OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eugene Turner

Eugene Turner (November 26, 1920 – January 14, 2010) was an American champion figure skater who competed in single skating, pair skating and ice dancing. He also coached professionally for 60 years, skated in films and authored skating works. He was born and raised in Los Angeles, California where he graduated from John Marshall High School, and spent most of his life and career in Northern California.

## Skating career

Turner won the men's singles title at the 1940 and 1941 United States Figure Skating Championships. Also in 1941, he became the first skater to medal in three disciplines at one U.S. Championship, adding the pairs title with Donna Atwood and the silver medal in ice dancing with Elizabeth Kennedy. Self-taught with the Los Angeles Figure Skating Club, he was the first skater from west of the Mississippi River to win a U.S. senior title.
Turner did not appear in the Winter Olympics or World Championships which were subject to worldwide cancellation from 1940 to 1946 due to World War II and post-war rebuilding. During the war, Turner served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Army Air Forces, piloting a single seat P-47 Thunderbolt from bases in France for over 60 missions against German forces. After the war, he became a coach and skated professionally.
Turner partnered with Sonja Henie during her tour and in Iceland in 1942. He also performed as a skating double for Cary Grant in The Bishop's Wife in 1948, and for Patric Knowles in the Abbott & Costello comedy, Hit the Ice in 1943.
As a coach, he taught or set programs for Allen Schramm, Dudley Richards, Karol Kennedy, Peter Kennedy, Catherine Machado, Richard Dwyer, Tim Brown, Andree Anderson, Lorin O'Neil Caccamise, and Tenley Albright. He authored one book, "The Skaters," and Skating magazine carried his columns in the 1980s.
Eugene Turner was inducted into the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 1983 and the Professional Skaters Association Coaches Hall of Fame in 2012.

## Results

(men's singles)
| Event | 1939 | 1940 | 1941 |
| North American Championships | | | 2nd |
| U.S. Championships | 3rd | 1st | 1st |
(pairs with Donna Atwood)
| Event | 1941 |
| North American Championships | 2nd |
| U.S. Championships | 1st |
(ice dance with Elizabeth Kennedy)
| Event | 1941 |
| U.S. Championships | 2nd |
# Cabinet of Folksongs

Cabinet of Folksongs or Cabinet of Dainas (Latvian: Dainu skapis) is a cabinet 160 cm (63 in) tall, 66 cm (26 in) wide, and 42 cm (17 in) deep, in which all Latvian folksongs (dainas) collected by Latvian folklorist Krišjānis Barons are stored. The cabinet itself was made in Moscow in 1880 after Barons' draft. In 2001, the Cabinet of Folksongs was included in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.
The cabinet contains documents that preserve traditions and other details about pre-Christian Latvian tribes.

## History

Barons started acquiring folksongs in 1868 (or 1878) with the purpose of demonstrating "that Latvian culture in its oldest part is of equal value as the culture of other nations". The cabinet was built in Moscow in 1880 and was based on Barons' draft. Due to the number of folksongs that were sent to Barons, the cabinet was deemed necessary. Prior to the completion of the cabinet, the folksongs were stored in cigarette-paper boxes. When the amount of texts approached 150,000 in 1893, Barons and his work returned to Latvia from Moscow.
After the author's death, the cabinet was kept in a bank vault. It was moved to the Archives of Latvian Folklore in 1940, to the Literature, Folklore, and Art Institute of The Latvian Academy of Sciences in 1945, to the Literature, Folklore, and Art Institute of the University of Latvia in 1999, and to the new building of the National Library of Latvia in 2014. Before the relocation to the National Library and it being placed on public display, the Cabinet of Folksongs was insured for one million euros.
The Cabinet of Folksongs had a copy in the Krišjānis Barons Memorial Museum and another one within the Stankevich manor in Russia, where Barons started working with dainas. In 1998, the contents of the Cabinet began to be digitised and its contents are completely available online since 2006.
In 2001, The Cabinet of Folksongs was included in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.

## Description

The cabinet has 73 drawers of differing sizes that are filled with papers measuring 3 cm × 11 cm (1.2 in × 4.3 in). The cabinet's three large drawers at the bottom store archive materials. The Cabinet of Folksongs houses 268,815 pages with 4-line to 8-line folksongs, as well as other texts such as riddles, adages, "traditions, customs, game descriptions, [and] magic spells".
# Countersignaling

Countersignaling or countersignalling is the behavior in which agents with the highest level of a given property invest less into proving it than individuals with a medium level of the same property. This concept is primarily useful for analyzing human behavior and thus relevant to signaling theory in economics, sociology and psychology.

## Signals and signaling theory

Much research is concerned with understanding what signals signalers should send to convince a receiver that they have a certain property, and what signals a receiver should be convinced by. One way of doing this is by putting money on the table just to prove that you can; someone without the property would not be able to do the same. For example, in biology peacocks expend energy on elaborate plumage that increase their risk of dying. By doing this they demonstrate their genetic fitness, as genetically less fit males can only grow small plumage, while genetically better individuals can grow larger ones. (In biology, this is known as the handicap principle.)
Countersignaling, by contrast, is showing off by not showing off, or by playing humble. For instance, the new money are eager to flaunt their wealth, and often surround themselves with expensive luxury items. Those with old money are more understated, preferring not to waste money on what they deem frivolities.
There are a number of different models that deal with this behavior and explain how rational individuals – those interested only in maximising certain utility – would find countersignaling beneficial. One of these is by Feltovich, Harbaugh and To. They developed a formal model in which receivers of signals judge the senders of signals based not only on what can be inferred from the signal sent, but also on additional information, which is assumed to be helpful but not perfect. For example, senders might be of low, medium, or high quality, and the additional information might be adequate for distinguishing low from high but not necessarily from distinguishing medium from low or high. Under certain circumstances, medium-quality senders will have an incentive to signal (to ensure that they can be distinguished from low-quality ones), but high-quality senders may not—they are not likely to be mistaken for low-quality senders in any case, and signaling behavior may mark them as medium.
# Spyro: Attack of the Rhynocs

Spyro: Attack of the Rhynocs (known in Europe as Spyro Adventure) is a 2003 platform game developed by Digital Eclipse and published by Universal Interactive for the Game Boy Advance. It was the last Spyro game to be released under the Universal Interactive label, as the label would be phased out shortly after the game's release. It was also the final Spyro game to be developed by Digital Eclipse, where for the next major handheld entries they would be replaced by Amaze Entertainment.

## Gameplay

The game plays similar to the previous two Game Boy Advance entries but expands on roleplaying concepts and item collecting than the previous two and has a much higher focus on role playing than platforming unlike the previous two entries. Players still collect gems and various other collectables and use portals to warp from level to level.

## Plot

In the Professor's lab, The Professor shows Spyro and Sparx his two new inventions. The first is a projector-like peephole machine, enabling them to spy on Ripto. The Professor then displays his next new invention – Butler, a large mechanical bear designed to help him in his lab. Unfortunately Butler malfunctions and the Professor has failed to equip it with an "off" switch. Spyro manages to short Butler out by luring him into a power generator, then the peephole machine malfunctions and the hole in the fabric of space begins to expand rapidly.
A terrified Professor tells Spyro about "Hearts" – magical objects with very special properties and the only way to control the problem. The Professor is about to give him a warp device that will allow him to travel to all the other lands, when Ripto appears through the hole and claims the device for himself with the advantage he can rapidly conquer the surrounding lands. Ripto warps out Spyro along with Sparx and Butler to the Dragon Shores.
After Spyro is able to travel back to the Professor's Lab and travel through the peephole's vortex to Ripto's Chateau, he finds Ripto about to lower the Professor into a pit of lava, but engages in combat with Spyro. After being defeated, Ripto captures him and Sparx. Butler reappears, and the Professor orders him to trap Ripto. Ripto, now incapacitated, yields the final heart and the Professor permanently seals the hole in space.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 72/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| 1Up.com | C+ |
| Game Informer | 5.5/10 |
| GamePro | |
| GameSpot | 8/10 |
| GameSpy | |
| GameZone | 7.9/10 |
| IGN | 8/10 |
| Nintendo Power | 3.3/5 |
Attack of the Rhynocs received above-average reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
# Von Armin

* Friedrich Sixt von Armin (1851 1936), German general in World War I
* Hans-Heinrich Sixt von Armin (1890–1952), German lieutenant general in World War II
* Elizabeth von Arnim (1866 1941)
# Zobahan Freeway

Zobahan Freeway (Persian: آزادراه ذوب آهن) is a freeway in Greater Isfahan Region, Isfahan Province, Central Iran, connecting Isfahan to its southwestern suburbs and Esfahan Steel Company (known as Zobahan in Persian) where the freeway gets its name from.

## Route

From West to East :
| | Aqarabparast Expressway Keshavarz Boulevard Abbaspur Boulevard West to Dorcheh |
| | Abrisham |
| | Kelishad va Sudarjan Falavarjan |
| | Garmaseh Falavarjan |
| | Imanshahr |
| | Najafabad-Fuladshahr Expressway Imanshahr Fuladshahr |
| | Fuladshahr |
| | Freeway 7 |
| | Esfahan Steel Company (Zobahan) Road 51 South to Zarrinshahr-Shahrekord |
| From East to West |||
# Upali (given name)

Upali or Upāli (Sinhala: උපාලි; Thai: อุบาลี) is a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Upāli, Indian monk and barber who was said to be one of the Buddha's ten chief disciples
* Upali Batuwantudawe (fl. 1932–1956), Sri Lankan lawyer and politician
* Upali Gunaratne (born 1954), Sri Lankan politician
* Upali Kannangara (1951–2018), Sri Lankan musician
* Upali Kodituwakku (born 1964), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Upali Rajakaruna (born 1975), Sri Lankan wheelchair tennis player
* Upali Thera (fl. 1753), Sri Lankan Buddhist monk
* Upali Wijewardene (1938–1983), Sri Lankan businessman and entrepreneur
# Vučetić

Vučetić (Serbian: Вучетић) is a Slavic Serbian and Croatian surname derived from the masculine given name Vučeta. It may refer to:
* Juan Vucetich (1858 – 1925) was a Croatian-Argentine anthropologist and police official who pioneered the use of dactyloscopy (fingerprint identification)
* Marko Vučetić (born 1986), Serbian football player
* Vasilije Vučetić (born 1995), Serbian basketball player
* Jelena Vučetić (born 1993), Montenegrin Serb basketball player
# So Can I

So Can I (Persian: منم می‌تونم, romanized: Manam mitunam) is a 1975 Iranian short film directed by Abbas Kiarostami.

## Plot

Two boys watch a cartoon film about various kinds of animals and one of them claims repeatedly that he can do the same things he sees the animals doing. But then the sight of birds flying plunges him into confusion: the film ends with the shot of an aeroplane circling the skies overhead.
# Soalazaina

Soalazaina is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambatondrazaka, which is a part of Alaotra-Mangoro Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 8,000 according to the 2001 commune census.
Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority of the population (80%) of the commune are farmers, while 15% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice; other essential products include beans, cassava, and bambara groundnut. Services provide employment for 5% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
18°1′S 48°4′E﻿ / ﻿18.017°S 48.067°E﻿ / -18.017; 48.067
* This Alaotra-Mangoro location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Yttergran Church

Yttergran Church (Swedish: Yttergrans kyrka) is a medieval Lutheran church in the Archdiocese of Uppsala in Uppsala County, Sweden.

## History

The church dates from the early Middle Ages and may have been built as a private church, belonging to a farmstead. According to a local legend, the church was commissioned by two sisters on a nearby farm. The oldest parts of the church are the nave and choir, in Romanesque style and possibly dating from the second half of the 12th century. The church originally also had an apse, but it was torn down following a devastating fire in the 1720s. The tower is somewhat later, erected in the 13th century but the spire or tower roof is considerably later, dating from 1773-75. During the 14th and 15th centuries, changes were made inside the church, e.g. by vaulting the ceiling. During the 15th century the church porch or so-called weapon-house, has added.
Adjacent to the church is an external wooden bell tower, built in 1763-66, and a burial chapel designed by architect Bengt Romare and built in 1954.

## Architecture

The church is the smallest church in the archdiocese of Uppsala. The interior is dominated by a number of medieval frescos. Of these, a few date from the 14th century but the majority are from the 15th century and executed by the well-known master Albertus Pictor. The frescos include a portrait of Jakob Ulvsson, archbishop of Uppsala and founder of Uppsala University. The bishop is depicted kneeling next to his coat of arms. The archbishop owned the nearby Biskops-Arnö Castle and it is probable that the entire decoration of the church by Albertus Pictor was commissioned by Jakob Ulvsson. The frescos were painted over with whitewash at a later stage but rediscovered and laid bare during a renovation in 1927.
Among the furnishings, the baptismal font remains but in a damaged state. It dates from the 12th century and probably made on Gotland. The church also has a partly preserved medieval altarpiece dating from c. 1470-80. The altar and pulpit however date from 1777 and are Rococo in style. They are a peculiar combination of altar and pulpit in one.
# Albert Mallory

Albert Elhanon Mallory (February 1, 1848 – October 4, 1904) was a Canadian physician and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Northumberland East in the House of Commons of Canada in 1887 as a Liberal member.
He was born in Cobourg, Canada West, the son of Caleb R. Mallory, an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the Legislative Assembly for the Province of Canada. Mallory was educated at Albert College and McGill University, receiving a M.D. from the latter institution in 1872, and set up practice in Warkworth. He was licensed by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons in Edinburgh in 1878. In 1880, he married Frances Waddell. After being elected in the 1887 federal election, Mallory was unseated on petition in November of that year and was defeated in the by-elections that followed in December 1887 and November 1888 by Edward Cochrane. In 1889, he was named registrar for Northumberland East. Mallory died in Colborne at the age of 56.
1887 Canadian federal election: East Riding of Northumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal | Albert Elhanon Mallory | 2,291 |
| | Conservative | Edward Cochrane | 2,278 |
By-election: On Mr. Mallory being unseated for bribery by agents, 22 December 1887: East Riding of Northumberland :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Edward Cochrane | 2,148 |
| | Liberal | Albert E. Mallory | 2,124 |
By-election: On election being declared void, 21 November 1888: East Riding of Northumberland :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Edward Cochrane | 2,074 |
| | Liberal | Albert E. Mallory | 2,028 |
# Robert McKechnie

Dr. Robert Edward McKechnie (April 25, 1861 – May 24, 1944) was a physician and the second chancellor of the University of British Columbia.

## Early life

McKechnie was born in Brockville, Canada West, on April 25, 1861. After completing his secondary school education in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, he began his studies at McGill University in 1886. After receiving his medical degree from McGill in 1890, he moved to British Columbia the following year, and practiced medicine in the Nanaimo area for 10 years. He was later elected to the Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia in 1896, and served as its president in 1897, 1906, and 1910. McKechnie also held the positions of senior surgeon, member of the Board of Directors, and Life Governor at Vancouver General Hospital. He was elected the first president of the British Columbia Medical Association in 1899. He later moved to Vancouver in 1904, where he remained for the rest of his career.
He helped found the American College of Surgeons and the North Pacific Surgical Society, and was president of the Canadian Medical Association in both 1914 and 1920. In addition to his medical career, McKechnie also ventured into politics. He was elected the Member of the Legislative Assembly for Nanaimo in 1898, and served as a Minister without portfolio in the provincial government of Premier Charles Augustus Semlin.

## University of British Columbia

He lectured in medical history at the University of British Columbia before being elected to its senate in 1912 and becoming its second chancellor in 1918, holding the latter position until his death in 1944. He was the university's longest-serving chancellor, serving for 26 years. During this time, he wrote several articles for medical journals, published a book about the history of medicine on the Northwest Coast, and started the British Columbia Place Names project.

## Death and legacy

McKechnie was awarded the Honour of "Prince of Good Fellows" by the Vancouver Medical Association in 1928. Becoming a charter member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Canada in 1931, he presented later that year the Osler Lecture in Vancouver.
McKechnie received several accolades, including honorary degrees from McGill University in 1912 and the University of British Columbia in 1925, the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal for services to Canada, and was later made Commander of the Order of the British Empire. He died on May 24, 1944, in Vancouver. McKechnie's death from a hand infection was reported on the front page of the Vancouver Sun. An elementary school named in his honor, the Dr. R. E. McKechnie Elementary School, was opened by Dr. Wallace Wilson on November 22, 1957.
# Up and Down the Dust Way

Up and Down the Dust Way (Vietnamese: Xuôi ngược đường trần) is a 2002 Vietnamese TV series, written and directed by Linh Nga (a.k.a. Lina Linh Nga) and co-director Tuan Anh Nguyen, and starring Linh Nga, Mai Ngoc Can, The Tuc, and Kim Xuyen. It premiered on February 21, 2002, at the Vietnamese International Film Festival in Hanoi, Vietnam. It won the Academy International Award for Best TV Series of 2002. It was shown on May 27, 2002, in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and other cities.

## Plot

The series is set in the 1990s in Vietnam. Lien is a traditional, pure, and simple Vietnamese girl who has a dream of a happy, peaceful life. The opening describes a series of traumatic events that happened to her when she was a young child: Her mother died and her father remarried a wicked woman. In a desperate effort to escape, Lien meets up with the Master. Under his tutelage, she regains hope. At the end, she finds the answer to her questions: "Patience is a bridge to overcome suffering."

## Cast and characters

* Linh Nga as Lien — The Vietnamese protagonist, who is young and kind-hearted and must overcome various opposing forces. She tells viewers about her life in an abusive, dysfunctional family.
* The Tuc as Master — A man who has devoted his life to Buddhism. He is the catalyst for Lien's existential questions: What is the purpose of life? How can one avoid physical and emotional suffering?"
* Kim Xuyen as Stepmother — A nightmarish, devillish stepmother. She is the main reason for Lien's father's death and serves as a foil for Lien.

## Production

Xuoi nguoc duong tran was shot for 70 days in Vietnam, where the local film industry is still developing. The cast and crew had to deal with a number of obstacles, including crew members who got sick, paperwork, actors who were injured, a limited budget, and the prejudices of some Vietnamese people against the director, Linh Nga, because she was a woman and only 20 years old. Another challenge was travelling across Vietnam to film the Sóc Trăng pagoda scenes.
Parts of the film, mainly Buddhist scenes near the end, were shot in the ancient temples of Sóc Trăng.

## Themes

Xuoi nguoc duong tran sought to recover the voices of Vietnamese women. Its creators cast a wide net in their effort to share, understand, and include women's experiences, points of view, and positions in traditional Vietnamese life. Most importantly, the series sought answers to the question of how to overcome suffering in life.

## Honours and awards

* VIFF 2002
# To the Last Day

To the Last Day (Korean: 이 생명 다하도록 Saengmyeong Dahadorok) is a 1960 South Korean drama film directed by Shin Sang-ok. It was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Silver Bear Extraordinary Jury Prize.

## Cast

* Choi Eun-hee
* Kim Jin-kyu
* Namkoong Won
* Shin Seong-il
* Kim Hye-jeong
# Wümme Depression

The Wümme Depression (German: Wümmeniederung) is a bog, geest and forest landscape within the Elbe–Weser triangle in the German state of Lower Saxony. It belongs mainly to the district of Rotenburg and is part of the Stade Geest. To the south it borders on the Achim-Verden Geest. It has no sharply defined boundary with the Lüneburg Heath; as a result many places are seen as belonging to both regions. Typical of the gently undulating terrain are the many small rivers, streams and lakes. These include the rivers Wümme, Wieste, Fintau, Rodau, Wiedau and Vissel, as well as the twin lakes known in German as the Bullenseen. In this ancient landscape Low German is commonly spoken.
The Wümme Depression is designated by the European Environment Agency (EEA) as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC), no. DE2723331, within their Natura 2000 ecological network. The SAC has an area of 8,578.95 hectares (33.1235 sq mi).
The villages and towns of the Wümme Depression are:
* Rotenburg an der Wümme
* Scheeßel
* Lauenbrück
* Fintel
* Gyhum
* Sottrum
* Ahausen
* Ottersberg
* Fischerhude
* Bothel
* Visselhövede