OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Untitled (Hardy)

Untitled is an outdoor 1952 fountain and sculpture by Tom Hardy, installed at the Park Blocks in Eugene, Oregon, United States.

## Description and history

Tom Hardy's untitled fountain (1952) is installed at the northeast corner of Eugene's Park Blocks, near the intersection of 8th Avenue and Oak Street. The fountain's bronze sculpture depicts a school of fish, possibly salmon, jumping in and out of the water and measures approximately 69 inches (1.8 m) x 18 feet (5.5 m), 8 inches (0.20 m) x 5 feet (1.5 m). Surrounding the sculpture are five water jets. The fountain's base is made of concrete and embedded stones, and measures approximately 24 inches (0.61 m) x 40 feet (12 m) x 40 feet (12 m).
The work was surveyed and deemed "well maintained" by the Smithsonian Institution's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in August 1993. It was administered the Cultural Services Division of the City of Eugene's Library, Recreation and Cultural Services Department at that time.
# Street Talk (D.I.T.C. album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| RapReviews.com | 6.5/10 |
Street Talk is a 2005 album by hip hop producer Show, released with his crew D.I.T.C. The album is produced by Show and Lord Finesse, and features appearances from Big L, Big Pun, M.O.P., Fat Joe, O.C., A.G. and Party Arty and D-Flow of the Ghetto Dwellas.

## Track listing

| # | Title | Producer(s) | Performer (s) |
| 1 | "A Whole Lotta" | Lord Finesse, Show | A-Bless |
| 2 | "On My Way" | Show | Fat Joe, Party Arty |
| 3 | "Chase Game" | Show | O.C., A.G. |
| 4 | "Where You At?" | Show | Big L, Big Pun |
| 5 | "Pounds Up (Remix)" | Show | M.O.P. |
| 6 | "Back in My Hood" | Show | Big L, Party Arty |
| 7 | "All Seasons" | Show, Lord Finesse | Party Arty |
| 8 | "A Lotta Love" | Show | Party Arty |
| 9 | "That's Bless" | Show | A-Bless |
| 10 | "Bronx Tales" | Show | Fat Joe |
| 11 | "A Look at My Life" | Show | Party Arty |
| 12 | "Done in Vain" | Lord Finesse | Milano |
| 13 | "Best Behavior" | Show | Big Pun, Fat Joe |
| 14 | "Show & Prove" | Show | Party Arty |
| 15 | "My Bad" | Show | Fat Joe, Party Arty |
| 16 | "Deal With a Feelin'" | Show | Milano |
| 17 | "You Ain't a Killer" | Show | A.G., Ruck, Party Arty, D-Flow |
| 18 | "Ridin' & Rollin'" | Lord Finesse | D-Flow, A-Bless |
# Eudonia senecaensis

Eudonia senecaensis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in France.
# Yaeum-Jangsaengpo-dong

Yaeum-Jangsaengpo-dong is a dong, or neighborhood, of Nam-gu in Ulsan, South Korea.
Originally Yaeum 1-Jangsaengpo-dong, the neighborhood was renamed in 2007.
# Jesse D. Hampton

Jesse D. Hampton (1879–1968) was an American film producer of the silent era. He also directed three films. Hampton was originally a tobacco executive before turning to filmmaking. From 1918 he rented space at the KCET Studios for his independent productions. The following year he constructed his own studios, later taken over by Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford before eventually becoming the Samuel Goldwyn Studio.
Many of his productions were distributed by Pathe Exchange and Film Booking Offices of America. His period as a filmmaker was brief, with his last known involvement being the 1923 film The Spoilers.

## Selected filmography

* Three X Gordon (1918)
* Prisoners of the Pines (1918)
* What Every Woman Wants (1919)
* The Drifters (1919)
* A Fugitive from Matrimony (1919)
* A Woman of Pleasure (1919)
* The Pagan God (1919)
* Fighting Cressy (1919)
* The Prodigal Liar (1919)
* The Prince and Betty (1919)
* The Gray Wolf's Ghost (1919)
* A Sagebrush Hamlet (1919)
* The End of the Game (1919)
* Haunting Shadows (1919)
* Bare-Fisted Gallagher (1919)
* Help Wanted - Male (1920)
* Dice of Destiny (1920)
* Her Unwilling Husband (1920)
* A Broadway Cowboy (1920)
* Uncharted Channels (1920)
* The White Dove (1920)
* Their Mutual Child (1920)
* The Girl in the Web (1920)
* Simple Souls (1920)
* Felix O'Day (1920)
* One Hour Before Dawn (1920)
* The Deadlier Sex (1920)
* When We Were 21 (1921)
* The Cave Girl (1921)
* That Girl Montana (1921)
* The Spoilers (1923)
# Herman Schultz (sport shooter)

Herman Schultz (born 6 May 1901, date of death unknown) was a Monegasque sports shooter. He competed at the 1924, 1936, 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Jabal ibn Jawwal

Jabal ibn Jawwal (Arabic: جبل بن جوال بن صفوان بن بلال الذبياني الثعلبي اليهودي) was a Jewish poet who wrote in the Arabic language during the 7th century. He was a contemporary of Muhammad.
According to ibn Hisham (Kitab Sirat Rasul Allah, ed. Wüstenfeld, pp. 690, 713) and Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani ("Kitab al-Aghani," viii. 104), Jabal was a Tha'alabite (Abu al-Faraj gives the whole genealogy), but neither of them mentions the fact that he was a Jew. Ibn Hajar, however, in his biographical dictionary "Kitab al-Ashabah fi Tamyiz al-Shahabah" (ed. Sprenger, i. 453), relying on ibn al-Kalbi and on al-Marzabani, declares that such was the case and that Jabal subsequently embraced Islam. Yaqut ("Mu'jam," i. 765), quoting a verse of Jabal, calls him erroneously "Jamal ibn Jawwal al-Taghlabi."
Jabal is sporadically cited by the above-mentioned Arabic authors. Abu al-Faraj (l.c. p. 101) quotes two verses of Jabal's, apparently from a poem which he addressed to al-Shammakh, himself a Tha'alabite poet, in reference to a quarrel that arose between them. This is probably the same incident as that related by Abu al-Faraj (l.c. p. 104); namely, that al-Shammakh fell in love with Jabal's sister Kalbah, and when, shortly afterward, al-Shammakh went on a journey she married his brother, giving rise to a poetical contest between the disappointed lover and Jabal. Eleven other verses by Jabal, indicating sufficiently the poet's Jewish religion, are quoted by ibn Hisham (l.c. p. 713). They are an elegy on the death of Huyayy ibn Akhtab (according to Sprenger's punctuation in ibn Hajar, l.c., "Jubayy"), chief of the Banu al-Nadir, and on the defeat by Muhammad of this tribe and of the Banu Qurayza. These verses were a reply to the poet Hassan ibn Thabit. They apparently do not form a complete poem; for ibn Hajar (l.c.) quotes a verse of Jabal's not appearing in the quotation of Ibn Hisham, but having the same meter and the same rhyme, and therefore probably from the same poem.
# Winter Rider No. 2

Winter Rider No. 2, also known as Winter Rider Variation, is an outdoor bronze sculpture by American artist James Lee Hansen, located on the Transit Mall of downtown Portland, Oregon.

## Description and history

Winter Rider No. 2 is a bronze sculpture by James Lee Hansen, located at the intersection of Southwest 6th Avenue and Taylor Street, Portland Transit Mall. Completed in 2003, the abstract 7-foot (2.1 m) tall equestrian statue depicts a horse and rider. It was installed at its current location in February 2010; previously, it was installed at the Public Service Building. The sculpture is owned by the Douglas Goodman family and is on loan to the city as part of the Transit Mall's Northwest sculpture collection.
Hansen's Talos No. 2 (1977) is also installed on the Transit Mall, at the intersection of Southwest Sixth Avenue and Stark Street.
# Ashi Hi Aashiqui

Ashi Hi Aashiqui is a 2019 Indian Marathi-language romantic drama film written and directed by Sachin Pilgaonkar, featuring Abhinay Berde and Hemal Ingle in the leading roles. The film is produced by T-Series, Moving Pictures and Sushriya Chitra.

## Plot

Instead of using Amarja's assistance to impress his crush, Swayam develops feelings for her. After Amarja is diagnosed with a fatal illness, the couple's decision to be married changes the course of events.

## Cast

* Abhinay Berde as Swayam Deshmukh
* Hemal Ingle as Amarja Kulkarni
* Karan Bhanushali as Jai
* Sunil Barve as Deshmukh
* Sandeep Pathak as Constable Wakde
* Nirmiti Sawant as Rakhamma
* Snehal Borkar as Avni
* Pooja Pawar as Amarja's mother
* Paritosh Pradhan as Dr. Aditya Kulkarni
* Kishore Anand Bhanushali as Jhonny

## Production

Two songs and some parts of the film have been shot in Switzerland. Sachin Pilgaonkar is the first director to shoot a Marathi film in Switzerland. Hemal Ingle was chosen as star opposite to Abhinay Berde, marking her first appearance in the Marathi film.

## Release

The film was theatrically released on 1 March 2019 throughout Maharashtra. Previously it was set to be released in theatres on 24 December 2018, and then 14 February 2019.

## Reception
### Critical reception

Mayuri Phadnis of The Times of India rated 2.0/5 and wrote "A strong screenplay could have been as gamechanger in for this script. But due to the lack of both, a strong script and good execution, it fails to keep the viewer engaged." Abhijeet Thite of Maharashtra Times rated 2.5/5 and gave mixed review.

## Music

The soundtrack album is composed by Sachin Pilgaonkar and the songs are sung by Sonu Nigam, Priyanka Barve, Shanmukha Priya, Janhavi Prabhu Arora under the T-Series lebal.
# After the Bath (Renoir)

After the Bath (French: La sortie du bain, lit. 'Getting out of the bath') is a painting from 1910 by the French painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir representing his late work period (1892–1919). The painting is now in the Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia.

## Provenance

The painting was purchased from the artist in Paris, by Paul Durand-Ruel in October 1910. On December 18, 1915, Albert C. Barnes (the founder of the institution) purchased it from the latter.
# Ronald Murray (rugby union)

Ronald Murray (November 14, 1912 – March 5, 1995) was a Scottish international rugby union player.
He was capped twice for Scotland in 1935. He also played for Cambridge University RFC.
His brother George was also capped for Scotland.
# Morgan Library, MS M.500

Morgan Library, MS M.500 is a 13th-century illuminated manuscript of the Manafi'-i hayavan ("The Benefits of Animals") of Ibn Bukhtishu (980–1058). It was commissioned in 1297–1299 by the Mongol ruler Ghazan. It is written in Persian, and is one of the earliest known examples of the "metropolitan style" of the Mongol Ilkhanid court, together with the 1290 Tarikh-i Jahangushay. It is now in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York.

## Background information

The manuscript ‘Manafi'-i hayavan' is one of the earliest surviving illustrated manuscripts from the reign of Ghazan. The colophon states that it was written in Maragheh, Iran, in 699 or 697 H. The original text was composed in Baghdad. Following that the manuscript was translated into Persian by ʻAbd al-Hādī ibn Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd ibn Ibrahīm al-Marāghī following the command of the Mongol ruler of Iran Ghazan (ruled 1295-1304). This copy is most probably the original copy which is still preserved in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York.

## Paintings

The paintings of this manuscript ‘Manafi'-i hayavan’ have a distinctive style. They consist of animals set among stylized landscape features. The trees and water are not directly drawn from nature, instead, they are composed of stylized vegetation that is placed in a decorative pattern on the stems. Additionally, the majority of the miniatures in the Morgan Library are framed, and the background vegetation is depicted with scant naturalism. Most paintings reflect earlier Mesopotamian and Arab styles but several also display a new feature, Chinese influence.

