OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Converted wetland

A converted wetland is one that has been drained, dredged, filled, leveled, or otherwise altered for the production of an agricultural commodity. The definition is part of The Highly Erodible Land Conservation and Wetland Conservation Compliance provisions (Swampbuster) introduced in the 1985 Farm Bill (also known as The Food Security Act of 1985). The provisions aim to reduce soil loss on erosion-prone lands and to protect wetlands for the multiple benefits they provide.

## Description

Under the swampbuster program, converted wetlands are wetlands that were drained or altered to improve agricultural production after December 23, 1985, the date swampbuster was enacted. On lands with this designation, no drainage maintenance and no additional drainage are allowed.
Lands converted before December 23, 1985, are called prior converted wetlands, and alterations to these lands are subject to less stringent requirements. Under swampbuster, there are no restrictions on either drainage maintenance or additional drainage on prior converted wetlands, which are estimated to total more than 50 acres (0.20 km$^2$).
Approximately 48 US states have lost an estimated 53 percent of their original wetlands in the past 200 years. It is estimated that 87 percent of wetland conversions from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s were due to agricultural conversion. The wetland conservation provisions have reduced wetland conversions and have helped preserve the environmental functions of wetlands, such as flood control, sediment control, groundwater recharge, water quality, wildlife habitat, to name a few.
# Fischman

Fischman or Fischmann is an occupational surname for a fisher or fish seller. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adolf Fischmann
* Fernando Fischmann
* Gerald Fischman
* Marian Fischman (1939–2001), American psychologist
* Naḥman Isaac Fischmann (c. 1809–1873), Galician writer
* Robert L. Fischman
* Scott Fischman (born 1980), American poker player
* Sheila Fischman (born 1937), Canadian translator
* Stephen Fischmann
* Suzi Weiss-Fischmann
# Gérard Thiélin

Gérard Thiélin (29 March 1935 – 20 September 2007) was a French professional racing cyclist. He rode in four editions of the Tour de France.
# Marija Petrović (chess player)

Marija Petrović (born 29 August 1953) is a female chess player who has represented both Yugoslavia and Serbia in international chess championships. She represented Yugoslavia in international chess competitions from 1981 to 1992 until the breakup of Yugoslavia and then went on to represent Serbia at the international level from 1992 until her retirement in 2016. She achieved the Woman International Master title in 1981. Marija is also a two time national champion for Yugoslavia in 1983 and 1984 in the Yugoslav Chess Championship. She won her first Yugoslav Chess Championship national title jointly with her fellow counterpart Suzana Maksimović. She also represented Yugoslavia at the Women's World Chess Championship 1988 and took part in two Olympiad events in 1984 and 1990.
# Antonio de Pereda

Antonio de Pereda y Salgado (c. 1611 – January 30, 1678) was a Spanish Baroque-era painter, best known for his still lifes.

## Biography

Pereda was born in Valladolid, the eldest of three brothers from an artistic family. His father, mother and two brothers were all painters. He was educated in Madrid by Pedro de las Cuevas and was taken under the protective wing of the influential Giovanni Battista Crescenzi.
As well as still lifes and religious paintings, Pereda was known for his historical paintings such as the Relief of Genoa (1635), depicting a historical event of the 1620s. This was painted for the Salón de Reinos of the Buen Retiro Palace in Madrid as part of the same series as Velázquez's Surrender of Breda. After Crescenzi's death in 1635, Pereda was expelled from the court and began to take commissions from religious institutions.

## Works

* The Relief of Genoa (El Socorro a Génova), 1634
* Agila, 1635, painted for the collection of series of Gothic kings at the Palacio del Buen Retiro, Museo del Prado.
* Desengaño de la vida, around 1634
* Immaculate (Immaculada), several paintings now at several museums including the Prado (1636 painting), the Museo de Ponce, Puerto Rico (1654 painting), Hospital de la Venerable Orden Tercera in Madrid (1657 painting), Lyon, Budapest, etc.
* Annunciation, 1637, Prado
* Los desposorios de la Virgen con San José, 1640
* San Jerónimo penitente and San Pedro liberado por el ángel, 1643, Prado.
* Profesión de la infanta Margarita con San Agustín y la Virgen en gloria, 1650, Convento de la Encarnación, Madrid.
* Curación de Tobías, Barnard Castle, Bowes Museum, 1652.
* San José (Saint Joseph), Madrid, Royal Palace, 1654.
* El Salvador, 1655, now at the Capilla del Cristo and at San Ginés church, Madrid.
* Santo Domingo en Soriano (St. Dominic in Soriano), 1655, Museo Cerralbo.
* Elías y los profetas de Baal (Elijah and the Prophets of Baal), 1659, Madrid, parroquia del Carmen y San Luis
* The Sacrifice of Isaac, Dallas Museum of Art
* San Francisco de Asís en la Porciúncula (St. Francis of Assisi and the Porziuncola), 1664, Museo de Valladolid.
* San Jerónimo y la visión del Juicio Final, 1668, private collection.
* San Guillermo de Aquitania (St. William of Aquitaine), 1672, Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.
* Several paintings of Bodegón including the Museo d'Arte Antiga, Lisbon, Helsinki (bodegón de frutas y bodegón de cocina) and The Pushkin Museum, Moscow (bodegón de legumbres, 1651).
* Vanitas, (versions at the Uffizi, Florence, where it has been attributed to Juan de Valdés Leal, and at the Museum of Fine Arts, Zaragoza), without date or signature, possibly corresponding to his final stage
* The Knight's Dream (El sueño del caballero), Museo de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
* Canticle of Saint Simon, Musée Condé, Chantilly
* Saint Peter Repentant (San Pedro arrepentido), Museo de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.

## Gallery

* Antonio de Pereda's works
* The Knight's Dream
* Still Life with an Ebony Chest
* St Anthony of Padua with Christ Child
* St William of Gellone
* St Anthony of Padua
* The Immaculate Conception
# Murray Cardiff

Murray Cardiff (10 June 1934 – 31 October 2013) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Grey Township, Ontario and was a farmer by career.
He represented the Ontario riding of Huron—Bruce where he was first elected in the 1980 federal election. He won re-election in the 1984 and 1988 federal elections, therefore becoming a member in the 32nd, 33rd and 34th Canadian Parliaments.
Cardiff left federal politics after his defeat in the 1993 federal election to Paul Steckle of the Liberal party. He died in hospital at Listowel, Ontario on 31 October 2013.
He is the grandson of former member of parliament Elston Cardiff, who represented Huron-North and later Huron.

## Electoral record (partial)

vte1993 Canadian federal election: Huron—Bruce :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Liberal | Paul Steckle | 21,845 | 44.11 | – | $38,357 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Murray Cardiff | 13,852 | 27.97 | | $43,681a |
| | Reform | Len Lobb | 10,464 | 21.13 | | $35,469 |
| | New Democratic | Tony McQuail | 2,064 | 4.17 | | $16,652 |
| | Christian Heritage | Henry Zekveld | 782 | 1.58 | | $2,364 |
| | Libertarian | Allan Dettweiler | 272 | 0.55 | | $0 |
| | Natural Law | Rick Alexander | 243 | 0.49 | | $0 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 49,522 | 100.00 | – | $57,202 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 307 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 49,829 | 72.52 |
| Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | 68,712 |
| a Does not include unpaid claims. |||||||
| Source: Thirty-fifth General Election, 1993: official voting results, published by the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada. Financial figures taken from official contributions and expenses provided by Elections Canada. |||||||
# A Woman There Was

A Woman There Was is a 1919 American silent South Seas drama film directed by J. Gordon Edwards and starring Theda Bara. The film is based on the short story "Creation's Tears", by George James Hopkins (under the name "Neje Hopkins"). Bara portrays Zara, the daughter of a South Seas island tribal chief, who falls in love with a missionary and is killed after helping him escape.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Zara (Bara), daughter of tribal chief Majah (Ardizoni), is beloved by Pulke (Elliott), a pearl diver. When New England missionary Winthrop Stark (Davidson) arrives, Zara has no time for Pulke but offers her love to Stark, who refuses her as he expects to wed a girl back home. Pulke, jealous of the missionary, attempts to kill him with a spear but Zara shield him at risk to her life. When a typhoon hits the natives, to appease the gods, decide to offer Stark as a sacrifice, but again Zara saves him by offering herself in his place. She plunges into the ocean but is saved by the missionary before she drowns. As a result of his exertions, Stark lingers near death. Zara steals the sacred black pearl from the tomb of her father, who died during the storm, and with it Stark recovers. The natives stab Zara for taking the pearl, and once more she saves Stark, though dying herself, by returning the black pearl as payment for his safety.

