OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shawa

Shawa is a village in the Lower Dir District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It lies 5 kilometres (3 miles) from Chakdara, near the historic Churchill Piquet on the banks of the Swat River.

## Demographics

Its population is about 10,000, primarily Pashtun people (Pathans) speaking the Pashto language.
Shawa village consists of different mohalas, like Darbar, Bur Palau, Manz Palau, Koz Palau, Shamlai, Koza Sha, Sero and Kaga Wala, Khwajal, Tendogag. The village consists of subtribes of Yousufzai including the Muhammad Khyl, Bao Khyl, Haji Khyl Mulayan, Katan Khyl, Umar Khail, Buda Khail, Srakamare, Radat Khail, Fazal Khail, Gali Khail, Panda Khail, Maingan, Teelyan, Qausaryan Mulayan, Tajak, Parachgan and Nayan.

## Economy

The main occupation is farming and animal husbandry, evolving towards the business and transport sectors.
Afternoons are recreational activities in Kwar of Shaw located at the east side of the village. The bazaar is located near darbar masjid.

## Sport

Residents of Shawa usually play cricket, volleyball and soccer, and a senior cricket tournament takes place during Ramadan.

## Education

No libraries are available. Three governmental primary schools are available.

## Etymology

Multiple theories describe the village name. According to one, "Shawa" is a Hindu woman's name; an alternate theory suggests that "Shawa" is the name of the trees that can be seen there.

## Climate

Rainfall in Shawa is low, and agriculture requires irrigation. The main water source is the small irrigation canal that comes known as Shahban Wala. The other sources are tube wells constructed by the government in a compromise that banned cocaine harvesting. The climate is mild in the summer to moderately cold in the winters. High mountains, rich in under exploited mineral resources surround the village.
The village Shawa is divided into four main categories.
* local infrastructure mostly on the bank of the Kwar river.
* the river which has high value for sand and stone for construction.
* the fields which are divided, some on the east side in the hills and some in the Kwajal and the river.
* the hills of Shawa located at the east that range from the Tazagram hill to the Barori hills to the Shamozi and Dara hills.
# Verges, Spain

Verges (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the Province of Girona, Catalonia.

## Features

The town is famous for its Dansa de la Mort celebrations every Holy Thursday, probably the last remaining Dance of Death in Europe, performed uninterruptedly since the Middle Ages.
Among the notable citizens born in Verges are:
* Francesc Cambó. (1876-1947) politician
* Lluís Llach. (1948) singer
* Maria Perpinyà Sais. (1901-1994) writer and journalist
# High Tor State Park

High Tor State Park is a 691-acre (2.80 km$^2$) state park on the north edge of the Town of Clarkstown in Rockland County, New York, United States. The park is located on South Mountain, which has two peaks, High Tor and Little Tor. Its highest peak, High Tor, is 797 feet (243 m) high.

## Park description

High Tor State Park is intended for day use during the summer months, and contains picnic tables, a pool and showers, hiking trails, and a food concession. The Long Path passes through the park.
The park contains two peaks: High Tor at 797 feet (243 m), and Little Tor at 620 feet (190 m). They are the highest peaks in not only the park, but in all of the Hudson Palisades. The skylines of New York City, Jersey City and Newark are visible to hikers on High Tor, as well as on Little Tor during the Fall and Winter months when there's less foliage.
High Tor was used as a signal point during the American Revolution for the colonists, and was used as an air raid watch during World War II. Famous composer Kurt Weill worked as an air raid warden there.
# Nouna Airport

Nouna Airport (IATA: XNU, ICAO: DFON) is a public use airport located near Nouna, Kossi, Burkina Faso.
# Lemoine Point Conservation Area

Lemoine Point Conservation Area is a 136-hectare (340-acre) recreational conservation area at the west end of Kingston, Ontario. The area is bordered by Collins Bay on the north and west sides, Lake Ontario on the south and Kingston/Norman Rogers Airport on the east.

## History

In 1784, Johan Jost Herkimer, a Loyalist, was granted a land allotment of 3,450 acres (1,400 ha) in the township west of the village of Cataraqui (modern-day downtown Kingston) for his service to the Crown during the American Revolutionary War. He also received two acres (0.81 ha) in the village. The township land allotment included what is now the conservation area and became known as Herkimer's Nose or Herkimer's Point. The land remained in the Herkimer family until sold to Captain William Lemoine in 1836. The Lemoine family (after which the conservation area is named) sold the land to William Hugh Coverdale as a summer vacation property. The Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority (CRCA) acquired the current conservation area land in 1975. Part of the land (35 hectares, 86 acres) remains as farmland belonging to the Coverdale family, although the CRCA would like to eventually acquire this land and extend the conservation area to cover all 170 hectares (420 acres).

