OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# T. Scarlett Epstein

Trude Scarlett Epstein OBE (1922 – 2014), née Grünwald, was a British-Austrian social anthropologist and economist, and a member of the "Manchester School" of anthropology.

## Life and work

Trude Grünwald, born 13 July 1922 in Vienna to a Jewish family, she was the daughter of the travelling salesman Siegfried Grünwald and Rosa Grünwald. She had two brothers and grew up in the Karl-Marx-Hof housing complex. She was a student at the Glasergasse high school in the ninth district in 1938, when she and her family became refugees following the Nazi annexation of Austria. She has described how "she and all the other Jewish students had been chased out of school in 1938 amid great jeering."
In July 1938, she travelled first to Zagreb, Croatia with her mother (her two brothers had already arrived in London, England). Then in September 1938 they moved to Durrës in Albania, and in April 1939 to London. There she found work taking a variety of jobs, and she began her university studies: economics and political science in Oxford and development economics and anthropology in Manchester. She completed a PhD in economics under the supervision of social anthropologist Max Gluckman, the founder of the "Manchester School". Described as one of the "pioneers" of development studies, her work focused in particular on rural economies and women's activities, and drew on fieldwork in Karnataka, India and Papua New Guinea.
According to an obituary, Epstein became "one of the world's most recognized social anthropologists and taught at various universities in England, Australia, the USA, Israel, Papua New Guinea and India". Her final residence was in Hove, England.
She died on April 27, 2014 at the age of 92.

## Private life

She was married to social anthropologist Arnold Bill Epstein, another member of the "Manchester School", and they had two daughters.

## Selected bibliography

* Epstein, T. Scarlett (2005). Swimming Upstream: A Jewish Refugee from Vienna. London: Vallentine Mitchell. ISBN 978-0853036067.
# Thomas Hui To

Thomas Hui To JP (Chinese: 許濤; born 1 May 1972) is a Hong Kong businessman and investor. He is the Executive Chairman of Television Broadcasts Limited, the 14th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Shanghai Committee (Culture & Arts), the chief operating officer and an executive director of CMC Inc., director of Young Lion Holdings Limited, Young Lion Acquisition Co. Limited, and Shaw Brothers Limited.

## Biography

Thomas holds Hong Kong permanent residency, finished high school in Hong Kong and obtained a master's degree in electronic engineering from Cornell University. He had served as an executive director at Goldman Sachs's Hong Kong investment banking department, and worked for Merrill Lynch. In 2015, he joined TVB as non-executive director and a member of its executive committee, the company's highest decision-making body. On 21 March 2018, Thomas become Executive Director of the Television Broadcasts Limited. On 29 April 2020, Thomas become non-executive chairman of Television Broadcasts Limited. In 2020, Thomas as executive producer of the Netflix movie Over the Moon (2020 film). In December 2022, Thomas appointed as the 14th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Shanghai Committee (Culture & Arts). In 10 March 2023, Thomas become the Executive Chairman of Television Broadcasts Limited. On 1 July 2024, Thomas was appointed Justice of the Peace by the Hong Kong government.
# Alain Moyne-Bressand

Alain Moyne-Bressand (born 30 July 1945) was a member of the National Assembly of France from 1988 to 2017. He represented Isère's 6th constituency. He was a member of various parties through this time; UDF, Republican Party, Union for a Popular Movement and The Republicans.
# Finlay-Russel Provincial Park and Protected Area

Finlay-Russel Provincial Park and Protected Area is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the larger Muskwa-Kechika Management Area.
# Harald Schering

