OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jihad verse

Certain verses (āyāt) from the Qur'an have been a subject of controversy among scholars. The 216th verse of the Surah, Al-Baqara (The Cow) is about Jihad in the way of God.
   كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْقِتَالُ وَهُوَ كُرْهٌ لَّكُمْ ۖ وَعَسَىٰٓ أَن تَكْرَهُوا۟ شَيْـًٔا وَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۖ وَعَسَىٰٓ أَن تُحِبُّوا۟ شَيْـًٔا وَهُوَ شَرٌّ لَّكُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
Transliteration:
"Kutiba ʿalaykumu l-qitālu wahuwa kurhun lakum waʿasā ʾan takrahū šayʾan wahuwa ḫayrun lakum waʿasā ʾan tuḥibbū šayʾan wahuwa šarrun llakum w-Allāhu yaʿlamu wāʾantum lā taʿlāmūna."

## Translations and commentary

Sahih International:
Fighting has been enjoined upon you while it is hateful to you. But perhaps you hate a thing and it is good for you; and perhaps you love a thing and it is bad for you. And Allah Knows, while you know not.
Abdullah Yusuf Ali:
   Fighting is prescribed for you, and ye dislike it. But it is possible that ye dislike a thing which is good for you, and that ye love a thing which is bad for you. But God knoweth, and ye know not..
* Abdullah Yusuf Ali's commentary on this verse is:
   To fight in the cause of Truth is one of the highest forms of charity. What can you offer that is more precious than your own life? But here again the limitations come in. If you are a mere brawler, or a selfish aggressive person, or a vainglorious bully, you deserve the highest censure

## Criticisms and response

Abdul Majid Daryabadi also explains the historical context of this verse:
   Persecuted, harassed, afflicted, poverty-ridden, exiled, and small in number as the Muslims were at the time of the enactment of warfare, it was but natural that they were none too fond of crossing swords with the mighty forces that had conspired for their extirpation. Nothing short of express and emphatic Divine Command could urge them on to the field of battle [in order to defend their rights]. And yet the Islamic jihads are declared to be ‘designed by the Prophet to satisfy his discontented adherents by an accession of plunder!’ (Margoliouth). Such is this European scholar’s love of veracity! Such is his wonderful reading of history!
# Refugee wave from the People's Republic of China to British Hong Kong

British Hong Kong was a major destination for refugees fleeing China in the 20th century.

## History
### Before Communist China

China suffered a chronic refugee crisis in the first half of the 20th century, which worsened in the 1940s due to the Second World War and the Chinese Civil War. Hong Kong was an attractive destination for those leaving China; the China-Hong Kong border imposed few restrictions on freedom of movement. The colony implemented formal immigration controls in 1940 after Japan captured Guangzhou during the Second Sino-Japanese War; the controls had limited success.
Controls tightened at the end of the civil war. Hong Kong imposed new immigration regulations in April 1949, partly as a security measure against the Communists, and established the Frontier Closed Area border zone in 1951. On the Chinese side, the PRC - motivated by distrust of the Western Bloc - restricted cross-border movement in February 1952 by requiring entry and exit permits.
Refugees continued to arrive after the Second World War. Another wave occurred as the newly founded PRC consolidated its control in southern China. By 1957, a third of Hong Kong's population of 2.5 million were refugees. Nonetheless, PRC measures did make natural growth the main source of population growth in Hong Kong.

### Later waves

The flood-famine in Northern Guangdong in Spring 1957 led to a wave of refugees in July 1957. Thousands of hungry civilians gathered at the border since February claiming to "seek relatives". Hongkongers, upon seeing the scenes in newspapers, felt pity and brought food across the border and the political impact worried the Guangdong officials. On 29 June 1957, the Guangdong committee of Chinese Communist Party authorized the Bao'an County to let the hungry get across the border.
The Great Chinese Famine caused another wave in 1962. The New York Times reported that 140,000 Chinese entered Hong Kong in 1962, with 80,000 illegally entering in a single month. The large number, increased by temporarily relaxed PRC border controls, caused a diplomatic crisis.

## Policy toward refugees
### Hong Kong

Edvard Hambro wrote, "Some may not be refugees in the legal sense but are in the broader sociological and humanitarian sense."
A report in 1958 by the Hong Kong government wrote, "he refugees [in 1957], however, have shown no desire to return to the mainland, even though Hong Kong is unable to offer to all the prospect of earning a reasonable living."

