OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# M. C. Mehta v. Union of India

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India originated in the aftermath of oleum gas leak from Shriram Food and Fertilisers Ltd. complex at Delhi. This gas leak occurred soon after the infamous Bhopal gas leak and created a lot of panic in Delhi. One person died in the incident and a few were hospitalized. The case lays down the principle of absolute liability and the concept of deep pockets.

## Preliminary objection of the defendants

There was only one preliminary objection filed by the counsel for the defendant, and this was that the Court should not proceed to decide these constitutional issues since there was no claim for compensation originally made in the writ petition and these issues could not be said to arise in the writ petition. However, the Court, while rejecting this objection, said that though it is undoubtedly true that the petitioner could have applied for amendment of the writ petition to include a compensation claim but merely because he did not do so, the applications for compensation cannot be thrown out. These applications for compensation are for enforcement of the fundamental right to life enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution and while dealing with such applications we cannot adopt a hyper-technical approach that would defeat the ends of justice.

## Order of the court

The Supreme Court made the following observation:
    Since we are not deciding the question as to whether Shriram is an authority within the meaning of Article 12 to be subjected to the discipline of the fundamental right under Article 21, we do not think it would be justified in setting up a special machinery for investigation of the claims for compensation made by those who allege that they have been the victims of oleum gas escape. But we would direct that Delhi Legal Aid and Advice Board to take up the cases of all those who claim to have suffered on account of oleum gas and to file actions on their behalf in the appropriate court for claiming compensation against Shriram. Such actions claiming compensation may be filed by the Delhi Legal Aid and Advice Board within two months from today and the Delhi Administration is directed to provide the necessary funds to the Delhi Legal Aid and Advice Board for the purpose of filing and prosecuting such actions.
Thus the High Court was directed to nominate one or more Judges as may be necessary for the purpose of trying such actions so that they may be expeditiously disposed of. Simply because the gas caused death and many people were hospitalised.
# Geumjeongsan

Geumjeongsan (Korean: 금정산; lit. Golden Well Mountain) is a mountain in Busan, South Korea. Its highest peak, Godangbong, stands at 801.5 meters.
The mountain is popular for hiking, although there is a cable car and bus that goes up much of the way. The mountain also has a village, temple, and fortress on it. The views of Busan and the surrounding area from the peak have been praised.

## Description

It has a height of 800.8 m (2,627 ft). The mountain has long been famed for its beauty and structures. It has the temple Beomeosa and Korean fortress Geumjeongsanseong on its slopes.
Geumjeongsan is a popular hiking destination. Some hike up early on New Year's Day, to see the first sunrise of the year. The top is also accessible by cable-car.
Sanseongmaeul (산성마을) is a small rural community built in the mountain valley. It has many restaurants and tourist amenities.

### Peak

Godangbong (고당봉; 姑堂峰) is the highest peak on the mountain. It stands at an altitude of 801.5 meters on the city limit between Busan and Yangsan. Its summit gives a great view of the surroundings, including Gimhae International Airport. On clear days it is possible to see Gimhae and Jinhae District to the south-west and the mountain relief of Tsushima Island half-way in the Korea Strait. It is home to a Gomodang, while Yonghoam Rock and Yongam Cave are located below the south. It takes about an hour and 20 minutes from Beomeosa Temple to the peak via the northern gate.

### Geumsaem

Geumsaem (금샘; 金井; lit. golden fountain) is a naturally formed cavity on top of a granite boulder standing off a cliff about 500 meters east of Godang-bong.
According to the legend a golden fish (Geumeo, 그머) came down from the world of Brahma on a 5-coloured cloud and took residence in the golden fountain. The fountain is said to never dry and the colour of its water is always gold. The names of the mountain and Beomeo temple originated from that legend.
Today the legend is still represented in the symbols of Geumjeong District. The gu's logo represent the fountain and the gu's character is a cartoon representation of Geumeo.

## Gallery

* Sanseong, the village on the mountain (2011)
* Marker indicating the Godangbong summit (2006)
* Geumsaem (2006)
* Riding the cable car (2011)
* View of Busan from the mountain (2011)
* Beomeosa, the temple on the mountain (2007)
# Dehleez (2009 TV series)

Dehleez is an Indian Hindi-language television series which aired on NDTV Imagine in 2009. It was produced by Manish Goswami.

## Plot

The story revolves around how Indu manages the balance between the responsibility of being a wife and working woman at the same time.

## Cast

* Preeti Gandwani
* Bhuvnesh Mann
* Yuvraj S Singh
* Rakesh Pandey
* Bhavna Khanna
* Preeti Sahay
* Sunil Barve
* Nishant Shokeen
* Nimai Bali
* Aarti Dave
* Geeta Tyagi as Nalini
* Trishika Tiwari
* Savita Prabhune
* Tanya Mirza
* Sujata Thakkar
* Arup Pal
* Gaurav Choudhary
* Harsh Chhaya
# Thimbirigasyaya Divisional Secretariat

Thimbirigasyaya Divisional Secretariat is a Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District, of Western Province, Sri Lanka.
There are 20 Grama Nildhari Divisions under the divisional secretariate. 3 Medical Officer of Health(MOH) Areas (Colombo West, Colombo East, and Borella) and 2 Educational Offices (Colombo South and Borella) serve this region.

## History

Established on 03-March-1999 through the public administration decentralization initiative.

## Grama Niladhari Divisions

There are 20 GN divisions in Thimbirigasyaya Divisional Secretariat.
* Bambalapitiya
* Borella North
* Borella South
* Dematagoda
* Gothamipura
* Havelock Town
* Kirula
* Kirulapone
* Kollupitiya
* Kuppiyawatte East
* Kuppiyawatte West
* Kurunduwatte
* Milagiriya
* Narahenpita
* Pamankada East
* Pamankada West
* Thimbirigasyaya
* Wanathamulla
* Wellawatte North
* Wellawatte South
# 2002 in Luxembourg

The following lists events that happened during 2002 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

## Incumbents

| Position | Incumbent |
| Grand Duke | Henri |
| Prime Minister | Jean-Claude Juncker |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Lydie Polfer |
| President of the Chamber of Deputies | Jean Spautz |
| President of the Council of State | Marcel Sauber |
| Mayor of Luxembourg City | Paul Helminger |

## Events
### January – March

* 1 January – The Euro Currency officially became the legal tender for Luxembourg, along with the other European Union (EU) Eurozone member area countries, replacing the Luxembourgish franc by being introduced physically with the official launch of the currency coins and banknotes. Luxembourg entered a period where specifically both the Euro Currency and the Luxembourgish franc were in dual circulation until specifically 28 February.
* 28 January – The government signs a treaty with France, at Rémilly, agreeing to extend the TGV Est to Luxembourg City.
* 18 February – Arcelor is launched as an operating concern.
* 28 February – Luxembourg franc banknotes and coins cease to be legal tender.
* 29 March – SES launches its 3A satellite.

### April – June

* 7 May – Jean-Claude Juncker delivers his eighth State of the Nation address.
* 24 May – FC Avenir Beggen win the Luxembourg Cup, beating F91 Dudelange 1–0 in the final.
* 2 June – Marcus Ljungqvist wins the 2002 Tour de Luxembourg, with Team Fakta picking up the team title.

### July – September

* 7 July – Luxembourg City plays host to the grand départ of the 2002 Tour de France.
* 6 September – Utopia Group SA formed from the merger of Utopia SA and Dutch company Polyfilm BV.
* 13 September – The most southern section of the A7 motorway, between the Grünewald and Waldhof, opens.

### October – December

* 6 November – Luxair Flight 9642 crashes near Niederanven, on the approach to Luxembourg-Findel. 20 of the 22 passengers and crew members die.
* 26 November – SES' 1K satellite fails to deploy properly after launch, requiring it to be deorbited. This is SES's first unintended loss.

