OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hieronymus Lauweryn van Watervliet

Count Hieronymus Lauweryn van Watervliet, or Jerome Laurinus of Watervliet, (c. 1450 – 1 June 1509) was a courtier at the court of Philip the Handsome, (Lord of the Netherlands and Duke of Burgundy then briefly King of Castile) to whom Lauweryn was treasurer. He was also a courtier at the courts of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, and of Margaret of Austria.

## Biography
### Early life

Hieronymus Lauweryn van Watervliet was born around 1450 in Bruges to Bavo Lauweryn and his mistress Barbara Roels. After Bavo became a widower and married Roels, Hieronymus Lauweryn was legitimized.

### Career

He began his career in 1477 as a clerk to the general receiver of Flanders, just like his father. In 1486 he became castellany receiver of Bruges, and this position almost cost him his life when he was arrested two years later by the rebellious people of Bruges.
In 1499 he became treasurer-general of the domains and finances, reaching the highest peak of the financial bureaucracy, and in 1503, he was knighted by Philip IV of France.
Lauweryn was also councilor and steward of Maximilian of Austria and governor of the children of Philip IV (including Emperor Charles V).

#### Investments into Flemish land reclamation

As an investor, he focused on land reclamation in Flanders. Between 1497 and 1508 he founded the following polders:
* Saint Christopher Polder (1499)
* Jeronimuspolder (1501)
* Laurinpolder (1503)
* Sint-Annapolder (1505)
* Saint Barbara (1508)
* Philippine polder

### Death

He withdrew from his career due to poor health in 1508 and he died on 1 July 1509 in The Hague, with his final testament dated to 21 July 1509.

## Chasonnier

He is primarily remembered for having commissioned a chansonnier, which is named after him, around 1505/6 in Bruges. His chansonnier contains works by Alexander Agricola, Loyset Compère, Jean Mouton and Josquin. The songs are composed in various languages, comprising 36 French, and 25 Dutch, 14 Latin and 2 Italian works. Finally there is one Latin-French double-texted motet-chanson.
An edition of the chansonnier, with an introduction by W. McMurtry, was published by Alamire Music Publishers in 1989, and a selection of songs, including all Dutch songs, of the chansonnier recorded on 2 CDs by the Egidius Kwartet in 2007.

## Issue

He married twice. His first wife, Jacoba Peyaert (d.1502), was the daughter of Matthijs Peyaert. With her he had six children, including Matthias. He remarried Maria Strabant and they had three children.
His son Matthias Lauweryn, or Matthias Laurinus (d.1540), the second lord of Watervliet, was well known to Erasmus. He was responsible for the construction of the Church of Our Lady's Ascension in Watervliet.
# James Plunkett

James Plunkett Kelly, or James Plunkett (21 May 1920 – 28 May 2003), was an Irish writer. He was educated at Synge Street CBS.
Kelly grew up among the Dublin working class and they, along with the petty bourgeoisie and lower intelligentsia, make up the bulk of the characters in his works. His best-known works are the novel Strumpet City, set in Dublin in the years leading up to the lockout of 1913 and during the course of the strike, and the short stories in the collection The Trusting and the Maimed. His other works include a radio play on James Larkin, who figures prominently in his work.
During the 1960s, Plunkett worked as a producer at Telefís Éireann. He won two Jacob's Awards, in 1965 and 1969, for his TV productions. In 1971 he wrote and presented "Inis Fail - Isle of Destiny", his very personal appreciation of Ireland. It was the final episode of the BBC series "Bird's-Eye View", shot entirely from a helicopter, and the first co-production between the BBC and RTE.
He was a member of Aosdana.
A first-year class, "1 Plunkett" at Synge Street CBS, is named in honour of James Plunkett.

## Works
### Radio plays

* Dublin Fusilier (March 1952),
* Mercy (June 1953),
* Homecoming (April 1954),
* Big Jim (1955),
* Farewell Harper (1956).

