OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Andreas Grenstad

Andreas Nilsen Grenstad (1821-1895) was a Norwegian architect who was best known for the churches that he designed. His nickname was Anders Kirkebygger (Andreas the church-builder).
Grenstad was born on the Grendstad farm in what was Klæbu Municipality in Søndre Trøndhjems county in 1821. As an adult, he lived mostly in and around Mosjøen in Vefsn Municipality.
During the second half of the 19th century, Grenstad established himself as an architect and builder. His sons helped him with his business as well. The family had a sawmill as well as a boat building side business. They would often use the boats they built to go fishing in the Lofoten area. In 1860, he was one of the founders of a bank in Mosjøen. For a time around 1865, Grenstad was also a local politician who fought for farmers' rights.
In 1951 during the restoration work of Valberg Church, a letter was found under the floor that was written by Grenstad. It read: "This church is built by Andreas Grenstad from Vefsn, Mosjøen, in the year of 1888, when it also was finished. Two of his sons participated in the work. This is the 8th church built by me, in addition to 7 others I have contributed to. Fifteen churches in my time in total. Now I will be 67 years old later this month. Andreas Grenstad is born on the farm Grenstad in Klæbu."

## Name

Spellings in 19th century Norway were not formalized and historical records can vary with spellings of his name. His last name may vary between Grenstad, Grendestad, Grendstad, or Grinstad. His first name varies as well with spellings of Andreas, Anders, or Nils (a short form of his patronymic name).

## Works

Grenstad is known to have designed nine churches in northern Norway:
* Grane Church (1860)
* Mo Church (1860)
* Korgen Church (1863)
* Vevelstad Church (1871)
* Stamnæs Church (1881)
* Drevja Church (1883)
* Rødøy Church (1885)
* Valberg Church (1889)
* Nevernes Church (1893)
# HMS Selene

HMS Selene was a S-class submarine of the third batch built for the Royal Navy during World War II. She survived the war and was sold for scrap in 1961.

## Design and description

The last 17 boats of the third batch were significantly modified from the earlier boats. They had a stronger hull, carried more fuel and their armament was revised. The submarines had a length of 217 feet (66.1 m) overall, a beam of 23 feet 9 inches (7.2 m) and a draft of 14 feet 1 inch (4.3 m). They displaced 814 long tons (827 t) on the surface and 990 long tons (1,010 t) submerged. The S-class submarines had a crew of 48 officers and ratings. They had a diving depth of 350 feet (106.7 m).
For surface running, the boats were powered by two 950-brake-horsepower (708 kW) diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 650-horsepower (485 kW) electric motor. They could reach 14.75 knots (27.32 km/h; 16.97 mph) on the surface and 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) underwater. On the surface, the third batch boats had a range of 7,500 nautical miles (13,900 km; 8,600 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) and 120 nmi (220 km; 140 mi) at 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) submerged.
Selene was armed with six 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in the bow. She carried six reload torpedoes for a total of a dozen torpedoes. Twelve mines could be carried in lieu of the torpedoes. The boat was also equipped with a 4-inch (102 mm) deck gun.

## Construction and career

HMS Selene built by Cammell Laird & Co Limited, Birkenhead and launched on 24 April 1944. So far it has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name Selene. The boat spent most of the Second World War serving in the Far East, where it was used to sink five Japanese sailing vessels and three coasters, and damage another sailing vessel and coaster. It survived the war and in the early 1950s was modified to become a fast unarmed underwater target to train anti-submarine personnel. Its torpedo tubes were covered to streamline its hull, and the three external tubes (two bow, one stern) were removed, as was the gun. Its bridge superstructure was reduced to little more than a blister with a small cockpit in it, and it had only a single periscope. It operated with the Second Submarine Squadron at Portland throughout the 1950s. It was sold, arriving at Gateshead on 6 June 1961 for breaking up.
# Cherepakha Islet

Cherepakha or Cherepashka (literally "The Turtle") was a small artificial islet, which was man-made on a sand bank in the Gulf of Taganrog on Azov Sea in about 2 kilometers from the Taganrog Fortress. Its sole purpose was to support the fortification with cannons thus creating additional defense for the Azov Flotilla.

