OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Xylocopa darwini

Xylocopa darwini, the Galápagos carpenter bee, is the only native species of bee in the Galápagos Islands, to which it is endemic. Altogether, only three species of bee are found in the islands. This species is found on 75% of the largest islands. It is sexually dimorphic and is known for its complex behavior. As the only native bee, Xylocopa darwini serves as an important primary pollinator within the plant-pollinator network of the archipelago.

## Description

The leaf-cutter bee and the wool carder bee are introduced, making the Galápagos carpenter bee the only native species. As a sexually dimorphic species, the male and female bees look different. The female bee is dark and shiny with black setae, and is commonly found throughout the year. The male is rarer, with a black abdomen and yellow-brown setae. A rare specimen in the Smithsonian collection exhibits gynandromorphism, with a visually female left side and a visually male right side.

## Distribution

Galapagos carpenter bees can be found on 9 out of the 12 largest islands, but not all of the islands in the archipelago. These include Isabela, San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz, Santiago, Fernandina, Floreana, Genovesa, Santa Fe, and Española.

## Behavior

This insect gets its common name 'carpenter bee' from the way that females form nests. They bore holes into the branches and trunks of trees and lay their eggs within the solitary cavities. They prefer to bore holes into soft dead wood, such as the wood of sea hibiscus, Croton, palo santo and coral trees. Male Galápagos carpenter bees have been recorded exhibiting territorial behavior, and may defend plants from intruders. They patrol the claimed shrub or tree and chase away trespassing animals, but allow female bees to enter the defended area.

## Ecological role

These insects serve as an important keystone species since they are the predominant pollinators of native and introduced plants on the islands. They are the most generalized pollinators in the Galápagos ecosystem, meaning that they consume nectar and pollen from the widest array of different flowers, adding up to at least 84 flowering species. They compete for food with other pollinators including birds, lizards, and other insects. Their niche as pollinators is vital to the stability of plant populations, even though most well documented plant species on the archipelago are capable of self-pollination. Galapagos carpenter bee populations could be negatively impacted by invasive species through competition and predation. Introduced birds such as the smooth-billed ani have been documented preying on the bees, which could significantly affect the unique ecosystem of the archipelago.
These bees are parasitized by the blister beetle Cissites maculata, and the two species have a phoretic relationship. The presence of both the bees and parasitoid beetles on the islands suggests that they were transported together and colonized the archipelago concurrently.
# Sharafdzhon Solehov

Sharafdzhon Solehov (born 14 December 1999) is a Tajikistani professional football player who currently plays for FK Fayzkand, on loan from FK Khujand.

## Career
### Club

On 15 February 2020, FK Khujand announced the signing of Solehov.
On 1 August 2020, Khujand announced that Solehov had joined FK Fayzkand on loan for the remainder of the season.

### International

Solehov made his senior team debut on 13 December 2018 against Oman, scoring his first goal for Tajikistan in the same game.

## Career statistics
### International

Tajikistan national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2018 | 3 | 1 |
| 2019 | 5 | 0 |
| Total | 8 | 1 |
Statistics accurate as of match played 19 July 2019

### International goals

    Scores and results list Tajikistan's goal tally first.
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition | Ref. |
| 1. | 13 December 2018 | Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex, Muscat, Oman | Oman | 1–2 | 1–2 | Friendly | |
# Manuel Jacques

Manuel Jacques Parraguez, is a Chilean lawyer, academic and politician. He is President of the Izquierda Cristiana (Christian Left Party of Chile) and a professor at the Universidad Bolivariana de Chile.
For the 2005 Chilean presidential election he competed in the primary election for the Juntos Podemos Más electoral pact. The pact was ultimately represented by Tomás Hirsch, who won around 5% of the vote.
# All-Crop harvester

The All-Crop harvester or All-Crop combine was a tractor-drawn, PTO-driven (except the All-Crop 100 and the All-Crop SP100) combine harvesters made by Allis-Chalmers from the mid-1930s to the early 1960s. Aside from small grains, these harvesters were able to harvest some flowers, as well as various grasses and legume crops for seed.
The first combines under that name, the All-Crop 60, had a 60-inch, sickle-bar cutting head, and the popular Model 66 had a 66-inch cutting head.
Many of these units are still in working condition, and they are well known for their dependability and low maintenance; however, as they are quite small machines (and now very old), they are not practical on today's large farms. They were superseded by the Allis-Chalmers Gleaner combine harvesters.

