OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Downer, Australian Capital Territory

Downer is a suburb of Canberra, Australia, in the city's inner north. The suburb is bounded by Northbourne Avenue, Antill Street and Philip Avenue.
The suburb was gazetted in 1960 and named after Sir John Downer (1843–1915) Premier of South Australia and a member of the first Australian Senate in 1901. There is no specific theme for street names.

## History

The buildings which make up the Downer community centre and shops, were built for the CSIRO in 1930s, and the area now comprising Downer was an agricultural research facility for the CSIRO. The area now comprising the suburb was used between 1939 and 1945 as a plantation for the growth of opium poppy to provide a source for medications in the unavailability of imported supplies. The large pine and gum trees which surround the block around the shops were planted in this time as a wind break for the CSIRO building. Large trees (Camden Woolybutts) along Swinden street were also planted then, as Swinden street was the driveway for the CSIRO building, where it connected to Northbourne Avenue. With the development of the suburb the trees became diseased during the 1980s and a program is underway to replace them with more amenable local varieties of gum. As of September 2008, all but two or three of the older Swinden Street gums have been removed.
Downer has a local oval between Frencham, Melba, Bonython and Bradfield streets, with a shopping centre. However, in 2005 the shopping centre was vacant due partly to the poor location of the centre away from major roads. The shops were refurbished in the late 2010s, with a new cafe and vet clinic. In May 2019 a bronze kangaroo sculpture was unveiled, to replace a previous kangaroo sculpture which went missing six years earlier.
Nearby, the Canberra Business Centre until recently occupied the site of the former Downer Primary School. The school closed in 1988.

## Geology

Calcareous shales from the Canberra Formation is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. This rock is the limestone of the original title of Canberra "Limestone Plains".

## Footnotes

* Australia portal
* ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Downer (suburb and locality)". Australian Census 2021 QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
* ↑ Morgan, Cassandra (23 March 2019). "Kangaroo sculpture brings Downer revamp full circle: residents". The Canberra Times.
* ↑ Henderson G A M and Matveev G, Geology of Canberra, Queanbeyan and Environs 1:50000 1980.
* This article on the geography of the Australian Capital Territory is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Arrernte sign language

Arrernte Sign Language, or Aranda Sign Language, also known as Iltyeme-iltyeme (handsigns), is a highly developed Australian Aboriginal sign language used by the Arrernte people of central Australia.
Ilyeme-iltyeme is not generally used as a primary method of communication but used alongside speech, gesture and drawing practices. The language was first documented by Carl Strehlow in 1915.
In her 2010 book Iwenhe tyerrtye: what it means to be an Aboriginal person, Margaret Kemarre Turner dedicates a chapter the Iltyeme-iltyeme and explains how it is used particularly during periods of grief and sorrow by Arrernte people and that it is used more by the older generations and people living on remote communities (rather than in regional centers like Alice Springs). Turner explains that the use of these hand signs are sacred and explains that her mother primarily communicated in hand signs while mourning for her brothers and sisters; of it she says;
   Arelhe ampwe mape, those old people still iltyeme-iltyemele angerlte-aneme, they still talk with their hands. And sometimes they take it for a long time by talking with hands. There's a real, real, real, real gentle feeling in that when you're talking with hand, like that person would be just whispering if they were using their voice. People stop talking out loud in sadness time, because they don't want to make the same words or sound - that same sort of sound to get them words out that they used to when those loved ones were still alive. My mother used to talk like that all the time.
A similar counterpart in central Australia is Warlpiri Sign Language (Rdaka-rdaka).
# Pleasant Valley, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin

Pleasant Valley is a town in Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,044 at the 2010 census. The town government is headquartered in the unincorporated community of Cleghorn. The remains of the historic community of Hadleyville are also located in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 54.2 square miles (140.4 km$^2$), all of it land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,681 people, 919 households, and 779 families residing in the town. The population density was 49.5 people per square mile (19.1/km$^2$). There were 931 housing units at an average density of 17.2 per square mile (6.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 97.84% White, 0.30% Native American, 1.08% Asian, 0.60% from other races, and 0.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.27% of the population.
There were 919 households, out of which 42.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.8% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.2% were non-families. 12.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.17.
The population was 29.9% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $61,645, and the median income for a family was $67,656. Males had a median income of $37,409 versus $27,467 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,539. About 1.0% of families and 2.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.5% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* C. N. Saugen, Wisconsin State Representative
# Camp Smith (New York)

Camp Smith is a military installation of the New York Army National Guard in Cortlandt Manor, in the Town of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, New York, about 30 miles (48 km) north of New York City, at the northern border of Westchester County, and consists of 1,900 acres (7.7 km$^2$). Established in 1882 by General Frederick Townsend, Adjutant General of New York, it was formerly known as "Camp Townsend", but was renamed in 1919 to "Camp Smith" for Governor Alfred E. Smith of New York.
The camp has been used as an annual training site for National and State Guard regiments since its establishment, and recently has served as the home of the Empire State Military Academy, as well as the state's Non-Com, Officer Candidate School, and a Westchester County DES satellite fire training center. It also hosts some other units (e.g. The Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment of the 53rd Troop Command, 42nd Infantry Division Band, 138th Chaplain Support Team).
# Qeshlaq-e Aghjaran

Qeshlaq-e Aghjaran (Persian: قشلاق اغجاران, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Aghjārān) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Jonubi Rural District, Qeshlaq Dasht District, Bileh Savar County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 12 families.
# Our Lady of the Angels Church, Erith

Our Lady of the Angels Church is a Roman Catholic parish church in Erith, London. It was built in 1963 by the Capuchins who have been in the area since 1867. It is located on the corner of Bexley Road and Carlton Road. It is the only Catholic Church in London served by Capuchin priests and Historic England said that its "classical styling of the tall entrance arches and the landmark campanile are powerful features in the street scene."

## History
### Foundation

In 1867, a Capuchin priest, Fr Maurice started a mission in Erith for the local Catholic community. He lived in a house in Cross Street, where he said Mass. Later a site was bought on West Street, where St Fidelis' Church, a school and presbytery was built. In 1875, a friary for the Capuchins was established, and new buildings constructed around the church. Later, the current site of the church was bought. In October 1902, building work started on new friary for the Capuchins there. In 1903, the new friary was opened. In the 1920s a hall was built on the site which was used as the church. In 1947, part of the friary was turned into a chapel.

### Construction

In 1960, St Fidelis' Primary School was opened. In 1962, construction work started on Our Lady of the Angels Church next to the school. On 9 September 1962, the foundation stone was laid by the Bishop of Southwark Cyril Cowderoy. The church was designed by the architectural firm Archard & Partners and construction work was done by H. Friday & Sons, of Erith. In December 1963, the church opened. It cost £45,750. In 1989, the original St Fidelis' Church was demolished. Before its demolition, two stained glass windows were taken from St Fidelis' Church and were transferred to Our Lady of the Angels Church. After 2000, the parish hall built in the 1920s was replaced by the Angelus Centre.

## Parish

The church has four Sunday Masses at 5:30pm on Saturday, 8:30am, 10:30am and 6:00pm on Sunday, with a 12:30pm Mass in Polish every second Sunday of the month. There are Masses at 9:00am from Monday to Friday and a 10:30am on Saturday.
# Hermann Schloffer

