OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Extinct isotopes of superheavy elements

Extinct isotopes of superheavy elements are isotopes of superheavy elements whose half-lives were too short to have lasted through the formation of the Solar System, and because they are not replenished by natural processes, can nowadays only be found as their decay products (from alpha decay, cluster decay or spontaneous fission) trapped within sediment and meteorite samples dating billions of years ago.

## Carbonaceous chondrite fission xenon

Carbonaceous chondrite fission xenon (CCF Xe), are a collection of different isotopes of xenon that were thought to have arisen from the decay of a superheavy element within the island of stability. Early studies proposed that the half life of the theoretical progenitor of CCF Xe to be on the order of 10$^8$ years. A later attempt at characterization of the progenitor in 1975 by Edward Anders, a professor of chemistry at the University of Chicago, and colleague John Larimer suggested a heat of vaporization of 54 kJ/mol and a boiling point of 2500K for the element and, based on estimated accretion temperatures, they also proposed elements 111 and 115 (today named roentgenium and moscovium) as the most likely candidates assuming the element condensed in pure form.

### Allende meteorite

Anders went on to study samples of the Allende meteorite, the largest carbonaceous chondrite ever found on Earth. Results of these studies suggested elements 111–115 (today roentgenium, copernicium, nihonium, flerovium, and moscovium) as the most likely candidates for the progenitor of CCF Xe. These studies also proposed that the progenitor condensed as an iron chromium sulfide. This was later called into question as iron chromium sulfide is very rare with a relative abundance of 0.4%.

### Evidence against carbonaceous fission xenon

By the 1980s, CCF Xe actually being the product of fission was doubtful, and the alternate theory that it had arisen from r-process (neutron capture) nucleosynthesis gained more ground. Researchers looked at the isotopic anomalies in nearby elements samarium, neodymium, and barium, and compared to the amount of xenon. Whether CCF Xe was produced by nucleosynthesis or fission, comparable amounts of barium-135 should be produced. When researchers compared the experimental data to predicted amounts of Barium following each model, neither model came close to predicting the anomalies correctly, leading to Lewis et al. calling the experiment an "embarrassment" for both models. However, in the case of nucleosynthesis, it is possible that samarium, neodymium, and barium were separated from Xe by prior condensation in the supernova shell or plasma processes. Based on this data it was deemed unlikely that CCF Xe had actually arose from fission.
# Andreas Spier

Andreas Spier (also known as Andrei Spier; born 22 December 1962) is a Romanian-German football manager currently with FC Ulaanbaatar of the Mongolian Premier League.

## Managerial career

Spier was born in Bucharest, Romania but lived most of his life in Germany where he earned his coaching qualifications. He began coaching in the 1990s. He earned his UEFA "Pro" license from the German Football Federation in 2005. Between 2000 and 2007, Spier held positions as youth coach and assistant at several large clubs including SV Darmstadt 98, VfB Stuttgart, and SV Wehen Wiesbaden. Beginning in 2008, he then spent eight years working in Rwanda and lead APR F.C. to the Rwanda Premier League title in 2013–14. Also while in Rwanda, Spier lead the Rwanda women's national team in 2008.
In 2014, he left Africa to become the head coach of the Romania national under-20 team. He remained with the team until 2016. Later in 2016, he signed a two-year contract to become Technical Director of the Football Kenya Federation, securing a return to Africa. While serving as Technical Director, Spier also acted as head coach of the national under-17 team in 2017 U-17 Africa Cup of Nations qualification and 2019 U-17 Africa Cup of Nations qualification.
In February 2022, Spier signed a six-month contract to become head coach of Gor Mahia of the Kenyan Premier League, replacing Paul Nkata. The club won its first match with Spier at the helm, a 3–1 league victory over Posta Rangers. At the end of his contract in June 2022, he did not sign a new deal and left the club.
In August 2024, Spier was named new head coach of FC Ulaanbaatar of the Mongolian Premier League for the 2024–25 season. The club won its first match with Spier as manager, a 1–0 opening-match result over reigning champions SP Falcons.
# Cystolepiota potassiovirens

Cystolepiota potassiovirens is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

## Taxonomy

It was described in 1989 by the German mycologist Rolf Singer who classified it as Cystolepiota potassiovirens.

