OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tin-Ediar attack

The Tin-Ediar attack or Déou attack occurred on February 17, 2023 when Burkinabe soldiers were ambushed by the Islamic State – Sahil Province (ISGS) near the village of Tin-Ediar while travelling between Déou and Oursi, Burkina Faso. Over 70 Burkinabe soldiers were killed in the ambush, and Burkinabe authorities stated 160 ISGS fighters were killed.

## Background

Since 2015, Burkina Faso has been embroiled in an insurgency by the Mali-based Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin, the Niger-based Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS), and the homegrown Burkinabe Ansarul Islam. These insurgent groups began besieging government-controlled towns starting with Arbinda in 2019, and by early 2022 dozens of towns, including provincial capitals, were under siege by JNIM and Ansarul Islam. Sieges became the modus operandi of these groups beginning in 2022, and jihadists often attacked civilians fleeing the areas while also preventing supplies and food from going in and out. In 2021, northern Burkinabe towns such as Inata were overrun by jihadists after months-long sieges.
ISGS has a heavy presence in Oudalan Province, where Tin-Ediar is located, and often ambushes Burkinabe soldiers traveling between bases in the province.

## Attack

At the time of the attack, a convoy of Burkinabe soldiers was traveling between Déou and Oursi when they were ambushed by ISGS militants in Tin-Ediar. The soldiers in the convoy had been returning to their original base in Dori after having spent six months on the frontline. Immediately after the ambush, intense fighting began between the Burkinabe soldiers and the jihadists.
Journalist and Sahel expert Wassim Nasr attributed the attack to the Islamic State - Sahil Province, although Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) is the most established jihadist group in the area. The Islamic State, in their statement on February 24 claiming responsibility for the attack, stated that they ambushed the soldiers with machine guns and other weapons.

## Aftermath

The Burkinabe army announced on February 20 that at least 51 soldiers were killed in the attack. RFI stated that the death toll was likely higher as several dozen soldiers were stil missing. Libération stated that local security sources assessed the death toll at seventy soldiers. Burkinabe officials stated that a "response" with "aerial actions" helped kill or injure 160 jihadists from ISGS. ISGS denied these figures in a broadcast on March 16. The Africa Center for Strategic Studies stated that about 60 jihadists were killed in the counteroffensive.
The ISGS stated that over seventy soldiers were killed in the ambush, and that five were captured and dozens more were injured. In photos broadcast by ISGS, the bodies of at least 54 soldiers are visible. The attack was the deadliest day for the Burkinabe army since the 2021 Inata attack.
# Small rufous horseshoe bat

The small rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus subrufus) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is endemic to the Philippines on the island of Camiguin, Catanduanes, Luzon, Mindanao and Mindoro at elevations from sea level to 1,000m.
# Sapsucker

The sapsuckers are species of North American woodpeckers in the genus Sphyrapicus.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The genus Sphyrapicus was introduced in 1858 by the American naturalist Spencer Baird with the yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) as the type species. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek sphura meaning "hammer" and pikos meaning "woodpecker". The genus is sister to the genus Melanerpes; both genera are members of the tribe Melanerpini in the woodpecker subfamily Picinae.
There are four currently recognized species in the genus:
Genus Sphyrapicus – S.F. Baird, 1858 – four species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Red-naped sapsucker Male Female | Sphyrapicus nuchalis Baird, 1858 | the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin areas of North America | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Red-breasted sapsucker | Sphyrapicus ruber (Gmelin, JF, 1788) Two subspecies S. r. ruber (Gmelin, JF, 1788) S. r. daggetti Grinnell, 1901 | southeast Alaska and British Columbia south through the Pacific Coast Ranges of western Washington and Oregon and northern California | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Williamson's sapsucker Male Female | Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cassin, 1852) Two subspecies Sphyrapicus thyroideus nataliae (Malherbe, 1854) Sphyrapicus thyroideus thyroideus (Cassin, 1852) | western North America from northern Mexico as far north as British Columbia | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Yellow-bellied sapsucker Male Female | Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus, 1766) | Canada, eastern Alaska and the northeastern United States | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |

## Description

The members of this genus are slender birds with stiff tails and relatively long wings. Their typical pattern in flight is undulating, alternating between quick bursts of wing beats and short dips with wings tucked against the body.

