OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leptuca pugilator

Leptuca pugilator, the sand fiddler crab, Atlantic sand fiddler crab, or Calico fiddler, is a species of fiddler crab that is found from Massachusetts to the Gulf of Mexico. It lives in burrows in coastal and estuarine mud-flats, and can be extremely abundant. It can be differentiated from the morphologically similar Minuca pugnax and Minuca minax by the smoothness of the inside of its claws. One claw is larger than the other, and can be much larger than the crab's body, at up to 41 mm (1.6 in) long.
Leptuca pugilator was formerly in the genus Uca, but in 2016 it became a member of the genus Leptuca, a former subgenus of Uca.

## Description

The carapace is square in shape, tapering slightly to the rear; it can reach a width of 25 millimetres (0.98 in), but is typically up to 21 mm (0.83 in) wide and 14 mm (0.55 in) long. The space between the eyes is much shorter than the eyestalk. The males have one extremely enlarged chela (claw), which they use to claim their territory and fight with other males. The claw can be much larger than the body, at up to 35 mm (1.4 in) long, or exceptionally up to 41 mm (1.6 in) long. It is common for males to lose claws in the battles. When this happens, the claw regenerates and the opposite side begins to enlarge. Fiddler crabs are right or left clawed. The inside of these claws are also very smooth, unlike its other close relatives Minuca pugnax and Minuca minax.

## Geographic distribution

Leptuca pugilator is one of only five species of fiddler crabs found primarily in temperate areas. The species occurs on the east coast of North America and in the Gulf of Mexico, having been found as far north as Massachusetts and as far south as Texas and Florida. This species has also reportedly been found in the Bahamas. They may also be found in the warmer waters of the Atlantic along the West coast of Africa.

## Habitat

Leptuca pugilator can be found in estuarine and coastal areas or sheltered shores with sandy or muddy substrates. It is frequently found in areas bordering marshes and along the banks of tidal streams. It can be found in these areas in large numbers – thousands to millions.
# Chungjeongno station

Chungjeongno Station (Korean: 충정로역) is a subway station on Seoul Subway Line 2 and Seoul Subway Line 5. It is located in Seodaemun District, Seoul, South Korea. Chungjeong was the pen name of minister Min Yeong-hwan, who committed suicide protesting the signing of the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905.
# List of early Christian writers

Various early Christian writers wrote gospels and other books, some of which were canonized as the New Testament canon developed. The Apostolic Fathers were prominent writers who are traditionally understood to have met and learned from Jesus's personal disciples. The Church Fathers are later writers with no direct connection to the disciples (other than the claim to apostolic succession). Early Christian apologists tried to defend Christianity against its critics, especially the Ancient Greek and Roman philosophers. Dates given, if not otherwise specified, are of their writings or bishopric, not of their lives.
* Paul of Tarsus, "Apostle to the Gentiles", earliest New Testament author 45~65
* Four Evangelists, traditionally identified as the authors of the canonical gospels 60~125
* Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, apostolic father 68~107
* Marcion of Sinope, evangelist and theologian, founder of Marcionism, published the first known canon of the New Testament, 85~160
* Clement of Rome, bishop of Rome, apostolic father 88~101
* Papias, bishop of Hierapolis, apostolic father 110~130
* Polycarp of Smyrna, bishop of Smyrna, apostolic father 110~160
* Aristides of Athens, apologist ~120
* Justin Martyr, church father ~165
* Melito of Sardis, bishop of Sardis, ~180
* Irenaeus, bishop of Lyon, disciple of Polycarp, apologist 180~202
* Origen of Alexandria, 185~254, Neoplatonist, controversial during his lifetime, posthumously condemned at the Second Council of Constantinople in 553
* Tatian, pupil of Justin Martyr, ascetic theologian ~185
* Athenagoras of Athens, philosopher, apologist ~190
* Polycrates, bishop of Ephesus, excommunicated by Victor I of Rome over the Easter controversy ~196
* Montanus, self-proclaimed prophet and founder of Montanism, last quarter of 2nd century CE
* Tertullian, church father, apologist, first Christian writer in Latin, later a Montanist 197~230
* Hippolytus, church father, sometimes termed the first Antipope, reconciled with the church and died a martyr 217~236
* Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, martyr 218~258
* Clement of Alexandria, church father, Bishop of Alexandria ~220
* Novatian, a rigorist and Antipope in 251
* Dionysius, patriarch of Alexandria, pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church 248~264
* Paul of Samosata, bishop of Antioch, adoptionist, condemned at 269 Council of Antioch
* Athanasius of Alexandria, c. 297~373, patriarch of Alexandria, defender of the Trinitarian doctrine
* Donatus Magnus, bishop of Carthage, (+355), leader of the Donatists from 313
* Lactantius, apologist ~317
* Arnobius, apologist ~330
* Eusebius, wrote History of the Church ~325
* Augustine of Hippo, 354-430, Latin church father, wrote Confessions and City of God
# Type aliasing

Type aliasing is a feature in some programming languages that allows creating a reference to a type using another name. It does not create a new type hence does not increase type safety. It can be used to shorten a long name. Languages allowing type aliasing include: C++, C# Crystal, D, Dart, Elixir, Elm, F#, Go, Hack, Haskell, Julia, Kotlin, Nim, OCaml, Python, Rust, Scala, Swift and TypeScript.

## Example
### C++

C++ features type aliasing using the using keyword.

### C#

C# since version 12 features type aliasing using the using keyword.

### Crystal

Crystal features type aliasing using the alias keyword.

### D

D features type aliasing using the alias keyword.

### Dart

Dart features type aliasing using the typedef keyword.

### Elixir

Elixir features type aliasing using @type.

### Elm

Elm features type aliasing using type alias.

### F#

F3 features type aliasing using the type keyword.

### Go

Go features type aliasing using the type keyword and =.

### Hack

Hack features type aliasing using the newtype keyword.

### Haskell

Haskell features type aliasing using the type keyword.

### Julia

Julia features type aliasing.

### Kotlin

Kotlin features type aliasing using the typealias keyword.

### Nim

Nim features type aliasing.

### OCaml

OCaml features type aliasing.

### Python

Python features type aliasing.
Type aliases may be marked with TypeAlias to make it explicit that the statement is a type alias declaration, not a normal variable assignment.

### Rust

Rust features type aliasing using the type keyword.

### Scala

Scala can create type aliases using opaque types.

### Swift

Swift features type aliasing using the typealias keyword.

### TypeScript

TypeScript features type aliasing using the type keyword.

### Zig

Zig features type aliasing by assigning a data type to a constant.
# John McRory

John McRory (February 15, 1834 – May 17, 1893) was a merchant and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Addington in the House of Commons of Canada from 1879 to 1882 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Kingston Township, Upper Canada, the son of Matthew T. McRory, an Irish immigrant. He was educated in Kingston. In 1856, he married Miriam Wood. McRory served as reeve for Kingston Township from 1865 to 1877 and was the warden for Frontenac County in 1876.
vte1878 Canadian federal election: Addington :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | John McRory | 1,656 | 57.0 |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Schuyler Shibley | 1,244 | 43.0 |
# Langford, Norfolk

Langford is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Ickburgh, in the Breckland district, in the county of Norfolk, England. The village is in the Norfolk battle training area of the Ministry of Defence which is an area with restricted entry. Langford is about nine miles south of the town of Swaffham. In 1931 the parish had a population of 34.

## History

The village's name means 'Long ford'.
Langford has an entry in the Domesday Book of 1086, in which it is recorded as Langaforde. The main landholder is named as Hugh de Montfort and the survey also states that there are two mills, a fishery, and two beehives.
On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Ickburgh.

### Evacuation

During the Second World War, the village was taken over by the British Army when it was incorporated into the Stanford Battle Area. The military ranges were needed to prepare Allied infantry for Operation Overlord (the Battle of Normandy in 1944). Though some villagers were said to be happy to give up their homes to help the War effort, the majority were less than enthusiastic, with a number of heated village meetings and some refusing to leave the area. This was the subject of a book Farming, on a Battle Ground written by Lucille Reeve, one of those who refused to leave, writing under the pseudonym A Norfolk Woman.
However at the close of World War II, the former villagers were never allowed to return to their homes by the War Office. Most of the inhabitants of Langford were not landowners, and rented the houses and farmed the land belonging to the Walsingham estates. Though they had been promised that they could return to their homes after the war, the government later reneged on the promise and bought the land, threatening Walsingham with a compulsory purchase order. As the majority of the inhabitants were not landowners, they received very little in compensation, were put into council housing and many lost their livelihoods. They continued to fight for many years to return to their homes and farmland but the beginnings of the Cold War and the need for dedicated training areas removed all chances of a return.
Since the evacuation, the village and its parish remain within the Ministry of Defence's Thetford infantry training area. Access is not allowed without special permission.

## The Parish Church of St Andrew

The parish church is a simple affair made up of two cells which date from the Norman period. The church once had a medieval tower, but this was lost sometime in the 18th century. The bell turret is late Victorian, in a Norman style. The eaves of the church have curious carved faces on the east elevation: a grinning cat to the south, a wild man to the north.
# Selhurst Road

Selhurst Road is a main road between South Norwood and Selhurst in the London Borough of Croydon, south London. It forms part of the A213 road which is a major A Road connecting both Sydenham and Croydon.
The road starts in South Norwood from the High Street, which is also part of the A213, then it carries on to Selhurst railway station opposite Heavers Meadow then on a side road it passes the BRIT School. The road carries on until it meets Northcote Road at a corner, this road carries on until it hits a five way junction with Whitehorse Road (towards Thornton Heath and Croydon), Windmill Road (towards Purley Way), Limes Road (residential) and Hampton Road (retail). The road passes four different schools within only 1,500 metres of each other.
Roberts Cycles, a bicycle manufacture and custom framebuilder is located on the road. Other shops located on Selhurst or Northcote Road are Halfords, Staples, a Shell Petrol Station, Tesco Express and numerous pubs.
# Paul Glastris

Paul Glastris is an American journalist and political columnist. Glastris is the current editor-in-chief of the Washington Monthly and was President Bill Clinton's chief speechwriter from September 1998 to the end of his presidency in early 2001. Before 1998, Glastris was a correspondent for U.S. News & World Report.

## Early life and education

Glastris grew up in the St. Louis area with two brothers, Bill and George. His mother, Bess "Vasiliki" Dimpapas Glastri (1924-2018), was the daughter of Greek immigrant parents, and had a pioneering career at KWK Radio-TV in St. Louis before marrying William V. Glastris, Sr. His father owned a small company, Glastris-Manning/Courtesy Checks Advertising and Public Relations Group.
Glastris graduated from Parkway West High in Ballwin, Missouri, in 1977. He attended Northwestern University, graduating with a B.A. in history in 1981 and a M.A. in radio in 1982.

## Career

In 1984, Glastis was working for his father in the advertising business, when he decided to move to Washington, D.C. He found an unpaid internship, then a staff job at the Washington Monthly from 1985 to 1986. In 1987 he was a freelance writer in Washington.
From 1988 to 1998, Glastris was a correspondent and editor for U.S. News & World Report. Glastris covered the Midwest from U.S. News & World Report's Chicago bureau. He did this during two presidential campaigns, the Mississippi floods of 1993, and the rise of the Michigan Militia. From 1995 to 1996, he worked as Bureau Chief in Berlin, Germany where he was responsible for covering the former Yugoslavia in the final months of the Bosnia War. He also wrote stories while staying in Germany, Russia, Greece, and Turkey.
While working as a speechwriter for President Bill Clinton from 1998 to 2001, Glastris wrote drafts of more than 200 speeches on a variety of subjects such as education, health care, and the budget. He helped write the State of the Union addresses in 1999 and 2000. In 1999, Glastris traveled with President Clinton to Turkey and Greece and wrote the President's address to Greece. Glastris developed Clinton's "DC Reads this Summer" program. This program "put over 1000 federal employees as volunteer reading tutors in Washington, DC public schools." In 2000, he was also responsible for co-writing the President's address to the Democratic convention in Los Angeles.
Glastris has been the editor-in-chief of the Washington Monthly since 2001. He was a Bernard L. Schwartz Fellow at New America Foundation from 2008 to 2010, and is a senior fellow at the Western Policy Center in Washington, D.C.

## Personal life

Glastris was married to Kukula Kapoor Glastris, who died in August 2017; the two met in 1981, when Glastris was in graduate school. Kukula worked for U.S. News and later was books editor of the Washington Monthly. The couple had two children, Hope and Adam. Glastris and his family live in Washington, D.C.
# Tut Ruach

Tut Ruach (born April 30, 1985) is a Canadian former basketball player. Starting his professional career in 2009, he was named NBL Canada All-Star in 2012. Ruach played college basketball for York University and competed for Father Michael Goetz Secondary School in his previous seasons. He left York as its all-time leading scorer.

## Professional career

On March 13, 2015, Ruach broke the NBL Canada single-game record for most points, recording 48 in a postseason meeting with the Windsor Express.

## Personal life

His family was originally from South Sudan.
# Congenital hepatic fibrosis

Congenital hepatic fibrosis is an inherited fibrocystic liver disease associated with proliferation of interlobular bile ducts within the portal areas and fibrosis that do not alter hepatic lobular architecture. The fibrosis would affect resistance in portal veins leading to portal hypertension.

## Cause

The condition is usually congenital, but sporadic cases have also been reported. It may be associated with other congenital defects, commonly with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, the most severe form of PKD. Some suggest that these two conditions are one disorder with different presentation.

## Mechanism

Embryogenically, congenital hepatic fibrosis is due to malformation of the duct plate, a round structure appearing in the eighth week of gestation that is formed by primitive hepatocytes, which differentiate into cholangiocytes. Congenital hepatic fibrosis usually presents in adolescent or young adulthood, but onset of signs and symptoms can range from early childhood through mid-life. Clinical features may vary but commonly include cholangitis, hepatomegaly and signs of portal hypertension.

## Diagnosis

Liver biopsy is diagnostic. In biopsy there is diffuse periportal and perilobular fibrosis in broad bands, containing distorted duct like structure or microcyst formation.

## Management

Management includes control of esophageal bleeding/varices and treatment of associated renal disease if present.
# John William Bell

John William Bell (March 18, 1838 – July 5, 1901) was a farmer and Ontario political figure. He representing Addington in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1882 to 1891 and from 1896 to 1901.
He was born in Camden Township in Upper Canada in 1838. He obtained a teaching certificate and taught for a number of years and then began farming. He continued to teach religious school and hold a weekly Bible class for the local Methodist church. Bell served as reeve in the township and, in 1879, served as warden for Lennox and Addington counties. In 1889, he supported a motion by William Edward O'Brien which opposed the Jesuits' Estates Act. This legislation was opposed by the Orange Order, of which Bell was a member, because the pope would be involved in resolving the disposition of these properties in Quebec. Bell also opposed legislation restoring school rights for Roman Catholics in Manitoba. In 1900, Bell was elected president of the World Council in New York City for the Orange Order.
He died on his farm in Camden Township in 1901 while still in office as an MP.

## Electoral record

vte1887 Canadian federal election: Addington :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | John William Bell | 1,927 | 56.0 |
| | Liberal | Henry T. Shibley | 1,537 | 44.0 |
vte1891 Canadian federal election: Addington :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | George Walker Wesley Dawson | 2,307 | 51.0 |
| | Conservative | John William Bell | 2,246 | 49.0 |
vte1896 Canadian federal election: Addington :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | John W. Bell | 2,587 | 51.0 |
| | Liberal | Geo. W. W. Dawson | 2,500 | 49.0 |
vte1900 Canadian federal election: Addington :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | John W. Bell | 2,442 | 56.0 |
| | Liberal | Wm. A. Martin | 1,913 | 44.0 |
# Qodratabad

Qodratabad or Qadratabad (Persian: قدرت اباد), also rendered as Qudratabad, may refer to:
* Qodratabad, Fahraj, Kerman Province
* Qodratabad, Narmashir, Kerman Province
* Qodratabad, Rafsanjan, Kerman Province
* Qodratabad, Azadegan, Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province
* Qodratabad, Rigan, Kerman Province
* Qodratabad, Khuzestan
* Qodratabad, Semnan
* Qodratabad, Nehbandan, South Khorasan Province
# Appeal-Democrat

The Appeal-Democrat is a broadsheet newspaper published five days a week in Marysville, California, United States and covering Yuba and Sutter counties. The paper also is sold in Colusa County to the west and Butte County to the north.

## History

The Appeal-Democrat formed from the 1926 merger of two earlier newspapers, the Marysville Appeal (founded in 1860) and the Marysville Evening Democrat (founded in 1884).
R.C. Hoiles, who built the Freedom Communications newspaper chain around the Santa Ana paper that became the Orange County Register, bought the Appeal-Democrat in 1946 and placed his son-in-law Robert C. Hardie in charge as its publisher. Hardie directed the paper for the next 55 years, as circulation rose from about 7,500 to more than 20,000. Even as residents and businesses gradually shifted west from Marysville to nearby Yuba City, Hardie kept the Appeal-Democrat in its longtime home, twice acquiring new headquarters there (in 1950 and 1986).
In 2013, Freedom sold the Appeal-Democrat to Vista California, a subsidiary of Horizon Publications. At that time, it had a daily circulation of approximately 16,300. In 2020, the paper reduced publication to five days a week; circulation fell to 4,500 during the 2020s. As of 2024 the Appeal-Democrat has four reporters; Robert Summa became the editor in 2021 and resigned in 2024. Stefan Sabich has been the publisher since 2023.

## Subsidiaries

The Appeal-Democrat also publishes the Colusa County Sun-Herald, the Corning Observer, and the Glenn County Transcript.
# Chunnyundongando

Chunnyundongando (Korean: 천년동안도; lit. Island of a thousand years) is a jazz club in Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It was founded in 1996 by Lim Won-bin (임원빈), originally in the Daehangno area. It then moved to Ikseon-dong, then to Nakwon-dong in 2017. The club reportedly holds concerts every day, 365 days a year.
Early in the restaurant's history, it was forced to close, due to a law that restricted more than two people performing in a restaurant. Lim filed a lawsuit that eventually ruled in his favor; the law was deemed unconstitutional and was overturned. The business moved from Daehangno because of the area's high rent.
# TTR

TTR may refer to:

## Games

* Ticket to Ride (board game), a 2004 rail-themed Eurogame
** Ticket to Ride (video game), its 2008 digital adaptation
* Toontown Rewritten, a fan-made revival of the online role-playing game Toontown Online

## Linguistics

* Type-token ratio, a lexical density formula
* Translation Terminology Writing (Traduction, terminologie, rédaction), a French-language journal

## Transportation

* Talleyrand Terminal Railroad, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
* Tai Tong Road stop, an MTR light-rail stop in Hong Kong
* Pongtiku Airport, Rantetayo, Sulawesi, Indonesia (by IATA code)
* Toronto Terminals Railway, Canadian operator of the Union Station Rail Corridor

## Other uses

* Tonopah Test Range, a military installation in Nevada, United States
* Transthyretin, a plasma protein
* Trans-Tasman Resources, an Australian-owned mining company operating in New Zealand
* Relative track and record, an access method in a direct-access storage device
# Gülşah Akkaya

Gülşah Akkaya (born October 6, 1977) is a former Turkish professional woman basketball player in forward position. The 1.81 m (5' 11½") tall national player was a top scorer.
Akkaya started playing basketball at the age of 13. She debuted in Deniz Nakliyat and then transferred to Fenerbahçe İstanbul where she played in 1995–96 season. In 1997, she moved to the US and played in the American NCAA with the Lynn University team in two seasons until 1999. She still ranks 4th with an average of 23.8 points in the all-time list of single season points per season for her time being at Boca Raton, Florida.
After Akkaya returned home and was with Fenerbahçe İstanbul in the season 1999–00, she transferred to the Greek club Panserraikos in Thessaloniki for 2002–03 season and became top scorer with 204 points. In 2003, Akkaya played in YES Ramat HaSharon club in Ramat HaSharon, Israel. She helped her team win the championship by scoring a basket at the latest second. Returned to Turkey in 2003, Akkaya played for Erdemirspor in Zonguldak.
Akkaya participated at the 2005 Mediterranean Games in Almería, Spain with the Turkish national team, which won a gold medal.
She was top scorer in Turkish Women's Basketball League with her average of 22.0 points in 25 games in the 2004–05 season.
She also played for Beşiktaş for the 2005–06 season. That year she played in the league finals with Beşiktaş. For 2006–2007 season she returned to Mersin B.B. sports club and played with an average of 17.0 points per game and help Mersin to play in playoffs. She also played for Galatasaray in the 2007–08 season.
She was member of Spanish club El Cadi La Seu D'Urgell sports club for the 2008–09 season. She played for Samsun B.K. between 2009 and 2011.
Akkaya played in the national team that won the silber medal at the EuroBasket Women 2011 championship held in Poland.
During the 2011–12 season, Gülşah played for TED Ankara Kolejliler. By the start of the season 2012–13, she was transferred to Canik, after playing half of the season with Canik, Gülşah returned to Beşiktaş in January 2013, and played with 12,4 points and 4,3 rebounds for the rest of the season.

## Honors
### Individual

* Turkish Women's Basketball League 2004-05 Top Scorer

### National team

* 2005 Mediterranean Games
* EuroBasket Women 2011