# List of state leaders in the 1st century BC
## State leaders in the 2nd century BC – State leaders in the 1st century– State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 1st century BC (100–1 BC).

## Africa
### Africa: Northcentral

Libya
* Cyrene (complete list) –
   * Ptolemy Apion, King (c.147–96 BC)

### Africa: Northeast

Egypt
* Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (complete list) –
   * Ptolemy IX Lathyros, Pharaoh (116–110 BC, 110–109 BC, 88–81 BC)
   * Ptolemy X Alexander I, Pharaoh (110–109 BC, 107–88 BC)
   * Berenice III, Pharaoh (101–88 BC, 81–80 BC)
   * Ptolemy XI Alexander II, Pharaoh (80 BC)
   * Ptolemy XII Auletes, Pharaoh (80–58 BC, 55–51 BC)
   * Cleopatra VI, Pharaoh (58–57 BC)
   * Berenice IV, Pharaoh (58–55 BC)
   * Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, Pharaoh (51–47 BC)
   * Cleopatra VII, Pharaoh (51–30 BC)
   * Arsinoe IV, Queen (48–47 BC)
   * Ptolemy XIV, Pharaoh (47–44 BC)
   * Caesarion, Pharaoh (44–30 BC)
Nubia
* Kush (complete list) –
   * Tanyidamani, Qore (2nd–1st century BC)
   * Naqyrinsan, Qore (early 1st century BC)
   * Aqrakamani, Qore (late 1st century BC)
   * Teriteqas, Qore (c.40 BC)
   * Amanirenas, Kandake, Queen Regent (c.40–10 BC)
   * Amanishakheto, Kandake, Queen Regent (c.10 BC–1 AD)
   * Amanitore, Kandake, Queen Co-regent (c.40–10 BC)
   * Amanikhabale, Qore (c.50–40 BC)

### Africa: Northwest

Algeria
* Numidia (complete list) –
   * Gauda, King (105–88 BC)
   * Hiempsal II, King (88–60 BC)
   * Juba I, King (60–46 BC)
   * Juba II, client King under Rome (29–25 BC)
Morocco
* Mauretania (complete list) –
   * Bocchus I, King (c.110–c.80s BC)
   * Bocchus II, King (49–c.33 BC)
   * Bogud, Co-King (49–c.38 BC)
   * Juba II, client King under Rome (25 BC–23 AD)

## Asia
### Asia: East

China
* Western Han, China (complete list) –
   * Wu, Emperor (141–87 BC)
   * Zhao, Emperor (87–74 BC)
   * Liu He, Emperor (74 BC)
   * Xuan Di, Emperor (74–49 BC)
   * Yuan, Emperor (48–33 BC)
   * Cheng, Emperor (33–7 BC)
   * Ai, Emperor (7–1 BC)
   * Ping, Emperor (1 BC–5 AD)
Korea: Three Kingdoms
* Baekje (complete list) –
   * Onjo, King (18 BC–28 AD)
* Eastern Buyeo (complete list) –
   * Hae Buru, King (86–48 BC)
   * Geumwa, King (48–7 BC)
   * Daeso, King (7 BC–22 AD)
* Goguryeo (complete list) –
   * Dongmyeong, King (37–19 BC)
   * Yuri, King (19 BC–18 AD)
* Silla (complete list) –
   * Hyeokgeose, King (57 BC–4 AD)

