OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ralph Nuzzo

Ralph G. Nuzzo (born February 23, 1954 in Paterson, New Jersey) is an American chemist and professor. Nuzzo is a researcher in the chemistry of materials, including processes that occur at surfaces and interfaces. His work has led to new techniques for fabricating and manipulating materials at the nano scale level, including functional device structures for microelectronics, optics and chemical sensing.

## Biography

Nuzzo was a pioneer in the development of methods of self-assembled monolayers that have led to entirely new areas of surface chemistry with important extensions into physics, biology and materials, and with numerous applications ranging from bio-sensors to advanced electronics. His work has made important contributions to soft lithography – a low cost alternative to conventional photo-lithography for patterning circuits on microchips.
Nuzzo co-authored the paper on the "use of principles of physical organic chemistry to create functional surfaces based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)." The report is one of the "most highly cited papers in the Journal of the American Chemical Society history".

### Education

Professor Nuzzo received his B.S. degree in chemistry from Rutgers University in 1976 and his Ph.D. degree in organic chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1980. After completing his graduate studies, he accepted a position at Bell Laboratories, then a part of AT&T, where he held the title of distinguished member of the technical staff in materials research. He is currently the G. L. Clark Professor of Chemistry, and a professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

### Awards and achievements

2022 – Kavli Prize in Nanoscience 2021 – Member of the U. S. National Academy of Sciences 2011 – Fellow of the American Chemical Society
2007 – Fellow of the AVS
2005 – World Innovation Foundation, Fellow
2005 – American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Fellow
2003 – ACS Arthur Adamson Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Surface Chemistry
2003 – Senior Editor of Langmuir
2003 – Distinguished Technical Staff Award, Bell Laboratories
# Claude R. Canizares

Claude R. Canizares is an American physicist who stepped down June 30, 2015 from his post as Vice President of MIT. He remains the Bruno Rossi Professor of Physics at MIT and associate director for MIT of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center.

## Academic career

Canizares earned his B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from Harvard University. He came to MIT as a postdoctoral fellow in 1971 and joined the physics faculty in 1974. In 1984, he was made a full professor.
From 1990 to 2002, Canizares was the director of MIT's Center for Space Research (now known as the MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research). In 2002, he was appointed associate provost and vice president for research. He left the associate provostship and VPR positions to become VP in 2013.
Canizares is also the principal investigator for the Chandra X-ray Observatory's High Resolution Transmission Grating Spectrometer instrument.
He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1989 for "pioneering investigations in x-ray astrophysics, particularly in the analysis of astrophysical plasmas by high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy"

## Selected publications

Canizares is the author or co-author of more than 170 scientific papers.
* "Simulating the X-ray Forest"
T Fang, GL Bryan, and C.R. Canizares ApJ 564, 604 (2002)
* "The High Resolution X-ray Spectrum of SS 433 using the Chandra HETGS"
H.L Marshall, C.R. Canizares and N.S. Schulz ApJ 564, 941-952 (2002)
* "A High Resolution X-ray Image of the Jet in M 87"
H.L. Marshall, B.P. Miller, D.S. Davis, E.S. Perlman, M. Wise, C.R. Canizares, D.E. Harris, J.A. Biretta ApJ 564, 683-687 (2002)
* "Resolving the Composite Fe K-alpha Emission Line in the Galactic Black Hole Cygnus X-1 with Chandra"
J.M. Miller, A.C. Fabian, R. Wijnands, R.A. Remillard, P. Wojdowski, N.S. Schulz, T. Di Matteo, H.L. Marshall, C.R. Canizares, D. Pooley, W.H.G. Lewin ApJ submitted, February 2002.
* "High Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Multiphase Interstellar Medium toward Cyg X-2"
Y.Yao, N.S. Shulz, M.F. Gu, M.A. Nowak and C.R. Canizares ApJ 696, (2) 1418-1430 (2009)
* ""X-ray Emission and Corona of the Young Intermediate Mass Binary q1 Ori E."
D.P. Huenemoerder, N.S. Schulz, P. Testa, A.Kesich, C.R. Canizares ApJ 707, 942-953 (2009)
* "Confirmation of X-Ray Absorption by WHIM in the Sculptor Wall"
T.Fang, D.A. Buote, P.J. Humphrey, C.R. Canizares, L. Zappacosta, R.Maiolino ApJ 714, 1715-1724 (2010)
# Andrew Anderson (journalist)

