OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Venus Pencils

Venus Pencils were a brand name of pencils made by the American Lead Pencil Company beginning in 1905. The production of Venus pencils gave the company an early start in the manufacture of high-quality pencils marketed to artists and architects. Venus pencils became even more popular after the First World War, which had interrupted the supply of pencil from German companies. In high school many people who used Venus brand pencils saw their slogan "Venus Beats All " which oddly was a reference to the ancient Roman dice game in which the "Venus Roll" was the best possible roll.

## Varieties

Venus Pencils were produced in a total of seventeen degrees under the categories of very soft, soft, medium, hard, and very hard. They were made with no eraser, a tip and eraser, or an oversized tip and eraser.

## Name changes

In 1956, the American Lead Pencil Company officially changed its name to the Venus Pen and Pencil Corporation. A number of acquisitions followed, and in 1967, the company name was changed to Venus-Esterbrook. In 1973, the company was acquired by Faber-Castell.
# Holmberg 15A

Holmberg 15A (abbreviated to Holm 15A) is a supergiant elliptical galaxy and the central dominant galaxy of the Abell 85 galaxy cluster in the constellation Cetus, about 700 million light-years from Earth. It was discovered c. 1937 by Erik Holmberg. It became well known when it was reported to have the largest core ever observed in a galaxy, spanning some 15,000 light years, however this was subsequently refuted.

## Supermassive black hole

It has been postulated that the primary component of the galactic core is a supermassive black hole with a mass of 40 billion solar masses (M$_☉$), although no direct measurement has yet been made. Previous estimates by Lauer et al. have jointed a mass value as high as 310 billion M$_☉$ using the gamma ray point break radius method. Kormendy and Bender gave a value of 260 billion M$_☉$ in a 2009 paper. Lower estimates were given by Kormendy and Ho et al. in 2013 at 2.1 and 9.2 billion M$_☉$. The paper by Lopez-Cruz et al. stated: "Therefore, we conservatively suggest that Holm 15A hosts an SMBH with a mass of ~1×10$^{10}$ M$_☉$." Kormendy and Ho et al derived these equations using the M–sigma relation and the size of the outer bulge of the galaxy, which are indirect estimates. Rusli et al derived a value of 170 billion M$_☉$ using break radius methodology. In addition, Abell 85 has its velocity dispersion of dark matter halo at ~750 km/s, which could be explained only by a black hole with a mass greater than 150 billion M$_☉$, although Kormendy and Ho et al stated that "dark matter halos are scale-free, and the SMBH-dark matter coevolution is independent from the effects of baryons". This makes it one of the most massive black holes ever discovered, with it being classified as an ultramassive black hole.
# Chandrahas Chaupal

Chandrahas Chaupal is an Indian politician from Bihar and a Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Sri Chaupal won the Singheshwar Assembly constituency on the RJD ticket in the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. He defeated Dr. Ramesh Rishidev, a former Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe Welfare minister of Bihar from Janta Dal United in his first attempt. He was also appointed Shunykal Sabhapati.

## Personal life

He is a resident of Raibhid village of Shankarpur Block in Madhepura District, Bihar. He belongs to the Chaupal baniya community. His father Baldev Chaupal is a retired school teacher. Sri Chaupal has done Intermediate in 1993 from Saharsa college, now named M.L.T College, Saharsa.

## Social life

Shri Chandrahas Chaupal was connected with social work for 20 years. He has represented his Panchayat earlier by winning in Panchayat Election.
# 2014–15 Asseco Resovia Rzeszów season

Asseco Resovia Rzeszów 2014–2015 season is the 2014/2015 volleyball season for Polish professional volleyball club Asseco Resovia Rzeszów.
The club competes in:
* Polish Championship
* Polish Cup
* CEV Champions League

## Team Roster Season 2014-2015

Head coach: Andrzej Kowal
| No. | Name | Date of birth | Position |
| 2 | Paul Lotman | (1985-11-03)November 3, 1985 | outside hitter |
| 3 | Michał Żurek | (1988-06-03)June 3, 1988 | libero |
| 4 | Piotr Nowakowski | (1987-12-18)December 18, 1987 | middle blocker |
| 5 | Lukáš Ticháček | (1982-01-12)January 12, 1982 | setter |
| 6 | Dawid Konarski | (1989-08-31)August 31, 1989 | opposite |
| 7 | Olieg Achrem (C) | (1983-03-12)March 12, 1983 | outside hitter |
| 8 | Marko Ivović | (1990-12-22)December 22, 1990 | outside hitter |
| 10 | Jochen Schöps | (1983-10-08)October 8, 1983 | opposite |
| 11 | Fabian Drzyzga | (1990-01-03)January 3, 1990 | setter |
| 12 | Łukasz Perłowski | (1984-04-03)April 3, 1984 | middle blocker |
| 14 | Rafał Buszek | (1987-04-28)April 28, 1987 | outside hitter |
| 15 | Russell Holmes | (1982-07-01)July 1, 1982 | middle blocker |
| 16 | Krzysztof Ignaczak | (1978-05-15)May 15, 1978 | libero |
| 17 | Nikolay Penchev | (1992-05-22)May 22, 1992 | outside hitter |
| 18 | Dawid Dryja | (1992-07-21)July 21, 1992 | middle blocker |

## Squad changes for the 2014–2015 season

In:
| No. | Player | Position | From |
| 3 | Michał Żurek | libero | Indykpol AZS Olsztyn |
| 8 | Marko Ivović | outside hitter | Paris Volley |
| 14 | Rafał Buszek | outside hitter | Indykpol AZS Olsztyn |
| 15 | Russell Holmes | middle blocker | Büyükşehir İstanbul |
Out:
| No. | Player | Position | To |
| 3 | Wojciech Grzyb | middle blocker | Lotos Trefl Gdańsk |
| 6 | Grzegorz Kosok | middle blocker | Jastrzębski Węgiel |
| 9 | Michał Filip | opposite | AZS Politechnika Warszawska |
| 13 | Péter Veres | outside hitter | Al Rayan |

## Most Valuable Players
### PlusLiga
#### General classification

| No. | Player | MVP |
| 1. | Jochen Schops | 6 |
| | Fabian Drzyzga | 6 |
| 3. | Nikolay Penchev | 5 |
| 4. | Marko Ivović | 4 |
| | Rafał Buszek | 4 |
| 6. | Piotr Nowakowski | 2 |
| | Dawid Konarski | 2 |
| 7. | Michał Żurek | 1 |
# Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera

Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera is a Sunni Islamic scholar, author, and founder of Whitethread Institute and Zamzam Academy. He authored Fiqh al-Imam and Healthy Muslim Marriage. He was featured in the 2020 edition of The 500 Most Influential Muslims compiled by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre.

## Biography

Mangera graduated from Darul Uloom Bury and studied Ifta at the Darul Uloom Zakariyya in South Africa and then at the Mazahir Uloom Jadeed in Saharanpur, India. He received a B.A degree from the Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg and an M.A and PhD degree in Islamic Studies from the SOAS, University of London. He is authorized to transmit hadith from Habib Al-Rahman Al-Azmi (through his student Zayn al-‘Abidin), Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi, Muhammad al-‘Awwama, and Muhammad Yunus Jaunpuri.
Mangera established the Whitethread Institute and ZamZam Academy. He was featured in the 2020 edition of The 500 Most Influential Muslims. He was also awarded an honorary fellowship at the Cambridge Muslim College in 2013 and at the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought in Amman, Jordan in 2016.
In 2016, Mangera travelled to Kashmir to speak in Imam Abu Hanifa Conference which was organized by Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah in the Convocation Complex of the University of Kashmir.

