OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PP

PP, pp or P$_p$ may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Pianissimo, a music term meaning very quiet, from musical dynamics
* Production code for the 1967–1968 Doctor Who serial The Enemy of the World
* Police Procedural – a subgenre of procedural drama and detective fiction
* Peppa Pig, a British preschool animated television series

## Businesses and organisations
### Political parties

* Patriotic Party (Guatemala)
* People's Party (Spain) (Partido Popular)
* Pirate Party (Global)
* Progressistas (Brazil) (Progressistas)
* Progressive Party (Iceland)
* People's Partnership (Trinidad and Tobago)
* We Continue the Change (Bulgaria) ("Prodalzhavame promyanata")

### Other businesses and organizations

* Pancasila Youth (Pemuda Pancasila), an Indonesian paramilitary organization
* PediaPress, a German software company
* Planned Parenthood, a reproductive health organization
* Philipp Plein, logo
* PayPal, an online payments company

## Religion

* pp, Papa Pontifex, post-nominal used by popes

## Science, technology, and mathematics
### Biology and medicine

* Vitamin PP or nicotinamide
* Paliperidone palmitate, an antipsychotic medication
* Pancreatic polypeptide, a polypeptide secreted by PP cells
** PP cell or pancreatic polypeptide cell
* pro parte, abbreviated p.p., for a type of synonymy in taxonomy

### Computing

* PP (complexity), a probabilistic polynomial time complexity class
* PP-format (Post Processing Format), a file format for meteorological data
* PP X.400, an e-mail protocol
* Plug and play (P&P), a property of a peripheral device
* Microsoft PowerPoint, a presentation program

### Mathematics

* P–P plot, a probability plot, in statistics
* Percentage point, in business writing and statistics
* Process performance index (P$_p$)
* Presque partout (almost everywhere), in measure theory and analysis (is always lower case – 'pp'; in English 'ae' is often used instead.)

### Other uses in science and technology

* Paris Principles (cataloging), a theoretical foundation for the creation of bibliographical cataloging rules for libraries
* Walther PP, a pistol
* Length between perpendiculars ("pp" or "p/p"), the length of a ship
* Peak to peak (p–p) amplitude of a signal
* Polypropylene, a common plastic polymer
* Proton–proton chain, in nuclear physics and astronomy

## Other uses

* p.p., Per procurationem, when signing on behalf of another
* pp, pages (of a book), an example of the convention of doubling the letters in the acronym to indicate plural words, see Acronym and initialism § Representing plurals and possessives
* Percy Pig, a British brand of pig-shaped fruit-flavoured confectionery products
* Peso Pluma, musician
* Pierre Poilievre, Conservative politician in Canada.
* PinkPantheress, singer
# Patrick Whitefield

Patrick Whitefield (born Patrick R. Vickers, 11 February 1949 – 27 February 2015) was a British permaculture teacher, designer, author, and consulting editor for Permaculture Magazine. He was regarded as one of the leading and pioneering permaculture authorities in Europe.

## Life

He was born Patrick Vickers, in Devizes, Wiltshire, and grew up on a smallholding in Somerset before studying agriculture at Shuttleworth College in Bedfordshire. After several years working in agriculture in the Middle East and Africa, he returned to Somerset and bought a flower-rich hay meadow, the White Field near Butleigh, to maintain it as a nature reserve. Thereafter he took his name from the field, which, after 25 years, he transferred to the care of the Somerset Wildlife Trust.
As well as producing vegetables, Whitefield undertook a variety of traditional country crafts, and for a period was a prominent member of the Ecology Party (forerunner of the Green Party of England and Wales) and was involved in the early years of the Glastonbury music festival. He was an influential British exponent of the permaculture system from 1990, developing his own approach. He was interviewed in several television programmes advocating permaculture, including the BBC's It's Not Easy Being Green (2006) and A Farm for the Future (2008).
He taught on various courses in England, including at Ragmans Lane Farm in Gloucestershire and created the first online permaculture design course in Britain. He also worked as a permaculture design consultant, and set up Patrick Whitefield Associates to pass on his skills and experience to a new generation of teachers.
He died at his home in Glastonbury, Somerset, on 27 February 2015, aged 66.

