OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Barrie Wiggham

Edward Barrie Wiggham, CBE JP (born 1937) is a former British senior civil servant in the Hong Kong government. He was the Secretary for the Civil Service from 1990 to 1993.

## Biography

Wiggham was born in 1937 and was graduated from the Oxford University in Modern Languages in 1961. From 1956 to 1958, he served in the military in Cyprus. He moved to Hong Kong in 1961 to learn Chinese. Besides that he spoke also French and German. He joined the Hong Kong government and worked in the Urban Services Department and New Territories Administration before he was Deputy Director of Commerce in 1970. He subsequently served as Principal Assistant Financial Secretary, Deputy Secretary for the New Territories.
In the late 1970s, Wiggham was the head of the Home Affairs Information Branch in charge of overt propaganda for the colony. He was also the first chairman of the secret body called the Standing Committee On Pressure Groups (SCOPG) set up in 1978 which was responsible for coordinating government surveillance of any protest or campaigning group and of mounting counter-attacks.
He was member of the Sino-British Joint Liaison Group dealing with the implementation of the Sino-British Joint Declaration over Hong Kong's sovereignty after 1997. He was appointed Secretary for General Duties in 1986. After the Tiananmen massacre in 1989, Wiggham publicly asked for major changes to draft Basic Law of Hong Kong. He requested the Chinese authorities to delay the promulgation of the Basic Law scheduled in 1990 and not to station the People's Liberation Army in future Hong Kong in August. However his suggestions were not adopted.
In 1990, he was appointed Secretary for the Civil Service and official member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong. As Hong Kong's pro-democracy leader Martin Lee called out the British for the betrayal as it handed Hong Kong over to China and refused to introduce a democratic system in Hong Kong, Wiggham defended London by saying that it would be counterproductive to develop democratic institutions that China might dismantle. He was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1991.
In 1993, Wiggham was appointed to the new position of the Hong Kong Commissioner for Economic and Trade Affairs, USA. His $12 million mansion in Washington however caused controversy in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. His position of Secretary for the Civil Service was replaced by Anson Chan, who became the first Chinese and first woman to take such position.
# Camillo Isnardi

Camillo Isnardi (17 September 1874 – 17 January 1949) was an Italian sports shooter. He competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Dance Moms season 8

The eighth season of Dance Moms is an American dance reality television series created by Collins Avenue and stars Abby Lee Miller after she completed her prison sentence and was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 2018. Miller rebuilds her dance company while battling after-effects of the cancer that has left her using a wheelchair.

## Cast

This season was based at the Abby Lee Dance Company (ALDC) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and introduces a new cast of dancers and their moms, who appear throughout the season. Lilliana Ketchman, Elliana Walmsley, and their respective mothers (seasons 6 and 7) return this season. JoJo and Jessalynn Siwa (seasons 5 and 6) also return as guest stars.

### Choreographers

* Abby Lee Miller
* Gianna Martello
* Laura Jarczewski

### Dancers

* Elliana Walmsley (episodes 7-11)
* GiaNina Paolantonio
* Hannah Colin
* Lilliana Ketchman
* Sarah Georgiana
* Paris Moore (episodes 13-18)
* Pressley Hosbach
* Brady Farrar (episodes 1-5 and 9-18)
* Savannah Kristich (episodes 1-6)

### Moms

* Yolanda Walmsley (episodes 7-11)
* Joanne Paolantonio
* Ann Collin
* Stacey Ketchman
* Michelle Georgiana
* Lakisha Samuels (episodes 13-17)
* Ashley Hosbach
* Tricia Farrar
* Erin Kristich (episodes 1-6)
* Bridget Creighton (episodes 1-3

### Guests

* Maesi Caes – former elite ALDC dancer; episode special "The New Team"
* Jaime Caes – former ALDC mom; episode special "The New Team"
* Kamryn Smith – guest ALDC dancer; episode 8
* Adriana Smith – guest ALDC mom; episode 8
* JoJo Siwa – former elite ALDC dancer; episode 9
* Jessalynn Siwa – former ALDC mom; episode 9
* Berkleigh Hernandez – guest ALDC dancer; episode 13
* Amanda Hernandez – guest ALDC mom; episode 13

## Cast duration

| Dancer/Dance Mom | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes |
| Dancer/Dance Mom | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| Brady | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Elliana | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| GiaNina | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Hannah | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Lilliana | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Paris | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pressley | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Sarah | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Savannah | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ann | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ashley | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Erin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Joanne | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Lakisha | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Michelle | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stacey | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tricia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Yolanda | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Juan Manuel Parás González

Juan Manuel Parás González (born 11 April 1956) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Nuevo León.
# Phil Brown (skier)

Philip Brown (born September 11, 1991) is a Canadian World Cup alpine ski racer specializing in slalom. Born and raised in Toronto, Ontario, he represented Canada at two Winter Olympics and three World Championships. Phil joined the dual format World Pro Ski Tour in 2018, winning the tour overall title in 2019. For the 2019/20 season Phil is currently racing full time on the World Pro Ski Tour sponsored by Surefoot.

## World Cup results

* Brown's best World Cup result is 21st in giant slalom at Sölden in October 2014; his best slalom result is 22nd at Wengen in January 2018.

### Season standings

| Season | Age | Overall | Slalom | Giant slalom | Super-G | Downhill | Combined |
| 2014 | 22 | 137 | — | 48 | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 23 | 124 | — | 38 | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 24 | 149 | — | 53 | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 25 | 141 | 52 | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 26 | 145 | 51 | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 27 | no World Cup points | no World Cup points | no World Cup points | no World Cup points | no World Cup points | no World Cup points |
    Standings through 20 January 2019

## World Championship results

| Year | Age | Slalom | Giant  slalom | Super-G | Downhill | Combined | Team event |
| 2013 | 21 | BDNF1 | 35 | — | — | — | 4 |
| 2015 | 23 | DNF1 | 22 | — | — | — | 2 |
| 2017 | 25 | DNF1 | DNF2 | — | — | — | 5 |

## Olympic results

| Year | Age | Slalom | Giant  slalom | Super-G | Downhill | Combined | Team event |
| 2014 | 22 | 20 | 29 | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 26 | 22 | 27 | — | — | — | 9 |
# Justo Herrera

Justo José Herrera (born 1789 in Tegucigalpa, death date unknown) was a Honduran politician who served as president from May 28, 1837, to September 3, 1838. He played a part in separating Honduras from the Federal Republic of Central America by approving a Declaration of independence passed by the Assembly of Honduras.
# William R. Hiatt

William R. Hiatt (1 June 1950 – 8 December 2020) was an American cardiologist.
William H. Hiatt was born in Albion, Indiana, on 19 December 1919, educated at Manchester College and the Loyola University School of Dentistry, and moved to Colorado to pursue a career in endodontics and periodontics. He died of cancer on 31 May 1993. Hiatt married Luana Read, with whom he had three children, including William R. Hiatt, who was born on 1 June 1950. William R. Hiatt graduated from Denver Country Day School in 1968, and studied English at Knox College, where he first met his wife Susan Wessels Hiatt. After completing his undergraduate degree in 1972, Hiatt enrolled at the University of Colorado School of Medicine until 1976. He successively held a residency at Boston University Hospital in internal medicine, followed by a fellowship in vascular medicine at the University of Colorado. Hiatt began teaching at the University of Colorado in 1981, and was later named Novartis Foundation Endowed Chair in Cardiovascular Research. Hiatt was associated with the EUCLID and VOYAGER clinical trials up to his death on 8 December 2020.
Hiatt's hobbies included mountain climbing, and he had climbed all 54 Colorado summits above 14,000 feet in elevation, as well as Mount Fuji, Mount Kilimanjaro, and Aconcagua.
# Diego Zílio

Diego Boscaini Zílio (born 23 July 1989) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder. He also holds Italian citizenship.

## Club career

Zílio made his professional debut in the Segunda Liga for Santa Clara on 9 August 2014 in a game against Oriental.
# Ronald Gora

Ronald Francis Gora (July 10, 1933 – March 11, 2014) was an American competition swimmer and Pan American Games champion. Gora was born in Chicago, Illinois and attended Lane Tech High School in Chicago. He remains tied with Tom Jager and Brian Alden for the second most individual high school state championships won by a male in Illinois.
Gora won a gold medal in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay event at the 1951 Pan American Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina, alongside Dick Cleveland, Burwell Jones and Bill Heusner. Individually, he also received a Pan American Games silver medal for his second-place finish in the 100-meter freestyle. Gora again represented the United States at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, where he finished eighth in the final of the men's 100-meter freestyle with a time of 58.8 seconds. He attended the University of Michigan, and swam for the Michigan Wolverines swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition from 1952 to 1954. He was a member of Michigan's NCAA national championship teams in the 400-yard freestyle relay in 1953 and 1954.
Gora had four sisters. On November 16, 1963, he married Maria Käppeler, they had one daughter and two sons. Gora had 2 daughters and 2 son's from a previous marriage.
# Cesare Bonetti

Cesare Bonetti (10 March 1888 – 14 May 1956) was an Italian weightlifter. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Federico Spoliansky

Federico Spoliansky is an Argentine poet and licensed psychologist (University of Buenos Aires) born to a British mother and Dr. Ruben Spoliansky, a recognized psychiatrist who began his career as a surgeon. Federico holds a MA degree in Filmmaking (London Film School). He has published several books: El Agujero (1995), Duda Patrón (2010) and Atlántov (2016).
In 2017, he won a scholarship from the National Arts Fund and went as Visiting Scholar to Brown University.
# Brian Noble (bishop)

Brian Michael Noble (11 April 1936 – 21 October 2019) was an English prelate who served in the Roman Catholic Church as the Bishop of Shrewsbury from 1995 to 2010.

## Biography

Born in Lancaster, Lancashire, England, Brian Michael Noble studied for the priesthood at Ushaw College and was ordained to the priesthood on 11 May 1960.
He was first appointed assistant priest at St Ignatius’ Church in Preston between 1960 and 1968 after which he served at Our Lady and St Patrick's, Maryport, Cumbria, between 1968 and 1972. From 1972 to 1980 he served as chaplain at University of Lancaster and priest-in-charge of St Joseph's in Galgate.
In 1980 he took up an appointment on the staff of the Pontificio Collegio Beda Beda College in Rome, where he taught Pastoral Studies and Liturgy. On his return from Rome in 1987, he took up an appointment as Parish Priest at St Benedict's Parish in Whitehaven, Cumbria. and served as a priest in the Diocese of Lancaster.

## Episcopal ministry

On 23 June 1995, he was appointed Roman Catholic Bishop of Shrewsbury and ordained bishop on 30 August 1995, Maurice Couve de Murville, Archbishop of Birmingham serving as the Principal Consecrator, with Patrick Kelly, Bishop of Salford (later Archbishop of Liverpool) and John Brewer, Roman Catholic Bishop of Lancaster serving as the Principal Co-Consecrators.
Noble retired as Bishop of Shrewsbury on 1 October 2010 and was succeeded by Mark Davies. He served as an Episcopal Member of the Department for Christian Life and Worship within the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales.
Noble died on 21 October 2019, at the age of 83.
# Dieyson

Dieyson Anjos da Silva (born 30 June 1993), simply known as Dieyson, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Manaus as a left back.

## Club career

Born in Itacurubi, Rio Grande do Sul, Dieyson finished his formation with Vasco. After making his debut against Olaria on 3 March 2012, he was promoted to the main squad on the following day.
On 20 May 2012 Dieyson made his Série A debut, starting in a 2–1 home win against Grêmio. After being rarely used by the club, he was loaned to Caxias on 13 January 2014.
On 17 July 2014 Dieyson returned to Vasco, but was subsequently released. Ahead of the 2015 campaign he joined Icasa, and after being regularly used in the year's Campeonato Cearense, moved to Portuguesa.
# Jainimedu Jain temple

Jainimedu Jain temple is a 15th-century Jain temple located in city of Palakkad, Kerala.It is located at Jainimedu, one of the suburbs of the city . It is dedicated to Chandraprabha, a Tirthankar of the Jain faith.
The celebrated Malayalam poet Kumaranasan, wrote his monumental poem Veenapoovu (The fallen flower) at a Jain house near here. The place name 'Jainimedu' itself is related to this temple.

## History

The Jain temple was constructed in the 15th century by a family of diamond merchants from Karnataka. It was created by Inchana Satur. The temple was in a dilapidated condition for the past several years. At that time, there were around 400 Jain families in Jainimedu. The temple was renovated in 2013 and a Panch Kalyanak was performed. M. P. Veerendra Kumar, a prominent Keralite Jain, spoke at the event. The rituals were led by Bhuvanakeerthi Bhattakara Swamiji, the head of Kanakagiri Jain Mutt.
This is one of the few places in Kerala where the vestiges of Jainism have survived.

## Description

The temple is 32 feet long and 20 feet wide and displays the images of Jain Tirthankaras and Yakshinis.

## Photo gallery

* Idols at Jain temple in Jainimedu, Palakkad
# Elio Cotena

Elio Cotena (born 30 August 1945) is an Italian boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, he defeated Carl-Axel Palm of Sweden, before losing to Valery Plotnikov of the Soviet Union.
# Badih Chaaban

Badih Chabaan (c. 1960 - 4 September 2017) was a PR councilor in the Cape Town City Council (Subcouncil 17 (Athlone & District)). He was a member of the Africa Muslim Party (AMP) when he was named councilor in August 2006 but later crossed the floor to establish the National People's Party (NPP), which he led as president. In November 2015, he announced his intention to resign from politics and hand over NPP leadership to his daughter.
Chabaan was controversial for both his role in floor crossing politics within Cape Town politics and for the lease he held on trading in Greenmarket Square. For 15 years from 1992 to 2007, he held a lease on 83% of the square and owed the city R3.3 million. His lease was cancelled in 2007 amid accusations of mismanagement, racketeering and corruption.
Chabaan died on 4 September 2017.
# Ramiro Hernández García

Ramiro Hernández García (born 19 February 1954) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRI. He served as Senator of the LX and LXI Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Jalisco. He also served as federal deputy during the 1988–1991 period, as well as a local deputy in the LI, LV and LVII Legislature of the Congress of Jalisco.
# Reuel D'Souza

Reuel D'Souza (born March 10, 1999) is a male water polo player from Canada. He is a member of the Canada men's national water polo team.
# Josephine Pagay

Josephine Pagay (15 December 1849 – 11 November 1892) was an Austrian actress. She made her first appearance at the age of fourteen in the role of Cupido in Orpheus in der Unterwelt at the Quaitheater, Vienna. Her spirited delivery, humour, and histrionic talents made her a favorite with the public, and she scored triumphs in the operettas of Offenbach, Suppé, Millöcker, and Strauss, and in the farces of Kaiser, Bittner, Berla, Costa, and Langer. She was at the height of her career in the 1860s and 1870s, but in 1886 she left the stage and retired to Berlin.
# HMS Universal

HMS Universal (P57) was a Royal Navy U-class submarine built by Vickers-Armstrong at Newcastle upon Tyne. So far she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name Universal.

## Construction

Universal was laid down at Vickers Armstrong, Newcastle upon Tyne in September 1941, launched in November 1942 and commissioned in March 1943.

## Career

She spent most of the war in the Mediterranean, where she sank the Italian auxiliary patrol vessels V 130/Ugo and V 134/Tre Sorelle, the Italian merchant La Foce, the German auxiliary gunboat SG 15 (the former French Rageot de la Touche), the German merchants President Dal Piaz and Canosa (the former French Corsa), the German Guardboat FMa 06 (the former French Guarani) and the German auxiliary minesweeper Petrel. Universal also damaged the Spanish sailing vessel Sevellina and the Italian tanker (in German control) Cesteriano, which was later towed to Toulon. Universal also fired a torpedo against what is identified as an enemy auxiliary minesweeper. They claimed to have damaged the so far unidentified ship.

## Fate

Universal survived the war and was sold to be broken up for scrap in February 1946. On 3 February, on passage from Foyle, Northern Ireland, to Newport, Monmouthshire, under the command of Lieut-Commander W.F.N. Main R.N.R. her engines failed and the following morning she was taken in tow by the destroyer HMS Southdown. With the weather deteriorating the tow broke eight or nine times and was eventually abandoned. Lifeboats from Aberystwyth, New Quay and Fishguard attended over 24 hours, standing by in heavy seas until Universal's crew had to abandon ship.
She was scrapped at Milford Haven in June 1946.
# Gayathri Govindaraj

Gayathry Govindharaj (born 27 April 1991) is an Indian athlete who competes in the 100 metres hurdles and Triple jump events. She was supported by Olympic Gold Quest, a not-for-profit foundation that identifies and supports Indian athletes. She works with the Indian Income Tax department. She was roughed up DMK cadres and her vehicle was damaged when raiding the premises of alleged DMK partymen. She was later admitted in a hospital for wounds. She is famously called as "Indian Usain Bolt".

## Early life and education

Gayathry comes from a small village in Ariyalur district. She comes from a humble background and before she gained fame, her family found it difficult to make ends meet. Due to her economic background her parents could not afford to provide her a formal training hence was trained at St.Josephs's Sports Academy(Sponsored by St.Joseph's College of Engineering,Chennai) and she says in an interview with The Indian Express, "My parents recollect that I used to run around a lot during my childhood. In school, I used to participate in every athletic event in every tournament."
She completed her schooling from St.Ursula's A.I.Hr.Sec School, Church Park, Chennai in 2008. After securing 91 per cent in her twelfth standard , She went to pursue her Master's Degree in Business Administration from St.Joseph's College of engineering St Joseph's College of Engineering., where, she secured 33rd Rank in Anna University among 8599 qualified candidates. Her mothers dream of pursuing Ph.D Came true, when she was awarded a Ph.D (Business Administration - Commerce) by the University of Madras in 2022, for her Inter-disciplinary thesis on "Effectiveness of Training" .

## Career and achievements

After participating in various inter college sports events, she gained fame through the 18th Zone Junior inter-State athletic Championship (2006) in Raichur. She won gold in U-16 100M hurdles in this. She also broke Poonam Belliappa's 11-year-old record of 14.40 seconds in the under-18 category in the year 2016. This was followed by her another 14.04 seconds in 2008 and in Mysore she beat her own record by 0.02 seconds.
Her left knee was injured during the triple jump event of the Commonwealth Games 2010 that happened in New Delhi. After being operated on her left leg, she said in an interview with The Hindu that she has been practicing hard to be a part of sports once again.
# Selenium tetrachloride

Selenium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound composed with the formula SeCl$_4$. This compound exists as yellow to white volatile solid. It is one of two commonly available selenium chlorides, the other example being selenium monochloride, Se$_2$Cl$_2$. SeCl$_4$ is used in the synthesis of other selenium compounds.

## Synthesis and structure

The compound is prepared by treating selenium with chlorine. When the reacting selenium is heated, the product sublimes from the reaction flask. The volatility of selenium tetrachloride can be exploited to purification of selenium.
Solid SeCl$_4$ is actually a tetrameric cubane-type cluster, for which the Se atom of an SeCl$_6$ octahedron sits on four corners of the cube and the bridging Cl atoms sit on the other four corners. The bridging Se-Cl distances are longer than the terminal Se-Cl distances, but all Cl-Se-Cl angles are approximately 90°.
SeCl$_4$ has often been used as an example for teaching VSEPR rules of hypervalent molecules. As such, one would predict four bonds but five electron groups giving rise to a seesaw geometry. This clearly is not the case in the crystal structure. Others have suggested that the crystal structure can be represented as SeCl$_3$$^+$ and Cl$^−$. This formulation would predict a pyramidal geometry for the SeCl$_3$$^+$ cation with a Cl-Se-Cl bond angle of approximately 109°. However, this molecule is an excellent example of a situation where maximal bonding cannot be achieved with the simplest molecular formula. The formation of the tetramer (SeCl$_4$)$_4$, with delocalized sigma bonding of the bridging chloride is clearly preferred over a "hypervalent" small molecule. Gaseous SeCl$_4$ contains SeCl$_2$ and chlorine, which recombine upon condensation.

## Reactions

Selenium tetrachloride can be reduced in situ to the dichloride using triphenylstibine:
    SeCl$_4$ + SbPh$_3$ → SeCl$_2$ + Cl$_2$SbPh$_3$
Selenium tetrachloride reacts with water to give selenous and hydrochloric acids:
    SeCl$_4$ + 3 H$_2$O → H$_2$SeO$_3$ + 4 HCl
Upon treatment with selenium dioxide, it gives selenium oxychloride:
    SeCl$_4$ + SeO$_2$ → 2SeOCl$_2$
# Gustaf Adlerfelt

Gustaf Adlerfelt (1671 – June 28, 1709) was a Swedish historical writer born near Stockholm, brother of Pehr Adlerfelt.
He was appointed by Charles XII "gentleman of the court" and afterwards accompanied him to his military campaigns, and writing a journal on them. He continues this work until his death in 1709 when he was killed by a cannonball in the Battle of Poltava.