OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Real North Korea

The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia is a 2013 non-fiction book by Andrei Lankov about North Korea. It was published by Oxford University Press.

## Content

The work has a total of six chapters.

## Reception

Max Fisher of The Washington Post argued the book is best for people who have existing background knowledge of North Korea, and described it as "an excellent primer on the experts’ understanding of North Korea and a fascinating series of insights". Fisher criticised the book for having unnecessary words at times and a "less than electrifying" writing style.
Donghyun Woo of the University of California, Los Angeles wrote that the work is "one of the most informative and useful guidelines" for academic and non-academic viewers, although he criticised "simplistic characterizations and teleological narratives that will likely reinforce unproductive received perceptions".
Publishers Weekly gave the book a starred review, as one of "PW's Picks", and described it as "one of the best and most accessible recent accounts" of North Korea.
Kirkus Reviews describes the book as "A well-reasoned survey".
# Ledge Cemetery

Ledge Cemetery, also known as the Cemetery under the Ledge, is a historic cemetery in Yarmouth, Maine, United States. Dating to 1770, it stands on Gilman Road, around 450 feet (140 m) southwest of the older and smaller Pioneer Cemetery. Some headstones bear dates earlier than 1770, for many burials—such as that of Revd. Nicholas Loring—were removed from the older cemetery
The original First Parish Congregational Church, known as the Old Ledge Meetinghouse, stood near the site between 1730 and 1818. Its first pastor was Reverend Ammi Ruhamah Cutter. Tristram Gilman, for whom Gilman Road is named, was the fourth pastor. He served in the role for forty years, and was buried in the Ledge Cemetery upon his death in 1809, aged 73. His wife, Elizabeth Sayer, is buried beside him.
Several sea captains are also interred here, including those from the Drinkwater family. Captain Theophilus Drinkwater, son of Allen and Hannah Drinkwater, gave his name to nearby Drinkwater Point Road.
Of a settlement that originally contained a school, a tavern and a cemetery, only the cemetery and the ledge doorstep of the church remain.

## Notable burials

* Ammi Ruhamah Cutter (1705–1746), first pastor of the Old Ledge Meetinghouse
* Captain Theophilus Drinkwater (1792–1872), namesake of Drinkwater Point Road
* Tristram Gilman (1735–1809), fourth pastor of the church that formerly stood on the site, namesake of Gilman Road
* Frances Elliott Mann Hall (1853–1935), founder of Sigma Kappa sorority
* Giles Loring (1813–1893), shipwright
* Reverend Nicholas Loring (1711–1763), second pastor of the Old Ledge Meetinghouse; died in the role
* Jacob Mitchell (1696–1784), deacon
* Honorable Jeremiah Powell (1720–1784), in the now-unmarked Powell tomb behind that of deacon Jacob Mitchell
* Captain Cushing Prince Jr. (1786–1869), sea captain
* Captain Reuben Prince (1792–1870), sea captain

## Gallery

* Looking southwest across the cemetery toward the northern tip of Broad Cove
* The headstone of Tristram Gilman, the fourth pastor of the former Meetinghouse under the Ledge
* An information board marking sites of interest in and around the two cemeteries
# No One Will Play with Me

No One Will Play With Me (German: Mit mir will keiner spielen) is a 1976 short film by Werner Herzog. The film focuses on a boy, Martin, who is outcast from the other children at his school. The film was made with pre-school children in Munich, and is partially based on true stories which Herzog heard from the children themselves. The use of a raven as a central plot element was inspired by the story of the raven from Herzog's earlier film The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner.

## Plot summary

Martin is a young boy who sits in a corner while the children play at school. The other children dislike his shabby appearance, and refuse to play with him. With some effort, Martin convinces a classmate, Nicole, to come to his house and play with his talking raven. Martin explains that his mother is sick with cancer and cannot cook for him, and consequently he eats only popcorn. Martin's father beats him. Nicole becomes Martin's only friend, and he is so thankful that he gives his raven to her as a gift. Nicole then collects money from the other children to buy Martin a pair of guinea pigs.
# Disciples of Apocalypse

The Disciples of Apocalypse (DOA) were a biker-themed professional wrestling stable in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in the late 1990s. The group came together from the firing of Crush and Savio Vega from the Nation of Domination stable in June 1997 and consisted of four main members: Crush, Chainz, Skull and 8-Ball.