## Cast

* Theda Bara - Princess Zara
* William B. Davidson - Rev. Winthrop Stark
* Robert Elliott - Pulke
* Claude Payton - High Priest
* John Ardizoni - Majah

## Production

A Woman There Was was filmed in Miami Beach, Florida, which at that time was often used as a substitute locale in South Seas films.

## Reception

Compared to her earlier films, A Woman There Was was a commercial flop. Prior Fox films had typecast Bara as a vamp, and the public would not accept Bara in a non-vamp role in films such as A Woman There Was.

## Preservation status

The studio prints of Bara's films were destroyed along with the rest of Fox's silent films in the 1937 Fox vault fire. With no copies of the film in any private collections or archives, A Woman There Was is now considered to be a lost film.
# Henri Caron

Henri Caron (2 July 1924 – 29 April 2002) was a French racewalker. He competed in the men's 50 kilometres walk at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# HMS Ardrossan (J131)

HMS Ardrossan was a Bangor-class minesweepers built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War.

## Design and description

The Bangor class was designed as a small minesweeper that could be easily built in large numbers by civilian shipyards; as steam turbines were difficult to manufacture, the ships were designed to accept a wide variety of engines. Ardrossan displaced 656 long tons (667 t) at standard load and 820 long tons (830 t) at deep load. The ship had an overall length of 174 feet (53.0 m), a beam of 28 feet 6 inches (8.7 m) and a draught of 10 feet 3 inches (3.1 m). The ship's complement consisted of 60 officers and ratings.
She was powered by two Metrovick-Curtis geared steam turbines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by two Admiralty three-drum boilers. The engines produced a total of 2,000 shaft horsepower (1,500 kW) and gave a maximum speed of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph). Ardrossan carried a maximum of 160 long tons (163 t) of fuel oil that gave her a range of 2,800 nautical miles (5,200 km; 3,200 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).
The turbine-powered Bangors were armed with a 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft gun and a single QF 2-pounder (4 cm) AA gun. In some ships the 2-pounder was replaced a single or twin 20 mm Oerlikon AA gun, while most ships were fitted with four additional single Oerlikon mounts over the course of the war. For escort work, her minesweeping gear could be exchanged for around 40 depth charges.

## Construction and career

Ardrossan was built by Blyth Shipbuilding Company, at Blyth, Northumberland and launched on 22 July 1941. Thus far she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy named after the Scottish town of Ardrossan. She had a relatively quiet wartime career and was sold on 1 January 1948 for breaking up. She arrived at the breaker's yard at Thornaby-on-Tees on 19 August 1948.
# Aulopsammiidae

Aulopsammiidae is a family of coral in the order Scleralcyonacea. It is characterized by a crystalline aragonite skeleton formed by stolons and calices, cylindrical calices with secondary lateral calices, and fully retractable polyps with an exoskeleton formed of calcite capstans and crosses.

## Genera

* Epiphaxum Lonsdale, 1850
# Anton Weselak

Anton Bernard Weselak (11 February 1918 – 17 January 1989) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. Weselak was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Beausejour, Manitoba and became a lawyer after studies at the Manitoba Law School.
Weselak began a legal practice in Beausejour after his Call to the Bar in 1948. He was first elected to Parliament at the Springfield riding in the 1953 general election. After serving only one term, the 22nd Canadian Parliament, he was defeated by Jake Schulz of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in the 1957 election. Weselak made a further attempt to win back the seat in the 1958 election but lost to Val Yacula who unseated Schulz. When Yacula died shortly after that victory, Weselak was again unsuccessful in a December 1958 by-election campaign.
During the 1956 Suez Crisis, Weselak was part of Lester B. Pearson's delegation to the United Nations. Pearson was then External Affairs minister under the Louis St. Laurent government, and his efforts led to the formation of United Nations peacekeeping force which defused a full-scale Middle Eastern war.
In the years before his retirement in 1985, Weselak was a Toronto-based immigration appeal court judge. He died on 17 January 1989 and his funeral was in Trenton, Ontario.
# Xubida circumvagans

Xubida circumvagans is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1922. It is found in Mexico.
# Pat Cameron

Alan John Patrick ("Pat") Cameron (23 September 1895 – 3 January 1982) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Brandon, Manitoba and became a barrister and lawyer by career.
He was first elected at the High Park riding in the 1949 general election, after two unsuccessful attempts to win the riding in the 1940 and 1945 elections. Cameron was re-elected at High Park for a second term in the 1953, but defeated in the 1957 election by John Kucherepa of the Progressive Conservative party.
After another defeat to Kucherepa in the 1958 election, Cameron regained his High Park Parliamentary seat in 1962 and was re-elected in 1963 and 1965. After completing his final term, the 27th Canadian Parliament, Cameron left federal office and did not campaign in any further national elections.
A neighbour discovered the bodies of both Cameron and his wife Beatrice at their Etobicoke apartment on 3 January 1982. Metro Toronto Police indicated they both died early that day of natural causes.
# Bustanil Arifin

Bustanil Arifin (10 October 1925 – 13 February 2011) was an Indonesian politician. He once held the posts of Head of the Logistics Department and Minister of Cooperation in Indonesia.
Arifin received a bachelor's degree in law from Padjadjaran University. He was married to R.A. Suhardani.
# Xylota confusa

Xylota confusa , (Shannon, 1926), the Confusing Leafwalker , is an uncommon species of syrphid fly observed across Northern North America. Syrphid flies are also known as Hover Flies or Flower Flies because the adults are frequently found hovering around flowers from which they feed on nectar and pollen. Adults are 9.3–12.6 mm (0.37–0.50 in) long. The larvae of this genus live under bark in sap runs.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.
# Thomas Gilman (miner)

Thomas Gilman (1830–1911), nicknamed Uncle Tom Gilman, was an American freedman, miner, farmer, and businessperson. He was an enslaved African American who self–purchased his freedom from mining during the mid-19th-century, and notably contributed to African American history in California.

## Biography

Thomas Gilman was Black and born enslaved in 1830, in Tennessee, U.S.. He was owned and enslaved by Joseph B. Gilman of Greene County, Tennessee. Thomas was brought to California by his enslaver in 1850, during the California gold rush in order to work in the mines in Dragoon Gulch. After two years of mining, he was able to purchase his freedom, however Joseph B. Gilman tried to continuously delay the purchase of freedom, until the self–purchase was recorded by the state court on August 1852.
Gilman spent the remainder of his life in Tuolumne County in his small cabin located on the Sonora–Shaws Flat Road, mining, and farming. He never learned to read or write. When he reached an age in which he could no longer farm, his local friends supported him. Not all freedman in California were able to live such long, and peaceful lives.
Gilman died at age 85 on December 15, 1911, in Shaw's Flat, and he is buried at the Shaw's Flat Cemetery.

## Legacy

The California State Library holds the Thomas Gilman Papers, 1853–1907. "Uncle Toms Drive" in Sonora, California was named in his honor.
# Henri Delerue

Henri Delerue (14 November 1939 – 9 January 2016) is a French racewalker. He competed at the 1960, 1964 and the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Anoka (YTB-810)

Anoka (YTB-810) was a United States Navy Natick-class large harbor tug named for Anoka, Minnesota.

## Construction

The contract for Anoka was awarded 22 June 1970. She was laid down on 5 October 1970 at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, by Peterson Builders and launched 15 April 1971.

## Operational history

Anoka was assigned to the 5th Naval District and based at Norfolk, Virginia. She spent her entire Navy career operating as a harbor tug in the lower reaches of the Chesapeake Bay and the estuaries that feed the lower bay.
Stricken from the Navy List 13 March 2001, ex-Anoka was sold by the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS), 20 November 2001, to McAllister Towing, renamed Missy McAllister.
# Roger Tobler

Roger Tobler (born 23 June 1973) is a South African rower. He competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Pointe de Bellevue

The Pointe de Bellevue (French pronunciation:) is a mountain in the Chablais Alps, overlooking Monthey in Valais. It is located in the northern foothills, which are separated from the Dents du Midi by the Val d'Illiez and Pas de Morgins
# Graeme Tomlinson

Graeme Murdoch Tomlinson (born 10 December 1975) is an English former footballer who played as a forward.
Tomlinson notably played for Manchester United and Wimbledon whilst both were Premier League sides but appearances for both teams only came in cup competitions. He spent most of his career in the Football League with Bradford City, Luton Town, AFC Bournemouth, Millwall, Macclesfield Town and Exeter City. He also played semi-professionally at non-league level for Stevenage Borough, Kingstonian, Bedford Town, St Albans City, Stotfold and Dunstable Town.

## Career

Born in Watford, Tomlinson began his career in the Football League for Bradford City, scoring six goals in 17 Division Two games, before joining Manchester United for £100,000 in the summer of 1994. His only first team appearance for United came in October 1994, when he came on as a substitute in a League Cup second round tie against Port Vale at Old Trafford, although he would remain at the club until the end of his four-year contract.
He had a brief loan spell at Wimbledon in 1995, featuring in their makeshift squad for the 1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup along with fellow United players Michael Appleton and John O'Kane, and then returned to Old Trafford to play in the reserve team.
He was loaned to Luton Town in March 1996, but suffered a compound leg fracture in a Division One fixture against Port Vale, and was out of action for the next year. On regaining his fitness, he had loan spells with AFC Bournemouth and Millwall, and left Old Trafford when his contract expired in the summer of 1998.
He then joined Macclesfield Town and then played for Exeter City. He scored 20 goals in 136 appearances. After a brief trial with back at Bradford City, he later played non-league football for Stevenage Borough, Kingstonian, Bedford Town, St Albans City, Stotfold and Dunstable Town.

## Personal life

Tomlinson later obtained his coaching badges, alongside pursuing other business ventures and owning property.
# Xiong Dezhi

Xiong Dezhi (born 29 April 1988) is a Paralympian athlete from China competing mainly in T38 classification sprint events. Xiong represented her country at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, where she a silver as part of the women's 4 × 100 m relay (T35–38). She also competed in the 100m and 200m (T38) sprint events, just finishing outside the medals in fourth position in both.

## Personal history

Xiong was born in Yunnan, China in 1988. She has cerebral palsy.
# Beeckestijn

Beeckestijn is a historical buitenplaats (summer house) dating from the 18th century in a park by the same name in Velsen-Zuid, Netherlands.

## History

The Beeckestijn site was a buitenplaats in the 15th and 16th centuries before the current English-style garden was designed in the 18th century. The house and the accompanying gardens are listed for varying reasons in the National register of monuments. The original design of the current garden plan from 1772 was preserved in an engraving by the landscape designer Johann Georg Michael (1738-1800), who also designed the neighboring park Waterland. He was assisted by the painter and designer Johann Heinrich Müntz. They were commissioned by the owner Jacob Boreel who had visited England and wished for a garden in the style of Stowe, Kewe Gardens and Wimpole. The gardens were partially redesigned in 1936 by the landscape designer Leonard Springer (1855-1940). Throughout the park are three bunkers from World War II that were sunk after the war by pumping the sand beneath them away. One of these bunkers is below the shell pond near the rear of the house.
The house had various owners until being bought by the Trip family in the 17th century. Jan Trip the younger expanded the house to its present state in 1716-1721. The main building seen today has a sculpture on the facade and some stuccos within by Ignatius van Logteren (1685-1732). The house was occupied as a residence until 1924 when it fell into disuse. In 1939 it was used by a Dutch regiment who caused a lot of damage, and in 1941 it was occupied by German infantry. In 1942 the three Atlantikwall bunkers were built in the garden. After the war the house was occupied by Canadians before becoming the property of Jonkvrouwe Agnes Cremer-Boreel who sold it to Velsen. The restoration was completed in 1969 and the property opened as a museum, with a yearly garden festival and a yearly pop festival taking place there.
In 2006 the museum with rooms in the style of the owner Jacob Boreel was closed. The property now belongs to the Vereniging Hendrick de Keyser, which restores and manages other heritage sites in the area. Beeckestijn is due to reopen as a museum of landscape, due to its importance as a relic of Dutch garden history, as well as its role in the nearby water management history (the house was originally on the Wijkermeer).
# Tiacellia

Tiacellia is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. It contains only one species, Tiacellia tiacellia, which is found on Aru.