OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Randhir Singh of Kapurthala

Sir Randhir Singh Sahib Bahadur (26 March 1831 – 2 April 1870) was the ruling Raja of the princely state of Kapurthala in the British Empire of India from 1852 until his death in 1870.

## Biography

Randhir Singh Sahib Bahadur succeeded his father Nihal Singh Sahib Bahadur as the ruler of Kapurthala on 13 September 1852. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Randhir Singh assisted the British, first at Jalandhar and later led a mixed force in Awadh where he fought against the rebel soldiers.
Randhir Singh died near the Gulf of Aden on 2 April 1870 on a visit to Europe on board the SS Golconda.
He had two sons and one daughter by his first wife, one son by his second, and three daughters by his third wife.
His sons included Raja Kharak Singh Sahib Bahadur, who succeeded him and Raja Harnam Singh. Among his grandsons were Maharaja Jagatjit Singh, who ruled Kapurthala for 67 years, Sardar Bhagat Singh, who was one of the few Indian justices of High Court during the British Raj, and Stuart Gilbert, the British translator.

## Honours

* Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI) (10 December 1864).
# Elias Stein (chess player)

Elias Stein (5 February 1748, in Forbach – 12 September 1812, in The Hague) was a Dutch chess master. Born in Lorraine into a Jewish family, he settled in The Hague.
Stein was also employed as chess teacher of the sons of William V, Prince of Orange, and thereby introduced chess to the Dutch high society.
He recommended what is now known as the Dutch Defence (1...f5) as the best reply to 1.d4 in his book Nouvel essai sur le jeu des échecs, avec des réflexions militaires relatives à ce jeu (1789). His biography was written by lieutenant-colonel F.W. von Mauvillon in the book Anweisung zur Erlernung des Schachspiels (Essen, Germany, 1827).

## Works

* E. Stein: Handleiding tot het schaakspel. (2e herz. en verb. druk) Amsterdam, Van Kesteren, 1851.
* E. Stein: Nieuwe proeve van handleiding tot het schaakspel. (Vert. door Daniël Broedelet). Purmerende, Broedelet & Rijkenberg, 1834. (Div. herdr., o.a. 's-Gravenhage 1843 & Leyden 1850)
* Elias Stein: Nouvel essai sur le jeu des échecs, avec des reflexions militaires relatives a ce jeu. La Haye, aux depens de l'auteur, 1789. (Herdr. o.a. Paris, De La Rue, 1841 & 1850)
# 2017–18 Hazfi Cup

The 2017–18 Hazfi Shield Cup was the 31st season of the Iranian football knockout competition. The competition begin in August 2017 and the final was played on May 3, 2018. Mehdi Sharifi, then center forward for Persian side Tractor SC was the Cup's top scorer with five goals. The Cup was won by Esteghla FC in a 1–0 victory over Khooneh Be Khooneh. The final's only goal was scored by Mame Thiam, an Esteghlal forward in the 35' minute of the game. This was Esteghlal seventh Hazfi Cup title.

## Participating teams

A total of 62 teams participated in the 2017–18 Hazfi Cup. The teams were divided into three main groups, and included 16 teams of the Persian Gulf Pro League and 18 teams of Azadegan League.

## First stage

In the first stage of "2017–18 Hazfi Cup", 28 teams from Provincial Leagues were presented. Following the competition of the first stage, 14 teams qualified for the second stage.

### First round
## Second stage

The 18 teams from Azadegan League are entered to competition from the second stage. They compete together with 14 winner teams of First stage.

### Third round (round of 32)

The 16 teams from Iran Pro League entered the competition from the second stage.
# The Primrose Ring

The Primrose Ring is a novel by Ruth Sawyer, published first in 1915 and illustrated by Fanny Munsell. This was Sawyer's first published novel. She later wrote the 1937 Newbery Medal winner Roller Skates.

## Film adaptation

The novel was adapted into a silent film in 1917 by Paramount Pictures. The film version starring Mae Murray and an uncredited Loretta Young (in her film debut as a Fairy), and was directed by Robert Z. Leonard.
# Neaetha catula

Neaetha catula is a species of jumping spider in the genus Neaetha that lives in East and Southern Africa. The male was first described in 1886 by Eugène Simon and the female by Ludovico di Caporiacco in 1949. First discovered in Zanzibar, examples have also been identified in Kenya. The spider is small, 3 mm (0.12 in) long, with a generally black cephalothorax and abdomen, although the abdomen has a pattern of spots towards the rear and a thin line that divides it in two. The species can be distinguished from others in the genus by the lack of central pocket in the female's epigyne. This feature led Dmitri Logunov to consider whether the spider belongs to the genus.

## Taxonomy

Neaetha catula was first described by Eugène Simon in 1886. It was allocated to the genus Neaetha, which itself had been first raised by Simon in 1884. The genus is named for two Greek words, néos, which means new, and théa, which can be translated aspect. The species was considered of uncertain taxonomic status by Dmitri Logunov in 2009.
The species in the genus are hard to distinguish, leading to Barbara Patoleta and Marek Żabka suggesting that to understand the relationships between the different species requires the study of genes rather than physical attributes. A DNA analysis study undertaken by Wayne Maddison and Marshall Hedin identified that the genus is most closely related to the genus Salticus. It has also phylogenetic] similarities with Carrhotus and Hasarius, amongst other genera of jumping spiders. The genus was placed in the subtribe Harmochirina in the tribe Plexippini by Maddison in 2015. These were allocated to the clade Saltafresia. The subtribe is divided into harmochirines and pellenines, and the genus is allocated to the latter group, which is characterised by living on open sunny ground.

## Description

The spider is short, measuring 3 mm (0.12 in) in length. It has a black cephalothorax that is thinner in the middle. The cephalon is yellow and covered in scales. Scales can also be found at the edges of the carapace, particularly around the thorax. A central line crosses the carapace, and another crosses the abdomen, dividing it into a plain black area towards the front and a more rearward area that has a pattern of spots. The chelicerae are also black. The legs are more colourful, although also mainly black. The pedipalps are yellow. The male has a bulbous palpal bulb and a long embolus. The females of the genus are generally hard to distinguish. In this species, the female has an epigyne that does not have the central pocket that is common to other members of the genus, which has led to doubts about whether it belongs to the genus.

## Distribution and habitat

The spider was first observed in Zanzibar. It was subsequently also found near Mackinnon Road, Kenya. The species distribution extends to East and Southern Africa.
# Sarah Island (British Columbia)

Sarah Island is an island in the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is separated from Princess Royal Island to its west by Tolmie Channel, and from Roderick Island to its east by Finlayson Channel. Its east coast was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's lieutenants during his 1791-95 expedition.
# Unimart (California)

Unimart was a discount retailer in the Greater Los Angeles and San Diego metropolitan areas in the 1960s. Its locations variously became Two Guys, Gemco, and FedMart. Unimart was owned by Food Giant Inc. until it merged in 1967 with Vornado, the owner of Two Guys, which quickly converted Unimart stores to Two Guys. Most Two Guys locations transitioned into FedMart in the late 1970s, followed by Target in 1983.
In 1967, Greater Los Angeles branches included:
* Burbank
* Pomona
* Culver City
* Manhattan Beach
* Commerce
* Long Beach at Los Altos Center
* Alhambra
* Northridge
* La Mirada
* Norwalk
* Oxnard
# Garman sisters

The Garman sisters were members of the bohemian Bloomsbury set in London between the wars. The complex lives of Mary, Kathleen and Lorna included affairs with the writer Vita Sackville-West, the composer Ferruccio Busoni, the painter Bernard Meninsky, the sculptor Jacob Epstein (whom Kathleen married), the poet Laurie Lee and the painter Lucian Freud

## Biographies
### Mary (1898–1979)

Mary Margaret Garman was the eldest of the sisters. Along with her sister Kathleen she ran away to London, where they lived in a one-room studio at 13 Regent Square on the edge of Bloomsbury. Mary was married to the penniless South African poet Roy Campbell from 1924 until he was killed in a car crash in Portugal in 1957.

### Kathleen (1901–1979)

Kathleen Garman, the third sister, married Jacob Epstein in 1955. She had been his lover since 1921 and had three children by him. Epstein's jealous wife Margaret had shot and wounded Kathleen in 1923, and encouraged him into multiple affairs in the hope that he would tire of Kathleen and "return home". Six years after Margaret's death, Kathleen became Lady Epstein and, after his death, she was his sole beneficiary. She donated his works to the Israel Museum, and many can now be seen in the Garman Ryan Collection at the New Art Gallery in Walsall. Her daughter Kitty Garman married the painter Lucian Freud, who was a former lover of Lorna Garman, Kathleen's sister and Kitty's aunt.

