OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ud (cuneiform)

The cuneiform ud sign, also ut, and with numerous other syllabic and Sumerogram uses, is a common sign for the mid 14th-century BC Amarna letters and the Epic of Gilgamesh. The sign is constructed upon the single vertical stroke , with various positionings of two wedge-strokes at the left, sometimes approximately centered, or often inscribed upwards to the left, the second wedge-stroke (or 'angled line-stroke'), occasionally inscribed/ligatured upon the first. The wedge-strokes can have any size, are often smaller than the vertical, but as an example, Amarna letter EA 256, can be almost as large as the vertical.
In the Epic of Gilgamesh, sign ud is listed as used for the following linguistic elements:
   * lah
   * par
   * pir
   * tam
   * tú
   * ud
   * ut
   * uṭ
Sumerograms
   * BABBAR--"silver"
   * UD--"daily", "day", (2nd "daily"-(no. 2))
   * UTU--"sun"
The usage numbers for each linguistic element in the Epic of Gilgamesh are as follows: lah--(2), par--(5), pir--(4), tam--(32), tú--(46), ud--(30), ut--(95), uṭ-(7), BABBAR-(1), UD-(75), UTU-(58).

## Amarna letters usage

In the Amarna letters, mid 1300s BC, letters written to the King (Pharaoh) of Egypt (or an official at the Egyptian court), many letters (numbered up to EA 382, about 300+ actual letters, or partials) are written by 'governors' of city-states in Canaan.
The Canaanite letters are famous for various forms of a prostration formula, following a 'letter Introduction'. The introduction often states accolades such as: "...(of) My-God(s), My Sun-God,....", or continuing, "My Sun, from, Heaven"-(heaven), sa-me. (Akkadian language: $^{an}$UTU-ia UTU-Sa-Me, English: God-Sun-mine, Heaven-Sun-"Sa-Me", for Akkadian heaven, "šamû".) "Sun" is here used as UTU. Numerous Canaanite letters use this; other letters, for example Amarna letter EA 34 titled: The Pharaoh's Reproach Answered, addresses the Pharaoh as being honored "daily", referring to Sun God Ra's daily appearance–as "the sun" itself; Akkadian language 'daily', is "ūmussu", and EA 34 uses UD (day, daily), ud-mi.
# Tai Chih-yuan

Andy Tai Chih-yuan (Chinese: 邰智源; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thai Tì-goân, born 7 May 1965) is a Taiwanese comedian, actor, show host and YouTuber. He is a graduate of New York Institute of Technology.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |
| 2008 | Mahjong King | 麻將至尊王 | Mahjong King | TV film |
| 2012 | Young Dudes | 騷人 | | |
| 2014 | Lion Dancing | 鐵獅玉玲瓏 | chairman | |
| 2016 | Super Express | 超级快递 | | |
| 2017 | Once Again | 二次初恋 | | |

### TV drama

| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |
| 1993 | Justice Pao | 包青天 | | unrelated characters |
| 1994 | The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants | 七俠五義 | Jiang Ping | |
| 1997 | The Strange Cases of Lord Shi | 施公奇案 | Jia Qingtian | |
| 1998 | Legends of Earth God | 土地公傳奇 | Han Qing | |
| 1999 | Old House Has Joy | 老房有喜 | | |
| 1999 | The Mute and the Bride | 啞巴與新娘 | | |
| 2000 | Lucky and Happy Every Year | 吉祥如意年年來 | | |
| 2002 | The Sun Shines on the Back of the Mountain First | 後山日先照 | | |
| 2002 | On Line Hero | 天下無雙 | | |
| 2003 | Ching Lung | 青龍好漢 | | |
| 2004 | Taiwan Tornado | 台灣龍捲風 | Hu Tsan-yung | |
| 2008 | Time Story | 光陰的故事 | Chu Tsan-fu | |
| 2008 | The Legend of Brown Sugar Chivalries | 黑糖群俠傳 | | |
| 2014 | Once Upon a Time in Beitou | 熱海戀歌 | Chi Chang-hao | |
| 2015 | Lady & Liar | 千金女賊 | Lei Batian | |
# Lake Bob Sandlin State Park

Lake Bob Sandlin State Park is a state park in Titus County, Texas managed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The park covers 639.8 acres of land on the northern shore Lake Bob Sandlin about 10 miles southwest of Mount Pleasant.

