# Timeline of Nice

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nice, France.

## Prior to 19th century

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Ancient Prehistory   Greek colonies 600 BC – 49 BC Celtic Gaul   until 50 BC Roman Gaul 50 BC – 486 AD :
Middle Ages Francia and the Frankish settlement   Merovingians 481–751 Carolingians 751–987     West Francia 843–987 Kingdom of France 987–1792     Direct Capetians 987–1328     Valois 1328–1498 :
Early modernAncien Régime
Valois-Orléans kings 1498–1515 Valois-Angoulême kings 1515–1589 Bourbon kings 1589–1792 :
Long 19th century French Revolution 1789–1799 Kingdom of France 1791–1792 First Republic 1792–1804 First Empire 1804–1814 Restoration 1814–1830 July Monarchy 1830–1848 Second Republic 1848–1852 Second Empire 1852–1870 Third Republic 1870–1940     Belle Époque 1871–1914 :
20th century Third Republic 1870–1940     Interwar period 1919–1939         Années folles 1920–1929 Free FranceVichy France 1940–1944 Provisional Republic 1944–1946 Fourth Republic 1946–1958 Fifth Republic 1958–present :
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* 262 CE - Nice taken by Goth forces.
* 859 - Nice sacked by Saracens.
* 880 - Nice sacked by Saracens again.
* 1388 - Dedication of Nice to Savoy [fr] effected.
* 1538 - Peace treaty [fr] signed in Nice.
* 1543 - Siege of Nice by Turkish forces.
* 1545 - Pont-Vieux, Nice [fr] (bridge) rebuilt.
* 1561 - Italian replaces Latin as official language of Nice.
* 1564 - Major earthquake.
* 1650/85 - Nice Cathedral constructed.
* 1706 - Castle of Nice demolished by Duke of Berwick by command of Louis XIV.
* 1720
** Nice becomes part of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
** Medical school established.
* 1722 - Hôtel de Ville built.
* 1724 - Abbaye Saint-Pons de Nice [fr] church built.
* 1770 - Quai des Ponchettes built.
* 1772 - Gazette de Nice [fr] newspaper begins publication.
* 1780 - Route Royale Nice-Turin [fr] paved.
* 1783 - Cimetière du Château (cemetery) established.
* 1784 - Chapelle du Saint-Sépulcre de Nice [fr] built.
* 1790 - Public library founded.
* 1792 - Conquered by French Revolutionary troops in September, annexed in November.
* 1793
** Nice becomes part of the Alpes-Maritimes department of France.
** Population: 24,117.
* 1800 - May: Nice occupied briefly by Austrian forces.

## 19th century

* 1812 - Lycée Masséna [fr] (school) opens.
* 1814 - Nice is returned to and thus becomes part of the Kingdom of Sardinia per Congress of Vienna.
* 1822 - Promenade des Anglais construction begins.
* 1832 - 25 April: Religious Vow of Nice [fr] taken in response to cholera epidemic.
* 1846 - Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Nice founded.
* 1852
** Église Notre-Dame-des-Grâces [fr] (church) built.
** English circulating library active.
* 1854 - Jardin Albert 1er [fr] (park) opens.
* 1855 - Maritime trade flourishes.
* 1856 - Population: 44,091.
* 1860 - Annexation of the County of Nice to France [fr].
* 1861 - Francization begins.
* 1863 - Phare du Littoral newspaper begins publication.
* 1864
** Avenue Jean Médecin laid out.
** Nice-Ville station opened.
* 1867 - Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice, established.
* 1870 - Swiss and Nice Times newspaper begins publication.
* 1871 - Niçard Vespers, three days of popular uprising in support of the union of the County of Nice with the Kingdom of Italy.
* 1879
** Horsecar tramway begins operating.
** Le Petit Niçois [fr] newspaper begins publication.
* 1881 - 23 March: Opéra de Nice burns down.
* 1882
** Promenade of Nice [fr] built.
** Pont-Neuf (Nice) [fr] (bridge) demolished.
* 1883 - L'Éclaireur newspaper begins publication.
* 1884 - Casino municipal de Nice [fr] built.
* 1885 - Opéra de Nice rebuilt.
* 1886 - Synagogue de Nice [fr] built.
* 1887 - Nice Observatory inaugurated.
* 1890 - Nice Lawn Tennis Club established.
* 1891
** 4 October: Garibaldi monument, Nice [fr] unveiled in Place Garibaldi [fr].
** Population: 88,273.
* 1892
** Gare du Sud built.
** Grasse-Nice Chemins de Fer de Provence (railway) begins operating.
* 1896 - Monument du Centenaire [fr] erected in the Jardin Albert 1er.
* 1900 - Electric tramway begins operating.

