OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Deputy Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan

The Deputy Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan (Urdu: ڈپٹی چیئرمین سینیٹ) is the Deputy Chair of the Senate of Pakistan. According to the Constitution of Pakistan, the deputy chairman is the presiding official when the chairman is unavailable. The Senate must choose a chairman and deputy chairman for a time interval of three years. Syedaal Khan Nasar has served as the deputy chairman since 9 April 2024.
During the President's absence, the chairman senate is empowered with the duties of the presidency; in rare events involving the absence of the chairman, the presidential duties are usually held by Speaker National Assembly. The Chairman of the Senate is the second in the line of succession to the President of Pakistan, ahead of the Speaker National Assembly.

## Role and responsibilities

The office of Deputy Chairman of the Senate is created by Article 60(1) of the Chapter 2 in Part III of the Constitution of Pakistan:
   After the Senate has been duly constituted, it shall, at its first meeting and to the exclusion of any other business, elect from amongst its members a chairman and a Deputy chairman and, so often as the office of chairman or Deputy chairman becomes vacant, the Senate shall elect another member as chairman or, as the case may be, Deputy chairman. The term of office of the chairman or Deputy chairman shall be 3 years from the day on which he enters upon his office.

## List of Deputy Chairmen of the Senate

* Abdull Malik Baloch (26 April 1977 – 4 July 1977)
* Sajjad Hussain Qureshi (21 March 1985 – 29 December 1985)
* Malik Muhammad Ali Khan (23 January 1986 – 20 March 1988)
* Sayed Muhammad Fazal Agha (21 March 1988 – 20 March 1991)
* Noor Jehan Panezai (21 March 1991 – 20 March 1994)
* Mir Abdul Jabbar Khan (21 March 1994 – 20 March 1997)
* Mir Humayun Khan Marri (21 March 1997 – 12 October 1999)
* Khalilur Rehman (12 March 2003 – 15 March 2005)
* Jan Mohammad Jamali (12 March 2006 – 11 March 2012)
* Sabir Ali Baloch (12 March 2012 – 12 March 2015)
* Abdul Ghafoor Haideri (12 March 2015 – 12 March 2018)
* Saleem Mandviwalla (12 March 2018 - 12 March 2021)
* Mirza Muhammad Afridi (12 March 2021 - 8 March 2024)
* Syedaal Khan Nasar (9 April 2024 - )
# De Villiers

de Villiers is a common French and Afrikaans surname.
de Villiers or Devilliers may refer to:
* De Villiers (playwright) (c. 1600–1681), French playwright and actor
* AB de Villiers, South African international cricketer
* Anna de Villiers (1900–1979), Afrikaans South African writer, lexicographer, and educator
* De Villiers Graaff, South African politician
* CJ de Villiers, South African cricketer
* Dirkie de Villiers (1889–1958), South African rugby union player and cricketer
* Fanie de Villiers, South African cricketer
* Gerard de Villiers, French writer of spy stories
* Giniel de Villiers, South African racing driver
* HO de Villiers, South African rugby union player
* Jackie de Villiers (1894–1960), South African judge
* Jacob de Villiers (1868–1932), judge and Chief Justice of South Africa
* Jay Devilliers (born 1994), A French professional pickleball player
* Jean de Villiers, South African international rugby union player
* Jan-Izak de Villiers, Namibian cricket and hockey international player
* Johan Zulch de Villiers (1845–1910), South African politician
* John de Villiers (1842–1914), Cape lawyer, judge and Chief Justice of South Africa
* Izak Louis de Villiers, South African theologian and author
* Juan de Villiers, South African cricketer
* Karlien de Villiers (born 1975), South African artist
* Louis de Villiers (1908–1970), South African cricketer
* Louis Coulon de Villiers (1710–1757), French military officer
* M.L. de Villiers [af] (1885–1977), South African clergyman and composer
* Nannie de Villiers, South African tennis player
* Peggy de Villiers (born 1993), South African deaf swimmer
* Peter de Villiers, South African rugby union coach named in 2008 as the head coach of the country's national team, the Springboks
* Philippe de Villiers, French politician
* Pieter de Villiers, South African hurdler
* Pieter de Villiers, South African-born French international rugby union player
* Ryan de Villiers (born 1992), South African actor
# Qerkh Bolagh, Hamadan