## Description

The conservation area includes a variety of terrain, including deciduous woodlands, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) of shoreline, marshland, fields and grassy areas. Picnic tables, barbecues, and washrooms are available. There are two entrances, each with its own parking lot, at the north and south ends of the conservation area. Most trails are quite flat; several of them are wide and smooth enough to be wheelchair accessible. A variety of wildlife may be seen in the conservation area, including birds, insects, snakes, and mammals ranging from chipmunks and squirrels to deer.

## Image gallery

* Woodland trail near the shore of Lake Ontario
* Trail through an open field near the airport
* Marshy shoreline on Collins Bay
* Deer crossing the broad trail
* Main parking lot
# Lundtofte

Lundtofte is a neighbourhood in Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality, located north of Kongens Lyngby. The town is bordered by Nærumbanen, the Mølleåen river, the Technical University of Denmark and the Helsingørmotorvejen. DTU is situated on the location of the former Lundtofte Flyveplads.
Major company Haldor Topsøe is located in Lundtofte. Catalysts by Haldor Topsøe are used in production of around 50% of the world's fertilizer.
Lundtofte Church originates from 1921.
# Ericrocidini

The Ericrocidini are a tribe of cuckoo bees in the family Apidae.

## Genera

* Acanthopus
* Aglaomelissa
* Ctenioschelus
* Epiclopus
* Ericrocis
* Hopliphora
* Mesocheira
* Mesonychium
* Mesoplia
# David Lindsay (d. 1667)

David Lindsay (also Lindsey; c. 1583 - d. 23 November 1667) was a minister serving in the Church of Scotland. He was the author of several theological tracts and sermons.

## Clerical career

Lindsay was educated at St Andrews University and graduated MA in 1607. He was appointed to the parish of Carmyllie in 1609 and moved shortly afterwards to Kinnettles in 1610. He moved to the parish of Belhelvie in 1617 where he remained until his death in 1667. An attempt to transport Lindsay to the parish of Dundee in 1638 was unsuccessful.
Lindsay signed the National Covenant in 1638 and was a member of the General Assemblies of 1638 and 1639 where episcopacy was abolished in the Church of Scotland. He was the chairman for the Committee of Bills, one of the key steering groups for the Assemblies, in 1638 and 1639. At this time, Robert Baillie, future principal of Glasgow University, described Lindsay as a 'stirring and a pragmatic bold man'.
Lindsay was made rector of King's College, Aberdeen, in 1651.
Despite his subscription of the National Covenant, Lindsay remained in post after the Restoration in 1660.

## Publications

Lindsay published several pieces, mainly devotional works, during his lifetime. These included:
* A Delorous Expression and An Eclogue on the Death of Bishop Forbes (1635)
* Scotland's Halleluiah (Aberdeen, 1642)
* The Converts Cordiall (1644)

## Personal life

Lindsay married Elizabeth Ochterlony at some point before December 1617. After her death, Lindsay married again, this time to Margaret Annand. He had three children: John, Elizabeth and Helen. Lindsay died on 23 November 1667.
# Mark Johnson

Mark Johnson may refer to:

## Entertainment

* Mark Johnson (musician) (born 1955), American banjoist
* Mark Johnson (producer) (born 1945), American film producer
* Mark Steven Johnson (born 1964), American film director and writer
* Mark Johnson, played officer Luke Everett in In the Heat of the Night
* Mark Johnson, creator of the multimedia music project Playing For Change

## Politics

* Mark Johnson (North Carolina politician) (active from 2016), American attorney, educator, and politician
* Mark Johnson (Oregon politician) (born 1957), American politician
* Mark Johnson (Minnesota politician), American lawyer, businessman and member of the Minnesota Senate
* Mark Johnson (Ohio politician), Ohio state representative

## Sports
### Baseball

* Mark Johnson (baseball coach), Texas A&M Aggies, Sam Houston State Bearkats
* Mark Johnson (catcher) (born 1975), former professional baseball catcher
* Mark Johnson (first baseman) (born 1967), former professional baseball first baseman
* Mark Johnson (pitcher) (born 1975), former Major League Baseball pitcher
* Mark Johnson (umpire) (1950–2016), professional baseball umpire

### Other sports

* Mark Johnson (American football) (born 1953), American football player
* Mark Johnson (announcer) (born 1966), British horse racing announcer
* Mark Johnson (basketball), American basketball coach
* Mark Johnson (boxer) (born 1971), American boxer
* Mark Johnson (cricketer, born 1963), American cricketer
* Mark Johnson (Yorkshire cricketer) (born 1958), former English first-class cricketer
* Mark Johnson (curler) (born 1958), American-Canadian curler from Edmonton, Alberta
* Mark Johnson (footballer) (born 1978), Australian rules footballer
* Mark Johnson (golfer) (born 1954), American professional golfer
* Mark Johnson (ice hockey) (born 1957), American gold medal winner at 1980 Winter Olympics
* Mark Johnson (rugby league) (born 1969), South African wing
* Mark Johnson (wrestler), American former Greco-Roman wrestler and coach
* Mark "Slick" Johnson, professional wrestling referee

## Other

* Mark Johnson (philosopher) (born 1949), philosophy professor
* Mark H. Johnson, developmental neuroscience professor
* Mark W. Johnson, co-founder of Innosight
* Mark A. Johnson, American physical chemist
* Mark Johnson, chief meteorologist for WEWS-TV
# Root directory

In a computer file system, and primarily used in the Unix and Unix-like operating systems, the root directory is the first or top-most directory in a hierarchy. It can be likened to the trunk of a tree, as the starting point where all branches originate from. The root file system is the file system contained on the same disk partition on which the root directory is located; it is the filesystem on top of which all other file systems are mounted as the system boots up.

## Unix-like systems

Unix abstracts the nature of this tree hierarchy entirely and in Unix and Unix-like systems the root directory is denoted by the / (slash) sign. Though the root directory is conventionally referred to as /, the directory entry itself has no name – its path is the "empty" part before the initial directory separator character (/). All file system entries, including mounted file systems are "branches" of this root.

### chroot

In UNIX-like operating systems, each process has its own idea of what the root directory is. For most processes this is the same as the system's actual root directory, but it can be changed by calling the chroot system call. This is typically done to create a secluded environment to run software that requires legacy libraries and sometimes to simplify software installation and debugging. Chroot is not meant to be used for enhanced security as the processes inside can break out.

### Super-root

Some Unix systems support a directory below the root directory. Normally, "/.." points back to the same inode as "/", however, under MUNIX [de], this can be changed to point to a super-root directory, where remote trees can be mounted. If, for example, two workstations "pcs2a" and "pcs2b" were connected via "connectnodes" and "uunite" startup script, "/../pcs2b" could be used to access the root directory of "pcs2b" from "pcs2a".

## DOS/Windows systems

Under DOS, OS/2, and Microsoft Windows, each partition has a drive letter assignment (e.g. the C partition is labeled C:\) and there is no public root directory on it.

## Related uses

On many Unixes, there is also a directory named /root (pronounced "slash root"). This is the home directory of the 'root' superuser. On many Mac and iOS systems this superuser home directory is /var/root.
A home page's URL usually points to the root of the respective website's domain name.
# New York Festival of Song

The New York Festival of Song (NYFOS) presents an annual series of concerts in New York City dedicated to the art of song, classical, modern and popular. In addition, this organization commissions new works and recordings, including the Grammy Award-winning recording of Leonard Bernstein's Arias and Barcarolles (Koch), and the Grammy-nominated recording of Ned Rorem's Evidence of Things Not Seen (1997, New World Records).

## History

The festival was founded in 1988 by Steven Blier and Michael Barrett.
For the 100th anniversary of the Juilliard School in January 2006, NYFOS collaborated on a program featuring "100 Years of Juilliard Composers in Song".
In 2007, NYFOS released a live-recording CD entitled Spanish Love Songs (Bridge), featuring Lorraine Hunt Lieberson and Joseph Kaiser, performing with Blier and Barrett at Caramoor. The program was recorded live just before Lieberson's death in 2006.
In December 2008, Bridge Records released an original cast recording of Bastianello / Lucrezia, featuring soprano Lisa Vroman, mezzo-soprano Sasha Cooke, tenor Paul Appleby, baritone Patrick Mason and bass Matt Boehler, with pianists Steven Blier and Michael Barrett. With a score by John Musto and a libretto by Mark Campbell, Bastianello is a family fable of love and folly based on a poignant Italian folk tale. In March 2008, it had its World Premiere, along with William Bolcom's comic piece Lucrezia (a version of Machiavelli′s La Mandragola, libretto also by Mark Campbell) at Weill Recital Hall at Carnegie Hall, commissioned and presented by the New York Festival of Song.

