OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ulundurpettai

Ulundurpettai or Ulundurpet is a municipality in Ulundurpet taluka of Kallakurichi district of Tamil Nadu, India. It is at the intersection of NH 68 and NH 45 located 205 km from Chennai and 129 km from Tiruchirappalli. Ulundurpettai itself is a Constituency for Tamil Nadu State Assembly, and is the Taluk headquarters for Ulundurpet taluka in the eastern region of Kallakurichi district, and is in Ulundurpet revenue block.
The Panchayat Town also has a railway station connecting Villupuram Junction, Villupuram and Virudhachalam Junction, Virudhachalam.- Ulundurpet railway station.

## Etymology

Ulundurpet was once the home for Palyagar (பாளையகாரர்). The remains of the mud fort are still to be seen. The name Ulundurpettai is derived from the Saivaite temple currently called as Mashapureeswarar (மாஷபுரீஸ்வரர்) temple, located in the area Ulundandar Kovil (உளுந்தண்டார் கோவில்), dedicated to Ulundandar or the Lord of the black-gram.
The story goes that a merchant was once halting there with a consignment of pepper (மிளகு). When a man came up and asked what was in the bags. The merchant lied and said it was black-gram (உளுந்து) to which the stranger replied 'Let it be so'. At the next stage the man found that his goods had actually been changed into black-gram and returning to the spot where he had told the lie he found the stranger still there and realized that he was Lord Siva. The merchant then built a temple for the lord.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 India census, the town of Ulundurpettai had a population of 23,734. Males constituted 50% of the population and females 50%. Ulundurpettai had an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 79%, and female literacy was 63%. As of 2011 in Ulundurpettai, 12% of the population was under 6 years of age.

## Politics

Ulundurpettai assembly constituency is part of Villupuram (Lok Sabha constituency). Ulundurpet is one of the state assembly constituencies in Tamil Nadu. A J Manikannan is the Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly since May 2, 2021.
# Bengal studies

Bengal studies (Bengali: বঙ্গবিদ্যা; Bangabidya) is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the Bengali people, culture, language, literature, and history. The focus of this field, which qualifies as area studies and cultural studies, is on Indic Bengalis who follow an indigenous system of faith and refer to themselves as Bengalis. It is a subset of South Asian studies or Indology.
A study of the history and culture of the Bengali people have been undertaken by the Bengalis themselves and others like Muhammadal-Biruni travelling to Bengal since medieval times. The work of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay is often considered to be a forerunner of Bengali studies after the Mughal period, while Ishwar Chandra Gupta pioneered the study of Bengali poets through a critically annotated collection of the diverse oral poetic traditions of Bengal. Twentieth-century Bengali historians like Ramesh Chandra Majumdar and Niharranjan Ray were among the prominent researchers of the history and culture of the Bengali people.

## International Congress of Bengal Studies

* 2010: 1st International Congress; University of Delhi, India
* 2011: 2nd International Congress; University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
* 2013: 3rd International Congress; University of Calcutta, India
* 2015: 4th International Congress; Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan
* 2018: 5th International Congress; Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh
# Ange Zhang

Ange Zhang (Chinese: 张安戈; pinyin: Zhāng Āngē; born March 19, 1951) is a Chinese-born Canadian illustrator and animation artist.
The son of Guang Weiran, a famous Chinese writer, he was born in Beijing and studied at the Central Academy of Drama in China and the Banff Centre in Canada. Zhang grew up during the Cultural Revolution. He joined the Red Guard but was later sent to a farm in Shanxi province. There he discovered painting and drawing. He later worked as a set designer for the National Opera Theatre in Beijing. Zhang was working as a set designer at the Banff Centre for the Arts at the time of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. The Canadian government offered asylum to visitors from China at that time and Zhang decided to accept that offer. He holds Canadian citizenship.
While he was working on set design for the Stratford Festival, he met Ken Nutt at a drawing class in Stratford. Nutt suggested that he try illustrating children's books. That led to him illustrating W. D. Valgardson's book Thor, which won a Mr. Christie's Book Award.
He married Pingna Sheng; the couple have one son Eric.

