OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siegmund Gabriel

Siegmund Gabriel (7 November 1851 – 22 March 1924) was a German chemist.

## Scientific career

Siegmund Gabriel began studying chemistry at the University of Berlin in 1871. He continued his studies at the University of Heidelberg in 1872 with Professor Robert Wilhelm Bunsen. In 1874, he received his doctorate and then returned to Berlin. He began teaching as an assistant, initially in the inorganic chemistry department, before becoming an associate professor in 1886. Gabriel later turned to organic chemistry in his own research.
One of Gabriel’s most significant contributions to organic chemistry was made in 1887, when he discovered the Gabriel Synthesis with his partner James Dornbush. The Gabriel Synthesis is a reaction which synthesizes pure primary amines, involving the reaction of potassium phthalimide with an alkyl halide, followed by hydrolysis. The Gabriel Synthesis was adapted by Gabriel in 1889 to a procedure for the preparation of amino acids.
In 1891 Gabriel synthesized pyrrolidine from l-amino-4-chlorobutane, and in 1892, using the same procedure, he prepared piperidine from 1-amino- 5-chloropentane. He was the first to prepare phthalazine in 1893 and, with his student James Colman, pyrimidine in 1899. In 1900, he devised a simpler method for obtaining pyrimidine using barbituric acid, and in 1903 he first prepared quinazoline. Gabriel also investigated oxazole, thiazole, and their derivatives.
Gabriel reported what became the Robinson–Gabriel Synthesis in 1910. In 1913, he was appointed full honorary professor at the University of Berlin, a position he retired from in 1921.
Gabriel was a member of the German Chemical Society and served on its board for many years.

## Personal life

Siegmund Gabriel was born on November 7, 1851, in Berlin, the youngest of factory owner Aron Gabriel and his wife Golchen (Golde) née Pollnow's six children. His father owned a trimmings factory in Berlin.
On August 28, 1883, he married Anna née Fränkel, who was born on April 26, 1862, in Neustadt in Upper Silesia as the daughter of the entrepreneur Abraham Fränkel and his first wife Friederike née Caro. Siegmund and Anna Gabriel had two sons: Ernst, born in 1885, became a dermatologist and later earned his living as a chicken farmer after his emigration to Israel; Kurt, born in 1896, became a dentist and was able to continue to work in this profession after emigrating to New Zealand.
Siegmund Gabriel died in Berlin on March 22, 1924.
His widow Anna Gabriel was deported during the holocaust to Theresienstadt on October 30, 1942. She perished there on April 4, 1943.
Original documents from Siegmund Gabriel's estate have been kept at the Leo Baeck Institute in New York since 1979.
# Michael McCue

Michael McCue (born March 19, 1993) is a Canadian professional squash player. As of June 2018, he was ranked number 93 in the world. He won his first world tour title at the 2018 Mount Royal University Open PSA5 tournament.
# Varvandi

Varvandi (Persian: وروندي, also Romanized as Varvandī) is a village in Beyranvand-e Jonubi Rural District, Bayravand District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 52, in 11 families.
# Senshū Suetaka

Baron Senshū Suetaka (千秋 季隆; October 10, 1875 – May 12, 1941) was a Japanese nobleman, politician, businessman and educator. He served as Director of Office of Japanese Classics Research and was a member of the House of Peers. He was also a director of Bisan Bank and Owari Savings Bank, and a professor at Gakushuin University.

## Life

Senshū was born on October 10, 1875, in Atsuta, Aichi District, Aichi Prefecture (present-day Atsuta, Nagoya), the second son of Senshū Suetomi, the High Priest of Atsuta Shrine. Following the death of his elder brother Sueyoshi, he became heir apparent to his father in 1877. In 1884, he conferred peerage as Baron.
Senshū studied Japanese literature at the Tokyo Imperial University, graduating in 1900. He was a lecturer at Kokugakuin University and Waseda University before becoming a professor at Gakushuin University (Peers' School). He was also a special editor for Tokyo Imperial University Library's book catalog.
He served as Director of Office of Japanese Classics Research and councilor of the Institute of Divinities. He was also a member of the Religious Institutions Inspection Council and the Shinto Shrine Inspection Council.
In the business world, he served as a director of Bisan Bank and Owari Savings Bank, as well as inspector of Kumgangsan Electric Railway.
On July 10, 1904, Senshū was elected to the House of Peers as a baron. He was a member of the Kōseikai, and stayed in office until his death. Senshū was awarded the court rank of Junior Fourth Rank on December 26, 1908.
Senshū died on May 12, 1941, aged 65.

## Family

* First wife: Senshū Naruko (daughter of Viscount Ano Sanemitsu)
* Second wife: Senshū Han (daughter of Noda Yūjirō)
** Daughter: Takaoka Mikiko (wife of Viscount Takaoka Kazusue, mother of Viscount Sueaki Takaoka)
** Adopted son: Senshū Suetaka (biological son of Baron Kitakawahara Kimiumi)

## Publications

* Senshū Suetaka, Akabori Matajirō (1901). Heike Monogatari: Kokubun Kōyō. Tōkyō Senmongakkō Shuppanbu.
* Senshū Suetaka, Okada Masayoshi (1906). Nara-jidai Bunpan. Dainippon Tosho.
# Sony Ericsson Java Platform

The Sony Ericsson Java Platform is a set of profiles describing particular Sony Ericsson Java implementation. It was designed to help developers to focus on a platform rather than on a variety of different product names. Two platform branches exist, supporting Symbian (SJP) and non-Symbian (JP) based phones respectively. The platforms are implemented through an evolutionary approach in order to ensure forwards compatibility between platform versions, which means that all JSRs (except the optional) implemented on one platform are also implemented on all higher platforms. Normally each platform version is used in several phone models. Some platform features are optional, that is, configurable. For example, the Java Bluetooth APIs (JSR 82) are only enabled for phones which actually support Bluetooth wireless technology. These interfaces are mostly invisible to the end user, who only has to download a JAR file containing the application to the phone.
| Java Platform | Models | Features | Optional JSR 82 | Optional VSCL 2.0 | Flash Lite version |
| JP-8 (8.5) | Yari, Aino, Hazel*, Elm*, Cedar*, Zylo* | KML Support, Network Bearer API, JSR 238 Extensions, SIM Application Toolkit | Yes | | 3.1 (* also has Widget Manager) |
| JP-8 (8.4) | C510, C901, C903, C905, G705, W508, W705, W715, W995, T715 | Project Capuchin API | Yes | | 2.1 |
| JP-8 (8.3) | C702, C902, W760, W980, Z770, Z780, T700, W595 | JSR 179, JSR 256 (Mobile Sensor API) | All | | 2.1 |
| JP-8 (8.0-8.2) | G502, K630, K660, K850/K858, V640, W890/W898, W910/W908, Z750 | JSR 211, JSR 177, JSR 234 (full support), JSR 239, JSR 238, JSR 229, JSR 226 (SVG), JSR 180, JSR 248 (MSA), MIDP 2.1, JSR 256 (hardware dependent), JSR 179 (hardware dependent) | All | | 2.0 |
| JP-7 | K530, K550, K610, K770, K790, K800, K810, S500, T650, W380, W580, W610, W660, W710, W830, W850, W880, Z310, Z610, Z710 | JSR 234 (Camera capabilities) | Not Z310 | | 1.1 |
| JP-6 | K310, K320, K510, V630, W200, W300, W550, W600, W810, W900, Z530, Z550, Z558 | JSR 205, JSR 172 | Not K310, W200 | | |
| JP-5 | D750, K600, K750, V600, W700, W800, Z520, Z525 | JSR 75 | All | V800 only | |
| JP-4 | V800, Z800 | | | V600 only | |
| JP-3 | F500, J300, K300, K500, K700, S700, Z500 | JSR 184, Mascot Capsule Ver. 3 | | | |
| JP-2 | Z1010 | Nokia UI API 1.1, JSR 135, JSR 120, JTWI (JSR 185), MIDP 2.0, CLDC 1.1 | | | |
| JP-1 | T610/T616/T618, T630/T628, Z600/Z608 | MIDP 1.0, CLDC 1.0 | | | |
Note: JSR 184, Mascot Capsule Ver. 3 and JSR 234 are not enabled in Z310 series.
# Emma de la Barra

Emma de la Barra, known by the pseudonym César Duáyen, (1861-1947) was an Argentine writer, best known for her novels Stella (1905) and Mecha Iturbe (1906) which were praised for their portrayal of modern women. She is closely associated with the Costumbrismo movement. Stella became the first best-seller in the country, and in 1943 it was adapted into a film starring Zully Moreno as the character of Stella. Other notable works include El Manantial (1908), Eleonora (1933) and La dicha de Malena (1943).
# List of UK Independent Singles Chart number ones of 2001

