OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# No. 143 Squadron RAF

No. 143 Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force Squadron formed as a fighter unit in the First World War and reformed as an RAF Coastal Command fighter and anti-submarine unit in the Second World War.

## History
### Formation and the First World War

No. 143 Squadron Royal Flying Corps was formed on 1 March 1918 and became a unit of the Royal Air Force a month later, but it disbanded on 31 October 1919 having operated the Sopwith Camel and Sopwith Snipe.

### Reformation in the Second World War

The squadron reformed in June 1941 as a coastal command long range fighter unit based at RAF Aldergrove unit and equipped with the Bristol Beaufighter. It was then stationed in Scotland, Northern Ireland and East Anglia and employed on anti-shipping missions. It re-equipped with the de Havilland Mosquito and was disbanded on 25 May 1945.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by no. 143 Squadron RAF :
| From | To | Aircraft | Variant |
| Feb 1918 | Mar 1918 | Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8 | |
| Mar 1918 | Aug 1918 | Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 | A |
| Aug 1918 | Oct 1919 | Sopwith Camel | |
| Jun 1919 | Oct 1919 | Sopwith Snipe | |
| Jun 1941 | Nov 1941 | Bristol Beaufighter | IC |
| Nov 1941 | Nov 1941 | Bristol Blenheim | IV |
| Feb 1942 | Oct 1943 | Hawker Hurricane | IIB |
| Aug 1942 | Sep 1942 | Bristol Beaufighter | IC |
| Sep 1942 | Mar 1943 | Bristol Beaufighter | IIF |
| Mar 1943 | May 1944 | Bristol Beaufighter | XI |
| Sep 1943 | Oct 1944 | Bristol Beaufighter | X |
| Sep 1944 | Oct 1944 | de Havilland Mosquito | II |
| Oct 1944 | May 1945 | de Havilland Mosquito | VI |
# Kjarrá–Thervá River

The Kjarrá–Thervá River, located about 115 kilometers from Reykjavík in western Iceland, is a 64-kilometer glacial river known for its salmon fishing.
The upper river, closer to the glacier, is Kjarrá; the in-between is Örnólfsdalsá; the lower river, closer to the sea and "below the fence above Örnólfsdal," is Thervá (Icelandic: Þverá).
Kjarrá is a tributary of the glacial river Hvítá (Icelandic: Tvídægra), and has tributaries of its own: Litla-Thvera, Krókavatnsá, and Lambá. The river is part of the Borgarfjörður ecosystem.
Kjarrá and Thervá each have their own fishing lodge, "limited to seven rods each."
64°41′29″N 21°04′17″E﻿ / ﻿64.6915°N 21.0715°E﻿ / 64.6915; 21.0715
# Vitor Hugo dos Santos

Vítor Hugo Silva Mourão dos Santos (born 1 February 1996) is a Brazilian sprinter. He won a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay and a silver medal in the 200 metres at the 2012 South American Youth Championships in Athletics in Mendoza, Argentina.
# Rubicon Harvest

Rubicon Harvest is the debut novel from American author C. W. Kesting. Released in October 2008 through Wings ePress, Rubicon Harvest is available in both electronic format and trade paperback.
Rubicon Harvest is a science fiction adventure that offers a near-futuristic world in which the issues surrounding the utilization of embryonic stem cells have been long resolved and diseases like diabetes and Parkinson's have been completely eradicated through the Advanced Stem Cell Initiative. Technological breakthroughs in optical computer processing, human genomics, and the globalization of governments through corporate economics have thrust society into quantum leaps of forced adaptation.
# Gelali, Kermanshah

Gelali (Persian: گلالي, also Romanized as Gelālī) is a village in Baladarband Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 187, in 41 families.
# Manganese(II) chlorate

Manganese(II) chlorate is an unstable chemical compound with the formula Mn(ClO$_3$)$_2$. It is unstable even in dilute solution. As a hexahydrate, it is solid below −18°C. Above this it melts, to form an extremely explosive pink liquid.

## Preparation

Manganese(II) chlorate was produced by the reaction of manganese(II) sulfate and barium chlorate. The water was removed by boiling in vacuum. Then the temperature was lowered to -80°C which resulted in a pink solid. Then it was cleaned with liquid nitrogen and potassium hydroxide to remove the decomposition products.

