OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stephen E. Schwartz

Stephen E. Schwartz (born June 18, 1941) is an atmospheric scientist at Brookhaven National Laboratory. He served from 2004 to 2009 as the Chief Scientist of the Atmospheric Science Program of the United States Department of Energy. He is author of over 100 scientific publications dealing mainly with cloud chemistry and forcing of climate change by atmospheric aerosols.

## Education

Schwartz graduated magna cum laude from Harvard University, earned his Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley and was a Fulbright Post-Doctoral Fellow at University of Cambridge.

## Professional

He is a member of a number of professional organizations and has been elected Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, Fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science and Fellow of International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry. He was named ISI Highly Cited researcher in 2006.

## Scientific contributions
### Acid Rain

Schwartz was a leading scientist in the area of atmospheric sulfur and acid rain. Schwartz authored "the study some credit with spurring acid rain legislation in the 1990s." His paper "Acid deposition: Unraveling a regional phenomenon" Science 243, 753-763 (1989). was cited by the US Department of Energy in 2017 as one of 40 "Research Milestones" in the 40-year history of the Department. The citation reads in part "Schwartz's findings gave the first clear picture of the nationwide impacts of different sulfur and nitrogen sources and led to changes to the Clean Air Act."

### Aerosol Forcing of Climate Change

A 1992 article authored with Robert Jay Charlson, James E. Hansen, and others provided the first global-scale estimates of radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosol. This forcing offsets a substantial but highly uncertain fraction of forcing by incremental greenhouse gases; however the aerosol is short lived in the atmosphere, about a week, compared to the decadal to centennial residence times of greenhouse gases. This paper has been highly influential, with over 3500 citations. In 1995, as a result of this work, the journal Science named sulfate aerosol as one of nine runners-up for Molecule of the Year.
# Stefana McClure

Stefana McClure (born 1959) is an Irish visual artist.

## Life

Stefana McClure was born in Lisburn, Northern Ireland, in 1959. She grew up in Belfast during "the Troubles". and it influences her work. She went to art college in London where she graduated in 1984 with a BA in Sculpture from Hornsey College of Art before moving to Japan for twelve years. There she completed post-graduate studies in paper making at Kyoto Seika University having won the Monbusho Scholarship. From there McClure moved to New York.
Her work is included in museums and public collections across the US, Germany, Austria and the United Kingdom.
She is married to fellow artist Jill Baroff.

## Solo exhibitions

* Arróniz Arte Contemporáneo, Mexico City (2015)
* Bartha Contemporary, London (2017)
* Sleeper, Edinburgh, Scotland (2017)
* Josée Bienvenu Gallery, New York (2018)
# Stefano Dall' Arzere

Stefano Dall' Arzere or Stefano Dell'Arzere was an Italian painter of the second half of the 16th century.
According to Ridolfi and others, Dall' Arzere was a native of Padua. He painted numerous altar-pieces for the churches and convents of that city. In the Chiesa degli Eremitani, he painted some subjects from the Old Testament, and two pictures of 'St. Peter' and 'St. Paul,' and in the church of the Servite monastery the principal altar-piece is by him.
# Stephen Harvey (architect)

Stephen Harvey (1879-1933) was an English-born architect in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. A number of his works are now heritage-listed.

## Early life

Stephen Harvey was born in Sussex, England in 1879, the son of Stephen Harvey and his wife Alice Jane (née Taylor).
He immigrated to Australia with his family in 1912–13. A joiner by trade, he had completed drawing and construction courses, and became an instructor in drawing for the Sussex County Council.

## Architectural career

After working for an architect Harvey began practicing in the early 1900s. Upon arrival in Australia, he worked in Toowoomba for two years before moving to Townsville. During his career in Townsville, Harvey was a well-known local architect who worked on a variety of civic and commercial projects.

## Later life

Harvey died in Townsville on 1 March 1933.

## Significant works

* Mackay Cenotaph (1922)
* Townsville Town Hall
* Townsville Masonic Temple (completed after his death).
# Julien Nicolardot

Julien Nicolardot (born 13 December 1981) is a French swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. He is a member of Mulhouse Olympic Natation in Mulhouse, and is coached and trained by Lionel Horter.
Nicolardot competed as a lone French swimmer in the men's 200 m breaststroke at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He fired off a scintillating 2:13.36 to immediately punch his ticket to Beijing at the French Championships in Dunkirk, bettering the insurmountable FINA A-standard (2:13.70) by more than a third (0.33) of a second. Swimming on the outside in heat four, Nicolardot headed into the final lap with Austria's Hunor Mate and Kazakhstan's Yevgeniy Ryzhkov racing against each other in a sprint finish for the top three spot, but faded nearly to fifth with a steady 2:12.44, nearly a second faster than his entry time. Nicolardot failed to advance to the semifinals, as he placed twenty-eighth overall out of fifty-three swimmers in the prelims.
# HMS Rainbow (N16)

HMS Rainbow was a Rainbow-class submarine built for the Royal Navy during the 1930s.

