OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mishamo Refugee Camp

Mishamo Refugee Camp is a refugee camp situated in the Northwestern region of Kigoma, Tanzania. Initially established in an unofficial capacity during the early 1970s, it served as a haven for Burundian refugees escaping the first Burundian genocide. It is one of the biggest refugee camps in Africa spanning an expansive area, the camp fosters an agriculturally-driven way of life for many of its inhabitants.

## History

Mishamo Refugee Camp was initially established during the early 1970s in response to the influx of Burundian refugees seeking asylum from the first Burundian genocide. Over the years, the camp has undergone significant transformation and is now recognized as an official refugee settlement.

## Demographics

Mishamo Refugee Camp served as a home for over 62,000 displaced individuals, predominantly originating from Burundi. A significant portion of these Burundian residents have embraced the Tanzanian government's offer of naturalization, subsequently considering their host nation as their newfound homeland. This mutual acceptance has fostered a sense of belonging and stability for the refugee population in Tanzania. As of 31 Oct 2023, the camp had a population of 3,199 refugees.

## Repatriations Program

For a significant number of the so-called 1972 Burundian refugees, repatriating to their homeland following an extended period in the Katumba refugee camp or the two other Tanzanian "old settlements" proves to be a formidable challenge. These individuals often encounter difficulties in repossessing their land, leading UNHCR to offer temporary housing and facilitate peaceful mediation for resolving such disputes. Regarding returnees without any land, the government and related United Nations entities collaborate in assisting them to find placement in specially designated rural integrated villages six of which were established between 2008 and 2009.
In March 2008, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Tanzanian government initiated a groundbreaking program, where approximately 55,000 refugees residing in Katumba, Mishamo, and Ulyankulu settlements chose to repatriate to Burundi. Since then, around 50,000 individuals have returned to their country of origin. Additionally, as part of the program, a further 162,000 refugees opted for local integration within Tanzania and an opportunity for citizenship.
# Mtendeli Refugee Camp

Mtendeli Refugee Camp is a refugee camp located in the Kakonko District of Kigoma Region, Tanzania.

## Location

Mtendeli Refugee Camp is located in the Kakonko District of Kigoma Region, Tanzania. It is situated 120 km from the town of Kasulu, 25 km from the border covering an area of 1,500 Hectares.

## History

Mtendeli Refugee Camp was opened on January 14, 2016, as an emergency response to receive 40,000 Burundian refugees relocated from Nyarugusu refugee camp to Nduta and Mtendeli refugee camps. The camp is managed by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Tanzanian government.

## Demographics

As of 14 January 2016, the camp was hosting 40,213 refugees majority of whom were from Burundi and as of 2021, the camp was accommodating 10,989 refugees living in 2,576 households. The camp community organization is structured in a hierarchical structure consisting of three administrative layers: Zones, Villages, and Blocs. At the Zone level, 10 zonal leaders oversee the operations. Each Zone is further divided into Villages, with a total of 93 village leaders responsible for their management. Finally, within each Village, 1397 bloc leaders handle specific tasks and ensure smooth functioning. The camp chairman leads all zonal leaders and their deputies.

## Services

As of 14 January 2016, the following services were available in the camp: 1 hospital, 1 health post, 3 primary schools, 2 secondary schools, 2 youth centers, 1 food distribution center, 1 nonfood distribution center, 2 police posts, 1 common market, 1 camp based market, and 57 solar street lights.
# Nduta Refugee Camp

Nduta Refugee Camp is a refugee camp situated in the north-western region of Tanzania. It was established in 2015 to provide shelter and support to Burundian refugees who had fled their country due to political instability and violence. Located in the Kibondo District of the Kigoma Region, Nduta Refugee Camp is one of the three refugee camps in the area that currently house a population of over 320,000 refugees from Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

## History

Nduta Refugee Camp, established in 2015, was created as a solution to alleviate the overcrowding experienced in the Nyarugusu refugee camp, which is currently the third-largest refugee camp globally. This relocation project was initiated through a collaborative effort between the Tanzanian government and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to provide a safe haven for Burundian refugees escaping political instability and violence in their home country. The camp was officially reopened in October 2015, coinciding with the onset of the rainy season when approximately 20,000 individuals were still residing in communal shelters situated on a floodplain. From October to December 2015, a total of 27,500 Burundian refugees were relocated from Nyarugusu to Nduta, subsequently being transferred to another camp called Mtendele. This initiative was facilitated and overseen by the UNHCR.