## Deaths

* 4 February – Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland
* 24 April – Lucien Wercollier, sculptor
* 24 June – Pierre Werner, politician
* 6 November – Michel Majerus, artist
# Rosemary Stasek

Rosemary Stasek (August 10, 1963 – September 24, 2009) was an American elected official and activist in Mountain View, California who traveled to Afghanistan regularly to offer outreach efforts to the girls and women living there.

## Biography

Stasek was born in McAdoo Pennsylvania to a mother who worked in the garment industry and a coal miner father. She was the first in her family to attend college, graduating from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, with a Bachelor's degree in Economics in 1985. She made the Dean's List and was the manager of the football and wrestling teams.
In 2009, she was one of 25 alumnae recognized for efforts "to better the lives of women locally and who embody the richness of internationalism" and served as keynote speaker at the University's Recognition Reception for Outstanding Work for the Advancement of Women, held as part of International Women's Day.

### Politician

She was elected to the Mountain View, California City Council in 1996 and re-elected in 2000. That year, she was elected by the Council to serve as the city's Mayor. During her time in office, she also chaired the Council's Technology Committee. Stasek represented Mountain View on the CalTrain Policy Advisory Board and the Santa Clara County Emergency Preparedness Council. These two organizations oversaw and addressed issues of Homeland Security in the US.

### Activist

She first traveled to Afghanistan in 2002. The trip inspired her to found the nongovernmental organization called, "A Little Help." Through her efforts during regular trips to the country, she set out to help the local population by building new schools, contributing books and medical supplies and working in women's prisons and maternity hospitals.
Stasek was an award-winning food preserver. She taught classes on food preservation which included: making jams, jellies and pickles. In 2004, Stasek traveled to Afghanistan to teach Afghan women how to preserve food and generate revenue from home-based businesses.
Rosemary Stasek died at 46 on September 24, 2009 in Kabul, Afghanistan of a heart attack possibly due to complications from multiple sclerosis. Her husband Morne Du Preez survived her.
# Víctor Urruchúa

Víctor Urruchúa (30 December 1912 – 1981) was a Mexican actor, film director and screenwriter. He appeared in 24 films between 1926 and 1951. He also directed 15 films between 1944 and 1953.

## Selected filmography

* Two Monks (1934 - actor)
* Judas (1936 - actor)
* The Priest's Secret (1941 - actor)
* Simón Bolívar (1942 - actor)
* Lightning in the South (1943)
* Ramona (1946 - directed)
* Luz en el páramo (1953 - directed)
# Schroeder's Pants Cave

Schroeder's Pants Cave is a cave located by Goodell Corners in Herkimer County, New York. It was initially explored in the 1950s by Herbert W. Schroeder and George A. Buck, teachers at the high school in Dolgeville, New York, and named for Mr. Schroeder after he tore out the seat of his pants during an early exploratory venture. In 1965 James G. Mitchell from Manheim, New York died of hypothermia after becoming stranded on a rope in a 75-foot (23 m) pit in the cave with a frigid waterfall. Initial efforts to recover Mitchell's body failed. A rescue team was flown from Washington, D.C., on Air Force Two. A three-day effort to retrieve Mitchell was aborted after repeated failures and a partial collapse. The cave was abandoned and blasted shut, essentially making the cave a tomb. Over 5000 dollars were spent on him to retrieve the body; Mitchell's death made headlines again forty-one years later when a group returned to the cave and successfully recovered his remains. Supposedly the cave waters were dye traced to East Creek 3 miles (4.8 km) away.
# Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin 2019 – Men's freestyle 57 kg

The men's freestyle 57 kg is a competition featured at the Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin 2019, and was held in Krasnoyarsk, Russia on 24 January.

## Medalists

| Gold | Muslim Sadulaev |
| Silver | Abasgadzhi Magomedov |
| Bronze | Thomas Gilman (USA) |
| Bronze | Nasanbuyan Narmandakh (MGL) |

## Results
### Legend

* F — Won by fall
* WO — Won by walkover (forfeit)

### Final

| Final | Final |
| Muslim Sadulaev | 4 |
| Abasgadzhi Magomedov | 4 |

### Top half

| Round of 8 | Round of 8 | Round of 4 | Round of 4 | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| | | Muslim Sadulaev | 4 | | |
| | | Wanhao Zou (CHN) | 3 | | |
| | | | | Muslim Sadulaev | 11 |
| | | | | Nasanbuyan Narmandakh (MGL) | 0 |
| | | Nasanbuyan Narmandakh (MGL) | 9 | | |
| | | Amirkhan Guvazhokov | 6 | | |
| Abzal Okenov (KAZ) | 4 | | | | |
| Bekhbayar Erdenebat (MGL) | 10 | Bekhbayar Erdenebat (MGL) | 2 | | |
| Zane Richards (USA) | 7 | Tuvshintulga Tumenbileg (MGL) | 1 | | |
| Tuvshintulga Tumenbileg (MGL) | 8 | | | Bekhbayar Erdenebat (MGL) | 5 |
| Abasgadzhi Magomedov | 13 | | | Abasgadzhi Magomedov | 5 |
| Ahmet Peker (TUR) | 3 | Abasgadzhi Magomedov | 12$^F$ | | |
| Thomas Gilman (USA) | 10 | Thomas Gilman (USA) | 6 | | |
| Aleksei Blanco (CUB) | 0 | | | | |

## Repechage

| Repechage round 1 | Repechage round 2 | Repechage round 2 | Bronze medals | Bronze medals |
| - | Ahmet Peker (TUR) | 0 | Thomas Gilman (USA) | 14 |
| - | Thomas Gilman (USA) | 9 | Bekhbayar Erdenebat (MGL) | 8 |
| - | - | | Wanhao Zou (CHN) | 4 |
| - | - | | Nasanbuyan Narmandakh (MGL) | 4 |
# Dipak Kumar Sen

Dipak Kumar Sen was the Chief Justice of Patna High Court. He was also the acting Governor of Bihar.
Sen was born on 1 May 1927. He attended St. Gregory's School in Dacca, Khulna Zilla School, and Presidency College, Calcutta. On 17 November 1950, he was called to the Bar by Grays Inn, London.
# 2019 in Bahrain

Events in the year 2019 in Bahrain.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa
* Prime Minister: Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa

## Events

* 4 February – 25-year-old Australian footballer and refugee from Bahrain, Hakeem al-Araibi, is ordered to defend an extradition order back to Bahrain in a Bangkok court, after being detained upon arrival in Thailand for his honeymoon with his wife in November 2018. International community is treating it as a human rights issue; a campaign to free al-Araibi and return him to Australia is growing.
* 14 March – USS Devastator is damaged by fire while at a Bahrain dock.
* 28 June – More than 200 demonstrators break into the courtyard of Bahrain's embassy in Baghdad and take down the kingdom's flag to protest a U.S.-led meeting in Bahrain on the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.
* 26 September – The Major Criminal Court in Bahrain sentences four people to jail terms for setting up a terror group with the aim of launching attacks on police, and related crimes. Two are fugitives tried in absentia.
# María Teresa (TV series)

María Teresa is a 1972 Venezuelan telenovela written by Cuban writer Delia Fiallo and broadcast on Venevisión. The telenovela starred Lupita Ferrer and José Bardina as the main protagonists.

## Plot

María Teresa is a beautiful and charming woman who lives with her sickly mother Magdalena and her hard-working father Antonio. María Teresa works at a flower shop and one day, she meets Román, a young man who plays piano at a restaurant nearby. They both fall in love with each other, though she doesn't know that he is actually a millionaire.
María Teresa tells her mother she has fallen in love with Román López Bello. Seeing that she will die soon, she reveals to her husband Antonio that Teresa isn't his daughter but the daughter of her sister Eleonor who went to jail for the alleged murder of Román's father. Eleonor wasn't responsible for his death. His brother, Alfredo Fuentes Tovar, is. Years later, Eleanor is released from jail and introduces herself as María Teresa's aunt. When María Teresa introduces Román to her, she recognizes the similarities he has with his father and, afraid that her secret will be known, tries to separate them. María Eugenia also is opposed to the relationship due to mere social prejudices. Alfredo who still lives with his sister tries to reconcile with Eleanor but she cannot forgive him because of his weakness in the past, and he mistakes Reina, her niece, to be their daughter.

## Cast

* Lupita Ferrer- María Teresa Fuentes Tovar de López Bello/ Muñeca Montiel
* José Bardina- Román López Bello
* Ivonne Attas- Reina
* Jorge Félix- Hugo Falcon
* Reneé De Pallás- María Eugenia Fuentes Tovar Vda. de López Bello
* Eva Blanco- Leonor
* Orángel Delfín- Alfredo Fuentes Tovar
* Carlos Subero
* Rebeca González- Any
* Néstor Zavarce- Santiago
* Betty Ruth
* Enrique Alzugaray
* Ana Castell
* Caridad Canelón
* Chumico Romero
* Martha Lancaste
* Jose Oliva
* Susana Duijm

## Versions

| Telenovela | Year | Protagonists | Channel |
| Angélica | 1985 | Erika Buenfil Sergio Goyri | Televisa |
| Primavera | 1987 | Gigi Zancheta Fernando Carrillo | RCTV |
| Rosangelica | 1993 | Sonya Smith Víctor Cámara | Venevisión |
| Rosalinda | 1999 | Thalía Fernando Carrillo | Televisa |
# Do Abi-ye Olya

Do Abi-ye Olya (Persian: دوابي عليا, also Romanized as Do Ābī-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Do Ābī-ye Bālā) is a village in Miankuh Rural District, Chapeshlu District, Dargaz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 197, in 43 families.

## geography

Do Abi-ye Olya has mountainous terrain. Do Abi-ye Olya is 1064m above sea level, it is near mountain like Kūh-e Khar Poshteh Dāgh and Reshteh-ye Būgmīsht
# Chikuwa

Chikuwa (竹輪) is a Japanese fishcake product made from fish surimi. After being mixed well, they are wrapped around a bamboo or metal stick and steamed or broiled. The word chikuwa ("bamboo ring") comes from the shape when it is sliced.
Variants of surimi products such as kamaboko and satsuma age are popular. In Tottori, the per-household consumption has been the highest of all prefectures for the past 30 years, since the first year such records were kept. As it is cheap and a relatively low-fat source of protein, chikuwa is popular as a snack.
Chikuwa should not be confused with chikuwabu, which is an altogether different food product.

## Composition

Chikuwa is made of surimi, or ground white fish. Some species used include:
* Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)
* Various shark species (Selachimorpha)
* Various flying fish species (Exocoetidae)
* Okhotsk atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus azonus)
* Golden threadfin bream (Nemipterus virgatus)
* Black bass
** Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)
** Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
** Florida black bass (Micropterus floridanus)

## Use

Chikuwa can be eaten as-is. It is also often used as an ingredient for nimono like oden, chikuzenni, chirashizushi, udon, yakisoba, yasai-itame (Vegetable stir fry), and Japanese curry.

## Regional variation

There are several regional varieties. In the east part of Tottori and part of Nagasaki, tofu chikuwa is produced that adds tofu to surimi. Often, firm tofu is the preferred selection.
In Yawatahama, Ehime, kawa-chikuwa (literally skin chikuwa) is produced: fish skin is wrapped around the skewers and broiled. This is a by-product of regular chikuwa, however, texture and taste are different.
In Shikokuchūō, Ehime, there is ebi-chikuwa, which contains shrimp paste in surimi.
In Komatsushima, Tokushima, there is take chikuwa (literally bamboo chikuwa), which remains on the bamboo after it is broiled.
Australian sushi restaurants may stuff the hollow with cheese (processed or soft ones like Brie) and deep-fry them in tempura batter.

