# Politics of Hesse

The politics of Hesse takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the Federal Government of Germany exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the states of Germany including Hesse. The state has a multi-party system where, as in most other states of former Western Germany and the federal level, the three main parties are the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD), and the centre-left Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

## Governments of Hesse

The governments and ministers-President (Ministerpräsidenten) of the People's State of Hesse during the time of the Weimar Republic were:
* 1919–1928: Center-right government, an SPD–DDP–Zentrum coalition led by Carl Ulrich (SPD) as minister-president
* 1928–1933: Center-right government, an SPD–DDP–Zentrum coalition led by Bernhard Adelung (SPD) as minister-president
The governments of the National Socialist era:
* 1933: National Socialist government with Ferdinand Werner (NSDAP) as minister-president
* 1933–1935: National Socialist government with Philipp Wilhelm Jung (NSDAP) as minister-president
* 1935–1945: National Socialist government with Jakob Sprenger (NSDAP) as minister-president
The governments and minister-Presidents of Hesse since the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany:
* 1945: Military occupation provisional government led by Ludwig Bergsträsser(SPD), appointed by the U.S. Military
* 1945–1946: Military occupation provisional government led by Karl Geiler (no party), appointed by the U.S. military
* 1946–1950: Theoretically a CDU–SPD grand coalition with Christian Stock (SPD) as minister-president, though U.S. Military Occupation remained through 1949.
* 1950–1969: First truly non-military government of the Federal Republic, led by Georg-August Zinn (SPD), whose SPD ruled in coalition with the All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights, a party of expelled eastern Germans whose political goal was to retrieve their homelands (heimatlaender); and also with the League of Expellees' successors party the Gesamtdeutsche Partei.
* 1969–1976: Center-left government of the SPD-FDP, with Albert Osswald (SPD) as minister-president
* 1976–1982: Center-left government of the SPD-FDP continued with Holger Börner (SPD) as minister-president.
* 1982–1984: Center-left government of the SPD (single party rule) with Holger Börner (SPD) as minister-president.
* 1984–1987: Center-left government of the SPD–Greens with Holger Börner (SPD) as minister-president.
* 1987–1991: Center-right government of the CDU–FDP with Walter Wallmann (CDU) as minister-president.
* 1991–1999: Center-left government of the SPD–Greens with Hans Eichel (SPD) as minister-president.
* 1999–2003: Center-right government of the CDU–FDP with Roland Koch (CDU) as minister-president.
* 2003–2009: Center-right government of the CDU (single party rule) with Roland Koch (CDU) as minister-president.
* 2009–2010: Center-right government of the CDU-FDP with Roland Koch (CDU) as minister-president.
* 2010–2014: Center-right government of the CDU–FDP with Volker Bouffier (CDU) as minister-president.
* 2014–2019: Center-right government of the CDU–Greens with Volker Bouffier (CDU) as minister-president.
* 2019–2022: Center-right government of the CDU–Greens with Volker Bouffier (CDU) as minister-president. Bouffier resigned in 2022, thus prematurely ending his third term serving as minister-president.
* 2022–present: Center-right government of the CDU–Greens with Boris Rhein (CDU) as minister-president.
Since 1950, the SPD has been in the Hesse government 45 years, the CDU for 28 years; the FDP acted as coalition partners with either CDU or SPD for 21 years (13 with SPD, 8 with CDU).

## Landtag of Hesse
### Party Strength in Landtag

| Election year | Total seats | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won | Seats won |
| Election year | Total seats | SPD | CDU | FDP | GB/BHE | Grüne | Linke | AfD | Other |
| Dec 1946 | 90 | 38 | 28 | 14 | | | | | 10 |
| 1950 | 80 | 47 | 12 | 21 | 21 | A90 | | | |
| 1954 | 96 | 44 | 24 | 21 | 7 | | | | |
| 1958 | 96 | 48 | 32 | 9 | 7 | | | | |
| 1962 | 96 | 51 | 28 | 11 | 6 | | | | |
| 1966 | 96 | 52 | 26 | 10 | | | | | 8 |
| 1970 | 110 | 53 | 46 | 11 | | | | | |
| 1974 | 110 | 49 | 53 | 8 | | | | | |
| 1978 | 110 | 50 | 53 | 7 | | | | | |
| 1982 | 110 | 49 | 52 | | | 9 | | | |
| 1983 | 110 | 51 | 44 | 8 | | 7 | | | |
| 1987 | 110 | 44 | 47 | 9 | | 10 | | | |
| 1991 | 110 | 46 | 46 | 8 | | 10 | | | |
| 1995 | 110 | 44 | 45 | 8 | | 13 | | | |
| 1999 | 110 | 46 | 50 | 6 | | 8 | | | |
| 2003 | 110 | 33 | 56 | 9 | | 12 | | | |
| 2008 | 110 | 42 | 42 | 11 | | 9 | 6 | | |
| 2009 | 118 | 29 | 46 | 20 | | 17 | 6 | | |
| 2013 | 110 | 37 | 47 | 6 | | 14 | 6 | | |
| 2018 | 137 | 29 | 40 | 11 | | 29 | 9 | 19 | |
| 2023 | 133 | 23 | 52 | 8 | | 22 | | 28 | |

### State Landtag Compositions

* 1st Landtag, following December 1946 election
* 2nd Landtag, following 1950 election
* 3rd Landtag, following 1954 election
* 4th Landtag, following 1958 election
* 5th Landtag, following 1962 election
* 6th Landtag, following 1966 election
* 7th Landtag, following 1970 election
* 8th Landtag, following 1974 election
* 9th Landtag, following 1978 election
* 10th Landtag, following 1982 election
* 11th Landtag, following 1983 election
* 12th Landtag, following 1987 election
* 13th Landtag, following 1991 election
* 14th Landtag, following 1995 election
* 15th Landtag, following 1999 election
* 16th Landtag, following 2003 election
* 17th Landtag, following 2008 election
* 18th Landtag, following 2009 election
* 19th Landtag, following 2013 election
* 20th Landtag, following 2018 election
* 21st Landtag, following 2023 election

### State Election Results Maps

* December 1946 Hessian state election
* 1950 Hessian state election
* 1954 Hessian state election
* 1958 Hessian state election
* 1962 Hessian state election
* 1966 Hessian state election
* 1970 Hessian state election
* 1974 Hessian state election
* 1978 Hessian state election
* 1982 Hessian state election
* 1983 Hessian state election
* 1987 Hessian state election
* 1991 Hessian state election
* 1995 Hessian state election
* 1999 Hessian state election
* 2003 Hessian state election
* 2008 Hessian state election
* 2009 Hessian state election
* 2013 Hessian state election
* 2018 Hessian state election
* 2023 Hessian state election

### Constituencies in the Landtag

* Kassel-Land I (01)
* Kassel-Land II (02)
* Kassel-Stadt I (03)
* Kassel-Stadt II (04)
* Waldeck-Frankenberg I (05)
* Waldeck-Frankenberg II (06)
* Schwalm-Eder I (07)
* Schwalm-Eder II (08)
* Eschwege-Witzenhausen (09)
* Rotenburg (10)
* Hersfeld (11)
* Marburg-Biedenkopf I (12)
* Marburg-Biedenkopf II (13)
* Fulda I (14)
* Fulda II (15)
* Lahn-Dill I (16)
* Lahn-Dill II (17)
* Gießen I (18)
* Gießen II (19)
* Vogelsberg (20)
* Limburg-Weilburg I (21)
* Limburg-Weilburg II (22)
* Hochtaunus I (23)
* Hochtaunus II (24)
* Wetterau I (25)
* Wetterau II (26)
* Wetterau III (27)
* Rheingau-Taunus I (28)
* Rheingau-Taunus II (29)
* Wiesbaden I (30)
* Wiesbaden II (31)
* Main-Taunus I (32)
* Main-Taunus II (33)
* Frankfurt am Main I (34)
* Frankfurt am Main II (35)
* Frankfurt am Main III (36)
* Frankfurt am Main IV (37)
* Frankfurt am Main V (38)
* Frankfurt am Main VI (39)
* Main-Kinzig I (40)
* Main-Kinzig II (41)
* Main-Kinzig III (42)
* Offenbach-Stadt (43)
* Offenbach Land I (44)
* Offenbach Land II (45)
* Offenbach Land III (46)
* Groß-Gerau I (47)
* Groß-Gerau II (48)
* Darmstadt-Stadt I (49)
* Darmstadt-Stadt II (50)
* Darmstadt-Dieburg I (51)
* Darmstadt-Dieburg II (52)
* Odenwald (53)
* Bergstraße I (54)
* Bergstraße II (55)

## Constituencies in the Bundestag

| No | Constituency | Member | 2021 | Voters | 2017 | 2013 | 2009 | 2005 | 2002 | 1998 | 1994 | 1990 |
| 166 | Waldeck | Esther Dilcher | SPD | 184,073 | SPD | CDU | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD |
| 167 | Kassel | Timon Gremmels | SPD | 218,474 | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD |
| 168 | Werra-Meißner – Hersfeld-Rotenburg | Michael Roth | SPD | 171,886 | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | Created for 2002 election | Created for 2002 election | Created for 2002 election |
| 169 | Schwalm-Eder | Edgar Franke | SPD | 185,944 | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD |
| 170 | Marburg | Sören Bartol | SPD | 181,588 | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | CDU |
| 171 | Lahn-Dill | Dagmar Schmidt | SPD | 206,532 | CDU | CDU | CDU | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD |
| 172 | Gießen | Felix Döring | SPD | 217,514 | CDU | CDU | CDU | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD |
| 173 | Fulda | Michael Brand | CDU | 208,542 | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU |
| 174 | Main-Kinzig – Wetterau II – Schotten | Bettina Müller | SPD | 178,307 | CDU | CDU | Created for 2013 election | Created for 2013 election | Created for 2013 election | Created for 2013 election | Created for 2013 election | Created for 2013 election |
| 175 | Hochtaunus | Markus Koob | CDU | 179,842 | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU |
| 176 | Wetterau I | Natalie Pawlik | SPD | 176,897 | CDU | CDU | CDU | SPD | SPD | SPD | CDU | CDU |
| 177 | Rheingau-Taunus – Limburg | Klaus-Peter Willsch | CDU | 220,466 | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU |
| 178 | Wiesbaden | Ingmar Jung | CDU | 186,735 | CDU | CDU | CDU | SPD | SPD | SPD | CDU | CDU |
| 179 | Hanau | Lennard Oehl | SPD | 176,271 | CDU | CDU | CDU | SPD | SPD | SPD | CDU | CDU |
| 180 | Main-Taunus | Norbert Altenkamp | CDU | 195,514 | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | Created for 2002 election | Created for 2002 election | Created for 2002 election |
| 181 | Frankfurt am Main I | Armand Zorn | SPD | 201,216 | CDU | CDU | CDU | SPD | SPD | CDU | CDU | CDU |
| 182 | Frankfurt am Main II | Omid Nouripour | Grüne | 227,207 | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | SPD | SPD | CDU | CDU |
| 183 | Groß-Gerau | Melanie Wegling | SPD | 174,082 | CDU | CDU | CDU | SPD | SPD | SPD | CDU | SPD |
| 184 | Offenbach | Björn Simon | CDU | 219,511 | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | SPD | SPD | CDU | CDU |
| 185 | Darmstadt | Andreas Larem | SPD | 240,763 | CDU | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPD | CDU | SPD |
| 186 | Odenwald | Jens Zimmermann | SPD | 233,901 | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | SPD | SPD | CDU | CDU |
| 187 | Bergstraße | Michael Meister | CDU | 197,782 | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | SPD | SPD | CDU | CDU |