## History

The land in the area was occupied by the Caddo people until the mid-1800s. Fort Sherman, a Republic of Texas stockade, was established by 1838, and eventually the land was used for farming and ranching by settlers, until it was acquired by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department in 1978.
Lake Bob Sandlin is located on Big Cypress Creek. It was impounded in 1977 with the construction of the Fort Sherman Dam. Lake Bob Sandlin is named after Bob Sandlin, a major proponent of the lake, who was a local businessman, civic leader, and president of Titus County Fresh Water Supply District No. 1. A formal dedication ceremony occurred on June 25, 1978.

## Facilities and activities

The park offers over three miles of hiking and biking trails, a fishing pier and boat ramp, and opportunities for swimming, picnicking, geocaching, kayaking, and other outdoor activities. It also features campgrounds with recreational vehicle hookups, covered shelters, and primitive cabins and tent sites for overnight stays. The historic Fort Sherman Cemetery in located the park.

## Nature
### Animals

The park is located at the intersection of the Piney Woods and Blackland Prairie ecoregions, and thus has a diverse variety of wildlife including white-tailed deer, raccoons, coyotes, gray foxes, fox squirrel, and bobcats. There are at least 188 bird species that have been sighted in the park such as the bald eagle and eastern bluebird, and the lake offers many species of fish, including Florida bass, and channel catfish. A trout pond in the park is stocked with rainbow trout.

### Flora

Plants documented in the park include Hercules club, sassafras, winged elm, sweet gum, eastern red cedar, American elm, white oak, Shumard red oak, coral honeysuckle, devil's walking stick, hackberry, eastern redbud, wild grape, red buckeye, American beautyberry, loblolly pine, red maple, common persimmon, and poison ivy.
# 7th CC.NN. Division "Cirene"

The 7th CC.NN. Division "Cirene" (Italian: 7ª Divisione CC.NN. "Cirene") was an Italian CC.NN. (Blackshirts militia) division raised on 27 April 1936 for the Second Italo-Ethiopian War against Ethiopia and disbanded on 15 September 1936 after the war's end. The name "Cirene" was chosen to commemorate the Roman city of Cyrene (Italian: Cirene) located in the Cyrenaica, where the division was deployed. The division's commander was Lieutenant General Guido Scandolara. The division was deployed in Libya during the war against Abyssinia to threaten the Suez Canal should the British close it to Italian traffic. It was never deployed to Abyssinia, but was considered to take part in the campaign. It actually acted as a local garrison and engaged in various construction projects.

