OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eagles' Bridge, Sofia

Eagles' Bridge (Bulgarian: Орлов мост, Orlov most) is a bridge over the Perlovska River in downtown Sofia, capital of Bulgaria. The bridge and junction where it is located, sometimes referred to as Ploshtad Orlov Most (Orlov Most Square) are usually referred simply as Eagles' Bridge (Orlov most).
The name of the bridge itself comes from the four statues of eagles on it, which are, symbolically, its protectors and patrons.
Eagles' Bridge and the junction are located in the immediate proximity of the Vasil Levski National Stadium, the Monument to the Soviet Army, the Borisova gradina park and Lake Ariana, and near Sofia University. Two main boulevards cross there – Evlogi Georgiev Boulevard, which follows the Perlovska river, and Tsarigradsko Shose, and Tsar Ivan Asen II Street terminates there. For the traffic entering Sofia from the southeast by Tsarigradsko shose, Eagles' Bridge is the first junction and the point from where the city centre is accessed.
The bridge was constructed in 1891 by Czech architect Václav Prošek, his brother Jozef and his cousins Bohdan and Jiří. They also designed together and built the Lions' Bridge at the northern point of entry to central Sofia in 1889. The cost of the entire construction of the bridge was 80,000 golden leva.
One of the bridge's columns and bronze eagles are depicted on the reverse print of Bulgarian 20 levs banknote, issued in 1999 and 2007.
The place is often a site of protests. Orlov Most was the focus of 2012 ecological protests against construction on Vitosha mountain and on the Dyuni nature spot on the Black Sea coast. The bridge was also a major focus of political protests in 2013, with scenes of violence during the winter protests, contrasted with massive but peaceful gatherings during the summer protests, when it would close every evening while protesters gathered there until late into the night. In the 2020–2021 Bulgarian protests, the bridge was repeatedly blocked by protesters with barricades and tents camps were established.
Since 2009, Eagles' Bridge has been serviced by the Sofia University Metro Station of Sofia Metro M1 line. The M3 line Orlov most Metro Station was opened in August 2020.

## Gallery

* Eagle's Bridge in Sofia
* Close-up of one of the eagles
* The beginning of Tsarigradsko shose at Orlov most
# Premio Malaparte

The Premio Malaparte (lit. 'Malaparte Prize') is an Italian literary award given annually to an international writer. It was created in 1983 by Graziella Lonardi Buontempo [it], Alberto Moravia and the association Amici di Capri. It is named after the writer and journalist Curzio Malaparte and the prize ceremony is held on Capri. The prize became dormant in 1998 but was reactivated in 2012 after efforts from Gabriella Buontempo, general secretary of the association Incontri Internazionali d'Arte.

## Laureates

| Year | Writer | Country |
| 1983 | Anthony Burgess | United Kingdom |
| 1984 | Saul Bellow | Canada and United States |
| 1985 | Nadine Gordimer | South Africa |
| 1986 | Manuel Puig | Argentina |
| 1987 | John le Carré | United Kingdom |
| 1988 | Fazil Iskander | Soviet Union |
| 1989 | Zhang Jie | China |
| 1990 | Václav Havel | Czechoslovakia |
| 1991 | Predrag Matvejević | Yugoslavia |
| 1992 | Susan Sontag | United States |
| 1993 | Michel Tournier | France |
| 1994 | Breyten Breytenbach | South Africa |
| 1995 | Antonia Susan Byatt | United Kingdom |
| 1998 | Isabel Allende | Chile |
| 2012 | Emmanuel Carrère | France |
| 2013 | Julian Barnes | United Kingdom |
| 2014 | Donna Tartt | United States |
| 2015 | Karl Ove Knausgård | Norway |
| 2016 | Elizabeth Strout | United States |
| 2017 | Han Kang | South Korea |
| 2018 | Richard Ford | United States |
| 2019 | Colm Tóibín | Ireland |
| 2020 | Amin Maalouf | France and Lebanon |
| 2021 | Yasmina Reza | France |
| 2022 | Daniel Mendelsohn | United States |
| 2023 | Benjamín Labatut | Chile |
| 2024 | Rachel Cusk | United Kingdom |
# Louis Jacques Maurice de Bonald

Louis Jacques Maurice de Bonald (30 October 1787 – 23 February 1870) was a French cardinal and Archbishop of Lyon.

