OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paleothalamus

The paleothalamus is an obsolete term for the portion of the thalamus that is believed to be phylogenetically (or evolutionarily) older than other parts of the thalamus. Specifically, the midline and medial nuclei of the thalamus, as well as the intralaminar nucleus, are considered to belong to the paleothalamus
The term "paleothalamus" is opposed to the paired term neothalamus (also considered to be obsolete), which designates the phylogenetically (or evolutionarily) newer or younger parts of the thalamus, specifically, lateral nuclei of the thalamus, the pulvinar and the geniculate bodies.
Initially, the paleothalamus was distinguished from other parts of the thalamus (i.e. from the neothalamus) on the basis that paleothalamic nuclei were believed to lack reciprocal connections with neocortex (isocortex), unlike neothalamic nuclei, which have manifold reciprocal connections to the neocortex. Today it is known that thalamic nuclei which were previously termed "paleothalamic" also have such reciprocal connections with neocortex. This was the main reason why the terms "paleothalamus" and "neothalamus" were felt obsolete and fell into disfavor.

## Sources

* 1 2 "Paleothalamus". The Free Dictionary (Medical Dictionary). Retrieved 2024-10-19.
* 1 2 "Neothalamus". The Free Dictionary (Medical Dictionary). Retrieved 2024-10-19.
* ↑ "Medical Definition of NEOTHALAMUS". Merriam-Webster.
* ↑ "neothalamus | Definition of neothalamus in English". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on May 27, 2018.
* This neuroanatomy article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# The Wedding of Mrs. Fox

"The Wedding of Mrs. Fox" (German: Die Hochzeit der Frau Füchsin) is two German fairy tales collected under the same title by the Brothers Grimm in Grimm's Fairy Tales as number 38. It was included in all editions, and is classified as Aarne-Thompson type 65, 1350, 1352*, and 1510.
The second version of the tale was told to the Grimms by Ludovico Brentano Jordis, who also wrote down "The Lion and the Frog" for the brothers.

## Synopsis

In the first version of the story, Mr. Fox has nine tails. He feigns death to test his wife's fidelity. Mrs. Fox rejects all the fox suitors that have fewer than nine tails. When she gets engaged to another fox with nine tails, Mr. Fox arises and throws everyone out of his house, including his wife.
In the second version, Mr. Fox dies, and Mrs. Fox is suited by a dog, a deer, a hare, a bear, and a lion. She rejects them because they do not have red pants and a pointed face. When a fox arrives and meets her requirements, she agrees to marry him and laments her first husband's selfishness.

## Motifs

The Grimms used the word "Zeiselschwänze" for "tails" when Mrs. Fox asks about her potential suitors in the first version of the story. The root "schwanz" creates a double entendre as it is also used to describe male genitalia.

## In popular culture

"The Wedding of Mrs. Fox" is featured in Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics. In this version, the wealthy Mr. Fox is convinced by a devilish fox he encounters fishing that his beautiful wife is being unfaithful and convinces him to at first follow her though he finds no proof of infidelity so the devilish fox suggests he pretend he is dead, fooling both his wife and their feline maid. The first suitor is Mr. Fox's friend and Mrs. Fox is too busy mourning her husband to take suitors telling the maid to send him away. However when a second suitor appears the maid realizes that they will run out of money and convinces Mrs. Fox that she must find a suitor so she agrees but states he must have nine tails like her husband. Meanwhile, Mr. Fox feigns death while fighting his growing hunger though grows confident that his wife will remain faithful as she refuses each suitor until a wealthy younger fox with nine tails appears and she agrees, causing an angry Mr. Fox to confront the nine tailed suitor, the maid, and Mrs. Fox. However Mrs. Fox points out he was wrong to deceive his wife in such a manner as she had been faithful to him and only chose the suitor as she thought he was dead and thought she would have to provide for herself and the maid defends her mistress by attacking him as he had always mistreated his housekeeper. Mr. Fox chases them out of the house, but realizes he is now alone. The devilish fox is revealed to be the devil on his shoulder that makes one do bad things, causing Mr. Fox to angrily attack the devil only to destroy his house.
# Adrian Douglas Berry

Adrian Douglas Berry (August 3, 1922 – June 16, 2007) was an Alberta politician who led the Alberta Liberal Party in 1966.
Berry was born in Millet, Alberta. At 17, he enlisted in the Canadian Army during World War II and served as a tank commander in Italy and North Africa until he was injured and evacuated to England.
After the war, Berry earned his Bachelor of Education at the University of Alberta and taught briefly in Edmonton before joining the National Life Assurance Company, eventually becoming an executive. He later moved to Calgary and, in 1964, was elected to Calgary City Council as alderman for Ward 3 and served in that position for nine years. In the 1965 federal election, Berry was the Liberal Party of Canada's candidate in Calgary North where he came in second, losing to incumbent Douglas Harkness by almost 7,000 votes.
He contested the leadership of the Alberta Liberal Party and, on January 15, 1966, won the party's leadership convention narrowly on the third ballot. The party was deeply divided, however, and Berry resigned the party's leadership on November 7, 1966.
Berry formed a consulting firm that specialized in management services for associations and societies and also served as executive director of the Alberta Optometric Association and the Opportunity "45" Society.
# Selaginella willdenowii

Selaginella willdenowii is a species of vascular plant in the Selaginellaceae family. It is a spikemoss known by the common names Willdenow's spikemoss and peacock fern due to its iridescent blue leaves. Like other Selaginallales, it is fern ally and not a true fern.
Selaginella willdenowii is sometimes spelt incorrectly as Selaginella willdenovii.

## Description

The blue iridescence is produced by thin-film interference in a thin layer of cells with lamellar structure present in the upper cuticle of leaves. It is suggested that this adaptation reduces the effect of strong sun beams filtering through the canopy that would otherwise damage shade-adapted species. Blue iridescence is found also Selaginella uncinata and both species are adapted for extreme shade below the forest canopy.
# Naduiyeh-ye Olya

Naduiyeh-ye Olya (Persian: ندوئيه عليا, also Romanized as Nadū’īyeh-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Nadū and Nadū’īyeh) is a village in Rezvan Rural District, Jebalbarez District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 41, in 6 families.
# Cheesman Dam

Cheesman Dam is a 211-foot-tall (64 m) masonry curved gravity dam on the South Platte River located in Colorado. It was the tallest of its type in the world when completed in 1905. The primary purpose of the dam is water supply and it was named for Colorado businessman, Walter Cheesman. In 1973 it was designated a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. Denver Water purchased the reservoir and related facilities in 1918.

## History

The location for the new dam was explored by chief engineer C.P. Allen on during a fishing trip on September 23, 1893. The first stage was to build a diversion tunnel in 1898, which after the completion of the dam would become the outlet. The plans called for an embankment dam faced with concrete and metal some 200 feet tall, which began to rise in 1899. This was not to be as after one year of work, on the morning of May 3, 1900, the river began to rise after a heavy rainstorm added to the already high spring river flow. The water filled the outlet pipe and then overtopped the diversion heading for the construction site. The company sent out men to warn those downstream that the still incomplete structure could not last for long. Residents of Littleton, Colorado were warned at 10:00 AM that the flood would arrive in three hours. The dam was overtopped and swept away leaving only a remnant of the masonry wall.
After this disaster the Denver Union Water Company planned a new structure in the same location. The new design would be a hybrid arch-gravity dam constructed of masonry. The blocks of granite for the dam were quarried from two locations near the site, one above and one below the location of the dam. They were transported by short rail lines and even by barge on the lake growing behind the new structure. Construction was renewed and lasted until 1905. At completion the dam was the tallest in the world, a title it would hold for seven years, until 1912. Water flowed over the new dam's spillway for the first time on May 9, 1905.
# Factionalism in the medieval Low Countries

Factionalism in the medieval Low Countries, in Dutch historiography known as partijstrijd or (partij)twisten, comprises several political, military and socio-economic conflicts in the Low Countries during the Middle Ages, especially the Late Middle Ages (circa 1300 to 1500). The so-called 'parties' (Dutch:partijen) usually behaved like factions, which were formed ad hoc, could rapidly change in composition, and usually did not have strong ideological underpinnings. They were not officially organised political parties as would emerge in the 19th century. The parties were normally led by an aristocratic clan (which usually gave the faction its name), followed by patrician families, and eventually several groups from the bourgeoisie, generally organised by guilds. These groups could often switch allegiances, names and goals, secede or defect, depending on how situations and interests evolved. Usually there were long-term tensions and only brief military confrontations, which either resulted in a new balance of power, or confirmed the status quo. The ruling dynasties or bishops could be dependent on the support from the strongest faction in order to govern, and in case of a war of succession, pretenders were compelled to ally themselves with one party or the other to stand a chance as seizing power. Foreign powers could interfere in factionalist struggles by providing financial or military support, and sometimes take over control of a province with the help of a local party.
Some well-known examples of factionalism in the medieval Low Countries were:
* Frisian lands (Friesland, the Ommelanden and Groningen): between Schieringers and Vetkopers, see Vetkopers and Schieringers (1325–1524)
* Duchy of Guelders: between Van Heeckeren and Van Bronckhorst (1348–1379)
* County of Holland: between the Hook league and the Cod league, see Hook and Cod wars (1350–1490)
* Prince-Bishopric of Liège: between Awans and Waroux, see Awans and Waroux War [nl; fr] (1296–1335)
* Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht: between Lichtenbergers and Lokhorsten (known as Gunterlingen until 1413), previously also Fresingen (13th–16th century), see for example the Utrecht Schism of the 15th century
* County of Flanders: between leliaards and liebaards/klauwaarts (13th–14th century), for example the Franco-Flemish War (1297–1305) and the 1323–1328 Flemish revolt
# GAAGO

