# 1832–33 United States Senate elections

The 1832–33 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1832 and 1833, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
The Anti-Jacksonian coalition assumed control of the Senate from the Jacksonian coalition, despite Andrew Jackson's victory in the 1832 presidential election.

## Change in composition
### Before the elections

After the January 3, 1832 special election in Indiana.
| | | | | | | NR$_1$ | NR$_2$ | NR$_3$ | NR$_4$ |
| NR$_{14}$ | NR$_{13}$ | NR$_{12}$ | NR$_{11}$ | NR$_{10}$ | NR$_9$ | NR$_8$ | NR$_7$ | NR$_6$ | NR$_5$ |
| NR$_{15}$ | NR$_{16}$ Conn. Ran | NR$_{17}$ Del. Ran | NR$_{18}$ Mass. Ran | NR$_{19}$ R.I. Ran | NR$_{20}$ Maine Retired | NR$_{21}$ Ohio Retired | NR$_{22}$ Vt. Retired | N$_1$ S.C. Hold | N$_2$ |
| Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) → | Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) → | Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) → | Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) → | Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) → | Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) → | Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) → | Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) → | Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) → | J$_{24}$ Pa. Retired |
| J$_{15}$ | J$_{16}$ Ind. Ran | J$_{17}$ Mo. Ran | J$_{18}$ Tenn. Ran | J$_{19}$ Va. Ran | J$_{20}$ Md. Unknown | J$_{21}$ Miss. Unknown | J$_{22}$ N.J. Unknown | J$_{23}$ N.Y. Unknown | J$_{24}$ Pa. Retired |
| J$_{14}$ | J$_{13}$ | J$_{12}$ | J$_{11}$ | J$_{10}$ | J$_9$ | J$_8$ | J$_7$ | J$_6$ | J$_5$ |
| | | | | | | J$_1$ N.Y. Hold | J$_2$ Va. Hold | J$_3$ | J$_4$ |

### As a result of the regular elections

| | | | | | | NR$_1$ | NR$_2$ | NR$_3$ | NR$_4$ |
| NR$_{14}$ | NR$_{13}$ | NR$_{12}$ | NR$_{11}$ | NR$_{10}$ | NR$_9$ | NR$_8$ | NR$_7$ | NR$_6$ | NR$_5$ |
| NR$_{15}$ | NR$_{16}$ Del. Re-elected | NR$_{17}$ Mass. Re-elected | NR$_{18}$ R.I. Re-elected | NR$_{19}$ Conn. Hold | NR$_{20}$ Vt. Hold | NR$_{21}$ Md. Gain | NR$_{22}$ N.J. Gain | NR$_{23}$ Va. Gain | N$_1$ |
| Plurality ↑ | Plurality ↑ | Plurality ↑ | Plurality ↑ | Plurality ↑ | Plurality ↑ | Plurality ↑ | Plurality ↑ | Plurality ↑ | N$_2$ |
| J$_{15}$ | J$_{16}$ Ind. Re-elected | J$_{17}$ Mo. Re-elected | J$_{18}$ Tenn. Re-elected | J$_{19}$ N.Y. Hold | J$_{20}$ Maine Gain | J$_{21}$ Ohio Gain | V$_1$ Miss. J Loss | V$_2$ Pa. J Loss | N$_2$ |
| J$_{14}$ | J$_{13}$ | J$_{12}$ | J$_{11}$ | J$_{10}$ | J$_9$ | J$_8$ | J$_7$ | J$_6$ | J$_5$ |
| | | | | | | J$_1$ | J$_2$ | J$_3$ | J$_4$ |

