OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Quartet Movement in F major, B.120 (Dvořák)

The Quartet Movement in F major, B. 120, is the first movement of a planned string quartet in F major by Antonín Dvořák composed in early October 1881 to fulfill a commission from the Hellmesberger Quartet and abandoned in favour of the String Quartet No. 11 in C major, Op. 61, B. 121.

## Background

In October 1881, Dvořák was working on his new opera Dimitrij, when it was announced in a Viennese newspaper that the Hellmesberger Quartet was going to premiere a new Dvořák string quartet on 15 December 1881.
Deciding to temporarily abandon work on the opera to concentrate on the quartet, Dvořák completed the first movement in three days before abandoning the quartet around 10 October 1881 and starting again, this time in the key of C major on 25 October 1881. It is unclear why this happened; Terry Barfoot speculates that Dvořák felt the completed movement lacked tension. Geijtenbeek claims that Dvořák believed at the time that it was impossible to write a quartet in F major (Dvořák was to later write his 12th String Quartet in the same key). Writing in The Cambridge Companion to the String Quartet Jan Smaczny states that the completed movement is inferior to the C major quartet Dvořák completed.
The Quartet Movement was premiered by the Ondřiček Quartet during a concert broadcast on Radio Prague in 1945. Šourek stated that the first publication of the movement was by Hudební Matice of Prague in 1949. Anderson in his liner notes to the Naxos recording states that the year of first publication was 1951.

## Structure

The composition consists of a single movement marked, Allegro vivace and lasts around 9+1⁄2 minutes in performance.
# Sadammo

The Sadammo (also Caitsodammo, Sadamon, Sadujam, Sadamona, Sadujames) were a Native American tribe, possibly Apache, living in the region of present-day Texas.
The term appears in documents from the 17th and 18th centuries, which describe the Sadammo as enemies of the Hasinai and Kadohadacho, and allies of the Nadamins. The Sadammo are most often considered to be Apache, but some writers have identified them with the Toyals, Nadamins, or Tayos.
17th-century documents describe the Sadammo as a numerous people, living in houses covered with buffalo hide. They owned horses, mules, and iron tools.
# Epicrocis piliferella

Epicrocis piliferella is a species of snout moth in the genus Epicrocis. It was described by Ragonot in 1888. It is found in South Africa.
# Ashmont, Alberta

Ashmont is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within the County of St. Paul No. 19. It is located near the intersection of Highway 28 and Highway 36, approximately 33 kilometres (21 mi) northwest of the Town of St. Paul. It has an elevation is 2,073 feet (632 m).
Ashmont is surrounded by numerous lakes, such as Upper Mann Lake, Batty Lake, Lottie Lake, Floatingstone Lake and Garner Lake. Many provincial recreation areas are established on the shores of these lakes.
A first settler named the community after his native home in Ashmont, Boston. Ashmont began as a farming community in the early part of the 20th century. At its peak in the 1960s it boasted a grain elevator, four general stores, a pool hall, Legion Hall, two gas stations and a school. As is typical of many small rural communities it has fallen on hard times. Only one store remains, kept alive by the local lake communities and a relatively large school (K to 12).

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Ashmont had a population of 125 living in 51 of its 59 total private dwellings, a change of -6% from its 2016 population of 133. With a land area of 1.11 km$^2$ (0.43 sq mi), it had a population density of 112.6/km$^2$ (291.7/sq mi) in 2021.
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Ashmont had a population of 133 living in 47 of its 65 total private dwellings, a change of -29.3% from its 2011 population of 188. With a land area of 1.11 km$^2$ (0.43 sq mi), it had a population density of 119.8/km$^2$ (310.3/sq mi) in 2016.
# Epicrocis poliochyta

Epicrocis poliochyta is a species of snout moth in the genus Epicrocis. It was described by Turner in 1924, and is known from Australia.
# Indonesian 200-rupiah coin

The Indonesian two hundred rupiah coin (Rp200) is a coin of the Indonesian rupiah. It was first introduced in 2003 and was revised in its current form on December 19, 2016.

## First issue (2003)

The Rp200 coin was first introduced on November 3, 2003. It weighs 2.38 g (0.084 oz), is 2.3 mm (0.091 in) wide, and has a 25 mm (0.98 in) diameter. Its obverse features the national emblem Garuda Pancasila and the lettering "2003" and "BANK INDONESIA," while its reverse features an image of the Bali mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi) as well as the lettering "JALAK BALI" (BALI MYNAH) and "200 RUPIAH."