### Douglas (1903–1969)

Their brother Douglas Mavin Garman was born in Wednesbury, Staffordshire, and educated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Following graduation, he spent much of his time in London and Paris, alongside a brief sojourn in Leningrad in 1926. It was during this period that he assisted in editing The Calendar of Modern Letters, and contributed articles to it. Of left-wing sympathies, he worked during the 1930s for the Marxist publishers Lawrence and Wishart, and thereafter rose to become the Education Secretary of the British Communist Party, remaining in situ until 1950. He was also a member of the original Left Review circle. His first wife, Jean Sophie Hewitt, had an affair with his sister Mary and he became one of the lovers of the art collector Peggy Guggenheim.

### Helen (born 1906)

Helen Francesca Garman, number six, married a Provençal fisherman called Polge. Her daughter Kathy (born 1931) married Laurie Lee, who was formerly engaged in an affair with the last Garman sister, Lorna.

### Lorna (1911–2000)

Lorna Cecilia Garman married the publisher Ernest Wishart when she was 16 with whom she had a son, the painter Michael Wishart. Throughout the marriage she had affairs. The writer Laurie Lee fathered her third child, and during her affair with the painter Lucian Freud she modelled for many of his paintings and brought him objects, such as a dead heron and a zebra head, to be inserted in his pictures.
# Etchebar

Etchebar (French pronunciation:; Basque: Etxebarre) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
It is located in the former province of Soule.
Etchebar served as the place of residence of Nicholai Hel, the main character in Trevanian's novel Shibumi.
# Bourgeois tragedy

Bourgeois tragedy (German: Bürgerliches Trauerspiel) is a form of tragedy that developed in 18th-century Europe. It is a fruit of the enlightenment and the emergence of the bourgeois class and its ideals. It is characterized by the fact that its protagonists are ordinary citizens.

## In England and France

There are a few examples of tragic plays with middle-class protagonists from 17th century England (see domestic tragedy), but only in the 18th century did the general attitude change. The first true bourgeois tragedy was an English play: George Lillo's The London Merchant; or, the History of George Barnwell, which was first performed in 1731.
In France, the first tragédie bourgeoise was Sylvie by Paul Landois, which came out in 1741. Years later came two plays by Denis Diderot: Le fils naturel was first staged in 1757 and Le père de famille in the following year; while these plays were not strictly tragedies, they treat bourgeois lives in a serious manner atypical of contemporary comedy and provided models for more genuinely tragic works.

## Heroes in classical tragedy

While ordinary people had always been the subject of comedies, classical and neo-classical theorists asserted that tragic heroes should always be men of noble rank. Aristotle articulates this idea in ars poetica (The Poetics) and it figures prominently in later ancient writings on drama and poetics.
Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century critics, including the influential German Martin Opitz, perpetuated the theory that only members of the higher classes were capable of suffering harm serious enough to deserve dramatic reenactment. This rule was followed throughout Europe for centuries: usually, princes and members of the nobility, such as Andreas Gryphius' Carolus Stuardus (i.e. King Charles I of England), Jean Racine's Phèdre (the wife of Theseus, a mythical king of Athens) or William Shakespeare's King Lear, serve as tragic protagonists.

## In Germany

In Germany, where the new genre was called Bürgerliches Trauerspiel, it was especially successful. Usually, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's play Miss Sara Sampson, which was first produced in 1755, is said to be the earliest Bürgerliches Trauerspiel in Germany. However, Christian Leberecht Martini's drama Rhynsolt und Sapphira is slightly older.
Lessing's Emilia Galotti of 1771 is a classic example of the German Bürgerliches Trauerspiel. Lessing also offered a thorough theoretic justification for his disregard of the old rules in his Hamburgische Dramaturgie. Other important examples of German Bürgerliche Trauerspiele are Die Soldaten by Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz (1776) and Friedrich Schiller's Kabale und Liebe (1784).