Qerkh Bolagh (Persian: قرخ بلاغ, also Romanized as Qerkh Bolāgh; also known as Farrokh Bolāgh, Gharakh Bolagh, and Kirkh Bulāqh) is a village in Sardaran Rural District, in the Central District of Kabudarahang County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 524, in 138 families.
# Florent Mothe

Florent Mothe (French pronunciation:; born May 13, 1981) is a French singer, actor and musician.
He is most famous for playing the role of Antonio Salieri in Mozart, l'opéra rock. In this role, he performed on a number of singles including Vivre à en crever, l'Assasymphonie, and Le bien qui fait mal.

## Biography

Florent Mothe was born on May 13, 1981, in Argenteuil, Val-d'Oise. He began studying music at the age of 7, at the Montigny-lès-Cormeilles school. He soon learned to play the flute, piano, bass, synthesizer and guitar, but singing was always his primary interest.
He formed his first band, Lost Smile, in 1996, and toured for around six years between France and Germany. At the same time, he played the savant in the musical l'Alphoméga, on the recording and in one performance of the show. Following that, he sang at the Hard Rock Café with his second group, Ouija. He then went to Toronto, where he began a solo career. He performed short concerts in Canadian bars, as well as at the Mod Club in New York.
His performances and recordings on his Myspace page brought him to the attention of Dove Attia and Albert Cohen, producers of Mozart, l'opéra rock, who invited him to attend casting for the musical. He was chosen for the role of Antonio Salieri. In 2010, he was awarded the title of "Francophone Discovery of the year" at the NRJ Music Awards.
His first solo album, Rock in Chair, was released in April 2013. The first single is called Je ne sais pas.
Florent played King Arthur in Dove Attia's new musical La Légende du roi Arthur with Charlie Boisseau, Zaho, Camille Lou and Fabien Incardona in 2015.

## Discography
### Albums

| Year | Album | Peak positions | Peak positions |
| Year | Album | FRA | BEL (Wa) |
| 2013 | Rock In Chair | 14 | 21 |
| 2016 | Danser Sous La Pluie | 73 | 71 |

### Singles

| Year | Singles | Peak positions | Peak positions |
| Year | Singles | FRA | BEL (Wa) |
| 2009 | "Vivre à en crever" (duet with Mikelangelo Loconte) | – | 4 (Ultratip) |
| 2009 | "L'assasymphonie" | – | 10 (Ultratop) |
| 2012 | "On ira" (duet with Judith) | 178 | – |
| 2013 | "Je ne sais pas" | 77 | 50 (Ultratop) |
| 2013 | "Les blessures qui ne se voient pas" | 79 | 25 (Ultratip) |
| 2015 | "Quelque chose de magique" (with Camille Lou) | 103 | 15 (Ultratip) |
| 2016 | "Auprès d'un autre" | | 43 |
| 2016 | "Quoi de neuf?" | 146 | |

#### with the cast of Mozart, l'opéra rock

| Year | Singles | Peak positions | Peak positions |
| Year | Singles | FRA | BEL (Wa) |
| 2009/ 2010 | "Le bien qui fait mal" | 9 | 8 (Ultratip) |
| 2010 | "C'est bientôt la fin" | 22 | 25 (Ultratop) |

#### with the cast of La Légende du roi Arthur

| Year | Singles | Peak positions | Peak positions | Singles |
| Year | Singles | FRA | BEL (Wa) | Singles |
| 2014 | "Mon combat (Tir nam beo)" (with Zaho) | 187 | – | from La Légende du roi Arthur |

## Awards

* 2010 NRJ Music Award for "L'Assasymphonie": Francophone Song of the Year 2009
* 2010 NRJ Music Award as member of the cast of Mozart l'Opéra Rock: Francophone Duo/Group of the Year
# Johann Jakob Breitinger

Johann Jakob Breitinger (1 March 1701 in Zürich – 14 December 1776) was a Swiss philologist and author.

## Life

Breitinger studied theology and philology and first earned recognition from 1730 through a new edition of the Septuaginta. From 1731 he worked as Professor of Hebrew and later of Greek in the gymnasium in Zürich. Breitinger was however best known for his collaborations with his friend Johann Jakob Bodmer. In their joint work it cannot always to be distinguished, from whom most of the suggestions came. The main part of the historical collection Thesaurus Historicae Helveticae (1735) may be attributed to Breitinger.
Breitinger's principal work Critische Dichtkunst (1740) was a rejection of the traditional poetic principle of imitation of nature for the benefit of the creative imagination; it had a big influence on German literary theory and the burgeoning genius cult. In this context was also the literary-historically significant dispute of Bodmer and Breitinger with Johann Christoph Gottsched.

## Works

* Kritische Abhandlung von der Natur, den Absichten und dem Gebrauche der Gleichnisse, 1740
* Critische Dichtkunst, 1740
* Verteidigung der schweizerischen Muse Herrn D. A. Hallers, 1744
# Trehalulose

Trehalulose is a disaccharide made up of a molecule of fructose bound to a molecule of glucose. Like isomaltulose, it is a structural isomer of sucrose that is present in small quantities in honey. It makes up 50% of sugars in the honeydew of silverleaf whiteflies and is synthesised from sucrose by some bacteria, such as Protaminombacter rubrum. Because the anomeric carbon of the fructose moiety is not involved in the glycosidic bond, it is a reducing sugar.

## Physiology

Because the fructose and glucose molecules are linked by a 1,1 glycosidic bond, which is more stable than the 1,2 glycosidic bond in sucrose, it is broken down more slowly than sucrose in the small intestine, giving it a lower glycemic index. This more stable bond also means that it cannot be utilised by Streptococcus mutans, and it is therefore non-cariogenic.

## Properties

Unlike isomaltulose, trehalulose strongly resists crystallisation, and forms an amorphous solid when dried. Its sweetness relative to sucrose has been estimated as between 0.4 and 0.7.
It has a specific rotation of $[\alpha ]_{D}^{20}=+50$°.

## Honey from stingless bees

In 2020 researchers at the University of Queensland found that some species of stingless bee in Australia, Malaysia, and Brazil produce honey containing between 13% and 44% trehalulose rather than the usual glucose and fructose. The university's findings supported the long-standing claims of Indigenous Australian people that native honey is beneficial for human health. In 2021 the same researchers discovered that the bees convert all sucrose from nectar into trehalulose.
# Croatia rediviva: Ča, Kaj, Što – baštinski dani

Croatia rediviva: Ča, Kaj, Što – baštinski dani is a Croatian poetical manifestation, gathering poets of all Croatian dialects functioning as literary languages.
The founder of the festival is the Croatian poet, physician and ambassador Drago Štambuk. He is also the author of the Wall of Poetry (Zid od versi) at the central square in Selca, onto which plates of the wreathed poets (poetae oliveati) are mounted, with engraved year of the wreathing, name of the poet and a few verses carved into the Bračian marble. The principal idea of the festival is that of the threefoldness of Croatian, and the idea of koinéisation (mixing) of all three Croatian dialects (Čakavian, Kajkavian and Štokavian) as an expression of language commonness. Organisers of the manifestation are the association "Hrvatski sastanak 1888" and the Croatian Writers' Association.
The festival is held annually in the village of Selca at the island of Brač, usually in mid-July, even though there were cases where it was held earlier, such as the first one which was held on Holy Saturday, March 30, 1991. Poets read their own verses, in one of the three Croatian literary idioms, at the main stone-covered square of "Stjepan Radić" in front of an audience.
The festival includes a selection of the most successful poet, who is "crowned" with the wreath of olive leaves. The decision is made by a three-member jury composed of the founder and earlier wreathees (oliveati).
The crowned poet (poeta oliveatus) and the founder then choose the verses that shall be engraved into the marble plate and mounted onto the Wall of Poetry of the central Selcan square, in front of the church of the Christ the King. The plate is of white Brač marble.
Every five years the founder edits and publishes the selection of the poems that were read during the festivals of the period, entitled Maslinov vijenac ("The olive wreath"). So far three titles have been published (1996, 2001, and 2005). in 2024 Drago Stambuk invited Reza Fekri,Iranian Tenor Opera singer to sing his composition in this Festival

## The wreathed poets - poetae oliveati

* 1991: Zlatan Jakšić
* 1992: Drago Štambuk
* 1993: Jakša Fiamengo
* 1994: Božica Jelušić
* 1995: Vesna Parun
* 1996: Luko Paljetak
* 1997: Tonko Maroević
* 1998: Ivan Golub
* 1999: Vlasta Vrandečić Lebarić
* 2000: Slavko Mihalić
* 2001: Dragutin Tadijanović
* 2002: Zvonimir Mrkonjić
* 2003: Petar Gudelj
* 2004: Sonja Manojlović
* 2005: Tatjana Radovanović
* 2006: Mate Ganza
* 2007: Joško Božanić
* 2008: Mladen Machiedo
# De Caro

De Caro may refer to:

## Places

* Serra de Caro, the highest mountain of the Ports de Tortosa-Beseit, Catalonia, Spain

## People

* Antonio de Caro (died 1517), Italian Roman Catholic Bishop of Nardò and of Avellino e Frigento (1505–1507)
* Baldassarre De Caro (1689–1750), Italian painter of still lifes, mainly of hunted game and flowers
* Carlos Moreno de Caro (born 1946), Colombian politician, Ambassador of Colombia to South Africa, and Councilman of Bogotá
* Francisco de Caro (1898–1976), Argentinian pianist and composer
* Gerolamo de Caro (died 1560), Italian Roman Catholic Titular Archbishop of Nazareth (1536–1552), Titular Bishop of Cannae (1531–1536)
* Julio de Caro (1899–1980), Argentinian composer, musician and conductor prominent in the Tango genre
* Lorenzo de Caro (1719–1777), Italian painter
* Lucio De Caro (1922–2008), Italian screenwriter and film director
* Mario De Caro (born 1963), Italian philosopher specialized in the field of moral philosophy
* Raffaele De Caro (1883–1961), Italian politician
# 1966 European Indoor Games – Men's 60 metres

The men's 60 metres event at the 1966 European Indoor Games was held on 27 March in Dortmund.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Barrie Kelly Great Britain | Heinz Erbstößer East Germany | Viktor Kasatkin Soviet Union |

## Results
### Heats

First 3 from each heat (Q) and the next 3 fastest (q) qualified for the semifinals.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Hans Hönger | Switzerland | 6.7 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Jürgen Schröter | West Germany | 6.8 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Ramón Magariños | Spain | 6.8 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Ladislav Kříž | Czechoslovakia | 6.8 | q |
| 5 | 1 | Alfred Jungbluth | Belgium | 6.9 | |
| 6 | 1 | Klaus-Jürgen Schneider | West Germany | 7.0 | |
| 1 | 2 | Heinz Schumann | West Germany | 6.8 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Max Barandun | Switzerland | 6.8 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Axel Nepraunik | Austria | 6.8 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Pasquale Giannattasio | Italy | 6.9 | q |
| 5 | 2 | Josef Čeliš | Czechoslovakia | 7.0 | |
| 1 | 3 | Viktor Kasatkin | Soviet Union | 6.7 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Heinz Erbstößer | East Germany | 6.7 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Barrie Kelly | Great Britain | 6.7 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Ivica Karasi | Yugoslavia | 6.8 | q |

### Semifinals

First 3 from each heat (Q) qualified directly for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Heinz Erbstößer | East Germany | 6.7 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Jürgen Schröter | West Germany | 6.7 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Hans Hönger | Switzerland | 6.7 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Ivica Karasi | Yugoslavia | 6.8 | |
| 5 | 1 | Ladislav Kříž | Czechoslovakia | 6.8 | |
| 6 | 1 | Axel Nepraunik | Austria | 6.8 | |
| 1 | 2 | Barrie Kelly | Great Britain | 6.6 | Q, WB |
| 2 | 2 | Viktor Kasatkin | Soviet Union | 6.7 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Ramón Magariños | Spain | 6.7 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Max Barandun | Switzerland | 6.8 | |
| 5 | 2 | Pasquale Giannattasio | Italy | 6.8 | |
| 6 | 2 | Heinz Schumann | West Germany | 6.8 | |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 2 | Barrie Kelly | Great Britain | 6.6 | =WB |
| | 6 | Heinz Erbstößer | East Germany | 6.6 | =WB |
| | 3 | Viktor Kasatkin | Soviet Union | 6.6 | =WB |
| 4 | 1 | Jürgen Schröter | West Germany | 6.7 | |
| 5 | 5 | Ramón Magariños | Spain | 6.8 | |
| 6 | 4 | Hans Hönger | Switzerland | 6.8 | |
# Skåtøy Church

Skåtøy Church (Norwegian: Skåtøy kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Kragerø Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located on the island of Skåtøy which is located in the skerries just offshore from the town of Kragerø. It is the church for the Skåtøy parish which is part of the Bamble prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1862 using plans drawn up by the architects Heinrich Ernst Schirmer and Wilhelm von Hanno. The church seats about 600 people.
The church is sometimes nicknamed the Cathedral of the Skerries (Norwegian: Skjærgårdskatedralen). This historical site is reachable by boat and recalls Kragerø's "golden days". The surrounding 500 islands were the home of farmers, fishermen, lumberjacks and sailors from the 17th century. It is one of the largest churches in Norway built of wood, with seats for 600 people. It was considered the most important church in the region until around 1960.

## History

During the 19th century there were demands for a local church on the island of Skåtøy. In 1851, a cemetery was consecrated for local use. Nearly ten years later, approval was given to build a church at the cemetery. Heinrich Ernst Schirmer and Wilhelm von Hanno were hired to design the new church. The church was consecrated on 5 September 1862 by the provost of Bamble prosti when Bishop Jacob von der Lippe was unable to attend. The building is a wooden long church. There was a major refurbishment for the jubilee in 1912, and in 1914 the bell tower was rebuilt. In 1918, a new altarpiece was installed and it was painted by Julie Gjessing. The motif is from the Gospel of Mark 1:35 ("Early the next morning, while it was still dark, Jesus got up, went out and went to a deserted place, and prayed there") and portrayed Jesus in prayer. There was renovation in 1930 and again in 1954. In winter when there is often lower attendance, a smaller room called the Winter Church is used on the 2nd floor behind the organ gallery.
# Johann Jakob Hottinger (historian)

Johann Jakob Hottinger (18 May 1783, in Zürich – 17 May 1860, in Zürich) was a Swiss historian. He was a great-grandson of philologist Johann Heinrich Hottinger (1620–1667).
He studied theology at the Carolinum in Zürich, receiving his ordination in 1804. Afterwards, he taught classes in an upper Töchterschule and at an art school in Zürich. In 1833 he became an associate professor, then from 1844 to 1859, was a full professor of history at the University of Zürich.

## Selected works

Following the death of Robert Glutz-Blotzheim, he continued the work on Johannes von Müller's multi-volume Geschichten schweizerischer Eidgenossenschaft ("History of the Swiss Confederation"). With Hans Heinrich Vögeli, he published an edition of Heinrich Bullinger's Reformationsgeschichte (3 volumes, 1838–40). His biography of Ulrich Zwingli, Huldreich Zwingli und seine Zeit, was translated into English and published as: The life and times of Ulric Zwingli (1856). Other noted works by Hottinger are:
* Arnold von Winkelried; ein vaterländisches Schauspiel in vier Aufzügen, 1810 – Arnold von Winkelried; a patriotic drama in four acts.
* Vorlesungen über die Geschichte des Untergangs der schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft der dreizehn Orte und der Umbildung derselben in eine helvetische Republik, 1844 – Lectures on the history of the downfall of the Swiss confederation of the thirteen cantons and the transformation thereof into a Helvetic Republic.
* Der staatshaushalt der schweizerischen eidsgenossenschaft und ihrer einzelnen republiken, 1847 – The state budget of the Swiss confederation and its individual republics.
* Geschichte der Republik Zürich (with Johann Kaspar Bluntschli, 1847) – History of the Republic of Zürich.
* Hans Conrad Escher von der Linth, charakterbild eines republikaners, 1852 – Hans Conrad Escher von der Linth, character study of a Republican.
# John Russell of Bluffdale

John Russell of Bluffdale (1793–1863) was a 19th-century American novelist, writer and licensed Baptist preacher. He wrote the first published novel featuring Mormons. Russell was born in Vermont, but lived most of his life in Bluffdale, Illinois.
In the early 1830s Russell was exposed to the teachings of Mormonism by Parley P. Pratt and William E. McLellin.
Among Russell's works were The Venomous Worm, a pro-temperance story published in McGuffey Readers. He also had published in 1853 The Mormoness, the first published novel featuring a Mormon. It represented a more balanced portrayal of Mormons than most 19th-century mentions, lamenting attacks on their religious freedom while still largely disparaging their beliefs and practices.

## Sources

* Terryl L. Givens and Matthew J. Grow, Parley P. Pratt: The Apostle Paul of Mormonism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 57-58.
* John T. Flanagan, "John Russell of Bluffdale", Journal ofo the Illinois State Historical Society, Vol. 2, no. 3, Sep. 1949.
# Bunkering

Bunkering is the supplying of fuel for use by ships (such fuel is referred to as bunker), including the logistics of loading and distributing the fuel among available shipboard tanks. A person dealing in trade of bunker (fuel) is called a bunker trader.
The term bunkering originated in the days of steamships, when coal was stored in bunkers. Nowadays, the term bunker is generally applied to the petroleum products stored in tanks, and bunkering to the practice and business of refueling ships. Bunkering operations take place at seaports and include the storage and provision of the bunker (ship fuels) to vessels.
The Port of Singapore is currently the largest bunkering port in the world. In 2023, Singapore recorded bunker fuel sales volume totaling 51,824,000 tonnes, setting a new industry standard.
The Island of Malta is known to host bunkering, in six locations including Hurd's bank. In 2015 the Malta-Sicily Channel was noted as "one of the most important oil transit routes in the world," and in 2011, around eight vessels per day bunkered in Maltese waters.

## Two types of bunkering

The two most common types of bunkering procedure at sea are "ship to ship bunkering" (STSB), in which one ship acts as a terminal, while the other moors. The second type is "stern line bunkering" (SLB), which is the easiest method of transferring oil but can be risky during bad weather.

## Bunkering in maritime law

In many maritime contracts, such as charter parties, contracts for carriage of goods by sea, and marine insurance policies, the ship-owner or ship operator is required to ensure that the ship is seaworthy. Seaworthiness requires not only that the ship be sound and properly crewed, but also that it be fully fuelled (or "bunkered") at the start of the voyage. If the ship operator wishes to bunker en route, this must be provided for in a written agreement, or the interruption of the voyage may be deemed to be deviation (a serious breach of contract). If the vessel runs out of fuel in mid-ocean, this also constitutes serious breach, allowing the insurer to cancel a policy and allowing a consignee to make a cargo claim. It may also lead to a salvage operation.
The International Maritime Organisation is an agency of the United Nations responsible for the prevention of marine pollution by ships. On 1 January 2020, the agency began enforcing the IMO 2020 regulation of MARPOL Annex VI to minimise bunkering's environmental impact.