OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mahoning Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania

Mahoning Township is a township in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,709 at the time of the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 3,083 tabulated in 2010.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 25.0 square miles (64.7 km$^2$), of which 24.5 square miles (63.6 km$^2$) is land and 0.4 square miles (1.2 km$^2$), or 1.80%, is water.
The western border of the township is the Ohio state line.
It contains the unincorporated communities of Hillsville, Peanut, Edinburg, North Edinburg, and Robinson.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,447 people, 1,373 households, and 966 families residing in the township.
The population density was 140.4 inhabitants per square mile (54.2/km$^2$). There were 1,436 housing units at an average density of 58.5 per square mile (22.6/km$^2$).
The racial makeup of the township was 98.84% White, 0.29% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.35% of the population.
There were 1,373 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of eighteen living with them; 54.8% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the township the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of eighteen, 6.7% from eighteen to twenty-four, 28.8% from twenty-five to forty-four, 23.9% from forty-five to sixty-four, and 16.9% who were sixty-five years of age or older. The median age was forty years.
For every one hundred females, there were 96.0 males. For every one hundred females aged eighteen and over, there were 94.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $32,267, and the median income for a family was $39,635. Males had a median income of $32,985 compared with that of $21,810 for females.
The per capita income for the township was $15,878.
Roughly 8.7% of families and 10.8% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 15.0% of those under age eighteen and 9.5% of those who were aged sixty-five or over.

## Education

The majority of the township is served by the Mohawk Area School District while the south-easternmost portion, including Edinburg, is served by the Union Area School District.

## Transportation
### Major roads and highways

* US 224
* US 422
* PA 551
# Warren Boyd (swimmer)

Warren Boyd (23 December 1926 – 17 December 2018) was an Australian swimmer. He competed in the men's 100 metre freestyle at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Inquisition (punk band)

Inquisition was an American punk rock band from Richmond, Virginia, United States. They influenced the local scene, and several members went on to form other bands such as Strike Anywhere, River City High, and Ann Beretta.
The band was formed in 1991 when some of the band members were still in high school. In 1992 the original bass player, Leer Baker, left the band and was replaced by Rob Huddleston. They recorded their first full-length album, Broken Songs, and appeared on several 7 inch records and compilations. Their most well-known recording, Revolution, I Think It's Called Inspiration, was released in early 1996 on Pop A Wheelie Records and was re-released in October 2005 on A-F Records.
Their final show was on September 8, 1996, at the Biograph Theatre in Richmond, Virginia with AFI and The Pee Tanks. However, the band came back to Richmond for two reunion shows on May 18 and May 19, 2007. A live CD/DVD featuring the band's reunion performances was released on March 18, 2008, via No Idea Records. Thomas and other members have been known to play acoustic Inquisition sets to small audiences since the reunion, most recently in Richmond on September 21, 2010, with Kevin Seconds.

## Members

* Thomas Barnett (vocals)
* Mark Avery (guitar)
* Rob Huddleston (bass, vocals, 1992–1996)
* Russ Jones (drums)
* Leer Baker (bass, 1991–1992)

## Discography

* Touch the Sun EP (Catheter/Assembly Records - Cassette Only, 1992)
* To Free Them From Fear
* Broken Songs (Homeless Records - Limited release of only 500 Cassettes & 1000 CD's, 1993)
* Ideas Are Bulletproof 7" (Sound Hole Records, 1995)
* We Got A Bomb 7" - Split with Kilara (Pop A Wheelie Records, 1995)
* Revolution, I Think It's Called Inspiration (CD) (Pop A Wheelie Records, 1996)
* Revolution, I Think It's Called Inspiration (LP) (Seven Lucky Records, 2001)
* Revolution, I Think It's Called Inspiration (CD Reissue) (A-F Records, 2005)
* Uproar: Live And Loud (CD/DVD) (No Idea Records, 2008)

## Related bands

* Ann Beretta - Rob Huddleston, Russ Jones
* Foundation - Rob Huddleston
* River City High - Mark Avery
* Strike Anywhere - Thomas Barnett
* (sixer)- Leer Baker
# Robert Deachman

Robert John Deachman (15 December 1878 – 17 February 1955) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Howick Township, Ontario and became a journalist.
Deachman attended the Ontario Agricultural College and attained a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture degree.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Huron North riding in the 1935 general election. After completing one term, the 18th Canadian Parliament, Deachman was defeated in the 1940 election by Elston Cardiff.
Deachman authored various works such as Tory Markets (c. 1935, Dadson-Merrill Press), The transportation Muddle and the Way Out (c. 1919, Western Canada Publishing) and The Wheat Board Fallacy (c. 1919, Western Canada Publishing). Deachman also contributed a preface to Frédéric Bastiat's book Economic Fallacies.
# Flat Island (Nunavut)

Flat Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. Located in the Hudson Strait, it is one of the largest islands lying off the west end of Bush Island. The two islands are separated from each other by Lenz Strait. Hettash and Perrett islands are nearby.
# Frank Hughes (sport shooter)

Frank H. Hughes (January 14, 1881 – June 28, 1942) was an American sport shooter who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics.
In 1924, he won the gold medal as member of the American team in the team clay pigeons competition and the bronze medal in the individual trap. He was born in Neligh, Nebraska and died in Rochester, Minnesota.
# Eddie Ambrose

Edward Elbert Ambrose (April 13, 1894 – June 8, 1994) was an American jockey in Thoroughbred horse racing. In the 1910s and 1920s he rode for top owners such as Harry Payne Whitney, Willis Sharpe Kilmer, and Walter M. Jeffords.
During his career Ambrose had four mounts in the Kentucky Derby and seven in the Preakness Stakes with his best result in both aboard Toro when he finished third in the 1928 Derby and second in the 1928 Preakness for owner Edward B. McLean, publisher of The Washington Post. Among his best mounts was Wildair with whom he won the 1920 Metropolitan Handicap and ran third in the 1920 Preakness and Prudery, considered in retrospect as the American Champion Two and Three-Year-Old, Filly.
In a famous 1920 edition of the Dwyer Stakes involving just two entrants, Ambrose rode John P. Grier to a strong second-place finish against Man o' War.
Ambrose lived to be 100. He was a resident of Towson, Maryland at the time of his death in 1994.
# South Taiwan monsoon rain forests

The South Taiwan monsoon rain forests ecoregion (WWF ID: IM0171) covers the southern tip of Taiwan, 200 km east of the mainland. The area is one of high biodiversity, due to its location between temperate and subtropical zones, its monsoon exposure, and its high altitude variation (from mangrove forests at sea level to inland mountains).

## Location and description

The ecoregion covers only the southernmost 60 km of the island, 70 km west to east at its widest. The central ridge is mountainous, with a flat coastal flat on the northwest. The ecoregion is only 1,000 square miles in area. Much of the southern tip of the island is protected by Kenting National Park. It is bounded on the north by the Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests ecoregion.

## Climate

The climate of the ecoregion is tropical monsoon (Köppen climate classification (Am)). This climate is characterized as having no month averaging below 18 °C (64 °F), and typically a very rainy wet season and relatively short dry season.

## Flora and fauna

The inland mountains support forests of both evergreen and deciduous trees. The evergreens include Chinese banyan (Ficus microcarpa) and Chinese cryptocarya (Cryptocarya chinensis); deciduous trees include Kapok (Bombax ceiba). The coastal mangrove forests feature the Asiatic mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) and Black mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorhiza). The coastal areas support migratory birds on the East Asian–Australasian Flyway.
Forests in Nanjenshan Reserve are of three main types. Low-canopied forests (3–5 meters) grow on northeast-facing (windward) ridges and slopes, with Illicium arborescens and Lithocarpus amygdalifolius as the predominant trees, and Psychotria rubra as the most common shrub. Taller forests (10–15 meter canopy height) grow on leeward (southwest or northwest-facing) slopes, with Schefflera octophylla, Helicia formosana, Ilex cochinchinensis, and species of Fagaceae and Lauraceae as the most abundant canopy trees. In sheltered valley forests Ficus benjamina is the predominant tree, forming a canopy 15 to 20 meters tall. Aglaia elliptifolia is a common tree, and Psychotria rubra is the most common shrub.

## Conservation

A 2017 assessment found that 349 km², or 14%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Another 68% is forested but outside protected areas. Protected areas include:
* Kenting National Park
* Dawu Working Circle Taiwan Amentotaxus Nature Reserve
* Dawushan Nature Reserve
* Kenting Uplifted Coral Reefs Nature Reserve
* Xuhai-Guanyinbi Nature Reserve
* Dawu Taiwan Keteleeria Forest Reserve
* Chachayalaishan Major Wildlife Habitat
* Jin-shuei-ying Major Wildlife Habitat
# Walter Legge (rugby union)

Walter Sydney George Legge (11 November 1911 — 22 December 1984) was a Welsh international rugby union player of the 1930s.
A Newport fullback, Legge gained his first Wales cap in the 1937 Home Nations under fortunate circumstances, having been initially overlooked for the match against Ireland at Belfast. Heavy snow however caused the match to be postponed for several days and the original fullback Tommy Stone was no longer available, meaning a debut for Legge. He kicked Wales' only points of the match through a penalty goal in a 3–5 loss.
Legg was capped a second time against Ireland in a home 1938 Home Nations fixture, deputising an injured Vivian Jenkins. He contributed a touchline conversion to help Wales win the match.
# Joseph Kerr (disambiguation)

Joseph Kerr (1765–1837) was a United States senator from Ohio.
Joseph Kerr may also refer to:
* Joseph Kerr (Canadian politician) (died 1902), merchant and politician from Ontario, Canada
* Joseph Kerr (Wisconsin politician) (died 1855), American politician
* Joe Kerr, an alias used by the DC Comics character Joker
# Lewis Bagot

Lewis Bagot (1 January 1740 – 4 June 1802) was an English cleric who served as the Bishop of Bristol, Norwich, and St Asaph.

## Early life

He was the fifth son of Sir Walter Wagstaffe Bagot of Blithfield Hall, Staffordshire and the former Lady Barbara Legg (a daughter of William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth). Among his elder brothers were William, Lord Bagot, the Rev. Walter Bagot of Pype Hayes Hall (who married Anne Swinnerton and, later, Mary Ward), and Richard Bagot (who married a daughter of Viscount Andover).

## Career

He was educated at Westminster School and at Christ Church, Oxford.
He was ordained in 1765 and was Canon of Christ Church 1771–1777 and Dean of Christ Church 1777–1783. He was appointed Bishop of Bristol in 1782, Bishop of Norwich in 1783 and Bishop of St Asaph 1790.
His portrait appears in the National Portrait Gallery.
# Sirajul Islam

Sirajul Islam is Bangladeshi historian, writer, columnist, professor and academician. He is the chairman of the Board of Editors of Banglapedia, the national encyclopedia of Bangladesh and the editor of the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. He is also famous for his works on agriculture, British era land tenure and social history of Bengal.

## Career

Sirajul Islam served as a professor of history department at the University of Dhaka. He gave up his day job five years before the formal date of retirement, to make time for Banglapedia in 2000.
A corresponding fellow of the Royal Historical Society, Sirajul Islam was a Senior Commonwealth Staff Fellow at the University of London (1978–79), a Senior Fulbright Scholar at Urbana-Champaign (1990–91), and a British Academy Visiting Professor (2004).

