OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Scientific politics

Scientific politics was a late 19th-century political theory based on the positivist philosophy of Auguste Comte. Proponents of scientific politics advocated a society and political system that was to be organized in accordance with the laws of nature.
Scientific politics was considered to be a sort of liberalism, more specifically conservative liberalism. Proponents of scientific politics rejected liberal jacobinism, and sought to replace revolution with evolution. They rejected classical liberal notions like individual rights, natural law, and constitutionalism as 'metaphysical' and disruptive to social and political evolution. They were willing to sacrifice political liberties such as universal suffrage in order to foster order and social and political progress, which were considered prerequisites for the existence of liberty. Nonetheless proponents of scientific politics didn't consider themselves to be opponents of liberalism, but rather its heirs. They shared the liberal views in support of republicanism, secularism and the importance of progress. Some, but not all, proponents of scientific politics also espoused Social Darwinism.
Most proponents of scientific politics could be found in France, the Ottoman Empire, Spain and Latin America. The rule of Porfirio Díaz in Mexico and Juan Vicente Gómez in Venezuela was justified by their supporters using the theories of scientific politics. The national motto of Brazil, Order and Progress (Ordem e Progresso), was one of the main adages of scientific politics.
# Tan Kim Tian

Tan Kim Tian (1832 — 1882) was the co-founder of the Tan Kim Tian and Son Steamship Company and the first president of the Tan Si Chong Su, a Chinese temple in Singapore.

## Early life and education

Tan was born in Malacca in 1832. He travelled to Singapore in 1847.

## Career

Tan became an employee of Paterson Simons Merchants shortly after arriving in Singapore. Merchant William Paterson, who was a partner of the firm, arranged for him to attend English school, allowing him to become fluent in English. He later became a shopkeeper in the firm's Produce Department.
After retiring from Paterson Simons Merchants, he founded the Tan Kim Tian and Son Steamship Company with his son, Tan Beng Wan in 1865. The business prospered following their decision to concentrate on steamships instead of sail. He was the first president of Tan Si Chong Su. He also owned the Kim Tian's Pier on Havelock Road along the Singapore River.

## Personal life and death

Tan was married to Wee Poh Kiok. They adopted Tan Beng Wan, and several children after adopting him. He lived in the Botan House, which he built, on Neil Road.
Tan died in 1882. Kim Tian Road and Kim Tian Place were named after him.
# Henri Sérandour

Henri Sérandour (April 15, 1937 in Le Mans - November 12, 2009 in Dinard) was a former international water polo player. He was a past president of the French National Olympic Committee (CNOSF) during 16 years (1993-2009) and from 2000 to 2007, a member of the International Olympic Committee.
# Arne Skaug

Arne Skaug (6 November 1906 – 4 March 1974) was a Norwegian economist, civil servant, diplomat and politician for the Labour Party. He is known as director of Statistics Norway from 1946 to 1948, Norwegian Minister of Trade and Shipping from 1955 to 1962 and later ambassador.

## Early life and career

He was born in Horten as a son of Johan Anton Skaug (1881–1956) and Jenny Lovise Olsen (1882–1917). He graduated with the cand.oecon. degree in 1930, and was hired as a secretary in Statistics Norway in the same year. He continued to work there, except for study leaves from 1935 to 1936 in London. In 1935 and 1936 he released two books: Tidens sosialøkonomi and Dør vi ut? Befolkningsspørsmålet og arbeiderbevegelsen, both written together with Aase Lionæs. In 1939 he was hired in the Ministry of Provisioning, and was a research fellow in economics. He then spent the war years in the United States; first with studies from 1939 to 1941 and as assisting professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison from 1941. From 1942 to 1946 he worked for Norwegian government in New York City and Washington DC.

