OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eddie Applegate

Edward Robert Applegate (October 4, 1935 – October 17, 2016) was an American television actor, best known for his work in the 1960s, most notably in the role of Richard Harrison, the boyfriend of Patty Lane on The Patty Duke Show.

## Early life

Applegate was born in Wyncote, Pennsylvania.

## Stage

Applegate's career began at the Bucks County Playhouse in New Hope, Pennsylvania. He was active in stock theater, particularly on the East Coast, for more than eight seasons in both winter and summer. He also had the role of Hugo Peabody in the national touring production of Bye Bye Birdie.

## Film

Applegate's film debut was in A Ticklish Affair (1963).

## Television

Applegate appeared as Richard Harrison on 70 episodes (another source says "88 of the ABC sitcom's 104 episodes") of the Patty Duke Show, which was broadcast on ABC from 1963 to 1966. He also played Bob Mooney in The Lucy Show$^{:634}$ and Willie Maxwell, a reporter, on Nancy.$^{:741}$ In the 1960s, he appeared as single episode characters in a number of other popular television shows, including Daktari and Gunsmoke.

## Later work

In 1999, Applegate reprised the role of Richard Harrison in a reunion, The Patty Duke Show: Still Rockin' in Brooklyn Heights. In this show, he appeared as the ex-husband of Patty Lane. (They reconcile.) Also in 1999, Applegate was featured on an episode of E! Entertainment Television's Celebrity Profile, a show which tries to answer the "whatever happened to..." question about relatively well-known entertainment personalities of the past. In the 2000s (decade), Applegate also appeared occasionally in minor movie roles, such as Exorcism (2003) and Welcome to September (2005).
In 2009, Applegate appeared as Henry in the indie thriller Rain From Stars, written by Stephen Wallis and released in the United States in 2013.

## Painting

After his television career faded, Applegate became more involved with painting, a hobby that he had previously taken up in order to relax when he was working regularly on television shows. He described himself as a "Realist to Impressionist painter".

## Personal life and death

In 1967, Applegate married Tanya Maniatty. They had three children and divorced in 1986.
Applegate lived in Chatsworth, California with his common law wife Betty. He was an active member of the San Fernando Valley Art Club, serving as vice president. He died on October 17, 2016, at a nursing home in Los Angeles after a long illness. He is survived by his children, Heather, Michael and John, and a large extended family.
Applegate's death was the third in the main cast of The Patty Duke Show in 2016, following Patty Duke (Mar. 29) and William Schallert (May 8) earlier that year.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1963 | A Ticklish Affair | Yeoman Corker Bell | |
| 2003 | Exorcism | Arch Bishop | |
| 2005 | Welcome to September | Arch Bishop | |
| 2010 | Easy A | Micah's Grandfather | |
| 2013 | Rain from Stars | Henry | (final film role) |
# Nils Claëson

Nils Ludvig Alfred Claëson (15 November 1848 – 7 January 1910) was a Swedish politician and civil servant.
Claëson was born in Botkyrka, Sweden. He graduated from Uppsala University and subsequently became an assessor at the Svea Court of Appeal in 1883 and as head of the Department of Ecclesiastics (the educational department at the time) in 1884. In 1889 he was elected parliamentary ombudsman and in 1892 he was appointed Supreme Court justice. In 1898, he was appointed minister of education and ecclesiastical affairs in Erik Gustaf Boström's government, a post he held until 1902. Claëson was also a member of the canon law committee in 1890 and a representative at the church assembly in 1898. He was president of Pro Fide et Christianismo, a Christian education society, from 1895 to 1899.
Claëson was married to Fransiska (Fanny) Eufemia Helleday, daughter of Johan David Helleday [sv].
He was made a Commander Grand Cross in the Order of the Polar Star in 1899.
Claëson died in Stockholm in 1910 and is buried in Norra begravningsplatsen.
# Ceri Morgan

Ceri Rhys Morgan (22 December 1947 – 29 February 2020) was a Welsh professional darts player who competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) events in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s.

## Career

Morgan made his World Championship debut in 1979, beating Barry Atkinson in the first round before losing to Tony Brown in the second round. In 1980, Morgan reached the quarter-final, where, as the number 8 seed, he began his campaign in the second round where he defeated Alan Grant before losing to Cliff Lazarenko. He repeated his best ever performances at the World Championships in 1981 and 1984 by reaching the quarter-finals. He lost to John Lowe on both occasions.
His last appearance at the World Championships came in 1987 with a first round defeat by Jocky Wilson.
One of his biggest paydays came in 1980, when he won the Austin Morris British Masters against Bobby George, the top prize being a £5,500 car from the tournament sponsors. As Morgan did not drive, the sponsors made the offer of a cash option instead.
Morgan hit the highest shot out of the 1983 Unipart British Professional Championships against Steve Brennan with a 170, and in 1986, reached the semi-finals of the same tournament. He was runner-up to Nicky Virachkul in the 1979 World Cup Singles and reached the semi-finals of the World Masters in 1982.
Morgan quit the BDO in 1990.

## World Championship results
### BDO

* 1979: Second round (lost to Tony Brown 0–2) (sets)
* 1980: Quarter-finals (lost to Cliff Lazarenko 1–3)
* 1981: Quarter-finals (lost to John Lowe 3–4)
* 1983: First round (lost to Luc Marreel 0–2)
* 1984: Quarter-finals (lost to John Lowe 0–5)
* 1985: First round (lost to Steve Brennan 0–2)
* 1986: Second round (lost to Dave Whitcombe 2–3)
* 1987: First round (lost to Jocky Wilson 0–3)

## Career finals
### WDF major finals: 1 (1 runner-up)

| Outcome | No. | Year | Championship | Opponent in the final | Score |
| Runner-up | 1. | 1979 | World Cup Singles | Nicky Virachkul | 3–4 (s) |
# Qeshlaq-e Aji Eshmeh

Qeshlaq-e Aji Eshmeh (Persian: قشلاق اجي اشمه) may refer to:
* Qeshlaq-e Aji Eshmeh-ye Ali Heydar Beyg
* Qeshlaq-e Aji Eshmeh-ye Nurahmad
* Qeshlaq-e Aji Eshmeh-ye Papur
# Havens, Westcliff-on-Sea

Havens department store is a Grade II listed building based in Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex. Until its closure in 2017, Havens was the only remaining independent department store based in the borough of Southend-on-Sea after the closure of Keddies.

## History

Havens was opened in 1901 by Rawdon Havens as a specialist retailers of China Tableware and Crystal Glass in Hamlet Court Road, Westcliff.
The current store was opened in 1935 and was listed as Grade II in 2016.
In May 2017, Nigel Haven announced that the store would be closing and moving to an online retailer only. The building was rented to Age Concern as a community hub.
# USS Ramapo

USS Ramapo (AO-12), was a Patoka-class replenishment oiler. It was built under U.S. Shipping Board contract, was laid down on 16 January 1919 by the Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Virginia; launched on 11 September 1919; and commissioned on 15 November 1919.

## Service history

Assigned to Caribbean shuttle runs after commissioning, Ramapo carried petroleum products from Port Arthur, Texas, to Guantanamo Bay and the Canal Zone until April 1920. Through 1922, Ramapo was employed to deliver fuel to ships and bases on the US Gulf and East coasts and in European waters. Transferred to the Pacific in 1922, Ramapo carried oil to ships and stations of the Pacific Fleet and made occasional trips to the Canal Zone and to the east coast until mid-1928, when the tanker began to supply the Asiatic Fleet on a regular schedule. Beginning on 21 June, she carried oil from San Pedro to the Philippines and China and, for the next nine years, averaged four round-trips annually. En route she performed collateral duties as a survey ship and collected data in central and western Pacific island groups for the Hydrographic Office.
On 7 February 1933, while cruising across the Pacific Ocean from Manila to San Diego, the ship encountered the tallest rogue wave ever recorded at the time, measuring 34 metres (112 ft) in height.
In late 1937, Ramapo briefly interrupted her transpacific runs to discharge oil to ships and stations in the Aleutians, then resumed runs to East Asia, continuing them until the spring of 1941 when she was shifted to Hawaiian shuttle service. At Pearl Harbor when the Japanese attacked on 7 December, the tanker returned to San Pedro and made two round-trips to Bora Bora before resuming Alaskan shuttle runs. Arriving at Kodiak on 29 July 1942 on her first such run since 1937, she plied between Port Townsend and various mainland and Aleutian stations throughout World War II. Ramapo received one battle star for World War II service.
The Ramapo is credited with the rescue of the entire crew of the USS Wasmuth (DMS-15) on 27 December 1942. Wasmuth was escorting a convoy through a heavy Alaskan storm when two depth charges were wrenched from their tracks by the pounding sea, fell over the side, and exploded beneath the ship's fantail. The blasts carried away part of the ship's stern and the ship began to founder; in the gale, the pumps could not make headway against the inexorably rising water below. Despite the heavy sea, Ramapo came alongside the foundering Wasmuth. For three and a half hours, the tanker remained with the sinking high-speed minesweeper, battling the waves while successfully transferring his crew and two passengers.
The Ramapo completed her last run of the war at Seattle on 23 September 1945. On the 27th, she steamed south and on the 30th reported at San Francisco for inactivation. Decommissioned on 10 January 1946, Ramapo was struck from the list on 21 January and transferred to the Maritime Commission on 1 July.
# Cemocarus