## Behavior

As their name implies, sapsuckers feed primarily on the sap of trees, moving among different tree and shrub species on a seasonal basis. Insects, especially those attracted to the sweet sap exuding from sap holes, are often captured and fed to the young during the breeding season. The most easily recognized sap holes are found in birch trees during the breeding season.
Because sapsuckers attack living trees, they are often considered a pest species. Intensive feeding by sapsuckers is a cause of severe tree damage and mortality, with certain tree species more adversely affected by feeding than others. A USDA Forest Service study found that 67 percent of gray birch (Betula populifolia) trees damaged by yellow-bellied sapsuckers later died of their injuries. This compares to a mortality of 51 percent for paper birch (Betula papyrifera), 40 percent for red maple (Acer rubrum), 3 percent for red spruce (Picea rubens), and 1 percent for hemlock (Tsuga canadensis).
# Intermediate roundleaf bat

The intermediate roundleaf bat (Hipposideros larvatus) is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.
# Tom Slick

Thomas Baker Slick Jr. (May 6, 1916 – October 6, 1962) was a San Antonio, Texas-based inventor, businessman, adventurer, and heir to an oil business. Slick's father, Thomas Baker Slick Sr., a.k.a. "The King of the Wildcatters", had made a fortune during the Oklahoma oil boom of the 1910s. He was notable for discovering Oklahoma's then-largest oil field, the Cushing Oil Field.

## Career

During the 1950s, Slick was an adventurer. He turned his attention to expeditions to investigate the Loch Ness Monster, the Yeti, Bigfoot and the Trinity Alps giant salamander. Slick's interest in cryptozoology was little known until the 1989 publication of the biography Tom Slick and the Search for Yeti, by Loren Coleman. Coleman continued his study of Slick in 2002 with Tom Slick: True Life Encounters in Cryptozoology. That book mentions many of Slick's adventures, in politics, art, science, and cryptozoology, including his involvement with the CIA and Howard Hughes.
Slick was a friend of many celebrities, including Hughes and fellow flier Jimmy Stewart. Stewart, for example, assisted a Slick-backed expedition in smuggling a piece of the Pangboche Yeti hand back to England for scientific analysis, Loren Coleman was to discover from Slick's files and confirmation from Stewart before his death.
Slick founded several research organizations, beginning with the forerunner of the Texas Biomedical Research Institute in 1941. His most well-known legacy is the non-profit Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), which he founded in 1947 to seek revolutionary advancements in technology. SwRI continues to advance pure and applied science in a variety of fields from lubricant and motor fuel formulation to solar physics and planetary science. He also founded the Mind Science Foundation in San Antonio in 1958 to do consciousness research.
Tom assisted his brother, Earl F. Slick, in founding Slick Airways, one of the first US scheduled freight airlines.
In 1955 he was awarded a patent for the lift slab method of constructing concrete buildings.
He was an advocate of world peace. In 1958 he published the book, Permanent Peace: A Check and Balance Plan. He funded the Tom Slick World Peace lectures at the LBJ Library, and the Tom Slick Professorship of World Peace at the University of Texas.
Nicolas Cage was to have portrayed Slick in a movie, Tom Slick: Monster Hunter, but the project stalled.

## Art collection

Slick was an avid collector of modern art. His collection was surveyed by the McNay Art Museum with an exhibition and catalogue titled Tom Slick: International Art Collector.

## Death

On October 6, 1962, Slick was returning from a Canadian hunting trip when his airplane crashed in Montana. Reportedly, the aircraft disintegrated in flight. A wing broke off in violent wind shear over the mountains.
# Oleg Zubkov

Oleg Zubkov may refer to:
* Oleg Zubkov, a Russian businessman, owner of Taigan safari park
* Oleg Zubkov, a bass guitarist in the Hungarian band Amber Smith
# Clear-winged woolly bat

The clear-winged woolly bat (Kerivoula pellucida) is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Members of this species are relatively small, typically weighing about 4.5 g (0.16 oz) and mainly forages in the understory of tropical forests. This species also presents a unique variant of echolocation that is a higher intensity and lower frequency than most other kerivoula calls. The short range calls are distinguishable from the long range orientational echolocation calls by peak frequency and duration.

## Appearance

As the name suggests, this bat has relatively translucent wings that are approximately 30–32 millimeters (1.2–1.3 in) long. Translucent wings are a unique feature for this bat that allow for easy identification. The body length is 44–48 mm (1.7–1.9 in) with a 41–47 mm (1.6–1.9 in) long posterior tail. This is not a traditional tail, as the skin flaps that make up the wings attach behind the animal here. The bats dorsal and ventral fur ranges in color, with the dorsal portion being primarily a range of pale grey to dark brown. No fur is found on the wings of this bat. The fur color exhibits a smooth transition to white on the ventral side of the animal. No nose leaf is present on the muzzle of the bat. The ears are a pinkish-yellow color.

## Biology

Clear-winged woolly bats typically inhabit the understory and lower canopy, typically roosting in dead leaves. Mating occurs year-round and the mothers give birth to single pups at a time that generally weigh about a quarter of the mothers weight. Until they are able to fly, the pups cling to their mothers belly as she forages. Once they are able to fly, they will forage alongside the mother. Sexual maturity is reached at one year of age. As with many other species, habitat destruction is the primary threat to this species.
# Girve Fretz

Claude Girven (Girve) Fretz (March 4, 1927 - November 5, 2020) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Erie in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1993. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada.
Born in Ridgeway, Ontario, Fretz worked as a retail merchant for many years before entering politics. He served as both Mayor and Regional Councillor for the city of Fort Erie from 1977 to 1978. He won the Progressive Conservative Party nomination for Erie riding in 1979 and was elected later that year.
In Parliament, Fretz first served as the Secretary of the Progressive Conservative caucus from 1979 to 1980. He later served as parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development from November 1, 1984 to November 24, 1985, and to the Minister of State (Mines) from November 25, 1985 to October 14, 1986. He also served twice on the House Standing Committee for External Affairs, and also served on the House Standing Committee for Defence.
During the 1993 P.C.leadership race, he supported Alberta MP Jim Edwards on the first ballot and Jean Charest on the second ballot. He did not run for re-election in the 1993 election.
# Gordon Graydon

Gordon Graydon QC (December 7, 1896 – September 19, 1953) was a Canadian politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Peel from 1935 to 1953.

## Background

Graydon received his early education at S.S. No. 6 Chinguacousy in the County of Peel, Ontario. He attended Brampton High School and was a student at University of Toronto in political science. He graduated from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1924. He then became a partner of the late Justice William Raney, one-time Attorney General of Ontario.
In 1933, at the age of 36, Graydon became the President of the Peel County Conservative Association. He was the youngest man ever to hold that position. In 1934, he helped rejuvenate the Conservative Party of Ontario by forming Young Conservative Clubs at a time when the party's existence was threatened.
He was a member of Grace United Church, Brampton, of several local lodges, including Campbell's Cross Loyal Orange Lodge of the Board of Regents of Victoria College and of the Peel War Records Board.
A high school in Mississauga has been named in his honour. A senior public (junior high) school in Brampton, Ontario also bears his name.

## Politics

He was one of thirty-five Conservative candidates who survived the Liberal Party landslide of the 1935 federal election, winning Peel riding for his party.
Graydon was Opposition Leader in the House of Commons of Canada from 1943 to 1945 because John Bracken, the new leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, did not have a seat in the House and chose not to seek one until the 1945 federal election.
In 1945, he was Canadian delegate to the San Francisco World Conference, and delegate in London, representing Canada on the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations. He was Alternate Delegate for Canada at the UN's 1st General Assembly 1946, Parliamentary advisor to the Canadian Delegate to the UN General Assembly in 1950 and in New York, 1952.
He remained a Member of Parliament for Peel until his death in 1953.
# Harold Stafford

Harold Edwin Stafford (20 April 1921 – 18 January 2005) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Fredericton, New Brunswick and became a lawyer by career.
After two defeats at the Elgin riding in the 1962 and 1963 federal elections, Stafford was elected there in the 1965 election and re-elected in 1968. After serving two terms, the 27th and 28th Canadian Parliaments, Stafford was defeated in the 1972 election by John Wise of the Progressive Conservative party.
# Harry Harley

Harry Cruickshank Harley (4 June 1926 – 27 September 2014) was a Canadian politician who served as Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a physician by career.

## Political career

Harley was first elected at the Halton riding in the 1962 general election, narrowly defeating the incumbent Charles Alexander Best in a result where the armed services vote swung over to the Liberals. He was subsequently re-elected in 1963 and 1965. After completing his term in the 27th Canadian Parliament in 1968, Harley left federal politics and did not seek further re-election. His departure was said to be for personal reasons only, and not because of Pierre Elliott Trudeau winning the Liberal leadership.

### Electoral record

1965 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Harry C. Harley | 25,213 | 47.8 | -4.2 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Allan M. Masson | 16,412 | 31.1 | -1.4 |
| | New Democratic | Murray S. Kernighan | 10,751 | 20.4 | +6.5 |
| | Independent Conservative | Henry Timmins | 373 | 0.7 | -0.3 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 52,749 | 100.0 |
1963 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Harry C. Harley | 25,482 | 52.0 | +11.2 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Sandy Best | 15,949 | 32.5 | -8.0 |
| | New Democratic | Ellis Fullerton | 6,790 | 13.8 | -3.7 |
| | Independent Conservative | Henry Timmins | 481 | 1.0 | |
| | Social Credit | Irv Wilson | 330 | 0.7 | -0.5 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 49,032 | 100.0 |
1962 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Harry C. Harley | 18,556 | 40.7 | +11.8 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Sandy Best | 18,458 | 40.5 | -20.5 |
| | New Democratic | Carl Rouleau | 8,001 | 17.6 | +7.5 |
| | Social Credit | Irving R. Wilson | 547 | 1.2 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 45,562 | 100.0 |
# J. Waldo Monteith

Jay Waldo Monteith, PC (June 24, 1903 – December 19, 1981) was a Canadian politician.
Born in Stratford, Ontario, the son of Joseph Dunsmore Monteith, an Ontario MPP and cabinet minister, and Allice Chowen, he graduated from the University of Toronto and became a chartered accountant in 1932. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1953 as a Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament for the riding of Perth, Ontario. He was re-elected in 1957, 1958, 1962, 1963, 1965, and 1968.
From 1957 to 1963, he was the Minister of National Health and Welfare. From 1961 to 1963, he was also the Minister of Amateur Sport. He famously remarked to Lester Pearson that 'you must be nuts!' after Pearson presumed to ask Tories to give up their fight to keep Canada's Red Ensign.
# Jack Irvine

John Alfred (Jack) Irvine (26 January 1912 – 20 July 1996) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a merchant by career. Irvine ran Irvine Appliances.
Irvine was born at Wolfe Island, Ontario. He married Doris Seeley in 1937, and moved to Lambeth, London, Ontario in 1950. He entered municipal politics in 1959, becoming an alderman for the London, Ontario city government.
Irvine left local politics in 1963 and was elected to the House of Commons at the London riding in the 1963 general election, then re-elected there in the 1965. After electoral district boundary changes in the late 1960s, Irvine campaigned at London West for the 1968 federal election but lost to Judd Buchanan of the Liberal party.
Irvine died at a nursing home in Simcoe, Ontario in July 1996.
vte1963 Canadian federal election: London :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Jack Irvine | 15,700 |
| Liberal | Clarence M. Peterson | 14,262 |
| New Democratic | Paddy O'Brien | 3,335 |
| Social Credit | Lloyd H. Alford | 599 |
vte1965 Canadian federal election: London :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Jack Irvine | 13,763 |
| Liberal | Margaret Fullerton | 11,164 |
| New Democratic | Clayton Fee | 4,412 |
| Independent | Albert W. Plumb | 422 |
| Communist | Thomas Morris | 271 |
# Jack Smith (politician)

John Eachern Smith (6 August 1901 – 28 April 1967) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Eldon Township, Ontario and was in the newspaper business as an editor and publisher.
He was first elected to Parliament at the York North riding in the 1945 general election then re-elected in 1949 and 1953. Smith left the House of Commons after his third term, the 22nd Canadian Parliament, and did not seek re-election in 1957.
One of Smith's campaign managers in the 1949 election was Barney Danson, who later became a cabinet minister.
vte1945 Canadian federal election: York North :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Liberal | Jack Smith | 11,428 |
| Progressive Conservative | Earl Toole | 10,295 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | Archibald H. Woods | 3,670 |
vte1949 Canadian federal election: York North :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Liberal | Jack Smith | 18,933 |
| Progressive Conservative | Arthur Walwyn | 14,429 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | Arch Woods | 5,736 |
vte1953 Canadian federal election: York North :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Liberal | Jack Smith | 10,988 |
| Progressive Conservative | Cecil Cathers | 9,355 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | Donald Scott | 2,116 |
# Jim Jepson

James Kenneth Jepson (8 April 1942 – 29 November 1989) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Hamilton, Ontario and became a businessman by career.
He was elected at the London East electoral district in the 1984 federal election, thus he served in the 33rd Canadian Parliament. Jepson was defeated in London East in the 1988 federal election by Joe Fontana of the Liberal party. Barely a year after this very narrow loss, Jepson died aged 47 of heart failure.
# Great bent-winged bat

The great bent-winged bat (Miniopterus tristis) is a species of vesper bat in the family Miniopteridae. It can be found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu.
# John Alexander Wallace

John Alexander Wallace (April 3, 1881 – October 13, 1961) was a Canadian politician, engineer and farmer.
Wallace was born in Simcoe, Ontario, Canada. He was elected in 1921 to the House of Commons of Canada as a Member of the Progressive Party in the riding of Norfolk. He was previously defeated in the 1917 election as a Member of Laurier's Liberals and in 1945 as a Member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation.
# John Wesley Brien

John Wesley Brien (November 24, 1864 - January 11, 1949) was a Canadian politician and physician. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1917 election as a Member of the Unionist Party to represent the riding of Essex South. Prior to his federal political career, he had just served a year in the Canadian Expeditionary Force as a medical officer before being forced to return home due to injury. He also served as a captain in the British Canadian Recruiting Mission in Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Brien was born in Victoria County, Canada West. His cousin, James Brien, was also a Member of the House of Commons of Canada.
# Mac McCutcheon (Canadian politician)

Maclyn Thomas "Mac" McCutcheon (June 17, 1912 – May 19, 1978) was a Canadian politician and farmer.
Born in Croton, Ontario, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1963 federal election as the Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament for Lambton—Kent, and re-elected in the 1965 and 1968 elections.
From 1972 to 1973 he was the Deputy House Leader of the Progressive Conservative Party while they were in opposition.
# Murray Clark

Stuart Murray Clark (22 May 1899 – 12 June 1973) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Harrow, Ontario and became a manager by career.
He was first elected at the Essex South riding in the 1935 general election and re-elected for successive terms there in 1940, 1945, 1949 and 1953. After completing his final term of federal office, the 22nd Canadian Parliament, Clark left the House of Commons and did not seek re-election in 1957. He died in 1973 and is interred at Colchester Memorial Cemetery.