OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alcmonavis

Alcmonavis is a basal genus of avialan dinosaur that during the Late Jurassic lived in the area of present Germany. The only named species in the genus is Alcmonavis poeschli. Its only known fossil was originally reported as a specimen of Archaeopteryx.

## Discovery and naming

Amateur paleontologist Roland Pöschl systematically excavates the Alte Schöpfel quarry on the Schaudiberg, at Mühlheim near Mörnsheim in Bavaria. In November 2017, he discovered a slab showing a right wing of a primordial bird. The piece was prepared by Uli Leonhardt. In 2018, it was reported as a thirteenth specimen of Archaeopteryx. Subsequent research, however, indicated that it represented a species new to science.
In 2019, the type species Alcmonavis poeschli was named and described by Oliver Walter Mischa Rauhut, Helmut Tischlinger and Christian Foth. The generic name combines the old Celtic name of the Altmühl River meandering through the region of the find, Alcmona, with a Latin avis, "bird". The specific name honours Pöschl as discoverer.
The holotype, specimen SNSB-BSPG 2017 I 133, has been found in a layer of the Mörnsheim Formation dating from the early Tithonian. It consists of a nearly complete but only partially articulated right wing. The fossil is part of the collection of the Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie after being purchased by the Bavarian state.

## Description

The length of the holotype was estimated at 111% of that of the largest known Archaeopteryx specimen, the Solnhofener exemplar. The estimated humerus length is about nine centimetres.
No autapomorphies, unique derived traits, of Alcmonavis could be established. However, a unique combination of traits that in themselves are not unique was indicated. The humerus has a large deltopectoral crest, the expansion of which exceeds the shaft width. The upper side of the humerus makes an angle of 38° with the lower shaft. The ulna has a single and clearly distinct oval depression in its upper articulation surface, next to a small laterally projected process. The lower end of the ulna is slightly asymmetrically expanded. The radius at its top has a large crest-like process for the attachment of the musculus biceps brachii. The radius has a groove running along the inner side of its shaft. The second metatarsal is considerably more robust than the first or third metatarsal. The first phalanx of the first finger shows a longitudinal groove. The first phalanx of the second finger is very robust with an oval instead of flattened cross-section. The first phalanx of the second finger is warped around its long axis. The hand claws possess well-developed bosses for the flexor tendons, which processes are expanded at the palmar side.

## Classification

Rauhut et al (2019) placed Alcmonavis in a basal position in the Avialae, just above Archaeopteryx in the evolutionary tree. The cladogram below displays the results of their phylogenetic analyses.
# Climate of Hope

Climate of Hope: How Cities, Businesses, and Citizens can Save the Planet is an environmental science book by Carl Pope and Michael Bloomberg.

## Context

The book is divided into six parts with two chapters each as well as a conclusion. The book switches between Pope and Bloomberg as they draw from their individual experiences within their respective careers as well as historic lessons and scientific evidence as they discuss the inevitable climate crisis of global warming.
They examine the problems at hand from a variety of perspectives and also discuss solutions they have implemented and would like to see implemented and the barriers to such. Finally they look at how society has the potential to solve this crisis utilizing innovative technology, policies and nature.

## Publication

Climate of Hope was published on April 18, 2017, by St Martin Publication Press and was a New York Times best selling nonfiction book of that year.
# Huang Lei

Huang Lei (born December 6, 1971) is a Chinese actor, director, singer and screenwriter. He was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi, and now lives in Beijing.
Huang ranked 58th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2015, 29th in 2017, and 76th in 2019. 62nd in 2017, and 63rd in 2019.

## Experience

In 1990, Huang entered into the Acting Department of Beijing Film Academy; four years later, he entered into the institute of the Department of Film Performances, specialising in movie performance. When he graduated in 1997, he stayed in the Beijing Film Academy as a teacher. At the same year, he published the first music album Life on a String. In 1999, he starred in the TV show April Rhapsody, as Xuzhimo. In 2004, he published his first book The Fantasy of Seventeen Floor. In 2006, he starred in the drama Secret Love In Peach Blossom Land.

## Personal life

Huang and actress Li Sun had been in love since she was a freshman and he was a lecturer at Beijing Film Academy. They registered their marriage and held a small ceremony with close friends and relatives in 2004. They welcomed 2 daughters (born in 2006 and 2013) and 1 son (born in 2017). In 2016, they took wedding pictures and had a grand wedding ceremony with distinguished guests and celebrities in Chinese showbiz to mark their 20 years together.
Huang and his eldest daughter starred in the variety show Where Are We Going, Dad? (Chinese version) in 2014.
# Saint-Florent-sur-Cher

Saint-Florent-sur-Cher (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Florent on Cher) is a commune in the Cher department in central France.
# Villeneuve-sur-Cher

Villeneuve-sur-Cher (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

## Geography

An area of forestry and farming comprising the village and a couple of hamlets situated on the banks of the river Cher, about 9 miles (14 km) southeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D16 with the D35 and D27 roads.

## Sights

* The church of St. Pierre, dating from the twelfth century.
* The fifteenth-century fortified house.
* The seventeenth-century manorhouse at Galifart.
* The medieval Beau tower.
# Sergio Guerrero (composer)

Sergio Guerrero (1921–2008) was a Mexican composer of film scores.

## Selected filmography

* Love for Sale (1951)
* Arrabalera (1951)
* A Galician Dances the Mambo (1951)
* Full Speed Ahead (1951)
* What Has That Woman Done to You? (1951)
* The Masked Tiger (1951)
* Passionflower (1952)
* The Naked Woman (1953)
* Genius and Figure (1953)
* The Spot of the Family (1953)
* Black Ace (1954)
* Magdalena (1955)
* Spring in the Heart (1956)
* Yesenia (1971)
* Roots of Blood (1978)
# James Reid Kerr

James Reid Kerr (4 December 1883 – 19 August 1963) was a Scottish sportsman who played both rugby union and cricket for his country. He was also part of the first official British & Irish Lions team that toured South Africa in 1910.

## Early life

James Reid Kerr was born on 4 December 1883 in Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland. He was the son of Robert Kerr, a Sugar Refiner. After attending Greenock Collegiate and Glasgow University he worked for his father as a Sugar Chemist.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

Kerr played as a rugby forward for his local side, Greenock Wanderers RFC.

### Provincial career

He captained the South Western District side against North of Scotland District in 1906.
He played for Glasgow District in the 1909 inter-city match against Edinburgh District.

### International career

He played one game for Scotland, vs England at Richmond on 20 March 1909
The following year, he was selected for the first official British tour to South Africa (in that it was sanctioned and selected by the four Home Nations official governing bodies).

## Cricket career

Kerr also played cricket for Greenock as a right-handed batsman. In 279 matches he scored 5,262 runs at an average of 23.08, and he had a top score of 119. He went on to play for the Scotland team, making only one appearance in 1921. That was against Ireland. In that match he scored 15 runs over two innings. He was also the cousin of the famous Scottish cricketer, John Kerr.

## First World War

James Reid Kerr served as a captain the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders during the First World War. During the war he saw action in the Gallipoli campaign in 1915.
# Fiona King

Fiona King (née Barclay, born 1 February 1972 ) is a New Zealand former rugby union player. She represented New Zealand internationally and played provincially for Otago and North Harbour. She was a member of the 1998 and 2002 winning squads.
She has spoken at TEDxWellington.
# Damiano Lassandro

Damiano Lassandro (born 18 December 1947) is an Italian boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# 2123 Vltava

2123 Vltava, provisional designation 1973 SL$_2$, is a stony Koronian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 15 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 September 1973, by Soviet–Russian astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory on the Crimean peninsula in Nauchnyj. It is named for the river Vltava (Moldau).

## Classification and orbit

The S-type asteroid is a member of the Koronis family, which is named after 158 Koronis and consists of about 300 known bodies with nearly co-planar ecliptical orbits. The asteroid orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 10 months (1,767 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic. A first precovery taken at Heidelberg in 1934, extends the body's observation arc by 39 years prior to its official discovery observation at Nauchnyj.

## Physical characteristics
### Rotation period

Between 1998 and 2005, a survey of members of the Koronis family by seven different observatories obtained a large number of rotational lightcurves from . For Vltava, the survey gave an ambiguous rotation period of 34.0 hours with a brightness variation of 0.21 in magnitude (U=2). In 2014, photometric observations at the Palomar Transient Factory in California rendered a lightcurve with an alternative solution of 16.2954 hours, or about half the period previously found, with an amplitude of 0.19 magnitude (U=2).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the international Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), the Japanese Akari satellite, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the asteroid measures between 14.4 and 15.1 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.20 and 0.22.

## Naming

This minor planet was named for the Vltava (Moldau), the longest river within the Czech Republic, running through the city of Prague. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 April 1980 (M.P.C. 5283).
# Peringillup, Western Australia

Peringillup is an abandoned townsite in the Shire of Broomehill-Tambellup of the Great Southern region of Western Australia. Peringillup is located on the Great Southern Highway. The gazetted area of the town is not contiguous. While the majority of it is located east of the Great Southern Highway, a small exclave is to the west of the highway, south-west of the main area of Peringillup. All of the gazetted area of the former townsite is now covered by the Peringillup Nature Reserve.
With a size of 0.05 square kilometres (0.019 sq mi), it is one of the smallest gazetted townsites in Western Australia.

## History

Peringillup was established in 1907 as a siding on the Great Southern Railway, which originally had opened in 1889. It was originally known as Wudara. The decision was made to establish a townsite at Peringillup in 1911, and it was gazetted in 1914. The name originates from the near-by Perringillup Well and is of Aboriginal origin. It was first recorded in 1878 but its meaning is not known.

## Nature reserve

The Peringillup Nature Reserve was gazetted on 12 October 1979, has a size of 2.18 square kilometres (0.84 sq mi), and is located within the Avon Wheatbelt bioregion.
# Solaris Cluster

Oracle Solaris Cluster (sometimes Sun Cluster or SunCluster) is a high-availability cluster software product for Solaris, originally created by Sun Microsystems, which was acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2010. It is used to improve the availability of software services such as databases, file sharing on a network, electronic commerce websites, or other applications. Sun Cluster operates by having redundant computers or nodes where one or more computers continue to provide service if another fails. Nodes may be located in the same data center or on different continents.

## Background

Solaris Cluster provides services that remain available even when individual nodes or components of the cluster fail. Solaris Cluster provides two types of HA services: failover services and scalable services.
To eliminate single points of failure, a Solaris Cluster configuration has redundant components, including multiple network connections and data storage which is multiply connected via a storage area network. Clustering software such as Solaris Cluster is a key component in a Business Continuity solution, and the Solaris Cluster Geographic Edition was created specifically to address that requirement.
Solaris Cluster is an example of kernel-level clustering software. Some of the processes it runs are normal system processes on the systems it operates on, but it does have some special access to operating system or kernel functions in the host systems.
In June 2007, Sun released the source code to Solaris Cluster via the OpenSolaris HA Clusters community.

## Solaris Cluster Geographic Edition

SCGE is a management framework that was introduced in August 2005. It enables two Solaris Cluster installations to be managed as a unit, in conjunction with one or more Data replication products, to provide Disaster Recovery for a computer installation. By ensuring that data updates are continuously replicated to a remote site in near-real time, that site can rapidly take over the provision of a service in the event that the entire primary site is lost as a result of a disaster, either natural or man-made. This is a key to minimizing the Recovery point objective (RPO) and Recovery time objective (RTO) for the service.

## Proxy file system

PxFS (Proxy file system) is a distributed, high availability, POSIX compliant filesystem internal to Solaris Cluster nodes. Global devices in Sun Cluster are made possible by PxFS.

## Supported applications

Solaris Cluster uses software components called agents which monitor an application to detect whether it is operating correctly, and take action if a problem is detected. Agents for common applications are included such as Siebel Systems, SAP Livecache, WebLogic Server, GlassFish, MySQL, Oracle RAC, Oracle E-Business Suite and Samba among others; there is also a wizard which allows the cluster implementer to create agents for other applications.

## Releases

* Oracle Solaris Cluster 11.2 July 31, 2014; 10 years ago (2014-07-31)
# Cyganówka, Zwoleń County

Cyganówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zwoleń, within Zwoleń County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Zwoleń and 105 km (65 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
# Haengchon-dong

Haengchon-dong is a dong (neighborhood) of Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It is a legal dong (법정동 法定洞) administered under its administrative dong (행정동 行政洞), Gyonam-dong.
# Fatato

Fatato is an uninhabited islet (motu) of Funafuti, Tuvalu. In 2002 the Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) chose this island for a systematic study of its coast in relation to the impact of global climate change on atolls. The islet can be accessed by foot with a 20-30 minute walk from Fongafale across the reef at low tide.
# Vice-President of Namibia

The vice-president of Namibia becomes president, when the preceding president dies, resigns or is removed from office via impeachment. The vice-president serves as the acting president of Namibia when the president is outside the country's borders, unable to fulfill the duties of the office. The vice-president is also a member of the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The vice-president is constitutionally required to 'assist the president in the execution of the functions of government,' and may be assigned any government portfolio by presidential proclamation.
The position of the vice-president was established in 2014 along with several other constitutional amendments. The position is controversial due to its unclear portfolio. Nickey Iyambo served as the first vice-president of Namibia from 2015 to 2018. The current vice-president is Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah since 4 February 2024.

## List of officeholders
### Political parties

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Political party |
| 1 | | Nickey Iyambo (1936–2019) | 21 March 2015 | 8 February 2018 | 2 years, 324 days | SWAPO |
| 2 | | Nangolo Mbumba (born 1941) | 8 February 2018 | 4 February 2024 | 5 years, 361 days | SWAPO |
| 3 | | Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah (born 1952) | 4 February 2024 | Incumbent | 254 days | SWAPO |
# Galena Island

Galena Island is an uninhabited island within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut. It is located in Bathurst Inlet. Other islands in the vicinity include Lewes Island, Marcet Island, and Walrus Island.
# Peter Masniuk

Peter Paul Masniuk (February 17, 1920 in Morweena, Manitoba – October 21, 1995) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1966 to 1969, and a federal Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1972 to 1979.
The son of Paul Masniuk and Anne Fediuk, Masniuk was educated at public school in Narcisse, Manitoba. He was a section foreman with the Canadian National Railway before entering politics, and was a Union contact at Lodge 308 from 1955 to 1966. He served in the armoured car division of the 12th Manitoba Dragoons from 1942 to 1945, and was later president of Branch No. 158 of the Royal Canadian Legion from 1960 to 1965. In 1947, Masniuk married Rose Kowalchuk.
He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1966 provincial election in the riding of Fisher, defeating former NDP MLA Peter Wagner by 112 votes. He was not appointed to cabinet, and did not seek re-election in 1969 after the abolition of his riding. He was known for bringing a union perspective to the PC caucus.
He moved to federal politics in the 1972 Canadian election, and was elected for the riding of Portage, defeating his nearest opponent by more than 2,000 votes. He was returned in the 1974 election, but lost his seat to New Democratic Party challenger Terry Sargeant in the 1979 election, in the redistributed riding of Selkirk—Interlake. This loss occurred just as the Progressive Conservatives formed a minority government under the leadership of Joseph Clark.
Masniuk returned to his job as a CNR foreman after his defeat. He later served as reeve of Armstrong from 1985 to 1992, and was a housing officer with the Manitoba Housing Authority. He died suddenly while dancing at a community event in Arborg, celebrating fifty years of his contributions to the Legion.
# Old Ministry of Justice Building

The Old Ministry of Justice Building (法務省旧本館), also known as the Red-Brick Building (赤れんが棟), is an historical building in the Kasumigaseki district of Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It previously served as the headquarters of the Ministry of Justice and continues to house certain offices of the ministry. It is designated as an Important Cultural Property.

## History

The site was historically occupied by the residence of the Uesugi clan of the Yonezawa Domain during the Edo period. The building was constructed in 1895 from a design by the German expatriate architects Hermann Ende and Wilhelm Böckmann. Together with the Supreme Court of Judicature building, it was considered a representative work of Meiji era modern public architecture in Japan.
The building was largely unaffected by the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 due to its steel-reinforced construction, but was gutted during the firebombing of Tokyo in 1945, with only the exterior walls and floors remaining intact. It re-opened in 1950 with various modifications including a re-designed tiled roof.
The Ministry of Justice headquarters was relocated to a more modern 21-story office building, formally known as Central Government Office Complex No. 6-A, in 1990.
Renovations in 1994 restored the building to its original exterior appearance. Since these renovations, the building has been used to house the Research and Training Institute of the Ministry of Justice (法務総合研究所), the Library of the Ministry of Justice (法務図書館) and the Ministry of Justice Museum. It was designated as an Important Cultural Property on 27 December 1994.

## Access

The closest station is Sakuradamon on the Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line.

## Gallery

* Main gate, guards
* Full building
* Roof
* Front entrance
# Tulasidas Dasappa

Tulasidas Dasappa (16 July 1929 – 20 April 2005) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from the Mysore constituency in Karnataka in 1967,1971 and 1977 as a member of the Indian National Congress. He was Union Minister of State for Coal and Mines in the Charan Singh Ministry. He was the son of H. C. Dasappa and Yashodhara Dasappa, both former ministers and Indian independence activists.
# Marcet Island

Marcet Island is an uninhabited island within the Arctic Archipelago in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut. It is located in Bathurst Inlet. Other islands in the vicinity include Galena Island, Ekalulia Island, Lewes Island, Patsy Klengenberg Island, Iglorua Island, and Walrus Island.
# Rachid Djebaili

Rachid Djebaili (born 26 April 1975) is a former professional footballer who played as a forward in five countries. Born in Besançon, France, Djebaili represented the Algeria national football team three times. One of those appearances was in a match against his native country which had to be abandoned after 74 minutes due to a pitch invasion.
Djebaili joined Scottish Premier League side St Johnstone in 2001 and made 14 appearances, 13 in the league, before leaving the following year.
# Bietti's crystalline dystrophy

Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a rare autosomal recessive eye disease named after G. B. Bietti.
BCD is a rare disease and appears to be more common in people with Asian ancestry.

## Presentation

Symptoms of BCD include:
* Crystals in the cornea (the clear covering of the eye)
* Yellow, shiny deposits on the retina
* Progressive atrophy of the retina, choriocapillaries and choroid (the back layers of the eye). This tends to lead to progressive night blindness and visual field constriction.

## Genetics

BCD is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means the defective gene responsible for the disorder is located on an autosome, and two copies of the defective gene (one inherited from each parent) are required in order to be born with the disorder. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder both carry one copy of the defective gene, but usually do not experience any signs or symptoms of the disorder.
BCD is associated with mutations in the CYP4V2 gene. The nematode C. elegans has a duplicated gene (cyp31A2 and cyp31A3) that are orthologous of the human gene. These genes code for cytochrome P450s involved in fatty acid synthesis.

## Treatment

At this time, there is no treatment for BCD. Genetic studies are being conducted to find treatments for patients with BCD.
# Thoma Çami

Thoma Çami was a Cham Albanian leader living in the Ottoman Empire and one of the main contributors to the revival of Albanian culture during the National Renaissance of Albania. He was a founder and the first chairman of the organization "Bashkimi", the best-known cultural club of the Albanian National Awakening. He also wrote the first scholarly history book for Albanian schools, but died before the Albanian declaration of independence.