OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michael Irwin (author)

Thomas Arthur Michael Irwin, (born 3 May 1934) is a British Emeritus Professor of English at the University of Kent and author of several works of fiction, as well as scholarly books. His 2013 novel, The Skull and the Nightingale is, according to WorldCat, held in more than 500 libraries.

## Early life and education

Irwin was born in London, and was educated at William Ellis School, Camden and Exeter College, Oxford. He earned a BLitt and MA.

## Career

Irwin taught at John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (1958–1959), the University of Tokyo (1961–1963), the University of Łódź (1963–1965) and Smith College, Massachusetts (1965–1967) before joining the newly established University of Kent in 1967 where he became Professor of English.
During his career Irwin wrote three books related to the field of English literature. He wrote introductions to a number of editions of classic Victorian novels. He also wrote two novels early in his career.
In 2001 Irwin retired, becoming Professor Emeritus. He served as the Chairman of the Thomas Hardy Society from 2005 until 2008. He contributed criticism and analysis of Hardy's works to several books and journals.
Irwin also translated a number of opera libretti, mostly for Kent Opera and wrote the lyrics for Brunel (opera project) and other original musical works.
In 2013 he wrote a novel, The Skull and the Nightingale, which has received a number of positive reviews.
# Kanō Tomonobu

Kanō Tomonobu (狩野 友信, 24 April 1843 – 15 July 1912) was a Japanese painter of the Kanō school. He used the art names Shunsen (春川) and Isseisai (一青斎).

## Life and career

Tomonobu apprenticed under the official painter for the shōgun (the oku-eshi) in 1859, at age 16.
On the suggestion of his brother-in-law Kawada Hiromu, the governor of Sagami Province, who had travelled to France as part of a shogunal delegation, Tomonobu studied Western painting at the Foreign Studies Centre for two years beginning in 1863. He then spent three years beginning in 1865 at the school of Kawakami Tōgai, and while there studied with the English artist Charles Wirgman for two years. He helped the American art historian Ernest Fenollosa in his studies of Japanese art and introduced Fenollosa to the painter Kanō Hōgai.
Tomonobu worked at the Ministry of Popular Affairs in 1870. He taught at the University of Tokyo in 1877, the Tokyo University Preparatory School in 1880, the Tokyo School of Fine Arts in 1889.
# Cœur du Var

The communauté de communes Cœur du Var groups 11 communes of the Var département, in southeastern France. Its seat is in Le Luc. Its area is 448.2 km$^2$, and its population was 43,518 in 2018.

## Composition

The communauté de communes consists of the following 11 communes:
* Besse-sur-Issole
* Cabasse
* Le Cannet-des-Maures
* Carnoules
* Flassans-sur-Issole
* Gonfaron
* Le Luc
* Les Mayons
* Pignans
* Puget-Ville
* Le Thoronet

## History

It was created in January 2002 and replaced the SIVOM of Centre Var.
# Samallie Kiyingi

Samallie Kiyingi (born in 1979) is an Australian-Ugandan finance lawyer, who works as the Global General Counsel at Standard Chartered Bank, for Corporate, Commercial and Institutional banking. Contemporaneously, she serves as the bank's General Counsel for Europe and the Americas. She is based in Singapore. Her tenure at SCB began in October 2023.
Before that, from April 2017 until October 2023, she served as the Director of Legal Affairs at the African Export–Import Bank (Afrexim Bank), based in Cairo, Egypt.

## Early life and education

She was born to Ugandan parents, the late Robinah Kasirye Kiyingi, a lawyer and the late Dr. Aggrey Kiyingi, a cardiologist. She holds a Bachelor's Degree of Law and Arts in International Studies and a Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice, both awarded by the University of Technology Sydney, in Sydney, Australia. She is also admitted as a solicitor in New South Wales, Australia and in England and Wales.

## Career

Kiyingi began her career as a banking lawyer at Ashurst LLP, which previously was Blake Dawson Waldron, in Sydney, Australia. She then worked as a Senior Associate at Clifford Chance, in London.
She also worked as a Director and the Head of the Securitization Regulatory Policy and Advisory Group at Deutsche Bank, based in London. At the time she was hired by Afreximbank, she was an independent consultant advising corporations and regulators on capital markets.
At the African Export Import Bank, she served as the Director of Legal Services and as the corporate General Counsel.

## Other considerations

Kiyingi is a founding member of the African Art Acquisition Committee, of the Tate Modern Art Gallery, in London, United Kingdom.
In 2018, Kiyingi was recognized as one of the 100 most influential people of African descent under 40 years of age, by The Most Influential 100 Company.
# Hayes Gordon

Hayes Gordon AO, OBE (25 February 1920 – 19 October 1999) was an American-born actor, theatre entrepreneur, theatre producer and director and acting teacher with a considerable career in Australia.

## Early life

Gordon was born on 25 February 1920 in Boston, Massachusetts.

## Early career in the United States

He was mentored by Oscar Hammerstein II, and appeared on Broadway in several musicals, including the original production of Oklahoma! (1943), Show Boat and Brigadoon. He also appeared in America's first television soap opera Fashion Story. He was named in a newsletter Red Networks, which specialised in naming alleged communists and sympathisers, and after he refused in 1951 to sign a loyalty oath declaring that he was not a communist, work dried up completely.

## Emigration to Australia and career

Gordon went to Australia in 1952 to star in the J. C. Williamson's musical Kiss Me, Kate.
He stayed in the country and established the Ensemble Theatre in North Sydney with a group of young students he tutored from the Independent Theatre. This was a co-operative style theatre and also Australia's first theatre-in-the-round.
He founded an acting school, the Ensemble Studios, in 1958, and remained artistic director until 1986, when Sandra Bates became director.
Toward the end of his life he published Acting and Performing which outlined his Stanislavsky-influenced acting methods.
He played Tevye in the original Australian cast of Fiddler on the Roof from 1967 to 1970, and later in a 1985-86 revival for the Australian Opera. He also played 'Daddy' Warbucks in the original Australian cast of Annie which opened in 1978.

## Honours

* 1997: Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in the Australia Day Honours, "In recognition of service to the arts, particularly the acting profession and the theatre and to the community"
* 1979: Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the New Year's Honours, "In recognition of service to the performing arts".

## Death and legacy

Gordon died on 19 October 1999 in Sydney.
In 1999 The Glugs named one of their awards the Hayes Gordon Memorial Award for Important Contribution to Theatre.

## Personal life

Gordon married and divorced American music theatre performer Katrina Van Oss in the U.S. In 1972 he married former student Helen Terry. had one daughter.
Gordon was a great friend and mentor to Australian actress Denise Roberts, who taught film and television at the Ensemble Studios for Hayes for over six years. In September 2000, Denise established Screenwise and began teaching the Hayes Gordon philosophy for screen acting.
# Sindh Land Alienation Bill, 1947

Sindh Land Alienation Bill of 1947 was a piece of legislation introduced by the British Sindh Assembly (now in Pakistan), with the aim of returning the mortgaged land to the owners, Similar to the Punjab Land Alienation Act of 1900.

## Background

The great economic depression caused by the World War I brought miseries to the rural people of Sindh as they were unable to pay taxes and purchase day-to-day needs, other than grain which was the only source of survival produced by themselves. Thus from the year 1917-1942, all agricultural land-owners drowned in the heavy debts by mortgaging their lands with the urban traders mainly Hindus. As this economic depression spread over the upcoming decades and another great war broke out among the European and Asian powers, the more and more people mortgaged their lands and as debts could not be repaid, the lands were transferred to the money lenders by the civil courts and who by year 1947 owned 40% of agricultural land in Sindh.

## Legislation

The Sind Provincial Legislative Assembly was established in 1937 under the India Act of 1935. Muhammad Hashim Gazdar, a member from Karachi tabled the Land Alienation bill in Legislative Assembly. Assembly passed that bill recommending returns of the mortgaged lands to owners, who had thus lost them between 1917 and 1947, free of compensation, on the plea that money lenders had already made more money than the original amount and thus repayment was not justified. This created a split between Hindus and Muslim members of the assembly.

## Aftermath

The bill for restoring the mortgaged lands to the owners was not allowed to become operative as a law by the newly-formed Government of Pakistan. The bill awaited formal assent of the Indian Viceroy in 1947, to go into effect as a law but the newly arrived Indian Viceroy left the decision of the implementation of the bill to the upcoming government of Pakistan. After the formation of Pakistan, alienation bill came up for the required assent before Jinnah as Governor General of Pakistan but was turned down by the Jinnah on the advice of Liaquat Ali Khan. Thereby, the 40% agricultural land transferred in the possession of outgoing Hindus in the rural areas of Sindh, lost by the Muslim Sindhi farmers due to mortgages, was allotted to the immigrants from India.
# Naberezhne

Naberezhne may refer to these villages in Ukraine.
* Naberezhne, Buchach Raion
* Naberezhne (Crimea)
* Naberezhne, Demydivka Raion
* Naberezhne, Halych Raion
* Naberezhne, Odesa Oblast
# Hokusei Gakuen University

Hokusei Gakuen University (北星学園大学, Hokusei Gakuen daigaku) is a four-year private university in Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan. The university is run by Hokusei Gakuen School System, whose education philosophy is based on Christianity.
Its name Hokusei (北星) means "north (北)" and "star (星)." It is derived from the biblical reference "Shine like stars, in a dark world" (Philippians 2:15). It was recommended by Japanese scholar and politician Inazo Nitobe and praised by the founder of the university Sarah Clara Smith. The university shares its campus with the two-year Hokusei Gakuen University Junior College and Hokusei Gakuen University Graduate School.

## History

The history of Hokusei Gakuen University goes back in time to 1887, when an American missionary of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, Sarah Clara Smith founded "Smith Girls' School." In 1894, the school was relocated and renamed "Hokusei Women’s School" as Japanese scholar Inazo Nitobe recommended.
After Smith returned to the United States, the school experienced several renovations and expansions. In 1962, Hokusei Gakuen University was officially founded with the Department of English, Department of Social Welfare, and School of Humanities.
In 2007, the Hokusei Gakuen School System marked its 120th anniversary since the foundation of Smith Girls’ School and planned to have a ceremony in Chūō-ku, Sapporo with other Hokusei Gakuen schools: Hokusei Gakuen University Junior College, Hokusei Gakuen University High School, Hokusei Gakuen Girls' Junior & Senior High School, and Hokusei Yoichi High School.

## Academics and organization
### Undergraduate units

* School of Humanities
** Department of English
** Department of Psychology and Applied Communication
* School of Economics
** Department of Economics
** Department of Management Information
** Department of Law and Economics
* School of Social Welfare
** Department of Social Policy
** Department of Social Work
** Department of Psychology for Well-being

### Postgraduate units

* Graduate School of Literature
* Graduate School of Economics
* Graduate School of Social Welfare

## Notable alumni

* Waki Yamato, Japanese manga artist

## Sources

* Hokusei Gakuen University/Hokusei Gakuen University Junior College Campus Guide 2007
# Malayan Democratic Union

The Malayan Democratic Union was a left-wing socialist political party active in British Malaya from 1945 to 1948. It was founded by English-educated intellectuals and advocated for the independence of British Malaya as a single entity inclusive of Singapore.

## History

There exists differing accounts of the party's origins, although it is generally accepted that it was first conceived by its leaders while under Japanese internment in occupied Malaya. Two contradictory accounts have been provided by Gerald de Cruz, who claimed that he had been approached by Wu Tian Wang, a member of the Malayan Communist Party, to initiate the party's founding, and later that the party had been conceived by Lim Hong Bee and the Malayan Communist Party during Lim's involvement with the Communist-led Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army in Endau, Johor. Other accounts, including those of party chairman Philip Hoalim Sr., repudiated any claims of Communist influence in the party's founding.
The party adopted a moderate and liberal attitude at its inception and called for, among other things, a self-governing democratic Malaya within the British Commonwealth. It was broadly in support of the Malayan Union, which united the federated and unfederated Malay States, and the Straits Settlements of Malacca and Penang into a single entity, and of the union's accompanying liberal citizenship scheme on the condition that Singapore be included in any such union.
However, the Malayan Union faced significant opposition from Malay nationalists who engaged in clandestine negotiations with British administrators to produce new constitutional proposals that would restore the sovereignty of Malay rulers and introduce a more restrictive citizenship scheme. In opposition to the Anglo-Malay constitution, the Malayan Democratic Union alongside other parties and organisations formed the All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA), which styled itself the sole representative body of "domiciled Malays and non-Malays", and sought to engage in direct negotiations with the British government for a more democratic constitution.
The efforts of the party through the AMCJA to push through a more equitable constitution, including through a hartal in October 1947, were unsuccessful. The party was voluntarily dissolved in June 1948 at the beginning of the Malayan Emergency, when its leaders heard rumours that the colonial government was considering taking action against it. The party was generally considered to have been strongly influenced by and acted as a communist front owing to the presence of Malayan Communist Party members in its central committee from May 1948 onwards, as well as the two parties' close cooperation as part of the AMCJA.
# IBM WatchPad

The IBM WatchPad was a line of earlier smartwatch prototypes, produced in 2000-2002.

## Overview

In June 2000, IBM displayed a prototype for a wristwatch that ran Linux. The original version had only 6 hours of battery life, which was later extended to 12. It featured 8 MB of RAM and ran Linux 2.2. The device was later upgraded with an accelerometer, vibrating mechanism, and fingerprint sensor. IBM began to collaborate with Citizen Watch Co. to create the "WatchPad". The WatchPad 1.5 features a 320 × 240 QVGA monochrome touch sensitive display and runs Linux 2.4. It also features calendar software, Bluetooth, 8 MB of RAM and 16 MB of flash memory. Citizen was hoping to market the watch to students and businessmen, with a retail price of around $399.

## Models

* IBM WatchPad (2000)
* IBM WatchPad 1.5 (2001)
# Communauté d'agglomération du Centre de la Martinique

Communauté d'agglomération du Centre de la Martinique is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Fort-de-France. It is located in Martinique, an overseas department and region of France. It was created in January 2001. Its area is 171.0 km$^2$. Its population was 154,706 in 2018, of which 78,126 in Fort-de-France proper.

## Composition

The communauté d'agglomération consists of the following 4 communes:
* Fort-de-France
* Le Lamentin
* Saint-Joseph
* Schœlcher
# Royal Parker

Royal Pollokoff (April 8, 1929 – January 8, 2016), better known by the stage name Royal Parker, was an American television personality. In a broadcasting career spanning the 1940s–1990s, he appeared in various roles, becoming a staple on television screens in the Baltimore, Maryland, area.

## Early years

Born in Baltimore, Maryland, on April 8, 1929, Parker graduated from Baltimore City College in 1946. He began his broadcasting career in the late 1940s on WASA (now WHGM), an AM radio station in Havre de Grace, Maryland, hosting a music program called the Royal Record Review. He moved to television when the medium was in its infancy, joining WAAM-TV (now WJZ-TV) in Baltimore in 1951.

## Television career

Parker served in diverse roles during his more than four decade career in television (1951–1994), including newscasts, sports events, children's programs, announcing duties, and commercials. As a television newscaster with WAAM-TV in Baltimore, Parker covered the 1952 elections, when Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected U. S. President and J. Glenn Beall was elected U.S. Senator from Maryland. He created a children's television character, Mister Poplolly, in which he would don an oversized hat and glasses, along with a clown's nose, for a daily show. Later, he portrayed a Popeye-like sailor hosting a daily cartoon show. Parker also did commercials, including The Buddy Deane Show between 1957–1962 (by then, WAAM had been sold to Westinghouse and its call letters changed to WJZ-TV).
In 1962, Parker moved to WBAL-TV, where he hosted such popular televised bowling programs as Pinbusters and Bowling for Dollars in the 1970s. While at WBAL, he played P. W. Doodle, a newsboy character he created based on his own experience selling newspapers in Baltimore as a youth. On November 22, 1963, he was called upon to broadcast the news flash of U.S. President John F. Kennedy's assassination.
Later on his career, Parker broadcast the resignation of Richard Nixon, economic disasters facing the United States, the Iran hostage crisis and the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan.
Parker remained at WBAL-TV until his retirement in 1994. Reflecting on his varied roles in the early pioneering years of commercial television, Parker recalled in 2008 that when he started at WAAM in 1951, earning $45 per week, "We just figured things out as we went along. In six months, you did everything. I could run a control board, or put on a cooking show".

## Later years and personal life

Parker and his wife, Phyllis, had three sons.
After leaving broadcasting, he ran for a seat in the Maryland House of Delegates in 1994, but lost in the primary election. He later took a job as an inspector for the Baltimore City Liquor License Board, retiring from that position in 2006.
In his retirement, Parker remained active in local charitable work, which included frequent benefit appearances for the Mount Washington Pediatric Hospital.
He died of congestive heart failure on January 8, 2016, in Pikesville, Maryland, a Baltimore suburb, at age 86.
# Over the Hills & Far Away: The Music of Sharpe

Over the Hills & Far Away: The Music of Sharpe was released in 1996 as a companion to the Sharpe television series. The recording features performances by various artists, including British folk musicians John Tams (who played the supporting role of "Rifleman Daniel Hagman" in the series and wrote or arranged much of its music) and Kate Rusby, composer Dominic Muldowney, and The Band and Bugles of the Light Division, performing traditional songs along with selections of original music from the programmes.

## Track listing

* "The Overture" a) "Sharpe's Theme" b) "Prelude" (Dominic Muldowney/John Tams, words trad.) featuring Sean Bean) – 2:48
* "I'm Ninety Five" (Trad.) performed by The Band and Bugles of the Light Division – :50
* ""Over the Hills and Far Away" (Trad./Tams) performed by Tams – 3:49
* "The Spanish Sword" (Muldowney) – 1:30
* "Rogue's March" – (Trad.) performed by Tams/Barry Coope - :33
* "The Collier Recruit" (Trad., arranged by Kate Rusby/John McCusker) performed by Rusby – 4:17
* "The Bird in the Bush/The Colors" (Trad./Tams/Muldowney) performed by Tams/Moscow Symphony Orchestra/Muldowney – 3:52
* "The Spanish Bride" (Tams) performed by Tams – 6:57
* "The Shilling" (Muldowney) – 2:00
* "Gentleman Soldier" (Trad., arranged by Tams/Roger Wilson) performed by Tams – :35
* "Bugle Call/Moneymusk" (Trad.) performed by The Band and Bugles of the Light Division – :51
* "Broken-Hearted I Will Wander" (Trad. arranged by Rusby/McCusker) performed by Rusby – 4:20
* "Badajoz" (Muldowney) - 3:58
* "The Rambling Soldier" (Trad./Tams/Coope) performed by Tams/Coope - 1:43
* "The Huntsman's Chorus/The Italian Song" (Trad.) performed by The Band and Bugles of the Light Division - 2:16
* "Johnny is Gone for a Soldier" (Trad.) performed by Tams - 3:26
* "The Forlorn Hope" (Muldowney) - 2:05
* "Love Farewell" (Trad./Tams) performed by Tams - 3:09
* "Sunset" (Trad.) The Band and Bugles of the Light Division - 1:38
* "Sharpe's Song/Sharpe's Theme" (Trad./Muldowney/Tams) - 1:39
# Communauté intercommunale des Villes solidaires

Communauté intercommunale des Villes solidaires (CIVIS) is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Saint-Pierre. It is located in Réunion, an overseas department and region of France. It was created in December 2002. Its area is 378.1 km$^2$. Its population was 181,704 in 2018, of which 84,961 in Saint-Pierre proper.

## Composition

The communauté d'agglomération consists of the following 6 communes:
* Les Avirons
* Cilaos
* L'Étang-Salé
* Petite-Île
* Saint-Louis
* Saint-Pierre
# Roderick Beaton

Sir Roderick Macleod Beaton, FBA, FKC (born 29 September 1951) is a retired academic. He was Koraes Professor of Modern Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature at King's College London from 1988 to 2018.

## Education

Born in 1951, Beaton was educated at George Watson's College, Edinburgh, and Peterhouse, Cambridge, graduating with an English literature degree in 1973. He remained there to complete his PhD, which was awarded in 1977 for his thesis "Myth and tradition in modern Greek folk poetry, a study of non-literate tradition, its technique and aims, in the context of lyric and ballad, rather than epic poetry."

## Career

Beaton spent three years as the Ouranis Foundation Fellow in Modern Greek at the University of Birmingham (1977–80) before joining King's College London in 1981 as a lecturer. He was appointed Koraes Professor of Modern Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature at King's College in 1988, and was also head of the Department of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies from 1988 to 1994 and again from 1995 to 1998, and director of the Centre for Hellenic Studies from 2012 to 2016. He also held a Major Leverhulme Fellowship from 2009 to 2012. He retired from his chair at King's College in 2018.

## Honours

In 2013, Beaton was elected a Fellow of the British Academy, the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences. He was also elected a Fellow of King's College London in 2018.
On 9 September 2019 he was appointed Commander of the Order of Honour by Greek President Prokopis Pavlopoulos for his lifelong contribution to the promotion of medieval and modern Greek studies and culture.
He was knighted in the 2024 King's Birthday Honours "for services to history and to UK/Greece relations".