OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Igman Initiative

The Igman Initiative (Serbo-Croatian: Igmanska inicijativa) is an umbrella association whose goal is to foster economic and political cooperation as well as to encourage normalization of inter-state relations among the countries of the Dayton Quadrangles: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro.

## History

The initiative was named after Mt. Igman in remembrance of the intellectual activists, who traveled from all over former Yugoslavia via the Igman Mountain Road to Sarajevo in April 1995 in solidarity with the besieged population. In November 2000 a conference Prospects of Relations between Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia and the FRY” was convened in Zagreb. The conference gathered more than a hundred NGOs from the nations ratifying the Dayton Agreement. The participating organizations agreed to formally join their efforts to stimulate the normalization of relations among the three countries. In 2001 in Novi Sad the second session of the conference was held where the Initiative was formally established and a Council was appointed.
The Igman Initiative was founded by the Center for Regionalism (Novi Sad, Serbia), the Forum of the Democratic Alternative BiH (Sarajevo, BiH) and the Civic Committee for Human Rights (Zagreb, Croatia). Freedom House provides nearly all of the funding for the Igman Initiative projects.

## Organization

The Igman Initiative is now governed by four co-Presidents from Croatia, BiH, Serbia and Montenegro and its Council is currently composed of twenty members, five per country. It comprises more than 140 non-governmental organizations from Serbia, Montenegro, BiH, and Croatia.
# Antanifotsy

Antanifotsy (also Antanifotsy Gara) is an urban municipality and a district located in Vakinankaratra Region in Madagascar. It has a population of 54,448 in 2018. The city is at 112 km from Antananarivo and at 60 km to Antsirabe. The municipality is 3 km off the RN7 that passes at Ilempona Gara, at the entrance of Antanifotsy. This is also a railway station on the Antananarivo - Antsirabe line.
The municipality of Antanifotsy is composed by 47 Fokontany (villages) that are: Ambalavao, Ambatoharanana, Ambatolampy, Ambatomaintikely, Ambatomiankina nord, Ambatovaventy Est, Ambatovaventy Oeust, Ambodiriana Est, Ambohijanaka, Ambohitrimanjaka, Amboniandrefana, Andohafarihy, Andohariana, Andohavary II, Andranomalaza, Andrefaniala, Andriantsilahy, Angavo Est, Ankararana, Anondrilahy, Anosimboahangy, Antanambao, Antanetilava, Antanety, Antanety Nord, Antanifotsy, Antanikatsaka, Antemotra, Antobiniaro, Antsahamaina, Antsahondra Est, Antsenakely, Bemasoandro, Bepaiso, Fierenana, Mahalavolona, Mahatsinjo centre, Morarano Ambatobe, Morarano III, Morarano IV, Morarano Ouest, Sahavato centre, Sahavato Haut, Sahavato Ouest, Saonjorano, Tokotanitsara and Tsarafara.)

## Rivers

The springs of the Onive River are in this municipality.

## Twin cities

* La Possession, Réunion, (since 1995)
# Nechayevsky, Republic of Adygea

Nechayevsky (Russian: Нечаевский; Adyghe: Нечаевскэр) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Dondukovskoye Rural Settlement of Giaginsky District, Adygea, Russia. The population was 25 as of 2018. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Nechayevsky is located 31 km east of Giaginskaya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Smolchev-Malinovsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Khvoshinan-e Vosta

Khvoshinan-e Vosta (Persian: خوشينان وسطي, also Romanized as Khvoshīnān-e Vosţá and Khūshīnān-e Vosţá; also known as Khoshnīān-e Vasaţī, Khowshīnah Tappeh, Khushinān-i-Tappeh, Khushinān-i-Tepe, Khvoshī Nān-e Tappeh, Khvoshīnān-e Tappeh Vasaţī, and Khvoshīnān Tappeh) is a village in Miyan Darband Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 126, in 34 families.
# Benzodrocortisone

Benzodrocortisone, also known as hydrocortisone 17-benzoate, is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid which was assigned an INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name in 2016, and has yet to be marketed.
# Anarak, Kermanshah

Anarak (Persian: انارك, also Romanized as Anārak) is a village in Osmanvand Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 52, in 11 families.
# 69th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The 69th Infantry Division (German: 69. Infanterie-Division) was a combat division of the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War.

