OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oil painting reproduction

Oil painting reproductions are paintings that have been created by copying in oils an original oil painting by an artist.
Oil painting reproductions are distinct from original oil painting such as are often of interest to collectors and museums. Oil painting reproduction can, however, sometimes be regarded as artworks in themselves.

## Types

Oil painting reproductions can be labeled with several different categories, including:
* Studio of: created in the studio of a master artist, perhaps with their supervision or participation.
* Circle of: a work created by someone associated with the original artist, during or in the years immediately following the artist’s own lifetime.
* After: an exact or partial imitation of a known work by a famous artist.
* Style of: an interpretation of the artist’s style done by someone else at a later date.

## History

The traces of oil painting reproduction can be found starting in the 16th century. Traditionally, students of the Old Masters learned how to paint by working in the style of their teachers.
This process of mimicking their master’s work would enable a student to practice a skilled mode of painting before developing their own approach. Many famous artists employed this practice, including John Singer Sargent, Edgar Degas, and Pablo Picasso.
Perhaps the most well known of all students who learned by reproduction was Leonardo da Vinci. Beginning as an apprentice under the master sculptor and painter Andrea Del Verrocchio, Leonardo would have learned to paint in the style of the master himself. It is said that after Leonardo brilliantly aided Verrocchio in the painting of The Baptism of Christ, the master resolved to never touch a brush again

## Forms

* Oil on canvas
* Oil on panel
* Oil on copper

## Copyright issues

There are several issues related to art forgery and copyright violation that apply to the reproduction of oil paintings.
Copyright laws vary from country to country.
In the U.S., there is no copyright infringement that applies to a painting 70 years after the death of its artist.
# Akita ranga

Akita ranga (秋田蘭画), also known as the Akita-ha (秋田派), was a short-lived school of painting within the larger Japanese genre of ranga, or Dutch-style painting which lasted roughly from 1773 to 1780. Based in Kubota Domain, a feudal domain, in the Tōhoku region of Honshū, northern Japan, in what is now Akita Prefecture, it was headed by the domain's lord Satake Shozan and his retainer Odano Naotake. Though many ranga artists, most prominently Shiba Kōkan, produced works on European themes, the Akita painters for the most part painted traditional Japanese themes and compositions using Western-style techniques and an approximation of oil paints.
Some of the chief features that distinguish Akita ranga from traditional Japanese painting (nihonga) are the inclusion of shadows, the use of perspective, reflections in water, and the use of blue for sky and sea. In addition, ranga artists left little or no blank space on a work, emulating Western art traditions and going against East Asian ones, and used oils and resins in addition to Japanese pigments to simulate the appearance of oil paint. Many of their works feature a large foreground subject which displays techniques in light and shadow, with a small, distant, landscape, displaying an understanding of perspective projection techniques.

## History

The school got its start when rangaku (Dutch studies) scholar Hiraga Gennai was invited to help advise the domain on the management of its copper mines. The area was a primary provider of copper to the archipelago in this period, much of which was also exported via Dutch traders based at Nagasaki. Though Gennai is known primarily as a physician, botanist and inventor, he was a ranga painter as well, and mentored Shozan in Western artistic techniques.
Odano Naotake, one of Shozan's chief retainers, was then sent to Edo to live and study with Gennai for five years, and it is believed that he likely came into contact with a number of other artists and rangaku scholars during this time. Returning to Akita, he composed, along with Shozan, three treatises on Western style painting. These were among the first of their kind to be produced in Japan.
The school worked primarily from sketchbooks and from life studies of plants, birds, and insects. Since its members were all fairly wealthy, and of the samurai class, they had little need to sell their works, but their influence was felt by some commercial artists, including Shiba Kōkan.
Hiraga Gennai was arrested and imprisoned in 1779 for killing one of his disciples in anger and frustration; he died himself soon afterwards. Odano Naotake, being closely associated with Gennai, was dismissed from his official position in Edo. The movement came to an end shortly after the death of Satake Shozan in 1780 and Odano Naotake in 1785.

