OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dualism (politics)

Dualism in terms of politics, refers to specific political concepts that are related to the functional or structural duality of a particular political system. In some states, functional dualism is manifested through the division of power between the two main branches of government (legislative and executive). In other, mainly complex states, structural dualism is expressed as a division of power between two constitutive units.
Functional dualism is common in parliamentary systems, like those in the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Sweden, where the term dualism is used to refer to the functional separation of powers between the cabinet and parliament. Unlike the presidential system, the legislative branch consists of the cabinet together with the parliament and cabinets are formed on the basis of a majority in parliament. Unlike the Westminster parliamentary system, cabinet ministers cannot be members of parliament. An important political issue is whether ministers and leaders of governing parliamentary parties should prepare important political decisions. According to the dualistic position, members of parliament of governing parties should function independently of their cabinet. The term monism is used to refer to a stance that important decisions should be prepared by the members of the governing coalition in order to promote political stability.
Structural dualism is manifested in those dual states, like dual monarchies, that are constituted as real unions. One of the most notable examples of state dualism in modern history was the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918), where dualism was manifested as an official political doctrine of co-equality between Austria and Hungary. The phrase "during dualism" (Hungarian: dualizmus alatt) is used in Hungarian historiography as shorthand for "during the Dual Monarchy."

## Trialism

As in dualism, the same functional and structural distinctions are also manifested in trialistic political concepts, referring to three instead of two political subjects. Functional trialism emphasizes the distinction between the three main branches of government (legislative, executive, and judicial) while structural trialism refers to the internal political structure of triune states. In history, one of the most notable examples of trialism was manifested as a political concept that the advocated transformation of the dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy into a triune state, by creating a third constituent entity. The proposition was that this was to be achieved by the equalisation of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia to the two other monarchies in the empire, a conjecture that was supported by the assassinated Franz Ferdinand. (see Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand).
# 5th Armored Brigade (South Korea)

The 5th Armored Brigade (Korean: 제5기갑여단) is a military formation of the Republic of Korea Army. The brigade is subordinated to the V Corps.

## Organization

In 2020, K1E1 tank battalions of the brigade was equipped with maneuvering and combat shooting training system.
* Headquarters:
** Headquarters Company
** Air Defense Artillery Battery (K30 Biho)
** Armored Engineer Company
** Chemical Company
** Armored Reconnaissance Company
** Signal Company
** Combat Support Battalion
** Intelligence Company
* 38th Armored Battalion (K1E1)
* 39th Armored Battalion (K1E1)
* 55th Armored Battalion (K1E1)
* 113th Mechanized Infantry Battalion (K200)
* 126th Mechanized Infantry Battalion (K200)
* 665th Artillery Battalion (K55A1)
# Cady, Wisconsin

Cady is a town in St. Croix County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 880 at the 2020 census, up from 821 in the 2010 census and 710 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Hatchville is located partially in the town.

## History

The town was named for Jacob Cady, who brought his family from Vermont around 1850 to establish a saw mill in the area.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 34.9 square miles (90.3 km$^2$), of which, 34.5 square miles (89.4 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.9 km$^2$) of it (1.00%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 710 people, 255 households, and 200 families residing in the town. The population density was 20.6 inhabitants per square mile (8.0/km$^2$). There were 264 housing units at an average density of 7.7 per square mile (3.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 99.30% White, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.28% of the population.
There were 255 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 16.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.16.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $53,250, and the median income for a family was $56,979. Males had a median income of $35,341 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,634. About 0.5% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.0% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.
# Ctesicles

Ctesicles (Ancient Greek: Κτησικλῆς) was the author of a chronological work (Chronika or Chronoi), of which two fragments are preserved in Athenaeus.
Ctesicles was also a sculptor, who made a statue at Samos and an Athenian general
# Euphyes conspicua

Euphyes conspicua, the black dash, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. The species was first described by William Henry Edwards in 1863. It is found in the upper Midwest of North America, from eastern Nebraska east to southern Ontario and along the central Atlantic Coast from Massachusetts south to south-eastern Virginia. Its habitat includes shrubby or partially wooded wetland.
The wingspan is 32–42 mm. Adults are on wing from June to August in one generation per year. They feed on the nectar of various flowers.
The larvae feed on Carex stricta and possibly other Carex species. Adults feed on nectar from flowers including buttonbush, jewelweed, and swamp thistle.

## Subspecies

E. conspicua has three subspecies:
* E. c. buchholzi (P. Ehrlich and Gillham, 1951)
* E. c. conspicua (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
* E. c. orono (Scudder, 1872)
# Sonamura North Assembly constituency

Sonamura North Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the Indian state of Tripura.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Election | Member | Party | Party |
| 1967 | Debendra Kishore Chowdhury | | Indian National Congress |

## Election results
### 1967 Assembly election

1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election: Sonamura North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Debendra Kishore Chowdhury | 8,807 | 74.00% | New |
| | Independent | D. C. S. Gupta | 2,439 | 20.49% | New |
| | Independent | G. C. Das | 655 | 5.50% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 6,368 | 53.51% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11,901 | 82.10% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 15,206 | | |
| | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) |
# Commercial Street, Leeds

Commercial Street is a pedestrianised shopping street in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is 0.2 miles (0.32 km) long.

## History

The street was first developed by William Hey II as Bond Street in 1823–1824, and was renamed to Commercial Street several years later. Leeds Library, the oldest surviving subscription library in the UK, is located on this street.
The street runs west from Briggate to Albion Street, continuing to the east as Kirkgate, and to the west as Bond Street. It has junctions on its north side with Lands Lane, and on the south side with Bank Street and Marcelo Bielsa Way.
# Weekday Cross

Weekday Cross, in the Lace Market area of Nottingham, was the main market area in Nottingham. As the location of the town hall, Nottingham Guild Hall and main market, it was the centre of the town, before the market moved to the Old Market Square.
It was also known as Weekday Market.

## The Cross

A cross (probably not the first) was erected about 1529-1530. The Chamberlain's Accounts contain items of expenditure relating to the purchase of stone and sand and payment to John Mychyll for working the stone. There is also reference to the purchase of drink that was drunk at the cross on Corpus Christi. This may relate to a celebration to mark its completion.
About 1711 the "Cross" was familiarly known as "The Pillar." In 1736, the Crosses were cleaned at a cost of 1s 4d This cross was pulled down in 1804, the Corporation of Nottingham recording:
   1804 Tuesday, 6 November Weekday Cross Ordered that the Week Day Cross be taken down and the Material sold by publick Auction …
A new Cross was erected in the late 1993 by Nottingham Civic Society.

## The site
### The market

The Monday market was for fresh vegetables and butter. Later it moved from Weekday Cross to the 'Monday Cross', now near St. Peter's Square.
A market was held on Wednesdays and Fridays. It was possible to buy butter, eggs, pigeon, wild fowl, fruit and fish.

### The Guildhall

When the merchants established a Guild to regulate trade they erected a Nottingham Guild Hall on Weekday Cross. This building became the Court House and Town Hall when the borough had its own mayor and aldermen.
This site is now occupied by the Nottingham Contemporary art gallery.

### Nottingham Bluecoat School

In 1723, land was given by William Thorpe on High Pavement in Weekday Cross was used and the Nottingham Bluecoat School migrated there, remaining for over a century.
# Oxpens Road

Oxpens Road is a road in central Oxford, England, linking west and south Oxford. It is named after the marshy area of Oxpens, next to one of the branches of the River Thames in Oxford. It forms part of the A420 road.

## Locale

To the northwest, Oxpens Road becomes Hollybush Row, meeting at Frideswide Square, forming the major junction of the Botley Road, Park End Street and Hythe Bridge Street near the Saïd Business School and Oxford railway station (to the west of the city centre). To the southeast it becomes Thames Street, just north of the River Thames, and meets the junction with the south end of St Aldates near Christ Church Meadow (to the south of the city centre). It forms part of an inner ring road for the southwest part of the centre of Oxford.
Halfway along is the Oxford Ice Rink, a distinctive 1984 building by Nicholas Grimshaw, which is the home of the Oxford City Stars ice hockey team. One of the campuses of the City of Oxford College is located here on the north side. The road crosses the southern end of the Castle Mill Stream just before it reaches the River Thames.
Oxpens Road also provides access to major car parks for the centre of Oxford, including the Westgate Shopping Centre. A redeveloped and greatly expanded shopping centre opened in 2017, but there have been concerns over the imposing and largely windowless wall at the southwest of the redevelopment on Oxpens Road by conservationists, including the Oxford Civic Society.

## History

Before 1850, Oxpens Road was known as Nun's Walk. This area used to be the location of a gasworks by the river.
The locality was one of the poorer quarters of central Oxford. In the 1950s and 1960s there was large-scale clearance of the area, known as The Oxpens. Many residents were moved to Blackbird Leys, an estate consisting largely of council housing on the outskirts of southeast Oxford and close to Morris Motors Limited in Cowley, which provided employment. The area around Oxpens was almost entirely redeveloped during the second half of the 20th century.
Close to Oxpens Road on St Thomas Street was the Morrells Brewery (aka The Lion Brewery), near the Castle Mill Stream, which closed in 1998.

## Gallery

* View southeast along Oxpens Road.
* View northwest along Oxpens Road.
* Oxford Ice Rink on Oxpens Road.
* View down Hollybush Row towards Oxpens Road.
* Post office building on Oxpens Road.
# Whip-Ma-Whop-Ma-Gate

Whip-Ma-Whop-Ma-Gate is a street in York, England, known for its short length and unusual name. A continuation of Colliergate, it runs south to meet Pavement, Fossgate, and the Stonebow, a distance of perhaps 80 feet (24 m), and is adjoined by St Saviourgate on its eastern side. St Crux Parish Hall, originally one of York's medieval churches, backs onto it.
The street's name was first recorded in 1505 as Whitnourwhatnourgate, and later appears as Whitney Whatneygate. It seems to mean "neither-one-thing-nor-the-other street", although a plaque on the end of the parish hall suggests the meaning "what a street!". In 17th and 18th century documents, the alternative name Salvey Rents or Salvegate is also found.
Whip-Ma-Whop-Ma is the title of a novel by York author Martyn Clayton.
# CGGBP1

CGG triplet repeat-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGGBP1 gene.
The existence of a CGG-binding factor was recognised in 1990 and the protein was identified by Deissler and colleagues in 1997. It has 167 amino acids and a mass of 20kDa and includes a C2H2 zinc finger DNA-binding domain. The human gene is on chromosome 3 at 3p11.1, right next to the centromere, where it has four known promoters. CGGBP1 appears to have evolved from hAT transposons and is found in all amniotes.
The protein binds to CGG trinucleotide repeats to regulate transcription (including inhibiting Alu elements) and translation. It is essential to cell survival, having wide cytoprotective functions including DNA repair and telomere maintenance. Because the gene's promoters include CGG repeats, it is self-regulatory.
CGGBP1 influences expression of the fragile X mental retardation gene, FMR1, by specifically interacting with the CGG trinucleotide repeat in its 5-prime UTR, the untranslated regulatory region upstream of the gene's coding sequence.
# Jason James (basketball)

Jason T. James (born October 10, 1977) is an American high school basketball coach who is currently boys' varsity coach at Milan High School in Milan, TN. He was previously a college basketball coach, most recently men's basketball head coach at the University of Tennessee at Martin (UT Martin).

## Early life and education

Born in St. Louis, Missouri, James graduated from Parkway West High School in nearby Ballwin in 1996 and played basketball at Graceland College from 1996 to 2000. A guard, James was team captain as a senior.

## Coaching career

From 2000 to 2002, James was an assistant coach at St. Louis Community College–Forest Park.
James spent seven seasons as a UT Martin assistant under coach Bret Campbell. James took over for Campbell in 2009, but proceeded to post a 37–117 overall record in five seasons. In 2013–14, the Skyhawks went 8–23 and did not qualify for the conference tournament. James was fired on March 3, 2014.
After leaving UT Martin, James became head boys' varsity basketball coach at Blytheville High School in Blytheville, Arkansas before taking the same job at Germantown High School in Germantown, Tennessee. After Germantown, he served as head boys' varsity basketball coach at Kenwood High School in Clarksville, TN, before taking his current role at Milan High School in 2021.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| UT Martin Skyhawks (Ohio Valley Conference) (2009–2014) ||||||
| 2009–10 | UT Martin | 4–25 | 1–17 | 9th |
| 2010–11 | UT Martin | 12–21 | 6–12 | 7th |
| 2011–12 | UT Martin | 4–27 | 0–16 | 11th |
| 2012–13 | UT Martin | 9–21 | 5–11 | 5th (West) |
| 2013–14 | UT Martin | 8–23 | 3–13 | 5th (West) |
| UT Martin: | UT Martin: | 37–117 (.240) | 15–69 (.179) | |
| Total: | Total: | 37–117 (.240) | | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
# Primmore's Pride

Primmore's Pride was a 7/8 Thoroughbred gelding. Known as "Kiri", he was foaled in 1993, bred by Roger & Joanna Day, the offspring of Mayhill (sire) and Primmore Hill (dam). He was owned by Denise & Roger Lincoln and ridden by Pippa Funnell, who achieved the Grand Slam of eventing in 2003 by winning the Rolex Kentucky Three Day, Badminton Horse Trials, and Burghley Horse Trials while riding Primmore's Pride.
Primmore's Pride was retired after a ligament injury after winning Badminton in 2005. Primmore's Pride was euthanized 20 March 2023 at the age of 30.

## Eventing results

* 1st Burghley Young Event Horse Final as a 5-year-old
* 1st Le Lion d'Anger 7 year old World Championship
* 4th Blenheim CCI*** 2001
* 2nd Punchestown CCI*** 2002
* 6th Burghley 2002
* 2nd British Open Championships Gatcombe and National Champion 2002
* 1st Rolex Kentucky 2003
* 1st Burghley 2003
* Team Silver Athens Olympics 2004
* Individual Bronze Athens Olympics 2004
* 1st Badminton 2005
# Butterfly joint

A butterfly joint, also called a bow tie, dovetail key, Dutchman joint, or Nakashima joint, is a type of joint or inlay used to hold two or more pieces of wood together. These types of joints are mainly used for aesthetics, but they can also be used to reinforce cracks in pieces of wood, doors, picture frames, or drawers.
A dovetail key resembles two dovetails connected at the narrow part. A negative of the hole is cut out of the board the butterfly will be placed in and the butterfly is then fitted, keeping the joint together. The wood used for the butterfly is usually a contrasting wood, often walnut.

## History
### Dutchman Joint

The term Dutchman is used when a patch or inlay covers a miss-cut or an imperfect piece of wood. A Dutchman can also cover a knot in the wood. A Dutchman can be wood or metal. The name originated in San Francisco after the gold rush, when all types of European craftsmen came to California to earn a living. The term Dutchman is slang given to the woodworking process of inserting patches. The term has been found in the literature of John Russell Bartlett, in the Dictionary of Americanisms, and in Edward H. Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary.

### Dovetail Key

In 1894, Jacques De Morgan discovered a group of boats at the pyramid complex of Khakaure Senwosret III at Dahshur. Butterfly, or dovetail, joints were recorded as being used. Some archaeologists argue that the dovetail joints were not originally fitted for the boats but were a modern replacement. The dovetail joints appear to have been set into the faces of the planks after the excavation, to provide strength so that they would not fall apart during transport. The craftsmanship of the joints was different than in the rest of the boats, and because they were not fixed in place, any type of force could cause the joint to fall out. There was also no mention of the joints in Morgan's original notes, written when he first saw the boats. It is unlikely that he would have missed them if they were present. There have been reports of traditional Japanese boats using butterfly cramps but these were held in place by shellac.

## Modern use

Contemporary decorative dovetail keys are commonly seen in and associated with the work of George Nakashima. George Nakashima, a Japanese-American woodworker, made the butterfly joint famous in the 1950s. He incorporated it into his nature-inspired woodworking pieces. Nakashima's idea was not to change the wood, but only to enhance its beauty.
# Keiyo Aomatsu

Keiyo Aomatsu (青松 敬鎔, Aomatsu Keiyo, born December 7, 1986) is a former Japanese Nippon Professional Baseball player with the Chiba Lotte Marines of Japan's Pacific League.
# Monck Provincial Park

Monck Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located at Nicola Lake near the town of Merritt. The park's campground is one of those which accepts reservations. Activities including fishing, camping and hiking. Natural features other than Nicola Lake include lava beds associated with the Chilcotin Group.
# USNS George W. Goethals

USNS George W. Goethals (T-AP-182) was a troop transport that served with the United States Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) during the 1950s. Prior to her MSTS service, she served as U.S. Army transport USAT George W. Goethals during World War II.
George W. Goethals was laid down under Maritime Commission contract 7 January 1941 by the Ingalls Shipbuilding Company of Pascagoula, Mississippi; launched as Pascagoula 23 January 1942; delivered to the Army 18 September 1942; and renamed for the builder of the Panama Canal George W. Goethals.

## World War II

During World War II George W. Goethals operated as an Army transport out of New York City, Boston, and Gulf Coast ports to ports in North Africa, France, and the United Kingdom. After the war, she continued transatlantic runs carrying military dependents between the United States and Europe.

## Postwar Navy service

Acquired by the U.S. Navy on 1 March 1950, the transport was assigned to MSTS. Manned by a civilian crew, George W. Goethals continued trooplift and passenger voyages out of New York.
During the Korean War she helped to maintain American military strength in Europe and the Middle East. Transporting troops and military cargo, she steamed to England, Germany, North Africa, Italy, Greece, and Turkey during European and Mediterranean deployments. In addition, she rotated troops to American bases in the Caribbean. In 1953, for example, she completed 12 round-trip voyages out of New York to Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Canal Zone.
Between 1955 and 1959 George W. Goethals continued a busy, far-ranging deployment schedule. During this period she deployed 18 times to ports in Western Europe and three times to the Mediterranean, and she completed 30 round trips to the Caribbean. Placed in a ready reserve status from 15 December 1958 to 21 February 1959, she made a run to Bremerhaven and back during February and March. In the next 6 months, she deployed to the Caribbean seven times.

## Inactivation

After returning to New York 29 September 1959, she was inactivated. Transferred to the Maritime Administration 20 November 1960 she entered the National Defense Reserve Fleet, and was berthed in the Hudson River at Jones Point, New York. She was scrapped in 1971.