OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Irish poor laws

The Irish poor laws were a series of acts of Parliament intended to address social instability due to widespread and persistent poverty in Ireland. While some legislation had been introduced by the pre-Union Parliament of Ireland prior to the Act of Union, the most radical and comprehensive attempt was the Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1838 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 56), closely modelled on the English Poor Law Amendment Act 1834. In England, this replaced Elizabethan era legislation which had no equivalent in Ireland.

## Pre-Union

In 1703, the Irish Parliament passed an act, 2 Anne c. 19 (I), for "Providing the erection of a workhouse and for the maintenance and apprenticing out of foundling children" establishing the House of Industry in Dublin.
By 1771, there were Houses of Industry in every county and by 1833, the total cost was £32,967.

## Post-Union

Until 1838, the use of 'Houses of industry' was on a much smaller scale than in England and Wales.

### Poor law unions

The report of the Royal Commission on the Poorer Classes in Ireland 1833 led to the Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1838 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 56), under which three "poor law commissioners" divided Ireland into poor law unions, in which paupers would receive poor relief (either workhouse or outdoor relief) paid for by a poor rate based on a "poor law valuation". The name "union" was retained from the English "union of parishes" model although the Irish union boundaries diverged greatly from those of the civil parishes. A union was named after the town on which it was centred, where its workhouse was located. Unions were defined as groups of poor law electoral divisions, in turn defined as groups of townlands. Electoral divisions returned members to the board of guardians, with voters who paid higher rates having more votes. During and after the Great Famine, boundaries in the impoverished west were redrawn to create more and smaller union for easier administration. When the Irish General Register Office was established in 1864, each union became a superintendent registrar's district, with groups of electoral divisions forming a dispensary or registrar's district. The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 divided administrative counties into urban and rural districts, with each rural district corresponding to the non-urban portion of a poor law union within the county.

### Emigration

During the Great Famine, workhouses became so overwhelmed that large numbers of paupers were assisted to emigrate. This had the effect of permitting more to enter the workhouse in the hope of escaping starvation and disease. In response, Guardian-assisted emigration was reserved only for those who had received indoor relief for over two years.

## After partition

Following the Partition of Ireland, in the independent Irish Free State, poor law unions and rural districts were abolished in 1925 and the powers of boards of guardians transferred to the county councils' County Boards of Health or County Boards of Public Assistance.
In Northern Ireland, poor law unions survived until the Northern Ireland Health and Social Care Service in 1948.
# Miloš Bursać

Miloš Bursać (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Бурсаћ; born 23 June 1964) is a Serbian retired footballer who played as a striker.

## Club career

Bursać had a breakthrough season with Sutjeska Nikšić in 1985–86, finishing as the league's second-highest scorer with 20 goals.

## International career

Bursać was capped twice for Yugoslavia, making his international debut in a 2–1 home loss to East Germany on 28 September 1985. His last cap for the national team came in a 2–0 away loss against France on 16 November of the same year.

## Honours

Hajduk Split
* Yugoslav Cup: 1983–84, 1986–87
# Lonely Planet (disambiguation)

Lonely Planet is a travel guide book publisher.
Lonely Planet may also refer to:
* Lonely Planet (film), 2024 American romantic drama film
* Lonely Planet (play), two character play
* "Lonely Planet" (song), performed by Dorians representing Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013
* "Lonely Planet", Rachel Platten song on her 2016 album Wildfire
* Lonely Planet or Globe Trekker, travel television series
# Hyde Park High School (South Africa)

Hyde Park High School is a public co-educational secondary school that is in Hyde Park, Johannesburg, South Africa. Although Hyde Park High School is a government school, falling under the Gauteng Department of Education, it offers a matriculation qualification from the IEB (Independent Education Board). This makes Hyde Park High School rather unusual in that it offers the same type of qualification as a private school but retains the status and culture of a government school.

## Current Principal

The current principal of Hyde Park High School is Mrs. M Kallie.

## Academics

The academic subjects being offered each year include:
* Accounting
* Afrikaans
* Art
* Information technology
* CAT(Computer Applications Technology)
* EGD (Engineer & graphic design)
* English
* Geography
* History
* Life orientation
* Life science
* Mathematics
* Mathematical literacy
* Physical science
* isiZulu

## Extracurricular activities

Extracurricular activities at Hyde park:
Summer sports:
* Cricket
* Squash
* Swimming
* Water Polo
* Tennis
Winter sports:
* Athletics
* Cross country
* Soccer
* Hockey
* Rugby
* Squash
* Netball

## Cultural activities

Activities offered:
* Backstage
* Debating
* Drama
* Dramatics - Music
* First Aid
* Interact
* Public speaking
* Sound and lighting
* Valentines Ball
* Winter Ball
Rivals of the school include:
* Fourways High School
* Bryanston High School
* Edenvale High School

## School terms

School terms at Hyde Park are usually 2-2 and a half months long, with four terms a year. Consisting from 190 - 205 school days a year.

## Notable alumni

* Andrew Gordon-Brown (born 1967), rower and school administrator
* Alan Lazar (born 1967), composer and novelist
# Cocinor

Cocinor was a French film production and distribution company based in Paris. Established in 1948 its full name is the Compagnie cinématographique du Nord. It was founded by Ignace Morgenstern out of a former distribution company SEDIF he had previously worked for. The company was later sold to Edmond Tenoudji. The company took over Les Films Marceau and distributed some films under the name Cocinor-Marceau. It also acquired the back catalogue of Charles Delac's old company.
The company established its reputation in the 1950s by releasing a number of commercial hits including comedies. The company also handled films by French New Wave directors from the late 1950s onwards.

## Selected filmography

* The Three Cousins (1947)
* Lost Souvenirs (1950)
* Beautiful Love (1951)
* Duel in Dakar (1951)
* Music in the Head (1951)
* Paris Still Sings (1951)
* The Red Inn (1951)
* Feather in the Wind (1952)
* Forbidden Fruit (1952)
* An Artist with Ladies (1952)
* Desperate Decision (1952)
* It Is Midnight, Doctor Schweitzer (1952)
* The Damned Lovers (1952)
* The Woman with the Orchid (1952)
* The Baker of Valorgue (1953)
* The Most Wanted Man (1953)
* Children of Love (1953)
* The Adventurer of Chad (1953)
* Saluti e baci (1953)
* Royal Affairs in Versailles (1954)
* The Sheep Has Five Legs (1954)
* Yours Truly, Blake (1954)
* Storm (1954)
* Papa, Mama, the Maid and I (1954)
* Les Hussards (1955)
* The Little Rebels (1955)
* Your Turn, Callaghan (1955)
* More Whiskey for Callaghan (1955)
* It Happened in Aden (1956)
* And God Created Woman (1956)
* Honoré de Marseille (1956)
* The Case of Doctor Laurent (1957)
* Three Sailors (1957)
* Police Judiciaire (1958)
* Maxime (1958)
* The Lord's Vineyard (1958)
* Life Together (1958)
* The 400 Blows (1959)
* Hiroshima mon amour (1959)
* Les Scélérats (1960)
* Sergeant X (1960)
* Two Women (1960)
* Rocco and His Brothers (1960)
* Last Year at Marienbad (1961)
* Prey for the Shadows (1961)
* One Night on the Beach (1961)
* The Game of Truth (1961)
* A View from the Bridge (1962)
* The Changing of the Guard (1962)
* The Suitor (1962)
* It's Not My Business (1962)
* Germinal (1963)
* Enough Rope (1963)
* Contempt (1963)
* L'Immortelle (1963)
* Diary of a Chambermaid (1964)
* Gibraltar (1964)
* The Monocle Laughs (1964)
* The Game Is Over (1966)
* The War Is Over (1966)
* Love in the Night (1968)
* Slogan (1969)
* Le Bal du comte d'Orgel (1970)
# Købmagerhus

Købmagerhus is a commercial building situated at the corner of the shopping street Købmagergade and Silkegade in central Copenhagen, Denmark, built in 1898 to a Jugend style design by Chr. Hansen. A plaque on the facade commemorates that Niels Steensen was born on the site. Copenhagen's first gentlemen's club, referred to variously as Fabricius' Club and "the club on Købmagergade", was based in the building.

