OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rancho Los Álamos y Agua Caliente

Rancho Los Álamos y Agua Caliente was a 26,626-acre (107.75 km$^2$) Mexican land grant in present-day Kern County, California given in 1846 by Governor Pio Pico to Francisco Lopes, Luis Jordan and Vicente Botiller. The name means "Cottonwoods and Hot Springs Ranch" in Spanish. The native riparian Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) grow around natural springs. Rancho Los Álamos y Agua Caliente lay between two other Mexican Land Grants in the Tehachapi Mountains, Rancho El Tejon and Rancho Castac. The rancho is now a part of the 270,000 acres (1,093 km$^2$) Tejon Ranch.

## History

A grant was made to Pedro Carrillo by Governor Manuel Micheltorena in 1843, that included Hungry Valley, Cañada de los Alamos and Peace Valley, the later area of the Hungry Valley State Vehicular Recreation Area, Gorman and the Tejon Pass (then called Portezuela de Castac or Castac Pass), but Carrillo failed to comply with any of its conditions. In 1846, Governor Pío Pico declared that, "Taking into consideration the seven months granted to citizen Pedro Carrillo to stock the land granted to him in conformity with the colonization laws, and of the injury caused to the industry of the country on account of his not occupying it, the denunciation of the tract of the Álamos and Agua Caliente in favor of the applicants may take place, to whom the proper title shall be issued," and on the same day a title was issued to Agustín Olvera. This grant covered a different section of land than the first.
With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Los Álamos y Agua Caliente was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, The grant was patented to Agustín Olvera, Louis Jordan, and J.L. Brent in 1866. A separate claim was filed by Pedro Carrillo but was rejected due to his previous noncompliance with the original granting conditions.
In 1865 Edward Beale purchased Rancho los Álamos y Agua Caliente from Agustín Olvera, Cristobal Aguilar, and James L. Gibbens. Beale would acquire three other Mexican Land Grants (Rancho El Tejon, Rancho Castac and Rancho La Liebre) to create the present day Tejon Ranch.
# Rancho Boca de la Cañada del Pinole

Rancho Boca de la Cañada del Pinole was a 13,316-acre (53.89 km$^2$) Mexican land grant in present-day Contra Costa County, California given in 1842 by Governor Juan Alvarado to María Manuela Valencia. The name means "Mouth of the Pinole Valley" in Spanish. The rancho located between present-day Martinez, Pleasant Hill, Orinda, and Lafayette.

## History

Felipe Santiago Briones (1790 -1840) was a soldier at the San Francisco Presidio. He married Maria Manuela Valencia in 1810. Maria Manuela Valencia's brother, Candelario Valencia, was the grantee of Rancho Acalanes. In 1829, Briones and his family settled on the El Pinole lands, built a home (near what is now the Bear Creek Staging area), and in 1839, petitioned for a grant of El Pinole. When Felipe Briones was killed in 1840, his widow, Maria Manuela Valencia de Briones, petitioned for the land grant in her name. In 1842, Governor Alvarado, made a three square league grant of Rancho Boca de la Cañada del Pinole to María Manuela Valencia and a four square league grant of Rancho El Pinole to Ygnacio Martinez.
With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to María Manuela Valencia in 1878.
In 1870, the Briones family sold their lands to Simon and Elias Blum who developed orchards and cultivated fruit.
In 1909, the Peoples' Water Company, the precursor to the East Bay Municipal Utility District, purchased the land for the watershed. The nearby Briones Reservoir was constructed in 1964. The East Bay Regional Parks District later acquired Briones and opened the 6,117-acre (24.75 km$^2$) Briones Regional Park in 1967.
# Cluny lace

Cluny lace is a bobbin lace style, worked as a continuous piece. It is a heavy plaited lace of geometric design, often with radiating thin, pointed wheatears (closely woven leaves). It is a guipure style of lace.

## History

Cluny lace originated in France. It appeared in the nineteenth century in Le Puy and Mirecourt in Lorraine, reputedly using designs from the Museum of Antiquities at the Hotel Cluny, Paris.
Cluny lace was also made in the English Midland lacemaking areas. The laces shares common features with Bedfordshire lace.
# Hajdú County

Hajdú, formerly known as Hajdúság, was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. The capital of the county was Debrecen. The territory of the county is now part of the Hungarian county Hajdú-Bihar.

## Geography

Hajdú county shared borders with the counties Heves, Borsod, Szabolcs, Bihar, Békés and Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok. The river Tisza touched its western border. The Hortobágy National Park steppe lies in the county. Its area was 3343 km² around 1910.

