OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Subramaniam V. Iyer

Subramaniam Vishwanathan Iyer (born 25 December 1957), also known as S. "Vijay" Iyer, is the vice president and chief operating officer of the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, the former managing director of Rio Tinto India, and had previously served as Director of Energy and Sustainable Development at the World Bank Group.
Iyer holds an MS in chemistry from Jabalpur University and a Masters in Management from the Yale School of Management.

## Career
### Rio Tinto India

As managing director of Rio Tinto India, Iyer focused on strengthening the company's position in India and consolidating its operations. He brought a pronounced focus on sustainability and safety, building partnerships with other companies and more broadly within the Indian Mining Industry. As senior vice president of the Federation of Indian Mineral Industries (FIMI) and the chair of its Sustainability Mining Initiative, Iyer promoted sustainability initiatives and efforts aimed at lifting the public perception of mining in the country.

### World Bank Group
#### Sustainable Energy for All

Iyer's primary focus as Energy Director of the World Bank Group was increasing access to clean energy for the poor through collaboration between the public and private sectors, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa. Notable projects include the Bangladesh Solar Initiative, which provided solar power to over 2 million rural homes which were previously without electricity and lighting. Additionally, Iyer worked to increase electrification for thousands of rural poor in Senegal, Ethiopia, and Tanzania, and also implemented several biomass energy projects

#### Criticism

Despite the bank's efforts to increase electrification, Iyer drew criticism from environmental policy advocates in 2014 for asserting that fossil fuels are a viable option to increase electrification for Africa's poor. In response, Iyer maintained that renewable options were cost prohibitive for many regions in Africa that had no access to energy, and that in order for these cost barriers to be removed, the economic growth that results from initial electrification must first be realized.

### District Collector Indore

Prior to joining the World Bank, Iyer served as District collector through the Indian Administrative Service in the city of Indore in Madhya Pradesh, India. During his term as Collector, Iyer worked to enhance government transparency, eliminate corruption in the police force, and restore historic sites in the greater Indore area.
# Subramanian (GC)

Subedar Subramanian, GC, IDSM (18 December 1912 – 24 February 1944) was the first Indian to be awarded the George Cross.
Subramanian served with Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers and Miners, a unit of the Indian Army, during the Second World War. On 24 February 1944, during the Allied campaign in Italy he won the George Cross at Mignano by throwing himself onto a mine about to detonate and thus successfully protecting others from the blast. His award was gazetted posthumously on 30 June 1944. He was also awarded the Indian Distinguished Service Medal.

## Footnotes

* ↑ World War Two – India 2 at www.wewerethere.mod.uk
# Subrata Mukherjee (CPM politician)

Subrata Mukherjee (born 12 October 1942, in Dalkhola, West Dinajpur district, (West Bengal)) is a leader of Communist Party of India (Marxist) from West Bengal.
He served as member of the Lok Sabha representing Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency). He was elected to 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th Lok Sabha.
# Suchow

Suchow, Soochow, Su-chow, and Soo-chow are irregular romanizations of various Chinese placenames.
They generally refer to:
* Xuzhou in Jiangsu
* Suzhou in Jiangsu
* Suzhou, Gansu, a former name of Jiuquan in Gansu
* Xuzhou, Sichuan, a former name of Yibin in Sichuan
* Soochow University (Suzhou), Suzhou, China
* Soochow University (Taiwan), in Taipei
* Soochow (crater) on Mars

## Other uses

* Suchów in Poland
* "MV Soochow", ship with China Navigation Company of Hong Kong
# Universitat (Barcelona Metro)

Universitat is a Barcelona Metro station named after Plaça de la Universitat, split between Eixample and Ciutat Vella districts of Barcelona, where the station is located in. This square holds the historical building of Universitat de Barcelona, celebrated for its neo-Gothic style. The station is accessible for disabled persons since 1995, when Barcelona Metro line 2 opened its platforms. It is served by TMB-operated Barcelona Metro lines L1 and L2.