Harald Ernst Malmsten Schering (November 25, 1880 – April 10, 1959) was a German physicist born in Göttingen. He is best known for his work in high voltage electricity and the Schering Bridge used in electrical engineering.
Schering was the son of Ernst Schering, mathematician at the Göttingen Observatory. His mother came from a family of Swedish academics who worked with Ernst to translate works from French and Italian. Harald grew up with his two siblings in Göttingen and studied physics at the University of Göttingen. In 1903 he worked at the Geophysical Institute and obtained a Ph.D. in 1904 under Eduard Riecke with work on the Elster-Geitel dispersal apparatus. Beginning in 1905 he was a scientific assistant at the Physics and Technology Institute in Berlin Charlottenburg; today known as the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). His work at the PTB under Emil Warburg primarily dealt with high voltage/high current research and development, and in 1914 he developed a measurement methodology for examining current transformers. In 1914 he was drafted into the First World War and was injured in 1916. In 1918 he became head of the high-voltage lab, succeeding Karl Willy Wagner. In 1919 he attained the title of professor at PTB with an annual salary of 4500 Marks and 1500 Marks as housing allowance. In 1924 he wrote a book on insulators in high voltage. A new institute was established in Hannover, but construction was delayed by the war. Beginning in 1927, Schering was a professor of electrical engineering and high voltage technology at the Technical University of Hannover (today known as the Leibniz University Hannover). In 1933, he was forced to sign the Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State. He retired in 1949 but continued to work at the PTB until 1954 when Gerhard Pfestdorf took up a position to head the institution.
Schering is remembered for invention of the Schering Bridge, which he developed along with Ernst Alberti is an AC bridge circuit used to measure capacitance and the dissipation factor of capacitors. Schering received a Golden Doctorate from the University of Göttingen in 1954 and an honorary doctorate from Braunschweig. He was awarded the Great Cross of Merit by the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957.
# Johnson Tshuma

Johnson Tshuma (born 30 September 1970) is a Zimbabwean professional light middle/middleweight boxer of the 1990s who won the Natal (South Africa) Middleweight Title, South African middleweight title, and Commonwealth middleweight title, and was a challenger for the South African light middleweight title against Mpush Makambi, his professional fighting weight varied from 151+1⁄2 lb (68.7 kg; 10 st 11.5 lb), i.e. light middleweight to 160 lb (73 kg; 11 st 6 lb), i.e. middleweight.
# Jogah

Jogah (Drum Dancers) are the mythical "little people" in Iroquois lore. Usually invisible, there are ways of telling if they are around. For example, drumming with no visible drummers around. They also leave rings of bare earth and "bowls" in stones or mud; offerings like tobacco and fingernails can be offered at these "bowls." They are also used to explain disembodied lights and bad luck. When people, usually children, elders, and spiritual healers, see the Jogah, they are described as "knee-high" to around 4 ft 0 in (1.22 m) tall. Behaviorally, the Jogah love games and playing tricks, which can be dangerous if they are disrespected. They have been claimed to cause illness in homes and neighborhoods that are built on sites to which they are attracted.
The Jogah are divided into multiple groups. The Gahongas "stone throwers or rollers" live in rocky areas like streams. Their favorite game is to play "catch" with people using stones, often the size of boulders. The Gandayah care for the flora of an area, telling it when to grow and how good its yield will be. They are known to help respectful Iroquois farmers. They are also known to love strawberries and take the forms of American robins, if their news is good, or owls, if it is bad. Lastly, the Ohdows are the subterranean guardians of our world. They protect it from creatures of the underworld which would spread disease and, in the case of the "White Buffalo," chaos. The Ohdow come out of the underground at night to dance and hunt any underworld creatures that have escaped. To help with this task, fingernails were left as offerings as the animals knew what Ohdow smelled like and would hide from them.

## General sources

* Native Languages: Jagah. http://www.native-languages.org/morelegends/jogah.htm
* Bastine, Michael; Winfield, Mason (2011). Iroquois Supernatural: Talking Animals and Medicine People. Bear & Company. ISBN 978-1591431275.
* Winfield, Mason (1997). Shadows of the Western Door: Haunted Sites and Ancient Mysteries of Upstate New York. Western New York Wares. ISBN 978-1879201224.
* Winfield, Mason (2001). Spirits of the Great Hill: More Haunted Sites and Ancient Mysteries of Upstate New York. Western New York Wares. ISBN 978-1879201354.
# Rory Cooper's false antechinus

Rory Cooper's false antechinus (Pseudantechinus roryi), also known as the tan false antechinus and the tan pseudantechinus, is a recently named species of small carnivorous marsupial which inhabits rocky outcrops in Western Australia. Nothing is known of its behaviour but it is expected that this will be similar to other members of the false antechinus genus. A study published in 2017 found no support for separation as a new species of Pseudantechinus, and the name was proposed to be synonymous with the previously described Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis.
Rory Cooper's false antechinus has been found from the Pilbara into the Great Sandy and Gibson Deserts. It is possible that false antechinuses found on Barrow Island also belong to this species. It differs from other members of its genus in its reddish-brown colouring; the typical colouring of a false antechinus is grey-brown.
An analysis of specimens in a comparison of Pseudantechinus phylogenies, based on evidence of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, found no support for separation from the species Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis.
# Outline of Nunavut

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Nunavut:
Nunavut is the largest and newest territory of Canada. It was officially separated from the Northwest Territories via the Nunavut Act to provide the Inuit of the region a degree of self-government. Iqaluit is the capital and largest city.

## Geography of Nunavut

Geography of Nunavut
* Nunavut is: a territory of Canada
* Location:
** The regions in which Nunavut is located are:
*** Northern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere
**** Americas
***** North America
****** Northern America
******* Canada
******** Eastern Canada
** Extreme points of Nunavut
* Population of Nunavut:
* Area of Nunavut:
* Atlas of Nunavut

### Environment of Nunavut

* Protected areas of Nunavut
** Historic places in Nunavut
*** National Historic Sites of Canada in Nunavut

#### Natural geographic features of Nunavut

* Lakes in Nunavut
* Rivers in Nunavut

#### Regions of Nunavut

* Communities in Nunavut
* Municipalities in Nunavut

### Demographics of Nunavut

* Demographics of Nunavut

## Government and politics of Nunavut

* Elections of Nunavut
** General elections of Nunavut
* Political parties in Nunavut

### Government of Nunavut
#### Executive branch of the government of Nunavut

* Premier of Nunavut
** Premiers of Nunavut
* Commissioner of Nunavut
* Executive Council of Nunavut

#### Legislative branch of the government of Nunavut

* Nunavut Legislative Assembly

#### Judicial branch of the government of Nunavut

* Nunavut Court of Justice
* Nunavut Court of Appeal

### Law of Nunavut

* Same-sex marriage in Nunavut

## History of Nunavut

* History of Nunavut

## Culture of Nunavut

* Museums in Nunavut
* Music of Nunavut
* People of Nunavut
** List of people from Nunavut
* Religion in Nunavut
** Christianity in Nunavut
*** Diocese of the Arctic
* Scouting and Guiding in Nunavut
* Symbols of Nunavut
** Coat of arms of Nunavut
** Flag of Nunavut

## Economy and infrastructure of Nunavut

* Communication in Nunavut
** Radio stations in Nunavut
** Television transmitters in Nunavut
* Energy in Nunavut
** Electricity generating stations in Nunavut
* Transport in Nunavut
** Air transport in Nunavut
*** Airports in Nunavut
** Vehicular transport in Nunavut
*** Vehicle registration plates of Nunavut
*** Road system in Nunavut
**** Territorial highways of Nunavut

## Education in Nunavut

* List of schools in Nunavut
* Museums in Nunavut
* Higher education in Nunavut
# William Karush

William Karush (1 March 1917 – 22 February 1997) was an American professor of mathematics at California State University at Northridge and was a mathematician best known for his contribution to Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. In his master's thesis he was the first to publish these necessary conditions for the inequality-constrained problem, although he became renowned after a seminal conference paper by Harold W. Kuhn and Albert W. Tucker. He also worked as a physicist for the Manhattan Project, although he signed the Szilárd petition and became a peace activist afterwards.

## Early life

Sam and Tillie (formerly Shmuel and Tybel) Karush immigrated to the United States from Bialystok, then under Russian control, now Poland. Karush was born in Chicago, Illinois on March 1, 1917. He graduated from Murray F. Tuley High School in 1934. He attended the Central YMCA College in Chicago for two years before transferring to University of Chicago, where he received a Bachelor of Science in 1938 and a Masters of Science in 1939. In 1942, he worked as a mathematician for the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, D.C. and from 1943-1956, he was employed by University of Chicago, while working on the Manhattan Project.

## Selected works

* Webster's New World Dictionary of Mathematics, MacMillan Reference Books, Revised edition (April 1989), ISBN 978-0-13-192667-7
* On the Maximum Transform and Semigroups of Transformations (1962), Richard Bellman, William Karush,
* The crescent dictionary of mathematics, general editor (1962) William Karush, Oscar Tarcov
* Isoperimetric problems & index theorems. (1942), William Karush, Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Chicago, department of mathematics.
* Minima of functions of several variables with inequalities as side conditions, William Karush. (1939), Thesis (M.S.) – University of Chicago, 1939.
# Jill Robinson

Jill Robinson MBE is a British animal welfare activist. She is the founder of Animals Asia Foundation.

## Biography

Born and raised in England, Robinson was always interested in the welfare of animals. As a child she volunteered in veterinary offices during her school holidays. In the mid-1980s she moved to Hong Kong, where she began working for the International Fund for Animal Welfare, focusing on work in China and South Korea.
In 1993, Robinson visited a bear bile farm in China. According to Robinson, at the time approximately 10,000 Asiatic black bears were caged at farms similar to this one, in conditions many animal welfare groups consider horrific. At bear bile farms, bile is extracted from the bear's gallbladder for use in traditional Chinese medicines. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, only about 15,000–20,000 Asiatic black bears are alive in the wild in China, which would qualify them for the highest protection described by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. Chinese authorities estimate that over 50,000 of the bears live in the wild, which would eliminate the necessity for higher protection.
Professor Peter Li believes that Robinson "single-handedly alerted the world" to the cruel practice of bear farming. For the next seven years, Robinson researched the way bile was used and negotiated with the Chinese government. In 2000, the Sichuan Forestry Department signed a pledge with the China Wildlife Conservation Association to release 500 bears from the bile farms with the worst conditions. This marked the first time an agency of the Chinese government had come to an official agreement with an animal welfare organization. To house the released bears, Robinson founded Animals Asia Foundation and established a bear rescue center in Chengdu. The foundation has since established a similar sanctuary in Vietnam, where there are also hundreds of bear bile farms.
In April 2014, representing Animals Asia, Robinson announced plans to convert a bear bile farm with over 130 Asiatic black bears in Nanning, China, into an animal sanctuary. The farm was part of Flower World, a state-owned horticulture and landscaping company.
In 2017, Robinson announced an MOU alongside the Deputy General Director of the Vietnam Administration of Forestry, Cao Chi Cong, to end bear bile farming in Vietnam by 2020 and to work together to rescue the remaining 1,000 bears still in cages.
Robinson has also been a proponent of the Doctor Dog program, which rescues stray dogs in Asia and trains them to participate in animal-assisted therapy.

## Awards

Jill Robinson has received numerous distinctions for her commitment to animal welfare, including:
* a 2002 Genesis Award;
* in 2005, the Reader's Digest Hero for Today Award; and
* in 1998, an MBE by Queen Elizabeth in the Birthday Honours List, in recognition of her services to animal welfare in Asia.
* In 2018, Robinson was noted in the book, Rescuing Ladybugs by author and animal advocate Jennifer Skiff as having "ignited a movement in Asia" after being physically and emotionally touched by an imprisoned moon bear being used for bile extraction in Zhuhai, China.
# Fort Complex, Magnetic Island

The Fort Complex is a heritage-listed fortification at Magnetic Island National Park, east side of Magnetic Island, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1943. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

## History

The fort complex was constructed in 1943 during World War II to protect the harbour and town from a feared Japanese invasion of Australia as Japanese forces moved south through the Pacific islands. Townsville was the major supply depot for Allied troops in the southeast Pacific and a staging post for troops moving north into the war zone.
The fortifications were armed with French 155 millimetres (6.1 in) M3 guns on Panama carriage mounts which were commonly used on a number of Pacific islands as coastal defence weapons. The four guns on Magnetic Island had been en route to Bataan until it fell to the Japanese. They were redirected to Townsville to protect its vital port against the expected rapid advance of the Japanese. History shows that they were not needed and after the war the guns were returned to the American forces.
At this time the fort was stripped of its fittings and left to return to nature. With the establishment of the Magnetic Island National Park, the Queensland National Parks and Wildlife Service assumed control of the complex, installed information signs and pathways and now administers the area.