## Properties

Manganese(II) chlorate forms the hexahydrate when solid, the water that cannot be removed. It decomposes above 6°C, to manganese(IV) oxide, chlorine dioxide, and water. In liquid form it is very viscous and extremely explosive. When heated to room temperature, it explodes with a sharp report.
# Nanedi Valles

The Nanedi Valles are a set of channels in a large valley in the Lunae Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at 4.9° N and 49.0° W. They are 508 km long and were named for the word for "planet" in Sesotho, the national language of Lesotho, Africa.
The Nanedi Valles are located between Shalbatana Vallis and the upper Maja Valles. They are 4 km wide at their northern end. Their valley's shape is similar to that of Nirgal Vallis, being very sinuous and having only a few short branches.
Unusually for Martian valleys, the individual channel structures within the wider valley floors can occasionally be seen in this system.

## Gallery

* Wide view of the Nanedi Valles, as seen by Viking 1 Orbiter
* Close view of the Nanedi Valles, as seen by Mars Global Surveyor (enlargement of the previous image). Arrow points to a small channel that formed after the main valley.
* Close-up of the Nanedi Valles, as seen by THEMIS (click on image to see more detail)
* Section of the Nanedi Valles, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program
* Portion of Nanedi Valles, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program Colored strip is about 1 Km across.
# Visarion Ljubiša

Visarion Ljubiša (Serbian: Висарион Љубиша; 28 February 1823 – 14 April 1884) was the Serbian Orthodox metropolitan bishop of Montenegro from 1882 to 1884.

## Early life and schooling

Stefan Ljubiša was born in the village of Sveti Stefan to the Paštrovići clan. He lost his father, who was a sailor like many of his compatriots, when he was only three. When he reached school age, his mother sent him to his grandfather, Abbot Savo Ljubiša, at the Praskvica monastery. He completed his primary education in a lay school in Risan and was then sent the Orthodox clerical school in Šibenik, which in 1841 was elevated to the rank of seminary during his studies there.
Visarion was first cousin of famous writer Stjepan Mitrov Ljubiša.

## In the church

After he finished his studies in 1844, he returned to Praskvica, where he became a monk and was consecrated as a priest. Subsequently, he served as a teacher in monastery schools (often the only existing schools in those days) in Praskvica, Podlastva, Podmaine, Reževići Monastery, and Savina (all in the littoral). In 1858, he was appointed priest and teacher in Perast. In 1867, he became the abbot of monastery Morača in Montenegro and two years later the abbot of the Cetinje Monastery (which was the seat of metropolitan) and professor to the newly opened seminary. From 1872 to 1875 he was the rector of the Cetinje Seminary. During the Montenegrin-Ottoman War (1876–78), he was appointed as military priest attached to the general staff. His dignified and brave behavior made it to the folk epic song. In 1876 he became the president of the newly founded Red Cross of Montenegro. From 1878 to 1882, he was the head of the Zahumsko-Raška eparchy, founded in the newly liberated territories of Montenegro. His seat was in Ostrog Monastery which he enlarged. His work as bishop was devoted and thorough; especially important was that Ljubiša introduced pedant church administration that he knew well from his earlier work in the Littoral.

### Metropolitan

After the death of Ilarion Roganović, and the administration of abbot Mitrofan Ban, on 6 December 1882, Ljubiša became the Metropolitan of Montenegro. About the same time, the Ministry of Education of Montenegro was formed and Ljubiša, as an experienced teacher and organizer, became its first administrator. He was also a member of the State Council. He died of tuberculosis in 1884 and was buried in the courtyard of Vlaška Church in Cetinje. He left his house on main street in Cetinje to the poor.
# William Higgins (high constable)

William Higgins was the first high constable of the Toronto Police Department, appointed as High Bailiff after Toronto's incorporation in 1834.
Higgins was appointed High Constable of the Home District in 1826, a position that included being inspector of police for York, Upper Canada at a salary of £40 a year. When the city of Toronto was incorporated in 1834, the new city council unanimously appointed Higgins as High Bailiff, including the responsibility of being city inspector, with a salary of £125 a year while remaining High Constable (as well as the only constable) for the region.
Higgins' term ended in scandal when he was implicated in the death of a man during election day anti-Tory rioting by largely disenfranchised Irish Catholic minority which was put down by a party of Protestant Orangemen, led by Higgins. Mayor William Lyon Mackenzie, in his role as chief magistrate, held a police court investigation and laid charges against Higgins. He was exonerated by the grand jury in April 1835 but, by that point city council had already chosen not to reappoint him.
He was subsequently appointed High Constable of York County and served for many years.
# Sar Godar, Jiroft

Sar Godar (Persian: سرگدار, also Romanized as Sar Godār) is a village in Dalfard Rural District, Sarduiyeh District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 7 families.
# Intercompany crossovers in comics

Intercompany crossovers in comic books consist of comics in which characters and other elements owned by one publisher appear together and interact with ones owned by another. Such occurrences within the medium of comics as opposed to other types of media are notable, given the regularity of canonical crossovers between characters and series under a single publisher, particularly in DC Comics and Marvel Comics, where they constantly affect mainstream continuity for the parties involved. As a result, intercompany comics crossovers are less common, and usually take the form of one-shots or miniseries that are not canonical to the history of the characters that are featured.
Notable crossovers between Marvel and DC include 1976's Superman vs. The Amazing Spider-Man, 1996's DC vs. Marvel, 2003's JLA/Avengers and the Amalgam Comics imprint, which featured original characters conceived as amalgamations of famous DC and Marvel characters. Examples of crossovers between the "big two" and smaller publishers include Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and Archie Meets the Punisher. Other collaborations between comic publishers might not consist of conventional crossovers and instead feature original characters or ones from other media, such as WildStorm (a subsidiary of DC Comics) and Dynamite Entertainment’s 2007 miniseries Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash.
# Samuel Sherwood (high constable)

Samuel Sherwood was High Constable of the Toronto Police Department from 1852 to 1859. A tavern owner with ties to the Tory Family Compact, his brother, Henry Sherwood was Mayor of Toronto and then Premier of Canada West in the 1840s. According to Conyngham Crawford Taylor, Samuel Sherwood was “a quiet, good-natured man, who did not insist on any strict regulations as to the dress or discipline of the men. They wore a uniform, but without uniformity, except in one respect—they were universally slovenly.” His stewardship of the police force was accordingly lax. Most officers were Orangemen, at a time when Toronto was riven by religious sectarianism between the more affluent Protestant majority and the poorer Catholic minority, and showed favouritism to other members of the Orange Order, even to the point of joining them in brawling with Catholics in the six major instances of sectarian rioting between 1852 and 1858. In March 1858, Sherwood himself refused to testify against a fellow Orangeman implicated in rioting at the St Patrick's Day parade.
Sherwood was appointed chief constable despite the fact that a provincial inquiry had implicated him in the 1841 election riot that followed his brother's electoral defeat that year. Sherwood had allegedly organized an armed gang inside the Coleraine Tavern which opened fire upon participants in the rival candidate's victory parade.
In 1858, Sherwood let the prime suspect in the robbery of the Bank of Upper Canada go free prompting the mayor, William Henry Boulton, to order an inquiry. Sherwood quarreled with Boulton in the press, accusing him of running a star chamber proceeding against him, resulting in Boulton recommending Sherwood's suspension to city council. Council voted 14 to 10 in favour of Sherwood resulting in Boulton resigning as mayor, though he ran in the subsequent election.
The scandal resulted in provincial legislation that required the appointment of an independent police board. The body, the Toronto Board of Police Commissioners was appointed in 1859 and fired Sherwood and the entire police force in order to replace them with a better trained, disciplined force.
Sherwood went on to be Toronto's harbour master.
# Willie Horace Thomas Tams

Willie Horace Thomas "Tiger" Tams (1891–1980) was a British entomologist.

## Biography

Tams was an assistant to John Stanley Gardiner at the University of Cambridge and joined the board of the Linnean Society of London in 1913. During World War I he served in the Canadian army. In 1920 he was appointed to the Natural History Museum in London as an assistant in the Entomology department. He took part in a voyage to the Gulf of Guinea (Percy Sladen and Godman Trusts expedition to the islands in the Gulf of Guinea) from October 1932 to March 1933. He also traveled to Madeira and the Seychelles. Tams published more than 70 articles on the taxonomy of lepidoptera, including articles on the Lasiocampidae. He was a member of the British Entomological and Natural History Society, an associate of the Linnean Society of London and was assistant editor of the Entomologist's Gazette.

