OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jnana Palam

Jnana palam (Tamil: ஞானப்பழம், romanized: Jñāna paḻam, lit. 'Fruit of wisdom'), also rendered Gnana Palam, is the name of a divine fruit in Hindu mythology. It is associated with the myth of Murugan and Ganesha participating in a contest, and the former's sacred abode of Palani. Presented by the sage Narada to Shiva, the jnana palam is regarded to have possessed the elixir of wisdom. In some iterations, the jnana palam is described to be a golden mango.

## Legend

According to legend, the sage Narada once visited Shiva at his abode of Kailash, and presented the jnana palam to him. Shiva chose to present the divine fruit to one of his two sons, Murugan or Ganesha, and set forth a contest: The first one able to circle the world thrice would be awarded with the prize. Murugan, who interpreted the instruction literally, instantly mounted his peacock, and started his journey. Ganesha, whose own mount was a mouse, interpreted the instruction metaphysically, and proclaimed his belief that the world, in fact, was embodied by his parents, Shiva and Parvati. He proceeded to circumambulate them thrice. Pleased with his wisdom, the jnana palam was awarded to Ganesha. When Murugan returned, he was furious that his brother had won the fruit, believing that the latter had resorted to trickery. He renounced his grandeur and exalted position at Kailash, and retired to the hills of Palani as a hermit, where it became one of his six sacred abodes.
Shiva and Parvati are believed to have travelled to Palani to urge him to return. They attempted to pacify him, remarking that Murugan himself was the divine fruit. Popular etymology holds that the origin of the town "Palani" is a contraction of the Tamil form of this aforementioned statement, transliterated as "Paḻam nī", meaning, "Fruit, you".

## Symbolism

Kamil Zvelebil regards this myth to mean that "Murugan is the fruit (paḻam) of his devotees' devotion, much more delicious than any other fruit, mango or pomegranate".

## In popular culture

* The Tamil film Gnanapazham is named after this fruit.
* The 1965 Tamil film Thiruvilaiyadal revolves around the events of this myth.
# Adriano (footballer, born February 1994)

Adriano Louzada e Silva (born 16 February 1994), known simply as Adriano, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a winger.

## Career

Born in Anchieta, Espírito Santo, Adriano moved to Italy in 2008, aged 14, and joined Reggina Calcio's youth system. He made his professional debut on 26 May 2012, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 0–3 home loss to Vicenza Calcio.
# Khaldoun Talhouni

Dr. Khaldoun Talhouni is a Jordanian diplomat, who, from 2006 to 2008, served as secretary general of Jordan’s foreign ministry.
On October 9, 2008, Talhouni presented his credentials to the Director-General of the OPCW (Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons) as the Permanent Representative of Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. He concurrently served as Jordan's Ambassador to the Netherlands.
His other positions included serving as Ambassador to Estonia, First Secretary of the Embassy of Jordan in Washington D.C (1975 – 1979), Ambassador and Counsellor to Australia (1999 – 2004), Casablanca, Morocco (1987 – 1989) and Paris, France (1981 – 1986); Chargé d'Affaires of the Jordanian Embassy in Berne between 1995 and 1997 and also worked for the Jordanian Permanent Mission in Geneva as the Deputy Head from 1992 to 1995.
Ambassador Talhouni has a PhD degree in Political Science from the Sorbonne University, Paris (1984), a Masters in International Relations from the American University in Washington, DC (1978) and a bachelor's degree in Political Science and Public Administration from the University of Jordan (1972).
# Ro'im Rachok

Ro'im Rachok (Hebrew: רואים רחוק, lit. 'looking ahead') is a program designed to train young autistic adults in professions by the Israel Defense Forces. Qualified young adults, who want to volunteer for service in the IDF or integrate into the job market, are taught professions for which they have a comparative advantage.
The first graduates of the program learned to analyze aerial and satellite photographs in cooperation with Unit 9900. Later the program expanded and currently it trains for professions like Software QA, Information sorting Electro-optics and Electronics. The soldiers serve in more than 10 units in the Israeli Intelligence Community, Israeli Air Force and more. In 2016 the program had roughly 50 individuals.
The program is operated in cooperation with Beyond the Horizon and Ono Academic College.

## History

Ro'im Rachok was founded in 2013 by two Mossad veterans who realized that certain individuals on the autism spectrum could be unusually skilled at spending long hours analyzing aerial reconnaissance photographs and picking out tiny details. In addition to its military benefits, there are social benefits to the program. Military service is mandatory in Israel for almost all citizens, but teenagers on the autism spectrum ( and some disabilities) are exempt. This poses a barrier to advancement in their lives as military service is a significant step in Israeli society for young men, both symbolically as well as professionally.
Now, the military increasingly looks at autistic individuals with low support needs as potentially useful. Rather than forcing individuals to remain enlisted for the standard three years, Ro'im Rachok gives individuals the option to enlist in one-year increments once their three-month training is complete. When enlisted, the soldiers are accompanied by a therapist as well as a psychologist for their own benefit as well as to accommodate for some social barriers their commanders and colleagues may encounter.
The program also helps to prepare young autistic adults for their futures with training on how to deal with challenging situations related to their civilian life such as public transportation. The program also helps to prepare people for future careers in technological fields and careers. Ro'im Rachok aims to utilize skills people on the autism spectrum exhibit, as well as end stigma surrounding autism.
# Irene Kirpal

Irene Kirpal (1 January 1886 – 17 December 1977) was a Czechoslovakian politician. In 1920 she was one of the first group of women elected to the Chamber of Deputies, remaining in parliament until 1938.

## Biography

Kirpal was born Irene Grundmann into a Jewish family in Hořice in Austria-Hungary (now in the Czech Republic) in 1886. Between 1902 and her marriage in 1912, she worked in education. She joined the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria in 1912 and became chair of the women's section in Aussig (Ústí nad Labem) in 1915.
Following the independence of Czechoslovakia at the end of World War I, Kirpal was a municipal councillor in Ústí nad Labem from 1918 to 1920. She joined the German Social Democratic Workers' Party (DSAP) in 1919, and the following year was one of its candidates for the Chamber of Deputies in the parliamentary elections, in which she was one of sixteen women elected to parliament. She was subsequently re-elected in 1925, 1929 and 1935, serving in the Chamber of Deputies until the Nazi annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938. She subsequently lived in exile in the United Kingdom, returning to Czechoslovakia in 1946. She died in Ústí nad Labem in 1977.
# Goose Green (disambiguation)

Goose Green is a settlement in the Falkland Islands
Goose Green could also refer to the following places in England:
* Goose Green, Altrincham
* Goose Green, Cumbria
* Goose Green, Essex
* Goose Green, Gloucestershire
* Goose Green, Greater Manchester, a suburb of Wigan
* Goose Green, Hampshire
* Goose Green, Kent
* Goose Green, Lancashire
* Goose Green, London, a park in the London Borough of Southwark
* Goose Green, Norfolk
* Goose Green, West Sussex
* Goose Green, West Yorkshire
# Raphael Martinho

Raphael Martinho Alves de Lima (born 15 April 1988), commonly referred to as Raphael Martinho, is a Brazilian footballer, who plays as a winger.

## Club career
### Paulista Futebol Clube

Martinho started his career within the youth ranks of Brazilian club SC BOTLEK, before an early-career transfer to Paulista. Since 2007 his registration rights were owned by a "football club" from Monte Alegre do Sul, and were originally loaned to Paulista. After a youth career with the São Paulo based club, the player was sent on loan in 2009 to Campeonato Paulista Série A3 side Votoraty from Monte Alegre. Following his loan spell with the club, he returned to Paulista in June 2009. Following his return to Paulista FC, still on loan from Monte Alegre FC, along with teammate, Rafael Serrano, Martinho finally made his debut for the club, and during the 2010 season, he made 6 first team appearances 2010 Campeonato Paulista. On 21 May 2010, the Brazilian midfielder would move to Sicilian giants, Calcio Catania of Italian Serie A was confirmed by Paulista. Martinho completed the deal in August after his European Union citizenship was confirmed.

### Calcio Catania

On 21 May 2010, Raphael Martinho was officially announced to have joined Calcio Catania. In his first season with the club, Martinho was limited to just 11 league appearances, just 5 of which were starts.

#### Cesena loan

Due to his limited game time for the Sicilians, the club opted to loan the midfielder to newly promoted AC Cesena for the 2011–12 Serie A season.. With the Seahorses, Martinho appeared 18 times in the league, but was unable to help his club avoid relegation to Serie B, as Cesena finished 20th. Martinho returned to Catania on 30 June 2012.

### Hellas Verona

On 19 July 2012, Catania sent Martinho on a season-long loan deal to Serie B club, Hellas Verona, who also obtained the option to a co-ownership deal upon the expiration of the loan deal. The move proved very successful for the Brazilian, as he featured in 30 league matches, scoring 10 league goals, helping the Bentegodi-based club finish second in the 2011–12 Serie B league table and gain promotion to Serie A for the first time since 2002. At the conclusion of the loan deal, Hellas Verona took up their option to purchase 50% of the player's registration rights ahead of their return to the pinnacle of Italian football.
On 28 July 2015, Catania announced the termination of his contract.

### Carpi

Martinho joined Serie A side Carpi F.C. 1909 on 28 July 2015.

### Virtus Entella

On 1 February 2019, he was released from his contract by Virtus Entella by mutual consent.

### São Bento

On 1 April 2019, Martinho moved back to Brazil and joined Esporte Clube São Bento.
# Raphael Mello

Raphael de Mello Fernandes Cornelio (born 22 July 1992), known as Raphael Mello, is a Brazilian football player who currently plays for Portuguese club São João de Ver.

## Club career

He made his professional debut in the Campeonato Carioca for Duque de Caxias on 9 March 2014 in a game against Fluminense.
# Tatiana Kusayko

Tatiana Alekseyevna Kusayko (Russian: Татьяна Алексеевна Кусайко; 3 January 1961, Butenki, Kobeliaky Raion) is a Russian political figure. She was a member of the Federation Council between 2016 and 2021 and deputy of the 8th State Duma since 2021.
In 1983, Kusayko graduated from the Kharkiv National Medical University and went to Murmansk to work in a local hospital. In June 2011, she was appointed chief physician of the municipal budgetary healthcare institution "Children's Polyclinic No. 1" in Murmansk. From 2014 to 2016, she was a deputy of the Council of Deputies of the city of Murmansk. In 2016, Kusayko became a member of the All-Russia People's Front central office. On 18 September 2016, she was elected a deputy of the Murmansk Oblast Duma of the 6th convocation for United Russia. In 2016, she ran for the 7th State Duma but was not elected. Instead on 6 October 2016 she was appointed to the Federation Council. In 2021, she was elected for the 8th State Duma.
# Cyclo-cross Essen

The Cyclo-cross Essen, currently known as Robotland Cyclo-cross for sponsorship reasons and previously Grand Prix Rouwmoer, is a cyclo-cross race held in Essen, Belgium, which was until 2017 part of the BPost Bank Trophy.

## Past winners

| Year | Winner |
| 2024 | Laurens Sweeck |
| 2023 | Wout van Aert |
| 2022 | Gerben Kuypers |
| 2021 | Wout van Aert |
| 2020 | Mathieu van der Poel |
| 2019 | Quinten Hermans |
| 2018 | Laurens Sweeck |
| 2017 | Mathieu van der Poel |
| 2016 | Wout Van Aert |
| 2015 | Wout Van Aert |
| 2014 | Wout Van Aert |
| 2013 | Kevin Pauwels |
| 2012 | Jan Denuwelaere |
| 2011 | Bart Wellens |
| 2010 | Sven Nys |
| 2009 | Niels Albert |
| 2008 | Sven Nys |
| 2007 | Sven Nys |
| 2006 | Sven Nys |
| 2005 | Bart Wellens |
| 2004 | Bart Wellens |
| 2003 | Bart Wellens |
| 2002 | Sven Nys |
| 2001 | Mario De Clercq |
| 2000 | Peter Van Santvliet |
| 1999 | Bart Wellens |
| 1998 | Sven Nys |
| 1997 | Richard Groenendaal |
| 1996 | Adrie van der Poel |
| 1995 | Paul Herijgers |
| 1994 | Paul Herijgers |
| 1993 | Paul Herijgers |
| 1992 | Danny De Bie |
| 1991 | Danny De Bie |
| 1990 | Roland Liboton |
| 1989 | Guy Vandijck |
| 1988 | Dirk Pauwels |
| 1987 | Walter Marijnissen |
| 1986 | Walter Marijnissen |
| 1985 | Noël Danneels |
| 1984 | Jan Teugels |
| 1983 | Ludo De Rey |
| 1982 | Henk Baars |
| 1981 | Johan Ghyllebert |
| 1979 | Hennie Stamsnijder |
| 1978 | Alfons Van Parijs |
| 1977 | Klaus-Peter Thaler |
| 1976 | Gert Wildeboer |
| 1975 | Hendrik Arnouts |
| 1974 | Jan Teugels |
| 1973 | Leo Arnouts |
| 1972 | Auguste Badts |
| 1971 | Flory Ongenae |
| 1970 | Freddy Nijs |
| 1969 | Freddy Nijs |
| 1968 | Auguste Badts |
| 1967 | Flory Ongenae |
| 1966 | Cock van der Hulst |
| 1965 | Guy Goossens |

## Women

| Year | Winner | 2nd | 3rd |
| 2024 | Marion Norbert-Riberolle | Sara Casasola | Laura Verdonschot |
| 2023 | Marion Norbert-Riberolle | Aniek van Alphen | Laura Verdonschot |
| 2022 | Aniek van Alphen | Alicia Franck | Yara Kastelijn |
| 2021 | Zoe Bäckstedt | Laura Verdonschot | Anna Kay |
| 2020 | Marianne Vos | Perrine Clauzel | Inge van der Heijden |
| 2019 | Marianne Vos | Kata Blanka Vas | Anna Kay |
| 2018 | Maud Kaptheijns | Lucinda Brand | Eva Lechner |
| 2017 | Sanne Cant | Nikki Brammeier | Katie Compton |
| 2016 | Sanne Cant | Sophie de Boer | Thalita de Jong |
| 2015 | Sanne Cant | Thalita de Jong | Jolien Verschueren |
| 2014 | Sophie de Boer | Sanne Cant | Ellen Van Loy |
| 2013 | Sanne Cant | Helen Wyman | Nikki Harris |
| 2012 | Sanne Cant | Helen Wyman | Nikki Harris |
| 2011 | Marianne Vos | Sophie de Boer | Nikki Harris |
# Kommersant

Kommersant (Russian: Коммерсантъ, IPA:, The Businessman or Commerce Man, often shortened to Ъ) is a nationally distributed daily newspaper published in Russia mostly devoted to politics and business. The TNS Media and NRS Russia certified July 2013 circulation of the daily was 120,000–130,000.
It is widely considered to be one of Russia's three main business dailies (together with Vedomosti and RBK Daily).

## History

The original Kommersant newspaper was established in Moscow in 1909, but was shut down by the Bolsheviks following the October Revolution in 1917.
In 1989, with the onset of press freedom in Russia, Kommersant was relaunched under the ownership of businessman and publicist Vladimir Yakovlev. The first issue was released in January 1990. It was modeled after Western business journalism.
The newspaper's title is spelled in Russian with a terminal hard sign (ъ) – a letter that is silent at the end of a word in modern Russian, and was thus largely abolished by the post-revolution Russian spelling reform, in reference to the original Kommersant. This is played up in the Kommersant logo, which features a script hard sign at the end of somewhat more formal font. The newspaper also refers to itself or its redaction as "Ъ".
Founded as a weekly newspaper, it became popular among business and political elites. It then became a daily newspaper in 1992. It was owned by the businessman Boris Berezovsky from 1999 until 2006, when he sold it to Badri Patarkatsishvili. In September 2006, it was sold to Alisher Usmanov.
In January 2005, Kommersant published a protest at a court ruling ordering it to publish a denial of a story about a crisis at Alfa-Bank. In 2008, BBC News named Kommersant one of Russia's leading liberal business broadsheets.
It has been argued that Kommersant strategically uses an ironic tone in its reporting, expressed in "creative neologisms, wordplay, metaphors, and legally imposed euphemisms," allowing it to maintain a degree of independence in periods of severe state censorship.
* Russia portal
* Journalism portal
# Merz (art style)

Merz (art style) is a synonym for the more common expression and term Dada, and traces back to Kurt Schwitters.

## Origin

Merz was conceptualized by Kurt Schwitters, who planned a Dada section in Hanover. However, upon being denied an invitation to the First International Dada Fair in Berlin in 1920, Schwitters wished to establish a subsect of the Dada movement that was tailored to his own artistic philosophies and visions. In his own words, he wished to find a "totally unique hat fitting only a single head"— his own.

## Etymology

The name Merz was generated by chance through a collage that incorporated the German word Kommerz (commerce). The resulting word, which was nonsensical and spontaneously generated, was similar in origin and philosophy to the title of Dada. Merz became Schwitters's synonym for his own approach to Dada.

## Characteristics

Like Dada, Merz was characterized by spontaneity and frequently made use of found objects. One of the most significant Merz artifacts constructed by Schwitters is the Merzbau, a tower-sized sculpture assembled from refuse and ephemera that occupied the inside of his apartment and existed from 1927 to 1943, when it was destroyed by a British air raid during World War II.

## Reception

Kurt Schwitters, a pioneer in fusing collage and abstraction— influenced Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, the Fluxus movement and Joseph Beuys, too.
# Gabura Union

Gabura Union (Bengali: গাবুরা ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad in Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira District, in Khulna Division, Bangladesh.
# Renan Oliveira (footballer, born 1989)

Renan Henrique Oliveira Vieira (born December 29, 1989, in Itabira), or simply Renan Oliveira, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Remo, as an attacking midfielder.
He made his professional debut in a 2–3 home defeat to Guarani-MG on April 6, 2008, in the Minas Gerais State Championship. He scored his 1st professional goal in a 3–2 home win over Tupi on April 13, 2008, in the same competition.

## Honours
### Goiás

* Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2012
* Campeonato Goiano: 2013

### América Mineiro

* Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2017

### Sūduva

* A Lyga: 2019
* Lithuanian Football Cup: 2019
# Bab Duri

Bab Duri (Persian: باب دوري, also Romanized as Bāb Dūrī) is a village in Dasht-e Khak Rural District, in the Central District of Zarand County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 106, in 26 families.
# Renatinho (footballer, born 1991)

Renato Gonçalves de Lima (born 14 September 1991), known as Renatinho, is a Brazilian former football midfielder.

## Career

In the second half of 2014, he reached the milestone of 140 games and 15 goals.
On 29 June 2019, Renatinho joined Maltese club Birkirkara.

## Honours
### Santa Cruz

* Campeonato Pernambucano: 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015 and 2016
* Campeonato Brasileiro Série C: 2013
* Taça Chico Science: 2016
* Copa do Nordeste: 2016

### Qadsia SC

* Kuwait Crown Prince Cup: 2017-18
# Ricardo (footballer, born 1984)

Ricardo Teixeira Vieira or simply Ricardo (born April 4, 1984), is a Brazilian goalkeeper. He currently plays for Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo. He was born in Caxias do Sul.

## Contract

* Internacional (Loan) 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2009
* Caxias 14 December 2007 to 31 December 2011
# Ricardo Nascimento (Brazilian footballer)

Ricardo dos Santos Nascimento (born 7 February 1987), simply known as Ricardo Nascimento is a Brazilian footballer playing for Royal AM F.C. as a defender.

## Club career

After an unsuccessful spell at Palmeiras, he joined Olé Brasil in 2008. Nascimento spent the following seasons on loan at Penafiel followed by Portimonense. He then returned to Brazil before embracing Romanian football with Astra Giurgiu.
He again spent the 2012–2013 season with Portimonense. It was followed by another loan spell with Moreirense. In 2014, he entered Primeira Liga with Académica.
In 2016, Nascimento moved to South Africa to play for the Mamelodi Sundowns. After six years, he moved to Durban-based Premier Division rivals Royal AM F.C. Nascimento has played in 116 South African Premier Division matches as of 29 December 2023.

## Honours
### Mamelodi Sundowns

* South African Premier Division: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20, 2020-21
* Nedbank Cup: 2019-20
* Telkom Knockout: 2019
* CAF Super Cup: 2017.
# Carl Eduard Hammerschmidt

Karl Eduard Hammerschmidt, also known as Abdullah Bey (1800, Vienna – 30 August 1874, Anatolia), was an Austrian mineralogist, entomologist, and physician.

## Life

Hammerschmidt took a law degree in Vienna in 1827. He also studied medicine, with an emphasis on anesthesiology, and served until 1848 as the editor of the Landwirtschaftliche Zeitung, an agricultural newspaper published in Vienna.
In 1848 he named comadia redtenbacheri, known as the caterpillar placed in bottles of mezcal, in honour of his colleague Ludwig Redtenbacher (1814–1876).
After the Revolution of 1848, Hammerschmidt fled Vienna to fight under the Polish general Józef Bem. Along with other revolutionaries from Hungary, he entered Turkey, and soon thereafter was employed as a teacher of medicine, zoology, and mineralogy in the medical school of Constantinople. Austria demanded that Turkey deport him, whereupon Hammerschmidt moved to Damascus, where he worked as a hospital physician. He served in the Turkish army during the Crimean War.
In 1873, Hammerschmidt joined the faculty of medicine in Istanbul, teaching geology, mineralogy, and zoology. He founded the Natural History Museum of the Imperial Medical School of Constantinople, and was among the founders of the Turkish Red Crescent.
Hammerschmidt converted to Islam and assumed the name "Abdullah Bey." He died in 1874 in the course of geological surveys for a new railway in Anatolia.

## Works

* Beschreibung eines neuen mexicanischen Schmetterlinges (Cossus) Redtenbacheri Hmrschdt., dessen Entwickelung in Wien beobachtet wurde, mit 1 lith. Tafel. Wien, 1847
* Helminthologische Beiträge, Beschreibung einiger neuer in Insekten entdeckten Oxyuris-Arten. Wien, 1847.
* Beschreibung einiger Oxyuris-Arten. In: Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, 1 (1847).

## Literature

* Kinzelbach, R. 2013. "Die Vogelsammlung Karl Eduard Hammerschmidt und verschollene Teile der Sammlung des Herzogs Paul Wilhelm, Prinz von Württemberg, am Gymnasium am Kaiserdom zu Speyer und in der Zoologischen Sammlung der Universität Rostock." Vogelwarte 51(2): 81–96.
* Verhandlungen des V. Symposions über Österreichisch – Türkische Medizinische Beziehungen: Anlässlich des 120. Todesjahres des Mitbegründers des Türkischen Halbmondes Dr. Abdullah Bey und des 150. Todesjahres des Schöpfers der Medizinschule Galatasaray Dr. K. A. Bernard. (V. Türk – Avusturya Tibbî İlişkileri Simpozyumu bildirileri: 5 Ekim 1994, Çarşamba; Kızılay'ın Kurucularından Miralay Dr. Abdullah Bey'in ölümünün 120. yıldönümü ile Galatasaray'da Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Şahane'nin kurucularından Dr. K. A. Bernard'ın ölümünün 150. yıldönümü anısına düzenlenen yayınlayanlar Arslan Terzioğlu). Türk Avusturya Tıbbî İlişkileri Simpozyumu 5, 1994. Istanbul, 1995.