OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charlotte d'Argenteau, comtesse d'Esneux

Charlotte d'Argenteau, Countess d'Esneux (18 October 1678 – 23 July 1710), a patrician heiress from the Holy Roman Empire, was the beloved second wife of the English Jacobite exile Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury.

## Life

The only surviving child of Louis Conrad d'Argenteau, Count d'Esneux, and Marie Ghisberte de Locquenghien, Charlotte d'Argenteau met Lord Ailesbury when she was 21 and living in Brussels, Belgium, with her widowed mother. Brussels gossip had it that despite her many good qualities she would probably never marry, due to her having a small dowry, and her mother an appalling temper. Within a short time of meeting her Ailesbury fell in love, and it seems his feelings were returned; friends however warned Ailesbury that Charlotte's mother would probably make difficulties. The Countess duly did so, and arguably on this occasion, she was not acting unreasonably. Ailesbury was after all more than 20 years older than Charlotte; more importantly, he had fled England to avoid being condemned to death as a traitor. Though the British Crown made no effort to extradite him, and had not seized his estates, he was only able to draw part of the rents from them. Eventually, he overcame his future mother-in-law's objections, although it is clear from his memoirs that he disliked her intensely.
The marriage was very happy. Charlotte was described as "a noble and virtuous lady, born to make anyone happy". In his memoirs, her husband, who rarely spoke of his first wife Lady Elizabeth Seymour, wrote of his second wife that "there was scarce her equal in goodness and sweetness and generous to the last degree"; although he could resist the gibe that she was "the reverse of her mother". Charlotte's stepchildren, Charles and Elizabeth, became deeply attached to her and she had one daughter of her own: Lady Marie Thérèse Charlotte Bruce, born in 1704. Ailesbury settled in Brussels so happily that when in time the English government made it clear that he could return home, he no longer had any wish to do so.
After ten years of marriage, Charlotte died of a fever in July 1710, aged 31, and was buried in the Church of the Brigittines, Brussels. Ailesbury was deeply grieved, and though he outlived her by 30 years he never made a third marriage. Their daughter Marie Thérèse became the wife of Maximilian, Prince of Hornes, and among Charlotte's great-grandchildren was Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern (the Jacobite consort from 1772 to 1788).
# Auguste Magdalene of Hessen-Darmstadt

Auguste Magdalene of Hesse-Darmstadt (6 March 1657, Darmstadt – 1 September 1674, Darmstadt) was a German noblewoman and poet.

## Life

Auguste Magdalene was a daughter of Count Louis VI of Hesse-Darmstadt (1630–1678) from his marriage to Maria Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp (1634–1665), a daughter of Duke Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp.
Like her father and her sister Magdalene Sibylle, she was active as a writer. She translated the Psalms of David into German verse and wrote a poetry collection entitled The door to German poetry. She died only 17 years old and was buried in the City Church in Darmstadt.
# Princess Christine of Hesse-Eschwege

Christine von Hessen (30 October 1648 – 18 March 1702) was a German noblewoman, belonging to the Hessen-Eschwege branch of the Hessen-Rotenburg line of the House of Hesse. Through her marriage on 25 November 1667 in Eschwege to Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1636-1687), she became Duchess-Consort of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern.

## Life

She was born in Kassel as the second of six children of Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege and his wife Eleonore Katharina von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg, sister of the future Charles X Gustav of Sweden. Little is known of her childhood. She spent her early years in Eschwege with her mother but after her father's death fighting for Sweden in the Second Northern War, his younger brother Ernest took over Frederick's share in the 'Rotenburger Quart'. Christine's mother thus moved her children into dowager accommodation in the former Osterholz Convent in Bremen. Christine's family pledged Schloss Eschwege as a dowry to her husband's family, who then held it until 1713. The marriage produced nine children but was marked by Ferdinand's morbid jealousy, strange behaviour and violence.
After their marriage the couple moved into the castle in the small town of Bevern. Ferdinand showed a marked interest in culture - for example, he celebrated his wife's thirtieth birthday by commissioning a play to open a new "Comödien-Saal". Christine worked on arts and crafts (an embroidered vanitas by her survives today in the Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum) and collected a small library. Ferdinand also travelled, sometimes accompanied by his wife and mother-in-law. These trips included ones to Stockholm in 1667 and 1670–71, the Imperial Court in Vienna in 1674-75 and frequent journeys to Eschwege. Christine and Ferdinand both moved into the former Osterholz Convent in 1681, then in the Domshof in Bremen and finally from 1686 back in Bevern, where Christine remained until 1702, fifteen years after her husband's death.

