OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act of Connecticut

The John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act of Connecticut (CTVRA) is a Connecticut state statute and State Voting Rights Act (SVRA) designed to protect voting rights. It is modeled after the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965. It codifies many of the requirements of the federal act into state law and contains provisions designed to prevent discrimination. This includes preclearance provisions, the federal version of which is currently inoperable following the Supreme Court's decision in Shelby County v. Holder.

## Legislative history

The CTVRA was passed as part (§§ 410–418) of Connecticut's biennium 2023 budget bill (Public Act 23-204). It was signed into law by Governor Ned Lamont on June 12, 2023.

## Key provisions
### Language assistance

The CTVRA requires certain municipalities to provide language assistance for voting. It codifies into state law requirements of the federal Voting Rights Act, but also goes beyond it. According to the Office of the Secretary of the State of Connecticut a municipality is subject to these requirements if they meet any of the following criteria.
* More than 2% of the municipality's voting-age citizens speak a particular shared language other than English and are limited English proficient individuals.
* More than 4,000 of the municipality's voting-age citizens speak a particular shared language other than English and are limited English proficient individuals.
* In the case of a municipality that contains any part of a Native American reservation, more than 2% of the reservation's Native American voting-age citizens speak a particular shared language other than English and are limited English proficient individuals.
Under these criteria there are 22 municipalities in Connecticut subject to the language assistance requirements of the CTVRA.
# Observatorio Venezolano de Prisiones

The Observatorio Venezolano de Prisiones (OVP, in English Venezuelan Observatory of Prisons) is a Venezuelan NGO working to improve human rights for prisoners. Its offices are located in Caracas.

## History

The OVP was founded in 2002. Among its members there are political scientists, criminologists, sociologists, architects and experts in the prison system.
The organisation was very vocal when in 2014 when 34 inmates at the Uribana prison died during protests. This was in the wake of the 2013 Uribana prison riot in which over 60 prisoners died.
The IACHR expressed concerns after government official Diosdado Cabello informed on his TV program Hitting with the Hammer when several representatives of the OVP were arriving in Venezuela after an international tour. The IACH considered Cabello was threatening them by notifying what were private details of a trip.
# Harihar Soren

Harihar Soren (28 August 1929 – 28 November 2004) was an Indian politician and belonged to Indian National Congress. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Keonjhar in Odisha. Soren died on 28 November 2004, at the age of 75.
# Hawston

Hawston is a village in the Western Cape, South Africa, It is a fishing village north-east of Mudge Point, 5 km north-west of Onrusrivier and 11 km from Hermanus. It is named after C.R. Haw, a civil commissioner of Caledon.
Located in the Overstrand Local Municipality, about an hour from Cape Town, it is located between Fisherhaven and Vermont, Western Cape, and is close to Hermanus.
# Aztekium

The genus Aztekium contains two species of small globular cactus. Discovered in 1929 by F. Ritter, in Rayones, Nuevo León, Mexico, this genus was thought to be monotypic (with Aztekium ritteri) until a second species (Aztekium hintonii) was discovered by George S. Hinton, in Galeana, Nuevo León in 1991. A further possible species, Aztekium valdezii, was described in 2011, but is considered to be a synonym of A. ritteri.

## Description

Aztekium ritteri is a plant that is around 20 mm wide, with 9 to 11 ribs, which typically have transverse wrinkles. Its color varies from pale green to grayish-green. The center of the cactus contains white wool. Flowers are less than 10 mm wide, with white petals and pinkish sepals. The plants bear pinkish berry-like fruits. A. hintonii is larger, to 10 cm in diameter, 10 to 18 grooved ribs, flowers magenta to 3 cm. It grows only on gypsum.

## Species

| Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
| | Aztekium hintonii | Nuevo León |
| | Aztekium ritteri | Mexico |

## Etymology

Its name is dedicated to the Aztec people, due to the resemblance between the plant's shape and certain Aztec sculptures.

## Distribution

This genus is found only in the state of Nuevo León in Mexico. It was estimated that there were in the order of tens of millions of plants of A. hintonii, and at present most of its range is pristine. Though A. ritteri has been collected for decades and there has been destruction of its habitat, the number of plants in habitat is several million.

