OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rise of the Robots (disambiguation)

Rise of the Robots is a 1994 video game.
Rise of the Robots may also refer to:
* Rise of the Robots (book), 2015 book by Martin Ford
* Rise 2: Resurrection, also known as Rise of the Robots 2, sequel to the 1994 video game
* "Rise of the Robots", a lecture by Kevin Warwick
* "Hey! (Rise of the Robots)", a song by The Stranglers from Black and White
# A Boy and a Girl with a Cat and an Eel

A Boy and a Girl with a Cat and an Eel is a 1635 oil painting by Judith Leyster that is now in the National Gallery, London.

## Academic interpretation

There have been various interpretations of Judith Leyster's A Boy and a Girl with a Cat and an Eel by different scholars. Some, such as Neil McLaren, have argued that it represents the Dutch proverb "Een aal bij de staart hebben" (or "to hold an eel by the tail") meaning that you do not get to hold onto something just because you have it. This moralistic interpretation is supported, Cynthia Kortenhorst-Von Bogendorff Rupprath says, by the eye contact with the viewer made by the little girl in the painting as she wags her finger. Other interpretations include allusions to other Dutch proverbs as well as the popular pastime in seventeenth-century Dutch festivals or kermis of katknuppelen, the bludgeoning of cats. The depiction of children torturing or being scratched by cats was a popular one at this time in the Netherlands, and may allude to the Dutch proverbs "Hij doet kattekwaad", which translates literally to "he does the mischief of the cat", or "'t Liep uit op katjesspel", the literal translation of which is "it ends in the game of the cat", which relate to mischievous or arguing children.
Leyster's husband, Jan Miense Molenaer, included such an image in his group portrait "The Ruychaver-van der Laen Family" (c. 1629–30) in which a boy holding a clawing cat by the tail torments a girl by dangling it near her; she shies away tending to her scratched hand. These roles are reversed in Leyster's painting where it is the girl pulling the cat's tail, tragedy has not yet struck, and the girl's eye contact and shaking finger leave it perhaps up to the viewer to interpret what result her actions will have. Some scholars have also interpreted the eel being held as a kat aal or cat-eel, which were fed to cats as they were not worth eating. In this case it would be the boy who had enticed the cat into his grasp and he would be getting what was coming to him. Yet another interpretation is that the girl is waving her finger to make the viewers feel that she is reprimanding her brother for teasing the cat, and she is thereby distracting their attention from her own misbehaviour, which is pulling the cat's tail, making it nervous, and about to scratch. There are other examples of Dutch paintings as well as poems, such as Jacob Cats in his introductory section of his book Kinderspel or Children's Games, which use children as a motif both to mock and to preach morals to adults, and Frima Fox Hofrichter says this painting falls into that category.
# 1996 Team Ice Racing World Championship

The 1996 Team Ice Racing World Championship was the 18th edition of the Team World Championship. The final was held on ?, 1996, in Izhevsk, in Russia.
Russia won the title.

## Final Classification

| Pos | Riders | Pts |
| 1 | Alexander Balashov 35(17+18), Vladimir Fadeev 17(7+10), Igor Jakovlev 2(2+0) | 54 |
| 2 | Stefan Svensson 28(14+14), Per-Olof Serenius 18(11+7), Ola Westlund 0 dnr | 46 |
| 3 | Nail Galiakberov 18(10+8), Vladimir Cheblakov 11(5+6), Stanislav Kuznetsov 10(5+5) | 39 |
| 4 | Jari Ahlbom 26(13+13), Aki Ala Riihimaki 11(2+9), Seppo Siira 0(0+0) | 37 |
| 5 | Stanislav Dyk 18(9+9), Antonin Klatovsky 15(7+8), Jiri Petrasek 0 dnr | 33 |
| 6 | Michael Lang 14(6+8), Gunther Bauer 11(8+3), Helmut Weber 2(0+2) | 27 |
# Ron Lipsett

Ronald F. Lipsett (born January 19, 1944) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1987 to 1990 who represented the central Ontario riding of Grey.

## Background

Lipsett was educated at the University of Western Ontario. He is a fifth-generation cattle farmer in Silcote Corner, near Owen Sound, Ontario. He served as a trustee on the Grey County Board of Education, and a director of Formosa Mutual Insurance Company.

## Politics

He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1987 provincial election, defeating Progressive Conservative Bill Murdoch by about 2,000 votes in the riding of Grey. Lipsett was a backbench supporter of David Peterson's government during his time in the legislature. He was a parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Energy in 1989-90.
The Liberals were defeated in the 1990 election, and Lipsett placed third against Murdoch and NDP candidate Peggy Hutchinson in his bid for re-election.