## Biography

Born at Millau, he was the son of the philosopher Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald.
He was condemned by the council of state for a pastoral letter attacking Dupin the elder's Manuel de droit ecclsiastique. In 1848 he held a memorial service for those who fell gloriously in defence of civil and religious liberty. In 1851 he nevertheless advocated in the senate the maintenance of the temporal power of the Pope by force of arms.
# Frank Barnes (actor)

Frank Barnes (1875 – after 1949) was an American actor. He played the role of Annabelle's Brother in the 1926 silent comedy film, The General. He also worked in the camera and electrical department during the shooting of the movies Words and Music and Neptune's Daughter.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1926 | The General | Annabelle's Brother | |
# Umberto Berni

Umberto Berni (2 August 1900 – 16 May 1945) was an Italian racing cyclist. He rode in the 1925 Tour de France.
# Pine Island (Queen Charlotte Strait, British Columbia)

Pine Island is a small island in Queen Charlotte Strait about 40 km northwest of Port Hardy in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Pine Island is in the Duke of Edinburgh Ecological Reserve and about 5 km north of Nigei Island.
# Teodoro Waldner

Teodoro Guillermo Waldner (1927 – 2014) was an Argentine General that served as the Chief of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic. He also served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Argentine Air Force
According to the Argentine newspaper El Diario, during the Falklands War, Waldner led a mission to Libya and brought back weapons and missiles from Gaddafi's regime. After the war, in 1983 Waldner became the first head of the Air Force since the return of democracy to Argentina and was styled as a chief of staff as opposed to a commander-in-chief. In 1985, Waldner was appointed as Chief of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces, a position he held until his retirement in 1989.
# Tetragonoderus notaphioides

Tetragonoderus notaphioides is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It was described by Victor Motschulsky in 1861.
# Terry Ramsaye

Terry Ramsaye (November 2, 1885, Tonganoxie, Kansas – August 19, 1954, Norwalk, Connecticut) was a journalist, film producer and film historian, the author of A Million and One Nights: A History of the Motion Picture [Through 1925] (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1926).

## Biography

Ramsaye started his professional career as an engineer, but switched to journalism when he joined the staff of the Kansas City Star and Times in 1905. In the following decade, he worked on newspapers in Leavenworth, Kansas, and in Omaha, St. Paul, Minnesota, and Chicago.
The motion picture industry was in its infancy when he joined Mutual Film Corporation in 1915. While at Mutual, he produced some Charlie Chaplin comedies and founded Screen Telegram, which achieved conspicuous success during World War I. He was one of the founding members of the Associated Motion Picture Advertisers.
Subsequently he was associated with Samuel Roxy Rothafel in the management of Broadway's Rialto and Rivoli theaters. He also launched and edited the newsreel Kinograms. After producing and editing numerous adventure films including Grass (1925) and Simba: King of the Beasts (1928) with explorers Martin and Osa Johnson, he became editor-in-chief of Pathé News and Audio Review.
In 1920, Photoplay commissioned Ramsaye to write a history of the motion picture that was serialized in the magazine from April 1921 until March 1925 as The Romantic History of the Motion Picture (and excerpts appearing in the Film Daily Yearbook), which was later published in book-form as A Million and One Nights: A History of the Motion Picture Through 1925. As one of the first extensive overviews of the development of the movie industry, it was highly influential on cinema historiography (at least in the United States) and remained in print until late in the 20th century. Thomas Edison's endorsement is included in the book. and H. L. Mencken spoke highly of it.
In 1931, Ramsaye joined the Quigley Publishing Company as editor of the Motion Picture Herald, a post he held until 1941. Subsequently, he lectured on motion pictures and contributed articles to various encyclopedias and year books. He continued his association with Quigley as consulting editor and author of a weekly column for the Herald until his death in 1954.
# Terry R. Taylor

Terry Rosalind Taylor (October 4, 1952 – November 14, 2023) was an American sports editor. She was the first woman to be a sports editor for the Associated Press. Taylor died from cancer at her home in Paoli, Pennsylvania, on November 14, 2023, at the age of 71.

