OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leslie Clark (engineer)

Leslie Arthur Clark is a British structural engineer born in 1944 in Ilford, London.

## Early life and education

Clark won a State Scholarship (UK) in 1962 to read Civil Engineering at the University of Sheffield. After graduating in 1965 he stayed at Sheffield to research for a PhD in very high strength reinforced concrete in collaboration with McCall & Co Ltd.

## Career

After completing his PhD Clark joined the Cement & Concrete Association (C&CA) (the Mineral Products Association since 2009). He worked as a researcher, consultant and lecturer mainly on concrete bridges and was involved with the development of the bridge design code BS 5400:Part 4. He was a visiting lecturer at the University of Surrey. In 1978 Clark moved to the University of Birmingham as a lecturer. He was promoted to Senior Lecturer in 1986, Professor of Structural Engineering in 1991, Head of Department of Civil Engineering in 2000, Dean of Engineering & Physical Sciences in 2002 and Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Estates & Infrastructure in 2005. He led a research team working on concrete bridge structures and helped to draft European Standard ENV1992-2. In 1998 he was asked by the then Construction Minister of the UK to chair an Expert Group on the thaumasite sulphate reaction in concrete.
Clark has been a Visiting Professor in Malaysia, an Honorary Professor in Hong Kong and was instrumental in negotiating the Institution of Structural Engineers agreement with the National Administration Board of Structural Engineering Registration of the People's Republic of China.
Clark was President of the Institution of Structural Engineers in 1998-99. He retired as Head of School and Pro-Vice Chancellor of Estates and Infrastructure in 2009 and became Chairman of the UK Certification Authority for Reinforcing Steels (CARES) in 2010.

## Awards and honours

* OBE 2000
* Mappin Medal 1964 University of Sheffield
* Henry Adams Diploma, Institution of Structural Engineers 1987 and 1990
* Thomas Telford Premium, Institution of Civil Engineers 1989 and 2007.
* The Annual Clark Lecture at the University of Birmingham is in honour of Emeritus Professor Leslie Clark

## Selected publications

* Clark, L.A. The provision of tension and compression reinforcement to resist in-plane forces
* Clark, L.A. and Thorogood, P. Serviceability behaviour of reinforced concrete half joints.
* Jones, A.E.K. and Clark, L.A. The effects of restraint on ASR expansion of reinforced concrete.
* Jones, A.E.K and Clark, L.A. The effects of ASR on the properties of concrete and the implications for assessment
* Williamson, S.J. and Clark, L.A. The influence of the permeability of concrete cover on reinforcement corrosion
# Atilio Rinaldi

Atilio Rinaldi (died 1980) was an Argentine film editor. He worked on over ninety films during his career.

## Selected filmography

* Savage Pampas (1945)
* Where Words Fail (1946)
* From Man to Man (1949)
* The New Bell (1950)
* The Earring (1951)
* To Live for a Moment (1951)
* The Voice of My City (1953)
* Love Never Dies (1955)
* The Candidate (1959)
* Closed Door (1962)
# Arthur Grimm

Arthur Hetherington Grimm (27 August 1868 – 20 March 1939) was a politician, farmer and stock and station agent in New South Wales, Australia.
He was born at Dalby in Queensland to Presbyterian minister George Grimm, and Mary, née Hetherington. The family moved around due to his father's position as moderator of the New South Wales Presbyterian Church, with Grimm growing up in Young, Grenfell and Balmain. He attended Fort Street Public School and left at the age of sixteen to become a drover, shearer and farm hand. In 1891, he bought a property near Grenfell; however, he was declared bankrupt in 1895. He was discharged in 1896 and became a stock and station agent. On 27 June 1900 he married Jane Eliza Stinson, with whom he had five children.
Grimm first stood for election to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Liberal candidate at the 1904 election for Grenfell but was unsuccessful, narrowly defeated by William Holman with a margin of 86 votes (3.4%). He stood again at the 1904 election for Burrangong, losing with a margin of 465 votes (8.8%). He switched his attention to local government and was elected to Weddin Shire Council in 1906 and served as president in 1913. In 1913 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly as the member for Ashburnham, as a member of the Farmers and Settlers Association with the endorsement of the Liberal Reform party. He was briefly a minister without portfolio assisting the Minister for Agriculture from February to April 1920. In that year, with the introduction of proportional representation, Ashburnham was absorbed into Murrumbidgee and Grimm was elected as one of the three members for Murrumbidgee, serving until 1925 when he did not contest the election.
He died at Manly on 20 March 1939(1939-03-20) (aged 70).
His younger brother Reg was a member of the Australian Imperial Force, serving in the 7th Light Horse at Gallipoli. Reg died at Arthur's residence in 1932 (aged 50) from a bullet wound to the head.
# La sonrisa del Diablo (1970 TV series)

La sonrisa del Diablo is a Mexican telenovela produced by Televisa and transmitted by Telesistema Mexicano in 1970.

## Cast

* Maricruz Olivier as Deborah
* Narciso Busquets as Salvador
* Norma Herrera
* Andrés García
* Rosenda Monteros
* Fanny Schiller
* Jorge Vargas
# IA

IA, Ia, or ia may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Ia, an 1892 novelette by Arthur Quiller-Couch
* "Iä", a fictional word in the works of H. P. Lovecraft
* International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE), which also goes by IA
* International Artists, a record label

## Businesses and organizations

* Indian Airlines, defunct airline, 1953-2011
* Indiana Academy, a high school
* International Academy, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
* Internet Archive, online digital library and host organization of the Wayback Machine
* Iraqi Airways (IATA airline designator IA)
* Impact assessment of public policy
* Aircraft model prefix of Fabrica Argentina de Aviones, e.g. FMA IA 62

## Government, law, and military

* Indian Army, the Indian Army
* Indonesian Army, the Indonesian Army
* Individual augmentee, U.S. military person temporarily assigned to a unit
* Indecent assault, sexual criminal offense

## Language

* Ia (cuneiform), a sign in cuneiform writing
* Inter alia (i.a.), Latin meaning "among other things"
* Interlingua (ISO 639-1 code: ia)
* Romanization of Cyrillic Я letter
* Inshallah (iA), used by English-speaking Muslims.

## People

* Ia or Violet of Persia, fourth-century martyr, feast days August 4 and September 11
* Saint Ia of Cornwall
* Mattias Eklundh, Swedish guitarist

## Places

* Iowa (IA), U.S. state, postal abbreviation
* Indiana (Ia), U.S. state, older traditional abbreviation
* Ia or Oia, Greece, on Santorini
* Iá River, a river in Brazil

## Science and technology
### Archaeology

* Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IA)
* IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology
* Internet Archaeology, an electronic journal
* Industrial archaeology
* Iron Age IA I, IA IIA, etc., in archaeology of Israel

### Biology and medicine

* IA (chemotherapy), with Idarubicin and cytarabine
* Ia (genus), of vespertilionid bats
* Phase Ia of a clinical trial
* Immunoassay, biochemical test to measure concentrations through antibody or antigen

### Computing and electronics

* IA (software), a vocaloid (singing synthesizer)
* IA-32, Intel Architecture, 32-bit
* IA-64, Intel Architecture, 64-bit
* Implicit authentication, by a smart device
* Human intelligence amplification through technology
* Intelligent agent, in artificial intelligence
* Information architecture, the structural design of shared information
* Information assurance, dealing with trust aspects of information

### Other uses in science and technology

* Group IA (or Ia), an obsolete designation for the group 1 elements
* Type Ia supernova, a subtype of Type I supernova
* Interactions of actors theory, by Gordon Pask

## Other uses

* Internal affairs (disambiguation)
* Intermediate in Arts, an academic degree
* Internal audit of an organization's operations
* International affairs, alternative term for International relations, the study of politics, economics and law on a global level
* Íþróttabandalag Akraness or ÍA, an Icelandic football team
* Mazda2, a 2002–present Japanese subcompact car, sold in North America as the Scion iA and Toyota Yaris iA
# Stefan Meyer-Kahlen

Stefan Meyer-Kahlen (born 1968, in Düsseldorf) is a German programmer of the computer chess programs Shredder and the entire Zappa series. As of January 2017, his program has won 18 titles as World Computer Chess Champion; four of these titles were blitz championships, and one was a Chess960 championship. He also invented the Universal Chess Interface, a chess engine protocol.
# Shadow Fighter (video game)

Shadow Fighter is a video game for the Amiga and CD32 developed by NAPS team and published by Gremlin Interactive in 1994. The game was acclaimed by critics, and in 1996 it was ranked the 20th best game of all time by Amiga Power.

