# Philomel-class gunvessel

The Philomel-class gunvessel was a class of wooden-hulled screw-driven second-class gunvessels built for the Royal Navy between 1859 and 1867, of which 26 were ordered but only 20 completed. They had a mixed history, with some serving for as little as 5 years, and others surviving into the 1880s. Two of the class were sold and used as Arctic exploration vessels, both eventually being lost in the ice.

## Design

The Philomel-class gunvessels were an enlargement of the earlier Algerine-class gunboat of 1856. The first pair of the class were ordered as "new style steam schooners" on 1 April 1857, another three were ordered on 27 March 1858 and a sixth on 8 April 1859; all were built in the naval dockyards. All six were re-classified as second-class gunvessels on 8 June 1859.
With this new classification, a further twelve of the class were ordered by the Admiralty on 14 June 1859, receiving their names on 24 September the same year. They were constructed of wood in contract yards and then fitted out at naval dockyards. Another six of the class were ordered on 5 March 1860 for construction in naval dockyards, with a final pair ordered in 1861. Of these final eight, six were subsequently cancelled, and one, Newport was suspended for 4 years.

### Propulsion

The Philomel class were fitted with a two-cylinder horizontal single-expansion steam engine and a single screw (Ranger had a single-trunk engine). The engine, which was produced by a range of contractors, including George Rennie & Sons and Robert Napier and Sons, was intended to produce a nominal horsepower of 80nhp, which equated to about 325 indicated horsepower (242 kW). This was sufficient for a speed under steam alone of about 9.5 knots (17.6 km/h).

### Sailing rig

The class were fitted with a barque-rigged sail plan.

### Armament

Ships of the class were armed with a 68-pounder 95 cwt muzzle-loading smooth-bore gun, two 24-pounder howitzers and two 20-pounder breech-loading guns. All ships of the class later had the 68-pounder replaced by a 7-inch/110-pounder breech-loading gun.

## Ships

| Name | Ship Builder | Ordered | Launched | Fate |
| Ranger | Deptford Dockyard | 1 April 1857 | 26 November 1859 | Sold to Messrs. Isaacs on 3 November 1869 |
| Espoir | Pembroke Dockyard | 1 April 1857 | 7 January 1860 | Became dredger YC19 in 1869, later to Bermuda where she was broken up in June 1881 |
| Landrail | Deptford Dockyard | 27 March 1858 | 27 March 1860 | Sold for mercantile use in September 1869, and renamed Walrus. Wrecked in October 1876 on Black Island, Newfoundland Colony. |
| Nimble | Pembroke Dockyard | 27 March 1858 | 15 September 1860 | Harbour service in 1879. RNR training ship at Hull in 1885. Sold to W R James on 10 July 1906 |
| Speedwell | Deptford Dockyard | 27 March 1858 | 12 February 1861 | Broken up at Chatham in July 1876 |
| Pandora | Pembroke Dockyard | 8 April 1859 | 7 February 1861 | Sold for Arctic Exploration on 13 January 1875 and renamed USS Jeannette in 1881. Crushed by ice on 13 June 1881 |
| Lee | Money Wigram & Sons, Blackwall Yard | 14 June 1859 | 25 January 1860 | Breaking completed at Sheerness on 20 March 1875 |
| Dart | C J Mare & Company, Leamouth | 14 June 1859 | 10 March 1860 | Renamed Kangaroo on 1 April 1882. Broken up in December 1884 |
| Snipe | J Scott Russell, Millwall | 14 June 1859 | 5 May 1860 | Broken up at Sheerness in May 1868 |
| Sparrow | J Scott Russell, Millwall | 14 June 1859 | 7 July 1860 | Broken up by Marshall at Plymouth in 1868 |
| Torch | R & H Green, Blackwall Yard | 14 June 1859 | 24 December 1859 | Broken up at Malta in September 1881 |
| Plover | R & H Green, Blackwall Yard | 14 June 1859 | 19 January 1860 | Sold as a merchant vessel on 12 September 1865, renamed Hawk, and wrecked in 1876 |
| Penguin | William Cowley Miller, Toxteth Dock, Liverpool | 14 June 1859 | 8 February 1860 | Sold to Lethbridge & Drew for breaking on 26 February 1870 |
| Steady | William Cowley Miller, Toxteth Dock, Liverpool | 14 June 1859 | 8 February 1860 | Sold to W & T Jolliffe on 12 May 1870 |
| Cygnet | Money Wigram & Company, Northam | 14 June 1859 | 6 June 1860 | Broken up at Portsmouth in August 1868 |
| Griffon | William Pitcher, Northfleet | 14 June 1859 | 25 February 1860 | Collided with Pandora off Little Popo in West Africa on 2 October 1866 and stranded |
| Mullett | Charles Lungley, Rotherhithe | 14 June 1859 | 3 February 1860 | Sold at Hong Kong for mercantile use on 25 April 1872, renamed Formosa |
| Philomel | J. & R. White, Cowes | 14 June 1859 | 10 March 1860 | Sold back to White, Cowes, for breaking on 2 June 1865 |
| Newport | Pembroke Dockyard | 5 March 1860 | 20 July 1867 | Suspended during 1862/63. Survey ship in April 1868. Sold for mercantile use in May 1881, renamed Blencathra; subsequently wrecked on 11 June 1881 but salved. Renamed Pandora in 1899 and sold in 1912 to Georgy Brusilov for his ill-fated Arctic expedition. Renamed Svyataya Anna and lost in the Arctic between sometime after 1914. |
| Alban | Deptford Dockyard | 5 March 1860 | | Suspended during 1862/63 and cancelled on 12 December 1863 |
| Jaseur | Deptford Dockyard | 5 March 1860 | 15 May 1862 | Sold to the Commissioners of Irish Lights in December 1874 |
| Humber | Pembroke Dockyard | 5 March 1860 | | Cancelled on 12 December 1863 |
| Undine | Deptford Dockyard | 5 March 1860 | | Cancelled on 12 December 1863 |
| Rye | Pembroke Dockyard | 5 March 1860 | | Cancelled on 12 December 1863 (never laid down) |
| Portia | Deptford Dockyard | 1861 | | Cancelled on 12 December 1863 (never started) |
| Discovery | Deptford Dockyard | 1861 | | Cancelled on 12 December 1863 (never started) |