OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Matrix of ones

In mathematics, a matrix of ones or all-ones matrix is a matrix with every entry equal to one. For example:
    $J_{2}={\begin{bmatrix}1&1\\1&1\end{bmatrix}},\quad J_{3}={\begin{bmatrix}1&1&1\\1&1&1\\1&1&1\end{bmatrix}},\quad J_{2,5}={\begin{bmatrix}1&1&1&1&1\\1&1&1&1&1\end{bmatrix}},\quad J_{1,2}={\begin{bmatrix}1&1\end{bmatrix}}.\quad$
Some sources call the all-ones matrix the unit matrix, but that term may also refer to the identity matrix, a different type of matrix.
A vector of ones or all-ones vector is matrix of ones having row or column form; it should not be confused with unit vectors.

## Properties

For an n × n matrix of ones J, the following properties hold:
* The trace of J equals n, and the determinant equals 0 for n ≥ 2, but equals 1 if n = 1.
* The characteristic polynomial of J is $(x-n)x^{n-1}$.
* The minimal polynomial of J is $x^{2}-nx$.
* The rank of J is 1 and the eigenvalues are n with multiplicity 1 and 0 with multiplicity n − 1.
* $J^{k}=n^{k-1}J$ for $k=1,2,\ldots .$
* J is the neutral element of the Hadamard product.
When J is considered as a matrix over the real numbers, the following additional properties hold:
* J is positive semi-definite matrix.
* The matrix ${\tfrac {1}{n}}J$ is idempotent.
* The matrix exponential of J is $\exp(\mu J)=I+{\frac {e^{\mu n}-1}{n}}J$

## Applications

The all-ones matrix arises in the mathematical field of combinatorics, particularly involving the application of algebraic methods to graph theory. For example, if A is the adjacency matrix of an n-vertex undirected graph G, and J is the all-ones matrix of the same dimension, then G is a regular graph if and only if AJ = JA. As a second example, the matrix appears in some linear-algebraic proofs of Cayley's formula, which gives the number of spanning trees of a complete graph, using the matrix tree theorem.
The logical square roots of a matrix of ones, logical matrices whose square is a matrix of ones, can be used to characterize the central groupoids. Central groupoids are algebraic structures that obey the identity $(a\cdot b)\cdot (b\cdot c)=b$. Finite central groupoids have a square number of elements, and the corresponding logical matrices exist only for those dimensions.
# 2-step (breakdance move)

The 2-step, also known as Mini Swipe or Baby Swipe, is a footwork sequence in breakdance.

## Description

The 2-step is a fundamental dance move that is often one of the first footwork sequence learned by breakdancers. Many breakdance moves can begin from the 2-step position. This move sets up the direction of movement and builds up momentum when dancing. This move allows the dancer to stay low and in contact with the ground, which places him in an optimal position for performing other dance moves. This move is launched from the third step of the basic 6-step and involves the dancer hopping with a crouched leg over the other straightened leg while simultaneously rotating the dancer's body over the swinging leg in a twisting movement similar to a swipe. The move leaves the dancer in a position similar to the fourth step of the 6-step, but facing 180 degrees in the opposite direction. When dancing 2-step is often used as a move by itself or as a transition into other moves such as powermoves, freezes, toprock and much more.

## Step-by-step

This description is for clockwise rotation. As the name implies, there are a total of two steps in this dance move. A standard version begins in a push up position.
* From the push up position, kick your right leg to the left side as if you were going to a 3-step position.
* Pull your right leg back so that your legs make a v-shape. This should look like step 3 of a 6-step.
* From that position straighten your left leg and sweep it around your right, when it passes in front of your body shift your weight from your right hand to your left hand.
* Without stopping after step 3 lower your right hand and use your right leg to force your body upwards into the air, while you are in the air shift your weight onto your right hand while twisting your torso. Extend your right leg forward and you should land at 180 degrees of your previous position.
Once you have these steps down you should combine steps two and three and do the moves simultaneously.

