OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1951 in Luxembourg

The following lists events that happened during 1951 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

## Incumbents

| Position | Incumbent |
| Grand Duke | Charlotte |
| Prime Minister | Pierre Dupong |
| President of the Chamber of Deputies | Émile Reuter |
| President of the Council of State | Léon Kauffman |
| Mayor of Luxembourg City | Émile Hamilius |

## Events
### January – March

* 20 March – The United States is given right to use the land of the Luxembourg American Cemetery and Memorial at Hamm in perpetuity.
* Early February - Luxembourg troops arrive in South Korea as, alongside Belgian units, they form a platoon of Belgian United Nations Command during the Korean War.

### April – June

* 18 April – Luxembourg is one of six founder signatories of the Treaty of Paris, which establishes the European Coal and Steel Community.
* 25 April – Prince Jean is appointed to the Council of State, replacing Prince Felix.
* 29 May – Societe Electrique de l'Our is founded.
* 3 June – Elections are held to the Chamber of Deputies in the Centre and Nord constituencies. The Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) gains 4 seats, taking it to nineteen seats, just behind the Christian Social People's Party (CSV).

### July – September

* 3 July – After the LSAP's gains in the election on 3 June, the CSV replaces its coalition partner, the Democratic Party, with Victor Bodson as Deputy Prime Minister in the new government.
* 17 August – Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland, Carl Johan Bernadotte, and Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland are created Counts Bernadotte af Wisborg.
* 29 August – A law is passed making health insurance mandatory for employees and civil servants.
* September - First contingent of Luxembourg soldiers return from the Korean War.

### October – December

* 9–13 October - 6 Luxembourg soldiers fight at the Battle of Haktang-ni during the Korean War.
* 4 November – The Luxembourg national football team beats Finland 3-0: its last international victory for ten years.
* 26 November – Charles Léon Hammes is appointed to the Council of State.

## Births

* 24 February – Monique Melsen, singer
* 27 April – Viviane Reding, politician
* 26 May – Michel, 14th Prince of Ligne
* 3 August – Lucien Weiler, politician
* 20 September – Jhemp Hoscheit, writer
* 30 December – Paul Dahm, composer

## Deaths

* 13 July – Nik Welter, writer and politician

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Charlotte | grand duchess of Luxembourg | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
* ↑ Thewes (2006), p. 131
* 1 2 "Membres depuis 1857" (in French). Council of State. Archived from the original on 2009-11-03. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
* 1 2 Thewes (2006), p. 134
* ↑ Thewes (2006), p. 138
# Jim Kurose

Jim Kurose (born 1956) is a Distinguished University Professor in the College of Information and Computer Sciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
He was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, USA. He received his B.A. degree from Wesleyan University (physics) and, in 1984, his Ph.D. degree from Columbia University (computer science). Kurose's main area of teaching is computer networking. He is a coauthor of the well-known textbook Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach.
In 2020, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to the design and analysis of network protocols for multimedia communication.

## Career

Kurose became a faculty member of Computer Science in University of Massachusetts Amherst after he finished his doctoral degree in 1984. Kurose was a visiting scientist at the University Paris, Institut Eurecom, INRIA, Technicolor and IBM Research. He has been a member of the Scientific Council of Institute IMDEA Networks since 2007, and a member of the Board of Directors of the Computing Research Association.
Since January 2015, Dr. Kurose has been on leave from the University of Massachusetts, serving as the Assistant Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF) for Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE). He leads the CISE Directorate, with an annual budget of more than $900 million. Dr. Kurose also serves as co-chair of the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology, facilitating the coordination of networking and information technology research and development efforts across federal agencies.

## Awards

Dr. Kurose has received the following awards:
* IEEE fellow in the year 1997 for contributions to the design of real-time communication protocols.
* Taylor Booth Award of the IEEE in 2001
* IEEE Communications Society INFOCOM 2013 Achievement Award
* ACM Sigcomm Special Interest Group (SIG) Lifetime achievement award in 2016
# Do Tappeh

Do Tappeh (Persian: دوتپه) is a village in Miyan Darband Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 96, in 24 families.
# CD55 deficiency

CD55 deficiency, also called DAF deficiency or CHAPLE syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder of the immune system. CHAPLE stands for "CD55 deficiency with hyper-activation of complement, angiopathic thrombosis, and severe protein-losing enteropathy (PLE)." The disorder usually manifests in childhood and can be life-threatening. This condition was described by Özen, et al. in 2017.

## Signs and symptoms

CHAPLE is characterized by severe protein-losing enteropathy leading to hypoproteinemia. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, and edema. People also have chronic malabsorption, which causes deficiencies in iron, ferritin, calcium, magnesium, folate, vitamin D and vitamin B12. Some patients may have recurrent respiratory infections associated with hypogammaglobulinemia. Severe thrombotic vascular occlusions may also be found among these patients.

## Genetics

CHAPLE syndrome is caused by mutations of the complement regulator CD55 gene leading to a loss of protein expression.

### Inheritance

CHAPLE syndrome is primarily inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means that usually a child inherits a copy of the mutated gene from both parents, resulting in a homozygous defect.

## Pathophysiology

CHAPLE syndrome is characterized by complement-mediated autoimmune hemolysis and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. The protein CD55 (also called decay-accelerating factor) helps to regulate the complement cascade, part of the innate immune system, by regulating the amplification phase. When CD55 is absent, the complement system attacks red blood cells and causes them to be destroyed (hemolysis).

## Diagnosis

CHAPLE syndrome patients are generally diagnosed through a combination of clinical presentation, histology, and genetic testing. Although symptom presentation may vary, patients generally present with early-onset gastrointestinal symptoms, edema, malnutrition, hypoalbuminemia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. Histopathological assessment of intestinal biopsy samples or resections revealed extensive lymphangiectasia, and suggest a diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. Patients are also susceptible to large-vein thrombosis.

## Treatment

Once a diagnosis is made, the treatment is based on an individual's clinical condition. Kurolap and colleagues treated patients with off-label eculizumab, a humanized anti-C5 monoclonal antibody and complement inhibitor, and it was shown to have beneficial outcomes over an 18-month period. Investigators at Marmara University in Istanbul, Turkey, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the US National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland currently have clinical protocols to study new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Pozelimab is the first therapeutic approved for treatment of CHAPLE disease, receiving FDA approval Aug 2023.
# Sphenomorphus minutus

Sphenomorphus minutus is a species of skink found in Indonesia.
# HMS E22

HMS E22 was a British E-class submarine built by Vickers, Barrow-in-Furness. She was laid down on 27 August 1914 and was commissioned on 8 November 1915.

## Design

Like all post-E8 British E-class submarines, E22 had a displacement of 662 long tons (673 t) at the surface and 807 long tons (820 t) while submerged. She had a total length of 180 feet (55 m) and a beam of 22 feet 8.5 inches (6.922 m). She was powered by two 800 horsepower (600 kW) Vickers eight-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines and two 420 horsepower (310 kW) electric motors. The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) and a submerged speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). British E-class submarines had fuel capacities of 50 long tons (51 t) of diesel and ranges of 3,255 miles (5,238 km; 2,829 nmi) when travelling at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). E21 was capable of operating submerged for five hours when travelling at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph).
E22 was armed with five 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, two in the bow, one either side amidships, and one in the stern; a total of 10 torpedoes were carried.
E-Class submarines had wireless systems with 1 kilowatt (1.3 hp) power ratings; in some submarines, these were later upgraded to 3 kilowatts (4.0 hp) systems by removing a midship torpedo tube. Their maximum design depth was 100 feet (30 m) although in service some reached depths of below 200 feet (61 m). Some submarines contained Fessenden oscillator systems.

## Crew

Her complement was three officers and 28 men.

## Service history

E22 was involved in experiments in the North Sea to intercept Zeppelins on 24 April 1916. E22 carried two Sopwith Schneider seaplane scouts on her casing. The boat would then submerge in calm waters and the planes would float on the surface. They would then take off and then return to the East coast of England at Felixstowe. The trials were not repeated.
E22 was torpedoed by the German U-boat UB-18 off Great Yarmouth in the North Sea on 25 April 1916. There were two survivors, ERA F.S. Buckingham and Signalman William Harrod, taken prisoner by the U-boat.
# Mochlus mafianus

Mochlus mafianus, also known as the Mafia writhing skink, is a species of skink. It is found on Mafia and Kisuju Islands, off the coast of Tanzania. It inhabits coastal woodland and savanna.
# Franklin T. Lambert

Franklin T. Lambert (born April 17, 1943) is a professor of history at Purdue University, Indiana, United States. He received his PhD from Northwestern University, Illinois, in 1990 and has special interests in American Colonial and Revolutionary Era history. Before earning his PhD he was also a punter for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1965 to 1966.