## History

The islet was built by the personal order of Peter the Great in 1701-1706 of rock fill held by oak piles. It was oval-shaped and measured 59 by 38 meters. There was a citadel, which had an area of 1200 square meters with 127 cannons. In the middle stood a wooden izba for garrison, which was later replaced by a stone building. The part of the islet above water level was covered with white limestones. The name Cherepakha (the Turtle) is due to the many seashells laid in its foundation when the sand bank was being raised.
After a defeat suffered by Russian troops from Ottoman Empire during Pruth River Campaign, the Russian tsar had to sign Treaty of the Pruth, returning Azov to Turkey and destroying both Taganrog Fortress and Cherepakha Islet. On September 19, 1711 by the order of Peter the Great, Taganrog was demolished and in February 1712 Russian troops left the town.
After the next Russo-Turkish war, the Treaty of Niš was signed stipulating the return of the territory to Russia but without the right to reconstruct the Taganrog Fortress. In 1746 a Russian customs post was established on the cape Tagan-Rog and a patrol was placed on Cherepakha Islet.
In the late 18th century the city of Taganrog lost its military and strategic importance and the citadel was not reconstructed. In 1776 a temporary quarantine control was established on the islet.
In 1845 a wooden lighthouse was mounted on Cherepakha, which was in its turn replaced by a metal lighthouse in 1894.
In the present days, when the tide is low and blows East wind, the islet emerges from the water. It is known to be one of the favorite fishing spots in the Gulf of Taganrog. During the latest examination of islet in 1981, the remains of old oak piles were still present.
In November 1992 the islet was entered into the Rostov Oblast's register of protected architectural monuments.
# Tibetan Annals

The Tibetan Annals or Old Tibetan Annals (OTA) are composed of two manuscripts written in Old Tibetan language found in the early 20th century in the "hidden library" in the Mogao Grottoes near Dunhuang in northwestern Gansu province, Western China, which is believed to have been sealed in the 11th century CE. They form Tibet's earliest extant history.
The two manuscripts are known as the "civil" and "military" versions of the Annals. The "civil" version is designated IOL Tib J 750 in the British Library in London and Pelliot tibétain 1288 in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris; both are originally from the same original roll, 4.34 metres long and 0.258 metres wide. The "civil" version covers the years 650–748 with some gaps. The "military" version is designated Or.8212/187 and is also held at the British Library. This version is much shorter and covers the years 743–765 with some gaps.

## Discovery

An enormous number of early manuscripts in a variety of languages were collected by A. Stein and P. Pelliot at the famous sealed-up Library Cave (no. 17) of the Mogao Grottoes and sent back to London and Paris respectively. Among these Dunhuang manuscripts, The Tibetan Annals (or "Tibet’s First History") were found along with the "Old Tibetan Chronicle", which was probably compiled between 800 and 840 CE.

## Contents

The Annals begin with a very brief account of the early events of the reign of Songtsen Gampo, the first Tibetan Emperor. From the time the Chinese Princess Wencheng arrived in 643 CE until Songtsen Gampo's death in 650 it is possible to accurately date the entries. It then gives a dated, year-by-year précis of important events from 650 to 764 CE. For example, in 763 CE, Tibetan soldiers captured the Chinese capital of Chang'an for fifteen days when the ruling Tang dynasty was recovering from the An Lushan Rebellion. Of course, annals continued to be recorded after this date but, unfortunately, only one or two other minor fragments have survived. The Tibetan cyclic system dates are in much-faded red ink.
These accounts, generally accepted as sober court records, provide a priceless view of Tibet in its early phase of expansion and establishment as a powerful empire. They also provide a valuable way of checking and dating events mentioned in later Tibetan and Chinese historical records.
Neither the Annals nor the Chronicle make any mention of Buddhism in the reign of Songtsen Gampo.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Dotson (2009), p. 9.
* ↑ Dotson (2009), p. 14
* ↑ Bacot, Thomas and Toussaint. (1940-1946), pp. 9–12.
* 1 2 Dotson 2009, p. 15
* ↑ "Foreword by Per Sørensen in (Dotson (2009), p. 1.)
* ↑ Beckwith (1987), p. 146.
* ↑ Stein (1972), p. 65.
* ↑ Dotson (2009), pp. 12-13, 136-137.
* ↑ Bacot, Thomas and Toussaint. (1940-1946), p. 9.
* ↑ Choephel. (1978), pp. 44-46.
* ↑ "Preface to the Asianart.com edition of this article." By Amy Heller, Jan 21, 2007.
# Luisa Cifarelli

Luisa Cifarelli FInstP (born 11 June 1952) is a Professor of Experimental Particle Physics at the University of Bologna. She is the Director of the La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento.