## Cultivation

These species grow extremely slowly, taking around two years to attain a diameter of 3 mm. They are usually propagated by seeds.

## Phytochemistry

The plants contain the following compounds:
* N-methyltyramine
* hordenine
* anhalidine
* mescaline
* N,N-3,4-dimethoxy-phenethylamine
* pellotine
* 3-methoxytyramine
# Google Currents (social app)

Google Currents was a software application developed by Google for internal enterprise communication. It is one of many products that constitute the Google Workspace line of products.
Google Currents was different from the also defunct Google app of the same name, which provided users with access to an electronic library of magazines from 2011 to 2013. It was replaced by the Spaces feature in Google Chat in March 2023. Google announced shutting down for business and education on July 5, 2023.

## History and development

Originally called Google+ for G Suite, Currents was, up until its closure in 2023, the sole remnant of Google's defunct social network Google+, which the company shut down entirely for personal and brand use on April 2, 2019.
In June 2020, Google Currents was in Public Beta for Google Workspace clients. A free trial could also be requested.
On February 10, 2022, Google announced that it would be planning to "wind down" Google Currents and transition its users to the Spaces feature in Google Chat the next year.
# Euretaster insignis

Euretaster insignis, commonly known as the striking sea star, is a species of starfish in the family Pterasteridae found in the central west Pacific Ocean. It is one of only three species in the order Velatida to be found in shallow water in the tropics. The young are brooded in a cavity underneath a "supradorsal" membrane.

## Taxonomy and evolution

This starfish was first described in 1882 by marine biologist Percy Sladen as Retaster insignis, Retaster being a small segregate genus of Pteraster. In 1940, the genus had to change its name after Walter Kenrick Fisher noted that the type species of Retaster he had himself designated (as Perrier, the original coiner, had failed to do so), Pteraster capensis was in fact a sound species of Pteraster, which automatically made the former genus a synonym of the latter. The genus known as Retaster required a new name, and the one Fisher coined was Euretaster, with R. insignis as its type species.
The order Velatida are presumed to be the earliest lineage of living sea stars to diverge from the ancestral line, their closest living relatives being the abyssal sea daisies in the order Peripodida. The three members of the genus Euretaster are the only tropical, shallow-water species in the order Velatida, the remaining members living at abyssal depths. It might be presumed that the order has its origin in deep water, however there are numerous shallow-water fossils of velatidans dating from the Cretaceous period and it seems that these ancient forms have largely been driven out of shallow water habitats by competition from recent, more-advanced taxa.

## Description

This small starfish is star-shaped and has five stubby arms. The aboral (upper) surface has an inflated appearance due to it being covered by a "supradorsal" membrane; this is supported by bundles of spinelets borne on the flat plates that are arranged in a mosaic pattern on the cuticle below. This membrane encloses a supradorsal cavity filled with sea water, which is connected to the water column by a central osculum (aperture), which opens and closes periodically. The membrane has a reticulated pattern of ridges and small conical protrusions. It is patterned in some combination of red, white and brown.

## Distribution and habitat

Euretaster insignis is native to the tropical western central Pacific Ocean from the intertidal zone down to about 132 m (430 ft). It is found on coral reefs, rocky coasts, sand and muddy rubble.

## Ecology

The sexes are separate in Euretaster insignis. Instead of being planktonic, the developing embryos are brooded in the supradorsal cavity, and even receive nourishment from the mother in the form of a mucosal secretion from the cuticle; they receive this because their presence irritates the lining of the cavity causing it to secrete the fluid in a process that has been described as "cannibalistic ectoparasitism". The larvae are brooded until they are about 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter at which time they are liberated as juvenile starfish into the sea.
# USS Corpus Christi (PF-44)

USS Corpus Christi (PF-44), a Tacoma-class frigate, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for Corpus Christi, Texas.

## Construction

Corpus Christi (PF-44) was launched 17 August 1943, by Consolidated Steel Corp., Wilmington, California; sponsored by Mrs. C. Driscoll; commissioned 29 January 1944, at San Pedro, California and reported to the Pacific Fleet.

## Service history

Corpus Christi cleared San Pedro on 31 May 1944, sailing for Nouméa, Cairns, and Perth, Western Australia, arriving 18 July. Here she had duty aiding submarines in exercises and training under Commander, Submarines, 7th Fleet. Corpus Christi was twice commended for unusual accomplishments while under this command, first for locating and rescuing 92 survivors of the torpedoed SS Peter Silvester in the Indian Ocean 13 February 1945 after an extended search by all available ships of the United States and Australian Navies, and second, for refueling the British battleship HMS Howe at sea between 13 and 15 June.
Corpus Christi stood out of Perth 27 August 1945 for Manus, Pearl Harbor, and San Pedro, arriving 3 October. Here she was converted into a weather ship at Terminal Island. Corpus Christi was on loan to the Coast Guard from 15 April to 5 July 1946. She was decommissioned 2 August 1946 and sold 3 October 1947.
# Sanson

Sanson may refer to:

## Places

* Sanson, New Zealand

## People

* Samson, biblical judge sometimes known as "Sansón"
* Sansón (wrestler) (born 1994), Mexican wrestler
* Audley Sanson (born 1974), Jamaican cricketer
* Boris Sanson (born 1980), French sabre fencer
* Charles-Henri Sanson (1739–1806), public executioner of France from 1788 to 1795
* Ernest Sanson (1836–1918), French architect
* Henry-Clément Sanson (1799-1889), Royal Executioner of Paris from 1840 to 1847
* Jean-Baptiste Sanson de Pongerville (1782–1870), French poet and member of the Académie française
* Morgan Sanson (born 1994), French footballer
* Nicolas Sanson (1600–1667), French cartographer
* Raoul Grimoin-Sanson (1860–1940), inventor in the field of early cinema
* Sansón (footballer) (1924-2012), Spanish footballer
* Véronique Sanson (born 1949), French singer-songwriter
* Yvonne Sanson (1926–2003), Italian film actress

## Characters

* Andre Sanson, a fictional privateer and antagonist in Michael Crichton's 2009 novel, Pirate Latitudes

## Other uses

* Sanson (cycling team), several teams
* Sanson Tramway, New Zealand
# The Shack (journalism)

The Shack is the nickname used by reporters for the structure where police reporters cover crime in New York City. In most cities, such a bureau is nicknamed a "cop shop." It is named after a cramped office which was located inside the NYPD headquarters, where journalists report on crime stories.
The first in-headquarters press bureau began in 1863, in the basement of the NYPD headquarters on Mulberry Street. In 1875, police superintendent George W. Walling expelled the press from the building, saying they were too intrusive in police matters. When the NYPD moved to its Beaux-Arts headquarters at 240 Centre Street in 1910, the press set up shop in a tenement across the street. Its poor conditions may have resulted in the nickname. This location was the office for several well-known reporters, including Gay Talese, David Halberstam, Joe Cotter and McCandlish Phillips. In 1973, the NYPD moved to its new Brutalist headquarters at One Police Plaza in the Civic Center. The Shack was installed in an office on the second floor of the new building.
Associated Press, New York Daily News, New York Post, The New York Times, Newsday, Staten Island Advance, El Diario, NY1 News and 1010 WINS were among newspapers and TV channels with access to the offices. In April 2009, NYPD Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly said he would evict The Shack from Police Plaza by August to expand a command center, but reporters were ultimately allowed to stay in the building.
In December 2023, New York City Mayor Eric Adams announced that reporters would be relocated from the NYPD headquarters into a larger trailer outside the One Police Plaza building to offer space for local and ethnic media outlets. However, The New York Times, New York Daily News, New York Post, Associated Press, Newsday, Gothamist/WNYC, and CBS collectively criticized the move as reducing government transparency, while the New York Press Club highlighted that proximity to police officers is necessary for effective journalism. The Shack was moved to a structure outside police headquarters in early 2024.
# Thromidia seychellesensis

Thromidia seychellesensis is a species of starfish in the family Mithrodiidae. It occurs in Seychelles, Indian Ocean.
Thromidia seychellesensis has five cylindroid arms. The radius is at least 125 mm (4.9 in).
Fish Encheliophis homei often lives in the body cavity of Thromidia seychellesensis.
# Parvulastra exigua

Parvulastra exigua, or the dwarf cushion star is a species of sea star in the family Asterinidae. It can be found in temperate intertidal marine communities from geographically widespread sites around the southern hemisphere (including South Africa and Australia).

