OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grayson, Saskatchewan

Grayson (2021 population: 185) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Grayson No. 184 and Census Division No. 5.

## History

Grayson incorporated as a village on April 19, 1906. Grayson celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2006.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Grayson had a population of 185 living in 98 of its 112 total private dwellings, a change of -12.3% from its 2016 population of 211. With a land area of 1.79 km$^2$ (0.69 sq mi), it had a population density of 103.4/km$^2$ (267.7/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Grayson recorded a population of 211 living in 101 of its 117 total private dwellings, a 12.8% change from its 2011 population of 184. With a land area of 1.87 km$^2$ (0.72 sq mi), it had a population density of 112.8/km$^2$ (292.2/sq mi) in 2016.

## Economy

Like many small Saskatchewan communities, Grayson was built along a railway which no longer exists. It no longer has a grain elevator, but a few unique businesses and its proximity to Melville allow it to prosper, particularly the meat plant at Ottenbreit's Meats (source of the famous 'Grayson Sausage').
Grayson also possesses a post office, modern grocery/cafe, hardware store, plumbers, tavern, elementary school, village and Rural Municipality offices, business services and computer technical services. There is also a dance hall, and a seniors centre.
# Combined approval voting

Combined approval voting (CAV) is an electoral system where each voter may express approval, disapproval, or indifference toward each candidate. The winner is the candidate with the highest score, which is determined by subtracting the number of approval votes by the number of disapproval votes.
It is a cardinal system and a variant of score voting. It has also been referred to as dis&approval voting or net approval voting.

## Procedure

Ballots contain a list of candidates, with three options next to each: "approve"/"disapprove"/"abstain", "for"/"against"/"neutral", or similar. The ballot warns that blanks for a candidate are scored as "indifferent" votes. Voters express their opinion of each candidate, and the votes are summed, with support = +1 and opposition = −1. The candidate with the largest score is the winner.
It is also possible to use ballots with two options, "approve"/"disapprove" and treat blanks as abstentions.
Unlike approval voting, in which non-approval could mean either disapproval or indifference, CAV allows explicit expression of disapproval, which is hoped to increase turnout, and reduce spoiled/blank ballots and insincere votes for unviable candidates. Some jurisdictions allow a "none of the above" option to express disapproval of all candidates, but ballots that allow disapproval of specific candidates are otherwise rare.

## History

CAV has been independently invented many times. It was originally proposed by Dan Felsenthal in 1989. Alcantud and Laruelle gave it the name "Dis&approval voting" in 2012.

## Properties

As this is mathematically equivalent to 3-level score voting, it shares the same properties. For instance, it is always safe for a voter to approve their honest favorite (the favorite betrayal criterion).
While a (-1, 0, +1) scale is mathematically identical to a (0, 1, 2) scale, there are psychological differences between the two, and the introduction of negative ratings (combined with the change in scoring blanks as middle grades rather than lowest grades) changes the scores that candidates receive in each system. Studies of French voters in 2012 found that, while the highest-rated candidate was the same under either system, and the grades of "exclusive" (polarizing) candidates were relatively unchanged, there were slight increases in the scores of "inclusive" (broadly-liked) candidates, and large increases in the scores of lesser-known candidates.
# Andrea Ferretti (footballer, born 1986)

Andrea Ferretti (born 18 September 1986) is an Italian footballer who plays as a striker for Serie D club Borgo San Donnino.

## Biography

Ferretti joined the youth academy of Italian club Parma at the age of eight before being released in 2005. He was offered a trial at Football League Championship club Cardiff City, after being highly recommended by Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson. After a successful trial and scoring a goal in a pre-season win over Scottish side Hamilton Academical, he was signed on a two-year professional contract.
In August 2006, having yet to start a game or score a goal for the Bluebirds first team, he was loaned out to Football League One club Scunthorpe United for an initial one-month period. He made our substitute appearances or Scunthorpe before returning to his parent club in early September of the same year after his loan came to an end. and heads for Spain On 12 April 2007, Ferretti parted company with Cardiff by mutual consent. His contract was due to expire in June 2007. He joined Cesena in the 2007 pre-season.

### Spezia

On 4 July 2011 Ferretti was signed by Spezia in a 2-year contract.

