OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Large diameter centrifuge

The large diameter centrifuge, or LDC, is any centrifuge extending several meters, which can rotate samples to change their acceleration in space to enhance the effect of gravity. Large diameter centrifuges are used to understand the effect of hyper-gravity (gravitational strengths stronger than that of the Earth) on biological samples, including and not limiting to plants, organs, bacteria, and astronauts (Such as NASA's Human Performance Centrifuge) or non-biological samples to undertake experiments in the field of fluid dynamics, geology, biochemistry and more.

## Description

Frequently, "LDC" is used to refer to the centrifuge at the European Space Agency (ESA)'s campus known as ESTEC (European Space research and TEChnology center). This is an 8-m diameter, four-arm centrifuge covered by a dome, which is available for research. A total of six gondolas, each being able to carry an 80 kg payload, can spin at a maximum of 20 times Earth's gravity, equaling 67 revolutions per minute. Full technical specification are available for free at the ESA website.

## Competition and grants

The European Space Agency (ESA) and UNOOSA lets students compete with a research proposal for the use of the LDC. These competitions are known as the 'Spin Your thesis!'. When the proposal is accepted, they are guided at ESA/ESTEC to use the LDC. Support is given for a variety of different fields including biology, physics and chemistry.
# Abdal-Karim Khan Astrakhani

Abdal-Karim Khan (Persian: عبد الکریم; Tatar: Габделкәри́м хан) was Khan of Astrakhan from 1490 through 1504. For uncertainties and additional information see the second part of List of Astrakhan khans.
Abdal-Karim Khan Astrakhani House of Borjigin (Боржигин) :
| Regnal titles |||
| Preceded byQasim I of Astrakhan | Khan of Astrakan 1490–1504 | Succeeded byQasim II of Astrakhan |
# Sokol Bishanaku

Sokol Bishanaku (born 2 June 1971) is a former Albanian weightlifter who competed at the 1992 Summer Olympic Games, the 1991 Mediterranean Games in Greece, the 1993 Mediterranean Games in France, the 1997 Mediterranean Games in Italy, the 1999 World Weightlifting Championship in Athens, and many other international competitions. He was also a National Representative of Albania at the 2012 Olympic Games in London and the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio.
He set 102 national weightlifting records and was National Champion from 1993–1999. He won numerous medals at international competition.
He has remained involved in sport as a trainer and professor since 2005 and in 2017 was declared the best trainer in Albania. He is now a national coach.
# Dan McCormack (photographer)

Dan McCormack (born January 22, 1944, in Chicago, Illinois) is a photographer and professor at Marist College in New York, where he heads the photography program.

## Work

McCormack has led the Advanced Photography Seminar at the Dutchess County Art Association in Poughkeepsie, New York for over twenty years. He has photographed the nude for over forty years, working in the studio, various indoor settings, and out in the landscape of upstate New York. His book Body Light: Passages in a Relationship, a series of images of his wife Wendy, was published in 1988.
After studying with Aaron Siskind, Joseph Jachna, Arthur Siegel, and Wynn Bullock at the IIT Institute of Design in 1965, Dan McCormack started graduate school in 1968 at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, where he began photographing the nude. At the Art Institute of Chicago he worked with Kenneth Josephson, Barbara Crane and Frank Barsotti. Since then, he has "explored figurative imagery in silver, cyanotype, palladium, and digital prints," while working with "Nimslo, Diana, Holga," and conventional cameras, as well as an office scanner and video camera. In his most recent series, he takes B&W photographs with an oatmeal box pinhole camera, then digitally colorizes them, with the result that the images are "rooted in sixteenth-century optics juxtaposed with twenty-first century digital technology."
Dan McCormack's photographs can be found in a number of textbooks--Light and Lens: Photography in the Digital Age (2007) and Exploring Color Photography (2004)--as well as in the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; the Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona; the Visual Studies Workshop in Rochester, New York; the Ontological Museum in Fort Worth, Texas; the Pinhole Resource in San Lorenzo, New Mexico; and the Ultimate Eye Foundation in San Francisco, California.

## Publications

* Body Light: Passages in a Relationship (McCormack) Mombaccus Press. ISBN 978-0-943556-04-8
* Exploring Color Photography, Fifth Edition: From Film to Pixels. (Hirsch) Focal Press. ISBN 978-0-240-81335-6
* Light and Lens: Photography in the Digital Age (Hirsch) Focal Press. ISBN 0-240-80855-X
* Exploring Color Photography (Hirsch) McGraw-Hill Humanities. ISBN 0-07-240706-9
* Black and White Photography: Manifest Visions (Luciana), Rockport Publishers ISBN 1-56496-647-X
* The Art of Enhanced Photography (Luciana) Rockport Publishers. ISBN 1-84000-195-X
* Tradition and the Unpredictable (Chasanoff) Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. ISBN 0-89090-059-0

## Reviews

* Photography Center of the Capital District, Troy New York
* Wilson Street Gallery (Charles Sturt College, Albury, Australia)
* Art Network News Quarterly: Emerging Artists Series

## Workshops

* Dan McCormack has offered his workshop "Photographing the Nude" at Unison Arts in New Paltz, New York. for over 20 years beginning in July 1993 until the present 2015.
# Caryota urens

Caryota urens is a species of flowering plant in the palm family, native to Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar and Malaysia (perhaps elsewhere in Indo-Malayan region), where they grow in fields and rainforest clearings, it is regarded as introduced in Cambodia. The epithet urens is Latin for "stinging" alluding to the chemicals in the fruit. Common names in English include solitary fishtail palm, kitul palm, toddy palm, wine palm, sago palm and jaggery palm. Its leaf is used as fishing rod after trimming the branches of the leaf and drying. According to Monier-Williams, it is called moha-karin ("delusion maker") in Sanskrit. It is one of the sugar palms.

## Description

Caryota urens species is a solitary-trunked tree that can measure 18 metres (59 feet) in height and up to 30 centimetres (12 inches) wide. Widely spaced leaf-scar rings cover its gray trunk which culminate in a 6 m (20 ft) wide, 6 m tall leaf crown. The bipinnate leaves are triangular in shape, bright to deep green, 3.5 m (11 ft) long, and held on 60 cm (24 in) long petioles. The obdeltoid pinnae are 30 cm long with a pointed edge and a jagged edge.
The 3 m (10 ft) long inflorescences emerge at each leaf node, from top to bottom, producing pendent clusters of white, unisexual flowers. The fruit matures to a round, 1 cm (3⁄8 in) drupe, red in color with one seed. Like all Caryotas, the fruit contains oxalic acid, a skin and membrane irritant. As these plants are monocarpic, the completion of the flower and fruiting process results in the death of the tree.
* Trees
* Unripe fruit

## Uses

The trunk contains a high quantity of starch and a juice can be extracted from the shoots of the flowers. The latter can be boiled into a sugary syrup. The cabbage can be eaten raw or cooked.
This species is called kithul (කිතුල්) in Sri Lanka. It is best known as the source of kithul treacle, a liquid jaggery. The sap of the tree is boiled for many hours until it turns into the thick, dark treacle, unique to Sri Lanka. Kithul treacle is used as a sweetener in both Sri Lankan and Western cooking.
Toddy is extracted from the inflorescence, and is considered somewhat powerful compared to toddy extracted from other palm trees. The pulp of the mature plant is cut, sun dried, and powdered, and is edible. It is sweet in taste. This powder is considered cool and nutritious in Coastal districts of Karnataka. In Sri Lanka, the powder is mixed with coconut milk and cooked to make Kithul Thalapa (කිතුල් තලප).
Elephants are fed both the leaf and the pulp of this plant.
The leaves possess strong fibres and are used for basketry in Cambodia, where the plant is named tunsaè. The heart of the trunk contains a starch similar to sago, as well the trunk can be used for building. The fruit, when its stiff hairs are removed, is pleasant and sweet to eat, and, as elsewhere, the Cambodians cut the stalks to make sugar, which in turn can be made into wine.

## Cultivation

Caryota urens is cultivated as an ornamental tree, and planted in gardens and parks in tropical and sub-tropical climates. It is also used as an interior and houseplant when smaller.
# Ján Koehler

Ján Koehler (died 28 June 1895) was a Polish operatic baritone. Born in Lviv, he studied singing in his native city and in Vienna. He made his professional debut in Lviv in 1845 as Raimunds in Conradin Kreutzer's Der Verschwender. From 1857 to 1872 he was a leading artist at the Teatr Wielki, Warsaw where he notably created the role of Maciej in the world premiere of Stanisław Moniuszko's The Haunted Manor.
He retired from the stage in 1885 and lived in retirement in Lviv until his death there 10 years later.
# Scheduled monuments in Glasgow

A scheduled monument in Scotland is a nationally important archaeological site or monument which is given legal protection by being placed on a list (or "schedule") maintained by Historic Environment Scotland. The aim of scheduling is to preserve the country's most significant sites and monuments as far as possible in the form in which they have been inherited.
The process of scheduling is governed by the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979, which aims "to make provision for the investigation, preservation and recording of matters of archaeological or historical interest". The term "scheduled monument" can apply to the whole range of archaeological sites which have been deliberately constructed by human activity but are not always visible above ground. They range from prehistoric standing stones and burial sites, through Roman remains and medieval structures such as castles and monasteries, to later structures such as industrial sites and buildings constructed for the World Wars. Some buildings or structures which were both scheduled and listed have had their listing designations removed to reduce the duplication.
In 2017 there were 8238 scheduled monuments in Scotland.

## Notable Scheduled Monuments in Glasgow

| Name | Location | Description | Ref No | Image |
| Cathcart Castle | Cathcart | Foundations of 15th-century castle, Linn Park | SM2105 | |
| Crookston Castle | Pollok | Medieval tower with earthworks | SM90085 | |
# Gladys Welge

Gladys Louise Welge (May 23, 1902 – July 27, 1976) was an American violinist and conductor. She was the conductor of the Woman's Symphony Orchestra of Chicago from 1938 to 1940. She was also founder of the Symphony of Oak Park and River Forest, one of the longest-surviving community orchestras in the United States.

## Early life

Gladys Louise Welge was born in Austin, Illinois (near Chicago), the daughter of Friedrich Welge and Friedericke J. Aron Welge. Both of her parents were born in Chicago; her Welge grandparents were from Hannover in Germany. She studied violin with Leon Sametini. Her brother Vernon Welge was a pianist.

## Career

Welge was a performing violinist based in Chicago, "one of the extremely good and altogether agreeable young players of the city". In 1919, Welge opened the Welge School of Music in Chicago, with her brother Vernon. She taught violin there and conducted the school's twenty-piece orchestra.
In 1931, Welge was founder of the Symphony of Oak Park and River Forest, one of the longest-surviving community orchestras in the United States. She was conductor of the Symphony from its founding in 1931 until she retired to Fontana, Wisconsin in 1954.
Welge was a violinist in the Woman's Symphony Orchestra of Chicago, and after conducting summer concerts at Grant Park, succeeded Ebba Sundstrom as the orchestra's conductor from 1938 to 1940. She was admired for her "strikingly forceful, even dynamic conducting", but limited to conducting primarily at rehearsals; male guest conductors took the podium at most of their concerts.
She moved to California by 1963, where she was a music director at a church in Laguna Beach, and conducted the Laguna Hills String Ensemble.

## Personal life

Gladys Welge died in 1976, aged 74 years, in California.
# Bob Beckus

Bob Beckus (June 1, 1920 – October 21, 2003) was an American athlete. He competed in the men's triple jump at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Bianca van den Hoek

Bianca van den Hoek (born 28 July 1976) is a Dutch racing cyclist.
# Kiko (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Calgary Herald | A− |
| Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Entertainment Weekly | B |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| Orlando Sentinel | |
| Q | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| Spin Alternative Record Guide | 8/10 |
| Uncut | 10/10 |
Kiko is the sixth album by the Mexican American rock group Los Lobos. With the exception of La Bamba's 2 million units sold, Kiko sold more units (vinyl, CDs, cassettes) than any other album in their 46 year career of original songs. Roughly 450,000 units were sold worldwide.
A year after the album's release, Los Lobos performed a version of the song "Kiko and the Lavender Moon," as "Elmo and the Lavender Moon," on the PBS series Sesame Street.

## Track listing

All songs written by David Hidalgo and Louie Pérez except where noted.
* "Dream In Blue" – 3:34
* "Wake Up Dolores" – 2:55
* "Angels with Dirty Faces" – 4:02
* "That Train Don't Stop Here" (Cesar Rosas, Leroy Preston) – 3:52
* "Kiko and the Lavender Moon" – 3:35
* "Saint Behind The Glass" – 3:17
* "Reva's House" – 3:04
* "When the Circus Comes" – 3:16
* "Arizona Skies" – 2:45
* "Short Side of Nothing" – 2:57
* "Two Janes" – 3:53
* "Wicked Rain" (Cesar Rosas) – 3:04
* "Whiskey Trail" – 2:41
* "Just a Man" – 3:40
* "Peace" – 3:55
* "Rio de Tenampa" – 1:59

## Personnel

* Steve Berlin - tenor, baritone, and soprano sax, flute, melodica, harmonica, organ, piano, synthesizer, percussion
* David Hidalgo - guitars, accordion, violin, banjo, piano, percussion, vocals
* Conrad Lozano - Fender 5-string jazz bass and 4-string precision bass, Godin fretless bass, guitarron, background vocals
* Louie Pérez - drums, vocals, guitars, percussion
* Cesar Rosas - electric and acoustic guitars, vocals
* Pete Thomas - drums
* Victor Bisetti - drums (15, 16), percussion
* Fermin Herrera - Veracruz harp (6)
* Alex Acuña - percussion
* Gary Mallaber - drums (2)
* Mitchell Froom and his House of Keyboards La Chilapeña brass band

## Charts

| Chart (1992) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 143 |

## 20th Anniversary Edition

In August 2012 Shout! Factory released a 20th Anniversary Edition of the album complete with 5 bonus tracks. Along with the re-issue, a full length concert recorded in 2006 at the House of Blues, San Diego titled Kiko Live was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and CD.
# Physosterna cribripes

Physosterna cribripes, the desert toktokkie or woestyntoktokkie, is a flightless species of desert-dwelling darkling beetle or Tenebrionid found along the West coast of Namibia and Angola. This species has a body length of some 18.4 mm (0.72 in) and a mass of 402 mg (6.20 gr).
Although the family name of Tenebrionidae implies a group preferring dark places, a large number of species from this family, such as this one, are diurnal. In the heat of summer it is active from 9-10 am and again at 4-6 pm, and seeks out well-shaded microhabitats during extreme heat. It is usually found in washes, on gravel plains and in rocky places, often climbing vegetation to feed.
Most darkling species are omnivores, both as adults and larvae, feeding on the detritus of fresh and decaying plant matter, dead insects, and fungi. Larvae are nocturnal, fossorial, and heavily armoured. Several Namibian Tenebrionids, such as Onymacris unguicularis and Onymacris bicolor, have evolved a specialised surface on their elytra, forming minute droplets from the fog which regularly occurs along the coast. Droplets condense by virtue of alternating hydrophobic, wax-coated and hydrophilic, non-waxy regions. When the beetle adopts a head-down stance facing into the fog-laden wind, condensed water drains towards its mouthparts where it is swallowed. Studies on the population density of dune beetles in the Namib Desert have shown that the fog-collecting beetles' numbers are not diminished by periods of low rainfall, whereas other Tenebrionids decline dramatically. The microstructure of the elytra has been copied by cancer researchers so as to control 'spheroid sizes of therapeutic islet cells and mesenchymal stem cells'.

## Etymology

'Physosterna' - swollen or bladder-like sterna
'cribripes' - perforated or sieve-like foot
# Momo Wandel Soumah (footballer)

Momo Wandel Soumah (20 April 1977 – 13 February 2017) was a Guinean professional footballer who played as a forward. He played in 13 matches for the Guinea national football team from 1996 to 1998. He was also named in Guinea's squad for the 1998 African Cup of Nations tournament. Soumah died of a heart attack in 2017 during training to become a professional football referee.
# Le Petit Journal (website)

lepetitjournal.com is a daily French language news website aimed at French expatriates and Francophones outside France. It was launched in 2001 by Hervé Heyraud, and has won several awards.

## Awards

* Prix Michel Colonna d'Istria – GESTE (2005),
* Prix de la Culture nationale de Catalunya (Barcelona, 2008)
* Prix Franco-allemand du journalisme - catégorie Internet (édition Allemagne, 2009
# 2024 Women's TEC Cup

The 2024 Women's TEC Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2024 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, between 7 and 13 October 2024. This year the tournament's prize money was raised to $100,000 and it was moved from August to October.

## Champions
### Singles

* Olga Danilović def. Arantxa Rus, 6–2, 6–0

### Doubles

* Yvonne Cavallé Reimers / Eva Vedder def. Inès Ibbou / Naïma Karamoko, 7–5, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank | Seed |
| ESP | Nuria Párrizas Díaz | 81 | 1 |
| NED | Arantxa Rus | 82 | 2 |
| ARG | María Lourdes Carlé | 86 | 3 |
| SRB | Olga Danilović | 97 | 4 |
| GBR | Sonay Kartal | 101 | 5 |
| SVK | Anna Karolína Schmiedlová | 109 | 6 |
| ESP | Rebeka Masarova | 119 | 7 |
| UKR | Daria Snigur | 124 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of 23 September 2024.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Lucía Cortez Llorca
* Ane Mintegi del Olmo
* Kaitlin Quevedo
* Neus Torner Sensano
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Çağla Büyükakçay
* Alina Charaeva
* Lia Karatancheva
* Andrea Lázaro García
* Petra Marčinko
* María Portillo Ramírez
* Nina Stojanović
* Lavinia Tănăsie
The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* Caroline Werner
# Adela Peña

Adela Peña is an American violinist best known as a founding member of the Eroica Trio.
She was born in New York City and began playing the violin at age 4. In New York, she studied at the Henry Street Music School with violin/viola teacher Rochelle Walton.
She began playing with Erika Nickrenz, the trio pianist, when they were both 9. She has a bachelor's and a master's degree from the Juilliard School of Music, where she won the Mendelssohn Violin Competition. She also won the Washington International Competition.
Peña was the violinist for the Eroica Trio from its founding until 2006, when she left the ensemble. Currently she performs with Orpheus Chamber Orchestra.
# Gregório de Matos

Gregório de Matos e Guerra (December 23, 1636 – November 26, 1696) was a famous Portuguese Baroque poet from Colonial Brazil. Although he wrote many lyrical and religious poems, he was better known for his satirical ones, most of them criticizing the Catholic Church, earning him the nickname "Boca do Inferno" (Hell's Mouth).
He is the patron of the 16th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.

## Biography

Gregório de Matos e Guerra was born in Salvador, Bahia, to Gregório de Matos (a Portuguese nobleman) and Maria da Guerra. He studied at the Jesuit College and travelled to Lisbon in 1652, entering the University of Coimbra, where he completed his law degree in 1661. There he became friends with poet Tomás Pinto Brandão (1664–1743) and married D. Michaella de Andrade, and, two years later, was appointed as a magistrate in Alcácer do Sal. In 1672, he served as solicitor for the city of Bahia to the Portuguese court.
In 1679, he returned to Brazil, as a widower. He was married for a second time in 1691 to Maria dos Povos, but led a rather bohemian life. A malcontent, he criticized everyone and everything: the church, government and all classes of people, from the rich and powerful to the lowly pauper, sparing no race or profession. His irreverent and satiric writings eventually got him into trouble, and Gregório was exiled to Portuguese Angola in 1694, where he contracted a lethal disease. Very ill, he managed to return to Brazil the following year, but he was prohibited from entering Bahia and from distributing his poetry. He instead went to Recife, where he died in 1696.
Tradition says that a few minutes before death, he asked two Catholic priests to come at him and stand each one aside of his body; thus he described himself as "dying between two thieves, like Jesus Christ in his crucifixion". Which is probably unreal, because near to his death, "Gregorio de Matos" expressed guilt and regret regarding his relationship with the Catholic Church. Through his works "Seeking Christ" and "Christ Crucified", where he seeks to demonstrate "the insignificance of man before God", where he perceives, on his part, the clear conscience of sin and the search for forgiveness. In these moments of poignant repentance, Gregory makes explicit his religious knowledge, contrasting the ideas of God and of sin, opposite and, at the same time, complementary: God, although holding the power of condemnation of souls, clearly allows man's hope in save by His forgiveness, by virtue of His infinite mercy and goodness.
His older brother was the painter and orator Eusébio de Matos (1629–1692).

## Works

The works of Gregório de Matos were not published or more well known until the 19th century. This was because of the heavy content of his satires. During his lifetime, his poetry could only be found in private diaries and codices.
The Brazilian Academy of Letters published a collection of his poetry in six volumes:
* Sacra (Holy — volume 1, 1923)
* Lírica (Lyrical — volume 2, 1923)
* Graciosa (Gracious — volume 3, 1930)
* Satírica (Satirical — volumes 4-5, 1930)
* Última (Last — volume 6, 1933)