OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chakchiuma

The Chakchiuma were a Native American tribe of the upper Yazoo River region of what is today the state of Mississippi.
In the late 17th century, French explorers identified the Chakchiuma as "a Chicacha nation," indicating that they were related to the Chickasaw and similar Western Muskogean speaking–tribes. They likely shared a common origin as the Chickasaw and Choctaw people and merged into the Chickasaw Nation in the mid-18th century.

## Name

According to Swanton, the name was originally Sa'ktcihuma "red crawfish," referring to the tribal totem. This name is cognate with the Choctaw shakchi humma "red crawfish". It has appeared in European language sources in a variety of ways, including as Sacchuma and Saquechuma in records of de Soto's travels, and as Choquichoumans by d'Iberville. Swanton argued that the name Houma derives from Chakchiuma.

## History

The first historical reference to the Chakchiuma is found when Hernando de Soto sent a contingent of troops against them while he was staying with the Chickasaw. In 1700, English colonists from the Province of Carolina convinced Quapaw warriors to attack the Chakchiuma to capture members of their tribe to sell into slavery in the Carolinas. The ensuing attack was unsuccessful. Historian Alan Gallay suggests the colonists turned to the Quapaw because their usual partners in the Indian slave trade, the Chickasaw, may have resisted attacking their own people.
The Chakchiuma participated on the French side in the Yazoo War. In about 1739 the Chakchiuma were involved in hostilities, primarily with the Chickasaw, that led to their destruction as an independent tribe and their being incorporated into the Chickasaw and Choctaw tribes. The Chickasaw and Choctaw had become so incensed that they not only killed all the Chakchiuma warriors but also every animal found in their villages. But the Chakchiuma were numerous enough to form their own clan (the Crawfish) within the Choctaw when they were incorporated into the latter group in the 1730s.

### Historical populations

Based on Bienville's claim that there were 400 families of the Chakchiuma in 1702, historians estimate they numbered around or above 2000 persons in total, given what is known of the size of their families. By 1704 their numbers had fallen to 80 families due to war. They likely had fewer than 500 people. Bienville recorded there were only 60 families by 1735. Phillippe de Rigaud de Vaudreuil, governor-general of New France wrote that they had been wiped out in warfare; however, Jerome Courtance, a white trader, wrote in 1757 survivors had settled in Chickasaw villages.
# Satoru Miyano

Satoru Miyano (宮野 悟, Miyano Satoru, born December 5, 1954) is a professor and the director of the M&D Data Science Center at Tokyo Medical and Dental University. He was awarded fellowship of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) in 2013 for outstanding contributions to the fields of computational biology and bioinformatics.

## Career

In 1977 Miyano graduated from the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University. He also got his master's degree in 1979 and became an assistant professor at Kyushu University. In 1985 he also received his PhD with hierarchy theorems in automata theory. In 1987 Miyano became an associate professor at the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University. In 1993 he became a professor at the aforementioned university.
In 1996 he became a professor at the Human Genome Center at the University of Tokyo. From 2000 to 2005, excluding a year from March 2003, Miyano was the vice director of the Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo.
In July 2013 he became the first Japanese person to be elected an ISCB fellow.
Starting June 2015, he served as the president of the Kanagawa Cancer Center, and was the first president without a doctor's license. He worked to advance cancer immunotherapy and strengthen genetic research but resigned in February 2018 due to the confusion related to the retirement of radiation oncologists at the center.
In April 2020, Miyano became the director of the M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, and a specially appointed professor at the same university.

## Awards

In 1994 Miyano received Japan IBM Science Award. He also received the Sakai Special Commemorative Award in 1994.
In 2016 Miyano received the Uehara Prize.
# Mercury iodide

Mercury iodide may refer to the following chemical compounds:
* Mercury(I) iodide, Hg$_2$I$_2$
* Mercury(II) iodide, HgI$_2$
# Communauté d'agglomération des Sorgues du Comtat

Communauté d'agglomération des Sorgues du Comtat is a communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure in the Vaucluse department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, southeastern France. Created in 2001, its seat is in Monteux. Its name refers to the branches of the river Sorgue and the Comtat Venaissin. Its area is 154.7 km$^2$. Its population was 50,165 in 2019.

## Composition

The communauté d'agglomération consists of the following 5 communes:
* Althen-des-Paluds
* Bédarrides
* Monteux
* Pernes-les-Fontaines
* Sorgues
# Saint Thomas More Academy Philippines

St. Thomas More Academy is a private pre-school, elementary and high-school in Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines.