## Main artists

* Satake Shozan
* Odano Naotake
* Satake Yoshimi
# Francisco Santos

Francisco Santos may refer to:
* Francisco Dos Santos (born 1974), Brazilian footballer
* Francisco Santos (swimmer, born 1962), Angolan/Portuguese swimmer, artist and writer, also known as Xesko
* Francisco Santos (swimmer, born 1998), Portuguese swimmer
* Francisco Santos (baseball) (born 1974), former Major League Baseball outfielder
* Francisco Santos (footballer) (born 1904), Portuguese footballer
* Francisco Santos Calderón (born 1961), Colombian politician and journalist
* Francisco Santos Leal (born 1968), Spanish mathematician
* Francisco Cabrera Santos (1946–2010), mayor of Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela
* Francisco Santos, Piauí, a municipality in the state of Piauí, Brazil
* Francisco O. Santos, Filipino nutritionist and biochemist
# Wadih

Wadih may refer to:
# Jebus

Jebus may refer to:
* Jeebus, the mispronunciation of 'Jesus' from the 2000 Simpsons episode "Missionary: Impossible"
* Jebus, the pointed bow leader of the Tom Pudding tub boats
* Jebusite, a Canaanite tribe that inhabited Jerusalem prior to the conquest initiated by Joshua
* Jerusalem (historically Jebus), a city in the Middle East
# Ottonville

Ottonville (French pronunciation:; German: Ottendorf) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Institut Choiseul for International Politics and Geoeconomics

Headquartered in the heart of Paris, France, Institut Choiseul for International Politics and Geoeconomics is an independent research center that analyzes international relations, economic and political strategies as well as international cultures.

## Theoretical background

The French think tank contributes to the massive body of international relations studies by examining the new balance of global power prevalent in the post–Cold War era from a geoeconomics perspective: a perspective which complements the traditional vision of the international order as primarily geopolitical. In this respect, the institute conforms to the thought of French philosopher, sociologist and political scientist Raymond Aron.

## Contribution to international relations

In 1997, then named the "European Institute of Geoeconomics", the Institute created an academic journal of the same name, entitled Geoeconomics (in French, Géoéconomie), that broadened the field of international relations in adding to the discourse a consideration for economics as a powerful force involved in shaping inter-state and political interactions. The research and activities of the institute equally seek to link the theoretical world with current events, and also seek to provide a European vision into the major geopolitical and economic issues. Pascal Lorot has been president of Institut Choiseul since 2003.

## Notable Laureates

Notable Laureates include:
Politicians:
* Emmanuel Macron, President of France
* Clément Beaune, Secretary of State for European Affairs
* Agnès Pannier-Runacher, Minister Delegate for Industry
Athletes:
* Tony Estanguet, triple Olympic champion in C1 slalom
* Tony Parker, basketball player
Entrepreneurs:
* Frédéric Mazella, founder of Blablacar
* Alexandre Prot, founder of Qonto
* Pierre-Yves Frouin, founder of BioSerenity
* Jean-Charles Samuelian-Werve, founder of Alan
* Sébastien Aubert, co-founder of Adastra Films
* Antoine Hubert, co-founder of Ÿnsect
* Gary Anssens, founder of Alltricks
Heirs:
* Yannick Bolloré
* Bris Rocher

## Publications

Institut Choiseul currently publishes five other academic journals, in addition to Géoéconomie:
* Maghreb-Machrek (Northern Africa and the Arab world)
* Problèmes d'Amérique latine (Problems of Latin America)
* Monde chinois (Sinophone world)
* Politique américaine (American politics)
* Nordiques (Nordic countries)
# Tonshalovo

Tonshalovo (Russian: Тоншалово) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Tonshalovskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 4,102 as of 2002. There are 11 streets.

## Geography

Tonshalovo is located 9 km northeast of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gorka is the nearest rural locality.
# Michael Mottl

Michael Mottl (born 26 February 1968) is a sailor from Australia. who represented his country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain as crew member in the Soling. With helmsman William Hodder and fellow crew member Tim Dorning they took the 11th place.
# El Producto (Walt Mink album)

El Producto is the third album by the American alternative rock band Walt Mink, released in 1996. On release, it received a 10/10 rating from Pitchfork Media.
The band promoted the album by touring with Fig Dish.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork Media | 10.0/10 |
Trouser Press wrote: "Still one of the most imaginative extreme-guitar activists in pop, Kimbrough has likewise expanded his vocal repertoire, adding Beatlesque stylings and a middle register to tether the higher reaches of his eccentric stop-start-hold-rush phrasing." Spin determined that the album's "melodic guitar swirls, sharp syncopation, and helium-sucking vocals keep you guessing what's next." The Indianapolis Star concluded: "Switching fluidly between gentle and roaring tempos—sometimes in the same song—this trio reaches levels of melody-writing, energy and performance that are consistently, remarkably high."

