OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-3012

German submarine U-3012 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 26 August 1944 at AG Weser, Bremen, as yard number 1171. She was launched on 18 October 1944, and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Friedrich Kloevekorn on 4 December 1944.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3012 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3012 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Service history and fate

U-3012 was commissioned on 4 December 1944 and was assigned to the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin for working up and training. She had not completed this and had carried out no war patrols before being forced to flee the advancing Red Army. U-3012 was caught on 3 May 1945 east of Fehmarn by aircraft of the 9th USAAF's XXIX TAC. and sunk by rocket fire.
# Karine Auclair

Karine Auclair is a Canadian professor of chemistry at McGill University in Montréal, Canada. She is the current Canada Research Chair in Antimicrobials and Green Enzymes.

## Education and career

Karine Auclair was raised in Jonquière, Québec. In 1994, Auclair completed an honor's Bachelor of Science in chemistry at Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in organic chemistry at the University of Alberta in 1999 with Professor John C. Vederas She then completed a post-doctoral fellowship in pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of California, San Francisco from 1999 to 2001.
During her post graduate studies with the research group of Ortiz de Montellano, she studied two families of heme proteins using varied techniques that included cloning, mutagenesis, and spectroscopy. Working with researchers at the University of California, Davis, she collaborated in the elucidation of the human HO-1 structures by NMR. She also prepared fusion proteins of human HO-1 with P450 reductase and with glutathione-S-transferase.
In 2002, Auclair returned to McGill University to begin her teaching career as an assistant professor of chemistry. She was named a full professor in 2016 and directs activities at the Auclair Laboratory.

### Memberships

Since 2023, she has served as a member of the Board of Directors at the French biochemistry company Carbios.

## Selected publications

* Kennedy, Jonathan; Auclair, Karine; Kendrew, Steven G.; Park, Cheonseok; Vederas, John C.; Hutchinson, C. Richard (21 May 1999). "Modulation of Polyketide Synthase Activity by Accessory Proteins During Lovastatin Biosynthesis". Science. 284 (5418): 1368–1372. Bibcode:1999Sci...284.1368K. doi:10.1126/science.284.5418.1368. PMID 10334994.
* Auclair, Karine; Sutherland, Andrew; Kennedy, Jonathan; Witter, David J.; Van den Heever, Johan P.; Hutchinson, C. Richard; Vederas, John C. (22 November 2000). "Lovastatin Nonaketide Synthase Catalyzes an Intramolecular Diels−Alder Reaction of a Substrate Analogue". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 122 (46): 11519–11520. doi:10.1021/ja003216+.
* Auclair, Karine; Hu, Zhengbo; Little, Dorothy M.; Ortiz de Montellano, Paul R.; Groves, John T. (May 2002). "Revisiting the Mechanism of P450 Enzymes with the Radical Clocks Norcarane and Spiro[2,5]octane". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 124 (21): 6020–6027. doi:10.1021/ja025608h. PMID 12022835.
# Herongate

Herongate is a village in south Essex, England. The village is situated on the A128 road between Brentwood and West Horndon. The population of the village is listed in the civil parish of Herongate and Ingrave.

## History

Herongate goes back to the Saxon period, The Anglo-Saxon and medieval settlements were devoted to arable and livestock farming. Herongate was part of the parish of East Horndon; the tradition that the name derived from a heronry there is apocryphal, and it probably derives from the Heron family who held Heron Hall into the fourteenth century.
The manor is mentioned in 1232 as 'Fyndegod(s)hurne' and in 1379 as 'Herne'. By the late 14th century it was owned by Sir William Heron, who left the manor on his death to his daughter Margaret who was married to James Tyrell. The manor continued to be held by the Tyrells, an important Essex family, until at least the late 17th century. In the 16th century the messuage (estate) is recorded as including "100 acres of arable, 200 acres of pasture, 60 of wood and 40 of meadow".
The Heron family held Heron Hall until it was taken over by the Tyrells, as a result of marriage, and the Tyrell family were leading members of local society down to the seventeenth century. Heron Hall was pulled down about 1790.
The present 18th-century Heron Hall is Grade II listed.

## Heron Hall Moat

The moated site immediately east of Heron Hall is one of the best known examples of moated sites in Essex. The site, with its surviving brick revetting and tower bases together with its known historical background, illustrates the very grand and possibly defensive nature of the site and reflects the wealth and social standing of its inhabitants.

## Marengo, Napoleon's War Horse

Marengo, one of Napoleon Bonaparte's war horses, was captured in 1815 at the Battle of Waterloo by William Petre, 11th Baron Petre.
Petre brought the horse back to the Ingatestone Hall, and the Herongate estate which the Petre family owned, so it is thought likely Lord Petre would have ridden Marengo through the village and perhaps stabled Marengo outside the Boar's Head in Herongate as local legend states, and sold him on to Lieutenant-Colonel Angerstein of the Grenadier Guards.
Marengo's skeleton can still be seen at the National Army Museum in Chelsea.

## Herongate Historic Pubs

The Boar's Head is a Grade II listed country pub overlooking the village pond close to Button Common. It started life as three Tudor cottages and first became licensed premises in the 18th century, once part of the Heron Hall Estate owned by one of the county's most influential and ancient families, the Tyrells, but The Boar's Head pub sign still retains the Tyrell crest, a boar's head holding a peacock's feather in its mouth. The family boasted many noted parliamentarians and close servants to the Crown in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Boar’s Head originally comprised three Tudor cottages, forming a group with other buildings around the village pond, it first became a licensed inn in the 18th century serving the small village community.
# Jérôme Dreyfus

Jérôme Dreyfus (born 9 April 1971) is a French judoka.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Place | Weight class |
| 2001 | European Judo Championships | 5th | Heavyweight (+100 kg) |
| 2001 | European Judo Championships | 7th | Open class |
| 2000 | European Judo Championships | 5th | Open class |
| 1999 | World Judo Championships | 5th | Heavyweight (+100 kg) |
| 1999 | European Judo Championships | 5th | Heavyweight (+100 kg) |
| 1995 | Universiade | 2nd | Open class |
| 1993 | European Judo Championships | 5th | Open class |
| 1993 | Mediterranean Games | 1st | Heavyweight (+95 kg) |
# Li Zhuchen

Li Zhuchen (Chinese: 李烛尘; September 16, 1882 – October 7, 1968) was a Chinese male politician, who served as the vice chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
# The Circumcision (Rubens)

The Circumcision is an oil on canvas painting of the Circumcision of Jesus by Peter Paul Rubens, produced in 1605 during his stay in Rome. It is now in the Chiesa del Gesù e dei Santi Ambrogio e Andrea church in Genoa.
It was commissioned by Marcello Pallavicino, vestryman of the Casa Professa of Jesuits in Genoa. It is mainly influenced by Mantuan paintings from the court of Vincenzo Gonzaga, with a strongly foreshortened viewpoint.
There is another version of the subject by the artist, in the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna.
# Willen

Willen is a district of Milton Keynes, England and is also one of the ancient villages of Buckinghamshire to have been included in the designated area of the New City in 1967. The original village is now a small but important part of the larger district that contains it and to which it gives its name. It is in the civil parish of Campbell Park.

## History

The village was first recorded as Wilinges (12th century) and later as Wylie, Wilies (13th century); Wilne, Wylyene (14th century); and Wyllyen, Wyllyn (15th century). Willen is not recorded by name in the Domesday Survey, but it can be identified with the 4 hides 1 virgate assessed under Caldecote, part of the neighbouring parish of Moulsoe, and held under the Count of Mortain by Alvered. The name Willen is probably from Anglo-Saxon or Old English meaning (at the) 'willows', the adjacent River Ouzel meanders through land ideal for willows. In 1931 the civil parish had a population of 57. On 1 April 1934 the parish was abolished and merged with Great and Little Woolstone to form "Woolstone cum Willen".

## Environment and amenities
### Religious

The parish church (1680), was designed by the architect and physicist Robert Hooke and is a classic of the early English Baroque period.
Further around the lake, there is a Buddhist Temple/monastery and a large stupa, the Milton Keynes Peace Pagoda built in 1980 by the monks and nuns of the Nipponzan-Myōhōji. It was the first to be built in the western hemisphere. There is a grass labyrinth nearby.
St Michael's Priory is small Benedictine house in the village.

### Willen Hospice

Overlooking the lake, Willen Hospice provides specialist care for people whose illness no longer responds to curative treatment (also known as specialist palliative care).

### Willen Lake

One of the more important features of the district is a large balancing lake on the River Ouzel, designed to capture flash floods lest they cause problems down stream. The lake is split into two halves. The north lake is a wild-life sanctuary and a favourite of migrating aquatic birds, overlooked by the Peace Pagoda and the Hospice. The south lake is for leisure use, with a full watersports and boat hire centre, as well as inflatable aqua park and wakeboarding facility. There are many paths around the lake suitable for walking, running or cycling. The south lake also comprises a children's splash park and a high ropes course, as well as playing host to various events throughout the year.

#### Bird Life

In its history, many rare and scarce migrating birds have turned up on the north side of the lake. The island is primarily for bird life. Many common bird species breed on the spit that can be viewed from the only hide on the lake, the north hide.

### Sports

The district is also home to Willen Cricket Club and to Willen Juniors FC, who both play at Willen Fields on Portland Drive.
# FK Butel

FK Butel (Macedonian: ФК Бутел) is a football club from Butel Municipality, Skopje, North Macedonia. They currently competing in the OFS Skopje.

## History

Founded in 1980, the club achieved its greatest success during the 1999–2000 season, when it competed in the Macedonian Second League.
# Glauconie argileuse

The Glauconie argileuse is a geological formation in Europe whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

## Vertebrate paleofauna

Dinosaurs of the Glauconie argileuse :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Craspedodon | C. lonzeensis | Geographically present in Province de Namur, Belgium. | "[Three] teeth." | |
| Megalosaurus | M. lonzeensis | Geographically present in Province de Namur, Belgium. | Remains now considered to be an indeterminate theropod. - "Pedal ungual." | |
# M. F. Saldanha

Michael Francis Saldanha (born 13 February 1942), popularly known as M. F. Saldanha, is an Indian judge and former Justice of the Bombay High Court. Although retired from official duty, he conducted an unofficial investigation into the 2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka and was outspoken against the protests and published a report in early 2011 investigating the attacks on Christian institutions and people, written up after he visited 413 locations, examined 673 witnesses and 2,114 victims of the attacks. He was strongly critical of the state government and police in his Saldanha Commission report and described the attacks as "state-sponsored terrorism" and concluded that "the attacks and incidents which took place were instigated and pre-planned. They were not only supported by the state but were also covered up for by the state." He was also critical of the official Bharatiya Janata Party government investigation and report into the attacks by B. K. Somasekhara, given that he said there was photographic and video evidence of police misconduct which the government commission had not identified.
# Raymond Durand (sport shooter)

Raymond Durand (28 January 1894 – 26 November 1977) was a French sports shooter. He competed in the 50 m rifle event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Raymond Offner

Raymond Offner (November 17, 1927 – October 30, 1989) was a French basketball player who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was part of the French basketball team, which won the silver medal.
# Raymond Reisser

Raymond Reisser (10 December 1930 – 4 April 2017) was a French professional racing cyclist. He rode in two editions of the Tour de France. He died on 4 April 2017.
# Raymond Tixier

Raymond Noel Tixier (25 December 1912 – 10 May 1940) was a French field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was killed during the Second World War.

## Personal life

Tixier served as a second lieutenant in the French Air Force during the Second World War. He was killed in action on 10 May 1940 during the Battle of France.
# Je Tu Niekto?

Je Tu Niekto? (English: "Anybody here?") is the third album by the Slovak punk rock band Iné Kafe, released on 4 September 2000.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Vratko Rohoň except where noted

## Personnel

* Vratko Rohoň - vocals, guitar
* Tibor Prikler - guitar
* Peter "Forus" Fóra - bass
* Dano Mathia – drums

### Guest artists

* Roman "Fernet" Slávik - backing vocals (3, 4, 6)
* DJ Zeno - scratching
# Le Montat

Le Montat (French pronunciation:；Occitan: Lo Montat) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.
# 1983 (disambiguation)

1983 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar.
1983 or '83 may also refer to:

## Music

* 1983 (Flying Lotus album), 2006
* 1983 (Lucio Dalla album), 1983
* 1983, a 2010 album by Sophie Hunger
* "1983" (song), a 2010 song by Neon Trees
* "1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)", a song by The Jimi Hendrix Experience

## Other uses

* 1983 (film), a 2014 Indian film by Abrid Shine
* '83 (film), a 2021 Indian cricket film
* 1983 (TV series), a 2018 Netflix series
* Civil Rights Act of 1871, later amended and placed in U.S. Code as Section 1983
* The Bite of '83, a piece of lore in the video game Five Nights at Freddy's
# René Hournon

René Hournon (7 February 1905 – 16 May 1979) was a French cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# René Massol

Raymond Charles Massol (29 June 1927 – 15 December 2010) was a French water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# René Tissier

René Tissier (29 September 1899 – 5 January 1982) was a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1920 Tour de France.
# Robert Bonnaventure

Robert Bonnaventure (8 August 1920 – 24 January 2015) was a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1947 and 1948 Tour de France.
# Włosowicz

Włosowicz is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jacek Włosowicz (born 1966), Polish politician
* Zbigniew Włosowicz (born 1955), Polish politician
# 2010–2012 world food price crisis

Following the 2007–2008 world food price crisis and a short lull in high prices during 2009, food prices around the world again started to rise in 2010.
To reduce the volatility of food markets and increase market transparency, several measures were considered at the G20 summit in 2010. One of the outcomes was the establishment of the Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS) in 2011.
In April 2011, the World Bank warned that the global economy was "one shock away" from an impending full-scale food price crisis. The high food prices have contributed to worldwide protests particularly in Africa. High food prices were also a major factor contributing to the Arab Spring unrest.
The deflated FAO food price index reached an all time high in 2012. As a result of a very dry summer in the United States and Europe, corn and soybean prices reached all-time highs in July 2012 and prices remained high throughout 2012
One reason for the increase in food prices may be the increase in oil prices at the same time, leading to increased demand for and production of biofuels. For example, the use of maize (corn) for ethanol fuel production rose from 15% of total U.S. maize production in 2006 to 40% in 2012.
Over the next years, prices fell, reaching a low in March 2016 with the deflated FAO food price index close to pre-crisis level of 2006.
# Robert Godard

Robert Godard (7 February 1913 – 5 October 1996) was a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1937 Tour de France.
# Robert Guillard

Robert Guillard (October 1, 1919 – January 11, 2013) was a French polar researcher and head of French Antarctic expeditions. From 1947 to 1984 he participated in 44 French polar expeditions to Greenland and to Antarctica. He served as the head of the French scientific station Dumont d`Urville Station in Adélie Land in Antarctica in 1956, 1963, 1972 and 1977. In the early 1950s he was also an active bobsledder and was a member of the French bobsled team at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo.
# Robert Herland

Robert Herland (3 November 1909 – 10 March 1984) was a French wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle heavyweight at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Robert Lucas (field hockey)

Robert Charles Louis Lucas (5 October 1922 – 13 December 2019) was a French field hockey player who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics. Lucas was born in Cambrai in October 1922 and died in Soorts-Hossegor in December 2019 at the age of 97.
# Agriculture in Burundi

Agriculture in the central African country of Burundi produced in 2018:
* 2.3 million tons of cassava;
* 1.6 million tons of banana;
* 583 thousand tons of sweet potato;
* 556 thousand tons of vegetable;
* 393 thousand tons of beans;
* 302 thousand tons of potato;
* 290 thousand tons of maize;
* 178 thousand tons of sugar cane;
* 85 thousand tons of palm oil;
* 56 thousand tons of taro;
* 55 thousand tons of rice;
* 53 thousand tons of tea;
The country grows smaller quantities of other agricultural products, like sorghum (28 thousand tons) and coffee (14 thousand tons). Agriculture makes up more than 50% of Burundi's GDP.
# Urbain Caffi

Urbain Caffi (10 January 1917 – 16 March 1991) was an Italian-born French racing cyclist. He won the French national road race title in 1944. He also rode in the 1947 and 1948 Tour de France.
# Xavier Bizard

Xavier Bizard (1 January 1899 – 20 August 1956) was a French equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Agriculture in Eritrea

Agriculture is one of the main economic activities in Eritrea. Agriculture made up 20% of the country its GDP in 2021. Eritrea has 565,000 hectares (1,396,000 acres) of arable land and permanent crops. 70% of the Eritrean workforce is employed in agriculture, accounting for roughly one-third of the economy. Eritrea's main agricultural products include sorghum, millet, barley, wheat, legumes, vegetables, fruits, sesame, linseed, cattle, sheep, goats, and camels.

## History

Agriculture in Eritrea has experienced extensive improvement over recent years. After the Eritrean War of Independence, agriculture was one of the many sectors that was completely destroyed. Since then, significant investments have been made into the industry—purchases worth millions of dollars of agricultural machinery have been made and hundreds of dams have been built.

## Agricultural products

Eritrea's main agricultural products include sorghum, millet, barley, wheat, legumes, vegetables, fruits, sesame, linseed, cattle, sheep, goats, and camels.

## Agricultural production

In 2018, Eritrea produced:
* 140 thousand tons of sorghum;
* 68 thousand tons of barley;
* 58 thousand tons of vegetable;
* 52 thousand tons of root and tubers;
* 31 thousand tons of cereal;
* 29 thousand tons of pulses;
* 28 thousand tons of wheat;
* 23 thousand tons of millet;
* 19 thousand tons of maize;
* 14 thousand tons of oilseeds,
in addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.
# Émile Lejeune (cyclist)

Émile Lejeune (26 February 1895 – 9 January 1973) was a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1921 Tour de France.
# Ne me quitte pas (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Ne me quitte pas (English: Don't leave me) is Jacques Brel's thirteenth studio album. Released in 1972 by Barclay (80145), the album features re-recordings of many of Brel's best-known songs. The album was reissued on 23 September 2003 as part of the 16-CD box set Boîte à bonbons (Barclay: 980 817-6).

## Title song

The title song has been translated into numerous languages, and has been widely covered by French and English-speaking artists, including Isabelle Aubret (2001), Shirley Bassey (1972), Sam Cooke (1960), Céline Dion (1994), Olivia Newton-John (1972), Nina Simone (1965), Dionne Warwick (1972) and Belinda Carlisle (2007).

## Track listing

| Track | Title | Translation | Composer | Recorded |
| 1 | "Ne me quitte pas" | Don't leave me | Jacques Brel | 1972-06-20 |
| 2 | "Marieke" | Marieke | Jacques Brel, Gérard Jouannest | 1972-06-12 |
| 3 | "On n'oublie rien" | One forgets nothing | Jacques Brel, Gérard Jouannest | 1972-06-12 |
| 4 | "Les Flamandes" | The Flemish | Jacques Brel | 1972-06-12 |
| 5 | "Les Prénoms de Paris" | The names of Paris | Jacques Brel, Gérard Jouannest | 1972-06-12 |
| 6 | "Quand on n'a que l'amour" | When you only have love | Jacques Brel | 1972-06-27 |
| 7 | "Les Biches" | The does | Jacques Brel, Gérard Jouannest | 1972-06-23 |
| 8 | "Le Prochain Amour" | The next love | Jacques Brel, Gérard Jouannest | 1972-06-23 |
| 9 | "Le Moribond" | The dying man | Jacques Brel | 1972-06-20 |
| 10 | "La Valse à mille temps" | The waltz a thousand times as fast | Jacques Brel | 1972-06-27 |
| 11 | "Je ne sais pas" | I don't know | Jacques Brel | 1972-06-12 |

## Personnel

* Jacques Brel – composer, vocals
* François Rauber – orchestra conductor, arrangements
* Gérard Jouannest – piano
* Gilbert Roussel, Marcel Azzola - accordion on "La valse a mille temps" (uncredited)
* Claude Achallé – audio engineer
* Jean-Marie Guérin – mastering
* Alain Marouani – photography