## Literary works

Mangera's books include:
* Fiqh al-Imam: Key Proofs in Hanafi Fiqh (1996)
* Prayers for Forgiveness: Seeking Spiritual Enlightenment through Sincere Supplication (2004)
* Provisions for the Seekers (2005), (translation and commentary of the Arabic work Zad al-Talibin compiled by Ashiq Ilahi Bulandshahri).
* Co-authored Reflections of Pearls (2005)
* Imam Abu Hanifa's Al-Fiqh al-Akbar Explained (2007)
* Salat & Salam: In Praise of Allah's Most Beloved (2007), a manual of blessings and peace upon the Prophet Muhammed
* Imaam Ghazali's Beginning of Guidance (Bidayah al-Hidaya) (2010)
* A Critical Edition of Abū’l-Layth al-Samarqandī's Nawāzil (PhD Thesis, 2013)
* Healthy Muslim Marriage: Unlocking The Secrets to Ultimate Bliss
# Pauline Musgrave

Pauline Musgrave (born 25 July 1936) is a British former swimmer. She competed in the women's 400 metre freestyle at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
She married Alan Clarkson.
# His Butler's Sister

His Butler's Sister is a 1943 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Borzage and starring Deanna Durbin. The supporting cast includes Franchot Tone, Pat O'Brien, Akim Tamiroff, Evelyn Ankers and Hans Conried. The film was nominated for an Oscar for Best Sound Recording (Bernard B. Brown).

## Plot

Ann Carter visits New York City to see her half-brother, and to try to start a music career. He works as a butler for Charles Gerard, a Broadway producer, so Ann gets a job working for him as a maid.
Durbin performs a notable medley of Russian folk songs including "Yamschtschick", "Kalitka" and "Two Guitars." (American Film Institute Catalog)

## Cast

* Deanna Durbin as Ann Carter
* Franchot Tone as Charles Gerard
* Pat O'Brien as Martin Murphy
* Akim Tamiroff as Popoff
* Alan Mowbray as Buzz Jenkins
* Walter Catlett as Mortimer Kalb
* Elsa Janssen as Severina
* Evelyn Ankers as Elizabeth Campbell
* Frank Jenks as Emmett
* Sig Arno as Moreno
* Hans Conried as Reeves
* Florence Bates as Lady Sloughberry
* Roscoe Karns as Fields
* Russell Hicks as Sanderson
* Andrew Tombes as Brophy
* Stephanie Bachelor as Dot Stanley
* Marion Pierce as Margaret Howard
* Iris Adrian as Sunshine Twin
* Robin Raymond as Sunshine Twin

## Production

The film was announced in January 1943. In April, Frank Borzage signed to direct and Pat O'Brien to star. In May, Franchot Tone signed to play the male lead. The film was then known as My Girl Godfrey. Durbin enjoyed working with Borzage.
# Sarıgazi (Istanbul Metro)

Sarıgazi is an underground station on the M5 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located under Eski Ankara Street at Nazım Hikmet Park in the Inönü neighbourhood of Sancaktepe. It was opened on 16 March 2024 with the M5 line extension from Çekmeköy to Samandıra Merkez.
There is an entrance at Ankara Street at the station (Entrance 1). Entrance 2 will be located in the form of a pedestrian tunnel on Atatürk Street near the Sancaktepe District Governorship building and is currently in the planning stage. There are 6 elevators ('lifts' on station signage) and 10 escalators in the station.
Since it has a station structure integrated with the M5 station, some of the platforms of the M13 line are being built within the scope of M5 construction.

## History

On 10 August 2021, the first of the TBMs, which started excavation from Sancaktepe Station in January, reached Sarıgazi with the Sarıgazi Station TBM Transition Ceremony of the Çekmeköy - Sultanbeyli Metro, which was held by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The first TBM completed the excavation in the TBM Shaft near Çekmeköy Station in January 2022.
On 3 December 2021, TBM-2 reached Sarıgazi Station and completed the TBM excavation.
On 4 May 2023, the first test drive was carried out with the test train departing from Çekmeköy, heading to Meclis and Sarıgazi stations, the electrification of which was completed.