These are the Official Charts Company UK Official Indie Chart number one hits of 2001.
| Issue date | Song | Artist |
| 6 January | "Can We Fix It?" | Bob the Builder |
| 13 January | "It's the Way You Make Me Feel" | Steps |
| 13 January | "It's the Way You Make Me Feel" | Steps |
| 20 January | "Buck Rogers" | Feeder |
| 27 January | "Buck Rogers" | Feeder |
| 3 February | "Oh No" | Mos Def with Pharoahe Monch & Nate Dogg |
| 10 February | "Shining Light" | Ash |
| 17 February | "Stutter" | Joe |
| 24 February | "The Call" | Backstreet Boys |
| 3 March | "Stutter" | Joe |
| 10 March | "The Vision" | Mario Più Pts. DJ Arabesque |
| 17 March | "The Vision" | Mario Più Pts. DJ Arabesque |
| 24 March | "Plug In Baby" | Muse |
| 31 March | "Mr. Writer" | Stereophonics |
| 7 April | "Mr. Writer" | Stereophonics |
| 14 April | "Burn Baby Burn" | Ash |
| 21 April | "Flesh" | Jan Johnson |
| 28 April | "Straight Up (No Bends)" | Brian Harvey |
| 5 May | "Dream On" | Depeche Mode |
| 12 May | "Strange World" | Push |
| 19 May | "Pissing in the Wind" | Badly Drawn Boy |
| 26 May | "Ya Don't See the Signs" | Mark B & Blade |
| 2 June | "Star 69" | Fat Boy Slim |
| 9 June | "No Flow" | Lisa Roxanne |
| 16 June | "Romeo" | Basement Jaxx |
| 23 June | "Have a Nice Day" | Stereophonics |
| 30 June | "Romeo" | Basement Jaxx |
| 7 July | "Hard to Explain"/"New York City Cops" | The Strokes |
| 14 July | "Turn" | Feeder |
| 21 July | "Pop" | NSYNC |
| 28 July | "Pop" | NSYNC |
| 4 August | "Do the Lollipop" | Tweenies |
| 11 August | "I Feel Loved" | Depeche Mode |
| 18 August | "Hidden Place" | Björk |
| 25 August | "Superstylin'" | Groove Armada |
| 1 September | "Superstylin'" | Groove Armada |
| 8 September | "Superstylin'" | Groove Armada |
| 15 September | "Mambo No. 5" | Bob the Builder |
| 22 September | "Mambo No. 5" | Bob the Builder |
| 29 September | "Mambo No. 5" | Bob the Builder |
| 6 October | "Chain Reaction"/"One for Sorrow" | Steps |
| 13 October | "Chain Reaction"/"One for Sorrow" | Steps |
| 20 October | "Chain Reaction"/"One for Sorrow" | Steps |
| 27 October | "I'm a Slave 4 U" | Britney Spears |
| 3 November | "I'm a Slave 4 U" | Britney Spears |
| 10 November | "I'm a Slave 4 U" | Britney Spears |
| 17 November | "Last Nite" | The Strokes |
| 24 November | "Hotel Yorba" | The White Stripes |
| 1 December | "Hyper Music"/"Feeling Good" | Muse |
| 8 December | "ResuRection" | PPK |
| 15 December | "Handbags and Gladrags" | The Stereophonics |
| 22 December | "Handbags and Gladrags" | The Stereophonics |
| 29 December | "How Wonderful You Are" | Gordon Haskell |
# Nakye Greenidge-Duncan

Nakye Greenidge-Duncan (born April 22, 2003) is a Canadian soccer player.

## Early life

In 2014, Greenidge-Duncan trialed with Dutch club Feyenoord's academy, after catching the club's attention during a camp run by the club in Toronto. He joined the Toronto FC Academy in 2015. In 2015, he helped the TFC U12 team win the inaugural Generation Adidas Cup, winning MVP honours. The championship qualified the team for the Arousa Futbol 7 tournament, where they faced top European Academy teams, including Barcelona, against whom Greenidge-Duncan scored in a 2–2 draw.

## Club career

On April 1, 2021, he signed his first professional contract with Toronto FC II of USL League One (they moved to MLS Next Pro in 2022). He made his debut on October 1 against North Carolina FC. He scored his first goal on April 17, 2022, against Chicago Fire FC II. On June 11, 2022, he scored a game-winning goal in stoppage time to give his team a 1–0 victory over Philadelphia Union II. He scored three goals and added one assist, during the 2022 season. After the 2022 season, Toronto declined his player option for 2023.
In January 2023, he signed with New England Revolution II in MLS Next Pro. After the season, the club declined his option for the 2024 season.