## History

Initially formed as a "second wave" division in August 1939 from the Münster-based 16th Artillery Command, the unit spent the first months of the war in the Eifel region of northwest Germany.
In April 1940, the division participated in the German invasion of Norway. A small party of soldiers from the unit landed at Egersund where they seized the telecommunications cable linking Norway with mainland Europe, encountering no significant opposition. A further 900 soldiers from the division were put ashore near Bergen where they captured the defensive fortifications (which had fired on the approaching German ships) as well as the city after engaging Norwegian forces in combat. The largest element of the division, some 5,000 soldiers in 250 transport planes, landed at Sola airport after it was seized by German paratroopers. The division then captured the nearby city of Stavanger. After the successful Norwegian Campaign, the 69th Infantry Division remained in occupied Norway until November 1942.
In December 1942 the division was moved to the Leningrad front as part of Army Group North's 18th Army. (One regiment, the 193rd Grenadier, was left in Norway and replaced by another.) (See Siege of Leningrad.) The division remained in the area and was pushed back to the Pskov area by Soviet offensives through February 1944.
In July 1944 the division was transferred south to Army Group Centre, which was reeling from repeated Soviet assaults. Falling back to Memel and then evacuated to East Prussia, by the beginning of 1945 the division was one of four defending the besieged city of Königsberg. Subjected to intense aerial bombing and artillery assault, the surviving members of the unit surrendered to the Red Army shortly after the city fell on April 9, 1945.

## Organization

In 1939 the 69th Infantry Division consisted of the following components:
* 159th Infantry Regiment
* 193rd Infantry Regiment
* 236th Infantry Regiment
* 169th Artillery Regiment
* 169th Engineer Battalion
* 169th Tank Defense Battalion
* 169th Intelligence Battalion
* 169th Signals Battalion
* 169th Supply Command
Having left a regiment in Norway and replacing it with another, the division's components in 1944 were:
* 157th Grenadier Regiment
* 159th Grenadier Regiment
* 236th Grenadier Regiment
* 69th Fusilier Battalion
* 169th Artillery Regiment
* 169th Engineer Battalion
* 169th Anti-Tank Battalion
* 169th Signals Battalion
* 169th Supply Troop Command

## Commanders

The following officers commanded the 69th Infantry Division:
* August 1939 - September 1941: General of Artillery Hermann Tittel
* September 1941 - February 1944: Lieutenant-General Bruno Ortner
* February 1944 - January 1945: Lieutenant-General Siegfried Rein
* January 1945 - February 1945: Colonel Grimme
* February 1945 - April 1945: Major-General Kaspar Völker
# Ben Sammut

Ben Sammut (born 13 February 1975) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played primarily as a fullback in the 1990s and 2000s, for Gateshead Thunder and Hull FC in England, and Cronulla Sharks in the NRL.
# Godar Pir-e Olya

Godar Pir-e Olya (Persian: گدارپيرعليا, also Romanized as Godār Pīr-e ‘Olyā; also known as Godārpey-ye ‘Olyā) is a village in Sar Firuzabad Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 4 families.
# Bhimgithe

Bhimgithe is a former village development committee in Baglung District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of central Nepal which now shares the wards 6 and 7 of Badigad Rural Municipality. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,459 and had 781 houses in the village.
# Rob Whiteman

Rob Whiteman CBE is a retired public sector leader, most latterly the Chief Executive of the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA), from September 2013 to June 2024.
Before moving to CIPFA, Whiteman was a Senior Civil Servant in the British Civil Service working as the Chief Executive of the UK Border Agency.
Prior to this role he was the managing director of the local government Improvement & Development Agency (IDeA), a job he had been appointed to in 2010. Between 2005 and 2010 he worked in local government as the Chief Executive of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham Council. A qualified Chartered Public Finance Accountant (CPFA), previously he was the Director of Resources at the London Borough of Lewisham.
As a non-executive, since July 2022 he is Chair of University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, having held several other NHS appointments. He has served as a Technical Advisor to the Board of the International Federation of Accounts (IFAC), with previous roles including Chair of Audit and Board Member at the UK’s Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC)
# Varnum Continentals