### At the beginning of the first session, December 2, 1833

| | | | | | | NR$_1$ | NR$_2$ | NR$_3$ | NR$_4$ |
| NR$_{14}$ Ala. Gain | NR$_{13}$ | NR$_{12}$ | NR$_{11}$ | NR$_{10}$ | NR$_9$ | NR$_8$ | NR$_7$ | NR$_6$ | NR$_5$ |
| NR$_{15}$ N.C. Gain | NR$_{16}$ | NR$_{17}$ | NR$_{18}$ | NR$_{19}$ | NR$_{20}$ | NR$_{21}$ | NR$_{22}$ | NR$_{23}$ | NR$_{24}$ |
| Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | NR$_{25}$ |
| J$_{15}$ Ga. Hold | J$_{16}$ | J$_{17}$ | J$_{18}$ | J$_{19}$ | V$_1$ | N$_2$ S.C. Hold | N$_1$ | NR$_{26}$ Miss. Gain | NR$_{25}$ |
| J$_{14}$ | J$_{13}$ | J$_{12}$ | J$_{11}$ | J$_{10}$ | J$_9$ | J$_8$ | J$_7$ | J$_6$ | J$_5$ |
| | | | | | | J$_1$ | J$_2$ | J$_3$ | J$_4$ |
| Key: | NR$_#$ = Anti-Jacksonian J$_#$ = Jacksonian N$_#$ = Nullfier V$_#$ = Vacant |

## Race summaries
### Special elections during the 22nd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1832 or before March 4, 1833; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Indiana (Class 1) | Robert Hanna | National Republican | 1831 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired when elected successor qualified. New senator elected January 3, 1832. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y John Tipton (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Virginia (Class 2) | Littleton Waller Tazewell | Jacksonian | 1824 (special) 1829 | Incumbent resigned July 16, 1832. New senator elected December 10, 1832. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y William C. Rives (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| South Carolina (Class 2) | Robert Y. Hayne | Nullifier | 1822 1828 | Incumbent resigned December 13, 1832 to become Governor of South Carolina. New senator elected December 29, 1832. Nullifier hold. | ▌Y John C. Calhoun (Nullifier) [data missing] |
| New York (Class 3) | William L. Marcy | Jacksonian | 1831 | Incumbent resigned January 1, 1833 to become Governor of New York. New senator elected January 4, 1833. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Silas Wright (Jacksonian) ▌John C. Spencer (Anti-Masonic) ▌James Burt (Unknown) ▌Gerrit Smith (Abolitionist) ▌James Kent (Unknown) ▌Albert Gallatin (Unknown) ▌Gideon Hawley (Unknown) ▌John Birdsall (Anti-Masonic) ▌Myron Holley (Unknown) ▌William Thompson (Unknown) ▌Albert H. Tracy (Anti-Masonic) ▌Samuel A. Foot (Unknown) |

### Races leading to the 23rd Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1833; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Connecticut | Samuel A. Foot | National Republican | 1826 | Incumbent lost re-election, and was then elected to the U.S. House of Representatives instead. New senator elected in 1832. National Republican hold. | ▌Y Nathan Smith (National Republican) [data missing] |
| Delaware | Arnold Naudain | National Republican | 1830 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1832. | ▌Y Arnold Naudain (National Republican) [data missing] |
| Indiana | John Tipton | Jacksonian | 1832 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1832. | ▌Y John Tipton (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Maine | John Holmes | National Republican | 1820 (special) 1820 1826 (retired or lost) 1829 (special) | Incumbent retired. Winner elected January 23, 1833. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Ether Shepley (Jacksonian) 61.5% ▌Simon Greenleaf (National Republican) 35.0% ▌William Pitt Preble (Jacksonian) 1.5% ▌Isaac Isley (Unknown) 1.5% ▌Arthur Ware (Unknown) 0.5% |
| Maryland | Samuel Smith | Jacksonian | 1802 1809 1815 (lost) 1822 (special) 1827 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1833. National Republican gain. | ▌Y Joseph Kent (National Republican) [data missing] |
| Massachusetts | Daniel Webster | National Republican | 1827 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1833. | ▌Y Daniel Webster (National Republican) [data missing] |
| Mississippi | John Black | Jacksonian | 1832 (Appointed) | Legislature failed to elect. Jacksonian loss. Incumbent would later be elected as an National Republican; see below. | [data missing] |
| Missouri | Thomas H. Benton | Jacksonian | 1821 1827 | Incumbent re-elected in 1833. | ▌Y Thomas H. Benton (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| New Jersey | Mahlon Dickerson | Jacksonian | 1817 1823 1829 (resigned) 1829 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1833. National Republican gain. | ▌Y Samuel L. Southard (National Republican) [data missing] |
| New York | Charles E. Dudley | Jacksonian | 1829 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1833. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Nathaniel P. Tallmadge (Jacksonian) ▌Francis Granger (Anti-Masonic) ▌Benjamin Butler (Jacksonian) |
| Ohio | Benjamin Ruggles | National Republican | 1815 1821 1827 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1833. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Thomas Morris (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Pennsylvania | George M. Dallas | Jacksonian | 1831 (special) | Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Jacksonian loss. | ▌Samuel McKean (Jacksonian) ▌William Clark (Anti-Masonic) ▌Thomas H. Crawford (Jacksonian) ▌James Buchanan (Jacksonian) ▌Garrick Mallery (National Republican) ▌Adam King (Jacksonian) |
| Rhode Island | Asher Robbins | National Republican | 1825 (special) 1827 | Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1833. | ▌Y Asher Robbins (National Republican) 41 ▌Elisha Reynolds Potter (Unknown) 25 ▌Dutee J. Pearce (Anti-Masonic) 12 |
| Tennessee | Felix Grundy | Jacksonian | 1829 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1833. | ▌Y Felix Grundy (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Vermont | Horatio Seymour | National Republican | 1821 1827 | Incumbent retired to run for Vermont Governor. New senator elected in 1833. National Republican hold. | ▌Y Benjamin Swift (National Republican) [data missing] |
| Virginia | John Tyler | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected as a National Republican in 1833. National Republican gain. | ▌Y John Tyler (National Republican) [data missing] |

### Elections during the 23rd Congress

There were two late regular elections and two special elections, in which the winners were seated in 1833 after March 4. They are ordered here by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Georgia (Class 3) | George Troup | Jacksonian | 1816 (special) 1816 1818 (resigned) 1828 | Incumbent resigned November 8, 1833. Successor elected November 21, 1833. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y John Pendleton King (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Mississippi (Class 1) | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect and the seat was vacant from March 4, 1833. Incumbent Jacksonian appointee was then elected as an Anti-Jacksonian late November 22, 1833. National Republican gain. | ▌Y John Black (National Republican) [data missing] |
| South Carolina (Class 3) | Stephen D. Miller | Nullifier | 1830 | Incumbent resigned March 2, 1833 due to ill health. Successor elected November 26, 1833. Nullifier hold. | ▌Y William C. Preston (Nullifier) [data missing] |
| Pennsylvania (Class 1) | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Legislature had previously failed to elect. Successor elected late December 7, 1833. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Samuel McKean (Jacksonian) 55.64% ▌William Clark (Anti-Masonic) 21.05% ▌Thomas H. Crawford (Jacksonian) 14.29% ▌James Buchanan (Jacksonian) 3.76% ▌Garrick Mallery (National Republican) 2.26% ▌Adam King (Jacksonian) 0.75% Not voting 2.26% |

## Georgia (special)

Jacksonian George Troup resigned November 8, 1833 and Jacksonian John Pendleton King was elected November 21, 1833 to finish the term that would end March 3, 1835.

## Indiana

Class 1 Anti-Jacksonian senator James Noble died February 26, 1831, having served in office since statehood in 1816. Anti-Jacksonian Robert Hanna was appointed August 19, 1831 to serve until a special election, and Hanna did not run for the seat.

### Indiana (special)

On January 3, 1832, Jacksonian John Tipton was elected to finish Noble's term, ending March 3, 1833.

### Indiana (regular)

That same day, Jacksonian John Tipton was also elected to the next term, beginning March 4, 1833.

## Maryland

Joseph Kent won election over Samuel Smith by a margin of 41.86%, or 36 votes, for the Class 1 seat.

## Mississippi

Jacksonian senator Powhatan Ellis resigned July 16, 1832 to become a U.S. District Judge. The governor appointed Jacksonian John Black to finish the term. But when the term ended March 3, 1833, the legislature had failed to appoint a successor.
Black was eventually elected to the seat November 22, 1833, this time as an Anti-Jacksonian.