## Commemoration

On June 15, 2022, a monument to Chinese sent-down youth refugees who died on the roads to Hong Kong was unveiled in the Eternal Sunset Memorial Park & Cemetery of Lafayette, New Jersey. It inspected 176 victims died during the Culture Revolution, including those from all middle schools of Guangzhou.
# Rushcutters Bay Studio

Rushcutters Bay Studio was an Australian film studio built by Cosens Spencer in 1912 at Rushcutters Bay, Sydney.
For a number of years it was the leading film studio in Sydney, being the base of operations for Australasian Films. In 1925 that company built a new studio.
In 1933 Cinesound Productions converted the studios into a backup for their main studios at Bondi Beach.

## Selected Films Shot at Studio

* Know Thy Child (1921)
* Prehistoric Hayseeds (1923)
* The Digger Earl (1924)
* Splendid Fellows (1934)
# Desulfosporomusa

Desulfosporomusa is a genus of sulfate-reducing bacteria. So far there is only one species of this genus known (Desulfosporomusa polytropa).
# Palež, Žabljak

Palež (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Палеж) is a village in the municipality of Žabljak, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, its population was 404.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Serbs | 189 | 46.8% |
| Montenegrins | 182 | 45.0% |
| other/undeclared | 33 | 8.2% |
| Total | 404 | 100% |
# Bagot Well railway station

Bagot Well railway station was located on the Morgan railway line serving the South Australian locality of Bagot Well.

## History

Bagot Well railway station opened on 23 September 1878 when the line from Kapunda was extended to the shipping port at Morgan. It was named after Captain C.H Bagot who sank the well, which was re-served for public use in 1855. It was operated by South Australian Railways until March 1978 when it was transferred to Australian National. Passenger services ceased in December 1968 with the line closing in March 1994. There is no longer any trace of the station.
# The Basket of Bread

The Basket of Bread is a painting by Spanish surrealist Salvador Dalí. The painting depicts four pieces of bread with butter on them sitting in a basket. One is separated from the others and is half-bitten. The basket sits on a white cloth. The painting is in the Salvador Dalí Museum, St. Petersburg, Florida.
The painting was completed in 1926 when Dalí was twenty-two years old, shortly after he had finished his formal art class in Madrid where he was studying the Dutch Masters. It is among the earliest of several paintings of bread by Dalí; a later example is Basket of Bread (1945).
# 9th Army (Italy)

The 9th Army (Italian: 9ª Armata) was a World War I and World War II field army of the Royal Italian Army.

## World War I

After the Battle of Caporetto (November 1917) the Italian Army was completely reorganized by Armando Diaz. The new 9th Italian Army was formed under command of Paolo Morrone.
It consisted of:
* two army corps
* one cavalry corps
* the 6th Czechoslovak Division
It participated as reserve in the successful battles of the Piave River (June 1918) and Vittorio Veneto (October–November 1918).

## World War II

It was involved in the abortive Italian invasion of Greece in 1940, and the invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941. It then became the Italian garrison of the occupied or annexed territories of the Kingdom of Albania and the Italian governorate of Montenegro until the Italian surrender in 1943.
Its commanders were
* Mario Vercellino (1940–1941)
* Alessandro Pirzio Biroli (1941 - July 1943)
* Renzo Dalmazzo (July 1943 - September 1943)

## Footnotes

* ↑ Thomas & Mikulan 1995, p. 10.
# Shayne McMenemy

Shayne McMenemy (born 19 July 1975) is a former Ireland international rugby league footballer who played as a back rower in the 1990s and 2000s. He played club football in Australia for the Western Suburbs Magpies and WA Reds, and in England for the Rochdale Hornets, Oldham, Halifax and Hull FC.

## Early years

McMenemy was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. He attended Macquarie Fields High School in his early years, before attending St Gregory's College, Campbelltown.

## Playing career
### Australia

A Macquarie Fields Hawks Junior, McMenemy made his first grade début in 1997 against the Balmain Tigers. The Magpies won the game against a Balmain Tigers team including Ellery Hanley and Paul Sironen.
McMenemy signed a scholarship at 14 and went on to play Harold Mathews, SG Ball, Jersey Flegg, Presidents Cup, Reserve Grade and first grade. McMenemy début in the Tommy Raudonikis era in the late 1990s. McMenemy mostly played second-row for the Magpies. A bad elbow injury finished off his career in 1999 and he joined the Super League.