Andrew Anderson is a Scottish broadcast journalist.
Educated at Craigmount High School, Edinburgh; University of Stirling and Centre for Journalism Studies, University College, Cardiff.
Anderson joined Grampian Television (now STV North) in February 1988 as a reporter and presenter of the nightly regional news programme North Tonight.
He left Grampian in October 1992 to join Reuters Television as a Scotland correspondent for the then new GMTV breakfast franchise.
Anderson was a reporter for BBC Scotland in Aberdeen and Dundee from 1997 to 2022.
# Jane Lewis (journalist)

Jane Lewis is a Scottish sports journalist and broadcaster, who was a sports presenter for Scotland Today, STV Central's now-defunct regional news programme.

## Career

Lewis joined Scotland Today in April 1999 after previous stints with BBC radio and Sky News.
As a result of mass redundancies both in the newsroom and technical support division, Lewis, along with presenters Shereen Nanjiani and Sarah Heaney all took voluntary redundancy. She signed off from the news programme on 24 April 2006.
# Petr Šimerka

Petr Šimerka (born 22 November 1948) is a Czech politician. He was the Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in the caretaker government of Jan Fischer.
# Zhang Ying (gymnast)

Zhang Ying (born 12 February 1988) is a Chinese group rhythmic gymnast. She competed at the 2005 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships.
# Gavin Lin

Gavin Lin (Chinese: 林孝謙; born 4 May 1980) is a Taiwanese film director. He attended Pittsburg State University.
Lin's debut feature film, In Case of Love, was released in 2010. The next year, he directed Revenge of the Factory Woman [zh]. A Moment of Love followed in 2013. In 2016, Lin directed Welcome to the Happy Days [zh], a film in the Metro of Love [zh] series. In 2018, Lin directed More than Blue, a remade South Korean film.
# Oleh Makhnitskyi

Oleh Ihorovych Makhnitskyi (Ukrainian: Олег Ігорович Махніцький) is a Ukrainian politician and lawyer. MP of Ukraine 7th Convocation, as a member of "Svoboda".
Ukraine Parliamentary Commissioner for the supervision of the General Prosecutor of Ukraine from 22 February 2014.
From 24 February 2014 — Acting Prosecutor General. The same day Oleh Makhnitsky left Svoboda. President Petro Poroshenko dismissed Makhnitskyi on 18 June 2014 following his own request to resign.

## Suspicion in corruption

In July 2014 an internet newspaper nedelya-ua.com published an article of unknown author with allegation of the Makhnitsky's real estate possessions in London that worth around €8.5 million.
# Adolf Hedin

Sven Adolf Hedin (23 April 1834 – 20 September 1905) was a Swedish newspaper publisher, writer and politician. He was known for his advocacy for democratic and social reforms.

## Biography

Hedin was born in Bo Parish (now part of Hallsberg Municipality) in Örebro County, Sweden. He was the son of vicar Johan Gustaf Hedin and Beata Elisabeth Vesterberg. He earned a B.A. from Uppsala University in 1861 and worked thereafter as a critic for Upsala-Posten. In 1864 he moved to Stockholm to work as a publisher for several newspapers. He worked for some time at Dagens Nyheter and was the executive editor of Aftonbladet from 1874 to 1876.
In 1870 Hedin was elected a member of the lower house of the Swedish parliament. He continued as a Member of Parliament until his death, with the exception for the years 1874 to 1876 (when he was editor of Aftonbladet) and 1888. During the 1870s, Hedin argued for universal suffrage and military conscription.
In foreign policy, Hedin was known for his support for Scandinavism. He initially supported the Swedish-Norwegian union. However, at the union crisis in 1905 he supported the Norwegian demands for independence and in his last public statement he urged for a peaceful resolution to the conflict.
# Josepha Gasch-Muche

Josepha Gasch-Muche (born 1 June 1944) is a German glass artist.
Her work is held in the permanent collection of the Corning Museum of Glass in the United States.

## Biography

Gasch-Muche studied painting and drawing at the Academy of Fine Arts in Trier, Germany. She initially focused on etching and drawing and became interested in glass later on. In 1998 she developed an original method of fragmenting thin display glass into even thinner splinters by breaking it with pliers; she then arranges these shards on top of and next to each other before bonding them invisibly.
She has won several awards for her glass work, including the Coburg Prize for Contemporary Glass and the Bombay Sapphire Prize in 2006, and the Bayerischen Staatspreis in 2008.
Now Josepha Gasch-Muche lives and work in Alfeld/Leine Germany.

## Books

* Lichtphänomene aus Glas. Distanz, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-95476-079-4
# Gaston Bouatchidzé

Gaston Bouatchidzé (Georgian: გასტონ ბუაჩიძე; 21 October 1935 – 12 July 2022) was a Georgian-French writer and translator.
Bouatchidzé was born in Tbilisi of a French mother and Georgian father who had lived in France for ten years before moving to the Soviet Union in 1934. Bouatchidzé graduated from the Lviv University, Ukrainian SSR, in 1958 and specialized in the French language and literature. He was a professor of French literature at the Tbilisi State University from 1960 to 1990, and an associate professor of comparative literary studies at the University of Nantes from 1991 to 2001. He has translated several pieces of Georgian literature into French, and vice versa. A principal subject of his research is the history of Franco-Georgian literary contacts. He was instrumental in forging sisterly ties between the cities of Nantes and Tbilisi, and in organizing the exhibition of the Georgian painter Pirosmani at the Nantes Museum of Fine Arts in 1999.
# Christine Stansell

Christine Stansell (born 1949) is an American historian in women's and gender history; antebellum US social and political history; American cultural history; history of human rights; and post-catastrophic societies. She received her PhD from Yale University in 1979. She recently retired from teaching history at the University of Chicago, where she had lectured since 2007.
Stansell's books have received mostly positive reviews.
# Emanuel Cohen

Emanuel Cohen (1892 - 1977) was an American film producer. He was vice president in charge of production at Paramount Pictures from 1932 to 1935. From 1935 he had his own production company, Major Films, making films starring Mae West and Bing Crosby among others.

## Select filmography

* Menace (1934)
* Pennies from Heaven (1936)
* On Such a Night (1937)
* The Girl from Scotland Yard (1937)
* Every Day's a Holiday (1938)
# Saadat Shahr

Saadat Shahr (Persian: سعادت‌شهر) is a city in the Central District of Pasargad County, Fars province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Saadat Shahr is located 630 kilometres (390 mi) south of Tehran, the capital of the country, and is an agricultural city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 15,947 in 3,814 households. The following census in 2011 counted 16,876 people in 4,514 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 17,131 people in 5,021 households.

## Overview

The city has gained global attention due to its fascination with astronomy and stargazing. Women in the town sold their jewelry to pay for the town's observatory and telescope, and many of the residents have given part of their salaries for the project. The town's mosque regularly provides astronomy forecasts. On special occasions, the town shuts off its electricity so people could enjoy astronomical events.
In March 2007, excavations in the vicinity of Saadat Shahr revealed a soil dam dating back to the Achaemenid dynastic era.
# FRAZ: Frauenzeitung

FRAZ: Frauenzeitung was a feminist magazine published in Zürich, Switzerland, from 1976 to 2009. It was one of the early feminist publications in German-speaking countries and was the first feminist magazine in Switzerland.

## History and profile

The magazine was started in 1976 as the official organ of the Women's Liberation Movement (FBB - Frauenbefreiungsbewegung). It was first named Fraue-Zitig. Later it appeared as an unaffiliated publication. The magazine was published quarterly and covered articles about politics, culture, and society. The headquarters of the magazine was in Zürich.
The magazine was the recipient of the 2001 Equality Award by the city of Zürich. FRAZ: Frauenzeitung ceased publication in 2009 due to financial challenges. The last issue appeared in September 2009.
# Jugend-Internationale

Jugend-Internationale (German: The Youth International) was a monthly communist youth magazine which was published in Switzerland between 1915 and 1928. It was the official media outlet of the International League of Socialist Youth Organisations.

