OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Silvio Antoniano

Silvio Antoniani (31 December 1540, Rome – 16 August 1603, Rome) was a musician, canon lawyer, writer on education, priest and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, who spent most of his career in the Roman Curia.

## Life

The son of a poor wool merchant, his talent with the lyre at a young age drew the attention of many patrons and led indirectly to his career in the Church.
Cardinal Otto Truchsess von Waldburg funded his education at a young age. Pope Julius III provided Antoniani with room and board at the Apostolic Palace. He met Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, who sponsored his studies at the University of Ferrara, where Antoniani earned a doctorate in civil and canon law in 1556, and was professor of classical literature.
After the death of the Duke of Ferrara, he returned to Rome. In 1563 Pope Pius IV appointed him to the chair of belles-lettres in Sapienza University, a position in which he worked with St Charles Borromeo, who made him his personal secretary. In 1566 he resigned the chair, and took up the study of theology under the direction of St Philip Neri and was ordained priest on 12 June 1568.
Pope Pius V named him Secretary of the College of Cardinals, a position he held for twenty-four years. Pope Sixtus V named him secretary of the Congregation of Bishops and Regulars. Clement VIII appointed him Secretary of Papal Briefs in 1593. Antoniano was also Master of the Papal Chamber and a Canon of the Basilica of Saint Peter.
Pope Clement created him Cardinal Priest of San Salvatore in Lauro on 3 March 1599. He was present at the acceptance of the Union of Brest, and two of his writings are inscribed on the north and south faces of the pedestal supporting the Vatican obelisk in Saint Peter's Square. He died in Rome in 1603, and is interred in Santa Maria in Vallicella.

## Works

With the advent of Italian humanism in the late sixteenth century, Antoniano devoted himself to the study of educational problems and at the instance of St Charles Borromeo, wrote his principal work on the Christian education of children, (Tre libri dell' educazione cristiana de' figliuoli, Verona, 1584.) His work passed through several editions in Italian and was translated into French by Guignard (Troyes, 1856; Paris, 1873), and into German by Kunz (Freiburg, 1888). The other writings of Antoniano, many of which have not been published, deal with literary, historical, and liturgical subjects.
He was one of the compilers of the Roman Catechism and a member of the commission charged by Clement VIII with the revision of the Breviary.
# Co-Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Opava

The Co-Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary (Czech: Konkatedrála Nanebevzetí Panny Marie; also called Our Lady of the Assumption Co-Cathedral or simply Opava Cathedral) is a Gothic church in the historic city centre of Opava in the Czech Republic.

## History

Its construction is believed to have started during the reign of the Bohemian King Ottokar I (1198–1230). The cathedral is constructed of red bricks, having three naves and two towers. It is built in the fourteenth century Gothic style. Its southern tower is 102 metres tall (a few metres taller than Prague Castle Tower) and remains the tallest church tower in Silesia.
The establishment of the Church of the Assumption in Opava is associated with the Teutonic Knights. The construction of the church probably began shortly after 1204. Details about an earlier Romanesque church at this place are vague. But, a letter from King Wenceslaus I, dated 12 May 1237, already mentions the rectory in Opava. Construction of the church stopped after the death of Ottokar II. It resumed again after the return of his illegitimate son Nicholas I. Over time, the church underwent some additional Baroque and neo-Gothic modifications, suffered from fires in 1689 and 1759, and survived heavy shelling from the Red Army during World War II. Until today, the church remains one of the largest buildings in Opava. Since 1996, it is the second seat of the bishop of Ostrava-Opava (hence "Co-cathedral"). It serves as a Catholic church until this very day.
In 1995, the building was declared a national cultural monument of the Czech Republic.
# Infraorbital nerve

The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve (itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)). It arises in the pterygopalatine fossa. It passes through the inferior orbital fissure to enter the orbit. It travels through the orbit, then enters and traverses the infraorbital canal, exiting the canal at the infraorbital foramen to reach the face. It provides sensory innervation to the skin and mucous membranes around the middle of the face.

## Structure
### Origin

The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V$_2$), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V); it may be considered as the terminal branch of the maxillary nerve. It arises from the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa.