GAAGO is an Irish IPTV service jointly owned and operated by RTÉ and the Gaelic Athletic Association. It is a subscription-based sports channel aimed at an international market and at the Irish diaspora around the world. It features over 100 live and on demand Gaelic games over the year, a library of award-winning GAA documentaries as well as an archive of classic games from yesteryear.

## History

As part of their broadcast rights deal, the GAA announced that it was to set up a new IPTV service for an international market. The service is owned by RTÉ and the GAA. It is run by RTÉ Digital.
In 2020 GAAGO launched a similar streaming services for Irish Soccer called Watch LOI as the service provider for the Football Association of Ireland.
After the GAA's broadcasting contract with Sky Sports expired in October 2022 and they did not seek contracts with producers on free-to-air channels such as Virgin Media Sport, it became the only place to watch certain games of the 2023 Munster Senior Hurling Championship. This was criticised by some including Tánaiste Micheál Martin.
After suspicion the service was operating beyond its clearance given by the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission in 2017, the commission opened an inquiry in May 2023 into the service's adherence to competition law. RTÉ told the Irish Examiner that they believed that "CCPC approval was not needed".
On 12 July 2023, senior GAA officials appeared before the Oireachtas Sport and Media Committee to defend the controversial GAAGO coverage of All-Ireland championships, saying broadcasting every championship match on TV was "not realistic" and not in the GAA's "interest".

## Programming
### GAA

* Allianz Leagues games
* GAA Championship Coverage

## Presenters, pundits and commentators

The 2023 championship season was presented by Gráinne McElwain, alongside pundits Michael Murphy, Marc Ó Sé, Paddy Andrews, Séamus Hickey, Tommy Walsh, John O'Dwyer, and Eoin Cadogan, while match commentary was provided by Dave McIntyre and Mike Finnerty.
# Shyamkur Union

Shyamkur Union (Bengali: শ্যামকুড় ইউনিয়ন) is a Union Parishad under Manirampur Upazila of Jessore District in the division of Khulna, Bangladesh. It has an area of 29 square kilometres and a population of 32,475.
# Üner Teoman

Üner Teoman (10 October 1932 – 7 October 2024) was a Turkish sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Teoman died in Istanbul on 7 October 2024, at the age of 91.
# Karistu

Karistu (Persian: كريستو, also Romanized as Karīstū) is a village in Sajjadrud Rural District, Bandpey-ye Sharqi District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 98, in 27 families.
# Vince Petrasso

Vince Petrasso (born April 11, 1987) is a former Canadian soccer player who played the USL Premier Development League, USL Second Division, and the Canadian Soccer League. Vince Petrasso also was part of Frosinone Calcio at the time Serie C making him youngest player only being 16 years old on the 1st team. He is currently the Director Woodbridge Soccer Club who is youngest Coach in Ontario to win back to back Ontario Cup Finals in 2014-15.

## Career
### College and amateur

Petrasso grew up in Woodbridge, Ontario, attended Father Bressani Catholic High School, and played college soccer at Campbell University. He was named to the A-Sun All-Freshman team in his first year at Campbell in 2006, and was an A-Sun Tournament MVP and a league all-tournament team selection as a sophomore in 2007.
During his college years Petrasso also played for the Toronto Lynx and the Cary Clarets in the USL Premier Development League.

### Professional

Petrasso turned professional in 2010 when he signed with the Harrisburg City Islanders of the USL Second Division.Prior to playing in USL Vince Petrasso was playing with Frosinone Calcio in Italy Serie C at 16 years old being youngest player on the squad. He made his professional debut on April 24, 2010, in a game against the Real Maryland Monarchs. At the conclusion of the season he briefly played with the York Region Shooters in the Canadian Soccer League.

### International

Petrasso was a member of the Canada men's national soccer team.
# Samuel Hoffenstein

Samuel "Sam" Hoffenstein (8 October 1890 – 6 October 1947) was a screenwriter and a musical composer. Born in Odessa (now Ukraine), he emigrated to the United States and began a career in New York City as a newspaper writer and in the entertainment business. In 1931 he moved to Los Angeles, where he lived for the rest of his life and wrote the scripts for over thirty movies. These movies included Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931), The Miracle Man (1932), Phantom of the Opera (1943), The Wizard of Oz (1939), Tales of Manhattan (1942), Flesh and Fantasy (1943), Laura (1944), and Ernst Lubitsch's Cluny Brown (1946).
In addition, Hoffenstein, along with Cole Porter and Kenneth Webb, helped compose the musical score for Gay Divorce (1933), the stage musical that became the film The Gay Divorcee (1934).
He died in Los Angeles, California. A book of his verse, Pencil in the Air, was published three days after his death to critical acclaim. Another book of his work was published in 1928, titled Poems in Praise of Practically Nothing. The book contained some of his work that had been formerly published in the New York World, the New York Tribune, Vanity Fair, the D. A. C. News, and Snappy Stories.

## Works

* Life Sings A Song, (1916)
* Poems In Praise Of Practically Nothing, (1928)
* Year In, You're Out, (1930)
* A Treasure Of Humorous Verse, (1946)
* Pencil In The Air, (1947)
* Complete Poetry, (1954)
Source:
# Tatiana Toro

Tatiana Toro (born 1964) is a Colombian-American mathematician at the University of Washington. Her research is "at the interface of geometric measure theory, harmonic analysis and partial differential equations". Toro was appointed director of the Simons Laufer Mathematical Sciences Institute for 2022–2027.

## Education and employment

Toro was born in 1964 in Colombia, and attended the Lycée Français Louis Pasteur in Bogotá. She competed for Colombia in the 1981 International Mathematical Olympiad, and earned a bachelor's degree from the National University of Colombia. In 1992, she was awarded her PhD at Stanford University, under the supervision of Leon Simon. After short-term positions at the Institute for Advanced Study, University of California, Berkeley, and University of Chicago, she joined the University of Washington faculty in 1996. Since August 2022, Toro serves as the director of Simons Laufer Mathematical Sciences Institute (formerly MSRI). She will maintain her tenure at the University of Washington throughout her term.

## Honors and awards

Toro was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2010. She became a Guggenheim Fellow in 2015. She was elected as a member of the 2017 class of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society "for contributions to geometric measure theory, potential theory, and free boundary theory". At the University of Washington, she was the Robert R. & Elaine F. Phelps Professor in Mathematics from 2012 to 2016 and is currently the Craig McKibben and Sarah Merner Professor. Toro was named MSRI Chancellor's Professor for 2016–17. She was awarded the 2020 Blackwell-Tapia Prize. She was elected fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) in 2020. Toro was awarded the ICMAM Prize 2022 of the research organization ICMAM Latin America. Toro was honored as the AWM/MAA Falconer Lecturer in 2023.
# Buncrana GAA

Buncrana GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Buncrana, County Donegal, Ireland. The club fields teams in both hurling and Gaelic football.

## History

In spite of a Gaelic games revival in the town of Buncrana in the 1940s, it would be over 40 years before Buncrana GAA Club had their first success at adult level when the Donegal JFC title was won after a 3–06 to 1–06 defeat of St Eunan's. The club secured senior status following Donegal IFC wins in 1995 and 2004. Buncrana won a second Donegal JFC title after a defeat of Letterkenny Gaels in 2019. A revival of hurling in the club resulted in the Donegal IHC being claimed for the first time after a defeat of Carndonagh in 2024.

## Honours

* Donegal Intermediate Hurling Championship (1): 2024
* Donegal Intermediate Football Championship (2): 1995, 2004
* Donegal Junior Football Championship (2): 1988, 2019

## Notable players

* Caolan McGonagle: Ulster SFC-winner (2018, 2019, 2024)
# 1991 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's 60 metres hurdles

The men's 60 metres hurdles event at the 1991 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held on 9 March.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Greg Foster United States | Igor Kazanov Soviet Union | Mark McKoy Canada |

## Results
### Heats

First 3 of each heat (Q) and next 4 fastest (q) qualified for the semifinals.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | Greg Foster | United States | 7.52 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Mark McKoy | Canada | 7.58 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Emilio Valle | Cuba | 7.58 | Q, NR |
| 4 | 4 | Jack Pierce | United States | 7.62 | Q |
| 5 | 4 | Philippe Tourret | France | 7.66 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | George Boroi | Romania | 7.68 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | Piotr Wójcik | Poland | 7.70 | Q, PB |
| 8 | 3 | Jiří Hudec | Czechoslovakia | 7.71 | q |
| 9 | 2 | Igor Kazanov | Soviet Union | 7.72 | Q |
| 9 | 4 | Nigel Walker | Great Britain | 7.72 | Q |
| 11 | 2 | Holger Pohland | Germany | 7.73 | Q |
| 12 | 1 | Sergey Usov | Soviet Union | 7.75 | Q |
| 12 | 3 | Dan Philibert | France | 7.75 | q |
| 14 | 4 | Herwig Röttl | Austria | 7.77 | q, =NR |
| 14 | 1 | Andrew Parker | Jamaica | 7.77 | Q |
| 16 | 1 | Thomas J. Kearns | Ireland | 7.78 | q, NR |
| 17 | 1 | Carlos Sala | Spain | 7.78 | |
| 18 | 2 | Laurent Ottoz | Italy | 7.81 | |
| 19 | 2 | Rafał Cieśla | Poland | 7.84 | |
| 20 | 4 | Stefan Mattern | Germany | 7.85 | |
| 21 | 2 | Kimihiro Kaneko | Japan | 7.89 | |
| 22 | 4 | Tim Kroeker | Canada | 7.93 | |
| 23 | 3 | Toshihiko Iwasaki | Japan | 7.94 | |
| 24 | 2 | Nur Herman Majid | Malaysia | 8.33 | NR |
| | 1 | Robert Změlík | Czechoslovakia | DNF | |

### Semifinals

First 4 of each semifinal (Q) qualified directly for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Greg Foster | United States | 7.44 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Mark McKoy | Canada | 7.49 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Igor Kazanov | Soviet Union | 7.56 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Philippe Tourret | France | 7.59 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | Emilio Valle | Cuba | 7.60 | Q |
| 6 | 1 | George Boroi | Romania | 7.60 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | Jack Pierce | United States | 7.61 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | Nigel Walker | Great Britain | 7.65 | |
| 9 | 1 | Sergey Usov | Soviet Union | 7.66 | Q |
| 10 | 2 | Jiří Hudec | Czechoslovakia | 7.67 | |
| 11 | 1 | Thomas J. Kearns | Ireland | 7.69 | NR |
| 12 | 1 | Piotr Wójcik | Poland | 7.73 | |
| 12 | 2 | Holger Pohland | Germany | 7.73 | |
| 14 | 2 | Herwig Röttl | Austria | 7.76 | NR |
| 15 | 1 | Dan Philibert | France | 7.77 | |
| 16 | 1 | Andrew Parker | Jamaica | 7.84 | |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 4 | Greg Foster | United States | 7.45 | F1 |
| | 6 | Igor Kazanov | Soviet Union | 7.47 | |
| | 5 | Mark McKoy | Canada | 7.49 | |
| 4 | 3 | Emilio Valle | Cuba | 7.60 | |
| 5 | 1 | Sergey Usov | Soviet Union | 7.66 | |
| 6 | 7 | Philippe Tourret | France | 7.66 | F1 |
| 7 | 2 | George Boroi | Romania | 7.67 | |
| 8 | 8 | Jack Pierce | United States | 7.68 | |
# Régiment du Saguenay

Le Régiment du Saguenay is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Forces based in Saguenay, Quebec. The regiment was founded in 1900 in Roberval, Quebec as the 18th Saguenay Battalion of Infantry.
# Waldemar Dutra

Waldemar Dutra (born 20 February 1983 in Canada) is a Canadian retired soccer player.

## Career

For 2003/04, Dutra signed for NK Osijek in Croatia. However, the club's head coach and president fought over his playing time and his only appearance came when the coach went behind the president's back to put him in the lineup.
In 2004, Dutra signed for Schweinfurt 05 in the German fourth division because he thought carving out a professional career in Canada and the United States was difficult.
# Kaba, Kyrgyzstan

Kaba (Kyrgyz: Каба) is a village in Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 2,484 in 2021. It is part of the Bazar-Korgon District. Although located in Kyrgyzstan, the settlement is also known as Uzbek-Gava. It has been a sticking point in negotiations with Uzbekistan. Since 2001, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan have intermittently convened a joint border delimitation commission. From 2002 and after, progress toward completion has been largely stalled by the most controversial points. The main disputed areas have been the enclaves of Barak and Sokh and the areas of Gava and Gavasay (stream).