OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Janko Lavrin

Janko Lavrin (10 February 1887 – 13 August 1986) was a Slovene novelist, poet, critic, translator, and historian. He was Professor Andrej Jelenc DiCaprio of Slavonic Studies at the University of Nottingham. An enthusiast for psycho-analysis, he wrote what he called 'psycho-critical studies' of Ibsen, Nietzsche and Tolstoy.

## Biography

Lavrin was born in Krupa, White Carniola, Slovenia. He was educated in Austria, Russia and Scandinavia, moving to St Petersburg in 1908 to study Russian language and literature. He was a journalist in St Petersburg before World War I. In 1915 and 1916 he served as war correspondent for Novoye Vremya covering the Serbian army's retreat through Albania.
Returning to Russia in 1917, Lavrin decided to stay in the UK. He found work as a journalist, becoming part of the circle around A. R. Orage. In 1919 Bernard Pares helped Lavrin to get a teaching job at the University of Nottingham, and he became Professor of Slavonic Studies there in 1923.
Lavrin was a friend of the Russian critic D. S. Mirsky in London in the 1920s. In 1928 he married the artist and book illustrator Nora Fry. In 1934–1935 he edited The European Quarterly with Edwin Muir. During World War II he joined the BBC, broadcasting to occupied Europe. He rejoined Nottingham University part-time in 1944.
He encouraged a teaching assistant, Monica Partridge, to begin a doctorate. In 1949 she was appointed as an Assistant Lecturer to Lavrin.
After Lavrin's retirement in 1952 Monica Partridge would lead the university's department of Slavic studies. Meanwhile Lavrin continued to write and translate.

## Works

* В стране вечной войны: Албанские эскизы (In the country in the spring of war: Albanian sketches), Petrograd, 1916.
* "Dostoevsky and His Creation: a psycho-critical study", London, 1920
* Tolstoy: a psycho-critical study, London, 1922
* Studies in European literature, London, 1929
* Aspects of modernism: from Wilde to Pirandello, London, 1935
* An introduction to the Russian novel, New York and London, 1943
* Dostoevsky: a study, New York, 1943
* Pushkin and Russian literature, London, 1947
* Tolstoy: an approach, London, 1948
* From Pushkin to Mayakovsky: a study in the evolution of literature, London, 1948
* Ibsen: an approach, London, 1950
* Nikolai Gogol, 1809-1852: a centenary survey, London, 1951
* Goncharov, New Haven, 1953
* Russian writers: their lives and literature, 1954
* Lermontov, London, 1959
* Russia, Slavdom and the Western World, London, 1969
* Nietzsche: a biographical introduction, 1971
* A panorama of Russian literature, London, 1973
* "Introduction to the Work of Vladimir Solovyov". Transformations of Eros: An Odyssey from Platonic to Christian Eros. Grailstone Press. 2004. pp. 7–23. ISBN 1-59650-001-8.
# Akram Ahmed

Akram Ahmed was a veteran of the Bangladesh Liberation War as a pilot as part of Operation Kilo Flight, the beginning of Bangladesh Air Force. For his bravery in the war, the government of Bangladesh awarded him the title of Bir Uttom, one of a few civilians to have received the award.

## Career

In 1971, Akram Ahmed worked in the East Pakistan Plant Protection Directorate. At that time, the Plant Protection Directorate had its own crop duster to control insects. When the Bangladesh Liberation War started, he fled from Dhaka to India in May. There he met Khaled Musharraf and expressed interest in taking part in the ground war. Khaled Musharraf told him to stay in Agartala for some time. A few months later the air wing of Mukti Bahini was formed. Ahmed took part in about 12 took part in the attack.
After midnight on 2 December 1971 Ahmed flew a small plane from an Indian airport for Bangladesh. He was accompanied by Shamsul Alam. Their target was the oil depot in Chittagong Port. They arrived at their target after flying for about three hours. They successfully bombed the airport with no navigation equipment except a compass.
After the Bangladesh Liberation War ended Ahmed joined Bangladesh Biman, the national airlines of Bangladesh. He was active in the Nirmul Committee.
Ahmed worked as a senior consultant of Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh.