## Station layout

| Platform level | Westbound | ← toward Üsküdar (Meclis) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| Platform level | Eastbound | toward Samandıra Merkez (Sancaktepe) → |

## Gallery

* Entrance 1
* Ticket hall
* Line diagram
* Exit sign
# Pavelló de l'Ateneu de Sant Sadurní

The Pavelló de l'Ateneu de Sant Sadurní is an indoor arena located in Sant Sadurní d'Anoia, Catalonia. Opened in 1981, the venue was one of the hosts for the demonstration roller hockey competitions at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Francis Ernest Brown

Francis Ernest Brown (1869–1939) was headmaster of Geelong Church of England Grammar School, Victoria, Australia from 1912 until his retirement in 1929.

## Biography

Brown was born on 12 March 1869 in Bristol. He attended Bristol Grammar School where he was head boy, followed by Hertford College, Oxford. He graduated in 1892 and became senior mathematics master at Hulme Grammar School in Manchester. He was then appointed senior mathematics master at King Edward VII School, Sheffield in 1905; in 1908 he succeeded H J Chaytor as second master until 1911. In 1912 he took up the headmastership of Geelong Church of England Grammar school, Victoria.
He was ordained in 1896; on his return to England in 1929 he was rector of Preston Bagot, Warwickshire, until 1934. He died in Ampney St Peter, Gloucestershire, on 1 June 1939, leaving a wife and five children.
# Collingwood Park, Western Australia

Collingwood Park is a north-eastern suburb of Albany, Western Australia, just west of the Emu Point holiday resort along King George Sound on the west bank of Oyster Harbour. Its local government area is the City of Albany.
It was gazetted in 1979.

## Geography

Collingwood Park is bounded by Collingwood Road to the northwest and Middleton Bay to the southeast, lying between Emu Point and Seppings. Most of the suburb consists of natural bushland, with a couple of small residential pockets.

## Facilities

Collingwood Park is home to the Albany Golf Course, an 18-hole links course first developed in 1898, with a new clubhouse that was built in 2000. One source claims that Australian golfer Craig Parry regards the course as his favourite in Australia.
Only a few scattered residential pockets exist in Collingwood Park. A sporting club on Troode Street and a coastal B&B are also located in the suburb.
Collingwood Park also hosts Albany's largest sporting facility, Collingwood Park. The ground is home to North Albany Football and Sporting Club, Albany Football Club and Collingwood Park Cricket Club and has hosted several large events such as Crusty Demons's West Coast Carnage Tour and in 2008 hosted an AFL NAB Challenge Cup match between West Coast Eagles and Collingwood.
# Theodor Däubler

Theodor Däubler (17 August 1876 – 13 June 1934) was a poet and cultural critic in the German language. He was born in Trieste, then part of Austro-Hungary and has been described as "Trieste's most important German-speaking writer".

## Early life and career

Däubler travelled widely throughout the Mediterranean and European countries. His major poem "Das Nordlicht" was first published in 1910. He was close to several participants in Berlin Dada, notably George Grosz and Hans Richter, on whom he wrote the first critical appraisal in Die Aktion.
In May 1922 he attended the International Congress of Progressive Artists and signed the "Founding Proclamation of the Union of Progressive International Artists".
His influence on wider culture include Theodor Adorno in Minima Moralia (paragraph 122) and Adorno set three of his poems to music in "Drei Gedichte von Theodor Däubler" (Opus 8) and Carl Schmitt. However, it appears that none of his major poems has ever been translated into English.

## Death

Däubler died at Sankt Blasien and is buried in Friedhof Heerstraße in Berlin.
# Hypolycaena schroederi

Hypolycaena schroederi is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae first described by Hisakazu Hayashi in 1984. It is endemic to the Philippines where it is distributed on Mindanao and Samar islands. It is a very rare species.
Its forewing length is 13–14 mm.
Etymology. The Specific name is dedicated to Dr. H. Schroeder of Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg in Frankfurt am Main.
# John Day (RAF officer)

Air Chief Marshal Sir John Romney Day, KCB, OBE, ADC (15 July 1947 – 9 February 2024) was a senior Royal Air Force commander and a military advisor to BAE Systems.

## Early life and education

John Day was born in Gillingham, Kent, England in 1947, however during the first nine years of his life, he spent a considerable amount of time in north east India where his father worked as a tea planter. He was educated at The King's School, Canterbury and at Imperial College London from where he graduated with a degree in aeronautical engineering. During his time at Imperial, Day received an RAF sponsorship and he was a member of the London University Air Squadron.

## RAF career

Following initial officer training and flying training, Day was posted to RAF Odiham flying the Wessex helicopter. He went on to command No. 72 Squadron, flying Wessex helicopters, in Northern Ireland in 1983, and returned to Odiham as Station Commander.
Day attended the Royal College of Defence Studies in 1990 and then took up the post of Director of Air Force Plans and Programmes at the Ministry of Defence. On promotion to air vice marshal in 1994, Day was appointed Air Officer Commanding No. 1 Group. In 1997 he was made Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Commitments) and Director of Operations for all the United Kingdom's operations (including the Kosovo campaign and operations over Iraq). In 2000, Day was appointed Air Member for Personnel and Commander-in-Chief Personnel and Training Command. In 2001, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief Strike Command.
Day retired from the Royal Air Force in 2003 and joined BAE Systems as their Senior Military Adviser.

## BAE controversy

Day became a senior military adviser to BAE Systems in 2003. The independent watchdog monitoring the movement of officials to companies recommended that he should wait a year before taking up his new BAE job, due to his history as head of RAF Strike Command. The committee warned that Day "had been involved with Air Force Board decisions which would have a direct bearing on the MoD's business with BAE". Controversially Tony Blair then personally overruled the watchdog, saying that it was "in the national interest" to let Day move to the firm.

## Chinook helicopter crash Board of Inquiry

In 1995, following the Chinook Helicopter Crash on the Mull of Kintyre, Day was the Reviewing Officer of the Board of Inquiry which had failed to find a cause of the accident. Despite a lack of Accident Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder, Day concluded that pilot error was the cause of the crash and found the pilots guilty of gross negligence. Following a subsequent Scottish Fatal Accident Inquiry and House of Commons Public Accounts Committee report, a House of Lords Select Committee was appointed to consider all the circumstances surrounding the crash and unanimously concluded "that the reviewing officers were not justified in finding that negligence on the part of the pilots caused the aircraft to crash".

## Death

Day died from brain cancer on 9 February 2024, at the age of 76.
# James McClatchy

James McClatchy (1824–1883) was an Irish-born American newspaper editor. He was the second editor of The Sacramento Bee, which grew into The McClatchy Company, taking over just days after the newspaper began publication as The Daily Bee in February 1857.

## Life and career

Born in 1824 in Ireland, McClatchy was a young journalist on the editorial staff of Horace Greeley’s New York Tribune in 1848, when news of a gold strike on Northern California's American River reached the East. Taking the advice of his employer, who famously declared "Go west, young man," McClatchy went west.
After an arduous journey that included a shipwreck in Baja California, McClatchy reached the gold fields of the Sierra Nevada. His short-lived endeavor at mining, however, brought him no wealth.
He married Charlotte Maria McCormick (1829–1916) and had at least four children: Fannie, Emily Estelle, Charles Kenny and Valentine Stuart McClatchy.
Returning to journalism, he took a position in the summer of 1849 with the Placer Times, which was published at Sutter's Fort, the settlement that gave rise to the river port town of Sacramento, California. As an editorialist, McClatchy developed a reputation as a people's champion after he took a stand against land speculators in what would evolve into the 1850 Squatters' Riot.
By fall of the next year, McClatchy was editing his own Settlers and Miners Tribune, which survived only a few weeks. He moved on to work for the Sacramento Transcript, the Democratic State Journal and the Sacramento Times before joining founder Rollin Ridge at the fledgling Sacramento Bee. Less than a week after the new paper appeared in 1857, McClatchy had become its editor. That same week, The Bee reported a scandal that led to the impeachment of California State Treasurer Henry Bates.
Known as a supporter of the people's interests against those of corporations and corrupt politicians, McClatchy made The Bee a bastion of progressive reformism. Upon his death in 1883, the paper's leadership passed to James's sons, Charles and Valentine.
# Gudeoconcha

