# 89th United States Congress

The 89th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1965, to January 3, 1967, during the second and third years of Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1960 United States census.
Both chambers had a Democratic supermajority, and with the election of President Lyndon B. Johnson to his own term in office, maintaining an overall federal government trifecta. This is the last time Democrats or any party had a 2/3rd supermajority in the Senate.
The 89th Congress is regarded as "arguably the most productive in American history". Some of its landmark legislation includes Social Security Amendments of 1965 (the creation of Medicare and Medicaid), the Voting Rights Act, Higher Education Act, Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the Freedom of Information Act.

## Major events

* January 4, 1965: President Johnson proclaimed his "Great Society" during his State of the Union Address.
* January 20, 1965: Inauguration of President Lyndon B. Johnson for a full term.
* November 8, 1966: United States elections, 1966, including:
** United States Senate elections, 1966
** United States House of Representatives elections, 1966

## Major legislation

* April 11, 1965: Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–10
* July 27, 1965: Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–92
* July 30, 1965: Social Security Act of 1965, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–97 (including Medicaid and Medicare)
* August 6, 1965: Voting Rights Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–110
* August 10, 1965: Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–117
* August 26, 1965: Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–136
* September 9, 1965 Department of Housing and Urban Development Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–174, 79 Stat. 667
* September 29, 1965: National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–209
* October 3, 1965: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, (Hart-Celler Act, INS Act) Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–236
* October 6, 1965: Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–239
* October 20, 1965: Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–272 (including Solid Waste Disposal Act)
* October 22, 1965: Highway Beautification Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–285
* November 8, 1965: Higher Education Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–329
* November 8, 1965: Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendments Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–333
* August 26, 1966: Laboratory Animal Welfare Act Now called the Animal Welfare Act Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–544
* April 13, 1966: Uniform Time Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–387
* July 13, 1966: Cotton Research and Promotion Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–502
* September 6, 1966: Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–554, which (among other things) enacted what is now called the Freedom of Information Act
* September 9, 1966: National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–563
* September 9, 1966: Highway Safety Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–564
* October 15, 1966: National Historic Preservation Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–665
* October 15, 1966: National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–669
* October 15, 1966: Department of Transportation Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–670
* November 2, 1966: Cuban Adjustment Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–732
* November 3, 1966: Comprehensive Health, Planning and Service Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–749

## Constitutional amendments

* July 6, 1965: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution addressing succession to the presidency and establishing procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the vice president, and for responding to presidential disabilities, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
** Amendment was later ratified on February 10, 1967, becoming the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

## Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

### Senate

| | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant |
| | Democratic (D) | Republican (R) | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous congress | 66 | 34 | 100 | 0 |
| Begin | 68 | 32 | 100 | 0 |
| End | 66 | 33 | 99 | 1 |
| Final voting share | 66.7% | 33.3% | | |
| Beginning of next congress | 64 | 35 | 99 | 1 |

### House of Representatives

| | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant |
| | Democratic (D) | Republican (R) | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous congress | 253 | 177 | 430 | 5 |
| Begin | 295 | 140 | 435 | 0 |
| End | 288 | 137 | 425 | 10 |
| Final voting share | 67.8% | 32.2% | | |
| Beginning of next congress | 248 | 187 | 435 | 0 |

## Leadership
### Senate

* President: Hubert Humphrey (D), starting January 20, 1965
* President pro tempore: Carl Hayden (D)
* Permanent Acting President pro tempore: Lee Metcalf (D)

#### Majority (Democratic) leadership

* Majority Leader and Democratic Conference Chairman: Mike Mansfield
* Majority Whip: Russell B. Long
* Caucus Secretary: George Smathers

#### Minority (Republican) leadership

* Minority Leader: Everett Dirksen
* Minority Whip: Thomas Kuchel
* Republican Conference Chairman: Leverett Saltonstall
* Republican Conference Secretary: Milton Young
* National Senatorial Committee Chair: Thruston Ballard Morton
* Policy Committee Chairman: Bourke B. Hickenlooper

### House of Representatives

* Speaker: John W. McCormack (D)

#### Majority (Democratic) leadership

* Majority Leader: Carl Albert
* Majority Whip: Hale Boggs
* Democratic Caucus Chairman: Eugene James Keogh
* Democratic Caucus Secretary: Leonor Sullivan
* Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Michael J. Kirwan

#### Minority (Republican) leadership

* Minority Leader: Gerald Ford
* Minority Whip: Leslie C. Arends
* Republican Conference Chairman: Melvin Laird
* Policy Committee Chairman: John Jacob Rhodes
* Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Bob Wilson

## Caucuses

* House Democratic Caucus
* Senate Democratic Caucus

## Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

### Senate

Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1970; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1966; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1968.

### House of Representatives

Names of members are preceded by their district numbers.

## Changes in membership
### Senate

* Replacements: 5
** Democratic: 1-seat net loss
** Republican: 1-seat net gain
* Deaths: 2
* Resignations: 2

### House of Representatives

* Replacements: 9
** Democratic: no net change
** Republican: no net change
* Deaths: 5
* Resignations: 15
* Total seats with changes: 20

## Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

### Senate

* Aeronautical and Space Sciences (Chairman: Clinton P. Anderson; Ranking Member: Margaret Chase Smith)
* Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Allen J. Ellender; Ranking Member: George D. Aiken)
* Appropriations (Chairman: Carl Hayden; Ranking Member: Leverett Saltonstall)
* Armed Services (Chairman: Richard B. Russell; Ranking Member: Leverett Saltonstall)
* Banking and Currency (Chairman: A. Willis Robertson; Ranking Member: Wallace F. Bennett)
* Commerce (Chairman: Warren G. Magnuson; Ranking Member: Norris Cotton)
* District of Columbia (Chairman: Alan Bible; Ranking Member: Winston L. Prouty)
* Finance (Chairman: Russell B. Long; Ranking Member: John J. Williams)
* Foreign Relations (Chairman: J. William Fulbright; Ranking Member: Bourke B. Hickenlooper)
* Government Operations (Chairman: John Little McClellan; Ranking Member: Karl E. Mundt)
* Interior and Insular Affairs (Chairman: Henry M. Jackson; Ranking Member: Thomas H. Kuchel)
* Judiciary (Chairman: James O. Eastland; Ranking Member: Everett Dirksen)
* Labor and Public Welfare (Chairman: J. Lister Hill; Ranking Member: Jacob K. Javits)
* Organization of Congress (Select) (Chairman: [data missing])
* Post Office and Civil Service (Chairman: A.S. Mike Monroney; Ranking Member: Frank Carlson)
* Public Works (Chairman: Pat McNamara; Ranking Member: John Sherman Cooper)
* Rules and Administration (Chairman: B. Everett Jordan; Ranking Member: Carl T. Curtis)
* Small Business (Select) (Chairman: John J. Sparkman)
* Standards and Conduct (Select) (Chairman: [data missing]; Ranking Member: [data missing])
* Whole

### House of Representatives

* Agriculture (Chairman: Harold D. Cooley; Ranking Member: Paul B. Dague)
* Appropriations (Chairman: George H. Mahon; Ranking Member: Frank T. Bow)
* Armed Services (Chairman: L. Mendel Rivers; Ranking Member: William H. Bates)
* Banking and Currency (Chairman: Wright Patman; Ranking Member: William B. Widnall)
* District of Columbia (Chairman: John L. McMillan; Ranking Member: Ancher Nelsen)
* Education and Labor (Chairman: Adam Clayton Powell; Ranking Member: William H. Ayres)
* Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Thomas E. Morgan; Ranking Member: Frances P. Bolton)
* Government Operations (Chairman: William L. Dawson; Ranking Member: Clarence J. Brown)
* House Administration (Chairman: Omar Burleson; Ranking Member: Glenard P. Lipscomb)
* Interior and Insular Affairs (Chairman: Wayne N. Aspinall; Ranking Member: John P. Saylor)
* Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: Oren Harris; Ranking Member: William L. Springer)
* Judiciary (Chairman: Emanuel Celler; Ranking Member: William M. McCulloch)
* Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: Edward A. Garmatz; Ranking Member: William S. Mailliard)
* Post Office and Civil Service (Chairman: Tom J. Murray; Ranking Member: Robert J. Corbett)
* Public Works (Chairman: George Hyde Fallon; Ranking Member: William C. Cramer)
* Rules (Chairman: Howard W. Smith; Ranking Member: Clarence J. Brown)
* Science and Astronautics (Chairman: George Paul Miller; Ranking Member: Joseph W. Martin Jr.)
* Small Business (Select) (Chairman: Joe L. Evins)
* Standards of Official Conduct (Chairman: [data missing])
* Un-American Activities (Chairman: Edwin E. Willis; Ranking Member: John M. Ashbrook)
* Veterans' Affairs (Chairman: Olin E. Teague; Ranking Member: E. Ross Adair)
* Ways and Means (Chairman: Wilbur D. Mills; Ranking Member: John W. Byrnes)
* Whole

### Joint committees

* Atomic Energy (Chairman: Rep. Chet Holifield; Vice Chairman: Sen. John O. Pastore)
* Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
* Construction of a Building for a Museum of History and Technology for the Smithsonian
* Defense Production (Chairman: Sen. A. Willis Robertson; Vice Chairman: Rep. Wright Patman)
* Disposition of Executive Papers
* Economic (Chairman: Rep. Wright Patman; Vice Chairman: Sen. Paul H. Douglas)
* Immigration and Nationality Policy (Chairman: Rep. Michael A. Feighan)
* Legislative Budget
* The Library (Chairman: Rep. Omar Burleson; Vice Chairman: Sen. B. Everett Jordan)
* Navajo-Hopi Indian Administration
* Organization of Congress
* Printing (Chairman: Sen. Carl Hayden; Vice Chairman: Rep. Omar Burleson)
* Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures (Chairman: Vacant; Vice Chairman: Vacant)
* Taxation (Chairman: Rep. Wilbur D. Mills; Vice Chairman: Sen. Harry F. Byrd)

## Employees
### Legislative branch agency directors

* Architect of the Capitol: J. George Stewart
* Attending Physician of the United States Congress: George Calver, until 1966
** Rufus Pearson, from 1966
* Comptroller General of the United States: Joseph Campbell, until July 31, 1965, vacant thereafter
** vacant, July 31, 1965 – March 8, 1966
** Elmer B. Staats, from March 8, 1966
* Librarian of Congress: Lawrence Quincy Mumford
* Public Printer of the United States: James L. Harrison

### Senate

* Chaplain: Frederick Brown Harris (Methodist)
* Parliamentarian: Floyd Riddick
* Secretary: Felton McLellan Johnston, until December 30, 1965
** Emery L. Frazier, January 1, 1966 – September 30, 1966
** Francis R. Valeo, from October 1, 1966
* Librarian: Richard D. Hupman
* Democratic Party Secretary: Francis R. Valeo, until 1966
** J. Stanley Kimmitt, from 1966
* Republican Party Secretary: J. Mark Trice
* Sergeant at Arms: Joseph C. Duke, until December 30, 1965
** Robert G. Dunphy, from January 14, 1966

### House of Representatives

* Chaplain: Bernard Braskamp (Presbyterian)
* Clerk: Ralph R. Roberts
* Doorkeeper: William M. Miller
* Postmaster: H. H. Morris
* Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler
* Reading Clerks: Charles W. Hackney Jr. (D) and Joe Bartlett (R)
* Sergeant at Arms: Zeake W. Johnson

## Footnotes

* ↑ Karen Tumulty (April 9, 2014). "LBJ's presidency gets another look as civil rights law marks its 50th anniversary". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
* Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
* Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.