## Track listing

All songs written by John Kimbrough.
* "Stood Up" – 3:31
* "Everything Worthwhile" – 2:42
* "Betty" – 3:01
* "Overgrown" – 3:23
* "Settled" – 3:11
* "Me & My Dog" – 3:11
* "Little Sister" – 2:59
* "Up & Out" – 2:59
* "#246" – 3:20
* "Listen Up" – 2:27
* "Sunshine M." – 3:57
* "Love in the Dakota" – 3:58

## Personnel

* John Kimbrough – guitar, vocals
* Candice Belanoff – bass guitar, backing vocals
* Orestes Morfin – drums, percussion, backing vocals
* John Agnello – producer, engineer, mix
* Keith Cleversley – mix
* Wayne Dorell – assistant engineer
* Juan Garcia – assistant engineer
* Sue Kapa – assistant engineer
* Greg Calbi – mastering
* Ken Schles – photography
# Ernst Wilhelm Martius

Ernst Wilhelm Martius (10 September 1756 – 12 December 1849) was a German apothecary and an honorary professor of pharmacy at Erlangen University. He co-founded a botanical society in Regensburg.
Martius was born in Weißenstadt, Upper Franconia to Johanna and Philipp Conrad Samuel Martius, a deacon. He went to school in Kulmbach. He trained as a pharmacist from 1772 at Erlangen and apprenticed in Coburg and Kaufbeuren becoming a pharmacist in Regensburg in 1779. He was a co-founder of the Regensburger Botanische Gesellschaft. He later moved to Dillenburg, Strasbourg, Mains and finally settled in Erlangen from 1791. He also became a court and university pharmacist, lecturing from 1818 to 1824. To support his teaching, he collected medicinal plants and materials across the world and began to set up a collection which is now called the Martius Pharmacognostic Collection (consisting of nearly 2400 items collected by him and his two sons). This developed into the department of pharmaceutical sciences at University of Erlangen in Germany. His students included Theodor Friedrich Ludwig Nees von Esenbeck (1787-1837).
He was married to Regina and their sons Theodor Wilhelm Christian Martius (1796–1863) and Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius became an apothecary and botanist respectively.

## Publications

Martius was the author of several books. These included two where illustrations were made using impressions of the plant material (nature printing), rather than drawings or engravings. He developed a method that ensured an even layer of ink over the plant material supported on a copper plate and thus higher-quality images.$^{:52}$ Titles were:
* Icones Planatarum Originales (Original Images of Plants) (1780)
* Neueste Anweisung, Pflanzen nach dem Leben abzudrucken (New Instructions on Taking Prints from Fresh Plants) (1784)
In 1847 he wrote an autobiographical memoir.
# Richard Walpole (skier)

Richard Walpole (born 10 December 1927) is an Australian former cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 15 kilometre event at the 1960 Winter Olympics.
# Robert Ball (bowls)

Robert Ball (born July 17, 1956) is a former Australian international lawn bowler.
He won a silver medal in the fours with Ian Taylor, Stephen Anderson and Steve Srhoy at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria.
# Nazko Lake Provincial Park

Nazko Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is located at Nazko Lake on the Nazko River.
# Russell Butler

Russell Butler (born 6 March 1968) is an Australian former diver, born in Melbourne, who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics and in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Bujaci

Bujaci (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Бујаци) is a small village in the municipality of Pljevlja, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2003 census, the village had a population of 30 people.
According to the 2011 census, its population was 44.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Montenegrins | 24 | 54.4% |
| Serbs | 20 | 45.5% |
| Total | 44 | 100% |
# Without a Net (film)

Without a Net is a 2012 American documentary film directed by Kelly J Richardson.

## Synopsis

In an abandoned parking lot in a Rio de Janeiro favela sits a circus tent—an incongruous sight, but no more unusual than its motley crew of young performers, searching for a life apart from the drug-related violence around them. As chronicled by first-time feature filmmaker Kelly J Richardson, putting on a show takes rigor and resourcefulness in their impoverished community, and even this modest production of acrobats and contortionists isn't free of injuries and ego clashes. But the big top is their oasis, and the human drama of hope and ambition the greatest show on earth.

## Reception

The film had a theatrical release and Academy Qualifying run in Los Angeles and New York City through International Documentary Association (IDA)'s DocuWeeks, was voted a "Festival Favorite" at the Atlanta Film Festival, and screened in the Mill Valley Film Festival, Raindance Film Festival in London, Hot Springs Documentary Film Festival, San Francisco Documentary Film Festival, Red Rock Film Festival, and others.
# Jabbarand

Jabbarand (Persian: جبرند; also known as Jabbārān) is a village in Melkari Rural District, Vazineh District, Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 271, in 43 families.
# Roads in February

Roads in February (French: Les routes en février) is a 2018 Canadian drama film directed by Katherine Jerkovic. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival, where it won the award for Best Canadian First Feature Film. The film centres on Sara (Arlen Aguayo-Stewart), a young Hispanic Canadian woman visiting her grandmother in Uruguay.

## Cast

* Arlen Aguayo-Stewart as Sara
* Gloria Demassi as Magda
* Mathias Perdigón as Tincho

## Critical response

In December 2018, the Toronto International Film Festival named the film to its annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list. The Vancouver Film Critics Circle awarded Aguayo-Stewart as Best Actress in a Canadian Film and Jerkovic received the One to Watch Award.
Critical response to the film was positive. The Hollywood Reporter's Boyd Van Hoeij called it "a promising debut feature". And Norman Wilner from Now Toronto called Jerkovic "a gifted, intuitive storyteller who doesn't need to oversell her story's emotional undercurrents; she trusts her audience to understand what's going on simply by paying attention to her actors' faces". It scores 86% on Rotten Tomatoes.
# Pilot Bay Provincial Park

Pilot Bay Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.
The park is located on Kootenay Lake. The bay at the park is good for swimming and fishing. In the park there are many hiking tracks around and the Pilot Bay Lighthouse is nearby. The park is accessible by road. The area is 374 hectares. Drinking water is not available inside the park.
# Jean Haust

Jean Haust (Verviers, 10 February 1868– Liège, 23 November 1946) was a Belgian academic, linguist and philologist. He was a professor at the University of Liège en became known for his publication of several dictionaries containing the Walloon dialect of Liège.

## Honours

* 1932: Commander in the Order of Leopold.

## Works

* Étymologies wallonnes et françaises (Liège and Paris, H. Vaillant-Carmanne and Édouard Champion, 1923)
# Faculty of Arts and Design

The Faculty of Arts and Design (Spanish: Facultad de Artes y Diseño ; formerly known as the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas or ENAP), is a college of art in Xochimilco, Mexico City. The school is part the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and is responsible for teaching painting, sculpture and graphic design, with undergraduate and graduate studies in San Carlos. In 2007 and 2008, the Council of Designers of Mexico recognised the faculty as the best art school in Mexico.

## History

The Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas was spun off from the Academy of San Carlos.
The graduate program is held in San Carlos and is regarded as a research institute.

## Notable alumni

* Celia Calderón (1921–1969), printmaker and painter, attended in the 1940s
* Pedro Cervantes (born 1933), sculptor
* Mónica Mayer (born 1954)
* Gabriel Orozco (born 1962), attended 1981 to 1984.
* Melchor Peredo (born 1927)
* Puri Yáñez (born 1936), attended ENAP from 1956 to 1958.
# Jesus I Was Evil

Jesus I Was Evil is an EP by New Zealand musician Darcy Clay. It was released on Antenna Records in 1997. All songs except for "In The Middle" were recorded on a 4-Track. "Jolene" is a cover of the Dolly Parton song. The title track became Bfm's number one most played song.