## Gameplay

The game itself is as one would normally expect from any fighting game: fight through 3 rounds against all opponents to reach the main boss at the end. The game features 17 characters (2 hidden) from around the world (including one from space).
Each character of course has their own special moves. Like most fighting games, they involve pressing a certain directional combination, followed by a button press to activate. Some of the moves are quite tricky to pull off using a joystick or keyboard, though much easier with a joypad (which started to become more popular on the Amiga towards the mid-1990s).
For those still finding the moves too difficult to perform, the player can practice their moves on a training dummy called Pupazz. However, Pupazz is kitted out with his own set of moves, which make him lethal in his own right. Pupazz can only be accessed as a playable character via a cheat.
During the in-game action, players are notified of bonuses for performing certain actions (such as first attacks and combos), in a very similar way to Super Street Fighter II.
To rival the bloody violence of Mortal Kombat, a "blood mode" is included in the game, which can be toggled on or off, but this appears to do nothing other than turn the floor an untextured red colour.
The main character of the game is Shadow Fighter himself. The player can only fight Shadow Fighter if they are playing the game under Normal or Hard difficulty setting, as the game will end just before Shadow Fighter is reached under Easy. Shadow Fighter can be accessed as a playable fighter by using a cheat.
The game ran at a constant 25 frames per second; with the use of a cheat the game could be made to run at 50fps on AGA Amigas.

## Reception

The game was ranked the 20th best game of all time by Amiga Power.
# Tatsuhiko Seo

Tatsuhiko Seo (妹尾 達彦, Seo Tatsuhiko) is a Japanese historian. As of 2008 he is a professor of Chuo University's Faculty of Literature.

## Biography

Tatsuhiko Seo was born in 1952 in Hiroshima Prefecture. He was raised in West Tokyo. He studied at Ritsumeikan University and measured oriental studies. According to his essay, he was interested in cities when he traveled from Bangkok to London as a backpacker. He graduated in 1977, and entered the graduate school of Osaka University. When he was a student, he also studied at Shaanxi Normal University and received guidance under Shi Nianhai(史念海). In 1979 he received a master's degree from Osaka University Graduate School of Letters. In 1983, he got a qualification for submitting a dissertation at the same university.
After graduation, he became an associate professor at the Hokkaido University of Education (1983–1989). From 1989 to 2000, he was a professor at University of Tsukuba (Department for History and Anthropology). After he retired from the University of Tsukuba, he was a professor at Chuo University. Now he is a researcher at the Tōyō Bunko, Tokyo.

## Works

His lifework is a mechanism of two different worlds: agricultural world and Nomadic world.
Seo was the author of many books, including "The Urban Social Structure of Chang'an, 583-904"(『長安の都市計画』), in 1983.
# Devil's tongue

Devil's tongue may refer to:
* Amorphophallus konjac, a flowering plant native to southwest China
* Dominican Devil's Tongue, or Red Savina pepper, a cultivar of the habanero chili
* two species of cactus from genus Opuntia
** Opuntia humifusa, also known as the Eastern prickly pear, native to eastern United States and northeastern Mexico
** Opuntia ammophila, native to Florida
* Devil's Tongue Battery a former artillery battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar
# Kolathukara Shiva Temple

Sree Kulathoor Kolathukara Shiva Temple is a Hindu temple located in Thiruvananthapuram in the Indian state of Kerala, in 1893. The temple was built at the request of Narayana Guru in 1915.This is the temple where Sree Narayana Guru performed Shiva Pratishtha for the second time. Before that, Bhadrakali was the deity there. It was at this temple that Sri Narayana Guru composed the Kolatireshastavam in praise of Kolathukara Mahadeva.
# Hetauda Hospital

Hetauda Hospital is a government hospital located in Hetauda Sub-metropolitan City, Makwanpur District, Bagmati Province of Nepal.

