OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer

Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer (FINESSE) was a NASA mission proposal for a space observatory operating in the Near-infrared spectrum for the Medium-Class Explorers program. The Principal Investigator was Mark Swain of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
FINESSE was one of three Medium-Class Explorers (MIDEX) mission concepts that received $2 million to conduct a nine-month mission concept study in August 2017. The mission study was terminated prematurely following the selection by European Space Agency of an identical concept, the ARIEL exoplanet atmosphere survey mission. Had it been selected for implementation, FINESSE would have launched no earlier than 2022 and lasted at least two years. The other two finalist concepts competing with FINESSE were Arcus (an X-ray space observatory) and SPHEREx (a near-infrared space observatory). In February 2019, it was announced that SPHEREx had been selected.

## Overview

FINESSE would have consisted of a space observatory tasked to study exoplanet atmospheres by spectroscopically surveying over 500 planets outside the Solar System with the goal of gaining understanding of the processes responsible for their composition, and how the Solar System fits into the larger family of planets.
FINESSE was a candidate for NASA's next Explorers program MIDEX mission, and conducted a nine-months-long Phase A study starting from August 2017 to refine its mission concept.
While FINESSE was selected as finalist for the MIDEX mission, NASA also conditionally selected the CASE proposal as an Explorers Program Partner Mission of Opportunity (PMO). FINESSE and CASE share the same Principal Investigator and science team. CASE, or Contribution To ARIEL Spectroscopy of Exoplanets, is a proposal for US participation in the European ARIEL space telescope. An exoplanet atmosphere survey mission, ARIEL is similar to FINESSE both in spacecraft capability and scientific objectives. CASE was selected on the condition that it will only be constructed if ESA selected ARIEL. At the time this was announced, it was still uncertain whether ARIEL will be ultimately selected or not. NASA had stated that if ARIEL and CASE are selected, they would not select FINESSE as the next MIDEX mission.
In March 2018, ARIEL was selected by ESA for the fourth Cosmic Vision Medium class mission (M4). Work on FINESSE was terminated as a result. Although FINESSE did not ultimately receive a flight opportunity, its goals will likely be achieved by the 2028 ARIEL mission.

## Science objectives

* Determine key aspects of the planet formation process. FINESSE would obtain the atmospheric composition measurements of metallicity and carbon/oxygen ratio.
* Determine key factors that establish planetary climate. FINESSE measurements would determine planetary energy budgets from the dayside to the nightside.

## Principle

FINESSE would have measured the atmospheric light spectra of exoplanets transiting or eclipsing their parent star. The proposed spectrometer functions in the infrared (0.5-5.0 μm). It would have used a 75 cm diameter primary mirror.
# Sachin Sen

Sachin Sen (1 June 1917 – 18 March 1992) was an Indian politician belonging to the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He was a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Ballygunge constituency (1977–1992), and served as Chief Government Whip from 1989 to 1991.

## Early life and education

Sachin Sen was born on 1 June 1917 in Galla, Sylhet District, Bangladesh. He attended school at Maulavi Bazar Govt.High School in Sylhet, which is now in Bangladesh. He graduated from the Murari Chand College under the University of Calcutta. He was a first division football player.
He joined the Communist Party of India before India's independence and sided with the CPI(M) after the split. He was also a member of All India Students' Federation.

## Political career

He was a very promising member of CPIM. He worked tirelessly at the grassroots level in refugee settlements in Calutta. He was also elected to the Calcutta Municipal Corporation.
He unsuccessfully contested from the Rashbehari Avenue Assembly constituency in the 1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election and 1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, but lost both times.
He was a member of the CPI(M) Kolkata District Committee and District Secretariat. He was elected to a member of CPI(M) West Bengal State Committee in 1980s.
He was elected from Ballygunge Assembly Constituency, part of South Kolkata Lok Sabha constituency. He was nominated to contest from Ballygunge in 1977 and won the support and confidence of the people. He was re-elected in 1982, 1987, 1991.
Sen also served as the Government Chief Whip in West Bengal Legislative Assembly between 1989 and 1991.
He was a senior leader of All India Chemical and Pharmaceutical Employees Federation, too. He was also a member of the general council of Centre of Indian Trade Unions.
He has also contributed a lot in pharma industry's field workers movement.