### Novels

* Strumpet City (1969)
* Farewell Companions (1977)
* The Circus Animals (1990)

### Places

* The Gems She Wore (1972)

### Short story collections

* The Trusting and the Maimed (1955)
* Collected Short Stories
# Mumiksaa

Mumiksaa (Inuktitut syllabics: ᒧᒥᒃᓵ) formerly Frechette Island is a member of the Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. Located in Tasiujaq at the mouth of Tay Sound, it is a long and narrow island, approximately 1 km (0.62 mi) off the Baffin Island coast. Qimivvik lies to its north.
# Ardıçkaya

Ardıçkaya (formerly Nadire) is a village in Ermenek District, Karaman Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Its population is 955 (2022). It is situated in a high plateau of Taurus Mountains. The distance to Ermenek is 56 kilometres (35 mi) and to Karaman is 200 kilometres (120 mi). The name of the town refers to junipers around the village (Ardıçkaya means "juniper rock"). The old name of the village is Nadire.
# Christian Guiffroy

Christian Guiffroy (born 21 January 1941) is a French gymnast. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics, the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Fort Augustaborg

Fort Augustaborg was a Danish fort on the eastern Gold Coast in present-day Ghana, which was located about 15 km east of Fort Christiansborg near present-day Teshie.

## History

The fort was named for Princess Louise Augusta of Denmark, the fort was constructed in 1787 to combat attacks from the Portuguese Empire. It was also used as a post for the Atlantic slave trade. Five years later, Denmark was the first European nation to abolish the slave trade.
On 17 August 1850, the fort was one of five Danish forts purchased by Queen Victoria.
After the independence of Ghana in 1957, the fort became owned by the new administration. Along with 32 other forts and castles along Ghana’s coast, Fort Augusaborg is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

## Gallery

* Fort Augustaborg, built 1787.
* Ruins in 2016.
* Wall in 2016.
# Knute Johnsgaard

Knute Johnsgaard (born 5 December 1992 in Whitehorse, Yukon) is a Canadian cross-country skier. He competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 15 km  individual | 30 km  skiathlon | 50 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 10 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2018 | 26 | 69 | 62 | — | — | 9 | — |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 15 km  individual | 30 km  skiathlon | 50 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 10 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2017 | 25 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 53 | — | — |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | Nordic Opening | Tour de Ski | World Cup Final | Ski Tour Canada |
| 2013 | 21 | NC | NC | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 24 | 152 | NC | 101 | — | — | — | DNF |
| 2017 | 25 | NC | NC | NC | 72 | — | 53 | — |
| 2018 | 26 | NC | NC | NC | 81 | — | — | — |

#### Team podiums

* 1 podium – (1 RL)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place | Teammates |
| 1 | 2016–17 | 22 January 2017 | Ulricehamn, Sweden | 4 × 7.5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 3rd | Kershaw / Harvey / Väljas |
# The Greatest Jihad

Jihad al-Akbar (The Greatest Jihad) is a set of lectures created by Imam Khomeini in Najaf, which was published in 1991 by the institute for compilation and publication of Imam Khomeini's works.

## Etymology

Jihad in Islam means striving way of God.(al-jihad fi sabil Allah)
In the Islamic view, jihad is two types:
* External jihad ( physical jihad):
* Jihad (the help of God's religion) is with pen or tongue or sword.
* Inner jihad ( spiritual or jihad al-nafs ):
* Jihad al-nafs is against all evil, anger, lust, insatiable imagination and any other bad morality in humans.
Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam of Shiites, said: “The Muhammad dispatched a military unit to the battlefront for defense. Upon their (successful) return, he said to them "Blessed are the people who did the jihad al-Asghar" but yet jihad al-Akbar has remained. Practices of the Religion jihad al-nafs was called jihad al-Akbar and physical jihad was called jihad al-Asghar.