## History

DOA began to form on the June 9, 1997, edition of Raw is War when, the leader of the Nation of Domination, Faarooq fired both Savio Vega and Crush from the stable. As a result, Crush proceeded to form his own Hells Angels-themed stable. The group consisted of Chainz, Skull and 8-Ball (both of whom are real-life cousins of Chainz). They were introduced on the June 23, 1997, edition of Raw is War and proceeded to feud with the new Nation of Domination led by Faarooq and Los Boricuas led by Savio Vega.
In late November 1997, Crush left the group, and the WWF in protest of the Montreal Screwjob and believing he would fare better in WCW. The WWF addressed this by saying Crush was Kayfabe put out of action by Kane. DOA continued as a stable with Chainz assuming leadership. With the loss of Crush, DOA started to team on a semi-regular basis with Ken Shamrock and Ahmed Johnson to battle Nation of Domination. They also feuded against the Truth Commission and their spiritual leader, The Jackyl.
During this time, DOA would make their ring entrances astride custom-made Titan motorcycles.
As time passed, Skull and 8-Ball began to focus on their tag team career, leaving Chainz to compete as a singles wrestler. In June 1998, Chainz had his final match in the company, on an episode of Raw is War, where he lost to Val Venis. After Chainz left the company, Skull and 8-Ball continued as a tag team using the DOA name. They entered a feud with the Legion of Doom and Droz, during the course of which the Legion's former manager Paul Ellering turned on his former charges and sided with DOA. However, that angle soon died out and DOA entered a brief feud with Southern Justice. Soon after that, Ellering was beaten up and fired by the duo, after he had an argument with the duo and they formed a short-lived alliance with Brian Christopher and Scott Taylor known then as Too Much. Their last match in WWF as a tag team was a loss to Ken Shamrock and Mankind on May 14, 1999, at a house show. Soon after that match, DOA left the WWF later in May 1999. Then, both Skull and 8-Ball went to WCW.

## Championships and accomplishments

* Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
** Worst Feud of the Year (1997) - vs. Los Boricuas
# Masters M60 long jump world record progression

This is the progression of world record improvements of the long jump M60 division of Masters athletics.

## Key

Incomplete information  Pending
| Distance | Wind | Athlete | Nationality | Birthdate | Age | Location | Date |
| 6.18 m | (+2.0 m/s) | Gianni Becatti | Italy | 27 August 1963 | 61 years, 11 days | Pietrasanta | 7 September 2024 |
| 6.07 m | NWI | Tom Patsalis | United States | 6 December 1921 | 60 years, 216 days | Los Angeles | 10 July 1982 |
| 5.44 m | NWI | Hans Bittner | Germany | 22 February 1920 | 61 years, 69 days | Gaggenau | 2 May 1981 |
| 5.39 m | NWI | Hans Schneider | Germany | | | | |
# 1985 IAAF World Indoor Games – Men's 3000 metres

The men's 3000 metres event at the 1985 IAAF World Indoor Games was held at the Palais Omnisports Paris-Bercy on 18 and 19 January.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| João Campos Portugal | Don Clary United States | Ivan Uvizl Czechoslovakia |