### Carpi

On 16 January 2012 Ferretti was loaned to Carpi. On 28 August 2012 Ferretti joined Carpi outright.

### Grosseto

On 12 December 2013 he was signed by Grosseto.

### Trapani & FeralpiSalò

In summer 2016 Ferretti was signed by Trapani. On 5 January 2017 he was signed by Lega Pro club FeralpiSalò, wearing number 11 shirt.

### Triestina

On 1 August 2019, he signed a 2-year contract with Triestina. On 17 January 2020, he was loaned by Imolese. On 5 October 2020 his Triestina contract was terminated by mutual consent.
# Andrea Fondelli

Andrea Fondelli (born 27 February 1994) is an Italian professional water polo player. He was part of the Italian team at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where the team won the bronze medal.
# Andrea Guardini

Andrea Guardini (born 12 June 1989) is an Italian former professional cyclist, who rode professionally between 2011 and 2021 for the Farnese Vini–Selle Italia, Astana, UAE Team Emirates, Bardiani–CSF and Giotti Victoria–Savini Due teams.
A sprinter, Guardini currently holds the record for most stage wins at the Tour de Langkawi with twenty-four stage victories; recording five at the 2011 race, six in 2012, one in 2013, two in 2014 and 2018, and four in 2015 and 2016. With 43 career wins, the majority of his victories came in the Tour de Langkawi.

## Major results
### 2007

    4th Road race, UEC European Junior Road Championships

### 2009

    3rd Road race, Mediterranean Games
    3rd Circuito del Porto

### 2010

    1st Stage 3 Girobio

### 2011

    Tour de Langkawi
       1st Points classification
       1st Stages 1, 2, 6, 7 & 10
    Tour of Turkey
       1st Stages 1 & 7
    1st Stage 5 Tour of Qatar
    1st Stage 5 Volta a Portugal
    1st Stage 3 Tour of Slovenia
    1st Stage 5 Giro di Padania

### 2012

    1st Stage 18 Giro d'Italia
    Tour de Langkawi
       1st Points classification
       1st Stages 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 & 10
    Tour of Qinghai Lake
       1st Stages 9, 10 & 12
    3rd Grand Prix de Denain

### 2013

    1st Stage 7 Tour de Langkawi
    4th Scheldeprijs

### 2014

    Tour de Langkawi
       1st Stages 3 & 10
    Danmark Rundt
       1st Stages 2 & 4
    1st Stage 1 Eneco Tour
    8th Scheldeprijs

### 2015

    Tour of Oman
       1st Points classification
       1st Stage 1
    Tour de Langkawi
       1st Stages 1, 2, 4 & 8
    1st Stage 1 Abu Dhabi Tour
    1st Stage 1 World Ports Classic
    2nd Overall Tour de Picardie
       1st Stage 2

### 2016

    Tour de Langkawi
       1st Points classification
       1st Stages 1, 5, 7 & 8
    9th Overall Tour de Picardie

### 2018

    Tour de Langkawi
       1st Points classification
       1st Stages 1 & 8
    1st Stage 4 Tour of Hainan
    8th Giro del Piemonte

### 2019

    1st Stage 3 Istrian Spring Trophy
    1st Stage 10 Tour of Qinghai Lake
    2nd Trofej Umag

### 2020

    Tour of Romania
       1st Stages 1 & 5

### 2021

    3rd Overall Tour of Szeklerland
       1st Stages 1 & 3
    4th Grand Prix Gazipaşa
    4th GP Manavgat

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| Giro d'Italia | DNF | — | — | — | — | — | DNF |
| Tour de France | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career | Did not contest during his career |
| Vuelta a España | — | — | 159 | — | — | — | — |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# Andrea Liverani

Andrea Liverani (born 14 June 1990) is an Italian paralympic shooter who won a bronze medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, in Mixed R4 – 10 m air rifle standing SH2.
He played wheelchair basketball with the Briantea 84 team. He graduated from University of Milan-Bicocca.
In 2014, he joined the Italian Paralympic National Shooting team. He competed at the 2018 World Shooting Para Sport World Cup, and Lima 2021 World Cup, winning a gold medal.
# Pic Chaussy

Pic Chaussy is a mountain of the Vaud Alps, overlooking Les Diablerets to the south. On its northern side lies the Lac Lioson, whilst the Col des Mosses pass flanks its western side. To the east, a ridgeline connects to the peaks of the Châtillon and Le Tarent. Its summit reaches an altitude of 2,351 metres (7,713 ft).
The peak lies on the border between the municipalities of Ormont-Dessous and Ormont-Dessus, both in the Swiss canton of Vaud.