## List of publications

* Tams, W.H.T., 1924a. II. Notes on some species of the genus Cosmophila Boisd.. - Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. pp. 20–24, Plates I.-III.
* Tams, W.H.T., 1924b. List of the moths collected in Siam by E.J. Godfrey, B.Sc., F.E.S., with descriptions of new species. J. nat. Hist. Soc. Siam 6: 229–289.
* Tams, W.H.T., 1935. Lepidoptera: Heterocera (exclusive of Geometridae and the Microlepidoptera). Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial arthropods, Part III(4): 169-290
* Tams W.H.T., 1936. Three New East African Moths. - Journal of The East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society Cil.XIII: 105-106.
* Tams, W.H.T., 1953. A pest of coconut palms in Portuguese East Africa. - Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., vol.3:69-73
# Khardun

Khardun (Persian: خاردون, also Romanized as Khārdūn; also known as Khāfkūh and Khārdān) is a village in Sarduiyeh Rural District, Sarduiyeh District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. As of the 2006 census, its population was 119, with there being 20 families.
# Waldomiro Pinto

Waldomiro "Waldo" Claudiano Pinto (22 October 1934 – 27 February 2013) was a Brazilian boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1960 Summer Olympics. At the 1960 Summer Olympics, he received a bye in the Round of 64, then lost by decision to Oleg Grigoryev of the Soviet Union in the Round of 32.
# Fortschwihr

Fortschwihr (French: ; German: Fortschweier) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Pasquale Ottini

Pasquale Ottino or Ottini (1578–1630), was an Italian painter.

## Biography

Ottino was a pupil, alongside Alessandro Turchi, in the studio of Felice Brusasorci. After the master's death in 1605, he completed alongside Turchi the large canvas depicting Fall of Manna in the church of San Giorgio in Braida in Verona, left unfinished on the master's death in 1605. His early works attest to the decidedly Mannerist character of the initial phase of his career. The sources indicate fairly constant activity in his hometown, even though there are still some doubts as to the reconstruction of his artistic career, especially incongruities regarding a trip to Rome that may have taken place with his companions Turchi and Marcantonio Bassetti around 1615. He died of plague in Verona in 1630.

## Paintings

* Massacre of the Innocents, painted for San Stefano in Verona.
* He painted San Niccolo for the church of San Giorgio
* Completed Deposition for the church of San Francesco di Paola.
* Assumption of the Virgin
# Pani Bottle

Park Jae-han (Korean: 박재한; born October 26, 1987) is a South Korean YouTuber that operates the travel YouTube channel Pani Bottle (빠니보틀). A 2024 news article described him as having the most subscribers of any South Korean travel YouTuber.

## Biography

Park was born in Chuncheon, Gangwon Province, South Korea on October 26, 1987. He began uploading videos to YouTube in March 2015. He received his current channel's name, Pani Bottle, after he uploaded a travel video of him in India, during which a water vendor reportedly shouted something that sounded like "pani bottle". A video of his experience on an Indian train was reportedly a turning point in his career, and was widely disseminated by the YouTube algorithm. It went on to receive over 7 million views.
He has since appeared in conventional South Korean television programs.
# Slavko Wolf

