OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chavdar Djurov

Chavdar Djurov (Dzhurov, Bulgarian: Чавдар Джуров, 31 May 1946 – 14 June 1972) was a Bulgarian pilot who in 1965 set the world record of the highest night parachute jump of 15.3 kilometres (9.5 mi).
Djurov's father, Dobri Djurov, was a high-ranked military official, who between 1962 and 1990 served as the Defense Minister of Bulgaria. Chavdar Djurov studied at the Georgi Benkovski Aviation School in Bulgaria, and then at the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy in the Soviet Union.
In 1965, he set the world record in parachute night jump, together with Georgi Filipov and Hinko Iliev. The record was registered; however, the International Aeronautics Federation decided that such jumps are too dangerous and prohibited them, which is why the record still stands.
In June 1972, Djurov died in airplane crash together with Ventseslav Yotov, during the trial flight on an L-29.
# Golali, Kuzaran

Golali (Persian: گلالي, also Romanized as Golālī) is a village in Haft Ashiyan Rural District, Kuzaran District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 130, in 31 families.
# Zilling

Zilling (German: Zillingen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 177 | — |
| 1800 | 196 | +1.47% |
| 1806 | 215 | +1.55% |
| 1821 | 251 | +1.04% |
| 1831 | 270 | +0.73% |
| 1836 | 310 | +2.80% |
| 1841 | 310 | +0.00% |
| 1846 | 317 | +0.45% |
| 1851 | 320 | +0.19% |
| 1856 | 295 | −1.61% |
| 1861 | 317 | +1.45% |
| 1871 | 340 | +0.70% |
| 1875 | 337 | −0.22% |
| 1880 | 349 | +0.70% |
| 1885 | 336 | −0.76% |
| 1890 | 326 | −0.60% |
| 1895 | 320 | −0.37% |
| 1900 | 333 | +0.80% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1905 | 338 | +0.30% |
| 1910 | 346 | +0.47% |
| 1921 | 299 | −1.32% |
| 1926 | 285 | −0.95% |
| 1931 | 273 | −0.86% |
| 1936 | 267 | −0.44% |
| 1946 | 260 | −0.27% |
| 1954 | 276 | +0.75% |
| 1962 | 258 | −0.84% |
| 1968 | 244 | −0.93% |
| 1975 | 240 | −0.24% |
| 1982 | 225 | −0.92% |
| 1990 | 252 | +1.43% |
| 1999 | 258 | +0.26% |
| 2009 | 264 | +0.23% |
| 2014 | 276 | +0.89% |
| 2020 | 273 | −0.18% |
Source: EHESS (1793-1999) and INSEE :
# Girchan, Zagheh

Girchan (Persian: گيرچان, also Romanized as Gīrchān) is a village in Zagheh Rural District, Zagheh District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 242, in 51 families.
# Gazmand

Gazmand (Persian: گزماند, also Romanized as Gazmānd) is a village in Maskun Rural District, Jebalbarez District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 5 families.
# 2011 Incarnate Word Cardinals football team

The 2011 Incarnate Word Cardinals football team represented the University of the Incarnate Word in the 2011 NCAA Division II football season. Home games were played at Gayle and Tom Benson Stadium. They finished the season 2–9, 1–7 in Lone Star play to finish in a tie for sixth place.
The Cardinals were led by third-year head coach Mike Santiago for the first seven games. On October 25, Santiago announced that he and the university mutually agreed to part ways, citing "philosophical differences".

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 3 | 7:00 pm | East Central* | Gayle and Tom Benson StadiumSan Antonio, TX | L 21–31 | 3,122 |
| September 10 | 7:00 pm | Eastern New Mexico | Gayle and Tom Benson StadiumSan Antonio, TX | W 41–28 | 2,396 |
| September 17 | 7:00 pm | at Lamar* | Provost Umphrey StadiumBeaumont, TX | L 35–45 | 15,367 |
| September 24 | 6:00 pm | at No. 21 West Texas A&M | Kimbrough Memorial StadiumCanyon, TX | L 7–52 | 6,138 |
| October 1 | 7:00 pm | No. 22 Midwestern State | Gayle and Tom Benson StadiumSan Antonio, TX | L 14–45 | 3,129 |
| October 8 | 6:00 pm | at Texas A&M Commerce | Memorial StadiumCommerce, TX | W 23–22 | 1,514 |
| October 15 | 7:00 pm | Texas A&M–Kingsville | Gayle and Tom Benson StadiumSan Antonio, TX | L 38–41 | 5,667 |
| October 29 | 6:00 pm | at Tarleton State | Memorial StadiumStephenville, TX | L 10–48 | 5,517 |
| November 5 | 7:00 pm | Angelo State | Gayle and Tom Benson StadiumSan Antonio, TX | L 14–34 | 3,948 |
| November 12 | 1:00 pm | at No. 12 Abilene Christian | Shotwell StadiumAbilene, TX | L 16–61 | 5,115 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from Coaches' Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Central time ||||||
# Neapolis (Pisidia)

Neapolis (Ancient Greek: Νεάπολις) was a town in ancient Pisidia, a few miles south of Antioch. Pliny mentions it as a town of the Roman province of Galatia, which embraced a portion of Pisidia. It became a bishopric; no longer the seat of a residential bishop, it remains, under the name of Neapolis in Pisidia, a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.
Its site is located near the modern Kıyakdede, Asiatic Turkey.
# Morfina

"Morfina" (transl. "Morphine") is a song by Dominican-American singer Prince Royce featuring Chilean-American singer-songwriter Paloma Mami. The music video was released on February 15, 2024, through Sony Music Latin and Smiling Prince Music, Inc., as the eighth single for Royce's seventh studio album, Llamada Perdida, which was released the following day. The music video shows Royce and Mami at a party and featured animation made with artificial intelligence.

## Charts

| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| Dominican Republic Bachata (Monitor Latino) | 16 |
# Andrea Naccari

Andrea Naccari (12 August 1841 – 2 October 1919) is notable for his study of the thermoelectric properties of metals, the photoelectric effect of metals immersed in liquids, and the electrical conductivity of gases and liquid dielectrics. He showed that the variation in the electrical resistance of distilled water was due largely to the solubility of the glass of the receptacle in which it was contained.
He obtained his PhD in pure maths in 1862 at the University of Padua under Francesco Rossetti.
# Phire Ashar Gaan

Phire Ashar Gaan is an Indian Bengali-language music reality television show that aired on Star Jalsha. The 20-episode first season was produced by Ekta Kapoor and Sougata Nandi under the banner Chayabani Balaji Entertainment.

## Hosts

* Sayani Ghosh
* Biswanath Basu

## Judges

* Amit Kumar
* Usha Uthup
* Bappi Lahiri
# Law enforcement in Russia

In the Russian Federation, law enforcement is the responsibility of a variety of different agencies. The Russian police (formerly the militsiya) are the primary law enforcement agency, with the Investigative Committee of Russia as the main investigative agency, and the Federal Security Service (FSB) as the main domestic security agency.

## Agencies

* Ministry of Internal Affairs:
** The Police of Russia (politsiya) provide public security functions. Formerly the militsiya
** Main Directorate for Drugs Control
* The Investigative Committee of Russia is an investigative body, sometimes described as the "Russian FBI".
* Ministry of Justice:
** Federal Service of Punishment Execution (FSIN) is responsible for the penal correction and prison system of Russia
* The Federal Security Service (FSB) is the domestic security service, and the main successor agency of the Soviet-era Cheka, NKVD, and KGB. Responsible for anti-terrorism operations.
** The Federal Border Guard Service is subordinate to the FSB and responsible for border protection, surveillance and coast guard.
* Federal Customs Service
* The Ministry for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM) is responsible for the civil defence regulation, protection from fire and has own troops.
* Ministry of Defence
** Russian Military Police provides the service police function for all branches of the Russian Armed Forces.
* The National Guard (formerly Internal Troops, OMON, and SOBR) provide a gendarmerie function, supporting the Politsiya and dealing with large-scale riots and internal armed conflicts. They also provide security for highly-important facilities (such as nuclear power plants).
* The Federal Protective Service of Russia is responsible for the protection of Russian state property and high-ranking government personnel, including the President of Russia.
* Presidential Security Service - concerned with the tasks related to the protection of the President of Russia.

## Prisons

Prisons in Russia are administered by the Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) and can be categorized under four types of facilities: pre-trial institutions; educative or juvenile labor colonies; corrective labor colonies; and prisons.
The corrective colony (Russian: Исправительно-трудовая колония, ИТК, ispravitelno-trudovaya koloniya, ITK) is the most common, with 760 institutions in 2004 across the many administrative divisions of Russia. There were also eight prisons, 62 juvenile facilities, and 192 pre-trial facilities in 2004.
# Pedro Solberg

Pedro Salgado Collett Solberg (born 27 March 1986) is a Brazilian male beach volleyball player.
Solberg's mother, Isabel Salgado, was herself a successful beach volleyball player who in 1994 won a FIVB World Tour event in Miami. His sisters Maria Clara Salgado and Carolina Solberg Salgado are also beach volleyball players who have played since 2005.

## Career

Solberg won the U18 World Championship with three different partners in 2002 and U21 in 2003 and 2006 in beach volleyball. In 2006 he started with Roberto Lopes at several FIVB World Tour tournaments with fourth place being his best result. In the following two years Pedro Solberg together with his new partner Harley Marques won nine tournament victories in the 2008 FIVB World Tour, and were voted "Team of the Year".
In the 2009 season Solberg played with different partners. He started with his first partner in an FIVB World Tour tournament Pedro Cunha where he won two silver medals, while with Benjamin Insfran he won the Polish Open in Stare Jabłonki. Two fourth places with Ricardo Santos marked the end of the year.

### 2010

After a fifth place with Santos in the Brasília Open, he decided to have another collaboration with Marques, his partner in the successful 2007 and 2008 years. They won the next tournament in Shanghai, but in subsequent events could only muster one other place at the front of the field: fifth place at the Grand Slam in Moscow. After two ninth place finishes in Stavanger and Gstaad, a seventeenth place in Klagenfurt and another fifth place in Stare Jablonki, Solberg/Marques won the silver medal in Kristiansand. They defeated their compatriots including Insfran/Bruno Oscar Schmidt and Emanuel Rego/Alison Cerutti, but lost the final against the Americans Todd Rogers/Phil Dalhausser. At the end of the season Solberg/Marques still reached ninth place in Åland and The Hague.

### 2011

In the first four events of the year, Solberg began playing with Cunha, and their best finish was fourth place in Prague. With his new partner Rhooney Ferramenta, he reached fifth place in the fifth event of the season, including the World Championships in Rome. In Stavanger, the two Brazilians ranked 25th, and were ninth in Gstaad. Solberg was then removed because of a doping suspicion. The suspension was provisionally lifted in mid-August because of a delay in testing that was not the fault of the athlete. In October, the International Volleyball Federation closed the doping charges after concluding that "there is no evidence of an anti-doping rule violation". In Agadir, Morocco, he won the bronze medal with Ferramenta in the final event of the season.
# Roaring 20's (film)

Roaring 20's (French: Années 20) is a 2021 French drama film directed by Elizabeth Vogler from a screenplay that she co-wrote with Joris Avodo, Noémie Schmidt and Francois Mark.
It had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival in June 12, 2021.

## Production

In April 2021, it was announced that Films Boutique acquired the distribution rights to the film.
The film was shot in one uninterrupted single sequence in Paris, France in mid 2020.
# Black Bloc (Sudan)

The Black Bloc (Arabic: الكتلة السوداء) was a political organisation in Sudan which sought to defend the interests of Black Sudanese. The Black Bloc emerged in 1948 and was active throughout the colonial period. It was based in the Nuba Mountains. The Black Bloc faced resistance from other Sudanese political parties, who labelled it as a "racist" organisation. The British colonial authorities caved in to the pressure from these groups, and denied the Black Bloc the ability to register itself as a political party.
# Gleneagles Hospital Penang

Gleneagles Hospital Penang (GPG) is a private hospital in George Town within the Malaysian state of Penang. Established in 1973, the 360-bed tertiary care provider houses over 85 doctors which cover a wide array of medical specialties, supported by more than 1,100 employees (nurses, allied health personnel and support staff). The hospital now consists of its original six-storey building and a 19-storey annex.

## History

The Gleneagles Hospital Penang was established in 1973 and was originally a three-storey hospital with 70 beds. It was located at the junction of Jalan Cantonment and Jalan Bell. The hospital was subsequently expanded to six floors in 1977, housing 132 beds. In 1989, Parkway Pantai, a Singapore-listed healthcare firm, acquired the majority control of the hospital, which was then renamed the Gleneagles Medical Centre. The hospital was expanded again in 2013, with the completion of a 19-storey annex. Today it is known as Gleneagles Hospital Penang and accommodates 360 beds. The CEO of Gleneagles Hospital Penang is Mr. Ivan Loh.
Gleneagles Hospital Penang is one of 16 hospitals operated by Pantai Holdings Sdn Bhd (Pantai Group), which is part of Parkway Pantai Limited, a subsidiary of IHH Healthcare Berhad (IHH).

## Facilities and services

Gleneagles Hospital Penang's medical services include the following specialties.
* 24-hour Emergency Department
* Cancer Centre
* Heart Centre
* Orthopaedic Centre
* ESWL / Stone Treatment Centre
* Gastrointestinal Diagnostics
* Minimally Invasive Surgery
* Imaging
* Neurophysiology Laboratory
* Radiotherapy Centre
* Scope Centre
* Weight Management Centre
* Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
* Cardiac Diagnostic Unit
* Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
* Labour & Delivery Suite
* Operating Theatre with Laminar Flow
* Pharmacy
* Rehabilitation Centre
* Online services, eHealthChat and eHealthConsult
# No. 165 Squadron RAF

No. 165 Squadron RAF was a unit of the Royal Air Force that was formed during World War I and served during World War II. The squadron has been formed twice.
Initially formed on 1 June 1918 as a nucleus, it did not see active service before being disbanded on 4 July 1918.
Reformed on 6 April 1942 at RAF Ayr, Scotland with Supermarine Spitfire as a fighter squadron and became operational on defensive duties on 1 May. The squadron moved to RAF Eastchurch, England on 15 August to take part in sweeps over northern France, moving to RAF Gravesend on 20 August and again to RAF Tangmere on 2 November, until returning to RAF Peterhead, Scotland on 29 March 1943.
In May 1943, Spitfires from the squadron intercepted a Junkers Ju 88 off the Scottish coast. The aircraft was being flown by crew who intended to defect to the allied side. The Ju 88 waggled its wings and dropped flares, signaling the intent to surrender, and the Spitfires escorted it to a landing at RAF Dyce. The RAF pilots were Mentioned in Dispatches for taking the risk not to open fire on the Ju 88 upon interception. The capture of this aircraft was of great intelligence value at the time, as it was fitted with the latest FuG 202 Liechtenstein BC A.I radar.
On 30 June, the squadron relocated to RAF Ibsley, England before moving to RAF Exeter, then RAF Kenley before moving to RAF Church Stanton, later renamed as RAF Culmhead, and was assigned to provide bomber escort missions over France and Germany. Escorts, convoys patrols, sweeps over northwest France and local air defence occupied the squadron until after the invasion moving to RAF Colerne on 10 February 1944, then back to RAF Culmhead on 10 March, then RAF Predannack on 2 April. The squadron was moved to RAF Harrowbeer on 20 June, then RAF Detling on 22 June, to help combat flying-bomb attacks and provide escort for bomber forces. The squadron was moved to RAF Lympne on 12 July and then RAF Detling on 10 August.
The squadron moved to RAF Bentwaters on 15 December, where the squadron was re-equipped with North American Mustangs becoming operational again in February 1945 and began long-range missions. With the end of the war in Europe, the squadron moved to RAF Dyce to re-equip with Spitfires and prepare to be transferred to Norway in mid June. The squadron provided air defence for a period of six months until the Royal Norwegian Air Force had reorganised. The squadron disbanded on 1 September 1946 after returning home with its aircraft passing to No. 66 Squadron.

## Squadron codes

| Squadron code | Allocated |
| SK | 1942 - 1946 |
# Ciphertext expansion

In cryptography, the term ciphertext expansion refers to the length increase of a message when it is encrypted. Many modern cryptosystems cause some degree of expansion during the encryption process, for instance when the resulting ciphertext must include a message-unique Initialization Vector (IV). Probabilistic encryption schemes cause ciphertext expansion, as the set of possible ciphertexts is necessarily greater than the set of input plaintexts. Certain schemes, such as Cocks Identity Based Encryption, or the Goldwasser-Micali cryptosystem result in ciphertexts hundreds or thousands of times longer than the plaintext.
Ciphertext expansion may be offset or increased by other processes which compress or expand the message, e.g., data compression or error correction coding.

## Reasons why Ciphertext expansion can occur
### Probabilistic Encryption

Probabilistic encryption schemes, such as the Goldwasser-Micali cryptosystem, necessarily produce ciphertexts that are longer than the original plaintexts. This is because the set of possible ciphertexts must be larger than the set of plaintexts to achieve semantic security.

### Initialization Vectors (IVs)

Many block cipher modes of operation, like Cipher Block Chaining (CBC), require the use of an Initialization Vector (IV) that is unique for each message. The IV is typically appended to the ciphertext, resulting in expansion.

### Redundancy and Error Correction

Some cryptographic schemes intentionally introduce redundancy or error correction codes into the ciphertext to protect against tampering or transmission errors. This added data increases the ciphertext size.

### Specific Cryptosystems

Certain cryptographic schemes, such as Cocks Identity-Based Encryption, can produce ciphertexts that are hundreds or thousands of times longer than the original plaintext. This extreme expansion is a design choice to achieve the desired security properties.
Ciphertext expansion can be offset or increased by other processes that compress or expand the message, such as data compression or error correction coding. The overall impact on message size depends on the relative strengths of these competing effects.
# Office of Consumer Affairs (Canada)

The Office of Consumer Affairs (OCA; French: Bureau de la consommation) is a Government of Canada agency under Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, which is responsible for consumer protection and promotion. The OCA is mandated "to these responsibilities by building trust in the marketplace so that consumers can both protect themselves and be able to confidently and knowledgeably drive demand for innovative products and services at competitive prices".
# Skakovci

Skakovci (pronounced; Hungarian: Szécsényifalva) is a village in the Municipality of Cankova in the Prekmurje region of northeastern Slovenia.
There is a small chapel in the settlement. It is built of red brick and has a three-storey belfry. A commemorative plaque dedicated to victims of cholera dates the building to 1832. It is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and belongs to the Parish of Cankova.
There is an engraving of the chapel on the gravestone of Anton Sinko, in the Avondale Cemetery, in Stratford, Ontario, Canada. Born at his home in Skakovci in 1933, Anton emigrated to Canada in the late 1950s, settled in Stratford, married Elizabeth Glosnek, and raised six children. He died in 2007, age 73.
# Ekspress-AMU7

Ekspress-AMU7 (Russian: Экспресс-АМU7, meaning Express-AMU7) is a Russian domestic communications satellite. It belongs to the Russian Satellite Communications Company (RSCC) based in Moscow, Russia. To provide of communications services (digital television, telephony, videoconferencing, data transmission, the Internet access, presidential and governmental mobile communications) and to deploy satellite networks by applying VSAT technology to Russia. Replacement for Ekspress-A4.

## Satellite description

The satellite has a total of 37 transponders, of which 16 C-band, 20 Ku-band and 1 L-band transponders. The Ekspress-AMU7 Russian domestic communications satellite, built by Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev (ISS Reshetnev) for Kosmicheskaya Svyaz. The communications payload was built by the French company Thales Alenia Space, in Italy.

## Launch

Ekspress-AMU7 was launched on a Proton-M / Briz-M launch vehicle on 13 December 2021, at 12L07 UTC, from Site 200/39 at Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan.

## Mission

Ekspress-AMU7 was launched with Ekspress-AMU3.
# Bandbon, Babol

Bandbon (Persian: بندبن) is a village in Sajjadrud Rural District, Bandpey-ye Sharqi District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 227, in 62 families.
# Harmonia antipodum

Harmonia antipodum, known as the antipodean ladybird, is a species of ladybird beetle (family Coccinellidae) indigenous to New Zealand, though sometimes mistaken for a related non-native species, Harmonia conformis. They are a brown colour, and about 3 mm long, while H. conformis is much larger and more conspicuously coloured.
# Bilchiragh District

Bilchiragh (also transliterated as Belcherãgh), (Persian: بلچراغ) is a district in the southern part of Faryab province, Afghanistan. The main town, Belcheragh, is situated in the northwest of the district at 35°50′19″N 65°13′51″E﻿ / ﻿35.8386°N 65.2308°E﻿ / 35.8386; 65.2308, 1263 m altitude.
# Didan-e Olya

Didan-e Olya (Persian: ديدان عليا, also Romanized as Dīdān-e ‘Olyā; also known as Dīdān-e Bālā) is a village in Baranduz Rural District, in the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 198, in 48 families.
# Astayesh

Astayesh (Persian: استايش, also Romanized as Āstāyesh and Estāyesh) is a village in Belharat Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 689, in 177 families.
# Mandeep

Mandeep or Mandip is a given name. It's commonly given to individuals of Hindu and Sikh background. It means "enlightened", "mind full of light", "light of the mind", or "light of heart and mind".

## Notable people

Notable people with the given name include:
* Mandeep Antil (born 1989), Indian field hockey player
* Mandeep Benipal, Indian film director
* Mandeep Dhaliwal, Canadian politician
* Mandeep Dhillon (born 1990), British actress
* Mandeep Jangra (born 1993), Indian amateur boxer
* Mandeep Kaur (athlete) (born 1988), Indian athlete
* Mandeep Kaur (cricketer) (born 1988), Indian cricketer
* Mandeep R. Mehra (born 1964), professor at Harvard Medical School
* Mandeep Roy, Indian film actor
* Mandeep Singh (born 1991), Indian cricketer
* Mandeep Singh (field hockey) (born 1995), Indian field hockey player
* Mandip Gill (born 1988), English actress
* Mandip Sehmi (born 1980), British wheelchair rugby player
* Mandip Singh Soin (born 1957), Indian mountaineer
# Deh-e Kohneh, Khuzestan

Deh-e Kohneh (Persian: ده كهنه) is a village in Susan-e Gharbi Rural District, Susan District, Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 133, in 21 families.