## Early life and education

Terry Taylor was born in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Her mother was an administrative assistant for the Internal Revenue Service.
She received a bachelor's degree in journalism from Temple University where she also worked at the campus newspaper.

## Career

She worked at The Charlotte News and later joined the Associated Press in 1977.
# Tethong

Tethong is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Wangpo Tethong (born 1963), Swiss-Tibetan writer, activist and politician
* Tenzin Tethong (born 1947), Tibetan political figure and former Prime Minister (Kalon Tripa) of Central Tibetan Administration
# Tethlimmena basalis

Tethlimmena basalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gahan in 1895.
# Runout

A runout may include any of the following:
* Runout (climbing), a section of a rock climbing route with a long gap between points of protection
* Run-out, an inaccuracy of rotating mechanical systems, specifically when a tool or shaft does not rotate exactly in line with the main axis.
* Run out, a method of dismissal in the sport of cricket.
* Refusals and runouts, in equestrian sport, an attempt to evade an obstacle.
* Run Out (film), 2012 Film
# Parvocellular cell

In neuroscience, parvocellular cells, also called P-cells, are neurons located within the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus. Their name comes from Latin parvus 'small', due to the small size of the cell compared to the larger magnocellular cells. Phylogenetically, parvocellular neurons are more modern than magnocellular ones.

## Function

The parvocellular neurons of the visual system receive their input from midget cells, a type of retinal ganglion cell, whose axons comprise the optic tract. These synapses occur in one of the four dorsal parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The information from each eye is kept separate at this point, and continues to be segregated until processing in the visual cortex. The electrically-encoded visual information leaves the parvocellular cells via relay cells in the optic radiations, traveling to the primary visual cortex layer 4C-β. The parvocellular neurons are sensitive to colour, and are more capable of discriminating fine details than their magnocellular counterparts. Parvocellular cells have greater spatial resolution, but lower temporal resolution, than the magnocellular cells.
# William Godolphin (Warden of the Stannaries)

Sir William Godolphin MP (ca. 1486 – ca. 1570) was a 16th-century English knight, politician, and Member of Parliament.

## Life

He was the son of Sir John Godolphin, who was High Sheriff of Cornwall in 1505, and his wife Margaret, daughter of John Trenouth.
He sat as Member for Cornwall during the reign of Henry VIII and possibly also of Edward VI, and also served as High Sheriff of Cornwall and Warden of the Stannaries.
Godolphin wrote to Thomas Cromwell sending him a present of Cornish tin which could be made into pewter vessels. The ingots were marked with a bow and broad arrow and a horseshoe. He offered to send Cornish wrestlers to accompany Henry VIII if the king visited Calais. He sent two wrestlers to Cromwell whose command of the English language was not good, presumably they were Cornish speakers.
He seems to have been confused with his eldest son, also Sir William (1515–1570), not least in Burke's Extinct Peerage which conflates the two, so that is not clear which offices were held by the elder and which by the younger. Sir William lived to an advanced age, dying at around the same time as his son, which may have been the original cause of the confusion.

## Family

He married Margaret Glynn, and they had four children:
* Sir William Godolphin (1515–1570), who had three daughters but no sons
* Thomas Godolphin (born 1520), married Katherine Bonithon, Captain (governor) of the Isles of Scilly, through whom the male line of the family was continued. Their great-grandson would be George Lamberton, Captain of the "Fellowship", disappeared at sea in 1646 and subject of Longfellow's poem "The Phantom Ship".
* Elizabeth Godolphin (born 1522), married John Langdon
* Honor Godolphin (born ca. 1524), married William Melton

## Ancestry

Ancestors of William Godolphin (Warden of the Stannaries) :
# Da vidna

"Da vidna" (Belarusian: Да відна, English: Before dawn) is a song performed by Belarusian band VAL.

## Eurovision Song Contest

The song was to have represented Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020, after VAL was selected through the Belarus national selection. On 28 January 2020, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in. Belarus was placed into the first semi-final, to be held on 12 May 2020, and was scheduled to perform in the first half of the show.
# Lenaduwa

Lenaduwa is a small town in Sri Lanka. It is located within Southern Province.
# Andrzej Ehrenfeucht

Andrzej Ehrenfeucht (Polish:, born 8 August 1932) is a Polish-American mathematician and computer scientist.

## Life

Andrzej Ehrenfeucht formulated the Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé game, using the back-and-forth method given in Roland Fraïssé's PhD thesis. Also named for Ehrenfeucht is the Ehrenfeucht–Mycielski sequence.
In 1971 Ehrenfeucht was a founding member of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He currently teaches and does research at the University, where he runs a project, "breaking away", with Patricia Baggett; the project, using hands-on activities, aims at raising high-school students' interest in mathematics and technology.
Two of Ehrenfeucht's students, Eugene Myers and David Haussler, contributed to the sequencing of the human genome. They, with Harold Gabow, Ross McConnell, and Grzegorz Rozenberg, spoke at a 2012 University of Colorado two-day symposium honoring Ehrenfeucht's 80th birthday.
Two journal issues have come out in his honor, one at his 65th birthday in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, and one at his 80th in Theoretical Computer Science.

### Private life

Ehrenfeucht married Alfred Tarski's daughter Ina Tarski.
# Trutch Island

Trutch Island is an island on the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is one of the northernmost of the Estevan Group of islands and like other islands in the group was named for a Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, in this case Joseph Trutch, who had also been Commissioner of Public works and had held other positions in the colonial governments.
# West Cracroft Island

West Cracroft Island is an island in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located east of Port McNeill. It is the larger of the two Cracroft Islands, the other, East Cracroft Island, being so named to distinguish between the two islands, which at low tide are one island.

## Name origin

The Cracroft Islands were named in 1861 by Captain Richards of HMS Plumper for Sophia Cracroft, the niece of Sir John Franklin, the explorer. She accompanied Lady Jane Franklin on her round-the-world voyage, which brought them to British Columbia during the Fraser Gold Rush of 1858. They remained in British Columbia and explored its coast in 1861 before returning to England. Other features named for her in this area are the Sophia Islets off the southwest side of the island, and Cracroft Point at the very western tip of West Cracroft, at 50°33′00″N 126°40′45″W﻿ / ﻿50.55000°N 126.67917°W﻿ / 50.55000; -126.67917﻿ (Cracroft Point) with the nearby Franklin Range across Johnstone Strait on Vancouver Island being named for Sir John and Lady Franklin.
# Plumper Islands

The Plumper Islands, also referred to as the Plumper Group, are a small group of island located between Hanson Island and the Pearse Islands in the Queen Charlotte Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia. The island are named for HMS Plumper, which surveyed the Coast of British Columbia in 1858–1861.
# 2 or 3 Things I Know About Him

2 or 3 Things I Know About Him (German: 2 oder 3 Dinge, die ich von ihm weiß) is a documentary film in which German director Malte Ludin examines the impact of Nazism in his family. Malte's father, Hanns Ludin, was the Third Reich's ambassador to Slovakia. As such, he signed deportation orders that sent thousands of Jews to Auschwitz. Hanns Ludin was executed for war crimes in 1947.

## Production

Malte Ludin did not undertake this film until after the death of his mother, Erla. The documentary does include clips of earlier interviews he conducted with Erla, however. Malte also interviews his sisters, who recall their father with some fondness.

## Synopsis

A German filmmaker forces his siblings to come to terms with their father's Nazi past. Despite documentary evidence of Hanns Ludin's direct involvement in the deportation of thousands of Slovak Jews to their deaths, director Malte Ludin's sisters remain in various phases of denial about their dad. His older sister, Barbel, is a particularly staunch denier of any complicity on the part of the elder Ludin, who served as Adolf Hitler's ambassador to Slovakia during World War II.
The film exposes the spectrum of reaction to the Holocaust among the post-war generation in Germany. While Ludin confronts his father, and Germany's, guilt full-on, his sister Barbel continually refuses to concede the most basic points about the mass slaughter of millions of Jews by the Nazis.

## Release

2 oder 3 Dinge, die ich von ihm weiß was first shown in 2005. In 2007, it was released as 2 or 3 Things I Know About Him in Manhattan by the National Center for Jewish Film. It opened at Film Forum on January 24, 2007, and was paired with Torte Bluma, an English-language short by Benjamin Ross.

## Reception

The film was received well by critics. As of July 2020, the film holds a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on six reviews with an average rating of 8/10.
# Peace Party (Hungary, 1848)

The Peace Party (Hungarian: Békepárt) was a political party in the Hungarian State which sought to make a peace agreement with the Austrian Habsburg dynasty. There was no accepted leader of the party, and some historians have questioned the existence of the party. Nonetheless, there were some notable leaders, including Miklós Wesselényi, Gábor Kazinczy, Lajos Kovács, and Pál Nyáry. They were generally seen as liberal, albeit more conservative than Lajos Kossuth.
# Zebrzydowice, Rybnik

Zebrzydowice (German: Seibersdorf) is a district of Rybnik, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. On December 31, 2013 it had 3,150 inhabitants.

## History

Before the 17th century the village belonged to Zebrzydowski family.
After World War I in the Upper Silesia plebiscite 332 out of 380 voters in Zebrzydowice voted in favour of joining Poland, against 47 opting for staying in Germany. In 1922 it became a part of Silesian Voivodeship, Second Polish Republic. It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Poland. It was amalgamated with Rybnik in 1973.
# Hattendorf

Hattendorf a German surname that is classified as being of habitation origin. Habitation names are those family names which are derived from either the location or the town or place of residence of the initial bearer or from the name of the town or village from whence he hailed. Hattendorf can be traced back to 1547. The origin of the family name Hattendorf is Germany. Notable people with the surname include:
# Žebgraužiai

Žebgraužiai (formerly Russian: Жабграуже, Polish: Żabgrauże) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village was uninhabited. It is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from Pajieslys, on the Pajieslys Ridge.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1902 | 59 | — |
| 1923 | 49 | −0.88% |
| 1959 | 41 | −0.49% |
| 1970 | 32 | −2.23% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1979 | 25 | −2.71% |
| 1989 | 8 | −10.77% |
| 2001 | 5 | −3.84% |
| 2011 | 0 | −100.00% |
Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011 :
# Diplognathodus

Diplognathodus is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Anchignathodontidae. Specimens are found in Carboniferous and Permian formations.
The genus Sweetognathus originated in the earliest Permian as S. expansus from Diplognathodus edentulus.
Diplognathodus ellesmerensis has been proposed as a marker of the Moscovian, in the Pennsylvanian age of the Carboniferous.
# Tetratheca ericifolia

Tetratheca ericifolia is a species of flowering plant in the quandong family that is endemic to Australia.

## Description

The species grows as a diffuse or compact shrub to 15–40 cm in height, and with stems covered with pale brown bristles. The linear leaves are 3–10 mm long and 1–1.5 mm wide. The flowers are lilac-pink, with petals 5–12.5 mm long, appearing throughout the year, but mainly from July to December.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is found from Nabiac southwards to the Nimmitabel area in eastern New South Wales, where the plants grow in heathland and dry sclerophyll forest on sandy soils.
# John Crayford

John Crayford (died 1547) was a Master of both Clare College, Cambridge, and University College, Oxford, England. Martyn was unusual in being a Master of colleges at both the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. He was the only Master of University College to also have been a Master at a Cambridge college.
Crayford was a Fellow at University College in the early 1520s. He was Master of Clare College, Cambridge from 1530 to 1539 and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge during 1534–36. He helped in the university's support for Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533. From 1545 to 1547 he was Archdeacon of Berkshire. Later he became Master of University College from 1546 until his unexpected death in August 1547, only a year later.