OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Irvin Studer

Irvin William Studer (15 November 1900 – 1 June 1997) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States and became a farmer by career.
Studer was elected at the Maple Creek riding in the 1949 general election, after a previous unsuccessful attempt there in 1945. He was re-elected there in 1949. After electoral district changes, Studer became the Liberal candidate in the merged Swift Current—Maple Creek riding where he was returned to Parliament in 1953 and 1957. In the 1958 election, Studer was defeated by Jack McIntosh of the Progressive Conservative party. Studer made two further unsuccessful attempts to unseat McIntosh in the 1962 and 1963 elections.
# Porcellana platycheles

Porcellana platycheles, the broad-clawed porcelain crab, is a species of porcelain crab from the family Porcellanidae. It is found on the coasts of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea

## Description

Porcellana platycheles may attain a length of 15 millimetres (0.59 in). This species has wide, flattened front claws and two long antennae. It is greenish-brown on its back while the belly is off white. It has a small abdomen which it tucks under its carapace. The last pair of legs are highly reduced and are normally hidden making the crab appear to have only three pairs of walking legs. The body is flattened and the legs end in sharp claws, which are used to grip the underside of the rocks they live under. Porcelain crabs are more closely related to lobsters and squat lobsters than "true" crabs, a relationship hinted at by their long antennae.

## Distribution

Porcellana platycheles is distributed from Norway to the Canary Islands and throughout the Mediterranean. In Britain it is widely distributed around all coastlines from Shetland to Scilly.

## Habitat and biology

Porcellana platycheles are found beneath rocks and boulders on rocky coasts. It is mainly found where there is mud and gravel in the mid to lower intertidal zones but is occasionally found as low as the shallow subtidal zone. It is a filter-feeding crab, using specially adapted hairs on its mouthparts to filter plankton from the water and it feeds on carrion and other organic debris. This crab needs a habitat with organic matter and has a preference for more sheltered shores, particularly where there has been material deposited among the rocks.
# Hogupo station

Hogupo Station (Korean: 호구포역) is a station on the Suin–Bundang Line as a part of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system as of June 30, 2012. It is located in Nonhyeon-dong, Namdong District, Incheon.
It was an abandoned railway station as Nonhyeon Station. It opened in 1967 and closed in the 1970s.
# Badam Natawan

Badam Natawan (Sindhi: بادام ناتوان, March 1924 – 8 February 1988) was a Sindhi language writer. Her sister Roshan Ara Mughal and daughter Naseem Thebo were also famous writers. She was among the first few Sindhi female writers of Pakistan. She authored three books.

## Childhood and personal life

Badam Natawan was born on 7 March 1924 in Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Her father's name was Muhammad Hassan. Her mother was a headmistress at a local school. She passed matriculation examination from Bombay University. She had good command on Arabic, Persian, English and Sindhi languages. She was married to Mir Abdul Baqui Thebo who was resident of Village Ghari, Taluka Mehar, District Dadu. Her son Mir Thebo was a renowned political activist and communist leader. Her daughter Naseem Thebo was a renowned story writer who was also a faculty member of the Department of Economics of the University of Sindh, Jamshoro. Her second daughter Benazir Thebo and her sister Roshan Ara Mughal were also writers.

## Literary achievements

Badan Natawan started writing when most of the girls were not even allowed to go to school. She was among the first few Sindhi female writers. Her first book Shikasta Zindagi (Sindhi: شڪسته زندگي)(Unsuccessful Life) was published in 1950 in two volumes. This book was published by Bashir & Sons Karachi. Her second book Khush Khaslat Khatoon (Sindhi: خوش خصلت خاتون)(Good Mannered Woman) was published in 1956 by Sindhi Adabi Board Jamshoro. Her third book Qalbi Ujja (Sindhi: قلبي اڃ) was published in 1966 by Moulvi Muhammad Azeem & Sons, Shikarpur.
She also authored following books which are yet to be published:
* Runam Rat Phura (Sindhi: رنم رت ڦڙا)
* Khalwat Men (Sindhi: خلوت ۾)
* Nimani Nar (Sindhi: نماڻي نار)