## History

STMA was formerly known as St. Thomas More School. It used to be located at Avenida St. Bahayang Pag-asa Subdivision, and Jacinto that is now the Jetti Gas Station. The school burned down and transferred the building near Iglesia ni Cristo church.
The academy was founded in 1990 and has four branches in the Philippines. These are Main, the only branch that offers high-school enrollees, Annex both of which are located at Bacoor, Cavite, Tanza which is located at Tanza, Cavite and the newly opened branch outside the Cavite province, Las Piñas, located at Las Piñas, Metro Manila, there is also another annex located in Molino IV in the Maryhomes subdivision, which offers Nursery 2 up to Grade 6. STMA Main also offers Special Education.
# Andricus curvator

Andricus curvator is a gall wasp which forms chemically induced leaf galls on oak trees and has both agamic and sexual generations. Agamic and sexual generations usually form two distinct galls on oak trees, but in the case of A. curvator there are six galls; the sexual generation usually on the leaf, occasionally in a twig or catkin, and the agamic generation in a bud. The wasp was first described by Theodor Hartig, a German biologist, in 1840 and is found in most of Europe.

## Life cycle

Adult gall wasps emerge in the spring, from galls formed on the bud the previous year. The spring generation lay eggs usually on a leaf, occasionally on a twig or on catkins and the leaf galls appear soon after the leaves emerge. They are approximately 8 mm, roughly globular and have thin walls with a small inner gall. They often coalesce and can clustered near the leaf base where they can cause distortion. Galls on a twig cause the twig to bend and it can also occur at the tip. These galls have an interior cavity which can be spherical or oval. A fourth sexual gall can also develop on the base of a catkin stalk and is up to 5 mm diameter. What remains of the catkin is bent 90° and can still be seen at the tip. The female wasp develop within the gall and emerge in May or June, laying her eggs on a young bud.
Sometimes known as a collared gall the asexual gall is often concealed among the bud scales, and at first, are difficult to find. The scales may fall away, exposing a 3 mm, smooth, brown, skittle-shaped gall with a nipple-like tip, usually surrounded by a pale ring. In old galls the ring may not be seen. The wasp overwinters in the gall.
The galls have been found on Algerian oak (Quercus canariensis), Turkey oak (Quercus cerris), Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea), Spanish oak (Quercus × hispanica), sessile oak (Quercus petraea), downy oak (Quercus pubescens), Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur).
| Location of gall | Sexual/asexual | Description |
| Leaf | sexual | Approximately 8 mm, roughly globular and have thin walls with a small inner gall. They often coalesce and can clustered near the leaf base where they can cause distortion. |
| Petiole | sexual | |
| Twig | sexual | Causes the twig to bend |
| End of twig | sexual | |
| Catkin | sexual | Up to 5 mm in diameter. The remains of the catkin is bent 90° and can still be seen at the tip. |
| Bud | asexual | Often concealed among the bud scales, and at first, difficult to find. The scales may fall away, exposing a 3 mm, smooth, brown, skittle-shaped gall with a nipple-like tip, usually surrounded by a pale ring. In old galls the ring may not be seen. The wasps overwinter in this gall. |

## Distribution

The gall is found from Ireland to Ukraine and from Fennoscandia to the Mediterranean.
# Mohamed Bahaa Eldin

Mohamed Bahaa Eldin is an Egyptian civil engineer and politician who served as minister of water and irrigation from 2 August 2012 to July 2013 as part of the Qandil cabinet.

## Early life and education

Eldin was born on 26 July 1947. He received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Ain Shams University in 1970. He holds a master's degree, which he obtained from the University of Southampton in 1980, and a PhD in civil engineering that he earned from the same university in 1986.

## Career

Eldin worked at the ministry of water resources and irrigationas throughout his career. He started his career as secretary general of the national water research center in 1992 and served there until 1994. From 1995 to 2001, he worked as the director of the hydraulics research institute. Then he was named as the head of the planning sector, and served for one year from 2001 to 2002. In 2007, he was appointed the general coordinator of the national plan for water resources and irrigation project. Next he served at different units of the ministry until 2011. Lastly, he was named deputy minister of water resources and irrigationas. On 2 August 2012, he was appointed minister of water resources and irrigations. He is an independent member of the cabinet led by prime minister Hisham Qandil, whom he succeeded as minister. Eldin's and the Qandil cabinet's term ended in July 2013. Eldin was replaced by Ayman Abu Hadid in the post.