Gudeoconcha is a genus of glass snails that is endemic to Australia’s Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. The single species is G. sophiae (Reeve, 1854). It has four subspecies, two of which are extinct:
* G. s. sophiae (Reeve, 1854), also known as the Lord Howe Island glass snail
* G. s. magnifica Iredale, 1944, also known as the magnificent glass snail or magnificent helicarionid land snail. It is Australia's largest helicarionid snail and is listed as Critically Endangered under Australia's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
* G. s. conica (Brazier, 1889) (extinct – described from Blackburn Island and last collected in 1912)
* G. s. intermedia Hyman & Ponder, 2016 (Pleistocene subfossil)

## Description

The shell of adult snails is 14.4–21.4 mm in height, with a diameter of 24.4–38.4 mm, depressedly turbinate with an angular whorl profile, sculptured with microscopic grooves and radial growth lines. It is yellowish-brown in colouration. The umbilicus is closed by reflection of the columella. The aperture is ovately lunate. The animal is yellow-brown to dark brown with spots on the side of the tail, dark bands on the neck and a small caudal horn.

## Distribution and habitat

The snails are found in leaf litter throughout the island, with the nominate subspecies in the lowlands and C. s. magnifica on the summits and upper slopes of the southern mountains.
# Chrysorabdia bivitta

Chrysorabdia bivitta is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Francis Walker in 1856. It is found in the north-western Himalayas, Myanmar and the Indian states of Sikkim and Assam.
# Cara Tivey

Cara Tivey is an English pianist/keyboardist and vocalist who has mainly worked as a side musician. She is best known for her collaborations with Billy Bragg. Tivey is also the cousin of Stephen and Nick Duffy of the Lilac Time.

## Biography

Cara Tivey joined Birmingham band Au Pairs as keyboard player in 1983, followed shortly after by the Fine Young Cannibals. In 1985, Tivey got her first recording break with Everything But the Girl on Baby the Stars Shine Bright.
In 1988, she started working with Billy Bragg on the Workers Playtime album, singing vocals on "Must I Paint You a Picture". She shared the bill with Bragg on the song "She's Leaving Home", which they recorded for the Beatles tribute Sgt. Pepper Knew My Father compilation. The song eventually reached number one on the UK Singles Chart as part of a double A-side single along with Wet Wet Wet's "With a Little Help from My Friends". During her time with Billy Bragg, Tivey also had the opportunity to accompany Michael Stipe (R.E.M) and Natalie Merchant (10,000 Maniacs) during their 1990 European tour.
Tivey performed on Bragg's 1990 album The Internationale and on 1991's Don't Try This at Home, before he took a five-year break in recording. Also in 1990 and 1991, Tivey contributed to the Lilac Time's & Love for All and Astronauts albums.
During Bragg's hiatus, Tivey contributed to the Music in Colors album by Stephen Duffy in 1993. She also became Blur's live keyboardist during their Modern Life Is Rubbish and Parklife era.
Tivey reunited with Bragg for the final time on his 1996 album, William Bloke.

## Personal life

Tivey is married to fellow musician, bassist Micky Harris, and they have two sons.