## History

The Hajdúság region had a special status in the Kingdom of Hungary, but was turned into the proper county Hajdú in the 19th century. At the 1950 county reform, it was merged with Bihar County (the Hungarian part of pre-Trianon Bihar County) and some smaller parts of the former Szabolcs County to form Hajdú-Bihar County, with its capital at Debrecen.

## Demographics

Population by mother tongue :
| Census | Total | Hungarian | German | Other or unknown |
| 1880 | 173,329 | 164,320 (97.75%) | 2,788 (1.66%) | 998 (0.59%) |
| 1890 | 190,978 | 189,193 (99.07%) | 1,132 (0.59%) | 653 (0.34%) |
| 1900 | 223,612 | 221,798 (99.19%) | 972 (0.43%) | 842 (0.38%) |
| 1910 | 253,863 | 251,918 (99.23%) | 1,044 (0.41%) | 901 (0.35%) |
Population by religion :
| Census | Total | Calvinist | Roman Catholic | Greek Catholic | Jewish | Other or unknown |
| 1880 | 173,329 | 135,744 (78.32%) | 18,014 (10.39%) | 9,986 (5.76%) | 8,444 (4.87%) | 1,141 (0.66%) |
| 1890 | 190,978 | 147,141 (77.05%) | 21,795 (11.41%) | 10,999 (5.76%) | 9,749 (5.10%) | 1,294 (0.68%) |
| 1900 | 223,612 | 166,063 (74.26%) | 29,549 (13.21%) | 13,509 (6.04%) | 12,806 (5.73%) | 1,685 (0.75%) |
| 1910 | 253,863 | 185,648 (73.13%) | 35,059 (13.81%) | 15,336 (6.04%) | 15,301 (6.03%) | 2,519 (0.99%) |

## Subdivisions

In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Hajdú county were:
Districts (járás) :
| District | Capital |
| Hajdúböszörmény | Hajdúböszörmény |
| Hajdúszoboszló | Hajdúszoboszló |
| Központ | Debrecen |
| Urban counties (törvényhatósági jogú város) ||
| Debrecen ||
| Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) ||
| Hajdúböszörmény ||
| Hajdúnánás ||
| Hajdúszoboszló ||
# Rancho Collayomi

Rancho Collayomi (also called Rancho Callayomi) was a 8,242-acre (33.35 km$^2$) Mexican land grant in present-day Lake County, California given in 1844 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Robert T. Ridley. Rancho Collayomi was one of three land grants (along with Rancho Lupyomi and Rancho Guenoc) in Lake County. Lake County was formed in 1861 of land taken mainly from Napa County and the northwest portion taken from Mendocino County.

## History

Rancho Collayomi encompassed three square leagues in the Loconoma Valley. Robert T. Ridley (1818 - 1851) was an English sailor who was captain of the Port of San Francisco. In 1843, Ridley traded his three league Rancho Collayomi grant to Jacob P. Leese for the two league Rancho Canada de Guadalupe la Visitacion y Rodeo Viejo near San Francisco. Jacob Primer Leese (1809 - 1892), was a trader from Ohio who had married María Rosalia Vallejo sister of General Vallejo, and was the owner of the adjacent Rancho Guenoc.
With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Collayomi was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to Archibald A. Ritchie and Paul.S. Forbes in 1863.
Ritchie was killed in an accident in 1856. Paul Forbes sold his share of both Rancho Guenoc and Rancho Collayomi to one of Ritchie's sons-in-law, Gen. M.D.L. Simpson, in 1867. The following year, Simpson deeded half the lands to Ritchie's wife, Martha and children. The heirs began selling portions of the properties in the early 1870s.
# Rancho Llano Seco

Rancho Llano Seco was a 17,767-acre (71.90 km$^2$) Mexican land grant in present-day Butte County, California, given in 1845 by Mexican Governor Pio Pico to Sebastian Keyser (Kayser). Llano seco means 'dry plains' in Spanish. The grant extended along the east bank of the Sacramento River south of present-day Chico. It remains an active ranch.

