OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1st Air Defense Brigade (South Korea)

The 1st Air Defense Brigade (Korean: 제1방공여단, Hanja: 第一防空旅團) is a military formation of the Republic of Korea Army. It is subordinated to the Capital Defense Command(수도방위사령부). It headquartered in Gwacheon, Gyeonggi Province, and is responsible for defending the P-73A and P-73B areas of Seoul, the South Korean capital city.

## History

On 1 December 1986, the unit were established as 3rd Air Defense Brigade. The 3rd Air Defense Brigade was reorganized into the 1st Air Defense Brigade after being left with the Army when the Air Defense Command transferred to the Republic of Korea Air Force on 1 July 1991. After that, the brigade was under the command of the Third ROK Army, and on 1 December 2011, it was merged with the 10th Air Defense Group and transferred to the Capital Defense Command.

## Organization

* Headquarters (Gwacheon)
** Maintenance unit
** Airspace control company
** Signal company
* 501st Air Defense Battalion
* 503rd Air Defense Battalion
* 505th Air Defense Battalion
* 507th Air Defense Battalion

## Equipment

* Mistral
* KM167A3
* K-SAM Pegasus
* KP-SAM Shingung
* Oerlikon GDF
* Low altitude detection radar
# USS Linnet (AMS-24)

USS Linnet (AMS-24/YMS-395) was a YMS-1-class minesweeper of the YMS-135 subclass built for the United States Navy during World War II.
Linnet was laid down on 11 July 1942 by Harbor Boat Building of Terminal Island, California, launched on 15 July 1943, and completed 19 November 1943. She was commissioned USS YMS-395 on 20 November 1943.
After shakedown off San Pedro, California, she continued ASW patrols off the California coast until 7 March 1944, when she sailed for Pearl Harbor. The minesweeper then sailed for the Marshall Islands arriving Majuro 18 April. For the next 16 months YMS-395 engaged in patrol operations, convoy escort duty, and minesweeper services in the Marshall and Gilbert Islands. Together with similar ships of her type, she played an important role in defeat of Japan by keeping the staging harbors clear of enemy mines,
After the Japanese surrender, YMS-395 departed Guam 14 September 1945, touching several islands before arriving San Pedro, California, 26 October. She remained on the West Coast until May 1946 performing experimental minesweeping tests and after arriving Charleston, South Carolina, on 13 June she continued similar exercises alone the East Coast.
YMS-395 was renamed USS Linnet (AMS-24) on 18 February 1947, and later that month was assigned to the Mine Warfare School, Yorktown, Virginia. From 1947 until 1957 Linnet operated along the west coast and performed experiments and exercises in all phases of mine warfare. She was reclassified MSC(O)-24 on 7 February 1955 and decommissioned at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 13 September 1957.
Linnet was placed in service as a U.S. Naval Reserve training ship 30 October 1959, and was assigned to the 4th Naval District for duty at Atlantic City, New Jersey. She continued in this service until 3 September 1968, when she was relieved by Meadowlark.
Struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 October 1968 and sold sometime after, the veteran minesweeper's ultimate fate is unknown.
Actually, my father, John Bell Clayton III, bought it from the Navy via a surplus sale for a couple thousand dollars, bribing the selling officer to not enforce the removal of the two diesel engines that was a condition of the sale. I was 16 at the time and helped him sail it from from the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard to NYC, where it was docked at the Brooklyn Kings Mall wharf for a year while we removed the military gear and sold the minesweep cable and the diesel generator. That diesel was the same as the propulsion diesels. I was 16 at the time. He then sailed it to Maine where he had a refrigerated hold installed in the minesweep cable area. He sailed it down to Key West and leased it to a lobster fishing operation that had strings of pots along the Yucatan off-shore Mexico area. After a few years he sold it to them. They loaded it up with spoiled chicken and sank it in the Gulf Stream for the insurance.
# Karongasaurus

Karongasaurus (meaning Karonga lizard) is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. The type species, K. gittelmani, was described by Elizabeth Gomani in 2005.

## Discovery and naming

The holotype (specimen Mal-175), consisting solely of part of a lower mandible and twenty isolated teeth, were found in the Dinosaur Beds of Malawi between 1987 and 1992. Karongasaurus was the first dinosaur named in a publication that was published solely online; Karongasaurus gittelmani was named and described by Gomani (2005).

## Description

The mandible of Karongasaurus is U-shaped in dorsal view and the teeth are described as slender and conical in shape, being more cylindrical than those of Malawisaurus.

## Classification

Gomani (2005) placed Karongasaurus within Titanosauria.
# Sun Life Plaza

The Ampersand is a high-rise office complex in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It consists of three identical skyscrapers, designated as North, West and East Tower, and connected by the lobby at ground level and by a shopping gallery at Plus 15 level.
Total area of the 3 buildings is 1.032 million square feet. Building floor plates are roughly 12,000 square feet each.

## Towers

The towers are 28 stories high, and rise to 114.3 m (375 ft). Sun Life Plaza - West was the first tower built, and was completed in 1981. Development continued with The Ampersand - North, completed in 1982, and was concluded in 1984 with Sun Life Plaza - East. Current occupants include the North West Redwater Partnership and Sproule.
Suncor Energy is a former tenant where it had headquarters in Tower III and occupied much of the building prior to its $43 billion merger with PetroCanada in 2009. With the merger, the combined entity chose the former PetroCanada Centre (now renamed the Suncor Energy Centre) in downtown Calgary to house the bigger company.
| Tower | Address | Floors | Height | Built |
| West | 144 4 Ave SW | 28 | 114.3 m (375 ft) | 1981 |
| North | 140 4 Ave SW | 28 | 114.3 m (375 ft) | 1982 |
| East | 112 4 Ave SW | 28 | 114.3 m (375 ft) | 1984 |
# Kea-Kythnos

Kea-Kythnos (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Κέας-Κύθνου) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of South Aegean. The regional unit covers the islands of Kea, Kythnos, Makronisos and several smaller islands in the Aegean Sea.

## Administration

As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the regional unit Kea-Kythnos was created out of part of the former Cyclades Prefecture. It is subdivided into 2 municipalities. These are (number as in the map in the infobox):
* Kea (8)
* Kythnos (10)

### Province

The province of Kea (Greek: Επαρχία Κέας) was one of the provinces of the Cyclades Prefecture. It had the same territory as the present regional unit Kea-Kythnos. It was abolished in 2006.
# Greek ship Ierax

At least two ships of the Hellenic Navy have borne the name Ierax (Greek: Ιέραξ, "hawk"):
* Greek destroyer Ierax (1912) an Aetos-class destroyer acquired in 1912 and decommissioned in 1946.
* Greek destroyer Ierax (D31) a Cannon-class destroyer escort launched in 1944 as USS Ebert she was transferred to Greece in 1951 and renamed. She was sunk as a target in 2002.
# Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority

The Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority is one of 36 conservation authorities in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is headquartered in Kingston, Ontario. The authority was established by an Order in Council in December 1964 via the Conservation Authorities Act, and is a member authority of Conservation Ontario.
The authority is responsible for the management and protection of 11 watersheds in 11 municipalities, the most prominent watersheds being those for the Cataraqui River and Gananoque River. It spans an area from the Bay of Quinte in the west to Brockville in the east.

## Conservation areas

Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority manages seven conservation areas:
* Little Cataraqui Creek Conservation Area, Kingston
* Lemoine Point Conservation Area, Kingston
* Gould Lake Conservation Area, South Frontenac
* Lyn Valley Conservation Area, Elizabethtown-Kitley
* Mac Johnson Wildlife Area, Brockville and Elizabethtown-Kitley
* Marshlands Conservation Area, Kingston
* Parrott's Bay Conservation Area, Loyalist
# MTV (Danish TV channel)

MTV Denmark was a music and entertainment channel broadcasting to the Danish market.
The channel replaced MTV Nordic in May, 2005, however on February 22, 2019, it was replaced by the return of MTV Nordic.

