OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hans Herr

Hans Herr (September 17, 1639 – October 11, 1725) was born in Zürich, Switzerland. While often cited as a descendant of the knight Hugo Herr, scholarship done in the 20th century has put this claim in doubt. He joined the Swiss Brethren (later called Mennonites) and became a bishop. He was the first Mennonite bishop to emigrate to America.
When religious persecution became unendurable in Switzerland, many of his congregation emigrated with him to the Electorate of the Palatinate in Germany, which was governed by a ruler who promised them protection and religious freedom. This was satisfactory until the Palatinate fell into the hands of other rulers, subjecting the Mennonites to severe religious persecution once again. When this occurred, a number of them visited William Penn in London, in 1707, and arranged terms with him to colonize a portion of what is now Lancaster County, near what was then the western frontier of Pennsylvania. In 1710, Hans Herr, John R. Bundely, Martin Meylin (Mylin), Martin Kendig, Jacob Miller, Hans Funk, Hans Graff, Martin Oberholtzer, Wendel Bowman and others bought 10,000 acres (40 km$^2$) of land on the south side of Pequea Creek. A warrant was issued for the land October 10, 1710, and it was surveyed October 23, 1710.
The tradition, which has never been disproven, is that these immigrants held a conference as to what steps should be taken to inform their relatives and friends in Europe of their opinions and expectations of their new lands, and it was determined that Hans Herr, their revered minister, should return, explain the situation and the great advantages of emigration, and bring with him those he could induce to come. He sailed to Europe and returned to America with many more immigrants, despite making the journey at 70 years old. He had six sons and one daughter by his wife Elizabeth Kendig. He died in West Lampeter Township on October 11, 1725.

## House and museum

The Hans Herr House, built by his son Christian Herr in 1719, is open to the public as a museum, and is the oldest Pennsylvania German settlement still in existence today. The house is located at 1849 Hans Herr Drive in Willow Street, Pennsylvania.
# Douglas Vieira

Douglas Vieira (born 17 June 1960 in Londrina) is a Brazilian judoka and Olympic medalist. Among his best sporting achievements is his silver medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
# Canariphantes

Canariphantes is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by J. Wunderlich in 1992. It might be a junior synonym of Lepthyphantes.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains thirteen species and one subspecies:
* Canariphantes acoreensis (Wunderlich, 1992) – Azores
* Canariphantes alpicola Wunderlich, 1992 (type) – Canary Is.
* Canariphantes atlassahariensis (Bosmans, 1991) – Algeria
* Canariphantes barrientosi Bosmans, 2019 – Spain (Balearic Is.)
* Canariphantes epigynatus Tanasevitch, 2013 – Israel
* Canariphantes junipericola Crespo & Bosmans, 2014 – Azores
* Canariphantes naili (Bosmans & Bouragba, 1992) – Algeria
* Canariphantes nanus (Kulczyński, 1898) – Central to eastern Europe, Israel
* Canariphantes palmaensis Wunderlich, 2011 – Canary Is.
* Canariphantes relictus Crespo & Bosmans, 2014 – Azores
* Canariphantes ritae (Bosmans, 1985) – Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia
* Canariphantes tenerrimus (Simon, 1929) – Portugal, Spain, France, Greece, Algeria, Morocco
* Canariphantes zonatus (Simon, 1884) – Portugal, France, Sardinia, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
** Canariphantes z. lucifugus (Simon, 1929) – France
# Freud (disambiguation)

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was the inventor of psychoanalysis, psychosexual stages, and the personality theory of Ego, Superego, and Id.
Freud or Freudian may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Freud: The Secret Passion, a 1962 film by John Huston and starring Montgomery Clift
* Freud (miniseries), a 1984 mini-series starring David Suchet
* Freudian (album), a 2017 album by Daniel Caesar
* Freud (TV series), a 2020 Netflix series starring Swiss actress Ella Rumpf

## People with the surname

* The Freud family:
** Jacob Freud (1815–1896), father of Sigmund
** Amalia Nathansohn Freud (1835–1930), mother of Sigmund
** Anna Freud (1895–1982), daughter of Sigmund, famous for contributions to child psychology and developmental psychology
** Ernst Ludwig Freud (1892–1970), architect, son of Sigmund
*** Lucian Freud, Ernst's son, painter
**** Esther Freud, Lucian's daughter, novelist
**** Bella Freud, Lucian's daughter, fashion designer
*** Clement Freud, Ernst's son, English politician, writer, chef and raconteur
**** Matthew Freud, Clement's son, publicist
**** Emma Freud, Clement's daughter, journalist
** Walter Freud (1921–2004), Sigmund's grandson, chemical engineer, member of Royal Pioneer Corps and British Special Operations Executive
*** David Freud, Baron Freud (b. 1950), Walter's son, journalist, businessman, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
* Selma Freud (1877–?), Austrian physicist

## Other

* Freud (crater), a lunar crater
* Freud, a chimpanzee in the Kasakela community
# Ugolnoye, Amur Oblast

Ugolnoye (Russian: Угольное) is a rural locality (a selo) in Raychikhinsk city urban okrug, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 41 as of 2018. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

The village is a satellite town of Raychikhinsk.
# Xiangshan County, Guangdong

Xiangshan County, also spelled Hsiangshan, Siangshan, Heungsan, and Heungshan, was a former county in Southern China. From 1912, it was a county in Guangdong Province, in the Republic of China. It was renamed Zhongshan (then usually romanized "Chungshan") in April 1925, in honor of the founder of the Republic of China, Sun Yat Sen, a Xiangshan native.
The county covered the modern-day Zhuhai City, Zhongshan City and a part of Nansha District of Guangzhou City in the Guangdong Province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), and the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, formerly known as Portuguese Macau until 1999.

## History

The county consists of the entirety of Xiangshan Island, an island in a bay where three rivers emptied into the sea, part of the Pearl River Delta. It was originally separated from the continent by the distributaries in the delta, until it became a peninsula some time during the 17th century, but remained separated from the mainland by waterways.
Around the 8th century (during the Tang dynasty), a Xiangshan Township was carved out of the Bao'an County and Dongguan County, at the present-day Shanchang (山場) of Zhuhai. Around the 12th century (during the Northern Song dynasty), this township became a separate county.
During the mid-16th century, in the Ming dynasty, the Portuguese settled in Macau. This was permitted by the Ming dynasty, but despite the Portuguese presence, Macau was still under the jurisdiction of Xiangshan.) Macau became a full Portuguese colony in 1847. This colony later expanded to include Ilha Verde, Taipa and Coloane.
In December 1952, Yumin County (漁民縣) was created out of islands from Hsiang-shan County, Pao-an County and Tung-kuan County. This county was renamed Chu-hai County (珠海縣) in April 1953, and was expanded. Chu-hai County was briefly merged with Hsiang-shan County in March 1959, and was reconstituted in April 1961.
From 1961 onwards, the territory of Chung-shan County was reduced by 43%, with areas ceded to the counties of Tou-men, Pan-yu, Shun-te and Hsin-huei. Its romanization was changed to Zhuhai following the introduction of the Pinyin orthography for romanizing Chinese characters.
In 1979, Zhuhai County (珠海县) became Zhuhai City (珠海市). In December 1983, Zhongshan County (中山县) became Zhongshan City (中山市). Originally a county-level city, Zhongshan was elevated to prefecture level in January 1988.
A 6.81-square kilometer special economic zone was established within Zhuhai City in August 1980. The special economic zone was expanded to 15.16 square kilometers in June 1983, and 121 square kilometers in April 1989. In May 1983, Doumen County (斗門县) became administrated under Zhuhai City.
# 2nd Army (Wehrmacht)

The 2nd Army (German: 2. Armee) was a field army of the German Army during World War II.

## History
### 1939–1941

The 2nd Army headquarters was briefly established in Berlin from Group Command 1 on 26 August 1939 and at the beginning of the Invasion of Poland it was renamed Army Group North on 2 September.
The 2nd Army was reestablished on 20 October 1939, with Generaloberst Maximilian von Weichs in command, by renaming the 8th Army, which had been moved from Poland to the west. After the beginning of the Battle of France the army was assigned to Army Group A in June 1940, when it fought across the Aisne and around Reims. In April 1941, the army was involved in the invasion of the Balkans, capturing Belgrade in a rapid offensive.

### 1941–1945

From 1941 until the end of the war the army was deployed in the Eastern Front, starting with the Operation Barbarossa as part of Army Group Centre. It advanced from Białystok to Mogilev, Gomel, Chernigov, Bryansk successively and defended against Soviet counterattack near Kursk. In 1942 the 2nd Army covered the northern wing of Case Blue operating in the surroundings of Voronezh under Army Group B. With Hans von Salmuth as the commander, it suffered a major defeat during the Voronezh-Kastornensk operation, the Soviet winter offensive that followed the battle of Stalingrad. On 4 February 1943 Walter Weiß replaced von Salmuth as commander.
General der Panzertruppe Dietrich von Saucken became commander of the army on 10 March 1945. The army was renamed Army East Prussia (AOK Ostpreußen) on 7 April and was pivotal in the defence of East and West Prussia before end of World War II in Europe on 9 May 1945.$^{:115–119}$$^{:20f.}$

### Commanders

| No. | Commander | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
| 1 | Bock, FedorGeneraloberst Fedor von Bock (1880–1945) | 26 August 1939 | 2 September 1939 | 7 days |
| 2 | Weichs, MaximilianGeneraloberst Maximilian von Weichs (1881–1954) | 20 October 1939 | 15 November 1941 | 2 years, 26 days |
| 3 | Schmidt, RudolfGeneral der Panzertruppe Rudolf Schmidt (1886–1957) | 15 November 1941 | 15 January 1942 | 61 days |
| (2) | Weichs, MaximilianGeneraloberst Maximilian von Weichs (1881–1954) | 15 January 1942 | 14 July 1942 | 180 days |
| 4 | Salmuth, HansGeneraloberst Hans von Salmuth (1888–1962) | 15 July 1942 | 3 February 1943 | 203 days |
| 5 | Weiß, WalterGeneraloberst Walter Weiß (1890–1967) | 4 February 1943 | 9 March 1945 | 2 years, 33 days |
| 6 | Saucken, DietrichGeneral der Panzertruppe Dietrich von Saucken (1892–1980) | 10 March 1945 | 7 April 1945 | 28 days |
# Søren Laland

Søren Gustav Laland (23 May 1922 – 3 July 1998) was a Norwegian biochemist.
He was born in Bergen. He finished his secondary education in 1941, took the mag.scient. degree in chemistry at the University of Oslo in 1947 and his PhD at the University of Birmingham in 1951. His thesis was called Studies in Deoxy Hexoses and Deoxypentosenucleic Acids.
From 1955 to his retirement he served as a professor of biochemistry at the University of Oslo. He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters since 1964. He was an honorary member of the Norwegian Biochemical Society.
He resided in Bærum, and died in July 1998.
# Erlon Silva

Erlon de Souza Silva (born 23 June 1991) is a Brazilian sprint canoeist who competes in the 1000 m doubles event (C-2). He placed tenth at the 2012 Olympics and won a silver medal at the 2016 Rio Games. He won two more silver medals at the 2011 and 2015 Pan American Games and became a world champion in 2015.

## Career

In 2014, de Souza Silva won a World Championship bronze medal in the men's C2 200 m with Isaquias Queiroz. A year later, that team won World Championship gold in the C2 1000 m.
This team also won a silver medal at the 2016 Olympics in the C2 1000 m.
At the following World Championships, the team were unable to defend their title, finishing in 4th place in the final. In 2018, Silva and Queiroz won World Championship gold again, this time in the C2 500 m.
In 2019, the team won World Championship bronze, this time at the C2 1000 m.
A hip injury prevented Silva from attending the 2020 Summer Olympics, forcing Jacky Godmann to take his place as Queiroz's partner.

## Personal life

Silva took up canoeing aged 14 in his native Ubatã, but later moved to Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. He is married to Rosangela.
# Haroldo Lara

Haroldo de Melo Lara (9 June 1934 – 4 January 2015) was an Olympic freestyle swimmer from Brazil, who participated in two Summer Olympics for his native country.
At the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, he swam the 100-metre and the 4×200-metre freestyle, not reaching the finals.
In September 1956, two weekends in a row, in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Haroldo Lara broke and repeated the Brazilian record of 100-metre freestyle, with a time of 57.8 seconds. That was an Aram Boghossian's record since 1948.
At the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, he swam the 100-metre freestyle, not reaching the finals.
Haroldo Lara was the greatest swimmer sprinter of Brazil in the second half of the 50s, until 1957, when he dropped the swimming, moved to Italy and became an opera singer. He broke 13 Brazilian records, and was a Brazilian and South American record holder from 1952 to 1956. He also carried the torch of the 2007 Pan American Games.
Haroldo Lara died on 6 January 2015, due to complications from a stroke.
# Sturges's rule

Sturges's rule is a method to choose the number of bins for a histogram. Given $n$ observations, Sturges's rule suggests using
    ${\hat {k}}=1+\log _{2}(n)$
bins in the histogram. This rule is widely employed in data analysis software including Python and R, where it is the default bin selection method.
Sturges's rule comes from the binomial distribution which is used as a discrete approximation to the normal distribution. If the function to be approximated $f$ is binomially distributed then
    $f(y)={\binom {m}{y}}p^{y}(1-p)^{m-y}$
where $m$ is the number of trials and $p$ is the probability of success and $y=0,1,\ldots ,m$. Choosing $p=1/2$ gives
    $f(y)={\binom {m}{y}}2^{-m}$
In this form we can consider $2^{-m}$ as the normalisation factor and Sturges's rule is saying that the sample should result in a histogram with bin counts given by the binomial coefficients. Since the total sample size is fixed to $n$ we must have
    $n=\sum _{y}{\binom {m}{y}}=2^{m}$
using the well-known formula for sums of the binomial coefficients. Solving this by taking logs of both sides gives $m=\log _{2}(n)$ and finally using $k=m+1$ (due to counting the 0 outcomes) gives Sturges's rule. In general Sturges's rule does not give an integer answer so the result is rounded up.

## Doane's formula

Doane proposed modifying Sturges's formula to add extra bins when the data is skewed. Using the method of moments estimator
    $g_{1}={\frac {m_{3}}{m_{2}^{3/2}}}={\frac {{\tfrac {1}{n}}\sum _{i=1}^{n}(x_{i}-{\overline {x}})^{3}}{\left[{\tfrac {1}{n}}\sum _{i=1}^{n}(x_{i}-{\overline {x}})^{2}\right]^{3/2}}},$
along with its variance
    $\sigma _{g_{1}}^{2}={\frac {6(n-2)}{(n+1)(n+3)}}$
Doane proposed adding $\log _{2}\left(1+{\frac {|g_{1}|}{\sigma _{g_{1}}}}\right)$ extra bins giving Doane's formula
    ${\hat {k}}=1+\log _{2}(n)+\log _{2}\left(1+{\frac {|g_{1}|}{\sigma _{g_{1}}}}\right)$
For symmetric distributions $|g_{1}|\simeq 0$ this is equivalent to Sturges's rule. For asymmetric distributions a number of additional bins will be used.

## Criticisms

Sturges's rule is not based on any sort of optimisation procedure, like the Freedman–Diaconis rule or Scott's rule. It is simply posited based on the approximation of a normal curve by a binomial distribution. Hyndman has pointed out that any multiple of the binomial coefficients would also converge to a normal distribution, so any number of bins could be obtained following the derivation above. Scott shows that Sturges's rule in general produces oversmoothed histograms i.e. too few bins, and advises against its use in favour of other rules such as Freedman-Diaconis or Scott's rule.
# Mollikerber Union

Mollikerber Union (Bengali: মল্লিকেরবেড় ইউনিয়ন) is a Union Parishad under Rampal Upazila of Bagerhat District in the division of Khulna, Bangladesh. It has an area of 65.96 km2 (25.47 sq mi) and a population of 13,370.
# C Scorpii

The Bayer designation c Scorpii is shared by two star systems in the constellation Scorpius:
* c$^1$ Scorpii (12 Scorpii)
* c$^2$ Scorpii (13 Scorpii)
# Four Aces

Four Aces may refer to:
* Four Aces or Tribe of the Four Aces, a soldier of The 82nd Airborne Division who has deployed with the Division and wears an 82nd patch on both arms of their uniform.
* Four Aces (passenger liners), a series of 1929–1931 American cruise ships, later converted to World War II military transport
* Four Aces (Wild Cards), a team of superheroes in the Wild Cards shared universe
* The Four Aces, an American male pop music quartet from 1950
* The Four Aces Club, a pioneering music venue in Dalston, London
* Four Aces (casino), a casino in South Dakota
* Four Aces (bridge), a 1930s American contract bridge team led by David Burnstine (later to become David Bruce)
* The Four Aces, a nickname for Peruvian Navy members Miguel Grau, Lizardo Montero, Aurelio García and Manuel Ferreyros.
* A variety of card trick involving the four aces.
* Timken 1111, a steam locomotive also called the "Timken Four Aces".
* 4 asa, a Croatian music group
# Volkshaus

The Volkshaus is a 1,200-seat concert hall located in Zürich, Switzerland. The building construction began in June 1909 and publicly opened the following year.
# CFGB-FM

CFGB-FM is a radio station broadcasting on 89.5 MHz (FM) from Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and is the local Radio One station of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, serving as that network's primary outlet in Labrador. A shortwave relay, CKZN rebroadcasts CFGB's signal to remote areas of Labrador.

## History

CFGB launched on February 23, 1953 on 1340 AM. It was originally operated by the Royal Canadian Air Force. It was taken over by the CBC on February 23, 1959 and became part of the CBC Northern Radio Service. The station received CBC news and topical programs by relaying the signal from CBA in Sackville, New Brunswick. Tapes recorded in Montreal were also flown in on regular airline flights. Eventually the station was linked into the primary CBC network feed.
In 1985, CFGB moved to 89.5 FM. The call sign then changed to CFGB-FM.

## Local programming

CFGB produces its own local morning show, Labrador Morning hosted by Janice Goudie. CBDQ-FM in Labrador City also contributes reports.
For the remainder of local programming blocks within the CBC Radio One schedule, CFGB broadcasts programming from CBN in St. John's.

## Transmitters

The callsign CBND was used by a former low-power AM rebroadcasting transmitter in Flower's Cove, which had operated at 790 kHz in 1972 to rebroadcast the programming of CBN. In 1968, CBND was approved to move from 600 kHz to 920 kHz according to the Canadian Communications Foundation's CBN website. Its unknown when CBND signed on in Flower's Cove and when it left the air, however, there's a CBND-FM currently operating at 105.1 MHz in Postville rebroadcasting CFGB-FM.
On October 16, 2013, the CRTC approved the CBC's application to convert CBNK 570 to 93.9 MHz, broadcasting with an average effective radiated power of 50 watts (non-directional antenna with an effective height of antenna above average terrain of 19.1 metres). After CBNK's move to FM, the call sign was changed to CFGB-FM-1.
On May 24, 2016, the CBC applied to convert CBNZ 740 to 95.1 MHz with 50 watts of power (average and maximum ERP). Antenna height will be -29.63 metres with a non-directional radiation pattern. The CRTC approved the CBC's application to move CBNZ to 95.1 FM on September 7, 2016.

### Shortwave relay

In 1989, a shortwave relay of CBN—St. John's with the call sign CKZN operating on 6.16 MHz (in the 49m band) was granted authority to rebroadcast CFGB part-time as well as CBN. The transmitter had previously relayed CBN and its predecessor VONF exclusively since 1939. In 1994, CKZN became a full-time rebroadcaster of CFGB. Transmitting with 1,000 watts, it could be heard over much of the North American continent and in Europe, particularly at night. CKZN has been silent since 2017 as a cost-saving measure by the CBC. However, the station has not been deleted and CKZN's license was renewed by the CRTC in 2022.
# Emicarlo Souza

Emicarlo Elias de Souza (born 26 October 1981) is a Brazilian athlete who runs in the T46 class. He has a degree in Administration Studies from Universidade Potiguar, and is married to Joana Claudione with one son. Souza is a single-arm amputee.
At the 2012 Summer Paralympic Games, Souza ran with the Brazilian team in the 4 × 100 m – T42–46 relay. The team finished in second place, but was disqualified for a technical error.
# Zlogosh Passage

Zlogosh Passage (Bulgarian: проток Злогош, ‘Protok Zlogosh’ \'pro-tok 'zlo-gosh\) is the 320 m wide passage in the Palmer Archipelago between Davis Island on the south and Chauveau Point, Liège Island on the north. It connects Bouquet Bay and Gerlache Strait, another connection between the two being Sumer Passage.
The passage is named after the settlement of Zlogosh in Western Bulgaria.

## Location

Zlogosh Passage is located at 64°05′12″S 62°03′20″W﻿ / ﻿64.08667°S 62.05556°W﻿ / -64.08667; -62.05556. British mapping in 1978.

## Maps

* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 62. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, UK, 1980.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.