OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Meat absorbent pad

A meat absorbent pad or meat pad, colloquially known in North America as a meat diaper, refers to the absorbent pad found in pre-packaged (or case-ready) meats. Its purpose is to absorb the juices released from the meat during storage and transportation, helping maintain the meat's appearance and reduce spoilage. Case-ready meats almost always contain one or two meat absorbent pads which absorb and retain the juices, blood, and other fluids that seep from the meats, which can be messy, may leak, are often contaminated with bacteria, and are generally unsightly for the consumer.
Chilling meat can help reduce the amount of exudate that is released from the meat, which is also known as drip, purge, or weep. However, it is normal for meat to lose 1–2 percent of its weight due to this liquid loss, while anything more is considered excessive.
In the United States, meat absorbent pads are food contact materials. As such, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, suppliers using them are required to maintain a "Letter of Guaranty" on file.

## Construction

Several constructions for meat absorbent pads have been developed. The absorbent pads are typically made from materials such as cellulose, silica gel, sorbent nonwoven fabric, superabsorbent polymers, or other absorptive materials that can hold a significant amount of liquid relative to their size. They are usually covered in a non-toxic plastic wrapping that allows the liquid to seep in and stay trapped within the pad. Antimicrobials are sometimes included. The pads help regulate drip loss, and their size is in part determined by the meat water holding capacity.
Readily biodegradable meat drip pads are available, though in limited use due to their higher costs. While packaging waste is a concern, the main priority for vendors is to minimize food waste caused by spoilage. Active packaging antibacterial indicator absorbent pads that inhibit bacterial growth and visually signal meat deterioration are being explored through the use of nanofibers and silver nanoparticles.
If the absorbent pads are accidentally cooked to the point of melting, the associated meat should not be consumed. If the pads are pre-moistened to add weight to the package, it may be considered to be a form of weight fraud.
# 1990 Senior League World Series

The 1990 Senior League World Series took place from August 12–18 in Kissimmee, Florida, United States. Taipei, Taiwan defeated Danville, California in the championship game. It was Taiwan's third straight title.
In an effort to boost attendance, the Host team was re-introduced.

## Teams

| United States | International |
| Conway, Florida District 3 Host | Edmonton, Alberta Canada |
| South Gibson, Indiana Central | Brussels, Belgium Europe |
| Montoursville, Pennsylvania East | Taipei, Taiwan Far East |
| Venice, Florida South | Maracaibo, Venezuela Latin America |
| Danville, California West | |

## Results

Winner's Bracket
| Opening Game | Opening Game | Opening Game | — | — | — | — | — | — | Bracket Final | Bracket Final | Bracket Final |
| | | | 1–0 | Host | 6 | | | | | | |
| — | Host | 8 | — | Pennsylvania | 0 | | | | | | |
| — | Belgium | 5 | | | | 2–0 | Host | 6 | | | |
| | | | | | | 1–0 | Florida | 7 | | | |
| | | | — | Florida | 2 | | | | | | |
| | | | — | Canada | 0 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | 2–0 | Florida | 0 |
| | | | | | | | | | 2–0 | Taiwan | 2 |
| | | | — | California | 4 | | | | | | |
| | | | — | Venezuela | 3 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | 1–0 | California | 1 | | | |
| | | | | | | 1–0 | Taiwan | 14 | | | |
| | | | — | Indiana | 0 | | | | | | |
| | | | — | Taiwan | 16 | | | | | | |
Loser's Bracket
| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Bracket Final | Bracket Final | Bracket Final |
| 0–1 | Belgium | 2 | | | | 2–1 | Host | 5 | | | |
| | | | 0–1 | Pennsylvania | 0 | 2–1 | Venezuela | 1 | | | |
| 0–1 | Canada | 7 | 1–1 | Venezuela | 8 | | | | | | |
| 0–1 | Canada | 7 | 1–1 | Venezuela | 8 | | | | 3–1 | Host | 8 |
| | | | | | | | | | 3–1 | California | 17 |
| | | | | | | 2–1 | Florida | 6 | | | |
| 0–1 | Indiana | 2 | 1–1 | California | 19 | 2–1 | California | 7 | | | |
| | | | 1–1 | Canada | 1 | | | | | | |
| 0–1 | Venezuela | 15 | | | | | | | | | |
Placement Bracket
| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Third Place Game | Third Place Game | Third Place Game |
| 0–2 | Belgium | 8 | | | | 2–2 | Florida | 15 | | | |
| | | | 1–2 | Canada | 6 | 2–2 | Belgium | 6 | | | |
| | | | 1–2 | Belgium | 9 | | | | | | |
| | | | 1–2 | Belgium | 9 | | | | 3–2 | Florida | 8 |
| | | | | | | | | | 2–2 | Pennsylvania | 5 |
| | | | | | | 3–2 | Host | 2 | | | |
| | | | 0–2 | Pennsylvania | 7 | 1–2 | Pennsylvania | 10 | | | |
| | | | 2–2 | Venezuela | 6 | | | | | | |
| 0–2 | Indiana | 7 | | | | | | | | | |
Elimination Round
| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | World Championship | World Championship | World Championship |
| 2–0 | Florida | 0 | | | |
| 2–0 | Taiwan | 2 | | | |
| 2–0 | Taiwan | 2 | 3–0 | Taiwan | 8 |
| | | | 4–1 | California | 0 |
| 3–1 | Host | 8 | 4–1 | California | 0 |
| 3–1 | California | 17 | Third Place Game | Third Place Game | Third Place Game |
| | | | 3–2 | Florida | 8 |
| | | | 2–2 | Pennsylvania | 5 |
* 1990 Senior League World Series Champions
* Taipei, Taiwan
# Laevipilina theresae

Laevipilina theresae is a species of monoplacophoran, a superficially limpet-like marine mollusk. It is known from a live specimen collected in the Eastern Weddell Sea of Antarctica.
The shell of Laevipilina theresae measures 2.5 mm × 2.1 mm (0.098 in × 0.083 in).
# Yunzhu

Yunzhu is a Chinese name.

## People with the name

* Cao Yunzhu (born 2003), Chinese trampolinist
* Shangguan Yunzhu (1920–1968), Chinese actress
# Glyptonotus antarcticus

Glyptonotus antarcticus is a benthic marine isopod crustacean in the suborder Valvifera. This relatively large isopod is found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. It was first described by James Eights in 1852 and the type locality is the South Shetland Islands.

## Description

Glyptonotus antarcticus has a typical maximum length of 9 cm (3.5 in), but may rarely reach up to 20 cm (8 in). This is large for an isopod, most of which are between 0.5 and 1.5 cm (0.2–0.6 in) in length. It has two pairs of compound eyes, a large pair on the dorsal surface and a smaller pair on the ventral surface. Glyptonotus antarcticus has only five ommatidia, which is unusual for crustaceans and insects. It is thought that the latter are useful when the animal is swimming, which it does in an upside-down position. With the exception of the eyes, certain mouthparts and feet, the whole surface of the animal has minute cuticular outgrowths of feathery hairs and knobbly scales. It is thought that these may help to prevent attachment of Foraminifera and marine larval organisms on the body surface.

## Distribution and habitat

Glyptonotus antarcticus is native to the Southern Ocean around Antarctica, where it occurs in large numbers. It lives on the seabed at depths ranging from the intertidal zone down to more than 600 m (2,000 ft).

## Biology

Glyptonotus antarcticus is a carnivore and scavenger and is often caught in baited traps on the seabed. It is an opportunistic predator with a mixed diet which includes a high proportion of echinoderms, but it is also cannibalistic. That the available food supply may be fairly constant is shown by the fact that it breeds at any time of year. Females can breed when at least 7.5 cm (3 in) long. The eggs and young are brooded for an extended period—more than 1½ year—in the female's marsupium where they are nourished by a maternal secretion. As typical of Antarctic isopods, there is no pelagic larval stage.

## Research

Given its abundance and the fact that it is relatively easy to keep in aquaria, Glyptonotus antarcticus has become an important model organism used as a research object in ecological, biochemical and physiological studies. A 2005 genetic study suggested that Glyptonotus antarcticus may in fact represent several distinct species.
# Veterana (song)

"Veterana" is a song by bachata singers Elvis Martínez and Prince Royce. The song was released on December 3, 2021. It serves as the second single for Martinez's tenth studio album Mi Muchachita (2022). The music video premiered on the same day as its audio release. They both performed the song live on the grand finale of Telemundo's reality show, Así Se Baila.