## Description

Parvulastra exigua has pentagonal body with no obvious protruding arms. Dorsal surface is tiled with a small cluster of spines at each tile. Colour is variegated, with bright patterns in orange, brown, green and white.

## Distribution

Parvulastra exigua is found from Namibia to Mozambique on intertidal zones up to 3 m, on St Helena, St Paul, and southeastern Australia.

## Natural history

Parvulastra exigua occurs in the intertidal zone and slightly deeper, and is well camouflaged. It feeds on microscopic algae by everting stomach onto substrate. No planktonic larval stage is present.
# 1950 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team

The 1950 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1950 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled a 9–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 267 to 80. The Dickinson System rated Tennessee A&I as the No. 4 black college football team for 1950 with a score of 25.56, behind only Florida A&M (28.76), Southern (28.50), and Maryland State (2800). The team played its home games in Nashville, Tennessee.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 23 | Lincoln (MO) | Nashville, TN | W 20–0 | |
| September 30 | Langston* | Nashville, TN | L 6–13 | |
| October 7 | at Allen* | Columbia, SC | W 26–6 | |
| October 14 | West Virginia State* | Nashville, TN | W 13–2 | |
| October 20 | vs. Wilberforce State | Chicago, IL | L 0–6 | |
| October 28 | North Carolina College* | Nashville, TN | W 27–20 | |
| November 3 | vs. North Carolina A&T* | Griffith StadiumWashington, DC (Capital Classic) | W 27–13 | 20,000 |
| November 11 | at Morris Brown* | Atlanta, GA | W 14–0 | |
| November 18 | at Kentucky State | Frankfort, KY | W 45–13 | |
| November 23 | Grambling* | Nashville, TN | W 55–7 | 5,000 |
| December 1 | at Jackson* | Jackson, MS (Mid South Classic) | W 34–0 | |
| *Non-conference gameHomecoming ||||||
# Coscinasterias muricata

Coscinasterias muricata is a species of starfish in the family Asteriidae. It is a large 11-armed starfish and occurs in shallow waters in the temperate western Indo-Pacific region.

## Description

C. muricata is the largest starfish in southern Australia and can reach a diameter of 50 cm (20 in). It has seven to fourteen arms, with eleven being the commonest number. The aboral (upper) surface of the arms has longitudinal rows of short spines along the surface and margins and the oral (lower) surface has two rows of tube feet. The colour is orange mottled with shades of blue, green, grey and reddish-brown. This starfish is prone to shedding its arms, making it asymmetric until new arms have grown.

## Distribution and habitat

C. muricata is native to temperate parts of the western Indo-Pacific region. Its range extends in Australia from Houtman Abrolhos in Western Australia to southern Australia, Tasmania and eastern Australia as far north as Port Denison in Queensland. It is also found in New Zealand, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. It is common around southern Australia and New Zealand where it is found on rocks, under boulders and in sandy habitats to depths of about 150 m (500 ft).

## Ecology

In sheltered baylets in Australia, the tunicate Pyura stolonifera can dominate the shallow seabed to the exclusion of other sessile organisms. This provides suitable habitat for filter feeders such as sea cucumbers, brittle stars, and bivalve molluscs, and among them can be found carnivorous starfish such as C. muricata, a specialist feeder on bivalves. It is often to be found on mussel beds, as well as eating crabs and scavenging for carrion.
This starfish can reproduce by binary fission; a groove appears on the surface of the disc and the two halves of the starfish pull apart from each other. Each part will then regenerate its missing tissues. This is a form of asexual reproduction, and smaller individuals often divide in this way, while larger individuals have an extended breeding season, releasing sperm and eggs into the sea during spring and summer. The larvae are planktonic, and when sufficiently developed, settle onto the seabed in coralline algae habitats.
# Bohadschia argus

Bohadschia argus, the leopard sea cucumber, leopardfish, or tigerfish, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It is native to the tropical Western Indo-Pacific region.