## Post-war career

In 1946 he returned to Norway to become the director of Statistics Norway. In May 1948 he left to become State Secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, becoming the first in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to hold the State Secretary position, which had been introduced in 1947. He left this position in February 1949 to become the Norwegian ambassador to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in Paris. From January 1955 to January 1962 he served as the Minister of Trade and Shipping in Gerhardsen's Third Cabinet. He was also the acting Minister of Foreign Affairs from August to October 1957 and December 1960 to February 1961, when Halvard Lange had absences of leave. He was then the ambassador to the United Kingdom and Ireland from 1962 to 1968, and to Denmark from 1968 to 1974. He died in March 1974.
Skaug was heavily decorated. He was a Commander of the Greek Order of the Phoenix, and held the Grand Cross of the British Royal Victorian Order, the Swedish Order of the Polar Star, the Portuguese Order of Christ, the Siamese Order of the White Elephant, the Persian Order of the Lion and the Sun, the Danish Order of the Dannebrog, the Belgian Order of the Crown, the Icelandic Order of the Falcon
, the Finnish Order of the Lion and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.
# Jennifer Frautschi

Jennifer Frautschi (/ˈfraʊtʃi/; born 1973) is an American violinist. A recipient of an Avery Fisher Career Grant, she is currently Artist-in-Residence at Stony Brook University. She plays a 1722 Antonio Stradivari violin known as the "ex-Cadiz," on loan from a private American foundation.

## Biography

Frautschi was born in Pasadena, California and began to play the violin at the age of three. At the Colburn School in Los Angeles she was a student of Robert Lipsett and later attended Harvard University, the New England Conservatory, and the Juilliard School, where she studied under Robert Mann.
Following top prizes at the Queen Elisabeth Competition and the Naumburg International Violin Competition in New York, Frautschi received an Avery Fisher Career Grant in 1999. She has appeared as a soloist with the Los Angeles Philharmonic and Pierre Boulez, Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Christoph Eschenbach at the Ravinia Festival, Minnesota Orchestra and Osmo Vänskä, Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, Seattle Symphony Orchestra, Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra, Kansas City Symphony, Utah Symphony, Louisville Orchestra, San Diego Symphony, and the Orchestra of the Teatro di San Carlo among others.
In 2004, Frautschi made her recital debut at Carnegie Hall in New York. In Europe, she has appeared in world-class classical musical venues such as the Wigmore Hall in London, Mozarteum in Salzburg, Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, Konzerthaus in Vienna, and Cité de la Musique in Paris. She has also played with various operas and festivals around the globe including the Imperial Garden in Beijing, La Monnaie in Brussels, La Chaux-de-Fonds in Switzerland, and San Miguel de Allende Festival in Mexico.
In 2008-09 she toured America for three weeks with the Czech National Symphony Orchestra, playing composers such as Mendelssohn and Bruch. In 2010–2011 she performed with the Rhode Island Philharmonic Orchestra and the Phoenix Symphony Orchestra and toured the UK with musicians from Prussia Cove, appearing again at the Wigmore Hall.
Frautschi has released three records for Artek including an orchestral debut recording of the Prokofiev concerti with Gerard Schwarz and the Seattle Symphony Orchestra, and NAXOS, including a recording of Schoenberg's Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra, which earned a Grammy nomination, and the Stravinsky Violin Concerto with the Philharmonia Orchestra of London.

## Reception

The Kansas City Star said of her performance, "Frautschi possesses a lush, florid tone, a sure musical sense and a forthright knowledge of where she wants to go with any given phrase".

## Personal life

Frautschi loves the Sanrio character Badtz Maru. Her father is the theoretical physicist Steven Frautschi.
# Daehan Cinema

Daehan Cinema (Korean: 대한극장; Hanja: 大韓劇場) is a historic movie theater at Chungmu-ro, Jung District, Seoul, South Korea. It was founded in 1958, and considered one of the premiere theaters in the country until the 1980s.
The building has an entrance within the Chungmuro station on lines 3 and 4 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway.

## Description

The theater currently has eight floors (one basement and seven above-ground) that have eleven screens and a total seating capacity of 2,754.

## History

The theater was designed by the American company 20th Century Fox and established in April 1958. It originally had one screen. Its seating capacity was 1,900, the highest of any theater in Seoul at the time. The facilities were considered top-of-the-line at the time, with the latest technology and striking architecture.
It was considered a significant venue for showing foreign blockbuster films, including the 1959 Ben Hur, which notably ran for six months, with significant demand for tickets. Through the 1960s and 1970s, the theater was widely considered the best in the country, and was even the only place one could watch a 70 mm wide screen until the 1980s. Other notable box office successes at the theater include the 1965 Sound of Music, the 1984 Killing Fields, and the 1987 The Last Emperor. In its heyday, the theater had 1,460,000 ticket sales a year.
By the mid-1990s, business was significantly slower for it and other historic one-screen theaters like Kukdo Theater [ko] and Dansungsa. The theater had a fond spot in the memory of many movie fans, which it attempted to appeal to by showing classic films like the 1965 Doctor Zhivago, but ticket sales only averaged around 100 per day. By this point, many felt that the theater would soon remodel in order to compete against the rise of other multiplex theaters at the time. The last film it showed before closing was the 1998 Chinese film Genghis Khan. The theater was demolished on May 21, 2000, after 45 years of continuous operation. The theater reopened on December 15, 2001, with eleven screens. The new facility offered shopping and dining in the same building.

## Gallery

* The theater in 1962
* President Park Geun-hye (center, in blue) at the theater (2014)
# Daeseongsa

Daeseongsa (Korean: 대성사) is a Buddhist temple of the Jogye Order in Seoul, South Korea. It is located at San 140-2 Seocho-dong, Seocho District.
# Alexander, Texas

Alexander is an unincorporated community located in southern Erath County in Central Texas, United States. Alexander is located in the southern part of the county, along Texas State Highway 6 and Fm-914. The town was originally called: "Harper's Mill" when the Post Office was approved for operation around the 1870s. The name was changed in the 1880s, when the Texas Central line, part of the historic Katy Railroad, was built from east to west through the townsite on its way from the Waco area to Stamford, with a branch to Cross Plains from the line at De Leon. In 1907, the Stephenville North and South Texas Railway, part of the Cotton Belt Route, was constructed from north to south and intersected with the Katy's line in Alexander. This made the town an important community for business in the area. The Cotton Belt Route ran from Stephenville through to nearby Carlton. On October 17, 1934, the Cotton Belt Route was abandoned from Stephenville to Hamilton. The Katy Railroad remained through Alexander until its abandonment in the late 1960s. The Alexander post office closed in 1970 and the population remained at a steady 40 from the 1970s through 2000.
# HMS H26

HMS H26 was a British H class submarine built by Vickers Limited, Barrow-in-Furness, as part of the Batch 3 H class submarines. She was launched on 15 November 1917 and was commissioned on 29 December 1918. It had a complement of twenty-two crew members.
HMS H26 was sold on 30 August 1935 in Newport.

## Design

Like all post-H20 British H-class submarines, H26 had a displacement of 423 long tons (430 t) at the surface and 510 long tons (520 t) while submerged. It had a total length of 171 feet (52 m), a beam of 15 feet 4 inches (4.67 m), and a draught of 12 metres (39 ft). It contained a diesel engines providing a total power of 480 horsepower (360 kW) and two electric motors each providing 320 horsepower (240 kW) power. The use of its electric motors made the submarine travel at 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph). It would normally carry 16.4 long tons (16.7 t) of fuel and had a maximum capacity of 18 long tons (18 t).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) and a submerged speed of 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph). Post-H20 British H-class submarines had ranges of 2,985 nautical miles (5,528 km; 3,435 mi) at speeds of 7.5 knots (13.9 km/h; 8.6 mph) when surfaced. H26 was fitted with an anti-aircraft gun and four 21 inches (530 mm) torpedo tubes. Its torpedo tubes were fitted to the bows and the submarine was loaded with eight 21 inches (530 mm) torpedoes. It is a Holland 602 type submarine but was designed to meet Royal Navy specifications. Its complement was twenty-two crew members.
# Albert Séguin

Albert Séguin (8 March 1891 – 29 May 1948) was a French gymnast and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics, where he received a gold medal in sidehorse vault, and silver medals in rope climbing and in team combined exercises.
# Janne Sollie

Janne Sollie (born 27 March 1959) is a Norwegian civil servant.
A sivilagronom by education, she was hired in the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority as a head of department in 1987. From 1990 to 1991 she worked as an advisor in the Ministry of the Environment. She then returned to the Pollution Control Authority, working there until 2001, when she was hired as the first female director of the Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management until its demise.
# Chalcidica maculescens

Chalcidica maculescens is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2011. It is found on the Moluccas, where it has been recorded from the Wetar Islands.
# Rousseau (disambiguation)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) was a Genevan author and philosopher.
Rousseau may also refer to:

## People and fictional characters

* Rousseau (surname), a list people and fictional characters with the surname
* Rousseau O. Crump (1843–1901), American politician and businessman
* Rousseau H. Flower (1913–1988), American paleontologist

## Places
### United States

* Rousseau, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
* Lake Rousseau, Florida
* Rousseau Range, Alaska

### Other

* Rousseau (electoral district), a provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada
* Rousseau Peak, Antarctica

## Other uses

* Rousseau Institute, a private school in the Swiss city of Geneva
* Rousseau Metal Inc., a Canadian company founded by André Rousseau
* Rousseau SA, a French manufacturer of agricultural machinery which, in 1962, invented the rotary mower
* An alternative name for French wine made from the grape Chardonnay
# Werner Freers

Werner Freers (born 19 July 1954, Hämelerwald, Lehrte) is a German Army general and served as Chief of Staff of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe from 2012 to 2017.
# Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön-Rethwisch

The ducal line of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön-Rethwisch descended from the line of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön. It was founded by Joachim Ernest II (born 5 October 1637; died 5 October 1700) who as the third son of the Duke of Plön, Joachim Ernest, received the estate of Rethwisch in Stormarn as his inheritance. He was a general to the Spanish royal house in the Netherlands and became a Roman Catholic in 1673.
The line laid claim to the domain of Plön; this was rejected however by the King of Denmark. John Ernest Ferdinand (born 4 December 1684; died 21 May 1729) appealed to the Supreme Court and was vindicated. He died without leaving living descendants.

## List of dukes

| Reign | Name | Remarks |
| 1671-1700 | Joachim Ernest II | Founder of the line |
| 1700-1729 | John Ernest Ferdinand | Son |

## Sources

* Schleswig-holsteinische Blätter für 1835-[40]
* This Schleswig-Holstein location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# VWF

VWF or vWF may refer to:
* Vibration white finger, a form of Raynaud's disease
* Virtual Wafer Fab, a CAD program (see Silvaco)
* Virtual Wrestling Foundation - see Pro Wrestling (NES video game)
* von Willebrand factor, a blood glycoprotein
* Variable-width font, synonym for proportional font
# Amand Solbach

Amand Julien Solbach (10 May 1904 – 17 December 1967) was a French gymnast. He competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics and the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was married to two-time Olympian Jeanette Vogelbacher (1922–2018), who competed in 1948 and 1952. A gymnasium is named in his honour in Châteaudun, where he died in 1967.
# Atle Ørbeck Sørheim

Atle Ørbeck Sørheim (9 December 1933 – 15 April 2024) was a Norwegian veterinarian and civil servant.
He was born in Østre Toten, finished his secondary education in 1953 and graduated with the cand.med.vet. degree in 1959. He ran his own veterinary office from 1959 to 1962, was a research assistant at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science from 1962 to 1964, was municipal veterinarian in Vestre Toten from 1964 to 1965, and worked in Kenya for the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation from 1965 to 1969. He worked in the Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture from 1969 to 1979, the Norwegian Directorate for Health from 1979 to 1988 and was the director of the Norwegian State Food Authority from 1988 to 1998.
He was appointed a Knight First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1999.
Sørheim died on 15 April 2024, 90 years old.
# C. W. Streit

Charles William Streit Jr. (June 1, 1884 – April 4, 1971) was an American football player, coach, and official. He played college football at Auburn University and Washington and Lee University. Streit served as the head football coach at Howard College—now known as Samford University—for the final two games of the 1917 season.

## College

Streit was a three-sport (football, track, and basketball) letterman at Auburn University, as well as at Washington and Lee University. At Auburn, he and Frank Jones stood out for Auburn at tackle.

## Official

Streit's first appearance officiating was in a Georgia–Georgia Tech game in which Streit claimed he may have seen the "first fake pass in the history of football in that game. The Georgia quarterback drifted back with something that looked like a football and gave it a long heave. It turned out to be his head guard. That, of course, would be illegal today, but it would still be just as funny."
Streit was the referee for the 1929 Rose Bowl in which Roy Riegels scooped up a Georgia Tech fumble and ran toward his own goal line. The two-point safety on the ensuing punt proved to be the margin of victory.
Streit also officiated Southeastern Conference track and field meets.

### Olympics

Streit was one of six track managers on the U.S. Olympic teams that went to Paris (1924), Amsterdam (1928), Los Angeles (1932) and Berlin (1936). Bill was a member of the Executive Committee of the U.S. Olympics from 1948 to 1952.
In 1924, Streit was appointed chairman of the U.S: Olympic wrestling committee and that ' team became the first from the United States to win the Olympic wrestling title. That same year he also was named vice president of the- International Wrestling Association, the first American to hold the post. He was U.S. Olympic wrestling chairman in 1929, 1932 and 1936.

## Honors and death

Streit was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame in 1951. He died on April 4, 1971, in Birmingham, Alabama.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference |
| Howard Baptists (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1917) ||||||
| 1917 | Howard | 1–1 | 0–0 |
| Howard: | Howard: | 1–1 | 0–0 |
| Total: | Total: | 1–1 | |
# Rose Lamb

Rosanna "Rose" Duncan Lamb (1843 – 1927) was an American portrait painter.
Rose Lamb was born in 1843 in Boston to a prominent family.
Lamb was a student of William Morris Hunt in the 1870s. She exhibited infrequently, but her portraits were in high demand from members of the Boston elite and she particularly excelled at painting children. She made several trips to Europe and beginning in 1884 she was a drawing instructor at the South Boston School of Art. Around 1900, she gave up painting after an illness.
She was friends with the poet Celia Thaxter and after Thaxter's death, she and Annie Adams Fields edited and published Thaxter's letters.
Her papers are at the Archives of American Art.
# Bu Jebrail

Bu Jebrail (Persian: بوجبرائيل, also Romanized as Bū Jebrā’īl; also known as Boojabra’il) is a village in Moqam Rural District, Shibkaveh District, Bandar Lengeh County, Hormozgan Province, in southern Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 239, in 38 families.
# Cunningham Drug (U.S.)

Cunningham Drug was a drugstore chain based in Detroit, Michigan. Founded in October 1889 by Andrew Cunningham, the chain operated primarily within the state of Michigan, and was once the largest drugstore chain in the state. Its Michigan locations were closed and reopened in 1982 as Apex Drug, and were later sold to Perry Drug Stores. The last stores remained open in Florida until 1991, when they were sold to Walgreens.

## History

Andrew Cunningham opened the first Cunningham drug store in Detroit in October 1889. In 1931, the 50-store Economical Drug chain, also based in Detroit, consolidated with Cunningham, which at the time had thirteen stores. Economical Drug owner Nate Shapero also assumed control of the Cunningham chain. Cunningham announced a merger with Marshall Drug Co. of Cleveland, Ohio in 1940.
Between 1958 and 1959, the chain announced mergers with two other chains: Broward Drug of Fort Lauderdale, Florida and Kinsel Drug Co., also of Detroit. Following the merger, Cunningham became the largest drugstore chain in Michigan, and had locations in several other states. An effort was made by the United States Department of Justice to dissolve the Kinsel merger, citing that it was in violation of the Clayton Antitrust Act. The dissolution was canceled in 1963.
An acquisition of Whelan Drug in Florida added fourteen more Cunningham locations to that state in 1964. The chain later sold 28 Florida stores to Gray Drug of Ohio.
Cunningham's also had some small drug stores branded as Schettler's in major hotels, such as the Sheraton-Cadillac in Detroit, and at high-end retail, such as at Somerset Mall in Troy, Michigan. In the 1960s, a small number of Cunningham's were re-branded as Dot Discount, an experiment which did not expand further, but which lasted a couple decades, some years after all Cunningham's had closed in the Detroit area.
The chain sold off twenty-eight of its Michigan stores in 1982 to a private company, which re-branded them as Apex Drug. Three years later, most of the Apex locations were sold to Perry Drug Stores, another chain based in the Detroit metropolitan area.
The remaining Cunningham stores were gradually sold off or shuttered; by late 1991, the last five in operation, all in the Fort Lauderdale, Florida area, were sold to Walgreens.
# Marcel Vandernotte

Marcel Henri Vandernotte (29 July 1909 – 15 December 1993) was a French rower who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics and in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Nantes. He was the younger brother of Fernand Vandernotte and the uncle of Noël Vandernotte. In 1932 he was eliminated with his brother Fernand in the repechage of the coxed pair event. Four years later he won the bronze medal as crew member of the French boat in the coxed four competition.