## Demographics

Over the years, the population of Nduta Refugee Camp has been fluctuating:
As of May 2017, Nduta Refugee Camp had a population of 107,000 people, of which 76% were women and children, and an estimated 54% were under 17 years old. The camp is home to Burundian refugees who fled their country due to political instability and violence. By July 2018, the population was 104,784. According to the Tanzania Refugee Population Update, as of 28th Feb 2022, the population of Nduta Refugee Camp was 77,262 refugees. As of 31 Oct 2023, the population was 66,735 refugees.

## Services and facilities

Nduta Refugee Camp is equipped with essential facilities such as water and sanitation systems, health clinics, and educational institutions. Oxfam International, which is a confederation of 20 independent charitable organizations dedicated to addressing global poverty, has been offering valuable material and technical assistance to ensure clean drinking water, construct latrines, and educate the refugee community about the vital role of proper hygiene in disease prevention. The camp has the following services: 1 hospital, 6 health posts, 2 community-based rehabilitation centers, 6 primary schools (1 school under planning), 1 secondary school, 3 youth centers, 1 women's center, 3 food distribution centers, 3 police posts, 1 common market, 2 camp-based markets, and 97 solar street lights.
# Finger-Tatuk Provincial Park

Finger-Tatuk Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. Established in 1999, it covers 17,151 hectares (42,380 acres) and includes Finger Lake and Tatuk Lake, as well as several smaller lakes (Bodley, Cory, Harp, Turff, and Vance) and archaeological sites once used by Dakelh (Carrier) First Nations peoples. The lakes are known for rainbow trout and kokanee salmon, and each of the two larger lakes has a resort.
# Ussama Makdisi

Ussama Makdisi is a Palestinian American historian, specializing in the history of the modern Middle East. He is a professor of history and Chancellor’s Chair at the University of California Berkeley.
Makdisi's research focuses on the cultural and political history of the Middle East, with emphasis on identity, sectarianism, nationalism, and modernity.
In 2018, he was awarded the Berlin Prize.
Makdisi is part of a notable academic family — his uncle is the renowned literary theorist Edward Said, and his mother is Jean Said Makdisi.

## Early life

Ussama Makdisi was born in 1968 in Washington, D.C.. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Wesleyan University and later earned his Ph.D. in History from Princeton University.

## Academic career

Makdisi held the Arab-American Educational Foundation Chair of Arab Studies at Rice University in Houston, Texas. He has also served as a visiting professor at the American University of Beirut and the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London.
From 2012 to 2013, he was a resident fellow at the Berlin Institute for Advanced Study.

## Books

* Age of Coexistence: The Ecumenical Frame and the Making of the Modern Arab World (University of California Press, 2019)
* Faith Misplaced: the Broken Promise of U.S.-Arab Relations, 1820-2001 (Public Affairs, 2010)
* Artillery of Heaven: American Missionaries and the Failed Conversion of the Middle East (Cornell University Press, 2008)
* The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon (University of California Press, 2000)
* co-editor Memory and Violence in the Middle East and North Africa (Indiana University Press, 2006)
# William Templeton (British politician)

William Paterson Templeton (8 November 1876 – 4 July 1938) was a Scottish Unionist Party politician.
A native of Camlachie, Glasgow, Templeton was a wood turner by trade. Before entering Parliament, Templeton was a speaker for the Tariff Reform League and the first organising secretary of Unionist Workers' League.
He contested Ross and Cromarty in 1911 and sat as Member of Parliament for Banffshire from 1924 until 1929. He was unsuccessful in Glasgow Shettleston at a 1930 by-election, and sat for Coatbridge from 1931 until 1935.
In 1934, he, alongside Captain Herbert Moss MP and a former Glasgow town councillor, were convicted of contravening the Lotteries Act in connection to the Modern School of Art Union Cesarewitch draw.