## Line 1

Barcelona Metro line 1 station was opened on 10 June 1926 as part of the original section of Ferrocarril Metropolità Transversal between the former station of Bordeta and Plaça de Catalunya station. The former metro station was very different from this one and was similar to Urgell and Rocafort metro stations. The metro station was closed between 1971 and 1972 when the new rail link between Sants railway station and Plaça de Catalunya was built, which passes very close to the metro station. This forced to change the original composition of the platforms to two platforms situated one above the other. The current station was opened on 23 December 1972, is located under Plaça de la Universitat and has two levels. The upper level has a large hall that is used by line 2 too and has some commercial areas and a customer office. On the same level there is one of the platforms while the other one is situated on the lower level.

## Line 2

Barcelona Metro line 2 station was opened on 25 September 1995 with the opening of the line between Sant Antoni and Sagrada Família metro stations. The station is located under Ronda de Sant Antoni, between Sepúlveda and Aribau streets. On the upper level there is a large hall which is the same for line 1 and it is connected directly with line 1 platform toward Hospital de Bellvitge. There is also an intermediate hall which connects directly with line 1 platform toward Fondo. The trains run on the lower level into two separated naves where each one holds a platform. Line 2 station was built completely adapted for disabled persons.
# Sudden Fiction (Continued)

Sudden Fiction (Continued): 60 New Short Stories is a 1996 short story collection compiled and edited by Robert Shapard and James Thomas. It is a follow-up to Sudden Fiction International (1989) and Sudden Fiction - American Short-Short Stories.
Notable authors in Sudden Fiction (Continued) include William Maxwell, Margaret Atwood, Don DeLillo, Mark Richard, Molly Giles, Bruce Holland Rogers, Barry Peters, Andrew Lam, and Judy Troy.

## Reception

Critical reception to the short story collection was positive. A reviewer from Publishers Weekly felt that the authors created fast-paced stories with "full, vivid characters and descriptions" while keeping the stories short. Greg Johnson wrote in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution that some of the short stories seemed gimmicky, but that Sudden Fiction (Continued) was a rich, vibrant collection otherwise. Lisa Meyers from the Los Angeles Times thought that the short story collection succeeded because it offered a "variety of voices, themes, and narrative techniques." Booklist's Michele Leber liked the book's format, stating that it is "perfectly suited to the pace of modern life" since the short stories can be read in a few minutes time.
# Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Engineering, Pune

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pimpri, Pune is a co-educational engineering college in Pimpri-Chinchwad, Pune. The college is affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University. It was ranked 172nd in the engineering category by the National Institute of Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2021.
The college is named after D. Y. Patil, former governor of Bihar in India.

## Academics

Undergraduate
* Civil engineering
* Mechanical engineering
* Electronics and Telecommunication engineering
* Instrumentation and control engineering
* Computer engineering
* Electrical engineering
* Information Technology
* Artificial intelligence and data science (since 2020)
* Automation and Robotics
Postgraduate
* Computer engineering (computer science engineering)
* Machine design (mechanical engineering)
* Heat and power (mechanical engineering)
* Environmental engineering (civil engineering)
* Management (civil engineering)
* Manufacturing engineering and automation (production engineering)
* Communication networks (electronics and telecommunication engineering)
# Lothbury

Lothbury is a short street in the City of London. It runs east–west with traffic flow in both directions, between Gresham Street's junction with Old Jewry and Coleman Street to the west, and Bartholomew Lane's junction with Throgmorton Street to the east.

## History

The area was populated with coppersmiths in the Middle Ages before later becoming home to a number of merchants and bankers. According to Stow, the street was:
   possessed for the most part by founders that cast candlesticks, chafing dishes, spice mortars, and such-like copper or laton works, and do afterwards turn them with the foot and not with the wheel, to make them smooth and bright with turning and scratching (as some do term it), making a loathsome noise to the by-passers that have not been used to the like, and therefore by them disdainfully called Lothberie.
Lothbury was the location of the Whalebone, a meeting place for the radical Leveller movement in the mid seventeenth-century.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Great Northern & City Railway planned an underground railway station at Lothbury, but this was abandoned because of financial constraints. Today the nearest London Underground station is Bank, a short way to the south. The nearest mainline railway station is Liverpool Street, with National Rail services towards East Anglia.

## Buildings

The Bank of England moved to its present site on Threadneedle Street in 1734. Lothbury borders the Bank on the building's northern side, and some of Sir John Soane's work dating from 1788 can still be seen there today.
Opposite the Bank is the Christopher Wren church St Margaret Lothbury.
41 Lothbury is a particularly noteworthy office building, designed by architects Mewes and Davis, with interior columns, marble walls and floor. It was for many years the head office of National Westminster Bank. The Grade II* listed building was completed in 1932 and replaced a nineteenth-century building designed by Charles Robert Cockerell.

## People associated with Lothbury

Having retired as Governor of the Bank of England, Mervyn King was made a life peer and now has the title Baron King of Lothbury.
Charles Hoole had his school in Lothbury.
# Beauty Point, New South Wales

Beauty Point is an urban locality in the suburb of Mosman in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the local government area of the Municipality of Mosman and is part of the Lower North Shore.

## History

Beauty Point takes its name from the piece of land protruding into the Middle Harbour, off Sydney Harbour. It was originally known as Billy Goat Point, but was renamed when it was subdivided to be sold.

## Schools

* Beauty Point Public School

## Churches

* St Thérèse of the Child Jesus Catholic Church
# Jodha Gurung

Jodha Gurung (born 14 July 1954) is a Nepalese middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Transfer-matrix method

Transfer-matrix method may refer to:
* Transfer-matrix method (statistical mechanics), a mathematical technique used to write the partition function into a simpler form.
* Transfer-matrix method (optics), a method to analyze the propagation of electromagnetic or acoustic waves through a stratified medium.
* Ray transfer matrix analysis in geometric optics, a mathematical method for performing ray tracing calculations.
* Transfer-matrix method (combinatorics), a method for computing the total weight of all walks of a given length between a pair of vertices in a weighted graph.Topics referred to by the same term
# West Chazy, New York

West Chazy is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Chazy in Clinton County, New York, United States. The population was 529 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

West Chazy is located in the southwestern part of the town of Chazy along the Little Chazy River, which flows northeastward to Lake Champlain. New York State Route 22 passes through the hamlet, leading south 10 miles (16 km) to Plattsburgh, the county seat, and north 10 miles (16 km) to Mooers. The hamlet of Chazy is 6 miles (10 km) to the northeast along county roads.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the West Chazy CDP has a total area of 1.9 square miles (4.9 km$^2$), all land.

## Education

The census-designated place is within the Beekmantown Central School District.
# Nick Lipscombe

Colonel Nicolas John Lipscombe FRHistS (born 5 June 1958 in Angers, France) is a British historian, author, tour guide, lecturer and university tutor.

## Military career

Lipscombe was commissioned into the Royal Regiment of Artillery in 1981 following his military and academic training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst where he was awarded the Tombs Benson Memorial Scholarship. During his 34 years of military service in the British Army he spent most of his career abroad and/or on operations. He was awarded the United States Bronze Star Medal in 2006 in recognition of services during coalition operations in Iraq.

## Academic career

Lipscombe was educated at St. Peter's Catholic School, Bournemouth. In 1990 he obtained his Master of Science degree from Cranfield University, Shrivenham and the Indian Defence Services Staff College.
He is the author of a number of historical works that are best categorised as military history from the seventeenth through to the nineteenth centuries. Having lived and worked for 7.5 years in the location, he is recognised as a world authority on the battles and battlefields of the Iberian Peninsula and Southern France. Andrew Roberts selected the Peninsular War Atlas as one of the Daily Telegraph (History) Books of the Year in November 2010. Lipscombe edited (and contributed to) the official Waterloo 200 book, Waterloo, The Decisive Victory compiled to commemorate the Bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo.
Lipscombe was chairman of Peninsular War 200 (now dissolved), the official organisation established in 2008 to commemorate the bicentenaries of the battles and sieges of the Peninsular War 1808–1814. The organisation worked for both the UK Ministry of Defence and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and in conjunction with Waterloo 200 and the civil and military authorities in Spain, France and Portugal. He is a trustee of the British Cemetery at Elvas, Portugal.
In 2015 Lipscombe was an advisor and presenter on the BBC documentary on Wellington: The Iron Duke Unmasked.
He was elected a fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2015. He has been a tutor at the University of Oxford’s Department of Continuing Education since 2017. Having been a member of the British Commission for Military History for a number of years, Lipscombe joined the Committee in 2018.
# Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural History

