OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Akram Ojjeh

Akram Ojjeh (Arabic: أَكْرَم عُجَّة, romanized: ʾAkram ʿUjjah; 21 April 1918 – 28 October 1991) was a Syrian businessman. Ojjeh was an intermediary in deals between Saudi Arabia and France, particularly arms sales. Ojjeh founded Techniques d'Avant Garde, an investment company focused on advanced technologies.

## Techniques d'Avant Garde, (TAG)

Ojjeh founded Techniques d'Avant Garde, an investment company focused on advanced technologies.
TAG Group (Holdings) S.A. generates revenue through its various subsidiaries that offer products and services in the business aviation, motorsports, hospitality, consumer products and real estate industries.
TAG was formed in 1977 and was led by Akram's son Mansour until his death in 2021.
In 1985, TAG Group (Holdings) S.A. purchased Swiss watchmaker Heuer. TAG Group combined the TAG and Heuer brands to create the TAG Heuer brand and also gave its newly acquired watchmaking subsidiary the combined TAG Heuer name. Under TAG Group's ownership, TAG Heuer modernised its product line and significantly increased worldwide sales. LVMH purchased the TAG Heuer subsidiary in 1999 for US$740 million.
TAG Group is now primarily a holding company for Ojjeh shareholdings in TAG Aviation and MTG.

## Al-Yamamah arms deal

Ojjeh was involved in the marketing of the French Mirage 2000 fighter jet to Saudi Arabia in competition with the British Tornado. Adnan Khashoggi said in 1994 that Ojjeh was persuaded by the British sales team to "drop his role as 'fixer' for the French." British Aerospace went on to win what became the Al-Yamamah arms deal.

## SS France liner

Akram Ojjeh purchased the ocean liner SS France in October 24, 1977, for 80 million francs. On June 25, 1979, he sold her to Knut Kloster, the owner of Norwegian Caribbean Line, for 77 million francs.

## Personal life

Ojjeh is of Damascene origin.
He married four times. He was first married to a French woman with whom he had five children, including Mansour and Aziz. He later married Nahed Tlass (born 1958), who is the daughter of former Syrian Defense Minister Mustafa Tlass.

## Awards

In the 1970s, the French awarded Ojjeh with one of their highest state orders, Commander of the Legion of Honor.
# Vaughan Williams and English folk music

The composer Ralph Vaughan Williams was one of the musicians who participated in the first English Folk Song revival, as well as using folk song tunes in his compositions. He collected his first song, Bushes and Briars, from Mr Charles Pottipher, a seventy-year-old labourer from Ingrave, Essex in 1903, and went on to collect over 800 songs, as well as some singing games and dance tunes. For 10 years he devoted up to 30 days a year to collecting folk songs from singers in 21 English counties, though Essex, Norfolk, Herefordshire and Sussex account for over two thirds of the songs in his collection. He recorded a small number of songs using a phonograph but the vast majority were recorded by hand. He was a regular contributor to the Folk Song Society's Journal, a member of the society's committee from 1904 to 1946, and when in that year the society amalgamated with the English Folk Dance Society he became president of the English Folk Dance and Song Society, a position he held until his death.
Vol. 2 no 8 of the Journal of the Folk Song Society was dedicated to 61 songs collected by Vaughan Williams from singers in Essex, Norfolk, Sussex, Wiltshire, Yorkshire, Kent and London. Book 2 of Cecil Sharp's series "Folk Songs of England", titled "Folk-songs from the eastern counties" published in 1908, consisted of 15 songs from Vaughan Williams's collection, from Essex, Norfolk and Cambridgeshire. Eight Traditional English Carols was published in 1919, and Twelve Traditional Carols From Herefordshire, written with song collector Ella Mary Leather in 1928. "The Penguin Book Of English Folk Songs" edited by Vaughan Williams and A L Lloyd was published in 1959 and "A Yacre Of Land: Sixteen Folk-songs From The Manuscript Collection Of Ralph Vaughan Williams" by Imogen Holst and Ursula Vaughan Williams was published in 1961. A large part of his collection has never been published. In his final decade, Vaughan Williams revisited the folk-song with two large-scale choral anthologies: the 1949 Folk Songs of the Four Seasons, and The First Nowell in 1958.
Roy Palmer commented: "On the whole, Vaughan Williams was more interested in the song than the singer, in the melody than the message." He often failed to record the texts of songs, and when he did write down texts often recorded only the first verse. The text of one song, The Long Whip, seems to have been lost completely as a result. Vaughan Williams knew that the texts of many of the songs he was preserving had been printed as broadsides and he sometimes used broadside texts to fill out his songs for publication. He did not bowdlerise the material he collected for publication, as some other collectors did, but was as much as they were forced to recognise the constraints of the time when it came to publishing "unsuitable" material. Sometimes too he failed to note singers' names or occupations.
# HMS Artful (S121)

HMS Artful is the third Astute-class nuclear-powered fleet submarine of the British Royal Navy. She is the second submarine of the Royal Navy to bear this name. Artful was ordered from GEC's Marconi Marine (now BAE Systems Submarine Solutions) on 17 March 1997, and was constructed at Barrow in Furness. She was named on 20 September 2013, was rolled out of the shipyard construction hall on 16 May 2014, and was due to start sea trials in early 2015. Artful made her first successful basin dive in October 2014, and sailed on 13 August 2015 for sea trials. Artful was handed over the Royal Navy on 14 December 2015, and commissioned on 18 March 2016.

## Design
### Propulsion

Artful's nuclear reactor will not need to be refuelled during the boat's 25-year service. Since the submarine can purify water and air, she will be able to circumnavigate the planet without resurfacing. The main limit is that the submarine will only be able to carry three months' supply of food for 98 officers and ratings.

### Armament

Artful has provision for up-to 38 weapons in six 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes. The submarine is capable of using Tomahawk Block IV land-attack missiles with a range of 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometres) and Spearfish heavyweight torpedoes.

### Common Combat System

Artful is the first Astute-class submarine to utilise the Common Combat System, which will be fitted on every Astute, Vanguard and Dreadnought-class submarine. The Common Combat System was originally meant to be first tested on the fourth Astute boat, Audacious, but the system was completed ahead of time.

## Operational history

In May 2021, Artful joined UK Carrier Strike Group 21 on its seven-and-a-half month-long maiden operational deployment to the Far East.
As of mid-2024, Artful had been in a period of prolonged inactivity, having last been to sea in early 2023.
# Road Control

Road Control (Ukrainian: Дорожній Контроль, ДК, romanized: Dorozhniy Kontrol, DK, Russian: Дорожный Контроль, ДК, romanized: Dorozhnyy Kontrol', DK) is a non-governmental organization in Ukraine advocating for road safety, transparency of road police, and human rights. Road Control was founded in Kyiv (Ukraine) in 2008 as a reflection of the increasing level of irresponsibility among many road police officers in Ukraine. The main goal of Road Control is to eliminate the corruption, criminal and other types of Ukrainian road police (Ukrainian: ДАІ [DAI], Russian: ГАИ [GAI]) misconduct activities against car-drivers and pedestrians in Ukraine.

## Activity

To achieve their aims, Road Control activists make video documentation of DAI’s offence activity, uploaded the video to the YouTube making it available to the public. Moreover, such video is subsequently used as a significant evidence to initiate administrative or criminal trials. On the other hand, such video along with comments from the Road Control activists is used as an educational source for drivers against the DAI lawlessness.
A newspaper (sharing the same name as the organization) was founded and is published by Road Control.

## Criminals vs. Road Control members

Due to their activity, vehicles of Road Control activists were targets for arson. In March 2012 a chairperson of Road Control, Rostislav Shaposhnikov was kidnapped and heavily beaten in the forest near Kyiv City by unknown people, who were acting by DAI orders as he suspected. All these cases were reported to police, but the criminals were never identified. To support Rostislav and to protest against police inactivity, a demonstration took place at the Ministry of Internal affairs of Ukraine.

## Involvement in Euromaidan

In late 2013, activists from Road Control became active participants of Euromaidan, and relations with law enforcement agencies, which served the Yanukovych government, became extremely tense, with reports of threats being sent to Road Control.
On 11 December 2013, the head of "Road Control" Rostyslav Shaposhnikov, due to the threat of arrest and danger to his life, left for Poland. They arrested Andrii Dzindzu and Viktor Smaliy, they said I would be the third. In an interview with Ukrainian media, Shaposhnikov stated: “They didn't have time to arrest me because I left.” Shaposhnikov also stated that he did not intend to return to Ukraine while the Yanukovych government remained in power, due to the threats on his life made.
On 21 December 2013, unknown attackers, believed to be from the Yanukovych government, shot Volodymyr Maralov, a "Road Control" activist, and burned his car. They had PM combat pistols and were professionally trained.
# Gaston Cabannes

Gaston Marie Léon Cabannes (12 August 1882 – 9 November 1950) was a French politician.
Gaston Cabannes was born in Agen. His parents worked in the garment industry and he himself worked as a tailor in Bordeaux. An active trade unionist and a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) (French socialist party), Cabannes first stood for election in 1924 on the list of the Cartel des Gauches but was unsuccessful. He was elected to the French Chamber of Deputies representing Bordeaux in the general election of 1932 and was re-elected in 1936. In 1935 he was elected mayor of Floirac.
In July 1940 during the Second World War he was one of the 80 members of the French parliament who voted against granting extraordinary powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain. As a consequence the Vichy régime dismissed him as mayor of Floirac.
He served as a member of the Haute Cour de justice, a special criminal court which is formed by the Court of Cassation to try cases of high treason, during the épuration légale which followed the end of the war.
He died in Bordeaux in 1950 aged 68.
# Compsibidion maronicum

Compsibidion maronicum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1867.
# Cymindis anchomenoides

Cymindis anchomenoides is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Thomas Vernon Wollaston in 1867.
# Rainier National Forest

Rainier National Forest (/reɪˈnɪər/ ray-NEER) was established in Washington on March 2, 1907, when its name was changed from Mount Rainier Forest Reserve. The Mount Rainier Forest Reserve was established by the United States General Land Office on February 22, 1897 (effective March 1, 1898) from the Pacific Forest Reserve and other lands with 2,234,880 acres (9,044.2 km$^2$). In 1905 federal forests were transferred to the U.S. Forest Service. On October 13, 1933, Rainier was divided between Columbia, Snoqualmie and Wenatchee National Forests. Its lands exists presently as portions of Mount Baker-Snoqualmie, Wenatchee and Gifford Pinchot National Forests.
# Methanothermobacter marburgensis

Methanothermobacter marburgensis is a thermophilic and obligately autotrophic methanogenic archaeon. The type strain Marburg$^T$ was isolated from sewage sludge in the vicinity of the city Marburg, Germany. It was also detected in hot springs. It grows in the temperature between 45 and 70 °C with optimum at 65 °C thus it is classified as thermophile. Cells are rods with length 3–3.5 μm and 0.3–0.4 μm wide, Gram-positive and non-motile. Its genome has been sequenced.
They reduce carbon dioxide with hydrogen into methane as the only pathway for ATP production. It does not require any organic supplements and it grows on mineral media with CO$_2$ as a carbon source, H$_2$ as a source of electrons, NH$_3$ as a nitrogen source, and sulfide as a sulfur source (obligate autotroph). The metabolism of Methanothermobacter marburgensis strain Marburg has been reconstructed in the form of an experimentally validated computer model.
# Phlebodes

Phlebodes is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae, subfamily Hesperiinae.

## Species

Recognised species in the genus Phlebodes include:
* Phlebodes campo (Bell, 1947)
* Phlebodes fuldai (Bell, 1930)
* Phlebodes pertinax (Stoll, 1781)
* Phlebodes sameda (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)

### Former species

* Phlebodes chittara Schaus, 1902 - transferred to Chitta chittara (Schaus, 1902)
* Phlebodes pares Bell, 1959 - transferred to Pares pares (Bell, 1959)
* Phlebodes simplex Bell, 1930 - transferred to Tigasis simplex (Bell, 1930)
* Phlebodes storax Mabille, 1891 - transferred to Parphorus storax (Mabille, 1891)
# Yoncalı, Kızıltepe

Yoncalı (Kurdish: Dukuk) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Xalecan tribe and had a population of 77 in 2021.
# Kechi Beg railway station

Kechi Beg railway station (Urdu: کچی بیگ ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in the Quetta District of Pakistan.
# Djupadals House

Djupadal Manor (Swedish: Djupadals herrgård) is a manor house located in Ronneby Municipality in Blekinge, Sweden. It is probably built in the early 17th century. From 1838, Djupadal belonged to Casper Wrede af Elimä (1808-1877). From the early 1900s, the Petri family became part owners.
# Neapolis (Caria)

