OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Betsy Heimann

Betsy Heimann (sometimes credited as Betsy Faith Heimann) is an American costume designer, who was born in Chicago, Illinois and works in Hollywood.

## Filmography

* Rush Hour 3 (2007)
* Lady in the Water (2006)
* Be Cool (2005)
* Red Dragon (2002)
* Vanilla Sky (2001)
* Almost Famous (2000)
* Out of Sight (1998)
* Jerry Maguire (1996)
* 2 Days in the Valley (1996)
* Get Shorty (1995)
* Pulp Fiction (1994)
* Reservoir Dogs (1992)
# Hesperia dacotae

Hesperia dacotae, the Dakota skipper, is a small to medium-sized North American butterfly. It has a wingspan of approximately one inch and the antennae form a hook. The male's wings are a tawny-orange to brown on the forewings with a prominent mark and dusty yellow on the lower part of the wing. The female wing is a darker brown orange and white spots on the forewing margin.

## Reproduction

The adult Dakota skippers are active for only three weeks in June and July which is their total lifespan. Their eggs, which are laid on the underside of leaves, are hatched in July and the caterpillar larvae feed on native grass until they go dormant in late summer. The caterpillar larvae then winter in shelters very close to the ground. In spring they come out of dormancy in their adult form. They are found in healthy natural tall grass and prairie grass from Minnesota to Saskatchewan. They are now considered extirpated from Illinois and Iowa. The largest most stable population is now found in North Dakota.

## Conservation

The Dakota skipper has experienced declining populations from destruction and modification of native prairie for grazing, herbicide use and building. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service placed the Dakota skipper on the Candidate list for protections under the Endangered Species Act from 1975 to 2014, and it has been petitioned twice for protection under the Endangered Species Act in 1994 and 2003. The Dakota skipper was awarded Threatened status under the Endangered Species Act in 2014.
# Department of Immigration & Passports

The Department of Immigration & Passports of the Ministry of Home Affairs is the government organisation responsible for passports, immigration and migration in general in Bangladesh. It is located in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The headquarters is located in Agargaon Passport office in Dhaka City. Major General Md. Nurul Anwar is the incumbent Director General (DG) of the Department of Immigration and Passports.

## History

The department was established in 1973 by the government of Bangladesh after the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971. In 2017 the department started making a bio-metric list of Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh.
# CarComplaints.com

CarComplaints.com is an online automotive complaint resource that uses graphs to show automotive defect patterns, based on complaint data submitted by visitors to the site. The complaints are organized into logical groups with data published by vehicle, vehicle component, and specific problem. The average cost to fix, average mileage at failure, common solutions and individual owner comments are shown for each problem group. There is no charge or user signup required to access the complaint data, although user registration is required in order to submit a car complaint.

## Rating System

Vehicles are rated on a system of four badges, which are given based on nominations by owners of certain vehicles or generations of vehicles. From highest-rated to lowest-rated, the badges are:
* Seal of Awesome – Has no apparent defects.
* Seal of Pretty Good – May have minor defects, but nothing too serious or expensive.
* Beware Of The Clunker – Has serious defects, but doesn't deserve the "Avoid Like The Plague" rating since the defects either occur at high mileage, aren't too costly to repair, or aren't widespread.
* Avoid Like The Plague – Has serious and widespread defects that occur at relatively low mileage, are very expensive to repair, and may pose a safety risk.

### Worst Vehicles

According to CarComplaints.com, the 2002 Ford Explorer is ranked as the "Worst Vehicle on Record", largely due to widespread transmission failure at under 100,000 miles of drive time. The website also ranked the 2004 model #11.
The #2, #3, and #4 ranking on CarComplaints.com's worst vehicles are the 2003 Honda Accord, 2019 Toyota RAV4, and 2013 Nissan Altima respectively, with all three models also suffering from widespread transmission problems.
At #5, #6, and #7 are the 2011 Jeep Grand Cherokee, 2011 Hyundai Sonata, and 2013 Hyundai Elantra respectively, with all three of these models suffering from widespread engine failure.
The 2014 Jeep Cherokee is ranked #8, the 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee is ranked #9, and the 2014 Nissan Altima is ranked #10, due to transmission problems.

## Recognition

CarComplaints.com was featured in a December 2014 Lifehacker article, Five Best Car Comparison Sites, and also mentioned in several New York Times articles from 2013 to 2015: Ford Windstar Minivans Recalled for a Second Time, Chrysler Owners Sound Off on a Power Defect and Ram Dashboards Cracking.
CarComplaints.com was recommended in a June 2010 report from the Consumer Federation of America titled Consumer Complaint Websites: An Assessment. The CFA's report compared six generic complaint websites but singled out CarComplaints.com as a specialized resource for "consumers interested in automobiles, who should begin with carcomplaints.com." The CFA's recommendation of CarComplaints.com was repeated in media coverage by The New York Times, MSNBC, The Early Show & other news outlets.
CarComplaints.com was also named a "Top 100 Website of 2009" by PC Magazine.
# It's Not All Shrovetide for the Cat

It's Not All Shrovetide for the Cat (Russian: Не всё коту масленица, romanized: Ne Vsyo Kotu Maslenitsa) is a play by Alexander Ostrovsky written in 1871 and first published in the No. 9, September 1871 issue of Otechestvennye Zapiski. It was premiered on October 7, 1871, in Moscow's Maly Theatre.

## History

According to Ostrovsky's notes, the play was conceived on 8 March 1871, started on 10 March and finished on 9 April of that year. "This is more an etude than a proper play, got nothing visually effective in it and written for pundits. It centers around the Moscovites' way of life, and merchants' language is being reproduced here with perfect accuracy," Ostrovsky explained in a letter to his friend, actor Fyodor Burdin on April 17.
On 21 August 1871 the Theatre and Literary Committee declared the comedy eligible for the Imperial Theatres repertoires. On December 10 it was approved by censors. The play premiered on 7 October 1871 at Maly Theatre in Moscow as a benefit for the actor Dmitry Zhivokini. On 13 January 1872, it was performed for the first time in Saint Petersburg's Alexandrinsky Theatre.
According to Ostrovsky's biographer Vladimir Lakshin, "with It's Not All Shrovetide for the Cat Ostrovsky provided a late epitaph for the samodur [domestic tyrant] type and said a farewell to it to the wholehearted laughter of the audience... 'Help!' Akhov was yelling, lost in twilight of his own thirty-roomed house once belonged to a Prince, and that was a cry for his lost power over people who were now just refusing to be afraid of him."
The play, warmly received in Moscow, flopped in Saint Petersburg due to faulty Alexandrinka production. "What does the Saint Petersburg theatre do to me? Whichever play they stage, it goes to the dogs," Ostrovsky complained. In late January 1872 Tsar Alexander II visited the theatre, was unimpressed and told so Stepan Gedeonov, the Director of the Russian Imperial Theatres. The latter suggested that "the author's idea had been apparently to show what a difference the Tsar-approved reforms were making for the people." "The monarch looked like he was pleased by such an explanation," Fyodor Burdin, a witness to the scene, remembered.
# Centromedian nucleus

In the anatomy of the brain, the centromedian nucleus, also known as the centrum medianum, (CM or Cm-Pf) is a nucleus in the posterior group of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN) in the thalamus. (This must not be confused with the central medial nucleus, which is in the anterior group of the ITN.) There are two centromedian nuclei arranged bilaterally.
In humans, each centromedian nucleus contains about 2200 neurons per cubic millimetre and has a volume of about 310 cubic millimetres with 664,000 neurons in total. It measures less than 10 millimetres in every dimension. It belongs to the caudal intralaminar group of thalamic nuclei and is situated within the medial thalamus. It is bordered superiorly by the mediodorsal nucleus, medially by the parafascicular nucleus, and posteriorly by the pulvinar.

## Input and output

It sends nerve fibres to the subthalamic nucleus and putamen. It receives nerve fibres from the cerebral cortex, vestibular nuclei, globus pallidus, superior colliculus, reticular formation, and spinothalamic tract.

## Function

Its physiological role involves attention and arousal, including control of the level of cortical activity. Some frequencies of extracellular electrical stimulation of the centromedian nucleus can cause absence seizures (temporary loss of consciousness) although electrical stimulation can be of therapeutic use in intractable epilepsy and Tourette's syndrome. Specifically, the centromedian nucleus has been proposed as a target for neuromodulation-based treatment of generalized epilepsy.
General anaesthetics specifically suppress activity in the ITN, including the centromedian nucleus. Complete bilateral lesions of the centromedian nucleus can lead to states normally associated with brain death such as coma, death, persistent vegetative state, forms of mutism and severe delirium. Unilateral lesions can lead to unilateral thalamic neglect. (See hemispatial neglect.)
A patient with electrodes implanted into more than 50 different regions in his brain (including regions giving him orgasmic feelings) chose to self stimulate the electrode in his centromedian nucleus more than all other electrodes. The patient's explanation of this: "The subject reported that he was almost able to recall a memory during this stimulation, but he could not quite grasp it. The frequent selfstimulations were an endeavor to bring this elusive memory into clear focus."

## Additional images

* Thalamus
* Left thalamus, view from left dorsal posterior
# List of regions of Turkmenistan by Human Development Index

This is a list of Turkmen regions and the capital city of Ashgabat by Human Development Index as of 2023 with data for the year 2022.
| Rank | Region | HDI (2022) |
| Very high human development |||
| 1 | Ashghabat City | 0.800 |
| High human development |||
| 2 | Balkan Velayat | 0.756 |
| 3 | Lebap Velayat | 0.750 |
| – | Turkmenistan | 0.744 |
| 4 | Ahal Velayat | 0.738 |
| 5 | Mary Velayat | 0.723 |
| 6 | Dashoghuz Velayat | 0.722 |
# Karl Georg von Raumer

Karl Georg von Raumer (9 April 1783 – 2 June 1865) was a German geologist and educator.

## Biography

Raumer was born in Wörlitz, in Anhalt-Dessau. He was educated at the universities of Göttingen and Halle, and at the mining academy in Freiberg as a student of Abraham Gottlob Werner. In 1811 he became professor of mineralogy at Breslau, and two years later, participated in the German Campaign of 1813. In 1819 he relocated as a professor to the University of Halle, then in 1827 settled at the University of Erlangen as a professor of natural history and mineralogy. Raumer died in Erlangen.

## Writings

* Geognostische Fragmente (Geognostic fragments, 1811).
* Der Granit des Riesengebirges (The granite of the Riesengebirge, 1813).
* Das Gebirge Niederschlesiens, der Grafschaft Glatz und eines Theils von Böhmen und der Oberlausitz (The mountains of Lower Silesia, etc., 1819).
* A B C Buch der Krystallkunde (ABC's of crystallography, 1817, 1821).
* Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Geographie (Handbook of general geography, 1832).
* Kreuzzüge, (Crusades, 1840–64).
* Geschichte der Pädagogik (A history of pedagogy; 4 volumes, 1846–55). An important book on education which was translated into English; e.g. "German universities : contributions to the history and improvement of the German universities", translation of volume 4 from Raumer's ''Geschichte der Pädagogik.
* (In English): "Education of girls"; republished from Barnard's American Journal of Education, for March and June, 1861.
* Beschreibrung der Erdoberfläche (Description of the Earth's surface, 6th edition, 1866).
He also wrote an autobiography, published after his death in 1866.

## Family

He was the brother of the historian Friedrich Ludwig Georg von Raumer. His son Rudolf von Raumer was a noted philologist.
# Cadyville, New York

Cadyville is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Clinton County, New York, United States. The community is located along the Saranac River and New York State Route 374, 8.8 miles (14.2 km) west of Plattsburgh. Cadyville has a post office with ZIP code 12918, which opened on July 25, 1840.

## Education

The school district is Saranac Central School District.
# Serial binary adder

The serial binary adder or bit-serial adder is a digital circuit that performs binary addition bit by bit. The serial full adder has three single-bit inputs for the numbers to be added and the carry in. There are two single-bit outputs for the sum and carry out. The carry-in signal is the previously calculated carry-out signal. The addition is performed by adding each bit, lowest to highest, one per clock cycle.

## Serial binary addition

Serial binary addition is done by a flip-flop and a full adder. The flip-flop takes the carry-out signal on each clock cycle and provides its value as the carry-in signal on the next clock cycle. After all of the bits of the input operands have arrived, all of the bits of the sum have come out of the sum output.

## Serial binary subtractor

The serial binary subtractor operates the same as the serial binary adder, except the subtracted number is converted to its two's complement before being added. Alternatively, the number to be subtracted is converted to its ones' complement, by inverting its bits, and the carry flip-flop is initialized to a 1 instead of to 0 as in addition. The ones' complement plus the 1 is the two's complement.

## Example of operation
### Decimal

    5+9=14
   * X=5, Y=9, Sum=14

### Binary

    0101+1001=1110

### Addition of each step

| Inputs | Inputs | Inputs | Outputs | Outputs |
| Cin | X | Y | Sum | Cout |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
*addition starts from LSb
# Thermae Romae (film)

Thermae Romae is a 2012 live-action film adaptation of Japanese manga Thermae Romae, which was produced by Fuji TV and it released on April 28, 2012. A second film, Thermae Romae II, was released in 2014.

## Cast

* Hiroshi Abe as Lucius
* Aya Ueto as Mami Yamakoshi
* Kazuki Kitamura as Ceionius
* Riki Takeuchi as Tateno
* Kai Shishido as Antoninus
* Takashi Sasano as Shūzo Yamakoshi
* Masachika Ichimura as Hadrian
* Midoriko Kimura as Yumi Yamakoshi
* Katsuya as Marcus

## Reception

As of July 29, the film had a box office gross of US$74,091,903. It was the second highest-grossing domestic film at the Japanese box office in 2012 and, as of January 5, 2015, is the 95th highest-grossing film in Japan, with ¥5.98 billion.
Hiroshi Abe won Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role for the film at the 36th Japan Academy Film Prize presentation. Thermae Romae also received a nomination for Mitsuo Harada's art direction at the same awards.
Thermae Romae earned HK$1,498,789 at the Hong Kong box office.
The film had its North American premiere in September 2012 at the Toronto International Film Festival.
# Lepidonotus squamatus

Lepidonotus squamatus is a species of polychaete worm, commonly known as a "scale worm", in the family Polynoidae. This species occurs in both the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. It was first described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 as Aphrodita squamata but was later transferred to the genus Lepidonotus.

## Description

The prostomium has two lobes and bears several pairs of antennae, a pair of palps and two pairs of eyes. The dorsal surface of the body, which has uniform width, is completely concealed by two rows of overlapping scales, resembling fish scales. These scales are modified cirri and are supported on short stalks. They are covered in tubercles of varying sizes, and have a fringe of papillae. This worm has 26 segments and grows to a length of about 5 cm (2 in); it is some shade of grey, drab brown or yellow, often being covered with mud.

## Distribution and habitat

Lepidonotus squamatus occurs in Western Europe, including the North Sea, the Skagerrak, the Kattegat, the Öresund Strait and the western Baltic Sea. It is also present on the eastern seaboard of North America from Labrador southward to New Jersey and on the western seaboard from Alaska to California. It occurs in the littoral zone and the sublittoral zone at depths down to about 2,700 m (8,900 ft). Its habitat is typically beneath stones or among tangled growth.

## Ecology

Scale worms play a role on the seabed similar to that of isopods (pill bugs or woodlice) on land. They are carnivorous, feeding on crabs, starfish, gastropod molluscs and any other small invertebrate they come across.
The scales of Lepidonotus squamatus emit a faint bioluminescent glow. This is a defensive mechanism, because any predator feeding on the worm is likely to acquire some scales which will adhere to its mouthparts; these will make it more visible, alerting its own predators to its whereabouts.
# Greive

Greive is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alex Greive (born 1999), New Zealand professional footballer
* Bob Greive (1919–2004), American politician
* Bradley Trevor Greive (born 1970), Australian author
* Duncan Greive (born 1979), New Zealand founder and managing editor of online magazine The Spinoff
* Edward Greive (1797–1845), Canadian politician and businessman
* Hermann Greive (1935–1984), German professor of Jewish studies
* Johan Conrad Greive (1837–1891), Dutch painter
* John Greive (1886–1971), Scottish first-class cricketer and cricket administrator, brother of Walter and William
* Petrus Franciscus Greive (1811–1872), Dutch painter and lithographer
* Tallulah Greive (born 1997), Australian-Scottish actress
* Walter Greive (1891–1917), Scottish first-class cricketer, brother of John and William
* William Greive (1888–1916), Scottish first-class cricketer, brother of John and Walter
# Bethnal Green East (1965 ward)

Bethnal Green East was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The ward was created in 1965 and abolished in 1978. It ward was first used in the 1964 elections and last used for the 1974 elections. It returned councillors to Tower Hamlets London Borough Council. In 2022, the ward of Bethnal Green was renamed and has since been called Bethnal Green East.

## Tower Hamlets council elections
### 1974 election

The election took place on 2 May 1974.
1974 Tower Hamlets London Borough Council election: Bethnal Green East :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | E. Bishop | 601 | |
| | Labour | L. Brazier | 593 | |
| | Labour | G. Browne | 593 | |
| | Liberal | D. Williams | 312 | |
| | Liberal | S. Jayes | 311 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,587 | 17.9 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### 1971 election

The election took place on 13 May 1971.

### 1968 election

The election took place on 9 May 1968.
1968 Tower Hamlets London Borough Council election: Bethnal Green East :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | E. Bishop | Unopposed | | |
| | Labour | G. Browne | Unopposed | | |
| | Labour | P. Walker | Unopposed | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,147 | | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Labour hold | Labour hold | Labour hold |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Labour hold | Labour hold | Labour hold |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Labour hold | Labour hold | Labour hold |

### 1964 election

The election took place on 7 May 1964.
1964 Tower Hamlets London Borough Council election: Bethnal Green East :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | E. Bishop | Unopposed | | |
| | Labour | G. Browne | Unopposed | | |
| | Labour | A. Jacob | Unopposed | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,147 | | |
| | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) |
| | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) |
| | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) |
# When the Fog Lifts

When the Fog Lifts (Spanish: Cuando levanta la niebla) is a 1952 Mexican mystery thriller film directed by Emilio Fernández and starring Arturo de Córdova, María Elena Marqués and Columba Domínguez. It was shot at the Churubusco Studios in Mexico City. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Manuel Fontanals.

## Cast

* Arturo de Córdova as Pablo
* María Elena Marqués as Silvia
* Columba Domínguez as Ana, enfermera
* Tito Junco as José Fuentes
* Arturo Soto Rangel as Tío Carlos
* Julio Villarreal as Doctor Arias
* Wolf Ruvinskis as Paciente
* Linda Cristal as Amiga de Silvia
* Rogelio Fernández as Empleado asilo
* Beatriz Saavedra as Amiga de Silvia
# Charles Perrat

Charles Perrat (14 January 1899, Lyon – 4 July 1976) was a 20th-century French paleographer, professor at the École Nationale des Chartes. An archivist, he was also a member of the Société des Antiquaires de France.

## Sources

* Francois (Michel), « Charles Perrat (1899-1976) », Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes, 136 (1978), p. 449-455 online
* François (Martine), « PERRAT Charles Claude Jacques », notice de l'annuaire du CTHS online
# Raúl García (footballer, born 1976)

Raúl García Fernández (born 30 June 1976) is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a defender. He could occupy all three defensive positions.
He amassed Segunda División B totals of 493 matches and eight goals over 16 seasons, representing in the competition six clubs, mainly Barakaldo and Burgos.

## Club career

Born in Hernani, Gipuzkoa, García's 19-year senior career was spent mainly in the lower leagues of his country, mostly with Barakaldo CF, Burgos CF (four years apiece) and CD Mirandés (three). He played 75 games in the Segunda División over three seasons, with SD Eibar and Mirandés.
During the 2012–13 campaign, whilst with the latter side, the 36-year-old García suffered an injury to the meniscus in his left knee, being sidelined for several months. He scored his only goal in the second tier on 20 October 2012, contributing decisively to a 1–1 home draw against Girona FC. He left the club in July of the following year, and retired shortly after.