## Issue

* Leopold Karl (*/† 1670)
* Friedrich Albert (1672–1673)
* Sophie Eleonore (1674–1711), canoness in Gandersheim
* Claudia Eleonore (1675–1676)
* August Ferdinand (1677–1704), major general
* Ferdinand Albrecht II. (1680–1735)
* Ernst Ferdinand (1682–1746)
* Ferdinand Christian (1682–1706), canon at Brunswick Cathedral
* Heinrich Ferdinand (1684–1706), Imperial Oberstleutnant, killed in the Battle of Turin

## Bibliography (in German)

* Eckhart G. Franz: Das Haus Hessen. Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-17-018919-0.
* Holger Th. Gräf: Christina Landgräfin von Hessen-Kassel, verh. Herzogin von Braunschweig-Bevern [HK 26]. In: Eckhart G. Franz (Hrsg.); u.a.: Haus Hessen. Biografisches Lexikon, Darmstadt 2012, S. 108–109, ISBN 978-3-88443-411-6.
* Hans-Günter Kittelmann: Kleiner Führer durch die Rotenburger Quart 1627–1834 und das Fürstenhaus Hessen-Rotenburg. Rotenburg an der Fulda 2002, ISBN 978-3-00-010155-7.
# Princess Dorothea Wilhelmine of Saxe-Zeitz

Duchess Dorothea Wilhelmine of Saxe-Zeitz (20 March 1691 – 17 March 1743) was a duchess of Saxe-Zeitz by birth and by marriage Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel.

## Life

Dorothea Wilhelmine was a daughter of the Duke Maurice William of Saxe-Zeitz (1664–1718) from his marriage to Princess Marie Amalie of Brandenburg (1670–1739), daughter of the Elector Frederick William I of Brandenburg. By 1710 all her siblings had died and so, after her father's death Dorothea Wilhelmine was the last surviving member of the house of Saxe-Zeitz.
She married on 27 September 1717 in Zeitz with future Landgrave William VIII of Hesse-Kassel (1682–1760). Queen Caroline of Great Britain reported to the Duchess of Orleans, the Landgravine "was ugly and had a weird head".
Dorothea Wilhelmine became mentally ill and no longer appeared in public after 1725. The new first lady at court was the Landgrave's favorite Barbara Christine von Bernhold whom he made Countess Bernold of Eschau while Dorothea Wilhelmine was still alive.

## Issue

From their marriage, Dorothea Wilhelmine had the following children:
* Charles (1718–1719)
* Frederick II (1720–1785), Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
    married 1740 Princess Mary of Great Britain (1723–1772)
* Maria Amalia (1721–1744), she died while engaged to be married with Margrave Charles Frederick Albert of Brandenburg-Schwedt
# Maria Klara of Dietrichstein

Countess Maria Klara von Dietrichstein (7 September 1626 – 28 January 1667), was a German noblewoman, by birth a member of the princely Dietrichstein family and by marriage Countess von Trauttmansdorff.
She was the sixth child and fifth (but fourth surviving) daughter of Maximilian, 2nd Prince von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg, and his first wife Princess Anna Maria, a daughter of Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein, Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf.

## Life

In Vienna on 16 January 1650, Maria Klara married with Count Johann Frederick of Trauttmansdorff, Baron von Gleichenberg (5 January 1619 – 4 February 1696), Imperial Chamberlain and Privy Counsellor. They had six children:
* Sophie Regina (1652 – ?), married on 25 February 1677 to Johann Joseph, Baron Jenischek von Augeszd.
* Johann Frederick Franz (1654 – 26 July 1687).
* Maria Katharina (1656 – 28 July 1673).
* Johanna Beatrix Isabella (9 March 1661 – 13 April 1741), married firstly on 19 May 1680 to Count Wolfgang Thomas Erdödy and secondly on 9 June 1693 to Count Nikolaus Erdödy.
* Maria Elisabeth Anna (3 Sep 1663 – ?), a nun.
* Maria Klara Eleonore (1664/67 – 7 August 1724), married in 1685 to Count Georg Frederick von Mörsperg.
# Clara Elisabeth von Platen

Clara Elisabeth, Countess von Platen-Hallermund (14 January 1648 – 30 January 1700, Schloss Monplaisir, in what is now the Von-Alten-Garten in Hannover), was a German noblewoman, most notable as the mistress of Ernest Augustus (Elector of Hanover, father of George I of Great Britain) and for her involvement in the Königsmarck affair.