Neapolis (Ancient Greek: Νεάπολις) or Caryanda Neapolis (Karyanda Neapolis) (Ancient Greek: Καρυάνδα Νεάπολις) was a coastal town of ancient Caria. It was located near ancient Myndus and modern Göl. Neapolis was successor of Caryanda, when it was moved early in the 3d century.
# Taviran-e Sofla

Taviran-e Sofla (Persian: طاويران سفلي, also Romanized as Ţāvīrān-e Soflá; also known as Ţāvīrān-e Vostá) is a village in Sar Firuzabad Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 100, in 25 families.
# Dand Aw Patan District

Dand Aw Patan District (Pashto: ډنډ او پټان ولسوالۍ ḍanḍ aw paṭān wuləswāləi; Persian: ولسوالی دند و پتان) is located in the northeastern section of Paktia Province in Afghanistan. It has a population of around 30,551 local residents. The district is within the heartland of the Zazi tribe of Pashtuns.
Dand Aw Patan, which translates to Dand and Patan, is connected by road to Khost in the south and Gardez in the west. The district lies next to the Durand Line (Afghanistan-Pakistan border). To its north is Zazi District, to the east is Kurram District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan, to the south is Janikhel District and to the west Tsamkani District. The border town known as Dand Aw Patan has an official border crossing with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan.

## Economy

Most residents of the district are involved in agriculture and trade. The major river in the district is the Kurram River, which flows water into Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and finally joins the Indus River.

## Major security incidents

On May 29, 2020, the Taliban insurgents stormed a check posts of the former Afghan Border Police (ABP). It was reported that 14 ABP personnel were killed in the attack and three others were injured. Two Taliban insurgents were also killed during the attack. The attack came soon after the end of the three-day Eid ceasefire announced by the Taliban, which lasted from 24 to 26 May 2020.
On March 4, 2022, at least two people were killed and 15 injured in an explosion that happened inside a mosque in Dand Aw Patan. Another more deadlier mosque attack happened on the same day in Peshawar, Pakistan.
# Deh Chal Deli Rich-e Olya

Deh Chal Deli Rich-e Olya (Persian: ده چل دلي ريچ عليا, also Romanized as Deh Chal Delī Rīch-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Margown Rural District, Margown District, Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 17 families.
# Lionheart: Tussle with the Beast

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| BBC Music | favorable link |
| musicOMH | link |
| UK Hip Hop | (6/10) link |
| RapReviews | (7/10) link |
| Stylus | (B+) link |
| P.I.F.R. | |
Lionheart: Tussle with the Beast is the second studio album by the English rapper Klashnekoff, released in 2007 on Riddim Killa Records. It was produced by Joe Buddha. It charted at No. 105 on the UK Albums Chart.
On his next studio album Back to the Sagas, Klashnekoff dismissed Lionheart as a purely financially motivated project and described his difficult relationship with Buddha, "To keep it real, I was never feeling that album from day one. 'Cause that weren't my ting...just something me and Buhdha should have got paid for. But it took over a year and a half so between me and Buddha it caused complications. Six months past there was no conversation, just pure back and forth hating. Then a phone call got made and it was all ended in one conversation."

## Track listing

| # | Title | Featured guest(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| 1 | "Intro" | | | 1:45 |
| 2 | "Revolution (Will Not Be Televised on Channel U)" | | Joe Buhdha | 4:06 |
| 3 | "My Rights Like My Life (Skit)" | | | 0:17 |
| 4 | "My Life" | | Joe Buhdha | 3:41 |
| 5 | "Terrorise The City" | Kool G Rap & Kyza | Joe Buhdha | 4:05 |
| 6 | "Refuse To Die" | | Joe Buhdha | 3:46 |
| 7 | "Question" | | Joe Buhdha | 3:15 |
| 8 | "Sayonara" | Skriblah & Kyza | Joe Buhdha | 4:23 |
| 9 | "Music Is His...(Skit)" | | | 0:42 |
| 10 | "Bit By Bit" | | Joe Buhdha | 3:32 |
| 11 | "Rest Of Our Lives (Black Rose 2)" | Honey Williams | Joe Buhdha | 4:26 |
| 12 | "Lord Help Me (Skit)" | | | 0:26 |
| 13 | "Can't You See?" | Honey Williams | Joe Buhdha | 4:06 |
| 14 | "Two Guns Blazing" | 45 | Joe Buhdha | 4:00 |
| 15 | "Bun Dem" | Capleton | Joe Buhdha | 4:13 |
| 16 | "Make P's" | Skriblah & Honey Williams | Joe Buhdha | 3:36 |
| 17 | "Outro" | | | 0:54 |
# Shishijimicin A

