OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kekkonen II cabinet

Kekkonen's second cabinet was the 34th government of Finland, which existed from 17 January 1951 to 20 September 1951. It was a majority government, and its Prime Minister was Urho Kekkonen.

## Ministers

There were 11 total ministers in Kekkonen's second cabinet: five (including Kekkonen himself) from the Agrarian League, four from the Social Democratic Party, one from both the Swedish People's Party and the National Progressive Party, and one independent. Additionally, 6 additional ministers served within various ministries: three from the Social Democratic Party, two from the Agrarian League, and one from the Swedish People's Party. Rafael Paasio served as a minister at both the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Ministry of Transport and Public Works.

## Ministers

| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Prime Minister | Urho Kekkonen | Kekkonen I Cabinet | Kekkonen IV Cabinet | Agrarian |
| Minister at the Prime Minister's Office | Johannes Virolainen | January 17, 1951 | September 20, 1951 | Agrarian |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Åke Gartz | Kekkonen I Cabinet | September 20, 1951 | Independent |
| Minister of Justice | Teuvo Aura | January 17, 1951 | September 20, 1951 | National Progressive |
| Minister of the Interior | Johannes Virolainen | January 17, 1951 | Kekkonen III Cabinet | Agrarian |
| Minister of Defence | Emil Skog | January 17, 1951 | Kekkonen III Cabinet | Social Democratic |
| Minister of Finance | Onni Hiltunen | January 17, 1951 | September 20, 1951 | Social Democratic |
| Minister at the Ministry of Finance | Ralf Törngren | January 17, 1951 | September 20, 1951 | Swedish People's |
| Minister of Education | Lennart Heljas | Kekkonen I Cabinet | September 20, 1951 | Agrarian |
| Minister of Agriculture | Martti Miettunen | January 17, 1951 | Kekkonen IV Cabinet | Agrarian |
| Minister at the Ministry of Agriculture | Matti Lepistö | January 17, 1951 | Kekkonen III Cabinet | Social Democratic |
| Minister of Transport and Public Works | Onni Peltonen | January 17, 1951 | Kekkonen III Cabinet | Social Democratic |
| Minister at the Ministry of Transport and Public Works | Kauno Kleemola | January 17, 1951 | Kekkonen III Cabinet | Agrarian |
| Minister at the Ministry of Transport and Public Works | Rafael Paasio | January 17, 1951 | September 20, 1951 | Social Democratic |
| Minister of Trade and Industry | Penna Tervo | January 17, 1951 | Kekkonen III Cabinet | Social Democratic |
| Minister of Social Affairs | Vihtori Vesterinen | January 17, 1951 | September 20, 1951 | Agrarian |
| Minister at the Ministry of Social Affairs | Emil Huunonen | January 17, 1951 | Kekkonen III Cabinet | Social Democratic |
| Minister at the Ministry of Social Affairs | Rafael Paasio | January 17, 1951 | September 20, 1951 | Social Democratic |
# Arturo Andrés Roig

Arturo Andrés Roig (16 July 1922 – 30 April 2012) was an Argentine philosopher.

## Biography

Born in Mendoza, he entered the Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, and graduated in 1949 with a degree in Education Sciences (Profesor de Enseñanza Secundaria, Normal y Especial en Filosofía). Roig continued his studies at the Sorbonne.
He returned to Argentina, and in 1955 he began teaching philosophy at the Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, with a special interest in local philosophers. This interest subsequently expanded to national and Latin American philosophers. Roig also studied German philosopher Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, and authored his first book on the panentheist thinker's influence in Argentina.
He is famous for being one of the best developed examples of Latin American Philosophy, and for his vast amount of scientific works, for which he has received widespread recognition and awards.
# Miguel Murillo (judoka)

Miguel Murillo (born September 29, 1993) is a Costa Rican judoka. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's 73 kg event, in which he was eliminated in the second round by Japan's Shohei Ono.
# Corinth, Jones County, Texas

Corinth is an unincorporated community in Jones County, Texas, United States. Corinth is located on U.S. Route 277, 7.4 miles (11.9 km) south-southwest of Stamford. The community had a population of 25 from 1940 to 1990 and a population of 10 in 2000.
# Chrząszczówka

Chrząszczówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kołbiel, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Kołbiel, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Otwock, and 39 km (24 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
# Bengala (footballer)

Ítalo Fratezzi (24 May 1906 – 22 May 1980), better known as Bengala, was a Brazilian professional footballer and manager, who played as a forward.