## Design and description

The Rainbow-class submarines were designed as improved versions of the Parthian class and were intended for long-range operations in the Far East. The submarines had a length of 287 feet 2 inches (87.5 m) overall, a beam of 29 feet 10 inches (9.1 m) and a mean draft of 13 feet 10 inches (4.2 m). They displaced 1,772 long tons (1,800 t) on the surface and 2,030 long tons (2,060 t) submerged. The Rainbow-class submarines had a crew of 56 officers and ratings. They had a diving depth of 300 feet (91.4 m).
For surface running, the boats were powered by two 2,200-brake-horsepower (1,641 kW) diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 660-horsepower (492 kW) electric motor. They could reach 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph) on the surface and 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) underwater. On the surface, the boats had a range of 7,050 nautical miles (13,060 km; 8,110 mi) at 9.2 knots (17.0 km/h; 10.6 mph) and 62 nmi (115 km; 71 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged.
The boats were armed with six 21 in (530 mm) torpedo tubes in the bow and two more in the stern. They carried six reload torpedoes for a grand total of fourteen torpedoes. They were also armed with a QF 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX deck gun.

## Construction and career

Rainbow ran aground in the English Channel off Ventnor, Isle of Wight, on 22 January 1932. She was refloated later the same day.
Rainbow served in the Far East until 1940, when she moved to the Mediterranean. She left for a patrol off Calabria on 23 September 1940 and was due to be back in Alexandria on 16 October, she was last heard from on 25 September. She is believed to have been sunk on 4 October in a collision with the Italian merchant ship Antonietta Costa, which reported striking a submerged object at 03:30, followed by a huge underwater explosion while sailing in convoy from Albania on that date.
Until 1988 it was believed that Rainbow had been sunk by the Enrico Toti, but eventually it was determined that HMS Triad (N53) was the submarine that Enrico Toti sank.
# Travis Scheefer

Travis R. Scheefer (born August 14, 1985) is an American ski mountaineer and mountain biker.
Scheefer currently lives at Gunnison, Colorado.

## Selected results (ski mountaineering)

* 2010:
** 10th, World Championship, relay, together with Max Taam, Ben Parsons and Brandon French
* 2012:
** 3rd (and 6th in the World ranking), North American Championship, sprint
** 7th (and 9th in the World ranking), North American Championship, individual
** 7th (and 9th in the World ranking), North American Championship, total ranking
# 1976 in Laos

The following lists events that happened during 1976 in Laos.

## Incumbents

* President: Souphanouvong
* Prime Minister: Kaysone Phomvihane

## Events
### September

* September - Lao Airlines is established.
# Sophia of Masovia

Sophia of Masovia (1497 or 1498 - before 11 March 1543) was a Princess of Masovia, daughter of Konrad III Rudy, Duke of Masovia and his wife Anna Radziwiłł. She was a member of the House of Piast.
On 17 September 1520 in Warsaw, Sophia was married by proxy to Stephen VII Báthory. On 17 January 1521, Sophia and her entourage went to Hungary, where in February there was a formal marriage. The couple had three children: Anna, Stephen and Klara; however, other sources claim that Klara was the couple's only child. Klara was engaged to Carl, Duke of Münsterberg, but died in 1535, before the marriage took place.
After the death of Stephen in 1530, Sophia was married to Croatian magnate Louis Pekry. Sophia's second marriage was childless. She then died sometime before 11 March 1543.
Sophia had three siblings: Stanislaus I of Masovia, Janusz III of Masovia and Anna of Masovia, both her brothers died childless and so Anna and Sophia were the last Masovian Piasts. Soon after Janusz's death, the Duchy of Masovia was annexed into the kingdom of Poland, despite resistance from some of the Masovian nobility. They tried to retain their independence and argued that the Duchy should be inherited by the female relatives (such as Anna or Sophia). The Polish king refused to recognize their demands. Anna was made titular Duchess of Masovia.
# INS Shikra

INS Shikra, formerly known as INS Kunjali, is an Indian naval air station located at Colaba in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is a heliport.