## Skiing

A gondola was built in 1962 from the Mosses pass to the summit, with a stop at the Lake Lioson. The gondola shut down in 1987 and the last infrastructure was brought down in 2009, due to the protests of swiss ecologists that were unhappy about Les Mosses' choice of replacing the older cabin lift.
# Analog device

Analog devices are a combination of both analog machine and analog media that can together measure, record, reproduce, receive or broadcast continuous information, for example, the almost infinite number of grades of transparency, voltage, resistance, rotation, or pressure. In theory, the continuous information in an analog signal has an infinite number of possible values with the only limitation on resolution being the accuracy of the analog device.
Analog media are materials with analog properties, such as photographic film, which are used in analog devices, such as cameras.

## Example devices
### Non-electrical

There are notable non-electrical analog devices, such as some clocks (sundials, water clocks), the astrolabe, slide rules, the governor of a steam engine, the planimeter (a simple device that measures the surface area of a closed shape), Kelvin's mechanical tide predictor, acoustic rangefinders, servomechanisms (e.g. the thermostat), a simple mercury thermometer, a weighing scale, and the speedometer.

### Electrical

The telautograph is an analogue precursor to the modern fax machine. It transmits electrical impulses recorded by potentiometers to stepping motors attached to a pen, thus being able to reproduce a drawing or signature made by the sender at the receiver's station. It was the first such device to transmit drawings to a stationary sheet of paper; previous inventions in Europe used rotating drums to make such transmissions.
An analog synthesizer is a synthesizer that uses analog circuits and analog computer techniques to generate sound electronically.
The analog television encodes television and transports the picture and sound information as an analog signal, that is, by varying the amplitude and/or frequencies of the broadcast signal. All systems preceding digital television, such as NTSC, PAL, and SECAM are analog television systems.
An analog computer is a form of computer that uses electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic phenomena to model the problem being solved. More generally an analog computer uses one kind of physical quantity to represent the behavior of another physical system, or mathematical function. Modeling a real physical system in a computer is called simulation.

## Example processes
### Media

The chemical reactions in photographic film and film stock involve analog processes, with camera as machinery.

## Interfacing the digital and analog worlds

In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter is a circuit for converting a digital signal (usually binary) to an analog signal (current, voltage or electric charge). Digital-to-analog converters are interfaces between the digital world and analog worlds. An analog-to-digital converter is an electronic circuit that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers.
# Angelo Arcidiacono

Angelo Arcidiacono (25 September 1955 – 26 February 2007) was an Italian fencer. He won a silver medal in the team sabre event at the 1976 Summer Olympics and a gold in the same event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Vapor City

Vapor City is the eighth studio album by American music producer Machinedrum, released on September 29, 2013 on the record label Ninja Tune.

## Production

The concept for Vapor City came about through a series of vivid, recurring dreams Stewart had about a fictional city. Each track on the album is meant to explore and define a different district or neighborhood within this world.
Soon after its release, an interactive website was launched allowing fans and subscribers to 'unlock' the various districts of Vapor City, granting them access to exclusive content and unheard music.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 73/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Clash Music | 8/10 |
| MixMag | |
| Resident Advisor | |
Reception to the record was favorable, with many critics responding positively to Stewart's of-the-moment blend of footwork, jungle, and bass influences.
# Christian College of Nursing

Christian College of Nursing (Korean: 기독간호대학교) is a South Korean technical college specialized in training for the nursing profession. The campus is located in the country's southwest, in the metropolitan city of Gwangju. The current president is Myeung-sook Koh. It enrolls about 360 students and is affiliated with the Gwangju Christian Hospital.

## Academics

All of the college's academic offerings are related to nursing.