### Asia: South

India
* Kanva dynasty (complete list) –
   * Vasudeva (c.75–c.66 BC)
   * Bhumimitra (c.66–c.52 BC)
   * Narayana (c.52–c.40 BC)
   * Susharman (c.40–c.30 BC)
* Satavahana dynasty (Purana-based chronology) –
   * Satakarni II, King (141–85 BC)
   * Lambodara, King (85–67 BC)
   * Apilaka, King (67–55 BC)
   * Meghasvati, King (55–37 BC)
   * Svati, King (37–19 BC)
   * Skandasvati, King (19–12 BC)
   * Mrigendra Satakarni, King (12–9 BC)
   * Kunatala Satakarni, King (9–1 BC)
   * Satakarni III, King (1 BC–1 AD)
* Northern Satraps (complete list) –
   * Hagamasha, Satrap (late 1st century BC)
   * Hagana, Satrap (late 1st century BC)
* Shunga Empire (complete list) –
   * Devabhuti, Emperor (83–73 BC)
Pakistan
* Apracharajas (complete list) –
   * Indravarman, Raja (1st century BC)
   * Vijayamitra, Raja (12 BC–15 AD)
Sri Lanka
* Anuradhapura Kingdom (complete list) –
   * Pulahatta, King (103–100 BC)
   * Bahiya, King (100–98 BC)
   * Panya Mara, King (98–91 BC)
   * Pilaya Mara, King (91–90 BC)
   * Dathika, King (90–88 BC)
   * Valagamba, King (104–103, c.89–77 BC)
   * Mahakuli Mahatissa, King (76–62 BC)
   * Chora Naga, King (62–50 BC)
   * Kuda Tissa, King (50–47 BC)
   * Siva I, King (47–47 BC)
   * Vatuka, King (47–47 BC)
   * Darubhatika Tissa, King (47–47 BC)
   * Niliya, King (47–47 BC)
   * Anula, King (47–42 BC)
   * Kutakanna Tissa, King (42–20 BC)
   * Bhatikabhaya Abhaya, King (20 BC–9 AD)

### Asia: West

* Bithynia (complete list) –
   * Nicomedes III Euergetes, King (127–94 BC)
   * Nicomedes IV Philopator, King (94–74 BC)
   * Socrates Chrestus, King (c.90 BC)
* Cappadocia (complete list) –
   * Ariarathes VIII, client King under Rome (101–96 BC)
   * Ariarathes IX, nominal King under Pontus (c. 95 BC)
   * Ariobarzanes I, client King (95–c.63 BC)
   * Ariobarzanes II, client King under Rome (c.63–51 BC)
   * Ariobarzanes III, client King under Rome (51–42 BC)
   * Ariarathes X, client King under Rome (42–36 BC)
   * Archelaus, client King under Rome (36 BC–17 AD)
* Characene (complete list) –
   * Tiraios I, King (95/94–90/89 BC)
   * Tiraios II, King (79/78–49/48 BC)
   * Artabazos I, King (49/48–48/47 BC)
   * Attambelos I, King (47/46–25/24 BC)
   * Theonesios I, King (c.19/18)
   * Attambelos II, King (c.17/16 BC–8/9 AD)
* Bosporan Kingdom (complete list) –
   * Asander, client King under Rome (47 BC, 44–17 BC)
   * Dynamis, client Queen under Rome (47–14 BC)
   * Mithridates, client King under Rome (47–44 BC)
   * Scribonius, King (17–16 BC)
   * Aspurgus, client King under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)
* Colchis (complete list) –
   * Mithridates, client King under Pontus (fl. 65 BC)
   * Machares, client King under Pontus (fl. 65 BC)
   * Aristarchus, client King under Rome (65–47 BC)
* Commagene (complete list) –
   * Mithridates I, King (109–70 BC)
   * Antiochus I, King (70–38 BC)
   * Mithridates II, King (38–20 BC)
   * Mithridates III, King (20–12 BC)
   * Antiochus III, King (12 BC–17 AD)
* Elymais (complete list) –
   * Kamnaskires III Megas Nikephorus, client King under Parthia (c.85 BC)
   * Kamnaskires IV, client King under Parthia (c.82/1–c.76/5 BC)
   * Kamnaskires V, client King under Parthia (c.73/2–c.46 BC)
   * Kamnaskires VI, client King under Parthia (c.46–c.28 BC)
   * Kamnaskires VII, client King under Parthia (c.28 BC–c.1 AD)
* Indo-Greek Kingdom (complete list) –
   * Antialcidas, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, and Gandhara (115–95 BC)
   * Heliokles II, King of Gandhara and Punjab (110–100 BC)
   * Polyxenios, King of Paropamisade and Arachosia (c.100 BC)
   * Demetrius III, King of Gandhara and Punjab (c.100 BC)
   * Philoxenus, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (100–95 BC)
   * Diomedes, King of Paropamisade (95–90 BC)
   * Amyntas, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (95–90 BC)
   * Epander, King of Punjab (95–90 BC)
   * Theophilos, King of Paropamisade (c.90 BC)
   * Peukolaos, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (c.90 BC)
   * Nicias, King of Paropamisade (90–85 BC)
   * Menander II, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (90–85 BC)
   * Hermaeus, King of Paropamisade (90–70 BC)
   * Archebius, King of Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (90–80 BC)
   * Maues, Indo-Scythian King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (85–60 BC)
   * Artemidoros, King of Gandhara/Punjab (c.80 BC)
   * Apollodotus II, King of Punjab (80–65 BC)
   * Telephos, King of Gandhara (75–70 BC)
   * Hippostratos, King of Western Punjab (65–55 BC)
   * Dionysios, King of Eastern Punjab (65–55 BC)
   * Zoilos II, King of Eastern Punjab (55–35 BC)
   * Apollophanes, King of Eastern Punjab (35–25 BC)
   * Strato II and Strato III, Kings of Eastern Punjab (25 BC–10 AD)
* Indo-Scythian Kingdom (complete list) –
   * Maues, King (c.85–60 BC)
   * Vonones, King (c.75–65 BC)
   * Spalahores, King (c.75–65 BC)
   * Spalirises, King (c.60–57 BC)
   * Azes I, King (c.57–35 BC)
   * Azilises, King (c.57–35 BC)
   * Azes II, King (c.35–12 BC)
   * Zeionises, Sub-king (c.10 BC–10 AD)
   * Kharahostes, Sub-king (c.10 BC–10 AD)
* Judea: Hasmonean dynasty (complete list) –
   * Alexander Jannaeus, King and High Priest (103–76 BC)
   * Alexandra Salome, Queen (76–67 BC)
   * John Hyrcanus II
      * High Priest (76–66, 63–40 BC)
      * King (67–66 BC)
      * Ethnarch (47–40 BC)
   * Aristobulus II, King and High Priest (66–63 BC)
   * Antipater, Procurator (47–44 BC)
   * Antigonus, King and High Priest (40–37 BC)
* Judea: Herodian dynasty (complete list) –
   * Herod the Great, client King under Rome (37–4 BC)
* Nabataea (complete list) –
   * Aretas II, King (120/110–96 BC)
   * Obodas I, King (c.96–85 BC)
   * Aretas III, King (84–60/59 BC)
   * Obodas II, King (62/61–60/59 BC)
   * Malichus I, King (59–30 BC)
   * Obodas III, King (30–9 BC)
   * Aretas IV Philopatris, King (9/8 BC–39/40 AD)
* Osroene (complete list) –
   * Bakru II, King (112–94 BC)
   * Ma'nu I, King (94 BC)
   * Abgar I, King (94–68 BC)
   * Abgar II, King (68–52 BC)
   * Ma'nu II, King (52–34 BC)
   * Paqor of, King (34–29 BC)
   * Abgar III, King (29–26 BC)
   * Abgar IV, King (26–23 BC)
   * Ma'nu III, King (23–4 BC)
   * Abgar V, King (4 BC–7 AD, 13–50)
* Parthian Empire (complete list) –
   * Mithridates II, Great King, Shah (124–88 BC)
   * Gotarzes I, Great King, Shah (95–90 BC)
   * Orodes I, Great King, Shah (90–80 BC)
   * Sanatruces, Great King, Shah (77–70 BC)
   * Phraates III, Great King, Shah (70–57 BC)
   * Mithridates III, Great King, Shah (57–54 BC)
   * Orodes II, Great King, Shah (57–38 BC)
   * Pacorus I,§ Great King, Shah (51 BC)
   * Phraates IV, Great King, Shah (37–2 BC)
   * Tiridates II,§ Great King, Shah (32 BC)
   * Musa, Great Queen, Shah (2 BC–4 AD)
   * Phraates V, Great King, Shah (2 BC–4 AD)
* Pontus (complete list) –
   * Mithridates VI, King (120–63 BC)
   * Pharnaces II, client King under Rome (63–47 BC)
   * Darius, client King under Rome (39–37 BC)
   * Arsaces, client King under Rome (c.37 BC)
   * Polemon I, client King under Rome (37–8 BC)
   * Pythodorida, client Queen under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)
* Seleucid Empire (complete list) –
   * Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, King (114–96 BC)
   * Seleucus VI Epiphanes, King (96–95 BC)
   * Antiochus X Eusebes, King (95–92/83 BC)
   * Antiochus XI Epiphanes, King (95–87 BC)
   * Demetrius III Eucaerus, King (95–92 BC)
   * Philip I Philadelphus, King (95–84/83 BC)
   * Antiochus XII Dionysus, King (87–84 BC)
   * Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes, King (83–69 BC)
   * Antiochus XIII Asiaticus, King (69–64 BC)
   * Philip II Philoromaeus, King (65–63 BC)

## Europe
### Europe: Balkans

* Sapaean kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –
   * Cotys I, King (57–48 BC)
   * Rhescuporis I, King (48–41 BC)
* Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –
   * Teres III, King (c.149 BC)
   * Beithys, King (140–120 BC)
   * Cotys V, King (120–? BC)
   * Sadalas I, King (87–79 BC)
   * Cotys VI, King (57–48 BC)
   * Sadalas II, King (48–42 BC)
   * Sadalas III, King (42–31 BC)
   * Rhescuporis II, King (18–13 BC)
   * Rhascus, King (18–11 BC)
   * Rhoemetalces I, King (12 BC–12 AD)

### Europe: British Isles

* Atrebates (complete list) –
   * Commius, King (57–c.22 BC
   * Tincomarus, King (c.22–8 AD)
   * Eppillus, King (8–15)
   * Verica, King (15–40)
* Catuvellauni (complete list) –
   * Cassivellaunus, Chieftain/Leader (c. 54 BC)
   * Tasciovanus, King (c.20 BC–9 AD)

### Europe: Central

* Marcomanni (complete list) –
   * Maroboduus, King (9 BC–19 AD)

### Europe: East

* Dacia (complete list) –
   * Charnabon, King (5th century BC)
   * Histrianorum, King (c.339 BC)
   * Cothelas, King (4th century BC)
   * Dual, King (3rd century BC)
   * Rhemaxos, King (c.200 BC)
   * Moskon, King (3rd century BC)
   * Dromichaetes, King (3rd century BC)
   * Zalmodegicus, King (late 3rd century BC)
   * Rubobostes, King (2nd century BC)
   * Oroles, King (2nd century BC)
   * Dicomes, King (1st century BC)
   * Rholes, King (1st century BC)
   * Dapyx, King (1st century BC)
   * Cotiso, King (1st century BC)
   * Zyraxes, King (1st century BC)
   * Burebista, King (82–44 BC)
   * Comosicus, King (44 BC–28 AD)

### Europe: South

* Roman Republic (complete list) –
   * 100
      * Gaius Marius, Consul
      * Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Consul
   * 99
      * Marcus Antonius, Consul
      * Aulus Postumius Albinus, Consul
   * 98
      * Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos, Consul
      * Titus Didius, Consul
   * 97
      * Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus, Consul
      * Publius Licinius Crassus, Consul
   * 96
      * Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, Consul
      * Gaius Cassius Longinus, Consul
   * 95
      * Lucius Licinius Crassus, Consul
      * Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex, Consul
   * 94
      * Gaius Coelius Caldus, Consul
      * Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, Consul
   * 93
      * Gaius Valerius Flaccus, Consul
      * Marcus Herennius, Consul
   * 92
      * Gaius Claudius Pulcher, Consul
      * Marcus Perperna, Consul
   * 91
      * Lucius Marcius Philippus, Consul
      * Sextus Julius Caesar, Consul
   * 90
      * Lucius Julius Caesar, Consul
      * Publius Rutilius Lupus, Consul
   * 89
      * Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, Consul
      * Lucius Porcius Cato, Consul
   * 88
      * Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Consul
      * Quintus Pompeius Rufus, Consul
   * 87
      * Gnaeus Octavius, Consul
      * Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Consul
      * Lucius Cornelius Merula, Suffect consul
   * 86
      * Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Consul
      * Gaius Marius, Consul
      * Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Suffect consul
   * 85
      * Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Consul
      * Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Consul
   * 84
      * Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Consul
      * Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Consul
   * 83
      * Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, Consul
      * Gaius Norbanus, Consul
   * 82
      * Gaius Marius the Younger, Consul
      * Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Consul
   * 81
      * Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Dictator (82–79 BC)
      * Marcus Tullius Decula, Consul
      * Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella, Consul
   * 80
      * Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Consul
      * Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius, Consul
   * 79
      * Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus, Consul
      * Appius Claudius Pulcher, Consul
   * 78
      * Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Consul
      * Quintus Lutatius Catulus, Consul
   * 77
      * Decimus Junius Brutus, Consul
      * Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus, Consul
   * 76
      * Gnaeus Octavius, Consul
      * Gaius Scribonius Curio, Consul
   * 75
      * Lucius Octavius, Consul
      * Gaius Aurelius Cotta, Consul
   * 74
      * Lucullus, Consul
      * Marcus Aurelius Cotta, Consul
   * 73
      * Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus, Consul
      * Gaius Cassius Longinus, Consul
   * 72
      * Lucius Gellius Publicola, Consul
      * Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus, Consul
   * 71
      * Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, Consul
      * Gnaeus Aufidius Orestes, Consul
   * 70
      * Pompey, Consul
      * Marcus Licinius Crassus, Consul
   * 69
      * Quintus Hortensius, Consul
      * Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus, Consul
   * 68
      * Lucius Caecilius Metellus, Consul
      * Quintus Marcius Rex, Consul
   * 67
      * Gaius Calpurnius Piso, Consul
      * Manius Acilius Glabrio, Consul
   * 66
      * Manius Aemilius Lepidus, Consul
      * Lucius Volcatius Tullus, Consul
   * 65
      * Lucius Aurelius Cotta, Consul
      * Lucius Manlius Torquatus, Consul
   * 64
      * Lucius Julius Caesar, Consul
      * Gaius Marcius Figulus, Consul
   * 63
      * Marcus Tullius Cicero, Consul
      * Gaius Antonius Hybrida, Consul
   * 62
      * Decimus Junius Silanus, Consul
      * Lucius Licinius Murena, Consul
   * 61
      * Marcus Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus, Consul
      * Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger, Consul
   * 60
      * Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer, Consul
      * Lucius Afranius, Consul
   * 59
      * Julius Caesar, Consul
      * Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, Consul
   * 58
      * Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, Consul
      * Aulus Gabinius, Consul
   * 57
      * Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, Consul
      * Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos, Consul
   * 56
      * Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus, Consul
      * Lucius Marcius Philippus, Consul
   * 55
      * Pompey, Consul
      * Marcus Licinius Crassus, Consul
   * 54
      * Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, Consul
      * Appius Claudius Pulcher, Consul
   * 53
      * Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus, Consul
      * Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus, Consul
   * 52
      * Pompey, Consul
      * Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, Consul
   * 51
      * Servius Sulpicius Rufus, Consul
      * Marcus Claudius Marcellus, Consul
   * 50
      * Lucius Aemilius Paullus, Consul
      * Gaius Claudius Marcellus, Consul
   * 49
      * Gaius Claudius Marcellus, Consul
      * Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, Consul
   * Julius Caesar, Dictator (49–44 BC)
   * Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Triumvir of the Africa Province (43–36 BC)
   * Mark Antony, Triumvir of the East (43–27 BC)
   * Augustus/ Octavian, Triumvir of the West (43–27 BC)
* Roman Empire: Principate (complete list) –
   * Augustus/ Octavian, Principate, Emperor (27 BC–14 AD)

### Eurasia: Caucasus

* Armenia (complete list) –
    Artaxiad Dynasty
   * Artavasdes I, King (123–95 BC)
   * Tigranes II, the Great, King (95–55 BC)
   * Artavasdes II, King (55–34 BC)
   * Artaxias II, King (33–20 BC)
   * Tigranes III, King (20–10 BC)
   * Tigranes IV, King, co-monarch (10–2 BC)
   * Erato, Queen, co-monarch (10–2 BC)
    non-dynastic
   * Ariobarzanes, client King under Rome (2 BC–4)
* Iberia (Kartli) (complete list) –
   * Pharnajom, King (109–90 BC)
   * Artaxias I, King (90–78 BC)
   * Artoces, King (78–63 BC)
   * Pharnavaz II, King (63–32 BC)
   * Mirian II, King (30–20 BC)
   * Arshak II, King (20 BC–1 AD)