## Sources

* Who Was Who
# John George Hess

John George Hess (November 3, 1838 – February 27, 1915) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Perth North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative from 1883 to 1890.
He was born in Beerfelden, Germany in 1838, the son of Jacob Hess and Anne Marie Seip, and came to Canada West with his family in 1858, settling in Berlin (later Kitchener, Ontario). He married Elizabeth Hueffner in 1860. Hess manufactured furniture. He served on the town council and was mayor of Listowel in 1883. Hess was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1891. In 1893, he was named customs collector for Stratford.
# Festival Film & TV

Festival Film & TV is an independent UK based production company founded in 1992 by award-winning producer Ray Marshall. The company is best known for producing The Cookson Dramas for ITV. Between 1992 and 2000, Festival produced 15 mini-series, based on books by bestselling novelist Catherine Cookson.
The Cookson Dramas became one of ITV's major brands, regularly bringing in audiences over 12 million and attracting the cream of Britain's acting talent, including Catherine Zeta-Jones, Sean Bean, Robson Green, Ray Stevenson, Emilia Fox, Nigel Havers, Samantha Bond, Denholm Elliott, Emily Mortimer, and Bob Peck.
FESTIVAL FILMS, Festival's feature film arm is involved in the development and production of feature films.

## Credits

Half Broken Things - TV Movie (2007)
Man Dancin' (2004)
A Dinner Of Herbs - TV mini-series, 6 episodes (2000)
The Secret - TV movie (2000)
Tilly Trotter - TV series (1999)
Colour Blind - TV mini-series, 2 episodes (1998)
The Round Tower - TV movie (1998)
The Rag Nymph - TV mini-series (1997)
The Moth - TV movie (1997)
The Wingless Bird - TV series (1997)
The Gambling Man - TV series (1996)
The Glass Virgin - TV mini-series (1996)
The Girl - TV Movie (1995)
The Tide Of Life - TV mini series (1995)
The Cinder Path - TV series (1994)
The Dwelling Place - TV series (1994)
The Man Who Cried - TV movie (1993)
Get the Picture - Children's TV quiz show, 65 episodes (1993)
# Gilberto Elsa

Gilberto Elsa (14 January 1938 – 2 June 1985) was an Italian swimmer who won a bronze medal in the 4×100 m medley relay at the 1958 European Aquatics Championships. He also competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in the 100 m backstroke event, but did not reach the finals.
# Studio floor manager

A floor manager or floor director is a member of the crew of a television show. The floor manager is responsible for giving information from the director in the control room, to the crew on the studio floor, and then back to the director.

## Duties

* Ensure all equipment is working on the set, before and during show
* Ensure on air talent's hair, put microphones, and clothing are in working order and presentable for camera
* Ensure set is clean and free of debris that might show up on camera
* Inform director and producer of off-camera action
* Understand entire show in order to make changes when needed to set, props, etc.
* Brief talent/guests on what to expect during show
* Help plan the show
* Deal with light & sound adjustment during show
* Deal with technical issues and change batteries during show
* If there is an audience, seat them, manage them during show, cue them
Floor managers working for news productions must have flexible working hours. They may need to work on weekends, extended hours, or even travel to different locations depending on the show's needs. They can typically dress in casual but appropriate attire, depending on the setting.

## Skills/qualities

Floor managers traditionally have other experience working in television, and work up to the position of floor manager. They should know the other technical positions in a studio, in order to have the maturity and experience to do their job effectively. Media, film, television, or even theater studies are helpful but not required. Floor managers must be able to work under pressure with composure, anticipate potential problems and know how to address them, communicate effectively and quickly, be able to work with different personalities, and know how to multitask. Floor managers require a good sense of timing and space.
# Fratire

Fratire is a type of 21st-century fiction literature written for and marketed to young men in a politically incorrect and overtly masculine fashion. The term was coined following the popularity of works by George Ouzounian (writing under the pen name Maddox) and Tucker Max. Described as a satirical celebration of traditional masculinity, the genre has been criticized for allegedly promoting sexism and misogyny.

## Genre

Fratire generally features male protagonists, usually in their twenties and thirties. It is characterized by masculine themes and could be considered the male equivalent of chick lit. The genre was popularized by Tucker Max's I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell and Maddox's webpage titled The Best Page in the Universe and his book The Alphabet of Manliness. According to one of the authors, "fratire as a genre represents the non-mainstream literary reaction to the feminization of masculinity", although not all the books address this so directly.

## Etymology

Fratire is a portmanteau of fraternity and satire. The term was introduced by New York Times reporter Warren St. John in a 2006 article titled "Dude, here's my book". Allegedly, it was the only word allowed by the editor. Tucker Max, after first hearing the term during a telephone interview with St. John, said,
   Great Holy Jesus. Warren, that is awful. First off, I wasn't in a fraternity. Neither was Maddox. In fact, none of the writers you are profiling in your article was in a frat. Please, call it anything else.
The term aimed to classify the recent publication of male-centric books that focused on alcohol and sexual themes. Publishers continued to push the genre as a sales tactic. After the success of the books published by Max and Maddox, publishers and reporters attempted to capitalize on the trend with new iterations of the word, including "lad-lit", "dicklit", "frat-lit" and "menaissance".

## Criticism of fratire

Melissa Lafsky of The New York Times described the genre as "misogyny for sale". Lafsky wrote that fratire authors were profiting by fueling young male anger concerning societal demands for equality. In a Salon.com interview with Rebecca Traister, Ouzounian said his writing was a nostalgic parody of old-fashioned masculinity and that society had moved too far forward to return to those concepts. In an interview with Public Radio International, Maddox offered the suggestion that the misogyny often associated with the genre of fratire had become more acceptable because women are stronger than they've ever been in society, and that singling out women as the only group not okay to lampoon is a sexist act in itself. In a 2008 article, Kira Cochrane in the New Statesman disputed that idea, stating there still remained much inequality between men and women. Cochrane called the fratire genre a regression to old-fashioned sexism "presented under the veil of irony".
# Flumexadol

Flumexadol (INN) (developmental code name CERM-1841 or 1841-CERM) is a drug described and researched as a non-opioid analgesic which was never marketed. It has been found to act as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT$_{1A}$ (pK$_i$ = 7.1) and 5-HT$_{2C}$ (pK$_i$ = 7.5) receptors and, to a much lesser extent, of the 5-HT$_{2A}$ (pK$_i$ = 6.0) receptor. According to Nilsson (2006) in a paper on 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor agonists as potential anorectics, "The (+)-enantiomer of this compound showed [...] affinity for the 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor (K$_i$) 25 nM) [...] and was 40-fold selective over the 5-HT$_{2A}$ receptor in receptor binding studies. The racemic version [...], also known as 1841 CERM, was originally reported to possess analgesic properties while no association with 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor activity was mentioned." It is implied that flumexadol might be employable as an anorectic in addition to analgesic. Though flumexadol itself has never been approved for medical use, oxaflozane (brand name Conflictan) is a prodrug of the compound that was formerly used clinically in France as an antidepressant and anxiolytic agent.

## Synthesis

Ex 1: Halogenation of 2-chloro ethyl vinyl ether [110-75-8] (1) with molecular bromine gives 1,2-dibromo-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane [14689-94-2] (2). Grignard reaction with 3-bromobenzotrifluoride [401-78-5] (3) gives 1-[2-Bromo-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene, CID:12343529 (4).
Ex 4: Treatment with benzylamine gives 4-benzyl-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]morpholine, CID:213531 (5).
Ex 6: Catalytric hydrogenation strips the benzyl protecting group completing the synthesis of flumexadol (6).
# HMS Boreham

HMS Boreham was one of 93 ships of the Ham-class of inshore minesweepers.
Their names were all chosen from villages ending in -ham. The minesweeper was named after Boreham in Essex.
# Greensted Green

Greensted Green is hamlet in the Ongar civil parish of the Epping Forest district, in the English county of Essex. It is positioned at the western end of Greensted, slightly above 2 miles (4 kilometers) to the west of Chipping Ongar.

## Name origin

The "Green" in the name "Greensted Green" refers to an area directly to the south of the Greensted road and the east of the Toot Hill road which was fenced off for agricultural use probably towards the end of the nineteenth century. The south western corner of the former green was for many years a marshy area at the confluence of various drainage ditches, but towards the end of the twentieth century it was dug out and extended, to create a small pond for ducks and (especially in winter) geese.
# Chul (Korean name)

Chul, also spelled Cheol or Chol, is a single-syllable Korean masculine given name, as well as an element in some two-syllable Korean given names. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write it.

## Hanja

There are 11 hanja with the reading "chul" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be used in given names, as well as variant forms of two of those hanja; they are:
* 鐵 (쇠 철 soe cheol): "iron"
** 鉄 (variant of above)
* 哲 (밝을 철 balgeul cheol): "bright", "keen"
** 喆 (variant of above)
* 徹 (통할 철 tonghal cheol): "to penetrate"
* 澈 (맑을 철 malgeul cheol): "pure"
* 撤 (거둘 철 geodul cheol): "to harvest", "to achieve"
* 轍 (바퀴 자국 철 bakwi jaguk cheol): "wheel track"
* 綴 (엮을 철 yeokkeul cheol): "to weave"
* 凸 (볼록할 철 bollokhal cheol): "convex", "to protrude"
* 輟 (그칠 철 geuchil cheol): "to stop"
* 悊 (밝을 철 balgeul cheol): "wise"
* 瞮 (눈 밝을 철 nun balgeul cheol): "sharp eyesight"

## People

People with the single-syllable given name Chul include:
* Jeong Cheol (1536–1593), Joseon dynasty statesman and poet
* Kim Chol (c. 1960–2012), North Korean politician
* Kang Chul (born 1971), South Korean football player
* Park Chul (born 1973), South Korean football manager
* Woo Chul (born 1978), South Korean swimmer
* Kim Chul (born 1980), South Korean field hockey player
* Hong Chul (born 1990), South Korean football player
* Pak Chol (born 1990), North Korean long-distance runner
* DinDin (born Lim Cheol, 1991), South Korean rapper
* Ahn Chol, North Korean freelance journalist
Fictional characters with the name Chul include:
* Kang Cheol, brother of Player 067 (Kang Sae-byeok) in the 2021 South Korean drama Squid Game

## As name element

In South Korea, some names ending with this element were popular for baby boys in the 1950s and 1960s, including Sang-chul, Byung-chul, and Young-chul. Other Korean given names containing the element Chul include:
# 西海

西海, meaning "west sea", may refer to:
In the Chinese reading Xīhǎi:
* Xihai Jun, a prefecture of ancient China
* Qinghai Lake, one of the Four Seas of China
In the Korean reading Seohae, alternatively spelled Sŏhae:
* Sohae University (서해대학교/西海大學校) in Gunsan, South Korea
* Former name of Hwanghae, one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon dynasty
* The Yellow Sea, sometimes also called the West Sea of Korea
In the Japanese readings Saikai or Nishiumi:
* Saikaidō, a region of ancient Japan
* Saikai, Nagasaki (西海市), city in Nagasaki Prefecture
* Nishiumi, Ehime (西海町), former village in Ehime Prefecture
# I'm Up (Gucci Mane mixtape)

I'm Up is a mixtape by American rapper Gucci Mane. It was released on May 25, 2012, by 1017 Bricksquad. This mixtape includes guest appearances from Yo Gotti, Rocko, Future, Chris Brown, Lil Wayne, Big Sean, 8Ball, Rick Ross, Birdman, Jim Jones, Fabolous, Scarface, T.I., Jeremih and 2 Chainz.

## Reception
### Critical response

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| XXL | (L) |
Ralph Bristout of XXL said "Despite the notable joints, I'm Up is flooded with featured guests, whom often outshine the rapper ("Don't Make No Sense" next to Fabolous and 8Ball; "Scarface" alongside Scarface). Though they don't necessarily hurt the project— adding a mélange of different styles and various temperaments—the supporting cast makes the tape seem more like a compilation project than a solo." Slava Kuperstein of HipHopDX said "Whatever criticisms fans may offer of Gucci Mane, the man works the mixtape scene hard. A cursory look at Wikipedia reveals that I'm Up is Gucci's 27th mixtape; not only that, but it's the second of this year. Sure, it's easier to have such prolific output when your subject matter is so narrow you could thread a needle with it, but Gucci delivers what the people want from him: a handful of hard-hitting beats, a few quotables, and some memorable guest spots."

## Music videos

Music videos has been released for songs such as "Super Cocky", "Kansas" featuring Jim Jones, "Wish You Would" featuring Verse Simmonds, "Brought Out Them Racks" featuring Big Sean, "Plain Jane (Remix)" featuring Rocko and T.I., and "Too Sexy" featuring Jeremih.