## Context

In this book, Imam Khomeini Orders to Persons and students and clerics who do Jihad al-nafs. "It is necessary that you purify yourself so that when you become a head of an institution or a community you purify them and in this way take a step to rectify and build a society". Find a good teacher and participate in ethics classes."The possibility of evil propagation and unclean hands intervening and portraying the phenomenon of having an ethical programme of rectifying one-self as unimportant eventually corrupts the hawza". In the thought of Imam Khomeini, human learns to Loss of worldly likings and self-giving to God. Imam says: People should not be proud of reaching a high position (scientific, material, political, etc).
# Psycho

Psycho may refer to:

## Mind

* Psychopath
* Sociopath
* Someone with a personality disorder
* Someone with a psychological disorder
** Someone with psychosis

## People with the nickname

* Karl Amoussou or Psycho, mixed martial artist
* Peter Ebdon or Psycho, English snooker player
* Steve Lyons (baseball) or Psycho, utility baseball player
* Jacob Noe or The Psycho, mixed martial artist
* Stuart Pearce or Psycho, English football player and manager
* Bull Pain or Psycho, American professional wrestler
* Psycho (wrestler), Japanese professional wrestler

### Fictional characters

* Krieg the Psycho, video game character in Borderlands 2
* Sgt. Michael "Psycho" Sykes, video game character in Crysis
* The Psycho, video game character in Until Dawn
* Psycho Weasel, film character in Who Framed Roger Rabbit

## Film

* Psycho (franchise), an American horror thriller film franchise based on the Bloch novel
** Psycho (1960 film), a film by Alfred Hitchcock
** Psycho (1998 film), a remake of the original film by Gus Van Sant starring Vince Vaughn
* Psycho (2008 film)
* Psycho (2013 film)
* Psycho (2020 film)

## Literature

* Psycho (novel), a 1959 book by Robert Bloch
* Psycho (brand), a Japanese visual novel studio
* PsychoPublishing, an imprint of the German group VDM Publishing

## Music

* Psycho Records a late 1970s UK record label
* The Psychos, a New York hardcore band
* Psycho (soundtrack), the soundtrack album to the 1998 remake of Psycho
* Psycho (album), an album by That's Outrageous!

### Songs

* "Psycho" (Anne-Marie and Aitch song)
* "Psycho" (Dixie D'Amelio song)
* "Psycho" (Lords of the Underground song)
* "Psycho" (Imelda May song)
* "Psycho" (Muse song)
* "Psycho" (Maisie Peters song)
* "Psycho" (Post Malone song)
* "Psycho" (Puddle of Mudd song)
* "Psycho" (Red Velvet song)
* "Psycho" (Hardy song)
* "Psycho", by Breaking Benjamin from Ember
* "Psycho", by Dave from Psychodrama
* "Psycho", by 50 Cent from Before I Self Destruct
* "Psycho", by iamnot from Whoami
* "Psycho", by Lower Class Brats
* "Psycho", by Leon Payne
* "Psycho", by Mia Rodriguez
* "Psycho", by Rebound!
* "Psycho", by Scooter from Back to the Heavyweight Jam
* "Psycho", by Soyeon, 2021
* "Psycho", by the Sonics
* "Psycho", by System of a Down from Toxicity
* "Psycho", by 12 Stones from Beneath the Scars

## Other uses

* Psychos (TV series), a British television drama broadcast in 1999
* Psycho Donuts, a donut store in Canada and Northern America
* Psychiatrist (game) or Psycho, a party game
* Psycho, a type of drug in the Fallout series of video games
# Hallie Erminie Rives

Hallie Erminie Rives (May 2, 1874 – August 16, 1956) was a best-selling popular novelist and wife of the American diplomat Post Wheeler.

## Biography

She was born on May 2, 1874, in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, the daughter of Stephen Turner Rives and Mary Ragsdale. Her father was from a prominent Virginia family. She was a distant cousin of the novelist and poet Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy. An author's biography in one of her books notes that her father, who had fought for the Confederacy during the American Civil War and spent two years in a Northern prison camp, had "made her his little comrade" when she was a child and she was an excellent rifle shot and a bareback rider who was called "the Rives' little wildcat" by outsiders. Her father allowed her to spend so much time outdoors because her mother had been an invalid in the years before she died.
Rives wrote her first novel at age eight, though her writing was not encouraged by her parents. Her first novel was published when she was eighteen. In her novels she addressed politics between the Northern and Southern United States, issues of race, and sex, causing great debate among critics. Among them was Smoking Flax (1897), a novel controversial even at the time, which takes a favorable position on lynching. The novel is about an African American man accused of raping and murdering a white woman who was lynched after the governor commuted his sentence to life. Many of her novels were bestsellers. Other books she wrote were better received by critics than Smoking Flax. Her novel, The Castaway, is noted for being the subject of a Supreme Court copyright case, Bobbs-Merrill v. Straus, in which the US Supreme Court recognized the first sale doctrine, permitting purchasers of copies of books to resell them without seeking permission from the copyright holder.
She married Wheeler in 1906 in Tokyo. A wedding announcement noted that Wheeler initially considered Rives "rather severe on men" in her books and she considered him "none too charitable concerning the faults of women" in his book Reflections of a Bachelor. They met at a reception in New York and began a friendship that eventually led to marriage. She accompanied him to posts across Europe, Asia and South America throughout his career in foreign service. She and her husband co-wrote Dome of Many-Coloured Glass in 1952 about their lives in the United States Foreign Service.
She died on August 16, 1956, in New York City, New York. Her widower died on Christmas Eve, December 23, 1956, at the Frances Convalescent Home in Neptune, New Jersey, just 4 months later.

## Works

* The Singing Wire and Other Stories (1892)
* A Fool in Spots (1894)
* Smoking Flax (1897)
* As the Hart Panteth (1898)
* A Furnace of Earth (1900)
* Hearts Courageous (1902)
* The Castaway (1904)
* In the Wake of War (1905)
* Satan Sanderson (1907), adapted to film
* The Kingdom of Slender Swords (1910)
* The Valiants of Virginia (1912)
* Tales from Dickens (1917)
* The Long Lane's Turning (1917)
* The Complete Book of Etiquette (1926)
* The Magic Man (1927)
* The Golden Barrier (1934)
* The John Book (1947)
* Dome of Many Coloured Glass (1952)
# Southern celestial hemisphere

The southern celestial hemisphere, also called the Southern Sky, is the southern half of the celestial sphere; that is, it lies south of the celestial equator. This arbitrary sphere, on which seemingly fixed stars form constellations, appears to rotate westward around a polar axis as the Earth rotates.
At all times, the entire Southern Sky is visible from the geographic South Pole; less of the Southern Sky is visible the further north the observer is located. The northern counterpart is the northern celestial hemisphere.

## Astronomy

In the context of astronomical discussions or writing about celestial mapping, it may also simply then be referred to as the Southern Hemisphere.
For the purpose of celestial mapping, the sky is considered by astronomers as the inside of a sphere divided in two halves by the celestial equator. The Southern Sky or Southern Hemisphere is, therefore, that half of the celestial sphere that is south of the celestial equator. Even if this one is the ideal projection of the terrestrial equatorial onto the imaginary celestial sphere, the Northern and Southern celestial hemispheres should not be confused with descriptions of the terrestrial hemispheres of Earth itself.