## Books

* Tipi Living (1987) ISBN 9781856230162
* Permaculture in a Nutshell (1993) ISBN 9781856230032
* How to Make a Forest Garden (1996) ISBN 9781856230087
* The Earth Care Manual (2004) ISBN 9781856230216
* The Living Landscape, How to Read it and Understand it (2010) ISBN 9781856230438
* The Minimalist Gardener (2017); posthumously published ISBN 9781856232852
# Digby Island

Digby Island is a small island immediately west of Kaien Island, and the location of the city of Prince Rupert, British Columbia. The island is home to the Prince Rupert Airport and the small community of Dodge Cove. It was named for Henry A. Digby, an officer on HMS Malacca.
Prior to European colonization, the island was occupied by the Tsimshian for thousands of years. The Tsimshian trickster, Txamsem, was believed to have been born there in the village of Kanagatsiyot, the current site of Dodge Cove.
Frederick Point at 54°15′19″N 130°21′49″W﻿ / ﻿54.25528°N 130.36361°W﻿ / 54.25528; -130.36361﻿ (Frederick Point) was one of the coastal defences of Canada's west coast during World War II, along with other sites around Prince Rupert. Another such installation was at Dundas Point, on the northeast side of the island at 54°19′21″N 130°24′54″W﻿ / ﻿54.32250°N 130.41500°W﻿ / 54.32250; -130.41500﻿ (Dundas Point).
# Terminal mode

A terminal mode is one of a set of possible states of a terminal or pseudo terminal character device in Unix-like systems and determines how characters written to the terminal are interpreted. In cooked mode data is preprocessed before being given to a program, while raw mode passes the data as-is to the program without interpreting any of the special characters.
The system intercepts special characters in cooked mode and interprets special meaning from them. Backspace, delete, and Control-D are typically used to enable line-editing for the input to the running programs, and other control characters such as Control-C and Control-Z are used for job control or associated with other signals. The precise definition of what constitutes a cooked mode is operating system-specific.
For example, if "ABC<Backspace>D" is given as an input to a program through a terminal character device in cooked mode, the program gets "ABD". But, if the terminal is in raw mode, the program gets the characters "ABC" followed by the Backspace character and followed by "D". In cooked mode, the terminal line discipline processes the characters "ABC<Backspace>D" and presents only the result ("ABD") to the program.
Technically, the term "cooked mode" should be associated only with streams that have a terminal line discipline, but generally it is applied to any system that does some amount of preprocessing.

## cbreak mode

cbreak mode (sometimes called rare mode) is a mode between raw mode and cooked mode. Unlike cooked mode it works with single characters at a time, rather than forcing a wait for a whole line and then feeding the line in all at once. Unlike raw mode, keystrokes like abort (usually Control-C) are still processed by the terminal and will interrupt the process.
# Dansefeber season 1

Dansefeber is the Norwegian version of So You Think You Can Dance.
Channel: TVNorge (Norway)
Dansefeber holds auditions in major cities across Norway, looking for the top dancers in each city. All types of dance backgrounds are encouraged to audition. Salsa, ballroom, hip-hop, streetdance, contemporary, jazz, ballet and many other types of dancers can be seen auditioning for a chance to win the grand prize.
The first season of Dansefeber was hosted by Kjetil Tefke and Henriette Lien and judges were Lars Undli (break dancer, one of those who brought break dance to Norway), Vibeke Sørlie (hip hop dancer and choreographer, also judge for next season), Jan Ivar Lund (jazz, contemporary and ballroom dancer and choreographer, choreographed for season 2 and So You Think You Can Dance — Scandinavia) and Merete Lingjærde (contemporary choreographer, also judge for next season of Dansefeber and So You Think You Can Dance — Scandinavia).
Male break dancer Adil Khan won the first season of Dansefeber.
Female contemporary/jazz dancer Maria H. Nygård came runner-up.
Male contemporary/jazz dancer Christopher Flinder Pedersen took the 3rd place.
Female contemporary/jazz dancer Tine Aspaas came 4th. (Aspaas was choreographer for season 2 of Dansefeber and So You Think You Can Dance — Scandinavia).
16 dancers were sent to the live shows after the Fever Days in Oslo. Then one male and one female dancer went home every week, and at the end, we knew who won the first series of Dansefeber.

## Finals
### Elimination chart

| Week: | Finale |
| Contestant | Result |
| Adil Khan | Winner |
| Maria Henriette Nygård | Runner-up |
| Christopher Flinder Petersen | 3rd Place |
| Tina Aspaas | 4th Place |

### Finale

* Group routines:
** Top 16 (without top 4): "Bite the Dust"—Pussycat Dolls
* Couple routines:
| Couple | Style | Music | Choreographer |
| Tine Aspaas Christopher Petersen | Paso Doble | "España cañí"—Boston Pops Orchestra | Gunn Myhrengen |
| Maria Nygård Adil Khan | Paso Doble | "España cañí"—Boston Pops Orchestra | Gunn Myhrengen |
| Christopher Pedersen Adil Khan | Hip-hop | "Can't Let You Go"—Fabolous feat. Lil Mo | Solveig Kitmitto Judy Nyambura Karanja |
| Tine Aspaas Maria Nygård | Jazz | "Believe"—The Chemical Brothers | Subjazz |
| Maria Nygård Christopher Pedersen | Broadway | "All That Jazz"—Ute Lemper | Toni Ferraz |
| Tine Aspaas Adil Khan | Broadway | "All That Jazz"—Ute Lemper | Toni Ferraz |
* Solos:
** Tine Aspaas
** Christopher Pedersen
** Maria Nygård
** Adil Khan: "The Diva Dance"—Sarah Brightman
* Eliminated in order:
** Tine Aspaas
** Christopher Pedersen
** Maria Nygård
* Winner:
** Adil Khan
# 3 February Hydroelectric Dam

The 3 February Hydroelectric Dam (Spanish: Central Hidroeléctrica 3 de Febrero), also known as El Chaparral, is a dam and hydroelectric power plant located in San Luis de la Reina, San Miguel, El Salvador.

## History

In 1998, the Salvadoran government initiated surveys to construct the dam and hydroelectric power plant. Construction began in 2008, and the Italian company Astaldi was contracted to build the dam. Construction was suspended in 2010 when Astaldi stated that there were problems at the location where the dam was being built. In 2020, the Salvadoran government presented evidence against former President Mauricio Funes and other government officials accusing them of money laundering and embezzlement regarding the construction project.
Construction resumed in August 2019 during presidency of Nayib Bukele, who had previously described the project as "monument to corruption" ("monumento a la corrupción"). In August 2020, Bukele announced that the dam would be renamed from the El Chaparral Dam to the 3 February Dam, in reference to 3 February 2019, the date that Bukele was elected as president of El Salvador. Construction was completed in October 2022.
On 19 October 2023, Bukele inaugurated the dam and power plant. Bukele explained that the inauguration was delayed to allow the reservoir to be filled with water. During the inauguration, Bukele stated that the dam would reduce electricity prices by 14 percent.

## Specifications

The dam's power plant has an installed capacity of 67 megawatts. It cost US$800 million to build.

## Environmental impact

Environmentalists have warned that the dam's construction could endanger more than 60 species living near the project.
# Repsol Campus

Repsol Campus is a building that serves as headquarters of the oil company Repsol, located on Mendez Alvaro street, 44, in the city of Madrid, Spain. It was designed by the architect Rafael de La-Hoz Arderius. The plot of this building, which houses about 4,000 employees, is equivalent to the extension of the Monastery of El Escorial and the size of its indoor garden is a bit longer than a soccer field. This building located within the ring of the M30 Motorway is one of the few major corporate centers in the center of the Spanish capital.

## Characteristics

The Repsol Campus consists of four horizontal buildings surrounding a spacious garden, the complex is characterized by a "smart" building with large glass facades, which enables optimal use of natural light in all areas of the campus. The project was conceived with sustainability standards, careful use of recycled materials, the use of alternative energy sources, as well as accessibility for people with limited capacities and geographical location of the enclosure. Details such as water use were considered for designing the central garden, irrigation equipment using low power, as well as own facilities in the region of Madrid and the construction of an underground tank with a capacity of 250,000 liters which collects water rain for the maintenance of green spaces. In the internal spaces ambient temperature is controlled by a climate monitoring system that constantly checks the indicators to maintain a comfortable temperature for employees and visitors. The parking system (priority for management positions, hybrid or electric cars) is also automated so that it frees parking spaces when they are not being used and allows other workers to use of them. The pioneer construction in its kind, obtained the LEED-NC Certification in the Platinum category, certificate given to buildings that have been entirely designed and built with high sustainability criteria.

## Access

The location of this plot is in one of the main arterial roads of the center of Madrid, Méndez Álvaro Street, having nearby the homonymous Méndez Álvaro station and minutes from the Madrid Atocha railway station land transport hub, not only Madrid but also Spain.
# Johann Christoph Glaubitz

Johann Christoph Glaubitz (c. 1700 – 30 March 1767) was an architect of German descent who is generally considered to be the most prominent Baroque architect in the lands of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

## Early life

Glaubitz was born in Schweidnitz, Duchies of Silesia (now Świdnica, Poland), and spent the first 37 years of his life there.

## Architecture

After a devastating fire occurred in 1737 in Vilnius, he was called to rebuild Catholic St. Johns' Church, which in 1555 had been funded by German merchants.
Glaubitz, who was among the leaders of the Lutheran community of Vilnius, is credited for developing a distinct Lithuanian school of Baroque architecture, known as Vilnian Baroque, which is best reflected in the cityscape of the Vilnius Old Town. This has contributed to the widespread naming of Old Vilnius as the "City of Baroque".
There are at least four churches in Vilnius reconstructed by Glaubitz, namely the Church of St. Catherine (1743), the Church of the Ascension (1750), the Church of St. Johns, the monastery gate and the towers of the Church of the Holy Trinity. The magnificent and dynamic Baroque facade of the formerly Gothic Church of St. Johns (1749) is mentioned among his best works. Many church interiors including the one of the Great Synagogue of Vilna were reconstructed by Glaubitz as well as the Town Hall in 1769.
One of Glaubitz's notable buildings was the former Carmelite church of Glubokas (Hlybokaye), which he reconstructed in 1735; it is now the Orthodox Church of the Birth of Theotokos. In 1746—1750 he restored Mscislaŭ Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Other towns with Glaubitz's architecture include Mogiliavas (Mogilev), Lyda (Lida), and the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk, all three in what is now Belarus and Daugavpils in Latvia. The Basilian Church and Monastery in Berezwecz, now part of Hlybokaye, was built in 1776 and demolished in the 1960s and 1970s. Its replica was constructed in Białystok in the 1990s.
# Rushden, Hertfordshire

Rushden is a small village and civil parish which forms part of the grouped parish council of Rushden and Wallington in the North Hertfordshire district, in the county of Hertfordshire, England. Rushden is located just off the A507 between Baldock and Buntingford.

## Notable residents

* Sir Thomas Stanley (1625 in Cumberlow – 1678) an English author and translator.
* Percy Portsmouth, (1874–1953) sculptor, retired to "Youngloves" in Rushden.
# Sandon, Hertfordshire

Sandon is a village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district, in the county of Hertfordshire, England. Sandon is located near the towns of Baldock and Buntingford. The parish also includes the hamlets of Green End and Roe Green, and Blagrove Common, a nature reserve. At the 2011 Census the population of the civil parish was 495.
Sandon has 47 listed buildings, including
* one of Britain's estimated 200 medieval barns, the construction of which has been dendrochronologically dated to 1266–68.
* All Saints Church.
The Icknield Way Path passes through the village on its 110-mile (180 km) journey from Ivinghoe Beacon in Buckinghamshire to Knettishall Heath in Suffolk.
# The Brilliant Mind of Edison Lee

The Brilliant Mind of Edison Lee is a comic strip created by John Hambrock and distributed by King Features Syndicate. It debuted November 12, 2006. While this strip is about a ten-year-old boy genius, Edison Lee, it also has aspects of an editorial cartoon since Edison constantly talks about the US political, and economic situation. In March 2010, the strip was nominated for the National Cartoonists Society's division award in the category Newspaper Comic Strip, along with Zits and Non Sequitur.

## Characters and story

The strip stars Edison Lee, his family and his friend and assistant, a talking rat. The only regularly appearing secondary character is a U.S. Senator in political strips. Other secondary characters occur at such places as the fast food restaurant, the supermarket, and the hospital.

### Edison Lee

Edison Lee is an extremely smart ten-year-old who is obsessed with US politics. He creates inventions which directly relate to the current state of affairs in the US.

### Don Lee

Don is Edison’s father. While flummoxed at times about Edison's musings, he does react firmly when Edison makes unlikely demands.

### Carol Lee

Carol is Edison's mother. She is an educator and is the stable member of the family.

### Orville Lee

Orville, Edison’s paternal grandfather, is retired. He loves to eat junk food and watch TV. Any mention of healthy food and good health in general falls on deaf ears.

### Joules

Joules is Edison’s lab assistant, a talking rat. He only appears when Edison is conjuring up a new invention, board game or scheme in his laboratory.

## Style

The daily strip usually runs to four panels, with three panels appearing on some occasions. The Sunday strip is in a two-tiered format with a large throwaway logo panel appearing on the left. It is drawn in great detail and appears in color (online and in newspapers that carry daily color strips). Objects like computers, cars and other props required in a cartoon strip are presented as close to reality as possible. While much of the characters' lives takes place inside their house, they are frequently shown outside, gazing at the heavens or traveling into the woods. They are also shown shopping at a mall, buying medicines at a pharmacy and visiting the doctor.
There is very little serialization as in strips like Retail or Sherman's Lagoon where the story usually runs for a week or more. In The Brilliant Mind of Edison Lee the story generally runs on a day-to-day basis with some exceptions.
# Bero Bass

Bernas Avşar (born 23 July 1980), known professionally as Bero Bass, is a German rapper of Kurdish origin based in Cologne.

## Biography

In July 2009, Avşar was imprisoned after furiously attacking a 26-year-old male with a knife. He was awaiting his trial in prison before being released on bail in December 2009.
While he was in jail, his long-time friend OJ Kingpin, with whom he performed by the name La Honda as a rap duo, left the rap business, claiming gangster rap has no future and that they never earned any money from rapping.
Bero Bass passionely raps about Kurdistan in nearly all of his tracks, always saying 'Biji Kurdistan' (translating to Long Live Kurdistan) or waving Kurdish flags in his music videos.
Bero Bass released a track named Blick Richtung Sonne together with Bonn-based rapper Xatar and the Kurdish folk singer Şivan Perwer.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* 2007: Gorillas im Nebel (with OJ Kingpin as La Honda)
* 2008: La Honda Nostra (with OJ Kingpin as La Honda)
* 2009: Basstime
* 2011: Gangstafilm
* 2013: Gorillas im Nebel II (with OJ Kingpin as La honda)
* 2015: Animal
* 2019: Amigo

### Other Release

* 2007: Ich bin ein Outlaw (as La Honda with Eko Fresh and Outlawz)
* 2009: 8 Kammern (with Manuellsen)
* 2009: Playerhater
* 2009: San Quentin
* 2009: Das Leben ist
* 2010: Kölner JVA
* 2010: Ich mach es (with La Honda Allstars)
# Lance Butters

Lance Butters (born 1988) is a German rapper. Born and raised in Friedrichshafen in southern Germany, Butters started rapping in his youth.

## Biography

Lance Butters was born in 1988 in the South German town Friedrichshafen. In his childhood, his parents divorced, which he often mentioned in his music. Between 2006 and 2010, he participated in the Reimliga Battle Arena, a German online platform for rap battles. In 2010 and 2011, he participated in the Videobattleturnier (VBT), but lost against Tamo-Flage in 2016 and T-Jey in 2011. In the years, he also released multiple freetracks with the producer Bennett One on YouTube. On 22 December 2011, he released the studio album cooking sum as a member of the Frank Castle Cooking Gang, through Bandcamp. On 27 July 2012, he independently released his first solo project, the selfish EP. In May 2013, he signed with Four Music, through he released the EP futureshit on 12 July 2013. The EP charted at no. 32 for one week on the German Albums Chart, while the same titled single debuted at no. 73 in Austria.
His debut studio album Blaow was released on 8 May 2015 and debuted in the top ten in Germany and Austria. His second album was released on 12 October 2018.
On 20 April 2020, Butters released the single "Therapie" to commemorate the International day for cannabis. The following day, he released his fifth extended play Loner through A Corn Dawg Records. The same day, he announced a tour in Germany and Austria for October 2020, which was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic to May/June 2021.

## Discography
### Studio albums

List of studio albums, with chart positions :
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | GER | AUT | SWI |
| Blaow | Released: 8 May 2015 Label: Four Music Formats: CD, LP, digital download | 2 | 6 | 31 |
| Angst | Released: 12 October 2018 Label: Four Music Formats: CD, LP, digital download, | 10 | 11 | 70 |

### Extended plays

List of extended plays, with chart positions :
| Title | Album details | Peak |
| Title | Album details | GER |
| selfish | Released: 27 July 2012 Label: Self-released Formats: CD, digital download | — |
| futureshit | Released: 12 July 2013 Label: FourMusic Formats: CD, digital download | 32 |
| Die Welle (with Ahzumjot) | Released: 4 October 2016 Label: FourMusic Formats: CD, digital download | — |
| Loner | Released: 21 April 2020 Label: Corn Dawg Records Formats: CD, digital download | — |

### Singles

List of singles as lead artist :
| Title | Year | Album |
| "Wie gewohnt" (feat. Chris Miles) | 2013 | Non-album single |
| "Raw" | 2015 | Blaow |
| "Deal with It" | 2015 | Blaow |
| "Es zieht / Ich zieh" | 2015 | Blaow |
| "Track-by-Track Intro" | 2015 | Blaow |
| "Ohladidadida" (feat. Dissythekid) | 2016 | Non-album single |
| "Yeeeaaah" | 2018 | Angst |
| "So Schön" | 2018 | Angst |
| "Keller" | 2018 | Angst |
| "Therapie" | 2020 | Loner |