## History

The four–square league grant, provisionally made in 1844 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena, was confirmed in 1845 by Governor Pico. Keyser, born in Austria, was a trapper who had accompanied John Sutter in 1838 from Missouri, through New Mexico to California. Keyser went to Oregon but returned in 1841 to work for Sutter at his Rancho New Helvetia. In 1845, Keyser became owner of a half interest in Rancho Johnson. He settled on the Bear River and married Elizabeth Rhoads, later selling his interest in the ranch over to Charles James Brenham in 1849. Keyser then operated a ferry on the Cosumnes River, where he drowned in 1850.
With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Llano Seco was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to Brenham in 1860.
Between 1860 and 1875, John Parrott acquired all of Rancho Llano Seco. John Parrott (-1884), a native of Tennessee, joined his brother's mercantile and importing business in Mexico. He was appointed United States Consul at Mazatlán from 1837 to 1846, getting reappointed to the position in 1848 following the Mexican–American War until his resignation and move to San Francisco in 1850. Parrot and Company, of San Francisco was a major landholder and banking firm. In 1852, he built one of San Francisco's first large buildings, the Parrott Block. In 1853, he married Abbie Eastman Meagher (1829–1917). In 1862, he bought part of Rancho de las Pulgas, and six years later he built his Baywood residence and estate. Rancho Llano Seco is still owned by the descendants of John and Abbie Parrott.
# Hyderabad ePrix

The Hyderabad ePrix was a race of the single-seater, electrically powered Formula E race held in Hyderabad, India. It was held as part of the 2022–23 Formula E World Championship season and was the first Formula E race held in the country.

## History

Hyderabad was one of a number of Indian cities bidding to host a round of the FIA Formula E Championship, although it was only seriously considered after the COVID-19 pandemic had halted the discussions between the FIA and proposed hosts in Delhi and Mumbai. On 17 January 2022 the Government of Telangana signed a "letter of intent" with Formula E to stage the Hyderabad E-Prix, with a planned debut as a round of the 2022–23 season, towards the start of the season. The Hyderabad E-Prix was subsequently listed on the first provisional calendar for 2022–23 Formula E World Championship as the fourth round of the season, on 11 February 2023. The Hyderabad E-Prix was staged on the Hyderabad Street Circuit, which was set up on the banks of the artificial Hussain Sagar Lake, which was set to host its first event, a round of the Indian Racing League, in 2022.

## Circuit

The initial design of the track, which was designed with help from PPE Racing, a Filipino constructor and race track designer, was heavily criticised by drivers, with Norman Nato describing it as "looking like a dildo" after he drove on the track in a simulator. The track was later redesigned by Driven International, who also designed the 2021 layout of the Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi and the reception was positive.

## Results

| Edition | Track | Winner | Second | Third | Pole position | Fastest lap | Ref |
| 2023 | Hyderabad Street Circuit | Jean-Éric Vergne DS Penske | Nick Cassidy Envision-Jaguar | António Félix da Costa Porsche | Mitch Evans Jaguar | Norman Nato Nissan | |
# Yedibölük, Kozluk

Yedibölük (Kurdish: Mîşrîtan) is a village in the Kozluk District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Sarmi tribe and had a population of 374 in 2021.
# J. Jay McVicker

J. Jay McVicker (born Jesse Jay McVicker; October 18, 1911 – August 31, 2004) was an American artist. He is known for his printmaking, particularly his early aquatints and his experimental use of intaglio techniques. McVicker was also active as a painter and sculptor throughout his career. A student of Ella Jack and Doel Reed at Oklahoma State University, McVicker showed early promise as a Regionalist watercolorist and printmaker. After graduating with a BA in 1940 and an MA in 1941, both from Oklahoma State University, he joined the faculty and remained in Stillwater, Oklahoma for the rest of his life. After World War II, McVicker turned to abstraction, and exhibited widely throughout the United States and abroad.

## Early life and education

McVicker was one of five children born to Jesse Allen and Clara Mae (Hendrick) McVicker, and from childhood was known as J. Jay. In 1915, the family moved to Berlin, Oklahoma, a small rural community northwest of Oklahoma City, near Vici, Oklahoma. He attended school in the nearby town of Weatherford, Oklahoma, and became a championship wrestler. He enrolled at the Southwestern Institute of Technology (now Southwestern Oklahoma State University), also in Weatherford, from 1930 to 1932. In 1938, he married Laura Beth Paul (1909–1993), while he was a student at Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Oklahoma State University). He received both a BA (1940) and an MA (1941) from Oklahoma A&M. Because the university didn't offer a Master of Fine Arts degree at the time, McVicker wrote an art history thesis that surveyed the use of color in European painting from the Renaissance through the early twentieth century. After graduation, McVicker joined the faculty at Oklahoma A&M. He became head of the Art Department in 1959, and retired on May 31, 1977.

## Career

By the time the United States joined the Second World War, McVicker was well known for his Regionalist prints and watercolors, but within a few years of the war's end, he was dedicated to abstraction and even non-objectivity in all media. Apart from a couple of years in California and in the U.S. Navy, McVicker spent his entire life in Oklahoma. His work, however, was exhibited widely, including at the Museum of Non-Objective Painting and the Downtown Gallery in New York City, and the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles in Paris, France. He was represented by the Bethesda Gallery until it closed, and today is represented by M. Lee Stone Fine Art and Peyton Wright. A book about McVicker by Oklahoma State University professor Louise Siddons was published by the University of Oklahoma Press in 2018.