## Observation

From the South Pole, in good visibility conditions, the Southern Sky features over 2,000 fixed stars that are easily visible to the naked eye, while about 20,000 to 40,000 with the aided eye. In large cities, about 300 to 500 stars can be seen depending on the extent of light and air pollution. The farther north, the fewer are visible to the observer.
The brightest star in the night sky is located in the southern celestial hemisphere and is larger than the Sun. Sirius in the constellation of Canis Major has the brightest apparent magnitude of −1.46; it has a radius twice that of the Sun and is 8.6 light-years away. Canopus and the next fixed star α Centauri, 4.2 light-years away, are also located in the Southern Sky, having declinations around −60°; too close to the south celestial pole for either to be visible from Central Europe.
Of the 88 modern constellations, 45 are only visible from the Southern celestial hemisphere with 15 other constellations along the equator and have portions on the northern hemisphere. The southern constellations are:
* Antlia
* Apus
* Aquarius
* Aquila
* Ara
* Caelum
* Canis Major
* Canis Minor
* Capricornus
* Carina
* Centaurus
* Cetus
* Chamaeleon
* Circinus
* Columba
* Corona Australis
* Corvus
* Crater
* Crux
* Dorado
* Eridanus
* Fornax
* Grus
* Horologium
* Hydra
* Hydrus
* Indus
* Leo
* Lepus
* Libra
* Lupus
* Mensa
* Monoceros
* Microscopium
* Musca
* Norma
* Octans
* Ophiuchus
* Orion
* Pavo
* Phoenix
* Pictor
* Pisces
* Piscis Austrinus
* Puppis
* Pyxis
* Reticulum
* Sagittarius
* Scorpius
* Sculptor
* Scutum
* Serpens
* Sextans
* Taurus
* Telescopium
* Triangulum Australe
* Tucana
* Vela
* Virgo
* Volans

## History

The first telescopic chart of the Southern Sky was made by the English astronomer Edmond Halley, from the island of St Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean and published by him in 1678.
# Embassy of Turkey, Rome

The Embassy of Turkey in Rome (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Roma Büyükelçiliği) is Turkey's diplomatic mission to Italy. It is located at Via Palestro, 28, Rome. The current ambassador is Ömer Gücük.
The Turkish Embassy in Italy is a diplomatic mission representing the interests of the Turkish government in Italy. It provides a wide range of consular services to both Turkish and local citizens.
The Turkish Embassy in Rome supports Italian citizens if they need general or specific information about the Turkish economy, culture, sports, education and much more, need information about the requirements and process of obtaining Turkish citizenship, specific contacts and information in Turkey or they want to apply for a Turkish visa.
# Reder

Reder is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernard Reder (1887–1964), artist from Czernowitz, Bukovina
* Kristiaan Reuder or Christian Reder (1656 – 1729), German painter
* Deanna Reder, Canadian academic
* Gigi Reder born Luigi Schroeder; (1928 – 1998), Italian actor
* Hedwig Reder maiden name of Hedwig Kettler (1851 – 1937), German women's rights activist
* Johnny Reder (1909–1990), Polish-American sportsman
* József Réder (1951 – 2008), Hungarian boxer
* Peter Reder (born 1960), British artist
* Rudolf Reder a.k.a. Roman Robak (1881 – 1977), concentration camp survivor
* Walter Reder (1915–1991), German SS officer
# Bruce Wolfe

Bruce Wolfe (1941 – December 27, 2023) was an American sculptor, artist, illustrator, and designer, known for producing sculptures of and for many notable figures. The San Francisco Chronicle described him as "the top sculptor for hire in the Bay Area, and maybe the nation". Within his forty-year career he created sculptures and busts of Barbara Jordan, Margaret Thatcher, former mayor Ilus W. Davis of Kansas City, former Secretary of State George Shultz, Norman Shumway, and former Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist. Wolfe resided in Northern California for most of his life. He studied art at the San Jose State University and the San Francisco Art Institute. He taught painting and sculpture, at the Academy of Art in San Francisco, and the College of Arts and Crafts in Oakland California.
He was also credited with creating a theatrical poster for Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.
His work has been exhibited across New York, California, Paris, and at the Smithsonian. His awards include a CLIO, Endowment of Arts Federal Achievement Award, First Place at the Art of the Portrait Conference 2001, a Joseph Henniger Award, Zellerbach and Foster & Kleiser Awards.
# Adriano Durante

Adriano Durante (24 July 1940 – 23 June 2009) was an Italian professional road bicycle racer.

