OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fred Langdon Davis

Frederick Langdon Davis, KC (August 6, 1868 – April 9, 1951) was a lawyer and political figure in Manitoba, Canada. He represented Neepawa in the House of Commons of Canada as a Unionist member.
He was born in Belleville, Ontario, the son of James A. Davis and Sarah Way. Davis came to Winnipeg in 1881 and studied at the University of Manitoba. He articled in law with Frank Stayner Nugent and then William Egerton Perdue, entered practice in 1893 and was called to the Manitoba bar in 1900. He set up practice in Neepawa. Davis was president of the local board of trade and served on the school board. In 1895, he married Elizabeth Ellen Webster. In 1936, he was named King's Counsel.
During World War I, Davis spoke out in favour of better treatment of "enemy aliens", persons residing in Canada who held citizenship in countries at war with Canada:
   If we treat such men as men and brothers, we will make Canadians of them; if we treat them in any other fashion, we will make of them an alien element in Canada.
"Enemy aliens" were interred in labour camps across the country during the war under the authority of the War Measures Act of 1914. The same legislation would later be invoked during World War II and the October Crisis of 1970. He died in Neepawa in 1951.
# Lawrence Aubrey Wallace

Sir Lawrence Aubrey Wallace KBE CMG (2 February 1857 - 26 February 1942) was a British colonial administrator. He was administrator of North-Eastern Rhodesia from April 1907 to January 1909, administrator of Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia from January 1909 to August 1911, and administrator of Northern Rhodesia from August 1911 until March 1921.
He made an exploratory journey round Lake Tanganyika in August 1897, for which he received the Back Award of the Royal Geographical Society in 1912.
He died on 26 February 1942 in Le Mans due to natural causes. He's buried in the Grand Cimetière, Le Mans.

## Works

* 'The Beginnings of Native Administration in Northern Rhodesia', Journal of the African Society, 16 (1922), pp. 165–176
* 'Rhodesia', in The dominions and dependencies of the Empire. Vol. I of Hugh Gunn, ed., The British Empire: A survey, Collins, 1924
* 'Northern Rhodesia and the last phase of the war in Africa'. In vol. 4 (1926) of Charles Prestwood Lucas, ed., The Empire at War, Oxford University Press, 1921–26.
# Henri Mehu

Henri Mehu (13 August 1891 – 16 March 1973) was a French equestrian. He competed in the individual dressage event at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# Business Executives for National Security

Business Executives for National Security (BENS) is an American nonpartisan, nonprofit organization located in Washington, D.C. BENS focuses on providing private-sector knowledge and solutions to the challenges of national security. Through a national network of members and seven regional directors, BENS connects business and industry experts with national security leaders.
Prominent members include Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, former Cisco chairman John P. Morgridge, and former Infor CEO Charles E. Phillips. The organization's current President and CEO is retired U.S. Air Force General Timothy Ray, former commander of the Air Force Global Strike Command. Their current chairman is Mark J. Gerencser, former Managing Partner of Booz Allen Hamilton.

## History

BENS was founded in 1982 by mining executive Stanley A. Weiss. After 25 years in the business industry, Weiss became interested in the geostrategic challenges of nuclear weapons and mutually assured destruction. At a 3-day conference on nuclear conflict, Weiss realized that the "problem was being addressed from every professional point of view except one: No one from the business community had been asked to contribute." Weiss' belief that business leaders could provide useful input to national security policy led to BENS' founding.
BENS’ early work focused extensively on initiatives aimed at U.S.-Soviet threat reduction and inefficiencies within support functions of the Department of Defense, including the maintenance and construction of military housing. The organization has also been active in Base Realignment and Closure initiatives since the late 1980s, championing the process and helping to develop transition plans for locations affected by base closure. Over the last decade the organization has expanded its focus, addressing issues such as cybersecurity, domestic counterterrorism, and talent management. They have also broadened their partnerships to include other government agencies such as the Departments of State, Treasury, and Homeland Security; the Office of the Director of National Intelligence; and the unified combatant commands.
# Morsbronn-les-Bains

Morsbronn-les-Bains (French pronunciation:; German: Morsbronn; Alsatian: Morschbrunn) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Kay Denman

Kay Janet Denman (born 22 July 1937) is a former Australian politician. She was a Senator for Tasmania from 1993 to 2005, representing the Australian Labor Party (ALP). She was a schoolteacher before entering politics.