## Work

In 2002, 10 volumes of Banglapedia, published by Asiatic Society came out in his editorship. In 1991, 3 volumes of the History of Bangladesh (political, economic and socio-cultural), published by Asiatic Society, came out in his editorship. For the society, he is working on the Children’s Banglapedia and the Cultural Survey of Bangladesh. He also is in charge of the National Online Biography project of the society and the Banglapedia Trust.
During his 34-year-long stint at the university, he wrote major seminal works like Permanent Settlement in Bengal (1978), The Bengal Land Tenure (1990) and the Rural History of Bangladesh (1990). He also edited the 4 volume Bangladesh District Record Survey.
# Texture splatting

In computer graphics, texture splatting is a method for combining different textures. It works by applying an alphamap (also called a "weightmap" or a "splat map") to the higher levels, thereby revealing the layers underneath where the alphamap is partially or completely transparent. The term was coined by Roger Crawfis and Nelson Max.

## Optimizations

Since texture splatting is commonly used for terrain rendering in computer games, various optimizations are required. Because the underlying principle is for each texture to have its own alpha channel, large amounts of memory can easily be consumed. As a solution to this problem, multiple alpha maps can be combined into one texture using the red channel for one map, the blue for another, and so on. This effectively uses a single texture to supply alpha maps for four real-color textures. The alpha textures can also use a lower resolution than the color textures, and often the color textures can be tiled.
Terrains can also be split into chunks where each chunk can have its own textures. Say there is a certain texture on one part of the terrain that doesn’t appear anywhere else on it: it would be a waste of memory and processing time if the alpha map extended over the whole terrain if only 10% of it was actually required. If the terrain is split into chunks, then the alpha map can also be split up according to the chunks and so now instead of 90% of that specific map being wasted, only 20% may be.

## Related techniques

Alpha-based texture splatting, though simple, gives rather unnatural transitions. Height-based texture blending attempts to improve on quality by blending based on a heightmap of each texture.
# Issue (company)

Issue is a digital publishing company that allows users to create digital magazines. They were founded in 2012 by Taylor Luk.

## History

The company was founded in 2012 by Taylor Luk, through the AngelPad that offers seed funding and three months of mentorship. The founder had previously started an online lyrics site, LyricsTime.
The initial idea originated from Shop2, a social shopping site developed by Taylor Luk, Mark Guo and Khoa Nguyen. The company was later reincorporated as Issue, Inc. in June 2013.
Issue received investments from AngelPad, Syd.Ventures and funding from Mondelēz International in their "Mobile Futures Australia", In the program, Mondelez partnered with Mobile Marketing startups to help build the future of in-store and mobile engagement.

## Issue platform

Issue allows users to create their own digital magazines via a web interface.
Issue Magazine Format: A Mobile publishing format that contains HTML5 pages with a proprietary CSS framework, Metadata, Assets (images, audios and videos) and Scripts that enable interactivity.
Issue Publisher: A web-based publishing platform that includes content management and aggregation features that can synchronize content from RSS feed, social media and product feeds from e-commerce platforms.

## Press and awards

* Winner of Mobile Futures Australia
* 10 Startups to watch in Cebit Australia
# Brian Palmes

Sir Bryan Palmes (c. 1600–1654) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1626 and 1640. He fought on the Royalist side in the English Civil War.
Palmes was the son of Guy Palmes of Ashwell, Rutland, and his wife Ann Stafford, daughter of Sir Edward Stafford. He was educated at Wadham College, Oxford after matriculating at Trinity College, Oxford in 1615.
In 1626 was elected Member of Parliament for Stamford. In April 1640, he was elected Member of Parliament for Aldborough in the Short Parliament.
Palmes was knighted on 21 April 1642. In the Civil War, he raised a regiment for King Charles I. He later compounded for his estate.
Palmes married Mary Tevery, daughter of Gervase Tevery, of Stapleford, They had 6 sons (4 of whom predeased him) and 4 daughters. Palmes's marriage linked him to his father's friend Sir Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Stafford.
# Mermaid Comedies

Mermaid Comedies are comedy short films that were produced in the United States. They were distributed by Earle W. Hammons' Educational Pictures and were at the high end of its comedy series brands.
Directors of the films included Al St. John and Arvid E. Gillstrom. They were promoted as the world's funniest 2-reelers.