## History and profile

Jugend-Internationale was launched in Zürich by the International League of Socialist Youth Organisations in 1915. Willi Münzenberg was named as its first editor. Its publisher was the secretariat of the organization. The magazine came out monthly, and its first eleven issues were published in Zürich until 1918. It supported the left-wing faction in the Swiss Social Democratic Party. Major contributors included many leading communists, including Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Zinoviev, Karl Radek, Alexandra Kollontai, Karl Liebknecht, Otto Rühle, Eduard Bernstein, Friedrich Adler, and Robert Danneberg. György Lukács, a member of the Hungarian Communist Party, also published articles in Jugend-Internationale in 1921.
Eleven issues of Jugend-Internationale were also published in Russia, and four issues appeared in Denmark and Sweden. Its circulation was 160,000 copies in 1921. Jugend-Internationale folded in 1928.
# Rote Revue

The Rote Revue was an organ of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland and existed between 1921 and 2009.

## History and profile

Rote Revue was founded by Robert Grimm and Ernst Nobs in 1921. Nobs was its first editor.
From 1921 to 1966, the magazine appeared under the title Rote Revue: sozialistische Monatsschrift (″socialist monthly revue″). From 1967 to 1980 it appeared under the title Profile: sozialdemokratische Zeitschrift für Politik, Wirtschaft und Kultur. From 1980 to 1989 it appeared under the title Rote Revue - Profil: Monatszeitschrift. From 1989 to 2009, it appeared under the title Rote Revue: Zeitschrift für Politik, Wirtschaft und Kultur.
Rote Revue went defunct in 2009. All editions have been made available online by the Swiss Electronic Academic Library Service (SEALS) in 2014.
# Swiss Derivatives Review

Swiss Derivatives Review (SDR) was a professional magazine for the futures and options industries.

## History and profile

The Swiss Derivatives Review was first published in 1997 and was issued three times a year. The publisher was Weber-Thedy AG and it was headquartered in Zurich.
The SDR was official publication of the Swiss Futures and Options Association (SFOA), the Association of Futures Markets (AFM), and the Swiss Association of Market Technicians (SAMT). The SDR was distributed free to members and friends of the above associations as well as at important industry events and congregations. The magazine had a print run of about 10,000 copies and reached on average over 20,000 readers globally.
The objective of the SDR was to update on the above associations’ activities as well as to provide news and information on the derivatives industry, exchanges and key market players. It was last published in Spring 2014.
# Mya Bollaers

Mya Bollaers (French:) is a Belgian actress.

## Career

She rose to prominence with her title role in the 2019 film Lola (Lola vers la mer), in which she played a 18-year-old transgender girl grieving the death of her mother. Her portrayal received general acclaim from film critics, resulting in numerous accolades. At the 10th Magritte Awards, Lola received seven nominations and won two, including Most Promising Actress for Bollaers, becoming the first openly transgender person to be nominated for a Magritte Award.
At the 45th César Awards, Bollaers was selected to compete for the César Award for Most Promising Actress.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2019 | Lola | Lola | César Award – Révélations Magritte Award for Most Promising Actress Golden Ibis Award for Best Actress |
# Darren T. Holmes

Darren T. Holmes is a film editor whose credits include animated films such as The Iron Giant (1999), Lilo & Stitch (2002), Ratatouille (2007), How to Train Your Dragon (2010), and The Croods (2013) as well as My Father’s Dragon (2022). He also served as a consulting editor for Song of the Sea (2014).
Holmes has been elected to membership in the American Cinema Editors.
Holmes is also a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

## Filmography

* The Iron Giant (1999)
* Lilo & Stitch (2002)
* Ratatouille (2007)
* How to Train Your Dragon (2010) - with Maryann Brandon
* The Croods (2013) - with Eric Dapkewicz
* Song of the Sea (2014) - Consulting editor
* Wolfwalkers (2020) - with Richie Cody and Darragh Byrne
* My Father’s Dragon (2022) - with Richie Cody
* Puss in Boots: The Last Wish (2022) - Pre-production editor
* Ray Gunn (TBA)
# Asa P. French

Asa Palmer French (January 29, 1860 – September 17, 1935) was an American attorney who served as the United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts from 1906 to 1914.

## Early life

French was born on January 29, 1860. His father was a Commissioner of the Court of Alabama Claims. In 1877 French began attending Thayer Academy as one of its first students and was a member of its first ever graduating class in 1878. In 1882 he graduated from Yale University, where he served on the tenth editorial board of The Yale Record and was a member of Skull and Bones. He subsequently studied law at Boston University.

