OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muhammadi Begum

Muhammadi Begum (also known as Sayyidah Muhammadi Begum; 22 May 1878 – 2 November 1908) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, Urdu writer and an advocate of women education. She co-founded the Islamic weekly magazine Tehzeeb-e-Niswan, and was its founding editor. She is known as the first woman who edited an Urdu magazine. She was the wife of Sayyid Mumtaz Ali Deobandi.

## Biography

Muhammadi Begum was born on 22 May 1878 in Shahpur, Punjab. She learned Urdu and she became a Hafiz as she memorized the Quran. She learned to write letters to remain in touch with her elder sister after she got married in 1886.
In 1897, she became the second wife of Sayyid Mumtaz Ali Deobandi, an Islamic scholar and an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband. She learned Arabic and Persian from her new husband and was privately educated in English, Hindi and mathematics.
On 1 July 1898, the couple started a weekly magazine for women called Tehzeeb-e-Niswan, which is regarded as one of the pioneering works on women rights in Islam. The magazine published radical ideas about divorce with enforced alimony and to end purdah and polygamy as it existed. She has been considered as India's first Muslim feminist woman and the first woman who ever edited an Urdu magazine. She edited Tehzeeb-e-Niswan until her death in 1908.

## Literary works

Muhammadi Begum authored thirty books which included Shareef Beti, which dealt with the hazards of arranged marriages of children which often lead to enforced marriages. Her other works include:
* Aaj Kal
* Safia Begum
* Chandan Haar
* Aadab-e-Mulaqaat
* Rafeeqe Aroos
* Khaanadari
* Sughhar Beti

## Death and legacy

Aged 30, Muhammadi Begum died at Shimla on 2 November 1908. Her grandson Naeem Tahir compiled a biography Sayyidah Muhammadi Begum awr Unka Khandan (transl. Sayyidah Muhammadi Begum and her family). Her son was Imtiaz Ali Taj who was born in 1900. She nicknamed him "Mera Taj" (My crown) and in time he would become a leading playwright and adopt her pet name for him, "Taj", as part of his own name. Her daughter, Waheeda Begum, became the editor of her magazine after she died and after a few years Imtiaz Ali Taj took over.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Techiman

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Techiman (Latin: Techimanen(sis)) is a diocese located in the city of Techiman in the ecclesiastical province of Kumasi in Ghana.

## History

* December 28, 2007: Established as the Diocese of Techiman from the Diocese of Sunyani and Diocese of Konongo–Mampong

## Leadership

* Bishops of Techiman (Roman rite)
** Bishop Dominic Nyarko Yeboah (December 28, 2007 – present)
# Melvin Johnson

Melvin Maynard Johnson Jr. (August 6, 1909 – January 9, 1965), nicknamed Maynard Johnson, was an American designer of firearms, lawyer, and United States Marine Corps officer.

## Biography

Born into an affluent Boston, Massachusetts, family, he was commissioned into the Marine Corps Reserve in 1933 as a Second Lieutenant and completed Harvard Law School in 1934. Johnson designed a recoil-operated rifle (M1941 Johnson rifle) while serving for the Marines as an observer at the Army's Springfield Armory in 1935. Johnson received four U.S. patents on various design features. He also designed the Johnson Light Machine Gun, derived from the M1941 rifle, which was used in limited numbers during World War II and the M1947 Johnson auto carbine, also derived from the M1941 rifle and M1941 light machine gun.
He co-authored the 1942 book Weapons for the Future, which is part of the Infantry Journal series. The other author was Army Ordnance Corps member Charles T. Haven. Throughout the war, Johnson put up a lot of effort to promote his machine gun and rifle.
Johnson transferred to the Army Ordnance Corps Reserve from the Marine Corps Reserve in 1949 and rose to the rank of Colonel. In 1949, Winchester bought the Johnson Automatics corporation and employed Johnson for a short period. While at Winchester, Johnson was employed alongside "Carbine" Williams though it is unknown if they worked on the same projects.
He was later appointed as weapons consultant to the Secretary of Defense in 1951.
Johnson's patents were used by Armalite on the AR-10, AR-15, and later M16 rifles. Johnson was hired by Armalite as a consultant to promote their rifle incorporating his bolt design. Johnson also worked to improve the M1 Carbine eventually developing the 5.7mm MMJ (commonly known as .22 Spitfire) cartridge, unsuccessfully submitting it to the U.S. Ordnance Department as a cost effective alternate cartridge conversion for the M1 Carbine. Such conversions are easily accomplished by replacing the barrel, or relining the barrel with a .22 caliber liner and restoring the gas port, as well as adding a caliber specific feed ramp. In 1963, he then started Johnson Arms, Inc. to make, sell, convert, and promote M1 Carbines using his 5.7mm MMJ cartridge.
While on a business trip to New York City in 1965, Johnson died of a heart attack. He is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