## Sports Administration

Being a football player he was active in sports administration in the state. He was a member of the Cricket Association of Bengal since 1971.
Sen was also elected to the governing Body of Indian Football Association since 1989 and was also the General Secretary of East Bengal Club,Calcutta,1990.

## Controversy

He was one of the accused in the Bijon Setu massacre, where 16 Hindu sadhus and a sadhvi belonging to Ananda Marga, were burned to death at Bijon Setu, near Ballygunge, Kolkata, in West Bengal, India, on 30 April 1982.
Although the attacks were carried out in broad daylight, no arrests were ever made. After repeated calls for a formal judicial investigation, a single-member judicial commission was set up to investigate the killings in 2012.

## Personal life

He was married to Sadhana Sen. The couple had two sons. He passed away in 1992, while serving as a member of the assembly.
# Effat University

Effat University (Arabic: جامعة عفّت) is a private non-profit institution of higher education for men and women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, operating under the umbrella of King Faisal Charitable Foundation. On 30 January 2009, Effat College became Effat University. The inauguration of its four colleges, the establishment of the Research and Consultancy Institute, and success achieved on the academic, education and social levels, paved the way to becoming a university.
In 2011, Effat University obtained approval for its first graduate program. In 2019, Effat University celebrated its 20th anniversary.

## History

Effat College was founded by the children of King Faisal and Effat Al Thunayyan. Princess Lolowah Al Faisal played a prominent role in its founding, from raising funds, developing the curriculum, overseeing construction to the hiring of faculty and staff. Sara bint Faisal is the chair of the board of founders and board of trustees, while Lolowah is vice chair and general supervisor of the university. Effat University is considered the first private woman college in Saudi Arabia.
For the first time it will open its doors to male students in 2022.

## Departments

Effat University consists of the following departments:
* Effat College of Engineering:
Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Computer Science departments
* Effat College of Architecture and Design:
Architecture, Cinematic Arts, and Design departments
* Effat College of Business:
Finance, Marketing, Human Resources Management, Supply Chain Management, and Entrepreneurship
* Effat College of Humanities:
English and Translation and Psychology departments
* Graduate Studies:
Masters of Science in Finance (MSF), Master of Science in Urban Design (MSUD), Master of Science in Translation Studies (MTS), and Master of Science in Energy Engineering

## Partnerships

Effat University has built relationships and agreements with national and international institutions and universities. It has partnered with Syracuse University, Swarthmore College, Georgetown University, Mount Holyoke College, The Prince's School of Traditional Arts, American University of Cairo, the French General Consulate, Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering, University of Miami School of Architecture, University of Cincinnati College of Education Criminal Justice and Human Services, and the USC School of Cinematic Arts.
# Mackenzie Darragh

Mackenzie "Mack" Darragh (born December 8, 1993) is a Canadian competitive swimmer. He holds the Canadian record for the 200 m butterfly.

## Career
### International Swimming League

Darragh signed to the NY Breakers for the ISL's inaugural season. In spring 2020, Darragh signed for Toronto Titans in their first ISL season.

### World Championships

In 2016, Darragh was named to Canada's Olympic team for the 2016 Summer Olympics. At the 2011 World Junior Swimming Championships in Lima, Peru, Darragh won the bronze medal in 200 m butterfly.

### Other

In September 2017, Darragh was named to Canada's 2018 Commonwealth Games team. Darragh was awarded All-American for 200 m butterfly in 2015.
# Westeraccum

Westeraccum is an East Frisian village in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is an Ortsteil of the municipality of Dornum, in the district of Aurich. The village is located just to the northeast of Dornum.

## Etymology

Westeraccum was first mentioned in documents in the early 12th century as Westrachem. Later names were Westeragheim, Westerachem (around 1200), and Wester Accum (1684). This is a combination of the first name Acke with -heim ("residential place") and the western direction.
# Hamingja

The hamingja was a type of female guardian spirit in Norse mythology. It was believed that she accompanied a person and decided their luck and happiness. Consequently, the name was also used to indicate happiness, and that is what it means in modern Icelandic. When a person died, the hamingja passed to a beloved family member and thus accompanied a family for several generations, continuing to influence their fortunes. It was even possible to lend one's own hamingja to a friend, as happened when Hjalti Skeggiason was about to leave on a perilous voyage and asked Olaf II of Norway to lend him his hamingja.
It usually appears during sleep in the form of an animal, but it can also be the spirit of a sleeping person who appears in the form of an animal, as Bödvar Bjarki in the saga of Hrólfr Kraki.
In Norse mythology, hamingja (Old Norse "luck") refers to two concepts:
* the personification of the good fortune or luck of an individual or family,
* the altered appearance of shape-shifters.
Both Andy Orchard and Rudolf Simek note parallels between the concept of the hamingja and the fylgja. Luck may be transferred to a descendant of the owner, or to a member of a tribe for a perilous journey, it accords wealth, success and power, and it accrues over a life time. Sometimes hamingja is used to denote honor.
# Fauna of Oregon

The fauna of the state of Oregon includes a wide array of species.
One way of presenting the fauna of Oregon is classification by lifezone. Oregon is a vastly diverse state in terms of topography and climate. Five of the seven recognized lifezones are identified in Oregon.

## Mammals

Although there are variable reports, some sources report that there are four species of mammals found exclusively in Oregon: the Baird's shrew, the Pacific shrew, the camas pocket gopher, and the red tree vole (North Oregon Coast "distinct population segment"). However, other sources list the red tree vole as present in northern California. According to the Oregon State University libraries Oregon Wildlife Explorer website, one hundred thirty-six mammals have been described, exclusive of marine mammals. Most of these are smaller creatures weighing under one kilogram, active primarily at night, with a tendency towards more inconspicuous ways of life. Some of the larger, more iconic, carnivorous species have been driven from the region. Others are present, but in lesser numbers.
The American Society of Mammalogists provides a more exhaustive listing of species. Grizzly bears are no longer listed. In 2011, it reported that 12 Canada lynx remain.

### Elk

Elk were heavily hunted in Oregon in the 1800s leading to their extirpation from all but the most inaccessible parts of the Blue Mountains. Legal hunting officially ended in 1909. In 1912 fifteen elk were imported from Wyoming to re-establish huntable herds. The first elk hunting season post re-establishment was in 1933.

### Gray wolf

The gray wolf was extirpated from Oregon in 1947 and returned in 1999 when wolves from Idaho began to move into the state. The gray wolf populations has been increasing in recent years and is monitored by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. The first confirmed wolf sighting in western Oregon since 1947, known as Journey or OR-7, was born in April, 2009 and OR-7 became the first wolf in modern times to move to California.
# Mario Titone

Mario Titone (born 14 October 1988) is an Italian footballer, who currently plays as a forward for U.S.D. Recanatese 1923.

## Club career

Born in Erice, Sicily, Titone started his professional career with Tuscany club Sansovino. After played once for Sansovino in 2006–07 Coppa Italia, he was signed by Serie C1 club Pisa and spent 2 seasons with its Primavera team. After Pisa went bankrupt, he was signed by Serie B club Sassuolo and farmed to Lega Pro Prima Divisione club Sambenedettese in co-ownership deal. On 26 June 2009, Sambenedettese bought him outright after winning the closed tender regarding the remain 50% registration rights between the two clubs. However, in July 2009, Sassuolo re-signed Titone after Sambenedettese went bankrupt.
On 18 January 2011 Titone left for Lanciano in temporary deal with option to purchase. Titone missed the whole second half of 2011–12 Lega Pro Prima Divisione, except the promotion playoffs. After a short experience with FC Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț (Romanian Liga I) he signs for A.S. Bisceglie Calcio 1913 (Italian Serie D).

## International career
### Representative teams

Titone played once for the Italy U20 Lega Pro team against Hungary in 2008–09 Mirop Cup. He won the annual Lega Pro Prima Divisione Trophy with U21 representative team of Group A and won Trofeo Dossena with U20 Lega Pro representative team in June 2009.
During the 2009–10 season, he played once for Italy under-21 Serie B representative team in internal training match.
# Kim Allen

Kim Allen may refer to:
* Kim Allen (baseball) (born 1953), American baseball player
* Kim Allen (actress) (born 1982), American actress
# James William Maddin

James William Maddin (September 8, 1874 – September 29, 1961) was a Canadian lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cape Breton South in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1911 as a Liberal-Conservative member.
He was born in Westville, Nova Scotia, the son of William Maddin and Agnes Goode. Maddin was educated at Pictou Academy and Dalhousie University. In 1897, he married Maude MacDonald. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1911. Maddin served overseas during World War I, reaching the rank of major. After the war, Maddin practiced law in Springhill and Sydney. He died in Sydney at the age of 87.
# Dumi language

Dumi is a Kiranti language spoken in the area around the Tap and Rava rivers and their confluence in northern Khotang district, Nepal. It is spoken in the villages such as Makpa, Kharbari, Baksila, Sapteshwor, and Kharmi.
Dialects are Kharbari, Lamdija, and Makpa, with Makpa being the most divergent dialect.

## Phonology

Consonants :
| | | Labial | Dental | Lamino- alveolopalatal | Alveolar | Dorsal | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | | | n | ŋ | |
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t̪ | | t | k | ʔ |
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless aspirated | pʰ | t̪ʰ | | tʰ | kʰ | |
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiced | b | d̪ | dz | d | ɡ | |
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiced aspirated | bʱ | d̪ʰ | | dʱ | ɡʱ | |
| Fricative | Fricative | | | | s | | h |
| Trill | Trill | | | | r | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | w | | | l | j | |
Vowels :
| | Front | Front | Central | Central | Back | Back |
| | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long |
| High | i | iː | ɨ | | u | uː |
| Mid | e | eː | | | o | oː |
| Mid-low | œ | | ə | | | |
| Low | | | a | aː | | |
| Diphthongs | əj | e:j | ai | ai | oj | o:ə |

## Grammar

Dumi is an ergative-absolutive language. Embedded sentences may take on the ergative case. Subjects of intransitive verbs and patients of transitive verbs take the absolutive case. A transitive verb shows agreement with both agent and pacient.
Dumi case suffixes :
| Case | Suffix |
| Ergative | -(ʔ)a |
| Absolutive | -ø |
| Genitive | -(ʔ)a |
| Locative | -bi, -hoy |
| Comitative | -kəy |
| Ablative | -ləkə, -lam, -kə |
| Comparative | -yikə |
Nominal plurality is denoted by the suffix <-mɨl> and duality by the suffix <-nɨ>. The plural suffix precedes the ergative and most case endings.
Personal pronouns distinguish between three persons, three numbers, and between inclusive and exclusive. Third person -ɨm denotes only human referents. tom 'this' and mom 'that' can refer to non-human third person subjects. Additionally, aŋ, an, ɨm, and hammɨl have possessive prefixes o:-, a-, ɨ-, and ham-, respectively. The pronouns abo 'who', mwo: 'what', hempa 'where' and hempo 'which one' occupy the same position as their corresponding non-interrogative pronoun would occupy.
| Person | Singular | Dual | Dual | Plural | Plural |
| Person | Singular | Incl. | Excl. | Incl. | Excl. |
| 1 | aŋ | intsi | antsɨ | iŋki | aŋkɨ |
| 2 | an | antsi | antsi | ani | ani |
| 3 | ɨm, tom, mom | ɨmnɨ, ɨntsi | ɨmnɨ, ɨntsi | hammɨl, ɨmmɨl | hammɨl, ɨmmɨl |
The default word order is Subject-Object-Verb.
Attributive forms of numerals 1-9 use the numeral classifier -bo, while the attributive forms of other numerals are unmarked. The interrogative pronoun hittakbo 'how many' also carries this classifier.
Dumi numerals :
| Numeral | Dumi | Numeral | Dumi |
| 1 | tɨk | 6 | mu |
| 2 | sak | 7 | sɨm |
| 3 | ryek | 8 | ɨm |
| 4 | tɨm | 9 | nu/dek |
| 5 | ŋo | 10 | tɨksi |
# John Drew Sperry

John Drew Sperry (February 10, 1851 – October 7, 1933) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Lunenburg County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1889 to 1896, from 1897 to 1901 and from 1902 to 1906. Sperry represented Lunenburg in the House of Commons of Canada from 1909 to 1911 as a Liberal member.

## Early life and education

He was born in Petite Rivière, Nova Scotia, the son of John Charles Sperry and Mary Ann Drew, and was educated at the Sackville Academy.

## Career

He served 12 years on the Lunenburg County council, also serving as county warden. Sperry was first elected to the provincial assembly in an 1889 by-election held after the death of George A. Ross. He resigned his seat in 1896 to run unsuccessfully for a federal seat. He was first elected to the House of Commons in a 1909 by-election held after Alexander Kenneth Maclean resigned his seat to serve in the provincial assembly; Sperry was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1911.