## Career

In 1896, French came to prominence, with James E. Cotter, as court-appointed junior counsel for Thomas M. Bram, who was successfully prosecuted by Sherman Hoar, with Justice Edward Douglass White presiding, then sentenced to hang, for a triple axe-murder committed aboard the Herbert Fuller on the high seas. French and Cotter secured a second trial on writ of error, Bram v. United States, but he was, again, found guilty. Bram maintained his innocence, was released from prison in 1913, became a successful restaurateur, and was pardoned by President Woodrow Wilson, in 1919.
From 1901 to 1906, French was the district attorney for the Southeastern District of Massachusetts. In 1905 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Massachusetts Attorney General. In 1906, he was appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt to serve as the United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts. He was re-appointed by President William Howard Taft in 1910 and remained U.S. Attorney until November 1, 1914 when he resigned to enter private practice.
In 1916, he testified before the United States Senate during the confirmation hearings of United States Supreme Court nominee Louis Brandeis. Of Brandeis, French said: "Mr. Brandeis has, in my experience, the reputation of being a man of integrity, a man of honor, a man who is conscientiously striving for what he believes to be right".
French was elected to serve as a member of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1917, representing the Massachusetts Fourteenth Congressional District.
In 1920, French was a counsel for the complainants in a $150,000,000 suit against William Rockefeller and other former directors of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. He split a fee of more than $800,000 with four other lawyers.
French died on November 17, 1935.
# Josephine Mitchell

Josephine Mitchell (born 21 May 1965) sometimes credited as Jo Mitchell is an Australian actress and playwright with a lengthy career in theatre and television soap operas and serials.

## Career

Mitchells first major role was in Seven's drama series A Country Practice as Jo Loveday from 1985 and 1989. In 1990 she played Jane Holland in Home and Away, and has appeared in many of Australia's most popular series including, E Street (as designer and mother Penny O'Brien), Neighbours (as Katerina, a wheelchair user) and on All Saints as a one-episode guest, playing a protective mother who mutilated her husband after she found he had molested their daughter.
In 2010, she returned to Home and Away as a different character, that of Jill Carpenter, a dysfunctional alcoholic mother, and the mother of Romeo, played by Luke Mitchell.
Both of Mitchell's parents were heavily involved in theatre and she has had an extensive career in her own right in theatre as well as many television and film roles. She started her own theatre company, Strut Theatre, with other actors to promote women's roles. Strut worked out of Wharf 2 at the Sydney Theatre Company in the early nineties. She produced two plays, Pam Gems and Dusa, Fish, Stas and Vi, as well as a commissioned play by Australian playwright, Justin Fleming called Conversation Peace. She then moved to Melbourne to appear in the national tour of the musical Hello Dolly, produced by John Frost.
She is currently focusing on her work behind the camera as writer, having finished a feature-length movie titled The Cult and the tele-movie Aren't U Spesh!.

## Personal life

Jo Mitchell is married to Australian director and producer Chris Martin-Jones and they have two daughters. The pair met when Martin-Jones was a director on A Country Practice in 1989. His other credits include McLeod's Daughters, Packed to the Rafters, Spartacus, Legend of the Seeker, and A Place to Call Home.
She has a double degree from Sydney University, in Medieval and Religious Studies.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Type |
| 1985–89 | A Country Practice | Jo Loveday (later Langley) | TV series, 254 episodes |
| 1990 | Home and Away | Jane Holland | TV series |
| 1991 | Mimi Goes to the Analyst | Clara | TV movie |
| 1992 | Six Pack | Clara | TV series |
| 1991–93 | E Street | Penny O' Brian | TV series, 121 episodes |
| 1994 | Neighbours | Katerina Terrelli | TV series |
| 1994 | Girl | Nikki Mair | TV movie |
| 2005 | All Saints | Amelia Kyd | TV series |
| 2006 | TV Turns 50: The Events that Stopped a Nation | Guest (with A Country Practice cast: Lorrae Desmond, Brian Wenzel, Shane Porteous, Joan Sydney, Joyce Jacobs, Anne Tenney & Emily Nichol) | TV special |
| 2010 | Home and Away | Jill Carpenter | TV series |
| 2014 | Janet King | Dr. Wyburn | TV series, 1 episode |
# Saint-Martin, Gers

Saint-Martin (French pronunciation: ; Gascon: Sent Martin) is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.