### Course

It travels through the inferior orbital fissure to enter the orbit. It runs anteriorly along the floor of the orbit in the infraorbital groove to the infraorbital canal of the maxilla. Within the infraorbital canal it has three branches, the posterior superior alveolar nerve, middle superior alveolar nerve and anterior superior alveolar nerve. After traversing the canal it emerges onto the anterior surface of the maxilla through the infraorbital foramen. Here, it divides into its terminal branches; palpebral, nasal and superior labial.

### Branches

Within infraorbital canal from proximal to distal:
* posterior superior alveolar nerve.
* middle superior alveolar nerve.
* anterior superior alveolar nerve.
After it exits the infraorbital foramen:
* palpebral branches.
* nasal branches.
* superior labial branches.
The palpebral branches ascend deep to the orbicularis oculi and pierce the muscle to supply the skin of the lower eyelid. The nasal branches supply the skin of the side of the nose and the moveable part of the nasal septum. The superior labial branches descend deep to the levator labii superioris to supply the skin of the anterior cheek and upper lip.

### Relations

Along its course, the infraorbital nerve is accompanied by the infraorbital artery and vein.

### Distribution

The infraorbital nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the lower eyelid, the side of the nose, the moveable part of nasal septum, the anterior cheek, and part of the upper lip. It does not provide motor supply to any muscles.

## Clinical significance
### Infraorbital nerve block

The infraorbital nerve is often blocked with local anesthetic to induce analgesia. This may be due to chronic pain, or during dental or surgical procedures of the face such as for the management of postoperative pain associated with cleft lip correction. The needle is inserted (aiming medially) near to the infraorbital foramen, which can be palpated. The nerve may be blocked using either a transcutaneous or intraoral approach.

### Trigeminal neuralgia

The infraorbital nerve can be implicated in trigeminal neuralgia, where patients have severe orofacial pain.

### Orbital fracture

A fracture of the floor of the orbit can injure the infraorbital nerve resulting in anesthesia in its sensory distribution.
# Externalization (psychology)

Externalization is a term used in psychoanalytic theory which describes the tendency to project one's internal states onto the outside world. It is generally regarded as an unconscious defense mechanism, thus the person is unaware they are doing it. Externalization takes on a different meaning in narrative therapy, where the client is encouraged to externalize a problem in order to gain a new perspective on it.

## Psychoanalysis

In Freudian psychology, externalization (or externalisation) is a defense mechanism by which an individual projects their own internal characteristics onto the outside world, particularly onto other people. For example, a patient who is overly argumentative might instead perceive others as argumentative and themselves as blameless.
Like other defense mechanisms, externalization can be a protection against anxiety and is, therefore, part of a healthy, normally functioning mind. However, if taken to excess, it can lead to the development of a neurosis.

## Narrative therapy

Michael White states that the problem of the client is externalized, to alter the client's point of view.

## Neuroscience of externalization

Problems with self-regulation, including impulsivity, violence, sensation-seeking, and rule-breaking, are indicative of an externalizing risk pathway. A discrepancy exists between bottom-up reward-related circuitry, such as the ventral striatum, and top-down inhibitory control circuitry, which is located in the prefrontal cortex, linking externalizing behaviors. Externalization is often related to substance use disorders. In particular, alcohol use disorder is one of disorders that much externalization research has been dedicated to. Often, issues within the externalizing risk pathway, namely vulnerabilities in self-regulation, may impact the development of alcohol use disorder differently across stages of the addiction cycle. Likewise, marijuana use has been linked to an externalizing pathway that highlights aggressive and delinquent behavior. Another type of disorder that is linked to the externalizing pathway is Antisocial Personality Disorder due to its tendency to relate by lack of constraint. Much research has examined the similarities of antisocial personality disorder and substance use disorder in relation to externalizing behaviors.
# Sun Mingming

Sun Mingming (Chinese: 孙明明; pinyin: Sūn Míngmíng, born August 23, 1983) is a Chinese former professional basketball player. He was the tallest professional basketball player in the world and was measured by the Guinness World Records as 2.36 m (7 ft 9 in) tall and weighing 168 kg (370 lb).

## Early life

He was born in a small town near Bayan County, Harbin in Heilongjiang Province, China. He has two siblings: a brother and a sister. He did not begin playing basketball until he was 15 years old.

