OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Girvan–Newman algorithm

The Girvan–Newman algorithm (named after Michelle Girvan and Mark Newman) is a hierarchical method used to detect communities in complex systems.

## Edge betweenness and community structure

The Girvan–Newman algorithm detects communities by progressively removing edges from the original network. The connected components of the remaining network are the communities. Instead of trying to construct a measure that tells us which edges are the most central to communities, the Girvan–Newman algorithm focuses on edges that are most likely "between" communities.
Vertex betweenness is an indicator of highly central nodes in networks. For any node $i$, vertex betweenness is defined as the fraction of shortest paths between pairs of nodes that run through it. It is relevant to models where the network modulates transfer of goods between known start and end points, under the assumption that such transfer seeks the shortest available route.
The Girvan–Newman algorithm extends this definition to the case of edges, defining the "edge betweenness" of an edge as the number of shortest paths between pairs of nodes that run along it. If there is more than one shortest path between a pair of nodes, each path is assigned equal weight such that the total weight of all of the paths is equal to unity. If a network contains communities or groups that are only loosely connected by a few inter-group edges, then all shortest paths between different communities must go along one of these few edges. Thus, the edges connecting communities will have high edge betweenness (at least one of them). By removing these edges, the groups are separated from one another and so the underlying community structure of the network is revealed.
The algorithm's steps for community detection are summarized below
* The betweenness of all existing edges in the network is calculated first.
* The edge(s) with the highest betweenness are removed.
* The betweenness of all edges affected by the removal is recalculated.
* Steps 2 and 3 are repeated until no edges remain.
The fact that the only betweennesses being recalculated are only the ones which are affected by the removal, may lessen the running time of the process' simulation in computers. However, the betweenness centrality must be recalculated with each step, or severe errors occur. The reason is that the network adapts itself to the new conditions set after the edge removal. For instance, if two communities are connected by more than one edge, then there is no guarantee that all of these edges will have high betweenness. According to the method, we know that at least one of them will have, but nothing more than that is known. By recalculating betweennesses after the removal of each edge, it is ensured that at least one of the remaining edges between two communities will always have a high value.
The end result of the Girvan–Newman algorithm is a dendrogram. As the Girvan–Newman algorithm runs, the dendrogram is produced from the top down (i.e. the network splits up into different communities with the successive removal of links). The leaves of the dendrogram are individual nodes.
# Ta Loas

Ta Loas (Khmer: ឃុំតាលាស់) is a khum (commune) of Moung Ruessei District in Battambang Province in north-western Cambodia.

## Villages

* Ma Naok
* Suosdei
* Sdei Stueng
* Stueng Thmei
* Veal
* Voat Chas
* Chong Pralay
* Pralay Sdau
* Tras
# Hierarchical closeness

Hierarchical closeness (HC) is a structural centrality measure used in network theory or graph theory. It is extended from closeness centrality to rank how centrally located a node is in a directed network. While the original closeness centrality of a directed network considers the most important node to be that with the least total distance from all other nodes, hierarchical closeness evaluates the most important node as the one which reaches the most nodes by the shortest paths. The hierarchical closeness explicitly includes information about the range of other nodes that can be affected by the given node. In a directed network $G(V,A)$ where $V$ is the set of nodes and $A$ is the set of interactions, hierarchical closeness of a node $i$ ∈ $V$ called $C_{hc}(i)$ was proposed by Tran and Kwon as follows:
    $C_{hc}(i)=N_{R}(i)+C_{(clo-i)}(i)$
where:
* $N_{R}(i)\in [0,|V|-1]$ is the reachability of a node $i$ defined by $N_{R}(i)=|\{j\in V:\exists$ a path from $i$ to $j\$, and
* $C_{clo}(i)$ is the normalized form of original closeness (Sabidussi, 1966). It can use a variant definition of closeness as follows: $C_{clo-i}(i)={\frac {1}{|V|-1}}\sum _{j\in V\setminus \{i\}}{\frac {1}{d(i,j)}}$ where $d(i,j)$ is the distance of the shortest path, if any, from $i$ to $j$; otherwise, $d(i,j)$ is specified as an infinite value.
In the formula, $N_{R}(i)$ represents the number of nodes in $V$ that can be reachable from $i$. It can also represent the hierarchical position of a node in a directed network. It notes that if $N_{R}(i)=0$, then $C_{hc}(i)=0$ because $C_{(clo-i)}(i)$ is $0$. In cases where $N_{R}(i)>0$, the reachability is a dominant factor because $N_{R}(i)\geq 1$ but $C_{(clo-i)}(i)<1$. In other words, the first term indicates the level of the global hierarchy and the second term presents the level of the local centrality.

