OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Khalifa Mohammad Asadullah

Khalifa Mohammad Asadullah (6 August 1890 – 23 November 1949) was a pioneer of the library movement in the Indian subcontinent before 1947. He was also the first prominent librarian to opt for Pakistan at the time of independence in 1947.

## Early life

He was born on 6 August 1890 in Lahore, British India (now Pakistan) to Maulvi Mohammd Ziaullah and Alam Jan of Simla. He received his basic education in Lahore and graduated from Forman Christian College, Lahore in 1913.

## Marriage and family

In 1908, he married Hameeda Begum in Lahore and fathered 14 children. His sons included Khalifa Mohd Iftikharullah TQA, Khalifa Mohd Naseemullah, Khalifa Mohd Hameedullah, Khalifa Mohd Ihsanullah, Khalifa Mohd Zafarullah (Commander Pak Navy), Khalifa Mohd Aminullah. His sons-in-law included AVM Saeedullah Khan and Pakistani diplomat, Enver Murad; his daughters-in-law included Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah and his great granddaughters include the Pakistani novelist, Uzma Aslam Khan.

## Training

He studied under the American librarian Asa Don Dickinson in 1915 at the University of the Punjab.

## Career

In 1916, he became the first qualified librarian of the Government College in Lahore. He then became the librarian of MAO College (now Aligarh Muslim University) in 1919. In 1921, he joined the Imperial Secretariat Library in New Delhi and Simla, a post he held for 8 years.
In 1930, he was appointed the librarian of the Imperial Library (now National Library of India) in Calcutta, a post which he held for about 17 years from 1930 – 1947. While there, he started the library training programme.

## Pakistan

In 1947, after the independence of Pakistan, he was made officer on special duty in the Ministry of Education.

## Indian Library Association

In 1933, he was one of the founding members of Indian Library Association and was its first secretary from 1933 to 1947. He had served as the librarian and a director from 1930 – 1947 of the Imperial Library of India in British India.

## Honours

He was honoured with the title of Khan Bahadur in 1935.

## Death

He died on 23 November 1949 due to a stroke at Lahore, Pakistan. He was buried in his family section of the Ferozpur Road graveyard, Lahore.
# Dunglass Collegiate Church

Dunglass Collegiate Church is situated in south-east East Lothian just off the old A1 highway, one mile north of Cockburnspath in Berwickshire, Scotland, UK. It is designated as a scheduled monument.

## History

The date of building the Chapel, dedicated to St. Mary of Dunglass, is unclear but when Sir Alexander Home of that Ilk was granted a charter, in 1421, to the lands of Dunglass the chapel was in existence, adjacent to Dunglass Castle, now demolished. In 1423, Sir Alexander Home of Dunglass employed priests (a college) to pray for the family's souls and the chapel was raised to collegiate status. This was confirmed by King James II of Scots in 1450 and confirmed by Pope Nicholas V. The college was composed of a provost, three chaplains and four boy choristers. In November 1500 George Home of Ayton endowed a chaplain to sing at the altar of "Our Lady of Pity" in the church. Originally, the church consisted of a nave and a choir and the Home or Hume burial vault. In the 16th century transepts were added and a new tower.
In 1544 the church and castle were attacked by the Earl of Hertford's army during the wars of the Rough Wooing but the locals managed to repel the insurgents. In 1560, the church closed at the onset of the Scottish Reformation. An Act of the Scottish Parliament in 1563 abolished mass forever and the church's days as a Roman Catholic Chapel were over. In the early days of the church, a hospital, to offer solace and aid to the sick, was built nearby and dedicated to St. Mary and John the Baptist. The building is built of ashlar sandstone and roofed by stone slabs though the tower in now unroofed.

## Later years

After the Reformation the church continued to be used as a parish church until the 18th century before it was sold to a farmer. The widow of Alexander Home, 1st Earl of Home (d. 1619), the Countess of Home discussed erecting a marble tomb for her husband with the London sculptor Nicholas Stone, but nothing was done. She died in London and her body was shipped to Dunglass for burial in 1644. The holy building was desecrated when the farmer bulldozed the east window to make way for his vehicles and the church including the burial aisle was used as a barn. In 1807 some dignity was restored when Sir John Hall bought Dunglass; the family later used the south transept as a burial aisle. In 1919 the estate was purchased by the Usher family.

## The present day

Dunglass Church is now in the care of Historic Environment Scotland and is situated in an idyllic situation surrounded by well manicured lawns and thick woodland. An interesting sundial stands on a mound adjacent to the ancient edifice. Dunglass Collegiate Church is one of the top attractions in East Lothian.
# Northern Glass Cone, Alloa Glass Works

The Northern Glass Cone is a 19th-century glass cone formerly used in the glass manufacturing process at Alloa Glass Works in the burgh of Alloa, the administrative centre of the central Scottish council area of Clackmannanshire. The brick-built cone is the only such structure to survive in Scotland, and is one of four in the United Kingdom: the other three are at Lemington on Tyneside, Catcliffe in South Yorkshire and Wordsley in the West Midlands. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

## History

Alloa Glass Works was established in 1750 by Lady Frances Erskine. Workers were trained by craftsmen from Bohemia (in the present-day Czech Republic), who also oversaw the construction of the first glass cone on the site. This structure was 90 feet (27 m) tall.
By 1825, the Edinburgh Glasgow and Alloa Glass Company owned the site; they built another three cones, of which the Northern cone, 79 feet (24 m) high, was one. (Its immediate neighbour was correspondingly known as the Southern cone.) The base was octagonal, rather than circular, and had arched entrances. The main body of the cone was of brick laid in English Bond formation. The original cone and one other were demolished before the 1960s, but the Southern cone survived until 1968. At the same time, the Northern cone regained its original appearance when some later additions were removed.

## Purpose

Although glassmaking is an ancient process, it was carried out on a small scale until the development of industrialised methods in Europe allowed it to be mass-produced. The fusion of silica and sodium oxide in a furnace was usually achieved by the burning of wood; but coal was often used instead in Britain, which prompted the development of the glass cone. Glass cones consisted of a large central furnace, a flue to carry waste gas to the top of the structure and away, smaller furnaces around the walls to ensure the finished products stayed warm, and a circular platform on which workers stood while making their glassware. Although invented earlier, they became commonplace in the early 19th century; but further innovations in the glassmaking industry made the float glass production method more efficient and allowed manufacture to be based in fewer but larger works. Most cones were knocked down after they fell out of use, and by the mid-1970s only four survived: the Alloa cone (the only example in Scotland), Catcliffe Glass Cone in South Yorkshire, Lemington Glass Cone in Tyne and Wear, and Red House Cone in Wordsley, West Midlands.

## Historic status

On 10 November 1975, the structure was given the status of a scheduled ancient monument in accordance with the Ancient Monuments Acts of 1913 and 1931. It is one of 17 scheduled ancient monuments in Clackmannanshire.
# Drumcoltran Tower

Drumcoltran Tower is a late-16th-century tower house situated in the historical county of Kirkcudbrightshire near Kirkgunzeon, Dumfries and Galloway.
Like other towers in the area, Drumcoltran was built by a branch of the Maxwell family around 1570 but passed with the estate to the Irvings in 1668. The Maxwells however constructed the existing farm steading and made alterations to the interior of the tower in the 18th century.
It was designated a scheduled ancient monument in 1928.
# Yellow-breasted apalis

The yellow-breasted apalis (Apalis flavida) is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae.

## Taxonomy

The brown-tailed apalis (A. flavocincta) was formerly considered conspecific, but was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021.

## Range

It is widespread across Sub-Saharan Africa.

## Habitat

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, dry savanna, and moist savanna.
# Mohamed Kamara

Mohamed Kamara may refer to:
* Mohamed Lamin Kamara (born 1943), Sierra Leonean politician
* Mohamed Kamara (footballer, born 1981), Sierra Leonean football midfielder who played in Russia
* Medo Kamara (Mohamed Kamara, born 1987), Sierra Leonean football midfielder
* Mohamed Kamara (weightlifter) (born 1987), Sierra Leonean weightlifter
* Mohamed Kamara (footballer, born 1999), Sierra Leonean football goalkeeper
* Mohamed Kamara (American football) (born 1999), American gridiron football player
# Babamunida debrae

Babamunida debrae is a species of squat lobster in the family Munididae. It was discovered on the west coast of Hawaii, usually sheltering in holes of lava rocks.
# Babamunida javieri

Babamunida javieri is a species of squat lobster in the family Munididae. It is found off of New Caledonia, the Chesterfield Islands, and the Matthew and Hunter Islands, at depths between about 280 and 440 metres (920 and 1,440 ft).
# Franck Fisseux

Franck Fisseux (born 19 February 1985) is an athlete from Avignon, France. He competes in archery.
Fisseux competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in men's individual archery. He was defeated in the first round of elimination, placing 38th overall. Fisseux was also a member of the 10th-place French men's archery team at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Hasdrubal the Boetharch

Hasdrubal the Boetharch (Punic: 𐤏𐤆𐤓‬𐤁‬𐤏𐤋‬, ʿAzrubaʿal) was a Carthaginian general during the Third Punic War. Little is known about him. "Boetharch" was a Carthaginian office, the exact function of which is unclear. It may derive from the Ancient Greek term "βοηθός (boēthós)" or "auxiliary," suggesting a leadership role among Carthage's mercenary armies. It is not to be confused with the Greek title boeotarch—a leader of the Boeotian Confederacy.

## Life

The Second Punic War ended in 201 BC, and the peace settlement did not allow Carthage to wage any war without Rome's permission. Masinissa of Numidia, an ally of Rome, took advantage of this to raid and seize Carthaginian territory. In 149 BC, Carthage sent an army under Hasdrubal against Masinissa, in breach of the treaty. The campaign ended at the Battle of Oroscopa, where Carthage was defeated and Hasdrubal surrendered its army.
Hasdrubal survived to lead the Carthaginian forces at the Siege of Carthage in 146 BC. Their defeat by Scipio Aemilianus, proconsul of the Roman Republic, brought the war to a close. Hasdrubal's military skill was not to be doubted, as his army had been well trained and equipped. His work at defending Carthage cost the Romans a difficult campaign to suppress the defenders. His tactical skills, however, were dwarfed by those of Masinissa and Scipio.
According to Polybius, after Hasdrubal surrendered to Scipio, his wife cursed her husband, cut the throats of their two sons, threw them into a burning temple, and charged in herself. Hasdrubal was taken to Rome and displayed during Scipio's triumph, but later allowed to live in peace in Italy.
This may be the same general Hasdrubal who was defeated near the town of Tunes (now Tunis) by the Numidian king, Masinissa, just after war was declared (149 BC).
# Mars After Midnight

Mars After Midnight is a 2024 management video game developed and published by Lucas Pope. The player controls an alien running late-night community support groups on off-colony Mars. The game launched in March 2024 as a Playdate exclusive.

## Gameplay

Each day the player needs to pick what kind of support group they will run the following night, such as Cyclops Anger Management. Then, they are given a choice of different locations on colony to put up flyers. Finally, they choose a snack that will appeal to the people in the group. After sleeping, the player works as a doorman, opening the peephole to check if the alien at the door was invited. They can discern this based on audio cues and visual signs that serve as clues. The player can buy new recipes for food from a traveling salesman occasionally during sessions. A tool named the Blab-o-Dex is later given to the player to help them understand Martian speech.

## Development

Developer Lucas Pope desired to develop a game for the Playdate upon its announcement in 2019. Pope announced Mars After Midnight in 2021, describing the game at the time as, "Papers Please, -lite, with no border checkpoint, no desk, no paperwork, on Mars." He wrote that the Playdate's small screen size inspired the mechanic of looking through a peephole. For the Martians, he created various facial elements and randomly combined them in order to create each one.

## Reception

Edge liked Mars After Midnight, summarizing: "Proof that you can build a credible, engaging, enveloping setting within the boundaries of a tiny black- and-white display and just 55Mb of storage space. As harmonious a marriage of hardware and software as you'll find in a crossplatform age, what could have been a disposable side project instead cements Pope’s status as one of videogames' smartest designers". GamesRadar+ enjoyed Mars After Midnight, calling attention to the presentation, "It's also a visual delight too, with creative alien designs and inventive silliness throughout, combined with a chip tune soundtrack that's going to earworm itself into your consciousness". Digital Trends wrote that the game justified the console to them, saying, "I don't know what the future of the Playdate will be, but I think it will thrive in the little box Panic created for itself if Mars After Midnight is any indication". While liking the simulation elements, Siliconera felt that the sessions could get repetitive during long play sessions: "The nature of this means that Mars After Midnight can feel a bit tedious".
# Carl Fredrik Hochschild

Baron Carl Fredrik Lotharius Hochschild (13 September 1831 – 12 December 1898) was a Swedish diplomat. He was the son of Carl Hochschild.
# Legislative district of Maguindanao del Sur

The lone Legislative District of Maguindanao del Sur is the representation of the province of Maguindanao del Sur in the Philippine House of Representatives. Maguindanao del Sur was part of the representation of Maguindanao prior to its division in 2022. It will be granted its representation in the 19th Congress.

## History

Before gaining separate representation, areas now under the jurisdiction of Maguindanao del Sur were represented under the Department of Mindanao and Sulu (1917–1935), Cotabato (1935–1972), and Maguindanao (1984–2007, 2010–2022).
The enactment of Presidential Decree No. 341 on November 22, 1973, created the province of Maguindanao out of Cotabato's Maguindanao-majority municipalities. The new province was represented in the Interim Batasang Pambansa as part of Region XII from 1978 to 1984.
Maguindanao del Sur first gained separate representation in 1984, when it returned two representatives, elected at large, to the Regular Batasang Pambansa.
Under the new Constitution which was proclaimed on February 11, 1987, Maguindanao del Sur, was retained into one congressional district; each elected its member to the restored House of Representatives starting that same year.
The enactment of Republic Act No. 11550 on May 28, 2021, separated the former province of Maguindanao into the provinces of Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur and its subsequent ratification by plebiscite on September 17, 2022, separated from Maguindanao's second district 25 municipalities to create the province of Maguindanao del Sur. Per Section 9 of R.A. 11550, these new provinces were to comprise a single congressional district; voters began to elect the new province's separate representative beginning in 2025.

## Lone District

* Municipalities: Ampatuan, Buluan, Datu Paglas, Datu Piang, Pagalungan, Shariff Aguak, South Upi, Sultan sa Barongis, Talayan, General S. K. Pendatun (established 1991), Mamasapano (established 1998), Talitay (established 1999), Datu Montawal (established 2000), Paglat (established 2001), Guindulungan (established 2003), Datu Saudi-Ampatuan (established 2003), Datu Unsay (established 2003), Datu Abdullah Sangki (established 2004), Rajah Buayan (established 2004), Pandag (established 2006), Mangudadatu (established 2006), Datu Anggal Midtimbang (established 2006), Datu Hoffer Ampatuan (established 2009), Datu Salibo (established 2009), Shariff Saydona Mustapha (established 2009)
* Population (2020): 741,221
* Electorate (2022): 454,622
| Period | Representative |
| 19th Congress 2022–2025 | Mohamad P. Paglas |
# Joe Sib

Joe Sib, former frontman for the punk rock band Wax, as well as punk rock supergroup 22 Jacks, is the co-founder (along with Bill Armstrong) of SideOneDummy Records. Aside from working at the label, Sib is also active as a stand-up comic. He released his first comedy record, Joe Sib Nowhere Near the Top, in April 2017.
Joe Sib currently hosts The Basement on Dash Radio.
# David A. Katz

David Allan Katz (November 1, 1933 – July 26, 2016) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.

## Education and career

Born in Toledo, Ohio in 1933, Katz received a Bachelor of Science degree from Ohio State University in 1955, and a Juris Doctor from Ohio State University College of Law in 1957. He was in private practice in Toledo from 1957 to 1994, focusing on corporate law.

## Federal judicial service

On August 12, 1994, Katz was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio vacated by Alvin Krenzler. Katz was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 7, 1994, and received his commission on October 11, 1994. He assumed senior status on January 1, 2005. Katz died on July 26, 2016.
# Ethan Cormont

Ethan Cormont (born 29 September 2000 in Créteil) is a French Olympic athlete who competes in the pole vault.

## Early life

From Maisons-Alfort and coached by Alain Kouznetzoff, in February 2019, he broke the French junior pole vault record, until then held by Jean Galfione, by crossing 5.62m. In the process he won the national junior title.

## Career

He won the bronze medal in the pole vault competition of the 2020 French championships, crossing 5.58m to finish behind brothers Renaud Lavillenie (gold) and Valentin Lavillenie (silver).
On January 31, 2021, he broke his personal best by passing 5.72m. On this occasion he achieved the minimum for the European indoor championships. A week later, he broke his record again by crossing 5.73 m in Rouen. At the French indoor championships in Miramas on February 21, 2021, he won the silver medal with a jump to 5.72m, behind Valentin Lavillenie but in front of Renaud Lavillenie. Later that month he cleared 5.80m for a new personal best. In July 2021, he equalled this high to win the 2021 European Athletics U23 Championships in Tallinn. At the Tokyo Olympics Corment cleared 5.50m and finished twelfth in his qualifying group.
At the 2023 European Athletics Indoor Championships Cormont cleared 5.75m to make the final.
# François Calmels

François Calmels (born 11 December 1981) is a French professional golfer who currently plays on the European Tour.

## Career

Calmels was born in Paris. He was a distinguished amateur, winning the 2004 Coupe Mouchy (highest amateur competition in France), and the 2006 Portuguese Amateur Open Championship. He turned professional in 2006 and won twice during his first season on the Alps Tour, one of Europe's third tier developmental professional golf tours. He won for the first time on the second-tier European Challenge Tour in May 2009, when he claimed the Telenet Trophy by one stroke over Spaniard Carlos Rodiles - one week after watching his girlfriend, Jade Schaeffer make her Ladies European Tour breakthrough at the Hypo Vereinsbank Ladies German Open, he followed her into the winner's enclosure by birdieing the last two holes at Royal Waterloo Golf Club to win by one stroke.
In 2007 and 2010, Calmels played on both the European Tour and the Challenge Tour. His best finish on the European Tour was a tie for second at the 2007 Open de Saint-Omer, a tournament co-sanctioned by both tours. In November 2011 he was hurted in a lift accident and spent months recovering. He came back on Challenge Tour after Q school. In 2013 he was on Challenge Tour and finished the season 11th in ranking. He is back on European Tour for the 2014 season

## Personal life

Calmels has long been a friend of European Tour champion golfer and fellow Frenchman Grégory Havret.
Calmels turned seriously to golf at the age of eleven, he underwent several operations on his mouth after birth double cleft and was advised by doctors to take up a non-contact sport after being struck in the face playing handball – the game his father played in the French First Division – so he decided to concentrate on golf.

## Amateur wins

* 2004 Coupe Murat (French Open Amateur Stroke Play Championship), Coupe Mouchy
* 2005 Portuguese International Amateur Open Championship

## Professional wins (7)
### Challenge Tour wins (3)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | 31 May 2009 | Telenet Trophy | −12 (67-69-70-70=276) | 2 strokes | Carlos Rodiles, Sam Walker |
| 2 | 27 Apr 2013 | Challenge de Madrid | −17 (63-69-72-67=271) | 7 strokes | Tapio Pulkkanen |
| 3 | 9 Jun 2013 | D+D Real Czech Challenge Open | −22 (67-69-65-65=266) | 3 strokes | Robert Dinwiddie, Adam Gee, Sam Walker |

### Alps Tour wins (2)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | 24 Mar 2006 | Open de Mohammedia | −14 (67-69-66=202) | 2 strokes | Jacques Thalamy |
| 2 | 1 Apr 2006 | Trophée Maroc Telecom | −10 (69-67-73=209) | 2 strokes | Alessio Bruschi, Laurent Richard |

### French Tour wins (2)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | 7 Dec 2013 | AfrAsia Golf Masters | −15 (67-69-65=201) | 1 stroke | Hennie Otto |
| 2 | 12 Apr 2014 | Grand Prix Schweppes | −17 (68-67-66-66=267) | 1 stroke | Gary Stal |

## Team appearances

Amateur
* European Amateur Team Championship (representing France): 2005
# Frédéric François (alpine skier)

Frédéric François (born 25 January 1977) is an alpine skier who won a silver and bronze medal for France at the 2018 Winter Paralympics.
# Gaël Lévecque

Gaël Lévecque (born 23 November 1994) is a French male high jumper, who won an individual gold medal at the Youth World Championships.
# Gilles de la Bourdonnaye

Gilles de la Bourdonnaye (born 27 January 1973) is a French para table tennis player who competes in international level events. He is a triple Paralympic champion, triple World champion and thirteen time European champion. His right arm was amputated when he was three years old after an elevator accident.

## Sporting career

He started competing internationally at the 1990 World Para Table Tennis Championships and retired in the 2008 Summer Paralympics. de la Bourdonnaye came out of retirement eleven years later, aged 46, when he participated at the 2019 European Championships in Helsingborg where he won his first medal since 2008 when he won a silver medal in the teams events.
He has won team event titles with numerous other competitors including Philippe Roine, Jeremy Rousseau and Matéo Bohéas.

### Return to sport

de la Bourdonnaye made his decision to come out of retirement and make a bid to compete in his sixth Paralympic Games by hoping to qualify for the 2020 Summer Paralympics.