### England

McMenemy's English career started at Rochdale Hornets where he played a handful of games before moving onto Oldham. McMenemy was named Player of the Year and Clubman of the Year, and was selected in the Northern Ford Dream Team of the year. Oldham finished one game short of the grand final.
McMenemy signed on for Oldham for the 2001 season but only played one game before he transferred to Halifax. McMenemy was named player of the year in 2001 and Defensive player of the Year in 2002.
By mid-2003, Halifax were experiencing financial problems and McMenemy was signed by Hull FC midseason. Making his début against the Widnes Vikings, McMenemy dislocated his elbow and only appeared in a few games at the end of the season.
McMenemy played second-row for Hull FC, and was part of the winning 2005 Challenge Cup team at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff against Leeds Rhinos, 25–24. McMenemy played a major role in the semi-final against St. Helens, scoring two tries in the 34–8.
Hull FC reached the 2006 Super League Grand final against St. Helens, and McMenemy played at second-row forward in his side's 4–26 loss at Old Trafford, Manchester.
McMenemy's career with Hull ended with a serious injury, when he dislocated his shoulder scoring against Wakefield Trinity Wildcats at Belle Vue, requiring season-ending surgery.
He was named in the Ireland training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup. After not initially being selected for the final 24-man squad, he was called up as a replacement in the Ireland squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup.
In 2008 McMenemy returned to Australia to play in the Jim Beam Cup for WA Reds as captain-coach. He was included in the Jim Beam Cup NSW team in the Quad series.
# Prošćenje

Prošćenje (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Прошћење) is a village in the municipality of Mojkovac, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, its population was 579.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Montenegrins | 296 | 51.1% |
| Serbs | 252 | 43.5% |
| other/undeclared | 31 | 5.4% |
| Total | 579 | 100% |
# Donker Mag

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 61/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | B− |
| Consequence of Sound | negative |
| Rolling Stone | |
Donker Mag (Afrikaans for "Dark Power") is the third studio album by South African hip hop and rave group Die Antwoord. It was released on 3 June 2014 by Zef Records.

## Singles

The album's lead single "Cookie Thumper!" was released on 18 June 2013. A music video for the second single "Pitbull Terrier" was released on 20 May 2014. A music video for "Ugly Boy" was released on 4 November 2014. Directed by Ninja, this video, rich in cameos, features Jack Black, Marilyn Manson, Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea, burlesque dancer Dita Von Teese, the ATL twins (Sewell Brothers), and English model Cara Delevingne.

## Track listing
### Notes

* "Don't Fuk Me" quotes the movie Scarface, where Ninja's monologue came from.
* "Ugly Boy" features heavily a sample from the song "Ageispolis" by Aphex Twin.
* "Happy Go Sucky Fucky" is based on the song "Expander" from the game Streets of Rage 2, scored by Yuzo Koshiro and Motohiro Kawashima.
* "Raging Zef Boner" has a fake advertisement at the end, which features a quote from Lord of the Rings, in which Gandalf asks Frodo to keep the Ring secret and safe pending his return.
* "Girl I Want 2 Eat U" quotes the dub of Azumanga Daioh, where Yolandi's monologue at the end of the song came from.
* "Pitbull Terrier" is based on the song "Pit Bull" by Emir Kusturica and the No Smoking Orchestra from the Black Cat, White Cat soundtrack.
* "Moon Love" is from the album Good Morning South Africa by MaxNormal.TV, Ninja and Yolandi's earlier hip-hop group, and features their daughter, Sixteen Jones, as a toddler.
* "Sex" is based on the song "Sea, Sex and Sun" by Serge Gainsbourg.
# Bust of a Man Wearing a Gorget and Plumed Beret

Bust of a Man Wearing a Gorget and Plumed Beret is an oil-on-panel painting by the Dutch artist Rembrandt, dating to c. 1626–1627. It measures 39.8 by 29.4 centimetres (15.7 in × 11.6 in) and is held in a private collection. It is believed to be the earliest extant single-figure painting by Rembrandt.
The work was painted when Rembrandt was in his early twenties working in Leiden. X-ray analysis shows that it was painted over an earlier work depicting the head of an old man.
The identity of the subject is not known, but it is believed to be a character study or "tronie" of a historical character, wearing costume – gorget and cap with feather plume – fashionable in the 15th century, possibly inspired by a woodcut print of a lansquenet.
The subject is depicted in a pose typical of Rembrandt's work, with the subject looking over the left shoulder. It uses an exaggerated fall of light, creating bright highlights and deep shadows, perhaps inspired by Caravaggio.
The early history of the painting is not known with much certainty. It may have been held by Leo Nardus. It was acquired by Heinrich Baron Thyssen-Bornemisza around 1929, and displayed at Schloss Rohoncz at Rechnitz and later at Villa Favorita [it; de] in Lugano. It was sold by his daughter Margit von Batthyány [de; nl; ja] before 1954, and then auctioned at Christie's in London in 1974 and acquired by Herman Shickman and Lila Shickman. It was acquired by Pieter Dreesmann (son of Anton Dreesmann [nl] of the Dutch department store chain V&D) and Olga Dreesmann in 2002, and sold from their collection at Christie's in London in 2012, for £8,441,250. A copy of the painting was sold at Christie's in 1952.
* 1630
* 1631
* 1631
* 1634
* 1635
* Old Man with a Gold Chain 1631
* 1633-34
# Juan Valdez drinks Costa Rican coffee

Juan Valdez drinks Costa Rican coffee (Spanish: Juan Valdez bebe café de Costa Rica) is a slogan, implying that Juan Valdez, a fictional character created by the Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia (Fedecafé), drinks coffee from Costa Rica. At one time, it was used on bumper stickers in Costa Rica. The slogan prompted a lawsuit for the first time in 2006, when Fedecafé sued Café Britt following a t-shirt dispute.

## History

The origins of the slogan are unclear, Juan Valdez has appeared in advertisements for Colombian coffee since 1959. Jaime Daremblum, then-Costa Rican ambassador to the United States, used the phrase in a 1999 speech.
Apparently the message about Juan Valdez as a drinker of Costa Rican coffee was attributed to José Duval, a New York-based actor, who was the first Juan Valdez.

## Legal disputes

In 2006, the Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia received an injunction preventing the Costa Rican company Café Britt from selling t-shirts with the slogan. Fedecafé then filed a $1 million lawsuit on July 7, 2006, after Café Britt refused to sign a contract, stating that it must respect the intellectual property of Fedecafé and refrain from using either the name or image of Juan Valdez. Café Britt filed a $200,000 counter-suit, after producing an affidavit from a Costa Rican man, Juan Valdez, certifying that he does drink Costa Rican coffee. Café Britt also argued that the phrase is so common as to be ineligible for legal protection.
Fedecafé maintains that Café Britt agreed in early 2006 to stop using its trademarks; Pablo Vargas, the manager of Café Britt, denies that such an agreement existed. The only and final agreement, according to Fedecafé's proposal of January 19, 2006, consisted in the total recall of the t-shirts. This is the agreement Britt accepted and executed on that same date. In exchange, Fedecafé committed to dismiss any further legal process.
The "other" Juan Valdez was discovered as early as 1999.
Café Britt presented a criminal case against Gabriel Silva, Fedecafé's manager, for presumably defamatory statements, as well as taking civil action against him for damages of $1,000,000. Mr. Silva was notified in Colombia through diplomatic channels. All charges have since been dropped. When asked to comment, Silva's lawyer, Kyle Hoskinson, stated, "I'm glad this is all over."
# Luang Nuea, Lampang

Luang Nuea, Lampang (Thai: ?) is a village and tambon (subdistrict) of Ngao District, in Lampang Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a total population of 5020 people. The tambon contains 6 villages.
# Mu Ko Phetra National Park

Mu Ko Phetra is a marine national park in the Strait of Malacca off Thailand, covering mostly intact coastal line, open water, and about 30 islands of the southern part of Trang Province and the northern part of Satun Province. Established on 31 December 1984, it is the 49th national park and 14th marine national park of Thailand.
The majority of the park, about 94.74% or 468 square kilometres (181 sq mi) out of 494 square kilometres (191 sq mi) is open water. The two largest islands of the park are Ko Phetra (Thai: เกาะเภตรา) and Ko Khao Yai (Thai: เกาะเขาใหญ่). Several islands are marine turtle egg laying sites. Rich coral reefs are present around islands. Many of the islands consist of steep limestone rocks and little beaches. They are used as temporary refuges by fishermen during fishing season.
In the caves of the cliffs high above the ground on some of the islands are where swiftlets build their nest and breed. Several islands were placed under concession for decades to collect bird nests. They are highly valuable and closely guarded with firearms. Traveling to those islands should be done with local tour companies as their boats are recognized and ignored by guards.
The Thai name Phetra comes from Malay Pulau Petra (the island of Petra).
The continued existence of the park is threatened by the proposed Pak Bara deepwater seaport.

## Trang islands

* Ko Lao Liang consists of two similar islands separated by just 300 m. The smaller, northernmost island, Ko Lao Liang Nuea (Thai: เกาะเหลาเหลียงเหนือ) (also known as Ko Lao Liang Nong; Thai: เกาะเหลาเหลียงน้อง), and the larger island to the south, Ko Lao Liang Tai (Thai: เกาะเหลาเหลียงใต้) (also known as Ko Lao Liang Phi; Thai: เกาะเหลาเหลียงพี่). Both have rather small beaches and are bird nest gathering concessions. Around the islands are shallow reefs.

## Satun islands

* Ko Phetra (Thai: เกาะเภตรา / Malay: Pulau Petra) is an island with odd-shaped cliffs. A bird nest concession island, the surrounding sea is available for diving.
* Ko Lidi (Thai: เกาะลิดี / Malay: Pulau Lidi) is a large island with beach.
* Ko Khao Yai (Thai: เกาะเขาใหญ่), the biggest island with castle-like limestone rocks. Part of the island is the Ao Kam Poo (Thai: อ่าวก้ามปู), a 700 m wide bay with waterfall and stream. The shores of the bay are a turtle egg-laying sites.
* Ko Bulon (Thai: เกาะบุโหลน / Malay: Pulau Bulan), a popular tourist island with clear water and coral reef.

## Satun beaches

* Rawai Beach (Thai: หาดราไว), not to be confused with a beach of the same name in Phuket Province, is a 3.5 km long beach on the mainland. It is popular camping spot.
# Pliva

Pliva d.o.o. is a pharmaceutical company based in Zagreb, Croatia that primarily manufactures and sells generic drugs. It is a subsidiary of Teva Pharmaceuticals.
Pliva is one of the world's largest producers of generic Adderall.

## History

The company was founded in 1921.
A team of Pliva's researchers, Gabrijela Kobrehel, Gorjana Radobolja-Lazarevski and Zrinka Tamburašev led by Dr. Slobodan Đokić, discovered azithromycin in 1980.
In June 2002, the company acquired Sidmak for $152.9 million.
Also in June 2002, Zeljko Peric, the chief financial officer of the company, resigned.
In May 2004, the company received approval from the Food and Drug Administration to sell trospium chloride.
In June 2005, the company received approval to sell a generic version of erythropoietin in Croatia.
In November 2005, the company received approval from the Food and Drug Administration to sell a generic version of Azithromycin, Citalopram, and Ondansetron.
In October 2006, Barr Pharmaceuticals acquired Pliva.
On December 23, 2008, Barr Pharmaceuticals was acquired by Teva Pharmaceuticals and the company became part of Teva Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (TAPI).
# Asplenium flabellifolium

Asplenium flabellifolium is commonly known as the necklace fern, butterfly fern and walking fern. This small fern occurs in all states of Australia, as well as in New Zealand. It was initially described by Spanish botanist Antonio José Cavanilles.
Its natural habitats are open forest or rainforest. Usually on the ground, but sometimes epiphytic. Often seen in rock crevices, caves, on fallen logs and tree trunks, beside streams, or near cliffs, or waterfalls.
The fronds are 10 to 20 cm (3.9 to 7.9 in) long, with 5 to 20 pairs of pinnae (leaflets), often fan-shaped or sometimes lanceolate.
# Ju Chol-gyu

Ju Chol-gyu (Korean: 주철규) is a North Korean politician. He is a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea and a candidate (alternate) member of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea. He is currently the Vice Premier of the Cabinet and Chairman of the Agricultural Commission.

## Biography

During the 8th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea held from 5 to 12 January 2021, he was elected a member of the Central Committee. and a member of the 8th Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea. On 17 January 2021, at the 4th plenary session of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly, he was appointed to the Minister of Agriculture and then the chairman of the South Hwanghae Province Rural Accounts Committee in 2020. At the 8th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea held in January 2021, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, and at the 4th meeting of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly held subsequently, he was elected as the Vice Premier and Chairman of the Agricultural Committee. Later, he attended the second plenary session of the 8th Workers' Party of Korea held in early February and guided the Agricultural Subcommittee Conference, and was in charge of discussions with Kim Gwang-nam and Ma Jong-seon at the expanded meeting of the Cabinet Plenary Meeting on the 25th of the same month. In May 2022, at the time of Hyon Chol-hae's death, he served as a member of the National Funeral Committee. In March 2023 he participated in expanded meeting on the 1st of the 7th plenary session of the 8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea to prepare rural development strategies and economic revitalization plans where he made a speech. On 26 December 2022 he participated in event to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the North Korean constitution.