OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1985 IAAF World Indoor Games – Men's 800 metres

The men's 800 metres event at the 1985 IAAF World Indoor Games was held at the Palais Omnisports Paris-Bercy on 18 and 19 January.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Colomán Trabado Spain | Benjamín González Spain | Ikem Billy Great Britain |

## Results
### Heats

First 2 of each heat (Q) and next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Petru Drăgoescu | Romania | 1:49.20 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Benjamín González | Spain | 1:49.40 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Ikem Billy | Great Britain | 1:49.66 | q |
| 4 | 2 | Colomán Trabado | Spain | 1:50.33 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | André Lavie | France | 1:50.54 | q |
| 6 | 2 | Tonino Viali | Italy | 1:50.82 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | Didier Marquant | France | 1:50.98 | |
| 8 | 2 | Roland Weedon | Great Britain | 1:51.17 | |
| 9 | 1 | Jack McIntosh | United States | 1:52.85 | |
| 10 | 2 | Luis Migueles | Argentina | 1:53.89 | |
| 11 | 1 | Assar Hassan Allah | Sudan | 1:56.27 | NR |
| 12 | 1 | Yeung Sai Mo | Hong Kong | 1:56.47 | NR |
| 13 | 2 | Khaled Khalifa | Kuwait | 1:57.30 | |
| | 1 | Edwin Koech | Kenya | DNS | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Colomán Trabado | Spain | 1:47.42 |
| | Benjamín González | Spain | 1:47.94 |
| | Ikem Billy | Great Britain | 1:48.28 |
| 4 | Petru Drăgoescu | Romania | 1:48.34 |
| 5 | André Lavie | France | 1:50.29 |
| 6 | Tonino Viali | Italy | 1:50.85 |
# George Gray (Pennsylvania politician)

George Gray (1725–1800) served as a member of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and as its Speaker in 1783.
His father, also named George Gray, had purchased 199 acres of land on both sides of the Schuylkill River in what was then Blockley Township (present-day West Philadelphia) and Moyamensing (present-day South Philadelphia). The elder Gray founded Gray's Ferry Tavern and Inn on the western bank of the river and took over operation of Gray's Ferry. In 1740, the father retired, leaving the businesses to his sons, Robert and 15-year-old George.
In 1748, the younger George Gray became a lieutenant in Company Nine of the Associators, a volunteer militia.
In 1772, Gray was elected to the Colonial Assembly, and served through its transition to becoming the State Assembly in 1776. He was elected 34th Speaker of the Assembly on October 30, 1783. His term saw the establishment of Harrisburg, now the state capital.
While Speaker of the Assembly, Gray served, ex officio, as a trustee of the University of the State of Pennsylvania (now the University of Pennsylvania).
He was the author of "Treason Resolutions", ordering paper currency, for which he was turned out of the Quaker Meeting.
He was on the Committee of Safety when appointed chairman of the Board of War.
In 1784, Gray was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society.
Gray was a signatory to ratification of the United States Constitution by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1787.
Gray had a summer residence in Thornton, Pennsylvania, known as "Yellow House". It is part of the Thornton Village Historic District which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

## Personal life

Gray married Martha Ibbetson (or Ibison) on November 25, 1752.
# SM UB-56

SM UB-56 was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. She was commissioned into the Flanders Flotilla of the German Imperial Navy on 19 July 1917 as SM UB-56.
She operated as part of the Flanders Flotilla based in Zeebrugge. UB-56 was sunk at 23:41 on 19 December 1917 at 50°58′N 01°21′E﻿ / ﻿50.967°N 1.350°E﻿ / 50.967; 1.350 after striking a mine, 37 crew members lost their lives in the event.

## Construction

She was built by AG Weser, Bremen and following just under a year of construction, launched at Bremen on 6 June 1917. UB-56 was commissioned later that same year . Like all Type UB III submarines, UB-56 carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a 8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun. UB-56 would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of 9,020 nautical miles (16,710 km; 10,380 mi). UB-56 had a displacement of 516 t (508 long tons) while surfaced and 646 t (636 long tons; 712 short tons) when submerged. Her engines enabled her to travel at 13.4 knots (24.8 km/h; 15.4 mph) when surfaced and 7.8 knots (14.4 km/h; 9.0 mph) when submerged.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate |
| 13 November 1917 | Atlas | United Kingdom | 989 | Sunk |
| 13 November 1917 | Axwell | United Kingdom | 1,442 | Sunk |
| 17 November 1917 | Lalen Mendi | Spain | 2,183 | Sunk |
| 21 November 1917 | Maine | France | 773 | Sunk |
# Gelli Bridge

Gelli Bridge is a Grade II listed two-arch bridge spanning the River Syfynwy a few yards before its confluence with the Eastern Cleddau. The date of the bridge is not known, though projecting keystones suggest it is 18th century. It has been modified since its original construction.
The unequal semicircular arches span 7 m and 4 m and the roadway is 2.4 m between the parapets, with wider approaches. It may originally have had a third, small arch to the east of the main span.
The bridge is listed twice (with different IDs and dates) because it falls within two parishes. This listed bridge is not to be confused with several other bridges in the vicinity which carry road and rail across the Eastern Cleddau and another tributary.
# Øyslebø og Laudal

Øyslebø og Laudal is a former municipality in Vest-Agder county, that was located in the old Vest-Agder county in Norway. The 250-square-kilometre (97 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until 1899. The administrative centre was the village of Øyslebø. The municipality was located in part of the present-day municipality of Lindesnes in Agder county.

## History

The parish of Øslebø og Løvdal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). According to the 1835 census, the parish had a population of 1,895. The spelling of the name was later changed to Øyslebø. On 1 January 1899, Øyslebø og Laudal was split to create two new municipalities: Øyslebø (population: 991) and Laudal (population: 836). These two municipalities later merged with the majority of Bjelland and a portion of Finsland to form the new municipality of Marnardal.

### Name

The parishes of Øyslebø and Laudal were merged in 1838 and the new, resulting municipality was given the compound name Øyslebø og Laudal, literally meaning "Øyslebø and Laudal".
The parish of Øyslebø is named after the old Øyslebø farm (Old Norse: Øyðslubœr) since the first Øyslebø Church was built there. The first element comes from the old name for the local river Øyðsla. The old river name was likely derived from the verb eyða which means "to destroy". The last element is bœr which means "farm" or "farmstead". Historically, the name was spelled Øslebø or Øislebø.
The parish of Laudal is named after the old Laudal farm (Old Norse: Laugardalr) since the first Laudal Church was built there. The first element of the name of the farm comes from the old name for the river, Laug, (now the Lågåna river). The old river name is identical to the word laug which means "bath". The last element is dalr which means "valley" or "dale". Therefore, the name means the bath river valley.
# Arnaud Lisembart

Arnaud Lisembart (born 29 December 1984) is a French retired professional football player.
Previously, he played on the professional level in Ligue 2 for Le Mans and one season in Belgium with Oud-Heverlee Leuven in the Belgian Second Division. His other previous clubs include Cherbourg, Rodez, Sablé-sur-Sarthe and Rouen.
# Barnhouse Settlement