## Description

The fort complex was built during 1943 on the eastern side of Magnetic Island between Horseshoe Bay and Arcadia Bay. It was anchored into granite boulders on a heavily timbered, mountainous point overlooking the Pacific Ocean.
The site contains derelict concrete structures with some timber and concrete remnants of the fabric such as the water pipeline, command post, searchlight tower, ammunition store, radar station, signal station, gun sites and direction finder. The remainder of the accommodation area can be seen in the form of concrete slabs on flat land near the pathway to the fort complex proper.

## Heritage listing

The Fort Complex on Magnetic Island was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
This is a significant site which highlights the role of Townsville and the region in the Allied struggle to protect Australia from the advancing Japanese forces during the crucial war years of 1942–43.
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.
Its significance is further highlighted because this site, together with those at Kissing Point, Townsville and on Cape Marlow at Pallarenda, are rare wartime fortifications of unique value.
The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.
Its construction on a rugged headland and the installation of the hugh guns were wartime engineering achievements of some magnitude.
# Joan van der Mey

Joan (Jo) Melchior van der Mey (19 August 1878, Delfshaven – 6 June 1949, Geulle) was a Dutch architect best known as the originator of the Amsterdam School style of architecture. His most famous work is the landmark Scheepvaarthuis (Shipping House) building in Amsterdam located at Prins Hendrikkade, 1912.
Van der Mey was a student of Eduard Cuypers from 1898, won the Dutch Prix de Rome in 1906; he was taken on by the city of Amsterdam as an "Aesthetic Advisor". In 1905 Amsterdam was the first city in the world to impose a building code, and later they hired van der Mey as their civic building artist. In this capacity he developed the facade for the 1912 Palm House at the Hortus Botanicus among other buildings.
That same year brought the commission for the Scheepvaarthuis, a large cooperative building for six Dutch shipping companies. Van der Mey sought the assistance of his former colleague-architects Michel de Klerk and Piet Kramer, and the architect Adolf Daniël Nicolaas van Gendt was responsible for engineering the concrete structure.
Van der Mey's job was to coordinate the extensive symbolic art and sculptural program, inside and outside. Much of the sculpture is the work of Hildo Krop and H. A. van den Eijnde, but a large group of well-known artists contributed.
The Scheepvaarthuis is regarded as a highlight of the Amsterdam School of building. Michel de Klerk went on to become its most important representative. Van der Mey also designed bridges and housing complexes in south Amsterdam and around the city's Mercatorplein.
# Barbara Bartay

Vari Komp (19 March 1921 – 20 August 1986), known professionally as Barbara Bartay, was a Czech-born American film actress. She appeared in several short films at Columbia Pictures between 1951 and 1956.

## Career

Bartay was born in Bohemia, Crochwice, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) in 1921 and immigrated to the U.S. in 1948 under a prospective War Bride arrangement. She received U.S. citizenship by 1952.
Bartay is best known for her appearances in several Three Stooges comedies in the 1950s, generally sporting a thick foreign accent similar to that of her native Czech tongue. In addition to her acting career, Bartay was active in the Metropolitan Opera Guild, International Orphans, Inc., National Art Education Association, and the Los Angeles Orphanage Guild.

## Personal

Bartay was married three times. Though the first name of her first husband remains unknown, this union gave her the surname of "Bartay." She was married in 1957 to her second husband, Maytor H. McKinley, founder of Utter-McKinley Mortuaries. They remained married until his death. Her third marriage was to Utter-McKinley Mortuaries attorney Samuel McCormac, a union which lasted until her death.
Bartay died of colorectal cancer on 20 August 1986 in Los Angeles, California, at age 65.