## All-Crop 40

Specifically designed for the Allis Chalmers Model B and C tractors, this model had a 38-inch cut and could harvest approximately one acre per hour. Produced from 1938 to 1940; only about 15,000 made.

## All-Crop 60

Five foot (60-inch) cut; replaced flat belt with Texrope V-belt system. Produced from 1935 to 1949, with over 100,000 produced, this was by far the most popular All-Crop model. Harry C. Merritt and Charles J. Scranton each earned the prestigious Cyrus Hall McCormick Medal of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers for their work on the design of this machine.

## All-Crop 60A

Introduced in 1950 as a slightly improved Model 60, this model was only made until 1952, with about 75,000 built.

## All-Crop 66

Introduced in 1953 as successor to the 60A, this model featured a 6-inch greater cut than its predecessor. It was on this model that Allis-Chalmers introduced their "Big-Bin" model, which held 25 versus 18 bushels. Produced for six years, 72,839 of this model were built.

## All-Crop 72

On this model, a new header design was implemented; an auger feed instead of a canvas conveyor. Produced from 1959 to 1969, approximately 75,000 of these were built.

## All-Crop 90

The largest pull-type All-Crop, this model had a seven and a half foot header and was matched to the Allis-Chalmers D-series tractors. Produced from 1957 to 1960, about 7,540 units of this model produced.

## All-Crop SP100

Powered by an Allis W-226 engine, the 100 could be equipped with a 9-foot or 12-foot header. Weighing in at 6,760 lbs, 4,500 units of this machine were produced from 1953 to 1957. It was replaced by the Super 100 model in 1958.

## All-Crop Super SP100

Essentially the same as the All-Crop 100, the Super 100 had a few more luxuries. It was replaced by the Gleaner series when Allis acquired the Gleaner Harvester Corp. Built only in 1958, there were approximately 1,000 of these machines produced.
# Loudon Township, Carroll County, Ohio

Loudon Township is one of the fourteen townships of Carroll County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 925.

## Geography

Located in the southeastern corner of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Lee Township - north
* Springfield Township, Jefferson County - east
* German Township, Harrison County - southeast
* Rumley Township, Harrison County - south
* Perry Township - west
No municipalities are located in Loudon Township.

## Name and history

Statewide, the only other Loudon Township is located in Seneca County.
At the March, 1836 meeting of the County commissioners the entry made was : "After reading and considering the petition for the erection and alteration of several townships in different parts of the county the following is moved": "A township named Loudon was ordered to be erected from the balance of the said Rock Township and Jefferson Township."

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## Education

Students attend the Carrollton Exempted Village School District in most of the township and Edison Local School District near the village of Amsterdam.
# Bessa (name)

Bessa is a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Bessa (born 1992), French-Tunisian actor
* Adriano Bessa (born 1976), Portuguese footballer
* Agustina Bessa-Luís (1922–2019), Portuguese writer
* Daniel Bessa (born 1993), Brazilian footballer
* Diogo Bessa (born 1999), Portuguese footballer
* Éber Bessa (born 1992), Brazilian footballer
* Erik Bessa (born 1996), Brazilian footballer
* João Paulo Bessa (born 1947), Portuguese rugby union footballer and coach
# CFLAR

CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFLAR gene. Also called c-FLIP (FLICE-like inhibitory protein).
# Martyna Byczkowska

Martyna Byczkowska (born 26 November 1995) is a Polish actress.