## Arab style paintings

The horizon in Figures 1-2 consists only of a grassy ground, and the background shows stylized trees as well as birds, which are common in earlier Arab paintings. However, the animal bodies in both paintings are drawn in a more calligraphical, naturalistic Chinese style painting.
* Figure 1. Two elephants, Manafi'-i hayavan in the background, birds in flowering plants, by Ibn Bakhtishu, 1295. The Morgan Library and Museum, NY
* Figure 2. Seated lion behind reclining lioness, Manafi'-i hayavan, from the Bestiary of Ibn Bakhtishu, Maragha, 1298

## Chinese influence

Persian painting now started to use a technique that was previously common in China in which the frame cut off elements within it, as if looking through a window. An example of this can be found in "A mare followed by a stallion," from 'Manafi'-i hayavan’, 1297–1299, Maragha. (Figure 3). Unlike earlier Arab paintings, the frame now cuts off the scene from the viewer. Other Chinese influences include the use of multiple horizons and the detailed depiction of the knotted trunk of the tree.
# Yaeum-dong

Yaeum-dong was a dong, or neighborhood, of Nam-gu in Ulsan, South Korea. Yaeum-dong was originally subdivided into 3 smaller districts: Yaeum 1-Jangsaengpo-dong, Yaeum 2-dong, and Yaeum 3-dong. In 2007, Yaeum 1-Jangsaengpo-dong was renamed Yaeum-Jangsaengpo-dong, Yaeum 2-dong was renamed Daehyeon-dong, and Yaeum 3-dong was renamed Suam-dong.
# Florence Eves

Florence Elizabeth Eves (d. 1911) was an English physiologist noted as the first woman to receive a degree in physiology.
Educated at North London Collegiate School, she took classes at University College London before studying the natural science tripos at Newnham College, Cambridge in 1878. She gained a class I pass in 1881, and received her BSc from the University of London that year as Cambridge was not awarding degrees to women. She came highest in the class in the London examinations for botany and physiology.
Eves was one of the first recipients of a Bathurst studentship to continue her research at Newnham in 1881–2, and worked as a demonstrator in chemistry at Newnham from 1881 to 1887.
She studied the process of liver ferment, publishing solo and with John Newport Langley about her findings in the Journal of Physiology.
She was involved with the establishment of the Balfour Biological Laboratory for Women, raising funds for it in 1881 (including a donation from Charles Darwin) and collaborating with Marion Greenwood on a prospectus for its teaching when it opened in 1884.
From 1887, Eves was a teacher at Manchester High School for Girls and St Leonards School, St Andrews. She was interested in social reform, and became head of the Women’s House of the Christian Socialist Union in Hoxton.
She died on 11 February 1911.

## Select publications

* (with John Langley) 'On certain conditions which influence the amylolytic action of saliva,' Journal of Physiology 4 (1883) 18–28
* 'On some experiments on the liver ferment,' Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 5 (1884) 182–3
* 'Some experiments on the liver ferment,' Journal of Physiology 5:4–6 (1885) 342–351
# Yulha-dong

Yulha-dong is a dong in Dong District, Daegu, South Korea. Its name literally means "beneath the chestnut tree." It lies just north of the Geumho River. Yulha-dong is the legal dong; its boundaries coincide with the administrative entity Ansim 1-dong.
Singi station and Yulha station on Daegu Metro Line 1 are located in Yulha-dong. A shrine to Seven Year War commemorate hero Choe Eung-dam is also located there.
# Mykyta Koptielov

Mykyta Koptielov (born 12 October 1999) is a Ukrainian swimmer. He competed in the men's 100 metre breaststroke event at the 2018 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m), in Hangzhou, China. He also competed in the men's 200 metre breaststroke event. In 2019, he won the bronze medal in the men's 200 metre breaststroke event at the 2019 Military World Games held in Wuhan, China.
# Tonan Maebashi

Tonan Maebashi is a Japanese football club based in Maebashi, Gunma. They play in the 2nd division of the Kantō Soccer League.

## Stadium

In the 2020 Kanto Soccer League, home games will be held at the Gunma Electric Athletics and Soccer Stadium at Maebashi Sports Park and the NTT Zuminan Super Ground.
In 2013, when the team applied for associate membership in the J.League, they chose the Maebashi Sports Park Athletics and Soccer Stadium as their home ground (in 2013, only the final match was held here).
As a reason for sticking to Maebashi Sports Park as a home base, in the web magazine THE PAGE, Hiroshi Sugawara said, "Shikishima soccer field, athletics stadium Shoda Shoyu Stadium, Gunma belongs to Gunma Prefecture, so I just want to go to J3 from Maebashi City (General Sports Park)." However, according to the J.League license and J3 standards, the capacity must be 5,000 or more in principle, and facilities such as locker rooms, waiting rooms, and press conference halls for players and referees are required.