## Organization

Below follows the division's organization during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War and the cities, in which its CC.NN. battalions and companies/batteries were raised.
* 7th CC.NN. Division "Cirene"
** 190th CC.NN. Legion "Pisa", in Pisa
*** Command Company
*** CXC CC.NN. Battalion
*** CCCXLI CC.NN. Battalion, in Caserta
** 196th CC.NN. Legion "Petrarca", in Arezzo
*** Command Company
*** CXCVI CC.NN. Battalion, in Arezzo
*** CCXLV CC.NN. Battalion, in Castellammare di Stabia
** 198th CC.NN. Legion "Maremma", in Grosseto
*** Command Company
*** CXCVIII CC.NN. Battalion, in Grosseto
*** CCXL CC.NN. Battalion, in Salerno
** 219th CC.NN. Legion "Ricciotti", in Frosinone
*** Command Company
*** CCXIX CC.NN. Battalion, in Frosinone
*** CCXLIV CC.NN. Battalion, in Avellino
** 241st CC.NN. Legion "Volturno", in Caserta
*** Command Company
*** CCVII CC.NN. Battalion, in Zadar
*** CCXLI CC.NN. Battalion, in Caserta
** 267th CC.NN. Legion "Etna", in Catania
*** Command Company
*** CCXLVIII CC.NN. Battalion, in Foggia
*** CCLXVII CC.NN. Battalion, in Catania
** 271st CC.NN. Legion "Vespri", in Palermo
*** Command Company
*** CCLXXI CC.NN. Battalion, in Palermo
*** CCLXXVI CC.NN. Battalion, in Cagliari
** 352nd CC.NN. Legion "Acciaiata", in Lecce
*** Command Company
*** CCCLII CC.NN. Battalion, in Lecce
*** CCCLXIII CC.NN. Battalion, in Reggio Calabria
** 7th Motorized Artillery Regiment (Royal Italian Army)
*** Command Unit
*** 3x Artillery groups
*** Ammunition and Supply Unit
** VII Mixed Transport Unit (Royal Italian Army)
** VII Supply Unit (Royal Italian Army)
** 2x CC.NN. replacement battalions
** 180th CC.NN. Machine Gun Company
** 180th CC.NN. Artillery Battery (65/17 infantry support guns)
** 4th Artillery Battery (65/17 infantry support guns, Royal Italian Army)
** 7th Special Engineer Company (Royal Italian Army)
** 7th Medical Section (Royal Italian Army)
** 7th Logistic Section (Royal Italian Army)
** 7th Carabinieri Section
# Asunciónico

Asunciónico is a music festival held in Asunción, Paraguay. The main genres of the festival are rock, pop and EDM, and is held in the month of March.

## Editions

The second edition was going to be held in 2016, artists included Florence and the Machine, Jack Ü, Mumford & Sons and Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds, among others, but it was finally cancelled even though tickets were already sold. The fourth edition was going to be held on March 31 and April 7, 2020, but was finally postponed to the second half of 2020 due to coronavirus pandemic.
The fifth edition scheduled on March 22 and 23 was canceled due to a thunderstorm that made catastrophic consequences on the scenario Espacio Idesa and adjacent areas in Asunción. Miley Cyrus's airplane was struck by lightning and has to land 270 km (168 mi) away from Asunción's airport. Artists like Machine Gun Kelly, LP, among others that were scheduled, perform in places like the hotel they were hosted called (Machine Gun), local pubs of downtown, Asuncion (LP, La Vela Puerca, among others)
| Edition | Year | Date | Venue | Main Artists |
| I | 2015 | March 19, 20 | Jockey Club | Calvin Harris, Jack White, Robert Plant, Skrillex, The Smashing Pumpkins, The Kooks, Foster the People, Kasabian, Interpol, Major Lazer, Bastille, Alt-J, Fitz and the Tantrums, St. Vincent, Kongos |
| I̶I̶ | 2016 | March 17 (Canceled due to logistic problems) | Jockey Club | Florence and the Machine, Jack Ü, Mumford & Sons, Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds, Babasónicos, Marina and The Diamonds |
| II | 2018 | March 20, 21, 27 | Espacio Idesa | Imagine Dragons, The Killers, Gorillaz, Galantis, Kygo, Babasónicos, Turf, Alan Walker, Dillon Francis, Mon Laferte, Yellow Claw, Metronomy, Sofi Tukker, Milky Chance |
| III | 2019 | March 28, April 2 | Espacio Idesa | Arctic Monkeys, Lenny Kravitz, Twenty One Pilots, The 1975, Steve Aoki, Snow Patrol, Interpol, Jorge Drexler, Damas Gratis, Paulo Londra, Zhu, Cuarteto de nos, Armandinho, Kungs, Loud Luxury, Caramelos de Cianuro |
| I̶V̶ | 2020 | March 31, April 7 (Canceled due to COVID-19 pandemic) | Jockey Club | The Strokes, Lana Del Rey, Martin Garrix, Fito Páez, Cage the Elephant, The Lumineers, La Vela Puerca, LP, Vintage Culture, Natiruts, Airbag, Ratones Paranoicos, Jota Quest |
| I̶V̶ | 2022 | March 22, 23 (Canceled due to inclement weather) | Espacio Idesa | Foo Fighters, Miley Cyrus, Doja Cat, Jane's Addiction, Machine Gun Kelly, Justin Quiles, Jhay Cortez, Jota Quest, LP, Nicki Nicole, Él Mató a un Policía Motorizado, Airbag, La Vela Puerca, Los Ángeles de Charly. |
| IV | 2023 | March 21, 22 | Parque Olímpico | Billie Eilish, Twenty One Pilots, Tame Impala, Rosalía, Lil Nas X, Armin Van Buuren, The 1975, Mora, Diego Torres, Gorgon City, Yungblud, John Simmit, Usted Señálemelo, Bándalos Chinos, Louta, Dillom, Benito Cerati, Hot Milk. |
| V | 2024 | March 19, 20, 21 | Parque Olímpico | Blink-182, Feid, Arcade Fire, Limp Bizkit, The Offspring, Trueno, Thirty Seconds to Mars, Jungle, Grupo Frontera, Diplo, Alok, Above & Beyond, Timmy Trumpet, Catupecu Machu, The Driver Era, Dayglow, Saiko. |
# Tomato production in Florida

Florida is the largest producer of fresh-market tomatoes in the United States.

## Season

Harvest is almost year-round, from October to June. The highest temperatures of the summer from July to September end profitable yield and even the heat of June and October limit productivity, such that April to May and November to January are the largest harvests of the year. Federal Crop Insurance for fresh tomatoes specifically excludes insects and diseases.

## Diseases

Tomato Bacterial Spot is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria. Tomato Bacterial Speck is produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Both are economically significant in fresh-market tomato here.

### Treatments

Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) is a plant activator producing systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In a very widely regarded experiment Louws et al., 2001 used ASM to protect fresh tomato cultivation here against Tomato Bacterial Spot and Tomato Bacterial Speck. Over four years they treated with ASM as an alternative to copper bactericide and achieved almost total control with no yield loss. (Some fungicides were required to complement the bacterial control of ASM.) This result is spoken of worldwide when discussing basic plant biology, SAR, induced systemic resistance, the biology of Xanthomonads, and the need for alternative pesticides due to resistance, including phage therapy in agriculture.

## Labor

The Florida tomato industry has historically relied on migrant labor. Exploitation of that labor was widespread with the town of Immokalee, Florida being "known as ground zero for modern day slavery."
# TI-HI

TI-HI, Ti-High, Tie-High, or Ti by Hi is a term often used in the logistics industry.
It refers to the number of boxes/cartons stored on a layer, or tier, (the TI) and the number of layers high that these will be stacked on the pallet (the HI). It can also be used in reference to the stacking pattern used to load a pallet in order to generate a relatively stable stack.
These measurements will usually be asked for following the Cube (cubic feet) of a Master Carton.
Some manufacturers design and stack boxes/cartons on pallets in non-standard Ti-Hi patterns. This stacking pattern does not compute logically to TI-HI applications. Pallets with non-standard Ti-Hi are unconventional.
# Franklin Metcalfe Carpenter

Franklin Metcalfe Carpenter (July 23, 1847 – September 25, 1907) was a farmer and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Wentworth South in the House of Commons of Canada from 1887 to 1896 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Saltfleet Township, Canada West. He served on the council for Saltfleet Township from 1872 to 1874 and was reeve from 1874 to 1883; he also served as warden for Wentworth County. Carpenter was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1878 federal election, losing to Joseph Rymal. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1879 but the election was declared void later that year. In 1880, he married Catherine H. Gardiner. Carpenter was also a major in the militia.

## Electoral record

vte1878 Canadian federal election: Wentworth South :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Joseph Rymal | 1,169 |
| | Unknown | Franklin Metcalfe Carpenter | 1,095 |
vte1887 Canadian federal election: Wentworth South :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | F.M. Carpenter | 1,839 |
| | Liberal | Jas. Russell | 1,663 |
vte1891 Canadian federal election: Wentworth South :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | F.M. Carpenter | 1,773 |
| | Liberal | Jas. T. Middleton | 1,772 |
# Agaronia acuminata

Agaronia acuminata, common name the pointed ancilla, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olividae, the olive snails.

## Subspecies

* Agaronia acuminata acuminata (Lamarck, 1811)
* Agaronia acuminata boavistensis Burnay & Conceicao, 1986

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 30 mm and 80 mm.
The smooth and glossy shell is elongate and fusiform, which means it is spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends. The spire is relatively low, compared with the overall length of the shell. The shell exhibits a range of colors: yellowish, fawn, or ash-gray, and features irregular markings, including zigzags and maculations, or is sometimes faintly nebulous with nearly obsolete markings. The suture may have fasciculations and is often reduced to a row of spots, and in some cases, it is entirely unspotted. The fasciole and fasciolar band are typically yellowish or fawn-colored, occasionally exhibiting faint, close-set, orange-red strigations. The columella is white, while the interior of the long and narrow aperture is also white, with chestnut maculations along the border of the sharp outer lip.

## Distribution

This species has a widespread distribution in tropical and subtropical marine environments. It occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Gabon, Angola and West Africa; also off Costa Rica, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Australia.
It is typically found in shallow waters, from the intertidal zone to depths of about 20 meters,
# Qobád (Shahnameh)

Qobád (Persian: قباد) or Kawād (Persian: کواد) is a mythical and inspiring personality. He is the brother of Qaren who was the ruler of Ray under Nowzar. Qobad was an old man killed in battle with Barman.

## Battle of Old Qobad

Under Nowzar, the Pishdādi dynasty grows weak, and Iran In the Iran-Turan war falls by the Turanian General Afrasiab, who kills Nowzar in battle. Then however, When the Iranian army was in full siege and everyone knew the defeat was certain, Qobad boldly urged the Iranians to uplift. Barman Delaware Turani enters the battlefield and calls on the opponent. Qaren asked one of his troops to go to Barman, but no one except the volunteer Qobad. Qobad did this to persuade the Iranians not to surrender to the enemy.
# Sanjak of Ioannina

The Sanjak of Ioannina (variously also Janina or Yanina, Ottoman Turkish: Sanjak-i Yanya) was a sanjak (second-level province) of the Ottoman Empire whose capital was Ioannina in Epirus.

## Administration

The Sanjak of Ioannina consisted of the following kazas: the central kaza of Ioannina, Aydonat (modern-day Paramythia in Greece), Filat (modern-day Filiates in Greece), Megva (modern-day Metsovo), Leshovik (modern-day Leskovik in Albania), Konice (modern-day Konitsa), Pogon (modern-day Pogon/Pogoni on the present Greek-Albanian border), and Permedi (modern-day Përmet in Albania).
From 1430 to 1670 the sanjak of Janina was part of Rumelia Eyalet. From 1670 to 1787 the Sanjak of Ioannina was part of the Ioannina Eyalet. In 1788 Ali Pasha gained control of Ioannina and merged it with Sanjak of Trikala into the Pashalik of Yanina. Ali Pasha was killed in 1822. In 1834 Mahmood Hamdi pasha was appointed to govern the Sanjak of Delvina, Ioannina and Avlona. In 1867 the Sanjak of Ioannina was merged with Berat, Gjirokastër, Preveza and Kastoria into the Vilayet of Ioannina. Kesriye was later demoted to kaza and bounded to Monastir Vilayet.
During the reign of Bayazid II (1481–1512) the sanjakbey of Ioannina was Dâvud Pasha-zâde Mustafa Bey.
At the elections of 1908 the region elected two representatives for the Ottoman parliament, both of them Greeks: Dimitraki Kingos Efendi and Konstantin Surla Efendi.
The area was occupied by Greek troops during the First Balkan War, and was ceded to Greece in the London peace conference in 1913.

## Demography

From 1520 to 1538, according to the Ottoman census, the Sanjak of Ioannina was populated with 32,097 Christian families and 613 Muslim families.
# Saptoyogo Purnomo

Saptoyogo Purnomo (born 17 September 1998) is an Indonesian Paralympic sprinter. He won a silver medal in the 100 meter T37 event at 2024 Paris Summer Paralympics and a bronze medal in the 100 meter T37 event at 2020 Tokyo Summer Paralympics.
# Newark Castle, Fife

Newark Castle is a ruin located just west of St Monans, on the east coast of Fife, Scotland. The building, built in the 15th century, stands in a dramatic location, overlooking the North Sea. The upper storeys are ruinous, but vaulted cellars survive, hidden from view.

## History

The current building was begun in the 15th century by the Kinloch family. It then passed, through marriage, to the Sandilands of Cruivie, who sold it in 1649 David Leslie. Leslie was a prominent figure in the English and Scottish Civil Wars, becoming Lord Newark after the wars. Following Leslie's death in 1682, the castle passed to the Anstruther family, and finally to the Bairds of Elie.
The castle attracted the attention of Sir William Burrell, the Glasgow shipping magnate and collector of art and antiques, in the late 19th century when Sir Robert Lorimer produced a plan for its restoration. The scheme never went ahead as the owner of the site, a Mr Baird of Elie, refused to sell.
The castle has been known by several names, including Inverie, St Monans and St Monance (the latter being a mediaeval form of the possessive St Monan's). It has been designated by Historic Environment Scotland, together with its associated dovecote, as a scheduled monument.
# Ulagalandha Perumal Temple, Singanallur

Ulagalandha Perumal Temple is a Vaishnavite temple in Singanallur neighbourhood of Coimbatore district in the state of Tamil Nadu in the peninsular India. It is also called as 'Sree Three Vikrama Narayana Swamy temple'. Moolavar is Ulagalandha Perumal. Utsav deity is also Ulagalandha Perumal. Utsav goddesses are Sridevi and Bhoodevi. Viruksha is Vanni tree. Poojas are performed on the basis of Pancharatram Ahama. It was built by Chola Karaikalan, 180 years ago. Moolavar is made up of 'Panchloha' (five metals) and it poses facing north. The utsav deity is also made up of Panchloha. Moolavar is in a standing posture, with his right leg on the ground and his left leg facing the sky. Out of his eight hands, six of them carry different weapons and the other two with the signs that bless the devotees. Renovation works were carried out in the year 2000. In the year 2005, Kumbabhishek was performed for the 7-tiered giant tower.

## Location

Under the control of Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department, with the temple ID TM010002, this temple is located at an altitude of 414 m above the mean sea level.

## Beneficial neighbourhoods

Coimbatore, Singanallur, Vellalore, Ondipudur, Irugur, Peelamedu, Ramanathapuram are some of the important neighbourhoods benefited by this temple.

## Festivals

Brahmotsav, Thiru Ōnam festival, Sri Vāmana Jayanthi, Mārgazhi utsav, Vaikunta Ekādasi, Sri Rāma Navami, Navrātri, Tamil New year day, Special poojas on Purattaasi Saturdays. On Purattaasi 4th Saturdays, Namasong keerthana performed.

## History

During his visit to Karur, pertaining to war, King Chola Karikalan, also visited Vellalore in Coimbatore. Nearer to Vellalore is situated Singanallur which was then visited by him and he planned to construct a temple for the welfare of people of Singanallur. So, was constructed this temple thereafter. These inscriptions are found in the idol of Moolavar.

## Other deities

Apart from Ulagalandha Perumal, Sridevi, Bhoodevi, Mahalakshmi, Ramanujar, Thirumangaiazhwar, Periyazhwar, Nammazhwar, Andal, Prasanna Vinayagar, Jayan and Vijayan are other important deities found in this temple. Chakkarathazhwar and Anjaneyar are found at the entrance in tall, standing postures. Prasanna Vinayagar is facing east and all other deities face north.