat from the power plant. Only one system uses the reverse osmosis process.

## Future plans

Future plans include the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power to further reduce the plant's carbon footprint and reliance on fossil fuels.
# Tavakkol-e Karim Kola

Tavakkol-e Karim Kola (Persian: توكل كريم كلا, also Romanized as Tavakkol-e Karīm Kolā; also known as Tavakkol) is a village in Karipey Rural District, Lalehabad District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 98, in 21 families.
# Polje (Ljubljana)

Polje (pronounced; German: Mariafeld) is a former village in the western part of the City Municipality of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia.

## Name

Polje was attested in written sources in 1499 as ecclesiam beate Virginis Marie in Campo. The name of the village was changed from Devica Marija v Polju (literally, 'the Virgin Mary in the field') to Polje in 1952. The name was changed on the basis of the 1948 Law on Names of Settlements and Designations of Squares, Streets, and Buildings as part of efforts by Slovenia's postwar communist government to remove religious elements from toponyms. In the past the German name was Mariafeld.

## History

A school was established in Polje in 1862, when the first school building was also built. New school buildings were built in 1931 and 1957, and a music school was established in 1960. The Ljubljana airport was located in the western part of Polje until 1959; experimental flights were carried out at the airport as early as 1910. Polje was annexed by the City of Ljubljana in 1982, ending its existence as an independent settlement.

## Main sights

The parish church in Polje is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary. Construction of the church began in 1895, and it was consecrated in 1897. The church was designed by Raimund Jeblinger [de].

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Polje include:
* Kajetan Hueber (1810–1870), composer
* Zorka Regancin (a.k.a. Ruška, 1921–1944), communist, Partisan, and People's Hero of Yugoslavia
# Cheshmeh Kabud-e Sofla

Cheshmeh Kabud-e Sofla (Persian: چشمه كبودسفلي, also Romanized as Cheshmeh Kabūd-e Soflá) is a village in Jalalvand Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 56, in 7 families.
# Saidpur Lok Sabha constituency

Saidpur was a Lok Sabha constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Members of Parliament

| Year | Name | Party |
| 1952 | Ganpati Ram | Indian National Congress |
| 1952 | Vishram Prasad | Indian National Congress |
| 1957 | Ganpati Ram | Indian National Congress |
| 1962 | Ganpati Ram | Indian National Congress |
| 1967 | Shambhu Nath | Indian National Congress |
| 1971 | Shambhu Nath | Indian National Congress |
| 1977 | Ram Sagar | Janata Party |
| 1980 | Rajnath Sonkar Shastri | Janata Party (Secular) |
| 1984 | Ram Samujhavan | Indian National Congress (I) |
| 1989 | Ram Sagar | Janata Dal |
| 1991 | Rajnath Sonkar Shastri | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1996 | Vidyasagar Sonkar | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1998 | Bizay Sonkar Shastri | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1999 | Tufani Saroj | Samajwadi Party |
| 2004 | Tufani Saroj | Samajwadi Party |
| Constituency Demolished in 2008. |||