## New York
### New York (special)

William L. Marcy had been elected in 1831 to the class 3 seat. In November 1832, Marcy was elected Governor, and upon taking office resigned his Senate seat on January 1, 1833.
On January 4, 1833, Silas Wright Jr. was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate and was declared elected.
1833 United States Senate special election result :
| Candidate | Party | Senate (32 members) | Assembly (128 members) |
| Silas Wright Jr. | Jacksonian | 24 | 99 |
| John C. Spencer | Anti-Mason | 3 | 8 |
| James Burt | | 1 | 2 |
| Gerrit Smith | | 1 | 1 |
| James Kent | | | 4 |
| Albert Gallatin | | | 3 |
| Gideon Hawley | | | 3 |
| John Birdsall | Anti-Mason | | 1 |
| Myron Holley | | | 1 |
| William Thompson | | | 1 |
| Albert H. Tracy | Anti-Mason | | 1 |
| Samuel A. Foot | | | 1 |

### New York (regular)

For the regular election, Nathaniel P. Tallmadge received majorities in both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected. Due to the controversy about his eligibility, he received only very small majorities - one more than necessary in the Senate, and four more than necessary in the Assembly - although his party had large majorities in both houses of the Legislature.
1833 United States Senator election result :
| House | Jacksonian | Jacksonian | Anti-Mason/National Republican | Anti-Mason/National Republican | Jacksonian | Jacksonian |
| State Senate (32 members) | Nathaniel P. Tallmadge | 18 | Francis Granger | 6 | Benjamin F. Butler | 2 |
| State Assembly (128 members) | Nathaniel P. Tallmadge | 69 | Francis Granger | 25 | Benjamin F. Butler | 12 |

## Pennsylvania

The election was held on eleven separate dates from December 1832 to December 1833. On December 7, 1833, Samuel McKean was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on December 11, 1832, for the regularly scheduled Senate election for the term beginning on March 4, 1833. A total of thirty-six ballots were recorded. Ballots 1-17 were recorded on four separate dates (11th, 12th, 13th, 15th) in December 1832. Ballots 18-21 were recorded on two separate dates (9th and 10th) in January 1833. Ballots 22-29 were recorded on two separate dates (19th and 20th) in February 1833. The thirtieth ballot was recorded on March 12, 1833, followed by three additional ballots on April 2. Following the thirty-third ballot on April 2, the election convention adjourned sine die without electing a Senator.
Upon the expiration of incumbent George M. Dallas's term on March 4, 1833, the seat was vacated. It was vacant until the election convention of the General Assembly re-convened on December 7, 1833, and elected Jacksonian Samuel McKean to the seat after three additional ballots. The results of the third and final ballot (thirty-sixth ballot in total) of both houses combined during the December 7 session are as follows:
State Legislature Results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Jacksonian | Samuel McKean | 74 | 55.64 |
| | Anti-Masonic | William Clark | 28 | 21.05% |
| | Jacksonian | Thomas H. Crawford | 19 | 14.29% |
| | Jacksonian | James Buchanan | 5 | 3.76% |
| | Anti-Jacksonian | Garrick Mallery | 3 | 2.26% |
| | Jacksonian | Adam King | 1 | 0.75% |
| | N/A | Not voting | 3 | 2.26% |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | 133 | 100.00% |

## South Carolina (special)

There were two special elections to the U.S. Senate in South Carolina during this cycle.

### South Carolina (special, class 2)

The first election, on December 29, 1832, was to the class 2 seat held by Nullifier Robert Y. Hayne, who had resigned December 13, 1832 to become Governor of South Carolina. That election, for the term ending March 3, 1835, was won by Nullifier John C. Calhoun.

### South Carolina (special, class 3)

The second election, on November 25, 1833, was to the Class 3 seat held by Nullifier Stephen D. Miller, who had resigned March 2, 1833. That election, for the term ending March 3, 1837, was won by Nullifier William C. Preston.

## Virginia
### Virginia (special)

Incumbent Jacksonian senator Littleton Tazewell resigned July 16, 1832 to become Governor of Virginia. On December 10, 1832, Jacksonian William C. Rives was elected to finish the Class 2 seat's term ending March 3, 1837. He would only serve, however, until his February 22, 1834 resignation.

### Virginia (regular)

Incumbent senator (and future president), John Tyler was re-elected to the Class 1 seat in 1833, changing from Jacksonian to Anti-Jacksonian.