## Death

Ahmed died on 7 December 2020, at the Combined Military Hospital in Dhaka. He was hospitalized with pneumonia after catching COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. He was buried in Banani graveyard with a guard of honor provided by Bangladesh Air Force.
# Shimabara Domain Physic Garden

The Shimabara Domain physic garden (旧島原藩薬園, Shimabara-han Yakuen) was an Edo period physic garden, located in the Oyama neighborhood of the city of Shimabara, Kagoshima Prefecture Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1929. Along with the Morino Botanical Garden in Nara and Sata physic gardens in Kagoshima it is regarded as one of the three major pre-modern botanical gardens in Japan.

## Overview

Matsudaira Tadanari, the daimyō of Shimabara Domain, invited Kaku Saichiro, a disciple of Philipp Franz von Siebold who popularized Western medicine in Nagasaki to work as a domain doctor in 1842 and to establish a school to teach western medicine. The following year he was ordered to establish a garden to cultivate medicinal herbs in the grounds of the Seishukan medical school. However, the conditions for cultivation were not good, and in 1846 vassal of the domain, Iijima Yoshizumi, was appointed as the garden director and the garden relocated the foot of Mount Mayu in Mount Unzen.The garden was expanded in 1853 to reach its current dimensions. In addition to medicinal research, the garden was intended to be a source of revenue for the domain; however, it was abolished in 1869 without ever fully functioning.
Archaeological excavation, restoration and maintenance of the garden remains began in 1974. The site measures approximately 90 meters north-to-south and 110 meters east-to-west and is surrounded on three sides by stone walls to the east, west, and north, with a dike to the south. The park is divided into north and south by a road and consists of terraced fields. The stone walls, remains of the residence buildings, storage sheds, water tanks, etc. have been restored to recreate the appearance of the time. There are also remains of the barracks and warehouses for the garden workers, and currently the garden cultivates approximately 400 types of medicinal herbs.
# Tapela and Another v Attorney General and Others

Tapela and Another v Attorney General and Others is a legal case in Botswana concerning the right of two HIV-positive non-citizen prisoners to access antiretroviral (ARV) medication at state expense. On 22 August 2014, the High Court of Botswana in Gaborone ordered the government of Botswana to provide ARV medication to the prisoners.

## Background

The case was brought by two Zimbabwean citizens who were imprisoned in Gaborone Central Prison and the Botswana Network on Ethics, Law and HIV/AIDS (BONELA). The two prisoners were both diagnosed as HIV-positive in prison. They were denied ARV treatment despite that their physical conditions met the treatment criteria under the government's Treatment Guidelines. The government denied them ARV treatment on the basis that they were not citizens. HIV-positive prisoners who were citizens were given access to ARV treatment at state expense in terms of the government's policy at the time.

## Litigation

The applicants brought a legal challenge against the government's refusal to provide the inmates with ARV treatment in the High Court in Gaborone. They argued that their denial of access to treatment, and the policy underlying the government's refusal to provide treatment, were unlawful and unconstitutional.

### Default judgment

The state respondents initially failed to defend the application. Default judgment was therefore issued in the applicants' favour in March 2014. The default judgment was rescinded with the parties’ consent on 19 March 2014.

### High Court judgment

The merits of the case were argued in the Gaborone High Court on 10 June 2014. On 22 August 2014, Judge Bengame Sechele ruled in the applicants' favour. The Court held that the policy denying foreign prisoners ARV treatment was unlawful in terms of the common law, statutory law and the Constitution of Botswana. The Court held that denying the prisoners ARV treatment unjustifiably limited their rights to life, equality, and freedom from inhuman and degrading treatment. The Court ordered the Botswana government to enroll all foreign prisoners who meet the treatment criteria on ARV treatment.
The government respondents initially indicated an intention to comply with the Court's order but have since appealed the High Court decision to the Botswana Court of Appeal.
# Liya

Liya may refer to:

## People

* Liya Akhedzhakova (born 1938), Soviet and Russian film, stage and voice actress
* Liya Brooks (born 2005), American professional footballer
* Liya Kebede (born 1978), Ethiopian-born model, maternal health advocate, clothing designer, and actress
* Liya (musician) (born 1999), Nigerian singer and songwriter
* Ai Liya (born 1965), Chinese film and television actress
* Ji Liya (born 1981), Chinese gymnast
* Liya Nurkina (born 1984), Kazakhstani taekwondo practitioner
* Liya Shakirova (1921–2015), Soviet and Russian linguist
* Tong Liya (born 1983), Chinese actress

