# Index of geology articles

This is a list of all articles related to geology – Scientific study of the composition, structure, and history of Earth that cannot be readily placed on the following subtopic pages:
* Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time
* List of chemical elements
* List of compounds – Set index article
* Lists of earthquakes
* Geology of the English counties – List of Wikipedia articles on the geology of English counties
* List of geologists – List of Wikipedia articles on notable geologists
* List of individual rocks
* Glossary of landforms – Links to Wikipedia articles on landforms
* List of minerals – List of minerals with Wikipedia articles
* List of minerals by optical properties
* List of oil fields – Some of the major oilfields of the past and present
* Outline of plate tectonics – Hierarchical outline list of articles related to plate tectonics
* List of rock types – List of rock types recognized by geologists
* List of tectonic plates
* Lists of volcanoes
* Top
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## A

* Asthenosphere – Highly viscous, ductile, and mechanically weak region of Earth's mantle
* Astrogeology – Geology of astronomical objects apparently in orbit around stellar objects
* Aulacogen – Failed arm of a triple junction, an inactive rift zone

## B

* Batholith – Large igneous rock intrusion
* Beach – Area of loose particles at the edge of the sea or other body of water
* Bolide – Extremely bright meteor

## C

* Calcium – chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
* Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs
* Cave – Natural void under the Earth's surface
* Cement – Hydraulic binder used in the composition of mortar and concrete
* Cementation – Process of chemical precipitation bonding sedimentary grains
* Cenozoic – Third era of the Phanerozoic Eon
* Coast – Area where land meets the sea or ocean
* Concretion – Compact mass formed by precipitation of mineral cement between particles
* Conglomerate – Sedimentary rock composed of smaller rock fragments
* Continent – Large geographical region identified by convention
* Convergent boundary – Region of active deformation between colliding tectonic plates
* Crag and tail – Geographic feature created by glaciation
* Crust – Outermost solid shell of astronomical bodies

## D

* Datum (geodesy) – Reference frame for measuring location
* Deposition – Geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass
* Diapir – Type of geologic intrusion
* Dike – A sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body
* Divergent boundary – Linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
* Drumlin – Elongated hill formed by glacial action

## E

* Earth science – Fields of natural science related to Earth
* Environmental engineering – Engineering discipline related to environmental science
* Environmental geography – Intersection of human and physical geography
* Eon – Subdivision of geological time; shorter than a supereon and longer than an era
* Epigenesis
* Epoch – Subdivision of geological time; shorter than a period and longer than an age
* Era – Subdivision of geological time; shorter than an eon and longer than a period
* Eustasy – Global sea level independent of local factors

## F

* Fahlband – Stratum in crystalline rock, containing metallic minerals
* Fall line – Meeting point of uplands and coastal plain
* Felsic – Igneous rock rich in silica and feldspar

## G

* Geologic age – Smallest hierarchical geochronologic unit
* Geologic fault – Fracture or discontinuity in displaced rock
* Geologic modelling – Applied science of creating computerized representations of portions of the Earth's crust
* Geologic period – Geologic time unit shorter than an era, longer than an epoch
* Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time
* Geological phenomenon
* Geologist – Scientist who studies geology
* Geology – Scientific study of the composition, structure, and history of Earth
* Geology of the Alps – The formation and structure of the European Alps
* Geomorphology – Scientific study of landforms
* Geostatistics – Branch of statistics focusing on spatial data sets
* Geyser – Natural explosive eruption of hot water
* Glacial period, also known as Glaciation – Interval of time within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances
* Graben – Depressed block of planetary crust bordered by parallel normal faults

## H

* Hadean – Geologic eon, 4567–4031 million years ago
* Horst (geology) – Raised fault block bounded by normal faults
* Hotspot (geology) – Volcanic region hotter than the surrounding mantle

## I

* Igneous rock – Rock formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava
* Integrated geography – Intersection of human and physical geography
* Isostasy – State of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust and mantle

## K

* Karst – Topography from dissolved soluble rocks

## L

* Laccolith – Mass of igneous rock formed from magma
* List of geologists – List of Wikipedia articles on notable geologists
* List of tectonic plates
* List of rock types – List of rock types recognized by geologists
* Lithosphere – Outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite
* Lithotope – Geological term

## M

* Mafic – Silicate mineral or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron
* Mantle (geology) – Layer inside a planet between core and crust
* Marine regression – Geologic event in which sea level falls relative to the land
* Mass wasting – Movement of rock or soil down slopes
* Matrix (geology) – Finer-grained material in a rock within which coarser material is embedded
* Metamorphic rock – Rock that was subjected to heat and pressure
* Meteorite – Solid debris from outer space that hits a planetary surface
* Mineral – Crystalline chemical element or compound formed by geologic processes
* Mining engineering – Engineering discipline
* Mudpot – Hot spring, or fumarole, with limited water
* Mud volcano – Landform created by the eruption of mud or slurries, water and gases

## O

* Orogeny – The formation of mountain ranges

## P

* Paleontology – Study of life before the Holocene epoch
* Pedology – Study of soils in their natural environment
* Permeability (materials science) – Measure of the ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it
* Petroleum engineering – Extracting crude oil and natural gas
* Phosphate – Anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid
* Piercement structure – Type of geologic intrusion
* Planetary geology – Geology of astronomical objects apparently in orbit around stellar objects
* Plate tectonics – Movement of Earth's lithosphere
* Porphyry (geology) – Movement of Earth's lithosphere
* Proterozoic – Geologic eon, 2500–539 million years ago

## R

* Regression (geology) – Geologic event in which sea level falls relative to the land
* Relative density – Ratio of two densities
* Rift – Geological linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart
* Rock (geology) – Naturally occurring mineral aggregate
* Rock strata – Layers of sediment, rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics
* Rodinia – Hypothetical Neoproterozoic supercontinent
* Rubidium–strontium dating – Radiometric dating technique for rocks and minerals

## S

* Sand – Granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles
* Sandstone – Type of sedimentary rock
* Sediment trap – Any topographic depression where sediments substantially accumulate over time
* Sedimentary rock – Rock formed by the deposition and cementation of particles
* Sequence stratigraphy – Study and analysis of groups of sedimentary deposits
* Silicate mineral – Rock-forming minerals with predominantly silicate anions
* Sill – Tabular intrusion between older layers of rock
* Stratigraphy – Study of rock layers and their formation
* Stratum – Layer of sediment, rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics
* Subduction – A geological process at convergent tectonic plate boundaries where one plate moves under the other

## T

* Tar pit – Asphalt pit or asphalt lake
* Tenham (meteorite) – Chondritic meteorite that fell in 1879 in a remote area of Queensland, Australia
* Timeline of geology – Chronological list of notable events in the history of the science of geology
* Transform fault – Plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal
* Transgression (geology) – Geologic event in which sea level rises relative to the land

## U

* Uniformitarianism – Assumption that the natural laws and processes of the universe are constant through time and space

## V

* Volcano – Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapes