OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Monklands West (UK Parliament constituency)

Monklands West was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1983 until 1997. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP), using the first-past-the-post voting system.
It was then replaced by the Coatbridge & Chryston constituency.

## Boundaries

The Monklands District electoral divisions of Coatbridge North and Coatbridge South, and the Strathkelvin District electoral division of Chryston and Kelvin Valley.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | Election | Member | Party |
| | 1983 | Tom Clarke | Labour |
| 1997 | 1997 | constituency abolished: see Coatbridge & Chryston and Strathkelvin & Bearsden | constituency abolished: see Coatbridge & Chryston and Strathkelvin & Bearsden |

## Election results
### Elections of the 1980s

General election 1983: Monklands West :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Tom Clarke | 20,642 | 54.2 | −8.0 |
| | Conservative | Laurence Cameron | 8,378 | 22.0 | −7.9 |
| | SDP | Rodney Ackland | 6,605 | 17.3 | |
| | SNP | George Lyon | 2,473 | 6.5 | −1.3 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 12,264 | 32.2 | −0.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 38,098 | 75.7 | |
| | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) |
General election 1987: Monklands West :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Tom Clarke | 24,449 | 62.3 | +8.1 |
| | Conservative | Gordon Lind | 6,166 | 15.7 | −6.3 |
| | SDP | Anne McQueen | 4,408 | 11.2 | −6.1 |
| | SNP | Keith Bovey | 4,260 | 10.8 | +4.3 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 18,333 | 46.6 | +14.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 39,333 | 77.3 | +1.6 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +7.2 | |

### Elections of the 1990s

General election 1992: Monklands West :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Tom Clarke | 23,384 | 61.3 | −1.0 |
| | SNP | Keith Bovey | 6,319 | 16.6 | +5.8 |
| | Conservative | Andrew Lownie | 6,074 | 15.9 | +0.2 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Shiona Hamilton | 2,382 | 6.2 | −5.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17,065 | 44.7 | −1.9 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 38,159 | 77.4 | +0.1 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
# Biscuitville

Biscuitville Fresh Southern is a family-owned regional fast-food restaurant chain. The restaurant specializes in the traditional southern breakfast made from scratch and with local ingredients. As of February 2024, there were 82 locations in the U.S. states of North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia.

## History

The company, originally named Mountainbrook Fresh Bread & Milk (eventually known as Pizzaville), started as two bread stores in Burlington, North Carolina The founder, Maurice Jennings, began making pizzas, and soon wanted a way to put the business to work in the morning. The company began making biscuits, from a recipe developed by the Jennings family, and eventually the company sold more biscuits than pizzas. The company opened its first biscuit-only operation named "Biscuitville", located in Danville, Virginia.
Since 1982, company policy is for locations to close at 2pm.
In 2007, the corporate headquarters was moved to Greensboro, North Carolina.
As of April 2024, Biscuitville has 82+ locations.
# Ning Cai (engineer)

Ning Cai (Chinese: 蔡宁; 15 October 1947 - 25 May 2023) was a Chinese mathematician and electrical engineer. Ning Cai got his Ph.D. in Mathematics in 1988 at Bielefeld University in the group of Rudolf Ahlswede. He was faculty at Xidian University. In 2015, he was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for "contributions to network coding theory and arbitrarily varying channels".

## Fields of Work

A list of Cai's publications between 1984 and 1997 can be found at.
# Adolfo Ferrari

Adolfo Ferrari (20 September 1924 – 29 November 1998) was an Italian cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Cochylimorpha lungtangensis

Cochylimorpha lungtangensis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin).
# 1982 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's pole vault

The men's pole vault event at the 1982 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 7 March.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Results | Notes |
| | Viktor Spasov | Soviet Union | 5.70 | =AR, =CR |
| | Konstantin Volkov | Soviet Union | 5.65 | SB |
| | Władysław Kozakiewicz | Poland | 5.60 | =SB |
| 4 | Aleksandr Krupskiy | Soviet Union | 5.55 | SB |
| 5 | Atanas Tarev | Bulgaria | 5.55 | SB |
| 6 | Jean-Michel Bellot | France | 5.40 | SB |
| 7 | Mauro Barella | Italy | 5.40 | PB |
| 8 | Miro Zalar | Sweden | 5.40 | SB |
| 9 | Daniel Aebischer | Switzerland | 5.30 | PB |
| 10 | Reinhard Lechner | Austria | 5.20 | PB |
| 10 | Alain Donias | France | 5.20 | PB |
| 12 | František Jansa | Czechoslovakia | 5.00 | SB |
| 13 | Jürgen Winkler | West Germany | 5.00 | |
| 13 | Roger Oriol | Spain | 5.00 | SB |
| | Vincenzo Bellone | Italy | NM | |
| | Günther Lohre | West Germany | NM | |
| | Rauli Pudas | Finland | NM | |
# Aquatic Park (Berkeley)

Aquatic Park is a public park in Berkeley, California, United States, located just east of the Eastshore Freeway (Interstate 80) between Ashby and University Avenues. The Works Progress Administration created the park in the 1930s simultaneously with the nearby Berkeley Yacht Harbor. Its centerpiece is an artificial mile-long lagoon that was cut off from San Francisco Bay by the creation of a causeway for the Eastshore Highway, during the construction of the approaches to the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, also in the 1930s. The lagoon still communicates with the Bay through culverts under the freeway (one in line with Ashby Avenue, the other in line with Grayson Street). The east shoreline of the lagoon used to be the original shoreline of San Francisco Bay.

## Park features

Aquatic Park features picnic areas, "Dream Land for Kids"—a large children's playground, a pedestrian-bicycle path, and a disc golf course. The lagoon is used by the Berkeley Paddling and Rowing Club year round, and by the Berkeley Water Ski Club during the summer months. The lagoon is also used by the nonprofit organization, Waterside Workshops, for their youth boating and sailing, and boat rentals to the general public on weekends. Waterside Workshops also houses a community bike shop at the intersection of Bolivar Drive and Bancroft Way. Historically, the Aquatic Park lagoon was also a practice site for the University of California crew teams.
# Georges Beaucourt

Georges Étienne César Beaucourt (15 April 1912 – 27 February 2002) was a French footballer who played as a defender. He was in France's squad for the 1934 FIFA World Cup. He played club football with Lille and Lens; he was also the manager of Lens between 1940 and 1942.
# Mundaú Lagoon

Mundaú Lagoon is an estuarine lagoon situated west of Maceió, capital city of Alagoas state, in Brazil. Its total area is 24 km$^2$ (9.3 sq mi). The lake receives the Mundaú River, and is connected to the Atlantic Ocean and Manguaba Lagoon by a network of canals which cross the plain forming a lot of little islands. The lagoon contains to large mangrove and numerous types of fish, crabs, shrimps and shellfish. Mundaú Lagoon is the northernmost of several coastal lakes with the same features, including Manguaba, Roteiro and Jequiá lagoons.
Besides Maceió, two other municipalities are located on its edge, the little towns of Santa Luzia do Norte and Coqueiro Seco.

## Pollution problems

The natural environment of Mundaú Lagoon is affected by pollution problems, mainly due to urban sewage dispensing along its shore close to downtown Maceió. This compromises the communities who makes a living from the fishing on the lagoon.
This is not the only pollution problem surrounding Maceió. The Riacho Salgadinho is also the destination for most of the sewage system in Maceió downtown. In the past years, several politicians have made promises of putting sewage treatment stations to alleviate the problems caused by the pollution during the rainy season, but limited progress has been made.
Recently a new threat has arisen to the ecosystem of the Mundaú lagoon, the mining of rock salt by Braskem company.
# Aldo Trivella

Aldo Trivella (1 April 1921 – 2 June 1978) was an Italian ski jumper. He competed in the individual event at the 1948 Winter Olympics.
# Vincent D'Autorio

Vincent John D'Autorio (October 1, 1915 – September 10, 2008) was an American gymnast. He was a member of the United States men's national artistic gymnastics team and competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Summer Olympics.

## Gymnastics career

As a gymnast, D'Autorio was a member of the Swiss Gymnastic Society of Union City, New Jersey.
He qualified for the 1940 United States Olympic gymnastic team, however the 1940 Summer Olympics were not held due to World War II. Following the conclusion of the war, he qualified for and participated in the 1948 Summer Olympics and 1952 Summer Olympics. D'Autorio was a 1949 national YMCA All-American.

## Later life

During World War II, D'Autorio served in the Navy. He later taught collegiate gymnastics at Panzer College from 1952 to 1954. Additionally, he was involved with coaching gymnastics at the youth level and officiated. He was named to the Helms Hall of Fame in 1971 and inducted as part of the class of 1972. In 1979, he was inducted to the NGJA Frank J. Cumiskey Judging Hall of Fame.
D'Autorio died of leukemia on September 10, 2008, in Sarasota, Florida.
# Soup (novel)

Soup is a 1974 children's novel by American author Robert Newton Peck. It is the first book in the series.
Its main characters are two boys, Robert (the narrator) and his close friend Luther, better known as "Soup". It takes place during the 1930s in a small town in Vermont, and deals with the daily lives of the main characters. Soup is a well-meaning, but mischievous schemer, constantly coming up with elaborate plans that invariably land him and Robert in trouble. Robert is more sensible but less wily, and frequently finds himself conned into doing Soup's dirty work. However, they are best friends and watch out for one another. Their frequent villains are school bully Janice Riker and Eddy Tacker. Robert is also shown to have a crush on classmate Norma Jean Bissel.
Typical moments include the boys losing their clothes and stealing more from a rummage sale that only has clothing for women, or Soup painting his name on a barn without permission and running the "p" over onto the corner, causing the farmer to yell "'Souf'! I'll get you 'Souf'!"
There are several sequels to this book, including Soup and Me, Soup for President, Soup on Fire, Soup's Hoop, and Soup 1776. Soup and Me and Soup For President were adapted into half-hour television episodes starring Christian Berrigan and Shane Sinutko for the series The ABC Weekend Special. The author, Robert Newton Peck, also wrote the popular book A Day No Pigs Would Die.

## Books in the Soup series

* Soup (Knopf, 1974)
* Soup and Me (Knopf, 1975)
* Soup for President (Knopf, 1978)
* Soup's Drum (Knopf, 1980)
* Soup on Wheels (Knopf, 1981)
* Soup in the Saddle (Knopf, 1983)
* Soup's Goat (Knopf, 1984)
* Soup on Ice (Knopf, 1985)
* Soup on Fire (Knopf, 1987)
* Soup's Uncle (Delacorte, 1988)
* Soup's Hoop (Delacorte, 1990)
* Soup in Love (Delacorte, 1992)
* Soup Ahoy (Delacorte, 1994)
* Soup 1776 (Knopf/Random House, 1995)

### Little Soup series

A series for younger readers:
* Little Soup's Birthday (Dell, 1991)
* Little Soup's Turkey (Dell, 1992)
* Little Soup's Bunny (Dell, 1993)
# Mykhailo Starov

Mykhailo Starov is a competitive Strongman from Ukraine. Having competed in 24 International strongman competitions and winning 5 of them, Starov is among the 50 most decorated strongmen of all time.
He is a two-time World Strongman Cup Federation champion and a three-time United Strongman Series champion.
After emerging runner-up to Vasyl Virastyuk four times in a row from 2001 to 2004, Starov won 2005 Ukraine's Strongest Man and proceeded to secure third place in the 2005 Europe's Strongest Man competition behind Jarek Dymek and Janne Virtanen.

## Personal records

* Squat - 426 kg (939 lbs)
* Bench press - 230 kg (507 lbs)
* Deadlift - 340 kg (750 lbs)
* Log press - 150 kg (331 lbs)
# Bruno Schön

Bruno Schön (born 5 May 1809, Obersandau bei Marienbad, Egerland, West Bohemia; died 1 February 1881, Vienna) was a member of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, pastoral psychiatrist, and homeopath based in Vienna, where he ministered at an asylum. He earned a Doctorate in Theology (1837) and in Philosophy (1867), both in Rome.
Schön was also an author who wrote pamphlets and books on the topics of his profession, including a novel advocating for the humane treatment of the mentally ill, Mittheilungen aus dem Leben Geistesgestörter (English: Stories from the Lives of the Mentally Ill) published in 1859. This and another of his works, Briefe über Geistesgestörte für Seelsorger, Eltern, Lehrer und Freunde der Menschenkunde (English: Letters on the Mentally Disturbed for Pastors, Parents, Yourself, and Friends of Humanity) were held in the collection of the US Surgeon General's Office Library. His Mittheilungen has been referenced in other works as recently as 2017.
Schön courted controversy when he posited in Dr. Martin Luther aus dem Standpunkte der Psychiatrie (English: Dr. Martin Luther from the Standpoint of Psychiatry) that Luther was "mentally deranged."
He was a close friend of Johann Emanuel Veith.

## Works

* Mittheilungen aus dem Leben Geistesgestörter; Pest, Wien und Leipzig, 1859. (English: Stories from the Lives of the Mentally Ill)
* Briefe über Geistesgestörte für Seelsorger, Eltern, Lehrer und Freunde der Menschenkunde; Pest, Wien und Leipzig, 1861. (English: Letters on the Mentally Disturbed for Pastors, Parents, Teachers, and Friends of Humanity)
* Dr. Martin Luther aus dem Standpunkte der Psychiatrie, Wien 1874. (English: Dr. Martin Luther from the Standpoint of Psychiatry)
* Was hat man bei lebensgefährlichen Fällen zu thun, bis der Arzt erscheint, Vienna 1875. (English: What to do with the Stricken until the Doctor Arrives)
# Georges Martin (cyclist)

Georges Martin (6 November 1915 – 3 January 2010) was a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1947, 1948 and 1949 Tour de France.
# REALLY Wireless

REALLY is a privacy focused telecommunications company, with headquarters in Austin, Texas. The company offers mobile phone plans on its encrypted wireless mobile network, powered by T-Mobile and REALLY DeWi.

## History

REALLY was founded by Adam Lyons, who previously founded an insurance comparison site, The Zebra. REALLY operates a decentralized wireless mobile network started in Austin, Texas and plans to expand its wireless network worldwide.
In February 2023, REALLY secured $18 million in funding, led by Polychain Capital and Mike Maples Jr, one of the largest seed rounds for a US telco.
In September 2023, the company partnered with T-Mobile to accelerate the nationwide availability of their phone service. This allowed members to “roam seamlessly” between both networks, providing expanded coverage including international.

## Features

REALLY is built on a “DeWi” network of small wireless towers, drawing on existing infrastructure to provide service. Tower hosts are compensated by the company, with REALLY handling all equipment installation.
Lyons has stated: “With decentralized wireless [DeWi], the idea is that the community itself can create cell coverage.
The company offers two phone plans, Limitless which includes unlimited voice, text and data and Clutch which is data only.
# IN4S

IN4S (Serbian Cyrillic: ИН4С) is a Serb online newspaper that was launched on 6 May 2008 in Montenegro. Within 4 years since the establishment of the site, it has grown into a very influential media that is primarily focused on the politics and the history of Montenegro. The editor-in-chief is Gojko Raičević.

## History

IN4S was founded in 2008 by Gojko Rajčević and during 2011, IN4S joined the Montenegro census campaign, highlighting the most important personalities from the history of the Serbs and culture through numerous billboards, brochures, the Internet and newspaper publications. The portal is currently active in the 2021 census campaign. The portal launched an action against Montenegro's accession to NATO in 2016, coordinating the network of non-governmental organizations "No to war - not to NATO".
In August 2020, IN4S published a video in which the activist of the then ruling DPS, Dušica Vulić, talks to a woman about the advancement in the Armed Forces, stating that she needs a positive opinion of the local board of the ruling party.
# A Visit to the Art Dealer

A Visit to the Art Dealer is an oil on copper made by Frans Francken the Younger in 1636. It is kept on Hallwyl Museum, in Stockholm.
# Antonio Attanasio

Antonio Attanasio (2 January 1950 – 28 December 1982) was an Italian swimmer. He competed in the 100 m butterfly and 4 × 100 m medley relay events at the 1968 Olympics, but failed to reach the finals. He died aged 32 in a traffic accident.
# ND

ND may refer to:

## Arts and media

* nD, a fictional alien species in Invasion: Earth (TV series)
* Nancy Drew, a fictional teenage sleuth in various media
* Naughty Dog, an American video game developer
* Notitia Dignitatum, a late Roman administrative codex
* Nuclear Dawn, a 2011 video game (once a Half-Life 2 mod)

## Businesses

* Nextdoor, a hyperlocal social networking service for neighborhoods
* NetDocuments, a British document management company
* Norsk Data, a defunct Norwegian computer manufacturer
* Neues Deutschland, or nd, a German daily newspaper

## Language

* Nd (digraph), a digraph present in many African languages
* Northern Ndebele language, of Botswana and Zimbabwe (ISO 639-1:nd)

## Places

* North Dakota, a state of the United States
* New Delhi, India's capital city
* Notre Dame (disambiguation), a number of churches and colleges
* Nguyen dynasty, unified Vietnamese empire (1802–1884)

## Politics

* National Democracy (Poland), a political movement 1886–1947
* National Democrats (Sweden), a far-right party 2001–2014
* New Dawn (Algeria), a nationalist party formed in 2012
* New Democracy (Canada), an economic reform party 1939–1940
* New Democracy (Greece), a center-right party formed in 1974
* New Democracy (North Macedonia), a conservative ethnic Albanian party formed in 2008
* New Democrats (France), a left-wing party 2020–2022
* Nuclear disarmament, the dismantlement and proposed dismantling of nuclear weapons

## Science and technology
### Mathematics

* nd (elliptic function), one of Jacobi's elliptic functions

### Medicine

* NADH dehydrogenase, an enzyme
* Non-distended, an abdominal distension clinical examination value
* Naturopathic Doctor, a degree in naturopathic medicine
* Notifiable disease, any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities

### Physics

* ND Experiment, a particle physics experiment in Novosibirsk, Russia
* n$_D$, the refractive index of a medium at a wavelength of 589.8 nm

### Other uses in science and technology

* Neighbor Discovery, an Internet protocol
* Neodymium, symbol Nd, a chemical element
* Neutral density filter, a type of filter used in photography
* Contax N Digital, a digital camera
* ND for nominal diameter in piping
* ND MX-5 Miata, the fourth generation of the Mazda MX-5

## Weapons and military

* United States Navy Diver, an occupational rating
* Negligent discharge, a careless use of a firearm
* Norrland Dragoon Regiment, of the Swedish Army
* Nuclear disarmament, the proposed dismantling of nuclear weapons

## Other uses

* National Diploma (Ireland), an academic qualification in the Republic of Ireland
* New Dawn (disambiguation), with various meanings
* Neurodiversity, variation in cognition and sociability (per the social model of disability)
* n.d. for "no date", an abbreviation used in APA-style and other styles of bibliographic citations
* in the International Code of Signals, denotes a tsunami warning
# Coleophora balkara

Coleophora balkara is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Russia (northern Caucasus).
# Diiodosyl sulfate

Diiodosyl sulfate is an inorganic compound, a basic salt of iodine and sulfuric acid with the formula (IO)$_2$SO$_4$. It forms yellow crystals.

## Synthesis

Reaction of iodic and sulfuric acids :
    2 HIO$_3$ + H$_2$SO$_4$ → (IO)$_2$SO$_4$ + O$_2$ + 2 H$_2$O
Passing ozonized oxygen through a solution of iodine in sulfuric acid:
    I$_2$ + 3 O$_3$ + H$_2$SO$_4$ → (IO)$_2$SO$_4$ + 3 O$_2$ + H$_2$O

## Physical properties

Diiodosyl sulfate forms yellow hygroscopic crystals and is poorly soluble in cold water.
It dissolves in and can be recrystallized from concentrated sulfuric acid.

## Chemical properties

Under the influence of atmospheric moisture, diiodosyl sulfate hydrolyzes with the release of iodine, iodic and sulfuric acids.
It decomposes when heated:
    4(IO) $_2$ SO $_4$ → 2I$_2$O$_5$ + 2I$_2$ + 4SO$_3$ + O$_2$
It reacts with sulfur trioxide:
    (IO)$_2$SO$_4$ + 2SO$_3$ → I$_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$
With concentrated sulfuric acid, it forms an acidic salt:
    (IO)$_2$SO$_4$ + H$_2$SO$_4$ → 2 IOHSO$_4$
# Georges Mérignac

Georges Mérignac (10 July 1921 – 30 October 1992) was a New Caledonian footballer who played as a central-defender.

## Early life

Born in Poya, New Caledonia, to a Melanesian mother and European father, Mérignac spent his childhood between Poya and Nouméa, where he took an interest in tennis, boxing, athletics and football. He worked as a farmer during his time on the islands.

## Club career

Having played football in his native New Caledonia with Indépendante de Nouméa, Mérignac enlisted in the Free French Forces in September 1941, and took part in the Battle of Bir Hakeim in Libya the following year. It was here that he met René Gallice, who had played for French side Bordeaux before the war. Following the conclusion of the Second World War in 1945, Gallice suggested to Bordeaux's coaches, who were looking for a new central-defender, that they sign Mérignac, and the New Caledonian joined the club the following year.
Despite being relegated in his first season with the club, he spent two seasons in the French Division 2, before returning to the French Division 1 for the 1949–50 season, in which Bordeaux won the title. In the same season, he featured in the Latin Cup, where Bordeaux lost in the final to Portuguese side Benfica after an extra-time replay loss following a draw in the first game. He retired in 1953.

## International career

Mérignac represented the New Caledonia national football team in 1939.

## Coaching career

Following his retirement and return to New Caledonia, he managed the national football team.

## Death

Mérignac died in October 1992. In 2007, a sports complex in Tina-sur-Mer in the capital of New Caledonia, Nouméa, was named in his honour.

## Career statistics
### Club

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Coupe de France | Coupe de France | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bordeaux | 1946–47 | French Division 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Bordeaux | 1947–48 | French Division 2 | 32 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 |
| Bordeaux | 1948–49 | French Division 2 | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
| Bordeaux | 1949–50 | French Division 1 | 32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 35 | 1 |
| Bordeaux | 1950–51 | French Division 1 | 24 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| Bordeaux | 1951–52 | French Division 1 | 19 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Bordeaux | 1952–53 | French Division 1 | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 158 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 171 | 1 |

#### Notes

* ↑ Appearances in the Latin Cup