OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nea Petra

Nea Petra (Greek: Νέα Πέτρα) is a village in the Serres regional unit of Central Macedonia, Greece. Nea Petra is located around 23 km south east of the city of Serres.

## History

According to the Ethnological Museum of Thrace, Greeks from Kayali settled in Nea Petra. During the Balkan Wars, Bulgaria annexed the village until 1913. After the Minor Asia Catastrophe in 1922 some Arvanites settled in Nea Petra. Before 1927 Nea Petra was called Tsianos.

## Babo/Vrexoudia tradition

Ever since 1923, on 8 January, a tradition takes place in Nea Petra called Babo or Vrexoudia. According to this tradition, women take over the village and force the men to do the home chores. During the Vrexoudia tradition on the same day, women actively provoke water fights with the men of the village. The 8th of January is also called the day of Gynecocracy in Nea Petra due to this tradition.

## Notable people

Michalis Tzelepis, MP of ΠΑΣΟΚ
# Le Mat Trophy

The Le Mat Trophy (Swedish: Le Mat-pokalen, lit. 'Le Mat Cup') is the trophy awarded to Swedish champions in ice hockey. The trophy has been awarded since the 1926 season and starting with the 1975–76 season – it has been awarded to the winners of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) playoffs.
The Le Mat is the oldest trophy competed for by professional athletes in Sweden. The trophy was donated by the founding father of ice hockey in Sweden, Raoul Le Mat, and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. in 1926. Since then, the silver cup has been modified and now features a lid with two crossed ice hockey sticks and an oak base. The cup is 52 cm (20 in) high and weighs 3.34 kg (7.4 lb).
# Akira Machida

Akira Machida (町田 顯 Machida Akira, October 16, 1936 – April 5, 2015) was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Japan from 2002 to 2006.
He was born in Shimonoseki, Japan.
He first began his career in 1959, when he was appointed as a legal apprentice. In 1961 he was appointed as an assistant judge to the Tokyo District and its Family Court, the judge of the Muroran branch of the Sapporo District and its Family Court, and the judge of the Civil Affairs Bureau of the General Secretariat of the Supreme Court. In 1971 he was promoted to judge of the Sapporo District and its Family Court.
In 1973 he became Chief of the Budget Division, Financial Affairs Bureau, and General Secretariat of the Supreme Court. He began serving as the Chief of the General Affairs Division in 1975, and although he quit being Chief of the Budget Division, he continued to perform in his other two positions until 1977, when he became Counsellor of the Cabinet Legislative Bureau. In 1983 he was appointed as a judge of the Tokyo District, and a presiding judge of the Division.
From 1984 until 1991 he regained his position as General Secretariat of the Supreme Court; however, he also attained the status of Director of the Secretary and Public Information Division in 1984, which he kept until 1986 when he became Director of the Financial Affairs Bureau. In 1991 he became Chief Judge of the Kofu District Court and its Family Court. In 1993 he became Chief Judge of the Chiba District Court. In 1994 he was appointed judge of the Tokyo High Court, and a presiding judge of the Division. In 1998 he began serving as president of the Fukuoka High Court. In 1999 he became president of the Tokyo High Court.
In 2000 he was appointed as a justice of the Supreme Court of Japan. He was appointed Chief Justice on November 6, 2002. One notable case his court has presided over, but he himself did not participate in, was over whether Japanese nationals living in foreign countries had the constitutional right to vote for a specific candidate in parliamentary elections. In addition, Chief Justice Machida voted with the majority to overturn a ruling from the Tokyo High Court that said the Tokyo Metropolitan Government could not bar a civil servant from her managerial exam due to her South Korean nationality. On October 15, 2006, Akira Machida retired upon reaching the age of 70. He was succeeded by Niro Shimada.
# × Holcosia taiwaniana

× Holcosia taiwaniana is a natural hybrid of the orchid species Holcoglossum quasipinifolium and Luisia teres. It is an epiphyte endemic to Taiwan.

## Description

The occasionally branched, pendulous, terete stems are 30 to 60 cm in length and 4 to 4.5 mm wide. The terete, 14 to 21 cm long and 2 to 3.5 mm wide leaves are not strictly distichously arranged, but rather laxly alternate. Two 4–5 cm wide, yellowish flowers are produced on 2 to 3 cm long inflorescences. The labellum bears brown-red longitudinal stripes.
# 2024 IFSC Climbing World Youth Championships

The 2024 IFSC Climbing World Youth Championships (33rd), was held in Guiyang, China from 22 to 31 August 2024. The competition climbing championships consisted of lead, speed, and bouldering events, for the under 20, under 18, and under 16 age categories.

## Medal table

* Host nation (China)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Japan | 6 | 2 | 5 | 13 |
| 2 | China* | 5 | 5 | 3 | 13 |
| 3 | Slovenia | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 4 | France | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | South Korea | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 |
| 6 | Italy | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Ukraine | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 8 | Austria | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | Germany | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 10 | Poland | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 | Romania | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 | United States | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 13 | Spain | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 14 | Belgium | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 14 | Bulgaria | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 14 | Indonesia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 14 | Switzerland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 14 | Thailand | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (18 entries) | Totals (18 entries) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 54 |

## Medalists
### Male

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Junior (Under 20) ||||
| Lead | Yusuke Sugimoto Japan | Darius Râpă Romania | Shion Omata Japan |
| Bouldering | Ritsu Kayotani Japan | Yannick Nagel Germany | Slav Kirov Bulgaria |
| Speed | Jérôme Morel France | Oskar Szalecki Poland | Zhou Ziyu China |
| Youth A (Under 18) ||||
| Lead | Manato Kurashiki Japan | Lee Hak-jin South Korea | Haru Funaki Japan |
| Bouldering | Hareru Nagamori Japan | Park Beom-jin South Korea | Corentin Laporte Belgium |
| Speed | Chu Shouhong China | Michael Hom United States | Motonori Tabuchi Japan |
| Youth B (Under 16) ||||
| Lead | Jung Chan-jin South Korea | Ryusei Hamada Japan | Park Tae-saung South Korea |
| Bouldering | Ryusei Hamada Japan | Chanjin Jung South Korea | Kazuki Nakata Japan |
| Speed | Yicheng Zhao China | Yang Li China | Zexuan Yu China |

### Female

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Junior (Under 20) ||||
| Lead | Rosa Rekar Slovenia | Anastasiia Kobets Ukraine | Magdalena Kompein Austria |
| Bouldering | Lily Abriat France | Anastasiia Kobets Ukraine | Anna Maria Apel Germany |
| Speed | Mou Yuju China | Zhang Tianxiang China | Berliana Puteri Wijaya Indonesia |
| Youth A (Under 18) ||||
| Lead | Jennifer Buckley Slovenia | Flora Oblasser Austria | Geila Macià Spain |
| Bouldering | Jennifer Buckley Slovenia | Kaho Murakoshi Japan | Geila Macià Spain |
| Speed | Meng Shixue China | Yang Feiyan China | Huang Xinyi China |
| Youth B (Under 16) ||||
| Lead | Arisa Hayashi Japan | Yu Chenxuan China | Julia Rasmussen Switzerland |
| Bouldering | Li Meini China | Gyurin Kim South Korea | Waka Murakami Japan |
| Speed | Alice Marcelli Italy | Chunyouxuan Wang China | Ratchamon Thongbai Thailand |
# HMS Dundalk (J60)

HMS Dundalk was a Hunt-class minesweeper of the Aberdare sub-class built for the Royal Navy during World War I. She was not finished in time to participate in the First World War and sank after striking a mine in 1940.

## Design and description

The Aberdare sub-class were enlarged versions of the original Hunt-class ships with a more powerful armament. The ships displaced 800 long tons (810 t) at normal load. They had a length between perpendiculars of 220 feet (67.1 m) and measured 231 feet (70.4 m) long overall. The Aberdares had a beam of 26 feet 6 inches (8.1 m) and a draught of 7 feet 6 inches (2.3 m). The ships' complement consisted of 74 officers and ratings.
The ships had two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by two Yarrow boilers. The engines produced a total of 2,200 indicated horsepower (1,600 kW) and gave a maximum speed of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph). They carried a maximum of 185 long tons (188 t) of coal which gave them a range of 1,500 nautical miles (2,800 km; 1,700 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).
The Aberdare sub-class was armed with a quick-firing (QF) four-inch (102 mm) gun forward of the bridge and a QF twelve-pounder (76.2 mm) anti-aircraft gun aft. Some ships were fitted with six- or three-pounder guns in lieu of the twelve-pounder.

## Construction and career

HMS Dundalk was built by the Clyde Shipbuilding Company. In July 1937, Dundalk was recommissioned for the 3rd Minesweeping Flotilla in Malta. On arrival she was placed in Reserve and recommissioned in 1939, returning to England to work on the East Coast.
On 31 May 1940, Dundalk took part in the Dunkirk evacuation to Margate with 500 British troops. She sailed back to Dunkirk and on 1 June was attacked by 12 Messerschmitt aircraft. Dundalk then sailed back to Margate giving assistance to the Havant en route. She arrived at Margate at 12.15 on 1 June and disembarked 280 troops. She returned to Dunkirk, embarked about 450 French troops and arrived back at Folkestone on 3 June. The ship was mined on 16 October 1940 and foundered under tow the following day off Harwich at South Cutler Buoy.
# USS Plover (AMS-33)

USS Plover (MSC(O)-33/AMS-33/YMS-442) was a YMS-1-class minesweeper of the YMS-135 subclass built for the U.S. Navy during World War II.

## History

YMS-442 was laid down 12 October 1943 by the C. Hiltebrant Dry Dock Co. of Kingston, New York, launched 20 April 1944, and completed 13 October 1944. She was commissioned on 14 October 1944.
YMS-442 departed Brooklyn, New York, and operated in the Okinawa area as an escort vessel during the autumn of 1945. Until spring 1946, she cleared shipping lanes off Japan, Korea, and China. Back from the Pacific, she provided occasional service to the Mine Warfare School, Yorktown, Virginia, during 1946 and into 1948.
YMS-442 became USS Plover (AMS–33) on 18 February 1947. In July 1948 she assisted in survey work off Labrador. From late 1948 to 1956 she assisted the Navy Mine Defense Laboratory, Panama City, Florida.
Reclassified a coastal minesweeper (old) MSC(O)-33 on 7 February 1955, she became a naval reserve training ship in November 1956. She served the 4th Naval District, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and in 1961 the 6th Naval District, Charleston, South Carolina.
Following these assignments, Plover was struck from the Naval Vessel Register 1 October 1968.
# HMS Puttenham

HMS Puttenham (M2784) was a Ham-class inshore minesweeper of the Royal Navy. She was launched in 1956 and entered service in 1958. The 93 ships of the Ham class had names chosen from villages ending in -ham. The minesweeper was named after Puttenham.

## Design and description

In the early 1950s, the Royal Navy had a requirement for large numbers of minesweepers to counter the threat to British shipping from Soviet mines in the event of a conventional Third World War. The navy's existing minesweepers were obsolete, while the increasing sophistication of modern mines meant the mine warfare forces could not be supplemented by requisitioned fishing vessels as had been done in previous wars. Large orders were placed for coastal minesweepers (the Ton) and for smaller inshore minesweepers and minehunters intended to operate in inshore waters such as river estuaries (the Ham and Ley classes). As the navy did not have sufficient manpower to operate all the required ships in peacetime, it was planned to lay a large number up in reserve, so they could be manned by reservists (in may cases the crews of the fishing boats which would previously have been used in the same role) in time of emergency.
Puttenham was one of the third series of Ham-class ships, with an all-wooden hull, slightly larger than the first two series. The ship was 107 feet 5 inches (32.74 m) long overall and 100 feet 0 inches (30.48 m) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 21 feet 11 inches (6.68 m) and a draught of 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m). Displacement was 120 long tons (120 t) standard and 159 long tons (162 t) full load. Two Paxman 12-cylinder diesel engines gave a total of 1,100 brake horsepower (820 kW) and drove two shafts, giving a top speed of 14 knots (16 mph; 26 km/h), which corresponded to a speed when sweeping of 9 knots (10 mph; 17 km/h). The design armament for the class was a single Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun, although this was generally replaced by an Oerlikon 20 mm cannon.

## Service

Puttenham was built by John I. Thornycroft & Company, was launched on 25 June 1956 and completed on 9 May 1958. She was laid up in reserve ashore at Rosneath in Scotland from 1958 to 1963. In 1964, Puttenham was allocated to the Royal Naval Auxiliary Service (RNXS) at Devonport.
In June 1967, HMS Puttenham, equipped with twelve divers under the command of Engineer-Lieutenant Roy Graham, sailed to the Isles of Scilly in search of the wrecks of the great naval disaster in 1707. The wreck of HMS Association, a 90-gun second rate ship of the line, was finally located. Divers first discovered a cannon, and on the third dive, silver and gold coins were spotted. More than 2,000 coins and other artefacts were later recovered from the site and auctioned by Sotheby's in July 1969.
Puttenham remained in service with the RNXS at Plymouth until 1978. HMS Puttenham eventually ended service for the Royal Navy in 1980. She was sold to a private company and changes were later made to her superstructure. She continued serving in Greece as the passenger ferry Eleftheria until she was finally dismantled in Crete in November 2006, after 50 years at sea.
# Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1963

Finland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1963 with the song "Muistojeni laulu", written by Börje Sundgren, and performed by Laila Halme. The Finnish participating broadcaster, Yleisradio (Yle), selected its entry through a national final and, subsequently, the performer internally once the national final was over.
In the national final, held on 14 February, "Muistojeni laulu" was performed once with Marjatta Leppänen and once with Irmeli Mäkelä. After the final Yle organized an extra singing test to find the best vocalist for the song. Laila Halme, who originally had finished third in the national final, was chosen as the performer on 19 February.

## Before Eurovision
### National final

Yle held on 14 February the national final at its studios in Helsinki, hosted by Aarno Walli, Erkki-Mikael, Risto Vanari, and Marion Rung. Eight songs took part, with each performed twice, once with a small combo and once with a full orchestra. The winner was chosen by voting from ten regional juries.
Finnish National Final - 14 February 1963 :
| Draw | Combo | Orchestra | Song | Songwriter(s) | Points | Place |
| 1 | Rauni Pekkala [fi] | Seija Lampila [fi] | "Marraskuu" | Lasse Mårtenson, Margareta Mutreich | 279 | 4 |
| 2 | Stig Fransman [fi] | Pärre Förars [fi] | "Niin kuin ruusu" | Laura Railo | 258 | 8 |
| 3 | Tamara Lund | Laila Halme [fi] | "Olen mikä olen" | Jorma Panula, Sauvo Puhtila [fi] | 298 | 3 |
| 4 | Matti Heinivaho [fi] | Lasse Liemola [fi] | "Kristiina ja minä" | Toivo Kärki, Reino Helismaa | 276 | 5 |
| 5 | Marjatta Leppänen [fi] | Irmeli Mäkelä [fi] | "Muistojeni laulu" | Börje Sundgren | 331 | 1 |
| 6 | Johnny Forsell [fi] | Lasse Mårtenson | "Kaikessa soi blues" | Toivo Kärki, Reino Helismaa | 315 | 2 |
| 7 | Maynie Sirén [fi] | Tapio Lahtinen [fi] | "Malaga" | Nils Lerche [fi], Erkki Aunamo | 269 | 7 |
| 8 | Tuulevi Mattila [fi] | Erkki Liikanen [fi] | "Pimpula vei" | Åke Granholm [fi] | 272 | 6 |

## At Eurovision

On the night of the final Halme performed 7th in the running order, following Italy and preceding eventual contest winners Denmark. Voting was by each national jury awarding 5-4-3-2-1 to their top five songs, and at the close "Muistojeni laulu" was one of four songs (along with the entries from the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden) which had failed to pick up any points at all, the country's first last place finish. The Finnish jury awarded its 5 points to Denmark.

### Voting

Finland did not receive any points at the Eurovision Song Contest 1963.
# Jeffry Lansman

Jeffry B. Lansman (born 1951, in Miami Beach, Florida) is an American neuroscientist, professor emeritus of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology in the School of Medicine of the University of California, San Francisco, and member of UCSF's Weill Institute for Neurosciences and Cardiovascular Research Institute. He is also a Senior Scientific Advisor to Cardio AI, a precision cardiovascular care company advancing AI-enhanced rapid diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

## Career

Lansman studied biology at Purchase College (Bachelor of Science), and Tufts University (Master of Science) and subsequently received a Ph.D. in Physiology and Biophysicd at UCLA School of Medicine under Susumu Hagiwara. He went on to complete postdoctoral training at the Yale School of Medicine and the Physiological Laboratory at the University of Cambridge.
He joined the faculty of the Department of Pharmacology at UCSF School of Medicine as an Assistant Professor where he received tenure as Associate Professor and then became Professor of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology.
Lansman is known for his research on calcium channels in nerve and muscle and their role in normal physiology and in disease. His early work on marine invertebrates discovered the hyperpolarization-activated ion channels that produce the rhythmic beating of the heart. While working at Yale School of Medicine with Richard W. Tsien and Peter Hess, he discovered the L-type and T-type channels in heart muscle that control heart rate and contractility. He subsequently discovered ion channels that transduce mechanical forces into the entry of calcium into blood vessels and skeletal muscle and contribute to vascular regulation and muscle degeneration in muscular dystrophy.
In 2017, he founded Turex Marine Biopharma to explore marine biomes and discover new drugs for treating neurodegenerative diseases.

## Most cited papers

* Hess, P., Lansman, J.B. and Tsien, R.W. (1984) Different modes of calcium channel gating behavior favored by dihydropyridine agonists and antagonists. Nature 311:538-544. (Cited 1587 times)
* Nilius, B., Hess, P., Lansman, J.B. and Tsien, R.W. (1985) A novel type of cardiac calcium channel in ventricular cells. Nature 316:443-446. (Cited 930 times)
* Lansman, J.B., Hallam, T.J. and Rink, T.J. (1987) Single stretch-activated ion channels in vascular endothelial cells as mechanotransducers? Nature 325:811-813. (Cited 905 times)
* Hess, P., Lansman, J.B. and Tsien, R.W. (1986) Calcium channel selectivity for divalent and monovalent cations. Voltage and concentration dependence of single channel current in ventricular heart cells. Journal of General Physiology 88:293-319. (Cited 683 times)
* Lansman, J.B., Hess, P. and Tsien, R.W. (1986) Blockade of current through single calcium channels by Cd, Mg, and Ca. Voltage-and concentration-dependence of Ca entry into the pore. Journal of General Physiology 88:321-347. (Cited 638 times)
# USNS Sgt. George Peterson

USNS Sgt. George Peterson (T-AK-248) was a US Maritime Administration (MARCOM) C1-M-AV1 type coastal cargo ship, originally planned as an Alamosa-class cargo ship. The contract for building was canceled by the Navy in August 1945. The ship, however, was completed as SS Coastal Guide. She was later acquired by the US Army, in 1948, and renamed USAT Sgt. George Peterson. She was reacquired by the Navy, in 1950, and placed in service by the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) as USNS Sgt. George Peterson (T-AK-248). She remained with the Navy until struck in 1966. She was sold in 1971.

## Construction

Sgt. George Peterson, originally projected as USS Washtenaw (AK-218), but built as Coastal Guide, was laid down under a MARCOM contract, MC hull 2172, on 9 March 1945 by the Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Company, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; launched on 13 May 1945; sponsored by Mrs. L. R. Sanford; and delivered to the War Shipping Administration on 16 July 1945.

## Service history

Subsequently, operated by the United Fruit Company and the Polaris Steamship Company, Inc., Coastal Guide was transferred to the US Army on 23 June 1948; renamed Sgt. George Peterson (AK-248). and operated by the Army Transportation Service (ATS).
She was transferred to the Navy in July 1950 and placed in service as USNS Sgt. George Peterson (T-AK-248). The cargo ship then commenced eight years of operations in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Caribbean, and along the southeastern seaboard of the United States for the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS). During that period, she interrupted her regular service only once—to carry supplies north to arctic stations in the summer of 1955.
Early in 1959, the AK was ordered inactivated; and, in March, she was placed out of service at New Orleans, Louisiana. At mid-month, she was towed to Mobile, Alabama, where, on the 27th, she was transferred to the US Maritime Administration (MARAD) and berthed with the National Defense Reserve Fleet. She remained in reserve at Mobile until sold for non-transportation use in December 1971.

## Private service

On 15 December 1971, she was sold to John E. Marsh, Brooksville, Florida, for $41,000. She was sold under the condition that she wouldn't be used for transportation. She was converted into a private yacht and renamed Marsha Lynn.
In 1979 she was sold to TransAlaska Fisheries Corporation, a subsidiary of The 13th Regional Corporation, and renamed Al-Ind-Esk-A Sea. She was converted into a Fish Factory Ship. On 20 October 1982, she caught fire while undergoing repairs in Port Gardner, Everett, Washington. She burned for two days before rolling over at 10:14 am, 22 October 1982, and sinking in 240 ft (73 m) of water. The owners collected a $14 million insurance claim.
The wreck is located at: 47°59.032′N 122°14.772′W﻿ / ﻿47.983867°N 122.246200°W﻿ / 47.983867; -122.246200
# Son Myung-soon

Son Myung-soon (Korean: 손명순; Hanja: 孫命順; 29 January 1929 – 7 March 2024), also transliterated as Sohn Myung Soon, was the First Lady of South Korea from 1993 to 1998.

## Biography

Son was born on 29 January 1929 in Shinryū-yū, Kinkai-gun, Keishōnan-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan (now Gimhae, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea) to Sang-ho and Geunyi Kim. She had two sisters who died early and her birth mother died in 1935. Her father later remarried to Gam Deok-soon, and had two more sons and six more daughters. Her father Sang-ho ran the largest rubber factory in Reisan and was called the “Masan chaebol.”
Son graduated from Jin Young Daechang Elementary School in Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do and Masan Girls' High School in Changwon. She later attended Ewha Womans University, where she took course in Pharmacy and married Kim Young-sam in 1951. During her third year in Ewha, a new rule was established, which prohibited marriage of enrolled students. However, with the help of others, even after giving birth to her first child, she kept her marriage secret until graduation and was able to finish her studies.
On 18 December 1992, Kim Young-sam was elected President of South Korea. And when he took office as president on 24 February 1993, Son Myung-soon began working as First Lady of South Korea. As First Lady, she helped to build a restaurant or lounge at the Blue House for attendants, drivers, and female employees. Son was praised for being a quiet helper and for emphasizing the traditional role of women.

## Personal life and death

Son and Kim Young-sam had five children: three daughters (Kim Hye-young, Kim Hye-jeong, Kim Hye-suk) and two sons (Kim Hyun-cheol, Euncheol Kim). Kim Hyun-cheol currently serves as Executive Director of Kim Young-sam Democratic Center.
Son Myung-soon died on 7 March 2024, at the age of 95, from COVID-19.

## Honours

* South Korea:
** Honorary Recipient of the Grand Order of Mugunghwa (1993)