OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emmelia trabealis

Emmelia trabealis, the spotted sulphur, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica.

## Taxonomy

The species is sometimes placed in the genus Acontia and Emmelia is considered as a subgenus of Acontia.

## Distribution

The spotted sulphur can be found in most of the Palearctic (Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Russia to northern China and Japan). It was formerly resident in Great Britain, but has not been seen at any known breeding colonies since 25 June 1960 and is presumed extinct there.

## Habitat

This species prefers sandy soil, dry and warm areas, meadows and sunny slopes on which the bindweed occurs.

## Description

The wingspan of Emmelia trabealis can reach 18–24 mm. The forewings show a very variable black drawings on a yellowish or dirty white background. The rear wings are reddish brown.
Eggs are green, elongated and cone shaped, with a flattened base and distinct longitudinal ribs. Caterpillars are reddish to greenish brown, with dark dorsal lines and a yellow side band, the head is relatively small and brown. Cocoons are red brown or green.

## Technical description and variation

E. trabealis Scop. (= sulphuralis L., arabica Hufn., sulphurea Schiff., trabeata Scriba, lugubris F., pardalina Walk.) (52 g). Forewing pale yellow; the markings black, edged, when fresh, with lustrous scales;horizontal black streaks from base along median and submedian veins; the lines marked by black costal spots, the outer and subterminal more or less complete, sometimes interrupted; two black spots represent the stigmata; fringe yellow marked with black in middle and at each end; hindwing reddish fuscous; the fringe yellowish white. The insect varies according to the preponderance of the yellow or black scaling; as a rule, the yellow prevails in the female, the black in the male; — the ab. nigra Ersch. (52 g), from W. Turkestan, is almost wholly black. Larva green changing to brownish; dorsal and subdorsal lines darker, with faintly paler edges; spiracular line broadly pale yellow.

## Biology

This species presents two overlapping generations a year, the second generation is generally missing in cool years. The moth flies from May to August depending on the location and then again from August to early September. The pupa overwinters. The larvae feed on field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and Polygonum species. The imago takes short jerky flights in the sunshine close to the ground and is difficult of observation; it frequents dry and sandy localities.

## Gallery

* Male - dorsal side
* Male - ventral side
# Bab El Fellah

Bab El Fellah (Arabic: باب الفلة) is one of the gates of the medina of Tunis.
Also called "Door of the Breach", it is located on the second enclosure of the southern suburbs of Tunis. Built around 1350, it plays an important economic role because its situation near the agricultural plain and on the roads of Zaghouan and Kairouan.
According to an ancient tradition, beside this door, there was a wide breach which allowed the flight of the Tunisians during the battle of Tunis in 1535.
# James Hitchmough

James Donald Hitchmough (born September 2, 1956) is a British horticulturalist and author. He is Emeritus Professor of Horticultural Ecology at the University of Sheffield.
In 2024, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Council of the Society of Garden Designers.

## Books

* Gardener's Choice: Fine Plants for All Seasons (1987)
* Urban Landscape Management (Inkata Press, 1994)
* The Dynamic Landscape: Design, Ecology and Management of Naturalistic Urban Planting James Hitchmough and Nigel Dunnett (Taylor & Francis, 2004)
* Sowing Beauty: Designing Flowering Meadows from Seed (Timber Press, 2017)
# Rotor current meter

A rotor current meter (RCM) is a mechanical current meter, an oceanographic device deployed within an oceanographic mooring measuring the flow within the world oceans to learn more about ocean currents. Many RCMs have been replaced by instruments measuring the flow by hydroacoustics, the so-called Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers. However, for instance in Fram Strait, the Alfred Wegener Institute still uses RCMs for long-term monitoring the inflow into the Arctic Ocean.