Shishijimicin A is an enediyne antitumor antibiotic isolated from Didemnum proliferum. Isolated in 2003 it is part of the family of 10 member ringed enediyne antitumor antibiotic agents, which includes: namenamicin, esperamicin and, calicheamicin. Due to its high potency from cytotoxicity, Shishjimicin A is currently undergoing testing as a possible Antibody-antibiotic Conjugate (ADCs) cancer treatment. Laboratory tests indicate it to be “more than 1,000 times as toxic to cancer cells as the anticancer drug taxol”, also known as Paclitaxel, a prevalent chemotherapy medication. As such, theoretically, only an administration of a minuscule dose of the molecule would be necessary per each treatment. As shishjimicin A supply is scarce and the full extent of its side effects is not yet established, there is still a need for further biological and clinical studies.

## Total synthesis

The total synthesis of shishjimicin A was published by scientists at Rice University in 2015, led by K. C. Nicolaou. Using methodology from the previous isolation of calicheamicin, 21 total steps were conducted for the synthesis, briefly outlined below:
* Shishijimicin A undergoes deprotection
* Trisulfide formation with glycosidation
* Carboline disaccharide coupling
The total synthesis includes:
* Ketalization of tetronic acid
* Reduction with ethylene glycol and diisobutylaluminium hydride
* Asymmetric addition of anion with selective protection
* Aldehyde oxidation via Swern oxidation and oxime formation
* Intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition
* Selective control of diastereoisomer formation
* Removal of protection and completed oxidation
* Coupling with lithium (3Z)-3-hexene-1,5-diyne triisopropylsilyl chloride with Knochel's salt (LaCl3·2LiCl)
* Acetylation
* Deprotection
* Oxidation
The goal of the synthesis is to create two complex intermediate compounds, trichloroacetimidate and hydroxy enediyne. These will be coupled to produce shishjiimicin A. Though this organic synthesis is challenging, its mapping allows for future contribution to research efforts. Further improvements of the coupling reaction are currently being studied. Practicality and synthesis variations of the complex molecule are essential to working alongside pharmaceutical companies to develop clinical trials and treatment options.

## DNA-cleaving mechanism

Shishijimicin A binds to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA (DsDNA) where its β-carboline moiety intercalates into the DNA. The unbound linker regions of DNA in the process of interphase and metaphase are open to binding by binders such as shishijimicin A. These regions lack protective histone proteins throughout the eukaryotic cell cycle. This dsDNA cleavage and low selection probability for sequences by shishijimicin A may attribute to its cytotoxic properties.
Shishijimicin A exhibits cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells, with IC$_{50}$ values between 1.8 and 6.9 pM.
# Prakash Kumar Singh

Prakash Kumar Singh, is the Chairman of Steel Authority of India Limited, SAIL, one of the largest state-owned steel making company based in India and one of the major steel makers in world.

## Career

P K Singh obtained his degree in Metallurgy from Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. Singh joined SAIL, Bokaro Steel Plant in 1980.
Regarded as an expert in blast furnace technology and operations, Singh has contributed many technical papers on emerging technologies and challenges in steel industry. .work at bokaro steel plant as general manager blast furnace( operation).
Singh was Executive Director (Works) at Bhilai Steel Plant and prior to that he was Executive Director (Works) at IISCO Steel Plant. Before taking charge as Chairman, SAIL in December 2015, Singh was the Chief Executive Officer of SAIL’s Durgapur Steel Plant and in July, 2015, he was also given the additional charge of CEO, IISCO Steel Plant.

## Awards and recognition

He has been conferred with various awards viz. ‘Jawahar’ award for outstanding performance at ISP, Burnpur. ‘Industry Leader’ award conferred by Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, ‘Industry Leadership’ award conferred by the Institution of Engineers, Durgapur, ‘Best CEO’ award for the Eastern region conferred by the Quality Circle Forum of India, Durgapur Chapter.
# Antimonide mineral

An antimonide mineral is a mineral that contains antimonide for its main anion. The antimonides are structurally similar to the sulfides and are grouped with them in both the Dana and Strunz mineral classification systems.
Examples include:
* Breithauptite
* Cuprostibite
* Stibiopalladinite