## Major results
### 1963

    Giro del Lazio
    Giro del Piemonte
    Milano–Vignola
    Giro di Campania
    Giro d'Italia:
       Winner stage 8

### 1964

    Giro della Romagna

### 1965

    Col San Martino
    Coppa Bernocchi
    Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria
    Giro d'Italia:
       Winner stages 4 and 9
    Tour de France:
       Winner stage 13

### 1966

    Milano–Vignola

### 1967

    Aiello del Friuli

### 1968

    Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato

### 1970

    Milano–Vignola
# Adriano Pella

Adriano Pella (30 November 1945 – 27 May 2013) was an Italian racing cyclist. He rode in the 1971 Tour de France as well as in six editions of the Giro d'Italia.

## Major results
### 1970

    1st Stage 8a Paris–Nice
    7th Trofeo Baracchi (with Celestino Vercelli)
    8th Trofeo Matteotti
    9th Giro di Toscana

### 1971

    5th Trofeo Matteotti

### 1974

    6th Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
    10th Giro del Friuli

### 1975

    4th Coppa Sabatini
    7th Trofeo Matteotti

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 |
| Giro d'Italia | DNF | — | — | 67 | 38 | 30 | 51 | 106 |
| Tour de France | — | 78 | — | — | — | — | 55 | — |
| Vuelta a España | DNF | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
# Andrea Ferrari (sailor)

Andrea Ferrari (16 September 1915 – 24 February 2011) was an Italian sailor who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Angelo Vanzin

Angelo Vanzin (8 February 1932 – 22 May 2018) was an Italian competition rower and Olympic champion. He won a gold medal in the coxed four event at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, together with Romano Sgheiz, Alberto Winkler, Franco Trincavelli and Ivo Stefanoni.
# Antonio Albanese (fencer)

Antonio Albanese (5 December 1937 – 16 June 2013) was an Italian fencer. He competed in the team épée event at the 1968 Summer Olympics and finished in sixth place.
# Lobster (disambiguation)

A lobster is a clawed marine crustacean in the family Nephropidae.
Lobster or Lobsters may also refer to:

## Other crustaceans

* Furry lobster
* Slipper lobster
* Spiny lobster
* Squat lobster

## Entertainment

* Lobster (novel), an erotic novel by Guillaume Lecasble
* The Lobster, a 2015 science fiction movie
* Lobsters (film), a 1936 British documentary
* Lobster (magazine), a British parapolitics publication
* Lobster Johnson, a Dark Horse Comics character who appears in Hellboy and his own series
* Lobster Random, a 2000 AD character
* "Lobsters", a short story by Charles Stross, subsequently incorporated into his novel Accelerando

## Other uses

* Lobster clasp, a type of jewelry fastener
* Lobster mushroom, an edible North American mushroom resembling lobster meat
* Lobster graph in graph theory
* A historical derogatory term for British soldiers
* Lobster Lake, a lake in Minnesota
* LOBSTER, a network monitoring system
* Australian twenty-dollar note, as a slang term
* Red Lobster (disambiguation)
# Antonio Persico

Antonio Augusto Persico (29 December 1895 – 31 March 1967) was an Italian long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1920 Summer Olympics but did not finish the race. His personal best in marathon race is 2:44:36 established in 1920. His athletic club was SS Mazzini Roma.
# Antonio Spallino

Antonio Spallino (1 April 1925 – 28 September 2017) was an Italian fencer. He won a gold, silver and bronze medal at two Olympic Games. He competed at the 1951 Mediterranean Games where he won a gold medal in the team foil event. Spallino was President of Panathlon International from 1988 to 1996. He was mayor of Como from 1970 to 1985.