## Early life and education

Cifarelli was born in Rome in 1952, daughter of Michele Cifarelli, an Italian politician and magistrate. She studied physics at the University of Bologna and graduated in 1975. She worked as a researcher in at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and CERN. She edited the collection of scientific studies for the publication QCD at 200 TeV. In 1988 she was made an associate professor at L'Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II.

## Career

Cifarelli was appointed full Professor at the University of Pisa in 1991. She moved to the University of Salerno in 1993. She works at CERN, the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, DESY and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. She has been involved in the design and construction of the ALICE experiment, which studies proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions at extreme energies. She was made Head of the ALICE Data Analysis and Simulation Group in 2000. She served as Deputy Chairperson of the time of flight experiment at ALICE. She used the ALICE experiment to study quark-gluon interactions. She coordinates the Extreme Energy Events experiments, which uses muon detectors in high schools around Italy to study cosmic swarms. She serves on the DarkSide project; a 20 tonne Two-Phase LAr TPC for Direct Dark Matter Detection at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso.
In 2008, Cifarelli was the first woman to be made President of the Italian Physical Society in 2008. That year she was also elected as a Fellow of the Institute of Physics. In 2011 she was appointed President of the European Physical Society. Cifarelli was the first woman to be elected president of the European Physical Society. She was made President of the Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research. She has spoken about the life of Enrico Fermi extensively. Cifarelli has acted as editor of the European Physical Journal. She serves on the editorial board of Elsevier's Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research.
# Infantry Division Scharnhorst

The Infantry Division Scharnhorst (German: Infanterie-Division Scharnhorst) was an infantry division of the German Wehrmacht during World War II. It was formed in late March 1945 as one of the last new divisions of the Wehrmacht before the end of the war.
The division was named after Prussian military reformer and army general Gerhard von Scharnhorst (1755–1813).

## History

The Infantry Division Scharnhorst was formed on 30 March 1945 in the Dessau area in Wehrkreis XI as part of the 35th (and last) draft wave. It was formed from high school students throughout Wehrkreis XI, as well as remnants of the 167th Infantry Division and the 340th Infantry Division.$^{:224}$ After Infantry Division Potsdam was beaten in the Harz mountains by 18 April, a weak leftover regiment joined Infantry Division Scharnhorst as a fusilier battalion.$^{:199f.}$
The division's commander was Heinrich Götz. The division was first deployed in combat on 12 April near Barby against U.S. Army forces and was then deployed against the Red Army as part of the 12th Army near Beelitz on 26 April. The Infantry Division Scharnhorst was captured by American forces in Tangermünde on 2 May 1945.$^{:224}$

## Noteworthy individuals

* Heinrich Götz, divisional commander.
# The Nashville A-Team

The Nashville A-Team was a nickname given to a group of session musicians in Nashville, Tennessee, who earned wide acclaim in the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s, similar to their West Coast counterpart who became known (after the fact) as the Wrecking Crew. Some members of the Nashville A-Team were also subsequently or previously members of the Wrecking Crew. They backed dozens of popular singers, including Elvis Presley, Eddy Arnold, Patsy Cline, Jim Reeves, Bob Dylan, Moon Mullican, Jerry Lee Lewis, Brenda Lee, and others.
The Nashville A-Team's members typically had backgrounds in country music but were highly versatile. Examples of their jazz inclinations can be found in the Nashville All-Stars album with Chet Atkins titled After the Riot at Newport, the Hank Garland LP entitled Velvet Guitar, Tupper Saussy's Said I to Shostakovitch, Kai Winding's Modern Country, Gary Burton's Tennessee Firebird and Chester and Lester by Chet Atkins and Les Paul. The progressive country band Area Code 615 was composed almost entirely of members of the Nashville A-Team.
In 2007, The Nashville A-Team was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville. That year's inductees included Harold Bradley, Floyd Cramer, Pete Drake, Ray Edenton, Hank Garland, Buddy Harman, Tommy Jackson, Grady Martin, Charlie McCoy, Bob Moore, Boots Randolph, Hargus "Pig" Robbins, and Jerry Kennedy.
Noteworthy also is the fact that many A-Team members went on to have solo careers of their own.