## Results
### Heats

First 4 of each heat (Q) and the next 3 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 2 | Christoph Herle | West Germany | 7:54.54 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Dave Lewis | Great Britain | 7:54.55 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Francis Gonzalez | France | 7:54.73 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | António Leitão | Portugal | 7:54.82 | Q, NR |
| 5 | 2 | Pierre Délèze | Switzerland | 7:55.22 | q |
| 6 | 2 | Bob Verbeeck | Belgium | 7:55.94 | q, PB |
| 7 | 2 | Ivan Uvizl | Czechoslovakia | 7:57.78 | q |
| 8 | 2 | Tony Rodgers | New Zealand | 7:58.09 | |
| 9 | 1 | João Campos | Portugal | 7:59.07 | Q |
| 10 | 1 | Stefano Mei | Italy | 8:00.18 | Q |
| 11 | 1 | Don Clary | United States | 8:00.21 | Q |
| 12 | 1 | Joseph Mahmoud | France | 8:00.76 | Q |
| 13 | 1 | Bruno Lafranchi | Switzerland | 8:01.27 | |
| 14 | 1 | Peter Renner | New Zealand | 8:06.38 | |
| 15 | 1 | Isaack Lubango | Tanzania | 8:12.71 | |
| 16 | 2 | Emilio Ulloa | Chile | 8:19.96 | |
| 17 | 1 | Julian Giraldo | Colombia | 8:22.42 | |
| 18 | 2 | Mohammed Bekheet | Palestine | 8:23.63 | NR |
| 19 | 1 | Yehezkel Khalifa | Israel | 8:24.34 | |
| 20 | 1 | Vinko Pokrajčić | Yugoslavia | 8:36.04 | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | João Campos | Portugal | 7:57.63 |
| | Don Clary | United States | 7:57.78 |
| | Ivan Uvizl | Czechoslovakia | 7:57.92 |
| 4 | António Leitão | Portugal | 7:58.14 |
| 5 | Dave Lewis | Great Britain | 7:58.19 |
| 6 | Francis Gonzalez | France | 7:58.78 |
| 7 | Christoph Herle | West Germany | 7:59.52 |
| 8 | Joseph Mahmoud | France | 8:02.90 |
| 9 | Stefano Mei | Italy | 8:03.01 |
| 10 | Pierre Délèze | Switzerland | 8:10.51 |
| | Bob Verbeeck | Belgium | DNF |
# 1987 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's 3000 metres

The men's 3000 metres event at the 1987 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held at the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis on 6 and 8 March 1987.
The winning margin was 0.07 seconds which as of July 2024 remains the narrowest winning margin in the men's 3,000 metres at these championships.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Frank O'Mara Ireland | Paul Donovan Ireland | Terry Brahm United States |

## Results
### Heats

The first 3 of each heat (Q) and next 4 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 2 | Frank O'Mara | Ireland | 7:54.07 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Doug Padilla | United States | 7:54.58 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Pascal Thiébaut | France | 7:54.79 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Julius Kariuki | Kenya | 7:54.83 | q |
| 5 | 2 | Jacinto Navarrete | Colombia | 7:55.37 | q, AR |
| 6 | 2 | Uwe Mönkemeyer | West Germany | 7:55.39 | q, PB |
| 7 | 2 | Mogens Guldberg | Denmark | 7:56.02 | q |
| 8 | 2 | Mauricio González | Mexico | 7:56.99 | NR |
| 9 | 1 | Paul Donovan | Ireland | 7:58.05 | Q |
| 10 | 1 | Terry Brahm | United States | 7:58.17 | Q |
| 11 | 1 | Mark Rowland | Great Britain | 7:58.47 | Q |
| 12 | 1 | Dietmar Millonig | Austria | 7:58.74 | |
| 13 | 1 | Bruno Levant | France | 7:59.47 | |
| 14 | 1 | Raf Wyns | Belgium | 8:01.08 | |
| 15 | 2 | Billy Dee | Great Britain | 8:08.98 | |
| 16 | 1 | Carey Nelson | Canada | 8:11.72 | |
| 17 | 1 | Wilson Waigwa | Kenya | 8:17.23 | |
| | 1 | Alessandro Lambruschini | Italy | DNF | |
| | 2 | Freddy Báez | Bolivia | DNS | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Frank O'Mara | Ireland | 8:03.32 | CR |
| | Paul Donovan | Ireland | 8:03.89 | |
| | Terry Brahm | United States | 8:03.92 | |
| 4 | Mark Rowland | Great Britain | 8:04.27 | |
| 5 | Doug Padilla | United States | 8:05.55 | |
| 6 | Julius Kariuki | Kenya | 8:06.77 | |
| 7 | Pascal Thiébaut | France | 8:08.82 | |
| 8 | Mogens Guldberg | Denmark | 8:10.25 | |
| 9 | Jacinto Navarrete | Colombia | 8:11.89 | |
| 10 | Uwe Mönkemeyer | West Germany | 8:12.41 | |
# 1989 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's 3000 metres