## Early life

She was the eldest daughter of Georg Philipp von Meisenbuch-Züschen (1610–1669) and his wife, who was also his relative, Anna Elisabeth von Meisenbuch (1620–1681).

## Court life

Clara Elisabeth's father tried to get her and her sister Catharina positions at the French court at Versailles. When this attempt failed, he placed them at the court of Ernest Augustus, where Clara Elisabeth served as lady-in-waiting to the Duchess Sophia and attracted the Duke's attention. Exerting great influence on him, she had two children with him: Ernst August (1674–1726) and Sophia von Kielmansegg (1675–1717). In spite of being the Duke's / Elector's life-long mistress, Clara Elisabeth was married to Franz Ernst, Baron / Count (Reichsgraf since 1689) von Platen-Hallermund (1631–1709).
# SM UB-111

SM UB-111 was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 5 April 1918 as SM UB-111.
UB-111 was surrendered to Britain on 21 November 1918 in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany and broken up in Bo'ness in 1919-20.

## Construction

She was built by Blohm & Voss of Hamburg and following just under a year of construction, launched at Hamburg on 1 September 1917. UB-111 was commissioned in the spring the next year under the command of Kptlt. Egon von Werner. Like all Type UB III submarines, UB-111 carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a 8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun. UB-111 would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of 7,420 nautical miles (13,740 km; 8,540 mi). UB-111 had a displacement of 519 t (511 long tons) while surfaced and 649 t (639 long tons) when submerged. Her engines enabled her to travel at 13.3 knots (24.6 km/h; 15.3 mph) when surfaced and 7.4 knots (13.7 km/h; 8.5 mph) when submerged.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate |
| 24 August 1918 | Hollandia | Netherlands | 103 | Sunk |
| 24 August 1918 | Majoor Thomson | Netherlands | 113 | Sunk |
| 24 August 1918 | Maria Johanna | Netherlands | 126 | Sunk |
| 24 August 1918 | Neerlandia II | Netherlands | 100 | Sunk |
| 24 August 1918 | Neerlandia III | Netherlands | 117 | Sunk |
| 24 August 1918 | Secunda | Netherlands | 30 | Sunk |
| 24 August 1918 | Stella | Netherlands | 105 | Sunk |
# Dustdevils

The Dustdevils (sometimes styled as DustDevils, Dust Devils, or DUSTdevils) were a noise rock band based out of New York City for most of its existence. Active from the 1980s through the mid 1990s, the Dustdevils were among the first artists to be signed to Matador Records. Its members included bassist Mark Ibold, who later joined Pavement and Sonic Youth in 1992 and 2006, respectively. Ibold met the band while working at a restaurant in the East Village and performed on their album Struggling Electric and Chemical. Sasha Frere-Jones also played guitar in the group for a time.

## History

The band formed in 1984, when British expat Michael Duane, the band's guitarist, met Jaqi Dulany (also known as Jaqui Delaney and Jacqui Cohen), the band's Australian-born vocalist, in New York City. The band then relocated to Leeds from 1986 to 1988, during which time they released several records on Rouska and Keith Gregory of the Wedding Present joined the band as their bassist. They released a Kramer-produced 7" entitled "Is Big Leggy" on TeenBeat Records in 1989, followed by Geek Drip later that year and Struggling Electric and Chemical in 1990. The Wharton Tiers-produced Struggling was released jointly by TeenBeat and Matador, and opened with a cover of "Hip Priest" by The Fall, which was described by Greg Kot as "a mind-blowing masterpiece of corrosion and decay." Jaqi and Michael split in 1993, which left Michael to look for replacement vocalists. Also that year, Gerard Cosloy stopped playing with the band as their stand-in bassist.

## Discography

* Seeds In The Spoil — 1987 (Rouska)
* Rhenyard's Grin — 1987 (Rouska)
* Mother Shipton — 1987 (Rouska)
* The Dropping Well — 1987 (Rouska)
* Gutter Light — 1988 (Rouska)
* Geek Drip — 1989 (Matador)
* "... Is Big Leggy" — 1989 (Teenbeat)
* Struggling Electric and Chemical — 1990 (Teenbeat/Matador)
* "Extant" — 1996 (Matador)
# Zaboli Mahallah Qarah Shur

Zaboli Mahallah Qarah Shur (Persian: زابلي محله قره شور, also Romanized as Zābolī Maḥallah Qarah Shūr; also known as Zabolimohleh) is a village in Kongor Rural District, in the Central District of Kalaleh County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,027, in 224 families.
# Iași Institute of Archaeology

The Iași Institute of Archaeology (Romanian: Institutul de Arheologie Iași; abbreviation: IAI) is an institution of research in the field of archaeology under the auspices of the Romanian Academy. The institute was founded in 1990 in Iași, when the archaeology section of the A.D. Xenopol Institute of History and Archaeology split off.

## Directors

* Alexander Rubel (2011–present)
* Victor Spinei (2003-2011)
* Dan G. Teodor (1990-2003)
# Eula Whitehouse

Eula Whitehouse (1892–1974) was an American botanist, botanical illustrator, and plant collector known for gathering specimens from Africa, Hawaii, Australia, New Zealand, Cyprus, India, Singapore, Fiji, and Mexico.

## Life and work

Whitehouse was born in Cleburne, Texas, on August 1, 1892 and attended University of Texas at Austin, earning a B.A. in 1918 and M.S. in 1931 with a thesis, titled Ecology of Enchanted Rock Vegetation. She completed her PhD in 1939 with a doctoral dissertation titled, A Study of the Annual Phlox Species. At the time, her educational accomplishments were rare as she was among the only 429 women in America to finish her Ph.D. between 1939 and 1940.
She worked in North and Central Texas, first as an instructor at the University of Texas College of Mines (1931–1934), curator of Botany and Zoology at Texas Memorial Museum at Austin (1938–1943), and as a schoolteacher in Electra, Texas (1944–1946).
She worked at Southern Methodist University as a botany professor, head of the herbarium, and curator of the plant cryptogams. The standard author abbreviation Whitehouse is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. Her collection of botanical books formed an initial part of the library at the Botanical Research Institute of Texas.
Whitehouse was listed in Who’s Who of American Women (in 1959) and American Men of Science (in 1944), apparently because, at that time, publications were lacking that honored women in science. (In 1971, its name was changed to American Men and Women of Science.)

## Selected works

In 1936, Whitehouse authored and illustrated Texas Flowers in Natural Colors. it was one of the first books devoted to Texas wildflowers
# Hefter

Hefter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Hefter (1892–1957), Romanian poet, journalist, and writer of Jewish descent
* Gus Hefter (1873–1922), Australian rules footballer
* Richard Hefter (1941–2011), American writer
# 1st Bezlesnoye

1st Bezlesnoye or Pervoye Bezlesnoye (Russian: 1-е Безлесное, Первое Безлесное) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Lebyazhensky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 43 (2010 Census); 41 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Mlodat River (a left tributary of the Seym), 88 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 13 km south-east of Kursk, 3.5 km from the selsoviet center – Cheryomushki.

### Climate

1st Bezlesnoye has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

1st Bezlesnoye is located 4.5 km from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-416 (Kursk – Petrin), 1 km from the road 38H-417 (38N-416 – 2nd Bezlesnoye), 8 km from the nearest railway halt Zaplava (railway line Klyukva — Belgorod).
The rural locality is situated 17.5 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 107 km from Belgorod International Airport and 203 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# COLLAPS experiment

The COLinear LAser SPectroscopy (COLLAPS) experiment is located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The purpose of the experiment is to investigate ground and isomeric state properties of exotic, short lived nuclei, including spins, electro-magnetic moments and charge radii. The experiment has been operating since the late 1970s, and is the oldest active experiment at ISOLDE.

## Background

The technique of collinear spectroscopy was developed in the mid-1970s by S.L. Kaufman. This describes a method of obtaining narrow absorption lines, specifically providing a sensitivity ideal for experiments on short-lived isotopes.
Two beams are used in the technique: a laser beam sent through the sample, and a probe beam. The alignment of both beams collinearly (along the same path) allow for control of the time and spatial overlap. This enables investigation into the nuclear properties of the sample simultaneously.