## Designs

Johnson's practice was to give all of his weapons a "pet" nicknames.
* 1938 "Taft-Peirce" self-loading rifle
* M1941 rifle: Betsy
* M1941 light machine gun: Emma
* M1947 auto carbine: Daisy Mae
* M1 Carbine in his 5.7 MMJ cartridge: Spitfire
# Francoise Cordon

Francoise Cordon, stage name Mademoiselle Bellonde (1650s–1716), was a French stage actress.
She was engaged at the Hôtel de Bourgogne in 1679. She became a Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française in 1680. She retired in 1695.
She was born in Paris, but left the city to tour around France in a travelling theatre company, in which she achieved great success in the provinces, particularly in Marseilles, and acquired a Gascogne-accent, which was noted when the returned to Paris. In 1679, she was engaged at Bourgogne by recommendation of the duc de Vivonne and the duchesse de Nevers to replace Mademoiselle Champmeslé, who had left the theatre for the Hôtel de Guénégaud. She played tragedienne with success and Bellonde of the Bourgogne was compared with Champmesle of the Guénégaud until the two theatres were united in the Comédie-Française in 1680. After this, she gradually came to act only as the replacement of Champmesle, and playing the second and third roles of tragedies.
# Candice Guerero

Candice Guerero (born 15 April 1990) is a Trinidadian netball player who plays for Trinidad and Tobago in the positions of center or wing defense. She has featured for the national side in three World Cup tournaments in 2011, 2015 and in 2019. She has also represented Trinidad and Tobago at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. She has been playing in international netball since making her debut in 2009.
# Arthur Portelance

Arthur Portelance (19 March 1928 – 27 November 2008) was a Canadian businessman and politician. Portelance served as a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a salesman and businessman by career.
Born in Montreal, Quebec, Portelance represented Quebec's Gamelin electoral district which he first won office in the 1968 federal election. He was re-elected there in the 1972, 1974, 1979 and 1980 federal elections.
Portelance served five successive terms from the 28th to the 32nd Canadian Parliaments. He left national politics and did not campaign in the 1984 election.
# House of Errors

House of Errors is a 1942 American comedy film directed by Bernard B. Ray and written by Ewart Adamson and Eddie Davis. The film stars Harry Langdon, Charley Rogers, Marian Marsh in her final film, Ray Walker, Betty Blythe and John Holland. The film was released on April 10, 1942, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

## Cast

* Harry Langdon as Bert
* Charley Rogers as Alf
* Marian Marsh as Florence Randall
* Ray Walker as Jerry Fitzgerald
* Betty Blythe as Mrs. Martha Randall
* John Holland as Paul Gordon
* Guy Kingsford as Drake
* Roy Butler as Mr. Carr
* Gwen Gaze as Molly
* Monte Collins as Prof. Stark
* Vernon Dent as White
* Robert Barron as Samson
* Lynn Starr as Waitress
* Richard Kipling as Hiram Randall
* Frank Hagney as Black
# Naturix

Naturix is a 1994 action-adventure game developed by Radek Štěrba for Atari 8-bit computers.

## Plot

The Game is set in a Solar System where a Planet called Naturland can be found. It is inhabited by a Race called Naturix. They are dependent on Power Supplies from a Base on the farthest Moon of Naturland. The Protagonist is sent there for some Energy but the Base is occupied by Hostile beings. He has to find four Energy boxes and a Navigation Tool in order to get home.
He returns to his Spacecraft after he obtains everything and leaves the Base. He is last seen flying in the Spacecraft towards Home.

## Gameplay

Player controls a Character of Naturix. His task is to find 4 Boxes and a Navigation Tool. When he obtains all needed items then he has to get to his Spacecraft and leave the Base. He has to search a large base full of Enemies to fulfil this task. He can fire laser shots to kill Enemies but there is a limited amount of Ammo. There are also places where the player has to solve some puzzles.

## Development

The game was developed by Radek Štěrba (Raster Software). He got his first Atari 8-bit computer in 1988. He started to experiment with programming and also created some simple games. He worked with his high school friend Robert Knill. Štěrba admitted that their first projects weren't really good but they got better. Štěrba helped Knill with some games but also created some of his own. His first big game was Predator (1991) that he created with help of Knill.
Štěrba developed Naturix during his studies at Palacký University, Olomouc in 1994. He discussed the development with Robert Knill. Knill talked him to redesign the main character. Knill's critical expression to the original design almost led to a split between them but Štěrba admitted that Knill was right and was glad that he followed Knill's advice. Naturix was released as a commercial game in 1994. Štěrba considered Naturix to be his finest Work. Štěrba was also thinking about a sequel. Štěrba released the game for free in 1999 along his other games.
Flop Magazine published a demo version of the game in its 29th Volume. It included much smaller World and the player could find only Energy Pills and laser shots.
# Liber colorum secundum magistrum Bernardum

The Liber colorum secundum magistrum Bernardum ('Book of Colours according to master Bernard') is a medieval treatise on miniature painting and book illumination. Written in a Medieval Latin interspersed with several expressions in the Italian Lombard dialect it stems from 13th century Northern Italy. The eponymous magister Bernardus (or 'master Bernard') was most likely a cleric working in a scriptorium to whom later collections also attribute further artisanal instructions not related to book painting. It is contained within four manuscripts:
* Biblioteca Ambrosiana (Milan, Italy), ms. D 437 inf. (16th century)
* Bodleian Library (Oxford, England), ms. Canonici Misc. 128 (16th century)
* Biblioteca Estense (Modena, Italy), ms. T.7.3 (15th/16th century)
* Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library (New Haven, United States), MS 986 Insegnamento per pictori ed doratori: artist's manual (ca. 1440)

## Content

The original corpus ascribed to 'master Bernard' himself amounts to 56 recipes. These treat:
* the gilding of parchment
* reds from Indian Redwood
* green earths and copper Greens
* lac (resin) and cinnabar reds
* azurite blues
* blues from woad (Isatis tinctoria)
* pinks
* orpiment
* minium reds
* whites from lime and lead white
* 'silverblue' (misnamed due to the high content of copper in medieval silver)
* blends for flesh colours and clothes
* mosaic gold (‘purpurina’ or 'porporina'), one of the earliest European descriptions predating Cennino Cennini's Libro dell'arte from the 1420ties

## Editions and translations

The Liber colorum was first published, based on three manuscripts, with a translation into Italian and a commentary by the Milanese conservationist Paola Travaglio in 2008, followed by a 2016 re-edition after the discovery of a fourth textual witness. In 2023 Travaglio and Thomas Reiser published a German version with an expanded commentary.
* Paola Travaglio, Il Liber colorum secundum magistrum Bernardum quomodo debent distemperari et temperari et confici, Un inedito trattato duecentesco di miniatura, in: Quaderni dell’Abbazia, Fondazione Abbatia Sancte Marie de Morimundo e Museo 15 (2008), pp. 2–41.
* Paola Travaglio, Il Liber colorum secundum magistrum Bernardum, Un trattato duecentesco di miniatura, in: Studi di Memofonte 16 (2016), pp. 149-195.
* Paola Travaglio and Thomas Reiser, Der ‚Liber colorum secundum magistrum Bernardum’, Ein Maltraktat des 13. Jahrhunderts, Neuedition, Übersetzung und Kommentar, Marktredwitz 2023, 64 pages. ISBN 979-8-85-9925766
# Qeshlaq-e Beyg Ali-ye Sofla

Qeshlaq-e Beyg Ali-ye Sofla (Persian: قشلاق بيگ علي سفلي, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Beyg ʿAlī-ye Soflá) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Sharqi Rural District, Qeshlaq Dasht District, Bileh Savar County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 52, in 9 families.
# 4th Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)

The 4th Mountain Division (German: 4. Gebirgs Division) was a mountain infantry division of the Heer, the army of the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. The division was active between October 1940 and May 1940 and participated in the Balkans campaign as well as on the Eastern Front.

## History

The 4th Mountain Division was established in October 1940. It took part in the 1941 Balkans Campaign and then joined Army Group South in Operation Barbarossa after it was already underway. In 1942 it participated in the failed attempt to seize the Caucasus in Operation Edelweiss under Army Group A. Following the operation's failure, the division was pushed back into the Kuban bridgehead, then the Crimean Peninsula, western Ukraine, Hungary, and Slovakia. The division surrendered to the Soviet forces near Czech city of Olomouc when the war ended in May 1945.
On 1 January 1945, the 4th Mountain Division (then under Army Group Heinrici of Army Group A) had a strength of 12,979 men.$^{:504}$
During the war, 33 members of the division received the Iron Cross Knight's Cross and two received the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves.