Hermann Schloffer (May 13, 1868 in Graz - January 21, 1937) was an Austrian surgeon.
He studied medicine at the University of Freiburg and University of Graz, where in 1892 he earned his medical doctorate. He spent several years in Prague as a surgical assistant and associate professor, and in 1903-1911 was a surgeon and professor at the University of Innsbruck. Afterwards he was a professor at Charles University in Prague.
On March 16, 1907 Schloffer performed the first transsphenoidal surgery for removal of a pituitary adenoma at the University of Innsbruck. Unfortunately, the patient died several weeks afterwards from a residual tumor. His name is lent to the eponymous "Schloffer tumor", described as an uncommon pseudo-tumor of the abdominal wall that usually appears several years after abdominal surgery.
In 1916 Schloffer became the first to remove a spleen for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). His student Paul Kaznelson (1898-1959) hypothesized - in analogy with hemolytic anemia - that the excessive destruction of platelets in ITP would occur in the spleen and suggested to his tutor Schloffer to perform a splenectomy on a patient with chronic ITP. Schloffer followed Kaznelson's suggestion. Their first patient so treated showed a dramatic improvement.
In 1933 he joined the fascist Fatherland Front in which he remained a member until his death in 1937.
# Manuel Lozano

Manuel Lozano may refer to:
* Manuel Lozano (actor) [es], actor in the 1999 film Butterfly's Tongue
* Manuel Lozano Garrido (1920–1971), Spanish journalist
* Manuel Rodríguez Lozano (1896–1971), Mexican painter
# Florian Merrien

Florian Merrien (born 21 November 1984) is a French para table tennis player who is a double World champion, six time European champion, 20-time French national champion and triple Paralympic medalist. He has won team titles with Nicolas Savant-Aira, Gregory Rosec and Jean-Philippe Robin. He was paralysed aged 18 months after contracting a virus that affected his spinal cord.
# Ephelis brabanti

Ephelis brabanti is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Algeria.
# Welsh Zone (Boundaries and Transfer of Functions) Order 2010

The Welsh Zone (Boundaries and Transfer of Functions) Order 2010 (SI 2010/760) is a statutory instrument of the United Kingdom government, defining the boundaries of internal waters, territorial sea, and British Fishing Limits adjacent to Wales. It was introduced in accordance with the Government of Wales Act 2006, which reformed the devolved National Assembly for Wales.

## Defining jurisdictions

The territorial waters defined come under the jurisdiction of Welsh law, and are also used for defining the area of operation of the Welsh Government (including the Marine and Fisheries Division) and other Welsh Government agencies and sponsored bodies.
The territorial waters defined as not being Welsh waters come under the jurisdiction of either Scottish law, Northern Ireland law, or the rest of English law. Because the order defines the territorial limits of the separate jurisdictions, it comprises a piece of constitutional law in the constitution of the United Kingdom.

## Welsh waters

Welsh waters is a colloquial term which can refer to different sea areas, including:
* Internal waters and territorial sea adjacent to Wales. ("Wales" as defined in the Government of Wales Act 2006)
* British Fishing Limits adjacent to Wales. ("The Welsh Zone" as defined in the Government of Wales Act 2006)
* The UK continental shelf limits adjacent to Wales. (Part of the "Welsh offshore marine region" as defined in the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009)

## Application

The Welsh Government had not chosen not to reform fishing in Wales using this instrument before 2020. In 2019, the Welsh Government published the first Welsh National Marine Plan.
The Welsh Government maintains the "ecosystem-based management" of these waters, including Carmarthen Bay and Estuaries.

## Political implications

The Irish Sea has six different governments administering the management of fisheries and vessels on it, and it can therefore be seen as a "particularly complex area".
Soon after this Order, the United Kingdom government signed and ratified the International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships, which applies this agreement to the Welsh zone.
# Josef Kyrle

Josef Kyrle (8 December 1880 – 30 March 1926) was an Austrian pathologist and dermatologist who was a native of Schärding.
He studied medicine at the University of Graz, and afterwards was an assistant to Anton Weichselbaum (1845–1920) at the clinic of pathological anatomy at the University of Vienna. In 1907 he was an assistant to Ernst Finger (1856–1939) at the dermatology clinic in Vienna, and in 1918 he became an associate professor.
Kyrle specialized in microscopic and histological research of skin disorders. His name is associated with Kyrle disease, being also known as "hyperkeratosis penetrans". In 1916 Kyrle referred to this condition as hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis in cutem penetrans. It is characterized by keratotic plugs that develop in hair follicles and eccrine ducts, penetrating the epidermis and extending into the dermis. This disorder is often associated with diabetes mellitus and kidney failure.
He performed investigations on the use of Jauregg's malaria therapy for treatment of syphilis in its early stages, and with Dr. Weichselbaum, he performed important studies involving the origin and development of the islets of Langerhans in the fetus.