## Gallery

* Served at an izakaya
* Simmered chikuwa with a bowl of ochazuke, and hijiki seaweed
* In oden
* Fried with nori flakes
* With cucumber
# Drijenak

Drijenak (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Дријенак) is a village in the municipality of Kolašin, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, its population was 525.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Montenegrins | 268 | 51.0% |
| Serbs | 209 | 39.8% |
| other/undeclared | 48 | 9.1% |
| Total | 525 | 100% |
# A Tribute to Miles

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
A Tribute to Miles is a tribute album recorded by the then surviving members of the Miles Davis "Second Great" Quintet: pianist Herbie Hancock, saxophonist Wayne Shorter, bassist Ron Carter and drummer Tony Williams. Taking the Davis role was trumpeter Wallace Roney.
This album won all five men the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group at the 37th Annual Grammy Awards.

## Track listing

* "So What" (Live) (Miles Davis) - 10:20
* "RJ" (Ron Carter) - 4:06
* "Little One" (Herbie Hancock) - 7:20
* "Pinocchio" (Wayne Shorter) - 5:44
* "Elegy" (Tony Williams) - 8:42
* "Eighty One" (Miles Davis, Ron Carter) - 7:31
* "All Blues" (Live) (Miles Davis) - 15:14
Source:

## Personnel

Musicians
* Herbie Hancock – piano, calliope
* Wayne Shorter – tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone
* Wallace Roney – trumpet
* Ron Carter – bass
* Tony Williams – drums
Production
* Herbie Hancock – producer
* Wayne Shorter – producer
* Ron Carter – producer
* Tony Williams – producer, liner notes
* Suzy Gaal – associate producer
* Tony Meilandt – executive producer
* James Heffernan – executive producer
* Bob Skye – engineer (live recording: tracks 1, 7)
* Tomoo Suzuki – engineer (studio recording: tracks 2–6, mixing)
* Allen Sides – engineer (mixing)
* Bernie Grundman – engineer (mastering)
* Manny LaCarrubba – assistant engineer
* Tom Hardisty – assistant engineer
* Dave Hecht – assistant engineer
* Eric Rudd – assistant engineer
* Mark Gilbeault – assistant engineer
* Rall Rogut – assistant engineer
* Hiroyuki Arakawa – photography
* Yohji Yamamoto – costume design
* Maxine Van-Cliffe Arakawa – art direction
* Takashi Ohmura – hair & make-up
* Dirk Walter – package design, illustration
# Catharine F. Easterly

Catharine Friend Easterly (born December 18, 1970) is an associate judge of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, the highest appellate court for the District of Columbia.

## Biography
### Early life

Easterly was born in Boston, Massachusetts to Harry and Patsy Easterly, and raised in Richmond, Virginia, where she graduated from St. Catherine's School. She majored in history at Yale College, graduating in 1992, and received her Juris Doctor degree from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1996.

## Career

During her law school summers Easterly worked at the Maryland Office of the Public Defender, the Legal Aid Society of the District of Columbia, and the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia. After law school, Easterly worked as an appellate public defender in New York for four and a half years, first at the Legal Aid Society of Nassau County and then at the Office of the Appellate Defender in New York City.
From 2001 to 2003, Easterly practiced civil and criminal litigation at a law firm in New York and then as a solo practitioner in Washington, D.C. During this period her clients included the Metropolitan Opera. In April 2003, she returned to D.C.'s Public Defender Service, where she worked in the Special Litigation Division until she was appointed to the bench. In that role she litigated civil and criminal cases, wrote amicus briefs, and testified before the Council of the District of Columbia.
Easterly was nominated for the D.C. Court of Appeals by President Barack Obama on August 2, 2011, and confirmed by the Senate on November 18, 2011.