OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reaction kinetics in uniform supersonic flow

Reaction kinetics in uniform supersonic flow (French: Cinétique de Réaction en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme, CRESU) is an experiment investigating chemical reactions taking place at very low temperatures.
The technique involves the expansion of a gas or mixture of gases through a de Laval nozzle from a high-pressure reservoir into a vacuum chamber. As it expands, the nozzle collimates the gas into a uniform supersonic beam, which is essentially collision-free and has a temperature that, in the centre-of-mass frame, can be significantly below that of the reservoir gas. Each nozzle produces a characteristic temperature. This way, any temperature between room temperature and about 10 K can be achieved.

## Apparatus

There are relatively few CRESU apparatuses in existence for the simple reason that the gas throughput and pumping requirements are huge, which makes them expensive to run. Two of the leading centres have been the University of Rennes (France) and the University of Birmingham (UK). A more recent development has been a pulsed version of the CRESU, which requires far less gas and therefore smaller pumps.

## Kinetics

Most species have a negligible vapour pressure at such low temperatures, and this means that they quickly condense on the sides of the apparatus. Essentially, the CRESU technique provides a "wall-less flow tube", which allows the kinetics of gas-phase reactions to be investigated at much lower temperatures than otherwise possible.
Chemical kinetics experiments can then be carried out in a pump–probe fashion, using a laser to initiate the reaction (for example, by preparing one of the reagents by photolysis of a precursor), followed by observation of that same species (for example, by laser-induced fluorescence) after a known time delay. The fluorescence signal is captured by a photomultiplier a known distance downstream of the de Laval nozzle. The time delay can be varied up to the maximum corresponding to the flow time over that known distance. By studying how quickly the reagent species disappears in the presence of differing concentrations of a (usually stable) co-reagent species, the reaction rate constant at the low temperature of the CRESU flow can be determined.
Reactions studied by the CRESU technique typically have no significant activation energy barrier. In the case of neutral–neutral reactions (i.e., not involving any charged species, ions), these type of barrier-free reactions usually involve free radical species, such as molecular oxygen (O$_2$), the cyanide radical (CN) or the hydroxyl radical (OH). The energetic driving force for these reactions is typically an attractive long-range intermolecular potential.
CRESU experiments have been used to show deviations from Arrhenius kinetics at low temperatures: as the temperature is reduced, the rate constant actually increases. They can explain why chemistry is so prevalent in the interstellar medium, where many different polyatomic species have been detected (by radio astronomy).
# 2 Corinthians 10

2 Corinthians 10 is the tenth chapter of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and Timothy (2 Corinthians 1:1) in Macedonia in 55–56 CE. According to theologian Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer, chapters 10–13 "contain the third chief section of the Epistle, the apostle's polemic vindication of his apostolic dignity and efficiency, and then the conclusion".

## Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 18 verses.

### Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
* Papyrus 46 (~AD 200)
* Codex Vaticanus (325–350)
* Codex Sinaiticus (330–360)
* Codex Alexandrinus (400–440)
* Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450; extant verses 1–7)
* Codex Freerianus (~450; extant verses 1,8–10,17–18)
* Codex Claromontanus (~550)

### Old Testament references

* 2 Corinthians 10:17: Jeremiah 9:24

### New Testament references

* 2 Corinthians 10:17: 1 Corinthians 1:31

## Verse 4

    The weapons we fight with are not the weapons of the world (New International Version).
The weapons (Biblical Greek: ὅπλα, opla) which Paul refers to are "not carnal", (Biblical Greek: ου σαρκικα, ou sarkika). He does not rely on human power and authority or on learning or eloquence.

## Verse 10

Paul knows that he is criticised for being bold and direct in his writings but treated as weak and unassertive when he is present: he has made the same point in verse 1,
    I who am humble when face to face with you, but bold toward you when I am away.
Biblical commentator Edward Plumptre notes also the criticism that Paul's delay in returning to Corinth, which he has explained in 2 Corinthians 2:15–17, was also considered to be "a proof that he was shirking [an] encounter".

## Verse 17

    But "he who glories, let him glory in the Lord."
Believers should not glories in oneself, nor in outward circumstances of life, or inward endowments of mind, but in the Lord Jesus Christ, as the author and donor of all gifts, natural and spiritual.
# Port Hood Island, Nova Scotia

46°00′26″N 61°34′14″W﻿ / ﻿46.00722°N 61.57056°W﻿ / 46.00722; -61.57056
Port Hood Island is a small island and community of the same name located in the northeastern part of St. George's Bay, a sub-basin in the eastern part of the Northumberland Strait, adjacent to the west coast of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is named after the community of Port Hood immediately to the east on Cape Breton Island. Before this name, the island was known as Smith Island.
Originally, Port Hood Island was connected to Cape Breton Island by a sand spit. It housed a booming lobster cannery, however, during a winter storm in the late 19th century, the thin sand spit connecting Port Hood Island was washed away. In the late 1950s, a road was constructed from the (then) main fishing wharf of the mainland to the fishing wharf on the island but it did not stand up to the weather and washed away shortly after completion. Rocks that made up the road still remain and now form what residents call the "Breakwater".
The island was originally settled by Protestant Loyalists, giving contrast to the Catholic majority in the Port Hood area. In the 1950s Port Hood Island had approximately 28 families, mostly fishermen and small lot farmers, along with a one-room school which handled grades 1-8/9, after which students boarded in Port Hood and attended Port Hood Academy. The island church enjoyed the services of the Port Hood minister who also served Mabou.
The Island is the subject of a song, "Lonely Island" written by Jimmy Rankin and featured on The Rankin Family's debut album. (1989).
Currently the island is mainly lived on during the summer months. There is only one permanent resident.

## Notable people

* Sidney Earle Smith, former President of the University of Toronto and Secretary of State for External Affairs
# Ryerson's Island

Ryerson's Island is an island in Ontario, Canada, located in Lake Erie north of Long Point. The island is named for its first owner, Colonel Joseph Ryerson (1764-1854), who was a Loyalist sniper from New Jersey in a unit that tried to kill George Washington, later serving with the Prince of Wales American Regiment and father of Egerton Ryerson.
# Twillingate Islands

Twillingate Islands (French "Toulinguet") are a group of islands in Notre Dame Bay of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. There are two main islands, North Twillingate Island and South Twillingate Island, and several smaller islands that lie close to those; the largest is Burnt Island. The southern island is connected to New World Island via the Walter B. Elliott Causeway. The northern island is connected to the southern island by Tickle Bridge, which runs along Main Street in the town. The actual town of Twillingate is located on both islands.
The original French name of these islands is 'Toulinguet', which was chosen by French fishermen as the landscape reminded them of the one of western Brittany, such as on Pointe du Toulinguet.
The communities on the northern Twillingate island are:
* Crow Head
* Wild Cove
* Back Harbour
The communities on the southern Twillingate island are:
* Durrell
* Bayview
* Little Harbour
* Purcell's Harbour
* Kettle Cove
* Black Duck Cove
# White Cloud Island

White Cloud Island is an island in Georgian Bay, in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is one of three islands in Colpoys Bay, and is located to the northeast of Wiarton and north of Owen Sound. The other two islands in Colpoys Bay are Griffith Island and Hay Island.
44°50′06″N 80°58′31″W﻿ / ﻿44.8351°N 80.9754°W﻿ / 44.8351; -80.9754
* This Ontario location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article related to an island or group of islands in Canada is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# 1905 Iowa Hawkeyes football team

The 1905 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1905 Western Conference football season. This was John Chalmers' third and final season as head coach of the Hawkeyes.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 26 | | Coe* | Iowa FieldIowa City, IA | W 27–0 | |
| September 30 | | Monmouth (IL)* | Iowa FieldIowa City, IA | W 40–0 | |
| October 7 | | at Chicago | Marshall FieldChicago, IL | L 0–42 | |
| October 21 | | at Minnesota | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN (rivalry) | L 0–39 | 3,550 |
| October 28 | | Iowa State Normal* | Iowa FieldIowa City, IA | W 41–5 | |
| November 4 | | Grinnell* | Iowa FieldIowa City, IA | W 45–0 | |
| November 11 | | Des Moines* | Iowa FieldIowa City, IA | W 72–0 | |
| November 18 | | Drake* | Iowa FieldIowa City, IA | W 44–0 | |
| November 25 | | at Iowa State* | State FieldAmes, IA (rivalry) | W 8–0 | |
| November 30 | 2:30 p.m. | at Saint Louis* | Sportsman's ParkSt. Louis, MO | W 31–0 | |
| *Non-conference game |||||||
# Pietà with Saint Francis and Saint Mary Magdalene

Pietà with Saint Francis and Saint Mary Magdalene is a 1602-1607 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carraci. Now in the Louvre, it was looted from the Mattei family chapel in San Francesco a Ripa in Rome by Napoleon's troops in 1797 and was not returned at the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
It is thought to be the work referred to in a letter by Giovanni Battista Agucchi reproduced in Carlo Cesare Malvasia's Felsina Pittrice – other references in Malvasia date the letter to 1607. Agucchi's words suggest he was referring to a recent work by Annibal and – though the letter does not refer explicitly to the work now in the Louvre – the context suggests that the Louvre work is the only one to which Agucchi could be referring. A second undated letter by Agucchi explicitly refers to the Pietà in the Mattei chapel, whilst another passage in Felsina confirms that that Pietà was one of Carracci's last works but states that others had dated the work much earlier.
Tietze, Mahon, Cavalli and Posner have all argued that 1607 is much too late a date for the work. However, a 1603 Domenichino copy of the work on copper backs a date very close to Carracci's death or at least just before Domenichino made the copy, although it seems to disprove the 1607 date in Agucchi's letter. It replaces Francis of Assisi with Joseph of Arimathea, perhaps suggesting that Carracci originally painted Joseph but modified it to Francis once he had a definite location for the work, namely in a church dedicated to Francis, and that Domenichino made the copy before Carraci made the modification. A preparatory drawing by Annibale (now in the Jenisch Museum in Vevey) with Joseph but without Francis was thought to confirm this theory until a 1994 X-ray of the Louvre work showed the absence of pentimenti. Another theory suggests that the area now occupied by Francis was blank when the copy was made, with Domenichino adding a figure of Joseph (either from his own invention or from rejected preparatory drawings by Annibale) and with Annibale later filling the blank with a figure of Francis
# Zangiku monogatari (1956 film)

Zangiku monogatari (残菊物語) is a 1956 black-and-white Japanese film directed by Koji Shima.

## Cast

* Kazuo Hasegawa
* Chikage Awashima
* Tamao Nakamura
* Mitsuko Yoshikawa
# Qelichabad, Kalat

Qelichabad (Persian: قليچ اباد, also Romanized as Qelīchābād; also known as Shahīd Honarmand and Shahīd Moḩammad Honarmand) is a village in Zavin Rural District, Zavin District, Kalat County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,088, in 285 families.
# Guil station

Guil Station (Korean: 구일역) is a subway station in Seoul, South Korea, that serves Seoul Subway Line 1. The name of this station comes from its location within Guro 1 (pronounced il)-dong. Dongyang Mirae University is located nearby.

## Vicinity

* Exit 1 : Guil Elementary, Middle, and High Schools
* Exit 2 (under construction): Guro Sungsim Hospital, Dongyang Mirae University, Guro Fire Station

## Near Subway Station

* Anyang stream
* Lotte Mart
# 1915 TCU Horned Frogs football team

The 1915 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) as a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1915 college football season. Led by Ewing Y. Freeland in his first and only year as head coach, the Horned Frogs compiled an overall record of 4–5. TCU their home games in Fort Worth, Texas. The team's captain was John P. Cox, who played fullback. The school adopted the Horned Frogs nickname in the spring of 1915.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 2 | | at Texas* | Clark FieldAustin, TX (rivalry) | L 0–72 |
| October 9 | 3:30 p.m. | SMU* | TCU campusFort Worth, TX (rivalry) | W 43–0 |
| October 15 | | Texas A&M* | Y. M. C. A. Athletic ParkFort Worth, TX (rivalry) | L 10–13 |
| October 19 | | vs. Austin | Dallas FairDallas, TX | W 28–0 |
| October 30 | | at Rice* | Rice FieldHouston, TX | L 3–33 |
| November 6 | | at Trinity (TX)* | Waxahachie, TX | W 25–0 |
| November 12 | 3:30 p.m. | Southwestern (TX) | Y. M. C. A. Athletic ParkFort Worth, TX | W 21–0 |
| November 16 | 3:30 p.m. | Oklahoma A&M* | Y. M. C. A. Athletic ParkFort Worth, TX | L 0–13 |
| November 25 | 2:00 p.m. | at Baylor* | Carroll FieldWaco, TX (rivalry) | L 0–51 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Gulpocheon station

Gulpocheon Station is a railway station on Seoul Subway Line 7.

## Station layout

* Samsan Gymnasium ↑
* | N/B
* ↓ Bupyeong-gu Office
| Southbound | ← ● Line 7 toward Seongnam |
| Northbound | → ● Line 7 toward Jangam → |
| Preceding station | Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Following station |
| Samsan Gymnasiumtowards Jangam | | Line 7 | | Bupyeong-gu Officetowards Seongnam |
vteSeoul Metropolitan Subway :
37°30′25″N 126°43′53″E﻿ / ﻿37.50695°N 126.73148°E﻿ / 37.50695; 126.73148
* This Seoul Metropolitan Subway station article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Qelish Baghi

Qelish Baghi (Persian: قلش باغي, also Romanized as Qelish Bāghī; also known as Ghelich Baghi, Kalashbāgh, Qelīch Bāghī, and Qelīj Bāghī) is a village in Ali Sadr Rural District, Gol Tappeh District, Kabudarahang County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 533, in 109 families.
# Muneo Tokunaga

Muneo Tokunaga (徳永 宗雄, Tokunaga Muneo) was a Japanese Indologist. A graduate of the doctoral program of Harvard University, he taught in the Indology Department of Kyoto University.

## Biography

Tokunaga was a specialist in Sanskrit and the Vedas and was also one of the world's foremost authorities on Indian languages. He was an authority on Indian epics, and in 1994 provided the world with the first digital, searchable text, in ASCII format, of the Mahabharata, based on the Poona Critical Edition. This has now been revised by John D. Smith. Tokunaga also transcribed the other Indian epic, the Ramayana, based on the Baroda Critical Edition, which also afforded Smith the basis for his revised digital version. He was a severe critic of the theories of Susumu Ōno linking the Japanese and Tamil languages.

## Links

* CiNii-Tokunaga Muneo (books)
# 2 Brothers

2 Brothers (Thai: 2 Brothers – แผนลวงรักฉบับพี่ชาย) is a 2019 Thai television series starring Sattaphong Phiangphor [th] (Tao), Suradet Piniwat (Bas) and Dhanundhorn Neerasingh (Fang).
Directed by Ekkasit Trakulkasemsuk and produced by Star Hunter Studio, the series premiered on GMM 25 and LINE TV on 16 February 2019, airing on Saturdays at 21:25 ICT. The series concluded on 11 May 2019.

## Cast and characters

Below are the cast of the series:

### Main

* Sattaphong Phiangphor [th] (Tao) as Pete / Chanan
* Suradet Piniwat (Bas) as Tony
* Dhanundhorn Neerasingh (Fang) as Kaopun

### Supporting

* Prachakorn Piyasakulkaew (Sun) as Badin
* Theewara Panyatara (Bank) as Bad
* Suttatip Wutchaipradit (Ampere) as Pancake
* Chomchai Chatwilai (Add) as Grandmother Sompit
* Ampha Phoosit as Jam
* Ratawan Aomtisong (Min) as Brownie
* Naerunchara Lertprasert (Neko) as Pat
* Methakorn Supapantaree (Ice) as Taro
* Krit Atthaseri (Kling) as Theeradeth, Badin's father

### Guest role

* Suppapong Udomkaewkanjana (Saint) as Phat (Ep. 12)

## Soundtracks

| Song Title | Romanized Title | English Title | Artist |
| รักฉันหมายความว่าเธอ | Rak Chan Maikhwam Wa Tur | Curious? | Dhanundhorn Neerasingh (Fang) |
| ลมหายใจคือเธอ | Lomhaichai Khu Tur | All I Need | Dhanundhorn Neerasingh (Fang) |
| ลมหายใจคือเธอ | Lomhaichai Khu Tur | All I Need | Sattaphong Phiangphor [th] (Tao) |
# Wongok-dong

Wongok-dong (Korean: 원곡동; Hanja: 元谷洞) is neighbourhood of Danwon-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It is officially divided into Wongok-1-dong, Wongok-2-dong and Wongok-bondong. The multi cultural special zone (town) is located in wongok-dong. In multi culture town 70% of the people are foreign and 30% of the people are Korean. Wongok-dong has the widest forest area of 34km. The farmland is 18.8km, which is small compared to the total area.
Wongok Station was located in Wongok-dong as a stopover for Suin Line. The Suin Line was a narrow-gauge railway that operated Suwon Station in Paldal-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon Port in Jung-gu, Incheon-si in 1937. Then, in November 1973, Incheon Port (South Incheon) Station and Yonghyeon Station were closed, and Songdo, Incheon, became the final stations.
Freight transportation was suspended from 1977, and the number of operations decreased to three times a day from 1983, but the Suin Line service was suspended as of January 1, 1996. At that time, Wongok Station and Gojan Station in Ansan, where Suin Line passes, had more passenger traffic than cargo traffic. This is because all stations and surrounding areas on the Suin Line were the only means of transportation to travel between Suwon and Incheon at the shortest distance, with cars and route buses insufficient.
The current Ansan Station was created in 1988 when the Ansan Line, a metropolitan subway line, was opened. Wongok Station was installed between Ansan Station and Singil Oncheon Station, where trains going up and down were crossing, and after Ansan Station was built, it was closed and demolished.
Meanwhile, small factories are located nearby at Wongok Station on the Suin Line, and there are two old trees at the entrance and a sign indicating that it was Wongok Station in the past.
In addition to the subway with Seoul, Wongok-dong has various city and county roads in addition to Pyeongtaek Siheung Expressway (the 2nd West Coast Expressway), Seoul-Ansan Expressway, and National Road No. 42.