## Later life

Lipsett returned to the Formosa Mutual Insurance Company (later renamed Trillium Mutual Insurance) after his defeat, and has been marketing manager since 1991. He oversees advertising and sponsorship programs in the company.
# 1861 in sports

1861 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

## Baseball

National championship
* National Association of Base Ball Players champion – Brooklyn Atlantics
Events
* The National Association establishes the December annual meeting, a change from March, meeting twice during calendar 1860. Membership slips from 59 to 55 clubs and then the outbreak of the American Civil War in the spring sharply cuts both inter-city travel and the number of matches played in greater New York City. Some clubs practically disband.

## Boxing

Events
* 18 June — Jem Mace defeats Sam Hurst in eight rounds at Medway Island to win the Heavyweight Championship of England. Hurst retires from boxing.
* John C. Heenan retains the Championship of America but there is no record of any fights involving him in 1861.

## Cricket

Events
* 20 October — the first English team to tour Australia sets sail from Liverpool. The team is captained by H. H. Stephenson. No first-class matches are played.
England
* Most runs – Robert Carpenter 883 @ 30.44 (HS 106)
* Most wickets – Edgar Willsher 87 @ 11.65 (BB 8–27)

## Football

Events
* Foundation of Richmond FC and Sale Sharks which are two of the oldest senior rugby union clubs
* The first documented match of Canadian football is played at University College in the University of Toronto. It is unclear the rules for this game.

## Golf

Major tournaments
* British Open – Tom Morris senior

## Horse racing

Events
* The inaugural running of the Melbourne Cup in Australia is won by Archer. The Melbourne Cup is a race for three-year-olds and above, over a distance of 3,200 metres (approximately two miles).
England
* Grand National – Jealousy
* 1,000 Guineas Stakes – Nemesis
* 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Diophantus
* The Derby – Kettledrum
* The Oaks – Brown Duchess
* St. Leger Stakes – Caller Ou
Australia
* Melbourne Cup – Archer
Canada
* Queen's Plate – Wild Irishman

## Rowing

The Boat Race
* 23 March — Oxford wins the 18th Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race
Other events
* Harvard–Yale Regatta – not contested 1861 to 1863
# 2009 in Lithuania

Events in the year 2009 in Lithuania.

## Events
### May

* May - Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009
* 17 May - Dalia Grybauskaitė is elected as President of Lithuania in the 2009 Lithuanian presidential election.

### June

* 7 June - 2009 European Parliament election in Lithuania.

### October

* 5 October - Kaunas shooting

## Sports

* 2009 European Athletics U23 Championships
* 2009 IIHF World Championship Division I
* Lithuania at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships
* 2009 Lithuanian Athletics Championships
* 2009 European Wrestling Championships
* Lithuania at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics
* 2009 A Lyga
* 2009–10 Baltic League
* 2008–09 Lithuanian Football Cup
* 2009–10 Lithuanian Football Cup
* 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 7
# Edythe Kirchmaier

Edythe Kirchmaier (née King, January 22, 1908 – October 24, 2015) was an American social worker, who, at age 105, was the oldest user of social media site Facebook, the oldest registered driver in California and the oldest living graduate of University of Chicago.

## Biography

She was the University of Chicago's oldest living former graduate, and resided in Santa Barbara, California. Kirchmaier attended Springfield High School in Ohio and graduated from Ohio State University in 1930. She spent spring quarters from 1931 to 1934 taking courses and doing field work. She also enrolled in the University of Rochester. She took a position in the welfare department of Cook County, Illinois and in a state welfare office, where she became a supervisor. She met her husband Joe Kirchmaier while working in state welfare and they married in 1938. They had 2 children.
She was the eldest registered driver in California and had a perfect record during her 86 years as a motorist. She was donated a Honda Civic to help her work with her organisation after her caravan was destroyed.
She was married for over 70 years. Her husband died in 2008 at age 98, when she was 100 years of age.
On January 22, 2013, she signed up to Facebook on her 105th birthday. Facebook engineers however had to "decode" information, as her birth year was not recognized In retirement, she volunteered once a week for the charity Direct Relief.

## Media appearances

She was featured on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Today, and on the Oprah Winfrey Network program Super Soul Sunday, for her volunteer work at Direct Relief.

## Death

She died at the age of 107 on October 24, 2015.
# 1962 in Luxembourg

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1962 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

## Incumbents

| Position | Incumbent |
| Grand Duke | Charlotte |
| Prime Minister | Pierre Werner |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Eugène Schaus |
| President of the Chamber of Deputies | Joseph Bech |
| President of the Council of State | Félix Welter |
| Mayor of Luxembourg City | Émile Hamilius |

## Events

* 18 March – Luxembourg City hosts the Eurovision Song Contest 1962 after Jean-Claude Pascal's victory the previous year. Representing Luxembourg, Camillo Felgen finishes third with the song Petit bonhomme.
* 2 June – A law is passed encouraging foreign direct investment in Luxembourg by giving the government the power to grant tax breaks for foreign firms making capital investment.

## Births

* 15 April – Romain Schneider, politician
* 13 September – Michel Wolter, politician

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Charlotte | grand duchess of Luxembourg | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
* ↑ Thewes (2006), p. 155
# 1985 in Luxembourg

The following lists events that happened during 1985 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

## Incumbents

| Position | Incumbent |
| Grand Duke | Jean |
| Prime Minister | Jacques Santer |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Jacques Poos |
| President of the Chamber of Deputies | Léon Bollendorff |
| President of the Council of State | François Goerens |
| Mayor of Luxembourg City | Lydie Polfer |

## Events
### January – March

* 4 January – Luxembourger Gaston Thorn's term as President of the European Commission comes to an end.
* 1 March – SES is established as Europe's first commercial satellite operator.

### April – June

* 5 April – A fire erupts at Notre-Dame Cathedral, in Luxembourg City, destroying the belfry and damaging the roof of the nave.
* 24 April – Representing Luxembourg, Ireen Sheer, Margo, Franck Olivier, Chris & Malcolm Roberts, and Diane Solomon finish thirteenth in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 with the song Children, Kinder, Enfants.
* 15 May – Pope John Paul II arrives in Luxembourg for a two-day visit.
* 1 June – Paul Philipp is appointed head coach of the Luxembourg national football team.
* 14 June – The Schengen Agreement is signed at Schengen, in south-eastern Luxembourg, with the intention of removing border controls between signatory states.

### July – September

* 1 July - Luxembourg assumes the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union for the following six months.

### October – December

* 17 October – Reconstruction work is completed on Notre-Dame Cathedral, after fire damaged the cathedral on 5 April.

## Births

* 16 June – Andy Schleck, cyclist

## Deaths

* 24 April – François Neuens, cyclist
* 9 July – Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
* 8 November – Nicolas Frantz, cyclist

## Footnotes

* ↑ East, Roger; Thomas, Richard J. (3 June 2014). Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders. Routledge. p. 359. ISBN 978-1-317-63939-8.
* ↑ Thewes (2006), p. 191
* ↑ Thewes (2006), p. 208
* ↑ Thewes (2006), p. 206
* ↑ "Charlotte | grand duchess of Luxembourg | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
# 1986 in Luxembourg

The following lists events that happened during 1986 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

## Incumbents

| Position | Incumbent |
| Grand Duke | Jean |
| Prime Minister | Jacques Santer |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Jacques Poos |
| President of the Chamber of Deputies | Léon Bollendorff |
| President of the Council of State | François Goerens |
| Mayor of Luxembourg City | Lydie Polfer |

## Events
### January–March

* 17 February – The Single European Act is signed in The Hague.

### April–June

* 3 May – Representing Luxembourg, Sherisse Laurence finishes third in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986 with the song Sherisse Laurence.
* 8 May – The Karlspreis is awarded to the people of Luxembourg for Luxembourg's commitment to European integration. Grand Duke Jean collects it on the people's behalf.
* 9–12 June – Grand Duke Jean and Grand Duchess Josephine-Charlotte make a state visit to Iceland.

### July–September

* 26 September – Prince Jean renounces the right of succession for himself and his descendants.

### October–December
## Births

* 3 August – Prince Louis of Luxembourg
* 8 December – Princess Marie-Gabrielle of Nassau

## Footnotes

* ↑ East, Roger; Thomas, Richard J. (3 June 2014). Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders. Routledge. p. 359. ISBN 978-1-317-63939-8.
* ↑ Thewes (2006), p. 208
# 1990 in Luxembourg

The following lists events that happened during 1990 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

## Incumbents

| Position | Incumbent |
| Grand Duke | Jean |
| Prime Minister | Jacques Santer |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Jacques Poos |
| President of the Chamber of Deputies | Erna Hennicot-Schoepges |
| President of the Council of State | Georges Thorn |
| Mayor of Luxembourg City | Lydie Polfer |

## Events

* 29 April – A memorial to Grand Duchess Charlotte is opened in Luxembourg City.
* 5 May – Representing Luxembourg, Celine Carzo finishes thirteenth in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 with the song Quand je te rêve.
* 7 December – Cargolux orders six Boeing 747-400s.
* Unknown – France's Christophe Lavainne wins the 1990 Tour de Luxembourg.