## Music video

The music video premiered on the same day as its audio release. It was filmed in Miami, Florida and directed by Chacha Zambrano. In the video, Prince Royce is a mechanic while Elvis Martinez is a bartender. They both are head-over-heels over the “veteran” lady, portrayed by Dominican actress Jenny Blanco.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2021-22) | Peak position |
| Dominican Republic Bachata (Monitor Latino) | 1 |
| Dominican Republic General (Monitor Latino) | 1 |
| US Latin Airplay (Billboard) | 49 |
| US Tropical Airplay (Billboard) | 7 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold (Latin) | 30,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Samuel Gompers-class destroyer tender

The Samuel Gompers-class destroyer tenders were a class of ships that served the United States Navy from 1967 to 1996. Their namesake was union leader Samuel Gompers.

## History

The Samuel Gompers-class was the first class of destroyer tenders designed by the U.S. Navy, twenty years after the preceding Shenandoah-class. The ships were specifically designed to be able to service ships with nuclear propulsion or with gas turbines. The ships were also able to service the variety of guided missiles coming into service. They also had a helicopter platform aft, although only Puget Sound was later fitted with a hangar, when she served as flagship of the United States Sixth Fleet. Both ships were originally armed with a World War II-vintage 5"/38 caliber gun turret forward. The construction of two additional ships (AD-39, AD-40) was cancelled in 1969 and 1974.

## Ships in class

| Ship name | Hull no. | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Fate | DANFS | NVR Page |
| Samuel Gompers | AD-37 | Puget Sound Naval Shipyard | 7 September 1964 | 14 May 1966 | 1 July 1967 | 27 October 1995 | Sunk as target, 22 July 2003 | | |
| Puget Sound | AD-38 | Puget Sound Naval Shipyard | 15 February 1965 | 16 September 1966 | 27 April 1968 | 27 January 1996 | Sold for scrap, 2008 | | |
# Actinopyga lecanora

Actinopyga lecanora, commonly known as the white-bottomed sea cucumber or stonefish, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It is native to the tropical Western Indo-Pacific region and is harvested for food.

## Description

Actinopyga lecanora grows to a length of about 250 mm (10 in). The top and bottom of the sea cucumber is a mottled tan-orange colour, and the anus is surrounded with a white ring, lending the sea cucumber its common name.

## Distribution and habitat

Actinopyga lecanora is found off the coasts of Asia and East Africa, in the tropical Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Its range extends from Kenya and Madagascar to the west, to Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Taiwan, and other island groups in the western Pacific. It is considered rare in the Taiping Islands and Taiwan. It is nocturnal and typically found on forereef slopes, at depths between 0 and 23 m (0 and 80 ft), and prefers microhabitat with complex topography.

## Status

This species is harvested commercially for food and traditional medicine in some parts of its range, and is of medium commercial importance. It is used in the production of bêche-de-mer in 13 different countries in the Western Central Pacific. In Papua New Guinea, it is subject to a minimum size limit of 15 cm (6 in) if fresh and 15 cm (6 in) if dry, as well as a designated fishing season between January 16 and September 30 to prevent overfishing. The IUCN lists its conservation status as data deficient.

## Aquaculture and early development

This species has not been cultured at industrial scales, but a technique to produce its juvenile has been developed. This species has large ovary over 300 μm in diameter and lecithotrophic. Its planktonic larva rapidly settles into the benthic phase in 4-8 days after fertilization.
* Marine Life portal
# Abatus cordatus

Abatus cordatus is a species of sea urchin in the family Schizasteridae. It is native to shallow seas surrounding certain island groups in the southern Indian Ocean. The body is protected by a hard test or shell which is covered with spines. The female broods its young in deep pockets on the upper surface, retaining the young in place with specialised spines. American zoologist Addison Emery Verrill first scientifically described A. cordatus in 1876.

## Description

The test of this species is oval and bilaterally symmetrical, up to 5 cm (2 in) long. The oral (under) surface is relatively flat but the aboral (upper) surface is domed, the colour being some shade of yellowish or greenish-brown. The test is thin and fragile, and is entirely covered with spines of various lengths in different parts. The anterior ambulacrum forms a shallow depression and the other four ambulacra form a star-shaped furrow across the surface of the test; this is shallow in males, but much deeper in females, forming pockets in which the young are incubated. The pockets are protected by specialized spines. On the oral surface the spines are short and used for locomotion, while the surrounding spines are used for digging.

## Distribution and habitat

Abatus cordatus is endemic to certain subantarctic island groups in the southern Indian Ocean. It is known from the Kerguelen Islands, and the Heard Island and McDonald Islands. It occurs buried in soft muddy or sandy sediment, usually at depths down to about 2 m (7 ft), but has been found at depths as great as 560 m (1,800 ft).

## Ecology

This sea urchin is a detritivore and feeds on organic matter in the sediment. It is gonochoric, individuals being either male or female. The eggs are large and yolky, and when they have emerged from the female's gonopore, they fall into the adjacent pockets; here they undergo direct development, being brooded for about nine months, with a few dozen young in each pocket. By this time they have developed into juveniles about 2 mm (0.1 in) in diameter with mouths and spines. They then crawl away from their mother. This is the first time that direct development has been observed among sea urchins. It is not clear precisely when the eggs are fertilised, but it has been discovered that the juveniles do not necessarily all share the same father.
Because of the absence of a larval stage, most juveniles do not disperse more than a few metres from their parent. They have no known predators, and under favourable conditions can be very numerous, with up to 200 per square metre having been recorded. Their lack of ability to disperse may make them sensitive to alterations in their habitat such as changes in seawater temperatures.
# Annunciation (Reni)

Annunciation is an oil on canvas painting by Guido Reni, commissioned by Marie de' Medici and probably painted in early 1629. The first large painting by the artist to reach France, it is now Inventory Number 521 in the Louvre Museum, displayed on the first floor in Room 12 of the Grande Galerie. Reni also produced an earlier and less-worked-up version of the work in 1621 for the church of San Pietro in Valle, Fano which is now in that town's art gallery.

## History

With the commission for the Annunciation as a first step, Marie de' Medici contacted Reni via cardinal Bernardino Spada with a failed attempt to persuade him to come to Paris in order to paint the second gallery of the palais du Luxembourg, a commission initially given Rubens. Placed in a sumptuous marble and gilded wood frame on the high altar of the church of the couvent des Carmélites du faubourg Saint-Jacques in Paris, it was moved to that church's choir before 1684.
The work was admired in 1665 by Bernini, who called it "one of the most beautiful things to be seen, which on its own was worth half of Paris". Before the mid 17th century the work had a major influence on contemporary painters such as Laurent de La Hyre, Philippe de Champaigne, Jacques Stella and Eustache Le Sueur (all leaders of 'Atticism', a major classicising movement in French art of that time) and was praised by art historians and critics such as Claude Malingre (1640), Symonds (1649), Germain Brice (1684)
On the French Revolution the work was seized and placed in storage at Les Petits-Augustins in September 1792 before becoming part of the initial nucleus collection of the Musée central des Arts de la République (later renamed the Louvre) that December. Several copies of the work survive, including one offered to Balaruc-les-Bains by Napoléon III and now on show in the church of Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption in that town. Another copy is at the church of Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois de Paris in Paris.
# FC Tempo Prague

FC Tempo Prague is a football club located in Prague-Lhotka, Czech Republic. It currently plays in the Czech Fourth Division having been promoted from the Prague Championship in 2024. The club took part in the 2013–14 Czech Cup and won their game in the preliminary round to qualify for the first round proper of the competition.

## Historical names

* 1928–1930 S.K. Lhotka
* 1930–1932 Olympia Praha XV
* 1932–1934 S.K. Lhotka
* 1934–1948 A.F.K. Zátiší
* 1948–1978 Sokol Lhotka
* 1978–1990 TJ Tempo Praha
* 1990- FC Tempo Praha
# Parvulastra dyscrita

Parvulastra dyscrita is a species of starfish belonging to the family Asterinidae. The species is found in Southern Africa.
# Pseudoreaster

Pseudoreaster obtusangulus is a species of sea stars in the family Oreasteridae. It is the sole species in the genus Pseudoreaster. It is found in the eastern Indian Ocean, on the west coast of Australia.
# Fluctuating selection

Fluctuating selection is a mode of natural selection characterized by the fluctuation of the direction of selection on a given phenotype over a relatively brief period of evolutionary time. For example, a species of plant may come in two varieties: one which prefers wetter soil and one which prefers dryer soil. During a period of wet years, the wet variety will be more fit and produce more offspring, and thereby increase the frequency of wet-preferring plants. If this wet period is followed by drought, the dry variety will be selected for and its numbers will increase. As periods of dryness and wetness fluctuate, so too does selection on dry-preferring and wet-preferring plants. Fluctuating selection is also manifest at the genic level. Consider two alleles, A and B, which are found at the same locus. Fluctuating selection dynamics are at play when selection favors A at time t$_0$, B at t$_1$ and A again at t$_2$.
Fluctuating selection has been characterized by several mathematical models. Under some circumstances, fluctuating selection may lead to a balanced polymorphism. When two species exert selection on one another, e.g. a host and its parasite, this can lead to fluctuating selection dynamics.

## Red Queen dynamics and the maintenance of sex

The Red Queen hypothesis describes coevolutionary 'arms races' between antagonistic species (predators and prey, parasites and hosts, competitors with overlapping niches), emphasizing competition between species and populations rather than within them. Under Red Queen dynamics, a species must adapt to shifting selection pressures of the ever-changing biota which constitute its environment or face extinction. Experiments in Red Queen environments on real and simulated populations have offered strong support for the maintenance of sexual reproduction despite the two-fold cost of sex.
Fluctuating selection may also play an important role in host-parasite coevolutionary relationships, specifically in the maintenance of sex. It has been shown that coevolutionary arms race dynamics between host and parasite give way to fluctuating selection dynamics in a minimal environment. Fluctuating selection in Red Queen environments has been suggested as an explanation for the persistence of sex:
   The essence of sex in our theory is that it stores genes that are currently bad but have promise for reuse. It continually tries them in combination, waiting for the time when the focus of disadvantage has moved elsewhere. When this has happened, the genotypes carrying such genes spread by successful reproduction, becoming simultaneously stores for other bad genes and thus onward in continuous succession.
In this conception of sex, the population is a storehouse of variation and sex is a mechanism for distributing old, minority variants once they become useful. This theory depends on fluctuating selection, as fluctuating selection dynamics make adaptive previously maladaptive variants due to ecological shifts.
# Nancy Byrd Turner

For the Canadian ethnobiologist, see Nancy Turner.
Nancy Byrd Turner (July 29, 1880 – September 5, 1971) was an American poet, editor and lecturer. She was a recipient of the Golden Rose Award and the Virginia Writers' Club's poetry prize.

## Life

Nancy Byrd Turner was born in Boydton, Virginia, July 29, 1880. She was the eldest child of Rev. Byrd Thornton and Nancy Turner.
In 1898, she graduated from Hannah More Academy in Maryland and began work as a teacher. During this period her work appeared in several national magazines including the Saturday Evening Post and Scribner's.
In 1917, she moved to Boston to join the editorial staff of The Youth's Companion. By 1922 she was an editor for The Atlantic, The Independent, and Houghton Mifflin. She joined the MacDowell art colony in 1925 and remained there until 1944.
Her first book of poetry, A Riband on My Rein, was published in 1929. Over the course of her career she published 15 books, ranging from adult poetry to children's literature and lyrics. Her work appeared in England and in the United States in such magazines as Good Housekeeping, Harper's Magazine, Ladies' Home Journal, and the New Yorker.
She retired to Ashland, Virginia, to become a lecturer and freelance writer. She died September 5, 1971.

## Awards

* 1930 Golden Rose Award, of the New England Poetry Society.
* 1948 Virginia Writers' Club's poetry prize

## Works

* "Lincoln". poetryx (archived version). Archived from the original on 2010-02-05.
* "Stars Were Gleaming". The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

### Poetry

* Magpie Lane: Poems. Harcourt, Brace & Company. 1927.
* A Riband on My Rein, 1929
* Zodiac Town. Atlantic Monthly Press. 1921. ISBN 978-1-4097-1102-5 reprint 2008 (illustrated by Winifred Bromhall)
* The Mother of Washington. Dodd, Mead & Company. 1930.
* A Riband on My Rein: Poems. Dodd, Mead & Company. 1934.
* Star in a Well; Poems. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co. 1935.
* Silver Saturday: Poems for the Home. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co. 1937.
* Poems: Selected and New. Golden Quill Press. 1965.
* When Young Melissa Sweeps: Poem. Peachtree. 1998. ISBN 978-1-56145-157-9.