## Early life

Denman was born in Latrobe, Tasmania, and raised in Railton. She was educated at Railton Primary School and Devonport High School, before graduating with a Bachelor of Education and Diploma of Special Education from the University of Tasmania. She was a school teacher from 1958 to 1961, took a break in which she had two children, and returned to teaching from 1964 to 1989. Denman was then private secretary to Premier of Tasmania Michael Field from 1989 to 1992 and manager of the Devonport Community Legal Centre in 1993. She was an inaugural member of the Mersey Leven Family Day Care committee, in which she was a strong advocate for access to day care for children with disabilities, and was also involved with Family Planning Tasmania. Denman joined the Labor Party in the early 1980s and was the president of the Labor Party's Devonport branch and a member of its national executive from 1990.

## Senate

Denman was appointed to the Senate in August 1993 to fill a casual vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Michael Tate. She was Deputy Government Whip in the Senate from 1995 to 1996 and Deputy Opposition Whip in the Senate from 1997 to 2001. Denman was a long-running chair of the Senate Standing Committee on Senators' Interests between 1996 and 2005. She was re-elected in her own right at the 1998 election and retired at the 2004 election. Her term expired on 30 June 2005. She had a strong interest in health, education and access issues during her time in parliament, and was an advocate for people with disabilities, asbestos-related issues (her hometown of Railton had a major asbestos factory) and gay and lesbian rights.

## Later career

After retiring from politics, Denman was a board member of disability organisation Devonfield Enterprises, a member of the Tasmanian Community Advisory Group Mental Health Advisory Committee and the North-West Area Health Services Network Advisory Group, and was made a life member of the Tasmanian Council for AIDS and Related Diseases (TasCARD). She also continued her asbestos advocacy, stating that her only regret on retiring from the Senate was that she would not be there to further the cause of those with asbestos-related diseases. She was inducted to the Tasmanian Honour Roll of Women in 2011.
# James W. Voss

James 'Jim' Wilson Voss is an American senior nuclear engineer who has managed nuclear materials and radioactive waste since graduating from the University of Arizona in the 1970s. Voss became known to Australians through his managing directorship of Pangea Resources, a consortium which planned to establish a nuclear waste repository in Australia in the late 1990s. Pangea's proposal was ultimately rejected following the efforts of the anti-nuclear movement in Australia. Voss is currently working at UCL Australia as an Honorary Reader. As of 2015 Voss is a partner at Predicus Consulting and a director of companies in the USA and the United Kingdom.

## Career

In 1998, Voss attempted to build a case for the establishment and private management of a nuclear waste repository at Billa Kalina in Australia.
He has been responsible for what he describes as "nuclear waste engineering and radioactive facility and site remediation activities" in North America, Europe, Australia and Japan. Voss has also held Chief Executive positions in several companies in the USA, Europe and Australia through which he has managed project financing, revenue streams and corporate strategies. Voss has served in the Executive Office of the President of the United States under two Presidents and has advised senior government officials in many countries.
Voss is a licensed engineer in the European Union (EurIng), a Chartered Engineer in the UK and a Fellow of the UK Nuclear Institute. He organises the Waste Management Symposium, which is held annually in Tucson, Arizona.
On 25 March 2014, Voss delivered a UCL Grote Lecture in Adelaide, South Australia. His presentation was entitled Energy and environmental public policy: Joining the dots between public policy, economics and implementation.
In late 2015, Voss gave testimony on nuclear fuel leasing as an expert witness to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Royal Commission in South Australia.
In May 2016, Voss spoke at another Grote Lecture series event at UCL Australia entitled Circular Economy Series: Nuclear: A waste of time, energy and money?
Voss is the Managing Director of the waste management symposium Australian Nuclear Fuel Cycle '16. Its inaugural event was held in Adelaide, South Australia on 15–16 November 2016.
# Coleophora tripolitana

Coleophora tripolitana is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Libya.
# Jacques Arnoux

Jacques Arnoux (7 April 1938 – 8 August 2019) was a French racewalker. He competed in the men's 50 kilometres walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Actual cash value