## History

The college first opened its doors in 1967 as Supia Nursing School (수피아간호학교) with an entering class of 40 students. The college took its present name in 1998.
# Arno Lustiger

Arno Lustiger (May 7, 1924 – May 15, 2012) was a German historian and author of Jewish origin. Lustiger made significant contributions to research and document the history of Jewish resistance under Nazi rule.
He was the father of the author Gila Lustiger and cousin to Jean-Marie Lustiger, archbishop of Paris.

## Life

Lustiger was born and grew up in Będzin in the Polish portion of Upper Silesia. His father, David Lustiger, City Councillor of Będzin, had a company making machines for bread production. In 1939 the company was confiscated by the Nazis, but David Lustiger stayed in the company as a worker. In the beginning of 1943 the Jewish population of Będzin was detained in the Będzin ghetto. The Lustiger family were able to hide in a cellar. In August 1943, the ghetto was closed and the population was deported to the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. A few days later, the family voluntarily went to a camp of forced workers in Annaberg, Silesia, in order to remain together as a family.
However, the family was torn apart. Lustiger was deported to the concentration camp Ottmuth and later to Blechhammer, a subcamp of Auschwitz. Starting from January 21, 1945 Lustiger had to join the death march during the freezing winter towards the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in Lower Silesia, as the Soviet troops were approaching. Only half of the 4.000 inmates survived the death march. Later he was deported to Buchenwald concentration camp and to the Langenstein-Zwieberge concentration camp near Halberstadt. There the expectancy of life was around three or four weeks.
In April 1945 Lustiger escaped during another death march, when the concentration camp was closed due to the approaching American troops. He was rescued by American soldiers and became a uniformed and armed translator of the US Army.
Since the end of the Second World War Lustiger had lived in Frankfurt and had built up a successful company for ladies' fashion. He had written articles about German-Jewish history, the Spanish Civil War, the Jewish resistance and the persecution of Jews by Joseph Stalin. From 2004 to 2006 he was visiting professor at the Fritz-Bauer-Institute in Frankfurt.
On January 27, 2005, Arno Lustiger held a speech in front of the German Bundestag together with Wolf Biermann. On September 10, 2006, his essay (printed in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung) criticised Günter Grass's treatment of his Waffen-SS membership in his latest book.
On May 15, 2012, Lustiger died in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. He was 88.

## Awards

* 1984 – Bundesverdienstkreuz (Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany)
* 1994 – Bundesverdienstkreuz Ist class
* 1999 – Moses Mendelssohn award
* 1999 – Goethe Plaque of the City of Frankfurt
* 2000 – International Brücke award of Görlitz
* 2001 – Heinz-Galinski-prize (shared with Wolf Biermann)
* 2003 – Honorary doctorate of University of Potsdam
* 2007 – Professor of Hessen
* 2009 – Großes Bundesverdienstkreuz (Grand Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany)
# Andrea Vergani

Andrea Vergani (born 15 June 1997) is an Italian swimmer. He competed in the men's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2018 European Aquatics Championships, winning the bronze medal.
# Angelo Pagani

Angelo Pagani (born 4 August 1988 in Mariano Comense) is an Italian former cyclist, who rode professionally between 2011 and 2014, exclusively for the Bardiani–CSF team.

## Major results
### 2005

    3rd Trofeo Emilio Paganessi

### 2006

    2nd Time trial, National Junior Road Championships

### 2007

    2nd Giro del Canavese
    3rd Memorial Davide Fardelli

### 2008

    3rd Giro del Canavese
    7th Memorial Davide Fardelli

### 2009

    2nd Overall Giro della Valle d'Aosta
    7th Giro Valli Aretine
    7th Coppa della Pace
    8th Paris–Roubaix Espoirs

### 2010

    2nd Giro del Belvedere
    3rd Overall Giro delle Regioni
       1st Stage 2

### 2012

    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Giro di Padania
    1st Young rider classification Tour of Austria
    9th Coppa Agostoni

### 2013

    5th Overall Tour de Slovénie
    6th Coppa Agostoni
    8th Overall Tour of Qinghai Lake

### Grand Tour General Classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
| Giro | 97 | — | — |
| Tour | — | — | — |
| Vuelta | — | — | — |
WD = Withdrew; In Progress = IP
# Tour de Mayen

