OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sangamon-class escort carrier

The Sangamon class were a group of four escort aircraft carriers of the United States Navy that served during World War II.

## Overview

These ships were originally Cimarron-class oilers, launched in 1939 for civilian use. They were acquired and commissioned by the U.S. Navy in 1940–1941. Due to the shortage of MARAD type C3 ships for conversion to desperately needed escort carriers, it was decided in early 1942 to convert four oilers to escort carriers. The conversion took around six months.
These ships were the largest escort carrier conversions built for the U.S. Navy. The late-war Commencement Bay-class escort carriers were about as large, but were built as carriers from keel up. Being built as T3 tanker oilers, the machinery space was located aft, resulting in the placing of the smokestacks on both sides aft of the flight deck. They were excellent examples of the type, roomy and tough with a large flight deck and good stability on even high seas. The Sangamons could operate about 30 aircraft, and were the only escort carriers to operate dive bombers.
The Sangamon class were all renamed for rivers following the contemporary U.S. Navy practice for oilers when taken into naval service and retained those names following their conversions to carriers.

## Service history

From late 1942 until the end of the war the ships saw active duty in the Mediterranean, Atlantic and Pacific Campaigns. Three of the class were damaged by Japanese kamikaze attacks at the Battle of Leyte Gulf, but all survived the war. In the Pacific, the carriers often operated together as Carrier Division 22.
The ships were withdrawn from active service shortly after the end of the war. Some of them were kept in reserve and reclassified as helicopter escort carriers (CVHE). All had been sold or scrapped by the early 1960s.

## Ships

List of Sangamon-class escort carriers :
| Ship name | Hull no. | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Recommissioned as escort carrier | Decommissioned | Fate |
| Sangamon | CVE-26 | Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Kearny, New Jersey | 13 March 1939 | 4 November 1939 | 25 August 1942 | 24 October 1945 | Struck 1 November 1945; Scrapped in Osaka, Japan, August 1960 |
| Suwannee | CVE-27 | Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Kearny, New Jersey | 3 June 1938 | 4 March 1939 | 24 September 1942 | 8 January 1947 | Struck 1 March 1959; Sold for scrap 30 November 1959 |
| Chenango | CVE-28 | Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Chester, Pennsylvania | 10 July 1938 | 1 April 1939 | 19 September 1942 | 14 August 1946 | Struck 1 March 1959; Sold for scrap 12 February 1960 |
| Santee | CVE-29 | Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Chester, Pennsylvania | 31 May 1938 | 4 March 1939 | 24 August 1942 | 21 October 1946 | Struck 1 March 1959; Sold for scrap 5 December 1959 |
# Pacajá River

The Pacajá River (Portuguese: Rio Pacajá) is a river of Pará state in north-central Brazil. It is a tributary of the Pará River, a channel that connects the Amazon and Tocantins rivers to the south of Marajó island.
The basin of the Pacajá River is in the Xingu–Tocantins–Araguaia moist forests ecoregion.
# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Xi'an

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Xi'an (Latin: Singanen(sis), Chinese: 西安, 長安) is an archdiocese located in the city of Xi’an (Shaanxi) in China.

## History

* April 12, 1911: Established as Apostolic Vicariate of Central Shensi 陝西中境 from the Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Shensi 陝西北境
* December 3, 1924: Renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Xi’anfu 西安府
* April 11, 1946: Promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Xi’an 西安

## Leadership

* Archbishops of Xi’an 西安 (Roman rite)
** Archbishop Anthony Dang Mingyan (黨明彥), (2006–present)
** Archbishop Anthony Li Du-an (李笃安), (5 April 1987 - 25 May 2006)
** Bishop Pacific Li Huan-de, O.F.M. (李宣德) (Apostolic Administrator January 25, 1952–1972)
** Archbishop Pacifico Giulio Vanni, O.F.M. (萬九樓) (April 11, 1946 - May 10, 1952)
* Vicars Apostolic of Xi’anfu 西安府 (Roman Rite)
** Bishop Pacifico Giulio Vanni, O.F.M. (萬九樓) (later Archbishop) (June 14, 1932–April 11, 1946)
** Bishop Fiorenzo Umberto Tessiatore, O.F.M. (戴夏德) (May 16, 1928–April 10, 1932)
** Bishop Eugenio Massi, O.F.M. (希賢) (December 3, 1924–January 26, 1927)
* Vicars Apostolic of Central Shensi 陝西中境 (Roman Rite)
** Bishop Eugenio Massi, O.F.M. (希賢) (July 7, 1916–December 3, 1924)
** Bishop Auguste-Jean-Gabriel Maurice, O.F.M. (穆理思) (April 12, 1911–January 1916)

## Suffragan dioceses

* Fengxiang 鳳翔
* Hanzhong 漢中
* Sanyuan 三原
* Yan’an 延安
* Zhouzhi 盩厔
# Édouard Pigeot

Édouard Fulbert Pigeot (22 January 1912 – 27 September 1982) was a French wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman middleweight at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Andrei Cădere

André Cadere (Andrei Cădere) was a Romanian conceptual artist, known for his influential work in the world of contemporary art.

## Biography

André Cadere was born on May 30, 1934, in Warsaw, Poland, where his father served as a diplomat. He moved to Paris, France, in 1967. During the same year, he exhibited his paintings, which were influenced by OP Art, at the Experimental Art Market. Cadere is associated with Isidore Isou and the Lettrist movement. He quickly connected with Parisian artists who explored the boundaries of authorship, artwork identity, and the significance of signatures and objects within minimal art, Land Art, and conceptual art..
In 1969, André Cadere exhibited a relief painting made of half-colored sticks at the Salon de Mai. He also participated in "Work in Progress," an exhibition organized by Christian Boltanski and Jean Le Gac, during which he wove 750 meters of string onto the portal of the American Center.
He was known for his Barres de bois rond (Round Wooden Bars, 1970–78), which were wood poles made of colored segments. He would carry these bars around with him, showing them in public and installing them in art exhibitions without invitation. Cadere died of cancer in Paris in 1978.

## Exhibitions

One of Cadere's notable exhibitions was held at the Institute for Contemporary Art, PS1, in New York, titled "André Cadere, All Walk of Life," from October 15 to December 10, 1989.
Some of his artwork is exhibited in the Museum of Recent Art in Bucharest.
Cadere participated in the group exhibition MOVING 1977, which was featured at Hal Bromm Gallery in Tribeca, New York City in 1977.
In November 1978, Hal Bromm Gallery held an exhibition in memoriam for Cadere, who died prior to the planned exhibition opening.
# Identity Registration Protocol

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) officially assigned TCP port 4604 to the Identity Registration Protocol (IRP) created by Sixscape Communications, Pte. Ltd. The assignment was issued by IANA on 17 March 2014, and is listed in the official IANA resource registry.
There are a very limited number of port numbers, which are assigned by IANA for protocols recognized as viable, complying with current protocol design standards, and not already covered by existing Internet standards. For example, port 25 was assigned to the SMTP email protocol many years ago. This establishes a standard and eliminates conflicts with other protocols. The technical review of IRP was performed by Lars Eggert, the distinguished chair of the Internet Research Task Force.
IRP was created by Lawrence E. Hughes, co-founder and CTO of Sixscape Communications, to allow applications to register their name, email address, UserID, their current IPv6 address and other information with the company's Domain Identity Registry server. IRP also supports all functions of a Public Key Infrastructure and an authenticated Address Registry. Sixscape's Domain Identity Registry server issues and manages X.509 client digital certificates for authentication and secure messaging. The Address Registry feature enables a new connectivity paradigm, called End2End Direct, in which user applications can connect directly to each other rather than via intermediary servers as is common with Client/Server architecture applications common on the older IPv4 Internet.
IRP is a streaming network protocol (TCP-based, connection-oriented). It is a Client/Server design with clearly defined server and client roles and implementations. It is secured with TLS v1.2 using the latest, strongest ciphersuites (e.g. Diffie Hellman Ephemeral for key exchange, AES256 for symmetric encryption and SHA2/384 for message digest). It does server to client authentication using an X.509 Server certificate, similar to web or email servers. It normally does client to server authentication with X.509 client certificates (usually obtained via IRP), with fallback to Username/Password Authentication (UPA) if needed. UPA can be disabled on a per-user basis. IRP protocol messages are valid XML documents.
# Sverre Heiberg

Sverre Heiberg (4 July 1912 – 3 May 1991) was a Norwegian photographer. He was born in Elverum. He worked as photographer for the newspaper Dagbladet from 1936 to 1988, except for the war years when Dagbladet closed down. Through his photographic works he documented the city of Oslo, the changes over time, people's life and important events. His photo collection was transferred to Oslo Bymuseum in 1989. He was awarded Oslo Arkitektforening's honorary prize in 1979, and the City of Oslo's Art Prize in 1985.
# Slavko Cicak

Slavko Cicak (born 25 October 1969) is a Swedish chess player. He was awarded the title Grandmaster by FIDE in 2001.
He played for Sweden in the Chess Olympiad in 2006, 2008 and 2010 and in the European Team Chess Championship in 2007. In 2005 he tied for 6th–9th with Normunds Miezis, Joel Benjamin and Alexander Baburin in the European Union Championship. In 2006 he tied for 2nd–5th with Leonid Gofshtein, José González García and Josep Manuel Lopez Martinez in the 8th Sants Open. In 2012, he shared first place with Hans Tikkanen and Emanuel Berg at the Västerås Open.
# Turcia

Turcia is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1,216 inhabitants.
# Elliptic cohomology

In mathematics, elliptic cohomology is a cohomology theory in the sense of algebraic topology. It is related to elliptic curves and modular forms.

## History and motivation

Historically, elliptic cohomology arose from the study of elliptic genera. It was known by Atiyah and Hirzebruch that if $S^{1}$ acts smoothly and non-trivially on a spin manifold, then the index of the Dirac operator vanishes. In 1983, Witten conjectured that in this situation the equivariant index of a certain twisted Dirac operator is at least constant. This led to certain other problems concerning $S^{1}$-actions on manifolds, which could be solved by Ochanine by the introduction of elliptic genera. In turn, Witten related these to (conjectural) index theory on free loop spaces. Elliptic cohomology, invented in its original form by Landweber, Stong and Ravenel in the late 1980s, was introduced to clarify certain issues with elliptic genera and provide a context for (conjectural) index theory of families of differential operators on free loop spaces. In some sense it can be seen as an approximation to the K-theory of the free loop space.

## Definitions and constructions

Call a cohomology theory $A^{*}$ even periodic if $A^{i}=0$ for i odd and there is an invertible element $u\in A^{2}$. These theories possess a complex orientation, which gives a formal group law. A particularly rich source for formal group laws are elliptic curves. A cohomology theory $A$ with
    $A^{0}=R$
is called elliptic if it is even periodic and its formal group law is isomorphic to a formal group law of an elliptic curve $E$ over $R$. The usual construction of such elliptic cohomology theories uses the Landweber exact functor theorem. If the formal group law of $E$ is Landweber exact, one can define an elliptic cohomology theory (on finite complexes) by
    $A^{*}(X)=MU^{*}(X)\otimes _{MU^{*}}R[u,u^{-1}].\,$
Franke has identified the condition needed to fulfill Landweber exactness:
* $R$ needs to be flat over $\mathbb {Z}$
* There is no irreducible component $X$ of ${\text{Spec }}R/pR$, where the fiber $E_{x}$ is supersingular for every $x\in X$
These conditions can be checked in many cases related to elliptic genera. Moreover, the conditions are fulfilled in the universal case in the sense that the map from the moduli stack of elliptic curves to the moduli stack of formal groups
    ${\mathcal {M}}_{1,1}\to {\mathcal {M}}_{fg}$
is flat. This gives then a presheaf of cohomology theories
   ${\mathcal {O}}_{e\ell \ell }^{pre}:{\text{Aff}}/({\mathcal {M}}_{1,1})_{flat}\to {\textbf {Spectra}}$
over the site of affine schemes flat over the moduli stack of elliptic curves. The desire to get a universal elliptic cohomology theory by taking global sections has led to the construction of the topological modular forms$^{pg20}$
   $\mathbf {Tmf} ={\underset {X\to {\mathcal {M}}_{1,1}}{\textbf {Holim}}}{\text{ }}{\mathcal {O}}_{e\ell \ell }^{pre}(X)$
as the homotopy limit of this presheaf over the previous site.
# Symphyotrichum bimater

Symphyotrichum bimater (formerly Aster bimater) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae that is native to the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca in Mexico, and to Guatemala. It is perennial and herbaceous and grows to heights of 30–46 centimeters (12–18 inches). Its white ray florets bloom May–December, and it grows in pine-oak woods, ravines, slopes, and grassy openings at elevations 1,000–2,150 meters (3,280–7,050 feet).

## Citations

* 1 2 POWO 2021.
* 1 2 Nesom 2018, p. 6.
# A.K.A. Goldfish

A.K.A. Goldfish is the title of a 1994 American creator-owned comic book series written and drawn by Brian Michael Bendis, and published by Caliber Comics. The entire award-winning series was collected and published as a trade paperback by Caliber in 1996 and by Image, entitled Goldfish rather than A.K.A. Goldfish, in 1998, and again in 2001 as Goldfish: The Definitive Collection. Dark Horse published another collected edition, similarly titled simply Goldfish, in August 2022.
The black-and-white series is a noir fiction tale, telling the story of David Gold, a con man, who used the sobriquet "Goldfish". Gold has returned to Cleveland, Ohio after a ten-year absence in order to regain possession of his son, currently in the custody of the boy's mother and Gold's ex-girlfriend, crime boss Lauren Bacall (a reference to the well-known actress of the same name). Bacall is the owner of the Club Cinderella, a nightclub, casino and brothel, and scene for many sequences within the story.

## Titles

* A.K.A. Goldfish: Ace (September 1994)
* A.K.A. Goldfish: Jack (December 1994)
* Caliber Spotlight #1 (May 1995)
* A.K.A. Goldfish: Queen (May 1995)
* A.K.A. Goldfish: Joker (August 1995)
* A.K.A. Goldfish: King (January 1996)
# Kubinka

Kubinka (Russian: Ку́бинка) is a town in Odintsovsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Setun River, 63 kilometers (39 mi) west of Moscow. Population: 22,964 (2010 Census); 26,158 (2002 Census); 8,019 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

Kubinka, founded in the 15th century, may have been named after Prince Ivan Kubensky [ru], a prominent local land-owner who died in 1546. It grew in importance in the second half of the 19th century when the Moscow-Smolensk railway passed through the area. The military test-range for tanks opened in 1931 and the military airbase opened soon afterwards. In December 1941 the Red Army halted the Wehrmacht's drive towards Moscow on the outskirts of Kubinka.
Kubinka gained town status in 2004.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with twenty-three rural localities, incorporated within Odintsovsky District as the Town of Kubinka. As a municipal division, the Town of Kubinka is incorporated within Odintsovsky Municipal District as Kubinka Urban Settlement.

## Transportation
### Railway transport

A suburban line links the town to Moscow's Belorussky railway station (the station Kubinka I). The train ride takes approximately 75 minutes. In 2015 a new 10 km train line opened in Kubinka. It goes from Kubinka railway station to Patriot Park, through the station "Museum", located near Kubinka Tank Museum. The railway station Kubinka II of the Greater Ring of the Moscow Railway is also in Kubinka.

## Military

Kubinka was the location of the Soviet Union's tank proving grounds, and today is the home of the Kubinka Tank Museum. It is also the location of the MAPO aircraft Maintenance Factory #121 and the Kubinka air base. This base serves as a base for the 237th Centre for Display of Aviation Equipment, which consists of Swifts and Russian Knights, who took place in the aerobatic show during 2010 Moscow Victory Day Parade.

## Culture

Patriot theme park was completed in 2017; a preliminary opening of the so-called "military Disneyland" took place in June 2015 by Vladimir Putin. It is located south of the Minsk highway at the border with the neighbouring settlements Golitsyno and Kalininets in the east and complements the local tourist attractions Kubinka Aviation Museum and Kubinka Tank Museum. The tank museum is located near the city. One of its most notable exhibits is Panzerkampfwagen VIII Maus which is the only remaining example in the world. This museum is also home to some unique and experimental armoured vehicles.

## Healthcare

Kubinka's main hospital is District hospital N°3.
# Laytham

Laytham is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Foggathorpe, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Howden town centre and 3 miles (5 km) west of Holme-on-Spalding-Moor. In 1931 the parish had a population of 63.
There is currently 1 working farm and approximately 10 houses. Some are being built on an old farm.

## History

In 1823, Laytham was in the parish of Aughton and the Wapentake of Harthill. Occupations included seven farmers, with a gentleman in residence.
Laytham was formerly a township in the parish of Aughton, from 1866 Laytham was a civil parish in its own right, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Foggathorpe.
# SM UB-102

SM UB-102 was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 17 October 1918 as SM UB-102.
UB-102 was surrendered to Italy on 22 November 1918 and broken up in La Spezia in July 1919.

## Construction

She was built by AG Vulcan of Hamburg and following just under a year of construction, launched at Hamburg on 13 September 1918. UB-102 was commissioned later the same year . Like all Type UB III submarines, UB-102 carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a 10.5 cm (4.13 in) deck gun. UB-102 would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of 7,120 nautical miles (13,190 km; 8,190 mi). UB-102 had a displacement of 510 t (500 long tons) while surfaced and 640 t (630 long tons) when submerged. Her engines enabled her to travel at 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) when surfaced and 7.4 knots (13.7 km/h; 8.5 mph) when submerged.
# Jasmin Tabatabai

Jasmin Tabatabai (Persian: یاسمین طباطبائی; born 8 June 1967 in Tehran, Iran, is a German actress and singer.

## Biography

Jasmin Tabatabai's mother is German, and her father is Iranian. She was born and raised in Tehran until the 1979 Islamic Revolution, at which point she migrated with her mother to Germany. After her completion of school, she studied drama in the arts college in Stuttgart.

## Career

She was discovered for the screen 1992 as main character in the Swiss feature film Children of the Open Road, what brought her the award as best actress at the Amiens Film Festival in France. During her early work as actress in Berlin, she co-founded the band Even Cowgirls Get the Blues as singer and songwriter.
The 1997 German film Bandits exposed Jasmin Tabatabai to a larger audience. In addition to her acting role in the film, she also wrote and performed many of the songs for the soundtrack. The record for the film sold more than seven hundred thousand copies. She also voiced Megara in the German dub of Hercules.
Tabatabai's first album as a solo artist, Only Love, was released in 2002 along with the single After You Killed Me. Soon after she founded her own record label, polytrash. She also composed songs for the soundtrack of the 2004 movie Iron Jawed Angels together with then-husband Tico Zamora.

## Personal life

In December 2001, Tabatabai met American musician Tico Zamora. On 3 December 2002 she gave birth to their first and only child, a daughter named Angelina Sherri Rose. She and Zamora married on 1 June 2003 and separated by summer 2006. Their divorce was finalized in 2008.
She has been in a relationship with actor Andreas Pietschmann since summer 2007. They have two children: a daughter, Helena Leila (born 5 July 2009), and a son, Johan Anton (born 13 August 2013). Tabatabai and Pietschmann reside in Berlin.

## Awards

* 1997: Bavarian Film Award, Best Film Score

## Partial filmography

* Kinder der Landstrasse (1992)
* Dann eben mit Gewalt (1993, TV film)
* Lemgo (1994, TV film)
* The Meds (1995)
* The Cleaning Ladies Island (1996)
* Bandits (1997)
* Late Show [de] (1999)
* Gierig (1999)
* Split Second (1999, TV film)
* Gripsholm (2000)
* No Place to Go (2000) as Meret
* Moonlight Tariff [de] (2001)
* Fremde Haut (2005)
* Atomised (2006)
* Four Minutes (2006)
* Fay Grim (2006)
* Blood and Chocolate (2007)
* Messy Christmas (2007)
* Der Baader Meinhof Komplex (2008)
* Germany 09 (2009)
* Altiplano (2009)
* Mitra (2009)

## Music

* 1997: Bandits soundtrack
* 2002: Only Love
* 2004: Iron Jawed Angels soundtrack
* 2007: Blood and Chocolate soundtrack
* 2007: I ran
Jasmin Tabatabai & David Klein Orchester
* 2011: Eine Frau
* 2016: Was sagt man zu den Menschen, wenn man traurig ist?
# Symphyotrichum chihuahuense

Symphyotrichum chihuahuense is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae that is native to Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico. It is perennial and herbaceous and reaches heights of 20–35 centimeters (8–14 inches). Its white ray florets open June–September, and it grows in grasslands and oak–pine woods at elevations 1,800–2,500 meters (5,900–8,200 feet).

## Citations

* ↑ POWO 2021.
* 1 2 Nesom 2018, p. 2.
# Gabrovo Knoll

Gabrovo Knoll (Bulgarian: връх Габрово, romanized: vrah Gabrovo, IPA:) is a peak rising to 500m in the Friesland Ridge, Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island. The peak surmounts Charity Glacier to the north and Tarnovo Ice Piedmont to the southeast, and is separated from Shumen Peak to the east-northeast by Gerov Pass. The knoll is named after the Bulgarian town of Gabrovo.

## Location

The peak is located at 62°44′13.3″S 60°17′33″W﻿ / ﻿62.737028°S 60.29250°W﻿ / -62.737028; -60.29250, which is 1.8 km south of MacKay Peak, 2.26 km west-southwest of Shumen Peak, 430 m north of Arda Peak and 1 km northeast of Veleka Peak (Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009).

## Maps

* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4