The men's 3000 metres event at the 1989 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held at the Budapest Sportcsarnok in Budapest on 4 and 5 March.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Saïd Aouita Morocco | José Luís González Spain | Dieter Baumann West Germany |

## Results
### Heats

First 4 of each heat (Q) and next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Dieter Baumann | West Germany | 7:50.22 | Q, CR |
| 2 | 1 | Branko Zorko | Yugoslavia | 7:50.99 | Q, NR |
| 3 | 1 | Stefano Mei | Italy | 7:51.48 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | José Luís González | Spain | 7:51.52 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Saïd Aouita | Morocco | 7:51.72 | Q |
| 6 | 1 | Mikhail Dasko | Soviet Union | 7:51.83 | q |
| 7 | 2 | José Luis Carreira | Spain | 7:51.98 | Q, PB |
| 8 | 2 | Doug Padilla | United States | 7:52.00 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | Frank O'Mara | Ireland | 7:52.37 | Q |
| 10 | 1 | Brian Abshire | United States | 7:52.52 | q |
| 11 | 2 | Klaus-Peter Nabein | West Germany | 7:53.15 | PB |
| 12 | 1 | Jacky Carlier | France | 7:53.16 | |
| 13 | 1 | Gerry O'Reilly | Ireland | 7:53.32 | |
| 14 | 2 | Peter Wirz | Switzerland | 7:53.70 | |
| 15 | 2 | Rémy Geoffroy | France | 7:53.91 | |
| 16 | 2 | Mohamed Choumassi | Morocco | 7:55.58 | |
| 17 | 1 | Adauto Domingues | Brazil | 7:56.76 | NR |
| 18 | 2 | Nikos Vouzis | Greece | 7:59.92 | |
| 19 | 2 | Béla Vágó | Hungary | 8:05.78 | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Saïd Aouita | Morocco | 7:47.94 | CR |
| | José Luís González | Spain | 7:48.66 | |
| | Dieter Baumann | West Germany | 7:50.47 | |
| 4 | Doug Padilla | United States | 7:50.93 | |
| 5 | Frank O'Mara | Ireland | 7:52.21 | |
| 6 | Branko Zorko | Yugoslavia | 7:52.26 | |
| 7 | José Luis Carreira | Spain | 7:53.22 | |
| 8 | Stefano Mei | Italy | 7:53.73 | |
| 9 | Brian Abshire | United States | 7:53.93 | |
| 10 | Mikhail Dasko | Soviet Union | 7:54.80 | |
# 2015 Borno State gubernatorial election

The 2015 Borno State gubernatorial election occurred on April 11, 2015. Incumbent Governor APC's Kashim Shettima won election for a second term, defeating PDP's Gambo Lawan and several minor party candidates. Shettima received 94.92% of the vote.
Kashim Shettima emerged unopposed in the APC gubernatorial primary after all the aspirants stepped down. He retained his deputy, Zannah Mustapha, as his running mate.
Gambo Lawan was the PDP candidate.

## Electoral system

The Governor of Borno State is elected using the plurality voting system.

## Primary election
### APC primary

The APC primary election was held on in the evening of Friday, December 4, 2014, at the Elkanemi Sports Centre in Maiduguri, with a total of 4,520 delegates present from all wards of the state's 27 LGAs. Incumbent governor, Kashim Shettima, became the party's sole candidate after other aspirants stepped down for him days before.

### Candidates

* Party nominee: Kashim Shettima: Incumbent governor.
* Running mate: Zannah Mustapha.

### PDP primary

The PDP primary election was held in December 2014. Gambori Lawan emerged winner. However, following a replacement of his name with that of Mohammed Imam, he filed a suit at a federal high court in Abuja, which ordered the party to return his name.

### Candidates

* Party nominee: Gambo Lawan.
* Running mate:

## Results

APC Governor Kashim Shettima won re-election for a second term, defeating PDP Gambo Lawan and several minor party candidates. Shettima received 94.92% of the votes, while Lawan received 5.08%.
The total number of registered voters in the state was 1,407,777 while the total number of votes cast was 690,182.
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Kashim Shettima | All Progressives Congress (APC) | 649,913 | 94.93 |
| | Gambo Lawan | People's Democratic Party (PDP) | 34,731 | 5.07 |
| | Others | | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 684,644 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,407,777 | – |
| Source: Stears |||||

### By local government area

Here are the results of the election from 20 of the 27 local government areas of the state for the two major parties. Blue represents LGAs won by Shettima. Green represents LGAs won by Lawan.
| County | Kashim Shettima APC | Kashim Shettima APC | Gambo Lawan PDP | Gambo Lawan PDP | Total Votes |
| County | # | % | # | % | # |
| Abadam | 7,070 | | 61 | | |
| Askira/Uba | 26,313 | | 2,023 | | |
| Bayo | 17,968 | | 1,985 | | |
| Biu | 51,621 | | 781 | | |
| Damboa | 36,808 | | 165 | | |
| Dikwa | 11,168 | | 210 | | |
| Gubio | 11,487 | | 107 | | |
| Guzamala | 8,361 | | 12 | | |
| Gwoza | 40,359 | | 723 | | |
| Jere | 62,029 | | 1,443 | | |
| Kaga | 10,414 | | 105 | | |
| Kala/Balge | 10,474 | | 68 | | |
| Kukawa | 12,486 | | 293 | | |
| Kwaya Kusar | 18,678 | | 1,620 | | |
| Mafa | 10,734 | | 59 | | |
| Magumeri | 10,038 | | 384 | | |
| Marte | 6,388 | | 301 | | |
| Mobbar | 6,979 | | 218 | | |
| Monguno | 9,840 | | 31 | | |
| Nganzai | 3,696 | | 74 | | |
| Totals | 529,430 | | 17,574 | | 547,004 |
# Mordellistenoda

Mordellistenoda is a genus of beetles in the family Mordellidae, containing the following species:
* Mordellistenoda atrilimbata Shiyake, 1997$^{:31–32}$
* Mordellistenoda australiensis Ermisch, 1963
* Mordellistenoda donan Tsuru, 2004
* Mordellistenoda fukiensis Ermisch, 1941
* Mordellistenoda ismayi Batten, 1990$^{:140–141}$
* Mordellistenoda melana Fan & Yang, 1995
* Mordellistenoda memnonia Shiyake, 1997$^{:33–34}$
* Mordellistenoda nigricans Shiyake, 1997$^{:29–31}$
* Mordellistenoda notialis Shiyake, 1997$^{:28–29}$
* Mordellistenoda ohsumiana (Nakane, 1957)
* Mordellistenoda trapezoides Batten, 1990$^{:141}$
# Henderson Ridge

Henderson Ridge is a 1,467-foot-high (447 m) ridge in the U.S. state of West Virginia.
The ridge was named after James Henderson, a pioneer settler.
# Leo Hayes High School

Leo Hayes High School is a public high school in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, serving students between grades 9 and 12 on the city's north side. The school's motto is Dreams are the Seedlings of Reality.

## History

The school opened in 1999 as a result of complaints about overcrowding at the south side Fredericton High School. The first graduating class was in 2002.
Sports teams are called the "Lions", and their school mascot is a lion named "Leo". The school is named after Leo Hayes, who was once the marshal of the Fredericton Police force. He sold the land to the province to build a school on in 1968; however, the school was not built until 1998.
Leo Hayes High School is the newest of the 51 high schools in New Brunswick. It is located on property located on the north side of the city of Fredericton and overlooks the Saint John River. The construction of the school commenced on August 1, 1998. Leo Hayes High opened its doors to students on September 7, 1999, with a student enrollment of 962, a teaching staff of 50 and teaching support staff of 11. There are approximately 1,600 students enrolled in grades 9 through 12.
Leo Hayes High School is the second school built in New Brunswick under a public-private government partnership. The builder and owner of the school is Diamond Construction Ltd. of Fredericton; the architects were High Design of Fredericton. In the summer of 2009, a new wing of economic temporary classrooms was added to accommodate the growing number of enrolled students; this wing was then further extended during the summer of 2013, with the addition of two extra classrooms, and then again during the summer of 2014, with the addition of another two extra classrooms, bringing the total number of temporary classrooms to eight.

## Design

The facility is wheel chair accessible and boasts 53 classrooms - 14 with movable walls, 3 broad based technology labs, and 2 gymnasia. There is also an exercise room and weight room; physics, chemistry, biology and general science labs; 4 art rooms, 2 music rooms, and a bi-level library/media centre and cafeteria. The school also has a football field and track, as well as two practice fields. The school does not have a theatre. It is the only school in the Fredericton area (between middle and high schools) which was built without one.
The school's motto is the Latin phrase Somnia sunt circuli veritatis which means "Dreams are the seedlings to reality." This motto was chosen by the students voting for the best fitting motto the first year the school was opened.
First Nations imagery, as represented by a stylistic dream catcher, is found in the large window, which is over the main entrance of the school and in the school lobby. This linkage reflects the connections to the First Nation Community of St. Mary's, which is located adjoining the school grounds.

## Notable alumni

* Jake Allen, professional hockey player
* Jeremy Dutcher, musician
* Jake Thomas (Canadian football), professional football player
# Chocolate-covered raisin

Chocolate-covered raisins are a candy consisting of individual raisins coated in a shell of milk, dark or white chocolate.

## Varieties and brands

In the United States, they are also known as Raisinets, which is the earliest and one of the most popular brands of the product, currently made by Ferrara, a subsidiary of Ferrero SpA. Raisinets were introduced in the United States in 1927 by the Blumenthal Chocolate Company. Ferrero acquired the brand in 2018 from Nestlé, who had briefly expanded the brand to include milk chocolate-covered dried cranberries and dried cherries from late 2009 through 2013. A large number of other brands also exist, including:
* In the United Kingdom, chocolate raisins are considered a classic sweetshop confectionery and can be found in many supermarkets in plastic sharing bags under supermarket branding and in corner shops. Around Christmas time, chocolate raisins are also sold with milk, white and dark chocolate coatings as a festive treat in boxed packaging.
* In Canada, the Glosette brand was introduced in the 1930s by the Walter M. Lowney Company of Canada. It currently consists of various chocolate-covered candies, including Glosette Raisins, Glosette Peanuts, and Glosette Almonds. The candies are sold in small cardboard boxes rather than a typical plastic wrapper. Lowney was acquired in the 1970s by Nabisco. The Lowney brand, including Glosettes, was bought by Hershey Canada on July 1, 1987.
* In Australia, these sweets are more commonly referred to as chocolate-covered sultanas, rather than raisins. In Australia, there are no particularly prominent brands in the market, although chocolate-covered sultanas are produced by some large local confectioners and also on the behalf of supermarket chains as store-brand versions.
* In Peru there is a popular brand named Fochis which are chocolate covered raisin made by Compañía Nacional de Chocolates de Perú S.A
The Promotion in Motion Companies, Inc, the candy company that manufactures Welch's Fruit Snacks, also manufactures a Sun-Maid brand of chocolate-covered raisins.
There is a non-dairy equivalent made of sugar (non-refined), cocoa mass, cocoa butter, raisins and vanillin.
A similar food, also commonly sold at movie theaters, is the chocolate-covered peanut. As described above, the two products are often combined for consumption in a mixture. Less common alternatives are the chocolate-covered almond or the chocolate-covered macadamia nut.
# Shamanism in Europe

The first historian to posit the existence of European shamanic ideas within popular beliefs of otherwise Christian Europeans was Carlo Ginzburg, who examined the Benandanti, an agrarian cult found in Friuli, Italy, whose members underwent shamanic trances in which they believed they battled witches in order to save their crops.
Historians following Ginzburg identified what they saw as shamanic elements in the accusations of the witch trials of the Early Modern period. These included Éva Pócs and Emma Wilby. This group of authors proposes what is known as the "witch-cult hypothesis", arguing that there was a religious cult with continuity reaching into the pre-Christian period behind what became identified as "witchcraft" in the Early Modern period.
The idea of shamanism's existence in Ancient Greece was advanced by E. R. Dodds and criticized by Michael J. Puett.