## Squad

    As of 23 August 2023.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | JPN | Hiroya Yoshiuchi |
| 2 | DF | JPN | Yoshiaki Otsuka |
| 3 | DF | JPN | Kanta Takahashi |
| 4 | DF | JPN | Hikaru Yasuda |
| 5 | MF | JPN | Daichi Inui |
| 6 | DF | JPN | Jun Tanaka |
| 7 | MF | JPN | Daiki Hiraishi |
| 8 | MF | JPN | Kanta Hamaya |
| 9 | FW | JPN | Shoma Misao |
| 11 | FW | JPN | Yudai Saito |
| 13 | FW | PRK | Kim Seong-cheol |
| 14 | MF | JPN | Akihiro Miyazaki |
| 15 | MF | JPN | Rei Nakajima |
| 16 | DF | JPN | Tomoki Yoshiuchi |
| 17 | FW | JPN | Kazuma Takehana |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 18 | FW | JPN | Masato Yoshiuchi |
| 19 | FW | JPN | Ryota Tomita |
| 20 | DF | JPN | Jun Hayashi |
| 22 | MF | KOR | Park Se-jun |
| 24 | DF | JPN | Taishi Nishimura |
| 25 | MF | JPN | Tomoki Chosa |
| 26 | DF | JPN | Haruki Morishita |
| 27 | MF | JPN | Asahi Kodate |
| 29 | FW | BRA | Victor |
| 30 | MF | BRA | Felipe Freitas |
| 31 | FW | BRA | Mateus Katai |
| 33 | MF | JPN | Genki Hoshi |
| 34 | MF | JPN | Tatsuki Yanagihara |
| 41 | GK | JPN | Go Kaburaki |
# The Beaneater

The Beaneater (Italian: Mangiafagioli) is a painting by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci. Dating from 1580 to 1590 (probably 1583–1584), it is housed in the gallery of Palazzo Colonna of Rome.
The painting is connected to the contemporary Butcher's Shop (now at Oxford), for it shares the same popular style. Painted in Bologna, it is a broadly and realistically painted still life, which owes much to Flanders and Holland.
Carracci was also influenced in the depiction of everyday life subjects by Vincenzo Campi and Bartolomeo Passarotti. Manifest is Carracci's capability to adapt his style, making it "lower" when concerning "lower" subjects like the Mangiafagioli, while in his more academic works (such as the broadly contemporary Assumption of the Virgin) he was able to use a more classicist composure with the same ease.
# Erwin Reimer

Erwin Reimer (29 May 1914 – 23 April 1997) was a Chilean athlete. He competed in the men's decathlon at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Belle Chain Islets

The Belle Chain Islets, originally simply the Belle Chain are a group of small islands off the north end of Saturna Island on the west side of the Strait of Georgia on the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada. The Belle Chain Islets are part of Gulf Islands National Park Reserve and are Authorized Access Only except for Lot 65 (Little Samuel Island) which is available for day use by boaters and kayakers.

## Name origin

The islets are believed to have been named c. 1860 for Isabel ("Belle"), youngest daughter of Captain Jeremiah Nagle, then Harbourmaster for Vancouver Island. They may also have been named after a Mr. Belle, a crewman with the Wilkes Expedition in 1841.
# Frank Gaudion

Francis Charles Gaudion (22 June 1882 – 12 July 1952) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Nils Bergström (athlete)

Nils Bergström (17 November 1898 – 27 January 1988) was a Swedish long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# John Bedell-Sivright

John Bedell-Sivright was a Scottish rugby union player.
He was capped once for Scotland in 1902. He also played for Cambridge University RFC.
He was the brother of David Bedell-Sivright who was also capped for Scotland, and who is considered one of the great Scotland players of all time.
Additional information about John Bedell-Sivright career below;
JOHN BEDELL-SIVRIGHT Scotland :
* Full name John Vandaleur Bedell-Sivright
* Born 18 October 1881, Inverkeithing
* Died 21 October 1920, Montrose (aged 39 years 3 days)
* Major teams Scotland
* Position Forward
Test Career :
| | Span | Mat | Start | Sub | Pts | Tries | Conv | Pens | Drop | GfM | Won | Lost | Draw | % |
| All Tests | 1902-1902 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Five/Six Nations | 1902-1902 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 |
Career Statistics :
| Only Test | Wales v Scotland at Cardiff, Feb 1, 1902 match details |
| Test Statsguru | Main menu | Career summary | Match list |
# Eccles James Gott

Eccles James Gott (4 September 1884 – 15 June 1939) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Amherstburg, Ontario and became a real estate broker.
Gott attended schools at Amherstburg and Gesto, then secondary school at Essex Centre, Ontario.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Essex South riding in the 1925 general election then re-elected there in 1926 and 1930. Gott was defeated in the 1935 election by Murray Clark of the Liberal party.
# The Descendants of Cain

The Descendants of Cain (Korean: 카인의 후예) is a 1954 novel by South Korean writer Hwang Sun-won (황순원).
It was instantly popular and has continued to be a steady seller ever since. It was selected by LTI Korea for translation into English and French.

## Plot

Set in 1946, the novel's central theme is the forced collectivization of agricultural land in North Korea, a national crisis that altered the path of the history of Korea. The main character Pak Hun goes through a romantic experience with a married daughter of his tenent farmer, which greatly changes his worldview and opinions on the Soviet occupation of Korea.

## Publication details

* Sun-won, Hwang. (1997). The Descendants of Cain. Trans. Suh Ji-Moon and Julie Pickering. Chicago: East Gate Book. ISBN 0-7656-0137-0.

## Film

The novel was adapted into a 1968 movie directed by Yu Hyun-mok.
# Lothar Müthel

Lothar Müthel (né Lothar Max Lütcke; 18 February 1896 – 4 September 1964) was a German stage and film actor and director.

## Career

Müthel was born in Berlin, where he attended the acting school of Max Reinhardt, Schauspielschule, Berlin. Following the Anchluss of Austria to Nazi Germany, Müthel was appointed as director of the Burgtheater in Vienna. He held that position from 1939 until the fall of the Nazi regime in 1945. Under his directorship in 1943, a notoriously extreme production of The Merchant of Venice was staged at the Burgtheater, with Werner Krauss as Shylock.

## Death

Müthel died in Frankfurt am Main at age 68.

## Selected filmography

* The Galley Slave (1919)
* The Golem: How He Came into the World (1920) as Knight Florian
* The Woman in Heaven (1920) as Feodor
* The Mayor of Zalamea (1920) as Juan
* The Night of Queen Isabeau (1920) as Jehan
* Destiny (1921) as the messenger
* The False Dimitri (1922) as the Polish envoy
* Lucrezia Borgia (1922) as Juan Borgia
* Goetz von Berlichingen of the Iron Hand (1925) as Brother Martin
* Faust (1926) as the monk
* Yorck (1931) as General von Clausewitz
# Twenty-First Century

The Twenty-First Century is a Hong Kong intellectual journal published bimonthly, with a high standard of contributions both in the social sciences and the humanities, which played an important role in Chinese intellectual life since the early 1990s.

## Overview

After the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, the intellectual scene within mainland China was enervated, both by the effects of political conditions on the possibilities for discourse and by a sizable intellectual exodus to the West. Founded by Jin Guantao and his wife Liu Qingfeng, theTwenty-First Century was first published in October 1990. At first, it was the only journal available to the thinkers of the new diaspora. It therefore became a very important site for debate (for example, on conservatism and radicalism in 20th-century Chinese thought, or on China's state capacity), though it was difficult to obtain copies in the mainland.
Aside from its importance in the maintenance and the progress of Chinese intellectual discourse during this time, The Twenty-First Century is also of historical importance as a document of the first stages of the internationalization of Chinese intellectual life during the 1990s.