## History

It was established as a 15- bedded District Hospital in 2016 BS (1959-1960), which was then upgraded to 50-beds. After the addition of 50 more beds through the Hospital Management Committee it was operating as a 100 bedded hospital. In 2023, a newly constructed building with 70 beds was inaugurated by the then President of Nepal, Bidhya Devi Bhandari making it a 170 bedded fully operating hospital. It has been brought under Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences recently to improve its condition and service delivery.

## Services

The services provided in Hetauda Hospital includes:
* Anesthesiology Department
* Laboratory Department
* Radiology Department
* Emergency Department
* Pharmacy Unit
* Pathology Department
* OPD : Orthopedics, General Surgery, General Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, pediatrics
* ICU
* Psychiatry Department
* NICU
* Postmortem
* Hemodialysis
* HIV/ARV, Family planning, TB-DOTS, Immunization
# Fax demodulator

A fax demodulator is a device used to intercept fax messages by listening in on a telephone line or radio signal.

## Function

A typical (Group III) fax transmission requires a two-way conversation between two modems (that is, each participant must both transmit and receive).
Each modem may be part of a “fax machine” incorporating an image scanner and a printer.

## Application

A demodulator can only be used to observe a conversation between two fax modems, usually to record the image transmitted.
It cannot be used to receive a fax transmission in the usual sense, because a sending modem cannot transmit an image without first negotiating a connection with a receiving modem.
# Bill Grant (curler)

William Alexander Grant (June 16, 1882 – April 16, 1942) was a Canadian curler. He was the lead of the 1928 and 1929 Brier Champion teams (skipped by Gordon Hudson), representing Manitoba. Grant was a 1975 inductee to the Canadian Curling Hall of Fame. He died suddenly in 1942 while attending a curling meeting at the Fort Rouge Curling Club.
Grant was married twice and had two children with his second wife Doris, Thomas Alexander Grant (1928-2002) and Barbara Longworth nee:Grant (1931-2020).
# Aquilegia canadensis

Aquilegia canadensis, the Canadian or Canada columbine, eastern red columbine, or wild columbine, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. It is an herbaceous perennial native to woodland and rocky slopes in eastern North America, prized for its red and yellow flowers. It readily hybridizes with other species in the genus Aquilegia.

## Description

The plant is 15–90 cm (6–35 in) tall. The fern-like leaves are lobed and grouped in threes, growing from the base and off the flowering stems. The flowers are 1–2 in (2.5–5.1 cm) long and have yellow petals with a red spur and red sepals. They appear in late spring (usually in May and June), nodding on stems above the leaves. The round end of the spur contains nectar, which is sought by butterflies and hummingbirds.
The caterpillars of columbine duskywing (Erynnis lucilius) feed on the leaves.

## Cultivation

Aquilegia canadensis is a highly decorative plant, valued for its attractive foliage and showy flowers. For this reason it is widely grown outside its native region, in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
The plant is easily propagated from seed, and blooms the second year from sowing. It is relatively long lived in the garden. It grows well in shade, and in sun with proper moisture.
The cultivar "Little Lanterns" only grows to around 25 cm (10 in). It is also thought to have higher resistance to leaf miner.

## Other uses

Native North American tribes used various parts of red columbine in herbal remedies for ailments such as headache, sore throat, fever, rash caused by poison ivy, stomatitis, kidney and urinary problems, and heart problems. Native American men also rubbed crushed seeds on their hands as a love charm.

## Toxicity

Canada columbine contains a cyanogenic glycoside, which releases poisonous hydrogen cyanide when the plant is damaged.

## Distribution

Aquilegia canadensis is found across the United States (AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NM, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, WV) and Canada (MB, NB, ON, QC, SK, BC).

## Wetland indicator status

Wetland is an extremely valuable but limited resource in the USA. Wetland indicator status is used to determine which native plant species can provide information about the presence of wetland in a given area. Essentially, if a plant thrives in a particular area, it means there is a greater likelihood of wetland there. Aquilegia canadensis is one such species.
* Regions 1-5: Facultative Equally (FAC) likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
* Region 6: Facultative Wetland (FACW) Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.

## Gallery

* Flower and seedpod
* In habitat
* Leaves
* The yellow cultivar 'Corbett'
* Illustration
# Samir Saïd Haribou

Samir Saïd Haribou (born 18 April 2007) is a French footballer who plays as a striker for Lorient B.

## Early life

As a youth player, Haribou joined a youth academy in Reunion, France. He was spotted there by French footballer Toifilou Maoulida, who brought him to mainland France.

## Career

Haribou started his career with French side Lorient B. He was regarded as one of the clubs most important youth players. On 10 November 2023, he debuted for the club during a 1–2 loss to Stade Briochin.

## Style of play

Haribou mainly operates as a striker. He is known for his speed.

## Personal life

Haribou was born in 2007. He is a native of Ouangani, Mayotte, France.
# Racks railway station

Racks railway station was a railway station in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, south of Dumfries, OS NGR NY 033 743, serving and effectively creating the village of Racks near the Lochar Water, 4 miles ESE of Dumfries; a rural community within the Parish of Torthorwald.

## History

The station, 62.64 miles south of Glasgow Saint Enoch station, opened in July 1848. The station is now closed, although the line running through the station remains open. The station building has been converted into a private dwelling. The difference in height between the main building and platform level was overcome by the use of two fenced diagonal ramps built into the slope, with the remainder of the area occupied by a profusion of shrubbery and flower beds.
Racks station was opened by the Glasgow, Dumfries and Carlisle Railway, which then became part of the Glasgow and South Western Railway. In 1923, it became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway at the Grouping, passing on to the Scottish Region of British Railways following the 1948 nationalisation of the railways. It had been a 'Wednesday Only' station since 1860 before becoming a fully open station on 2 January 1865. It was closed by the British Railways Board under the Beeching Axe in 1965.

## Services

| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Dumfries Line open; station open | | Glasgow and South Western Railway Glasgow, Dumfries and Carlisle Railway | | Ruthwell Line open; station closed |

## Views of Racks in 2010

* The site of the old station
* The old station buildings
* Racks village from the railway overbridge
# Polymastia penicillus

Polymastia penicillus is a species of sponge belonging to the family Polymastiidae. It is found in shallow water in the northeastern and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, growing on rocks in areas of high sedimentation.

## Description

Polymastia penicillus forms small cushions which are up to 3 cm (1.2 in) high and can grow to a diameter of 20 cm (8 in). A number of hollow, cylindrical papillae up to 3 cm (1.2 in) long project from the upper surface, with an osculum (exhalant opening) at the tip of each, and many small inhalant pores on the sides. The papillae can be retracted. This sponge is pale yellow, the papillae often being translucent or paler than the rest of the tissue. A similar species occupying the same habitat is Polymastia boletiformis, but that is a slightly darker yellow and forms a less-spreading, thicker cushion with darker papillae. Sediment is less likely to settle on the surface of P. boletiformis whereas P. penicillus often appears dirty.

## Distribution and habitat

Polymastia penicillus occurs in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the coasts of both North America and Western Europe, including the North Sea, the English Channel and the Mediterranean Sea. It usually occurs in the shallow subtidal zone, down to about 25 m (80 ft), but sometimes occurs at much greater depths. Its typical habitat is on rock near to sandy areas, and where there is much suspended particulate matter in the water.

## Ecology

As in other sponges, water is drawn through the sponge body, and bacteria and phytoplankton are filtered out, with the water exiting through the osculi. Sexual reproduction takes place during the summer, the larvae being expelled with the water current and soon settling on the seabed to become juveniles. Sponges have great regenerative powers, and asexual reproduction also occurs, with fragments of sponge that become detached settling and forming new individuals.
Polymastia penicillus has a symbiotic relationship with the bacterium Pseudovibrio sp. POLY-S9 strain. This has a very large genome, which includes several bioactive clusters of genes and many mobile DNA elements; these may enable the bacterium to survive in various hosts and habitats by exchanging genetic material.
# Woirel

Woirel (French pronunciation:; Picard: Wérél) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Woirel is situated 10 miles (16 km) south of Abbeville, on the D936 road
# David P. Irving

David Purdy Irving (April 6, 1841 – 1922) was a farmer and political figure in Prince Edward Island, Canada. He represented 4th Queens in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1900 to 1912 as a Liberal member.
He was born in Cherry Valley, Prince Edward Island, the son of James Irving and Anne McKenzie. He was educated at Prince of Wales College and taught school for some time. In 1867, he married Anne Tweedy. Irving operated a large orchard at Cherry Valley.
His son James C. Irving also served in the provincial assembly.