The Tour de Mayen (2,327 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Prealps, located north of Leysin in the canton of Vaud. It lies east of the Tour d'Aï, on the range lying between the lake of Hongrins and the valley of Ormont Dessous and Ormont Dessus.
# Armin Bauer

Armin Bauer (born July 15, 1990 in Bolzano) is an Italian Nordic combined skier who has competed since 2005. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, he finished tenth in the 4 x 5 km team, 21st in the 10 km individual large hill, and 43rd in the 10 km individual large hill events.
At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec, Bauer finished seventh in the 4 x 5 km team, 41st in the 10 km individual large hill, and 49th in the 10 km individual normal hill events.
His best World Cup finish was tenth in a 4 x 5 km team event at Germany in 2009 while his best individual finish was 26th in a 10 km individual large hill event at Norway in 2010.

## Further notable results

* 2007: 3rd, Italian championships of Nordic combined skiing, sprint
* 2008: 2nd, Italian championships of Nordic combined skiing
* 2010:
** 3rd, Italian championships of Nordic combined skiing
** 3rd, Italian championships of Nordic combined skiing, sprint
Bauer speaks German, Italian and Ladin.
# Lyle Mahan

Lyle Mahan (12 February 1881 – 15 May 1966) was an American tennis player in the early 20th century.
Mahan was born in 1881, the third child and only son of Alfred Thayer Mahan (1840–1914), a naval officer and historian, and Ellen Lyle Mahan (maiden name Evans) (1851–1927). Mahan was singles champion of Columbia University in 1902 and graduated from Columbia University that year. He reached the Challenge Round of the 1903 Pennsylvania championships, where he lost to William Clothier, in a match in which "Clothier was at no time pushed, and evidently feeling this, he never attempted to live up to his reputation." At the Nassau invitational event in Glen Cove in 1914, Mahan beat seven times US singles champion William Larned. In 1918, Mahan reached the quarter finals of the US championships, losing in four sets against Ichiya Kumagae. "If Lyle Mahan had stuck closer to the net, he would have given Kumagae a better run for his money", stated The Brooklyn Daily Times. Mahan was a successful attorney and financier.
# Christian Presciutti

Christian Presciutti (born 27 November 1982) is an Italian water polo player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed for the Italy men's national water polo team in the men's event, where Italy won the silver medal.
# Claudio Cucinotta

Claudio Cucinotta (born 22 January 1982) is an Italian cyclist.

## Palmares
### 2007

    National Team Pursuit Champion (with Alessandro De Marchi, Giairo Ermeti and Matteo Montaguti)
    6th Scheldeprijs
    9th Paris–Bruxelles

### 2008

    National Scratch Champion
    1st Stage 1 Tour of Slovenia

### 2010

    1st Stages 3 & 7 Tour of Japan
    8th GP Costa Degli Etruschi
# Claudio Maffei

Claudio Maffei (born 23 December 1999) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie D club Martina.

## Club career

Formed on Bari youth system, Maffei was signed by Pisa in 2018. After, was loaned to Serie C clubs Olbia, Lecco and Pro Sesto.
On 28 July 2021, he joined to Serie C club Fiorenzuola. On 27 January 2022, he was loaned to Viterbese.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 28 August 2021
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Pisa | 2018–19 | Serie C | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Olbia (loan) | 2018–19 | Serie C | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 10 | 1 |
| Lecco (loan) | 2019–20 | Serie C | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Pro Sesto (loan) | 2020–21 | Serie C | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 25 | 0 |
| Fiorenzuola | 2021–22 | Serie C | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 53 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 55 | 1 |
* 1 2 Appearance(s) in Coppa Italia Serie C
# Le Chamossaire

Le Chamossaire is a mountain part of the Alpes Vaudoises, overlooking Villars-sur-Ollon on its south face and Les Ormonts valley on its north face. It is located in the canton of Vaud. The mountain is part of Villars ski area and its summit is easily accessible from Bretaye with the Bex–Villars–Bretaye railway and then a fast chairlift. Located more east is the Petit Chamossaire shoulder accessible via a brand new chairlift.