## Births

* 17 November – Prince Wenceslas of Nassau

## Deaths

* 1 August – Robert Krieps, politician
* 10 October – René Urbany, politician and journalist
* 4 November – Henry Cravatte, politician

## Footnotes

* ↑ East, Roger; Thomas, Richard J. (3 June 2014). Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders. Routledge. p. 359. ISBN 978-1-317-63939-8.
* ↑ "Boeing order by Cargolux". The New York Times. 7 December 1990. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
# 1995 in Luxembourg

The following lists events that happened during 1995 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

## Incumbents

* Grand Duke – Jean
* Prime Minister – Jacques Santer (to 20 January) Jean-Claude Juncker
* Deputy Prime Minister – Jacques Poos
* President of the Chamber of Deputies – Erna Hennicot-Schoepges Jean Spautz
* President of the Council of State – Paul Beghin
* Mayor of Luxembourg City – Lydie Polfer

## Events
### January – March

* 1 January – Luxembourg City becomes European City of Culture for 1995.
* 20 January – Jacques Santer resigns his position as Prime Minister. He take up his new post as President of the European Commission three days later. Jean-Claude Juncker takes Santer's place.
* 26 January – Jean-Claude Juncker forms a new government, with Jacques Poos as his deputy.
* 22 February – At football, Luxembourg beats Malta 1–0, recording Luxembourg's first victory in international football since 1980.
* 26 March – The Schengen Agreement comes into force.

### April – June

* 25 May – CS Grevenmacher and Jeunesse Esch draw in the final of the Luxembourg Cup, 1-1 after extra time, forcing the game to go to a replay.
* 7 June – The national football team shocks the Czech Republic by winning 1–0 in the qualifying round of the 1996 European Championship: a competition in which the Czechs would reach the final.
* 11 June – CS Grevenmacher win the Luxembourg Cup, beating Jeunesse Esch 3–2 in the replay.
* 11 June – Switzerland's Rolf Järmann wins the 1995 Tour de Luxembourg.
* 21 June - The A3 motorway extension from Croix de Gasperich to Bonnevoie, in Luxembourg City, opens.
* July – The A13 motorway extension from Biff to Rodange, bypassing Pétange, opens.

### July – September

* 31 July – A law is passed giving the go-ahead to the construction of the Liaison avec le Sarre, extending the A13 to the German border.
* 6 September – The national football team again beats Malta 1–0. This would be the last Luxembourgian international victory until 2007.
* 11 September - Raid on warehouse results in the largest bust of an illegal LSD producing factory in Europe to date.

### October – December

* 13 October – The National Literature Centre opens in Mersch.
* 19 October – SES launches its fifth satellite, Astra 1E.

## Deaths

* 18 January – Roger Gilson, cyclist
* 2 May – Albert Bousser, politician

## Footnotes

* ↑ East, Roger; Thomas, Richard J. (3 June 2014). Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders. Routledge. p. 359. ISBN 978-1-317-63939-8.
* 1 2 "Evolution du réseau autoroutier" (in French). Administration des Ponts et Chaussées. 24 January 2008. Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
# 1996 in Luxembourg

The following lists events that happened during 1996 in Luxembourg.

## Incumbents

* Grand Duke – Jean
* Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker
* Deputy Prime Minister – Jacques Poos
* President of the Chamber of Deputies – Jean Spautz
* President of the Council of State – Paul Beghin
* Mayor of Luxembourg City – Lydie Polfer

## Events
### April

* 8 April – SES launches its sixth satellite, Astra 1F.

### May

* 25 May – Union Luxembourg win the Luxembourg Cup, beating Jeunesse Esch 3–1 in the final.

### June

* 9 June – Italy's Alberto Elli wins the 1996 Tour de Luxembourg.
* June – National Museum of Natural History moves to its new premises in Grund, in Luxembourg City.

### August

* August – The section of the A7 motorway between Erpeldange and Friedhaff opens.

### September

* 23 September - The section of the A1 motorway between Irrgarten and Kirchberg opens, completing the motorway and also the south-eastern bypass of Luxembourg City.

## Footnotes

* ↑ East, Roger; Thomas, Richard J. (3 June 2014). Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders. Routledge. p. 359. ISBN 978-1-317-63939-8.
* 1 2 "Evolution du réseau autoroutier" (in French). Administration des Ponts et Chaussées. 24 January 2008. Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
# 2017 in Luxembourg

Events in the year 2017 in Luxembourg.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Henri
* Prime Minister: Xavier Bettel

## Events

* 12 to 13 January – Luxembourg is affected by the Cyclone Egon
* 8 November – The Luxembourg communal elections were held.