## Description

Cystolepiota potassiovirens is a very small brownish mushroom with brown flesh.
Cap: 1cm wide and convex with a small umbo. The surface is brown to dark brown with a pale orange umbo covered with furfuraceous (bran like) scales. Gills: Free, dark brown and close to crowded. They have a slight ventricose bulge in the middle. Stem: 1.7cm tall and 0.8-1mm thick and subequal. The surface is dark brown with a pruinose (powdery) coating. Spores: Ellipsoidal without a germ pore, hyaline, non-amyloid but greenish in KOH. 3.3-4 x 2.5-3μm. Basidia: 15-21 x 5 μm. Four spored. Smell: Indistinct.

## Etymology

The specific epithet potassiovirens derives from the Latin potassio meaning potassium and virens meaning green. This is in reference to the green colouration the spores develop in Potassium Hydroxide (KOH).

## Habitat and distribution

The specimens studied by Singer were found growing solitary or gregariously on the ground in the tropical forests of Brazil, 30km North of Manaus.
# 1983 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's pole vault

The men's pole vault event at the 1983 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 6 March.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result |
| | Vladimir Polyakov | Soviet Union | 5.60 |
| | Aleksandr Obizhajevs | Soviet Union | 5.60 |
| | Patrick Abada | France | 5.55 |
| 4 | Atanas Tarev | Bulgaria | 5.55 |
| 5 | Tadeusz Ślusarski | Poland | 5.50 |
| 6 | Miro Zalar | Sweden | 5.45 |
| 7 | František Jansa | Czechoslovakia | 5.40 |
| 8 | Peter Volmer | West Germany | 5.40 |
| 9 | Władysław Kozakiewicz | Poland | 5.30 |
| 10 | Alberto Ruiz | Spain | 5.30 |
| 11 | Serge Ferreira | France | 5.30 |
| 12 | Gerhard Schmidt | West Germany | 5.20 |
| 12 | Ferenc Salbert | France | 5.20 |
| 14 | Mauro Barella | Italy | 5.20 |
| 15 | Ivo Yanchev | Bulgaria | 5.20 |
| 16 | Ernö Makó | Hungary | 5.20 |
| 16 | Hermann Fehringer | Austria | 5.20 |
| 18 | Marian Kolasa | Poland | 5.20 |
| 19 | Jozsef Novobáczky | Hungary | 5.20 |
| | Thierry Vigneron | France | NM |
| | Sergey Kulibaba | Soviet Union | NM |
# Tom Williams (Australian footballer, born 1876)

Thomas James Williams (28 May 1876 – 18 Sept 1938) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Early life

The son of David Elias Williams and Beatrice Williams, nee Nicol, Thomas James Williams was born at Sale on 28 May 1876.
He married Alice Muriel Estella Beer (1888-1951) in 1909. Alice married John Henry Landvogt (1871-1949) in 1939.

## Football
### Richmond

In 1898 Tom Williams commenced his senior football career with Richmond in the Victorian Football Association, joining his brother Hugh at the club.

### Leopold

Williams (and his brother) were granted a clearance to St Kilda at the start of the 1900 season but he is not credited with any games for St Kilda and he played with the Leopold club from 1901 until part way through the 1902 season.

### West Perth

In 1902 Williams briefly played with the West Perth club in the West Australian Football Association.

### Essendon

At the start of the 1903 season Williams played two VFL games for Essendon.

### Leopold

After failing to gain a consistent place with Essendon, Williams returned to Leopold for the remainder of the 1903 season and was appointed as captain of the side.

### Richmond

In 1904 Williams returned to Richmond and played for three more seasons, in total making 49 appearances for the team. He was a ruckman and a prominent player in their 1905 VFA premiership winning team.

## Later life

Williams later moved to Ballarat where he died on 18 Sept 1938. He is buried at the Ballarat New Cemetery.
# De Gids

De Gids (meaning The Guide in English) is the oldest Dutch literary periodical still published today. It was founded in 1837 by Everhardus Johannes Potgieter and Christianus Robidé van der Aa. Long regarded as the most prestigious literary periodical in the Netherlands, it was considered outdated by the Tachtigers of the 1880s, who founded De Nieuwe Gids (meaning The New Guide in English) in opposition to the periodical. In 2011, De Gids ceased operations, but has been taken over as De-Gids-nieuwe-stijl by De Groene Amsterdammer.
All volumes of De Gids up to 2012 are published in the Digital Library for Dutch Literature
# Monashee Provincial Park

Monashee Provincial Park is a provincial park located just outside of Cherryville, British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the central Monashee Mountains between the Arrow Lakes and the upper Shuswap River drainage, just east of Sugar Lake. It is a remote grizzly habitat that is a walk-in only. Mount Fosthall is the highest peak in the area and can be hiked in a day. In addition to hiking and alpinism other activities include fishing.
# Bartosz Woroch

Bartosz Woroch (born 27 September 1984) is a Polish-born violinist and prize winner at major international competitions such as the Pablo Sarasate in Pamplona, Spain, in 2003 and the 2005 Michael Hill International Violin Competition in New Zealand.