## General characteristics

Bourgeois tragedies tend to propagate the values of the bourgeois class to which their heroes belong. Their ideal is the virtuous citizen, who is excluded from state affairs and whose intentions are focused on his private life and the life of his family. Values like virtue, humanity, individuality and true feelings are cherished in bourgeois tragedies.
# Swindle Island

Swindle Island is an island on the North Coast of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is located south of Princess Royal Island on the Inside Passage shipping route. The small First Nations community of Klemtu is located on its eastern side across from Cone Island. Price Island lies just south of Swindle Island. Both are located within the Kitimat-Stikine Regional District. Swindle Island's southernmost extremity is Jorkins Point, which lies at the confluence of Milbanke Sound and Finlayson Channel.
Swindle Island is part of a volcanic centre called the Milbanke Sound Group which includes several monogenetic cinder cones. Kitasu Hill on the western side of Swindle Island is a young basaltic cinder cone that produced lava flows that extend to the north.
# Libertador Municipality, Sucre

Libertador is a municipality of Sucre, Venezuela. The capital is Tunapuy.
# Get Ready (Virtue album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Get Ready is the second album by the gospel group Virtue, released in 1999. The album contains the singles "Get Ready," "Love Me Like You Do," "Angels Watching Over Me," and "Put Your War Clothes On."
The album is a mixture of adult contemporary, gospel, and soul musical styles.

## Critical reception

AllMusic called the album "emotionally and sonically ambitious," writing that "the quartet's amazing harmonies carry urban, gospel and R&B settings equally well."

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| US Christian Albums (Billboard) | 10 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 22 |
| US Top Gospel Albums (Billboard) | 4 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1999) | Position |
| US Top Gospel Albums (Billboard) | 27 |
# Aleksandar Avrić

Aleksandar Avrić (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Аврић; born 6 March 1988) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.
He has played in the Swedish lower leagues since 2015, starting at Gute and later playing for IFK Mora and Nordvärmlands FF.
# Sandbostel

Sandbostel is a municipality in Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) in northwestern Germany, 43 km north-east of Bremen, 60 km west of Hamburg. It is part of the Samtgemeinde Selsingen. In 2024, it had 799 inhabitants. The Oste flows through the municipality.

## History

Sandbostel belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In 1648, the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807, the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813, the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which - after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 - incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Sandbostel, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.
In 1932, during the Great Depression the Lutheran Church of the State of Hanover opened a camp for workless singles, employed in public works (roadworks, amelioration) near Sandbostel.
In 1939, the Sandbostel camp, meanwhile taken over by the Nazi trade union Reichsarbeitsdienst, was converted into the Prisoner-of-war camp Stalag X-B and a camp of internment for civilian enemy aliens. Until 1945 about a million inmates passed through the camp. Estimates of the number of deaths vary between 8,000 and around 50,000. A couple of the original camp buildings still exist in the commercial estate Immenheim. The cemetery in which several thousand prisoners are buried in mass graves is located just outside the town. There is a memorial to them.
# Bradamante d'Este

Bradamante d'Este, Countess of Maccastorna (1550 - 1624, Ferrara) was an Italian noblewoman from the House of Este.

## Biography

She and her elder sister Marfisa were illegitimate daughters of Francesco d'Este, though were legitimated a few years after their birth by both pope Gregory XIII and by Alfonso II d'Este. In 1575 Bradamante married Ercole Bevilacqua, Count of Maccastorna, privy councillor and state and military advisor to Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara. In 1590 her husband had to leave Ferrara after Ercole Trotti discovered Bevilacqua's affair with Trotti's wife Anna Guarini, a court singer. Bradamante remained in Ferrara while her husband settled in Sassuolo. He only returned to Ferrara in 1598 after Alfonso's death and Ferrara's incorporation into the Papal States, thanks to intercession from cardinal Bonifazio Bevilacqua Aldobrandini, a relation.

## Children

Bradamante and Ercole had twelve children:
* Ernesto (1578-1624), soldier in the service of the Este family, 1st Marquess of Bismantova and count of Maccastorna
* Carlo (1579-1640), monk
* Eleonora (1580-?)
* Francesco (1585-1629), soldier in the service of the Este family, 2nd Marquess of Bismantova and count of Maccastorna
* Lucrezia (1587-1607)
* Alessandro (1588-1606, count of Maccastorna
* Camillo (1590-1593), count of Maccastorna
* Sigismondo (1591-1607), Knight of Malta
* Eleonora (1593-?), nun
* Camilla (1595-?)
* Camillo (1597-1645), count of Maccastorna and soldier in the service of the Este family
* Margherita, nun

## Note

* ↑ Luciano Chiappini, Gli Estensi, Varese, 1988.
# Neer Bhare Tere Naina Devi

Neer Bhare Tere Naina Devi is an Indian television series that aired on Imagine TV produced by Shakuntalam Telefilms and directed by Anshuman Kishore Singh. It premiered on 18 January 2010 and ended on 16 July 2010.