## Career statistics

    As of July 12, 2023
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Playoffs | Playoffs | Domestic Cup | Domestic Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Toronto FC II | 2021 | USL League One | 1 | 0 | — | — | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Toronto FC II | 2022 | MLS Next Pro | 14 | 3 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 14 | 3 |
| Toronto FC II | Total | Total | 15 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 3 |
| New England Revolution II | 2023 | MLS Next Pro | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 9 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 24 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 3 |
# Bangladesh Khilafat Majlis

%5B%5BWikipedia%3ARedirects+for+discussion%5D%5D+debate+closed+as+delete
#REDIRECT Khelafat Majlish
# Credit and Investments Ombudsman

The Credit and Investments Ombudsman (CIO) (until 2014 known as the Credit Ombudsman Service) was an Australian alternative dispute resolution or ombudsman that helped settle disputes between consumers and financial credit providers. The organisation was replaced with the Australian Financial Complaints Authority (AFCA) in 2018.

## History

The Credit and Investments Ombudsman was first established as the Mortgage Industry Ombudsman Service Limited (MIOS) on 18 June 2003 as an EDR (External Dispute Resolution, known in other regions as Alternative dispute resolution (ADR)) scheme.
It was established in 2003 as a result of the Mortgage & Finance Association of Australia ('MFAA') self-regulation, originally called the Mortgage Industry Ombudsman Scheme (MIOS). It later expanded its remit to include non-bank lending and other credit services, changing its name to the Credit Ombudsman Service Limited (COSL) in 2004 to reflect this broader jurisdiction. In November 2014 the scheme name was changed to the Credit and Investments Ombudsman.
CIO was an approved EDR scheme under scheme approved by ASIC's Regulatory Guide RG 139 and its services were free for consumers. Funding was sourced from a combination of its membership fees and complaint fees paid by its participating Members. CIO could award compensation up to a maximum of $309,000 and other remedies, such as an apology, could be required.
On 1 November 2018, the Australian Financial Complaints Authority (AFCA) launched as the one ombudsman service for all financial complaints, replacing the Credit and Investment Ombudsman and two other predecessor schemes, the Financial Ombudsman Service and the Superannuation Complaints Tribunal.

## Complaints
### Consideration

CIO considered complaints or disputes about its participating Members' concerning their products and services, such as mortgages, credit products, financial planning, managed investment, insurance and deposit taking (savings).
CIO resolves disputes in a non-adjudicative means through conciliation, although the actual Ombudsman could make a decision which was binding on the member (a Determination). Like all ASIC RG 139 approved schemes, Determinations could be made by the Ombudsman to bind Members but not complainants.
CIO's conciliation process was both inquisitorial and consensus-based and focused on producing a mutually satisfactory outcome. Both Members and consumers were afforded an equal opportunity to put forward their cases. This was intended to ensure procedural fairness and promote effective dispute resolution.

### Coverage

The Credit and Investments Ombudsman covered complaints for consumers if they have dealt with a participating Member of CIO as:
* a borrower or prospective borrower
* a loan guarantor or prospective guarantor
* or have in any way sought the services of a Member in the ordinary course of their business in the credit marketplace.

### Cost

There was no fee for individuals or small businesses when making a complaint all costs were covered by the scheme members.
# Johanna Quandt

Johanna Maria Quandt (née Bruhn; 21 June 1926 – 3 August 2015) was a German billionaire businesswoman and the widow of Herbert Quandt, an industrialist and prominent Nazi. When she died in 2015 she was the 8th richest person in Germany (and the richest German woman), the 77th richest person in the world, and the 11th richest woman worldwide according to Forbes.

## Career at BMW

Johanna Bruhn became a secretary in her future husband's office in the 1950s and eventually became his personal assistant. The two married in 1960. After his death in 1982, she was a major shareholder in BMW and sat on its supervisory board from 1982 until she retired in 1997. Much of that time she served as deputy chairwoman of the board. She owned 16.7% of BMW at the time of her death.

## The Silence of the Quandts

The documentary The Silence of the Quandts described the role of the Quandt family businesses during the Second World War. It disclosed information about the use of slave labourers in the family's factories during World War II. A later study funded by the Quandt family themselves concluded that "the Quandts were linked inseparably with the crimes of the Nazis". As of 2008 no compensation, apology or memorial at the site of one of their factories, have been permitted. BMW was not implicated in the report.