## Football career

Lambert was an American football punter who played two seasons with the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He had played college football at the University of Mississippi for the Ole Miss Rebels.
# Remedy: A Live Album (album)

Remedy: A Live Album is the first and only live album to be released by American Christian rock band Remedy Drive. The album features live recordings of 13 previously released songs. The album includes one instrumental track, 'Starr Street'. The songs 'Picture on My Mind', 'Starr Street', and 'The Day' had not been released in any other albums. The album was released in 2003.

## Track Listing

All tracks are written by David Zach

## Personnel

* David Zach - lead vocals, keys, guitar
* Philip Zach - BGVs, bass
* Paul Zach - BGVs, guitar
* Daniel Zach - BGVs, drums
# Morethia butleri

Morethia butleri, also known commonly as Butler's Morethia and the woodland Morethia skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Australia.

## Etymology

The specific name, butleri is in honor of Australian naturalist William Henry "Harry" Butler.

## Geographic range

M. butleri is found in the Australian states of South Australia and Western Australia.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of M. butleri is shrubland.

## Reproduction

M. butleri is oviparous.
# Pseudemoia

Pseudemoia is a genus of skinks native to southeastern Australia. For similar skinks see genera Bassiana, Lampropholis, and Niveoscincus.

## Reproduction

At least in P. entrecasteauxii, P. pagenstecheri, and P. spenceri, a placenta-like structure is formed during pregnancy to pass nutrients to the developing offspring. Similar mammal-like adaptations also occur in the skink genera Chalcides, Eumecia, Mabuya, Niveoscincus, and Trachylepis.

## Species

Six species are recognized.
* Pseudemoia baudini (Greer, 1982) – Baudin's skink, Bight Coast skink
* Pseudemoia cryodroma Hutchinson & Donnellan, 1992 – alpine bog skink
* Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1839) – southern grass skink, tussock cool-skink, tussock skink, Entrecasteaux's skink
* Pseudemoia pagenstecheri (Lindholm, 1901) – southern grass tussock skink, southern tussock grass skink
* Pseudemoia rawlinsoni (Hutchinson & Donnellan, 1988) – Rawlinson's window-eyed skink
* Pseudemoia spenceri (Lucas & Frost, 1894) – trunk-climbing cool-skink
# Diet Coke Plus

Diet Coke Plus (also known as Coca-Cola Light Plus) was a formulation of Diet Coke fortified with vitamins and minerals. It is sweetened with a blend of aspartame and acesulfame potassium.
The drink was released in the United Kingdom in October 2007, available in two variants, one with vitamins B$_3$, B$_{12}$, and vitamin C, and the other containing antioxidants with added green tea and vitamin C. Although Diet Coke Plus Antioxidants is labeled as sugar free, it actually contains 0.1 grams of sugar in the green tea powder per 100ml.

## Warning letter

On December 10, 2008, the United States Food and Drug Administration wrote a Warning Letter to The Coca-Cola Company that Diet Coke Plus violates the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The term "plus" is a regulated term on food and beverages. A food may be labeled "plus" to describe its nutrients only if it contains at least 10% more of the Reference Daily Intake or Daily Reference Value compared to the usual amount. Because Diet Coke Plus labeling does not indicate the increased amount of nutrients, it cannot use the word "plus" on its label. Regardless, snack foods, such as carbonated soda, may never use the word "plus" because the FDA does not consider it appropriate to fortify snack foods. The FDA required The Coca-Cola Company to detail corrective action within 15 days.
The Coca-Cola Company issued a statement saying, "This does not involve any health or safety issues, and we believe the label on Diet Coke Plus complies with FDA's policies and regulations."
When a food manufacturer or marketer violates federal regulations, the FDA generally will send a letter to the company. While the letters themselves are not legally binding, the FDA may take the company to court if it does not take corrective action. The drink was discontinued in November 2011.
# Carol Toscano

Carol Toscano (born August 12, 1936) is an American operatic soprano who appeared frequently with a number of prominent American opera companies from 1962 to 1972. Afterwards she continued to perform in concerts and operas with less frequency. More recently she has appeared as a concert singer of works from the Great American Songbook. In her early career she won several prominent singing competitions.