## Measurement principle

A RCM usually consists of the recording unit, a propeller to detect the water velocity and vane to determine the direction of the flow. The gimbal rings of the RCM-instruments allow to compensate a tilt of up to 40° of the mooring line.
The recording unit houses a battery pack for energy supply, the Analog-to-digital converter, possible additional sensors for other variables (like the standard parameters conductivity, temperature, depth, CTD) and a micro-controller. According to the data sheet of the instruments RCM 7/8, the micro-controller performs the following tasks:
   A built-in clock triggers the instrument at preset intervals and a total of six channels are sampled in sequence. The first channel is a fixed reference reading for control purposes and data identification. Channels 2, 3 and 4 represent measurement of temperature, conductivity and depth respectively. Channels 5 and 6 represent the vector averaged current speed and direction since the previous triggering of the instrument. The data is sequentially fed to the Data Storage Unit (DSU) 2990 or 2990E.
The flow direction is detected by a magnetic compass, a needle clamped onto a potentiometer. This design becomes problematic for instruments in the Arctic Ocean since the North Magnetic Pole moves relative to the geographic North Pole and this (time-depended) magnetic declination cannot be neglected any more.

## Data quality

Accuracy and precision of the RCMs are topic of an ongoing discussion. Comparative studies between different types of RCMs placed close to each other show that the instruments have large systematical errors.
The following table summarizes the specification for various single-point current meters.
| Instrument type | Measurement principle | Measurement error according to manual |
| Aanderaa RCM 7 | rotor | ±0.01 m/s or 4% (whatever is greater) |
| Aanderaa RCM 8 | rotor | ±0.01 m/s or 4% (whatever is greater) |
| Aanderaa RCM 9 | acoustic, single-point | ±0.0015 m/s |
| Aanderaa RCM 11 | acoustic, single-point | ±0.0015 m/s |
| Falmouth Scientific Instruments | state of the art ADCP | ±0.005 m/s |
These values only hold for medium currents between 0.02 and 2.95 m/s. Small velocities are difficult to detect because the vane shows a lot of inertia and the rotor needs to overcome friction before starting to rotate. The company Aanderaa calls the acoustical single-point instruments recording current meter which allows to keep the abbreviation RCM.
# 1975 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's 60 metres hurdles

The men's 60 metres hurdles event at the 1975 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 9 March in Katowice.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Leszek Wodzyński Poland | Frank Siebeck East Germany | Eduard Pereverzev Soviet Union |

## Results
### Heats

First 2 from each heat (Q) and the next 4 fastest (q) qualified for the semifinals.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | Eduard Pereverzev | Soviet Union | 7.75 | Q |
| 1 | 4 | Frank Siebeck | East Germany | 7.75 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Leszek Wodzyński | Poland | 7.76 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Klaus Fiedler | East Germany | 7.76 | Q |
| 5 | 4 | Mirosław Wodzyński | Poland | 7.78 | Q |
| 6 | 4 | Viktor Myasnikov | Soviet Union | 7.81 | q |
| 7 | 3 | Jan Pusty | Poland | 7.84 | q |
| 8 | 2 | Ervin Sebestyen | Romania | 7.86 | Q |
| 9 | 1 | Giuseppe Buttari | Italy | 7.95 | Q |
| 10 | 1 | Anatoliy Moshiashvili | Soviet Union | 7.97 | Q |
| 11 | 3 | Bruno Dussancourt | France | 8.02 | q |
| 12 | 2 | Yves Kirpach | Luxembourg | 8.06 | q |
| 13 | 2 | Jean-Pierre Corval | France | 8.07 | |
| 14 | 4 | Július Ivan | Czechoslovakia | 8.08 | |
| 15 | 3 | Loránd Milassin | Hungary | 8.10 | |
| 16 | 1 | Dieter Gebhard | West Germany | 8.11 | |
| 17 | 1 | Gerardo Calleja | Spain | 8.15 | |
| 17 | 2 | Georgios Mandellos | Greece | 8.15 | |
| 19 | 1 | Efstratios Vasiliou | Greece | 8.21 | |
| 20 | 2 | Beat Pfister | Switzerland | 8.25 | |
| 21 | 1 | Jiří Čeřovský | Czechoslovakia | 8.29 | |
| 22 | 3 | Steen Petersen | Denmark | 8.40 | |
| 23 | 4 | Nurullah Candan | Turkey | 8.70 | |