## Plot

Laxmi is born to an extremely poor family in a drought stricken village, craving for rain. Her father, who is in no position to feed her, decides to abandon her in the village temple. However, at that very moment, the rain gods smile on the village and a three-year-long drought is broken. Laxmi is proclaimed to be the bearer of this good fortune and is bestowed the status of a Goddess.
While she receives special care and attention, she is also forced to lead an abnormal life, very different from a regular girl her age. The story traces Devi's exploitation at the hands of the village, entrenched in blind faith and superstition.

## Cast

* Dipika Kakar Ibrahim as Devi
** Reem Sheikh as Devi (kid)
* Deepali Pansare as Suhaagi
* Akshita Rajput as Dhaniyaa
* Hemant Pandey as Ghasita
* Abhaas Mehta as Pranay
* Nimai Bali as Chaudhary
* Sumon Chakravarti
* Alpesh Gehlot
* Chitrapama Bannerjee
* Parth Shukla
* Ram Met har Jangra
# Coenia

Coenia is a genus of shore flies in the family Ephydridae.

## Species

* C. alpina Mathis, 1975
* C. caucasica Krivosheina, 2001
* C. curvicauda (Meigen, 1830)
* C. deserta Krivosheina, 2001
* C. elbergi Dahl, 1974
* C. palustris (Fallén, 1823)
# Serixia andamanica

Serixia andamanica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Clark Molesworth Gardner in 1963.
# Turnour Island

Turnour Island is an island in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, located between Gilford Island and West Cracroft Island. On the other side Canoe Passage on its northwest is Village Island, while to its south and southwest is Beware Passage, across from which is Harbledown Island. Gilford Island is to the north across Tribune Channel. Separating Turnour from West Cracroft is Clio Channel.

## Name origin

Captain Nicholas E.B. Turnour commanded HMS Clio during the vessel's second commission with the Pacific Station of the Royal Navy from 1864 to 1868. Clio Channel was named for the ship. Clio Bay near Kitimat was also named for HMS Clio.

## Villages

There are two village sites of the Kwakwaka'wakw on Turnour Island.
Kalugwis, or Karlukwees or Qalogwis, is the principal community of the Tlowitsis Nation and is located on the south shore of Turnour Island facing Beware Passage and is within Karlukwees Indian Reserve No. 1, a.k.a. Karlukwees 1, 10.8 ha.
Another village, adap'e, or adap!a, was located at the head of Turnour Bay, at 50°35′30″N 126°27′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.59167°N 126.45000°W﻿ / 50.59167; -126.45000﻿ (adap'e) just east of Kalugwis. It was used by the Walas and the Komkiutis groups of the Kwakwaka'wakw.
# Sebastian Borger

Sebastian Borger (born 1964 in Kronach) is a German journalist and author based in London.

## Life

Having attended the Hamburg school of journalism Henri-Nannen-Schule from 1987 to 1988, Sebastian Borger started his career in journalism in 1989 as a crime reporter for Abendzeitung in Munich. From 1991 to 1995 he worked for news magazine Der Spiegel, both in Hamburg and Dresden.
Since graduating from the London School of Economics and Political Science in 1998, he has worked as independent adviser and London correspondent for a number of German-speaking publications, amongst them Berliner Zeitung, Der Standard and regional Swiss newspapers.
Borger is a regular pundit on German-British and international topics for the BBC.

## Publications

* „Verzockt – Kweku Adoboli und die UBS", Stämpfli Verlag Bern 2013, ISBN 978-3-7272-1245-1
# Maurício (footballer, born 1970)

Maurício Assoline (born 8 July 1970), simply known as Maurício, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Career

Revealed by Novorizontino, Maurício was called up to the Brazil national team by coach of the Paulo Roberto Falcão in the early 1990s. He had a spell on loan at Portuguesa, but due to failures, he did not establish himself. He later returned to Novorizontino, being part of the 1994 Série C champion squad. In 1995 he was hired by Corinthians, where he remained in 2001 and won several titles, most as a substitute. He was also Carioca champion at Fluminense and retired for the first time in 2003, at Juventude. He returned in 2006 and defended Noroeste and São Bento before retiring permanently.

## Honours
### Novorizontino

* Campeonato Brasileiro Série C: 1994

### Corinthians

* FIFA Club World Cup: 2000
* Campeonato Brasileiro: 1998, 1999
* Campeonato Paulista: 1997, 1999, 2001

### Fluminense

* Campeonato Carioca: 2002