## Second issue (2016)

The coin was updated on December 19, 2016 to its current form, with its obverse now depicting Dr. Tjiptomangunkusumo as well as the national emblem Garuda Pancasila and the lettering "REPUBLIK INDONESIA" and "Dr. TJIPTOMANGUNKUSUMO." Meanwhile, its reverse depicts the lettering "BANK INDONESIA" "200 RUPIAH," and "2016." These coins weigh 2.38 g (0.084 oz), are 2 mm (0.079 in) wide, and have a 25 mm (0.98 in)diameter.

## Non-circulating commemorative coin (1970)

Alongside the two circulating variants, the Bank of Indonesia also minted a non-circulating silver coin of this value in 1970. It weighs 8 g (0.28 oz) and has a diameter of 26 mm (1.0 in). Its obverse features the national emblem Garuda Pancasila, the lettering "1945-1970," "1970," and "200 RUPIAH," and the Bank's logo. Meanwhile, its reverse depicts the greater bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea apoda) and the lettering "25 TAHUN KEMERDEKAAN" (25 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE) and "REPUBLIK INDONESIA."
# Rectilinear propagation

Rectilinear propagation describes the tendency of electromagnetic waves (light) to travel in a straight line. Light does not deviate when travelling through a homogeneous medium, which has the same refractive index throughout; otherwise, light experiences refraction. Even though a wave front may be bent, (e.g. the waves created by a rock hitting a pond) the individual rays are moving in straight lines. Rectilinear propagation was discovered by Pierre de Fermat.
Rectilinear propagation is only an approximation. The rectilinear approximation is only valid for short distances, in reality light is a wave and have a tendency to spread out over time. The distances for which the approximation is valid depends on the wavelength and the setting being considered. For everyday usages, it remains valid as long as the refractive index in the medium is constant.
The more general theory for how light behaves is described by Maxwell's equations.

## Proof

Take three cardboard A, B and C, of the same size. Make a pin hole at the centre of each of three cardboard. Place the cardboard in the upright position, such that the holes in A, B and C are in the same straight line, in the order. Place a luminous source like a candle near the cardboard A and look through the hole in the cardboard C. We can see the candle flame. This implies that light rays travel along a straight line ABC, and hence, candle flame is visible. When one of the cardboard is slightly displaced, candle light would not be visible. It means that the light emitted by the candle is unable to bend and reach observers eye. This proves that light travels along a straight path, as well proving the rectilinear propagation of light.
# Yunesitʼin

The 'Yunesitʼin are a First Nations people in the Chilcotin District of the Canadian province of British Columbia. They are a subgroup of the Tsilhqotʼin people and reside around the community of Hanceville, an unincorporated settlement and Indian Reserve community on Highway 20 in the Chilcotin region.
Their band government is called the Stone First Nation.
# Catholic District School Board of Eastern Ontario

The Catholic District School Board of Eastern Ontario administers Catholic education for children up to grade 12, in the easternmost counties of Ontario, Canada (an amalgamation of Lanark, Leeds and Grenville, Prescott and Russell, Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry) including the cities of Brockville, Clarence-Rockland, Carleton Place and Cornwall. There are elections for Trustees held periodically.
Additionally, Ahkwesasne Mohawk Board of Education (AMBE), which operates schools on the Canadian portion of Akwesasne, has a tuition agreement to send high school students to this district.

## Schools

It has 28 elementary schools and the following ten high schools:
| School Name | Community |
| Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School | Cornwall |
| Notre Dame Catholic High School | Carleton Place |
| St. Francis Xavier Catholic High School | Hammond |
| St. John Catholic High School | Perth |
| St. Joseph's Catholic Secondary School | Cornwall |
| St. Luke Catholic High School | Smiths Falls |
| St. Mary Catholic High School | Brockville |
| St. Matthew Catholic Learning Centre | Cornwall |
| St. Michael Catholic High School | Kemptville |
| St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic High School | Russell |
# Syntrophomonas

Syntrophomonas is a bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophomonadaceae.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
| 16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 |
| S. erecta Zhang, Liu & 2005 S. curvata Zhang, Liu & Dong 2004 S. sapovorans Roy et al. 1987 S. palmitatica Hatamoto et al. 2007 S. wolfei McInerney et al. 1982 "S. bryantii" (Stieb & Schink 1985) Wu , Liu & Dong 2006 Pelospora glutarica S. zehnderi Sousa et al. 2007 S. cellicola Wu, Liu & Dong 2006 "S. saponavida" (Lorowitz, Zhao & Bryant 1989) Wu, Dong & Liu 2007 | Syntrophomonas zehnderi "Ca. Syntrophocurvum" Thermosyntropha Syntrophomonas S. palmitatica S. wolfei S. methylbutyratica |
# NetDragon Websoft

NetDragon Websoft is a Chinese company that develops and operates massively multiplayer online games in addition to making mobile applications. The company debuted its first product in 2002.
Some self-developed games it operates in China are based on Western IP, such as properties of Disney, Electronic Arts, and Ubisoft. Other games based on its own IP are distributed in CIS nations, the Middle East, North Africa, Portugal, Russia, and Vietnam, etc. Some games are also available in English.
Prior to selling this side of the business to Baidu, the company created a mobile phone app store stocked with self-created games and applications. NetDragon had differentiated itself by eschewing selling apps through the distribution channels of others, instead creating its own; in essence making consumers download a separate app to download their apps, allowing them exposure to other Netdragon offerings in the process.
The company headquarters, completed in 2014, garnered media attention for being inspired by Star Trek.

## Education

NetDragon Websoft started getting involved in education in 2010 with the aims to develop "the largest learning community globally."
NetDragon has made several acquisitions regarding education and community, amongst which are included:
* A partnership with the University of North Texas to launch the UNT-NetDragon Digital Research Centre.
* Edmodo was acquired by NetDragon on April 8, 2018.
* On July 3, 2017, NetDragon announced that it had acquired American educational software publisher JumpStart Games.
* NetDragon also acquired a 100 percent stake in the UK-listed Promethean World back in 2015.

## Sale of 91 Wireless

NetDragon sold its app store, 91 Wireless, to Baidu in 2013 for $1.85 billion. At that time, the sale was hailed as the biggest deal ever in China's IT sector. As the company controlled less than 58% of 91 Wireless, Netdragon took an estimated $1.06 billion from the sale.
The mobile applications available through this store, many of which are "91" branded, are quite disparate and include more than mobile games – running the gamut from fortune telling to wealth management.

## CSR

The company sponsors the Fujian NetDragon Youth Business Foundation, which helps entrepreneurial youth to start a small business.
# Scrobipalpomima fugitiva

Scrobipalpomima fugitiva is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1989. It is found in Argentina.
# Scrobipalpomima karsholti

Scrobipalpomima karsholti is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1985. It is found in Argentina.
# Scrobipalpomima neuquenensis

Scrobipalpomima neuquenensis is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1985. It is found in Argentina.
# Jaypee University, Anoopshahr

Jaypee University is a private university located in Anoopshahr, Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh.It is part of the Jaypee Group.It has been established under UP act no 8 of 2014.
# Scrobipalpomima obtusa

Scrobipalpomima obtusa is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1989. It is found in Argentina.
# Connecticut pound

The pound was the currency of Connecticut until 1793. Initially, sterling coin circulated along with foreign currencies. This was supplemented by local paper money from 1709. Although the local currency was denominated in £sd, it was worth less than sterling, with 1 Connecticut shilling = 9 pence sterling. This rated the Spanish dollar at 6 Connecticut shillings (compared to 4 shillings 6 pence sterling). The first issue of notes is known as the "Old Tenor" issue.
Due to over issue, the value of the Old Tenor notes fell relative to silver coins. In 1740, a second series of paper money was introduced, known as the "New Tenor" issue. These were worth 3½ times as much as the same denomination of Old Tenor notes. A further issue of 1755, known as "Lawful Money", replaced the Old and New Tenor issues at the rates of 1 Lawful Money shilling = 2.1 New Tenor shillings = 7.33 Old Tenor shillings.
The State of Connecticut issued Continental currency denominated in both £sd and Spanish dollars, with 1 Spanish dollar = 6 shillings. The Continental currency was replaced by the U.S. dollar at the rate of 1000 Continental dollars = 1 U.S. dollar.
# Delaware pound