## Death

He died in Petite Rivière at the age of 82.

## Personal life

Sperry married Maria Dauphinee. His son Aubrey also served in the provincial assembly.

## Electoral record

By-election on 22 December 1909
On Mr. McLean's resignation, 23 October 1909 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal | John Drew Sperry | 3,371 |
| | Conservative | Carmon Smith Marshall | 3,104 |
vte1911 Canadian federal election: Lunenburg :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Dugald Stewart | 3,645 |
| | Liberal | John Drew Sperry | 3,237 |
# Matthew MacLean

Matthew MacLean (13 December 1879 – 7 April 1953) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia.
MacLean studied at Dalhousie Law School after graduating from high school in Sydney Mines. He became an insurance agent and notary during his career, and was a judge in Sydney Mines for more than 20 years.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Cape Breton North and Victoria riding in a by-election on 18 October 1937. MacLean was re-elected to full terms in 1940, 1945 and 1949. MacLean died on 7 April 1953 in Ottawa after an unspecified operation, just months before the 1953 election.
# Percy Chapman Black

Percy Chapman Black (11 January 1878 – 16 September 1961) was a Canadian politician, businessman and farmer. Black served in both the Canadian House of Commons and the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.
Black was the son of J. Hiram Black and Mary Elizabeth "Libbie" Smith and was educated at Amherst College and Mount Allison University. In 1917, he married Jean F. MacDonald. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1940 as a Member of the coalition National Government to represent the riding of Cumberland. He was a member of a Special Committee on Reconstruction and Re-establishment during the 19th Canadian parliament. He was re-elected as a Progressive Conservative in 1945 and again in 1949.
Prior to his federal political experience, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia in 1925 as a Member of the Conservative Party of Nova Scotia to represent the electoral district of Cumberland County. He was appointed Nova Scotia's Minister of Highways. He died in Amherst at the age of 83.

## Electoral record

vte1940 Canadian federal election: Cumberland :
| Candidate | Votes |
| National Government | Percy Chapman Black | 8,073 |
| Liberal | Kenneth Judson Cochrane | 8,061 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | Guy Alton Demings | 1,403 |
vte1945 Canadian federal election: Cumberland :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Percy Chapman Black | 9,121 |
| Liberal | Archibald Joseph Mason | 6,522 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | John James Crummey | 3,807 |
vte1949 Canadian federal election: Cumberland :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Percy Chapman Black | 9,850 |
| Liberal | Lawrence Martin Hanway | 8,718 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | Douglas Haig MacBrien | 1,205 |
# Robert Muir (politician)

Robert Muir (10 November 1919 – 31 August 2011) was a Canadian Member of Parliament, first in the House of Commons and later in the Senate. Muir sat in both chambers as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. He was born in Scotland and raised on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Before he became a politician, he was also a miner, a union official, a salesman and a businessman during his career. He died at his home in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality in 2011.

## Early life

Muir was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on 10 November 1919. After his father died in 1920, he and his mother immigrated to Canada. After leaving school in grade 8, he worked in the coal mines until injuries ended his ability to do so. Before he was injured for the final time, he was elected as the secretary of his United Mine Workers of America (UMW) local. After recuperating from his injuries, he worked in insurance for London Life until he was elected to parliament. He later served as chair of the Miners' Hospital in Cape Breton.

## Political career

Muir began politics as a member of the Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia municipal council, where he served from 1948 to 1958. He entered federal politics in the 1957 Canadian general election, winning the Cape Breton North and Victoria electoral district in Nova Scotia. His old riding was abolished after the 1966 electoral district redistribution. Muir then ran in the newly created Cape Breton—The Sydneys electoral district in the 1968 Canadian general election and won the seat. Muir won election eight consecutive times, stepping down in 1979 after having served in the 30th Canadian Parliament.
On 28 March 1979, two-days after an election call, Liberal Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau appointed Muir to the Senate. Muir sat in the self-designated Senate division of Cape Breton-The Sydneys. Muir retired from the Senate on 10 November 1994. He died at home, in Coxheath, Nova Scotia on 31 August 2011, aged 91, from respiratory failure.