OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Statue of Christopher Columbus (Columbus City Hall)

Christopher Columbus, or simply Columbus, is a 1955 sculpture by Edoardo Alfieri, originally installed outside Columbus, Ohio's City Hall, in the United States. The statue was unveiled in 1955, celebrating Christopher Columbus's voyages to the New World. It was removed in July 2020.

## Description

The statue rested on and was the central feature of the Portman Plaza on the south side of City Hall adjoining West Broad Street. The bronze alloy sculpture depicts Christopher Columbus wearing a cloak and holding a rolled document. The statue measures approximately 22 × 7.75 × 5.75 ft (6.7 × 2.36 × 1.75 m) and weighs approximately 31⁄2 tons. It rested on a square stone base that measures approximately 6$^3$ ft. A bronze plaque is infixed on the base.

## History

Cast at the Micheluccio Foundry in Pistoia, Italy, the statue was a gift of the citizens of Genoa, Italy to the citizens of Columbus. It was transported from Italy to the United States aboard the Italian ocean liner SS Cristoforo Colombo. The statue was uncrated and erected in Columbus on October 10, 1955, and dedicated on October 12, 1955, during the city's Columbus Day celebration.
As the statue was undergoing repair work in 1979, a time capsule in the form of a copper box was discovered. It contained, among other items, a railroad bill of lading for shipment of the statue.
The statue was surveyed by the Smithsonian Institution's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in 1992.

## Removal

Amid the removal of Confederate monuments and memorials beginning in 2015, about 150 protesters rallied at the statue in August 2017. The protests aimed to have the statue removed, given Christopher Columbus's violence and enslavement of Native Americans. The 2020 George Floyd protests in Columbus renewed calls to remove the statue, with petitions circulating to also remove other statues of the explorer and to rename the city. The statue's removal was announced on June 18, with Columbus mayor Andrew Ginther announcing plans for a work of art that better represents the people of Columbus. The statue had been vandalized one day prior, with the word "rapist" written across the statue's base. The Columbus Piave Club, representing the Italian-Americans who facilitated the statue's installation there, opposed the move, and called for it to either stay or be returned to them. The club stated it had celebrated the anniversary of its unveiling every year by the statue, since 1955. A city resident filed a lawsuit urging for a court order to stop the statue's removal, in hope that a decision is made by the Columbus City Council after a public hearing. The Columbus Art Commission, which oversees the city's public art, voted unanimously to approve the statue's removal on June 24. The statue was removed and stored on July 1, without a public hearing, as Mayor Ginther was able to order it. The art commission announced in 2020 there will be public input into the work that replaces it, and who the artist will be. As of June 26, 2022, the plinth is still empty.
# Savalagi

Savalagi is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India, It is located in the Jamkhandi taluk of Bagalkot district in Karnataka, it is the birthplace of B. D. Jatti former Vice President of India, also served the Chief Minister of Mysore, Governor of Odisha.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Savalagi had a population of 9623 with 4981 males and 4642 females.
# Eric Bywaters

Eric George Lapthorne Bywaters CBE FRCP (1 June 1910 – 2 April 2003) was a British physician.

## Early years

Bywaters studied at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, graduating in 1933 with a gold medal and honours in pathology, and then worked as an assistant to pathologist Lionel Whitby.

## Career

In 1937 he was invited by rheumatologist Walter Bauer to work at Massachusetts General Hospital and perform research on lupus erythematosus. When war broke out in 1939, Bywaters returned to Britain, but was not taken into the army because of kidney problems and instead took over Rheumatology at the British Postgraduate Medical School at Hammersmith Hospital. During the bombing of London, he clarified that so-called crush syndrome was renal failure in wounded bomb victims who had been freed from crushing injuries. Bywater traced the condition to the release of myoglobin from injured muscle tissue entering the bloodstream. He found a method of treatment in the form of intravenous or oral administration of alkaline fluids.
After the war, he built up rheumatology as an independent medical discipline. In 1947, he became director of a small hospital department for rheumatism sufferers at the Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital in the village of Taplow, near Maidenhead in Berkshire. Immediately after the discovery of the therapeutic effect of cortisone against rheumatic fever by Philip Showalter Hench and Edward Calvin Kendall he undertook clinical tests that confirmed this (participation in 1948). The approach of treating rheumatic heart disease using cortisone, was eventually made irrelevant by the availability of antibiotic treatment, which nearly eliminated the disease in the UK and other developed countries. Bywaters used his expertise as a pathologist for accurate characterization of rheumatic diseases and to develop new methods of treatment of juvenile chronic arthritis in children and adolescents.

