OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elly Kadoorie

Sir Eleazer "Elly" Silas Kadoorie KBE (1867 – February 8, 1944) was a Baghdadi-born Jewish businessman and philanthropist active in Shanghai and Hong Kong. He was a member of the wealthy Kadoorie family that had large business interests in the Far East.

## Biography

His family were originally Iraqi Jews from Baghdad who later migrated to Bombay (British Raj), in 1870s. His brother was Sir Ellis Kadoorie, and his sons were Sir Lawrence Kadoorie and Sir Horace Kadoorie.
Elly Kadoorie arrived in Shanghai from Bombay in 1880 as an employee of the Baghdadi Jewish firm David Sassoon & Sons. Within a few years he had accumulated large sums of money and had gone into business on his own account, with companies in both Shanghai and Hong Kong. He became the largest shareholder when China Light & Power was restructured in early 20th century. Over the next two decades, the Kadoorie brothers made their fortunes, achieving success in banking, rubber plantations, electric power utilities and real estate and gaining a major shareholding in Hong Kong Hotels Limited.
Kadoorie was made an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1926 Birthday Honours. He was given the Order of the Brilliant Jade by the Chinese government. He became a naturalised British citizen the following year.
In 1942, Kadoorie was taken from his home in Shanghai and interned in a Japanese prison camp for foreign civilians. He died in prison on February 8, 1944.
Sir Elly Kadoorie's grave and that of his wife Laura (née Mocatta), Lady Kadoorie, are located in the Song Qingling Memorial Park near Hongqiao Road, Shanghai, and are accessible to visitors. Theirs are amongst only four Jewish tombstones in Shanghai which remained intact and were not destroyed during the Cultural Revolution.
# Clarmallagh

Clarmallagh (Irish: Clár Maí Locha) is a barony in County Laois (formerly called Queen's County or County Leix), Ireland.

## Etymology

Clarmallagh means "Flat land of Maigh Locha [lake plain]", referring to Grantstown Lake.

## Geography

Clarmallagh is located in south County Laois, to the south of the River Gully, and to the north of the County Kilkenny border. It contains the lower part of the Erkina River where it drains into the River Nore.

## History

Clarmallagh barony was anciently the northernmost part of the Kingdom of Osraige (Ossory).
In the early 12th century, Finn Ua Caellaide ruled Magh Locha (Clarmallagh) separately from the rest of Ossory.
It was ruled by the Ó Faoláin (Phelan).
It is referred to in the topographical poem Tuilleadh feasa ar Éirinn óigh (Giolla na Naomh Ó hUidhrín, d. 1420):
I Muiġ Laċa na learg te Ó Faoláin, fearḋa an fíne Mór an dúthaiġ as díol dáiḃ Do lín futha Ó Faoláin
("In Magh Lacha of the warm hill slopes is Ó Faolain of manly tribe; Extensive is the district due to them, which the Ó Faolains have filled.")
Clarmallagh was formerly a part of the Upper Ossory barony, established by 1657; in 1842 it was divided into three cantreds: Upper Woods, Clandonagh and Clarmallagh.

## List of settlements

Below is a list of settlements in Clarmallagh barony:
* Abbeyleix
* Ballacolla
* Durrow
# Chahar Shamin

Chahar Shamin (Persian: چهارشمين, also Romanized as Chahār Shamīn) is a village in Deraz Kola Rural District, Babol Kenar District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20, in 7 families.
# European Sun

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| New Musical Express | 7/10 |
European Sun is a compilation of rare and unreleased tracks by former Josef K vocalist, Paul Haig. The album was released in 1988 on Belgian independent label Les Disques Du Crepuscule.
Interspersed between the rare a-sides and b-sides are tracks from Haig’s unreleased album, shelved by Island Records in 1985. Several tracks recorded during the Island sessions did, however, appear on the 1986 album The Warp Of Pure Fun.
Also included is the unreleased collaboration with Sheffield’s Cabaret Voltaire and a home demo, "Psycho San Jose".
In 2004, LTM released another compilation of rare material, Then Again; this duplicated several tracks from European Sun.