## Career

With a player career dedicated entirely to Cruzeiro EC, he arrived at the club at the time of Palestra Itália in 1925, and with the club he won the state championship four times, in addition to being top scorer in 1932. He played in 247 matches and scored 168 goals. He was also a volleyball and basketball athlete for the club, and coach on five occasions, being state champion in 1940 and 1944. The only club besides Cruzeiro in which he worked was Botafogo, from 1944 to 1946.

## Honours
### Player
#### Cruzeiro

* Campeonato Mineiro: 1928, 1929, 1930
* Campeonato AMET: 1926

#### Individual

* 1932 Campeonato Mineiro top scorer: 12 goals

### Manager
#### Cruzeiro

* Campeonato Mineiro: 1940, 1944
# Tall Khani-ye Kakan

Tall Khani-ye Kakan (Persian: تل خالي كاكان, also Romanized as Tall Khānī-ye Kākān; also known as Tall Khālī and Tall Khānī) is a village in Kakan Rural District, in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15, in 4 families.
# Tom Mercer Girdler

Tom Mercer Girdler (19 May 1877 – 4 February 1965) was an American businessman who was the first president of Republic Steel.

## Biography

Girdler was born in Silver Creek, Clark County, Indiana in 1877. He graduated with a mechanical engineering degree from Lehigh University. After his graduation, he started his career with Buffalo Forge Company. A year later, he became a foreman for the Oliver Iron and Steel Company.
In 1943, he published his autobiography.
He retired in 1956 as the chairperson of Republic Steel.

## Personal life

Girdler married four times and had two sons and two daughters.
# Airton (footballer, born 1989)

Airton Santos de Oliveira (born 8 February 1989), simply known as Airton, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a left back for Treze.

## Career

Airton competed in the Copa São Paulo de Futebol Jr. for Porto de Caruaru. He caught the attention of SL Benfica where he played for the under-19 team. He returned to Brazil with Sport, and played for other teams such as Náutico, Sampaio Corrêa, ABC, América-RN, Sergipe, ASA and Paysandu.
For Brusque, Airton played from October 2018 to 2023, and won six titles, played 222 matches and scored 6 goals.
In December 2023, he was announced as a reinforcement of EC São Luiz. On 2024 season also played for Marcílio Dias and Treze.

## Honours
### Sergipe

* Campeonato Sergipano: 2016

### Brusque

* Campeonato Brasileiro Série D: 2019
* Copa Santa Catarina: 2018, 2019
* Campeonato Catarinense: 2022
* Recopa Catarinense: 2020, 2023
# Lewis and Clark Memorial Column

The Lewis and Clark Memorial Column is an outdoor monument by artist Otto Schumann, dedicated to Meriwether Lewis and William Clark for their expedition and located at Washington Park in Portland, Oregon.

## Description

The sculpture, made of Snake River granite, is a Classical column with a sphere on top. It is approximately 34 feet, 6 inches tall, with a diameter of 2.5 feet. The obelisk sits on a square base that is approximately 5 feet, 5 inches tall. The base's sides display bronze seals for the states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Montana, which once comprised the Oregon Territory. An illuminated path leads up the monument. According to the Smithsonian Institution, the work is administered by City of Portland's Metropolitan Arts Commission.

## History

The memorial was commissioned around 1902 by the Lewis & Clark Exposition Commission for approximately $10,500 as a "gift of the people of Oregon in memory" of the duo. President Theodore Roosevelt laid the first cornerstone on May 21, 1903, and the piece was completed and dedicated in 1908. It was surveyed and considered "well maintained" by Smithsonian's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in November 1993.
# Virgílio Pereira

Virgílio Higino Gonçalves Pereira (11 January 1941 – 24 July 2021) was a Portuguese politician.
Pereira was born in Funchal, Portugal, on 11 January 1941, and, as a member of the Social Democratic Party, served his hometown as president of the municipal council from 1974 to 1983. He was then elected to the Assembly of the Republic, on which he served until 1986. Pereira represented Portugal as a Member of the European Parliament from 1986 to 1994. His second stint as president of the Funchal municipal council ran from January to September 1994.
# Chybów

Chybów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sarnaki, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Sarnaki, 18 km (11 mi) north-east of Łosice, and 132 km (82 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Biguá

Moacyr Cordeiro, simply known as Biguá (22 March 1921 – 1 January 1989), was a Brazilian footballer.
Born in Irati, Paraná, the defensive midfielder started his career in 1939 at FC Água Verde. In 1941 he signed with Flamengo, in which he stayed until the end of his career in 1953. Bigua died on January 9, 1989, in Rio de Janeiro.
# Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning

Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning is a 2015 book by historian Timothy Snyder.

