OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Technics and Time, 1

Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus (French: La technique et le temps, 1: La faute d'Épiméthée) is a book by the French philosopher Bernard Stiegler, first published by Galilée in 1994.
The English translation, by George Collins and Richard Beardsworth, was published by Stanford University Press in 1998. The Technics and Time series is the fullest systematic statement by Stiegler of his philosophy, and the first volume draws on the work of Martin Heidegger, André Leroi-Gourhan, Gilbert Simondon, Bertrand Gille, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Jean-Pierre Vernant in order to outline and develop Stiegler's major philosophical theses. The series consists of three books.

## Overview

Stiegler argues that "technics" forms the horizon of human existence. This fact has been suppressed throughout the history of philosophy, which has never ceased to operate on the basis of a distinction between episteme and tekhne. The thesis of the book is that the genesis of technics corresponds not only to the genesis of what is called "human" but of temporality as such, and that this is the clue toward understanding the future of the dynamic process in which the human and the technical consists.
* Part I conducts a reading of approaches to the history of technology and the origin of hominisation, in particular by André Leroi-Gourhan, Gilbert Simondon, and Bertrand Gille. The outcome of this reading is the thought that history cannot be thought according to the idea that humanity is the "subject" of this history and technology simply the object. When it comes to the relation between the human and the technical, the "who" and the "what" are in an undecidable relation.
* Part II is largely a reading of the work of Martin Heidegger in terms of the above consideration. Stiegler argues that Heidegger's philosophy fails adequately to grasp that, if there is such a thing as authentic temporality, the only access to it can be via objects, artefacts and, in general, technics, without which access to the past and future is impossible as such. Crucial to Stiegler's formulation of his understanding of humanity, technology, and time, is his reading of the myth of Prometheus.

## Succeeding volumes

Stiegler published three volumes in the Technics and Time series. The Fault of Epimetheus was followed by Tome 2: La désorientation (1996) and Tome 3: Le temps du cinéma et la question du mal-être (2001). Volume Two was published in translation by Stanford University Press in 2008 with the subtitle, Disorientation. Volume Three appeared in 2010 with the subtitle, Cinematic Time and the Question of Malaise (both volumes translated by Stephen Barker).
# Joe Hudepohl

Joseph Bernard Hudepohl (born November 16, 1973) is an American former competition swimmer, three-time Olympic medalist, and former world record-holder.

## Early years

Hudepohl is a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, and was raised in the suburb of Finneytown. He is a 1992 alumnus of Saint Xavier High School in Cincinnati and graduated from Stanford University in 1997.

## Swimming accomplishments

Joe Hudepohl was the youngest member of the 1992 United States swimming team that competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He won a gold medal as a member of the victorious 400-meter freestyle relay team, and earned a bronze medal as part of the 4×200-meter freestyle relay team. Hudepohl also represented the United States at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where he won a gold medal as a member of the 4×200-meter freestyle relay team.
Hudepohl's Olympic accomplishments followed a collegiate and prep swimming career. He was named National High School Swimmer of the Year in 1992 and won multiple NCAA championships while competing for Stanford University. He was also a member of two American record relay teams and part of a world record 400-meter freestyle relay team at the 1995 Pan Pacific Championships.
Hudepohl presently works in the growth equity team of Atlanta Capital, a subsidiary of Eaton Vance.
# Nikolay Vtorov

Nikolay Alexandrovich Vtorov (Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Вто́ров; 27 April [O.S. 15 April] 1866 – 20 May 1918) was an industrialist from the Russian Empire. According to a 2006 Forbes study, which excluded the ruling House of Romanov, he held the title of Russia's wealthiest man on the eve of World War I, owning an estimated 60 million rubles in gold.