## Education

Ansan Seo Elementary School a.k.a. Ansan West Elementary School (안산서초등학교) in Wongok-dong has a multicultural program with students from other countries, a rarity in South Korean education.
# Guro Digital Complex station

Guro Digital Complex Station (Korean: 구로디지털단지역) is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 2. This station will also become a station on the Sin Ansan Line in the future.
When the Shinansan Line opens in the future, it will be a transfer station. The station is located at the intersection of Guro District, Yeongdeungpo District, Dongjak District and Gwanak District, and in 2009, Guro Digital Complex Station was selected as the bus stop in Seoul with the largest number of bus users.
The area nearby was used as a filming location for several Korean films, including The Yellow Sea by Na Hong-jin.

## Station layout

| L2 Platform level | Side platform, doors will open on the right | Side platform, doors will open on the right |
| L2 Platform level | Inner loop | ← Line 2 toward Chungjeongno (Daerim) |
| L2 Platform level | Outer loop | → Line 2 toward City Hall (Sindaebang) → |
| Side platform, doors will open on the right ||
| L1 Concourse | Lobby | Customer Service, Shops, Vending machines, ATMs |
| G | Street level | Exit |
# Unraveled (film)

Unraveled is a 2011 American documentary film about lawyer Marc Dreier, who was arrested for orchestrating a fraud scheme that netted 750 million dollars from hedge funds and clients. Set during his house arrest, the film recounts Drier's struggle to prepare for the possibility of life imprisonment with first-person flashbacks of his actions.
The film also shows Drier's attempts to grasp his unraveling. The film was produced and directed by Marc H. Simon of Stick Figure Productions. Other producers include Matthew Makar, Steven Cantor, and Miranda Bailey. The band Red Wanting Blue was commissioned to write an original song for the film about Dreier's experiences. The song is titled "Magic Man" and plays in its entirety in the documentary.
# Up to Our Necks

Up to our Necks is an unauthorized documentary film on the American heavy metal band Slipknot. The unrated biography shows never-before-seen interviews with the band members, but does not have live footage nor music by the band.
# Thierry Repentin

Thierry Repentin (French pronunciation:; born 5 April 1963) is a French politician who has served as Mayor of Chambéry since 2020. A member of the Socialist Party (PS), he previously served as a Senator for Savoie (2004–2012; 2014) and in government as Minister Delegate for Vocational Training and Apprenticeship (2012–2013) and for European Affairs (2013–2014) under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault.

## Biography
### Early life

Thierry Repentin was born in Saint-Pierre-d'Albigny and grew up in Saint-Jean-de-la-Porte. He was educated in Chambéry and graduated from the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies in Grenoble.

### Career

Repentin first worked as a parliamentary assistant to MEP Jean-Pierre Cot, before he served as chief of staff to Louis Besson from 1989 to 1995 during the first years of Besson's tenure as Mayor of Chambéry. Repentin later became an assistant of Besson when he was Secretary of State for Housing under Prime Minister Lionel Jospin from 1997 to 2001.
From 1995 to 2001, Repentin also served as a Deputy Mayor of Chambéry. From 2008 to 2014, he served as a Deputy Mayor of Sonnaz. He held a seat in the Departmental Council of Savoie (General Council of Savoie until 2015) from 1998 to 2020, first for the canton of Chambéry-Nord, then for the canton of Chambéry-1 starting in 2015 following redistricting. From 2001 to 2004, Repentin also held the presidency of Chambéry Métropole, a former agglomeration community centred around Chambéry.
He served as a member of the Senate, representing the Savoie department, from 2004 to 2012, when he was appointed to the government as Minister Delegate for Vocational Training and Apprenticeship under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault. In 2013, he was appointed Minister Delegate for European Affairs. He briefly returned to the Senate in 2014 after Manuel Valls was appointed prime minister. He stood for reelection later that year but was defeated.
From 2016 until 2021, Repentin was a member of the Regional Council of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. In 2020, he was elected Mayor of Chambéry.

## Honours

* 14 November 2013: Grand Officer of the Order of Saint-Charles
* 14 July 2015: Knight of the Legion of Honour