## Description

Bohadschia argus has the same roughly cylindrical body plan shared by most sea cucumbers. On average, it measures approximately 36 cm (14 in) in length and 1.8 to 2.2 kg (4.0 to 4.9 lb) in weight, with a maximum recorded length of 60 cm (24 in). Its tough outer body wall, around 10 mm (0.39 in) in thickness, is firm and leathery to the touch. Its dorsal side is greyish-brown in coloration, and covered in numerous yellow eyespots, similar to those of its vernacular namesake. The underside is usually paler in coloration, although some specimens remain uniformly brown throughout.
There are several rows of tube feet on the underside, which it uses for locomotion. Surrounding the mouth at the anterior end is a ring of paddle-shaped, black feeding tentacles with white fringes. The anus, at the posterior end, has Cuvierian tubules situated at its base, which are readily ejected as sticky threads if the animal is disturbed or handled. These contain toxins which deter predators and are irritating to human skin.
Bohadschia argus appears to be able to hybridize with Bohadschia vitiensis.

## Distribution and habitat

Bohadschia argus inhabits shallow tropical waters throughout the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific. It is commonly found in and around coral reefs on exposed, sandy areas of the seabed, typically at depths of 2 to 10 m (6.6 to 32.8 ft) below the surface.

## Ecology and behavior

Bohadschia argus is an detritivore. As it moves across the seabed, it sweeps sand grains and detritus into its mouth using its sticky tentacles. It obtains some nourishment from the biofilm that coats the grains.

### Symbiotic relationships

Pearlfish of the species Carapus mourlani (star pearlfish) and Encheliophis boraborensis (pinhead pearlfish) are sometimes found living in the coelomic cavity of Bohadschia argus, typically entering head-first through the sea cucumber's anus. In a study in the Banda Islands in the South Moluccan Sea, a group of 15 star pearlfish were found living within the body cavity of a single Bohadschia argus. Carapus mourlani, which have a mutualistic relationship with Bohadschia argus, will aggressively defend their sea cucumber from the parasitic Encheliophis boraborensis, and in some cases may even fight them to the death.
The emperor shrimp (Zenopontonia rex) is often associated with Bohadschia argus, and may help keep it clear of ectoparasites.

## Uses

A new triterpene glycoside, Arguside A, has been extracted from the tissues of Bohadschia argus. This compound appears to exhibit cytotoxicity against several different types of human tumor cells.
# Deirdre Shoemaker

Deirdre Marie Shoemaker (born 1971) is an American astrophysicist whose research studies the mergers of binary black holes through both simulation and observation. She is a professor of physics at the University of Texas at Austin, where she directs the Center for Gravitational Physics and is affiliated with the Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences.

## Education and career

Shoemaker majored in physics, astronomy, and astrophysics at Pennsylvania State University, graduating in 1994. She completed her Ph.D. in physics at the University of Texas at Austin in 1999, supervised by Richard Matzner. Next, she did postdoctoral research with Lee Samuel Finn and Jorge Pullin in the Center for Gravitational Wave Physics at Pennsylvania State University and with Saul Teukolsky in the Center for Radiophysics and Space Research at Cornell University.
She returned again to Pennsylvania State University as an assistant professor of physics in 2004. She moved to Georgia Tech in 2008, and added an adjunct affiliation with the Georgia Tech School of Computational Science and Engineering in 2009. She was given tenure as an associate professor in 2011, and named director of the Center for Relativistic Astrophysics in 2013. She was promoted to full professor in 2016, and given an endowed professorship as Dunn Family Professor of Physics in 2017.
In 2020, she moved to the University of Texas at Austin as a professor of physics and director of the Center for Gravitational Physics. She is a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, and chairs the Waveform Working Group of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Consortium.

## Recognition

Shoemaker was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 2013, after a nomination from the APS Division of Computational Physics, "for her leading role in the investigation of dynamical and binary black hole space-times and their observational signatures".