## Life and career

Born and raised in the Philadelphia area, Toscano studied singing with Marinka Gurewich, Claire Gelda, and Floria Mari. In 1960 she won third prize in the Marian Anderson Singing Competition and first prize at the American Opera Auditions in Cincinnati which led to her opera debut in 1961 as Rosina in Rossini's The Barber of Seville at the Teatro Nuovo in Milan, Italy. In 1962 she won the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions. That same year she made her debut at Carnegie Hall as Alice in Rossini's Le comte Ory under conductor Thomas Schippers with the American Opera Society (AOS); also singing under Schippers that year as Elvira in L'italiana in Algeri at Avery Fisher Hall and at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia for the AOS.
In 1963 Toscano made her debut at the San Francisco Opera as Olympia in The Tales of Hoffmann. She returned their twice more during her career, again as Olympia in 1967 and as Gilda in Rigoletto in 1970. In 1964 she made her debut at the Lyric Opera of Chicago as Frasquita in Carmen. She appeared in several more productions with the company through 1966, playing such roles as the Celestial Voice in Aida, the first Genii in The Magic Flute, and the Naiad in Ariadne auf Naxos. In 1965 she portrayed Scollatella I in the United States premiere of Hans Werner Henze's König Hirsch at the Santa Fe Opera. She was also heard in Santa Fe that year as Fiakermilli in Arabella and Praskovya Osipovna in the United States premiere Shostakovich's The Nose.
In 1966 Toscano made her debut at the Houston Grand Opera as the First Lady to Beverly Sills' Queen of the Night in The Magic Flute. In 1967 she portrayed Ida in the United States premiere of Henze's Der junge Lord at the San Diego Opera. In 1972 she returned to Carnegie Hall to portray Jemmy in the Opera Orchestra of New York's concert performance of Gioachino Rossini's William Tell with Nicolai Gedda in the title role. In 1980 she portrayed Adina in The Elixir of Love at the Orrie de Nooyer Auditorium in Hackensack, New Jersey. In 1981 she portrayed Marzelline in Beethoven's Fidelio with the Maine Opera Association.
In 1992 Toscano was a featured soloist with The Golden Land Klezmcr Orchestra under conductor Zalmen Mlotek at Lincoln Center for the Yiddish Music Festival. In recent years she has performed in concerts of works from the Great American Songbook, including performances of the works of Rodgers and Hart with husband Robert Abelson at the Governor Henry Lippitt House in 2013.
# Chemistry of death

The chemistry of death can refer to:
* Post-mortem chemistry
* The Chemistry of Death, a 2006 novel by Simon Beckett
* The Chemistry of Death (TV series), a 2023 television series based on the novel
# Niendorf bei Berkenthin

Niendorf bei Berkenthin is a municipality in the district of Lauenburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

## History

Niendorf was founded near the mouth of the Stecknitz. The first Swedes settled here as early as 770 AD, and it has been inhabited continuously ever since. This makes Niendorf one of the oldest towns in Germany. During the Viking Age, the settlement on the Stecknitz was called Boasee, which comes from the namesake, Edgar Boase. Berkenthin, Göldenitz and Albsfelde could be reached by sea in a few days, which ensured flourishing trade and thus the continued existence of Niendorf.
# V16

V16 may refer to:

## Aircraft

* Fokker V.16, a German experimental aircraft
* Mil V-16, a Soviet helicopter
* McDonnell Douglas AV-16, a proposed ground-attack aircraft

## Other uses

* Cadillac V-16, an American car
* V16 engine, a sixteen-cylinder engine
* V16 warning beacon lights
* V16, a grade in bouldering
* V16, a family history of malignant neoplasm, in the ICD-9 V codes
* Nissan V16, the name adopted in Chile for the Nissan Sentra
# GSAT-8

GSAT-8 or INSAT-4G is communication satellite. It was constructed by the Indian Space Research Organisation, as part of INSAT system. GSAT-8 was launched on May 21, 2011, from Kourou, French Guiana. The rocket, an Ariane 5 was the carrier, marketed by the European Arianespace. First satellite to carry GAGAN payload followed up by GSAT-10 and in-orbit spare GSAT-15.

## Launch

Prior to launch, the spacecraft was transported from India to Cayenne – Rochambeau Airport in French Guiana by an Antonov An-124 cargo aircraft. The success of the launch is said to have made up for the previous loss of two satellites on the indigenous GSLV rocket. GSAT-8 was co-located with INSAT-3E at 55°E.
# Gujarat Kensville Challenge

The Gujarat Kensville Challenge was a golf tournament on the Challenge Tour and the Professional Golf Tour of India, played in India. It was held for the first time in January 2011 at Kensville Golf and Country Club in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, and was the season opening event on the tour. It was last played in 2013.
Gaganjeet Bhullar won the inaugural tournament to become the first Indian player to win on the Challenge Tour.

## Winners

| Year | Tours | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 2013 | CHA, PGTI | Shiv Kapur | 274 | −14 | 2 strokes | Andrew McArthur |
| 2012 | CHA, PGTI | Maximilian Kieffer | 281 | −7 | Playoff | Rahil Gangjee |
| 2011 | CHA, PGTI | Gaganjeet Bhullar | 283 | −5 | 1 stroke | Matt Ford |
# Urf Ghanta

Urf Ghanta is a 2021 Indian Hindi comedy film written and directed by Aayush Saxena, starring Mukesh S. Bhatt, Pamela Singh Bhutoria, Samridhi Chandola, Ram Naresh Diwakar, Rajendra Gupta, Mohan Kapur, Ravi Kishan, Sunita Rajwar, and Chitrashi Rawat.

## Plot

The movie begins when a bus driver sees a nude man. This nude man named Ghanta or Ghanteshwar is the protagonist.
Urf Ghanta is the story of a forty-year-old unmarried man who is looking for a wife. The Gods do not help Ghanta to achieve his goal though he is devout. His best friend Sudama tries to help him, but without success.

## Cast

* Jitu Shivhare as Ghanta
* Mukesh S. Bhatt
* Pamela Singh Bhutoria as Jagmeera
* Samridhi Chandola as Meenakshi
* Ram Naresh Diwakar as Sudama
* Rajendra Gupta as Doctor
* Mohan Kapur as Unknown Stranger
* Ravi Kishan as Shiva God
* Sunita Rajwar as Ghanta's chachi
* Chitrashi Rawat as Lollypop
* Himanshu Sharma as Guddan
* Vijay kumar Dogra as Piddi Chacha
* Anju Gaur as Mata
# Piel (TV series)

Piel (Skin) is a Venezuelan telenovela which starred Alba Roversi, José Luis Rodríguez, Eduardo Serrano and Astrid Gruber. It was produced and broadcast on Marte TV in 1992.

## Cast

* Alba Roversi (Camila)
* José Luis Rodríguez González (singer) (Vicente)
* Astrid Gruber (Octavia / Diana)
* Eduardo Serrano (Max)
* Manuel Salazar
* Juan Carlos Gardie
* Miguel Ferrari (Agustin)
* Mirtha Pérez
* Alma Inglianni
* Betty Ruth (Altagracia)
* Luis de Mozos
* Pedro Renteria
* Martin Lantigua (Clemente)
* Herminia Martinez
* Cosme Cortazar
* Yanis Chimaras
* Eric Noriega
* Yajaira Paredes
* Jenire Blanco
* Alberto Sunshine
* Beatriz Fuentes
* Javier Paredes
* Natalia Fuenmayor
* Joanna Benedek (Sandra)
* Roxanita Chacon
* Carlos D. Alvarado
* Rolando Padilla
* William Mujica
* Antonieta Colon
* Oscar Abad
* Mario Balmaceda
* Santos Camargo
* Mayra Africano
* Vilma Ramia
* Beatriz Valdes
* Nancy Toro
* Carla Daboin
* Antonio Cuevas
* Alfredo Sandoval
* José Antonio Carbonell
# Darreh Saki-ye Sofla

Darreh Saki-ye Sofla (Persian: دره ساكي سفلي, also Romanized as Darreh Sākī-ye Soflá) is a village in Dehpir-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 169, in 34 families.