Cemocarus is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It is known from South Africa and Namibia.

## Species

* Cemocarus griseatus (Curran, 1926) (Synonyms: Aphrosylus griseatus Curran, 1926, Cymatopus capensis Parent, 1939)
* Cemocarus stuckenbergi Grichanov, 1997
# SourceOECD

SourceOECD was the online library of the OECD from 2001 to 2010. In July 2010 it was replaced by OECD iLibrary.

## OECD publications

The OECD publishes roughly 250 books a year, on subjects as diverse as general economy, statistics, agriculture, science, future studies or environment. Of all international organisations in the economics field, it's arguably the one with the widest scope.
SourceOECD also hosts 18 series of working papers.
The OECD also maintains 82 statistical databases. On SourceOECD, they are accessible in their interactive form: the user can perform queries online.

## Access

SourceOECD's clients are librarians in a broad sense: universities, administrations, institutions, corporations. They buy access for their users, who can subsequently access SourceOECD without being charged or asked for identification. The potential audience of SourceOECD is about 15 million users.

## DOIs

The OECD uses extensively digital object identifiers for their publications. Each working paper is assigned a DOI, and many publications also use DOIs for their tables and graphs (statlinks). Using these DOIs, the reader can retrieve documents in a ready-to-use, electronic form.

## Web books

SourceOECD features a series of reference books with no access restriction: the web books. Its other online books are available in pdf format. The web books are a series of structured HTML web pages, from which the user can easily access the cited publications as well as tables and graphs. OECD's most-used web book is the OECD Factbook.

## Easylinks

Virtually every OECD publication has an easylink, a URI that links directly to its online form. Typically, the easylink is "www.sourceOECD.org/" followed by the ISBN of the publication.
# Kent Härstedt

Kent Härstedt (born 29 January 1965, in Helsingborg) is a Swedish social democratic politician, member of the Riksdag from 1998 to 2018.
Actively interested in politics since the age of 16, he was elected to the municipal council of Helsingborg, where he remained for six years. He worked as political adviser to vice foreign minister Pierre Schori between 1994 and 1996, and as a freelance writer for amongst others Svenska Dagbladet, Helsingborgs Dagblad, and Arbetarbladet. In 1998 he was elected to the Riksdag and remained until 2018. In 2004 and 2005, he was also alcohol commissioner for the Swedish government. Härstedt is the elected vice President of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly 2014–2017.
At the election to Ukraine's parliament on 26 October 2014, Härstedt was the special coordinator for the OSCE observer mission. Härstedt was the OSCE special coordinator in the presidential elections in Belarus 2015 and in the parliamentary elections on 26 October 2016. He is since 2015 the chaIr of the OSCE PAs ad hoc working group on Belarus. Since 2017 Härstedt is chairman of Forum Syd, the largest Swedish NGO in support of civil society.
Between 1999 and 2005, he was the chairman of the Swedish branch of UNICEF.
Between 2009-2011 Härstedt was the president of the Swedish Judo Federation. Härstedt holds a black belt in Judo.
Between January 2022 and January 2023, Härstedt was Sweden's ambassador to Singapore.
Härstedt is a survivor of the MS Estonia disaster in September 1994.
# Menchi-katsu

Menchi-katsu (メンチカツ) is a Japanese breaded and deep-fried ground meat patty; a fried meat cake. The meat is usually ground beef, pork, or a mixture of the two. It is often served in inexpensive bento and teishoku.

## Preparation

The ground meat is mixed with chopped onion, salt, and pepper, and made into patties. Flour is applied on both sides of these patties. They are coated with beaten eggs, further coated with bread crumbs, and deep fried until golden brown. The bread crumbs, called panko, are specially dehydrated and have a coarser texture than other bread crumbs. Katsu are usually served with Japanese Worcestershire sauce or tonkatsu sauce (a variant of Worcestershire thickened with fruit and vegetable purees) and sliced cabbage.

## Etymology

Menchi and katsu are phonologically modified versions of the words "mince" and "cutlet". Katsu may refer to any deep-fried meat cutlet coated with flour, egg, and bread crumbs. It is an example of yōshoku, or foods adapted from western cuisine. Katsu by itself usually refers to tonkatsu, which is made with pork cutlets.
While menchi-katsu is used prevalently in eastern Japan, in western Japan it is more commonly called minchi-katsu (ミンチカツ).
# Skau

Skau is a Norwegian and Danish habitational surname from several small places or farmsteads situated in or near a forest. Notable people with the surname include:
* Annie Skau Berntsen (1911–1992), Norwegian missionary
* Bjørn Skau (1929–2013), Norwegian politician
* Marie Skau (1890–1966), Norwegian politician
* Reidar Skau (1893–1975), Norwegian judge
* Tore Skau (born 1945), Norwegian former sports shooter
# Ikuv keriah

Ikuv keriah (Hebrew: עיכוב קריאה, lit. 'delaying the reading') was a practice of European Jews in which a person could delay the Torah reading in the synagogue until his complaint was heard by the community and its leadership. This custom allowed the synagogue to become a court. Some believe this is the reason why the Kol Nidre prayer is appropriate on the night before Yom Kippur.

## Practice

The complainant would stand by the Torah ark, and prevent the removal of the Torah scroll before its ceremonial reading in synagogue. By custom, no person had the right to move him from his place, until one of the community leaders promised to stand by him and take care of his complaint. The complaint could be against either the community or an individual.
A description of the practice appears in the Or Zarua (13th century):
   "It once happened in Cologne that one complained on the Shabbat when the parsha "Emor el hakohanim" should have been read, and delayed the prayer and Torah reading the entire day, and when the next [Shabbat] came the rabbi R Eliezer son of R Shimon zt"l directed to begin with the parsha "Emor el hakohanim" and to read it and also [the parsha] "Behar Sinai" which should have been read that Shabbat."
A different form of protest consisted of delaying the prayer between pesukei dezimra and the Shema blessings. The protester would stand in the place designated for the prayer leader (who would normally begin reciting the communal prayer at this point), and prevent the prayer leader from beginning. The Rema indicated that this practice was customary, and regarded it as a mitzvah (commandment) which justified disrupting prayer and speaking of extraneous matters in the middle of prayer. However, if the prayer leader had already said "Barchu", "a place where it was customary to cry out about each other between Kaddish and Barchu and between "Yotzer Or", or to speak of the needs of the masses - they are in error."
The Hatam Sofer describes how the custom was practiced in his childhood. There exist testimony of ikuv keriah occurring in the year 5665 (1904-1905) in the Hurva synagogue, by women who prevented the reading from commencing. Another practical occurrence was recorded in 5721 (1960-1961) by R' Yisrael Kanievsky.

## Permitted times

There exists a tradition, according to which Rabbeinu Gershom decreed that the Torah reading should not be delayed on Shabbat, unless the method had already been tried unsuccessfully three times on weekdays. When the complaint was against the public, it was permitted even on Shabbat. On Hol HaMoed it was permitted to complain. There was also a discussion about complaint on the Days of Awe, particularly when the complainant was not a local resident.
In the community of Verona, it was decided to end the custom. Today, the custom no longer exists in any community.
# Ciliopagurus pacificus

Ciliopagurus pacificus is a species of hermit crab native to French Polynesia.
# Medinilla balls-headleyi

Medinilla balls-headleyi, commonly known as Daintree medinilla, is a climbing plant in the family Melastomataceae found only in the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, Australia.
It is a root climber with a stem diameter of up to 5 cm (2.0 in). Flowers and fruit are borne in clusters on the twigs behind the leaves. It was first described in 1887 by the German-born Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller

## Conservation

This species is listed as least concern under the Queensland Government's Nature Conservation Act. As of 20 October 2024, it has not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

## Gallery

* Foliage
* Fruit
* Fruit detail
# Gałki, Węgrów County

Gałki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grębków, within Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Grębków, 18 km (11 mi) south of Węgrów, and 69 km (43 mi) east of Warsaw.