The pound was the currency of Delaware until 1793. Initially, sterling coin circulated along with foreign currencies. This was supplemented by local paper money from 1723. Although the local currency was denominated in £sd, it was worth less than sterling, with 1 Delaware shilling = 9 pence sterling.
The State of Delaware issued Continental currency denominated in £sd and Spanish dollars, with the dollar equal to 7 shillings and 6 pence. The Continental currency was replaced by the U.S. dollar at the rate of 1000 continental dollars = 1 U.S. dollar.
# Guadeloupe livre

The livre was the currency of Guadeloupe until 1816. It was subdivided into 20 sous, each of 12 deniers, with the escalin worth 15 sous. The Guadeloupe livre was a French colonial currency, distinguished by the use, in part, of Spanish coins.

## History

Initially, the French livre circulated. This was supplemented by overstamped and cut coins in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, especially between 1811 and 1816 when Guadeloupe was occupied by Britain. The French franc replaced the livre after French control was re-established, with the Guadeloupe franc issued from 1848.

## Coins

In 1793, French 12 deniers coins were overstamped with the letters "RF" and circulated for 3 sous 9 deniers (1⁄4 escalin). In 1802, 1 and 4 escalins coins were produced by cutting Spanish dollars into a central, octagonal part for the 4 escalins coins and eight outer sections for the 1 escalin coins. Both were stamped with "RF" and the 4 escalins were also stamped "4E".
In 1811, a number of different denominations were issued, all of which were stamped with a crowned letter "G". 10 sous coins were produced from Spanish and Spanish colonial 1⁄2 real, British 3 pence and French 1⁄20 écu. 20 sous coins were produced from 1 real, 12 sous and 6 pence coins, and central plugs cut from Spanish dollars. 40 sous coins were produced from 1⁄3 écu, 24 sous and 1 shilling coins. 9 livres coins were produced from Spanish dollars from which a central plug (used to make 20 sous coins) had been cut. Brazilian 6,400 réis were overstamped with the crowned "G" and "82.10" to produce 82 livres 10 sous coins. In 1813, 2 livres 5 sous coins were produced from quarter segments of Spanish dollars.
# Libra jaquesa

The libra jaquesa or Jaca pound was a type of coin that was used in the Kingdom of Aragon from the 11th and 12th centuries until after 1800 as a unit of account. It was not minted but instead served as a reference for the value of minted coins. Its value was equivalent to 20 sueldos jaqueses [es] or 320 dineros. Its name originates from the Aragonese city of Jaca.
The one-pound silver unit of mass was subdivided into 240 silver pieces, also called dineros. The sueldo was a gold coin of the same weight as a silver piece. Since gold and silver maintained until the modern era a ratio of 12:1, each sueldo was equivalent to 12 dinero units, and the silver pound was equivalent to 20 sueldos. One of the most commonly circulated coins was the pieza, which was worth eight sueldos, and another was the peseta, equivalent to seven sueldos or, interchangeably, a week's salary of a manual laborer.
# Lombardo-Venetian lira

The lira austriaca (or lira; plural: lire) was the currency of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia.

## History

The lira was made of 4.33 grams of silver (with 9/10 of purity). Six lire were equal to the scudo which was equivalent to the Austrian Conventionsthaler, hence they had no relation to the former currencies the Venetian lira and the Milanese scudo. The lira was divided into 100 centesimi (cents). Coins were minted in Milan, Venice and Vienna.
Due to the heavy consequences of the war, Austria was not able to immediately produce the new currency when it took possession of the territory in 1814. Hence the Napoleonic Italian lira continued to be a legal tender for eight years after the fall of its inventor. The first issue of the Austrian currency was possible only in 1822. The new lire had a lower value than their French-Italian predecessors, which weighed 5 grams.
During the revolutions of 1848, the Lombard Provisional Government briefly suspended the production of the lira and minted instead a special 5 Italian lire coin. After the revolutions and the restoration of the Austrian monetary standard, copper coins were reduced in weight. For political purposes the name on these coins (the most popular in circulation) was changed from Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia to the Austrian Empire.
When metropolitan Austria decimalized in 1857, the change did not immediately affect the Kingdom, where old lira austriaca were minted again in 1858. Only in 1862, after the loss of Lombardy to the newborn Italian State, did the remaining part of the Austrian territories adopt the general coinage of the Empire. The Lombardo-Venetian florin (equal to the Austro-Hungarian florin) became the basic unit of currency, and was divided in 100 soldi; only subunits were specifically produced for the Venetian province. Curiously on these coins, the word Lombardy–Venetia re-appeared, as a sign of revanchism for the lost Lombardy.