## Other

* Lia, Iran (also Liya), a village in Dashtabi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Dashtabi District, Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province
# Devikshatri

Devikshatri (fl. 1603), was queen consort of Cambodia. She played an important role in politics as queen mother, and orchestrated the accession of two of her grandsons.
She was the chief queen of king Paramaraja I and the mother of king Satha I. Her son was deposed by Preah Ram I in 1594, in the confusion following the Thai sack. Her grandson Barom Reachea II retook his father's throne in 1596. He was succeeded by his brother Barom Reachea III.
When he died in 1600, queen Devikshatri supported her sixteen-year-old grandson, Nom, a third son of King Sattha, to ascend the throne. She convinced the officials and ministers and arranged for his succession as Kaev Hua I.
In 1603, she withdrew her support to the king. She consulted the oknha, and then successfully asked the Thai king to release her husband’s second son, Suriyobarna, as she considered him more worthy of the throne. Devikshatri:
    "called all the ministers together and consulted with them … [then] stripped her grandson prince Nom of sovereignty, gathered the royal family and the court, and offered the throne to Suriyobarna."
Suriyobarna then succeeded as king Srei Soriyopear.
# Ron Wilson (rugby union)

Ron Wilson (born 7 January 1954) is a former Scotland international rugby union player. His regular playing position was Fly half.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

He went to Fettes College and was described as having a 'strong and accurate kick' at fly-half.
Wilson played for and captained London Scottish.

### Provincial career

He played for the Anglo-Scots district.

### International career

His first and only cap for Scotland 'B' came on 18 January 1975 against France 'B'.
He had 9 full senior caps for Scotland from 1976 to 1983.
# Coleophora preisseckeri

Coleophora preisseckeri is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from Spain, France, Italy, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, southern Russia, North Macedonia and Turkey.
# William Watson (Scottish physicist)

William Watson FRSE (15 June 1884 – 28 June 1952) was a 20th-century Scottish physicist and mathematician.

## Life

He was born on 15 June 1884 in Musselburgh just east of Edinburgh, the son of Janet Watson of Tranent and her husband, William Watson of Fossoway, then headmaster of Musselburgh Grammar School. He attended his father's school from 1891 to 1898 then completed his education at the Royal High School, Edinburgh. He was school dux in 1902.
He matriculated at the University of Edinburgh in 1902, originally studying classics, but then transferred to study mathematics and natural philosophy (Physics). He graduated with an MA in 1907. He then undertook postgraduate studies at the University of Leipzig in Germany. Returning to Edinburgh for further postgraduate study, he then decided to train as a teacher. In 1912 he was appointed Head of Physics at Heriot-Watt College.
In 1923 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Francis Gibson Baily, Henry Briggs, Alfred Archibald Boon and Arthur Pillans Laurie.
He retired in 1944 and died in Edinburgh on 28 June 1952. He was unmarried and had no children.

## Publications

* A Textbook of Physics
# Coleophora dignella

Coleophora dignella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Spain, France, Italy, Germany, the Czech Republic, Austria, Romania, North Macedonia, Greece and southern and northern Russia.
The larvae feed on the seeds of Onobrychis species.
# Coleophora ochroflava

Coleophora ochroflava is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in north-western Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece and Italy.
The larvae feed on the leaves of Atriplex tatarica, Atriplex nitens, Atriplex verrucifera and Halimione partulocoides.
# Coleophora dentiferella

Coleophora dentiferella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Italy, France, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, North Macedonia and Greece.
The larvae feed on the leaves of Minuartia mutabilis.
# Coleophora magnatella

Coleophora magnatella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Afghanistan and Iran.
The larvae feed on Glycyrrhiza glabra and Meristotropis triphylla. They feed on the shoots of their host plant.
# Junkersdorf

Junkersdorf is a historic village, now quarter 306 of the city of Cologne, Germany, in District Three.

## Geography

Junkersdorf lies to the west of the historic city centre, next to the Köln-West motorway junction where Bundesautobahn 1 and Bundesautobahn 4 intersect. The old road from Cologne to Jülich runs north of the village, and from Cologne to Aachen to the south.

## History

The earliest mention of Junkersdorf is in a charter of Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne, dating from 962. The first reference to a parish church was in 1223. From the early 15th century until 1794 Junkersdorf was an independent lordship within the Electorate of Cologne. During the French period, Junkersdorf became part of nearby Lövenich (now Cologne quarter 308). In 1975 Junkersdorf became part of the City of Cologne.
In 1586, during the Cologne War (1583–1588) it was the site of the Junkersdorf Massacre, when marauding soldiers attacked a civilian convoy.
In the 1920s a number of Bauhaus residences were built.

## Famous inhabitants

* Klaus Bednarz, (1943–2015), journalist and writer.
* Mirja Boes, (born 1971), comedian and actress
* Karl-Erivan Haub, (1960–2018), businessman
* Hannes Löhr, (1942–2016), football player and manager
* Fritz Pott, (1939–2015), football player
* Willy Schneider (1905–1989), singer
50°55′55″N 6°51′26″E﻿ / ﻿50.9319°N 6.8572°E﻿ / 50.9319; 6.8572
* This Cologne location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# The Wild Swans at Coole (poem)

"The Wild Swans at Coole" is a lyric poem by the Irish poet William Butler Yeats (1865–1939). Written between 1916 and early 1917, the poem was first published in the June 1917 issue of the Little Review, and became the title poem in the Yeats's 1917 and 1919 collections The Wild Swans at Coole.
It was written during a period when Yeats was staying with his friend Lady Gregory at her home at Coole Park, and the assembled collection was dedicated to her son, Major Robert Gregory (1881–1918), a British airman killed during a friendly fire incident in the First World War. Literary scholar Daniel Tobin writes that Yeats was melancholy and unhappy, reflecting on his advancing age, romantic rejections by both Maud Gonne and her daughter Iseult Gonne, and the ongoing Irish rebellion against the British. Tobin reflects that the poem is about the poet's search for a lasting beauty in a changing world where beauty is mortal and temporary.

## Style and structure

The poem has a very regular stanza form: five six-line stanzas, each written in a roughly iambic meter, with the first and third lines in tetrameter, the second, fourth, and sixth lines in trimeter, and the fifth line in pentameter, so that the pattern of stressed syllables in each stanza is 434353. The rhyme scheme in each stanza is ABCBDD.

## Poem

   The trees are in their autumn beauty, The woodland paths are dry, Under the October twilight the water Mirrors a still sky; Upon the brimming water among the stones Are nine-and-fifty swans.
   The nineteenth autumn has come upon me Since I first made my count;
   I saw, before I had well finished,
   All suddenly mount
   And scatter wheeling in great broken rings
   Upon their clamorous wings.
   I have looked upon those brilliant creatures,
   And now my heart is sore.
   All's changed since I, hearing at twilight,
   The first time on this shore,
   The bell-beat of their wings above my head, Trod with a lighter tread.   Unwearied still, lover by lover,
   They paddle in the cold
   Companionable streams or climb the air;
   Their hearts have not grown old;
   Passion or conquest, wander where they will, Attend upon them still.
   But now they drift on the still water,
   Mysterious, beautiful;
   Among what rushes will they build, By what lake's edge or pool Delight men's eyes when I awake some day
   To find they have flown away?

## Popular culture

In his LP Branduardi canta Yeats (1986), Angelo Branduardi sings an Italian version (I Cigni di Coole) of this poem.
# Sandal-bearer

A sandal-bearer is a person who bears the sandals of his superior. The role existed in various cultures and epochs, being first documented in Egypt's Early Dynastic Period (c. 31st century BC).

## In Antiquity

In Ancient Egypt the role of sandal-bearer was documented for the first time in history. A sandal-bearer is depicted on the Narmer Macehead, as well as on both sides of the Narmer Palette, in which he is identified by a rosette and a club as the servant of the king. Based on interpretations of these depictions, the sandal-bearer was possibly a high-ranking official, accompanying the pharaoh on important occasions. In addition to carrying the sandals, the sandal-bearer would also perform the ancient practice of washing the king's feet.

## In Medieval times

Sandal-bearers also existed in Feudal Japan, being a position of relatively high status. Probably the most famous person to take on this role in Japan was Toyotomi Hideyoshi, during the Sengoku period. Being of humble origins, around 1557 he joined the Oda clan, then headed by Oda Nobunaga, as a lowly servant. He became one of Nobunaga's sandal-bearers and was present at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560 when Nobunaga defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto to become one of the most powerful warlords in the Sengoku period. After the death of Nobunaga, he secured a succession of high imperial court titles including, in 1585, the prestigious position of kanpaku (regent).
# Coleophora menephilella

Coleophora menephilella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Iran.
# Coleophora xanthoptera

Coleophora xanthoptera is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Algeria.
# Coleophora minaxella

Coleophora minaxella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Turkey.
# HM Prison Northumberland

HM Prison Northumberland is a Category C men's prison, located in Morpeth near the village of Acklington in Northumberland, England. Since 2013 Northumberland has been operated by private prison firm Sodexo Justice Services under contract with His Majesty's Prison Service. Healthcare services are provided by Spectrum Community Health CIC.

## History

Northumberland was formed on 31 October 2011 from a merger of HM Prison Acklington and HM Prison Castington and on 1 December 2013 management of HMP Northumberland passed from Her Majesty's Prison Service to Sodexo Justice Services. HMP Acklington was the most northerly adult prison in England, and was built on the site of the former RAF Acklington airfield.
When Sodexo Justice Services began management of Acklington Prison in 2013, the firm promised to save taxpayers' money and many jobs were lost. The Prison Officers Association warned at the time this could cause escapes and riots.
In March 2014, there was a "major incident" after more than fifty prisoners took over a wing at the former Acklington Prison. In August 2014 a prison officer was hospitalised by an inmate. In response to this incident Mike Quinn, vice chairman of the Northumbria branch of NAPO, made a statement criticising the "violent culture" at the institution which could cause an incident unable to be dealt with due to reduced staffing levels. Between 2010 and 2013 staff at HMP Northumberland were reduced from 441 to 270.
Fires broke out in six cells in November 2014 and seven inmates were evacuated from the prison. Following the evacuation there were violent incidents in the exercise yard. Inmates surrendered after additional officers were deployed. Firefighters tackled the blazes.
A 2017 BBC Panorama investigation found illegal drugs rife and prison staff "not in control". Staff were unable to confront prisoners due to lack of back up and prisoners threatened staff. Some door alarms did not work. Single prison officers dealt with large groups of prisoners. A hole in an internal security fence was found where prisoners could get out and find drugs or other contraband thrown over the prison fence. Prisoners were sometimes incapacitated by drugs.
In April 2024, RAAC was discovered across the site, requiring a number of buildings and House blocks to be closed.
# QueensPlaza

QueensPlaza is an upmarket shopping centre located in Central Business District of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, with frontages on Adelaide Street, Queen Street Mall, and Edward Street.
Construction began in September 2003. Stage 1 of QueensPlaza was completed in June 2005, with stage 2 being completed in October 2007. Stage 2 included giving the building more footage on the Adelaide Street side for more stores. The final stage, an expansion of David Jones, was opened in February 2008.
Car parking is available at five basement levels.
Fashion shows are held annually in the QueensPlaza as part of the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Festival Brisbane.

## Queens Plaza gallery

* QueensPlaza sculptures on Edward Street
* QueensPlaza entrance (corner Queen Street Mall and Edward Street)
* Tiffany & Co. Store
* Louis Vuitton's Brisbane Store
* Chanel Store, Brisbane
# Eriogonum lobbii

Eriogonum lobbii is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name Lobb's buckwheat or prostrate buckwheat. It is native to most of the mountain ranges of northern California and their extensions into Oregon and Nevada. It is found in a number of mountain plant communities. The plant is named after William Lobb (1809–1864), the English plant collector.

## Description

This is a low-lying perennial with a woody caudex spreading to about 40 centimeters in maximum width. It forms a patch of round, paddle-shaped, woolly, gray-green leaves one to twenty centimeters wide in rocky areas. Its inflorescence is rarely erect, instead drooping or extending parallel to the ground, rarely higher than 15 centimeters.
At the end of each prostrate stem is a puffy, woolly, rounded cluster of flowers. Each flower is less than a centimeter wide, petals united in a 5-fold cup, and may be cream to yellowish or pink with red stripes. On level ground the flowerheads surround the cluster of basal leaves; on a hillside they all droop downhill.