OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Blue Gemini

Blue Gemini was a United States Air Force (USAF) project first proposed in August 1962 for a series of seven flights of Gemini spacecraft to enable the Air Force to gain crewed spaceflight experience prior to the launch of the Manned Orbital Development System, or MODS. The plan was to use off-the-shelf Gemini spacecraft.
It began as the Military Orbital Development System, created by the US Air Force Space System Division (SSD) in June 1962.

## History

Blue Gemini would consist of two National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) missions which would include a USAF co-pilot and would accomplish NASA objectives. These would be followed by two more NASA missions that would have USAF crews. Those missions would be devoted to NASA goals, but would include USAF experiments if possible. The final phase of Blue Gemini would consist of three dedicated USAF missions. One of these would be an Agena Target Vehicle rendezvous mission. It was possible that some of these later missions would carry only a single crew member, the other seat being occupied by experimental equipment. Possible payloads included a Manned Maneuvering Unit that would allow an astronaut to maneuver around the spacecraft, an advanced navigation system, an erectable structure, and a large ground mapping radar. The plan was to end Blue Gemini missions approximately four months before the debut of the MODS space station.
Blue Gemini was canceled in January 1963 by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara after he decided that military experiments could be carried aboard some NASA missions, i.e., Project Gemini. McNamara also canceled MODS at the same time. On 21 January 1963 McNamara and NASA Administrator James Webb agreed to create a Gemini Program Planning Board, "to avoid duplication of effort in the field of manned space flight and to insure maximum attainment of objectives of value to both the NASA and DOD."
In December 1963 McNamara approved the development of a Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL) which was essentially a revived MODS. Blue Gemini should not be confused with the Gemini B spacecraft that was developed for MOL. Gemini B included a tunnel through its heat shield to enable the astronauts to reach the MOL spacecraft.
Because Blue Gemini was a paper project that was canceled before NASA started any Gemini flights, no Blue Gemini hardware was constructed. A test article on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio is the Gemini B spacecraft, recognized by its distinctive "US Air Force" written on the side, and the circular hatch cut through the heat shield.

## In fiction

The Blue Gemini trilogy of novels (Blue Gemini, Blue Darker Than Black, and Pale Blue) by Mike Jenne describe a fictional "Aerospace Support Project" which used a modified version of the Gemini spacecraft to execute military IIK (Intercept-Inspect-Kill) missions against Soviet satellites suspected of carrying nuclear weapons.
# PK Bosna

Active sport clubs of Bosna Sarajevo :
| Football | Basketball | Handball |
| Volleyball | Athletics | Water polo |
| Chess | Karate | Swimming |
| Ice hockey | Skating | Table tennis |
| Wrestling | Judo | Diving |
| Gymnastics | Rhythmic Gymnastics | Tennis |
PK Bosna is a swimming club from Sarajevo, Bosnia. The club is part of the University Sport Society USD Bosna (Bosnian: Univerzitetsko Sportsko Društvo Bosna). It was formed in 1960 and is part of the Swimming Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Honors

Bosnia and Herzegovina Swimming Championship
* Winners (1) : 2010

## History

Swimming in the city of Sarajevo became more organized after World War II. PK Bosna was founded in 1960, and home grounds were the Higijena pool. Later they moved to the pool at Koševo. Official foundings were on June 11, 1981.
# Prelude and Fugue in F minor, BWV 881

The Prelude and Fugue in F minor, BWV 881, is a keyboard composition written by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is the twelfth prelude and fugue in the second book of The Well-Tempered Clavier, a series of 48 preludes and fugues by the composer.

## Analysis
### Prelude

The prelude is 70 bars long, and is written in binary form, of which the first half is 28 bars long and ends in A-flat major. The second half modulates through a variety of keys before returning to the home key of F minor. Below is the opening sentence of the prelude:
The first four measures of this sentence have two voices leading the melody in thirds, and another voice leading the bass line. After four measures, only two voices continue. One voice plays the root of a chord, while the second voice plays a broken chord around it. This continues like so for another four measures, and ends with an imperfect cadence. After this, the sentence is repeated, except modulating to E♭ major at one point and ending on a perfect cadence. Together, these two sentences create a compound period, and the first part of a small binary.
Following the compound period, the second part of the small binary starts. It consists of one voice playing broken chords and two other voices leading a melody, and is eight measures long. A perfect cadence in A♭ major concludes the small binary, and thus ending the theme of the prelude.
The prelude ends with a two-measure codetta, which consists of a perfect cadence in the home key.

### Fugue

The fugue is 85 bars long, and is written for 3 voices. Below is the 4-measure subject of the fugue:
Just like most fugues in the baroque period, the subject is then repeated in the middle voice in the dominant key (C minor), and then repeated once more in the lowest voice, again in the home key. This final repetition of the subject is followed a small episode that consists of a descending fifths sequence. This is followed by the development of the fugue, which has many additional repetitions of the subject in various voices and keys, and occasionally episodes with the same descending fifths sequence as before in between. After the final repetition of the subject in the tonic key, the descending fifths episode is repeated as a codetta with a Picardy third, which concludes the fugue.
# Eritrea at the Olympics

Eritrea made its debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney where it sent three athletes to compete in track and field events. At the 2004 Games in Athens, Zersenay Tadese won Eritrea's first ever medal when he finished third in the men's 10,000 meters.
Eritrea made its winter debut at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea, where Shannon-Ogbnai Abeda competed for Eritrea in the alpine skiing events.
The Eritrean National Olympic Committee was formed in 1996 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1999.

## Medal tables
### Medals by sport

| Sport | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| Athletics | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (1 entries) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |

## List of medalists

| Medal | Name | Games | Sport | Event |
| Bronze | Zersenay Tadese | 2004 Athens | Athletics | Men's 10,000 metres |
# Thierry Rey

Thierry Rey (born 1 June 1959) is a French judoka, world and olympic champion. He won a gold medal in the extra lightweight (‍–‍60 kg) division at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. He is the father of Martin Rey-Chirac, as a result of a relation with Claude Chirac, a daughter of late president Jacques Chirac.
# Gérard Coignot

Gérard Coignot (born November 1936) is a French former swimmer. He competed in the men's 100 metre backstroke at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Yttrium(II) oxide

Yttrium(II) oxide or yttrium monoxide is a chemical compound with the formula YO. This chemical compound was first created in its solid form by pulsed laser deposition, using yttrium(III) oxide as the target at 350 °C. The film was deposited on calcium fluoride using a krypton monofluoride laser. This resulted in a 200 nm flim of yttrium monoxide.
# Anthony Dickenson

Anthony Dickenson is a professor of neuropharmacology at University College, London.

## Career

Tony Dickenson was appointed to the Department of Pharmacology at University College in 1983. He conducted research into the mechanisms of pain and how pain can be controlled in both normal and patho-physiological conditions and how to translate basic science to the patient.
Dickenson has supervised more than 20 completed PhD students as well as contributing to undergraduate science and medical teaching. He is a founding and continuing member of the London Pain Consortium, a Wellcome Trust Integrated Physiology Initiative, which funds a group of scientists in London and Oxford studying pain mechanisms and educating young scientists in this field.
He has authored more than 330 refereed publications including Science and Nature, edited three books and written many chapters. He has also been quoted in the media and in magazine articles as an expert on pain remediation.

## Research

At UCL, the focus of his group's research has been based on understanding the transmission and control of pain, how neuronal systems alter in pathophysiological states and how novel and licensed drugs produce their effects with the aim of translating the basic research into clinical applications.
Early studies described the neuronal basis of Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory controls (DNIC). Tony's group was also the first to show the NMDA receptor mediation of wind-up and its role in persistent pain. Continuing work on central hyperexcitability has been seminal in understanding of pain in animals and humans.
Studies include collaborations with Prof Frank Porreca of the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Arizona, investigating opioid pathways; collaborations with Prof John Wood of the Molecular Nociception Group, examining tissue specific deletion of targets and studies with Prof Annette Dolphin involving the role of voltage-dependent Ca$^{2+}$ channels in pathological states.
# David Lodge (scientist)

David Lodge is a research fellow in the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at the University of Bristol.

## Education

Lodge was awarded a Bachelor of Veterinary Science degree in 1963 and worked in University of Bristol as a surgeon and anaesthetist, before doing postgraduate research with Tim J. Biscoe on the neuropharmacology of amino acids, he was awarded his PhD in 1974.

## Research and career

During postdoctoral studies at the Australian National University with David Curtis, he helped establish the role of glutamate as a central neurotransmitter and characterised its actions between AMPA, N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) and kainate receptor subtypes. At the Royal Veterinary College, Lodge linked his interests in anaesthesia and glutamate receptors by making the key discovery that the dissociative anaesthetics, ketamine and phencyclidine, selectively blocked NMDA receptors. He related NMDA receptor antagonism to psychotomimetic effects. This provided a basis for the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia and redirected pharmaceutical search for schizophrenia therapies. David was recruited as a director of Eli Lilly's neuroscience program, where he helped develop glutamate receptor approaches to brain diseases, resulting in clinical trials, e.g. for schizophrenia, some of which are ongoing. As of 2016, Lodge's research concerns the mechanism of action of new ‘legal highs’ and the consequences of spontaneous mutations in glutamate receptors.

## Awards and honours

Lodge was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2016 and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences. He was awarded a Doctor of Science degree from the University of Bristol in 2002.
# John Pritchard (rower)

John Martin Pritchard (born 30 November 1957) is a British rower who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics, winning a silver medal, and the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Pritchard was born in Fulham, South West London. His father, John William Pritchard, served as a Detective Chief Superintendent and had a notable career as an investigating officer in the Great Train Robbery case in 1963.
He attended Halford Road Primary school in Fulham and later St Clement Danes Grammar School on Ducane Road in Hammersmith from 1969 to 1975. From 1983 to 1986, he studied law at Robinson College, Cambridge. During his time at Cambridge, he served as the President of the Hawks' Club, following in the footsteps of Rob Andrew, the former England Rugby player.
In 1980, he was a crew member of the British eight that won the Olympic silver medal. In 1981, he won a silver medal at the World Rowing Championships in Munich. He finished fifth with the British eight in the 1984 Olympics.
He coached the Oxford University Boat Club in 1980 and 1981, and the Cambridge University Boat Club in 1982 and 1983. He rowed in The Boat Race three times for Cambridge against Oxford. In the 1984 race, the crew in which he rowed famously hit a barge moored above Putney Bridge resulting in the much-broadcast image of a sinking boat. The win in the 1986 race was the only Cambridge win in a run of 17 wins for Oxford. By winning in 1986, Cambridge denied Oxford winning the Ladbrokes trophy outright, having won for the previous nine years.
Pritchard founded and runs an executive search business, Piper Pritchard Associates, in London. He was a director of the British Olympic Association and is Chairman of Right To Play, an international charity which supports children in war-torn and deprived parts of the world through sport. He is Chairman of the Hawks' Club. He is also chairman of the steering committee and deputy chairman of the alumni advisory board of Cambridge University.
In 2014, he rowed the length of the Mississippi river in a traditional Thames racing skiff. The 2,320 mile journey took three months and raised over $1,000,000 for Right to Play.
# Whelk Point Fort

The Whelk Point Fort was a colonial fort erected on the southeast part of Tortola in the British Virgin Islands. The fort fell into disrepair and ruin, and relatively little of the original structure remains. In 1992 a house was built over the original foundations of the fort, but the remains of the barracks can still be seen on the land behind the house. The ruins are on private property and are not generally accessible to the public.
The main fortification was built by the British at the outbreak of the American War of Independence. The fort guarded two strategic locations. Primarily, the fort overlooks the narrow passage entering Paraquita Bay to the west - one of the largest natural harbours in the British Virgin Islands and the natural gateway to one of the relatively few large agricultural areas on Tortola. The passage into Paraquita Bay is extremely narrow to navigate in any event with the wind and waves surging directly into the gap, and it would be almost impossible to make the entrance in an eighteenth-century sailboat under immediate fire from the fort only 100 meters away. Secondly, the fort formed part of a twin fortification (with Fort Shirley) around the settlement which was based in what is now known as Hodge's Creek. Although that settlement declined in importance, for a considerable part of the Territory's history (when the main administration of the islands was conducted from Spanish Town on Virgin Gorda), that was the most significant settlement on Tortola.
The fort never actually fired a shot in anger under British command.
The fort later fell again into disrepair, and it was acquired in 1966 by Neville Westwood and his wife, who built their home on the adjacent land. That house was subsequently torn down and a new house erected over the foundations of the fort in 1992.

## Images

* The eastern edge of the ruins
* The outline of the original barracks
* One of the few remaining walls
* The house which was built over the original fort
# Maria Carlsson

Maria Carlsson-Augstein (born 1937) is a German former literary translator. She is fluent in English and has translated numerous English literary works into German.

## Biography

Maria Carlsson was born in 1937. She was married to German journalist Hans-Joachim Sperr. After Sperr's death, she married Rudolf Augstein in 1968. They had two children, Franziska Augstein and Jakob Augstein. They divorced in 1970. Following her ex-husband's death in 2002, she informed her son that his biological father was in fact novelist Martin Walser.

## Literature career

Carlsson has been working as a translator of literary works which are derived from the English language since the 1950s, and has translated numerous John Updike popular literary works such as Memories of the time under Ford, The Party in the evening, I never was happy, Golf dreams.
In 1994, she was awarded the Heinrich Maria Ledig-Rowohlt Prize and in 2002 received the Helmut M. Braem Translator Prize for her outstanding translations of the literary works from English to German.
# James Stuart (British Army officer, born 1741)

General James Stuart (1741–1815) was a British Army officer who served in North America during the American Revolutionary War and took part in various campaigns in British India. He was the first General Officer Commanding, Ceylon and second Military Governor of British Ceylon. He was appointed on 1 March 1796 and was Governor until 1 January 1797. He was succeeded by Welbore Ellis Doyle.

## Early life

Stuart was born on 2 March 1741. He was the third son of John Stuart of Blairhall in Perthshire. His mother was Anne, daughter of Francis Stuart, 7th Earl of Moray. Stuart was educated at schools in Culross and Dunfermline, Scotland. He studied law at the University of Edinburgh and then joined the British Army, serving in the American War of Independence.

## Military career
### India and Ceylon

Promoted to major in the 78th Foot, he arrived in India in 1782 and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 14 February. He took part in Sir Eyre Coote's campaign against Hyder in the Second Anglo-Mysore War, and was present at the siege of Cuddalore where he commanded the attack on the right of the main position in the assault of 13 July 1782.
He served in the campaign of 1790, under General Sir William Medows, against Tipu Sultan, attacking the fortresses of Dindigul and Palghaut. He served under Cornwallis during the campaigns of 1791–2, and led the siege of Seringapatam, commanding the centre column in the assault of 6 February 1792. Promoted to colonel in August, he returned to Madras in 1794.
Promoted to major-general in 1795, he took command of the expedition against Dutch possessions in Ceylon that year. After the whole island was secured in 1796, Stuart became commander-in-chief in the same year of the forces in Madras.
He was made colonel of the 82nd Regiment of Foot in 1797, transferring the following year to the 72nd Regiment of Foot, a position he held until his death.
In 1799 he commanded the Bombay Army in the last war against Tipu, which occupied Coorg, and repulsed Tipu at Seedaseer on 6 March. On 15 March he joined with Major General George Harris (afterwards Lord Harris) before the 1799 Battle of Seringapatam and took charge of the operations on the northern side of the city. After its capture he received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament.

## Later career and death

He became commander-in-chief of the Madras Army in 1801. Promoted to lieutenant-general in 1802, he took part in the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1803 but in 1805 returned to England in bad health. He was promoted to the rank of full general on 1 January 1812.
He died without issue at Charles Street, Berkeley Square, London, on 29 April 1815 and was buried in a vault in St. James's Chapel, Hampstead Road, London.
# Tomas Krnan

Tomas Krnan is a Canadian chess International Master.

## Chess career

He has represented his country in a number of chess olympiads, including 2006 and 2016.
He played in the Chess World Cup 2015, being defeated by Ding Liren in the first round.
# Pojuca

Pojuca is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil.
Pojuca is the birthplace of mixed martial artist and former UFC Women's Featherweight Champion and two-time Women's Bantamweight Champion Amanda Nunes.

## Localities

* Miranga
# World Para Nordic Skiing Championships

The World Para Nordic Skiing Championships, known before 30 November 2016 as the IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing World Championships, along with the Winter Paralympic Games, are the most prestigious level of international competition in Paralympic nordic skiing.
On 30 November 2016, the International Paralympic Committee, which serves as the international federation for 10 disability sports, including Nordic skiing, adopted the "World Para" brand for all 10 sports. The world championship events in all of these sports were immediately rebranded as "World Para" championships.
At the 53rd International Ski Congress in July 2022, the IPC transferred responsibility of para cross-country skiing to the International Ski and Snowboard Federation, and para biathlon to the International Biathlon Union.

## Championships

| Edition | Year | City | Country | Date | Notes |
| 1st | 1974 (details) | Grand Bornand | France | – | Skiing World Championships - featured alpine (downhill) and Nordic (cross-country) skiing, held by the International Sports Organisation for Disabled (ISOD) |
| 2nd | 1982 (details) | Alpes Vaudoise | Switzerland | – | Winter World Championships |
| 3rd | 1986 (details) | Sälen | Sweden | – | |
| 4th | 1990 (details) | Jackson | United States | – | |
| 5th | 1996 (details) | Sunne | Sweden | – | |
| 6th | 2000 (details) | Crans-Montana | Switzerland | – | |
| 7th | 2003 (details) | Mitteltal-Obertal | Germany | – | |
| 8th | 2005 (details) | Fort Kent | United States | 12 Mar – 20 Mar | |
| 9th | 2009 (details) | Vuokatti | Finland | 23 Jan – 1 Feb | |
| 10th | 2011 (details) | Khanty-Mansiysk | Russia | 31 Mar – 10 Apr | |
| 11th | 2013 (details) | Sollefteå | Sweden | 25 February - 5 March | |
| 12th | 2015 (details) | Cable | United States | 22 Jan – 1 Feb | |
| 13th | 2017 (details) | Finsterau | Germany | 10 – 19 Feb | First World Championships under "World Para" branding. |
| 13th | 2019 (details) | Prince George | Canada | 15 – 24 Feb | |
| 14th | 2021 (details) | Lillehammer | Norway | 8 – 23 Jan | |
| 15th | 2023 (details) | Östersund | Sweden | 21 – 29 Jan | |