## Work in public collections

McVicker's work is held by the Dallas Museum of Art, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, the Oklahoma State University Museum of Art, the Harwood Museum of Art, the Springfield Art Museum, the Philbrook Museum of Art, the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum and others.
# Will (sociology)

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#REDIRECT Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
# Marble Saga: Kororinpa

Marble Saga: Kororinpa is a video game for Nintendo's Wii video game console. It was released in North America on March 17, 2009, roughly two years after the original title Kororinpa: Marble Mania. The game was released in Europe under the title Marbles! Balance Challenge and in Japan as Kororinpa 2: Anthony to Kiniro Himawari no Tane (コロリンパ２ アンソニーと金色ひまわりのタネ, Kororinpa 2 Ansonī to Kiniro Himawari no Tane, Kororinpa 2: Anthony and the Golden Sunflower Seed).
The game sets players on a journey to help Anthony the Ant on his quest to find the Golden Sunflower. Players must navigate their customized marble through unique and treacherous mazes to help Anthony reach his goal. The game utilizes the same world-turning technique as the first, requiring players to twist and turn the Wii Remote to control the environment.

## Gameplay

In Marble Saga: Kororinpa, the player tilts the playing field, using the Wii Remote to navigate a spherical object around mazes to reach the end goal, similar to Kororinpa: Marble Mania, the preceding title. Players have also drawn similarities to the Super Monkey Ball series. Some mazes cause the player to tilt them in such a way so that a wall becomes a floor, or to interact with objects such as magnets, conveyor belts, or cannons. Depending on the difficulty level, different collectibles are available in each level. On all difficulty settings, players must collect the Yellow Crystals to complete the level. In Easy and Normal Mode, players must also collect the Stump Temple Pieces in order to unlock the game's final world. Also in Normal Mode, players can collect Green Crystals which unlock extra levels. In the highest difficulty setting, players must retrieve the colony's missing ants from each level. In addition to the collectibles, players may be awarded with bronze, silver, gold, or platinum trophies for completing levels within a predetermined amount of time. Obtaining these trophies also unlocks new balls.
The game features 7 different worlds with a variety of gadgets to help players through their journey. The game features 150+ levels with a variety of collectibles available in each mode including Yellow Crystals, Green Crystals, Stump Temple Pieces, and eventually ants from Anthony's colony. New features for Marble Saga: Kororinpa include increased customization elements in the game. Players can design their own marble by assigning it certain attributes and techniques, and they can even place their own Mii inside the marble. A brand-new level editor has been included, allowing players to share their creations through WiiConnect24.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 74/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Destructoid | 7/10 |
| Famitsu | 26/40 |
| Game Informer | 8/10 |
| GamePro | |
| GameSpot | 7/10 |
| GameZone | 8/10 |
| IGN | 6.5/10 |
| Nintendo Life | |
| Nintendo Power | 7.5/10 |
| Nintendo World Report | 9/10 |
The game received above-average reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of two sevens and two sixes for a total of 26 out of 40.
# Cunaxa (arachnid)

Cunaxa is a genus of predatory mites in the family Cunaxidae. There are at least 50 described species in Cunaxa.