## Variants

The 2-step is a move based on the 6-step. The 2-step can be down on the knuckles of the hand as well as the palm.
# Northampton (disambiguation)

Northampton is the county town of Northamptonshire in England.
Northampton may also refer to:

## Australia

* Northampton, Western Australia

## Canada

* Northampton Parish, New Brunswick
** Northampton, New Brunswick, an unincorporated community

## England

* John Northampton was mayor of London from 1381 to 1383
* Northampton, Northamptonshire
** Northampton North (UK Parliament Constituency)
** Northampton South (UK Parliament Constituency)

## United States

Towns and cities:
* Northampton, Massachusetts, college town and county seat of Hampshire County, Massachusetts
** Union Station (Northampton, Massachusetts)
* North Hampton, New Hampshire
* Northampton, Fulton County, New York
* Northampton, Suffolk County, New York
* Northampton, Pennsylvania
* Northampton, Texas
* Northampton (Hampton, Virginia), a neighborhood
See also:
* North Hampton (disambiguation)
Township:
* Northampton Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania
* Northampton Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania
Counties:
* Northampton County, North Carolina
* Northampton County, Pennsylvania
* Northampton County, Virginia

## Ships

* Northampton (East Indiaman), two ships
* USS Northampton (CLC-1)
* USS Northampton, an index of ships by this name

## Other

* Marquess of Northampton, a title in the British peerage
* Northampton (album), a 2006 album by Enter the Haggis
* Alternative name for the hymn tune "Cranbrook"
# A Son Unique

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Vibe | |
A Son Unique is the third and final studio album by Ol' Dirty Bastard. It was supposed to be released after ODB's death in 2004 but was eventually shelved. It was meant to be distributed by label owner Damon Dash. However, label issues prevented the album's release. Despite this, it has been available as a digital download and promo CDs had been circulating on the resale market.

## Background

On the day of its planned release, A Son Unique was made available on iTunes. The release was eventually cancelled by ODB's label, Roc-A-Fella. The album was finally going to be released in November 2009 to commemorate the fifth anniversary of ODB's death, but eventually got delayed again. As of 2024, A Son Unique has never been physically released, but available on digital music distribution services.
Before releasing A Son Unique, ODB changed his stage name from Ol' Dirty Bastard to Dirt McGirt. The working title for the album was Dirt McGirt.
# Fucha Peak

Fucha Peak (Bulgarian: връх Фуча, romanized: vrah Fucha, IPA:) is the peak rising to 2604 m in the central part of Bangey Heights, north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It surmounts Marsa Glacier to the west and Padala Glacier to the southeast.
The peak is named after the settlements of Mala (Little) Fucha and Golema (Great) Fucha in Western Bulgaria.

## Location

Fucha Peak is located at 78°02′16″S 85°37′15″W﻿ / ﻿78.03778°S 85.62083°W﻿ / -78.03778; -85.62083, which is 2.45 km northeast of Golemani Peak, 2.66 km east of Oreshak Peak, 2.8 km south by west of Mount Schmid, and 11.43 km northwest of Zimornitsa Peak. US mapping in 1961, updated in 1988.
# CGS Vigilant

CGS Vigilant was a Fisheries Protection patrol vessel employed on the Canadian Great Lakes. Completed in 1904, the vessel remained in service on the Great Lakes until 1924. The vessel was then chartered by the Canadian Customs Preventive Service until 1929 for service on the East Coast of Canada. The ship was sold to private interests and converted to a barge. She remained in service until 1956 when the vessel was broken up.

## Description

Vigilant, designed as an armed patrol vessel for service on the Great Lakes, was of steel construction and fitted with a ram bow. The vessel was 175 feet (53.3 m) long with a beam of 22 feet (6.7 m) and a draught of 10 ft (3.0 m). Vigilant had a tonnage of 396 gross register tons (GRT). The ship was powered by two triple expansion steam engines driving two screws creating 130 hp (97 kW) (nominal) or 1,250 indicated horsepower (932 kW). This gave the vessel a maximum speed of 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph). The vessel was armed with two QF 3-pounder guns.

## Service history

Vigilant, described as the "first modern warship to be built in Canada", was acquired for patrol service on the Great Lakes to replace the aging CGS Petrel. The vessel was constructed by Polson Iron Works Limited at their shipyard in Toronto and was launched on 11 September 1904, and completed later in the year.
Vigilant was sometimes described as a "third class cruiser". Vigilant was credited at the time by the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, Louis-Philippe Brodeur as being the nucleus of the future Royal Canadian Navy. Upon entering service, the crew of the vessel wore naval-style uniforms, a first for Canada. The vessel entered service in 1904 as a fisheries patrol vessel. On 7 June 1905 Vigilant collided with the 12 gross register tons (GRT) fishing steamer Grace M. six miles (9.7 km) east of Middle Island in Lake Erie. Grace M sank and two of fishing vessel's crew drowned in the incident. Vigilant remained on fisheries patrol until 1924, when the vessel was sold by the Department of Marine and Fisheries.
In 1926 Vigilant was chartered by the Customs Preventive Service for East Coast patrols to counter smuggling. Between 1927 and 1929, Vigilant patrolled Nova Scotia's Atlantic coast. The vessel was later converted to a barge and was scrapped in 1956 by Steel Co. in Hamilton, Ontario.
# Appoigny