## Personal life

The two children of her marriage, Stefan and Susanne, are also substantial shareholders in BMW and now sit on the supervisory board of the company. Police prevented an attempt to kidnap her and her daughter Susanne Klatten in 1978. Johanna lived quietly in Bad Homburg.
A programme by the German public broadcaster, ARD, in October 2007 described in detail the role of the Quandt family businesses during the Second World War. As a result, four family members announced, on behalf of the entire Quandt family, their intention to fund a research project in which a historian will examine the family's activities during Hitler's dictatorship.
As of August 2014, the Quandt family is estimated to be worth $46.3 billion. Johanna Quandt died at the age of 89 in her home in Bad Homburg near Frankfurt am Main.
She created the foundation Johanna Quandt Stiftung, to provide training for aspiring business journalists. The foundation also provides prizes for outstanding business journalism. In 2009 she was awarded the Grand Cross of Merit.
# Platinum(II) acetate

Platinum(II) acetate is a purple-colored coordination complex. The complex adopts an unusual structure consisting of a square array of Pt atoms.

## Preparation

Several syntheses of platinum(II) acetate have been reported. Geoffrey Wilkinson et al. reported a synthesis from sodium hexahydroxyplatinate, nitric acid, and acetic acid. This intermediate solution was reducted with formic acid. The procedure is not highly reproducible.
Alternatively, the complex can be prepared by the reaction of silver acetate with platinum(II) chloride.

## Structure

According to X-ray crystallography, the complex is tetrameric, in contrast to the trimeric palladium analog. The four platinum atoms form a square cluster, with eight bridging acetate ligands surrounding them. The compound has slight distortions from idealized D$_{2d}$ symmetry. The crystal is tetragonal.
# PDE

PDE may refer to:

## Mathematics

* Partial differential equation, differential equation involving partial derivatives (of a function of multiple variables)

## Life sciences

* Phosphodiesterase, enzyme important in intracellular communication
* Pug dog encephalitis

## Organizations

* The European Democratic Party (esp. in Spanish, French or Italian languages)
* The Pennsylvania Department of Education

## Technology and engineering

* Program development environment
* Pulse detonation engine, proposed substitute to the traditional jet engine

## Philosophy

* Principle of double effect

## Places

* Punta del Este

## Other modes of abbreviation

* Polydichloric euthimal, fictional substance
* Pde (or Pde.), "Parade" (when serving as part of the proper name of a street or other way)
* Present Day English
# Matteo da Gualdo

Matteo da Gualdo or Matteo di Pietro di Ser Bernardo (Gualdo Tadino, circa 1435-1440 - 1507) was an Italian painter, active in Gualdo Tadino, Nocera Umbra, and Assisi.

## Biography

He likely trained under the painter from Foligno, Bartolomeo di Tommaso, and Girolamo di Giovanni di Camerino. He was influenced by Piero della Francesca, Andrea Mantegna, and Niccolò di Liberatore. In 1462, he painted the polyptych of Santa Margherita; and in 1471, a triptych: both now in the Rocca Flea Museo Civico. He painted an Encounter of a young St John the Baptist with St Anne now found at the Pinacoteca of Nocera Umbra. His son Girolamo and grandson also became painters.

## Gallery

* Virgin and Child Enthroned
* Annunciation
* Crucifixion with the Mourners
* Assumption with Saints Thomas and Sebastian
* Trittico di Pastina di Gualdo
* Stimmate di San Francesco
# Nicolas Vachon

Nicolas Vachon (born (1996-07-05)5 July 1996) is a Canadian male weightlifter, competing in the 69 kg category and representing Canada at international competitions. He participated at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in the 69 kg event.
Vachon also competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, and finally won a medal (a bronze) in his third appearance at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

## Major competitions

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Commonwealth Games |||||||||||||
| 2014 | Glasgow, Scotland | 69 kg | 110 | 114 | 114 | — | 135 | 140 | 140 | — | 250 | 13 |
# Esbu Kola, Babol

Esbu Kola (Persian: اسبوكلا) is a village in, and the capital of, Esbu Kola Rural District of the Central District of Babol County, Mazandaran province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,544 in 651 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,619 people in 773 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,693 people in 872 households.
# Agaronia griseoalba

Agaronia griseoalba is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olividae, the olives.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 36 mm and 39 mm.
(Original description in German) The spire is relatively short, approximately one-third of the total shell length. The shell has a moderately expanded aperture. The outer lip is somewhat thick and adheres slightly at the top.
The exterior of the shell is greyish-white, with faint grey shadows marking growth streaks. The initial part of the body whorl on the ventral side shows vertical rows of pale brown spots, which become increasingly faint or disappear entirely towards the end. There are no distinctive markings under the suture, but there is a pale reddish-brown spot near the upper end of the aperture wall. The basal band is white, with a subtle yellowish hue in its lower half. All columellar folds are pure white. The inner lip of the aperture is chestnut brown, occasionally interrupted by grey patches, while the inner edge of the aperture is pure white.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Mexican part of the North Pacific Ocean; also off Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua and El Salvador.