## Partial filmography

* Duck Inn (1920)
* A Fresh Start (1920)
* The Vagrant (1921)
* What a Night (1924), extant, part of MoMA's collection
* His First Car (1924), directed by Al St. John featuring Doris Deane. Extant.
* Never Again (1924), directed by Al St. John and featuring Carmencita
* Stupid, But Brave (1924), directed by Roscoe Arbuckle, extant
* Rapid Transit (1925), directed by Al St. John. Lost.
* Red Pepper (1925), directed by Arvid E. Gillstrom and featuring Judy King. Extant in the MOMA's film collection
* Curses! (1925)
* Dynamite Doggie (1925), extant
* Going Places
* Uncle Sam
# Christophe Lebon

Christophe Lebon (born 8 November 1982) is a French swimmer who specialises in the 100 meter butterfly and the 200 meter butterfly. Lebon competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
# Gianni Gambi

Gianni Gambi (also Giovanni; 6 September 1907 – 18 May 1986) was an Italian swimmer who competed in the 1500 m freestyle at the 1928 Summer Olympics. After the Olympics he changed to open water swimming, together with his brother Cecco, and in the 1930s competed in Canada and the United States. In 1948 he crossed the English Channel in 12 hours and 40 minutes. Next year he swam 21 miles between Naples and Capri in 15 hours.
# Camillo Gargano

Camillo Gargano (30 January 1942 – 22 July 1999) was an Italian sailor. He won a bronze medal in the Star class at the 1968 Summer Olympics together with Franco Cavallo.
# Giuseppe Palmieri (athlete)

Giuseppe Palmieri (21 January 1902 – 13 October 1989) was an Italian high jumper and javelin thrower who competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics, than he was also basketball player and coach.

## Biography

He won two bronze medal at the Pre-Universiade held in Paris in 1928, and he won seven times the national championships at senior level.

## Personal bests

* High jump: 1.86 m ( Ascoli Piceno, 17 July 1927)
* Javelin throw: 59.68 m ( Bologna, 7 October 1928)
* Hammer throw: 30.77 m ( Florence, 6 October 1929)
* Discus throw: 36.78 m ( Trento, 5 June 1927)
* Shot put: 11.81 m ( Turin, 23 September 1929)
* Triple jump: 12.60 m ( Cesena, 6 September 1925)
* Pole vault: 3.00 m ( Genoa, 13 April 1924)
* Decathlon: 5755.985 pts ( Genoa, 12–13 April 1924)

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Time |
| 1924 | Olympic Games | Paris | Qual. | High jump | 1.70 m |
| 1928 | Student World Championships | Paris | 3rd | High jump | 1.80 m |
| 1928 | Student World Championships | Paris | 3rd | Javelin throw | 57.72 |

## National titles

* Italian Athletics Championships
** High jump: 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928 (5)
** Javelin throw: 1925, 1929 (2)
# Emilio Polli

Emilio Polli (10 April 1901 – 30 January 1983) was an Italian swimmer. He was in the Olympic swimming team at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics, and in the national team at the first two European Championships, at Budapest in 1926 and at Bologna in 1927. He competed in 100 m freestyle and 4 × 200 m freestyle events.
# Corentin Cherhal

Corentin Cherhal (born 19 January 1994, in Rennes) is a French cyclist who rides for Team Novo Nordisk.
# Bruno Rossetti

Bruno Mario Rossetti (9 October 1960 – 8 February 2018) was an Italian sport shooter and Olympic medalist. He received a bronze medal in skeet shooting at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Rossetti was born in Troyes, Aube, France.
His son is Gabriele Rossetti, a gold medalist in shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Olympic results :
| Event | 1992 | 1996 |
| Skeet (mixed) | Bronze 148+50+24 | Not held |
| Skeet (men) | Not held | 20th 119 |