The Varnum Continentals are an active independent military organization of the Rhode Island militia that was founded in 1903 and currently serve primarily as a ceremonial honor guard and as historic educational organization in East Greenwich, Rhode Island. The Warren Varnum Continentals operate the historic Varnum Memorial Armory, an armory museum at 6 Main Street in East Greenwich, which was built in 1913, and housed Rhode Island State and National Guard units from 1918 to 1996. The Varnum Continentals were named after Revolutionary War General James Mitchell Varnum, a founder of the Kentish Guards, and the Continentals are dedicated to preserving Varnum's memory.
The Varnum Continentals were chartered in 1907 by a group of former Kentish Guards members to preserve the older traditions of the group, and the Continentals were reactivated in 1992 by Governor Bruce Sundlun. The Varnum Continentals still remain part of the Rhode Island militia but serve a largely ceremonial role and educational role using period muskets and cannon for special events and maintain a large museum.
# Polo Step (code name)

Classified as Top Secret, Polo Step was a United States Department of Defense code name or ‘compartment’ that was initially created in the late 1990s to designate closely held planning information on covert operations against Al Qaeda in Afghanistan. A person could have a Top Secret clearance, but if they would not have a need to know about the planning as well, they did not have a ‘Polo Step’ authorization.
Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, ‘Polo Step’ started to be used by United States Central Command to be the planning compartment for offensive operations against Iraq. It appears that following one of the many planning discussions that General Tommy Franks had with colleagues, information about the planning was distributed and re-distributed around the Pentagon until it reached someone that leaked it to William Arkin, a researcher. Arkin wrote about the planning process in the Los Angeles Times with what he described as ‘electric’ results. General Franks describes in his book ‘American Soldier’ how he conveyed his anger to Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. He told the Secretary that ‘I’d like everyone in OSD and the JCS … polygraphed to find out who leaked the information'. Investigations were made, and though leaks continued, Franks says in his book that none were so damaging. The leaker has never been located.
# 1943 in Liberia

The following lists events that happened during 1943 in Liberia.

## Incumbents

* President: Edwin Barclay
* Vice President: James Skivring Smith, Jr.
* Chief Justice: F. E. R. Johnson

## Events
### May

* May 4 - A general election and constitutional referendum were held.
# Richard A. Nichols

Richard Alan Nichols FLS is Professor of Evolutionary Genetics at Queen Mary University of London. He is known for the Balding–Nichols model and the Beaumont and Nichols method for detecting natural selection.
He graduated with a first-class degree in zoology from University College London in 1981 and completed his PhD at the University of East Anglia in 1984 under the supervision of Godfrey Hewitt.
# 2012 HP Open

The 2012 HP Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts sponsored by Hewlett-Packard. It was the fourth edition of the HP Open, and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2012 WTA Tour. It was held at the Utsubo Tennis Center in Osaka, Japan, from October 8 through October 14, 2012. Heather Watson won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

* Heather Watson defeated Chang Kai-chen 7–5, 5–7, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$

### Doubles

* Raquel Kops-Jones / Abigail Spears defeated Kimiko Date-Krumm / Heather Watson 6–1, 6–4

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| AUS | Samantha Stosur | 9 | 1 |
| CHN | Zheng Jie | 22 | 2 |
| USA | Christina McHale | 30 | 3 |
| ITA | Francesca Schiavone | 33 | 4 |
| KAZ | Yaroslava Shvedova | 36 | 5 |
| ESP | Anabel Medina Garrigues | 39 | 6 |
| RSA | Chanelle Scheepers | 53 | 7 |
| GBR | Laura Robson | 60 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of October 1, 2012

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Kurumi Nara
* Francesca Schiavone
* Tamarine Tanasugarn
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Nudnida Luangnam
* Olga Puchkova
* Luksika Kumkhum
* Zhou Yimiao

### Withdrawals

* Tímea Babos
* Petra Cetkovská
* Melinda Czink
* Marina Erakovic
* Olga Govortsova
* Michaëlla Krajicek
* Mandy Minella
* Shahar Pe'er
* Sloane Stephens
* CoCo Vandeweghe
* Galina Voskoboeva
* Aleksandra Wozniak

### Retirements

* Francesca Schiavone (right wrist injury)

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| USA | Raquel Kops-Jones | USA | Abigail Spears | 33 | 1 |
| ESP | Anabel Medina Garrigues | CHN | Zheng Jie | 49 | 2 |
| CRO | Darija Jurak | HUN | Katalin Marosi | 98 | 3 |
| JPN | Kimiko Date-Krumm | GBR | Heather Watson | 149 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of October 1, 2012

### Other entrants

The following pair received wildcard into the doubles main draw:
* Kurumi Nara / Erika Sema

### Retirements

* Eleni Daniilidou (right hamstring strain)
# Raaja Kanwar

Raaja Kanwar is an Indian businessman . He co-founded UFO Moviez and is the chairman and managing director, Apollo International Group. He Is one of the influential personality and also recognised among the top three CEO and founders of companies in India.
The Honourable Prime Minister and Finance Minister of the Republic of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong presented him Global Entrepolis at Singapore Award 2007.
He was instrumental in evolving the business of digital cinema in India that gained acknowledgement from then Honorable Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh.

## Early life

Raaja was born in 1970. His father Onkar Kanwar is a businessman and founder of Apollo Tyres, an Indian public listed company. Raaja was educated at St. Columba's School, Delhi and thereafter graduated in engineering from Drexel University, Pennsylvania, US.

## Career

Raaja is the chairman and managing director, Apollo LogiSolutions which set up a 20,000 sq ft facility in Hyderabad, for packaging boxes for temperature sensitive vaccines, pharmaceuticals and biologics and has a global network in over 100 countries.
In 2007, He was nominated for Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award. In 2017, He won Best Logistics CEO of the Year.
He previously held the position of Member of Young Presidents' Organization (Mumbai), Member of India Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Chairman at Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry, Member of International Chamber of Commerce (France) and Member The Economic Times India Leadership Council (ETILC).
# Gustav Peichl

Gustav Peichl (18 March 1928 – 17 November 2019) was an Austrian architect and caricaturist.

## Life

He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna until 1953 and worked in the office of Roland Rainer. To pay for architectural school, he drew caricatures under a pseudonym to protect his identity from the Red Army, which occupied Austria at the time. He first used the name Pei initially and later by the name under which he was best known, Ironimus. He later drew cartoons for major newspapers such as Kurier, Express, Süddeutsche Zeitung and Die Presse.
He opened his own architectural firm in 1955. Peichl built the EFA Radio Satellite Station in Aflenz Austria. He was a member of the international jury that chose Carlos Ott as the architect for the in Opéra Bastille in Paris, in 1983.
He died 17 November 2019 at his home in Grinzing, Vienna, Austria.

## Main works

* 1969–82 ORF regional studios, in Dornbirn, Eisenstadt, Graz, Innsbruck, Linz, Salzburg
* 1985–92 Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn, Germany
* 1987–91 Extension building to the Städel Museum, Frankfurt am Main
* 1997–99 with Boris Podrecca and Rudolf F. Weber: Millennium Tower, Vienna
* 2000–01 Caricature Museum, Krems
# 2nd Independent Motorized Rifle Brigade

The 2nd Independent Motorized Rifle Brigade "Vardan Mamikonian" (Armenian: 2-րդ մոտոհրաձգային բրիգադը), also known as Military Unit 60369 (Armenian: 60369 զորամասի) is a military formation of the Armenian Army, located in the city of Goris in the Syunik Province. It is also partially stationed in Karakhanbeyli. It is part of the 1st Army Corps of the Armenian Ground Forces.

## History

The military unit was formed on 1 March 1992, receiving the conventional name of 60369 and being located in Lusakert. On 16 February 1993, the brigade moved to Syunik. On 18 September 1995, the brigade received a battle flag for its major achievements in army building and combat readiness. The former 2nd Motorized Rifle Brigade was renamed the 2nd Independent Motorized Rifle Brigade on 21 July 2000. On 26 January 2006, it was awarded the "Vardan Mamikonyan" Order by the decree of President Robert Kocharyan.
During the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, it took part in the protection of the borders of Armenia and the Artsakh Republic. In total, the unit had 164 fallen servicemen, 10 missing and about 500 wounded. Many decorated servicemen from the brigade have been awarded the Order of the First Degree of Combat, and departmental medals for their courage and bravery on the battlefield.

## Commanders

The following have served as commanders of the unit:
* Yuri Khatchaturov (1993-1994)l
* Lieutenant Colonel Tigran Avetisyan (circa 2009)
* Colonel Levon Hovhannisyan (circa 2017)
# Gniazdo

Gniazdo (English: The Nest) is a 1974 Polish historical film about Mieszko I, the founder of the first independent Polish state, circa 960 AD. The film was written by Aleksander Ścibor-Rylski and directed by Jan Rybkowski.