## Death

Badam Natawan died on 8 February 1988.
# Histoires tragiques

Histoires tragiques ('tragic stories') were a genre of French fiction in 16th-17th centuries, a Baroque rendering of Boccaccio's type of short stories, concentrating on the dark side of human nature.
The progenitor of this kind of a story was Pierre Boaistuau with his translation of Matteo Bandello's Novelli published in French as Histoires tragiques (1559). Boaistuau selected from Bandello six most dark and gorey stories and changed them for his means. He was followed by François de Belleforest who adapted 12 more stories for the new edition in 1570.
Those dark mood stories were imitated by writers like Jacques Yver (Le Printemps d’Yver, 1572), Vérité Habanc (Nouvelles Histoires tant tragiques que comiques, 1585), Bénigne Poissenot (Nouvelles Histoires Tragiques, 1586), Alexandre Sylvain (Epitomes de cent histoires tragicques, 1581), and Bruneau de Rivedoux (Histoire véritable de certains voyages périlleux et hasardeux sur la mer, 1599).
François de Rosset began to borrow plots for his tragic stories from contemporary crime chronicle (Les Histoires tragiques de nostre temps, 1615), and this innovation proved to be extremely popular.
Another important author is Jean-Pierre Camus who adds infernal and diabolical themes.

## Literature

* Poli, Sergio. Histoire(s) tragique(s) : anthologie-typologie d'un genre littéraire. Fasano, Schena, 1991. 520 p.
* Ferrari, Stéphan. Histoire tragique et grande histoire : Rencontre de deux genres. Dalhousie French Studies, Winter 2003, 65, p. 18-35.
* This article about French culture is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# The Little Gangster (2015 film)

The Little Gangster (Dutch: De Boskampi's) is a 2015 Dutch film directed by Arne Toonen and Arent Jack.
The film is based on the book De Boskampi's, een legendarische maffiafamilie by Marjon Hoffman.

## Awards

The film won the Best Dutch Family Film at the 2015 Cinekid Festival, both the jury prize and the audience prize. The film won the Michel Award at the 2015 Filmfest Hamburg as well as the audience award at the Seoul International Youth Film Festival. The film also won the jury award at Oulu International Children's and Youth Film Festival.

## Cast

* Thor Braun as Rikkie
* Henry van Loon as Paul
* Meral Polat as Gina
* René van 't Hof as Fred
* Rick Lens as Roderick
* Thijn Brobbel as Noah
* Noël Keulen as Anton
* Ellen Pieters as Riet
* Loes Haverkort as Wanda
* Lineke Rijxman as Gerda
* Luciano Hiwat as Davie
* Dylan Pijper as Jaap
* Joes Brauers as Menno
* Sep Tamminga as Dirk
* Joop Kasteel as Gio
* Fedja van Huêt as Marco SR
* Maas Bronkhuyzen as Marco JR
* Teun Luijkx as Gymleraar nieuwe school
* Raymond Thiry as Commandant Cornelissen
* Horace Cohen as Rechercheur
# Justin Mengolo

Justin Junior Mengolo (born 24 June 1993) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a winger or forward for Jordanian club Al-Salt.

## Club career

Mengolo started his career in Cameroon with Panthère du Ndé, before moving onto Tunisian football to sign for Étoile du Sahel. One goal in fifteen appearances followed in Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 for Mengolo before he left to join Cypriot First Division club Omonia in 2013. In January 2014, he departed as he joined fellow Cypriot top-tier side Nea Salamina on loan. He scored five times in seventeen appearances in Cyprus for the two aforementioned teams prior to leaving to complete a move to Universitatea Cluj in Romania's Liga I.
In January 2016, Mengolo joined Levski Sofia in Bulgaria but left five months later. He was a free agent from July 2016 to January 2017 when he signed for Nemzeti Bajnokság I side Debrecen. He left the team at the end of the 2017/18 season.
On 28 September 2018, Mengolo signed for Romanian club Astra Giurgiu.
In December 2018, Mengolo signed for Maltese Premier League leaders, Gzira United FC. In February 2020, Mengolo then moved to Al-Salt in Jordan.

## International career

Mengolo has won two caps for the Cameroon national team, both caps came in June 2015.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 8 May 2018
Club statistics :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Étoile du Sahel | 2012–13 | Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 | 15 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 1 |
| Étoile du Sahel | Total | Total | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 1 |
| Omonia Nicosia | 2013–14 | Cypriot First Division | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Omonia Nicosia | Total | Total | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Nea Salamis | 2013–14 | Cypriot First Division | 13 | 5 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 13 | 5 |
| Nea Salamis | Total | Total | 13 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 5 |
| Universitatea Cluj | 2014–15 | Liga I | 28 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 34 | 5 |
| Universitatea Cluj | Total | Total | 28 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 5 |
| Levski Sofia | 2015–16 | A Group | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Levski Sofia | Total | Total | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Debrecen | 2016–17 | Nemzeti Bajnokság I | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Debrecen | 2017–18 | Nemzeti Bajnokság I | 18 | 4 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 21 | 5 |
| Debrecen | Total | Total | 24 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 6 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 96 | 15 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112 | 17 |

## Honours
### Club

Étoile du Sahel
* Tunisian Cup: 2011–12
# Enonchong

Enonchong is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Henry Ndifor Abi Enonchong (1934–2008), Cameroonian barrister
* Rebecca Enonchong (born 1967), Cameroonian technology entrepreneur, daughter of Henry
# CD78

CD78 is a protein expressed on the surface of some immature and all mature B-cells. It is considered a pan-B cell antigen. Other names include Cdw78, Ba antigen, Leu21 and LO-panB-a.

## Function

It is part of the MHC class II.

## Expression

CD78 is expressed on all stages of B cell development from pre-B cell through plasma cells. Its expression is strongest on activated B cells.
It is also present on tissue macrophages and on epithelial cells.

## Clinical significance

With flow cytometry, it can be used to detect B cells during many stages of their development. It is one of relatively few markers usefully expressed on plasma cells, and when combined with detection of markers such as CD22, can be used to determine the relative proportion of plasma cells.
# Jacques d'Étampes de Valençay

Jacques d'Étampes de Valençay (born c. 1585, Château de Valençay; died ? ) held the French honorific titles Lord of Valençay and Grand Marshal of the Dwelling House of the King. d'Étampes de Valençay was Governor of Calais, and made a Knight of the Holy Spirit in 1619.
He was the son of Jacques d'Étampes de Valençay, and brother of Léonore d'Étampes de Valençay, Achille d'Étampes de Valençay, and Jean d'Étampes de Valençay.
# Drogiszka

Drogiszka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzegowo, within Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Mława and 92 km (57 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# Leading Island

Leading Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is located at the confluence of Hudson Strait and the Labrador Sea.
Leading Island, west of Holdridge Island, is a small islet with an elevation of only 9 m (30 ft) above sea level. It is a member of the Button Islands.
Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Dolphin Island, King Island, Niels Island, and Observation Island.
# Ptychandra ohtanii

Ptychandra ohtanii is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its forewing length is 26–29 mm. The species resembles P. lorquinii. Black hair-pencil is arising in space 3 of forewing upperside in P. ohtanii whereas arising on cubitus in P. lorquinii. The nominotypical subspecies is distributed only on Mount Apo on Mindanao island. Another subspecies is found on Leyte island. The species is rare on both islands.
Etymology. The specific name is dedicated to Mr.Takuya OHTANI, Japanese butterfly collector.

## Subspecies

* Ptychandra ohtanii ohtanii H. Hayashi, [1978]
* Ptychandra ohtanii lizae H. Hayashi, [1984] (Leyte)
# Moyie Lake Provincial Park

Moyie Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Moyie Lake, part of the Moyie River.
# CD81

CD81 molecule, also known as CD81 (Cluster of Differentiation 81), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD81 gene. It is also known as 26 kDa cell surface protein, TAPA-1 (Target of the Antiproliferative Antibody 1), and Tetraspanin-28 (Tspan-28).

## Gene

The gene is located on the plus strand of the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p15.5). It is 20,103 bases in length and encodes a protein of 236 amino acids (predicted molecular weight 25.809 kDa).
The protein does not appear to be post translationally modified and has four transmembrane domains. Both the N-terminus and C-terminus lie on the intracellular side of the membrane.
The gene is expressed in hemopoietic, endothelial, and epithelial cells. It is absent from erythrocytes, platelets, and neutrophils.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. This protein appears to promote muscle cell fusion and support myotube maintenance. Also it may be involved in signal transduction. This gene is localized in the tumor-suppressor gene region and thus it is a candidate gene for malignancies.
The tetraspanin family includes CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, CD81 (this protein), CD82 and CD151.
CD81 interacts directly with immunoglobulin superfamily member 8 (IGSF8, CD316) and CD36. It forms a signal transduction complex with CD19, CD21 and Leu-13 (CD225) on the surface of the B cell. On T cells CD81 associates with CD4 and CD8 and provides a costimulatory signal with CD3.

## Clinical significance

This protein plays a critical role in Hepatitis C attachment and/or cell entry by interacting with virus' E1/E2 glycoproteins heterodimer. The large extracellular loop of CD81 binds the hepatitis E2 glycoprotein dimer. HCV-E2 and CD81 binding Kd is 1.8 nM. HCV-E2 engaged CD81 is only 30% internalized after 12hr, suggesting CD81 may be primarily an attachment receptor for HCV.
It also appears to play a role in liver invasion by Plasmodium species. CD81 is required for Plasmodium vivax sporozoite entry into human hepatocytes and for Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite entry into murine hepatocytes.
HIV gag proteins use tetraspanin enriched microdomains (containing minimally CD81, CD82, CD63) as a platform for virion assembly and release. Purified HIV produced by MOLT\HIV cells contains CD81. Anti-CD81 antibodies downregulate HIV production 3 fold, however the CD81 protein free virus is more infectious. Engagement of CD81 lowers the signaling threshold required to trigger T-Cell\CD3 mediated proviral DNA in CD4+ T cells.
CD81 appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of influenza.

## Interactions

CD81 has been shown to interact with TSPAN4, CD19, CD9, PTGFRN, CD117 and CD29.

### Ligands

Benzyl salicylate and terfenadine have been shown to bind to CD81.
# Centre for Astrophysics of the University of Porto

41°09′02.29″N 8°38′19.18″W﻿ / ﻿41.1506361°N 8.6386611°W﻿ / 41.1506361; -8.6386611
The Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto (Centre for Astrophysics of the University of Porto - CAUP) is a private, non-profit scientific association, recognized as being of public utility by the Portuguese Government. It was created in May of 1989 by the Universidade do Porto.
Its objectives include the promotion and support of astronomy through
* research
* education at graduate and undergraduate levels
* activities for primary and secondary schools
* science outreach and the popularisation of astronomy
CAUP is responsible for the scientific management of the Porto Planetarium.

## Research

CAUP's research activity is developed through the Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (IA), an R&D unit registered in Portugal's Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCT), which resulted from the merger of the two most prominent research units in the field in Portugal: CAUP, at the University of Porto, and the Centro de Astronomia e Astrofísica da Universidade de Lisboa (CAAUL), at the University of Lisbon. In 2021, IA expanded with the creation of the University of Coimbra pole.
IA's research is organized in the following groups:
* Towards the detection and characterization of other Earths
* Towards a comprehensive study of stars
* The assembly history of galaxies resolved in space and time
* Unveiling the dynamics of the Universe
* Astronomical Instrumentation and Systems
* Science Communication

## Science Communication

Through its Outreach Unit, CAUP promotes science communication activities aimed at schools, the general public and media. It is a part of IA's Science Communication Group and CAUP is responsible for managing the Porto Planetarium - Ciência Viva Center.

## CAUP Directors

* Maria Teresa V. T. Lago (1989–2006)
* Mário João P. F. G. Monteiro (2006–2012)
* Pedro Pina Avelino (2012–2014)
* João José F. G. A. Lima (2015–2018)
* Jarle Brinchmann (2018-2024)
# Lawson Island

Lawson Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is located at the confluence of Hudson Strait and the Labrador Sea.
The island, a member of the Button Islands, is situated in the northeast part of the grouping, south-southwest of Lacy Island. It is the largest of the Button Islands. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Holdridge Island, King Island, Leading Island, MacColl Island, and Observation Island.
Lawson Island's summit, Button Hill, rises to 255 m (837 ft) on its eastern side. Minto Anchorage is on the island's southwestern side and provides good anchorage in 36.6 m (120 ft) gravel and clay.
# Saleh Z. Habal

Saleh Zahed Habal (born 1 February 1919) is a Syrian diplomat.

## Life and career

Habal was born on 1 February 1919 in Damascus, Syria from a Pasha father. He studied history in the United States of America. He passed his thesis in 1949 at Pennsylvania State University.
He served as a diplomat for 40 years at the United Nations for missions in Africa. He was the Director of Documentation in the Embassy of the United Nations in Khartoum. He was one of the first Syrians to serve as a diplomat at the United Nations. His missions were in Rwanda, Congo, and Sudan.
Habal moved to Rego Park, Queens in 1967, six years after the birth of his first son. He then worked at the United Nations in New York and continued his humanitarian efforts.

## Publications

* Habal, Saleh Zahed (1949). A Study on Arabic Patriotism. Translated by Ila-l-awtan, Kitab Al-hanin. Al-Jahiz University Microfilms.
# Gateway to Peace

Gateway to Peace (German: Das Tor zum Frieden) is a 1951 Austrian drama film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner and starring Paul Hartmann, Vilma Degischer and Hilde Krahl.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Fritz Jüptner-Jonstorff.

## Cast

* Paul Hartmann as Paul Dressler, ungarischer Gutsbesitzer
* Vilma Degischer as Elisabeth Dressler
* Michael Tellering as Martin - beider Sohn
* Ida Krottendorf as Luise - beider Tochter
* Hilde Krahl as Maria Gebhart, Konzertsängerin
* Walter Ladengast as Thomas
* Günter Krula as Der kleine Niki - beider Sohn
* Klaus Dorneich as Der große Niki - beider Sohn
* Kurt Bülau as Toni Neubauer, Baumeister
* Gisa Wurm as Mutter Thomas
* Hans Franz Pokorny as Moosbauer
* Maria von Höslin as Die Moosbäuerin
* Jutta Bornemann as Magd Klara
* Alfred Schnayder as Organist
* Pater Beda as Pater
# Jennifer Dougherty

Jennifer P. Dougherty (born April 13, 1961) was elected Frederick, Maryland's first female mayor in 2001. Dougherty defeated 2-term incumbent Republican Mayor James S. Grimes.
Dougherty campaigned for re-election in 2005 but did not win the Democratic primary, losing to opponent Ron Young. Dougherty and Young both ran bitter, negative campaigns in which each attacked the other.
Dougherty was the Democratic nominee for Maryland's 6th congressional district in 2008.

## Early life and education

Dougherty graduated from Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School in Washington, D.C.. She later graduated from Mount Saint Mary's University in 1983 with a BA in History, magna cum laude. While a student at The Mount, Dougherty was a 4-year varsity field hockey player. She is the only person in The Mount's Athletic Hall of Fame honored for field hockey. Dougherty also wrote for The Mountain Echo, The Mount's official campus-wide newspaper, for 4 years, serving as editor-in-chief in her senior year.

## Career

Dougherty operated Jennifer's Restaurant on West Patrick Street (opened 1987; closed 2008) and Dougherty's Irish Shop (1999–2006). She also served on the Board of Directors of Heartly House, the Frederick County Chamber of Commerce President (1999), and the Rotary Club of Carroll Creek. More recently in December 2009, Dougherty and partner Bruce Rhoderick opened Magoo's Pub and Eatery on West Second Street in Frederick.

## Congressional campaign

On November 19, 2007, Dougherty filed to run for Maryland's 6th congressional district. She won the primary and was the Democratic candidate for congress in 2008 against 8-term Republican Roscoe Bartlett. Bartlett defeated Dougherty in the general election.

## Subsequent mayoral campaigns

Dougherty announced in 2009 that she would again seek the office of mayor of the City of Frederick, but lost in the primary to newcomer Jason Judd. Dougherty has remained visible in Frederick politics and has recently filed a bid for the 2017 mayoral election.
In 2013, Jennifer Dougherty announced that she was running for mayor of Frederick as an independent candidate. The election was held on November 5. Dougherty lost, garnering 19.43 percent of the vote to Democratic nominee Karen Young's 31.59 percent and incumbent Republican Mayor Randy McClement's 48.75 percent.

## Electoral history

| Year | Office | Election | Winner | Party | Votes | % | Opponent | Party | Votes | % | Opponent | Party | Votes | % |
| 2008 | Congress, 6th district | General | Roscoe Bartlett | Republican | 176,062 | 58.18 | Jennifer Dougherty | Democratic | 116,455 | 38.48 | Gary Hoover | Libertarian | 10,101 | 3.34 |
| 2009 | Mayor of Frederick, Maryland | Primary | Jason Judd | Democratic | 1,672 | 58.65 | Jennifer Dougherty | Democratic | 1003 | 35.18 | Chris Simpson | Democratic | 176 | 6.17 |
| 2013 | Mayor of Frederick, Maryland | General | Randy McClement | Republican | 3,714 | 48.75 | Karen Young | Democratic | 2,407 | 31.59 | Jennifer Dougherty | Unaffiliated | 1,480 | 19.43 |