## Biography
### Life and career

Nikolay owed his fortune to his father, Alexander Vtorov, a successful Irkutsk businessman who set up a trans-Siberian retail shopping network. Upon his death in 1911, Alexander Vtorov's net worth was estimated at 13.6 million roubles; it passed to Nikolay and his lesser-known brother, who had lived in Moscow since 1897. Nikolay Vtorov used his father's fortune to take over numerous banks and manufacturing companies; his aggressive takeover policies earned him the nickname of "the Russian Morgan". He has been called "the first to break the age-old traditions in favour of a rational and intelligent organization of commercial business".
Upon Russia's entry into World War I, Vtorov became one of the major military contractors for the tsarist government, amassing huge state subsidies to build new manufacturing plants in central Russia; he was the de facto defence industry manager for the whole of the Moscow region.

### Death and legacy

Vtorov decided to stay in Russia after the 1917 Revolution and pledged loyalty to the Bolshevik regime. Less than a year later, in May 1918, he was assassinated; the exact circumstances of his death remain unknown. He was buried in the cemetery of the now-defunct Skorbyashensky Monastery in Moscow.
Many of Vtorov's largest wartime projects, inherited by the Soviets, are still in operation:
* City of Elektrostal (former Zatishye) foundries and defence plants
* City of Noginsk (former Bogorodsk) foundries and defence plants
* Zavod Imeni Likhacheva (Originally AMO truck company) defunct since 2012. Legacy; MSTs6 AMOZIL company
Lesser-known Vtorov plants are still operating all over the city of Moscow. Many have been converted into offices and shopping malls.
Vtorov's former residence, Spaso House, was seized by the Soviet government in 1918 and has since housed the United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union (1933–1991) and United States Ambassador to the Russian Federation (1991–present).
# CXBN-2

Cosmic X-ray Background Nanosatellite-2 (CXBN-2 or CXBN 2) was a satellite and mission developed by the Morehead State University to follow up on the CXBN mission launched in 2012. It was an improved version of the previous spacecraft and it increased the precision of measurements of the cosmic X-ray background in the 30-50 keV range and helped to improve understanding of the early universe.

## Objectives

The CXBN-2 mission was created in order to map the extragalactic cosmic X-ray background with the use of a Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detector. Compared to its predecessor, its CZT detector had twice the detection area. It allowed for a new, high-precision measurement of the X-ray background. It helped improve understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe through research on high-energy background radiation. It collected 3 million seconds of data throughout its lifetime.

## Design

The CXBN-2 satellite was a Sun-pointing spin-stabilized 2U CubeSat which had four solar panels which provided 15W of power. It had a 2-wall structure and braces to reinforce its body. When it was in its compact form, it occupied a volume of 10 x 10 x 20cm.
It had two transceivers in the Ultra high frequency and S bands for radio communication.

## Instruments

CXBN-2 contained a Cadmium Zinc Telluride Array as its X-ray detector and a magnetometer on board.

## Launch and mission

Cygnus OA-7 launched on April 18, 2017 as the eighth flight of the Cygnus Orbital ATK uncrewed orbital spacecraft and its seventh flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under NASA's Commercial Resupply Services. On April 22, 2017, the Cygnus spacecraft docked with the ISS.
On May 16, 2017, the CXBN-2 satellite was deployed from the ISS via the Nanoracks CubeSat Deployer along with several other CubeSats. On March 1, 2019, it re-entered the Earth's atmosphere.
# Kōhei Oguri

Kōhei Oguri (小栗康平, Oguri Kōhei, born October 29, 1945 in Maebashi, Gunma, Japan) is a Japanese film director and screenwriter.

## Career

Born in Gunma, Oguri first became a freelance assistant director after graduating from Waseda University. He made his directorial debut in 1981 with Muddy River, which earned him both a Japan Academy Prize for Director of the Year and a citation in the Directors Guild of Japan New Directors Award. Muddy River was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and won the Silver Prize at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1985 he was a member of the jury at the 14th Moscow International Film Festival.
His film The Sting of Death won the Grand Prize of the Jury at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival. He has also authored several books.

## Filmography

* Muddy River (泥の河 Doro no kawa) (1981)
* Kayako no tame ni (伽倻子のために) (1984)
* The Sting of Death (死の棘 Shi no toge) (1990)
* Sleeping Man (眠る男) (1996)
* Umoregi (埋もれ木) (2005)
* Foujita (藤田) (2015)
# Signe Hammarsten-Jansson

Signe "Ham" Hammarsten-Jansson (née Hammarsten, 1 June 1882 Hannäs, – 6 July 1970) was a Swedish-Finnish graphic artist who designed, among other things, around 220 Finnish postage stamps during the course of three decades. She was the mother of Tove Jansson, creator of the Moomin characters.

## Biography

Signe Hammarsten came from a respectable Swedish clerical family and was the child of a pastor's daughter and a court chaplain. Hammarsten's parents were opposed to her becoming an artist, and as a girl she had considered a career as a surgeon. Hammarsten went through 8 years of primary school, and then studied at Stockholm University between 1901 and 1905. She began to work as a drawing teacher at a Stockholm girls' school.
It was during a study trip to Paris in 1910 that Hammarsten met and fell in love with the 24-year-old Finnish sculptor, Viktor Jansson. In 1913 they were married and they lived in Paris for a year before moving to Finland in 1914. A daughter was born to the couple shortly thereafter, and Hammarsten-Jansson resumed work as an illustrator. In 1924, Hammarsten-Jansson became a draughtsperson for the Bank of Finland. Here, between 1929 and 1962, Hammarsten-Jansson designed over 200 stamps.
The couple had three children in total: Tove Jansson, Lars Jansson and Per Olov Jansson. Born to artistic parents, the children grew up in a Bohemian lifestyle, and all became artists in their own right. Tove became a writer and painter and would gain particular fame for her Moomin series. Lars became a cartoonist, ultimately becoming responsible for the Moomin comic strips as well as a later animated version. Per Olov became a photographer and collaborated with Tove on a few books. The children were directly influenced by their mother's artistic sensibilities and Tove in particular retained a close connection, only leaving the house at age 28.
Tove has written that she felt her mother understood her better than anyone else and even toward the end of her life, Tove "always tried to resemble [her] Mother, always tried to draw like [her] Mother." In 1928, at age 14, Tove noted that "Mother has important drawing work. (...) I am waiting for the time when I will be able to help her with her drawings. Mother does so much work by herself." Hammarsten-Jansson's death in 1970 profoundly impacted her daughter's writing and it has been suggested that her presence is strongly felt in a number of the books Tove wrote after the death. The melancholic Moominvalley in November (1970) deals themes of leaving and loneliness, and is typically considered the most mature of the Moomin series. The Summer Book (1972) concerns a young girl whose mother has died and her relationship with her grandmother. Hammarsten-Jansson's death marked the end of the Moomin series of novels and Jansson's literary output became primarily adult-oriented.
# Jonai Bazar

Jonai Bazar is a major town and Commercial hub of Dhemaji district in the Indian state of Assam. It located in the hurt of Jonai Co - District and 100 KM away from the Headquarter Dhemaji District.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Jonai Bazar had a population of 5172. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Jonai Bazar has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 56%. In Jonai Bazar, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Yubileynoye, Republic of Dagestan

Yubileynoye (Russian: Юбилейное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Kizlyarsky Selsoviet, Kizlyarsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 777 as of 2010. There are 31 streets.

## Geography

It is located 2 km northeast of Kizlyar.

## Nationalities

Russians, Avars, Dargins, Armenians and Azerbaijanis live there.
# Yubileyny Sports Palace

Jubilee Sports Palace (Russian: спортивный комплекс «Юбилейный»), Sportivniy kompleks Yubileyniy; also translated as Jubilee Palace of Sports, is an indoor sports arena and concert complex that is located in St. Petersburg, Russia. It houses more than 7,000 seats for ice hockey and basketball.
The complex was completed in 1967, as a present from the Federation of Trade Unions, to the city of Saint Petersburg, on the 50th anniversary of Soviet power. The Palace hosts a wide variety of activities, including athletic training and competitions, conventions, festivals, and musical concerts.