## Summary

Black Earth offers a "radically new explanation" of the Holocaust. The title is drawn from the fertile black earth of Ukraine, the region where Adolf Hitler planned to replace the population with Germans, giving the German "race" new "living space" (German: Lebensraum). Race, and the idea of the world as a space in which races compete and stronger races replace weaker ones, was, according to Snyder, central to Hitler's thinking. Hitler, according to Snyder, was not a nationalist. Rather, he saw nationalism and sovereign states as tools, useful to achieving his goal of eliminating government and enabling a pure, natural order in which races struggle and only the strongest survive. According to Snyder, Hitler saw Jews as obstacles because the ideas enabling individual humans to view one another as human beings originated with the Jews, and it is the humanitarian ideas perpetuated by Jews that prevents the world from reverting to its natural order. According to Snyder, in Hitler's mind, the way to enable the natural world of brutal racial competition to exist was to eliminate the Jews.

## Critical reception

The book began to excite controversy as soon as it was published. It received a mixed review by historian Richard J. Evans in The Guardian. Political commentator Helen Andrews writing in First Things gave it a mostly negative review.

## Reception

* Gustav Ranis International Book Prize for best book
* New York Times Editors' Choice
* Publishers Weekly's 10 Best Books of 2015
* The Economist's Best Books of 2015
* The Washington Post's Notable Nonfiction Books of 2015
# Demba Sow

Demba Sow (born 3 July 1993) is a Mauritanian professional footballer who currently plays as a defender for ESM Gonfreville.

## International career
### International goals

    Scores and results list Mauritania's goal tally first.
| Goal | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 20 April 2014 | Stade George V, Curepipe, Mauritius | Mauritius | 1–0 | 2–0 | 2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |
# Alan Cariús

Alan Lima Cariús, known as Alan Cariús (born 4 April 1997) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saudi club Al-Adalah.

## Club career
### Volta Redonda

Alan Cariús made his league debut in the Campeonato Carioca for Volta Redonda Futebol Clube on 31 January 2015 in a game against Barra Mansa Futebol Clube. In May of the same year he was loaned to the Under-20 of the Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, where he returned to Volta Redonda at the end of November 2016.

### LASK

Alan Cariús made his league debut for LASK against Rheindorf Altach on 20 August 2017.

### Juniors OÖ

Alan Cariús scored on his league debut for Juniors OÖ against Union St. Florian on 29 July 2017, scoring in the 63rd minute.

### Blau-Weiß Linz

Alan Cariús scored on his league debut for Blau-Weiß Linz against Wiener Neustadt on 27 July 2018, scoring in the 65th minute.

### Vila Nova

Alan Cariús made his league debut for Vila Nova against América Mineiro on 20 July 2019.

### St. Pölten

On 30 October 2019, he agreed to join Austrian club SKN St. Pölten in January 2020. He made his league debut for the club against Admira on 16 February 2020. He scored his first goal for the club against Mattersburg on 16 June 2020, scoring in the 38th minute.

### Kasımpaşa

Alan Cariús made his league debut for Kasımpaşa against Kayserispor on 13 September 2020. He scored his first goal for the club against Rizespor on 20 September 2020, scoring in the 60th minute.

### Tuzlaspor

Alan Cariús scored on his league debut for Tuzlaspor against Balıkesirspor on 30 January 2021, scoring in the 81st minute.

### Al-Adalah

On 24 July 2021, he joined Saudi Arabian club Al-Adalah.

### Kyoto Sanga

On 4 August 2022, Alan joined Japanese club Kyoto Sanga. He made his debut for the club against Tokyo on 18 September 2022.

### Al Najma

On 7 July 2023, Alan joined Al-Najma.

### Al-Adalah (return)

On 24 June 2024, Alan Cariús joined Al-Adalah.
# Andreas Bang-Haas

Andreas Bang-Haas (6 December 1846 – 7 February 1925) was a Danish entomologist and insect dealer.
Bang-Haas was born in Horsens. In 1879 he entered into the business of the insect dealer Otto Staudinger. He married Staudinger's daughter in 1880 and became co-owner of the firm, now "Staudinger & Bang-Haas", in 1884 or 1887. He died in Dresden, aged 78. The business was eventually taken over by his son Otto Bang-Haas.
# Chyczewo

Chyczewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Raciąż, within Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Raciąż, 24 km (15 mi) north-west of Płońsk, and 85 km (53 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# Wilhelm Gottlieb Schneider

Wilhelm Gottlieb Schneider (8 May 1814 – 9 January 1889) was a Silesian-German entomologist, botanist and mycologist. As an entomologist he took a special interest in the Neuroptera and the Odonata. The dragonfly Gomphus schneiderii was named in his honour by Selys in 1840.