In the property and casualty insurance industry, actual cash value (ACV) is a method of valuing insured property, or the value computed by that method.
Actual cash value (ACV) is not equal to replacement cost value (RCV). Actual cash value is computed by subtracting depreciation from replacement cost. The depreciation is usually calculated by establishing a useful life of the item determining what percentage of that life remains. This percentage multiplied by the replacement cost equals the actual cash value.
For instance, imagine a man bought a television set for $2,000 five years ago, which was unfortunately destroyed in a hurricane. His insurance provider estimates that televisions typically have a useful life of 10 years. Today, a similar television would cost $2,500. The damaged television had 50% (5 years) of its life remaining. According to insurance calculations, the Actual Cash Value (ACV) is determined by multiplying the current replacement cost of $2,500 by the remaining useful life percentage of 50%, resulting in an ACV of $1,250.
This concept is different from the book value used by accountants in financial statements or for tax purposes. Accountants use the purchase price and subtract the accumulated depreciation in order to value the item on a balance sheet. Actual cash value uses the current replacement cost of a new item.

## Other methods of insurance valuation

Insurance policies may be purchased capitalizing several different valuation methods. These include: Replacement cost value (RCV), fixed value (guaranteed replacement cost) and actual cash value (ACV). Some policies will use different calculating methods depending upon the item. For example, the building may be insured at replacement cost value, most of the contents insured at actual cash value and a few specific items at a fixed value (antiques). Policies may also include co-insurance clause or deductibles provisions which will impact the actual cash paid out by the insurance company.
# Kampala Kids League

Kampala Kids League is a programme in Kampala, Uganda that offers opportunities for children from different social, economic and religious backgrounds to mix and play together.

## History

Kampala Kids League (KKL) was founded by Trevor Dudley (a British resident of Kampala) in 1998 to help boys and girls aged 4–14 in the capital city of Uganda to improve their lives through sport.
Schools in the city were coming under pressure at that time to improve academic results and sports were being excluded. New schools were also being built without playing fields. Children in Uganda therefore needed the opportunity to play team sports.
Since then over 16,000 boys and girls from over 160 different Schools, Orphanages and Street Children's organisations have successfully completed over 50 different seasons of Football, Basketball, Baseball and Mini Cricket activity. Over 2,000 adult volunteers have been trained as coaches and administrators and over 150 different local corporate sponsors have supported the leagues.
In 2003 Trevor Dudley was awarded a fellowship from Ashoka Foundation for creating significant social change in Kampala. He was awarded an MBE in the New Years Honours of 2008 for services to children's sport and health education in Uganda.
Between 2001-2009 KKL prepared a youth soccer squad to travel to Europe and this popular team have won 21 International soccer tournaments, including becoming 6 times Gothia Cup World Youth Cup champions, Norway Cup winners, 8 time Tivoli Cup winners, 3 times winners of Football Festival Denmark, and lifting Haarlem Cup Holland, Pitea Summer Games and Storsjocupen tournaments in Sweden. This league is now one of the most successful of its kind in Africa. Talented young Ugandans from KKL are now represented in the ranks of the Ugandan Cranes National Football Team and some are being offered places in Academies in Europe. Dorian Viktor Klonaridis has recently joined Lille FC.
In 2005 the KKL Mini Cricket programme was awarded the International Cricket Council's (ICC) Best Junior Cricket Initiative Award in Africa.
KKL relies on corporate funding to support its innovative social sports programmes and is always looking to attract new supporters to expand activities.
Following the success of KKL, The Kids League (Uganda) (TKL) was set up in 2004 as a non profit to help boys and girls aged 8–15 at grassroots level throughout Uganda improve their lives using sport.
In 2010 Trevor officially retired and his son, Mark Dudley took over the organisation.

## Royal visit

In November 2007, KKL was honoured with a visit by the Prince of Wales during the CHOGM conference taking place that year in Uganda. It was the first visit of the Prince of Wales to Uganda.
Prince Charles visited the offices of KKL and met all the staff and 20 boys and girls representing programmes that KKL and TKL had established. Prince Charles lifted one of the Gothia Cup trophies and took penalties against one of the boys much to the delight of the waiting photographers. The Prince of Wales unveiled a plaque on the KKL office block to commemorate the visit.
# Hatten, Bas-Rhin

Hatten (French pronunciation:; Alsatian: Hàtte) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France, some fifteen kilometres (nine miles) to the south of Wissembourg.

## Geography

Positioned at the northern edge of the Forest of Hagenau, the village is on the edge of the Alsace Plain, although the agricultural landscape surrounding this village and its immediate neighbors is one of rolling hills.