## Biography

Martyna Byczkowska was born in Gdynia and grew up in Gdańsk and Kartuzy. She moved to Warsaw at the age of 18 to attend the National Academy of Dramatic Art, and graduated in 2019.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2017 | Man Proposes, God Disposes | Kinga | |
| 2018 | Ding Dong | Granddaughter | Short film |
| 2022 | Na chwilę, na zawsze [pl] | Pola | |
| 2022 | Obudź się | Zosia | |
| 2023 | Wspaniałe kilka minut | Eliza Zarakowska | Short film |
| 2024 | Rzeczy niezbędne [pl] | Bride | |
| 2024 | Skrzyżowanie | | |
| TBA | Chopin, Chopin! | Maria Wodzińska | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2018 | O mnie się nie martw [pl] | Julia Gąsowska | 3 episodes |
| 2018 | Druga szansa [pl] | Young patient | 2 episodes |
| 2018 | Opowiem Ci o zbrodni | Herself | 1 episode |
| 2020 | The Woods | Kamila Kopińska | 4 episodes |
| 2021–23 | The Convict | Hania Mazur | Main role; 17 episodes |
| 2022 | Mental | Lena Gradziuk | 8 episodes |
| 2023 | Absolute Beginners | Lena Głowacka | Main role; 6 episodes |
| 2023 | 1670 | Aniela | Main role; 8 episodes |
# Elegia miserabilis

Elegia miserabilis is a species of moth of the family Pyralidae. It was described by Embrik Strand in 1919 and is found in Taiwan.
# 1913 Kansas State Aggies football team

The 1913 Kansas State Aggies football team represented Kansas State Agricultural College—now known as Kansas State University—as a member of the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (KCAC) and the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1913 college football season. Led by third-year head coach Guy Lowman, the Aggies compiled an overall record of 3–4–1 with a mark of 2–1–1 in KCAC play, placing fourth in the KCAC. Kansas State was 0–2 against MVC opponents, placing sixth in that conference.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 3 | Southwestern (KS) | Ahearn FieldManhattan, KS | L 10–13 |
| October 11 | at Nebraska | Nebraska FieldLincoln, NE (rivalry) | L 6–24 |
| October 18 | Kansas State Normal | Ahearn FieldManhattan, KS | W 33–0 |
| October 25 | Kansas | Ahearn FieldManhattan, KS (rivalry) | L 0–26 |
| November 1 | Fairmount | Ahearn FieldManhattan, KS | W 30–7 |
| November 8 | Texas A&M* | Ahearn FieldManhattan, KS | W 12–0 |
| November 18 | at Texas* | Clark FieldAustin, TX | L 0–46 |
| November 27 | at Washburn | Topeka, KS | T 6–6 |
| *Non-conference game |||||
# Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011

Turkey was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with the song "Live It Up", composed by Kutlu Özmakinacı, with lyrics by Ergün Arsal, and performed by the band Yüksek Sadakat. The Turkish participating broadcaster, Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT), internally selected its entry for the contest.

## Before Eurovision
### Internal selection

In October 2010, Turkish Eurovision website eurovisiondream.com launched an online petition to persuade Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT) to hold a national final instead of an internal selection, aiming to reach 10,000 signatures in two weeks. However, TRT announced on 1 January 2011 that it had selected the band Yüksek Sadakat to represent Turkey in Düsseldorf. Prior to the announcement of Yüksek Sadakat as the Turkish representative, rumoured artists in Turkish media included Atiye, Ayna, Hande Yener, Hayko Cepkin, and Şebnem Ferah. Three songs, all written in English, were submitted by the band to the broadcaster in late January 2011 and a selection committee selected "Live It Up" as the song they would perform at the contest.
On 25 February 2011, "Live It Up" was presented to the public during a press conference that took place at the TRT Tepebaşı Studios in Istanbul, broadcast on TRT 1 as well as online via the official Eurovision Song Contest website eurovision.tv. The song was written by members of the band Kutlu Özmakinacı and Ergün Arsal.