## Application

Hierarchical closeness can be used in biological networks to rank the risk of genes to carry diseases.
# Froese

Froese is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Froese (born 1991), Canadian field hockey player
* Allen Froese (born 1976), Canadian Singer and Musician; 2021 Junos nominee
* Bianca Froese-Acquaye (born 1964), German artist, author, painter, and widow of the late Edgar Froese
* Bob Froese (born 1958), Canadian ice hockey player
* Byron Froese (born 1991), Canadian ice hockey player
* Charlotte Froese Fischer (1929-2024), Canadian academic
* Deborah Froese, Canadian Mennonite writer
* Edgar Froese (1944–2015), German musician
* Gayleen Froese (born 1972), Canadian writer and singer-songwriter
* Grover Froese (1916–1982), American baseball umpire
* Jacob Froese (1917–2003), Canadian politician
* Jake Froese (1925–2013), Canadian politician
* Jerome Froese (born 1970), German musician and son of the late Edgar Froese
* Kianz Froese (born 1996), Canadian soccer player
* Rainer Froese (born 1950), German scientist
* Tom Froese (born 1952), Canadian politician
# CD Tedeón

Club Deportivo Tedeón is a Spanish football team based in Navarrete in the autonomous community of La Rioja. Founded in 1947, it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 16.

## Season to season

| Season | Tier | Division | Place |
| 1973–74 | 6 | 3ª Reg. | 9th |
| 1974–75 | 6 | 2ª Reg. | 9th |
| 1975–76 | DNP | DNP | DNP |
| 1976–77 | 6 | 2ª Reg. | 14th |
| 1977–78 | 7 | 2ª Reg. | 7th |
| 1978–79 | 7 | 2ª Reg. | 12th |
| 1979–1987 | DNP | DNP | DNP |
| 1987–88 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 2nd |
| 1988–89 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 10th |
| 1989–90 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 15th |
| 1990–91 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 15th |
| 1991–92 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 7th |
| 1992–93 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 8th |
| 1993–2002 | DNP | DNP | DNP |
| 2002–03 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 9th |
| 2003–04 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 14th |
| 2004–05 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 8th |
| 2005–06 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 9th |
| 2006–07 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 6th |
| 2007–08 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 3rd |
| Season | Tier | Division | Place |
| 2008–09 | 4 | 3ª | 18th |
| 2009–10 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 7th |
| 2010–11 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 1st |
| 2011–12 | 4 | 3ª | 18th |
| 2012–13 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 10th |
| 2013–14 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 5th |
| 2014–15 | 4 | 3ª | 15th |
| 2015–16 | 4 | 3ª | 16th |
| 2016–17 | 4 | 3ª | 13th |
| 2017–18 | 4 | 3ª | 19th |
| 2018–19 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 5th |
| 2019–20 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 3rd |
| 2020–21 | 4 | 3ª | 8th / 5th |
| 2021–22 | 6 | Reg. Pref. | 5th |
| 2022–23 | 6 | Reg. Pref. | 1st |
| 2023–24 | 5 | 3ª Fed. | 16th |
| 2024–25 | 5 | 3ª Fed. | |
* 7 seasons in Tercera División
* 2 seasons in Tercera Federación
# Boldon Community Association F.C.

Boldon Community Association F.C. is an association football club that plays in the Northern Football League. The club was founded as Boldon Villa, joining the Wearside Football League as a founder member in 1892. They were later known as Boldon Villa and Boldon Colliery Welfare. In 1976 the club name was renamed Boldon Community Association. The league title was won in 1953, 1955, 1975 and 1997 They were promoted from the Wearside League to the Northern League in 2021. They made their debut in the Northern Football League in 1–1 draw with Horden Community Welfare.
Goalkeeper Sam Bartram played for the club before joining Charlton Athletic.

## Club History

In 1992, when Boldon CAFC joined the Wearside league, the club gained its century and was presented with a certificate from the FA, and signed by its chief executive, Graham Kelly.
Boldon were one of the founder members of the Wearside League in 1892 as Boldon Star FC, and played for 5 seasons until they resigned in January 1898.
Boldon's next short appearance in the league was for 6 months in the 1939/40 season but resigned at the outbreak of the war. After the war, Boldon re-joined the League in the 1946/47 season. In the following season, 'The Villa' changed their name to Boldon Colliery Welfare FC.
Boldon were crowned champions in 1952/53 and 1954/55. They waited until 1974/75 before repeating this.
1976/77 the club changed name to the current one of Boldon Community Association, and had to wait until 1996/97 to lift the title for the final time.
At the end of the 2016/17 seasoned, the club completed 67 continuous years of service to the wearside league. On the honours front the club have won the Shipowners Charity cup 7 tikes, and the League challenge cup 3 times. In the 2017 season, the club celebrated the 125th anniversary of 'Boldon Star' entering into the inaugural Wearside League of 1892.
In the 2020/21 season, Boldon CAFC topped the Wearside League by 15 points when the season was paused by COVID-19. After a successful appeal to the FA, David Crumbie's team saw Boldon CAFC promoted to the Northern League Division 2 for the 2021/22 season, for the first time in the clubs history.
In the clubs first season in the EBAC Northern League 2, they reached the playoffs, losing in the Semi Finals to Tow Law town by two goals to nil.
In the first half of the 2023/24 season, it was announced head coach David Crumbie, who had coached the side for years would step down. He was replaced by Gary Henry.

## Current squad

* James Lone
* Aaron Williams
* Tino Agostinho
* Desejado Da Silva
* Luke Collins
* Gavin Strong
* Charlie Raby
* Rob Gateshill
* Daniel Male
* Bitong Habila
# Super Crate Box

Super Crate Box is a shoot 'em up and indie game by Vlambeer. It was first released for Microsoft Windows on 22 October 2010, and was followed with ports to Mac OS X on 26 November 2010, to iOS on 4 January 2012, and to PlayStation Vita on 3 October 2012. A Commodore 64 demake of the game was developed by Paul Koller, with music by Mikkel Hastrup, and published by RGCD as Super Bread Box on 22 October 2013.

## Gameplay

Super Crate Box's core gameplay revolves around a 2D map. Enemies continually spawn from the top of the map, and come in three varieties: small, large and flying. A crate is always available in a random location on the map, and picking up a crate gives one of 14 weapons, selected at random. At all times, there is a fire pit at the bottom of the map. If an enemy reaches the bottom of the map and falls into the pit, it will respawn at the top of the map with the same health but moving considerably faster. Contact with an enemy results in immediate death.
The goal of the game is to survive as long as possible by using the different weapons obtained from crates to kill enemies. The number of crates that the player picks up before dying constitutes the score. By attaining certain numbers of crates in the game the player can unlock new weapons, game modes and cosmetic character skins.
There is a leaderboard available on the official website that tracks high scores for the various modes. The game supports joypad controls.

## Development
### Commodore 64 version

In 2012, Super Crate Box was ported to the Commodore 64 home computer by Paul Koller. This conversion became available as a cartridge on 3 October 2013 under the title Super Bread Box. The version features three new and exclusive Commodore 64-themed levels, in addition to the original three, as well as online high score tables, but lacks the SFMT and Ambush modes due to limitations of the hardware.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | (Vita) 80/100 (iOS) 75/100 (NS) 60/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| The A.V. Club | (PC) A− |
| Edge | (iOS) 8/10 |
| Eurogamer | (iOS) 9/10 |
| Gamezebo | (iOS) |
| IGN | (iOS) 6.5/10 |
| MacLife | (iOS) |
| Pocket Gamer | (iOS) |
| Push Square | (Vita) |
| TouchArcade | (iOS) |
| VideoGamer.com | (iOS) 7/10 |
| Digital Spy | (iOS) |
| Metro | (iOS) 7/10 |
The PlayStation Vita and iOS versions received "generally favourable reviews", while the Switch version received "mixed" reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Mike Mason of Push Square said of the Vita version, "it's a twitch platformer-cum-shooter that preys on compulsion", and added, "If you dare to open the box on a lazy day, don't expect to close it again for an hour." Edge said of the iOS version, "The challenge is fierce; as your tally climbs above its previous best, the accompanying exclamation mark is a virtual eyebrow raised in surprise at your achievement." Brad Nicholson of TouchArcade said of the same iOS version, "The hooks are in its constituent parts, which seamlessly blend into a cacophony of arcade action surrounding this pure purpose of play."
# RF antenna ion source

An RF antenna ion source (or radio frequency antenna ion source) is an internal multi-cusp design that can produce a particle beam of about ~30 to 40 mA current. It is used in high energy particle physics and in accelerator laboratories.
Previous RF antennas would penetrate the porcelain enamel coating on the antenna section at high RF power. This problem has been corrected in the development stage with a ten layer coating of titanium dioxide, with approximately 1 mm thick coating.
With the development of the RF antenna ion source, or "non-thermionic ion source," the ion source has an advantage over conventional cold cathodes and hot filament ion sources. The filament continuously burns out over time with a shorter lifespan, requiring venting of the ion source to atmosphere and rebuilding of the ion source.
# Unión Deportiva Canarias

Club Unión Deportiva Canarias (usually called Canarias) was a Venezuelan professional football club founded in 1963, and based in Caracas. The club had one First Division title in the professional era.

## Honours
### National

* Primera División
** Winners (1): 1968
* Copa Venezuela
** Winners (2): 1963, 1968

## Performance in CONMEBOL competitions

* Copa Libertadores: 1 appearance
       1969: First Round
* Copa Ganadores de Copa: 1 appearance
       1970: First Round
# Manley Field House, Syracuse University, April 7, 1972

Manley Field House, Syracuse University, April 7, 1972 is a two-CD live album by the rock group the Allman Brothers Band. As the name suggests, it was recorded at Manley Field House in Syracuse, New York on April 7, 1972. It was released on January 12, 2024.
The Syracuse concert was recorded several months after the death of guitarist Duane Allman. It features the other five original members of the Allman Brothers Band – Gregg Allman on keyboards and vocals, Dickey Betts on guitar, Berry Oakley on bass, and Jai Johanny Johanson and Butch Trucks on drums. Another live album with the same lineup is Macon City Auditorium: 2/11/72.

## Critical reception

In Grateful Web, Gabriel David Barkin wrote, "The Allman Brothers have had a plethora of amazing guitar players in their lineup, mostly two at a time (the latter-day version with Warren Haynes and Derek Trucks was notably delicious), but the Betts-only years had their own magic steeped in the blues maestro’s own blend of Southern comfort.... The way the mics captured Oakley may be the best thing about this recording. His Fender Jazz "Tractor" bass is prominent on every cut."
In Under the Radar, Frank Valish said, "What's striking about this concert is first and foremost the absence of Duane. Betts does a fine job of filling Duane’s shoes, but there is a certain guitar energy found in early ABB performances that is still missing here. But the other thing that stands out... is Oakley. His bass, which is high in the mix, becomes just as much of a star as the band's guitar, keyboards, or vocals on this night."
In Glide Magazine, Doug Collette wrote, "The range and power of their imagination render fresh an otherwise familiar array of covers and originals... Manley Field House Syracuse University April 7, 1972 is thus an essential entry in the ABB discography, and at the same time, an indispensable missing link in the history of the increasingly influential blues-rock ensemble."

## Track listing

Disc 1
* Introduction – 0:41
* "Statesboro Blues" (Will McTell) – 4:27
* "Done Somebody Wrong" (Clarence L. Lewis, Elmore James, Morris Levy) – 3:52
* "Ain't Wastin' Time No More" (Gregg Allman) – 5:12
* "One Way Out" (Elmore James, Marshall Sehorn) – 6:31
* "Stormy Monday (T-Bone Walker) – 8:26
* "You Don't Love Me" (Willie Cobbs) – 15:51
Disc 2
* "In Memory of Elizabeth Reed" (Dickey Betts) – 15:33
* "Midnight Rider" (Gregg Allman, Robert Kim Payne) – 3:04
* "Whipping Post" (Gregg Allman) – 20:37
* "Syracuse Jam" (Gregg Allman, Dickey Betts, Jai Johanny Johanson, Berry Oakley, Butch Trucks) – 5:46
* "Hot 'Lanta" (Gregg Allman, Duane Allman, Dickey Betts, Jai Johanny Johanson, Berry Oakley, Butch Trucks) – 4:51

## Personnel

The Allman Brothers Band
* Gregg Allman – vocals, Hammond B3 organ, piano
* Dickey Betts – lead guitar
* Berry Oakley – bass guitar
* Jaimoe – drums, percussion
* Butch Trucks – drums, tympani
Production
* Produced by the Allman Brothers Band
* Executive producer: Bert Holman
* Project supervision: Kirk West, John Lynskey, Bill Levenson
* Liner notes: Jeff Chard
* Mastering: Jason NeSmith
* Package design: Terry Bradley
# Lost In Radioland

Lost In Radioland is a play written by actor/writer/director Ryan Paul James and actress Denny Siegel. The show opened September 4, 2009 at Theatre 68, and later in July 2010 at The Palisades Theatre.
James worked on Lost In Radioland for nearly five years. The show was produced by Ronnie Marmo, General Hospital.

## Casts

The 2009 showing brought out stars: Anne Jeffreys, Robert Costanzo, Leo Rossi, Sean Hayes, Valerie Harper, Gavin MacLeod, and James Worthy.
The 2009 original cast: Charles Hoyes, Melissa Disney, Katy Jacoby, Katie Zeiner, Kim Kutner, James Maderez, Johnny Soto, Bruce Barker, Virginia Novello, Jesse Mackey, Joe Dalo, James E. Welsh, Clint Tauscher, Ryan Paul James, Shelly Hacco, Kourtney Sontag, Peter Newman, Dan Bender, Hailey Ellen Agnew, Monica Quintanilla, Jeff Post, Denny Siegel.
2010 Cast: Charles Hoyes, Melissa Disney, Katy Jacoby, Katie Zeiner, Bruce Barker, Jesse Mackey, Joe Dalo, James E. Welsh, Clint Tauscher, Dan Bender, Jeff Post, Denny Siegel, Angela Pupello, Jordon Krain, Helaine Cira, Jilon VanOver, Mary Alton, Susan Silvestri, Ashley Adler, Caroline Simone O’Brien, Kim Hamilton.
Producer: Andrew Frew
Lighting and sound: Matt Lonn

## Reviews

Backstage said "This is the kind of threadbare old-fashioned farce that relies on obvious, over-familiar plot lines and clichéd characters."
# Big Bar Lake Provincial Park

Big Bar Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It includes vehicle accessible camping, a boat launch, swimming, angling, and hiking opportunities. There are 46 campsites within the park in two very close campgrounds.
# WAGR S class (1888)

The WAGR S class was a two-member class of 0-6-0WT tank locomotives operated by the Great Southern Railway (GSR) and later Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR).

## History

In August 1888, a Kitson & Co, Leeds built a 0-6-0WT locomotive named Princess entered service on the GSR for use in Albany, it was joined by a second named Duchess on 1 May 1892. Both were included in the December 1896 takeover of the GSR by the WAGR and became the S class, numbered S162 and S163. They were withdrawn in 1915 and 1916 respectively, and later sold to the Commonwealth Government, operating construction trains at the Henderson Naval Base before moving to Canberra in 1923 during the construction of Parliament House.
In 1927 both were sold to NSW Associated Blue Metal Quarries and numbered 1 and 2. The latter was scrapped in 1932 while the former having operated at Prospect Quarry, was scrapped at Bass Point Quarry, Shellharbour in 1938.

## Class list

The numbers, names and periods in service of each member of the class were as follows:
| Builder's number | GSR in service | GSR name | WAGR number | WAGR withdrawn |
| T231 | 1 August 1888 | Princess | 162 | 18 November 1915 |
| T260 | 1 May 1892 | Duchess | 163 | 6 January 1916 |

## Namesakes

The S class designation was reused when the S class locomotives were introduced in 1943. It was reused again in the 1990s when the Westrail S class diesel locomotives entered service.
# Sikandar Sultan

Muhammad Sikandar Sultan (born 1955) is a Pakistani entrepreneur and philanthropist who is the founder and now Chairman of Shan Food Industries.
In 1981, Sultan was the first person to recognize and take advantage of the potential of launching an independent company that produced hygienic, first-rate packaged recipe mixes and plain spices. During this period, he took the traditional Pakistani national heritage of spice mixes and developed it into a food enterprise. By 2014, according to The Economic Times of India, "Sultan is considered the guru of Pakistan's packaged food industry."
Sikandar Sultan identified a gap in the food industry of Pakistan, where ready-made spice mixes were unheard of and selling loose spices was the norm. He took Pakistan’s cultural heritage of spice mixes to create Shan Foods. From thereon, he led Shan Foods to become the second largest packaged spice mixes and packaged food products company in Pakistan, ranked only behind National Foods Limited.
In 2020, he was elected as a council member of the Marketing Association of Pakistan.