The Neolithic Barnhouse Settlement is sited by the shore of Loch of Harray, Orkney Mainland, Scotland, not far from the Standing Stones of Stenness, about 5 miles north-east of Stromness.
It was discovered in 1984 by Colin Richards.$^{:45}$ Excavations were conducted between 1986 and 1991, over time revealing the base courses of at least 15 houses. The houses have similarities to those of the early phase of the better-known settlement at Skara Brae in that they have central hearths, beds built against the walls and stone dressers, and internal drains, but differ in that the houses seem to have been free-standing. The settlement dates back to circa 3000 BC.$^{:52}$
Pottery of the grooved ware type was found, as at the Stones of Stenness and Skara Brae.$^{:32}$ Flint and stone tools were found, as well as a piece of pitchstone thought to have come from the Isle of Arran.
The largest of the original buildings was House 2. It was double-sized, featuring a higher building standard than the other houses and unlike the others was rebuilt up to five times. House 2 seems to have remained in use throughout the inhabited period of the settlement. The houses were clustered around a central open area which was divided into areas for making pottery and the working of flint, bones and hides. Evidence suggests that Barnhouse was abandoned around 2600 BC.$^{:52}$
After Barnhouse ceased to be occupied, another structure was added, partially on top of the earlier building sites. Known as Structure 8, this building had a room about 7 m (23 ft) square with walls 3 m (10 ft) thick and an entrance facing towards the north west so that the midsummer sunset shines along the passageway, with similarities to some chambered cairns. The structure was surrounded by a clay platform. The entrance through this was aligned with Maeshowe. The structure is assumed to have served as a ceremonial site rather than as a dwelling.$^{:48,52,56}$ It is thought to be closely linked with the nearby Stones of Stenness. Some of the hearth slabs from the structure may have been moved to the Stones.$^{:32}$
This site is accessible to the public via a footpath from the Standing Stones of Stenness.
* Barnhouse settlement
* Main building
* Main building
* Main building
# 1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's high jump

The men's high jump event at the 1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held on 11–12 March.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Javier Sotomayor Cuba | Labros Papakostas Greece | Tony Barton United States |

## Results
### Qualification

Qualification: 2.26 (Q) or at least 12 best performers (q) qualified for the final.
| Rank | Group | Name | Nationality | 2.00 | 2.10 | 2.15 | 2.20 | 2.24 | 2.26 | Result | Notes |
| 1 | A | Gilmar Mayo | Colombia | – | – | o | – | o | xo | 2.26 | Q |
| 2 | A | Stevan Zorić | Yugoslavia | – | – | o | o | xo | xo | 2.26 | Q |
| 3 | A | Steve Smith | United States | – | – | – | o | o | xxo | 2.26 | Q |
| 4 | A | Ettore Ceresoli | Italy | – | o | o | – | o | xxx | 2.24 | q |
| 5 | B | Dalton Grant | Great Britain | – | – | – | xo | o | – | 2.24 | q |
| 6 | B | Toni Riepl | Germany | – | – | xo | o | xo | – | 2.24 | q |
| 7 | A | Dimitrios Kokotis | Greece | – | – | o | o | x– | xx | 2.20 | q |
| 7 | B | Javier Sotomayor | Cuba | – | – | – | o | – | – | 2.20 | q |
| 7 | B | Labros Papakostas | Greece | – | – | – | o | – | – | 2.20 | q |
| 7 | B | Ralf Sonn | Germany | – | – | – | o | – | – | 2.20 | q |
| 7 | B | Steinar Hoen | Norway | – | – | – | o | – | – | 2.20 | q |
| 7 | B | Håkon Särnblom | Norway | – | – | – | o | – | – | 2.20 | q |
| 7 | B | Tony Barton | United States | – | – | o | o | – | – | 2.20 | q |
| 14 | A | Gustavo Becker | Spain | – | – | o | xo | xxx | | 2.20 | |
| 15 | B | Brendan Reilly | Great Britain | – | – | xo | xo | xxx | | 2.20 | |
| 16 | B | Eugen-Cristian Popescu | Romania | – | – | o | xxo | xxx | | 2.20 | |
| 17 | B | Oleg Zhukovskiy | Belarus | – | – | xo | xxx | | | 2.15 | |
| 18 | A | Ivan Penavić | Croatia | o | o | xxx | | | | 2.10 | |
| 19 | A | Hugo Muñoz | Peru | – | xxo | xxx | | | | 2.10 | |
| 20 | A | Antonio Pazzaglia | San Marino | xo | xxx | | | | | 2.00 | |
| | A | Rupert Charles | Dominica | xxx | | | | | | NM | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | 2.15 | 2.20 | 2.24 | 2.28 | 2.32 | 2.35 | 2.38 | 2.41 | 2.44 | Results | Notes |
| | Javier Sotomayor | Cuba | – | – | xo | – | o | o | o | – | xxx | 2.38 | |
| | Labros Papakostas | Greece | – | o | o | xo | xo | xo | x– | xx | | 2.35 | NR |
| | Tony Barton | United States | – | o | o | o | o | xxx | | | | 2.32 | |
| 4 | Steinar Hoen | Norway | – | – | o | – | xo | xxx | | | | 2.32 | |
| 5 | Ralf Sonn | Germany | – | o | o | o | xxx | | | | | 2.28 | |
| 6 | Stevan Zorić | Yugoslavia | – | o | o | xo | xxx | | | | | 2.28 | |
| 7 | Steve Smith | United States | – | xo | xo | xo | xxx | | | | | 2.28 | |
| 8 | Dalton Grant | Great Britain | – | o | o | xxo | xx– | x | | | | 2.28 | |
| 8 | Ettore Ceresoli | Italy | o | o | o | xxo | xx | | | | | 2.28 | |
| 10 | Håkon Särnblom | Norway | – | – | o | – | xxx | | | | | 2.24 | |
| 10 | Gilmar Mayo | Colombia | o | – | o | xxx | | | | | | 2.24 | |
| 12 | Toni Riepl | Germany | o | o | xxo | xxx | | | | | | 2.24 | |
| 13 | Dimitrios Kokotis | Greece | – | o | xx– | x | | | | | | 2.20 | |
# Scaly-breasted illadopsis

The scaly-breasted illadopsis (Illadopsis albipectus) is a species of bird in the family Pellorneidae. It is widespread throughout the Congo Basin, with a few isolated pockets in northern Angola, Uganda and South Sudan. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, specifically in the understory and lower levels.
It is sedentary.
# Fountain Formation

The Fountain Formation is a Pennsylvanian bedrock unit consisting primarily of conglomerate, sandstone, or arkose, in the states of Colorado and Wyoming in the United States, along the east side of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, and along the west edge of the Denver Basin.

## Origin of name

The Fountain Formation was named by geologist C. W. Cross in 1894 for exposures along Fountain Creek in El Paso County, Colorado.

## Stratigraphy

The Fountain Formation is found along the Front Range of Colorado. To the north, the Formation unconformably overlies Precambrian granite and gneiss. To the south, it overlies Mississippian, Ordovician and Devonian Limestones, as well as Cambrian sandstones. Outcrops of the formation typically dip steeply to the east.

### Depositional environment

The formation was formed by the erosion of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, and deposition by fluvial processes as alluvial fans. The characteristic predominant red color and the composition of the Fountain reflect that of the granites and gneisses from which it was eroded.

### Notable outcrops

* Flagstaff Mtn Park, near Boulder, Colorado
* Flatirons, near Boulder, Colorado
* Red Rocks Park and Amphitheater, Morrison, Colorado
* Roxborough State Park, south of Denver, Colorado
* Garden of the Gods in Colorado Springs, Colorado
* Red Rock Canyon Open Space in Colorado Springs, Colorado
* Red Canyon Park near Cañon City, Colorado

### Fossils

Marine invertebrates have been discovered in a limestone and shale member of the Fountain Formation, cropping out on a low hogback in Perry Park. Invertebrates include bryozoans, brachiopods, crinoids, echinoids, and gastropods.
Plant fossils have been discovered in Garden Park north of Cañon City, including Lepidophloios laricinus, Sigillaria, Syringodendron sp., Lepidophyloides sp., Lepidostrobus sp., Lepidostrobophyllum sp., Calamites, Neuropterus sp., Cyclopteris sp., and Stigmaria ficoides.

## Age

Rocks of the Fountain Formation are considered to be of Late Pennsylvanian age, and are between 290 and 340 million years old.
# Mordecai Ezekiel

Mordecai Joseph Brill Ezekiel (May 10, 1899 – October 31, 1974) was an American agrarian economist who worked for the United States government and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). He was a "New Deal economic advisor" who shaped much of the President Franklin D. Roosevelt's agricultural policy.

## Career

He is credited with formulating the details of what was to become the Agriculture Adjustment Administration, and helped prepare a draft of the Agricultural Adjustment Act. After the 1932 presidential election, he also met with President-elect Franklin Roosevelt, Rexford Tugwell, M. L. Wilson, and Henry Morgenthau Jr., to discuss the farm policy of the new administration.
* 1930–1933 – Assistant Chief Economist for the Federal Farm Board
* 1933–1944 – Economic Advisor to the Secretary of Agriculture
** 1943 – Helped plan the UN Conference on Food and Agriculture held in Hot Springs, Virginia
* 1944–1947 – Economic Advisor in the Bureau of Agriculture Economics
** 1944 – member of the UN Interim Commission on Food and Agriculture
** 1945 – served as a member of two of the FAO's first field missions to Greece and Poland
* 1947–1962 – at FAO: Economist in charge of the Economic Analysis Branch, Deputy Director of the Economics Division, Head of the Economics Department, Assistant Director General in charge of the Economics Department, and Special Assistant to the Director General
* 1962–1967 – Chief of the UN Division of the United States Agency for International Development
He and G.C. Haas described the pork cycle.

## Personal life

Born in Richmond, Virginia, he was the son of Jacob and Rachel Brill Ezekiel (who had been a secretary to the suffragist Carrie Chapman Catt). He had two brothers, Walter Naphtali Ezekiel, a plant pathologist, and Raphael Ezekiel, a graduate of West Point, and one sister, Bertha Brill Ezekiel (Topkis).
Ezekiel graduated in 1918 from the Maryland Agricultural College with a Bachelor of Science degree in agriculture. He also earned a Master of Science degree in 1923 from the University of Minnesota and a PhD in economics from the Robert Brookings Graduate School of Economics and Government.
Ezekiel traveled abroad as a Guggenheim Fellow from 1930 to 1931.
Ezekiel married Lucille Finsterwald and they had three children—David, Jonathan, and Margot. He was also the uncle of the Hebrew poet Yosef Yehezkel. A scholarship in his name was endowed at the University of Maryland in 1963.

## Select bibliography

* Ezekiel, Mordecai (February 1938). "The Cobweb Theorem" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of Economics. 52 (2): 255–280. doi:10.2307/1881734. JSTOR 1881734. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-16.
* Jobs for All Through Industrial Expansion. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1939.
* Towards World Prosperity: Through Industrial and Agricultural Development and Expansion. Harper & Brothers. 1947.
# Endeodes collaris

Endeodes collaris is a species of soft-winged flower beetle in the family Melyridae. It is found in North America.
# Alfred Ferraz

Alfred Ferraz (17 June 1907 – 11 December 1989) was a French architect. His work was part of the architecture event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# 1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's 800 metres

The men's 800 metres event at the 1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held on 10–12 March.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Clive Terrelonge Jamaica | Benson Koech Kenya | Pavel Soukup Czech Republic |

## Results
### Heats

First 2 of each heat (Q) and next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the semifinals.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 5 | Torbjörn Johansson | Sweden | 1:49.57 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Pavel Soukup | Czech Republic | 1:49.60 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Andrés Manuel Díaz | Spain | 1:49.66 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Tor Øivind Ødegård | Norway | 1:49.68 | Q |
| 5 | 5 | Clive Terrelonge | Jamaica | 1:49.73 | q |
| 6 | 4 | David Matthews | Ireland | 1:49.90 | Q |
| 7 | 5 | Brad Sumner | United States | 1:50.02 | q |
| 8 | 3 | Mahjoub Haïda | Morocco | 1:50.08 | Q |
| 9 | 4 | Rich Kenah | United States | 1:50.10 | Q |
| 10 | 4 | Arthémon Hatungimana | Burundi | 1:50.17 | |
| 11 | 3 | Benson Koech | Kenya | 1:50.48 | Q |
| 12 | 1 | Michael Wildner | Austria | 1:50.52 | |
| 13 | 1 | António Abrantes | Portugal | 1:50.94 | |
| 14 | 1 | Ion Bogde | Romania | 1:51.04 | |
| 15 | 2 | Joseph Tengelei | Kenya | 1:51.68 | Q |
| 16 | 2 | José Arconada | Spain | 1:51.80 | Q |
| 16 | 3 | Tomonari Ono | Japan | 1:51.80 | |
| 18 | 3 | Tommy Asinga | Suriname | 1:51.83 | |
| 19 | 2 | Marco Chiavarini | Italy | 1:51.92 | |
| 20 | 3 | Rafko Marinič | Slovenia | 1:52.57 | |
| 21 | 5 | Kim Soon-hyung | South Korea | 1:53.01 | |
| 22 | 2 | Mahmoud Al-Kheirat | Syria | 1:53.12 | |
| 23 | 4 | Bekele Banbere | Ethiopia | 1:54.56 | |
| 24 | 2 | Arisk Perdomo | Guatemala | 1:55.66 | NR |
| 25 | 2 | Carlos Mairena | Nicaragua | 1:56.54 | NR |
| | 3 | Kennedy Osei | Ghana | DNF | |
| | 4 | Savieri Ngidhi | Zimbabwe | DNS | |

### Semifinals

First 3 of each semifinal qualified directly (Q) for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Benson Koech | Kenya | 1:48.47 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Tor Øivind Ødegård | Norway | 1:48.80 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Clive Terrelonge | Jamaica | 1:48.82 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | David Matthews | Ireland | 1:49.26 | |
| 5 | 2 | Pavel Soukup | Czech Republic | 1:49.41 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | Joseph Tengelei | Kenya | 1:49.51 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | Mahjoub Haïda | Morocco | 1:49.72 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | Torbjörn Johansson | Sweden | 1:50.19 | |
| 9 | 1 | Rich Kenah | United States | 1:50.39 | |
| 10 | 2 | José Arconada | Spain | 1:50.98 | |
| 11 | 1 | Andrés Manuel Díaz | Spain | 1:51.19 | |
| 12 | 2 | Brad Sumner | United States | 1:51.60 | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Clive Terrelonge | Jamaica | 1:47.30 |
| | Benson Koech | Kenya | 1:47.51 |
| | Pavel Soukup | Czech Republic | 1:47.74 |
| 4 | Tor Øivind Ødegård | Norway | 1:48.34 |
| 5 | Mahjoub Haïda | Morocco | 1:48.63 |
| 6 | Joseph Tengelei | Kenya | 1:49.22 |
# Judy Reeder

Judith Anne Reeder (born August 17, 1948) is an American former competition swimmer.
Reeder was born in Pueblo, Colorado. She trained with the Santa Clara Swim Club in Santa Clara, California, under coach George Haines.
As a 16-year-old, Reeder represented the United States at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. She swam for the gold medal-winning U.S. team in the preliminary heats of the women's 4×100-meter medley relay, but did not receive a medal. Under the 1964 international swimming rules, only those relay swimmers who competed in the event final were eligible to receive medals.
# Half diminished scale

The half diminished scale is a seven-note musical scale. It is more commonly known as the Locrian ♯2 scale or the Aeolian ♭5 scale, names that avoid confusion with the diminished scale and the half-diminished seventh chord (minor seventh, diminished fifth). It is the sixth mode of the ascending melodic minor scale.
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In the key of B♭, the half-diminished scale built on C is associated with Cm$^{7♭5}$, which functions as a ii$^ø$$^7$ chord in minor (see chord-scale system).