OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Walter Obodzinsky

Walter Obodzinsky, also known as Volodya Obodzinsky (5 July 1919 – 6 March 2004), was a Polish-born member of the Wehrmacht. He gained notoriety when the Canadian government sought to revoke his citizenship in 1999, on the basis that Obodzinsky had concealed his past Nazi activities.

## Life

Obodzinsky was born July 5, 1919, in Turzec, Poland. Between 1941 and 1944, Obodzinsky collaborated with Nazi occupiers in Belarus, serving as a member of the auxiliary police, Wehrmacht and Jagdzug. Obodzinsky joined an auxiliary police unit under the command of Heinrich Himmler in 1941. The unit later participated in the massacre of 1300-1500 Jews in the ghetto of Mir, Belarus.
From March to July 1944, Obodzinsky was a member of the Wehrmacht. He deserted the Wehrmacht in July 1944 while stationed in France. From December 1944 to May 1945, Obodzinsky fought on the Italian front with the Second Company of the 21st Infantry Battalion of the Polish Second Corps.

## Canadian deportation proceedings

In late 1946, Obodzinsky gained temporary admission to Canada from Italy. He was permanently admitted to Canada in 1950, and gained Canadian citizenship in 1955. In 1994, based on information received by the Canadian War Crimes Investigation Unit from the British War Crimes Investigation Unit, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police opened an investigation into Obodzinsky's activities during World War II. In 1999, Obodzinsky was served with a Notice of Intent to Revoke Citizenship by the Canadian government, on the basis that he had not revealed his war crimes during World War II.
In a 2003 ruling that ultimately revoked Obodzinsky's Canadian citizenship, Justice François Lemieux of the Federal Court of Canada described Obodzinsky as "an accomplice in the perpetration of atrocities committed, undeniably, during the German occupation of Belarus." The Government of Canada suspended its attempts to denaturalize Obodzinsky following his death on March 6, 2004.
# Bonkyl Church

Bonkyl Church (also spelled Buncle or Bunkle) (Scottish Gaelic: Bun na Cille = 'the hill foot of the church') is a Church of Scotland kirk situated at grid reference NT808595 5 miles (8 kilometres) northeast of Duns in the old county of Berwickshire. The nearest hamlet is Preston just over 2 miles (3 kilometres) to the south-west.

## History

There has been a religious establishment at Bonkyl since the early 12th century, and it was part of the vicarage of Dunkeld before 1275. The early proprietor of the church was Sir Alexander de Bonkyl, but the church passed into the care of his daughter Margaret in 1304. After the death of Margaret, the Bonkyl estate and church passed down to her son, Sir Alexander Stewart of Bonkyl.
During the Second War of Scottish Independence the location was contested by Thomas Ughtred, a future Knight of the Garter. The care and maintenance of the church then passed to the Douglas Earls of Angus, descendants of the Stewarts, before finally passing to the Earl of Home in 1877. The church was a separate parish until 1621 when it was co-joined with the nearby parish of Preston. In 1958, the churches were joined by Reston, then Chirnside in 1973. The present church is a Category B listed building.
The ancient church at Bonkyl fell into ruin and was demolished in 1820 when the present church was built. All that is left of the old church is a Norman apse, a vaulted arch which was later used as a burial vault of the Homes of Billie. It is thought to be the oldest of its kind in Scotland, having been built in the early 12th century and is a designated scheduled monument.

## Ministers in the early years of the reformed church

* 1582 - 1598 William Sinclair
* 1599 - 1607 George Redpath
* 1607 - 1612 Matthew Carrail
* 1612 - 1621 John Gaittis
# Toxic Grace

Toxic Grace is the fourth studio album by American thrash metal band Evildead. It was released on May 24, 2024. It is the band's first studio album since 2020's United $tate$ of Anarchy, and their first to have the same lineup as the preceding album. The album's artwork is also Evildead's first not to be designed by Ed Repka; instead, it was designed by Dan Goldsworthy.

## Personnel
### Evildead

* Juan Garcia – guitars
* Phil Flores – vocals
* Rob Alaniz – drums
* Albert Gonzalez – guitars
* Karlos Medina – bass
# André Fevret

André Alexis Fevret (24 October 1941 – 2 July 2006) was a French rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Sniper! (video game)

Sniper! is a computer game that appeared on CompuServe. It was an adaptation of the Sniper! board game.

## Plot

Sniper! is a strategy war-game in which players begin as recruits in the Sniper Saloon & Salad Bar, where players can hear local gossip, and talk with other players about their wins defeats, challenge other players to a game of Sniper!, or play against the computer. A drill instructor in the Bootcamp to shows new players how to play. The Halls of Fame also display the best scores of players. The player commands a small squad of either German or American soldiers in the western Europe of World War II. In a game of Patrol the opposing Alpha and Bravo squads encounter each other in the area between their front lines. In a game of Infiltrate, the Alpha force has to sneak across the map from one side to the other, exiting at the Bravo side Victory Point area before Bravo can stop them.

## Development

Steve Estvanik converted the Sniper! board-game series from TSR to function as a multi-player computer game available to play online on CompuServe.

## Reception

In the July 1989 edition of Computer Gaming World, Johnny Wilson gave the Sniper! videogame a generally positive review, admiring it both as a social experience as well as a competitive game.
In the January 1993 issue of Compute! (Issue 148), Paul C. Schuytema reviewed the Sniper! computer game, and suggested players pay for the graphical version rather than try to decipher images composed of ASCII characters, which he found "far too cryptic for my tastes." He noted that although "the game's control logistics seem a little obtuse at first, you can enter a modified boot camp where you explore all of the various commands."
# Bugulma-Belebey Upland

Bugulma-Belebey Upland (Russian: Бугульминско-Белебеевская возвышенность; Bashkir: Бөгөлмә-Бәләбәй ҡалҡыулығы; Tatar: Бөгелмә-Бәләбәй калкулыгы) is an upland in the eastern part of Eastern European Plain, west of the Urals, in Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It forms the drainage divide of the Volga, Kama and Belaya rivers. The upper point of the upland is 418 m height. Romashkino field is placed there.
# Chomęc

Chomęc is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siemiątkowo, within Żuromin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Journal of Industrial Textiles

The Journal of Industrial Textiles is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers materials science as applied to textiles. Its editor-in-chief is Dong Zhang . It was established in 1971 and is published by SAGE Publications.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2020 impact factor is 3.732, ranking it 4th out of 25 journals in the category "Materials Science, Textiles".
# Lolly Vella

Emmanuel "Lolly" Vella (7 August 1933 – 29 September 2012) was an Australian former association footballer.

## Club career

Vella played for Footscray JUST, Sunshine George Cross and Maribyrnong-Polonia in the Victoria State League.

## International career

Vella played two matches for the Australia national team in 1958 against New Zealand.

## Post-football

Vella worked for Massey Ferguson until retiring at the age of 57. He died in September 2012.
# Barium bromide

Barium bromide is the chemical compound with the formula BaBr$_2$. It is ionic and hygroscopic in nature.

## Structure and properties

BaBr$_2$ crystallizes in the lead chloride (cotunnite) motif, giving white orthorhombic crystals that are deliquescent.
Coordination geometry of ions in barium bromide :
| Ion | Ba$^{2+}$ | Br$^−$ (tetrahedral) | Br$^−$ (trigonal) |
| Coordination sphere | {BaBr$_9$} | {BrBa$_4$} | {BrBa$_3$} |
| Ball-and-stick model | | | |
| Coordination number | 9 | 4 | 3 |
| Coordination geometry | (7+2) coordination distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic | distorted tetrahedral | trigonal pyramidal |
In aqueous solution BaBr$_2$ behaves as a simple salt.
Solutions of barium bromide reacts with the sulfate salts to produce a solid precipitate of barium sulfate.
    BaBr$_2$ + SO$^{2−}$ $_4$ → BaSO$_4$ + 2 Br$^−$
Similar reactions occur with oxalic acid, hydrofluoric acid, and phosphoric acid, giving solid precipitates of barium oxalate, fluoride, and phosphate, respectively.

## Preparation

Barium bromide can be prepared by treating barium sulfide or barium carbonate with hydrobromic acid:
    BaS + 2 HBr → BaBr$_2$ + H$_2$S
    BaCO$_3$ + 2 HBr → BaBr$_2$ + CO$_2$ + H$_2$O
Barium bromide crystallizes from concentrated aqueous solution in its dihydrate, BaBr$_2$·2H$_2$O. Heating this dihydrate to 120 °C gives the anhydrous salt.

