OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Winged keel

The winged keel is a sailboat keel layout first fitted on the 12-metre class yacht Australia II, 1983 America's Cup winner.

## Design

This layout was adopted by Ben Lexcen, designer of Australia II. Although Ben Lexcen "had tried the winged keel idea before", there is conjecture that it was computed and designed by a Dutch aerodynamicist at the Wageningen towing tank (Netherlands Ship Model Bassin).
in May 2024 A detailed article was published by the Journal of Engineering Ethics which came to the conclusion that Lexcen should not have been credited with the invention on the patent application. It also claimed that he had not been involved with the design because he had departed from Holland before the prototype work which evolved the winglets was carried out.

### Wings

The lateral wings of Australia II are of moderate aspect ratio, forming a nearly horizontal foil, the "wing", at the bottom to provide additional effective span, in the same way as the winglets on an aircraft. Each wing acts as a winglet, effectively increasing the keel aspect ratio therefore reducing the lift-induced drag. Because the yacht is heeled over when sailing upwind, the leeward foil attains more draft, which reduces the loss of efficiency that always occurs under heel. The wings were canted downwards at about 20 degrees, in order to promote proper hydrodynamic loading (lift) on each wing when sailing to windward. Upwind, it offered 30% less resistance due to side force.

### Upside down keel

Note that, contrary to classic configurations, the keel of this boat is "upside down" under the hull (the root chord is smaller than the tip (bottom) chord) in order to minimize the hull-keel interaction and the loss of side force due to the proximity of the water surface. The extra low-positioned lead in the upside down keel and wings gives a very low centre of gravity, increasing the righting moment (lateral stability) and allowing to carry more sail area.

### Shorter boat, more sail area

Under the 12 metre class rule, the allowed sail area is an inverse function of the boat length and weight. Her stability advantage allowed Australia II to carry more sail although the boat was lighter.
Along with Australia II's efficient sail design, this winged keel was one of the factors contributing to Australia II's success. Total advantage offered by this concept on the race course was about 1 minute per upwind leg.

## Application

Winged keels are generally found on high-performance sailboats if they are not prohibited by class rules. They are especially advantageous for heavy yachts with a lot of sail area (as 12-metre class boats), sailing upwind when the draft is limited by the class rule or by the requirement to be able to sail in shallow water, because in that case high righting moment and efficient side force are difficult to obtain. Downwind, the extra skin friction drag is a hindrance. Besides the performance benefits, winged keels can also be applied to pleasure boats as a way to reduce draft, allowing for greater versatility when cruising in shallow waters.
# Kukiya, Mali

Kukiya is an archaeological site and ancient city on the banks of the Niger River in present-day Mali. It was an early capital of the Songhai people, preceding the founding of the city of Gao. It is located on an island in the Niger River near the village of Bentia in the Ouattagouna commune.
The site has yet to be fully excavated, but the earliest occupation has been tentatively dated to the 2nd millennium BCE. The island dominates a stretch of river between two rapids, making it an important stopping point on Trans-Saharan trade routes linking Borgu, Hausaland, and other Sub-Saharan regions with North Africa.
Kukiya was for generations the seat of the Sunni dynasty before they captured Gao in the mid 15th century. Tarikh al-Sudan, a chronicle about the history of the Songhai Empire, describes Kukiya as "the center of paganism." Its Muslim settlement is evidenced by tombstones with Arabic inscriptions in the Bentia cemeteries, dated to the 13th–15th centuries. Similar tombstones have been found in Gao and nearby Gao-Saney. The political and commercial significance of Kukiya will be clarified in future archaeological investigations.
# Bernard Talvard

Bernard Talvard (born 8 October 1947) is a French fencer. He won three bronze medals in the foil events at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics and a gold medal at the 1975 Mediterranean Games in the individual foil event.
# Cucurbitadienol synthase

Cucurbitadienol synthase (EC 5.4.99.33, CPQ (gene), (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, cucurbitadienol-forming)) is an enzyme with systematic name (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene mutase (cyclizing, cucurbitadienol-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    (3S)-2,3-epoxysqualene $\rightleftharpoons$ cucurbitadienol
# Barababaraba language

Barababaraba (Baraba-Baraba), or Baraparapa, is an extinct Indigenous Australian language once spoken along the southern tributaries of the Murrumbidgee River, Victoria and New South Wales. It was a dialect of Wemba–Wemba.
# Christopher Six

Christopher Six (born 12 December 1985) is a French equestrian. He competed in the individual eventing at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# Adagio (acrobatics)

Adagio is the performance of partner acrobalance poses and associated movements that involve stationary balances by a pair of performers. It is performed in professional circus, in various dance disciplines including acro dance and ballet, in pair skating, and as a hobby in university circus groups.
An adagio pair consists of one person acting as a flier and another as a base. The base remains in contact with the floor and the flier is balanced in the air. The base may move between a variety of positions including lying on the floor, crouching, standing and kneeling. The flier may be balanced on the base's feet, hands, shoulders, knees, thighs, back or combinations of these, in a variety of positions and orientations including horizontal, vertical or even upside down. In general, it is easier for the flier to be lighter and the base heavier and stronger, though this is not a requirement as equal partner weights or even an imbalance of weights in the other direction can be leveraged.
# Rogate

Rogate is a village and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England, in the Western Rother valley. The village is on the A272 road 5.6 miles (9.0 km) west of Midhurst and 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Petersfield, Hampshire. The civil parish includes the villages of Rogate and Rake and the hamlets of Haben, Fyning, Hill Brow, Langley, Durford, Wenham, Durleighmarsh and Terwick Common.

## History

Rogate is not mentioned by name in the Domesday Book of 1086, but was assumed to be part of Harting Manor. It was in the Hundred of Dumpford, and Chichester rape, diocese and archdeaconry. It was in the Midhurst union, county court district and rural deanery. During the reign of Edward III (1327-1377) it was held by Ralph de Camois who was granted a charter for a fair.
Until the passing of the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844, part of the parish of Rogate was an exclave of the county of Sussex within Hampshire. This was a large farm called Bohunt, just south-west of Liphook. Also, a small exclave of Hampshire and the parish of Bramshott called Crouch House Farm was in the north-east corner of Rogate parish and was transferred to it.
In 1861 the population of Rogate parish was 990, and the area was 4,873 acres (19.72 km$^2$). An annual fair was held on 27 September.
In the 2001 census the civil parish covered 5,721 acres (23.15 km$^2$) and had 623 households with a total population of 1,513. 716 residents were economically active.

## Governance

An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward includes Milland and at the 2011 census had a total population of 2,447.

## Amenities
### Worship

The parish has Church of England churches in both Rogate and Rake villages. Rogate's church is dedicated to St Bartholomew and parish registers date from 1558.
The ancient parish of Terwick is included in Rogate and the northern part of the parish is in the ecclesiastical parish of Milland. The church of St Peter, Terwick, lies close to the A272 main road to Midhurst.

### Education

There are primary schools in both Rogate and Rake. In 2008 Rogate School was the subject of a successful campaign to overturn a council recommendation to close the school. In October 2019 the school was deemed 'Good' by Ofsted https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/21/125991

### Community centres

Both Rogate and Rake have village halls.

### Pubs

The only pub in Rogate village is the White Horse, following the closure of the Wyndham Arms. The Jolly Drover at Hill Brow and The Flying Bull at Rake on the old London to Portsmouth road lie just within the parish and county boundary, which runs through the middle of The Flying Bull pub. In 2011 the Sun Inn closed and in 2012 planning permission was granted for conversion to two houses for residential use. Rake had another pub, now closed: The Red Lion, opposite The Flying Bull on the London Road, which was the scene of a murder in 1748.

### Farm

Durleighmarsh farm and farm shop are noted for asparagus, strawberries, runner beans and squash.
# Christophe Pinna

Christophe Pinna is a member of the French National Karate team. He is a multi-time World Champion (WKF). He is known for his roundhouse kicks.

## Accolades

3x Champion of the Europe Individual OPEN (1995 - 1996 - 1997) 1x Champion of Individual World OPEN (2000) 3x Champion of the Europe You equip (1993 - 1995 - 1997) 2x Winning of the Goblet of the World (1993 - 1997) 1x Winning of the Mediterranean Games (1992) 3x Champion of the MundoEquipas (1994 - 1996 - 1998)
# Flow, River of My Soul

Flow, River of My Soul is the third studio album by Australian electronic dance-pop band Single Gun Theory. It was released in September 1994 via Volition Records/Sony Music Australia and peaked at No. 46 on the ARIA Albums Chart in the following month. The album's lead single, "Fall", was issued in October and was followed by two more, "Open the Skies" (March 1995) and "Motherland" (August).
At the 1995, the album was nominated for Best Dance Release and Best Independent Release.

## Track listing

* "Transmission" – 1:02
* "Fall" – 4:26
* "The Sea of Core Experience" – 4:36
* "I've Been Dying" – 3:39
* "Decimated" – 2:02
* "My Estranged Wife" – 4:24
* "Phenomena" – 1:36
* "Metaphysical" – 3:41
* "Point Beyond Which Something Will Happen" – 3:48
* "Thetan" – 2:54
* "Motherland" – 5:33
* "Still Closest to My Heart..." – 1:41
* "Motherland [Remix Edit]"^
* "Motherland [A Cappella Remix Edit]"^
* "Motherland [Album Version Edit]"^
* "Fall [Abstract Gladiators Remix]"^
* "Fall [Voyage to the Bottom of the Dub Remix]"^
^ These bonus tracks appear on the re-release version of the album in 2001. They were lifted from the Motherland extended play, which was released in August 1995.

## Personnel

* Jacqui Hunt – vocals
* Pete Rivett-Carnac – samplers
* Kath Power – samplers

## Charts

| Chart (1994-95) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 46 |
# Nader Nimai

Nader Nimai is an Indian film based on the life of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. This film was directed by Sri Bimal Roy and was released in 1960 in Bengali language. This film is on the life of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in Nabadwip.
The second film is Nilachale Mahaprabhu which is nader nimai 2 starring the same actor, ashim kumar.

## Cast

* Asim Kumar as Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
* Chhabi Biswas
* Jahar Roy
* Gurudas Banerjee
* Jahar Ganguly
* Shyam Laha
* Moni Shrimani
* Satya Banerjee
* Tulsi Chakraborty
* Renuka Roy
* Sabita Basu
* Shobha Sen
# Nyanga people

The Nyanga (also Banianga, Banyanga, Kinyanga, Nianga or Nyangas) are a Bantu people in the African Great Lakes region. Today they live predominantly in the Kivu region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, near the frontier with Rwanda and Uganda. They speak the Nyanga language, also called Kinyanga, which is one of the Bantu languages. There are about 150,000 speakers of Nyanga according to a 1994 census, but most are also fluent in Swahili. Their national epic is the karisi Mwindo.
# Aporia (disambiguation)

Aporia denotes, in philosophy, a philosophical puzzle or state of puzzlement, and, in rhetoric, a rhetorically useful expression of doubt.
Aporia may also refer to:
* Aporia (butterfly), a genus of pierid butterflies found in the Palearctic region
* Aporia (Forever Never album), an album by metal band Forever Never
* Aporia (Sufjan Stevens and Lowell Brams album), released in 2020
* Aporia (2023 film), a 2023 American film starring Judy Greer
* Aporia (magazine), a far-right magazine published by the Human Diversity Foundation
* Aporia, an undergraduate journal that has been published by the University of St Andrews Philosophy Society
# Cyril Jonard

Cyril Jonard (born 23 February 1976) is a French judoka. He competes in judo events for the visually impaired and blind. Jonard has Usher syndrome; he is both deaf and visually impaired. He competes against non-deaf judoka.
Jonard took part in the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens. He won gold in the men's half-middleweight category (-81 kg) when he defeated Japan's Yuji Kato by ippon within just a few seconds in the final.
He was subsequently awarded a knighthood in the Légion d'honneur, the highest decoration in France, by French President Jacques Chirac. He also received a personal letter of congratulations from President Chirac for his achievement.
Jonard represented France again at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, and won silver in the under 81 kg category, defeated in the final by Cuba's Isao Cruz.
# Segye Ilbo

Segye Ilbo (Korean: 세계일보; Hanja: 世界日報; RR: Segye ilbo; lit. world daily) is a Korean language newspaper. The newspaper is owned by News World Communications, which was established by the Unification Church. It is considered right-leaning and conservative.
# Circumneutral

Circumneutral is a descriptor for soils which have a pH that is close to neutral. Circumneutral soils have a pH between 6.5 and 7.5.
A soil’s pH affects whether minerals dissolve in the soil and how quickly they dissolve. This causes circumneutral soils to have unique chemical qualities.
Certain species prefer or only grow in circumneutral soils.
# Tush Magazine

Tush Magazine is a Nigerian-based glossy full colour magazine which is released quarterly both in print and digital versions of the magazine. It targets the youth market and its contents include articles, coverage and interviews which focus on music, fashion, movie, art, technology, events, relationships, and business. Published by Tush Kingdom Media, Tush Magazine has 22 issues, is printed in English language and is distributed all over Nigeria and on the internet. Tush Magazine also has a Meet and Greet events where personalities featured in each issue give out free autographed copies of Tush Magazine alongside other gifts.

## History

Tush Magazine was launched in February 2012 but started operations in August 2012. Artists who have been on the covers of Tush Magazine NG include: Charity {Most beautiful girl in Nigeria, ECOWAS 2009}. Ice Prince, Eva, Hakym, Jerrilyn (Liberia), Yung6ix, Yemi Alade, Skales, Seyi Shay, Emma Nyra, Endia, Ehiz (MTV Base), Enzo, Dammy Krane, Di'Ja, Victoria Kimani, Cynthia Morgan, Praiz, D'banj, Banky W MI Abaga, Jesse Jagz, Adekunle Gold, Aramide (musician) and BOJ, Ice Prince, Toni Tones, Olamide, YCEE, Beverly Naya, DJ Spinall, Kehinde Bankole Enyinna, Niniola, Frank Donga, Nasty C
Tush Magazine has built a strong relationship with several media and music related companies within and outside the shores of Nigeria, it also hosted a session at the Social Media Week where it talked about the benefits of combining digital and print publishing for publishers. So far, Tush Magazine has witnessed two Meet and Greet events featuring Emma Nyra, Endia & OD Woods and also another event featuring Praiz, Goddess of Skillz & DJ Lo.
Its digital magazine is also available for subscription and downloads across major African blogs and on Magzter - the largest digital newsstand in the world.
# Baptiste Thiery

Baptiste Thiery (born 29 June 2001) is a French pole vaulter. He is a two-gold gold medalist in the men's pole vault event at the CARIFTA Games.
In 2018, he won the gold medal in the boys' pole vault event at the Summer Youth Olympics held in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
At the 2018 European Athletics U18 Championships held in Győr, Hungary, he won the silver medal in the men's pole vault event. In the same year, he also won the gold medal in the men's pole vault at the 2018 CARIFTA Games held in Nassau, Bahamas. He was the European Athlete of the Month for the month October 2018.
In 2019, he repeated his previous success at the CARIFTA Games with a second gold medal in his event, at the 2019 CARIFTA Games in George Town, Cayman Islands.
# Gráinne Cronin

Gráinne Cronin (born about 1953) was the first woman to become a pilot for Aer Lingus and the first woman pilot commercially employed in Ireland.

## Life

Born to pilot captain Felim Cronin in Ennis, County Clare, Cronin's sister Caroline is also a commercial pilot. Her husband is also a pilot and her daughters Alana and Louisa Johnston both hold private pilot licenses, and Louisa has a commercial license. She learned to fly while she was at university in her father's Piper Cub. Rather than teach her to fly, her father asked his first officer Neil Johnston. Johnston taught her to fly and later married Cronin. She lives in Malahide, Ireland.

## Career

Cronin was hired as a pilot by Aer Lingus in 1977. When she first joined in 1975, at the age of 22, it was as a flight attendant. But by the time she was 24, she had gone for flight training in Oxford. Her first flight was in January 1978. Initially working as a co-pilot, in 1988 she became the airline's first female captain. She retired on 25 May 2010. SAS were the first European airline to hire a woman pilot and Aer Lingus was the second. Within the next two years they had hired another two women. Though it seems to have taken a long time to get to this point, British Airways didn't hire their first woman pilots for about another 6 years.
# Dilowa Yusuf

Dilwara Yousuf (born 1 November 1962) is a Awami League politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member from a women's reserved for Chattogram District. She was a member of the Chattogram Zila Parishad.
# Didier Païs

Didier Païs (born 8 February 1983 in Colmar) is a French freestyle wrestler. He competed in the freestyle 60 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and was eliminated in the 1/8 finals by Hassan Madani.
# Troum

Troum is a German project of drone music, ambient music, noise music, and experimental music. It was founded in the late 1990s by Stefan Knappe (a.k.a. Baraka[H]) and Martin Gitschel (a.k.a. Glit[S]ch). It is sometimes considered to be the follow-up project to Maeror Tri. Stefan Knappe is also the founder and owner of Drone Records.

## History

TROUM is a duo located in Bremen, Germany, established in early 1997. The two members "Glit[S]ch" and "Baraka[H]" were active before in the influential ambient/industrial group MAËROR TRI (which existed from 1988 to 1996). TROUM is the old German word for "DREAM". The dream is seen as a central manifestation of the unconscious, and symbolizes the aim of TROUM to lead the listener into a hypnotizing dream-state of mind, a pre-verbal and primal consciousness sphere. TROUM uses music as the direct path to the Unconscious, pointing to the archaic "essence" of the humans inner psyche. TROUM tries to create music that works like a direct transformation of unconscious matter.
TROUM's creations are influenced by post-industrial, minimal and drone-music. Both members use guitar, bass, voice, accordion, balalaika, flute, mouth-organ, melodica, gong, field recordings, pre-recorded-tapes and a diversity of sound-objects to build a kind of multi-layered and highly atmospheric dreaming-muzak. Their sound could be described as “dark atmospheric ambient industrial”, "transcendental noise" or just “Tiefenmusik”. TROUM doesn't work with samplers or computer-soundsources, the sounds are created "by hand" to reach a broader sensibility. TROUM uses a spiral as their logo, expressing the trance-inducing potential of the music and the wish to reach inner, deeper spheres of the mind with it. Music as a door to unknown & alien dimensions. Music as an expression of the mystery of existence itself.
Highly prolific, Troum has created over 30 full length album releases and frequently appears on compilation projects and in collaboration with other artists, such as raison d'être.
# Hüppe

Hüppe or Huppe is a German surname.

## List of people with the surname

* Curtis Huppe (born 1979), Canadian former ice hockey forward
* Hubert Hüppe (born 1956), German politician
# Poblacht

Poblacht is the Irish word for "republic". It may refer to:
* An Phoblacht (English: The Republic), a newspaper published by Sinn Féin
* Poblacht na hÉireann (disambiguation), can be rendered in English Irish Republic or Republic of Ireland. It can refer to:
** The revolutionary Irish Republic proclaimed in 1916 and 1919, also termed Saorstát Éireann
** Poblacht na hÉireann, a newspaper first published in 1922 in Ireland by republican opponents of the Anglo-Irish Treaty
** The Republic of Ireland, the legal description of the modern Irish state since 1949 (though not its official name)
* Proclamation of the Irish Republic (Irish: Forógra na Poblachta), a 1916 document declaring the independence of the Irish Republic from the United Kingdom
* Poblacht Chríostúil (English: Christian Republic), a small political party in Cork in the mid-1960s
# Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung

The Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung (PAZ) is a German weekly newspaper published by the Landsmannschaft Ostpreußen. It was previously called the Ostpreußenblatt and was aimed mainly at German post-war expellees from parts of Central and Eastern Europe. The Ostpreußenblatt was first published in April 1950. The readership of the Ostpreußenblatt was aging, so in 2003, in an attempt to discard the image of an internal newsletter and thus gain new readers, it was renamed Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung.
The Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung states its political alignment to be "Prussian conservative". It has been accused by the journalist Anton Maegerle of providing a platform for extreme right-wing authors. The newspaper itself objected to this association and a description to that effect in a German Wikipedia article, issuing a press release which took issue with this classification and publishing an article in support of their position by the French political scientist and PAZ author Jean-Paul Picaper.
# Thors Hans Hansson

Thors Hans Hansson (born 1950), is a Swedish physicist working as a professor of theoretical physics at Stockholm University, who was also the head of Nordita. He is a member of the Nobel Committee for Physics, which each year selects winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics.

## Life

Hansson received a PhD in 1979 at University of Gothenburg with a doctorate in Elementary particle (quarks). His recent research has been theoretical aspects of condensed matter physics.
He is active in the popularization of physics and science by including lectures, articles in newspapers and in Folkvett.
Hansson was elected as a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 2009. He became director of Nordita in early 2016.
In 2016, on the occasion of the announcement of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics, Hansson gave the committee's public explanation of the prize. His use of a cinnamon bun, a bagel, and a pretzel (to explain relevant topological ideas) was featured in many news reports of the announcement.