OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Circle (American band)

Circle was an American avant garde jazz ensemble, active in 1970 and 1971. The group arose from pianist Chick Corea's early 1970s trio with Dave Holland on bass and Barry Altschul on drums and percussion with the addition of Anthony Braxton in a leading role on several reed instruments. The group's earliest (and only studio) recordings were made in 1970 for the Blue Note label but not released until 1975 under Corea's name. A live double album appeared on the ECM label in 1972. These recordings document a period in which Corea's work was steeped in the jazz 'avant garde,' prior to his complete shift to the jazz fusion orientation. Corea, Holland and Altschul also recorded the album, A.R.C. for ECM in 1971, but it was not released under the band name Circle.

## Discography

* Circle 1: Live in Germany Concert (CBS/Sony Japan, 1971) – recorded in 1970. Originally released under Circle's name, CD reissue released under Chick Corea's name
* Circle 2: Gathering (CBS/Sony Japan, 1971) – originally released under Circle's name, CD reissue released under Chick Corea's name.
* Paris-Concert (ECM, 1972) – recorded in 1971
* Circling In (Blue Note, 1975) – recorded in 1970. originally released under Chick Corea's name with additional tracks from Corea's earlier recordings. The Circle tracks were also released as Early Circle (1992).
* Circulus (Blue Note, 1978) – recorded in 1970. originally released under Chick Corea's name.
# IPA vowel chart with audio

This chart provides audio examples for phonetic vowel symbols. The symbols shown include those in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and added material. The chart is based on the official IPA vowel chart.
The International Phonetic Alphabet is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.
Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth.
At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. For example, [i] and [y] at the top left corner are such a pair.
IPA: Vowels :
IPA help
audio help
full chart
template
Legend: unrounded • rounded :
# Cláudio (footballer, born 1922)

Cláudio Christóvam de Pinho (July 18, 1922 – May 1, 2000), better known as Cláudio, was a former Brazilian footballer and the biggest scorer of all time for Corinthians. He has scored 306 goals in 554 games for the team, where he was nicknamed "Manager". He was also known for being a skillful player, who placed the ball anywhere he wanted, and is usually ranked as the 3rd best ever Corinthians player, after Rivellino and Sócrates.

## Biography

Born in Santos (SP), Cláudio began his career with the youth squad of his hometown's most famous club Santos Futebol Clube. After a few games, he moved for a short time to Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras.
The “Manager”, along with Baltazar, Luizinho, Mário, Carbone, Simão, Rafael, Robert and many other great players, helped Corinthians to win important championships, among them the São Paulo State Championship in 1951, 1952 and 1954 and the Rio-São Paulo Tournament in 1950, 1953 and 1954.
But it was not just with the Corinthians that Cláudio achieved glory. He was a member of the Palmeiras team that won the São Paulo state championship in 1942 and he was also part of the Brazil national team which won the South American Cup in 1949.
# Maynard Wishner

Maynard I. Wishner (1923-2011) was a Jewish community leader, financier, and former actor in the Yiddish theater from Chicago. He graduated from the University of Chicago in 1945, and obtained a J.D. from the same institution in 1947.
He served as the National President of the American Jewish Committee in 1980–1983, President of the Council of Jewish Federations, and Chairman of the Jewish United Fund.
In 2006, he was named winner of the American Jewish Committee Mensch Award. He was a president of what is now the Jewish Federations of North America and chaired what is now the Jewish Council for Public Affairs. He also held prominent positions in the Chicago Jewish United Fund/Jewish Federation, the Jewish Community Relations Council, and Jewish Family and Community Service.
"He was an absolutely remarkable man, very smart, very thoughtful, with a penetrating intelligence. He was open-minded, very engaged in the community," said David Harris, AJC executive director. "All of his traits were on display as a leader of AJC: the affable, personable side; the humorous side; the very serious, determined, engaged side."
Wishner received numerous awards, including the Julius Rosenwald Memorial Award, which is the Chicago Jewish Federation's highest award, and the AJC's Mensch Award.
Wishner's work to improve Greek-Jewish relations led him to receive the Frizis Award from the Hellenic American Leadership Conference.
"He devoted his time to creating understanding between ethnic, racial and religious groups," said Jonathan Levine, the former assistant national director for AJC. "There was a decency about him that was and is rare... There was no finer diplomat, professional or volunteer than Maynard Wishner".
Through his various leadership roles, Wishner met the presidents of the U.S. and several other countries, as well as Nelson Mandela after the South African leader was released from prison. The meeting "was one point in his life where he truly felt he was representing the Jewish people," said daughter Mimi Wishner Segel. "His leadership skills were respected across the board, beyond the Jewish community."
Wishner was born and grew up in Chicago. He earned undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Chicago.
From 1947 to 1952, Wishner worked for the Chicago Mayor's Commission on Human Relations, as head of the commission's department of law and order and then as acting director. He was then appointed chief city prosecutor for the city's Law Department.
He was an attorney with the firm of Cole, Wishner, Epstein & Manilow before joining Walter E. Heller & Co., a finance company, where he eventually served as president and chief operating officer. He retired in 1985.
Wishner also acted in Yiddish theater.
"His theatrical skills made him an incredible storyteller and speech giver. He could engage people, make them laugh," Segel said. "He knew how to turn a phrase."
# Mesochronous network

A mesochronous network is a telecommunications network whose clocks run at the same frequency but with a constant phase shift. Compare synchronous network.
# William Tchamba

William Tchamba (born June 11, 1984, in Lille, France) is a French sprint canoeist who has competed since the late 2000s. He won a bronze medal in the C-1 4 × 200 m event at the 2009 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Dartmouth.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Tchamba was eliminated in the semifinals of both the C-2 500 m and the C-2 1000 m events.
# Sabir Butt

Sabir Butt (born April 20, 1969 in Nairobi, Kenya) is a Canadian former professional male squash player. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No.17 in May 1988 after having joined the Professional Squash Association in 1985. Winner of 16 PSA international events and 4 time Canadian National Men's Champion. He represented Canada during the 1987 & 1989 World Team Squash Championships. Sabir was also Mississauga Athlete of the Year in 1994.
# Joanne Smith

Joanne Smith is an American business executive. She is the Executive Vice President and Chief People Officer at Delta Air Lines, serving in this role since October 1, 2014. Upon her appointment she replaced Mike Campbell.

## Education

Smith has a bachelor's degree in Business Administration from California Polytechnic State University.

## Career history

Smith joined Delta in 2002 as Vice President – Marketing and Customer Service at Song. Previously she served as Senior Vice President: In-Flight Service from March 2007 to September 2014. Before that she was Vice President: Marketing from November 2005 to February 2007.
She serves as a director or advisory board member of several organizations including Atlanta Habitat for Humanity, the Dean's Advisory Council for Orfalea College of Business and The Breast Cancer Research Foundation.

## Awards

Awards that Smith has received include: the 25 Power Women to Watch in Atlanta, Advertising Age: Top 10 Women to Watch, Wall Street Journal: Top Women to Watch, Honored Alumni of the Orfalea College of Business, and AWNY Changing the Game Award.
# Reinhold Brinkmann

Reinhold Brinkmann (21 August 1934, Wildeshausen, Oldenburg, Lower Saxony – 10 October 2010, Eckernförde, Rendsburg-Eckernförde, Schleswig-Holstein) was a German musicologist.
Brinkmann was born in Wildeshausen and studied at Freiburg im Breisgau. His dissertation was about Arnold Schönberg's Klavierstücke op. 11. He started working on the faculty of Freie Universität Berlin in 1970. From 1972 to 1980 he taught at Philipps-Universität Marburg, and then until 1985 again in Berlin, at the Universität der Künste Berlin. After 1985 he taught at Harvard University, as the James Edward Ditson professor, and chair of the department of music. In 2001 he was honored with the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize. In 2006 he was elected Honorary Member of the American Musicological Society.
His research has included widely diverse publications in all areas of music theory and history from the 18th to the 20th centuries, with particular emphasis on interdisciplinary aspects. His writings examined subjects such as the Second Viennese School (especially Arnold Schoenberg), the Romantic Lied tradition, Richard Wagner, Alexander Scriabin, Edgard Varèse, Hanns Eisler, and Charles Ives. His last, unfinished project, which drew Brinkmann back to Berlin, according to the Süddeutsche Zeitung, had the working title "Das verzerrte Sublime: eine Analyse des Umgangs mit der großen musikalischen Überlieferung im Dritten Reich."

## Selected writings

* Richard Wagner: Von der Oper zum Musikdrama. Bern: Francke 1978.
* (ed.) Improvisation und neue Musik. 8 Kongressreferate. Mainz: Schott 1979.
* (ed.) Musik im Alltag. 10 Kongressbeiträge. Mainz: Schott 1980.
* Late Idyll: The Second Symphony of Johannes Brahms, translated by Peter Palmer, Harvard University Press, 1997.
* Arnold Schönberg: Drei Klavierstücke Op. 11. Studien zur frühen Atonalität bei Schönberg. 2., durchges. Aufl. mit einem neuen Vorwort. Stuttgart: Steiner 2000.
* "Musik nachdenken." Reinhold Brinkmann und Wolfgang Rihm im Gespräch. Regensburg: ConBrio 2001.
* Music of My Future: The Schoenberg Quartets and Trio, edited by Reinhold Brinkmann and Christoph Wolff, Harvard University Press, 2001.
* Vom Pfeifen und von alten Dampfmaschinen. Aufsätze zur Musik von Beethoven bis Rihm. Wien: Zsolnay 2006.
# Ian Gray (comics)

Ian Robertson Gray (1938–2007) was a British comics writer and editor.
Born on 31 March 1938 in Arbroath, Angus, Scotland, the son of a newspaper reporter for D. C. Thomson & Co., he joined the firm himself at the age of 17. Managing director R. D. Low assigned him to comics, working under editor George Moonie, where he immediately began writing scripts for three new cartoonists, Ken Reid (Roger the Dodger), Leo Baxendale (Little Plum, Minnie the Minx, The Bash Street Kids), and Davey Law (Dennis the Menace); in 1968 he co-created Dennis's dog Gnasher with Law. In 1977–79 he edited Plug, a weekly comic starring the eponymous Bash Street Kids character. From 1982 he edited The Beano Comic Library and The Dandy Comic Library. He became chief sub-editor of The Dandy in 1989, where he wrote scripts for Desperate Dan, drawn by Ken H. Harrison. He retired early in 1992.
Outside comics, he played guitar and wrote songs. He performed in skiffle groups Der Skorpions and the Folk and Blues Sextet in the 1950s, was involved in the Arbroath folk music scene in the 1960s, and was well known locally for performing his comic songs. He also raced pigeons and trialled sheepdogs. He died of a heart attack in Forfar, Angus, on 6 September 2007.
# Cabharstadh

Cabharstadh or Caversta (Scottish Gaelic: Cabharstaigh) is a village on the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Caversta is situated in the district of Pairc, and is within the parish of Lochs.
# Cláudionor Provenzano

Cláudionor Provenzano (9 May 1893 – 2 February 1965) was a Brazilian rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
# Xavier Philippe

Xavier Philippe (born 22 November 1980) is a French rower. He competed in the men's quadruple sculls event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# William Heikkila

William Heikkila (born 17 August 1944) is a Canadian athlete. He competed in the men's javelin throw at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Martin Zwilling

Martin "Marty" C. Zwilling (born November 19, 1945) is an American business executive, entrepreneur, and author.

## Background

Born and raised on his family's farm near Olney, Illinois, Martin Zwilling graduated from the University of Illinois (Champaign/Urbana) in 1967 with a degree in accounting and a minor in computer science.

## Career at IBM

From 1967 to 1981, he worked for IBM in various locations, doing field sales and marketing, systems engineering, technical support for mainframe computers and applications design.
From Kansas City, he moved in 1981 to Boca Raton, Florida to join the development team for the IBM Personal Computer division, where he worked directly with Philip Don Estridge. He led the IBM PC DOS development group and managed the relationship with Microsoft during the early 1980s.
Later he moved to the IBM Silicon Valley Lab to manage software development for a series of compiler and testing products. He finished his IBM career in 1997 as Director of a team developing reusable software components with IBM Global Services, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh, North Carolina.

## Angel investing and board membership

Zwilling has been a member of two angel investment groups: Arizona Angels and the Arizona Technology Investor Forum (ATIF). He is a board member at Callaman Ventures, an advisor to the Arizona State University Venture Catalyst Program, Executive in Residence at the Thunderbird School of Global Management, and member of the advisory boards for several start-up companies in the area.
# Meizodon

Meizodon is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The genus Meizodon contains five species, all of which are poorly known and are endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa.

## Species list

* Meizodon coronatus (Schlegel, 1837) – western crowned snake
* Meizodon krameri Schätti, 1985 – Tana Delta smooth snake
* Meizodon plumbiceps (Boettger, 1893) – black-headed smooth snake
* Meizodon regularis Fischer, 1856 – eastern crowned smooth snake
* Meizodon semiornatus (W. Peters, 1854) – semiornate smooth snake, semiornate snake
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Meizodon.

## Etymology

The specific name, krameri, is in honor of Swiss herpetologist Eugen Kramer (1921–2004).
# Rugby union in Ethiopia

Rugby union in Ethiopia is a minor but growing sport in the Horn of Africa country.

## History

Sporting activities in Ethiopia have traditionally mainly focused on distance running. As the only independent country on the continent during the Scramble for Africa, rugby did not have much of a presence locally due to lack of exposure to the game by rugby-playing European nations.
In 2006, a New Zealand expatriate in Ethiopia established Nyala RFC, the country's first official rugby squad. A co-ed team based in Addis Ababa, it consisted of rugby enthusiasts of various nationalities, sizes and ages. Taxi drivers who once transported the first squad members to the games came to represent a large proportion of the club's players. Rugby was also being taught to itinerant youth at the same capital's lone facility.
By 2007, the Ethiopian squad's coaching staff was inviting more established foreign squads from Dubai and Kenya to face off against in exhibition games. An international rugby exhibition tournament was later held in Addis Ababa in June 2009. The team eventually hopes to participate in the rugby Sevens World Cup.
General coverage of rugby via a South African satellite network has led to additional local interest in the sport. Ethiopian rugby was also made the subject of a documentary short, called Playing Rough.

## Management

The Ethiopian rugby squad is coached by Frenchman Fabrice Houpeaux. He is assisted by another French national and a New Zealander.

## Equipment and facilities

As of 2007, Ethiopia's rugby squad has no dedicated pitch with posts on which to play. Training sessions are held on the Jan Meda public field in Addis Ababa.
The team is equipped with rugby balls and kits, gear provided by 2007 Rugby World Cup host France through the "Rendez-Vous 2007" initiative. France also sent two Ethiopian players to the RWC to study the game. In 2009, new jerseys were imported from Britain.
In the wake of the global tournament, the Ethiopian rugby team's coaching staff hopes that more such involvement by countries with prominent rugby traditions will help develop the sport in Ethiopia.

## Funding

Addis Nyala Rugby Club is financed through membership fees. Money from an exhibition tournament has also gone toward rehabilitating the Jan Meda pitch. Additionally, the funds have paid for health insurance coverage for the squad's Ethiopian players.

## Governing body

There is no governing body to regulate and oversee rugby in Ethiopia. As the sport is in its infancy, establishing a national rugby federation is among the future objectives of the Ethiopian squad's coaching staff.
# Eduardo Neves

Eduardo Neves de Castro (29 August 1944 – 28 April 1969), also known as Eduardo Neves or simply Eduardo, was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a left winger.

## Career

Revealed in the youth categories of America-RJ, Neves played for the club from 1961 to 1967, when he was traded to Corinthians. He was part of the historic game to break the club's winning drought against Pelé's Santos FC on 6 March 1968. He made 71 appearances and scored 15 goals.
In 1968 Eduardo played seven matches for the Brazil national team, scoring a goal against Paraguay.

## Honours
### Brazil

* Taça Jorge Chávez/Santos Dumont: 1968
* Taça Oswaldo Cruz: 1968

## Death

Eduardo died in a car accident on 28 April 1969 while heading to Parque São Jorge for a training session with Corinthians. The right back Lidu, who was driving the car, also died.
# William McLachlan (figure skater)

William McLachlan is a Canadian ice dancer. He competed first with partner Geraldine Fenton, and later with Virginia Thompson. He won five medals at the World Figure Skating Championships, two silvers and a bronze with Fenton, and one silver and a bronze with Thompson.

## Competitive highlights

(with Fenton)
| Event | 1954 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 |
| World Championships | | | 2nd | 2nd | 3rd |
| North American Championships | | | 1st | | 1st |
| Canadian Championships | 2nd | 2nd | 1st | 1st | 1st |
(with Thompson)
| Event | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 |
| World Championships | 2nd | | 3rd |
| North American Championships | | 1st | |
| Canadian Championships | 1st | 1st | 1st |
| British Championships | | | 3rd |
# Karen Waldbillig Kasich

Karen Waldbillig Kasich (born December 26, 1963) is an American business executive and wife of Governor of Ohio and former 2016 presidential candidate John Kasich.
Kasich was born in Upper Arlington, Ohio, a suburb of Columbus, and obtained a bachelor's degree in communications from Ohio State University. She and then-Congressman Kasich were married in 1997.
Kasich left her job as vice president with GSW Worldwide, a health-care advertising agency, to become a full-time parent when the Kasichs' twin daughters, Emma and Reese, were 2 years old.
Karen Kasich, alongside Emma and Reese, campaigned with the Governor in New Hampshire in the weeks before the 2016 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary.

## Political efforts

As a result of the loss of her mother to congestive heart failure, Kasich has been involved in multiple statewide efforts to increase awareness surrounding women's heart health. She has partnered with the Ohio State University’s College of Nursing and the Million Hearts Campaign, which promotes health screenings that aid in the prevention of heart attacks and strokes. She also serves as statewide ambassador for After-School All-Stars Ohio, "a program that provides at-risk students with after-school academic support, mentoring, and fitness activities in a safe environment."
Kasich is currently a member of both The Partnership at Drugfree.org’s public relations advisory board and the Ohio Valley’s Go Red for Women Council (a program of the American Heart Association which empowers women to live heart-healthy lifestyles). Additionally, she is an Ohio Department of Transportation’s Safe Routes to School ambassador, and her efforts involve encouraging children to walk and bike to school safely and confidently.
Along with her husband, John Kasich, she has toured Ohio to promote Ohio’s youth drug prevention program, Start Talking!.

## Personal life

A self-professed "fitness freak," Kasich enjoys swimming and running, and has completed multiple marathons.

## Media

* Karen Kasich: Fitness Fanatic and First Lady of Ohio
# Walter Padgen

Walter Thomas Padgen (21 March 1882 – 8 May 1955) was a British-born Australian politician.
He was born in Woolwich to compositor John Padgen and Emma Eliza Holder. He worked in the Royal Arsenal laboratory before migrating to New South Wales around 1908; there he became an engineer. From 1910 he worked as a machinist on the railways, but he was dismissed in 1917 after supporting a strike and reinstated in 1922. On 19 May 1922 he married Margaret Chayter. From 1941 to 1948 he was a Randwick alderman, serving as mayor in 1948. He was a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1946 to 1955, when he died at Rydalmere.
# Volunteer Park Cafe & Pantry

Volunteer Park Cafe & Pantry (VPC) is a restaurant in Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. Housed in a 1900s building that previously operated as a convenience store, the business is owned by James DeSarno. Previously, Ericka Burke was the owner.

## Description

Volunteer Park Cafe & Pantry (VPC) is a restaurant operating from a small yellow house at the intersection of 17th Avenue East and Galer Street in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood. Eater Seattle has described the business as a "hybrid coffee shop, bottleshop, and corner market".
Thrillist says, "VPC is slinging great pies daily, as well as refreshing libations and a stellar hangover-cure style brunch." The New York Times has described VPC as "cozy".
The menu has included avocado toast with za’atar, egg and cheese sandwiches, matzo ball soup, and Israeli couscous salad, and the pantry has stocked preserved blueberries, vegan chocolate, and canned tomatoes. VPC has also served cakes, cookies, and other rotating seasonal pastries.

## History

VPC is housed in a c. 1904 building that previously operated as a convenience store. The restaurant closed in 2020, before reopening in 2021 under a new owner James DeSarno, a local architect and vintner. VPC is overseen by pastry chef Crystal Chiu and manager Melissa Johnson.

## Reception

Allecia Vermillion included the business in Seattle Metropolitan's 2022 list of "exceptional" breakfast sandwiches. Emma Banks and Bradley Foster included VPC in Thrillist's 2022 list of "The Absolute Best Brunches in Seattle Right Now".