OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# IGA Cable Car

The IGA Cable Car (German: IGA-Seilbahn, IGA 2017-Seilbahn, Seilbahn Berlin), also known as Berlin Cableway, IGA Ropeway or IGA Cableway, is a 1.58 km (0.98 mi)-long gondola lift line serving and crossing the Erholungspark Marzahn in Berlin, capital of Germany. Built for the Internationale Gartenausstellung 2017 (IGA 2017), an international horticultural exhibition, it is the first cableway opened in the German capital.

## History

On 27 February 2014, the contract between the Italian society Leitner AG, from South Tyrol, and the IGA Berlin 2017 GmbH, was signed for a new cableway. Leitner AG bears the costs for construction and operation of around 14 million EUR. The construction of the cableway started on 16 March 2016 and went on until the late summer of that year. In September 2016, the first testing trip started with the mayor Michael Müller. The official opening was on April 13, 2017, and the ride was included in the admission ticket to the expo.

## Route

The line runs 1.58 km (0.98 mi), across the Erholungspark Marzahn, from the Kienbergpark to the Kienberg hill, and then down again to Blumberger Damm, at Gärten der Welt station. A journey takes five minutes, can transport 3,000 passengers per hour in both directions and there will be around 62 gondolas for ten people each.
The eastern terminus station, Kienbergpark, is linked with the U-Bahn station of Kienberg (Gärten der Welt), on the U5 line. Named "Neue Grottkauer Straße" until 2016, it was renamed in that way for the upcoming expo.
Other nearby stations are Cottbusser Platz (U5 line), 500 m from Kienbergpark station; and the tram stop "Adersleber Weg" (lines M8 and 18), 1 km west of Gärten der Welt station.
| Station | Km | Amsl | Coords | Links |
| Kienbergpark | 0.00 | 35 | 52°31′50″N 13°35′24″E﻿ / ﻿52.530483°N 13.590005°E﻿ / 52.530483; 13.590005 | Kienberg (metro station) |
| Kienberg (Bergstation) | 0.75 | 102 | 52°32′02″N 13°34′50″E﻿ / ﻿52.533983°N 13.580446°E﻿ / 52.533983; 13.580446 | – |
| Gärten der Welt | 1.58 | 40 | 52°32′09″N 13°34′07″E﻿ / ﻿52.535951°N 13.568617°E﻿ / 52.535951; 13.568617 | – |

## Gallery

* Kienbergpark station
* The cableway with Kienberg Hill in background
* Gondolas
# Indirect DNA damage

Indirect DNA damage occurs when a UV-photon is absorbed in the human skin by a chromophore that does not have the ability to convert the energy into harmless heat very quickly. Molecules that do not have this ability have a long-lived excited state. This long lifetime leads to a high probability for reactions with other molecules—so-called bimolecular reactions. Melanin and DNA have extremely short excited state lifetimes in the range of a few femtoseconds (10$^{−15}$s). The excited state lifetime of compounds used in sunscreens such as menthyl anthranilate, avobenzone or padimate O is 1,000 to 1,000,000 times longer than that of melanin, and therefore they may cause damage to living cells that come in contact with them.
The molecule that originally absorbs the UV-photon is called a "chromophore". Bimolecular reactions can occur either between the excited chromophore and DNA or between the excited chromophore and another species, to produce free radicals and reactive oxygen species. These reactive chemical species can reach DNA by diffusion and the bimolecular reaction damages the DNA (oxidative stress). Unlike direct DNA damage which causes sunburn, indirect DNA damage does not result in any warning signal or pain in the human body.
The bimolecular reactions that cause the indirect DNA damage are illustrated in the figure:
    $\mathrm {(Chromophore)^{*}+^{3}O_{2}\ {\xrightarrow}\ Chromophore+^{1}O_{2}}$
$^1$O$_2$ is reactive harmful singlet oxygen:
    $\mathrm {^{1}O_{2}+intact\ DNA\ {\xrightarrow}\^{3}O_{2}+damaged\ DNA}$

## Location of the damage

Unlike direct DNA damage, which occurs in areas directly exposed to UV-B light, reactive chemical species can travel through the body and affect other areas—possibly even inner organs. The traveling nature of the indirect DNA damage can be seen in the fact that the malignant melanoma can occur in places that are not directly illuminated by the sun—in contrast to basal-cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which appear only on directly illuminated locations on the body.
# Andreas Mattsson

Per Andreas Mattsson, (born 10 April 1967) is a Swedish singer perhaps best known as the lead singer of the band Popsicle. He has also had a solo career. In 2021, he was one of the singers part of the twelfth season of Så mycket bättre which was broadcast on TV4.