## Commanders

* Generalleutnant Karl Eglseer, 23 October 1940 – 1 October 1941
* Oberst Karl Wintergerst, 1 October 1941 – November 1941
* Generalleutnant Karl Eglseer, November 1941 – 22 October 1942
* Generalleutnant Hermann Kreß, 23 October 1942 – 11 August 1943 (Kreß was killed by a Soviet sniper on 11 August 1943, near Novorossiysk on the Kuban bridgehead)
* Generalleutnant Julius Braun, 13 August 1943 – 6 June 1944
* Oberst Karl Jank, 6 June 1944 – 1 July 1944
* Generalleutnant Friedrich Breith, 1 July 1944 – 23 February 1945
* Oberst Robert Bader, 23 February 1945 – 6 April 1945
* Generalleutnant Friedrich Breith, 6 April 1945 – 8 May 1945

## Order of battle

* Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 13
* Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 91
* Gebirgs-Artillerie-Regiment 94
* Panzerjäger-Kompanie 94
* Gebirgs-Pionier-Bataillon 94
* Aufklärungsabteilung 94
* Nachrichten-Abteilung 94
* Gebirgsjäger-Bataillon 94
* Divisions-Einheiten 94
# Richard Blain

Richard Blain (December 8, 1857 – November 27, 1926) was a Canadian politician.
Born in Vienna, Canada West, the son of Isaac Blain and Mary Brodrick, Blain was a hardware merchant. In 1888, he married Hattie James. He was a member of the Brampton Town Council for ten years. He was also Reeve and Deputy Reeve of Brampton and Warden of Peel County. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Peel at the general elections of 1900. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1904, 1908, and 1911. In 1917, he was summoned to the Senate of Canada representing the senatorial division of Peel, Ontario on the advice of Prime Minister Robert Borden. He served until his death in 1926 in Brampton.
# Rebecca Cobb

Rebecca Cobb is a British children's book illustrator who grew up in Buckinghamshire and Somerset, and lives in Falmouth. Along with writing and illustrating her own books, she has collaborated with other authors including Julia Donaldson, Richard Curtis and Helen Dunmore.

## Career

Cobb graduated from Falmouth College of Arts in 2004. After graduating, she worked with The Child Bereavement Charity, Continuum Publishing Group, The Guardian, The Independent, Mabecron Books, Marion Boyars Publishers, Waitrose Food Illustrated and You Magazine.
She collaborated with several authors after graduating from Falmouth. Her first solo project, Missing Mummy was published in 2011 by Macmillan Publishers and centers around the theme of child bereavement.

## Awards and nominations

* 2013 – Lunchtime won a Waterstones Children's Book Prize for Best Picture Book
* 2014 – The Empty Stocking won a Heart of Hawick Children’s Book Award for Best Picture Book (collaborated with Richard Curtis)
* 2014 – The Paper Dolls was shortlisted for the Kate Greenaway Medal (collaborated with Julia Donaldson)
* 2019 – Jane Addams Children's Book Award for The Day War Came, written by Nicola Davies and illustrated by Cobb
# Augustin Brassard

Augustin Brassard (July 16, 1922 – December 26, 1971) was a Canadian politician, lawyer, secretary and teacher. He was born in Roberval, Quebec, Canada. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1957 election as a Member of the Liberal Party to represent the riding of Lapointe. He was re-elected in the 1958 election and defeated in 1962.
# Cheryl Jones (paediatrician)

Cheryl Jones is an Australian paediatric infectious disease physician and researcher. She has won several major awards and held significant leadership roles in several Australian universities.
Jones graduated from the University of Tasmania with a bachelor of medicine and surgery in 1987 and she became a fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (Paediatrics) in 1994. She completed a PhD at University of Sydney in 2020 on the 'Immune protection against latent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by replication-defective mutants in a mouse model'.
Jones was Professor of Paediatrics and Deputy Dean of Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney from 2012 to 2017. In March 2017, Jones became Stevenson Chair of Paediatrics and Head of the Department of Paediatrics at Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne. In 2019, Jones became the first female Head of School and Dean for Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney. Jones became Chair of the AMC’s Assessment Committee in November 2023. In June 2024, she succeeded Vlado Perkovic to became the first female Dean of Medicine & Health at University of New South Wales, Australia.
Jones is a board member of the Ramsay Hospital Research Foundation. She is a specialist editorial adviser for the Medical Journal of Australia.
She is known for her research on herpes simplex and perinatal infections. Her work has been profiled in The Lancet Infectious Diseases.

## Awards

Professor Jones was elected as a fellow of the Australian Academy of Health & Medical Sciences in 2018.
Professor Jones was made a life member of the Australian Society for Infectious Diseases in 2022 for her contribution to Infectious diseases and her roles to the Australian Society of Infectious Diseases.
# Cardabiodontidae

Cardabiodontidae is an extinct family of lamniform sharks. Confirmed members of this family include Cardabiodon and Dwardius, both which are genera which existed in Australia, North America, and Europe during the Late Cretaceous period. It has been suggested that Parotodus could also belong to this family, but the authors that originally made this proposal expressed a weakening of rationale for it.
# Hippulin

Hippulin, also known as Δ$^8$-14-isoestrone, as well as 14-isoestra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-3-ol-17-one, is a naturally occurring estrogen found in horses and an isomer of equilin. The compound, likely in sodium sulfate form, is a component of conjugated estrogens (Premarin), a pharmaceutical extract of the urine of pregnant mares, though it is present only in small amounts in pregnant mare urine. It has been reported by possess either equivalent estrogenic activity to that of equilin or only slight estrogenic activity. The compound was first described in 1932.
# List of Catholic dioceses in Sudan and South Sudan

The Catholic Church in Sudan and South Sudan is composed of
* one Latin hierarchy, united in one single episcopal conference, designated as Sudan Catholic Bishops’ Conference, comprising an ecclesiastical province under a Metropolitan Archdiocese per country, with a total of 7 suffragan dioceses.
* three Eastern Catholic transnational jurisdictions, each covering both countries (the Melkite one mainly in Egypt).
There is also an Apostolic nunciature to Sudan (papal diplomatic representation, embassy-level) in national capital Khartoum (into which to nunciature to Eritrea is also vested), and an Apostolic nunciature to South Sudan, but that last office in vested in the nunciature to Kenya (in Nairobi).

## Current Latin dioceses
### Ecclesiastical Province of Khartoum

covering all Sudan
* Metropolitan Archdiocese of Khartoum
** Diocese of El Obeid

### Ecclesiastical Province of Juba

covering all South Sudan
* Metropolitan Archdiocese of Juba
** Diocese of Malakal
** Diocese of Rumbek
** Diocese of Tombura-Yambio
** Diocese of Torit
** Diocese of Wau
** Diocese of Yei
** Diocese of Bentiu

## Current Eastern Catholic jurisdictions

Three rite-specific churches have competent diocesan jurisdictions, but none is proper to either country alone :

### Armenian Church

(Armenian rite in Armenian language)
* Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Iskanderiya (Alexandria), at Cairo, in and mainly for Egypt

### Melkite (Greek) Catholic Church

(Byzantine Rite)
* Melkite Catholic Patriarchal territory of Egypt, Sudan and South Sudan

### Syriac Catholic Church

(Antiochene rite in Syriac language)
* Syriac Catholic Patriarchal territory of Sudan and South Sudan

## Defunct jurisdictions

No titular see.
Only direct precursors of present sees, except for one suppressed bishopric in Sudan :
* Latin Diocese of Dongola
# Hugo Velázquez Moreno

Hugo Adalberto Velázquez Moreno (born 3 July 1966) is a Paraguayan politician. He is a former Deputy of the Congress of Paraguay, and he served the President of the Chamber of Deputies from 2014 to 2017. Velázquez was elected Vice President in the 2018 general elections.
In June 2022, he registered his candidacy for president in the 2023 Paraguayan general election. However, on 12 August 2022, Velázquez was designated as "significantly corrupt" by the United States Department of State, who accused him of offering a US$1 million bribe to obstruct an investigation involving him, along with an associate, Juan Carlos Duarte, legal counsel for the Yacyretá Dam, and both men had their visa revoked. As a result, Velázquez announced he was dropping his presidential candidacy, effective immediately. Velázquez also initially announced his resignation as vice president, but the following week, he reversed course and stated that he would not resign from the office, stating that there were no investigations for corruption against him in Paraguay. On 26 January 2023, the United States announced further sanctions against Velázquez, prohibiting him to do business with U.S. companies or have access to U.S. banks under the Magnitsky Act.
# Antonette Wilken

Antonette Wilken (born 9 June 1961) is a Zimbabwean diver. She competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics.