OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lorraine C. Friedman

Lorraine Cecilia Friedman (August 1, 1918–December 2, 2005) was the personal assistant to medical researcher Jonas Salk, who developed the first widely used polio vaccine. She began working with Salk at the Virus Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh in 1949 and remained his personal assistant for 40 years.
Friedman efficiently managed all the administrative operations of the Virus Research Laboratory including Salk’s calendar, appointments, and correspondence. She often acted as a mediator between junior staff and Salk. She was also protective of Salk’s privacy and preference not to be in the media spotlight after the successful launch of the vaccine. In the early history of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Friedman was the only administrative staff supporting Salk and the organization.
Salk’s biographer Charlotte DeCroes Jacobs suggests that in Friedman’s loyalty, support, organization of his daily life, she was more of a true partner to Salk than his own wife. Friedman likely had romantic feelings towards Salk, but he never saw her as more than an extremely capable executive secretary.
Friedman meticulously maintained all the documents related to Salk’s research, writing, and publications including the activities of the Virus Research Laboratory and the Salk Institute until her retirement.

## Personal Life

Friedman was born to Hungarian Jewish immigrant parents in the eastern suburbs of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She attend college and enlisted in the Navy during World War II. She was offered employment at the Virus Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh after responding to want ad in the Pittsburgh Press.

## Death

According to a brief notice published in the San Diego Union-Tribune on December 5, 2005, Friedman died at her home in La Jolla, California on December 2, 2005 and was buried in El Camino Memorial Park in San Diego, California.
# Jonathan Thiré

Jonathan Thiré (born 19 April 1986 in Nantes) is a French amateur road bicycle racer for Team U Nantes Atlantique. He previously competed as a professional for Auber 93, between 2008 and 2012.

## Palmarès
### 2007

    1st Overall Tour de Gironde
       1st Stage 3

### 2008

    5th Paris–Mantes-en-Yvelines

### 2010

    3rd Overall Ronde de l'Oise
    7th Route Adélie

### 2013

    1st Mountains classification Boucles de la Mayenne
# Simon Dufour

Simon Dufour (born 20 February 1979) is an Olympic backstroke swimmer from France. He has swum for France at:
* Olympics: 2000, 2004, 2008
* World Championships: 2003, 2005, 2007
* European Championships: 2004
* World University Games: 2001
* Mediterranean Games: 2001
* Short Course Europeans: 2001, 2006
# Drumcondra Public Library

Drumcondra Public Library is an art deco style public library in Drumcondra, Dublin designed by Robert Sorley Lawrie working in the city architect's office under Horace O'Rourke.
This building was one of four similar libraries built by Dublin Corporation between 1935 and 1940 in the Dublin suburbs of Phibsborough, Ringsend, Drumcondra and Inchicore.
# James Allan Smith

James Allan Smith (also spelled Alan; 2 August 1841 – 29 November 1918) was the fifth Dean of St Davids.
Smith was born into an ecclesiastical family in Pyecombe — his father was James Allan Smith, Rector of that parish — on 2 August 1841 and educated at Wadham College and ordained in 1864. He was initially Curate of Trinity Church, St Marylebone and then Vicar of Holy Trinity, Nottingham. Moving to Wales he was successively Vicar of Swansea, Rural Dean of East Gower, Vicar of Hay, Chancellor of St Davids Cathedral and Canon Residentiary before his elevation to the Deanery in 1904. He died in post during November 1918.
Smith married Charlotte Isabella Linton (who died on 5 February 1900, in her 63rd year), eldest daughter of Henry Linton, of Stertloe, Buckden, Huntingdon, and honorary Canon of Christ Church, Oxford. Their son was Linton Smith, Bishop of Warrington, of Hereford and then of Rochester. He had become a Doctor of Divinity (DD).
# Flexiseps johannae

Johanna's skink (Flexiseps johannae) is a species of skink endemic to the Comoro Islands.
# Crawford Lake (Halton Region)

Crawford Lake (Wyandot: Kionywarihwaen) is a lake near the community of Campbellville, in the town of Milton, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario, Canada. It is located within Crawford Lake Conservation Area, a Regionally Environmentally Sensitive Area, an Ontario Area of Natural and Scientific Interest, and part of the Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve.
The primary inflow to the lake is an unnamed creek.
Crawford Lake is meromictic, which means it has sequentially deposited seasonal sediment laminations called varves at the bottom; these allow for accurate dating of sediment cores and make Crawford Lake a prime site for archeological and geochemical studies.

## History

Using pollen analysis of the lake, reconstruction of the history of the area over several hundred years was possible. The analysis revealed the agricultural history of the native Iroquoians and a pre-European contact village, through the presence of corn and squash pollen motes. The Wendat-Huron village has been reconstructed in the conservation area based on many years of work by archaeologists, historical references, and First Nations oral traditions.
Further analysis revealed evidence of European colonists through sawdust and ragweed pollen from the construction of nearby settlements.

## Lake environment

Crawford Lake developed over thousands of years ago in Southern Ontario as water filled in a limestone cliff sinkhole. Due to its meromictic attributes, the lake is separated into two layers: its upper layer is mixed with external factors such as wind, and its bottom layer is undisturbed, leading to sediment accumulating at its bottom. When temperatures and acidity are high during summers, the water produces calcite that forms a white layer over the lake bed's sediment layer.

## Ecology
### Flora

Stratigraphic evidence using charcoal analysis of Crawford Lake's sediments showed a record of increased charcoal accumulation, when pollen analysis showed a change between northern hardwoods to a white pine and oak forest.

## Anthropocene epoch

In 2009, the Anthropocene Working Group of the Sub-commission on Quaternary Stratigraphy began debating on a candidate for the Anthropocene Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), where the area had to preserve, in good condition, changes of human impacts on the environment.
Geochemical analysis of sediment cores has allowed for the reconstruction of the environmental history (e.g. human impact, pollution) of the area. This analysis has revealed the trends and sources of air pollution over approximately 150 years. The well-distinguished stratigraphy led to the lake becoming a candidate for determining the start date of the proposed Anthropocene epoch, with a base date at 1950 CE.
Crawford Lake was chosen in July 2023 to represent the "key site that shows we're in a new climate epoch". The lake has been described as the "golden spike" showing the global human impact on earth. The first age of the Anthropocene could be named the "Crawfordian," after the lake.
# The Blue Chair

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Blue Chair is the fifth solo album by Kieran Kane, his third for Dead Reckoning Records, the label founded by Kane in 1994 along with fellow musicians Kevin Welch, Mike Henderson, Tammy Rogers, and Harry Stinson. Robert Wooldridge reviewed The Blue Chair on Country Standard Time website favorably, stating "Though unlikely to bring Kane the commercial success he enjoyed with The O'Kanes, this release reinforces Kane's reputation as one of today's best alt.-country singer-songwriters."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Kieran Kane, unless otherwise noted
* Track information and credits taken from the album's liner notes.

## Musicians

* Kieran Kane: Vocals, Guitar (Gut String), Acoustic Guitar, mandolin (Octave), Percussion
* Glenn Worf: Bass
* Harry Stinson: Drums, Percussion, Backing vocals on tracks 5, 7, 8
* Dan Dugmore: Electric Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Guitar (Gut String), Steel Guitar (Pedal), Resonator Guita
* John Jarvis: Piano, Organ (B3)
* Steve Mandile: Synthesizer on track 6
* Allison Moorer: Backing vocals on track 5
* Claudia Scott: Backing vocals on tracks 7, 8
* Kevin Welch: Backing vocals on tracks 4, 5
* Kieran Kane: Backing vocals on track 9
* Kim Keys: Backing vocals on track 6
* Tabitha Fair: Backing vocals on track 6

## Production

* Kieran Kane: Cover Painting
* Brydget Carrillo: Design
* Brent Maher: Engineer
* Nils Logan:Engineer
* Dave Shipley: Master
* Mils Logan: Recorder, Mixer
* Brydget Carrillo: Photography
* Philip Scoggins: Recorder
* Recorded and mixed at Creative Workshop
* Additional recording at Moraine Music Group
* Mastered at Foxwood Music
# Locked In (2010 film)

Locked In is a 2010 independent thriller drama film directed by Suri Krishnamma and written by Ronnie Christensen, starring Ben Barnes, Sarah Roemer and Eliza Dushku. It was shot in the United States under the working title of Valediction.

## Plot

The story moves through the lives of two fragile yet determined people and maps a private geography of love, loss and ultimate redemption. Josh leaves his advertising career at its peak, when everyone wants either to be him or to have him. Then he walks away from it all: the money, recognition and the life. A car accident leaves his daughter suffering from "locked-in" syndrome. When everyone has given up, she starts communicating with him - or is he going mad?

## Cast

* Ben Barnes as Josh Sawyer
* Sarah Roemer as Emma Sawyer
* Eliza Dushku as Renee
* Brenda Fricker as Joan

## Release

The film premiered in the United States on September 17, 2010, at the 2010 Boston Film Festival. Lionsgate released the film on DVD on October 14, 2014.

## Reception

At its premiere at BFF, David Chen of /Film gave the film a harshly negative review after walking out thirty minutes in.
# Arthur Boyle

Arthur Boyle (1840/1841 – December 10, 1919) was a politician and grocer. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1887 as a Member of the Conservative Party to represent the riding of Monck. He was defeated by John Brown in the 1891 election, but was acclaimed back into office in 1892 after Brown was unseated. He then continued to represent the riding until its abolition in 1896.
In 1868, he married Annie E. Cormick. Boyle was reeve of Dunnville from 1877 to 1879 and was warden for Haldimand County from 1878 to 1879. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1886 provincial election.
Arthur Boyle died at his home in Niagara Falls, Ontario on December 10, 1919.

## Electoral record

vte1887 Canadian federal election: Monck :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Arthur Boyle | 1,816 |
| | Liberal | George A. McCallum | 1,718 |
vte1891 Canadian federal election: Monck :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal | John Brown | 1,874 |
| | Conservative | Arthur Boyle | 1,614 |
By-election on 12 March 1892
Due to unseating of John Brown :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Arthur Boyle | acclaimed |
# Sylvain Cros

Sylvain Cros (born 2 June 1980) is a long-distance freestyle swimmer from France, who won the bronze medal in the men's individual 1500 metres freestyle event at the 1999 European Championships in Istanbul. He has won twenty one French titles since 1998.
# Psychagrapha

Psychagrapha is a genus of moths in the family Megalopygidae described by Francis Walker in 1855. The genus was established in the Psychidae, but was transferred to the Megalopygidae by David Stephen Fletcher and I. W. B. Nye in 1982.

## Species

* Psychagrapha floccosa Walker, 1855
# Bodorgan

Bodorgan is a village and community on the Isle of Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom. According to the 2001 Census, there were 1,503 residents in the now former electoral ward, 72.7% of them being able to speak Welsh. This increased to 1,704 at the 2011 Census but only 67.72% of this increased population were Welsh speakers.
The village is served by Bodorgan railway station, which is located near the hamlets of Bethel and Llangadwaladr to the north-west, which are in the community, as is Malltraeth. It lies on an unclassified road to the southwest of the village of Hermon, through which the A4080 road passes. To the east and south of Bodorgan lies the estuary of the Afon Cefni and the extensive Malltraeth Sands.
Bodorgan Hall is the largest country estate in Anglesey. The house, dovecote and a barn are Grade II listed buildings. The reasons given for listing the house are that it is a "site in a magnificent coastal position, which retains many of its original characteristics, having well preserved formal terraces; deer park still in use; substantial remains of extensive and once well known walled kitchen gardens; other, less formal, designed garden areas which have partially survived, including some planting; woodland and shooting coverts; large circular brick dovecote and other buildings of interest." Until 2013, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge lived in a farmhouse on the Bodorgan Estate during the time when Prince William was serving as a search-and-rescue helicopter pilot based at RAF Valley nearby.
The village hosted several matches of the 2019 Inter Games Football Tournament, a replacement football tournament for the popular Island Games. The games were held in Gibraltar but due to lack of pitches there Anglesey was deemed to be a better host.
The former RAF Bodorgan is nearby.

## Governance

The local government ward of Bodorgan, including the village of Llangadwaladr and a number of other small hamlets, had a total of 900 inhabitants, increasing slightly to 921 at the 2011 Census. However, following the 2012 Isle of Anglesey electoral boundary changes Bodorgan became part of a larger Bro Aberffraw ward with the neighbouring communities of Aberffraw and Rhosyr.
In November 2012, 101-year old Bodorgan community councillor, Mary Edwards MBE, was the UK's oldest community councillor. She had represented Bodorgan on Aethwy District Council between 1948 and 1974, subsequently serving on Anglesey County Council until 1996.
# Jordan Sigismeau

Jordan Sigismeau (born 22 December 1992) is a French rugby league footballer who plays for the Palau XIII Broncos in the Elite One Championship He plays as a wing.

## Club career

Born on the island of Réunion, Sigismeau originally played rugby union before switching to rugby league with Catalans in 2014. In 2015, he spent time on loan in the Championship with Whitehaven, making 6 appearances before being recalled by Catalans. Sigismeau made his Super League début later that year against Widnes Vikings.

## International career

Jordan was selected for France for their 2015 European Cup campaign. He made his international début against Ireland in Albi in a game where the French won comfortably and which also saw Jordan score his first international try.
He also played for France in their mid-tournament test-match against England. He was a part what was considered a 'weakened' French side due to injury and it showed with an appalling showing against their opponents.
# Sébastien Fournet-Fayard

Sébastien Fournet-Fayard (born 25 April 1985) is a French road cyclist, who currently rides for Pro Immo Nicolas Roux.

## Major results
### 2007

    3rd Overall Cinturó de l'Empordà
    4th Chrono des Nations U23
    6th Overall Ronde de l'Isard

### 2015

    6th Overall Tour de Guadeloupe
    8th Overall Grand Prix Chantal Biya

### 2016

    5th Overall Tour de Guadeloupe
       1st Stage 2b (ITT)

### 2017

    1st Overall Tour de Guadeloupe
       1st Stage 8b (ITT)
    1st Mountains classification Tour du Jura

### 2018

    7th Overall Tour de Guadeloupe
       1st Stage 8b (ITT)
# List of Georgian regions by Human Development Index

This is a list of Georgian administrative divisions (mkhare) by Human Development Index as of 2023. This also includes Adjara, a historical, geographic and political-administrative region of Georgia, and Tbilisi, the capital and largest city. There is no data for the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia available.
| Rank | Region | HDI (2022) |
| Very high human development |||
| 1 | Tbilisi | 0.836 |
| 2 | Adjara | 0.819 |
| – | Georgia | 0.814 |
| 3 | Imereti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti | 0.813 |
| High human development |||
| 4 | Kvemo Kartli | 0.796 |
| 5 | Shida Kartli | 0.792 |
| 6 | Samtskhe-Javakheti | 0.787 |
| 7 | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti | 0.777 |
| 8 | Guria | 0.771 |
| 9 | Kakheti | 0.769 |
| 10 | Mtskheta-Mtianeti | 0.757 |

## Development 2000-2019

Human Development Index of Georgian regions since 2000.
| Region | HDI 2000 | HDI 2005 | HDI 2010 | HDI 2015 | HDI 2019 | Increase 2000-2019 |
| Tbilisi | 0.779 | 0.817 | 0.815 | 0.825 | 0.832 | 6.3% |
| Adjara | 0.701 | 0.737 | 0.760 | 0.793 | 0.814 | 13.8% |
| Georgia | 0.702 | 0.738 | 0.759 | 0.790 | 0.810 | 13.3% |
| Imereti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti | 0.686 | 0.722 | 0.749 | 0.785 | 0.808 | 15.4% |
| Kvemo Kartli | 0.656 | 0.691 | 0.723 | 0.764 | 0.791 | 17.0% |
| Shida Kartli | 0.667 | 0.702 | 0.729 | 0.764 | 0.787 | 15.2% |
| Samtskhe-Javakheti | 0.663 | 0.698 | 0.725 | 0.760 | 0.783 | 15.3% |
| Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti | 0.679 | 0.716 | 0.732 | 0.757 | 0.773 | 12.1% |
| Guria | 0.697 | 0.734 | 0.741 | 0.757 | 0.767 | 9.1% |
| Kakheti | 0.679 | 0.714 | 0.728 | 0.750 | 0.765 | 11.2% |
| Mtskheta-Mtianeti | 0.669 | 0.704 | 0.717 | 0.739 | 0.757 | 11.6% |
# Dheran Young

Dheran Young is an Australian Labor politician who currently serves as MLA for Daly in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly, having won a by-election in September 2021. He is a Yaegl man, and formerly the Regional Development Manager for the Wadeye Football League. He currently serves as the 15th Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly.

## Political career

After the announcement of the 2021 Daly by-election, following the resignation of the sitting member, Young was declared as the Labor Party candidate for the seat. Before standing in the by-election, Young had served as an advisor to both chief minister Michael Gunner and attorney-general Selena Uibo. After the announcement of Young's candidacy, it was reported that he had allegedly sworn at and threatened Country Liberal MLA Joshua Burgoyne in February 2021. On 23 February 2021, Young apologised for his actions towards Burgoyne, although he denied using swear words.
Young won the by-election, becoming the first government candidate in Northern Territory electoral history to win a seat at a by-election previously held by the opposition.
# Court of Final Appeal

Court of Final Appeal may refer to:
* Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal, the court with the final adjudication power on the laws of Hong Kong.
* Court of Final Appeal (Macau), the court with the final adjudication power on the laws of Macau.
* Court of Final Appeal Building, the court building
# Thérèse Soukar Chehade

Thérèse Soukar Chehade is an American author. Her first book, Loom: a Novel, published in 2010 by Syracuse University Press, won the 2011 Arab American Book Award. Soukar Chehade lives in western Massachusetts, where she writes and teaches English.

## Early life and education

Thérèse Soukar Chehade was born and raised in Beirut, Lebanon. When she was 12 years old, the civil war broke out, and "for the next eight years she toggled between living the life of an ordinary teenager and hiding from bullets and bombs." In 1983, she moved from Lebanon to Massachusetts. There she enrolled at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where she obtained a Master of Fine Arts in English writing, studying with John Edgar Wideman, as well as a master's degree in English language education.

## Writing influences

Soukar Chehade's writing centers around the civilian experience of living in a war zone, fleeing from war, and having to start a new life from scratch in a new place. She credits Virginia Woolf's "To the Lighthouse" with inspiring her to write in her non-native English.

## Loom: A Novel
### Synopsis

Chehade's first novel, "Loom," portrays a Lebanese-American family, the Zaydans, struggling to reconcile generational differences and immigrant identity. On the evening of the arrival of a cousin, Eva, from Lebanon, the Zaydans are sequestered by a blizzard. Amidst the storm, the family matriarch, Emilie, struggles with English and prefers not to speak. Her eldest daughter, Josephine, still lives at home with her brother George's family and remembers the independence she had in Lebanon. George's daughter, Marie, longs to leave behind her conservative family and head off to Berkeley. With Eva stranded in the storm in New York, and tensions rising, Emilie braves the blizzard to deliver a meal to the mysterious neighbor the Zaydans have nicknamed "Loom," and the family is forced to leave the metaphorical and actual isolation of their home as they go after her.

### Influences

In the novel, Chehade draws heavily from her experiences growing up during the Lebanese Civil War as well as from her life as a young immigrant in New England. Her memories of the war helped to inform the character development of Eva and Salma.

### Reception

On release, Loom was recommended by Library Journal magazine, as part of its "Fall Firsts" purchase list. In Foreword Reviews, Jessica Henkle described the book as an entire story formed within a pause where what ensues over twenty-four hours is spellbinding, revealing a history of secrets and resentments, of undisclosed pain and unshakable love. Theri Alyce Pickens thought the book was a hauntingly beautiful read, where as the snow falls, the novel’s pace slows considerably to give room to the characters’ musings, but where this slowness is compensated for by Chehade’s outstanding skill in developing their memories, painting each with depth and sadness without making them tragic or depressing.

## Awards

* 2011 Arab American Book Award for Loom: a Novel