## Experiment setup

COLLAPS is located within the ISOLDE facility at CERN, giving it access to the radioactive ions produced by ISOLDE's resonance ionisation laser ion source (RILIS). The ions are delivered to the COLLAPS beamline and are excited using tunable continuous-wave lasers through the technique of collinear spectroscopy. The laser systems produce laser light in the 210 nm to 1000 nm range with a narrow linewidth. The systems allow access to the atomic transitions necessary for the short-lived nuclei produced by ISOLDE.
Laser spectroscopy is better performed on a neutral atom, and therefore a charge exchange cell (CEC) is needed to neutralise the ionic beam from ISOLDE. A CEC neutralises the ions by causing the ionic beam to collide with the alkali vapours in the cell and transfer charge. Prior to entering the CEC, the ions are reaccelerated (retarded) and a scan of the atomic transition is taken using Doppler-tuning electrodes. Laser spectroscopy is then performed on the neutral atom, however can also be performed directly on the ion. The detection system, located at the end of the beamline, consists of eight large-diameter aspheric lenses. The atoms de-excite and release fluorescent light, which is transferred to the four photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) by the lenses.

## Results

The following are some notable results from the COLLAPS experiment.
* Charge radii, spins and electro-magnetic moments for various isotopes, including magic isotopes
* Developing the laser spectroscopy setup to examine very exotic isotopes
* Found first direct evidence for the importance of proton and neutron excitations across shell gaps in ground state wave functions of neutron-rich Mn isotopes
# Mitchell Nunatak

Mitchell Nunatak (70°58′S 71°30′E﻿ / ﻿70.967°S 71.500°E﻿ / -70.967; 71.500) is the central nunatak in a group of three nunataks in the northern part of the Manning Nunataks in Antarctica. The Manning Nunataks were photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in 1946–47, and by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) in 1957. They were visited by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1965 and by the ANARE Prince Charles Mountains survey party in 1969. This nunatak was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for R. Mitchell, a senior diesel mechanic at Mawson Station in 1969.
# Habbus al-Muzaffar

Habbus bin Maksen al-Muzaffar (Arabic: حبوس بن ماكسن بن زيري), of the Zirid dynasty, was ruler of the Taifa of Granada from 1019 to 1038. He was the successor to his uncle Zawi ben Ziri. His first Vizier was Samuel ibn Naghrillah, the renowned Jewish scholar and politician. Under his rule, the prestige of the taifa was greatly increased, and he carried out military campaigns against neighbor states, increasing Granada's territory. The Jewish population in the city increased to 5,000, and Lucena flourished as a Jewish scholarly site.
He had two sons, Badis and Buluggin, and was succeeded by Badis.

## Sources

* ↑ C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 17.
* Ibn Khaldun (trans. William MacGuckin Slane), Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale, vol. 2, Imprimerie du Gouvernement, 1854, 635 p.
* Rafael Halperin The Golden and the destruction age of Spanish Jewry.
| Preceded byZawi ben Ziri | Zirid dynasty Taifa kings of Granada 1019-1038 | Succeeded byBadis ben Habus |
# Rob Curley

Rob Curley (born January 10, 1971) is the former president and executive editor of Greenspun Interactive, the new-media division of the Las Vegas Sun and Greenspun Media Group. Curley has been distinguished for his work in hyperlocal convergence journalism. He left the Sun in May 2012 to pursue other interests. Since 2016 Curley has been the editor for the Spokesman-Review in Spokane, Washington.

## Naples Daily News

Prior to joining the Las Vegas Sun in June 2008, Curley was the Vice President of Product Development for Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive for two years. Curley was brought on to the WPNI staff on October 2, 2006.
Prior to moving to The Washington Post, Rob Curley was the Director of New Media/Convergence of the Naples Daily News between 2005 and 2006.
With his team of Eric Moritz (programmer), Levi Chronister (site manager), and Kori Rumore (designer), they redesigned the award-winning Bonitanews.com. Under Curley's leadership, the work of Ellyn Angelotti at Bonitanews.com picked up a NAA Digital Edge award for "Most Innovative Multimedia Storytelling" in February, 2006 for its high school sports coverage.
The Naples Daily News' main site, Naplesnews.com, was relaunched in January, 2006 with much of the same team, Eric Moritz (programmer), Levi Chronister (site manager), and Todd Soligo (designer). Under Curley's leadership, Naplesnews.com received an Editor & Publisher Eppy Award for "Best Internet News Service (fewer than one million unique visitors per month) in 2006".

## The Spokesman Review

Curley joined The Spokesman Review in August 2016 and is the Executive Editor as of 2023.