## Track listing

* Running Away
* Chance
* Justice
* Swinging For You
* Shining Hour
* Blue For You
* Ghost Rider
* Torchomatic
* Endless Song
* Closer Now
* Dangerous Life
* The Executioner
* Psycho San Jose
* On This Night Of Decision
* World Raw
# Manjari Miller

Manjari Chatterjee Miller is Professor of international relations and the inaugural Munk Chair in Global India at the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto. She specializes in narratives in rising powers, particularly China and India. She is a Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington D.C. Previously she was an Associate Professor of international relations at Boston University

## Early life and education

Miller received a BA from the University of Delhi in India and an MA from the University of London in the United Kingdom.
Miller received her PhD from Harvard University and completed a post-doctoral fellowship at Princeton University.

## Notable work

In 2013, Miller published Wronged by Empire on the response to colonization in India and China.
In 2021, Miller published Why Nations Rise, which draws on the historical cases of the United States, Meiji Japan, the Netherlands, and Cold War Japan. Miller focuses on the role of narratives in rising powers in the context of contemporary China and India.
# Yu (percussion instrument)

The yu is an idiophonic tiger-shaped percussion instrument that was used in yayue, the ritual music of ancient China's Zhou dynasty.

## Form

The yu is a hollow wooden box shaped and usually painted to resemble a tiger. The back is serrated with 27 teeth, sometimes positioned to match the stripes of the tiger.

## Performance

The yu is played with a bamboo whisk with about 15 tines. The whisk is used to strike the head and to run across the serrated back.

## Use

In antiquity, the yu was used to mark the end of a piece of music. The head was struck three times and then the back was crossed once to bring the music to a close. This contrasted with the zhu, a tapered hollow box whose inner bottom surface was struck to mark the beginning of music. Both instruments appear in Zhou-era annals and the Classic of History but are now rarely used, with surviving examples usually simply displayed in museums and Confucian temples. The Classic of Music that instructed creation and use of the yayue instruments is almost entirely lost, and aspects of modern construction and performance are guesswork or replacement. Nonetheless, a few temples—including the main Taiwan Confucian Temple—still use them for Confucian ceremonies. The reconstructed form is also used in Shaoxing Opera.

## Legacy

The Korean eo is essentially identical to the yu and continues to be used in Korean ritual music. The Vietnamese ngu (Vietnamese: ngữ or 敔) is also essentially identical to the yu.
# Ztracená brána

Lost Gate (Czech: Ztracená brána) is a Czech mystery series that premiered on Czech Television in September 2012. It is a sequel to the three-part series Ďáblova lest (2009). It was written by Arnošt Vašíček and directed by Jiří Strach.
The pair of police investigators Petr Sumara and Lenka Šímová investigate a case of a serial killer in the environment of the Prague lodge of freemasons with the help of religionist Michal Runa (Ivan Trojan).

## Cast

* Ivan Trojan as religionist Michal Runa
* Jiří Dvořák as commissioner Petr Sumara
* Anna Geislerová as Lenka Šímová
* Pavel Rímský as Bervida
* Viktor Preiss as Rohan
* Jana Pidrmanová as Tereza
* Matěj Hádek as Jandák
* Pavel Kříž as Samuel Goldstein
* Josef Abrhám as Kruml
* Tomáš Töpfer as Taussig
* Petr Pelzer as Haluzka
* Táňa Medvecká as botanist
* Zuzana Stivínová as Ormová
* Martin Myšička as pathologist
* František Němec as Abbott
* Jiří Langmajer as Zábranský
* Martin Preiss as lawyer
* Anna Kulovaná as bartender
* Martin Stropnický as dean

## Episodes

| Episode | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Czech viewers (millions) |
| Episode 1 | Jiří Strach | Arnošt Vašíček, Jiří Strach | 9 September 2012 | 0.964 |
| Episode 2 | Jiří Strach | Arnošt Vašíček, Jiří Strach | 16 September 2012 | 1 |
| Episode 3 | Jiří Strach | Arnošt Vašíček, Jiří Strach | 23 September 2012 | 1.06 |