## Discography
### Albums

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | SWE | Album |
| "Kick death's ass" | 2011 | 24 | |
# Long Yan

Long Yan (Chinese: 龙艳, born 22 September 1973) is a Chinese former synchronized swimmer who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Rudolph G. Penner

Rudolph G. Penner (born 1936 in Amherstburg, Ontario) is a Canadian-American economist who was the director of the United States Congressional Budget Office from September 1, 1983, through April 28, 1987.
Penner attained a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Toronto. He enrolled in Johns Hopkins University and earned a doctorate in the discipline. He subsequently entered academia, receiving a professorship at the University of Rochester, where he concentrated on tax policy.
After joining the Office of Management & Budget, Penner rose to become the agency's chief economist during the Ford administration. Previous federal posts included stints as deputy assistant secretary for economic affairs with the U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development and senior staff economist for the Council of Economic Advisors. In 1977, he left government to take a fellowship with the American Enterprise Institute. At the time of his appointment as head of the CBO, he expressed interest in shifting toward consumption-based taxes and working toward reduction of the federal deficit.
Penner later worked as director of the Barents Group consulting firm. He currently works as a fellow at the Urban Institute. He also serves on the board of directors of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.
# Rovačko Trebaljevo

Rovačko Trebaljevo (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Ровачко Требаљево) is a village in the municipality of Kolašin, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, its population was 208.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Montenegrins | 113 | 54.3% |
| Serbs | 84 | 40.4% |
| other/undeclared | 11 | 5.3% |
| Total | 208 | 100% |
# Marc Weidenbaum

Marc Weidenbaum (born 1966) publishes a webzine, Disquiet, about electronic ambient music and has contributed to the scientific journal Nature upon this subject. He was also a vice-president of magazines and an editor-in-chief for two of Viz Media's magazines.

## Career

Prior to his current position, he was a laundry room attendant at summer camp; an office manager at a graphic design company; a senior editor at Tower Records' Pulse! (and Classical Pulse!) magazine from 1989-1996, and as contributing editor to Pulse! from 1997-2002; and the editorial director for music at citysearch.com.
At Viz Media he was the managing editor of Shonen Jump. and was then promoted to editorial director after helping launch the Naruto Collector magazine. Later he became vice president and editor-in-chief of both Shonen Jump and the sister magazine Shojo Beat. He left the company in February 2009.

## Writing and editing

In 1991, he wrote for Pulse! upon the popularity of Gregorian chants with college dope-smokers. Pulse! magazine published a monthly cartoon and his editorial policy was to ask artists to submit three strip cartoons to choose from. He now writes for the journals Nature and his web magazine Disquiet on the subject of ambient sound and experimental music. In 2014 Bloomsbury published his book on the album Selected Ambient Works Volume II by Aphex Twin as part of its 33 1/3 series.
# Fernand Girard

Fernand Girard (19 February 1924 – 2 July 2004) was an Independent member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Saint-Cyriac, Quebec and became a journalist, including editor of Le Réveil de Jonquière.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Lapointe riding in the 1953 general election. After serving his only term, the 22nd Canadian Parliament, Girard was defeated by Augustin Brassard of the Liberal party.
After this, Girard moved to provincial politics where he became general secretary and cabinet chief of Quebec's Union Nationale party, serving under Premier Daniel Johnson, Sr. After his retirement, he became vice-president of Société québécoise d’initiative pétrolière (SOQUIP).
In 1954, with Gaston D'Auteuil, Girard wrote the book Artisans d'un beau Royaume, a historic review of the Sageunay-Lac-Saint-Jean area.
Girard died at Jonquière on 2 July 2004, aged 80.
His son Rémy Girard is a noted Canadian actor.
# Benthocodon

Benthocodon is a genus of hydrozoans of the family Rhopalonematidae. The genus contains two known species: Benthocodon hyalinus and Benthocodon pedunculatus, however due to the small size and red pigmentation, they can easily be confused with related genera. Unlike many hydromedusae, these jellyfish do not have a sessile stage. Rather, they spend their entire lives in the water column as plankton. The genus Benthocodon can be found near the sea floor in the Pacific Ocean from Antarctica to California to the Arctic Ocean.
The benthocodon's predators are mainly larger fish. They primarily feeds off of crustaceous and foraminifean forms. They live in the Pacific Ocean from California to Antarctica to the Arctic Ocean near the sea floor. They eat by paralyzing their prey using their red tentacles then they pull it in to consume. They also have a red inner membrane which helps when hunting due to it masking the bioluminescence of their prey so they can eat without attracting predators.
# Birgitta Svendén

Birgitta Svendén (née Lundberg, 20 March 1952), is a Swedish operatic mezzo-soprano.
Svendén was born in Porjus and then raised in Vuollerim. She studied at Operahögskolan in Stockholm, and later embarked on an international career in the first place as a Wagner singer, especially at the Bayreuth Festival where she sang several performances between 1983 and 1999, many of those as Erda. She was also a frequent guest at the Metropolitan Opera in New York between 1988 and 2000. Her artistic base remained at the Royal Swedish Opera where she was contracted from 1981 to 2004.
Birgitta Svendén was appointed hovsångerska in 1995. She is also a full member of the Academy of Music and an honorary doctor at the Lulea University of Technology. From 1 August 2005 to 2009, she was the rector of the Opera School in Stockholm. Since 1 February 2010, she has been General Manager of the Royal Swedish Opera.

## Recordings

The Flying Dutchman (1994), conducted by James Levine with Metropolitan Opera orchestra and chorus. Cast included James Morris, Deborah Voigt, Jan-Hendrik Rootering, Ben Heppner, Paul Groves, and Birgitta Svendén. She also sang Erda in Das Rheingold and Siegfried in the Met Opera Ring Cycle CDs and DVDs recorded between 1987 and 1991 conducted by Levine with Morris, Behrens, Wlaschiha, Goldberg (Siegfried CD), Jerusalem (Siegfried DVD) and Ludwig.

## Videography

* The Metropolitan Opera Gala 1991, Deutsche Grammophon DVD, 00440-073-4582
# Aliya Karimova

Aliya Karimova (born 31 January 1978) is a Kazakhstani synchronized swimmer. She competed in the women's duet at the 2000 and 2004 Olympic Games.
# Magic minute

The magic minute, or leadership minute, is a custom in the United States House of Representatives that allows party leaders to speak for as long as they wish, in contrast with other members, who have to adhere to strict time limits. The convention was notably used by Nancy Pelosi and Kevin McCarthy in 2018 and 2021, respectively, to speak for records of over eight hours.

## Background

Speeches one minute in length are allowed before or after legislative sessions every day. The members are asked to stay within a 300 word limit. The speeches are granted with permission from the Speaker.
The magic minute is distinct from the Senate filibuster. The House speaker, majority leader, and minority leader are afforded this privilege and their speeches are considered to have taken one minute, regardless of actual length. This has the effect of not taking up other members' allotted times. The House parliamentarian has advised in response to queries regarding time limits that "it is the custom of the House to hear the leader's remarks" and that party leaders had "used a customary amount of time" in answer to parliamentary inquiries about how much time had elapsed since they began speaking.

## History

The custom has been used by leaders of both parties. Champ Clark, the minority leader in 1909, spoke for five hours and fifteen minutes against tax reforms; this remained the record for over a hundred years.
In June 2009, minority leader John Boehner spoke for under two hours opposing an energy bill, the American Clean Energy and Security Act.
In February 2018, Democratic minority leader Nancy Pelosi used the magic minute (calling it the "leadership minute") to speak for a then-record of eight hours and seven minutes, calling for legislation protecting DREAMers. Much of the speech was spent reading their letters; the feat was called "pretty darned impressive" by Republican Speaker of the House Paul Ryan, who highlighted her use of high heels throughout the speech.
In November 2021, minority leader Kevin McCarthy used the magic minute to speak for eight hours and thirty-two minutes, prior to the passage of President Joe Biden's Build Back Better bill. During the speech, McCarthy mentioned how he became a Republican partly because of President Jimmy Carter's penchant for wearing sweaters and how baby carrots were "just big carrots. They chop 'em and they charge you more and you buy them." Other talking points included how he wished he "could have been in Tiananmen Square and ... there knocking down the Berlin Wall", and how he could not "even afford to test drive a Tesla, and Elon is one of [his] best friends."
In the aftermath of McCarthy's speech, the longest in the House's modern history, White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki remarked that he did not talk about climate change or child care costs, despite the length of the speech.
# M. Saravanan (director)

M. Saravanan is an Indian film director, best known for directing the film Engeyum Eppodhum (2011).

## Career

Saravanan began his career as an assistant director under director A. R. Murugadoss. In 2009, he made his directorial debut with the Telugu film Ganesh starring Ram. In 2011, he directed his first Tamil film Engeyum Eppodhum which featured Jai, Anjali, Ananya and Sharvanand, and was produced by his mentor A. R. Murugadoss in association with Fox Star Studios. The film gained very positive responses from critics and audience alike, emerging a sleeper hit. He was honoured with an award by the Human Rights Organization for directing Engeyum Eppodhum with a "very relevant social message which is the need of the hour".
Additionally, Saravanan directed the Tamil film Naadu, which portrays a real-time story set in the beautiful Kolli Hills. Through his direction, Saravanan brings his creative vision to life, capturing the essence of the location and delivering an engaging narrative.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Language | Notes |
| Year | Film | Language | Notes | 2009 | Ganesh Just Ganesh | Telugu |
| 2011 | Engeyum Eppodhum | Tamil | |
| 2013 | Ivan Veramathiri | Tamil | |
| 2015 | Valiyavan | Tamil | |
| 2016 | Chakravyuha | Kannada | Remake of Ivan Veramathiri |
| 2022 | Raangi | Tamil | |
| 2023 | Naadu | Tamil | |

## Awards

| Film | Award | Category | Result | Ref |
| Engeyum Eppodhum | Edison Award 2012 | Best Debut Director | Won | |
| Engeyum Eppodhum | 6th Vijay Awards | Best Director | Nominated | |
| Engeyum Eppodhum | 6th Vijay Awards | Best Story, Screenplay Writer | Nominated | |
| Engeyum Eppodhum | 1st South Indian International Movie Awards | Best Director | Nominated | [14] [15] |
| Engeyum Eppodhum | 1st South Indian International Movie Awards | Best Debut Director | Won | [14] [15] |
# Reduviasporonites

Reduviasporonites is an ichnogenus of palynomorphs. It was first described from specimens found in the Flowerpot Formation by L. R. Wilson in 1962. That first paper conjectured that they were a type of Penicillium fungus. Another analysis suggested that it might have been algal. It has been classified as phragmospores, having cell walls in a ladder-like formation.
It is of interest as possible evidence for a spike in fungal abundance associated with the Permian–Triassic extinction event.
# Mne ne nuzhna informatsiya

Mne Ne Nuzhna Informatsiya (Russian: Мне Не Нужна Информация, meaning "I Don't Need The Information") is a 1992 remix album by Technology. It features re-recorded versions of a selection of songs which had originally appeared on the album Vsyo, chto ty khochesh.

## Track listing
### Mne Ne Nuzhna Informatsiya

* SK05-35 – Cassette edition
* "Polchasa" (Half an hour) [New Mix/Gala Mix]
* "Informatsiya" (Information) [new track!]
* "Shutnik" (Jester) [Mega mix]
* "Pesni Ni O Chyom" (Songs about nothing) [House Mix]
* "Segodnya Nochyu" (Today at night) [new track!]
* "Vsyo, Chto Ty Khochesh" (All that you want) [Beg Mix/Next Mix]
* "Kholodny Sled" (Cold trail) [Metal Mix]
* "Shutnik" (Jester) [Sympho Mis/House Mix]

### Mne Ne Nuzhna Informatsiya(re-release 2003)

* 010 254-2 – CD edition
# Rivica

Rivica (Serbian Cyrillic: Ривица) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Irig municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 657 people (2002 census).

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, Rivica has a population of 657, 535 of whom are adults. The average age of the population is 43.2 years (40.9 for men and 45.5 for women). There are 224 households in the village.
# Epicrocis ornatella

Epicrocis ornatella is a species of snout moth in the genus Epicrocis. It was described by Boris Balinsky in 1994 and is found in South Africa.
# SimThyr

SimThyr is a free continuous dynamic simulation program for the pituitary-thyroid feedback control system. The open-source program is based on a nonlinear model of thyroid homeostasis. In addition to simulations in the time domain the software supports various methods of sensitivity analysis. Its simulation engine is multi-threaded and supports multiple processor cores. SimThyr provides a GUI, which allows for visualising time series, modifying constant structure parameters of the feedback loop (e.g. for simulation of certain diseases), storing parameter sets as XML files (referred to as "scenarios" in the software) and exporting results of simulations in various formats that are suitable for statistical software. SimThyr is intended for both educational purposes and in-silico research.

## Mathematical model

The underlying model of thyroid homeostasis is based on fundamental biochemical, physiological and pharmacological principles, e.g. Michaelis-Menten kinetics, non-competitive inhibition and empirically justified kinetic parameters. The model has been validated in healthy controls and in cohorts of patients with hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis.

## Scientific uses

Multiple studies have employed SimThyr for in silico research on the control of thyroid function.
The original version was developed to check hypotheses about the generation of pulsatile TSH release. Later and expanded versions of the software were used to develop the hypothesis of the TSH-T3 shunt in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, to assess the validity of calculated parameters of thyroid homeostasis (including SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD) and to study allostatic mechanisms leading to non-thyroidal illness syndrome.
SimThyr was also used to show that the release rate of thyrotropin is controlled by multiple factors other than T4 and that the relation between free T4 and TSH may be different in euthyroidism, hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis.

## Public perception, reception and discussion of the software

SimThyr is free and open-source software. This ensures the source code to be available, which facilitates scientific discussion and reviewing of the underlying model. Additionally, the fact that it is freely available may result in economical benefits.
The software provides an editor that enables users to modify most structure parameters of the information processing structure. This functionality fosters simulation of several functional diseases of the thyroid and the pituitary gland. Parameter sets may be stored as MIRIAM- and MIASE-compliant XML files.
On the other hand, the complexity of the user interface and the lack of the ability to model treatment effects have been criticized.
# Qobad Bazn

Qobad Bazn (Persian: قبادبزن, also Romanized as Qobād Bazn and Qobādbezan) is a village in Kahak Rural District, Kahak District, Qom County, Qom Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 613, in 174 families.
There is a shrine (Shahzade Mohsen) and mosque in Qobad Bazn village and cemetery in the village's main square and near the shrine and the mosque was. Some names from the village Kavad father of Sassanid king Khosrow G. Anoushirvan know. Also near the village there are some works belonging to the Sassanid coins and statues as well as ancient objects have been discovered.
# Household net worth

Household total net is the net worth for individuals living together in a household and is used as a measure in economics to compare wealth. The household net worth is the value of total assets minus the total value of outstanding liabilities, which are current obligations of a household arising from past transactions or events.

## Disposable income

Household financial net worth is the balancing item of their financial balance sheet recorded at current market values. Total net worth is measured as a percentage of net disposable income.

## Purchasing power parity

The United States Census Bureau has collected uniform data on household income since the 1960s. The Bureau undertakes an annual Current Population Survey (CPS) and publishes detailed information on household income.
The financial net worth of a household is calculated as the ratio of financial net worth of households divided by the number of individuals in the country, expressed in United States dollars at current purchasing power parity.

## Household wellbeing

The household net worth can be assessed by considering factors that contribute to the household wellbeing, such as access to finance, debt default, and measures of economic security.

## Top 10 countries with largest household net worth

Household net worth Source: OECD :
| Country | % of net disposable income, 2017 |
| Belgium | 699.4 |
| Netherlands | 687.9 |
| United States | 683 |
| Canada | 585.1 |
| Denmark | 582.8 |
| Sweden | 578 |
| France | 553.7 |
| United Kingdom | 499.9 |
| Germany | 468.9 |
| Austria | 444.1 |
| Australia | 434.3 |
| Luxembourg | 423.7 |
| South Korea | 365.5 |
| Czech Republic | 349.3 |