## At Eurovision

Turkey competed in the first semi-final on 10 May 2011 but did not qualify for the final, placing 13th with 47 points. The public awarded Turkey 10th place with 54 points and the jury awarded 12th place with 58 points. This was the first and as of 2012, only time that Turkey did not make it to the final since the semi-final system was introduced in 2004. It was the first year that Turkey wasn't present in a Eurovision final since 1994, when they had been relegated due to a poor result in 1993.
# Arminius (dialogue)

Arminius. Dialogus Huttenicus quo humo patriae amantissimus patriae laudem celebravit, more commonly known simply as Arminius, is a Latin dialogue by the German Renaissance humanist Ulrich von Hutten (1488–1523). It was likely written in 1520, but not published until 1529, six years after Hutten's death.
Arminius is notable for being the first modern text to adapt the story of the Germanic military leader Arminius (often called Hermann) after the rediscovery of Tacitus' Annals and Germania in the fifteenth century, and for inspiring several later adaptations by German authors, perhaps most notably Heinrich von Kleist's 1808 play Die Hermannsschlacht.

## Background and content

Tacitus’ Annals were rediscovered in the early 1400s and became more widely known from 1492. Part of the Annals discusses the figure of Arminius, a Germanic chieftain who commands a confederation of tribes to defeat a superior Roman force at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9AD, thereby rescuing the tribes from Roman domination. After the rediscovery of the Annals, the story of Arminius quickly became important for German humanists, as it provided a historical figure who could be idealised and presented as a model for contemporary Germans and their leaders. Thus Conrad Celtes and Jakob Wimpfeling made use of Arminius in their nationalist writings.
Hutten studied in Italy in 1515, where he became familiar with the text of Tacitus’ Annals as well as Lucian’s Dialogues of the Dead, but it was not until 1520 that Hutten's Arminius was composed. In writing the dialogue, Hutten took inspiration from these two sources; the author used Tacitus’ positive depiction of Arminius to insert the chieftain into the scene of Lucian’s twelfth dialogue, which features Alexander the Great, Scipio Africanus, and Hannibal arguing for the position of the greatest general of history, with Minos as judge. In Hutten’s dialogue, Arminius joins the other leaders to plead his own case, and calls on Tacitus to verify his claims. Arminius’ rhetoric is so powerful that he wins the competition, and thus Minos concludes the dialogue with the following words:
   "It is indeed necessary that all who know Arminius love him deeply because of his splendid character, and further it is appropriate that you, German, be honoured, nor is it right that we ever become forgetful of your excellent qualities."
As Doyé notes, Hutten's conclusion sets Arminius amongst the great Greco-Roman generals, thus creating a place for Germans in antiquity.

## Legacy

Hutten's dialogue was published several times in the 1500s, but the first major German translation did not arrive until 1815. Nonetheless, Hutten's Arminius is credited with having "started the Hermann cult in German poetry" and having influenced later adaptations of the Arminius/Hermann story, such as Heinrich von Kleist's 1808 play Die Hermannsschlacht. MagShamhráin argues that Kleist likely was familiar with Hutten's text in the original Latin, and views Kleist's play as directly "attacking" the Arminius dialogue.
# Trilling gnatwren

The trilling gnatwren (Ramphocaenus melanurus), formerly long-billed gnatwren, is a very small bird in the gnatcatcher family. It found from southeast Mexico south to Ecuador and Amazonia.