## Track listing

* "Jesus I Was Evil"
* "What About It"
* "Jolene"
* "All I Gotta Do"
* "And It Was Easy"
* "In The Middle"

## Personnel

* All songs executed by Darcy Clay
* All songs written by Clay-Bolton except Jolene by Dolly Parton
* Mixed & Engineered by Darcy Clay & Cameron Fisher
* Mastered by Chris Sinclair
# József Sadler

József Sadler (May 6, 1791 – March 12, 1849) was a Hungarian physician and botanist. He studied the plants of the Budapest region, and served as a curator of natural history at the Hungarian National Museum. As a professor of botany at the medical school in the University of Pest, he influenced numerous Hungarian naturalists.
Sadler was born in Bratislava in a family of modest means. After completing high school studies, Sadler became a pharmacist's assistant at the pharmacy of the Order of Mercy. He completed a pharmacy course at the University of Pest and received a master's degree in 1810. He also studied philosophy from 1810 to 1914 and medicine at Pest from 1812 to 1819. Sadler became an assistant to Károly Konstantin Haberle. He became a doctor of medicine in 1820. He was also made assistant keeper of the natural history collection at the National Museum. In 1832 he became an assistant professor of botany at the University of Pest becoming a full professor two years later. He also taught chemistry briefly. His students included the botanist Josif Pančić and the physician Ignaz Semmelweis.
Sadler was a member of the Moscow naturalists association, the Weimar mineralogical society and the Regensburg herbal society. Sadler collected plants extensively from the Budapest region. He edited two exsiccatae, namely A' Magyar Plánták' szárított Gyüjteménye. Collectio plantarum siccatum Hungariae (1823–1830) and Agrostotheca Hungarica (1836–1841). The plant species Potentilla sadleri and Ferula sadleriana and the genus Sadleria were named after him.
# François de Baillou

François de Baillou (ca. 1700-1774) was a French scientific instrument makers.
Born into a French family settled in Milan, François de Baillou conducted research on a wide range of scientific topics. A distinguished optician, he produced numerous microscopes and telescopes in a period of thirty years (1734-1764). In 1750, he received the title of "Regio Cesareo Ottico" [Imperial Optician] from Empress Maria Theresa of Austria (1717-1780) via Count Harnach, Governor of Milan. From his published booklets on his optical instruments, we learn that he made mono- and binocular telescopes of various sizes and in different versions (theater, pocket, astronomical, terrestrial), simple and compound microscopes, camera obscuras and magic lanterns, and lenses and cylinders for anamorphoses. Many of Baillou's instruments are now preserved in public and private collections.
# Bud Wolfe

Roland "Bud" Wolfe (January 12, 1918 – January 28, 1994), was an American pilot who parachuted from an RAF Spitfire plane into a peat bog on the Inishowen peninsula in County Donegal, Ireland, on 30 November 1941. The incident initiated a diplomatic row between Britain and Ireland.
The 23-year-old, a member of No. 133 Squadron RAF, originally from Nebraska, was on convoy patrol when his engine overheated, eight miles from his RAF station at Eglinton – now the City of Derry Airport. Realising he would certainly crash, he radioed back to his station with a last message: "I'm going over the side." He then pushed back the Spitfire's canopy, released his safety harnesses, jumped out of the plane, and parachuted down, landing in a peat bog on Irish soil.
The plane penetrated deep into the peat when it crashed. Seventy years later in 2011, historians Jonny McNee, Steve Vissard, Jeff Careless and Gareth Jones began searching for the missing Spitfire, following numerous failed attempts by others, in June 2011 they discovered the wreckage near Moneydarragh, Co Donegal with the aid of specialist detecting equipment. The team of archaeologists, also found the plane's six Browning .303 machine guns and about a thousand rounds of ammunition buried 15 feet deep.
Because he joined the British war effort while the US was still neutral, he was stripped of his US citizenship. The RAF pilot was interned at the Curragh army camp in the neutral state of Ireland. On 13 December 1941, he walked out of camp, caught the train from Dublin to Belfast and was back at RAF Station Eglinton within hours. He was subsequently arrested and held for two more years while the authorities in the UK and Ireland debated how to handle his escape. In 1943 he escaped again and this time was sent to the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) where he served for the rest of the war.
He later served as a pilot in Korea and Vietnam, and died in Florida in 1994. He retired as a lieutenant colonel, with 12,000 flying hours logged and approximately 900 combat missions to his credit in all three wars.
The dig was filmed by Derry-based TV company 360 Productions for a BBC series on military archaeology, and the Spitfire plane is preserved at the Tower Museum in Derry. The machine guns recovered were found to be in relatively good condition and one was actually fired.