## Architecture

Jøbmagerhus is a four-storey corner building, with a six-bay-long facade on Købmagergade, a 13-bay-long facade on Silkegade and a chamfered corner bay.The corner bay is crowned by a gabled wall dormer and a tall roof lantern.The facade on Købmagergade is crowned by a demi-circular wall dormer. The facade is on the first floor decorated with painted foliage ornamentation between the tall windows. A plaque on the side that faces Silkegade commemorates that Niels Steensen was born on the site.
# Frank Ross (Scottish politician)

Frank Ross (born 1959) is a Scottish politician who served as Lord Provost of Edinburgh from April 2017 until May 2022. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), he has been a councillor for the Corstorphine/Murrayfield ward in the City of Edinburgh Council since 2012.
Born in London, England, Ross moved to Glasgow before attending school in Edinburgh. He attended the Edinburgh Napier University, earning a BA in Business Studies. He is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. In the 2012 Scottish local elections, he was elected to represent the Corstorphine/Murrayfield ward. Ross served as Deputy Leader of the council before being elected as Lord Provost in April 2017.

## Early life and education

Frank Ross was born in 1959 in London, England. In his early years he moved to Glasgow before attending Leith Academy from 1964 to 1970 and George Watson's College from 1979 to 1975 in Edinburgh. He gained a BA in Business Studies from Napier University and worked as an accountant before becoming an elected representative.

## Political career

Ross was elected as Scottish National Party councillor for the City of Edinburgh Council for the Corstorphine/Murrayfield ward in 2012. He served as Convener of the Economy Committee for three years. He served as Depute Leader of the Council and in April 2017, he became the Edinburgh's 257th Lord Provost and Lord Lieutenant.

## Personal life

Ross lives in Edinburgh with his wife Hanna Ross and their two children. He enjoys bowling, curling, rugby and football, and is a Heart of Midlothian FC supporter. He is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants.
# HPI Groupe

S.A.S. HPI Groupe is a French company established in 1993 which engages in radio broadcasting and is based in Courcouronnes, France.

## History

In 1993, the HPI Groupe is founded by Hervé du Plessix, and since then he is the President of the company. The HPI Groupe owns Évasion FM, a regional radio station broadcasting in the Île-de-France region, of which Du Plessix is also the President since 1991.
At the end of 2010 HPI acquires the radio station Chante France from Pierre Bellanger (CEO of the French radio network Skyrock) with projects to develop the station nationally.
# Earth Rot

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Earth Rot is an album by David Axelrod that released in 1970. The album was recorded with a choir singing from the Book of Isaiah and "Song of the Earth Spirit", a Navajo myth, and an orchestra that included Earl Palmer and Ernie Watts.

## Track listing

All music composed by David Axelrod; "lyrics adapted by Michael T. Axelrod from The Book of Isaiah, The Old Testament and adapted from Song of the Earth Spirit, a Navajo origin legend."

### Side 1

* "The Warnings Part 1" – 2:52
* "The Warnings Part 2" – 4:27
* "The Warnings Part 3" – 5:06
* "The Warnings Part 4" – 3:11

### Side 2

* "The Signs Part 1" – 3:43
* "The Signs Part 2" – 3:43
* "The Signs Part 3" – 2:36
* "The Signs Part 4" – 3:12

## Personnel

* Allen De Rienzo – trumpet
* Frederick Hill – trumpet
* Dick Hyde – trombone
* Richard Leith – trombone
* William E. Green – tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, flute
* Jackie Kelso – tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, flute
* Ernie Watts – tenor saxophone, flute
* Don Randi – piano
* Sonny Anderson – vibraphone
* Gary Coleman – vibraphone
* Dennis Budimir – guitar
* Louis Morell – guitar
* Robert West – bass
* Arthur Wright – bass
* Earl Palmer – drums
* Clark Eran Gassman, Diana Lee, Gerri Engemann, Jacqueline Mae Ellen, Janice Gassman, Jerry Whitman, Jon Joyce, Lewis E. Moreford, Tom Bahler - choir
# Tjeerd Korf

Tjeerd Eize Korf (born 11 May 1983) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a striker.

## Career

Born in Emmeloord, Korf began his career with Flevo Boys. He has also played professionally for FC Zwolle and SBV Excelsior.

## Personal life

His father is ex-player Steven Korf.
# Jeanne Haney

Jeanne Marie Haney (born September 2, 1958), also known by her married name Jeanne Neville, is an American former competitive swimmer who participated in the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec. She competed in the women's 400-meter individual medley. She swam for UCLA from 1976 to 1978. Then transferred to USC and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Dental Hygiene.
# Ashfaq Hussain

Ashfaq Hussain Zaidi, PP, (born 1 January 1951) is a Pakistani Urdu poet and author of more than 10 books of poetry and literary criticism. He is considered at least by one commentator to be an expert on the life and works of Urdu poets Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Ahmad Faraz and also on the Progressive Writers Movement.

## Works
### Authored

* Faiz Ek Jaiza (1977)
* Aitabar (1979)
* That Day Will Dawn (1985)
* Neendar Nal Rishta (1986)
* Hum Ajnabi Hain (1992)
* Faiz Habib e Amberdast (1992)
* Faiz ke Maghrabi Hawaley (1993)
* Faiz shakhsiat aur fun (2006)
* Ahmad Faraz: yadoon ka ek sunehra waraq (2008)
* Aashian Gum Karda (2009)
* Mein Gaya Waqt Nahin Hoon(2010)(Published in India)
* Sheeshoan Ka Masiha (2011)
* Deewar-e-Dabastan Par (2012)
His Urdu poetry has been translated in English and Punjabi.
# Nuvujen Island

Nuvujen Island is an uninhabited Baffin Island offshore island located in the Arctic Archipelago (the capes) in Nunavut's Qikiqtaaluk Region. It lies on the western shore of Cumberland Sound, between Brown Inlet to the northwest and Robert Peel Inlet to the southeast. Aupaluktut Island lies to its south.

## History

In the mid 19th century, approximately 100 Inuit lived on the island according to the journal kept by Mrs. Margaret Penny while she voyaged with her husband, Captain William Penny, aboard the whaler Lady Franklin in this region in 1857/58. The island became an established whaling base at the time. According to Hodge, the Talirpingmiut population dropped to 26 by 1883.
# Nitratireductor kimnyeongensis

Nitratireductor kimnyeongensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacteria from the genus of Nitratireductor which was isolated from the Kimnyeong Beach in Jeju from the Republic of Korea.
# Spring Creek, San Saba County, Texas

Spring Creek is an unincorporated community in San Saba County, in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 20 in 2000.

## History

A post office named Bomar was established here in 1905 and remained in operation until 1914. It was operated in Mrs. W.H. Ledbetter's home and named after her parents, James and Lucinda. Spring Creek had a community center, a church, a cemetery, and one business as of 1984. Its population was 20 in 2000.

## Geography

Spring Creek is located on Farm to Market Road 500, 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Richland Springs in northern San Saba County.

## Education

The first school in Spring Creek opened in either the late 1870s or early 1880s. It was also served by the Cat Claw School in 1949 and joined the San Saba Independent School District.
# 1807, Friedland

1807, Friedland is an oil on canvas painting by the French painter Ernest Meissonier, created in c. 1861–1875. It is held in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York.

## History and description

Meissonier's largest and most ambitious painting depicts one of the greatest victories of Napoleon, which he won over the Russian troops in the Battle of Friedland, on June 14, 1807, during the War of the Fourth Coalition. Napoleon is shown on a white horse with a raised bicorn in his right hand, accompanied by several of his officers, identified as Louis-Alexandre Berthier, Jean-Baptiste Bessières, Géraud Duroc and Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty, while inspecting the triumphant cuirassiers.
Meissonier worked in the painting for fourteen years, from 1861 to 1875. He started by painting the sky and made separate studies for each horse and man, using, among others, wax models. The one used to paint the hussar visible in the front, on the left side of the painting, has survived. The finished work caused a sensation and was widely praised, although there were also many voices of criticism. Among his critics were American novelist Henry James and the painter Édouard Manet, who stated, jokingly, that in the painting "everything looks like it's made of steel... except the cuirasses." The critic Henry Houssaye noted that the painting was fictional, since Napoleon did not review his troops at Friedland.

## Controversy

Brazilian painting Independence or Death (1888), by Pedro Américo, which depicts the Brazilian declaration of independence by Pedro I of Brazil, is very similar to Meissonier's work, to the point it has been claimed to have been plagiarized by the Brazilian painter.
# Andrea Gasparri

Andrea Gasparri (born 28 February 1989) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Club career
### Youth career

Born in Siena, Tuscany, Gasparri started his career at Siena. In 2007, he left for fellow Serie A club Parma. He beaten Eros Corradini to play as a first choice in the "spring" under-20 team. Gasparri also played half of the "spring" game for Siena in 2006–07 season. Gasparri won a shirt number in the first team (No.22) in 2008–09 season, after the left of Luca Bucci, Fabio Virgili, Corradini and Radek Petr. The relegated club signed Gasparri in co-ownership deal in July 2008, for a peppercorn of €500. He was the third keeper, behind Nicola Pavarini and new signing Gianluca Pegolo. In January 2009 Parma signed Paolo Ginestra, made him became the fourth.

### Parma and loans

In 2009, he graduated from the youth team, signing a temporary deal with Giulianova. He was the understudy of Ivan Dazzi. In June 2010 Parma signed Gasparri outright from Siena. In 2010, he left for Giacomense. He only played twice as a backup of Giacomo Poluzzi. In July, he left for Fondi in co-ownership deal, along with Parma team-mate Abel Gigli, youngster Daniele Bernasconi and Domenico Iovinella. Gasparri became the first choice ahead Pasquale Mezzacapo and Alex Danelutti. However Gasparri was injured from round 25 to 28. Coach Ezio Capuano forced to use Mezzacapo instead as well as Allievi U-17 team player De Lucia as backup (1 game).

### Later career

After relegation to Serie D, Gasparri stayed initially at Fondi but joined Eccellenza club Stabbia later during the 2013–14 season, then joining Poggibonsi of Serie D in July 2014.

## International career

Despite not playing any game in Italy U-19 team (he did receive call-up but did not enter the final squad for the 2007 elite round), Gasparri won a call-up to 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He was the backup keeper of Vincenzo Fiorillo, along with Antonio Piccolo. Before that tournament Francesco Rocca also selected Gasparri to 2009 Mediterranean Games to prepare for the World Youth Cup. He did not play any game in either tournament. After the World Youth Cup (and since he left the youth system) he failed to win any call-up.
# USNS Private Joe E. Mann

USNS Private Joe E. Mann (T-AK-253) was a Boulder Victory-class cargo ship acquired in 1950, from the U.S. Army, where she was known as the USAT Private Joe E. Mann.
In 1960, the Navy converted the ship to a Longview-class missile range instrumentation ship and renamed her USNS Richfield (T-AGM-4). Richfield served on the Pacific Missile Range, based out of California, and was placed out of service in 1968.

## Victory ship constructed in California

Private Joe E. Mann (AK–253) was laid down, under U.S. Maritime Commission contract, as Owensboro Victory (MCV hull 719) by the Permanente Metals Corporation, Yard #2, Richmond, California, 12 June 1945; launched 21 July 1945; sponsored by Mrs. Robert A. Nieman; and delivered to the Maritime Commission, thence to Coastwise Lines for operation, 27 August 1945.

## Post-World War II commercial service

A month and a half after delivery, Owensboro Victory departed San Francisco, California, carrying cargo and passengers to occupied Japan. In December, she sailed for the United States, via the Suez Canal, and arrived in Boston, Massachusetts, 7 February 1946.
Shifting to New York City, the following month, she made cargo runs to European ports until returned to the U.S. Maritime Commission in September, for transfer to the Army Transportation Service.

## U.S. Army service

Renamed USAT Private Joe E. Mann, 31 October 1947, she served the Army until she was again returned to the Maritime Commission and simultaneously transferred to the Navy, 7 August 1950.

## U.S. Navy service

Designated T-AK–253, the Victory ship was manned by a civil service crew and operated under Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) as a cargo ship until October 1958.

## Conversion to a missile tracking ship

Then fitted out as a missile range instrumentation ship, she was reassigned by MSTS to the Pacific Missile Range. Private Joe E. Mann served as a telemetry ship for the early Corona surveillance satellite missions (as early as Discoverer 8, November 1959) through the flight of Discoverer 13 (August 1960). Renamed and reclassified USNS Richfield (AGM–4) on 27 November 1960, she operated off the California coast, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force.
Two other ships were reconfigured in to this new class, Longview-class missile range instrumentation ship, Dalton Victory and Longview.

## Final inactivation

Richfield continued her missile tracking until transferred to the Maritime Administration, 21 November 1968, when she was berthed with the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay, Benicia, California.
She was sold for scrapping, 16 March 1976, to Nicolai Joffe, and then withdrawn from the Reserve Fleet and delivered to Nicolai Joffe, 12 April 1976.