## Production

The series was shot in various locations of Prague and Znojmo. most of the footage from the underground comes from the Znojmo underground. Filming was also done, for example, in the Prague subway, under the Čech bridge, by Motolské potok, in the Prague sewage treatment plant or in the Vyšehrad casemates. There were over 50 filming days. The director of the second crew was Vojtěch Moravec.
# Yudl Yoffe

Yudl Yoffe or Yudl Yofe (Yiddish: יודל יאָפע, Russian: Юдл Иоффе; Юдель Иофе, 1882–1941/1942) a was Yiddish writer, translator and sculptor.

## Biography

Yoffe was born in 1882 in Borzna, Chernigov Governorate. Left an orphan early, he was brought up by his sister in Nizhyn, worked as an apprentice for a tailor, joined the revolutionary movement and, as an agitator, traveled around the Jewish miasteczkoes of Ukraine and Bessarabia, was arrested. Until 1926 he was a tailor. He began his literary work in the magazine «Lebn un Wisnschaft» (Yiddish: לעבן און וויסנשאַפֿט — Life and Science) under the pseudonym «Folkskind» (Yiddish: פאָלקסקינד — Child of the Folk). In 1903 he published an essay in an illegal publishing house in Chișinău. After the 1905 revolution in Russia, he became close to the anarchists. He began his literary career in 1915 with the publication of the story «Dos Eidem» (Son-in-law) in the magazine «Die idische Welt» (The Yiddish World) (1915). At one time he was engaged in sculpture (self-taught), took part in the Kyiv exhibition of Jewish artists in 1920. He was one of the founders of the Jewish section of the Moscow Association of Proletarian Writers. In 1921 he moved to Moscow. Collaborated in Jewish newspapers, magazines. The following books were published: «In Kessl grub» (In the Boiler-Pit; 1929), «A dire» (Flat; 1929), «In groissn NEP Hoif» (In the Large NEP Homestead; 1929), «In Kamf» (In the Fight; 1932), «Onwuks» (Tumor; 1932), «Fun trep, zu trep» (From the Steps to the Steps; 1933), dedicated to the civil war in Ukraine, the years of the New Economic Policy, and socialist construction. Yoffe is a realist writer leaning towards portraiture and lyrical sketching. Workers, worker correspondents, student workers, responsible workers, NEPmans — this is the social type of his works. All his works are imbued with the pathos of the struggle for socialist life and culture. He published essays and poems in various Jewish periodicals. He translated the works of Russian classics into Yiddish.
Yoffe died in 1941 or 1942 in Moscow.

## Works

* 1915 דאָס איידעם
* 1929 א דירע : דערציילונגען
** 2004 א דירע : דערציילונגען
* 1929 אין קעסל-גרוב : דערציילונגען
* 1929 אין גרויסן נעפ הויף
** in 1930, the book «אין גרויסן נעפ הויף» was published in an authorized translation in Russian under the title: «На нэповском подворьи»
* 1932 אנוווקס : (ראמאן אין פיר טיילן)
* 1932 אין קאמף : דערציילונגען
* 1933 פון טרעפ צו טרעפ
* 1934 ארטשיק ברוק : דערצײלונג פאר קינדער
** 2003 ארטשיק ברוק : דערצײלונג פאר קינדער
* 1936 דאָס איידעמל : ראָמאנ
* 1936 דערצײלונגענ
* 1936 מעלוכע־פארלאג פונ װײסרוסלאנד
* 1938 אלע וועלטנ : דערציילונגענ
* 1938 פונ אמאל
* 1940 פרישע קויכעס : ראמאנ
* 1940 גינגאָלד
* 1941 אפנ גלייכנ וועג : דערציילונגענ
# Zoğalbulaq

Zoghalbulag (Azerbaijani: Zoğalbulaq) or Drakhtik (Armenian: Դրախտիկ, lit. 'little paradise') is a village in the Khojavend District of Azerbaijan, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population prior to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, and also had an Armenian majority in 1989.