## History
### Second World War

In 1939, because Hatten was on the Maginot Line, the authorities had arranged for the town's 1,500 inhabitants to be evacuated to Châteauponsac in the Limousin region, six hundred kilometers to the southwest. Evacuees had been restricted to one suitcase per person, and so were obliged to leave behind most of their possessions. However, after July 1940, the village had survived the invasion of France undamaged; therefore, the residents were able to return to Hatten, since the whole of Alsace had then reverted to its pre-1919 status as a part of Germany. On December 13, 1944, after four years of occupation, the village had been liberated without any fighting by the Americans and the residents looked forward to the resumption of peace.
However, in January 1945, the Germans had launched one of their final counter-offensives under the name of Operation North Wind, with the intention of retaking Strasbourg. Hatten was on the route of the German columns and thus, the village had found itself at the heart of the battle. During the fierce tank battles between the Germans and the Americans that had taken place over the course of twelve days in the middle of January, 350 of the 365 houses which had inhabited the village had been destroyed. Along with 2,500 military deaths, 83 civilians in Hatten had perished. Many US or other allied troops were stationed there and counterattacked the Germans. Many call this part of Battle Of The Bulge. Many of the Allied troops stationed there were not prepared for war. They thought that the front lines would be in Strasbourg and they were just peacekeeping.
The village was rebuilt after the war.
# Henry Edmondson (educationalist)

Henry Edmondson (1607?–1659), was an English schoolmaster.

## Life

Edmondson was born in Cumberland about 1607, entered Queen's College, Oxford, 10 May 1622, aged 15. 'After he had undergone the servile places of a poor child and tabarder' he proceeded B.A. 31 June 1626 and M.A. 30 June 1630, and was elected fellow of his college. He became usher of Tunbridge school, Kent, under Dr. Nicholas Grey, and in 1655, on the death of Thomas Widdowes, was appointed by his college master of the endowed free school of Northleach, Gloucestershire, where he remained till his death. He was buried in the church there on 15 July 1659, leaving behind him the reputation of a highly efficient schoolmaster.

## Works

His works, all on educational topics, were:
* 'Lingua Linguarum. The natural language of languages, wherein it is desired and endeavoured that tongues may be brought to teach themselves and words may be best fancied, understood, and remembered,’ London, 1655.
* 'Homonyma et Synonyma Linguæ Latinæ conjuncta & disjuncta,’ Oxford, 1661.
There is also a work by Edmondson in manuscript at the Bodleian (Rawl. MS. in Bibl. Bodl. Misc. p. 226) entitled 'Incruenta Contentio sive Bellum Rationale,’ dedicated to Sir Henry Worsley, bart., and dated 1 January 1646–7. It is 'a collection of arguments pro and con divided into seven parts, viz. Academia, Aula, Campus Martius, Respublica, Domus Exterior, Domus Interior, and Domus Superior.'
# Rafael Farfán

Rafael Nicanor Farfán Quispe (born 28 December 1975) is a retired Peruvian footballer who played as a defender. He last played for Universidad Técnica de Cajamarca in the 2014 Torneo Descentralizado. He is the brother of Roberto Farfán and uncle of Jefferson Farfán.

## Club career

Rafael Farfán developed as a player in the Defensor Lima youth academy.
In 2002, he joined Estudiantes de Medicina. There he made his Torneo Descentralizado debut on 14 July 2002 playing as a forward in Estudiantes' 2–0 win over Alianza Atlético.
He joined Sport Huancayo in January 2010.

## International career

Farfán has made 2 appearances for the Peru national football team. He received his first cap on 16 August 2012 at the age of 36. His debut was a friendly match away to Costa Rica and finished in a 0–1 win for Peru.
# Kalanga language

Kalanga, or TjiKalanga (in Zimbabwe), is a Bantu language spoken by the Kalanga people in Botswana and Zimbabwe. It has an extensive phoneme inventory, which includes palatalised, velarised, aspirated and breathy-voiced consonants, as well as whistled sibilants.
Kalanga is recognised as an official language by the Zimbabwean Constitution of 2013 and is taught in schools in areas where its speakers predominate. The iKalanga language is closely related to the Nambya, TshiVenda, and KheLobedu languages of Zimbabwe and South Africa.