Slavko Wolf (born Samuel Wolf, Yiddish: שְׁמוּאֵל װאָלףֿ; 26 December 1862 – 7 November 1936) was a Croatian lawyer, chess player and writer.
Wolf was born on 26 December 1862 in Tata, in Komárom-Esztergom County of the Kingdom of Hungary to Jewish parents, Benjamin and Matilda (née Ebenspanger) Wolf. Soon after his birth Wolf family moved to Vukovar, Croatia where Wolf was raised together with his brothers Dragutin and Leopold. His father was hazzan at the Vukovar Synagogue, rosh yeshiva and secretary of the Vukovar Jewish community. Later he was also a rabbi in Ludbreg for 10 years. Wolf attended the Vukovar Yeshiva led by his father. In autumn of 1871, after his education at Yeshiva, Wolf began to attend the Vinkovci Gymnasium. Last three grades he finished at the Osijek Gymnasium from where he graduated in 1879. That same year in autumn he started studying law at the Faculty of Law University of Vienna. Wolf graduated from the University in 1883. In Vienna he also obtained his doctorate.
After his graduation Wolf worked as a trainee solicitor in Bjelovar. Later he worked as a lawyer in Koprivnica, and representative at the Koprivnica City Assembly. He owned a law firm. In 1893 Wolf married Janka (née Granitz), a daughter of known Hungarian-born Croatian Jewish industrialist Ignjat Granitz. Their son Pavao Vuk-Pavlović was born in 1894.
After his parents death, his mother died in 1891 and father in 1899, Wolf and his wife converted to Catholic faith in 1900. Through his years he stayed connected with Judaism and Jewish community in Koprivnica and Zagreb. Wolf and his family lived in Koprivnica until 1910, after they moved to Zagreb. He practised law until 1931. After his father in law company "Ignjat Granitz & Comp." was merged with the printing house of Ivan Novak, to found the Graphic and Publishing Bureau "Tipografija d.d.", Wolf became a lifetime president of the newly founded company. Wolf hobby was chess. In 1935 he published the book "Šahovski problemi za početnike" (Chess problems for beginners) about chess problem. During World War II Wolf's wife survived the Holocaust with the help of her sons former students. Wolf died on 7 November 1936 and was buried at the Mirogoj Cemetery.

## Works

* Šahovski problemi za početnike, Tipografija d.d., Zagreb (1935)
# Urschenheim

Urschenheim (French pronunciation: ; Alsatian: Ürsche) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Port'Alba, Naples

The Port'Alba is the remnant of one of the city gates in Naples, Italy. It is located on the northwestern edge of Piazza Dante, just north of Vanvitelli's colonnade, which obscures the bastion into which the gate was carved. The gate leads from the piazza into a pedestrian alley, Via d'Alba with shops selling music instrument, books, and restaurants. The passage leads ultimately to Piazza Bellini.
The gate was a late-comer to the entrances to Naples, and was opened only in 1625 by Antonio Alvárez of Toledo, Duke of Alba, the Spanish viceroy of Naples. It was previously known as Porta Sciuscelle due to a legume that grew outside the gates.
40°50′58″N 14°15′06″E﻿ / ﻿40.849400°N 14.251800°E﻿ / 40.849400; 14.251800
# Al M. Niles, Jr

Al M. Niles Jr. (born 1975) is a United States Army Colonel who is a decorated aviator and served as a wing commander during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2005 for Task Force Warfighter.

## Career

Niles received his commission in 1997 through Army ROTC at Tuskegee University where he became an Army aviator. His operational assignments included the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment at Hunter Army Airfield in Georgia; Camp Humphreys in Korea; Fort Wainwright in Alaska; and Special Operations Command at MacDill Air Force Base in Florida. He has operated as an Airspace Command and Control Officer, Flight Operations Officer, and Maintenance Test Pilot for the CH-47D (Chinook). During Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2005, he was a Task Force Warfighter commander. He is qualified in the CH-47D Chinook, OH-58 A/C, and TH-67 (Bell 206). He's deployed to combat and operational support details with conventional and special operations troops to Iraq, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Bahrain, Kosovo, Kuwait, and Qatar.
# Brian Kuhlman

Brian A. Kuhlman is an American professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the UNC School of Medicine of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a Sloan Research Fellow.

## Early life

Kuhlman obtained Bachelor of Arts degree in chemical physics from Rice University in 1992. From 1993 to 1998 he studied under guidance of Daniel Raleigh to earn his Ph.D. in chemistry from Stony Brook University and from 1999 to 2002 he studied under guidance from David Baker to obtain Damon Runyon Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Washington.

## Career

In 2003, Kuhlman designed the first full-domain artificial protein, Top7, with Gautam Dantas and other researchers, in David Baker's laboratory. In his independent research laboratory, Kuhlman continued pioneering research in protein design, including breakthroughs in design of protein conformational switches, protein interface design, design of protein loops, stitching together components of natural proteins, designed fusions for bispecific antibodies, and progress toward vaccines.

## Awards

* DeLano Award for Computational Biosciences
* Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology
* Beckman Young Investigator