## Species

* Cunaxa anacardae Gupta, 1992
* Cunaxa anomala Khaustov & Kuznetzov, 1998
* Cunaxa bashiri Bashir & Afzal, 2009
* Cunaxa bochkovi Khaustov & Kuznetzov, 1998
* Cunaxa brevicrura Den Heyer, 1979
* Cunaxa breviscuta Luxton, 1982
* Cunaxa capreolus (Berlese, 1890)
* Cunaxa carina Den Heyer, 1979
* Cunaxa clusus Bashir & Afzal, 2009
* Cunaxa cogonae Corpuz-Raros & Garcia, 1995
* Cunaxa crista Gupta & Paul, 1985
* Cunaxa curassavica Gupta & Paul, 1985
* Cunaxa dentata Sergeyenko, 2003
* Cunaxa dotos Bashir & Afzal, 2009
* Cunaxa doxa Chaudhri & Abkar, 1985
* Cunaxa elaphus (Dugès, 1834)
* Cunaxa eupatoriae Chinniah & Mohanasundaram, 2001
* Cunaxa evansi Smiley, 1992
* Cunaxa gazella (Berlese, 1916)
* Cunaxa gordeevae Sergeyenko, 2009
* Cunaxa grobleri Den Heyer, 1979
* Cunaxa guanotoleranta Sergeyenko, 2009
* Cunaxa hermanni Den Heyer, 1979
* Cunaxa heterostriata Khaustov & Kuznetzov, 1998
* Cunaxa jatoiensis Bashir & Afzal, 2006
* Cunaxa lamberti Den Heyer, 1979
* Cunaxa leuros Bashir, Afzal, Ashfaq, Abkar & Ali, 2010
* Cunaxa lodhranensis Bashir & Afzal, 2009
* Cunaxa luzonica Corpuz-Raros & Garcia, 1995
* Cunaxa maculata Sergeyenko, 2009
* Cunaxa mageei Smiley, 1992
* Cunaxa magniferae Gupta, 1992
* Cunaxa magoebaensis Den Heyer, 1979
* Cunaxa mahmoodi Bashir & Afzal, 2009
* Cunaxa meiringi Den Heyer, 1979
* Cunaxa mercedesae Corpuz-Raros & Garcia, 1995
* Cunaxa nankanaensis Bashir, Afzal, Ashfaq, Raza & Kamran, 2011
* Cunaxa neogazella Smiley, 1992
* Cunaxa okaraensis Bashir & Afzal, 2009
* Cunaxa paludicola (Koch, 1838)
* Cunaxa pantabanganensis Corpuz-Raros & Garcia, 1995
* Cunaxa papuliphora Sergeyenko, 2009
* Cunaxa patpakanensis Bashir & Afzal, 2009
* Cunaxa potchensis Den Heyer, 1979
* Cunaxa prinia Gupta & Paul, 1985
* Cunaxa rafiqi Bashir, Afzal, Ashfaq, Abkar & Ali, 2010
* Cunaxa romblonensis Corpuz-Raros & Garcia, 1995
* Cunaxa sagax (Koch, 1836)
* Cunaxa setirostris (Hermann, 1804)
* Cunaxa sordwanaensis Den Heyer, 1979
* Cunaxa stabulicola (Koch, 1838)
* Cunaxa sudakensis Khaustov & Kuznetzov, 1998
* Cunaxa terrula Den Heyer, 1979
* Cunaxa thailandicus Smiley, 1992
* Cunaxa thessalica Sionti & Papadoulis, 2003
* Cunaxa veracruzana Baker & Hoffmann, 1949
* Cunaxa violaphila Sergeyenko, 2009
* Cunaxa womersleyi Baker & Hoffmann, 1948
* Cunaxa yaylensis Sergeyenko, 2009
# 8th Corps (Turkey)

The 8th Corps (Turkish: 8. Kolordu) is a field corps of the Turkish Army. It is headquartered at Elazığ in Elazığ Province. It appeared to have been under command of General Osman Erbaş, until his death in a 2021 helicopter crash. Current leadership after the crash is unknown.

## Subunits

* 12th Mechanized Infantry Division
** 10th Motorized Infantry Brigade
** 34th Motorized Infantry Brigade
** 12th Mechanized Infantry Brigade
* 4th Commando Brigade
** 225th Motorized Infantry Brigade
** 17th Motorized Infantry Brigade
** 49th Motorized Infantry Brigade
* 51st Motorized Infantry Brigade
* 108th Artillery Regiment
# Pakistani passport delay

Pakistani passport delay is an ongoing issue since February 2024 which is affecting thousands of citizens across the globe, with about 800,000 people waiting for their passport.

## Funding issues

One of the primary reason for the passport delay is the delay in government funding for new advanced passport printing machines.

## Technical difficulties

Technical difficulties, such as a “link-down” at the Passport and Immigration headquarters, have also contributed to the delay. This issue has prevented the department from entering data, further exacerbating the backlog.

## Bureaucratic obstacles

Bureaucratic obstacles have hindered the release of necessary funds, despite placing an order and finalizing a tender for the new printing machines.

## Travel plans disrupted

The delay has caused significant inconvenience to citizens, disrupting their travel plans. Many individuals planning to travel abroad have been affected by the suspension of passport printing.

## Economic implications

The backlog has also had economic implications, as people are unable to travel for work or business purposes. This has affected the overall economy, with potential losses in remittances and business opportunities.

## Clearing the backlog

The Passport and Immigration Directorate has taken measures to address the backlog. Following orders from Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi, major cities have caught up with the delayed applications. For example, Islamabad finalized over 14,600 pending cases, while Karachi processed 83,000 applications.

## Urgent passports

Urgent passports have been delivered to 5,650 applicants, and 15,800 passports were sent directly to recipients’ homes. An additional 17,900 normal and 41,700 urgent passport applications were resolved through embassies, bringing relief to overseas Pakistanis.