Appoigny (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.
This village with all its flowers is well known for its architectural heritage but also for its hotels and restaurants. The Saint Pierre collegial church—a classified Historic Building—dates back to the 13th century. It has a tower of the 16th century and a magnificent rood screen dating from 1606–1610. The Château de Régennes lies nearby.
# Lurøya

Lurøya may refer to the following places:
* Lurøya, Svalbard, an island in Svalbard, Norway
* Lurøya, Nordland, an island in Lurøy, Norway
* Lurøya, Steigen, an islet in Steigen, Norway
# Stilpnus (wasp)

Stilpnus is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and North America.
Species:
* Stilpnus adanaensis Kolarov & Beyarslan, 1994
* Stilpnus analogus Forster, 1876
# The Triplets (Robert Island)

The Triplets is an ice-free three-pointed hill rising to 160 m (520 ft) at the southwest extremity of Alfatar Peninsula, Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and surmounting Coppermine Cove to the northwest, Mitchell Cove to the southeast, and English Strait to the west and south. Aconcagua Point 62°23′32.8″S 59°41′08.8″W﻿ / ﻿62.392444°S 59.685778°W﻿ / -62.392444; -59.685778 is formed by an offshoot of the hill.
The Triplets were charted and descriptively named by Discovery Investigations personnel in 1935. Aconcagua Point was named by the 1948-49 Chilean Antarctic Expedition after the province of Aconcagua, Chile.

## Location

The hill is located at 62°23′29″S 59°40′58″W﻿ / ﻿62.39139°S 59.68278°W﻿ / -62.39139; -59.68278 which is 3.15 km (1.96 mi) southeast of Fort William, 750 m (2,460 ft) west-northwest of Debelyanov Point, 3.55 km (2.21 mi) northwest of Negra Point, 6.22 km (3.86 mi) north-northeast of Spark Point, Greenwich Island, 3.13 km (1.94 mi) east-northeast of Barrientos Island, Aitcho Islands and 4.1 km (2.5 mi) east-southeast of Bilyana Island, Aitcho Islands (British mapping in 1935, 1942, 1962 and 1968, Argentine 1948 and 1953, Chilean in 1961 and 1974, and Bulgarian in 2009).
# Rosemary (poet)

Rosemary is a Malayalam language poet and translator from Kerala, India. She has received many awards including Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions in 2019. Her autobiography, Nilaavil Oru Panineerchampa was published in 2021.

## Biography

Rosemary, born Maria Goretti, was born on 22 June 1956, in Kanjirappally, Kottayam district, to K. C. Chacko (Pappachan) and Rosamma. She changed her name to Rosemary herself because of the difficulty of pronouncing her birth name. She completed her school education at Gracie Memorial School, Parathode, and continued her studies at St. Dominic's College, Kanjirapally, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram, Chidambaram Annamalai University and Thiruvananthapuram Press Club to secure a Master's Degree in English Literature and a Diploma in Journalism. She has worked in the editorial department of the Mathrubhumi daily and as a television correspondent for India Today (Malayalam).
Rosemary lives in Thiruvananthapuram.

## Literary career

Rose Mary, who Poet Madhavikutty considered as her successor, published her first poetry collection, Vakkukal Chekkerunnidam published in 1996. Although she declares herself to be a feminist, she believes her writings do not reflect feminist leanings. She has been a member of several committees such as the Sahitya Akademi Advisory Board and the Central Board of Film Certification.
# Richard Gelfond

Richard L. Gelfond (born 1955) is an American business executive and the Chief Executive Officer of IMAX Corporation.

## Early life and education

Gelfond was raised in Plainview, Long Island. He earned his bachelor's degree from Stony Brook University in 1976, and his Juris Doctor from Northwestern University School of Law in 1979. In 2004, Gelfond was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree by Stony Brook University.