## Coins
### Copper coins

* 1 centesimo
** Weight: 1.75 grams
** Type 1852: 1.09 grams
* 3 centesimi
** Weight: 5.25 grams
** Type 1852: 3.28 grams
* 5 centesimi
** Weight: 8.75 grams
** Type 1852: 5.47 grams
* 10 centesimi
** Sole issue: 1852
** Type 1852: 10.94 grams
* 15 centesimi
** Sole issue: 1852
** Type 1852: 16.04 grams

### Silver coins

* 1⁄4 lira
** Value: 25 cents
** Purity: 6/10
** Weight: 1.62 grams
* 1⁄2 lira
** Purity: 9/10
** Weight: 2.17 grams
* 1 lira austriaca
** Purity: 9/10
** Weight: 4.33 grams
* 1 fiorino
** Value: £3
** Purity: 9/10
** Weight: 12.99 grams
* 1 scudo
** Value: £6
** Purity: 9/10
** Weight: 25.99 grams

### Gold coins

* 1⁄2 sovrano
** Value: £20
** Purity: 9/10
** Weight: 5.67 grams
* 1 sovrano
** Value: £40
** Purity: 9/10
** Weight: 11.33 grams
# Armida Quartet

The Armida Quartet, named after the eponymous opera by Joseph Haydn, is a German string quartet. The ensemble includes Martin Funda (violin), Johanna Staemmler (violin), Teresa Schwamm (viola) and Peter-Philipp Staemmler (violoncello).

## History

The quartet was founded in Berlin in 2006 and studied with members of the Artemis Quartet. They attended Master classes with the Alban Berg Quartet, the Guarneri Quartet and Arditti Quartet.
The four musicians became known through their success at the ARD International Music Competition in 2012, where the Armida Quartet was awarded 1st prize, the audience prize and six other special prizes. In September 2014, the quartet was included in the BBC series "New Generation Artists." In the 2016/2017 season, the quartet participated at the "Rising Stars" series of the European Concert Halls (ECHO).
The Armida Quartet has also performed at the Schleswig-Holstein Music Festival, the Rheingau Musik Festival, the Festspiele Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [de], the Davos Festival and the Heidelberger Frühling. In 2014, the quartet also made its first concert tour to China, Taiwan and Singapore.
Violinist Martin Funda has been teaching chamber music at the Berlin University of the Arts, University of Music Franz Liszt Weimar and State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart.

## Awards

In 2011, the Armida Quartet won the first prize and the audience prize at the Geneva International Music Competition. Before that, the ensemble received various scholarships, including from the Irene Steels-Wilsing Foundation and the Schierse Foundation Berlin. In 2013, the quartet's debut CD with works by Béla Bartók, György Ligeti and György Kurtág was released and shortly afterwards was included in the best list of the Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik.

## Recording

* 2013: Ursula Mamlok: Streichquartett Nr. 1 (1962) (Naxos)
* 2013: Bartók – Kurtág – Ligeti (CAvi)
* 2015: Dvořák – Scharwenka (with Ewa Kupiec, Randall Meyers)
* 2015: Mozart (CAvi Music), Opus Klassik
* 2016: Beethoven – Shostakovich (CAvi Music)
* 2023: Klarinettenquintette Reger – Senfter (with Kilian Herold [de]) (DG)
# South Carolina pound

The pound was the currency of South Carolina until 1793. Initially, sterling coin circulated, supplemented from 1703 by local paper money. Although these notes were denominated in £sd, they were worth less than sterling, with 1 South Carolina shilling = 8d sterling. The first issues were known as "Proclamation Money". They were replaced by the "Lawful Money" issue in 1748, with 1 Lawful shilling = 4+2⁄3 Proclamation shillings.
The State of South Carolina issued Continental currency denominated in £sd and Spanish dollars with 1 dollar = 32+1⁄2 shillings (8 dollars = 13 pounds). The continental currency was replaced by the U.S. dollar at a rate of 1000 continental dollars = 1 U.S. dollar. (See hyperinflation.)