## History

* The channel started in May 2005 as part of MTV's expansion into the Nordic region, which followed with launches of MTV Finland, MTV Sweden, and MTV Norway in September 2005. Before the start of country-specific channels, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland had been served by a common channel called MTV Nordic, launched on 5 June 1998 to replace the MTV Europe feed.
* The channel was broadcast from the MTV Networks Europe headquarters in London, along with other MTV channels i.e. MTV Sweden. As of 2011, MTV Denmark is broadcast from its operations in Stockholm.
* On February 22, 2019, the local MTV channels for the Nordic region were replaced by the relaunch of MTV Nordic which features no advertising or sponsorships. Despite this, separate websites still exist for the local languages.

## Availability

* MTV Denmark was available from virtually all major television distributors in Denmark. Most cable networks carry the channel in their basic packages.
* It also had a radio network called MTV Radio that launched on November 1, 2019, and was available online, in DAB+ and on 98.6 MHz in Zealand. It got replaced by ENERGY at early 2021.

## Former local shows

During the days of MTV Nordic, languages other than English were rarely spoken on MTV in Denmark. With the start of MTV Denmark, several Danish language programmes were produced. These include:
* Fusion Chart, a daily top 10 chart
* Headbangers Ball
* MTV News
* Spanking New
* Transistor (Daily Live Request Show)

## Former presenters (VJs)

* Christine Roloff
* Freya Christine Clausen
# Raymond Argentin

René Raymond Argentin (15 October 1924 – 14 October 2022) was a French sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1940s. He finished fourth in the C-1 10000 m event at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. Argentin was a national champion in canoeing in both 1948 and 1949.

## Biography

René Raymond Argentin was born in Champagne, Marne on 15 October 1924. He started canoeing in 1942, and quickly gained proficiency in the sport. His time on the national canoeing team would last just three years, from 1948 to 1950. However, he got the opportunity to represent France in the C-1 10000 event at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. After being selected, Argentin would train alone in Marne every day for 10 km (10,000m an hour). At the Games, he finished in fourth place and missed the podium, coming in just over two minutes after Canada's Norm Lane. He finished with a time of 1:06:44.
Argentin was also selected to compete, alongside his friend Robert Boutigny, at the 1950 World Championships, but did not attend, stating that he had been sacked following his return from the 1948 Olympics missing work due to sport, and had been rehired on the condition that he did not do it again. Argentin was the national C-1 1000 champion in 1948, as well as the C-1 1000 and 10000 champion in 1949.
As of 2010, Argentin was still actively canoeing at the age of 86. In June 2017, Argentin stated his belief that Olympic champion František Čapek should have been disqualified at the 1948 Games for using a non-approved boat. In January 2020, Argentin was noted as being the oldest surviving member of the Association of French Canoe-Kayak Internationals (AIFCK). He died in Pontault-Combault, Seine-et-Marne on 14 October 2022, one day before his 98th birthday.
# Mountain oriole

The mountain oriole (Oriolus percivali) is a bird species in the family Oriolidae. It is native to the Albertine Rift montane forests, Uganda and Kenya. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The mountain oriole has been considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of the black-headed oriole or the black-winged oriole. Alternate names for the mountain oriole include the black-tailed oriole, montane oriole and Percival's oriole.
# Scarlett Hughes

Scarlett Talulla Ava Hughes (born 18 June 2002) is an English cricketer who currently plays for The Blaze. She plays as a wicket-keeper and left-handed batter. She has previously played for Essex and Sunrisers.

## Early life

Hughes was born on 18 June 2002 in Cambridge. She was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes when she was 10 years old.

## Domestic career

Hughes made her county debut in 2017, for Essex against Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire in the County Championship. She became a regular for the side in 2019, and made 12 dismissals that season. She scored 63 runs for the side in the 2021 Women's Twenty20 Cup, including scoring 46 against Surrey. In the 2022 Women's Twenty20 Cup, she was the 7th highest run-scorer across the whole competition with 233 runs, including two half-centuries and her Twenty20 high score, of 70 against Cambridgeshire. She played three matches for the side in the 2023 Women's Twenty20 Cup, scoring 47 runs.
Hughes was named in the Sunrisers squad for the 2020 Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy, but did not play a match for the side that season. She was moved to the side's Academy squad for the 2021 season. She returned to the Sunrisers squad in 2022. She made her debut for the side on 14 May 2022, against South East Stars in the Charlotte Edwards Cup. She played seven matches for the side overall in 2022, across the Charlotte Edwards Cup and the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy, scoring 20 runs. She was included in the Sunrisers squad for 2023, but did not play a match.
In December 2023, it was announced that Hughes had signed for The Blaze.
# Fernand Martinaux

Fernand Martinaux (29 September 1928 – 15 March 2017) was a French swimmer. He competed in the men's 100 metre freestyle at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

## NATATION

1948 J.O. à LONDRES 100 N.L. 20ème
1953 Championnats de France à Dijon 4 X 200 N.L. 1er 9'33'5 Composition du relais: Aldo EMINENTE-Fernand MARTINAUX-Jo BERNARDO-Roger PERRIQUET
1954 Championnats de France à BELLERIVE 4 X 200 N.L. 1er 9'37'9 Composition du relais: Aldo EMINENTE-Fernand MARTINAUX-Jo BERNARDO-Roger PERRIQUET
1955 Championnats de France à PARIS 4 X 200 N.L. 1er 9'37'2 Composition du relais: Aldo EMINENTE-Fernand MARTINAUX-Jo BERNARDO-Roger PERRIQUET
1961 Championnat de France de sauvetage Toutes épreuves 1er
# Before the Rain (Lee Oskar album)

Before the Rain is the second studio album by the Danish harmonica player Lee Oskar, released on 1978 by Elektra Records. It was reissued in 1995 by Avenue Records.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Linda Hamilton of Deseret News praised Oskar's performances, noting that it had "retained much of War's sound". SleepyJack praised the album's sound design, stating that it was "straight-forward and stripped-down" and "put the harmonica in a role typically reserved for sax sounded fresh. A reviewer for In Sheep's Clothing praised the album, which they said was a "roller disco classic", also nothing that it was "a pleasant harmonica funk album with one incredible haunted tune." Alex Henderson of AllMusic praised Oskar's harmonica playing, stating it was "expressive whether he is getting mildly funky on "Steppin'" or being mellow and laid-back on "More Than Words Can Say"."

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1978) | Peak position |
| US Billboard R&B | 97 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1979) | Position |
| US Billboard Jazz | 32 |
# KVD-1

KVD-1 was an upper stage LOX/LH$_2$ cryogenic engine developed by the Isayev Design Bureau (now KB KhIMMASH) of Russia in the early 1960s. It is a modified version of the RD-56, developed for a never-completed cryogenic upper stage of the N-1 super-heavy lift rocket, with the goal of enabling crewed lunar missions by the USSR. The KVD-1 produces a thrust of 7.5 tonnes.

## Initial development

KVD-1 was originated from the RD-56 engine which were intended to be used for the Soviet crewed lunar programs. RD-56 (11D56) engines were developed for N1M rocket programme, the planned derivative of N1, but later they were abandoned due to four successive launch failures of N1. Later the design of the engine was sold to ISRO under the name "KVD-1" under a deal worth $120 million with the Soviet agency Glavkosmos which enabled ISRO to import 2 KVD-1 engines and an agreement for transfer of technology from Russia.

## ISRO programme

The engines were proven to be inefficient because of their low thrust-to-weight ratio. Later the Russian space agency optimised the engine to launch payloads with a mass of 2.5 tonnes or less. The INSAT-4CR satellite with a mass of 2,140 kg was launched in 2007 but reached a lower than planned orbit due to the poor performance of the third stage's single KVD-1 engine. The satellite subsequently used its own propulsion to get to the planned orbit. Because of this the useful life of the satellite was shortened.