## Career

Gelfond started his career as a law clerk for U.S. Court of Appeals judge Max Rosenn. He later worked as a lawyer at Cleary Gottlieb and as an investment banker at Drexel Burnham Lambert.
Gelfond joined IMAX Corporation as Vice Chairman in 1994 when the investment company he co-founded and was a principal of acquired IMAX. He became co-CEO in 1996, and CEO in 2009. In 1996, Gelfond received an Academy Award on behalf of IMAX for Scientific and Technical Achievement.

## Other activities

* Chair, Board of Trustees, Stony Brook Foundation.
* Chairman, Steering Committee, Columbia Shuttle Memorial Trust.
* Vice Chairman, Board of Trustees, New York Historical Society (former role).
# Étang de Vaccarès

Étang de Vaccarès is a lake, or, more accurately, a salt water lagoon (French: étang), in the wetlands of the Camargue in the delta of the River Rhône in southern France.

## Description

The lake has an area of 65 km$^2$, and the depth is less than two meters. It is the northernmost, and also the largest of the lakes of the Camargue, and constitutes the principal element in the water control system of the Rhône delta, which depends upon a strict management of water resources, through pumping, irrigation and draining stations making a complex network of channels throughout the river delta.
The lake is also an important place for rest and food for migratory birds, and it also has a population of the greater flamingo. Because of its importance for wild birds, the Étang de Vaccarès with its surrounding wetlands has been protected as a nature reserve since 1927, and in 1972 it was incorporated into the Parc Régional de Camargue.

## Pollution

Even though the lake is «protected», it is nevertheless exposed to the repercussions of pollution from the large industrial parks nearby, and runoff from the surrounding agricultural areas. Studies show that fish from the lake contains significant levels of contamination.
# Ikon Arts Foundation

Ikon Arts Foundation is a not-for-profit organization to inspire engagement with creative culture in the United States.

## Overview

Ikon Arts Foundation was established in 2014 and is headquartered in New York City. The organization promotes and connects creative culture in the US in the creative and commercial industries.
Ikon Arts Foundation produces the Ikon Review digital platform that enables readers to discover the work of artists, designers and filmmakers from Croatia. It also produces art and film screenings, design exhibitions and creative marketing projects, and also aims to be the English-language resource that features the creative work and personalities.
Ikon Arts Foundation presented a selection of contemporary product design during New York Design Week in 2015 to showcase design creativity and talent.
Artist Marko Tadic's work was exhibited by Ikon Arts Foundation at PULSE Contemporary Art Fair at PULSE New York in 2014.
Ikon Arts Foundation published a book on contemporary photographers entitled DIS / Inheritance: New Photography in 2018 (Author: Don Mengay, Creative Director: Linda Mateljan).
# Van der Woude

Van der Woude is a Dutch toponymic surname meaning "from the forest". The dative form of the particle indicates that the first people carrying the name came from a place called Het Woud of De Woud(e) ("the forest"). Less common variants are Van der Wouden and Van der Woud. People with this name include:
* Adriaan van der Woude (1930–2017), Dutch physicist
* Elizabeth van der Woude (1657–1694), Dutch traveller and writer
* Hatte van der Woude (born 1969), Dutch politician
* John Vander Woude, American politician
* Marc van der Woude (born 1960), Dutch jurist
* Willem van der Woude (1876–1974), Dutch mathematician
# Chak Jethpur

Chak Jethpur is a census town in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Jalandhar and 142 kilometres (88 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).
# A. B. Jackson (painter)

Alexander Brooks Jackson (April 18, 1925 – March 23, 1981) was an American painter.

## Life and career

Jackson was born in New Haven, Connecticut, the son of a black father and an English mother who was born in Manchester, England. He earned BFA and MFA degrees from Yale University, studying with Josef Albers in the mid-1950s. Before entering the teaching field, he spent three years as a designer in the Watson-Manning Advertising Agency in Stratford, Connecticut.
He taught briefly at Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana in 1955, before moving to Norfolk, Virginia in 1956. In 1967, after teaching 10 years at Norfolk State, he joined Old Dominion University (ODU) as a full professor and its first black faculty member.
During his teaching years, Jackson also exhibited his art in many local and neighboring venues. After being denied entry to the Virginia Beach Boardwalk Art show in 1962 because of his race, he won best-in-show there in 1966. He received significant attention in 1968 when several of his drawings were included in a Smithsonian Institution traveling art exhibition.
Influenced by Rembrandt, Jackson worked in a range of materials, including watercolors, pastels, charcoal and acrylic. His series of paintings "The Porch People" depicts anonymous sitters on their porches in Ghent, the district of Norfolk, Virginia, where he lived. His book As I See Ghent: A Visual Essay was published in 1979.
Jackson died in 1981 at age 55, in Norfolk, Virginia.
He is represented in the permanent collections of:
* Mint Museum of Art
* University of Virginia
* Yale University
* Harvard University
* Dartmouth College Museum
* Howard University
* North Carolina State University
* Old Dominion University
* Longwood College
* Louisiana Arts & Sciences Museum
* Muscarelle Museum of Art
* Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
* Chrysler Museum of Art (three-site retrospective exhibition)
* Smithsonian Institution

## Legacy

Passerby: An A.B. Jackson Retrospective showed at ODU's Baron and Ellin Gordon Art Galleries from May 23 to August 2, 2015.

## Personal life

Jackson was the maternal grandfather of professional American football quarterback Russell Wilson.
# Ahmed Abdulla Didi

Dr. Ahmed Abdulla Didi (born 1 October 1966) is the 4th Chief Justice of the Maldives, served from June 28, 2018, till December 8, 2019.

## Early life

Dr. Ahmed Abdhulla Didi was born in S. Hithadhoo, Republic of Maldives on 1 October 1966.

## Education & Career

After completing Secondary Certificate of Al-Azhar at Cairo Preparatory and Secondary Institute, he completed his bachelor's degree in Sharia & Law at Al-Azhar University in 1993.
Prior to his appointment to Supreme Court of the Maldives in 2010, he worked at Attorney General's office as Deputy Attorney General from 2008 to 2009 as well as Counsel General of the People's Majlis in 2010.
He was nominated to Supreme Court by President Mohamed Nasheed and the Majlis confirmed his nomination on August 10, 2010.
After Chief Justice Abdulla Saeed was disqualified from Supreme Court bench on June 20, 2018, President Abdulla Yameen nominated Justice Dr.Ahmed Abdulla Didi as the new Chief Justice, his nomination was confirmed by the Majlis on June 28, 2010.
# Adler's mouse opossum

The Adler's mouse opossum (Marmosa adleri) is a species of opossum in the Marmosa genus in the family Didelphidae.

## Discovery and naming

The name Adler's mouse opossum was named after Greg Adler, a biologist at the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh The Adler's mouse opossum was discovered in 2021 by a team of researchers from the American Museum of Natural History, Siena College and the Bell Museum at the University of Minnesota.
# Falck, Moselle

Falck (French pronunciation:; German: Falk) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Kévin Menaldo

Kévin Menaldo (born 12 July 1992) is a French track and field athlete who competes in the pole vault. He has a personal best of 5.75 m (18 ft 10+1⁄4 in) (set indoors in 2014) and was the silver medallist at the 2013 Mediterranean Games.
Born in Bordeaux, he began training with former Olympic pole vault medalist Thierry Vigneron in 2009. The year he came seventh at the 2009 World Youth Championships in Athletics and also won at the 2009 Gymnasiade with a personal best of 5.05 m (16 ft 6+3⁄4 in) (his first clearance over five metres). He added a further five centimetres to his best in 2010 and won the French junior title. He continued to improve the following season, which culminated in a silver medal at the 2011 European Athletics Junior Championships with a vault of 5.50 m (18 ft 1⁄2 in). He had an indoor best of 5.43 m (17 ft 9+3⁄4 in) at the start of 2012 but faltered in the outdoor season, failed to register a height at the French Athletics Championships.
Menaldo was sixth at the French championships indoors and out in 2013. He came fourth at the European Champion Clubs Cup and bettered his 2011 best with a vault of 5.60 m (18 ft 4+1⁄4 in) at the 2013 Mediterranean Games which brought him his first senior medal (a silver) behind Giuseppe Gibilisco, who set a championship record. He also competed at the 2013 European Athletics U23 Championships, but performed poorly and did not get past the qualifying. He cleared 5.75 m (18 ft 10+1⁄4 in) at the beginning of the 2014 indoor season and went on to claim his first national title at the French Indoor Championships.