## History

The arena was originally opened in 1967. The arena was the long-time home venue of the Russian professional basketball club Spartak Saint Petersburg, hosting both the men's and women's team's games. The arena was used as one of the host venues of the 2016 IIHF World Championship. In more recent years, the Russian professional basketball club Zenit Saint Petersburg used the arena to host its home games.

## Jubilee Sport Club

The Jubilee Sports Palace's ice rink is home to the Jubilee Sport Club, a training center for figure skating. It is also referred to as SDUSHOR St. Petersburg (Russian: СДЮШОР (Санкт-Петербург)).
During the 1990s, the rink often had poor-quality ice and other problems, resulting in limited training time, even for the 1994 Olympic champion, Alexei Urmanov.
# Wohlthat Mountains

71°35′S 12°20′E﻿ / ﻿71.583°S 12.333°E﻿ / -71.583; 12.333 Wohlthat Mountains (German: Wohlthatmassiv) is a large group of associated mountain features consisting of the Humboldt Mountains, Petermann Ranges, and the Gruber Mountains, located immediately east of the Orvin Mountains in Fimbulheimen in the central Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat, who as economist and fiscal officer dealt with the organization of the expedition.
The area was reconnoitered and aerially photographed by the 5th Indian Antarctic Expedition (Nov 1985-Mar 1986) with a three-month temporary summer camp established there. The area was revisited by later Indian Antarctic expeditions.

## Astor Rocks

The Astor Rocks (71°48′S 12°44′E﻿ / ﻿71.800°S 12.733°E﻿ / -71.800; 12.733) are two small rock outcrops lying 4 miles (6 km) southeast of Mount Ramenskiy in the southeast extremity of the Wohlthat Mountains. They were plotted from air photos and from surveys by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (NorAE), 1956–60, and named for Astor Ernstsen, a meteorologist with the NorAE, 1958–59.
# Ariel 2

Ariel 2, also known as UK-C, was a British radio astronomy satellite, which was operated by the Science and Engineering Research Council as part of the Ariel programme. It was built in America by Westinghouse Electric, and had a mass at launch of 68 kilograms (150 lb). It was launched in 1964, and became the first satellite to be used for radio astronomy, although the Canadian satellite Alouette 1 was launched 1962 and also did similar radio astronomy observations.

## Launch and mission parameters

The launch of Ariel 2 was conducted by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration, using a Scout X-3 rocket. The launch occurred at 17:25:23 GMT on 27 March 1964, from Launch Area 3 at the Wallops Flight Facility. Ariel 2 was placed into a low Earth orbit, with a perigee of 289 kilometres (180 mi), an apogee of 1,343 kilometres (835 mi), 51.6 degrees of inclination and an orbital period of 101.2 minutes as of 3 May 1964. It ceased operations in November 1964, and subsequently decayed from orbit on 18 November 1967.

## Contributions to galactic radio astronomy

One of the major scientific focuses of the Ariel 2 mission was to characterize galactic radio emissions at frequencies below 10 MHz. Such frequencies are difficult to observe from Earth due to the influence of the ionosphere.
It was known that a non-directional antenna operating at frequencies below 10 MHz would be sensitive to galactic radio sources, with only a small contribution due to other sources. The Ariel 2 satellite had a 40m non-directional antenna that was essentially a long wire that was unreeled from a drum in the satellite after being placed into orbit. In order to remove the effects of Earth-based radio waves, the antenna was tuned to detect frequencies between 0.7 and 3.5 MHz. This choice was not arbitrary. The ionosphere effectively blocks radio waves below 4 MHz. This is both a problem for Earth-bound radioastronomers (who cannot observe radio waves below 4 MHz) and a benefit for space-based observatories (which are not subject to noise at frequencies above 4 MHz).
The observations were processed to determine the mean sky brightness in Ariel 2's preferred frequency band.