## Selected writings

* Über den derzeitigen Stand der Lehre von der Pathologie und Therapie der Syphilis; sechs Vorlesungen für praktische Ärzte, 1924 - On the current state involving the doctrine of pathology and therapy of syphilis.
* Vorlesungen über Histo-Biologie der menschlichen Haut und ihrer Erkrankungen, 1925-27 - Lectures about histo-biology of human skin and its diseases.
# Zoroastrianism in Afghanistan

Zoroastrianism was a prominent religious belief in Afghanistan for centuries. Until half a century ago, 2,000 Zoroastrians were living in Afghanistan. For a long period of time Bactria was a center of Zoroastrianism, and Zoroaster is said to have taught in the city, perhaps in the 15th century BCE. Arachosia (modern Kandahar) was considered the second fatherland of Zoroastrianism. Additionally, Balkh is also known as one of the birthplaces of Nowruz.
# Eliphalet Williams Bliss

Eliphalet Williams Bliss (April 12, 1836 – July 21, 1903) was an American manufacturer and inventor who established the E. W. Bliss Company of Brooklyn, New York. His company supplied the US Navy with Whitehead and Bliss-Leavitt torpedoes, as well as projectiles for its naval guns during the Spanish–American War (in 1898), World War I (of 1914–1918) and World War II (of 1939–1945).

## Early life

Bliss was born on April 12, 1836, in Fly Creek, New York, United States, one of six children of physician John Stebbins Bliss and his wife, Ruby Ann Williams Bliss. The young Bliss was educated at public schools and at a seminary. He apprenticed at an Otsego County machine shop until he was twenty-one years of age. He later moved to New England and found work at the Parker gun factory in Meriden, Connecticut.
During the American Civil War he served as a corporal in Company I of the 3rd Connecticut Volunteers and saw action during the First Battle of Bull Run. One of his brothers, Lucien Wood Williams Bliss, served with the Confederate Army. After the Civil War, he returned to New York and married Anna Elizabeth Metcalf on June 19, 1865. The following year, he relocated permanently to Brooklyn, where he was employed for a time at the Campbell Printing Press Company.

## E. W. Bliss Company

In 1867, Bliss founded the machine shops which would become the E. W. Bliss Company. He also acquired the United States Projectile Company and the Stiles and Parker Press Company. His interest in mechanical matters diverged along two lines, the manufacture of machine tools, presses, and dies for use in sheet metal work, and the manufacture of shells and projectiles. Bliss had numerous patents taken out, many of which were his own inventions; machines for manufacturing and soldering metal cans and for shaping and casting sheet metal. Bliss' company also supplied part of the material used in building the Brooklyn Bridge.
The E. W. Bliss Company obtained rights to manufacture the Whitehead torpedo used by the US Navy, while the United States Projectile Company would later manufacture most of the shells used in its large guns. The company's experience with building the Whiteheads proved valuable in the development of the Bliss-Leavitt torpedo, which was also acquired by the US Navy.

## Other endeavors

Aside from owning the E. W. Bliss Company and the United States Projectile Company, Bliss was also involved in numerous other business endeavors. He was Vice President of the Brooklyn Heights Railroad, and was Director of the Brooklyn Gas Fixture Company and the Kings County Trust Company.
E. W. Bliss was a prominent member of the Peary Arctic Club, which funded the Arctic expeditions led by the explorer and U.S. naval officer Robert Peary. Peary named Bliss Bay in Greenland after him.

## Death

Bliss died on July 21, 1903, in Brooklyn, New York. At the time of his death, the E. W. Bliss Company's plant covered eighty-five city lots and employed 1,300 men; in 1884, it was the largest factory in the world.
# USS Antigone (AGP-16)

USS Antigone was a Portunus-class Motor Torpedo Boat Tender in service with the United States Navy during World War II. Authorized originally as LST-773, She was reclassified Motor Torpedo Boat Tender, and laid down the next day at Chicago Bridge & Iron Co., Seneca, IL. On 27 October 1944, she was launched, and put into reduced commission for conversion to a Motor Torpedo Boat Tender. On 5 December 1944, she was decommissioned for the conversion at Maryland Drydock Co., Baltimore, MD. 160 days later, on 14 May 1945, Antigone was put into full commission. After serving in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater for a year, Antigone was decommissioned on 27 May 1946, at San Francisco. On 10 June 1947, she was struck from the Naval Register, and sold to the Maritime Administration for final disposal on 6 February 1948 and simultaneously sold to Kaiser & Co., for scrapping.

## Ship awards

* American Campaign Medal
* World War II Victory Medal
* Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
# Nechaq

Nechaq (Persian: نچق, also Romanized as Nacheq; also known as Nachagh, Najāq, Nehchaq, and Nicha) is a village in Dizmar-e Markazi Rural District, Kharvana District, Varzaqan County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 339, in 80 families.
# Trailing-arm suspension

A trailing-arm suspension, also referred to as trailing-link, is a form of vehicle suspension. In a motor vehicle it places one or more horizontal arms (or "links") perpendicular to and forward of the axle on the chassis or unibody, which are connected to the axle or wheels with pivot joint(s). These are typically used on the rear axle or wheels of vehicles, but also found in both front and main landing gear of aircraft.
A "semi trailing-arm" (or semi trailing-link) is a common form of independent rear suspension on automobiles, particularly those with front wheel drive (where it allows a flatter rear floor pan).
Leading arms are similar horizontal arms, perpendicular to the axle, but connecting the wheels to the vehicle structure via pivot joints to the rear of them. These are typically used on the front axle or wheels, as on the Citroën 2CV and its derivatives, and on the Citroën DS, as well as on the M422 Mighty Mite jeep.

## Types
### Trailing-arm

Trailing-arm designs in live axle setups often use just two or three links and a Panhard rod to locate the wheel laterally. A trailing arm design can also be used in an independent suspension arrangement. Each wheel hub is located only by a large, roughly triangular arm that pivots at one point, ahead of the wheel. Seen from the side, this arm is roughly parallel to the ground, with the angle changing based on road irregularities. A twist-beam rear suspension is very similar except that the arms are connected by a beam, used to locate the wheels and which twists and has an anti-roll effect.
Some aircraft also use trailing arms in their landing gear, with oleo struts for shock absorption. A trailing arm landing gear results in smoother landings and a better ride when taxiing compared to other types of landing gear.

### Semi-trailing arm

A semi-trailing arm suspension is a supple independent rear suspension system for automobiles where each wheel hub is located only by a large, roughly triangular arm that pivots at two points. Viewed from the top, the line formed by the two pivots is somewhere between parallel and perpendicular to the car's longitudinal axis; it is generally parallel to the ground. Trailing-arm and multilink suspension designs are much more commonly used for the rear wheels of a vehicle where they can allow for a flatter floor and more cargo room. Many small, front-wheel drive vehicles feature a MacPherson strut front suspension and trailing-arm rear axle.
# Maika Friemann-Jennert

Maika Friemann-Jennert (born 24 June 1964) is a German politician of the CDU who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern since 2021.

## Political career

Friemann-Jennert became a member of the Bundestag in 2021 when she replaced Karin Strenz who died. In parliament, he has since been serving on the Defence Committee.