## Classification and varieties

Linguists place Kalanga (S.16 in Guthrie's classification) and Nambya (in the Hwange region of Zimbabwe) as the western branch of the Shona group (or Shonic, or Shona-Nyai) group of languages, collectively coded as S.10.
Kalanga has a dialectal variation between its Botswana and Zimbabwean varieties and they use slightly different orthographies. Historically, Wentzel mentioned Kalanga proper in the east and Lilima (Tjililima, Humbe) on the west, as well as varieties that are now rare or extinct: Nyai (Rozvi), Lemba (Remba), Lembethu (Rembethu), Twamamba (Xwamamba), Pfumbi, Jaunda (Jawunda, Jahunda), and †Romwe, †Peri, †Talahundra (Talaunda).

## Phonology
### Consonants

| | | Labial | Labial | Dental | Dental | Alveolar | Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Post- alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Velar | Glottal |
| | | plain | alveolar | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | Palatal | plain | lab. | Glottal |
| Plosive | voiceless | p | | t̪ | | | (tʷ) | | | | k | kʷ | |
| Plosive | voiced | b | | d̪ | | d | dʷ | | | | ɡ | ɡʷ | |
| Plosive | prenasal | ᵐb | | | | ⁿd | | | | | ᵑɡ | ᵑɡʷ | |
| Plosive | aspirated | pʰ | | t̪ʰ | | tʰ | tʰʷ | | | | kʰ | kʰʷ | |
| Plosive | breathy | pʱ | | | | tʱ | | | | | | kʷʱ | |
| Plosive | ejective | | | | | (tʼ) | | | | | | | |
| Affricate | voiceless | | p͡s | t̪͡s̪ | | | | t͡ʃ | | | | | |
| Affricate | voiced | | b͡z | d̪͡z̪ | d̪͡z̪ʷ | | | d͡ʒ | | | | b͡ɡ | |
| Affricate | prenasal | | | | | | | ⁿd͡ʒ | | | | | |
| Affricate | aspirated | | | t̪͡s̪ʰ | t̪͡s̪ʰʷ | | | | | | | p͡kʰ | |
| Affricate | breathy | | | t̪͡s̪ʱ | | | | t͡ʃʱ | | | | | |
| Affricate | ejective | | | | | | | t͡ʃʼ | | | | | |
| Fricative | voiceless | f | | | | s | sʷ | ʃ | ʃʷ | | (x) | (xʷ) | |
| Fricative | voiced | v | | | | z | zʷ | ʒ | | | | | ɦ |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | | | | n | | | | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | |
| Trill | Trill | | | | | r | | | | | | | |
| Approximant | lateral | | | | | l | | | | | | | |
| Approximant | central | β̞ | | | | | | | | j | | w | |
| Approximant | breathy | | | | | | | | | | | wʱ | |
* Phonemes /tʰʷ, p͡s, b͡z, t͡ʃʼ/ occur only as marginal phonemes.
* Sounds /tʼ, tʷ, x, xʷ/ are sounds that are borrowed from Tswana.

### Vowels

Kalanga has a typical five-vowel system:
| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i | | u |
| Mid | e | | o |
| Open | | a | |
# Coleophora amasicola

Coleophora amasicola is a moth of the family Coleophoridae that is endemic to Turkey.
# Jacques Bridou

Jacques Bridou (8 October 1911 - 1953) was a French bobsledder who competed in the 1930s. He won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1934 FIBT World Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.
Bridou also competed at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, finishing ninth in the four-man and 14th in the two-man events.
# Louisa Matilda Fagan

Louisa Matilda Fagan (née Ballard) (9 January 1850, Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – 11 August 1931, London) was an Italian–British female chess master.
Ballard learned to play chess as a child from her father William who married Angela De Deo in Naples in 1847. She eventually married an Irishman, J.G. Fagan who was an officer with the Bombay Lancers, and as a result, the Fagans lived for a period of time in British India. Fagan was part of the chess scene in India, and has some of her problems published in The City of London Chess Magazine.
Fagan became an emancipation activist, and was one of the founding members of the Ladies' Chess Club of London, which boasted 100 members at its peak and lasted until after World War I. She took 2nd place, behind Mary Rudge, in the first Ladies’ International Chess Congress held at the club in London from June 22 to July 3, 1897.
She was the younger sister of William Robert Ballard, born in Naples in 1848, a strong London chess player in the late 19th, early 20th century.