# Paul Martin Sr.

Joseph James Guillaume Paul Martin PC CC QC (June 23, 1903 – September 14, 1992), often referred to as Paul Martin Sr., was a noted Canadian politician and diplomat. He was the father of Paul Martin, who served as 21st prime minister of Canada from 2003 to 2006.

## Early life

Martin was born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of Lumina (née Chouinard) and Joseph Philippe Ernest Martin. His Irish Catholic paternal grandfather's family immigrated from County Mayo, and his mother and paternal grandmother were French Canadian with deep roots in the country.
Martin contracted polio in 1907, which left him permanently blind in one eye and with a severely weakened left arm.
Martin was raised in Pembroke, Ontario, in the Ottawa River Valley, although he attended high school at Collège Saint-Alexandre in Gatineau, Quebec. He completed his university education at the University of Toronto, and earned his law degree from Osgoode Hall Law School. Later, Martin studied at the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, on a scholarship.
Martin later opened a law practice in Windsor, Ontario. In 1939-1940, Martin defended the gangster Rocco Perri at his trial for the corruption of public officials. The trial ended on 1 February 1940, with Perri being acquitted.

## Politics
### Member of Parliament

A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, he was first elected to the House of Commons in 1935 and entered the cabinet in 1945. He went on to serve as a noted member of the cabinets of four Prime Ministers: William Lyon Mackenzie King, Louis St. Laurent, Lester B. Pearson and Pierre Trudeau.
Martin was viewed as one of the most left-wing members of the Liberal cabinet, and as Minister of National Health and Welfare from 1946 to 1957 he played an important role in the fight against polio and overseeing the creation of hospital insurance in Canada, and is sometimes recognized as a father of medicare. Martin served as Secretary of State for External Affairs in the Pearson government, and was instrumental in the acquisition of U.S. nuclear weapons for Canadian Forces.

### Liberal leadership bids

He ran for the Liberal leadership three times, in 1948, in 1958 and 1968, but was defeated at all three Liberal leadership conventions, first by Louis St. Laurent, then by Lester B. Pearson, then by Pierre Trudeau.

### Senator and beyond

Trudeau appointed him to the Senate in 1968. He served as Leader of the Government in the Senate until 1974 when he was appointed High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. He also served as chancellor of Wilfrid Laurier University from 1972 to 1977, as a result of which the university named the Paul Martin Centre in his honour. Until his death Paul Martin was an adjunct professor of political science at the University of Windsor.
His two volume memoirs, A Very Public Life, was published in 1983 (ISBN 0888790929) and 1986 (OCLC 165756245 A very public life: So many worlds Volume 2 of A very public life at Google Books).

## Honours

In 1976 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. In recognition of his accomplishments, Martin was granted the right to use the honorific Right Honourable in 1992, a rare honour for one who has never been Prime Minister, Governor-General or Chief Justice of Canada. He died on September 14, at the age of eighty-nine.
The University of Windsor has a Paul Martin Chair in law and political science, recently held by former Manitoba Premier Howard Pawley (until his retirement from the university), and the Paul Martin Law Library. The City of Windsor had also renamed their "Post Office Building" the Paul Martin Sr. Building in his honour on November 18, 1994.

## Honorary degrees

| Location | Date | School | Degree | Gave Commencement Address |
| Nova Scotia | 1950 | Dalhousie University | Doctor of Laws (LL.D) | |
| Ontario | 1952 | University of Toronto | Doctor of Laws (LL.D) |
| Ontario | Spring 1954 | University of Windsor | Doctor of Laws (LL.D) |
| Ontario | 22 October 1954 | University of Western Ontario | Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) |
| British Columbia | 2 June 1966 | University of British Columbia | Doctor of Laws (LL.D) | |
| Ontario | May 1967 | Waterloo Lutheran University | Doctor of Laws (LL.D) | |
| Ontario | 1983 | Law Society of Upper Canada | Doctor of Laws (LL.D) |
| Ontario | June 2017 | Algonquin College | | Awarded Posthumously commencement address delivered by his son Paul Martin Jr. |

## Electoral record
### Essex East

1935 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, Paul | 7,562 | 39.25 | -4.31 |
| | Conservative | MORAND, Hon. Raymond D. | 6,493 | 33.71 | -22.73 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | LEVERT, Joseph Ben | 4,106 | 21.32 | |
| | Reconstruction | MCPHARLIN, J. Gabriel | 1,102 | 5.72 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 19,263 | 100.00 |
1940 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, Paul | 9,811 | 46.39 | +7.14 |
| | National Government | MORAND, Hon. Raymond D. | 8,060 | 38.11 | +4.40 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | LEVERT, Joseph Ben | 2,879 | 13.62 | -7.70 |
| | Labour | HICKS, Roy Robert | 398 | 1.88 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 21,148 | 100.00 |
1945 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, Hon. Paul | 16,165 | 56.21 | +9.82 |
| | Progressive Conservative | BYRNE, James E. | 8,244 | 28.67 | -9.44 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | MACDONALD, William C. | 4,349 | 15.12 | +1.50 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 28,758 | 100.00 |
1949 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, Hon. Paul | 16,709 | 52.89 | -3.32 |
| | Progressive Conservative | TURNBULL, James Russell | 8,204 | 25.97 | -2.70 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | RIGGS, William Charles | 5,213 | 16.50 | +1.38 |
| | Labor–Progressive | PRINCE, Cyril | 1,464 | 4.64 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 31,590 | 100.00 |
1953 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, Hon. Paul | 19,946 | 67.16 | +14.27 |
| | Progressive Conservative | KENNEDY, Aloysius | 5,530 | 18.62 | -7.35 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | OWEN, Kenneth Edwin | 3,013 | 10.14 | -6.36 |
| | Labor–Progressive | KENNEDY, Michael J. | 1,212 | 4.08 | -0.56 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 29,701 | 100.00 |
1957 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, Hon. Paul | 22,023 | 57.15 | -10.01 |
| | Progressive Conservative | HICKS, Roy R. | 10,593 | 27.49 | +8.87 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | METEER, Jack | 5,917 | 15.36 | +5.22 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 38,533 | 100.00 |
1958 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, Hon. Paul | 18,074 | 41.98 | -15.17 |
| | Progressive Conservative | HICKS, Roy R. | 16,451 | 38.21 | +10.72 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | BURR, Fred A. | 8,530 | 19.81 | +4.45 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 43,055 | 100.00 |
1962 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, Hon. Paul | 24,969 | 58.69 | +16.71 |
| | New Democratic | DRURY, George | 8,888 | 20.89 | +1.08 |
| | Progressive Conservative | DEMERS, Roland Lionel | 8,210 | 19.30 | -18.91 |
| | Social Credit | CORY, T.R. | 476 | 1.12 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 42,543 | 100.00 |
1963 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, Hon. Paul | 25,727 | 59.82 | +1.13 |
| | Progressive Conservative | GOURLIE, David | 8,894 | 20.68 | +1.38 |
| | New Democratic | MCCONVILLE, Hugh | 7,648 | 17.78 | -3.11 |
| | Social Credit | GIGNAC, Frank | 740 | 1.72 | +0.60 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 43,009 | 100.00 |
1965 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | MARTIN, Hon. Paul | 26,094 | 63.78 | +3.96 |
| | Progressive Conservative | GOURLIE, David | 8,142 | 19.90 | -0.78 |
| | New Democratic | MCCONVILLE, Hugh | 6,133 | 14.99 | -2.79 |
| | Communist | MAGNUSON, Bruce A.H. | 543 | 1.33 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 40,912 | 100.00 |

## Archives

There is a Paul Joseph Martin fonds at Library and Archives Canada.