## Members

Notable members of "The Nashville A-Team" included:
* Bassists: Bob Moore, Ernie Newton, Henry Strzelecki, Roy Madison `Junior' Huskey, Joe Zinkan, Norbert Putnam, Floyd "Lightnin' " Chance, Joe Osborn
* Drummers: Buddy Harman, Jerry Carrigan, Farris Coursey, Doug Kirkham, Larrie Londin (1970s), Kenny Buttrey
* Keyboardists: Floyd Cramer, Hargus "Pig" Robbins, Owen Bradley, Bill Pursell, David Briggs, Steve Nathan
* Guitarists: Chet Atkins, Grady Martin, Hank Garland, Ray Edenton (also mandolin, ukulele, and banjo), Harold Bradley, Velma Williams Smith, Paul Yandell, Pete Wade, Jerry Kennedy, Norman Blake, Jimmy Capps, Spider Wilson, Fred Carter Jr., Billy Sanford, Joe South, Wayne Moss, Jimmy Colvard, Chip Young
* Fiddle: Tommy Jackson, Johnny Gimble, Buddy Spicher, Dale Potter, Vassar Clements, Brenton Banks
* Steel guitar: Pete Drake, Jerry Byrd, Buddy Emmons, Ralph Mooney, Lloyd Green, Shot Jackson, Jerry Kennedy, Maurice Anderson, Hal Rugg, Weldon Myrick, Little Roy Wiggins, Walter Haynes
* Banjo: Earl Scruggs, Buck Trent, Sonny Osborne, Bobby Thompson
* Mandolin: Jethro Burns
* Saxophone: Boots Randolph
* Percussion: Farrell Morris, Sam Bacco
* Harmonica: Charlie McCoy (also keyboards, brass, percussion and guitar), Jimmy Riddle
* Harp: Mary Alice Hoepfinger
* Backing singers: The Jordanaires, The Anita Kerr Singers, The Nashville Edition
# Brierdene

Brierdene or Brier Dene is a small valley through which the Brierdene Burn flows down to its mouth at Whitley Bay. The valley was partly occupied by a coal mine in the past of which very little is now visible. Part of the valley is now the Brierdene Community Green Space and the Brierdene Wildlife Site. The site is now home to more than 1000 identified organisms and includes an ecologically diverse meadow and is a designated Site of Nature Conservation Importance. Much of work of transforming the valley into a wildlife refuge was undertaken by a voluntary group - the Friends of Brierdene. This work earned them a Queens Award for Voluntary Service.
The name Brierdene was also used for a railway station built in 1914 but which was never brought into use.
In April 2016 a new housing development at Backworth was started and adopted the name of Brierdene.
# Georgeta Stoleriu

Georgeta Stoleriu (born 19 January 1946) is a Romanian soprano who has had a career in opera and as a music educator. She has won numerous singing awards and medals, and her students have received multiple honors. She established the Yolanda Marculescu Scholarship in honor of her former teacher. She has also served as an international juror for singing competitions.

## Early life and education

Georgeta Stoleriu was born on 19 January 1946 in Bucharest and began studying music at an early age. She entered her first competition in 1953 and took first prize in the Youth Festival of Bucharest. She primarily studied piano at the Dinu Lipatti Music High School, but decided to change to voice when she was nineteen. Stoleriu attended the Conservatory of Bucharest, studying under Yolanda Marculescu and graduating in 1970. She then enrolled in 1974 at the Hochschule für Musik Franz Liszt, Weimar, studying with Lore Fischer. Completing her education in 1979, Stoleriu's career focused on interpreting symphonic and chamber music, with a preference for early music, though her repertoire includes a broad range encompassing contemporary composers.

## Career

Stoleriu has performed numerous concerts both at home and abroad. She has performed as a soloist on Radio Romania and with the National Radio Orchestra, with 3500 minutes of airtime. She was the soloist of "Musica Rediviva" for 20 years. Internationally, she has toured and performed in festivals in Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Morocco, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States, and Yugoslavia. Stoleriu has performed for four decades and served as a juror in international competitions including such venues as 1986 International Singing Competition "Springtime in Prague", the 2003 International George Enescu Competition in Bucharest, and the 2007 International Vocal Competition in Malmö, Sweden.
She began teaching in the early 1980s at Dinu Lipatti High School, and later became a visiting associate teacher in voice at the National University of Music Bucharest. She has taught master courses in the Czech Republic, Romania, and the United States; taught at the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre in Vilnius in 2004; and has run a studio for the study of early music for many years. Her students have accumulated over 50 international voice awards.
In 1995, as a tribute to her former teacher and mentor, Stoleriu established the Yolanda Marculescu Scholarship to recognize an outstanding student from the National University of Music Bucharest, but never her own students. The scholarship is worth approximately 500 euro. Over time, some of Stoleriu's own students have contributed to the scholarship tradition by awarding Stoleriu's students.
# Lindolfo (footballer)

Lindolfo Mário de Pádua Melo (14 March 1930 – 5 October 2012), simply known as Lindolfo, was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Career

Lindolfo began his career as a goalkeeper playing for Ferroviária Assisense amateurs. In 1949, he was hired by AA São Bento de Marília, where he remained until 1951, when he was acquired by Portuguesa de Desportos. Despite his short stature, he stood out for his power, being Portuguesa's goalkeeper in winning the 1952 Rio-São Paulo Tournament. He later lost the competition to goalkeeper Muca, remaining at Portuguesa as a reserve until 1956, when he retired from football. Lindolfo was also a weightlifter, combining practice with his career, which guaranteed him a body distinct from other players of the period.

## Honours
### Portuguesa

* Torneio Rio-São Paulo: 1952, 1955
* Fita Azul [pt]: 1951, 1953, 1954
# Quni, Iran

Quni (Persian: قوني, also Romanized as Qūnī; also known as Gūnī; in Armenian: Կունի) is a village in Sumay-ye Shomali Rural District, Sumay-ye Beradust District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 898, in 140 families.
# Aakhir Bahu Bhi Toh Beti Hee Hai

Aakhir Bahu Bhi Toh Beti Hee Hai (transl. A daughter-in-law is after all a daughter) is an Indian television drama series which premiered on 30 September 2013 on Sahara One. Produced by Pradeep Mishra, the series stars Payal Rajput and Prachee Pathak.

## Overview

The story focuses on the evolving relationship between a daughter-in-law, Siya (played by Payal Rajput) and mother-in-law, Naulakha Devi.

## Cast

* Payal Rajput as Siya
* Aryan Pandit as Samar
* Prachee Pathak as Naulakha Devi
* Sangam Rai as Prabhat
# Reginald Robert Laird

Reginald Robert Laird (August 6, 1913 – November 29, 1970) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1945 to 1949 from the electoral district of Similkameen, a member of the Coalition government.
# Peters's pipistrelle

The Peters's pipistrelle (Hypsugo petersi) is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
Formerly classified in the genus Falsistrellus, phylogenetic evidence supports it belonging to the genus Hypsugo.
# XXII Corps (United States)

U.S. Corps (1939–present) :
| Previous | Next |
| XXI Corps | XXIII Corps |
The XXII Corps was a corps of the United States Army during World War II and the Cold War. Its lineage was assigned to II Field Force, Vietnam, during the Vietnam War.

## Lineage

Constituted 9 January 1944 in the Army of the United States as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, XXII Corps. Activated 15 January 1944 at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. Inactivated 20 January 1946 in Germany. Allotted 12 July 1950 to the Regular Army. Redesignated 5 January 1966 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, II Field Force. Activated 10 January 1966 at Fort Hood, Texas. Redesignated 15 March 1966 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, II Field Force, Vietnam. Inactivated 3 May 1971 at Fort Hood, Texas. Redesignated 2 September 1982 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, XXII Corps.

## Commanders

* Major General Henry Terrell, Jr. (15 January 1944 – November 1944)
* Major General Ernest N. Harmon (23 January 1945 – 10 January 1946)

### Chiefs of Staff

* Brigadier General Charles Herbert Karlstad (1944−1945)
* Brigadier General Samuel Tankersley Williams (February 1945−January 1946)

## Campaign participation
### World War II

* Rhineland
* Central Europe

### Vietnam

* Counteroffensive
* Counteroffensive, Phase II
* Counteroffensive, Phase III
* Tet Counteroffensive
* Counteroffensive, Phase IV
* Counteroffensive, Phase V
* Counteroffensive, Phase VI
* Tet 69/Counteroffensive
* Summer-Fall 1969
* Winter-Spring 1970
* Counteroffensive, Phase VII