## History

During the Soviet period, the village was part of the Hadrut District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. After the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the village was administrated as part of the Hadrut Province of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village came under the control of Azerbaijan on 9 November 2020, during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

## Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around the village include the church of Surb Grigor Narekatsi (Armenian: Սուրբ Գրիգոր Նարեկացի, lit. 'Gregory of Narek') built in 1645, a village and cemetery from between the 17th and 19th centuries, and a 17th/18th-century khachkar.

## Demographics

The village had 417 inhabitants in 2005, and 450 inhabitants in 2015.
# Vtorov

Vtorov (masculine, Russian: Второв) or Vtorova (feminine, Russian: Второва) is a Russian surname. It is derived from the sobriquet второй (vtoroy, meaning "Second") and may refer to:
* Aleksandr Vtorov (1916-?) Soviet equestrian
* Nikolay Vtorov (1866–1918), Russian industrialist
* Pyotr Vtorov (1938-1979), Soviet scientist
# Uostadvaris Lighthouse

Uostadvaris Lighthouse (Lithuanian: Uostadvario švyturys) is a lighthouse located 12 kilometres north of Rusnė, in Lithuania. The lighthouse is located on southern side of the Atmata River, one of the mouths of the Nemunas Delta, on the coast of the Curonian Spit.
The lighthouse Kuwertshof was constructed in 1876, when the area was part of the German state of Prussia. It is an octagonal red-brick tower, attached by a passage to the lighthouse keeper's building. The lighthouse was deactivated in 1986.
# 1928–29 Maltese Premier League

The 1928–29 Maltese First Division was the 18th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 3 teams, and Floriana F.C. won the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Floriana F.C. (C) | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 4 | +5 | 7 |
| 2 | Sliema Wanderers F.C. | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 6 | −1 | 4 |
| 3 | Valletta United | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | −4 | 1 |

## Results

| Home \ Away | FLO | SLI | VAL |
| Floriana | — | 4–1 | 1–0 |
| Sliema Wanderers | 2–2 | — | 0–0 |
| Valletta United | 1–2 | 0–2 | — |
# Yulianna

Julie King (born May 26, 1982), known as Yulianna, is an American singer-songwriter. She achieved popularity in the early 2000s by combining classical training with mainstream pop music, and her song "Don't Take Your Love Away" charted at number 1 on the Billboard Dance/Club Songs Chart in 2013. Yulianna has been credited with coining the term popra for the combination of pop and opera.

## Early life and training

Born in Almaty, Kazakhstan, in the former Soviet Union, King was trained as a vocalist and violinist. She grew up in Santa Barbara, California, and earned a master's degree at the California Institute for the Arts before moving to Los Angeles to pursue a career in entertainment.
King's early career included vocal training with Russian opera singer Vladimir Chernov (now a music professor at the University of California, Los Angeles) and the composer Daniel Catán.

## Career

In 2009, King met with music producer Robin Nixon, and the two went on to produce her first album, La-La-Land.
In 2012, she released her first single, "Race Car", with help from Nixon. "Race Car" was generally well received by critics, and the music video, directed by Waleed Moursi, won Best Music Video at the 2012 Colorado Film Festival.
King's first hit was "Forgiveness", a collaboration with Walter Afanasieff. The song and video garnered over a million views on YouTube. It was submitted for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist for the 55th Annual Grammy Awards in 2012. The video won several awards, including Best Music Video at the Naperville Film Festival and the Las Vegas Film Festival.
In 2013, King released her first full-length dance album, Californ-i-a, written and produced with RAS and Spencer Nezey. Californ-i-a featuring The Game, was well received by critics and was distributed internationally. The single "Don't Take Your Love Away" remixed by DJ Lynwood, Excel Beats and Erik Mota reached the Top 50 Billboard chart.
King's album, Popra Soldier, released in 2014, featured piano player Ruslan Sirota.
# Géo Ham

Géo Ham, Georges Hamel (18 September 1900 in Laval, Mayenne, France – June 1972 in Paris) was a French painter and illustrator.
He is known for his illustrations of aeroplanes or automobiles which appeared in L'Illustration. He also illustrated numerous posters advertising major motor races in France including the Le Mans 24 hour race and the Monaco Grand Prix.
In 1918, he was received at the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs.
He was appointed as an Official Peintre de l'Air in 1931.
Géo Ham competed in the 1934 Le Mans 24 hour race in a 2 litre Derby. He did not finish the race as transmission problems forced him to withdraw.

## Works

* Jacques Mortane, ill. Géo Ham: Large aircraft raids, Ed. Mame, 1936
* Roland Tessier, Illustrations by Géo Ham: Henri Guillaumet, Éditions Flammarion, 1947
# XXIII de Marzo Group

The XXIII de Marzo Group (Spanish: Agrupación XXIII de Marzo) was one of the Blackshirt units sent to Spain during the Spanish Civil War to make up the "Corpo Truppe Volontarie" (Corps of Volunteer Troops), or CTV. This unit was attached to the 2nd CCNN Division "Fiamme Nere" during the Battle of Guadalajara in March 1937. Following defeat there, it was sent to Vizcaya in April 1937 with the Flechas Negras Mixed Brigade and 11 Groups of CTV Corps Artillery.

## Battle of Guadalajara March 1937

Independent Group "XXIII March" - Console Enrico Francisci
* 4th Grupo de Banderas - Console Francesco Gidoni
** Bandera "Toro" - 1st Seniore Mario Bertoni
** Bandera "Bisonte" - 1st Seniore Fiorentini
** Bandera "Bufalo" - 1st Seniore Piero Bologna
** Battery (65/17)
** Engineer Section
* 5th Grupo de Banderas - Console Enrico Francisci
** 540 Bandera "Lupi" - Seniore Nello Brogi
** 530 Bandera "Implacabile" - Seniore Di Puccio
** Bandera "Ardente" - 1st Seniore Spangaro
** Battery (65/17)
** Engineer Section

## Vizcaya April 1937

Agrupación XXIII de Marzo - Console Enrico Francisci
* 11th Battery (65/17)
* IV Grupo de banderas
** Bandera "Bufalo"
** Bandera "Bisonte"
** Bandera "Toro"
** 508 Battery (65/17)
** Mortar Platoon
* V Grupo de banderas
** 530 Bandera "Implacabile"
** Bandera "Ardente"
** 540 Bandera "Lupi"
** 608 Battery (65/17)
** Mortar Platoon
* Carabinieri Platoon
* Bandera de complemento
The Blackshirt (Camicie Nere, or CCNN) Divisions contained regular soldiers and volunteer militia from the Fascist Party.
# Yu Ruiyuan

Yu Ruiyuan (Chinese: 余瑞源; born September 13, 1991) is a Chinese chess player. Born in Guangdong, he was awarded the title Grandmaster by FIDE in 2012. In 2006, he played on board 2 for the bronze medal-winning Chinese team at the World Youth Under-16 Chess Olympiad. In 2015, Yu won the bronze medal at the 1st Asian University Chess Championship in Beijing.
# Cirilo Nelson

Cirilo Nelson (30 July 1938 – 26 December 2020) was a Honduran botanist and researcher at the Department of Biology of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. In 1965, he earned his master's degree at the University of Colorado. In the mid 1980s, he collected plants with the likes of David Ruiz and Sandra Gomez in the Swan Islands. He is particularly renowned for his catalogue of Honduran plants, around 10,127 described species, believed to be representative of about 60 percent of what exists.
# Bill Homan

William Alfred Ernest Homan (25 December 1880 – 1 May 1963) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood and Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# 1936–37 Maltese Premier League

The 1936–37 Maltese First Division was the 26th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 4 teams, and Floriana F.C. won the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Floriana F.C. (C) | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 6 | +4 | 8 |
| 2 | Hibernians F.C. | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 6 | −1 | 6 |
| 3 | Sliema Wanderers F.C. | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 5 | +2 | 5 |
| 4 | St. George's F.C. | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 10 | −5 | 5 |