## Cast

* Wojciech Pszoniak as Mieszko I
* Marek Bargiełowski as Czcibor, Mieszko's brother
* Wanda Neumann as Dubrawa
* Franciszek Pieczka as Mrokota
* Bolesław Płotnicki as Siemomysł, Mieszko's father
* Tadeusz Białoszczyński as Gero
* Janusz Bylczyński as Odo I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark
* Czesław Wołłejko as Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
# Kozani Stadium

Kozani Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Kozani, Greece. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Kozani. The stadium holds 4,000 and was built in 1955. The stadium is located on the southwest side of the city and is part of the Municipal Sports Center of Kozani.
The stadium has a capacity of 4,000 seats and was reconstructed in 1986 and in 2004 with the addition of a roof. Also every year the Lassania athletics competitions take place.
In 2021, with the installation of new seats, the covered grandstand can accommodate 1,008 seats.
40°17′37″N 21°46′58″E﻿ / ﻿40.2937°N 21.7828°E﻿ / 40.2937; 21.7828
# Pink-e Asgarian

Pink-e Asgarian (Persian: پينك عسگريان, also Romanized as Pīnk-e ʿAsgarīān) is a village in Sajjadrud Rural District, Bandpey-ye Sharqi District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 9 families.
# Čelko

Čelko, Celko or Chelko is a surname of Slovak origin. The surname is rare, there are a few hundreds people with this name in the world. Today the Čelko surname is still primarily found in Slovakia but a few branches of the family line can also be found in areas of United States (Brackenridge, PA and West Natrona, PA) and Argentina.
Francis L. Chelko personally visited Celkova-Lehota 3 times since 1988 and verified through village documentation the origin and citizenship of grandfather and great-grandfather Chelko (Celko original Slovak spelling).

## Origin

The name originates from small village Čelkova Lehota (Hungarian: Cselkó-Szabadja, it means "Čelko's settlement") in Považská Bystrica District in Trenčín Region of north-western Slovakia. The village has about 140 - 150 inhabitants, mostly with the Čelko surname.

## People with the surname

* Joe Celko, American relational database expert
* Vojtech Čelko (born 1946), Slovak and Czech historian
# 2022 in Liberia

Events in the year 2022 in Liberia.

## Incumbents

* President: George Weah
* Vice President: Jewel Taylor
* Chief Justice: Francis S. Korkpor, Sr. (until September 27), Sie-A-Nyene Yuoh

## Events

* January 20 – Twenty-nine people are killed during a stampede at an open-air Pentecostal church in Monrovia. The stampede was triggered by panic after gangsters entered the prayer ground after a collection.
* February 14 – The Executive Mansion is reopened after burning down on July 26, 2006, and President Weah moves into it.
* March 9 – Officials from Air France inform Transport Minister Samuel A. Wlue that the company plans to cease operations in Liberia effective April 2022, in an attempt to restore profitability.
* March 14 – Facia Boyenoh Harris, along with eleven other women, is awarded the 2022 International Women of Courage Award.
* June 8 – Liberia announces its intention to open a trade mission in Jerusalem, that is to become an Israeli embassy over time.
* July 22 – President George Weah signs an amendment to the 1973 Alien and Nationality Act which allows for dual citizenship.
* July 25 – Health Minister Wilhelmina Jallah announces the first confirmed case of monkeypox in the country since 2018.
* July 26 – Commerce Minister Mawine G. Diggs serves as national Independence Day orator.
* August 15 – Three Liberian officials, Minister of State Nathaniel McGill, Solicitor General Sayma Cyrennius Cephus, and National Port Authority head Bill Twehway, have sanctions imposed on them by the United States Department of Treasury for involvement in corruption.
* August 23 – Associate Justice Sie-A-Nyene Yuoh is nominated by President Weah to replace Francis Korkpor as chief justice upon his resignation in September.
* September 22 – Liberia establishes diplomatic relations with Jamaica.
* September 27 – Chief Justice Francis Korkpor announces his retirement.
* October 6 – United States Ambassador-at-Large for Global Criminal Justice Beth Van Schaack arrives in Liberia.

## Deaths

* January 18 – G. V. Kromah, former warlord and leader of the ULIMO (b. 1953)
* February 16 – Amos Sawyer, Interim President of Liberia, in Baltimore, Maryland, U. S. (b. 1945)
* April 22 – Walter Gwenigale, politician, minister of health and social welfare (b. 1935)
* August 12 – Lewis Jerome Zeigler, Roman Catholic prelate, in Monrovia (b. 1944)
* October 18 – Charles A. Clarke, politician (b. 1941)
# Oberea praedita

Oberea praedita is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1867. It is known from Borneo.