## College career

Sun attended and played basketball at Ventura College, a community college in Ventura, CA. He played basketball there for only the 2005–2006 season, before moving on to play professional basketball.

## Basketball career
### United States

Sun played with several American minor league teams, including the USBL team Dodge City Legend, the ABA team Maryland Nighthawks, and the IBL team Grand Rapids Flight. He was also drafted by the Harlem Globetrotters in 2007, being the tallest player in their history to be drafted by them, although he would never play for them.

### Mexico and Japan

Later, Sun played in the Mexican league with Fuerza Regia and in Japan's bj league with Hamamatsu Phoenix.

### Return to China

In 2009, he returned to China to play for the Beijing Ducks in the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA).

## Personal life

In the summer of 2005, Sun discovered that he had a benign tumor attached to his pituitary gland. Because he had neither health insurance nor enough money to pay for the more than $100,000 in medical bills, his sports agent, Charles Bonsignore of Passing Lane Sports, started a fundraiser to raise the necessary money. The tumor was successfully removed on September 26, 2005.
On 4 August 2013, he married Xu Yan, who is 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall. They are recognized by Guinness World Records as the tallest living married couple with their combined height of 13 feet 10.72 inches (423.47 cm).

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | English title | Original title | Role |
| 2007 | Rush Hour 3 | | Kung-Fu Giant |
| 2016 | Funny Soccer | 笑林足球 | Dragon |
| 2017 | The Thousand Faces of Dunjia | 奇門遁甲 | Goldfinger |

### TV series

| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |
| 2016 | Singing All Along | 秀麗江山之長歌行 | Giant | |
| 2016 | Candle in the Tomb | 鬼吹灯之精绝古城 | Honghou | |
# HMS Velox (D34)

HMS Velox (D34) was a V-class destroyer built in 1918. She served in the last year of the First World War and was engaged in the Second Ostend Raid. During the interwar period she underwent a refit and continued serving during the Second World War as a long range convoy escort in the battle of the Atlantic. Post-war Velox was broken up in the reduction of the fleet. Sailors of the ship took part in the Royal Navy mutiny of 1919.
# HMS Wilton (L128)

HMS Wilton was a Type 2 Hunt-class destroyer of the Royal Navy that served in the Second World War.

## Construction

Wilton was ordered from Yarrow Shipbuilders, Scotstoun on 4 September 1939, one of 17 Hunt-class destroyers ordered on that day as part of the 1939 Emergency War Programme. The ship was laid down on 7 June 1940 and was launched on 17 October 1941, commissioning (with the pennant number L128 on 18 February 1942. She was named after "The Wilton Hunt", an annual fox hunt held in Wiltshire. During Warship Week in 1942 she was adopted by the civil community of East Retford in Nottinghamshire.

## Wartime service

On completion in 1942 Wilton was sent to Scapa Flow. She took part in escort duties in support of the Russian Convoys. At the end of 1942 she served in the Mediterranean, including support for the Sicily landings in July of the following year.
In 1944 she continued operations in the Mediterranean on convoy duties, and support for operations in the Adriatic, including naval gunfire support. She remained there until February 1945 when she returned to the UK. In June 1945 she was nominated for service in the Far East and travelled to Simonstown for a refit to prepare for deployment.

## Post war

In 1945 and 1946 Wilton underwent a refit at Simonstown in South Africa, returning to Devonport on 10 February 1946 for transfer to the Reserve Fleet. In December 1949 she recommissioned for service with the 4th Training Flotilla at Rosyth. In 1952 she was again reduced to reserve. She was placed on the disposal list in 1959 and sold for scrapping. She arrived at the breakers yard at Faslane on 30 November 1959.
# Do Char

Do Char (Persian: دوچار, also Romanized as Do Chār) is a village in Gevar Rural District, Sarduiyeh District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 108, in 24 families.
# Do Biran

Do Biran or Dobiran (Persian: دوبيران), also spelled Dhuberan or Dow Viran, may refer to:
* Do Biran-e Olya
* Do Biran-e Sofla
# Do Chahi, Sabzevar

Do Chahi (Persian: دوچاهي, also Romanized as Do Chāhī) is a village in Kuh Hamayi Rural District, Rud Ab District, Sabzevar County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 99, in 26 families.
# Hôpital Albert Schweitzer

The Hôpital Albert Schweitzer was established in 1913 by Albert Schweitzer and Helene Bresslau Schweitzer in Lambaréné, Gabon.

## History

Albert Schweitzer opened a hospital in 1913 in Lambaréné in what was then French Equatorial Africa that became Gabon, where he ran it until his death in 1965. He won the Nobel Prize in 1952 for his work there. Schweitzer used the prize money to build a leper colony. For most of its history, the hospital was operated, staffed, and funded by Europeans. Schweitzer worked with "fellowships" in many countries to fund his work (including the US Albert Schweitzer Fellowship, which was founded in 1940) and the fellowships were coordinated by the "Association Internationale de l'oeuvre du docteur Albert Schweitzer de Lambaréné" (AISL), which also oversaw the hospital. In 1974 the "Fondation internationale de l'Hôpital du docteur Albert Schweizer à Lambaréné" (FISL) was established and took over the duties of overseeing the hospital.
Since its founding, the hospital has been rebuilt twice, the second time being in 1981. At the time of the 1981 construction, a research facility was included at the request of the Gabon government, which eventually became a separate non-profit organization called "Centre de Recherches Médicale de Lambaréné" (CERMEL), but was still governed by the board of the FISL.
The staff and management of the hospital remained in European hands until around 2011, when for the first time an African, Antoine Nziengui, was appointed to lead the hospital.

## Services

The hospital has been the primary source of healthcare for the surrounding region since it was founded in 1913. Periodic upgrades were made to the facility.
The U.S. National Institutes of Health has recognized the hospital's research laboratory as one of five leading facilities in Africa engaged in scientific studies of malaria. Children with severe malaria at the Schweitzer Hospital have the lowest documented mortality rate anywhere on the continent.
As of 2017, it had 150 beds, an emergency room, a pharmacy, a laboratory and an x-ray unit, about 160 staff, 2 surgeons, 2 interns and 2 pediatricians. Around 50,000 people used it each year. Diseases like HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis are also a major focus.
Schweitzer, his wife and several collaborators are buried nearby in a cemetery, among the old buildings which are a museum and have been submitted to the Tentative List to become a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
# Kashinath Naik

Kashinath Naik (born 12 May 1983) is an Indian professional javelin thrower.
He won the bronze medal at the 2010 Commonwealth Games with a throw of 74.29 meters. He holds the post of Naib Subedar in the Indian Army.
# Khambatki Ghat

17°00′02″N 73°46′38″E﻿ / ﻿17.0006888°N 73.7772247°E﻿ / 17.0006888; 73.7772247
Khambatki Ghat is a mountain pass on Pune-Kolhapur section of National Highway 48 in Maharashtra, India. This ghat lies in the Sahyadri mountain ranges (Western Ghats) and has picturesque mountain-scapes and a pleasant climate.

## Details

Earlier, Khabataki ghat road was two-way. A separate tunnel was built on the top of the hill which separated the Kolhapur-Pune road. The current one-way tunnel was constructed to bypass the ghat through a mountain range as an alternative to existing Khambatki ghat in Khandala tehsil of Satara district. The new road has been set up for the vehicles coming from Satara to Pune. This ghat is en route Bengaluru from Pune. People going to Panchgani and Mahabaleshwar via Pune also use this ghat. Mahabaleshwar and Panchgani are two major tourist locations followed by the Sajjangad and Kas plateau, where thousands of tourists visit every year.
# Renata Turauskienė

Renata Turauskienė (née Domkutė, born 23 February 1969) is a Lithuanian chess player who holds the title of Woman International Master (WIM, 2003). She is two times winner of Lithuanian Women's Chess Championship (1988, 2001).

## Biography

From the late 1980s to the early 2000s, Renate was one of the strongest female chess players in Lithuania. She is multiple medalist of the Lithuanian Women's Chess Championships, in which she won twice (1988, 2001) and was runner-up three times (1989, 2002, 2003).
In 1989 Renate participated in the final of the USSR Women's Chess Championship in Volzhsky.
Renata Turauskienė played for Lithuania in the Women's Chess Olympiads:
* In 1992, at second board in the 30th Chess Olympiad (women) in Manila (+4, =2, -5),
* In 2002, at first board in the 35th Chess Olympiad (women) in Bled (+3, =5, -3).
Renata Turauskienė played for Lithuania in the European Women's Team Chess Championships:
* In 2003, at second board in the 5th European Team Chess Championship (women) in Plovdiv (+3, =3, -3).
Also Renata Turauskienė known as a chess trainer. She was the first coach of the International Master (IM) and Woman Grandmaster (WG) Deimantė Cornette and other Šiauliai chess players.
Her oldest sister is Lithuanian chess master Vilma Paulauskienė who won Lithuanian Women's Chess Championship in 1990.
# Gwindinup, Western Australia

Gwindinup is a small town and locality of the Shire of Capel in the South West region of Western Australia, located along the South Western Highway and the Preston River.
The Shire of Capel and the locality of Gwindinup are located on the traditional land of the Wardandi (also spelled Wadandi) people of the Noongar nation.
The area of the Gwindinup townsite, including the sites of the former Runnymead Mill and school, are heritage-listed. The town's origin dates back to 1892 when it was founded as a railway siding, then under the name of Runnymeade, on the Boyanup to Donnybrook railway line. A town site was gazetted in 1909 but, to prevent confusion as the name Runnymeade was already in use in Australia, the name Gwindinup was allocated to the new town instead. The origins of the name are unknown but may come from a local variation of the spelling of the near-by Gynudup Brook.
# List of members of the Senate of Barbados

Current list of the members of the Senate of Barbados:

## Government Senators

According to the Constitution of Barbados, twelve (12) Senators shall be appointed by the President, on the advice of the Prime Minister. On January 24, 2022, days after the 2022 election, Prime Minister Mia Mottley announced her intention to nominate the following persons to sit as Government Senators:
| Senator | Position |
| Reginald R. Farley | President of the Senate |
| H. Elizabeth Thompson | Deputy President of the Senate |
| Lisa Cummins | Leader of Government Business; Minister for Tourism and International Transport |
| Jerome Walcott | Senior Minister coordinating Social and Environmental Policy; Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade |
| Dr. Shantal Munro-Knight | Minister in the Prime Minister's Office |
| Dr. Crystal Haynes | |
| John Andrew King | |
| Pat Parris | |
| Shanika Roberts-Odle | |
| Lorenzo Harewood | |
| Andwele Boyce | |
| Gregory Nicholls | |

## Independent Senators

The Constitution normally provides for the appointment of seven (7) individuals to sit in the Senate, appointed by the President in his own discretion, i.e. Independent Senators. The following persons were sworn in by Dame Sandra Mason on February 1, 2022. The final 2 senators were sworn in April 8, 2022, in lieu of no opposition leader to appoint 2 opposition senators. On February 14, 2024, with newly appointed Opposition Leader Ralph Thorne assuming office, 2 opposition senators were appointed replacing Chelston Brathwaite and Kristina Hinds, the aftformentioned senators appointed in lieu of an opposition.
| Senator | Profession |
| Monique Taitt | Attorney-at-Law |
| John Rogers | Reverend |
| Kevin Boyce | Attorney-at-Law |
| Christopher Maynard | Doctor |
| Crystal Drakes | Economist |
| Andrew Mallalieu | Businessman |
| Lindell Nurse | Politician |

## Opposition Senators

| Senator | Profession |
| Ryan Walters | Businessman |
| Andre Worrell | Acting President of the DLP |
# Patrick Lancereau

Patrick Lancereau (born 18 July 1966 in Tours) is a French sprint canoeist who competed in the early to mid-1990s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he earned his best finish of fifth in the K-2 1000 m event at Atlanta in 1996.
# Snow lantern

A snow lantern is a hollow cone built of snowballs into which a light is put, usually a candle or a Japanese stone garden lantern Yukimi Gata. People lighting their own snow lanterns is one of Sweden's, Finland's and Norway's Christmas traditions.

## Festival

Hirosaki in Aomori Prefecture, Japan holds an annual winter four-day Hirosaki Castle Snow Lantern festival at Hirosaki Castle. The festival had attracted 310,000 visitors in 1999 and included 165 standing snow lanterns and 300 mini snow caves.