## Recognition

In 1963 he received the Canada Gairdner International Award for his work studying rheumatoid arthritis, and he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1975.

## Personal life

His hobbies were gardening and painting.
He was born on 1 June 1910 in London and died on 2 April 2003 in Beaconsfield, England
# Given to the Rising

Given to the Rising is the ninth studio album by American band post-metal band Neurosis, released on June 5, 2007. The album is available in a standard jewel case, a limited-edition digipak, and a limited-edition double LP, all with the same track list. Decibel Magazine listed Given to the Rising as the 76th-best metal album of the decade. A DVD documentary is also available from Neurot Records. The artwork for the album, designed by Josh Graham, is a mixture of photos from Heroes Square in Budapest and drawings inspired by the place. Coincidentally, singer/guitarist Steve Von Till and Josh Graham had separately thought of the idea of using Heroes Square as the artwork for the album.

## Musical style

The album has been described by music critics as a more aggressive, heavier album than their recent previous output, showcasing a "more direct and hard-hitting approach", resulting in "their heaviest record since 99's 'Times Of Grace'".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | B+ |
| Pitchfork Media | (8.6/10) |
| PopMatters | |
| Rock Sound | |
| Spin | |
| Stylus | A− |
The album received critical acclaim upon release. In D. Shawn Bosler's review of the album for Pitchfork, he described it as "their best album in a decade." AllMusic's Thom Jurek praised it as "one hell of an album, better than anyone had any right to expect, and one of the high moments in a career filled with them. Neurosis have no need of caricatures or "more evil than thou" posturing. They are in a league of their own, and from the sounds of Given to the Rising, will remain there for some time."

## Personnel
### Neurosis

* Scott Kelly – vocals, guitar
* Dave Edwardson – bass, backing vocals
* Jason Roeder – drums, percussions
* Steve Von Till – guitar, vocals
* Noah Landis – keyboards, synthesizers, effects, backing vocals

### Technical personnel

* Steve Albini – production, mastering
* John Graham – artwork

## Chart performance

| Charts (2007) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Heatseekers | 31 |
# The Peking Express

The Peking Express: The Bandits Who Stole a Train, Stunned the West, and Broke the Republic of China by James M. Zimmerman is a non-fiction book published in 2023 about on the Lincheng Outrage of 1923. The book features accounts and tells the story from the perspectives of individuals such as John Powell, Lucy Aldrich, Giuseppe Musso, and Sun Meiyao.

## Reception

The book was praised for being well researched and captivating.
# Ether Monument

The Ether Monument, also known as The Good Samaritan, is a statue and fountain near the northwest corner of Boston's Public Garden, near the intersection of Arlington Street and Marlborough Street.
It commemorates the use of ether in anesthesia. Its design has been attributed to the Boston architect William Robert Ware and to the sculptor John Quincy Adams Ward. It is 40 feet (12 m) tall and is the oldest monument in the public garden.

## Description

The statue depicts a medical doctor in medieval Moorish-Spanish robe and turban—representing a Good Samaritan—who holds the drooping body of an almost naked man on his left knee. The doctor holds in his right hand a cloth, suggesting the use of ether that would be developed in centuries to come.
The anachronistic use of a Moorish doctor was probably intentional and served to avoid choosing sides in a debate that was raging at the time over who should receive credit for the first use of ether as an anesthetic. A handful of individuals had claimed credit for the discovery of anesthesia, most notably William T. G. Morton and Crawford Long.

## Inscriptions

At the base of the statue are inscriptions explaining the significance of the discovery of the use of ether as an anesthetic. There are four inscriptions, which include biblical quotations from Isaiah 28:29 and Revelation 21:4:
   *To commemorate that the inhaling of ether causes insensibility to pain. First proved to the world at the Mass. General Hospital in Boston, October A.D. MDCCCXLVI
   * This also cometh forth from the Lord of Hosts which is wonderful and excellent in working. Isaiah.
   * In gratitude for the relief of human suffering by the inhaling of ether a citizen of Boston has erected this monument A.D. MDCCCLXVII.
   * Neither shall there be any more pain. Rev.

## History

Massachusetts General Hospital, where this procedure took place, is located about a 15-minute walk from the site of the monument. The operating theater at MGH where the experiment took place was renamed the Ether Dome. It is now a National Historic Landmark. Several books have been written about this specific event.
The monument was erected in 1868. It was restored and rededicated in 2006.

## Upkeep

As an outdoor monument in an area with a harsh climate, the structure has needed regular upkeep and repair. One source of revenue for upkeep of the monument has been income from R. A. Ortega's Written in Granite: An Illustrated History of the Ether Monument, which is available only by making a donation of at least $100 through the Friends of the Public Garden which goes to a fund devoted to preserving the monument for the future.
# Qezel Hajjilu

Qezel Hajjilu (Persian: قزل حاجيلو, also Romanized as Qezel Ḩājjīlū) is a village in Bash Qaleh Rural District, in the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 225, in 64 families.
# Cheerio (drink)

Cheerio (チェリオ, Cherio) is a Japanese carbonated soft drink manufactured by the Cheerio Corporation. The drink comes in multiple flavors, and was introduced in 1963. The drinks used to be sold in glass bottles, similar to those used for Ramune. In recent years, with the proliferation of steel and aluminum cans and PET bottles, Cheerio (grape and orange only) in glass bottles is only available in the Chūbu region southwest of Tokyo, as well as three vending units in Kanagawa Prefecture.

## Flavors

* Apple
* Grape
* Melon
* Orange
* Fruit punch
* Organic black tea
* Organic green tea
# St Donats

St Donats (Welsh: Sain Dunwyd) is a village and community in the Vale of Glamorgan in south Wales, located just west of the small town of Llantwit Major. The community includes the village of Marcross and the hamlets of Monknash and East and West Monkton. It is named after the 6th-century saint, Dunwyd, a friend of Saint Cadoc. It had a population of 732 in 2011.
St Donat's church, dedicated to St Dunwyd, lies in a depression and is unremarkable from the exterior but contains Stradling family monuments in the Stradling chapel. It is a 12th-century Grade I listed building with a Grade I listed medieval cross in the churchyard.
The village is primarily known as the location of the 12th century St Donat's Castle, which is now an international boarding school occupied by Atlantic College, the first of the United World Colleges. Within the castle grounds lies St Donats Arts Centre.
# Romain Guillemois

Romain Guillemois (born 28 March 1991 in Marmande) is a French former cyclist, who rode professionally between 2014 and 2017 for the Direct Énergie team.

## Major results
### 2009

    3rd Overall Liège-La Gleize
       1st Stage 2 (TTT)
    4th Road race, UCI Junior Road World Championships

### 2010

    2nd Paris–Tours Espoirs
    3rd Paris-Connerré
    5th Chrono des Nations

### 2011

    3rd Overall Boucles de la Mayenne
       1st Stage 1

### 2012

    1st Boucles Catalanes

### 2013

    1st Stage 2 Boucles de la Mayenne
    6th Overall Coupe des nations Ville Saguenay
    6th Road race, Jeux de la Francophonie
    7th Liège–Bastogne–Liège Espoirs
    9th Paris–Tours Espoirs
    10th Tour du Doubs

### 2015

    10th Tour du Doubs
# Gordon Pollock

Alan Gordon Seton Pollock (1943–2019) was a British barrister.

## Early life and education

Born in London, he was the eldest child of Alan and Kathleen Pollock. His father's career in the tobacco industry led the family to live in Johannesburg and Toronto. Pollock was educated at Glenalmond College in Scotland and Upper Canada College, where he was a cricketer for the Canadian under-21 team.
Later, Pollock attended Trinity College, Cambridge, to study law. Despite being offered a fellowship at Jesus College, he missed this opportunity due to a delay in finding the offer letter. His academic career included teaching law at the University of Chicago and starting postgraduate studies in Paris, which he could not complete due to financial reasons.
Pollock married Karen Philippson, a pupil in his chambers, in 1975, and the couple had two children.

## Career

In 1969, Pollock was called to the Bar from Gray's Inn, and by 1978 he had become a Queen's Counsel.
Pollock's legal career focused on commercial law. He appeared in several notable cases reported in The Times, dealing with issues ranging from contract breaches to maritime losses and media law. In 1992, he became the head of chambers at 4 Essex Court, a position he held for 21 years, during which he played a major role in its transformation to Essex Court Chambers and its relocation to Lincoln's Inn Fields.
In court, Pollock was involved in several major cases, including the collapse of the International Tin Council and disputes involving high-profile clients such as Apple Inc., Elton John, and George Michael. His handling of the BCCI case against the Bank of England was particularly noteworthy, although it ended in 2005 without resolution in favor of the bank's creditors. In 2004 at the Royal Courts of Justice Pollock made the longest speech in English legal history, speaking for eighty days while representing creditors and liquidators of BCCI, seeking compensation worth £850m against the Bank of England. His record was broken in 2005 by the leading counsel for the Bank of England, Nicholas Stadlen, speaking in the same case for 119 days.
# İsmail Metin Temel

İsmail Metin Temel (12 March 1958, Adana) is a Turkish Second Army Command former commander. He was the commander of Turkish forces in Syria from 2016 to 2018.

## Biography

İsmail Metin Temel was born in 1958 in Adana. His family settled in Adana in the 1970s. He joined the Turkish Army in 1981. In 2012, Temel was appointed Commander of the 3rd Tactical Infantry Division/Yuksekova Hakkari. In 2016, General Temel, by now Commander of the Van Gendarmerie Public Security Corps, was appointed Commander of the Second Army.

## Military career

Temel has commanded two campaigns. The first was Operation Euphrates Shield, in which he and Lt. Gen. Zekai Aksakallı began the Turkish occupation of northern Syria. His second campaign, the Turkish military operation in Afrin, came amid growing tensions between the Turkish and American governments over the latter's support of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). The SDF includes the People's Protection Units (YPG), which the Turkish government describes as a branch of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). In particular, the Turkish state objected to announced plans by the US to train and equip a 30,000-strong Syrian Border Security Force, which it claimed posed a direct threat to their security. On 31 December 2018, Temel was appointed to the General Staff's Directorate of Audit and Evaluation, by presidential decree.
# Walter John Macdonald Ross

Walter John Macdonald Ross, CB OBE MC TD (1914–1982) was a British Army officer who served as Lord Lieutenant of Kirkcudbright from 1977 to 1982.

## Personal life

Ross was son of Major Robert Ross (1877–1935), deputy assistant provost marshal for the West Scotland area and owner of the Ledgowan estate at Achnasheen, Ross-shire. He was educated at Loretto School, where he was a Cadet Under-Officer in the Officers' Training Corps.
Ross married Josephine May Cross, and had two sons and a daughter; the elder, Lt-Col Malcolm Ross (1943–2019), was a member of the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom and, from 2006, of the household of Charles, Prince of Wales, and the younger, Robert Ross, was Keeper of the Records of the Duchy of Cornwall until retiring in 2013. The family lived at Netherhall, Balmaghie, Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire (now in the Dumfries and Galloway) administrative area.

## Military career and honours

Ross was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 80th (Lowland) Brigade, Royal Field Artillery of the Territorial Army in 1935. He reached the rank of Territorial Army staff Colonel, formerly of the 5th King's Own Scottish Borderers; he held the Territorial Decoration, was awarded the Military Cross in 1946 whilst a Major in the Royal Artillery, and was appointed OBE in the 1955 New Year Honours, and CB in the 1958 Birthday Honours.
From 1977 to 1982, Ross served as Lord Lieutenant of Kirkcudbright; he was also a Justice of the peace.
# Bundesautobahn 39

Bundesautobahn 39 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 39, short form Autobahn 39, abbreviated as BAB 39 or A 39) is an autobahn in northern Germany. It currently connects the cities of Salzgitter, Braunschweig and Wolfsburg, with a planned extension to Lüneburg.
The A 39 begins north of Wolfsburg and ends at the A 7 close to Salzgitter. It crosses the A 2 south of Wolfsburg close to Königslutter.

## Exit list

| (1) | Maschener Kreuz 4-way interchange A 7 |
| (1) | Maschener Kreuz 4-way interchange A 1 |
| (2) | Maschen B 4 |
| (3) | Winsen-West |
| | Rest area |
| | Rest area |
| (4) | Winsen-Ost |
| | Rest area Roddau |
| | Rest area Busschewald |
| (5) | Handorf B 404 |
| | 3-way interchange Handorf (planned) A 21 |
| (6) | Lüneburg-Nord B 4 Under construction |
| | Lüneburg-Adendorf (planned) B 209 |
| | Lüneburg-Moorfeld (planned) |
| | Lüneburg-Bleckeder (planned) |
| | Lüneburg-Neu Hagen (planned) B 209 |
| | Lüneburg-Hafen (planned) B 216 |
| | (planned) |
| | (planned) |
| | Rest area (planned) |
| | Altenmedingen (planned) |
| | Bad Bevensen (planned) B 191 |
| | (planned) |
| | Uelzen-Hanstedt II (planned) B 71 |
| | (planned) |
| | Soltendieck (planned) |
| | Bad Bodenteich (planned) B 190n |
| | Rest area (planned) |
| | Wittingen-West (planned) B 244 |
| | Wittingen-Süd (planned) |
| | (planned) |
| | Ehra-Lessien (planned) |
| | (planned) |
| (1) | Weyhausen B 248 B 188 |
| | Allerbrücke |
| (2) | Wolfsburg-Sandkamp |
| | Mittellandkanalbrücke |
| (3) | Wolfsburg-Autostadt/VW-Werk |
| (4) | Wolfsburg-Fallersleben |
| (5) | Wolfsburg-Mörse |
| (6) | Flechtorf B 248 |
| (7) | Wolfsburg/Königslutter 4-way interchange A 2 |
| (8) | Scheppau |
| (9) | Cremlingen |
| (10) | Sickte B 1 |
| (11) | Braunschweig-Rautheim |
| | Tunnel Lindenbergtunnel |
| (12) | Braunschweig-Südstadt |
| | Tunnel Heidbergtunnel |
| (13) | Braunschweig-Süd 4-way interchange A 395/ B 4 |
| | Okerbrücke |
| (14) | Braunschweig-Südwest 3-way interchange A 391 |
| (15) | Braunschweig-Rüningen B 248 |
| | Tankstelle Rüningen |
| (16) | Salzgitter-Thiede |
| | Brücke Stichkanal Salzgitter |
| (17) | Salzgitter-Lebenstedt-Nord |
| (18) | Salzgitter-Watenstedt |
| (19) | Salzgitter-Lebenstedt-Süd |
| (20) | Salzgitter-Lichtenberg |
| (21) | Westerlinde |
| (22) | Baddeckenstedt B 6 |
| (23) | Salzgitter 3-way interchange A 7 |
# When and If

When and If is a yacht designed by John Alden and commissioned by then Colonel George S. Patton, a widely regarded American war hero. It was built in 1939 as a private yacht by boatbuilder F.F. Pendleton in Wiscasset, Maine. It was constructed of double planked mahogany over black locust frames and an oak keel.

## History
### Commissioning

When and If was commissioned after the Arcturus, with Patton and his wife Beatrice aboard, was badly damaged in a storm while en route to San Diego. Patton was hospitalized as a result, and while there, Beatrice contacted John Alden, the "world's most celebrated marine architect" at the time, to recruit him to design a new yacht along with Patton in the hopes of cheering him up.
Patton intended to sail the schooner around the world with his wife "when and if I return from the war", this phrase being the source of the yacht's name. He confided his plans to Clifford Swain, who drew the lines for the yacht. As Swain later recalled:
   he was passed over twice for promotion to brigadier general by President Roosevelt and that if, as anticipated, he were passed over a third time, he would resigned from the army and cruise in [When and If] around Cape Horn to the West Coast and Catalina Island, which his family once owned."
Patton never fulfilled his dream after dying from injuries sustained in a car accident in 1945 near Speyer, Germany, shortly after the end of World War II.

### Service and rebuilding

When and If remained in the harbor at Manchester-by-the-Sea in Massachusetts and was passed successively from Patton's wife to her brother Frederick Ayer and then on to his son. Frederick Ayer Jr. donated it to the Landmark School in Beverly, MA in 1972, where she was used for sail training programs for children with dyslexia.
Due to financial difficulties, arrangements were made to share ownership with Jim and Gina Mairs. However, in 1990 she broke loose in a gale and was wrecked. Assessed as a total loss, she was successfully salvaged and towed to the Gannon & Benjamin shipyard in Martha's Vineyard. Describing the state of the yacht Jill Bobrow wrote:
   There was a huge gaping hole in her port side, broken frames, twisted cabin sole, thoroughly demolished interior, destroyed rudder, smashed keel – problems galore.
After a three-year rebuilding process, she was re-launched in 1994.
Her deck and transom were rebuilt in upstate New York in 2012; since then she has been actively sailing the East Coast of the United States. Purchased by Captain Seth Salzmann in 2015, she has been a part of Tall Ships Festivals in both 2015 and 2016, and in 2017 When and If sailed with Sail Training International to Bermuda, Boston and on to all corners of the Canadian Maritimes. Her home port in the winter is now Key West, where she offers public and private charters.

## Specifications

As of 2008, When and If was outfitted with a Lugger 110 HP diesel engine. Amenities included a Tasco propane stove, Sea Frost engine driven ice box, and a Double SS sink. The ship's sails were replaced with a new outfit by Sperry in 2010, with a total area of 1,770 square feet for the four lower sails.
# Moaf Amandan

Moaf Amandan (Persian: معاف امندان, also Romanized as Mo‘āf Amandān) is a village in Taher Gurab Rural District, in the Central District of Sowme'eh Sara County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 211, in 72 families.