### Semifinals

First 2 from each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Frank Siebeck | East Germany | 7.66 | Q, CR |
| 2 | 1 | Mirosław Wodzyński | Poland | 7.73 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Klaus Fiedler | East Germany | 7.75 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Viktor Myasnikov | Soviet Union | 7.76 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | Eduard Pereverzev | Soviet Union | 7.77 | q |
| 6 | 2 | Leszek Wodzyński | Poland | 7.78 | q |
| 7 | 1 | Ervin Sebestyen | Romania | 7.80 | |
| 8 | 2 | Jan Pusty | Poland | 7.85 | |
| 9 | 2 | Anatoliy Moshiashvili | Soviet Union | 7.87 | |
| 10 | 1 | Giuseppe Buttari | Italy | 7.95 | |
| 11 | 2 | Bruno Dussancourt | France | 8.08 | |
| 12 | 1 | Yves Kirpach | Luxembourg | 8.26 | |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 6 | Leszek Wodzyński | Poland | 7.69 |
| | 2 | Frank Siebeck | East Germany | 7.69 |
| | 1 | Eduard Pereverzev | Soviet Union | 7.74 |
| 4 | 4 | Klaus Fiedler | East Germany | 7.77 |
| 5 | 3 | Mirosław Wodzyński | Poland | 7.85 |
| 6 | 5 | Viktor Myasnikov | Soviet Union | 8.04 |
# Grapsus tenuicrustatus

Grapsus tenuicrustatus, commonly known as thin-shelled rock crab or Natal lightfoot crab, is a species of decapod crustacean in the family Grapsidae.
The English common name natal sally-light-foot crab has been applied to the species by the FAO, and as the synonym Grapsus grapsus tenuicrustatus suggests, it had sometimes been classified as a subspecies of the sally-lightfoot.

## Description and biology

Grapsus tenuicrustatus can be characterized by its deep purple to black carapace and many light colored markings while it is alive. However, as individuals shed their shell or die, the carapace the thin-shelled rock crab leaves behind turns a bright red-orangey color. The species goes by various names in different cultures. The Hawaiian name for the species is a'ama. In the Philippines they are known as Katang. Fully grown, the thin-shelled rock crab can reach lengths of 6-8 centimeters. The males of the species tend to be smaller in size compared to their female counterparts. Their lifespan in the wild is uncertain, but has been shown to be 7-10 years in captivity.

## Habitat and distribution

The thin-shelled rock crab can be normally be found among rocky outcrops that allow for a safe place to escape to when there are signs of danger. The range of the Grapsus tenuicrustatus is listed as Indo-Pacific, found near beaches and tidepools along the shore.

## Human use
### Culinary

The thin-shelled rock crab is sought after as a food source in many different cultures. In the Philippines, they are caught and put through a fermentation process and have their roe harvested. Across the Pacific, the people of Hawai'i ate the crabs raw and lightly salted when the seas were rough.
# Robert Gladstone

Robert William Gladstone (13 September 1879 – 1 June 1951) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Oxford, Ontario and became a manager, manufacturer and teacher by career.
After an unsuccessful attempt to win Wellington South in the 1925 federal election, he was elected to Parliament there in the 1935 election. He was re-elected in 1940 and 1945. He was appointed to the Senate in September 1949 thus leaving the House of Commons. He remained in the Senate until his death at Ottawa Civic Hospital on 1 June 1951 due to a heart condition. He was survived by his wife and a son.

## Electoral record

vte1925 Canadian federal election: Wellington South :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Hugh Guthrie | 9,096 | 52.9 | 16.3 |
| | Liberal | Robert Gladstone | 8,088 | 47.1 | 11.1 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 17,184 | 100.0 |
vte1935 Canadian federal election: Wellington South :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Robert Gladstone | 8,840 | 52.4 | 5.4 |
| | Conservative | Hugh Comym Guthrie | 5,854 | 34.7 | -18.3 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | Charles Elgin Fulton | 1,578 | 9.4 | 9.4 |
| | Reconstruction | Frederick Neale | 592 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 16,864 | 100.0 |
vte1940 Canadian federal election: Wellington South :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Robert Gladstone | 8,115 | 46.9 | -5.5 |
| | Independent | Charles Leroy Austen | 5,073 | 29.3 | 29.3 |
| | Conservative | Hugh Comym Guthrie | 4,121 | 23.8 | -10.9 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 17,309 | 100.0 |
vte1945 Canadian federal election: Wellington South :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Robert Gladstone | 8,484 | 45.2 | -1.7 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Charles Patrick McTague | 7,665 | 40.8 | 17.1 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | Harold Dunk | 2,355 | 12.6 | 12.6 |
| | Communist | James Oldham | 268 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 18,772 | 100.0 |
# Lorrain

Lorrain or Le Lorrain may refer to:

## People

* Claude Lorrain (1600–1682), French Baroque painter, draughtsman and etcher born Claude Gellée, called le Lorrain in French
* Dessamae Lorrain (1927–2011), American archaeologist
* James Herbert Lorrain (1870–1944), Scottish Baptist missionary in northeast India
* Mathilde Lorrain, birth name of Moufida Bourguiba (1890–1976), first wife of Habib Bourguiba, the first president of Tunisia
* Michèle Lorrain (born 1960), Canadian artist
* Paul Lorrain (died 1719), British prison chaplain
* Pierre Lorrain (1942–2004), French-Canadian lawyer and politician
* Rod Lorrain (1914–1980), Canadian ice hockey player in the National Hockey League
* Roméo Lorrain (1901–1967), French-Canadian politician
* Louis-Joseph Le Lorrain (1715–1760), French painter and engraver
* Richer of Senones (c. 1190–1266), French monk and chronicler sometimes called Richer le Lorrain in French
* Robert Le Lorrain (1666–1743), French sculptor
* Lorrain Larry Thibeault (1915–1977), Canadian ice hockey player

## Other uses

* Canton of Le Lorrain, a former canton of Martinique
* Rivière du Lorrain, a river in Martinique
* Lorrain language, a Romance dialect spoken in the Lorraine region of France and the Gaume region of Belgium
* French torpedo boat Le Lorrain, originally World War II German torpedo boat T28
# Caltha dionaeifolia

Caltha dioneaefolia is a dwarf perennial herb, of the Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae) with apparently seated pale yellow flowers with about seven stamens and two to three free carpels and leaves that are reminiscent of those of the Venus flytrap, but very small and with leaflike appendages on the leaf. It occurs in the southern Andes of Chile and Argentina, including on Tierra del Fuego and Hermite Island.

## Description

Caltha dioneaefolia often grows in dense clusters over considerable areas, with thick rhizomes. The stems may be four to ten cm long and are densely branched. Its shiny, thick and fleshy leaves consist of a broad and long leafstalk, about half as wide and up to three times as long as the blade. The blade itself consists of two parts which are approximately identical in shape, but not in size. The larger, lower part is folded over its mid vein, about 1⁄2 cm long, ovate or almost circular, split into left and right lobes, and concave. The smaller, upper or inner part, which is often referred to as appendages, also consists of two ovate lobes of about 3 mm long. All four lobes have an entire margin which carries teeth-like hairs that are bent slightly inwards for the large lobes and outward for the small appendages. Each pair so resembles a trapleaf of the carnivorous Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula. The leaf surface however harbors neither glands, nor trigger hairs, and hence C. dioneaefolia is not a carnivorous plant. The appendages are homologous with the ears at the base of the leafblade of Northern Hemisphere Caltha species. The purpose of the leaves' unusual structure is not presently known. The actinomorphic solitary flowers of about 1 cm across have five spreading, egg-shaped, yellow sepals, with about nine parallel veins on a short peduncle of about 1⁄2–1 cm, making it appear seated in the heart of the rosette of leaves. There are usually seven stamens. The two or three ovaries each contain two to five ovules. There are forty eight chromosomes (2n=48).

## Distribution and ecology

The species occurs in the Southern Andes. Bogs near the Strait of Magellan are densely coated by patches of C. dioneaefolia, Gaimardia and Astelia, that grow in between Sphagnum and other mosses.
# CFX Bank

CFX Bank, whose full name is CFX Bank Limited, was a commercial bank in Zimbabwe. It was one of the licensed commercial banks in the country.

## History

The bank was founded in 2006, as a 100% subsidiary of CFX Financial Services Limited, its holding company, whose shares trade on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange. The bank has two (2) affiliated companies: (a) CFX Asset Management and (b) CFX Merchant Bank, both of which are also 100% owned by the holding company. In 2009, as a result of changes in Zimbabwean banking laws, Interfin Holdings Limited, acquired a controlling interest in CFX Financial Services. Subsequently, the holding company was renamed Interfin Financial Services Limited, to reflect the new ownership. The trading symbol for the new bank holding company is: INTERFIN. The Government of Zimbabwe has given formal approval of the takeover of CFX Bank by Interfin. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe has also signaled its approval of the merger of the two institutions.

## Ownership

CFX Bank was a publicly traded company. The shares of stock of its holding company, Interfin Financial Services Limited are listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange, where they trade under the symbol: INTERFIN. An ownership dispute exists, with the former director of ENG Capital Group claiming that assets were illegally acquired by CFX Bank
The five largest shareholders of record in INTERFIN and thus CFX Bank are:
| Rank | Name of owner | Percentage ownership |
| 1 | Interfin Holdings Limited | 32.41 |
| 2 | Savanna Tobacco Limited | 19.10 |
| 3 | National Social Security Authority of Zimbabwe | 17.31 |
| 4 | Msasa Nominees (Pty) Limited | 06.00 |
| 5 | AFS | 04.99 |
| 6 | Others | 20.19 |
| | Total | 100.00 |
# 299th Rifle Division

The 299th Rifle Division (Russian: 299-я стрелковая дивизия) was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II, formed twice.
The division was first formed in the summer of 1941 and was destroyed during the Battle of Moscow in the fall of that year. The division was reformed in June 1942 and fought in the Battle of Stalingrad, the Belgorod-Khar'kov Offensive Operation and the Belgrade Offensive, before being disbanded postwar in the summer of 1945.

## History
### First Formation

The 299th Division began forming on 10 July 1941 at Belgorod, part of the Orel Military District. Its basic order of battle included the 956th, 958th, and the 960th Rifle Regiments, as well as the 843rd Artillery Regiment and 363rd Reconnaissance Company. In early August, the division moved west to the Bryansk Front, where it was assigned to the 50th Army by the end of August. The 299th was caught up in Operation Typhoon, the German attack on Moscow, at the end of September. Although it was not trapped in the Bryansk pocket, the division suffered heavy losses in the fighting in October and early November, and on 18 November only 800 men were left in the division. On 3 December, the 299th was officially disbanded, possibly to add replacements to one of the other divisions preparing for the Soviet counteroffensive at Moscow.

### Second Formation

The 299th Rifle Division was reformed on 6 June 1942 from a rifle brigade at Kovrov, part of the Moscow Military District. Its basic order of battle was the same as the previous formation, and it was quickly assigned to the 10th Reserve Army in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command. In August the 299th was transferred to the 8th Reserve Army, which became the 66th Army. The division moved with the army to the Stalingrad Front. As part of the 66th Army, the 299th fought in Operation Uranus in November, the Soviet counteroffensive which encircled the German 6th Army in Stalingrad. The division then fought in Operation Ring during January and February 1943, which eliminated the pocket. While the army was in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command, the 299th transferred to the 53rd Army in the Steppe Military District (Steppe Front from July). In August the division fought in the Belgorod-Khar'kov Offensive Operation, during which it was in the second echelon of the 53rd Army attack which broke through to recapture Kharkov on 23 August. For its actions, the 299th was awarded the honorific "Kharkov."
In January 1944, the 299th became part of the 5th Guards Army. The division was transferred back and forth between the 53rd Army, the 5th Guards Army, and 2nd Ukrainian Front reserves until September. In September, during the advance into Yugoslavia, the division became part of the 57th Army's 75th Rifle Corps. The division fought in the Belgrade Offensive and then advanced into Hungary south of Lake Balaton and Budapest. At the end of the war, the division was part of the 64th Rifle Corps, still with the 57th Army. The division was disbanded in the summer of 1945, part of the Southern Group of Forces.