## Taxonomy

The trilling gnatwren was described by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1819 from a specimen collected in Brazil. He coined the binomial name Ramphocaenus melanurus. The genus name Ramphocaenus means "unusual beak", from the Ancient Greek rhamphos (ῥάµϕος, "beak") and cænos (καινός, "strange"). The specific epithet combines the Ancient Greek melas "black" and oura "tail". A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2018 found that two subspecies of Ramphocaenus melanurus formed a separate clade. The subspecies were split off to become the chattering gnatwren and the English name of this species was changed from "long-billed gnatwren" to "trilling gnatwren".
Thirteen subspecies are recognised:
* R. m. rufiventris (Bonaparte, 1838) – south Mexico to west Ecuador
* R. m. ardeleo Van Tyne & Trautman, 1941 – Yucatán Peninsula (southeast Mexico) and north Guatemala
* R. m. panamensis Phillips, AR, 1991 – central and east Panama
* R. m. sanctaemarthae Sclater, PL, 1862 – north Colombia and northwest Venezuela
* R. m. griseodorsalis Chapman, 1912 – west Colombia
* R. m. pallidus Todd, 1913 – Zulia Valley (north central Colombia) and west Venezuela
* R. m. trinitatis Lesson, R, 1839 – east Colombia to north Venezuela, Trinidad
* R. m. albiventris Sclater, PL, 1883 – east Venezuela, the Guianas and north Brazil
* R. m. duidae Zimmer, JT, 1937 – northeast Ecuador to south Venezuela
* R. m. badius Zimmer, JT, 1937 – northeast Peru and southeast Ecuador
* R. m. amazonum Hellmayr, 1907 – east Peru to north central Brazil
* R. m. austerus Zimmer, JT, 1937 – east Brazil south of the Amazon
* R. m. melanurus Vieillot, 1819 – east central Brazil

## Description

Adult trilling gnatwrens are 12–13 cm (4.7–5.1 in) in length and weigh 8–11 g (0.28–0.39 oz). They have a long, thin bill and a short cocked tail. The upperparts are grey-brown, with rufous on the sides of the head. The throat is white, shading to buff on the rest of the underparts. The tail is black with white tips to all but the central feathers, and is frequently wagged. R. m. trinitatis, of eastern Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad has paler underparts, and buff flanks and head sides. The call is a trilled drdrdrdrdrdrdrdrdrdr.

## Habitat

It is found in the undergrowth and vines of dry forest and secondary woodland from Mexico south to Peru and Brazil, and on Trinidad.

## Behaviour
### Breeding

Trilling gnatwrens build a deep cup nest very low in a small plant or sapling. The two white eggs are incubated by both parents for 16–17 days to hatching, with a further 11–12 days to fledging.

### Feeding

Trilling gnatwrens forage actively in vegetation, eating mainly insects, insect eggs and spiders. They usually occur in pairs or family groups.
# Silvio Confortola

Silvio Confortola (13 January 1910 – 29 January 2003) was an Italian cross-country skier who competed in the 1930s.

## Biography

He won a bronze medal in the 4 x 10 km at the 1937 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. He also participated in the 1948 Winter Olympics, where he placed sixth in the 4 x 10 km relay competition and eighteenth in the 50 km event.
At the 1935 Trofeo Mezzalama, together with Aristide Compagnoni and Mario Compagnoni, he finished third. The 1938 Trofeo Mezzalama he won together with brothers Severino and Aristide Compagnoni.

## Further notable results

* 1938: 3rd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 50 km
* 1939: 2nd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 18 km
* 1943: 3rd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 18 km
* 1946: 3rd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 50 km
* 1947: 2nd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 45 km
# Information Doesn't Want to Be Free

Information Doesn't Want to Be Free is a 2014 non-fiction book by the science fiction writer and Internet activist Cory Doctorow. In the book, he advocates loosening restrictions on intellectual property on the Internet. He states that "[i]nformation doesn’t want to be free,...people do.”
Doctorow disagrees with claims by creators and creative industry representatives that downloading and streaming of content online (e.g., songs) is hurting creators and creative industries. Doctorow argues that a "free and open digital culture" provides a net benefit to society. Movie and music industries have tried to stop online pirated sharing of their content. Similarly, book authors have tried to prevent their texts from being made available on the Internet.
According to Doctorow, "an open Internet is like a musician or street performer busking on the street." If people passing by enjoy the performance, they put money in the hat. While some people will listen and then leave without putting money in the hat, enough fans will put money in the hat. Doctorow claims that this analogy will work on the Internet. He says that just because the Internet and computers facilitate the copying and posting of content online, this doesn't mean that users will pirate content. Doctorow argues that, rather than reducing piracy, digital locks on content provoke it.