## Results

| Home \ Away | FRN | HIB | SLM | STG |
| Floriana | — | 2–1 | 1–1 | 3–1 |
| Hibernians | 2–2 | — | 0–0 | 0–2 |
| Sliema Wanderers | 0–2 | 0–1 | — | 1–1 |
| St. George's | 1–0 | 0–1 | 0–5 | — |
# Upadhi

Upādhi (Sanskrit:उपाधि ) is a term in Hindu philosophy meaning "imposition" or "limitation". In Hindu logic, an upādhi is the condition which accompanies the major term and must be supplied to limit the too general middle term. For instance, "the mountain has smoke because it has fire" rests on the false premise that all fire is accompanied by smoke. To restrict the too general middle term here, 'damp fuel' should be added as the condition of smoky fire.
It can also be viewed as a disguise or vehicle for true reality, both defining something and limiting it. For example, the body of a man or animal is the upādhi of its true self. Another example is that the true self, Brahman (Sanskrit: ब्रह्म ) is hidden in a living being, jiva (Sanskrit: जीव ) by the upādhi of the mind, Antahkarana (Sanskrit: अंतःकरण ) and the creator God, Īshvara (Sanskrit: ईश्वर ) by the upādhi of Māyā (Sanskrit: माया ) an appearance which is not what it seems. Upādhi is the condition of body and mind obscuring the true self which Indian schools of thought seek to remove for the attainment of moksha, realisation of the true self.
Comans says the word upādhi is the most important technical expression in Advaita Vedanta. He mentions that upādhi refers to a thing that apparently conditions something else by transferring its properties to that other thing on account of the proximity between them. The standard illustration is that of a red flower which transfers its property of redness to a clear crystal due to their proximity. In this case the red flower is the upādhi of the crystal.
In his commentary on the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣhad 3.8.12, Śaṅkara raises the important question as to what is the difference between Brahman, God (Īśvara), and the individual self (jīva) and he answers the question by saying that these distinctions are made only on the basis of limiting adjuncts (upādhi), which prevents reality. There is no difference between them.
# Harry Neil

Howard Scott "Harry" Neil (13 September 1882 – 11 October 1952) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood and Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Family

The son of John Isaac Neil (1846-), and Sarah Scott Neil (1860-1928), née Thompson, Howard Scott Neil was born at Break O'Day, Victoria on 13 September 1882.
He married Elsie Cecilia Hopkinson (1889-1970) in 1911. They had six children.

## Football
### Collingwood (VFL)

He played in 4 senior games for Collingwood in 1904.

### Prahran (VFA)

He transferred to Prahran in 1905, and played in his first senior match, against Footscray, on 10 June 1905.

### Richmond (VFL)

In his three seasons with Richmond (1908-1910), he played in 31 senior matches.

### Prahran (VFA)

In June 1910 he was cleared from Richmond to Prahran.

### Brighton (VFA)

In May 1911, he was granted a permit to transfer from Prahran to Brighton.

## Death

He died at Mont Park, Victoria on 11 October 1952.
# WAPA

WAPA may refer to:
* WAPA (AM), a radio station (680 AM) licensed to serve San Juan, Puerto Rico
* WAPA-TV, a television station (channel 4 virtual/27 digital) licensed to serve San Juan, Puerto Rico
* WVOZ (AM), a radio station (1260 AM) licensed to serve Ponce, Puerto Rico, which held the WAPA call sign from 2022 to 2024
* WMTI (AM), a radio station (1160 AM) licensed to serve Barceloneta-Manatí, Puerto Rico, which held the WAPA call sign from May to June 2022
* Western Area Power Administration, a United States Federal Government Administration within the Department of Energy
* Warsaw Pact, an organization of communist states created in 1955 to counter NATO
* Amahai Airport, in Amahai, West Papua, Indonesia (ICAO code WAPA)
* World Apple and Pear Association, an industry body representing major apple and pear producing countries globally