## Telemetry and data storage/transmission

Ariel 2 could transmit data at 55 samples per second when in range of a ground station. Data transmitted in this way included operating voltages and engineering data as well as science data. Due to the need to share the channel between multiple experiments and the engineering data itself, different data were allocated different sample rates. For example, the galactic radio astronomy data was sampled at a rate of 1 sample every 75ms during times when the high-speed transmission was possible.
In addition, the satellite had an on-board tape recorder, which was shared between experiments. The tape recorder was only able to sample at 1 sample per second. The tape recorder data was downloaded using the high speed transmission channel when the satellite was in range of a ground station.
# Bayerischer Defiliermarsch

"Bayerischer Defiliermarsch", Armeemarschsammlung II, 146, is a well-known military march of the 19th century, composed by Adolf Scherzer[de] in Ingolstadt sometime in 1850.

## History

It started as a march for a regiment in Ingolstadt but gained popularity in the Austro-Prussian War and Franco-Prussian War. It is said that Ludwig II of Bavaria himself decided to raise the march as official Bayerischen Avancier- und Defiliermarsch during military parades. It is a household name and still a very well known symbol of the Free State of Bavaria and together with the Bayernhymne part of its national symbols. The march is being played during events and appearances of the Bavarian head of states, political contenders and instead of Preußens Gloria at official state visits in Bavaria. Luchino Visconti's film about Ludwig II uses the music during the coronation festivities. The "Defiliermarsch" was played during the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich and as well as German contribution to the inauguration of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
Due to its tremendous popularity among Bavarians, it is widely regarded the country's "secret anthem".
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# Herbert Douglas Anthony

Herbert Douglas Anthony ("H. Douglas Anthony") M.A., B.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.A.S., Lieut.-Colonel R.A.E.C., Chief Inspector of Army Education. ('b'. Fulham, 24 June 1892 – 10 June 1968) was an English mathematician, the headmaster of Elmfield College and of Kilburn Grammar School.
Anthony attended Latymer Upper School and was an open mathematics scholar at Queens' College, Cambridge. In the First World War, he served in the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment and the Royal Engineers. After the war, he became a Wesleyan minister, and taught mathematics at Richmond College (part of London University) and then Westminster College, London, which trained teachers. He became headmaster of Elmfield, near York, England, in 1929, and was later headmaster of the Kilburn Grammar School in London. After serving in the army again during the Second World War, he was promoted to Colonel and became Chief Inspector of Army Education at the War Office.
He wrote several books.
He left Elmfield in contentious circumstances - see his letter to the Yorkshire Herald (newspaper) on Saturday 2 April 1932 and reference in Elmfield archives. ["'Item 7.12: 4 April 1932: Letter to J.T.Lancaster. From (L.E.Legg)? of East Parade Chambers, Leeds.: Re Dr Anthony’s letter to the “York Herald” of the previous Saturday. Unfortunate lack of understanding between Dr Workman and Dr Anthony. The latter was not criticising the Governors of Ashville and “we cannot take exception”.
Dr Anthony talked about his assistant masters preparing to do their best for the boys the next term and they would attend Ashville after the midsummer term.
The writer said that the Headmaster of a Methodist school in a rather delicate position in dealing with the Headmaster of Archbishop Holgate’s Grammar School for a transfer of day boys as there is supposed to be a material difference between a school run in the interests of non-conformity and another that is part and parcel of the activities of an established church. Education matters not dealt with last week at the Union Committee because of the unfortunate accident to Dr Workman.']

## Publications

* Anthony, Herbert Douglas. 1927. Relativity and Religion. An Inquiry into the Implications of the Theory of Relativity with Respect to Religious Thought, Etc.
* ———. 1948. Science and Its Background. London : Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 1948. (Pp. x + 304, illustrated.)
* ———. 1961. Sir Isaac Newton. Collier.