# Neguinho de Zé Ferreira

Genildo Ferreira de França (1970 - 1997), known as Neguinho de Zé Ferreira, was a Brazilian spree killer who killed 14 people in and around Santo Antônio do Potengi, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil on May 21 and May 22, 1997. He was eventually cornered by police and committed suicide by shooting himself in the chest.

## Life

Ferreira was born in Santo Antônio dos Barreiros (now Santo Antônio do Potengi) and served in the 7th Battalion of Combat Engineers (7o Batalhão de Engenharia de Combate) in Natal until January 1990, where he developed an affinity to weapons and was considered an excellent marksman. He owned a grocery store, was married twice and had three children.
According to his friends Ferreira was a man of unpredictable behaviour, who had sudden outbursts of anger, during which he would utter death threats. In 1995 he witnessed his son Iuri being run over and killed by a taxi, after which he was said to have changed for the worse. The driver of the taxi was never punished for the accident.
In September 1995 Ferreira and his wife Mônica separated for a month and she moved in with her aunt Maria das Dores Barbalho. According to Barbalho, Mônica told her family that she had decided to leave Ferreira, and to force the separation she invented the story that he was a homosexual, claiming that she had caught him in flagrante in bed with Edilson Carlos do Nascimento. The rumor spread rapidly in Santo Antônio do Potengi and people, especially his father-in-law Baltazar Jorge de Sá, began talking behind his back about his alleged homosexuality. Ferreira never forgave his wife that she had spread the rumor, and frequently threatened her and her family with murder ever since, whenever they had an argument.
According to his brother Genilson, Ferreira stated that after losing his son and his honor of being a man he had nothing to lose. He also related that Ferreira had called a funeral parlour in October 1995 and ordered a coffin for his own funeral, which was never delivered, and also invited some of his friends to dig his grave. When they arrived at his home, they believed he was joking and called police, who then searched his home and seized two handguns and two hundred rounds of ammunition. Ferreira ordered another coffin in February 1997, telling the undertaker he was going to commit suicide, and began laughing when it arrived.
For four years Ferreira ran a bar, which he named "Iuri's bar" after his son's death, and was his main source of income, but when it got a reputation of being a haven for homosexuals, his customers began to stay away and it eventually went bankrupt two months prior to the shooting. According to police the tavern was a hang-out for drug addicts, where Ferreira, who himself smoked marijuana, dealt with drugs. After closing down, Ferreira sold a freezer and other equipment of his bar, using the money to buy arms. When questioned about the sale by a neighbour he replied that he needed the money to make a trip with some friends.
According to his wife's aunt, Ferreira had an altercation with his wife one month prior to shooting, after which she stayed with her parents. During the night Ferreira came to their home, and woke them by yelling that he would kill the whole family, if his wife would not return home. One week later Ferreira told his wife that he was preparing a trip, wishing that he could take her and her whole family with him. About five days prior to the shooting Ferreira told a neighbour that his detractors and debtors would soon get their reward.
Ferreira's mother Maria related that in the days prior to the shooting he appeared very agitated and restless. Reliving the trauma of his son's death, he became even more upset when he found out the name of the taxi driver responsible for the accident, and constantly talked about taking revenge, of which she tried to dissuade him.

## Shooting

According to his friend Francisco de Assis Ramos dos Santos, 27-year-old Ferreira had planned the murders for over a year and in the days prior to the shooting had scouted the area for a place to which he wanted to lure his victims. Ferreira also explained his plan to his lover, 16-year-old Valdenice Ribeiro da Silva, about two weeks before the massacre, telling her that he would drive around the city to kill everyone who owed him something, and that he would take her hostage, so she could tell what had happened. Da Silva later said that she did not tell anyone of the plan, because Ferreira had threatened to kill her, if she did. According to da Silva, Ferreira wanted to escape to Coqueiros district after the shooting to watch the repercussions of his crimes on TV, saying: "We are going to be famous; we will appear throughout the country!" ("Nós vamos ser famosos, vamos aparecer no país todo.") He also hoped to be interviewed by Josimar Gomes da Silva, host of a programme named "Patrulha Policial" that aired on TV Ponta Negra, where he wanted to explain that he was not gay.
Ferreira had a list of about 20 people he wanted to kill, either because they owed him money, or for spreading rumors that he was a homosexual. During his rampage he wore a camouflage vest and was armed with a semi-automatic pistol with two 15-round magazines, as well as a .38-caliber revolver with suppressor, both manufactured by Taurus, and had with him five boxes of ammunition with a total of 250 rounds, a hunting knife and a nylon bag. During five of the murders Ferreira was assisted by 22-year-old dos Santos, who was holding his victims' hands to their back.

### May 21

The shooting started on May 21 some time between 16:00 and 18:00 in a remote area near São Gonçalo do Amarante, where Ferreira killed taxi driver Francisco Marques Carneiro, who was dating his ex-wife and made comments about him being a homosexual, with a shot to the forehead. After putting the body in the trunk of the Fiat Palio, Ferreira drove to his friend Francisco de Assis Ramos dos Santos, where he arrived around 18:00, inviting him, as well as Valdenice Ribeiro da Silva to join him for a ride. Questioned after the murders why they had helped Ferreira and did not seize one of their multiple opportunities to flee, dos Santos and da Silva stated that they were intimidated by the gunman, who threatened to kill them and their families if they tried to escape.
Together they drove to the home of Elias dos Anjos Pimenta in Santo Antônio do Potengi, arriving there at about 19:30. After Pimenta, who owed Ferreira R$10, had joined the trio they drove to Ferreira's father-in-law, Baltazar Jorge de Sá, whom they asked to help with the delivery of a cow. At a coppice Ferreira ordered his father-in-law and Pimenta to kneel down and shot them dead.
Ferreira and his two companions subsequently drove to the house of Manoel Brito Marcolino, a farmer with whom Ferreria previously had an argument, in which he demanded that Marcolino should stop spreading rumors about his manhood. They arrived there at approximately 20:30 and asked him to help them buy a shotgun. João Maria Silva de Lima, who was visiting Marcolino, offered to join them. Ferreira eventually killed them both for spreading rumors he was a homosexual.
The trio then drove back to Santo Antônio do Potengi and at about 21:00 invited Edilson Carlos do Nascimento to a party. Before shooting Nascimento, Ferreira allegedly yelled: "Now I want to see you saying that you screwed me." (Quero ver agora você dizer por aí que me comeu.) The bodies of Marcolino, de Lima, and Nascimento were later found together in a thicket near Guajiru, a hamlet 2 km from Santo Antônio do Potengi, all of them killed with shots to the head and chest. According to dos Santos and da Silva, Ferreira laughed frantically while killing them, and asked God for forgiveness afterwards.
At about 21:30 Ferreira dumped dos Santos in the city, while he himself, together with da Silva, made his way to his own home, where he arrived between 21:30 and 23:00. There he approached his wife Monica, who was chatting with her brother Erasmo Fidelis de Sá, and shot at her four times, hitting her thrice. Ferreira told de Sá to leave, since he had nothing against him, and then dictated a letter to da Silva, which he left with his wife's body. Afterwards the couple took Ferreira's 8-month-old son Mateus and took him to his cousin Maria dos Anjos F. de Souza, telling her that his wife was sick.
During the night Ferreira was said to have searched for William Duarte Nobre Junior, going to his house three times, but due to a breakdown of his truck Nobre did not return home that night. He also visited several members of his family to say goodbye, and told his younger sister Hosana that he was on a mission.

### May 22

The next day, at about 6:00, the couple arrived at the home of Ferreira's parents, José Ferreira and Maria do Carmo. Ferreira took them to the backyard of their house, pointed his weapons at them, and threatened them with murder. Upon his brother Genilson's question why he wanted to kill them, Ferreira replied that he didn't want his family to suffer for what he was doing, though before he was able to put his intentions into practice military police sergeant Francisco de Assis Bezerra and soldier Ilton de Lima Ciríaco, who were searching for the gunman, arrived at the scene. Ferreira fired shots at them, fatally hitting Bezerra twice in the head, and wounding Ciríaco in the shoulder.
Ferreira, apparently abandoning his plan to kill his parents, returned to the home of his father-in-law, where he and da Silva arrived at 6:30, to search for de Sá's two daughters, who were already at school at that time. After killing his mother-in-law Tereza Carlos Ribeiro, Ferreira drove to the house of his ex-wife Maria Valdete Rafael da Costa, just 200m away, and killed her, as well as her mother Francisca Neide Rafael da Costa, when she tried to help her. He then took his 5-year-old daughter Nayara (or Gislaine according to other sources) and walked back to his own home, leaving the car behind.
Ferreira and da Silva arrived at their destination at 6:45, and while they were searching the neighbourhood for a man named Aruanã, whom Ferreira also suspected of spreading rumours about his alleged homosexuality, they came across his neighbour Flávio Silva de Oliveira, who was a mute and asleep. Ferreira killed Oliveira, allegedly because he had once made hand gestures indicating that Ferreira had a sexual preference for men, and also shot dead truck driver Fernando Correia de Souza in front of the house.
At 7:30 Antônio Josemberg Campelo, a messenger of Telern who had earlier witnessed the murder of sergeant Bezerra and also cast doubt on Ferreira's sexuality, was killed by Ferreira in the street with seven shots. By that time Ferreira was chased by about 120 police officers, who were continuing to close in on him. He escaped police by hiding in a school and several homes, whose inhabitants he threatened with murder, until 12:10 when he was finally surrounded in a banana plantation near a ceramic tile factory just 2 km from his home. After letting da Silva and his daughter go, Ferreira shot himself in the chest with his revolver and engaged in a shootout with police, until he would die of his self-inflicted wound. Police afterward fired shots at his head until it was unrecognizable. Besides his guns he still had 104 rounds of unspent ammunition and the knife in his possession.

### Victims

| Mônica Carlos de França, 19, Ferreira's wife Baltazar Jorge de Sá, 43, Ferreira's father-in-law Tereza Carlos Ribeiro, 41, Ferreira's mother-in-law Maria Valdete Rafael da Costa, 24, Ferreira's ex-wife Francisca Neide Rafael da Costa, 46, mother of Maria Valdete John, 48, neighbour of Ferreira's parents Francisco de Assis Bezerra, 38, sergeant of the military police | Fernando Correia de Souza, 42, truck driver Edilson Carlos do Nascimento, 29, ceramist Elias dos Anjos Pimenta, 28, ceramist Antônio Josemberg Campelo, 18, messenger Francisco Canindé Marques Carneiro, 37, taxi driver João Maria Silva de Lima, 38, farm worker Flávio Silva de Oliveira, 22 |

### Suicide note

| Translation | Original |
| The reason I am writing these few lines is not to justify the wrong I have done, but it is only in this way that I can prove to the entire world, and can challenge those who wanted to prove that I was a homosexual, I was not, nor am I going to be [a homosexual] because of this claim, which is the reason for this tragedy. I don't feel like a normal person, after these lies have been told about me. Here I write my final words, they may say I went crazy but even then I recommend everyone's souls to God. And I hope God will forgive me for what I did, but it was my only solution. I hope this letter will be sent to J. Gomes, so he can disclose it to the public, and it may advise everyone not to bear false witness against other people. I stop here because I can't go on. I wish everybody a life in dignity which I had not. I may even fail to avenge the death of my son, if I'm not able to do so. It was difficult to live unaccepted in society, because of a single caboclo who told lies about me but now is dead. I beg forgiveness from all who try to understand me. I did not do it for fun, but was forced to. Still going on I leave a strong hug and a kiss to all my family, and my whole family no matter the religion, but let them all get together, and create a strong chain of prayer so that God may take care of my soul. GOODBYE TO EVERYONE Signed Jenildo | O motido deu escrever estas poucas linhas, não é pra justificar o erro que eu fiz, mais só assim eu consegueria provar pra todo mundo, e deixo o desafio pra qualquer um que queira provar que eu era homo-sexual, nem eu era, nem vou ser por esse comentário foi que aconteceu toda essa tragédia eu não me sinto como pessoa normal depois desse falso que levantaram contra minha pessoa. Aqui eu escrevo minhas palavras finais, Poderam dizer que eu fiquei louco mais mesmo assim eu recomendo a alma de todos para Deus. E espero que Deus me perdoe por esse ato que eu fiz, mais era minha única solução. eu espero que essa carta seja enviada para J. Gomes para que ele divulgue para o público, e que aconselhe a todos a não levantar falsos do seu próximo. Paro aqui porque não tenho mais condições. Para todos desejo uma vida de dignidade a qual não tive. Eu posso até não vingar a morte do meu filho se não tiver condições. Tava difício viver não aceito na sociedade pelo simples caboclo que me levantou um falso mais agora está morto. Eu imploro perdão de todos que tentam me compreender. eu não fiz esto por prazer fiz forçado. Ainda continuando deixo um forte abraço e um beijo pra toda minha família, e que toda minha família não emporta a religião, más que todos se reúnam e construam uma forte corrente de oração para que Deus tome conta de minha alma. ADEUS PARA TODOS Escreve Jenildo |

## Aftermath

Valdenice Ribeiro da Silva was arrested immediately after the shooting, being suspected of having been an accomplice of Ferreira. According to her statement she and Ferreira had smoked marijuana before and during the massacre. On the following day Francisco de Assis Ramos dos Santos was also arrested by police under the accusation of having helped Ferreira with the murder of five people.
On May 23 Ferreira was buried in the absence of his family at the Bom Pastor cemetery in Natal, while the burial of ten of his victims the same day in São Gonçalo do Amarante was attended by about 3000 people and under the presence of police to prevent a turmoil.

## Legacy

Sangue do Barro, a documentary by Mary Land Brito and Fabio DeSilva about Ferreira's crime, was released in 2009.