## History

INS Kunjali was commissioned as a new establishment in Mumbai, post-Independence. The locale chosen for the establishment was the old Gun Carriage Basin on the sea front in Colaba, in the heart of South Mumbai. The area was used during the Second World War as a depot for munitions of war and as a boat repair facility. With the acquisition of Alouette III helicopters (now HAL Chetak) in 1963, the establishment was considered suitable for a helipad. The first time a helicopter operated from the base was on a temporary grass helipad in 1964. Alouette flights thereafter continued to operate from the helipad, on a makeshift and as required basis.
Finally, on 3 April 1972 ‘Bombay flight’ of the Goa-based INAS 321 was established with one Alouette III helicopter, two pilots and 17 sailors. On 1 August 1980, one more Chetak was added to the flight and the role of the squadron was enhanced to include VIP flight commitment, Fleet Requirement task including tracking for weapon alignment, casualty evacuation and SAR duties. With the introduction of helicopters on board ships, the base housed and operated these helicopters, when disembarked and a helicopter maintenance facility was set up in 1983.
The Naval Air Station was renamed to INS Shikra in an impressive commissioning ceremony presided over by the Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Sureesh Mehta, PVSM, AVSM, ADC on 22 January 2009. The commissioning commanding officer was Captain Philipose George Pynumootil.

## Objective

INS Shikra has grown from a small helipad to a full-fledged Heliport providing support and maintenance facilities to the integral flights of the fleet and aviation requirements of the Western Naval Command. The facilities continue to expand to cater for increasing numbers of helicopters being inducted on board ships. Its primary role is to provide administrative, technical and logistic support for all squadrons and flights based in Mumbai. In addition, it undertakes coastal patrol, air surveillance in the area and meets the operational flying requirements of the Western Naval Command.
It also has a major helicopter maintenance depot providing accommodation and maintenance facilities for Westland Sea Kings, Kamov Ka 27s and HAL Chetaks, adding up to 17 helicopters and meeting a task of over 4000 flying hours annually.

## Units

Naval Air Squadrons based at INS Shikra include:
* INAS 321, a search and rescue and logistics squadron, operating HAL Chetak helicopters
* INAS 330, an anti-submarine warfare squadron, operating Westland Sea King Mk.42B helicopters
# Factorial moment

In probability theory, the factorial moment is a mathematical quantity defined as the expectation or average of the falling factorial of a random variable. Factorial moments are useful for studying non-negative integer-valued random variables, and arise in the use of probability-generating functions to derive the moments of discrete random variables.
Factorial moments serve as analytic tools in the mathematical field of combinatorics, which is the study of discrete mathematical structures.

## Definition

For a natural number r, the r-th factorial moment of a probability distribution on the real or complex numbers, or, in other words, a random variable X with that probability distribution, is
    $\operatorname {E} {\bigl(X)_{r}{\bigr ]}=\operatorname {E} {\biglX(X-1)(X-2)\cdots (X-r+1){\bigr ]},$
where the E is the expectation (operator) and
    $(x)_{r}:=\underbrace {x(x-1)(x-2)\cdots (x-r+1)} _{r{\text{ factors}}}\equiv {\frac {x!}{(x-r)!}}$
is the falling factorial, which gives rise to the name, although the notation (x)$_r$ varies depending on the mathematical field. Of course, the definition requires that the expectation is meaningful, which is the case if (X)$_r$ ≥ 0 or E[|(X)$_r$|] < ∞.
If X is the number of successes in n trials, and p$_r$ is the probability that any r of the n trials are all successes, then
    $\operatorname {E} {\bigl(X)_{r}{\bigr ]}=n(n-1)(n-2)\cdots (n-r+1)p_{r}$

## Examples
### Poisson distribution

If a random variable X has a Poisson distribution with parameter λ, then the factorial moments of X are
    $\operatorname {E} {\bigl(X)_{r}{\bigr ]}=\lambda ^{r},$
which are simple in form compared to its moments, which involve Stirling numbers of the second kind.

### Binomial distribution

If a random variable X has a binomial distribution with success probability p ∈ [0,1] and number of trials n, then the factorial moments of X are
    $\operatorname {E} {\bigl(X)_{r}{\bigr ]}={\binom {n}{r}}p^{r}r!=(n)_{r}p^{r},$
where by convention, $\textstyle {\binom {n}{r}}$ and $(n)_{r}$ are understood to be zero if r > n.

### Hypergeometric distribution

If a random variable X has a hypergeometric distribution with population size N, number of success states K ∈ {0,...,N} in the population, and draws n ∈ {0,...,N}, then the factorial moments of X are
    $\operatorname {E} {\bigl(X)_{r}{\bigr ]}={\frac {{\binom {K}{r}}{\binom {n}{r}}r!}{\binom {N}{r}}}={\frac {(K)_{r}(n)_{r}}{(N)_{r}}}.$

### Beta-binomial distribution

If a random variable X has a beta-binomial distribution with parameters α > 0, β > 0, and number of trials n, then the factorial moments of X are
    $\operatorname {E} {\bigl(X)_{r}{\bigr ]}={\binom {n}{r}}{\frac {B(\alpha +r,\beta )r!}{B(\alpha ,\beta )}}=(n)_{r}{\frac {B(\alpha +r,\beta )}{B(\alpha ,\beta )}}$

## Calculation of moments

The rth raw moment of a random variable X can be expressed in terms of its factorial moments by the formula
    $\operatorname {E} [X^{r}]=\sum _{j=1}^{r}\left\{{r \atop j}\right\}\operatorname {E} [(X)_{j}],$
where the curly braces denote Stirling numbers of the second kind.
# Stefano Ludovico Straneo

Stefano Ludovico Straneo (also Lodovico) (Turin, 6 June 1902 – Milan, 9 December 1997) was an Italian entomologist, teacher, academic administrator and author.
Straneo's primary fields of interest were the beetles (Coleoptera), in particular the family of ground beetles (Carabidae, tribe Pterostichinae). He described 64 new genera and almost 1,200 new species. His collection, Coleoptera: Carabidae and Paussidae, is on display at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano.
Straneo's father was a theoretical physicist and an acquaintance of Albert Einstein. He showed an early interest in biology and began collecting insects, eventually focusing on carabid beetles. He published his first paper in 1933 and 238 more until 1995. He received the Italian Golden Medal for Distinguished Educator in Culture And Art in 1972.

## Works

* 1984 - Two new species or Pterostichini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the collections of the Museum of Natural History of the Humboldt University of Berlin.
* 1984 - Un nuovo genere del Camerun della tribù Pterostichini (Coleoptera Carabidae).
* 1983 - Nuovi pterostichini asiatici (Coleoptera, Carabidae).
* 1984 - Un nuovo Pterostichus dell'Anatolia occidentale (Col., Carabidae).
* 1984 - Sul genere Amolopsa Beach (Coleoptera Carabidae).
# Jérémy Leloup

Jérémy Leloup (born January 31, 1987) is a French professional basketball player for Orléans Loiret of the LNB Pro B.
# Davide Appollonio

Davide Appollonio (born 2 June 1989) is an Italian professional road bicycle racer, who most recently rode for UCI Continental team Amore & Vita.

## Career

Born in Isernia, Appollonio first made an impression in the professional ranks riding as a stagiaire for Cervélo TestTeam during the latter part of 2009, before signing for the team as a neo-pro for the 2010 season.
He joined Team Sky for the 2011 season, picking up his first win for the team on the 3rd stage of the Tour de Luxembourg, and then his first overall Sprints competition the following day. Appollonio left Team Sky at the end of the 2012 season, and joined Ag2r–La Mondiale on a two-year contract from the 2013 season onwards. In October 2014 he announced that he would join Androni Giocattoli for 2015, the first time Appollonio had joined an Italian professional cycling team.
On 30 June 2015 Appollonio gave an adverse analytical finding for EPO, on 14 June – two weeks after completing the Giro d'Italia, and was provisionally suspended. He was suspended for four years, and returned to the peloton with Amore & Vita–Prodir at the 2019 Volta a Portugal; he won the opening road stage of the race.

## Major results
### 2009

    5th Gran Premio della Liberazione
    6th Gran Premio Palio del Recioto

### 2010

    1st Stage 4 Tour du Limousin
    2nd Grand Prix de Fourmies
    2nd Tour de Vendée
    5th Clásica de Almería
    7th Coppa Sabatini
    10th Grand Prix Pino Cerami

### 2011

    Tour de Luxembourg
       1st Points classification
       1st Stage 3
    1st Stage 1 Tour du Poitou-Charentes
    7th Overall Ster ZLM Toer

### 2012

    4th London Nocturne

### 2013

    5th Paris–Bourges

### 2014

    2nd Roma Maxima
    6th Scheldeprijs

### 2015

    1st Points classification Tour of Slovenia
    3rd Grand Prix of Aargau Canton

### 2019

    1st Stage 1 Volta a Portugal

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Giro d'Italia | DNF | — | 168 | DNF | 123 |
| Tour de France | — | — | — | — | — |
| Vuelta a España | — | — | — | — | — |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# Williamsport Tomahawks

The Williamsport Tomahawks were the Class AA Eastern League affiliate of the Cleveland Indians in Williamsport, Pennsylvania during the 1976 season. The franchise moved to Williamsport from Thetford Mines, Quebec where they were known as the Thetford Mines Miners. The Tomahawks finished the season with a record of 48-91, worst in the league. Despite the lackluster record, the team had a total attendance of 53,757 at Bowman Field, which placed them 4th in an 8 team league.
Before the next season, the Tomahawks moved to Jersey City, New Jersey as the Jersey City Indians, due to conflicts between ownership and the Williamsport municipal government over beer sales and field maintenance issues. Members of the Tomahawks who would go on to have lengthy careers in the Major Leagues included Alfredo Griffin, Ron Hassey and Larry Andersen.

## Record

| Year | Record | Finish | Manager | Playoffs |
| 1976 | 48-91 | 8th | John "Red" Davis | |
# 2022 Big East Conference softball tournament

The 2022 Big East Conference softball tournament will be held at Cacciatore Stadium on the campus of the DePaul University in Rosemont, Illinois. The tournament will run May 12 through May 14, 2022 and will determine the champion for the Big East Conference for the 2022 NCAA Division I softball season. The tournament champion will earn the Big East Conference's automatic bid to the 2022 NCAA Division I softball tournament. The semifinals and finals will be broadcast on Fox Sports 2.

## Format and seeding

The top four teams from the conference's round-robin regular season will qualify for the tournament, and will be seeded one through four. They will play a double-elimination tournament.
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Seed |
| UConn | 20 | 4 | .833 | — | 1 |
| Butler | 16 | 6 | .727 | 3 | 2 |
| Villanova | 16 | 7 | .696 | 3.5 | 3 |
| DePaul | 16 | 8 | .667 | 4 | 4 |
| Providence | 11 | 13 | .458 | 9 | — |
| Seton Hall | 9 | 14 | .391 | 10.5 | — |
| Georgetown | 5 | 16 | .238 | 13.5 | — |
| Creighton | 5 | 17 | .227 | 14 | — |
| St. John's | 5 | 18 | .217 | 14.5 | — |

## Tournament

| First Round | First Round | First Round | Semi-Finals | Semi-Finals | Semi-Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 1 | UConn | 2 | | | | | | |
| 4 | DePaul | 6 | | | | | | |
| 4 | DePaul | 6 | 4 | DePaul | 0 | | | |
| | | | 3 | Villanova | 1 | | | |
| 2 | Butler | 0 | 3 | Villanova | 1 | | | |
| 3 | Villanova | 2 | | | | | | |
| 3 | Villanova | 2 | | | | 3 | Villanova | 3 |
| | | | | | | 1 | UConn | 0 |
| Lower round 1 | Lower round 1 | Lower round 1 | Lower final | Lower final | Lower final | 1 | UConn | 0 |
| | | | 4 | DePaul | 2 | | | |
| 1 | UConn | 4 | 1 | UConn | 6 | | | |
| 2 | Butler | 1 | | | | | | |

### Game results

| Date | Game | Winner | Score | Loser | Notes |
| May 12 | Game 1 | (4) DePaul | 6–2 | (1) UConn | |
| May 12 | Game 2 | (3) Villanova | 2–0 | (2) Butler | |
| May 12 | Game 3 | (1) UConn | 4–1 | (2) Butler | Butler eliminated |
| May 13 | Game 4 | (3) Villanova | 1–0 | (4) DePaul | |
| May 13 | Game 5 | (1) UConn | 6–2 | (4) DePaul | DePaul eliminated |
| May 14 | Game 6 | (3) Villanova | 3-0 | UConn | |
| May 14 | Game 7 | If necessary | If necessary | If necessary | If necessary |
# Diego Occhiuzzi

Diego Occhiuzzi (born 30 April 1981) is an Italian fencer and olympic medal winner in team sabre competition. At the 2012 Summer Olympics he competed in the Men's sabre where he lost to Áron Szilágyi in the final round to win the silver medal. He was also part of the Italian men's sabre team that won the bronze medal.

## Achievements

Occhiuzzi has been most successful in team events, having won a bronze Olympic medals in both 2008 and 2012, a bronze, a silver, and another bronze from the 2007, 2010, and 2011 World Fencing Championships, and a gold from both the 2013 and 2014 European Fencing Championships. However, his best result is having placed second in the individual event at the 2012 Olympics. In the finals, he lost to Áron Szilágyi, 15–8.