## Deaths

* 17 January – Heng Freylinger, Olympic wrestler (b. 1926).
* 20 April – Fernand Leischen, fencer (b. 1919).
# 2019 in Luxembourg

Events from the year 2019 in Luxembourg.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Henri
* Prime Minister: Xavier Bettel

## Events

* 9 August — A multiple-vortex, high-end F2 tornado tore directly through Rodange, Lamadelaine and Pétange, injuring 19 people and causing damage to many buildings, leaving as many as 100 buildings uninhabitable.

## Deaths
### February

* 11 February – Alix, Princess of Ligne, Princess of Luxembourg (b. 1929)
* 21 February
** Bernard Berg, Luxembourgish politician (b. 1931)
** Triny Bourkel, Luxembourgish Olympic athlete (b. 1927)

### March

* 23 March – Ferd Lahure, Luxembourgish footballer (b. 1929)

### April

* 23 April – Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (b. 1921)

### July

* 3 July – Pol Cruchten, Luxembourgish film director (b. 1963)
# Jikhashkari

Jikhashkari or Djikhasjkari (Georgian: ჯიხაშკარი) is a mountainous village in Zugdidi District, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region, Georgia in Chanistsqali river gorge.

## History

The XVIII century Jikhashkari fortress was an important trading post on Black Sea Silk Road Corridor in historical Odishi. The fortress citadel on a mountaintop and a lower fortress connected to the large courtyard. The Summer palace of the Dadiani family, the rulers of Samegrelo, used to be here.
# Perpetuity (sculpture)

Perpetuity is an outdoor 1970 sculpture by Alexander von Svoboda, located in Portland, Oregon.

## Description and history

Perpetuity is a sculpture by Alexander von Svoboda, completed in 1970. It consists of a bronze "seedling" inside a hollowed-out cross section of a 350 feet (110 m), Giant Sequoia tree. The seedling is suspended by bronze shafts that pierce the wood and extend several feet beyond, creating a "sunburst" effect. The sculpture measures approximately 10 feet (3.0 m) x 10 feet (3.0 m) x 3 feet (0.91 m), has a 32-foot (9.8 m) diameter, and weighs 13.5 tons. It rests on a concrete base which measures approximately 85 inches (220 cm) x 38 inches (97 cm) x 38 inches (97 cm). The Smithsonian Institution categorizes the piece as abstract and allegorical ("time", "eternity").
According to Svoboda, the work symbolizes "growth, regeneration and the perpetual cycle of life". Smithsonian offers the following remark by Svoboda: "This is perpetual, the beginning and end of life, or to say it another way, there is no end and no beginning..." The sculpture was surveyed and considered "treatment urgent" by Smithsonian's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in 1993. By then, the sculpture was owned by the World Forestry Center and installed in front of its Merlo Hall, having been donated by Standard Insurance Company.
# Pioneer Woman (Littman)

Pioneer Woman, also known as Joy, Joy (Pioneer Woman), the Laberee Memorial Fountain, Mother/Child and Young Pioneer Woman, is an outdoor 1956 bronze sculpture and drinking fountain by American artist Frederic Littman, located at Council Crest Park in Portland, Oregon.

## Description and history

Located at Council Crest Park on Southwest Fairmont Boulevard, Pioneer Woman is a bronze sculpture and drinking fountain designed by Frederic Littman and completed in 1956. It depicts a standing female figure with her hair flying behind her, holding a baby in her outstretched arms. The sculpture measures approximately 10 feet (3.0 m) x 3 feet (0.91 m) x 3 feet (0.91 m) and rests on a triangular granite base which measures approximately 20 inches (51 cm) x 36 inches (91 cm) x 36 inches (91 cm). The base sits in the center of a hexagonal foundation made of concrete and gravel. An inscription on the base reads "Littman"; another, around the sides of the base, reads: This Fountain a Gift / Of Florence and / George P. Laberee".
The work was donated to the City of Portland by Florence and George P. Laberee. Its condition was deemed "treatment needed" by the Smithsonian Institution's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in November 1993. According to Smithsonian, Pioneer Woman is administered by the City of Portland's Bureau of Parks and Recreation.
# 1622 in Macau

Events from the year 1622 in Portuguese Macau.

## Incumbents

* Captains-Major - Lopo Sarmento de Carvalho

## Events
### June

* 22–24 June - Battle of Macau.