## Uses

Barium bromide is a precursor to chemicals used in photography and to other bromides. Historically, barium bromide was used to purify radium in a process of fractional crystallization devised by Marie Curie. Since radium precipitates preferentially in a solution of barium bromide, the ratio of radium to barium in the precipitate would be higher than the ratio in the solution.

## Safety

Barium bromide, along with other water-soluble barium salts (e.g. barium chloride), is toxic. However, there is no conclusive data available on its hazards.

## In popular culture

The compound appears in the intro title card of Breaking Bad, where the first pairs of letters are replaced with Br$^{35}$ and Ba$^{56}$, the symbols and atomic numbers of bromine and barium respectively.
# Dryhope Tower

Dryhope Tower is a ruined Scottish peel tower in the valley of the Yarrow Water, in the historic county of Selkirkshire, now part of the Scottish Borders. It lies approximately equidistant between the burghs of Moffat and Selkirk, and defended the north eastern end of St Mary's Loch. The site itself was protected on two sides, to the east by the Dryhope Burn and to the west by the Kirkstead Burn.

## Construction

Built of local stone, Dryhope Tower was originally a four storey building, with the first two storeys of vaulted construction. The tower rests within the remains of a barmkin which also contained other buildings.

## History

The tower was likely to have been raised according to a statute of the Parliament of Scotland in 1535, that required large landholders in the Borderlands to build barmkins of stone and lime, sixty square feet in area and with walls of one ell thickness and six ells in height for the resett and defense of him, his tennents, and his gudis in troublous tyme.
The castle belonged to the Scotts of Dryhope, and a daughter of the House, Mary Scott was known as the "Flower of Yarrow" and was also an ancestor of Sir Walter Scott. Mary was given in marriage to Wat Scott of Kirkhope, a notorious Border Reiver. The property passed to Wat Scott's family, the Scotts of Harden, and Scott took possession of Dryhope following his marriage. However, in 1592, Wat Scott fell out of favour with King James VI due to his association with Francis Stewart, 1st Earl of Bothwell, and involvement in an attack on Falkland Palace. King James levied an army and proceeded through the forest and slighted many houses of his opponents. Wat Scott did not get off lightly and Dryhope was amongst Scott of Harden's fortalices that were slighted. The tower seems to have been rebuilt by 1613. The castle fell into terminal decay in the latter part of the 17th century and was acquired by the senior branch of the Scotts, the Dukes of Buccleuch.
Dryhope Tower today belongs to the Philiphaugh Estate, and has recently been undergoing stabilisation work. It has been designated a scheduled monument by Historic Environment Scotland.
# Anton Ledermaier

Anton Ledermaier is an Austrian para-alpine skier. He represented Austria at the 1976 Winter Paralympics and at the 1980 Winter Paralympics.
His win at the 1980 Slalom 2B event formed part of a medal sweep as Gerhard Langer and Anton Berger, both representing Austria as well, won the gold and silver medals respectively.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Location | Position | Event | Time |
| 1976 | 1976 Winter Paralympics | Örnsköldsvik, Sweden | 3rd | Giant Slalom IV A | 3:45.88 |
| 1980 | 1980 Winter Paralympics | Geilo, Norway | 3rd | Slalom 2B | 2:01.86 |
# André Goursolle

Yves André Goursolle (6 August 1931 – 18 May 2014) was a French rower. He competed in the men's coxed four event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Olı Köyek

Olı Köyek (Tatar: Олы Көек, romanized: Olı Köyek) is a rural locality (a selo) in Biektaw District, Tatarstan. The population was 81 as of 2010.

## Geography

Olı Köyek is located 48 km northwest of Biektaw, district's administrative centre, and 50 km northwest of Qazan, republic's capital, by road.