## Personal life

Eldin is married and has children.
# Harvey Caplin

Harvey Caplin (July 21, 1915 – November 14, 1984) was an American freelance photographer of Albuquerque, New Mexico. His work spanned the American Southwest, but centered primarily on images of scenic and historical significance within the state of New Mexico. He documented the working life of cowboys on Bell Ranch, the lives of Native Americans, and landmarks.

## Personal life and education

Harvey Harold Caplin was born on July 21, 1915, in Rochester, New York to Yetta and David Chaplin. His father was an immigrant from Germany. He had a brother Albert and a sister Inez. Caplin was raised in Rochester. He graduated with an applied arts degree from Rochester Institute of Technology.
Caplin married Grace Morton of Elmira, New York on May 30, 1940, and lived in Rochester after their marriage. They had a daughter and son, Abbie and Lee.
During World War II, he served the United States Army Air Forces and was stationed in Albuquerque, New Mexico at the Kirtland Air Force Base. He was a damage photographer. Caplin settled in Albuquerque in 1945. He died on November 14, 1984, in Albuquerque.

## Career

In 1940, Caplin worked at the Rochester Lithographic Company. Caplin began taking pictures of the Southwestern United States, particularly in New Mexico, in the 1940s. His interests included landscapes of Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. In 1944, he was hired by the New Mexico Tourist Bureau to capture color images of scenic and historical significance for promotional and tourist materials. The Saturday Evening Post hired him to capture a series of landscape photos. The "River of Aspens" came out of that effort. A United States commemorative postage stamp depicts Caplin's photograph of Shiprock to memorialize the 50th year of New Mexico's statehood. He taught photography.
Many of his images were taken at Bell Ranch, sometimes on horseback and alongside working cowboys. He photographed Puebloan people — like Maria Martinez, a notable potter from San Ildefonso Pueblo — and Navajo and Zuni Native Americans. He was hired by the Bureau of Indian Affairs to preserve information about their ways of life, such as their ceremonial practices.
Caplin had a studio in Old Town Albuquerque. His works have been published in Life, Time, New Mexico Magazine, Field & Stream, and other magazines. Caplin was a founding member of a professional photographers' organization in 1948. He cataloged 55,000 photographs that he made up to the year of his death.

## Publication

* Caplin, Harvey (1973). Enchanted Land, New Mexico. Bank Securities, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-910750-28-8.
* Fitzpatrick, George; Caplin, Harvey (1976), Albuquerque: 100 years in pictures, 1875-1975 (2nd ed.), Albuquerque, N.M: Modern Press, ISBN 091075036X
Posthumous books
* Caplin, Harvey; Caplin, Abbie (2010). Harvey Caplin's Real Cowboys & the Old West. Schiffer Pub. ISBN 978-0-7643-3434-4.
* Johns, Douglas C. (2019). Harvey Caplin's Photographic Archive of the Southwest: An Archive of 50,000 Graphic Documents Illustrating the Dynamic Growth and Transformation of a Region in the Four Decades Following World War II. Douglas Johns.
# Mrs. Sen

Mrs. Sen is a 2013 Bengali film directed by Agnidev Chatterjee and produced by Pankaj Agarwal. It features actors Rituparna Sengupta and Rohit Roy in the lead roles. Indradeep Dasgupta composed the music for the film. The film was released on 6 June 2013.

## Plot

The film begins with the scenic beauty of the Himalayas, and in the backdrop Anuradha (Rituparna Sengupta) was reading out letters to her never-to-be-born child. Then, a sudden telephone ring breaks the silence of an early December morning. Anuradha received the call and is stupefied upon hearing the voice from the other side of the telephone, which stated that her husband, Somnath (Rohit Roy) had been the victim of a deadly accident in Thailand and was currently in coma stage. Anuradha realised that she has to catch the very next flight as soon as possible and get to her husband, who was admitted to a hospital.
Anuradha and Somnath were married for seven years, and were leading a happy life without any problems. Anuradha, who was desiring to be a mother, was told by her husband that due to some problems, he could not impregnate her. Somnath was able to settle disputes with Anuradha after a long try. Anuradha, who passed from a Bengali Medium school, had never been abroad. She had just received a passport to go to Dubai with her husband, the next January.
As Anuradha reaches Thailand, she comes across the fact that her husband has a wife and a child there. In fact, Somnath's other wife, Sohini (Hrishita Bhatt), was also in the car during the accident. But even before she can think and determine anything, she was given the task of looking after Somnath's 8-year-old boy and Sohini's brother (Subhasish Mukhopadhyay). Anuradha is perplexed as she couldn't decide whether to love or hate the innocent child. Later, when Sohini becomes conscious again, she too comes across the fact behind Anuradha's existence. She didn't want to believe the fact at once, but later, she faces the truth. On the other hand, Anuradha gets into a dilemma about whom to hate- her husband, for cheating her, or Sohini. Sohini is soon released from the hospital, though she was not totally recovered. A peculiar situation prevailed over the Sen family, where Sohini and Anuradha tried their best to make their place in the family. After a few days, the news of Somnath's death in the hospital reaches the two women. The events which occur next after the only connection between the two women was gone, form the climax of the story.

## Cast

* Rituparna Sengupta as Anuradha
* Rohit Roy as Somnath
* Hrishita Bhatt as Sohini
* Priyangshu Chowdhury as Rishabh
* Shankar Chakraborty as Anuradha's brother
* Biplab Chatterjee as Somnath's father
* Anusuya Majumdar as Somnath's mother
* Subhasish Mukhopadhyay as Sohini's brother
* Rupsa Guha as Indian Embassy Employee
* Pulokita Ghosh as Indian Embassy Employee
* Ushasie Chakraborty in a cameo appearance

## Soundtrack

Soundtrack of Mrs. Sen has been composed by Indraadip Dasgupta. Lyrics are penned by Indraadip Dasgupta and Srijato. The track-list includes three Rabindra Sangeets.
# Lupeol synthase

Lupeol synthase (EC 5.4.99.41, LUPI, BPW, RcLUS) is an enzyme with systematic name (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene mutase (cyclizing, lupeol-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene $\rightleftharpoons$ lupeol
Also forms some beta-amyrin.
# Violet (Seal song)

"Violet" is a song by English singer-songwriter Seal, released on 17 February 1992 as the fifth and final single from his debut studio album, Seal (1991)—although the version on the single is actually an acoustic, live version, recorded (among five other tracks from the album) for inclusion on the video version of the album. The acoustic version is a simple arrangement, half the length of the original version.
The video, also titled Seal, opens with the six-track live segment (which was also released as a promo CD The Acoustic Session in the US) and is followed by promo video clips of the first four singles taken from the album.
The random dialogue that appears in the song is from the 1987 movie The Sicilian which Seal watched and became inspired by, and was the reason why this song was written.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Violet" :
| Chart (1992) | Peak position |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 20 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 39 |
# Copa El Gráfico-Perú

The Copa El Gráfico-Perú, was an international exhibition football competition hosted in Peru since 1999 until 2006. It features teams from Peru, Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. All matches are played at the Estadio Nacional in Lima.

## Champions

* (In bracket, title count):
| Ed. | Season | Champion | Runner-up |
| 1 | 1999 | Alianza Lima (1) | Universitario |
| 2 | 2000 | Universitario (1) | Universidad de Chile |
| 3 | 2001–I | Sporting Cristal (1) | Universitario |
| 4 | 2001–II | Juan Aurich (1) | Universitario |
| 5 | 2001–III | Melgar (1) | Alianza Lima |
| 6 | 2002–I | Peñarol (1) | Alianza Lima |
| 7 | 2002–II | Peñarol (2) | Sporting Cristal |
| 8 | 2003 | Alianza Lima (2) | Independiente |
| 9 | 2004 | Cienciano (1) | Estudiantes |
| 10 | 2005 | Cienciano (2) | Universitario |
| 11 | 2006 | Sporting Cristal (2) | José Gálvez |

### Titles by club

| Club | Winners | Winning Seasons |
| Alianza Lima | 2 | 1999, 2003 |
| Cienciano | 2 | 2004, 2005 |
| Peñarol | 2 | 2002–I, 2002–II |
| Sporting Cristal | 2 | 2001–I, 2006 |
| Juan Aurich | 1 | 2001–II |
| Melgar | 1 | 2001–III |
| Universitario | 1 | 2000 |
# Erik Must Angell

Erik Must Angell (15 September 1744 – 28 August 1814) was a Norwegian jurist and politician.
He graduated both as cand.theol. and cand.jur. He became burgomaster of Throndhjem in 1774, magistrate president in 1788 and judge in 1800. He was also a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters. He was then County Governor of Søndre Throndhjems amt (today named Sør-Trøndelag) from 1810 to 1814.
He was the brother of local dean Jonas Angell. He married Anna Marie Lysholm (1757–1826) in 1780.
# Il-e Teymur

Il-e Teymur (Persian: ايل تيمور, also romanized as Īl-e Teymūr) is a village in Kani Bazar Rural District, Khalifan District, Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 163, in 27 families.
# Kévin Farade

Kévin Farade (born 1 September 1995) is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for Championnat National 2 club Fleury.

## Club career

Farade is a product of the youth academies of FC Villiers-le-Bel and Guingamp. He began his senior career with the reserves of Guingamp in 2012, before moving to Paris Saint-Germain II in 2013. He followed that up with stints at Lusitanos Saint-Maur, Entente SSG and AF Bobigny. After a breakout season with Bobigny scoring 13 goals in 20 games, he moved to Créteil on 13 June 2020. After another successful stint with Créteil, he transferred to Annecy on 5 June 2022, as they were newly promoted into the Ligue 2. He made his professional debut with Annecy in a 2–1 Ligue 2 loss to Niort on 30 July 2022.

## International career

Born in Metropolitan France, Farade is of Martiniquais descent. He was first called up to the Martinique national team in May 2022, but did not make an appearance due to administrative issues.
# Lánycsók

Lánycsók (German: Lantschuk) is a village in Baranya County, Hungary.
Until the end of World War II, the majority of the inhabitants was Danube Swabian, also called locally as Stifolder, because their ancestors arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries from Fulda (district). Most of the former German settlers were expelled to Allied-occupied Germany and Allied-occupied Austria in 1945-1948, consequent to the Potsdam Agreement. Only a few Germans of Hungary live there today. The majority are the descendants of Hungarians from the Czechoslovak–Hungarian population exchange, who got the houses of the former Danube Swabian inhabitants.
# Allophylus rubifolius

Allophyllus rubifolius is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae. It is a shrub or tree native to eastern, east-central, and southeastern Africa, ranging from Eritrea to Democratic Republic of the Congo and Kwazulu-Natal, and to the Arabian Peninsula.

## Varieties

Four varieties are accepted.
* Allophylus rubifolius var. alnifolius (Baker) Friis & Vollesen – Ethiopia to Democratic Republic of the Congo and Mozambique
* Allophylus rubifolius var. dasystachys (Gilg) Verdc. – Kenya and northern Tanzania
* Allophylus rubifolius var. rhusiphyllus (Balf.f.) Friis & Vollesen - northeastern Somalia and Socotra Archipelago
* Allophylus rubifolius var. rubifolius – Eritrea to southern Africa and Arabian Peninsula
# Walter Stettner Ritter von Grabenhofen

Walter Stettner Ritter von Grabenhofen (18 March 1895 – 18 October 1944) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. In October 1944 he went missing in action on Mount Avala, near Belgrade in Serbia.

## Biography

General von Stettner came from a well-respected military family. He fought in World War I, serving with the Bavarian Leib Regiment throughout.
He started World War II as commander of a Gebirgsjäger-Regiment and fought in Poland, Norway, Yugoslavia, and the Soviet Union, where his unit advanced into the Caucasus. On 17 December 1942, he replaced Hubert Lanz as commander of the 1st Mountain Division, when the Division was retreating to the Kuban Bridgehead, and in April 1943 he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his contribution to the defence of the Bridgehead.
In April 1943, the 1st Mountain Division was transferred to Yugoslavia for anti-partisan operations. Still under Stettner's command, the division committed several war crimes in Yugoslavia and Greece, including the Massacres of Kommeno, Mousiotitsa, Lyngiades, Borovë and the Massacre of the Italian Acqui Division.

## Disappearance and aftermath

In October 1944, during the Soviet Belgrade Offensive, his unit was cut off and Stettner went missing in action, presumed killed on Mount Avala, near Belgrade.
He was described as a "small, meticulous man, who suffered a complex of inferiority and was driven by a tremendous sense of pride that led him to keep political opinions to himself. From his soldiers, he expected unwavering obedience to Hitler's orders. He dismissed the role of the military chaplaincy in the 1st Mountain Division. In the guidelines released for Operation "Augustus", Stettner required his soldiers to shoot on the spot any suspect who could potentially be connected to or suspected of partisan activities and to destroy all houses in their vicinity. This way of treating civilians in Epirus led to frequent frictions with his immediate superior, the devout Catholic General Hubert Lanz".