## History

The village was privately owned and belonged to the Gałecki family until the 18th century. Folwark Gałki was founded by the Popiel family at the end of the 18th century. Near the village there is a complex of several private breeding ponds established in the 1800s.
# HMS Unbending

HMS Unbending (P37) was a Royal Navy U-class submarine built by Vickers-Armstrong at Barrow-in-Furness, and part of the third group of that class. So far she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name Unbending.

## Career

Unbending served in the Royal Navy's Tenth Flotilla under the command of Lieutenant E.T. Stanley. The ship spent most of her wartime career in the Mediterranean, where she sank the Italian merchant ships Alga, Citta di Bergamo, Cosenza and Beppe, the Italian auxiliary minelayer Eritrea and the Italian destroyer Giovanni da Verrazzano. She also sank the Italian ship Lupa II with gunfire. Unbending had first fired two torpedoes but these were evaded. Unbending also damaged the Italian passenger / cargo ship Viminale, the Italian merchant Carlo Margottini (the former Yugoslavian Bled), and the Italian passenger ship Carlo Margottini. This ship ran ashore and is not listed as a war loss so was most likely salvaged and returned to service.
Unbending was the initiator of one of the rare modern-day boarding parties: having surfaced beside a schooner in the gulf of Sfax, Unbending found herself unable to hit the small ship with her deck gun, so a resourceful officer leapt aboard and set fire to the entire ship using only a can of shale oil.
Unbending was sold to be broken up for scrap on 23 December 1949 and scrapped at Gateshead in May 1950.
# Hylephila ancora

Hylephila ancora, commonly known as the Ancora skipper, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It was first described by Carl Plötz in 1883. It is found in Bolivia, Uruguay and Argentina.
# Full tort and limited tort automobile insurance

Full tort and limited tort automobile insurance options were instituted by the state of Pennsylvania in an attempt to decrease the number of pain and suffering lawsuits in Pennsylvania courts. Concerned about the high rates of automobile insurance, Pennsylvania enacted mandatory personal injury protection (PIP) insurance coverage in the attempt to reduce the number of lawsuits resulting from automobile accidents. PIP insurance covers the medical bills of drivers involved in an accident, regardless of who is at fault. The idea behind the creation of PIP insurance was that it would reduce the number of ‘pain and suffering’ or ‘loss’ lawsuits, thereby reducing insurance company payouts and ultimately reducing insurance premiums.
Individuals who now purchase insurance in Pennsylvania are classified as either “limited tort” or “full tort.” Tort is a legal term meaning “civil wrongdoing – in civil law, a wrongful act for which damages can be sought by the injured party.”
In Pennsylvania, insurance companies offer full tort coverage which gives covered individuals the ability to sue in court for all damages, and limited tort coverage which “limits” the ability to sue for pain and suffering. Both full tort and limited tort coverage only apply in situations where the driver or passengers have been injured in an accident that is not the driver's fault. The victim then has the option of bringing charges against the at-fault driver to sue in court for unpaid medical bills, property damage, loss of income, pain, and suffering.
Limited tort coverage is less expensive, so it is appealing to consumers as a way to save on their insurance premiums. This option will save approximately 15% in premiums annually. However, by choosing limited tort, consumers give up the ability to sue for “pain and suffering” unless the injuries suffered are considered a "serious injury" as that term is defined in the standard automobile insurance policy in Pennsylvania. Unfortunately, consumers likely will not read these lengthy policies before electing "limited tort" or "full tort" and consequently, they could be misled by the terms in the election. In particular, "serious injury" is defined as "death, significant deformity or impairment of body function." As a result, most consumers who elect "limited tort" believing it is reasonable to only make a claim for "pain and suffering" if their injury is serious, do not realize that most insurance companies do not consider even permanent injuries to be "serious injuries" if the consumer is not dead, disfigured or crippled. For example, insurance carriers will deny claim for "pain and suffering" where the injured victim has suffered a herniated disc or even broken bones.