## Early life

Born in 1984 in Poznań, Poland, Woroch studied at the Paderewski Academy of Music in his home town with Marcin Baranowski. He was awarded a scholarship by the Swiss Government in 2008 to further his studies at the University of the Arts Bern with Monika Urbaniak-Lisik [de; pl].

## Career

At the age of 22 Bartosz was appointed concertmaster to the Poznan Philharmonic Orchestra. He left this position two years later to focus more on solo and chamber music performances which led to recitals in London at Wigmore Hall and the Barbican Centre, the Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels, the Festival de Radio France et Montpellier, the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Verbier Festival in Switzerland, and West Cork Chamber Music Festival in Ireland. He has also toured New Zealand, Australia, Malaysia and Singapore. In 2009 he continued his studies with a fellowship at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama (GSMD) in London in the class of cellist Louise Hopkins. From 2011 until 2015 he was supported by the Young Classical Artists Trust (YCAT).

## Recordings

* 2016: Dancer on a Tightrope (Bacewicz, Hindemith, Gubaidulina, Prokofiev, Schnittke, Cage), with Mei Yi Foo; Champs Hill Records
* 2017: ConNotations (Shostakovich, Berg, Saint-Saëns), with the Britten Sinfonia and Mei Yi Foo; Orchid Classics
# Boost Mobile MLG Pro Circuit

Boost Mobile MLG Pro Circuit is a television program on US cable television network USA, and later G4, airing recordings of the Major League Gaming (MLG) Halo 2 Pro Circuit in 2006 and 2007. It was sponsored by Boost Mobile and Scion. Boost subscribers had access to exclusive videos such as match highlights and player profiles. The production company was Red Brick Entertainment.
There were seven one-hour long episodes that aired starting 10:00 AM EST throughout the holiday season. Team Carbon, Team Final Boss, and Str8 Rippin were shown on every episode. The Pro Circuit location were New York City (Apr 21–23); Dallas (May); Atlanta (June); Los Angeles (July); Philadelphia (August); Playoffs - Chicago (October); and the National Championship in Las Vegas (November). Over US$800,000 in prize money was given out during the course of the program.
At the Las Vegas championships Carbon, consisting of ShocKWav3, Gandhi, GH057ayame, Karma, upset Team Final Boss, Walshy, Ogre 1, Ogre 2, Saiyan, to the 2006 national title.
It was announced that the program would be moving to G4 for the 2007 season and would also switch to a Friday night 11:00 PM EST timeslot. In February it was announced that MLG that had partnered with Flame Ventures, a media development and production company, and Endeavor Talent Agency. Video game retailer GameStop also signed on as a sponsor. MLG Pro Circuit season two debuted on November 16 and aired for six episodes.
The MLG Las Vegas 2007 National Championships, which aired on December 21, were won by Final Boss, Walshy, Ogre 1, Ogre 2, and StrongSide, in a rematch over Carbon, ShocKWav3, Gandhi, Karma, and GH057ayame.
G4 decided not to pick up the show for a third season. Over the two seasons MLG spent over US$6 million on the show.
# Kiabii's angular-toed gecko

Kiabi's angular-toed gecko (Cyrtopodion kiabii ) is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to southern Iran.

## Etymology

The specific name, kiabii, is in honor of Iranian ecologist Bahram Hassanzadeh Kiabi of Shahid Beheshti University.

## Geographic range

C. kiabii is found in Bushehr Province, Iran.
# BHMS

BHMS is a four letter acronym that can stand for:

## Alternative medicine

* Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery, a degree awarded by the National Institute of Homoeopathy in India

## Schools

* Business and Hotel Management School - Switzerland
* Bret Harte Middle School (San Jose, California)
* Bret Harte Middle School (Oakland, California)
* Brandywine Heights Middle School (Topton, Pennsylvania)
* Black Hawk Middle School, in Eagan, Minnesota
* Broomfield Hills Middle School, part of the Bloomfield Hills School District in Broomfield Hills Michigan
# Do Bandab Chati-ye Mahtab

Do Bandab Chati-ye Mahtab (Persian: دوبنداب چاتي مهتاب, also Romanized as Do Bandāb Chātī-ye Mahtāb) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 5 families.
# HMS E23

HMS E23 was an E-class submarine built by Vickers, Barrow-in-Furness. She was laid down on 28 September 1914 and was commissioned on 6 December 1915. E23 torpedoed the German dreadnought SMS Westfalen (18,900 tons), holing her off Terschelling on 19 August 1916. E23 was sold on 6 September 1922 in Sunderland.

## Design

Like all post-E8 British E-class submarines, E23 had a displacement of 662 long tons (673 t) at the surface and 807 long tons (820 t) while submerged. She had a length of 180 ft (55 m) and a beam of 22 ft 8.5 in (6.922 m). She was powered by two 800 hp (600 kW) Vickers eight-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines and two 420 hp (310 kW) electric motors. The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 16 kn (18 mph; 30 km/h) and a submerged speed of 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h). British E-class submarines had a fuel capacity of 50 t (55 short tons) of diesel and ranges of 3,255 nmi (3,746 mi; 6,028 km) when travelling at 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h). E23 was capable of operating submerged for five hours when travelling at 5 kn (5.8 mph; 9.3 km/h).
E23 was armed with a 12-pounder 76 mm (3.0 in) QF gun, mounted forward of the conning tower. She had five 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, two in the bow, one either side amidships and one in the stern with ten torpedoes on board.
E-class submarines had wireless systems with 1 kW (1.3 hp) power ratings; in some submarines, these were later upgraded to 3 kW (4.0 hp) systems by removing a midship torpedo tube. Their maximum design depth was 100 ft (30 m) although in service some reached depths of below 200 ft (61 m). Some submarines contained Fessenden oscillator systems.

## Crew

Her complement was three officers and 28 men.
# George Moni

George Moni is a professional rugby league footballer who plays for M & J Muruks in Papua New Guinea. He is a Papua New Guinea international.
He has been named in the Papua New Guinea training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup.
He has been named in the PNG squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup.
He played for Papua New Guinea in the 2010 Four Nations tournament.
# Da'ud Effendi Molko

Da'ud Effendi Molko (born 1845) was an Ottoman statesman. He served as Chief Translator of the Imperial Divan, and later as a member of the Ottoman Senate.

## Biography

Molko was born into a modest Jewish family in Salonica, and moved to Constantinople during his childhood. He received his early education at the Camondo Institution. At the age of 18, he joined the Foreign Office, where he eventually rose to the position of Chief Translator under Sultan Abdulaziz. He continued to hold this position during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
Molko sided with the Young Turks movement during the 1908–9 revolution. In 1910, he was appointed a member of the Senate.
Throughout his career, Molko received numerous honors. He was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of Nishan-i-Osmanie, the Order of the Nishan-i-Medjidie, the Nishan-i-Imtiaz, and the Persian Order of the Sun and Lion. He was also recognized as a Commander of the French Legion of Honor and was decorated with the Order of the Crown of Prussia and the Swedish Order of the Star, First Class.
# Packera dubia

Packera dubia, synonym Packera tomentosa, is a species of flowering plant in the composite family. It is known by the common name woolly ragwort. It is native to the Southeastern United States, primarily to the coastal plain but extending into some areas inland. Its preferred habitat is open, sandy areas and granitic outcrops. It is common throughout its range.
Packera dubia is a perennial that produces a head of yellow flowers in late spring. Its seeds have been shown to have varying masses within a single head of flowers, perhaps as an adaptation for better dispersal in disturbed habitats.
# Roller Derby Germany

Roller Derby Germany represents Germany in women's international roller derby, in events such as the Roller Derby World Cup. The team was first formed to compete at the 2011 Roller Derby World Cup and finished the tournament in ninth place.
At the World Cup, Germany lost in round one to Team New Zealand, by 143 to 127. In the consolation stage, it easily beat Team Scotland, then also beat Ireland to finish ninth.
The 2018 German team finished in 13th place at the 2018 Roller Derby World Cup in Manchester.

## Team roster
### 2011 team roster

The team named an initial roster of twenty skaters: (league affiliations listed as of at the time of the announcement)
| Number | Name | League |
| 66 | BamBule | Bear City Roller Derby |
| 3 | Call of Booty | Ruhrpott Roller Girls |
| 00 | Chibi Abuser | Stuttgart Valley Rollergirlz |
| 8 | Ellie Minate | Stuttgart Valley Rollergirlz |
| 0 | Heavy Miss Gale | Harbor Girls Hamburg |
| 505 | Heavy Rotation | Bear City Roller Derby |
| 10 | Kiddo | Bear City Roller Derby |
| 4 | Kitty Carrera | Stuttgart Valley Rollergirlz |
| 0049 | Mercedes | Philly Rollergirls |
| 17 | Noxious Angel | Stuttgart Valley Rollergirlz |
| 13 | Polly Purgatory | Stuttgart Valley Rollergirlz |
| 67 | Psycho Annie | Ruhrpott Roller Girls |
| 1 | Public Enemy | Stuttgart Valley Rollergirlz |
| 28 | Resident Shevil | Bear City Roller Derby |
| 85D | Silicon Sally | Stuttgart Valley Rollergirlz |
| 101 | Snowblood | Stuttgart Valley Rollergirlz |
| 35 | Spacy Tracy | Barock City Roller Derby |
| 9 | Sweet Gwenrolline | Ruhrpott Roller Girls |
| 81 | Titty Twista | Stuttgart Valley Rollergirlz |
| 80 | Vegas | Stuttgart Valley Rollergirlz |
# Liberty of St Edmund

The Liberty of St Edmund covers the entire area of the former administrative County of West Suffolk. This area had been established by Edward the Confessor in 1044 and was a separate jurisdiction under the control of the Abbot of Bury St Edmunds Abbey until the dissolution of the monasteries affected Bury St Edmunds Abbey in 1539.
The area of the Liberty of St Edmund was originally known as the "Eight and a Half Hundreds" which included the Hundreds of Thingoe, Thedwastre, Lackford, Risbridge, Blackburn and Babergh, and the half hundred of Cosford. Blackbourn and Babergh each counted as a "double hundred'. Combined these made the Eight and a Half Hundred.
The Liberty was granted to the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds by Edward the Confessor. A Steward was appointed to administer the Liberty on behalf of the Abbot in the same way that the Sheriff acted for the county. The first Steward was named Ralph, and was appointed by William I. The title subsequently passed through various hands and became hereditary with the de Windsors in 1115.
The present Hereditary High Steward of the Liberty of St Edmund is The 8th Marquess of Bristol.
# FO Defence

FO Defence (French: FO Défense) is a trade union representing workers connected with defence and armaments.
The union was established in 1948, as the Air, War, Marine Federation, a split from an affiliate of the General Confederation of Labour (CGT). Most of its initial members were administrators, while technicians largely remained with the CGT. It was a founding affiliate of Workers' Force. In 1968, it admitted civil servants in the defence ministry, who transferred from the Federation of General State Administration, and it became the Federation of National Defence Civilian Personnel.
By 2002, the union claimed 30,000 members.

## General Secretaries

    1948: Rose Étienne
    1954: Albert Pontes
    1959: Gabriel Gouvert
    1979: Jacques Pé
    1989:
# HMS Sentinel (P256)

HMS Sentinel was a S-class submarine of the third batch built for the Royal Navy during World War II. She was not completed until after the war and was sold for scrap in 1962.

## Design and description

The last 17 boats of the third batch were significantly modified from the earlier boats. They had a stronger hull, carried more fuel and their armament was revised. The submarines had a length of 217 feet (66.1 m) overall, a beam of 23 feet 9 inches (7.2 m) and a draft of 14 feet 1 inch (4.3 m). They displaced 814 long tons (827 t) on the surface and 990 long tons (1,010 t) submerged. The S-class submarines had a crew of 48 officers and ratings. They had a diving depth of 350 feet (106.7 m).
For surface running, the boats were powered by two 950-brake-horsepower (708 kW) diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 650-horsepower (485 kW) electric motor. They could reach 14.75 knots (27.32 km/h; 16.97 mph) on the surface and 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) underwater. On the surface, the third batch boats had a range of 7,500 nautical miles (13,900 km; 8,600 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) and 120 nmi (220 km; 140 mi) at 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) submerged.
Sentinel was armed with six 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in the bow. She carried six reload torpedoes for a grand total of a dozen torpedoes. Twelve mines could be carried in lieu of the torpedoes. The boat was also equipped with a 4-inch (102 mm) deck gun.

## Construction and career

HMS Sentinel was built by Scotts of Greenock and launched on 27 July 1945. Commissioned after the Second World War, she had a peaceful career. In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Sentinel was sold on 28 February 1962, being broken up at Gillingham.
# Carboline

Carboline may refer to the following alkaloid compounds:
* β-Carboline and its derivatives
* γ-Carboline