## Sanctions imposed by United States

In 1991, an agreement was signed between India and Russia for technology transfer to India so that KVD-1 engines can be built indigenously in India. But later in July 1993, US imposed sanctions on ISRO and Glavkosmos saying it voids the Missile Technology Control Regime. After suffering setback in this case ISRO was forced to develop its own cryogenic programme.

## Features

The engine was single chamber fueled rocket which could be used as cryogenic engines for launching of spacecraft that could be put in elliptical and geostationary orbits.
* Unfueled mass: 282 kg (621 lb)
* Height: 2.14 m
* Diameter: 1.56 m
* Specific impulse: 462 seconds
* Thrust: 69.60 kN (15,647 lbf)
* Burn time: 800 seconds
* Nozzle ratio：200

## Use

KVD-1 was used in following launch vehicles
* GSLV Mk I
# Letika Saran

Letika Saran is the former Director General of Police, Tamil Nadu, India. Earlier she served as the 36th Commissioner of Police in Chennai. She is the only woman to head a metropolitan police organization in India. Before that she was an Additional Director-General of Police (ADGP).

## Early life

Saran was born on 31 March 1952 in Idukki district in Kerala. Her father's name is NS Dhar. He was the first planter at James Finlay and Co, which later became Tata Tea. Her mother's name is Vijayalakshmi Dhar. She entered the Tamil Nadu Indian Police Service in 1976 as one of the first two women to be admitted, the other being Thilagavathi.

## Career

Saran's postings include ADGP; Training and Project Director, Tamil Nadu Police Academy; Inspector-General of Police, Directorate of Vigilance and Anti-Corruption (DVAC). She became the Commissioner of Police, Greater Chennai on 20 April 2006.
On 8 January 2010, she was appointed as Director General of Police (DGP) for Tamil Nadu, becoming the second female DGP of a state in India and the first for Tamil Nadu. Saran's appointment was later challenged by another IPS officer who claimed his seniority had been overlooked. In October 2010, the Madras High Court overturned Saran's appointment and ruled that a list of three eligible candidates must be presented from which the state government would make their selection. The state government, "after due consideration and in full compliance with the directions of the Supreme Court," again chose Saran from the list. She was re-appointed on 27 November 2010.
Saran retired in April 2012.

## Post retirement

After her retirement, she spends her time by engaging in social activities. She gave more importance to road safety sector by taking awareness sessions in schools, colleges and has been engaging and creating awareness through NGOs too. She also inaugurated a massive Traffic Awareness Campaign held on 100 traffic signals across Chennai on same day and same time on 9 August 2015 organized by Thozhan NGO which works on creating road safety awareness along with Good Samaritan Law awareness to transform our country as Accident Free Nation. Along with the volunteers, she also interacted with the public, distributed awareness pamphlets and spoke to them about the importance of following road safety rules.
# Vinterland (film)

Vinterland is a 2007 film directed by Hisham Zaman and produced in Norway.

## Plot

Renas, a Kurdish refugee living in the northern part of Norway in a remote desolate place, is awaiting the arrival of his fiancée, Fermesk. The couple have never met before, and their first encounter at the airport does not meet up to their expectations.

## Reviews

The film was given a grant of 1.5 million kr in early 2006, and was selected as the opener for the 2007 Tromsø International Film Festival.
The film was reviewed by all major newspapers, receiving a "die throw" of 5 out of 6 in Aftenposten and Dagbladet, and 4 in VG and Nordlys

## Awards

* Best Actor (Årets mannlige skuespiller), Raouf Saraj, Amanda Awards, Norway, 2007.
* Grand Prix José Giovanni, Festival International Du Film De Montagne D'Autrans, France, 2007.
# Ho Vann

Ho Vann (Khmer: ហូរ វ៉ាន់) is a Cambodian politician. He belongs to the Cambodia National Rescue Party and was elected to represent Phnom Penh in the National Assembly of Cambodia in 2003 and re-elected most recently in 2013.