26°1′2.39″N 76°30′9.25″E﻿ / ﻿26.0173306°N 76.5025694°E﻿ / 26.0173306; 76.5025694
The Regional Museum of Natural History, Sawai Madhopur or The Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural History, Sawai Madhopur is the country's fourth regional museum of Natural History in Sawai Madhopur, India with exhibits on plants, animals and geology of the Western region of India. It is situated near Ramsinghpura village, 9 km (5.6 mi) from Sawai Madhopur in Rajasthan.

## History

The foundation stone-laying ceremony of Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural History, was carried out by the Vice President of India, Mohammad Hamid Ansari, on 23 December 2007, and inaugurated by the State Finance Minister, Namo Narain Meena, on 1 March 2014.
It was undertaken by the Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change. The museum is spread over an area of 7.2 acres near Ramsinghpura, Ranthambore National Park, Sawai Madhopur and the headquarters of the Consultant is the National Museum of Natural History, New Delhi. This is the fourth such museum in the country after Mysore, Bhopal and Bhubaneswar.

## Description

The Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural History is a non-formal center for creating public awareness of nature and natural resources through exhibits and educational activities. It also aims to provide an understanding of the diversity of life on earth and the conservation of nature and natural resources while depicting ecological interrelationship among plants and animals. Visually challenged students can feel the exhibits of animals on the premises. The museum provides an extracurricular activity for schools and promotes environmental awareness.
There are three floor in the museum, with exhibits on plants, livestock, mineral resources and geology of the western region and western dry area of India. As of now, the museum has opened with only the ground floor, gallery 1 on Biodiversity of Rajasthan or Forests and Wildlife of Rajasthan. The main visitor attractions are the facsimile of animals such as chinkara (gazelle), leopard, lion, and tiger. There are village dioramas of the Bishnoi community and Rajasthan rural area. The painting and black pottery hall is on the first floor of the museum, where anyone can enjoy live painting and pottery made by local artist.
There is a library in a hall opposite the reception area, where visitors can read books on wildlife of western India, biodiversity of Rajasthan and more. An auditorium can accommodate 300 people. This is used for seminars and wildlife documentary presentations. The museum also targets at depicting country’s natural heritage and history and attaining international recognition in the succeeding years.
# Kogenheim

Kogenheim (French pronunciation:; Alsatian: Koiene) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

## Geography

The commune is on the east of the Route Nationale RN83, till recently the main road linking Strasbourg with Colmar and still, despite extensive official 'declassification' following the opening of the Autoroute A35 a short distance to the west, a major regional road artery. Kogenheim also has its own railway station.
# Sabarmati Marathon

Sabarmati Marathon was an annual marathon foot-race held in Ahmedabad. It was held in January-February months from 2010 to 2015. It attracted a large number of local as well as some foreign participants.

## Marathon

Sabarmati Marathon was organized by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation in association with Amdavad Distance Runners. It had five categories: full marathon, half marathon, 7 km dream run, 5 km run for visually challenged persons and 5 km wheelchair run.

## History

In 2011, more than 8000 persons including 73 foreigners participated in the event.
In the 3rd edition held on 6 January 2013, 15,689 runners, including foreign athletes took part. 528 participated in the full marathon, 1934 participated in the half marathon and 13,157 participated in the 7km dream run. 53 participated in 5km run for visually challenged persons while 17 in 5km wheelchair run. A Cyclothon was also organized on 27 January 2013.
The fourth edition of the marathon was organized on 5 January with the cyclothon being held on 19 January 2014. Around 17000 people participated in the event that year.
The fifth and last edition of the event was held on 15 February 2015 in which around 7000 people participated.
In 2017, Adani Ahmedabad Marathon inaugurated which replaced the Sabarmati Marathon.

## Past winners

Key:  Course record
| Edition | Year | Men's winner | Time | Women's winner | Time |
| 1st | 2010 | Tesfaye Girma Bekele (ETH) | 2:35:00 | Biruktayit Eshetu (ETH) | 2:35:53 |
| 2nd | 2011 | Philemon Rotich (KEN) | 2:12:02 | Gadise Fita Megersa (ETH) | 2:38:54 |
| 3rd | 2013 | Wubishet Girum Zewde (ETH) | 2:14:26 | Jacquline Kiplimo (KEN) | 2:36:57 |
| 4th | 2014 | Shadrack Kipkogey (KEN) | 2:14:18 | Kiplimo Jacquline Nyetipei (KEN) | 2:45:46 |
| 5th | 2015 | Melaku Belachew Bizuneh (ETH) | 2:13:43 | Berhan Aregawi Gebremicha (ETH) | 2:39:11 |
# Agojo refugee settlement

The Agojo refugee settlement is a refugee camp in the Adjumani District of Northern Uganda, opened in 2016 in response to an influx of South Sudanese refugees fleeing the insecurity in their country. It is located 16 kilometres (10 mi) west of the town of Adjumani.

## Background

Agojo refugee settlement was opened in 2016 to reduce on crowding in Nyumanzi transit center (Nyumanzi refugee settlement).

## Education

Agojo refugee settlement has limited educational opportunities. Refugees pay high tuition fees which many cannot afford, exacerbated by insufficient scholarships and vocational training opportunities. Parents often sell their food rations to supplement school fees.

## Water and health

Agojo refugee settlement has limited water availability, with refugees being able to fill only up two jerry cans per day. The amount of water transported in has decreased, and only one borehole is operational, with no piped water system. This leads refugees to walk long distances to access potable water in the nearby communities where they have to pay or risk tensions with the locals. Moreover, the water is of poor quality.
Access to health services is also limited for both the refugees and the host community, due to the long distance to the health center operating outside the settlement, with refugees traveling up to 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to reach the facility.
# Kea Monastery

Kea Monastery was a monastery at Kea in Cornwall, UK, of which little is known. "The mysterious land-owning monastery of St Cheus mentioned in Domesday (in Powder), 1085, possibly refers to Kea."--Charles Henderson, in Cornish Church Guide, 1925, p. 116.
Old Kea Church and the nearby village of Kea are said to have been named after the Saint Kea who arrived at Old Kea from Ireland in the 5th century.
# Ketchum Graham

Robert James Ketchum Graham (December 19, 1831 – March 9, 1889) was a political figure from Ontario. He represented Hastings West in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative member from 1867 to 1874.
He was the son of a Scottish immigrant, James Graham. He served as reeve of Sidney Township from 1865 to 1867.

## Electoral history

vte1867 Ontario general election: Hastings West :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Ketchum Graham | 940 | 72.92 |
| | Liberal | J.J. Farley | 349 | 27.08 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 1,289 | 54.50 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 2,365 |
| | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
vte1871 Ontario general election: Hastings West :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Ketchum Graham | Acclaimed |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
vte1875 Ontario general election: Hastings West :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Thomas Wills | 720 | 36.87 |
| | Independent | Ketchum Graham | 618 | 31.64 |
| | Liberal | J. Lewis | 615 | 31.49 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,953 | 65.94 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 2,962 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | Swing |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
# Montfort-en-Chalosse

Montfort-en-Chalosse (French pronunciation:, literally Montfort in Chalosse; Gascon: Monhòrt de Shalòssa, before 1962: Montfort) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

## Politics

Between 2001 and 2014, Françoise Dartigue-Peyrou was the mayor.
Christian Bouet was a town councillor until 2014. He had 7 terms for 43 years, a record in Montfort-en-Chalosse.