OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Diphenidine

Diphenidine (1,2-DEP, DPD, DND) is a dissociative anesthetic that has been sold as a designer drug. The synthesis of diphenidine was first reported in 1924, and employed a Bruylants reaction analogous to the one that would later be used to discover phencyclidine in 1956. Shortly after the 2013 UK ban on arylcyclohexylamines, diphenidine and the related compound methoxphenidine became available on the grey market. Anecdotal reports describe high doses of diphenidine producing "bizarre somatosensory phenomena and transient anterograde amnesia." Diphenidine and related diarylethylamines have been studied in vitro as treatments for neurotoxic injury and are antagonists of the NMDA receptor. In dogs diphenidine exhibits greater antitussive potency than codeine phosphate.
Electrophysiological analysis demonstrates that the amplitude of NMDA-mediated fEPSPs are reduced by diphenidine and ketamine to a similar extent, with diphenidine displaying a slower onset of antagonism. The two enantiomers of diphenidine differ greatly in their ability to block the NMDA receptor, with the more potent (S)-enantiomer possessing affinity forty times higher than the (R)-enantiomer. Since diphenidine's introduction in 2013 vendors have stated the drug "acts on dopamine transport" yet no data concerning the action of diphenidine on the dopamine transporter was published until 2016. Diphenidine's highest affinity is for the NMDA receptor, but it does display submicromolar affinity for the σ$_1$ receptor, σ$_2$ receptor and dopamine transporter.
Since 2014 there have been several published reports of diphenidine being sold in combination with other research chemicals, particularly synthetic cannabinoids and stimulants in Japanese herbal incense blends. The first reported seizure concerned a Japanese product called "fragrance powder" containing diphenidine and benzylpiperazine. A herbal incense sold in the Shizuoka Prefecture under the name "Aladdin Spacial [sic] Edition" was found to contain diphenidine and 5F-AB-PINACA at concentrations of 289 mg/g and 55.5 mg/g, respectively. A product called Herbal Incense. The Super Lemon containing AB-CHMINACA, 5F-AMB, and diphenidine was implicated in a fatal poisoning. Most recently diphenidine consumed in conjunction with three substituted cathinones, three benzodiazepines, and alcohol was implicated in a fatal ingestion of "bath salt" and "liquid aroma" products in Japan.
In Canada, MT-45 and its analogues were made Schedule I controlled substances, which includes DPD in its structural group. Possession without legal authority can result in maximum seven years imprisonment. Further, Health Canada amended the Food and Drug Regulations in May, 2016 to classify explicitly DPD as a restricted drug. Only those with a law enforcement agency, person with an exemption permit or institutions with Minister's authorization may possess the drug.
# Alan Greene

Alan Greene (August 29, 1911 – March 12, 2001) was an American diver who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936 he won the bronze medal in the 3 meter springboard event.
# Taavi Rõivas's first cabinet

Taavi Rõivas's first cabinet was the cabinet of Estonia from March 26, 2014 (2014-03-26) to March 30, 2015 (2015-03-30). It was a coalition cabinet of free market liberal Estonian Reform Party and Social Democratic Party.

## Ministers

| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Government's Office ||||||
| Prime Minister | Taavi Rõivas | 26 March 2014 | to the next cabinet | Reform |
| Ministry of Finance ||||||
| Minister of Finance | Jürgen Ligi | 4 June 2009 | 3 November 2014 | Reform |
| Minister of Finance | Maris Lauri | 3 November 2014 | 30 March 2015 | Reform |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs ||||||
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Urmas Paet | 13 April 2005 | 3 November 2014 | Reform |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Keit Pentus-Rosimannus | 17 November 2014 | to the next cabinet | Reform |
| Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications ||||||
| Minister of Economic Affairs and Infrastructure | Urve Palo | 26 March 2014 | 30 March 2015 | SDE |
| Minister of Foreign Trade and Entrepreneurship | Anne Sulling | 26 March 2014 | 30 March 2015 | Reform |
| Ministry of Justice ||||||
| Minister of Justice | Andres Anvelt | 26 March 2014 | 30 March 2015 | SDE |
| Ministry of Defence ||||||
| Minister of Defence | Sven Mikser | 26 March 2014 | to the next cabinet | SDE |
| Ministry of Culture ||||||
| Minister of Culture | Urve Tiidus | 4 December 2013 | 30 March 2015 | Reform |
| Ministry of the Interior ||||||
| Minister of the Interior and Regional Affairs | Hanno Pevkur | 26 March 2014 | to the next cabinet | Reform |
| Ministry of Education and Research ||||||
| Minister of Education and Research | Jevgeni Ossinovski | 26 March 2014 | 30 March 2015 | SDE |
| Ministry of the Environment ||||||
| Minister of the Environment | Keit Pentus-Rosimannus | 6 April 2011 | 17 November 2014 | Reform |
| Minister of the Environment | Mati Raidma | 17 November 2014 | 30 March 2015 | Reform |
| Ministry of Social Affairs ||||||
| Minister of Social Protection | Helmen Kütt | 26 March 2014 | 30 March 2015 | SDE |
| Minister of Health and Labour | Urmas Kruuse | 26 March 2014 | 30 March 2015 | Reform |
| Ministry of Agriculture ||||||
| Minister of Agriculture | Ivari Padar | 7 April 2014 | 30 March 2015 | SDE |

## Resignations

On 3 November 2014 Minister of Finance, Jürgen Ligi, resigned due to public pressure after scandalous Facebook post in which he insulted the Minister of Education and Research Jevgeni Ossinovski. On the same day Maris Lauri became the new Minister of Finance.
Also on 3 November 2014 Minister of Foreign Affairs, Urmas Paet, resigned to become an MP in the European Parliament.
# Jules Dumont

Jules Dumont (French pronunciation:) was born in Roubaix, 1 January 1888, and died at Suresnes, Mont Valérien, 15 June 1943.
Dumont was a French militant Communist. He fought in the Spanish Civil War, commanding the Commune de Paris Battalion, XI International Brigade. He was active in the French Resistance in the Second World War. Arrested by the Gestapo, he was shot at Suresnes (Fort du Mont-Valérien), near Paris, on 15 June 1943.
# Silvino Robin

Silvino Robin (born 29 October 1923) was a Brazilian weightlifter. He competed in the men's light heavyweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Álvaro Ribeiro

Álvaro Ribeiro (16 May 1901 – 11 November 1979) was a Brazilian sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres and the 200 metres events at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Jerkiness

Jerkiness (sometimes called strobing or choppy footage) describes the perception of individual still images while watching a motion picture.

## Description

Motion pictures are made from still images shown in rapid sequence. Provided there is sufficient continuity between the images and provided the sequence is shown fast enough, the central nervous system interprets the sequence as continuous motion. However, some technologies cannot process or carry data fast enough for sufficiently high frame rates. For example, viewing motion pictures by Internet connection generally necessitates a greatly reduced frame rate, making jerkiness clearly apparent.
In conventional cinematography, the images are filmed and displayed at 24 frames per second, at which speed jerkiness is not normally discernible. Television screens refresh at even higher frequencies. PAL and SÉCAM television (the standards in Europe) refresh at 25 or 50 (HDTV) frames per second. NTSC television displays (the standard in North America) refresh at 29.97 frames per second. Animated cartoon films are typically made at reduced frame rates (accomplished by shooting several film frames of the individual drawings) so as to limit production costs, with the result that jerkiness tends to be apparent, especially on older limited animation features.

## Other uses

Strobing can also refer to cross colour and Moiré patterning. Cross colour refers to when any high frequency luminance content of the picture, close to the TV system's colour sub-carrier frequency, is interpreted by the analogue receiver's decoder as colour information. Moiré patterning is where an interference pattern is produced by fine scene detail beating with the line (or even pixel) structure of the device used to analyse or display the scene.
# Marcos Maturana

Marcos Maturana del Campo born in 1802 in San Fernando, Chile, was a Chilean military and political figure who served in the Chilean War of Independence and the War of the Confederation.
Maturana was born in San Fernando, the son of Manuel Jesús Maturana Guzmán and of Petronila del Campo. In 1818, (at the age of 16) he became a cadet of the Húsares de la Muerte under Manuel Rodríguez, and participated in the Battle of Maipú, during the Chilean War of Independence. By 1820 he already was a second Lieutenant, and a member of the expedition to Peru where he was then captured, where he fought in the siege of Callao. Maturana was promoted to captain in 1824, and participated in the Chiloé campaigns of 1825 and 1826.
During the Chilean Civil War of 1829, he participated in the battles of Ochagavía and Lircay. In 1831 Maturana was promoted to Major and in 1834 to Lieutenant colonel. During the War of the Confederation he fought at the battles of Portada de Guías (1838) and Yungay (1839), and in the capture of Lima. In 1847 he was promoted to Colonel and named Aide-de-camp to President Manuel Bulnes.
On April 20, 1851, during the Urriola mutiny, he successfully defended his barracks against the attack of a full regiment and decisively contributed to the restoration of the public order. Maturana participated in the Occupation of the Araucanía during the later stages of the Arauco War, was promoted to Brigade General in 1854 and Division General in 1865. In 1855 he was elected Deputy for Santiago until 1858. President José Joaquín Pérez named him Minister of War and Navy, a position he held between July 9, 1862 and January 4, 1865. In 1864 he was again elected a deputy and in 1866, he became the Senior General Officer (equivalent to Army Commander-in-chief) and a Councilor of State. In 1867 he was elected Senator and reelected in 1870, position he retained until his death.
He retired from the Chilean Army in 1870, after 57 years, 4 months and 9 days of service and died in Santiago the following year, at the age of 69.
Political offices :
| Preceded byManuel García | Minister of War and Navy 1862-1865 | Succeeded byJosé Manuel Pinto |
| Military offices |||
| Preceded byManuel Bulnes | Senior General Officer 1866-1870 | Succeeded byJuan Manuel Jarpa |
# Antônio Simões

Antônio Simões (born 10 February 1941) is a Brazilian equestrian. He competed in the individual jumping event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Bruno Santana

Bruno Santana (born 1982) is a Brazilian handball player who plays for the Brazilian national team. He was born in Recife. He participated at the 2004 Summer Olympics, where Brazil placed 10th, and at the 2008 Summer Olympics, where the Brazilian team placed 11th.
# Diego Gobbi

Diego Gobbi (born 8 June 1995 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian professional squash player. As of December 2021, he was ranked number 204 in the world. He won the 2021 X5 Squash Open.
# Biovision Hierarchy

BioVision Hierarchy (BVH) is a file format used for storing motion capture data. It was developed by BioVision, a company that was later acquired by Motion Analysis Corporation. The format consists of a hierarchical structure of joints, with each joint containing rotation and translation data. BVH files are widely used in the film, gaming, and animation industries.

## History and Development

BVH file format's history and development span back to the 1990s, and it was originally developed as a proprietary file format for BioVision's motion capture systems, but later it was adopted by other motion capture systems, such as Vicon and OptiTrack. In the early days, BVH files were created for specific models and needed to be reworked for different models. However, as the use of BVH grew, more standardized models were created and used across different systems.
The development of BVH file format was a significant milestone in 3D animation and motion capture. Prior to BVH, motion data was recorded with pen and paper or entered manually into a computer. BVH allowed for the automatic capture and recording of motion data, making it easier and more efficient to create realistic animations.
Today, BVH remains a widely used file format for motion capture data and is supported by many animation software packages, such as Autodesk's Maya and Blender. It has become an essential tool in the animation industry, particularly for creating realistic and lifelike animations for movies and video games.

## Comparison with other file formats
### Filmbox (FBX)

* BVH files are often used in conjunction with software applications that support the format, including Blender, Maya, and MotionBuilder.
* FBX files are compatible with a wide range of software applications, including Autodesk products, Unity, and Unreal Engine.
* BVH files are limited to animation data capture and do not include other scene information.
* FBX files offer a wider range of animation features, including support for animation events, several animation tracks, and curves.
* BVH files are comparatively smaller in size compared to FBX files.
* FBX offers more control and flexibility at the expense of additional complexity and file size.
# Kingdom of Britain

The Kingdom of Britain may refer to:
* Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800)
* United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)
* United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1922–present)
# Emanuel Nascimento

Emanuel Fortes Nascimento (born 13 August 1970 in Minas Gerais) is a former international freestyle swimmer from Brazil, who participated in two consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1988. His best result was the 6th place in the Men's 4×100-metre freestyle in 1992.
At the 1988 Summer Olympics, in Seoul, he finished 10th in the 4×200-metre freestyle, 12th in the 4×100-metre freestyle, 18th in the 4×100-metre medley, 36th in the 200-metre butterfly, and 37th in the 100-metre freestyle.
He was the South American record holder of the 100-metre freestyle, between 1990 and 1991.
At the 1991 World Aquatics Championships, Nascimento finished 24th in the 100-metre freestyle, and 26th in the 200-metre freestyle.
He was at the 1991 Pan American Games, in Havana. He won gold in the 4×100-metre freestyle, and silver in the 4×200-metre freestyle. He also finished 6th in the 100-metre freestyle, and 7th in the 100-metre butterfly.
At the 1992 Summer Olympics, in Barcelona, he finished 6th in the 4×100-metre freestyle, 7th in the 4×200-metre freestyle, and 25th in the 100-metre freestyle.
After closing the swimming career, he became commercial director of Monytel, a company that operates in the field of communications.
# Felipe Silva (water polo)

Felipe Santos da Costa e Silva (born 8 August 1984) is a water polo player from Brazil. He was part of the Brazilian team at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where the team was eliminated in the quarterfinals.
# Gabriel Falcão

Gabriel Falcão Lira (born 5 July 2003) is a Brazilian judoka.
Falcão has practiced judo since he was 3 years old. In 2016 he became an athlete at Instituto Reação, in Rio de Janeiro.
At the 2021 Junior Pan American Games held in Cali, Colombia, Falcão won a gold medal in the ‍–‍73 kg category.
At the 2023 Pan American Games, Falcão won his biggest title, obtaining the gold medal in the ‍–‍73 kg category. He also obtained a silver medal for participating in the mixed team modality.
# Henrique Avancini

Henrique Avancini (born 30 March 1989) is a Brazilian mountain bike racer. He is a two-time winner of the UCI Mountain Bike Marathon World Championships (2018 and 2023), 17 times winner at the National Cross-country cycling championship (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022), and four times Pan American champion. Partnered with German rider Manuel Fumic at the 2016 and 2017 Absa Cape Epic, he won the prologue time trial and stage 1 in 2017, and the stage 7 finale in 2016.
He represented Brazil at the 2012 Summer Olympics, 2016 Summer Olympics, and 2020 Summer Olympics. He is considered the most successful Brazilian mountain bike athlete.

## Major results
### 2013

    1st Cross-country, National Championships
    3rd Cross-country, Pan American Championships

### 2014

    1st Cross-country, South American Games
    2nd Cross-country, National Championships

### 2015

    1st Cross-country, Pan American Championships
    1st Cross-country, National Championships
    2nd Overall Cyprus Sunshine Cup

### 2016

    1st Cross-country, National Championships
    1st Stage 7 Cape Epic
    2nd Cross-country, Pan American Championships

### 2017

    Cape Epic
       1st Prologue & Stage 1
    2nd Cross-country, Pan American Championships
    2nd Cross-country, National Championships

### 2018

    1st Marathon, UCI World Championships
    1st Cross-country, National Championships
    UCI XCC World Cup
       1st Vallnord
    3rd Overall Cape Epic (with Manuel Fumic)
       1st Stages 1 & 2

### 2019

    1st Cross-country, National Championships
    1st Marathon, National Championships
    2nd Overall Cape Epic (with Manuel Fumic)
       1st Stage 3
    3rd Overall UCI XCO World Cup
       3rd Nové Město
       3rd Vallnord
       3rd Les Gets
    UCI XCC World Cup
       1st Vallnord
       2nd Les Gets

### 2020

    National Championships
       1st Cross-country
       1st Short track
    1st Overall UCI Ranking MTB XCO
    UCI XCO World Cup
       1st Nové Město II
    UCI XCC World Cup
       1st Nové Město II
    1st Copa Catalana Internacional BTT
    1st Strabag Czech MTB Cup
    1st Górale na Start

### 2021

    National Championships
       1st Cross-country
       1st Short track
    UCI XCC World Cup
       1st Lenzerheide
       2nd Snowshoe
    Internazionali d’Italia Series
       1st Capoliveri
    2nd Short track, UCI World Championships

### 2022

    Pan American Championships
       1st Cross-country
       2nd Short track
    National Championships
       1st Cross-country
       1st Short track
    1st Taça Brasil
    1st Internacional Estrada Real
    1st Brasil Ride Bahia - Stage Class 1

### 2023

    National Championships
       1st Cross-country
       1st Short track
    1st Marathon, UCI World Championships
# Hugo Osteti

Hugo Vasconcelos Osteti (born 25 October 1993) is a Brazilian male BMX rider and track cyclist. He competed in the team sprint event at the 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
Hugo has done BMX Racing for 16 years and Track Cycling for 3 years.
* Gold Pan American
* Gold Latin American 3x
* Champion National 5x
* Champion State 4x
* Champion Brazil Cup 6x
* Champion Regional Bronze
* Pan American Games
* Bronze Pan American

## Note

* ↑ This name uses Portuguese naming customs: the first or maternal family name is Vasconcelos and the second or paternal family name is Osteti.
# José Carlos Santana

José Carlos Santana, also known as Santana, is a Brazilian former athlete who specialised in the marathon.
Santana, who was born in São Paulo, was a three-time winner of the Rio de Janeiro Marathon. He claimed a silver medal in the marathon at the 1991 Pan American Games, finishing two seconds behind Alberto Cuba. He had a second-place finish at the 1993 Los Angeles Marathon, which was won by his training partner Joseildo Rocha.

## Personal life

Santana is a cousin of marathon runner Marily dos Santos.
# José Toledo

José Guilherme de Toledo (born 11 January 1994) is a Brazilian handball player who plays for Recoletas Atlético Valladolid and the Brazilian national team.

## Career

José Toledo was born in São Paulo and started to play handball in the local club Handebol Itapema. In August 2013, Toledo was called up to the national youth team of Brazil for the World Championship campaign. Toledo led his national team to the 9th place after beating Spain in the group stage and Hungary in the 9th place game. He finished the tournament as the top goalscorer, with 64 goals.
One year later, in the summer of 2014, Toledo signed a three-year contract with Spanish team BM Granollers. In his first season in European handball, Toledo scored 107 goals in 27 appearances in all competitions, which made him a key player in the rotation of BM Granollers, one of the most successful clubs in Spain. Toledo started the following season with 47 goals in nine games in Liga ASOBAL.
In November 2015, he joined Polish powerhouse Wisła Płock on a two-year contract. He made his debut in EHF Champions League against Beşiktaş, scoring four goals. He finished his first season with 82 goals, 30 of which were scored in the Champions League.
Toledo was part of the squad of Brazil senior team to the 2015 World Championship in Qatar. He also won the 2016 Pan-American Championship with Brazil and was part of the squad in the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.

## Achievements

* 2018 Pan American Men's Handball Championship: Best right back
# João Vítor de Oliveira

João Vítor de Oliveira (born 15 May 1992) is a Brazilian hurdler. He competed in the 110 metres hurdles event at the 2015 World Championships in Beijing reaching the semifinals. His personal best in the 110 metres hurdles is 13.45 seconds (8.2 m/s), set in Beijing in 2015.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Brazil ||||||
| 2010 | World Junior Championships | Moncton, Canada | 9th (sf) | 110 m hurdles (99 cm) | 13.79 |
| 2010 | World Junior Championships | Moncton, Canada | 15th (sf) | 400 m hurdles | 52.53 |
| 2011 | Pan American Junior Championships | Miramar, United States | 3rd | 110 m hurdles (99 cm) | 13.97 |
| 2011 | South American Junior Championships | Medellín, Colombia | 1st | 110 m hurdles (99 cm) | 13.85 |
| 2011 | South American Junior Championships | Medellín, Colombia | 1st | 400 m hurdles | 52.62 |
| 2012 | South American U23 Championships | São Paulo, Brazil | 1st | 110 m hurdles | 14.14 |
| 2015 | South American Championships | Lima, Peru | 1st | 110 m hurdles | 13.96 |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 18th (sf) | 110 m hurdles | 13.45 |
| 2016 | World Indoor Championships | Portland, United States | 25th (h) | 60 m hurdles | 7.99 |
| 2016 | Ibero-American Championships | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 6th | 110 m hurdles | 13.90 |
| 2016 | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro | 22nd (sf) | 110 m hurdles | 13.85 |
| Representing Portugal ||||||
| 2022 | Mediterranean Games | Oran, Algeria | 9th (h) | 110 m hurdles | 13.92 |
| 2022 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 21st (sf) | 110 m hurdles | 13.92 |
| 2024 | Ibero-American Championships | Cuiabá, Brazil | 6th | 110 m hurdles | 13.62 (w) |
# Pancho Lake

Pancho Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 479 along Rock Creek or 458 along the Queens River.
Pancho Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries.