OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joyce Chaplin

Joyce E. Chaplin (born July 28, 1960, in Antioch, California) is an American historian and academic known for her writing and research on early American history, environmental history, and intellectual history. She is the James Duncan Phillips Professor of Early American History at Harvard University. She was a Guggenheim Fellow and American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellow of 2019. In 2020 she was elected to the American Philosophical Society. She is on the Editorial Board of the Journal of the History of Ideas.

## Life

After receiving her BA from Northwestern University and her PhD from Johns Hopkins University in 1986, she taught at Vanderbilt University in Nashville for fourteen years (1986-2000). She became Professor of History at Harvard in 2000.

## Selected works

* An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 1730-1815 Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993. ISBN 9780807846131, OCLC 916396138
* Subject Matter: Technology, the Body, and Science on the Anglo-American Frontier, 1500-1676 Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 2001. ISBN 9780674004535, OCLC 924957626
* The First Scientific American: Benjamin Franklin and the Pursuit of Genius New York : Basic Books, 2006. ISBN 9780465009558, OCLC 62897551
* Round About the Earth: Circumnavigation from Magellan to Orbit New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012. ISBN 9781416596196, OCLC 779266177
* with Alison Bashford, The New Worlds of Thomas Robert Malthus: Re-reading the Principle of Population, Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2016. ISBN 9780691164199, OCLC 995299915
# Sicilian octave

The Sicilian octave (Italian: ottava siciliana) is a verse form consisting of eight lines of eleven syllables each, called a hendecasyllable. The form is common in late medieval Italian poetry. In English poetry, iambic pentameter is often used instead of syllabics. The form has a prescribed rhyme scheme (ABABABAB). Although only the final two rhymes are different from the much more common ottava rima, the two eight-line forms evolved completely separately. According to the Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, scholars disagree on the origin of the Sicilian octave, but all agree that it is related to the development of the first eight lines of the sonnet (called the octave). It is not clear whether the octave emerged first and influenced the sonnet or vice versa.
The form is a variant of the strambotto, which is one of the earliest verse forms in the Italian language. The strambotto was used in Sicily and Tuscany, and consisted of either six or eight hendecasyllables. The rhyme scheme varied, but the Tuscan form generally did not use the Sicilian octave scheme; the most common was ABABCCDD.
The Sicilian octave is rare in Italian after the Renaissance and has seldom been used in English except as an illustration of the form. Before the 15th century, however, it was used often by poets in southern Italy, and was an important influence for Petrarch in his sonnets. Boccaccio, who popularized and may have invented the unrelated ottava rima, used the Sicilian octave a total of once, in his early romance Filocolo. The epitaph of Giulia Topazia is a Sicilian octave:
# Alyce Parker

Alyce Parker (born 15 August 2000) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Greater Western Sydney Giants in the AFL Women's competition (AFLW).

## Early life and junior football

Parker was born and raised in Holbrook, New South Wales An active participant in numerous sports, she first tried Australian Rules in year seven and became a standout women's player at the Holbrook Football Netball Club and later the Thurgoona Football Club in nearby Albury, New South Wales.
Parker was recruited by Greater Western Sydney Giants with pick 12 in the 2018 draft.

## AFLW

Parker made her AFLWdebut in round one of the 2019 season. She was a two-time Under-18 All Australian as a junior and received a nomination for the rising star award for her debut game against Brisbane. The 2020 AFL Women's season saw Parker obtain her first AFL Women's All-Australian team selection, named on the interchange bench. In the 2021 AFL Women's season, Parker was awarded with her second consecutive All-Australian blazer, named in the rover position. Parker achieved selection in Champion Data's 2021 AFLW All-Star stats team, after leading the league for average contested possessions in the 2021 AFL Women's season, totalling 14.9 a game, the highest number ever recorded in the AFLW to that point.