## Selected work

* To the Mountains (1995) text by Diana Wieler
* The Fishing Summer (1997) text by Teddy Jam (pseudonym for Matt Cohen)
* Red Land, Yellow River: A Story from the Cultural Revolution (2004), finalist for the Norma Fleck Award and for the Governor General's Award for English-language children's literature and winner of the Bologna Ragazzi award for young adult non-fiction at the Bologna Children's Book Fair
# Roland Clauws

Roland Julien Clauws (6 December 1933 – 13 April 2004) was a French professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Honours

Lille
* Division 1: 1953–54
* Division 2: 1963–64
* Coupe de France: 1954–55
* Coupe Charles Drago runner-up: 1954, 1956
# Norbuprenorphine

Norbuprenorphine is a major active metabolite of the opioid modulator buprenorphine. It is a μ-opioid, δ-opioid, and nociceptin receptor full agonist, and a κ-opioid receptor partial agonist. In rats, unlike buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine produces marked respiratory depression but with very little antinociceptive effect. In explanation of these properties, norbuprenorphine has been found to be a high affinity P-glycoprotein substrate, and in accordance, shows very limited blood-brain-barrier penetration.
# Man and Machine (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Rock Hard | 8.0/10 |
Man and Machine is the eighth studio album by German heavy metal band U.D.O., released on 24 July 2002. A music video was made for "Dancing with an Angel" featuring a duet performance with Udo Dirkschneider and Warlock vocalist Doro Pesch.

## Personnel
### U.D.O.

* Udo Dirkschneider – vocals, producer
* Stefan Kaufmann – guitar, producer, engineer, mixing
* Igor Gianola – guitar
* Fitty Wienhold – bass
* Lorenzo Milani – drums

### Additional musicians

* Doro Pesch – additional vocals on "Dancing with an Angel"
* Frank Knight – backing vocals on "Animal Instinct" and "The Dawn of the Gods"

### Production

* Manfred Melchior – mastering
* Jens Rosendahl – cover art, photography
* Oliver Kämper – design
# Black Council

In the history of Ukraine, the Black Council (Ukrainian: Чорна рада, romanized: Chorna rada) was a council (rada) of Ukrainian Cossacks in which participated a large number of ordinary Cossacks, as well as local commoners (usually a Cossack rada was convened among the Cossack starshyna). The name comes from the Ukrainian word чернь (chern [uk], "blacks"), a demeaning term for rank-and-file Cossacks and lowly folk in general, "plebs". The most famous of these was the Black Council of 1663.
Usually Black Rada signified drastic changes among the starshyna.
# Vietnam at the 2020 Summer Paralympics

Vietnam competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 August to 5 September 2021.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Silver | Lê Văn Công | Powerlifting | Men's 49 kg | 26 August |

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games:
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Athletics | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Powerlifting | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Swimming | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Total | 4 | 3 | 7 |

## Athletics

One Vietnamese javelin thrower, Cao Ngọc Hùng (F57) successfully to break through the qualifications for the 2020 Paralympics after breaking the qualification limit.
Field Events - Men
| Athlete | Events | Result | Rank |
| Cao Ngọc Hùng | Javelin throw F57 | 43.91 | 6 |
Field Events - Women
| Athlete | Events | Result | Rank |
| Nguyễn Thị Hải | Shot put F57 | 8.20 | 10 |
| Nguyễn Thị Hải | Discus throw F57 | 27.39 | 9 |

## Powerlifting

| Athlete | Events | Result | Rank |
| Lê Văn Công | Men's –49kg | 173 | |
| Châu Hoàng Tuyết Loan | Women's –55kg | 103 | 6 |

## Swimming

Three Vietnamese swimmer has successfully entered the paralympic slot after breaking the MQS.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Đỗ Thanh Hải | 100 m breaststroke SB5 | 1.35.97 | 4 | 1.35.68 | 6 |
| Võ Thanh Tùng | 50 m freestyle S5 | | | | |
| Võ Thanh Tùng | 100 m freestyle S5 | 1:20.51 | 6 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Võ Thanh Tùng | 200 m freestyle S5 | 3:14.11 | 7 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Võ Thanh Tùng | 50 m butterfly S5 | DSQ | DSQ | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Võ Thanh Tùng | 50 m backstroke S5 | 40:07 | 5 | Did not advance | |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Trịnh Thị Bích Như | 100 m breaststroke SB5 | 1.53.31 | 4 | 1.53.00 | 7 |
| Trịnh Thị Bích Như | 50 m freestyle S6 | 39:14 | 8 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Trịnh Thị Bích Như | 50 m butterfly S6 | 42.60 | 7 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Trịnh Thị Bích Như | 200 m medley SM6 | 3:35.16 | 7 | did not advance | did not advance |
# Iliyana Gocheva

Iliyana Gocheva (Bulgarian: Илияна Гочева, born 11 February 1976) is a retired Bulgarian female volleyball player.
She was part of the Bulgaria women's national volleyball team at the 1998 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Japan, and the 2002 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Germany.
# Johann Gie

Johann Coenraad Gie was a businessman, community leader, and Grand Master of the Freemasons in Cape Colony.

## Personal life

Gie was born in Zürich, Switzerland, on 22 March 1727. He was one of the children of Andreas Caspar Gie and Anne Marie Liguren. He died 1 July 1797 in Cape Town.
He arrived on 23 January 1751 on the ship Rosenburg from Texel, Netherlands, as a young man working in the military. He was married on 18 December 1757 to Engela Johanna Leij. They had six children.
His working life started in the military. In 1761 he became a general merchant and later a supplier of goods. He supplied ships with goods at the refreshment station in Cape Town harbour on their way to India or Europe. He had a special licence for that.
While busy with his merchant supply activities he became the Orphan-Master of the Cape Colony in 1768. The function of the Orphan-Chamber was to look after the interest of orphans. Later in the same year he was appointed the Civil Commissioner in Matrimonial Affairs at the Matrimonial Court. The function of the Court was to establish whether couples who wanted to marry were eligible. The Court consisted of a president and six members. This court was abolished by Sir David Baird in 1806, long after Gie's death.
In 1779 he added the task of Commissioner of Fleet Affairs. These fleet affairs dealt with the management of the fleet of ships, especially regarding logistics and docking. The Dutch East India Company had a political council that governed the Cape Colony. This political council supervised the regulations of the Lords Seventeen (Dutch: Heren XVII). The Political Council appointed three citizens to attend meetings where normal citizens were involved. Those three people were called the Citizen Council. In 1784 Gie was appointed to the Council. In 1786, his request that the number of the Citizen Council be expanded to six was granted. He was appointed to the rank of captain in the civil society. In 1793, the Cape Colony was divided into wards. Gie became master of one of the wards.

## Freemasonry

Together with A. Chiron (first Grand Master), J. A. le Febre, P. Soermans, Christoffel Brand, J. A. van Schoor, Olof de Wet, and P. J. de Wit, Gie started the first Freemason Lodge in South Africa. It was called Lodge de Goede Hoop. In 1776, he was appointed Grand Master but, due to his inability to speak English, he had to step down. Being Swiss, however, he was fluent in German and French.
# Catchment area (health)

A catchment area in health refers to the geographic area from which a health facility, such as a hospital or clinic, draws its patients. It is an important concept in public health and healthcare planning as it helps in resource allocation, service delivery, and accessibility assessment. A catchment area is also a more broad concept.

## Importance in healthcare

Health catchment areas are crucial for assessing healthcare accessibility and disparities. They are used to evaluate population health outcomes, especially for diseases like cancer and chronic conditions. Understanding the catchment area helps health systems optimize service coverage, measure healthcare utilization, and identify underserved regions.

## Applications

Catchment areas are often employed in research to study the relationship between geographical factors and healthcare outcomes. For example, they are used in cancer research to understand the distribution of cases and ensure that healthcare resources are equitably distributed. They are also used in epidemiological studies to assess the reach and impact of healthcare interventions.

## Limitations

One challenge in defining catchment areas is that they may not accurately reflect patient behavior or health-seeking patterns, particularly in areas where patients have access to multiple health facilities.
# Dick Haynes

Dick Haynes (January 9, 1911 – November 24, 1980) was an American actor and radio personality. He had minor roles in films and television that began with an uncredited appearance as a reporter in the 1954 MGM film, Tennessee Champ. His final role was as "Grandpa" in the 1980 film Getting Wasted, shortly before his death from cancer.

## Career

His most significant roles were three guest star appearances on television shows during the 1960s, starting with portraying Phillips in "Incident at Pawnee Gun", a 1962 episode of Frontier Circus; as Sheriff in "Four Alarm Wing Ding," a 1966 episode of The Rounders; and as Colonel Tim in "Howard, the Comedian," a 1967 episode from the 7th season of The Andy Griffith Show. He also was on the radio program Haynes at the Reins.
After he left KLAC, he spent a year at KXLA in the nearby city of Pasadena. He returned to KLAC the following year, and hosted the morning drive-time (5:30–10am) slot for the next five years before he moved to Sacramento and helped launch its popular country music station, KRAK. By 1966, he went back to southern California, and worked as the morning man at KFOX Long Beach, and then returned to KLAC, which had switched to country music, from 1971 until shortly before his death in 1980.
Haynes was recognized for his radio work by his induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame, and also has a star on Hollywood Boulevard.

## Filmography

* Make Believe Ballroom (1949) - Announcer (uncredited)
* The Red Badge of Courage (1951) - Confederate Soldier (uncredited)
* Washington Story (1952) - Photographer (uncredited)
* Tennessee Champ (1954) - Reporter (uncredited)
* The Fuzzy Pink Nightgown (1957) - Disc Jockey
* Don't Give Up the Ship (1959) - Captain of the USS 'Kornblatt' (uncredited)
* Last Train from Gun Hill (1959) - Townsmen (uncredited)
* The Phantom Planet (1961) - Col. Lansfield
* The Silent Witness (1962)
* A Time to Sing (1968) - Master of Ceremonies
* Support Your Local Sheriff! (1969) - Bartender
* Support Your Local Gunfighter (1971) - Bartender
* Baker's Hawk (1976) - 2nd Man
* Bad Georgia Road (1977) - C.B. Man
* Getting Wasted (1980) - Grandpa (final film role)
# Ototrema schildti

Ototrema schildti is a species of trematode that parasitizes bats. It was described as a new species in 1978. O. schildti was initially discovered in the intestine of a little brown bat in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Little brown bats have the highest concentration of O. schildti in September and October. It can be a locally common parasite; in one population in Wisconsin, 97% of examined little brown bats were infected by O. schildti, with one bat containing 623 individuals.

## Description

Ototrema schildti has an aspinose body measuring 346 to 421 μm long and 181 to 253 μm wide. The oral sucker is 55 to 71 μm long and 61 to 79 μm wide. When the ventrolateral papillae are viewed at an oblique angle they become conspicuous. The trematode lacks a prepharynx and the pharynx is 11 to 20 μm long and 22 to 25 μm wide. The ceca do not extend to the testes. At midlevel the acetabulum measures 55 to 71 μm in diameter. The equatorial and subspherical testes are 44 to 66 μm in diameter.
The curved cirrus sac is 80 to 173 μm long and 33 to 52 μm wide. The sac extends from the dorsal region to reaching or overlapping the acetabulum. It extends anteriorly to the cecal bifurcation, and recurves towards the genital pore in front of the acetabulum. The cirrus is often extended and covered with long and sharp spines. The vasa efferentia unite at the base of the cirrus sac to form an internally winding seminal vesicle.
The ovoid ovary measures 55 to 77 μm long and 40 to 71 μm wide. The ovary has smooth contours and posteriorly tapers towards the oviduct. The seminal recepticale is bipartite and has a long Laurer's canal that rises from the distal ends, extending posteriorly and dorsally. The finely dissected vitellaria are present in lateral fields and do not overlap medially. The vitellaria are in the region between the oral sucker and ceca. The many-coiled uterus fills the posterior section of the body.
The genital pore is median and immediately precetabular. The oval, operculate eggs measure 18 to 21 μm long and 9 to 11 μm wide. The V-shaped bladder is hidden by the many coils of the uterus, and extends to the testes.
# Bodo saltans

Bodo saltans (alternatively known as Pleuromonas jaculans) is a free-living nonparasitic species of kinetoplastid flagellated phagotrophic protozoa that feed on bacteria. Bodo saltans cells have been reported in freshwater and marine environments.
Bodo saltans is a single-celled bean-shaped organism 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It has two flagella: a short anterior projecting flagellum and a longer posterior-projecting flagellum without hairs (acronematic) that extends beyond the length of the cell. B. saltans secures itself to the substrate of its aquatic habitat by the tip of a posterior flagellum. Flexing of the posterior flagellum results in a twitching, jumping movement that is characteristic of this species. This type of movement appears similar to the undulating membrane of the sexually-transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis and can result in a false-positive diagnosis in cases where B. saltans is a contaminant in test samples, especially if a nonsterile saline solution has been used.
Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial RNA editing process and inferred protein sequences in B. saltans appear to show that B. saltans diverged early on from the evolutionary line of kinetoplastids and that this species of bodonid is more closely related to the trypanosomatids than at least two species of parasitic bodonids of the genus Cryptobia.
Analysis based on the sequence of the topoisomerase II (topo II) gene provides evidence that B. saltans is a predecessor of the trypanosomatids. Commonly, the molecules of mitochondrial DNA in eukaryotes are circular and replication and transcription result in topological stress that is mitigated by enzymes called topoisomerases. Kinetoplastids possess a single mitochondrion with what is perhaps the most complex network of mitochondrial "kDNA" in small and large circular forms. As a consequence, mitochondrial genes for topoisomerases are available in high quantities that make it an attractive focus of genetic study. It is also the significance of the enzyme class of topoisomerases to the function of kinetoplastids that makes the topo genes a target for the medical treatment of trypanosomal and leishmanial diseases.
In one phylogenetic tree, the parasitic kinetoplastids included two separate groups of species – C. helicis and Trypanoplasma borreli in one group and the trypanosomatids in the other. The non-parasitic free-living B. saltans and B. uncinatus were distributed among the two groups, which implies that the bodonids such as B. saltans, may not have been predecessors of the parasitic species. Other studies show that the trypanosomatids evolved relatively late among the kinetoplastids and constitute a monophyletic group, but that the bodonids may be paraphyletic.
The species is known for being infected by a giant virus, the Bodo saltans virus, a member of the Mimiviridae family.
# Metaplot

The metaplot (also, metastory) is the overarching storyline that binds together events in the official continuity of a published role-playing game campaign setting, also defined as an "evolving history of a given fictional universe". Major official story events that change the world, or simply move important non-player characters from one place to another, are part of the metaplot for a game. Metaplot information is usually included within gaming products such as rule books and modules as they are released. Major events in the metaplot are often used to explain changes in the rules in between versions of the games, as was the case with the Time of Judgment in White Wolf's World of Darkness and the Time of Troubles and the Sundering for TSR's/Wizards of the Coast's Forgotten Realms. Because of events like this, many gaming groups choose to ignore the metaplot for a game entirely.
Metaplot is often developed not just by the writers, but by teams - multiple writers, editors, publishers, graphic designers and even players. The concept is related to more than just role-playing sourcebooks, as much of the metaplot can come from other media, such as novels (for example, The Legend of Drizzt or the Dragonlance novels, representative of numerous Dungeons & Dragons fiction). For the Forgotten Realms this was the case only after its inception, while it was part of the design from the start for the Dark Sun setting. For campaign settings based on movies, TV shows or other pieces of fiction, the plot of those works usually functions as the metaplot, while for historical settings history itself may fill this role.
Metaplot appears in settings of various genres like The Dark Eye, Deadlands, Dragonlance, Fading Suns, Legend of the Five Rings, and Shadowrun.

## Reception

The metaplot is meant to "give the players a sense of immersion in a large and complex world as well as an aesthetic appreciation of the story they were witnessing" whenever their characters come into contact with it. The narrative tool of metaplot has been criticised for shifting the focus away from the player characters and making them "marginal rather than central figures".
Role-playing game designer Jasmin Neitzel commented that metaplot could facilitate constructive interaction of players with a game setting within and beyond individual gaming groups, but could be a hindrance in getting beyond harmful stereotypes used in past products.
Olaf Pajączkowski notes that the metaplot constraints reduce the freedom of writers, who have to respect the history and present events in the universe (as many books are set in the present), and they cannot "break the world". Pajączkowski gives an example of Elaine Cunningham's novel Reclamation which was cancelled because the metaplot evolved changing the world (a 100-year jump) making her book 'obsolete', and the publisher decided it's not worth finishing as it was no longer set in the "present" of the evolving Forgotten Realms universe.