## History

The village already existed during the period of the Khanate of Qazan.Its name derives from the words olı (big) and köyek (burnt place in the forest).
From 18th to the first half of the 19th centuries village's residents belonged to the social estate of state peasants.
By the beginning of the twentieth century, village had a mosque, a mekteb, a blacksmith shop and 4 small shops.
Before the creation of the Tatar ASSR in 1920 was a part of Qazan Uyezd of Qazan Governorate. Since 1920 was a part of Arça Canton; after the creation of districts in Tatar ASSR (Tatarstan) in Döbyaz (1930–1963), Yäşel Üzän (1963–1965) and Biektaw districts.
# Chotycze

Chotycze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Łosice and 122 km (76 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Taribo

Taribo is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Mfanfuthi Taribo Bhembe (born 1982), Liswanti footballer
* Taribo West (born 1974), Nigerian pastor and footballer
# Milkieston Rings

Milkieston Rings is a prehistoric site, a hillfort near the village of Eddleston and about 3 miles (5 km) north of Peebles, in the Scottish Borders, Scotland. It is a Scheduled Monument.

## Description

The fort is on Milkieston Hill, a broad spur projecting north-west from Cavarra Hill. There has been quarrying and stone-robbing of the site, such that interpretation is difficult; two or three phases of construction have been suggested.
There are two inner ramparts, which are now low stony banks; the innermost encloses a space about 49 metres (161 ft) north-north-west to south-south-east by 37 metres (121 ft), an area of 0.13 hectares (0.32 acres). About a quarter of the interior of the fort has been severely damaged by quarrying; there are traces of two probable house-platforms in the remaining part. There are three or four outer ramparts, built subsequently.
# André Lemoine

André Lemoine (25 November 1903 – 19 June 1978) was a French gymnast. He competed in seven events at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Patrick Reid (American Samoa)

Patrick Ti’a Reid is an American Samoan Party leader serving as Chairman of the Democratic Party of American Samoa and an advisor for Governor Lemanu Peleti Mauga.

## Early life and education

Reid holds a Bachelor of Arts in political science from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and a Master of Public Policy and Administration (MPAP) from American University in Washington, D.C. He is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
He has led and co-organized various initiatives, including coastal clean-ups, wheelchair distributions for the disabled, and clothing and food drives. He has been a co-chair of the Black Lives Matter movement in American Samoa. Reid holds leadership roles in several community organizations, including serving on the Executive Boards of the Leone High School Alumni Association and the American Samoa Tennis Association, where he has been the Secretary since 2023. He is also the President of Pacific Global Citizen, a non-profit organization founded as a graduate student that organizes volunteer community service projects.

## Career

Reid has been actively involved in the American Samoa Democratic Party since 2016. He was the first American Samoan to intern at the Democratic National Headquarters in Washington D.C. in 2009. He has been an American Samoa delegate for Barack Obama in 2012, Hillary Clinton in 2016, Joe Biden in 2020, and a super delegate for Kamala Harris in 2024. In 2020, Reid was the State Director for Michael Bloomberg’s presidential campaign in American Samoa.
He was appointed as the Public Policy Advisor under the Lemanu-Talauega administration in January 2021. In this capacity, Reid manages projects in collaboration with various executive branch departments and agencies. His policy portfolio includes critical issues such as COVID-19 response, healthcare workforce, maternal and child health, climate change and resilience, substance abuse and mental health, and veterans' affairs. Before his current role, Reid served as the Program Coordinator for the American Samoa Department of Commerce from 2017 to 2020, where he was involved in economic development projects and community initiatives. He has also held positions within the Legislature of American Samoa and the State of Hawaii Department of Education.
In 2023, Reid was selected as one of 100 emerging leaders in the United States to participate in the Obama Foundation’s inaugural Leaders USA program. This six-month virtual program is designed to support and connect emerging leaders through a leadership framework inspired by the ideals of President Barack Obama.
In July 2024, Reid, as Chairman of the American Samoa Democratic Party, joined other Democratic leaders in endorsing Vice President Kamala Harris for the 2024 presidential nomination.
# Sovetsky City District, Kazan

Sovetsky City District (Russian: Сове́тский район; Tatar: Сове́т районы́) is a city district of Kazan, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. It occupies the northeastern and eastern parts of Kazan, and is the most populous district of the city. Its area is 167 square kilometers (64 sq mi). Population: 275,514 (2010 Census); 240,374 (2002 Census); 163,676 (1989 Soviet census). The head of the district is Rustem Gafarov.
The district has one of the three largest in the city and the latest among them the time construction (1990s) "sleeping" area Azino (south-eastern part of the area), residential areas along the Siberian tract and Arskii fields Territories microdistricts Tankodrom, Adel Kutuy (in common parlance - Adelka), a large urban-type settlement Derbyshki and several other peripheral settlements, including included in the city of Kazan has recently (in 1998 and 2004) as well as several large industrial enterprises in industrial zones.
The district extends seal of existing and new construction of "sleeping" microdistricts of mass residential development - Kazan - XXI (formerly Takeoff in place of the old airport) Culon-stroy and other. According to the general plan of city development, planned renovation of the residential quarters of industrial zones along the street Guards in south-western part of the district, as well as the newly annexed to the city (in 2004.) Unused areas - development through enterprise, derived from the inner city, industrial area east of Kazankompressormash) and the construction of no less than Azino new "sleeping" area of mass multi-storey buildings Zanoksinskiy-Novoe Azino, Azino-east of the locality Voznesenskoye. Previously, before 1956 the main part of the district was the Molotovskiy district which in 1934 was split from the eastern part of the Bauman district (formed in 1918).
In the district there are:
* 17 industrial enterprises
* 17 building organizations
* 17 enterprises of transport and communication
* 19 research institutes and design bureaus
* 39 schools and 2 schools for young workers
* 7 professional schools
* 5 colleges
* 67 kindergartens
* 33 health care
* more than 130 sports facilities, including a unique stadium "Raketa"

## District leadership

First secretaries of District Party Committee:
* Äsğar Biktahirof (1935-1936)
* Ğärif Xisamof (1936-1937)
* Nikita Klochkov (1937)
* Ğömär Ğäipef [tt] (1937-1938)
* Ivan Palagin (1938-1940)
* Sergey Prokofyev (1940)
* Bronislava Meksina (1941-1948)
* Zinnur Säğdief (1948)
* Klavdiya Kalmykova (1948-1953)
* Xaci Bulatof (1953-1958)
* Ğömär Safin (1958-1963)
* İldar Taşbulatof (1963-1967)
* Vladimir Zamaryanov (1967-1970)
* Ädip Miñdebayıf (1970-1973)
* Anatoliy Shurtygin (1973-1985)
* Räis Gäräyef (1985-1988)
* Kamil İsxaqof (1988-1989)
* Älbirt Kamalief (1989-1990)
* Älbirt Fäxretdinef (1990-1991)
# Chrostowo, Masovian Voivodeship

Chrostowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Troszyn, within Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Troszyn, 16 km (10 mi) south-east of Ostrołęka, and 102 km (63 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Neville Gadsden

Neville Edward Gadsden (23 May 1919 – 17 January 1984) was an Australian athlete. He competed in the men's hammer throw at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Noble Igwe

Noble Igwe (born Noble Chibuzor Igwe ) is a Nigerian blogger, known for launching the entertainment platform 360 Group along with Tonia Soares and Oye Akdeinde.

## Early life

Igwe was born and raised in Aba, Abia State, where he finished his schooling at National High School Aba. He studied at St Augustine's Anglican Seminary Nbawsi; Federal Government College Okigwe and graduated from University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He later attended Pan Africa University.

## Career

In 2009, Igwe started 360Nobs Limited. In April 2010, he launched 360nobs along with Oye Akideinde and Abimbola Soares.

## Personal life

On June 11, 2016, Igwe married Chioma Otisi. They welcomed their first child in January 2017.
# Northshield Rings

Northshield Rings is a prehistoric site, a hillfort near the village of Eddleston and about 6 miles (10 km) north of Peebles, in the Scottish Borders, Scotland. It is a Scheduled Monument.

## Description

The fort, on a rounded hill a short distance south of Portmore Loch, has well-preserved defences. There is an inner rampart, 73 metres (240 ft) north-north-west to south-south-east by 64 metres (210 ft), enclosing an area of 0.35 hectares (0.86 acres). There are two ramparts outside this. There are three entrances, in the north-west, south and south-east. Within the inner enclosure, seven slight depressions have been found, of diameter 6–9 metres (20–30 ft), thought to be the sites of timber round-houses.
The inner rampart rises up to 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in) above the interior, and 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above an external ditch. The outer ramparts are more substantial, with external quarry-ditches, providing a defence up to 20 metres (66 ft) deep. It is thought that there were at least two phases of construction; it has been supposed, since the space between the inner rampart and the outer defences is up to 8 metres (26 ft) wide, which would not be there if defences had been strengthened working outwards, that the outer ramparts were built earlier.