## 20th century
### 1901-1944

* 1901 - Population: 105,109.
* 1903 - A la mieu bella Nissa popular song written.
* 1904
** Gymnaste Club de Nice formed.
** Promenade des Anglais extended to the river Var.
* 1911 - Population: 142,940.
* 1912 - Russian Orthodox Cathedral opens, funded by Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.
* 1913 - Hotel Negresco in business.
* 1916 - Conservatory of Nice founded.
* 1919
** Canton of Nice-1, 2, 3, and 4 created.
** Victorine Studios of film established.
* 1927 - Stade du Ray (stadium) opens.
* 1928 - Palais des Arts opens.
* 1929 - Palais de la Méditerranée casino opens.
* 1931 - Population: 219,549.
* 1933 - Église Notre-Dame-Auxiliatrice de Nice [fr] (church) built.
* 1942 - 11 November: Italian occupation begins.
* 1943 - 8 September: Italian occupation ends.
* 1944
** 26 May: Bombing by Allied forces.
** 28 August: Battle of Nice [fr].

### 1945-1990s

* 1945 - Nice-matin newspaper begins publication.
* 1948 - Nice Jazz Festival begins.
* 1954
** Centre International de Formation Européenne headquartered in Nice.
** Population: 244,360.
* 1955 - Canton of Nice-5 and 6 created.
* 1956 - Fountain installed in the Place Masséna.
* 1963 - Musée Matisse opens.
* 1968 - Population: 322,442.
* 1970 - Palais Lascaris (musical instrument museum) opened.
* 1973
** Nice University Hospital [fr] established.
** Canton of Nice-7, 8, 9, 10 [fr], and 11 [fr] created.
* 1979 - 16 October: Weather-related 1979 Nice events occur.
* 1981 - June: 1981 Tour de France cycling race departs from Nice.
* 1982
** Canton of Nice-12 [fr], 13 [fr], and 14 [fr] created.
** Nice becomes part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
* 1984 - Palais des Congrès Acropolis built.
* 1988 - Le Standard de Nice [fr] newspaper begins publication.
* 1991 - Gare de Nice CP opens.
* 1995 - Jacques Peyrat becomes mayor.
* 1999
** Forum d'urbanisme et d'architecture [fr] established.
** Population: 342,738.

## 21st century .
### 2000s

* 2001 - 26 February: European Treaty of Nice signed in city.
* 2002 - Urban community of Nice Côte d'Azur created.
* 2003 - Bombing.
* 2007 - Nice tramway opens.
* 2008 - Christian Estrosi becomes mayor.

### 2010s

* 2011
** Metropolis Nice Côte d'Azur created.
** Population: 344,064.
* 2013
** Allianz Riviera stadium opens.
** 2013 Jeux de la Francophonie held in Nice.
* 2014 - March: Nice municipal election, 2014 [fr] held.
* 2015
** February: Stabbing.
** October: 2015 Alpes-Maritimes flood [fr] occurs.
** December: 2015 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regional election held.
* 2016 - July: Terrorist attack kills 86 and injures 434.

### 2020s

* 2020 - October: Terrorist attack kills three, with one victim being beheaded.
* 2024 - July: Arson attack kills 7 and injures 33