OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rancho Esquon

Rancho Esquon (also called Neal's Rancho) was a 22,194-acre (89.82 km$^2$) Mexican land grant in present-day Butte County, California given in 1844 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Samuel Neal. The grant, located south of present-day Chico, extended on the east bank of Butte Creek, and encompassed present-day Durham, Esquon, Gridley, and Nelson. Rancho Aguas Frias was directly across Butte Creek.

## History

Samuel Neal (1816–1859), a native of Pennsylvania and a blacksmith by trade, came to California with John C. Frémont's second expedition in 1844. After working for John Sutter briefly, Samuel Neal was awarded the five square league Rancho Esquon grant in 1844. In 1849, Neal mined gold on the Feather River at a location that became known as Neals Diggins. For six years David Dutton worked with Neal on the Rancho.
With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Esquon was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to Samuel Neal in 1860.
Upon his early death in 1859, Neal willed most of his land to R.W. Durham. Robert Waddell Durham (1818–1871), a partner in the Waddell branch of the Pony Express, came to California from Missouri. Durham became a close friend of Samuel Neal, and worked as Neal's business manager at the ranch. Durham, an early farming community, was settled by R.W. Durham and his brother, William W. Durham (1811-1873), in 1852. Like Neal, Durham never married and having no children of his own, sent for his nephews (sons of his other brother George Durham), George W. Durham (1834–1880) and William Wellington Durham (1844–1907) from Missouri, to assist him in managing the inherited rancho.
In 1868, R.W. Durham sold 17,800 acres (72.0 km$^2$) in the southerly part of Rancho Esquon to George Gridley and his eldest son, C.E. Gridley. George Gridley was a sheep rancher. R.W. Durham died in 1871, and his elder brother William died in 1873, and their portion of the rancho was subdivided in lots and sold. In 1879 George Gridley sold his 17,800 acres (72.0 km$^2$) to E.B. Pond, John Boggs and C.W. Clarke, who then sold them to Leland Stanford in 1880. The Stanford-Durham Ranch later became the property of Stanford University.
# SS Henry Phipps

The Henry Phipps was a 601-foot-long (183 m) American Great Lakes freighter that served on the Great Lakes of North America from her launching in 1907 to her scrapping in 1976 by Hyman Michaels Company of Duluth, Minnesota. The Phipps was used to haul bulk cargoes such as iron ore, coal, grain and occasionally limestone.

## History

The Henry Phipps (official number 204136) was a product of the West Bay City Shipbuilding Company (F.W. Wheeler Shipyards) of West Bay City, Michigan. She was commissioned by the Pittsburgh Steamship Company (a subsidiary of United States Steel Corporation) of Cleveland, Ohio. She was launched on May 11, 1907 as hull number #623. She had a length of 601-feet, a beam of 58-feet and a height of 32-feet. She had a gross tonnage of 7,676 tons and a net tonnage of 6,426 tons. She was powered by a 2,000 horsepower triple expansion steam engine and fueled by two Scotch marine boilers. She entered service on June 24, 1907. In July 1907 the Phipps ran aground off Pyramid Point on Lake Michigan.
On August 13, 1909, the Phipps "sideswiped" another 600-foot long laker, the Daniel J. Morrell in heavy fog in Whitefish Bay. Both vessels sustained severe damage. The cost to repair the damage done to the Phipps was around $5,000, while the cost to repair the damage done to the Morrell was around $10,000.
On September 22, 1911 the Phipps rammed and sank the 284-foot-long (87 m) steel-hulled freighter Joliet off Port Huron, Michigan in the St. Clair River. The Joliet was anchored at the time of the collision. The crew of the Phipps couldn't see the Joliet because their vision was impaired by dense fog. The Joliet sank almost directly over the railway tunnel between Sarnia, Ontario and Port Huron.
In 1942 she was lengthened to 608 feet in length, and re registered to Fairport, Ohio. In 1946 the Phipps was rebuilt with a gross register tonnage of 7,703 tons and a net register tonnage of 6,453 tons. In 1949 the fleet owned by the Pittsburgh Steamship Company was reincorporated in Wilmington, Delaware. In 1951 the Phipps was transferred to the United States Steel Corporation of Cleveland, Ohio and re registered to New York. In 1967 the fleet was renamed United States Steel Great Lakes Fleet.

## The scrapping of the Phipps

In late July 1976 the Phipps was taken to a scrapping berth in Duluth, Minnesota, for scrapping by the Hyman Michaels Company. They started scrapping her in November 1976. Her enrollment was surrendered in August 1977.
# Ephraim Union

The Ephraim Union (EU) is a regional political party in the Indian state of Mizoram. EU belongs to the section in Mizoram that claims that the Mizos are descendants of the ten lost tribes of Israel, and advocates conversion to Judaism. EU struggles for making it easier for Mizos to convert to Judaism and migrate to Israel.
EU also claims that the leaders of Mizoram (the erstwhile Mizo Union) had signed a contract stating that Mizoram would be a part of India for only ten years, at the time of Independence in 1947. EU doesn't however, present any evidence proving this position.
In the state assembly elections in 2003 EU had put up three candidates (out of 40 in total in the state). Together they mustered 123 votes.
In the Lok Sabha elections in 1999 EU put up a candidate in the only constituency in Mizoram. M The candidate got 1,578 votes (0,54% of votes in Mizoram). In the 2004 Lok Sabha elections the party fared better, and the party candidate Tlangdingliana got 6,512 votes (1,87% of votes in the state).
# Vincenzo D'Angelo

Vincenzo D'Angelo (22 January 1951 – 6 February 2008) was an Italian water polo player who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics, in the 1980 Summer Olympics, and in the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Ethem Sancak

Ethem Sancak (born 1958, Siirt) is a Turkish businessman considered to have "close ties to President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan". He completed his primary and secondary education in Siirt. He graduated from Istanbul University's Faculty of Business Administration. Following graduation he worked as a journalist between 1976 and 1978.
Ethem Sancak was the owner of the Star Media Group from 2004 to 2009, giving its Star newspaper a more pro-Justice and Development Party (AKP) line. In early 2013, he was listed by Forbes as the 43rd richest person in Turkey.
# Spring Silkworms

Spring Silkworms (Chun Can) is a novella by the Chinese author Mao Dun about the experience of Chinese villagers engaging in sericulture.

## History

Mao Dun dates the story November 1, 1932. It is part of a trilogy, together with Autumn Harvest and Winter Ruin.

## Subject Matter and Themes

The major subject matter of Spring Silkworms is the difficulty villagers encounter in attempting to profit from their participation in the silk business. The story concludes, "Because they raised a crop of spring silkworms, the people in Old Tung Pao's village got deeper into debt."$^{:26}$
A major theme of the story is the complexity the villagers face in dealing with inputs to the process (such as eggs,$^{:10}$ mulberry leaves,$^{:11}$ and equipment$^{:8}$) and the loans they must take out to finance their activities.$^{:11–2}$ Complexity is added by the intrusion of foreign-owned silk processing plants ("filatures"$^{:4,23,24}$).

## Historical significance

Spring Silkworms deals with economic issues that came to be an important factor in the worldview of the Chinese Communist Party—and hence of the Chinese government after the establishment of the People's Republic of China.

## Comparative Perspective

Spring Silkworms bears comparison with other works of modern literature, particularly literature dealing with the lives of people living on China's economic margins.
The Good Earth by Pearl Buck describes the lives of Chinese peasants, and their economically precarious condition, during the period roughly contemporary with the story related in Spring Silkworms.

## English translations

Foreign Languages Press (Beijing) published an English translation by Sidney Shapiro in 1956, which includes the rest of the trilogy and other stories.

## Other Adaptations and Related Works

The work was adapted into a silent film in 1933 by director Cheng Bugao. It is a masterpiece of cinema starring Ai Xia, the first female screenwriter who starred in this film.
# Liang Reng-guey

Liang Reng-guey or Thomas Liang (born 31 May 1950) is a Taiwanese cross-country skier. He competed at the 1972 Winter Olympics and the 1976 Winter Olympics. He also qualified for the 1980 Winter Olympics, but did not compete, as the People's Republic of China protested Taiwanese participation as the Republic of China. Liang later became a coach for other Taiwanese Olympians who were permitted to compete as Chinese Taipei.
# CD155

CD155 (cluster of differentiation 155), also known as the poliovirus receptor, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PVR gene. It is a transmembrane protein that is involved in forming junctions between neighboring cells. It is also the molecule that poliovirus uses to enter cells. The gene is specific to the primates.

## Function

CD155 is a Type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the immunoglobulin superfamily. Its normal cellular function is in the establishment of intercellular adherens junctions between epithelial cells.
The external domain mediates cell attachment to the extracellular matrix molecule vitronectin, while its intracellular domain interacts with the dynein light chain Tctex-1/DYNLT1.
The role of CD155 in the immune system is unclear, though it may be involved in intestinal humoral immune responses. Subsequent data has also suggested that CD155 may also be used to positively select MHC-independent T cells in the thymus.

### Polio

Commonly known as Poliovirus Receptor (PVR), the protein serves as a cellular receptor for poliovirus in the first step of poliovirus replication. Transgenic mice that express the PVR gene have been constructed in order to study polio experimentally.

## Structure

CD155 is a transmembrane protein with 3 extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, D1-D3, where D1 is recognized by the virus.
Low resolution structures of CD155 complexed with poliovirus have been obtained using electron microscopy while a high resolution structures of the ectodomain D1 and D2 of CD155 were solved by x-ray crystallography.
# John J. Pitney

John Jack Pitney, Jr. (born June 18, 1955) is an American political scientist. He is the Roy P. Crocker Professor of Politics at Claremont McKenna College.

## Early life and education

Pitney was born in 1955, the son of a milkman and a homemaker. He grew up on the west side of Saratoga Springs, New York, where his grandfather told him stories of local political corruption and he volunteered for Richard Nixon's 1968 presidential campaign. He attended Union College, graduating in 1977 as co-valedictorian. He received his doctorate in political science from Yale University in 1985; his dissertation focused on government handling of toxic waste.

## Career

From 1978 to 1984, Pitney worked as a legislative assistant for three Republicans: New York state senator John R. Dunne, Alfonse D'Amato (R‑NY), and future vice president Dick Cheney (then R‑WY AL).
In 1984, he joined the U.S. House Republican Research Committee as a senior domestic policy analyst. In 1986, he joined the faculty of the government department at Claremont McKenna College (CMC). From 1989 to 1991, he took a leave to serve as the deputy director and then acting director of the Republican National Committee's research department.
Pitney is a frequently quoted and interviewed in the political media.
He is also an expert on the politics of autism and wrote a book on the subject.
Pitney was a loud critic of former president Donald Trump and renounced his membership in the Republican Party the night he was elected.

## Books

* Connelly, William F.; Pitney, John J. Jr. (1994). Congress' Permanent Minority?: Republicans in the U.S. House. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8226-3032-6.
* The Art of Political Warfare. University of Oklahoma Press. September 2001. ISBN 978-0-8061-3382-9.
* Ceaser, James W.; Busch, Andrew E.; Pitney, John J. Jr. (2009). Epic Journey: The 2008 Elections and American Politics. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-1144-5.
* Bessette, Joseph M.; Pitney, John J. (2011). American Government and Politics: Deliberation, Democracy and Citizenship (2nd ed.). Belmont, Massachusetts: Wadsworth. ISBN 978-1-133-58789-7.
* Ceaser, James W.; Busch, Andrew E.; Pitney, John J. Jr. (2013). After Hope and Change The 2012 Elections and American Politics. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-4745-1.
* Pitney, John J. Jr.; Levin, John-Clark (November 2013). Private Anti-Piracy Navies How Warships for Hire are Changing Maritime Security. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-7332-9.
* The Politics of Autism: Navigating The Contested Spectrum. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. August 2015. ISBN 978-1-4422-4960-8.
* Un-American: The Fake Patriotism of Donald J. Trump. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. April 2020. ISBN 978-1-5381-2925-8.

## Personal life

Pitney is married and has two children. His wife works for Disney.
# Rivers of Life

Rivers of Life (Spanish: Ríos de Vida) is a group of approximately eighty evangelical churches around the world. The churches are in countries including the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Netherlands, Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, Cuba, Panama and the United States.
Rivers of Life has 4 bible colleges known as Bible Houses, 2 children's homes, a school with approximately 600 students, and an FM radio station (FM Victoria) amongst other ministries set up to serve the church's purposes.
It is not to be confused with other churches and organisations around the world called Rivers of Life. These include River of Life International, which was founded in the UK in 1995 and now has churches, schools and orphanages in Africa and India.

## History

Rivers of Life was founded in 1967 in Quilmes, a suburb of Buenos Aires, Argentina by the Spanish nationals Jorge Pradas and Oscar Mirón along with others. Mirón had moved to Argentina to flee the persecution of evangelical Christians in Spain under Francisco Franco. He fled the country after he had been a target in an attempted assassination. When the church began, he opened up his workshop for church meetings to be held there. Jorge Pradas was the main leader of the church at the time.
The church in Quilmes now has approximately 1,000 members. By the 1970s, churches had been established in Europe.
For Rivers of Life's 40th anniversary, the mayor of Quilmes, Sergio Villordo visited the first church.

## Beliefs

Rivers of Life holds to the orthodox Christian faith. It is a free, evangelical and charismatic Church.
Its practices include baptism, the Lord's Supper, the spiritual gifts and the New Testament vision of Christ's church.
It believes in the Father, Son and Holy Spirit and in the full divinity, atoning death and bodily resurrection of Christ. It also believes that the Bible is God's authoritative word inspired by the Holy Spirit.
Rivers of Life accepts and adheres to key tenets of the Christian faith, including the Apostles' Creed, the Athanasian Creed and the Nicene Creed.

## Bible Houses

Rivers of Life believe that as well as secular preparation for life, e.g., a university degree, Christians need to be prepared in other ways such as service, living in community and studying the Bible. For this reason, it formed bible colleges known as Bible Houses. Their name derives from the fact that nearly all the students live in the same hall of residence. The standard course lasts for two years.
There are currently four Bible Houses:
| Location | Founded | Current Head | Number of Students |
| Quilmes (Buenos Aires) | 1970$^†$ | Alberto Hevia | 50 |
| Santa Fe | 1970$^†$ | Jorge Leiva | 30$^*$ |
| Reus | 2000$^†$ | Maximiliano Delle Chiaie | 15$^*$ |
| Mar del Plata | 2007 | Diego Di Sabatto | 10 |
| $^*$Estimate $^†$Approximate date |||||
In Oxford, UK, there are two community houses but no Bible House.
All the Bible Houses are situated closed to a Rivers of Life church and the students attend all the church services. The Bible House students also serve the church in various ways.
# Al al-Bayt University

Al al-Bayt University (often abbreviated AABU) is a public university in Jordan. It is located on the outskirts of the city of Mafraq, 65 Kilometers to the north-east of the capital Amman. The university has integrated academic facilities, student housing, and social services on one site, extending over an area of 7.539 square kilometers. The university ranks among the top ten universities in the Kingdom.

## History

On August 17, 1992, a Royal Decree was issued ordaining the establishment of Al al-Bayt University. Royal Message stated that the university was to meet an urgent need for a new kind of university, combining the requirements of scientific methodology in teaching and research with the requirements of Muslim belief and clarity of vision on the other.
On December 16, 1992, another Royal Decree was issued approving the formation of Al al-Bayt Special Royal Committee, under the chairmanship of Crown Prince Hassan, and the membership of selected high-standing scholars and intellectuals from Jordan and other parts of the Islamic world. The main task of this committee was to lay the foundation of the university, and to submit its decisions on operational and administrative issues to the King for his final approval or decision. The Royal Decree pertaining to the appointment of the first President of Al al-Bayt University was issued on May 22, 1993. Immediately thereafter, a number of administrative, academic and technical committees were set up to carry out the mission of establishing the university, each in accordance to its assigned responsibilities.
After completing its infrastructure, recruiting faculty members, and defining its courses and programs, the university was ready to receive its first group of students on October 1, 1994. Under the patronage of King Hussein, and in the presence of Crown Prince Hassan, Al al-Bayt University was officially inaugurated on March 6, 1995 (6 Ramadan 1415 H).

## Academics

The university has nine faculties; each one branches out into multiple departments. The faculties are:
* Prince Hussein bin Abdullah Faculty of Information Technology
* Faculty of Finance and Business Administration
* Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing
* Faculty of Sharia
* Faculty of Law
* Faculty of Foreign Languages
* Faculty of Arts and Humanities
* Faculty of Engineering
* Faculty of Science
* Faculty of Educational Sciences
* Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences
The university also services other institutions:
* Bayt Al-Hekmah
* The Institute of Astronomy & Space Sciences
* Higher Institute of Islamic Studies
In 2014, the university diversified its Faculty of Arts and Humanities, including more majors in Italian, Spanish, French, English, in addition to Arabic. Two master's degrees in English Language have also been introduced: one in Literature and Criticism and the other in Linguistics.
According to a fact sheet issued by the university, as of 2015, Al al-Bayt ran 35 undergrad programs, 33 MA programs, and 2 PhD programs.

## Journals

The two most prominent journals published by the university are
* Jordan Journal of Islamic Studies
* Al-Manarah Journal
# Stacy King

Stacy King is an American former character actress of the 1960s. Red-haired and tall, King had guest-starring roles in Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. and The Beverly Hillbillies on television, and featured roles in movies The Sweet Ride and Skidoo. She was born and raised in Memphis, Tennessee.
King raised white German shepherd dogs, at one point she was the vice-president of her local branch of the White German Shepherd Club of America.

## Selected Filmography

* Laramie (1962) (Season 3 Episode 20: "A Grave for Cully Brown") as Sally
* The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1964) (Season 3 Episode 11: "Consider Her Ways") as Female Worker
* Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. (1968) (Season 4 Episode 23: "Sergeant Iago") as Hilda
* The Beverly Hillbillies (1969) (Season 7 Episode 15: "Drysdale and Friend") as Kathy King
# San Diego Cable Sports Network

San Diego Cable Sports Network was a pay-per-view service offered by Cox Communications. It was established in 1984 to provide telecasts of San Diego Padres games, initially offering 40 games a season. Games could be purchased separately or as a package. In addition to Cox, Sun Cable and American Cable Television also provided the service. The 1993 season was the last for the Padres on San Diego Cable Sports Network, as they would sign a deal with Prime Ticket to appear on a new subfeed of that network in 1994.
# Siege of Perpignan (1642)

The siege of Perpignan was a siege during the Catalan Revolt.

## History

Already in June 1641, the cities of Perpignan, Salses, Port-Vendres and Collioure were the last strongholds of the Spanish in Roussillon. A French army of 14,000 men conquered the rest of the province and left Perpignan isolated. The siege of the city was then postponed, as the bulk of the French army marched south to participate in the Siege of Tarragona in August.
In the meantime, the blockade of Perpignan was maintained by the remaining French troops, which led to famine in the city. The Spanish suucceed in breaking the siege between 4-8 January 1642, when the Marquis of Mortara and Girolamo Maria Caracciolo, Marquis of Torrecusa, managed to conquer Argelès-sur-Mer, opening the way for a convoy with grain from Collioure to enter Perpignan.
On 25 January, a new French army of 25,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry under command of Charles de La Porte, 1st Duke of La Meilleraye, accompanied by King Louis XIII of France and Cardinal Richelieu, left Paris for Roussillon where it arrived on 10 March. First, Argelès-sur-Mer was retaken and on 11 April, the Château Royal de Collioure, bravely defended by 3,400 men under command of the Marquis of Mortara, was also conquered after a siege of 4 weeks.
La Meilleraye now surrounded Perpignan with his entire army and waited for the famine to force the Spanish into surrender.
The King himself remained present during spring 1642, but left before the conquest of the city. Two Spanish attempts to relieve the city failed: on land in the Battle of Montmeló on 28 March and at sea in the Battle of Barcelona in July.
By then end of August all horses had been eaten, and the first cases of cannibalism on children were reported. The governor, the Marquis de Flores Dávila, was forced to surrender the city on 9 September 1642, because of the increasing number of casualties by hunger, and because the Spanish garrison had been reduced to only 500 able-bodied men.
The city was then occupied by French troops supported by the Catalan rebels. In the city, the French army captured a very large arsenal of the Spanish army: 120 cannons and 20,000 rifles.

## Consequences

After the fall of Perpignan, the Fort de Salses remained completely isolated without any hope of relief, and therefore also surrendered.
The whole of the Roussillon had fallen into French hands and remained French until today, because of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659.
# Marininema

Marininema is a bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.
# Anaerostipes hadrus

Anaerostipes hadrus is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Anaerostipes which has been isolated from human faeces.
# Desmospora

Desmospora is a bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.