## Biography

Schneider was born in Breslau, the son of merchant Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Schneider. He graduated from the Maria Magdalena Gymnasium in 1834. At school he was influenced by the Silesian entomologist and teacher Theodor Emil Schummel. At the gymnasium he was taught by the mineralogist Glocker. He joined the University of Breslau to study the natural sciences and here he was influenced by Johann Ludwig Christian Gravenhorst. He then studied entomology and received a doctorate in 1843 with a dissertation titled Monographia generis Rhaphidiae Linnaei. He did not continue his habilitation and therefore did not join as a lecturer at the university but he continued to conduct research. Among his major works was a monograph on the lacewing genus Chrysopa. He also took an interest in minerals and meteorites. He described an iron meteorite found at Seeläsgeu and from 1864 he shifted his focus to fungi. From 1865 to 1887 he edited and distributed the exsiccata work Herbarium schlesischer Pilze. Schneider encouraged other Silesian botanists to collect including Gerhardt in Liegnitz, Cantor Dressier in Löwenberg, and Zimmermann in Striegau. He then compiled a work on the Silesian Phycomecetes around 1869. He described several new species including Synchylrium viride (Schn. 1871), Melanotaenium caulium (Schn. 1871), Thecaphora ajfinis (Schn. 1874), and Puccinia sessilis (Schn. 1869). A species of rust found on Thymus chamaedrys was named as Puccinia Schneideri. He was a member of the Silesian entomological society from 1878.
# Tavilehgah-e Olya

Tavilehgah-e Olya (Persian: طويله گاه عليا, also Romanized as Ţavīlehgāh-e ‘Olyā; also known as Ţavīleh-ye ‘Olyā) is a village in Jalalvand Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 36, in 8 families.
# Fermented sausage

Fermented sausage, or dry sausage, is a type of sausage that is created by salting chopped or ground meat to remove moisture, while allowing beneficial bacteria to break down sugars into flavorful molecules. Bacteria, including Lactobacillus species and Leuconostoc species, break down these sugars to produce lactic acid, which not only affects the flavor of the sausage, but also lowers the pH from 6.0 to 4.5–5.0, preventing the growth of bacteria that could spoil the sausage. These effects are magnified during the drying process, as the salt and acidity are concentrated as moisture is extracted.
The ingredients found in a fermented sausage include meat, fat, bacterial culture, salt, spices, sugar and nitrite. Nitrite is commonly added to fermented sausages to speed up the curing of meat and also impart an attractive colour while preventing the growth of the Clostridium botulinum bacteria which causes botulism. Some traditional and artisanal producers avoid nitrites. Sugar is added to aid the bacterial production of lactic acid during the 18-hour to three-day fermentation process; the fermentation time depends on the temperature at which the sausage is stored: the lower the temperature, the longer the required fermentation period. A white mold and yeast sometimes adheres to the outside of the sausage during the drying process. This mold adds to the flavor of the sausage and aids in preventing harmful bacteria from attaching to the sausage.
The two main types of fermented sausage are the dry, salted, spiced sausages found in warmer climates and fermented semidry sausages found in cooler, more humid climates. Since the dry sausages of the Mediterranean, in countries such as Italy, Spain, and Portugal contain 25–35% water and more than 4% salt, they may be stored at room temperature. The sausages of northern Europe usually contain less salt (around 3%) and 40–50% water, and as such do not dry well in the humid climate of countries such as Germany.

## Microbiology

Fermented sausage harbor a variety of lactic acid-producing bacteria and, depending on the style, occasionally fungi. Fermentation not only decreases the pH by lactic acid production, but also produces a variety of flavor compounds through lipolysis. The texture is changed by proteolysis and a reduction in water content.
As with other fermented foods, well-defined starter cultures are used commercially to ensure the introduction of the desired types of microbes. Latilactobacillus sakei, Staphylococcus carnosus, various other Staphylococcus species, and Penicillium aurantiogriseum mold have been used as components of a starter culture.
# Harry Brightwell

Arthur Harry Brightwell (born 4 August 1932) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1984 to 1993. He was a veterinarian by career.
Born in Matheson, Ontario, he attended the Ontario Veterinary College in Guelph, Ontario where he graduated in 1956.
He campaigned in the 1984 federal election where he won the Perth electoral district for the Progressive Conservative party. He served there for the 33rd Canadian Parliament.
When riding boundaries were altered in 1987, Brightwell campaigned in the Perth—Wellington—Waterloo electoral district in the following 1988 federal election. He was re-elected, but by a slim two percent margin over Liberal candidate Mike Stinson. After serving in the 34th Canadian Parliament he lost the riding to John Richardson of the Liberal Party in the 1993 federal election.

## Electoral record

vte1993 Canadian federal election: Perth—Wellington—Waterloo :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | John Richardson | 20,125 | 43.26 | +6.25 |
| | Reform | Jeff Gerber | 12,185 | 26.19 | – |
| | Progressive Conservative | Harry Brightwell | 10,835 | 23.29 | -15.81 |
| | New Democratic | Stephanie Levesque | 1,909 | 4.10 | -14.88 |
| | Christian Heritage | Sid Vander Heide | 647 | 1.39 | -2.98 |
| | National | Ted Owen | 486 | 1.04 | – |
| | Natural Law | Tom Lanier | 184 | 0.40 | – |
| | Libertarian | Joe Yundt | 152 | 0.33 | -0.21 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 46,523 | 100.0 |
| | Liberal gain from Progressive Conservative | Liberal gain from Progressive Conservative | Swing | Swing | +11.03 |
| Source(s) "Perth—Wellington—Waterloo, Ontario (1988-1997)". History of Federal Ridings Since 1867. Library of Parliament. Retrieved 1 October 2015. |||||||
vte1988 Canadian federal election: Perth—Wellington—Waterloo :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Progressive Conservative | Harry Brightwell | 17,974 | 39.10 |
| | Liberal | Mike Stinson | 17,013 | 37.01 |
| | New Democratic | Linda Ham | 8,727 | 18.98 |
| | Christian Heritage | Stan Puklicz | 2,009 | 4.37 |
| | Libertarian | Joe Yundt | 249 | 0.54 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 45,972 | 100.0 |
| Source(s) "Perth—Wellington—Waterloo, Ontario (1988-1997)". History of Federal Ridings Since 1867. Library of Parliament. Retrieved 1 October 2015. |||||||
# Duncan Taylor (company)

Duncan Taylor Scotch Whisky Limited is an independent alcoholic beverages company based in Huntly, Scotland. It is a specialist whisky merchant with one of the largest privately held collections of aged single malt and single grain Scotch whisky casks. Today, the company releases these prized spirits via an impressive range of award-winning product brands, all bottled at its headquarters in Huntly.
The brands include The Rarest, Duncan Taylor Single Cask, The Octave, Black Bull, Indian Summer, Smokin' and Tantalus.

## History

Duncan Taylor was founded in Glasgow in 1938 as a cask broker and trading company. Over the decades, the company built strong ties with distillers and distilleries over Scotland, with the company bringing their own casks to the distilleries to be filled with new make spirit. This resulted in a collection of cask whiskies distilleries – many of which are now closed – which are still maturing in the Duncan Taylor warehouses today.
The company was acquired by Euan Shand in 2001, whose experience in the industry has included stints at the Glendronach distillery, William Teacher's & Sons, and founding and running The Bennachie Whisky Company. Euan subsequently moved Duncan Taylor to his home town of Huntly, acquired a facility in the town which he converted to a bottling plant, and established Duncan Taylor as an independent bottling company.
In April 2024 a new chapter began for Duncan Taylor Scotch Whisky Ltd. Shawn Smith was announced as the new Director and owner following the retirement of Chairman Euan Shand. Shawn brings a wealth of experience in technology finance and whisky and will continue the mantel as a family-owned business where Duncan Taylor Scotch Whisky has amassed an impressive portfolio of vintage and rare scotch whisky casks.

## Brands

Duncan Taylor has a portfolio of brands. Including:

## Awards

Some Duncan Taylor & Co brands have received awards in various editions of Jim Murray's Whisky Bible.
A North British 1978, cask Q247, 54.7% abv from the Rare Auld range received a "Liquid Gold Award" in the 2010 Whisky Bible (awards are granted to any whiskies which score 94 or above out of a maximum 100 points). The single cask grain whisky was also rated "Scotch Grain of the Year".
Based on ratings by blind tasting panels, Duncan Taylor & Co was awarded the "Independent Bottlers of Year" award from Whisky Magazine in 2006 (Highlands, Lowlands & Blended categories), 2007 (Lowlands), 2008 (Lowlands), and 2011 (Islay).