## Statistics

    Statistics are correct to the end of the 2021 season.
| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Votes |
| Season | Team | No. | Games | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | Votes |
| 2019 | Greater Western Sydney | 3 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 67 | 47 | 114 | 13 | 29 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 9.6 | 6.7 | 16.3 | 1.9 | 4.1 | 0 |
| 2020 | Greater Western Sydney | 3 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 100 | 48 | 148 | 19 | 20 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 14.3 | 6.9 | 21.1 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 6 |
| 2021 | Greater Western Sydney | 3 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 141 | 74 | 215 | 27 | 46 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 15.7 | 8.2 | 23.9$^‡$ | 3.0 | 5.1 | 14 |
| Career | Career | Career | 23 | 1 | 7 | 308 | 169 | 477 | 59 | 95 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 13.4 | 7.3 | 20.7 | 2.6 | 4.1 | 6 |
# Xiren (disambiguation)

Xiren may refer to:
* Bao Zheng (999–1062), whose courtesy name was Xiren (希仁), an official of the Northern Song dynasty
* Hua Xiren (花襲人), a character from the classic Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber
* Nan Xiren (南希仁), a character from the Chinese wuxia novel The Legend of Condor Heroes
# Hyperbolic

Hyperbolic may refer to:
* of or pertaining to a hyperbola, a type of smooth curve lying in a plane in mathematics
** Hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry
** Hyperbolic functions, analogues of ordinary trigonometric functions, defined using the hyperbola
* of or pertaining to hyperbole, the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech
* Hyperbolic (album), by Pnau, 2024
# Rodolfo Suárez

Rodolfo Alejandro Suarez (born 20 April 1963) is an Argentine Radical Civic Union politician who is currently serving as a National Senator for Mendoza Province since 10 December 2023. He previously served as governor of Mendoza from 2019 to 2023, and from 2014 to 2019, he was intendente (mayor) of the City of Mendoza, having assumed office following the death of then-mayor Víctor Fayad.
Suarez wanted to reform the Constitution, which has not been updated for more than 100 years. He proposed to update rights, establish unicamerality, increase territorial representation, reduce political spending and leave out the possibility of reelection of the governor. The Justicialist Party opposed it.

## Early life and education

Rodolfo Alejandro Suarez was born on 20 April 1963 in the rural town of La Consulta, in the San Carlos Department of Mendoza Province, the youngest of four siblings. Suárez comes from a political family: both of his grandfathers served as mayors of San Carlos; Ricardo Reynoso for the Justicialist Party (PJ) and Ulpiano Suárez for the Radical Civic Union (UCR). Rodolfo's father, Ulpiano, served as president of the provincial Chamber of Deputies. His nephew, also named Ulpiano after his father and grandfather, succeeded him as mayor of Mendoza in 2019.
Suárez moved to Mendoza in 1981 to study law at the University of Mendoza, later finishing his studies at the National University of Córdoba, where he earned his licenciatura in 1991.

## Political career

Suárez joined the Radical Civic Union in the 1980s. He held a number of low-profile advisoral positions in the provincial legislature and the City of Mendoza throughout the 1990s before being elected to the Mendoza City Council in 2009.
Throughout his career he maintained a close friendship with Víctor Fayad, who was twice mayor of Mendoza; Suárez has stated that he considered Fayad to be his "mentor" and "political godfather"; it was Fayad who suggested Suárez run for a seat in the City Council. He was sworn in on 21 April 2010. A year later, Suárez was elected president of the city council.
Upon Fayad's death due to cancer on 7 August 2014, Suárez succeeded him as mayor of Mendoza. He ran for the position the next year and won with 59.99% of the vote.

### Governor of Mendoza

Ahead of the 2019 general election, Suárez was nominated by the ruling UCR to be the Cambiemos Mendoza gubernatorial candidate. He won the election with 51% against Frente de Todos candidate Anabel Fernández Sagasti's 36%. He took office on 10 December 2019.
On 20 December 2019 the provincial legislature passed – with Suárez's blessing – a resolution modifying Law 7722 on mining regulations; the new modified law allowed for the use of cyanide and sulfuric acid in surface mining, which could have had negative impact on the province's already limited water resources. The initiative stirred controversy and was widely protested by locals and environmentalist groups. The law was overturned on 30 December 2019.

## Personal life

Suárez is married to Fabiana Calleja, a physics education teacher. He has four children: Gastón, Valentín, Sofía and Facundo.
# Choi Gee-sung

Choi Gee-sung (Korean: 최지성; RR: Choe Jiseong; born 2 February 1951) is President and Chief Executive of the digital media division at Samsung Electronics, overseeing the third-largest business group of the South Korean company, which includes televisions, flat-panel screens, MP3 players, personal computers, and other consumer electronics. He was a New York City torchbearer for the 2004 Summer Olympics relay.

## Early life

Choi grew up in Chuncheon, Gangwon Province, where he attended Chuncheon Middle School and Chuncheon High School. He graduated from Seoul National University's Department of Business in 1977.

## Career

Choi had a stint as chief design officer and established Samsung's chip business in Europe in the 1980s. He is best known as a marketing expert, however, and is credited with having steered Samsung past Sony (SNE) to become the world's No. 1 TV brand in 2006. Choi took over the running of Samsung's mobile phone business in January 2007. By September 2008, the company's global market share stood at 17.1%—second only to Nokia and up from 14.4% in 2007.
# Widget (video game)

Widget is an action-platform video game series created for the Nintendo Entertainment System in the 1990s by Atlus. It was based on the cartoon series Widget the World Watcher, which stars a purple alien named Widget. The original game came out in 1992, followed by the sequel Super Widget on the Super NES in 1993.

## Widget

The original Widget video game was released in 1992. In this game, Widget must stop his evil twin from destroying the planet Earth. Widget can shoot pellets out of a gun. There are five levels, and the player can choose which order to play the middle four levels. After beating a level, Widget gains the ability to transform into a new form (including a golem, a cannon, a bird and a speedy mouse).
The game has various bugs, including numerous errors that allow the player to move through walls. Other bugs are capable of crashing the game or warping the player to the next room of a level. Many of these glitches are exploited by speed-runs of the game.

## Super Widget

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| AllGame | |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | 4/10 |
| GamePro | 4.5/5 |
| Nintendo Power | 3.15/5 |
| Superjuegos | 77/100 |
| Super Play | 54% |
Super Widget is a video game for the SNES made in 1993 by Atlus. It is a sequel to Widget for the NES. In the game, a new alien force threatens Earth. Widget, with his sidekick Mega-Brain, must explore the Horsehead Nebula and save the planet once again.
The game is a platform game in which Widget must travel through various planets in his quest to reach the rank of World Watcher. In these planets, Widget would need to traverse rigorous terrain and collect "W" coins along the way. One hundred of the coins would grant Widget an extra life. In his natural state, Widget can only succumb to one hit before losing a life. However, if he could find tokens with letters embedded on them, he can transform into a more powerful creature that can take more hits. If he collects another identical token, Widget will evolve once again and take the form of an even greater creature – one that can take three hits before losing a life. If three are collected, the player will get a forcefield that can act as a shield from one hit.
Unlike most platformers, performance is ranked on a grading scale of D-S (with S being the best rank possible). After conquering each level's boss, players are taken to a screen which evaluates the time it took to finish the level, combat rank and overall Watcher experience points. Rankings have no effect on the gameplay or the ending of the game.
# Hans Blomberg

Hans Kristian Blomberg (born February 24, 1977, in Hamm-Heessen) is a German radio host.

## Career

Hans Blomberg started his radio career at the local radio station Radio Lippe Welle Hamm, where he hosted a weekly show when he was 17 years old.
After finishing high school in Ahlen, Blomberg began as a volunteer in 1997 at the Lower Saxon radio station Radio ffn in Hannover and there hosted the Hans Blomberg Show in the afternoon from 1997 until 2002. Starting in 2002, he broadcast as Morgenhans with bigFM, and since 2007 under his real name.
From 2011 until December 2012, Blomberg additionally hosted at 98.8 KISS FM Berlin on Saturday mornings. At the beginning of January 2013, he moved to Berlin's 104.6 RTL in order to host again under his own name (Hans Blomberg Show), broadcasting on Sunday afternoons. In addition, he is on air throughout the week during the afternoon or evening. The Hans Blomberg Show additionally broadcasts Saturdays on 89.0 RTL (since May 4, 2013) for Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia and on Planet Radio (since November 23, 2013) for Hesse. Additionally in Hesse, the phone comedy Hans Hart Geweckt (English: Hans wakes up severely) airs from Monday to Friday.

## Television

* 2007 & 2009: Bundesvision Song Contest
He has had further television appearances, such as in mieten, kaufen, wohnen (English: rent, buy, live) in 2010 and 2011, Frauentausch (English: Wife Swap) in 2007, and Lenßen – Der Film [de] in 2011.

## Controversies

In 2007 at the ProSieben live broadcast of the Bundesvision Song Contest, Blomberg read the score for Rhineland-Palatinate from a note card that said “Raab ist doof” (English: “Raab is stupid”) on the back.
Blomberg caused another scandal at the 2009 Bundesvision Song Contest when he grabbed the breast of his colleague Susanka Bersin at the scoring for Baden-Württemberg, whereupon she slapped him. In a newspaper interview, Blomberg commented about the incident, saying that the real scandal had been the slap and not his grabbing of the breast. Blomberg apologized afterwards on his radio show and also to Bersin personally.

## Stage

In 2007, Blomberg toured through Germany together with his partner Olivia Jones. In the reading "Sie nannten mich Tittenmonster“ (English: “They Called Me Tits Monster”), the two read letters of the last 40 years to Bravo scout Dr. Sommer. In 2008, Blomberg tried stand-up comedy on the stage for the first time, in venues such as “Kleinen Wohnzimmer Theater Köln” (English: “Cologne Small Living Room Theater”).
# As Long As We Keep Moving

As Long As We Keep Moving is an album and film of a live studio session conducted by British indie rock band Maxïmo Park. It was released in March 2019 through their own Daylighting imprint as well as Cooking Vinyl. Paul Smith commented that one reason for creating the package was to capture the energy of the songs' live arrangements in contrast to the studio setting, as it had been a long time since their last official live film release. It also marks the departure of founding member and keyboardist Lukas Wooller, who left the band coinciding the release campaign.

## Release

Originally planned for release on 22 February, the recording was released in March both as a standalone CD and as a 2-disc CD/DVD hardback book package with several pages of photographs with psychedelic treatments in keeping with the editing style of the video. The release was preceded by a premiere of the film at Tyneside Cinema on 21 February, followed by a Q&A with the band. Pre-orders from the band's official store came with a bonus CD of three songs recorded in the soundcheck for the live session.

## Personnel

Maxïmo Park
* Paul Smith – vocals
* Duncan Lloyd – guitars
* Lukas Wooller – keyboards
* Tom English – drums
* Paul Rafferty – bass guitar (credited as 'Featuring Paul Rafferty', as Rafferty was not an official member of the band at the time of recording, although he featured on previous studio album Risk to Exist)
# Earle Hesse Kennard

Earle Hesse Kennard (August 2, 1885 – January 31, 1968) was a theoretical physicist and professor at Cornell University.

## Biography

Kennard was born in Columbus, Ohio and studied at Pomona College and Oxford University as part of a Rhodes Scholarship. He went on to earn his Ph.D. from Cornell in 1913, where he would continue most of his scientific career. During a 1926 sabbatical spent at the University of Göttingen, he learned the newly developing quantum mechanics of Werner Heisenberg and Pascual Jordan. With this knowledge, he derived the first rigorous form of the uncertainty principle and fully solved several simple quantum mechanics problems for the first time. In 1926, he was appointed professor of physics at Cornell, which he remained until 1946.
In 1941, still at Cornell, he became a part-time consultant at the David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB), the United States Navy modelling facility. In the period 1946–49 he was the head of the hydromechanics laboratory, and from 1950 until 1957 he was head of the structural mechanics laboratory. From 1957 until his retirement in 1960 he was a general scientific consultant to the commanding officer of the DTMB. Also after his retirement he continued to work for the DTMB under contract. Much of his research for the Navy focussed on hydrodynamics and elasticity, in particular on the theory of potential flow, the physics of underwater explosions and structural vibrations.
In 2018, more than 90 years after its prediction by Kennard, the first experimental observation of Kennard phase was achieved by a collaboration of researchers from Israeli, German, and American universities.
# Horace Dixon

Horace William Oscar Dixon (1 February 1899 – 7 March 1978) was a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand.

## Playing career

Dixon played for the Devonport club in the Auckland Rugby League competition and represented Auckland.
In 1925, Dixon was selected for New Zealand, becoming Kiwi #168. The squad toured Australia, however no test matches were played on tour.
Dixon represented Auckland in 1927 on their tour of the country. They defeated Canterbury, West Coast-Buller, Otago and Wellington before losing the Northern Union Cup to South Auckland.

## Later years

He married the famous New Zealand swimmer Piri Page on 22 March 1930. He died on 7 March 1978.
# Sierra Leone Progressive Independence Movement

Sierra Leone Progressive Independence Movement (also known as 'Dawoh' ('the pot')) was a political party in Sierra Leone, led by Paramount Chief from Kono, Tamba Sungu Mbriwa. The party was founded in 1958, through the merger of the Kono Progressive Movement and the Sierra Leone Independence Movement. The objective of the party was, according to its founding declaration, to "prosecute more vigorously a political campaign for national unity and independence."
Kono Mannda, the mouthpiece of the erstwhile KPM, became the organ of the SLPIM in Kono.
The party suffered from repression from the government, SLST and Paramount Chiefs. In September 1960, Mbriwa was jailed for six months.
In February 1961, Mbriwa was elected Paramount Chief of Fiama Chiefdom.
In 1962 an alliance was declared between SLPIM and the All People's Congress. One day after the announcement, President Albert Margai dismissed Mbriwa.
In the election SLPIM obtained 5.2% of the national vote and four seats (all from Kono). Outside of Kono, the candidates of the party fared poorly.
In 1963 the Sierra Leone People's Party began pressurizing the SLPIM parliamentarians to join the government bloc. The alliance with APC was broken and the party was divided on how to relate to the SLPP. Three of the four SLPIM MPs, S. L. Matturi, D. S. Bockari and G. W. Mani, joined the SLPP. Leading figures who remained with SLPIM, such as the family of T.R. Foyoh, went into exile.
In the mid-1960s the SLPIM was dissolved by Mbriwa. The sole remaining SLPIM Member of Parliament, S.H. Gandi Capio, joined the APC. In July 1965 the Democratic People's Congress was formed by some remaining elements of the SLPIM.
# Resurgence (novel)

Resurgence (2002) is a science fiction novel by American writer Charles Sheffield, the finale of the Heritage Universe and the last book he published. Following the previous book in the series, Convergence, there are no more Builder artifacts left in the part of the galaxy explored by the four clades of the Orion Arm. However, an envoy from the neighboring Sagittarius Arm shows a short route to that arm and the ship's dead passengers carry an ominous message: a force even stronger than the Builders is consuming whole star systems in the neighboring arm.
The team gets together one last time in an attempt to find the envoy's home planet. They work to discover if the Builders touched the Sag arm in a way similar to the local arm. They attempt to see if the source of this mysterious enemy can be found so that future generations may study it and find a way to stop it before it reaches the local arm in the millennia ahead.