## Notable programs

NYFOS has created and premiered over a hundred unique programs, many of which have toured the United States. Some that have been favorably reviewed and/or frequently reprised:
At Harlem's Height, premiered in 2001, explores the music of the Harlem Renaissance, with songs by Eubie Blake, Fats Waller, William Grant Still, Florence Price and others.
Songs of Peace and War, premiered in 2001, shortly after the World Trade Center attack.
Dvořák and the American Soul, premiered in 2002, juxtaposes songs by Czech composer Antonín Dvořák and those of his African-American students from the period in the 1890s when he was teaching at the National Conservatory in New York, showing how each influenced the other.
Blok and Akhmatova: Poets Without Heroes, premiered in 2005, explores music composed around the work of these Russian poets.
# Bill W. Benton

Bill W. Benton is an American sound engineer. He won an Academy Award for Best Sound and has been nominated for two more in the same category. He has worked on more than 110 films since 1980.

## Selected filmography

Benton won an Academy Award for Best Sound and has been nominated for another two:

### Won

* Dances with Wolves (1990)

### Nominated

* Geronimo: An American Legend (1993)
* Independence Day (1996)
# CDAX

The CDAX is a German stock market index calculated by Deutsche Börse. It is a composite index of all stocks traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange that are listed in the General Standard or Prime Standard market segments.
# 5 rin coin

The five rin coin (五厘青銅貨) was a Japanese coin worth one two-hundredth of a Japanese yen, as 5 rin equalled +1⁄2 sen, and 100 sen equaled 1 yen. These coins were a successor to the equally valued half sen coin which was previously minted until 1888. Overall, the history of the five rin coin is brief as they were only minted from 1916 to 1919 before being devalued monetarily. They were later demonetized by the end of 1953 and are now widely available for collectors.

## History

Five rin coins are first mentioned in new coinage laws that were passed in 1897 when Japan officially switched to the gold standard. These coins are a successor in terms of value to the previously issued half sen coin which had been made from 1873 to 1888. Initially the quality of this new "five rin" coin was set in a similar bronze alloy consisting of 95% copper, and 5% tin and zinc. However, only patterns were struck towards the end of Emperor Meiji's reign as the urgent task at the time was to manufacture gold and silver coins in accordance with the new law. Five rin coins were eventually minted for circulation in 1916 during the 5th year of Emperor Taishō's reign in response to rising inflation caused by World War I which led to an overall shortage of subsidiary coins. By this time, the "five rin" coin had been reduced in diameter from the size of a half sen (21.8mm) down to 18.78mm and weighed over a gram less. Their mintage period was brief as five rin coins were discontinued after only four years of production due to their sharp decline in monetary value. The overall demand for subsidiary coinage had ended as Japan slipped into a post-war recession. Five rin coins were eventually taken out of circulation at the end of 1953 and demonetized. The Japanese government passed a new law during this time that abolished subsidiary coinage in favor of the yen. Five rin coins are now easily obtainable in circulated grades. This is due to a large amount of surviving coins that were kept by the public either as souvenirs or from unused accumulation.

## Circulation figures

Taishō
The following are circulation figures for the five rin coin, all of which were minted between the 5th and 8th year of Taishō's reign. The dates all begin with the Japanese symbol 大正 (Taishō), followed by the year of his reign the coin was minted. Each coin is read clockwise from right to left, so in the example used below "五" would read as "year 5" or 1916.
    "Year" ← "Number representing year of reign" ← "Emperor's name" (Ex: 年 ← 五 ← 正大)
| Year of reign | Japanese date | Gregorian date | Mintage |
| 5th | 五 | 1916 | 8,000,000 |
| 6th | 六 | 1917 | 5,287,584 |
| 7th | 七 | 1918 | 11,661,877 |
| 8th | 八 | 1919 | 17,130,539 |
# Agent Vinod

Agent Vinod may refer to:
* Agent Vinod (1977 film), a 1977 Indian Hindi-language spy action film by Deepak Bahry, starring Mahendra Sandhu
* Agent Vinod (2012 film), a remake of the above by Sriram Raghavan, starring Saif Ali Khan
# Martial Mischler

Martial Mischler (born 6 July 1964) is a French former wrestler who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics, in the 1988 Summer Olympics, and in the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Udaltsov

Udaltsov is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexander Udaltsov (historian) (1883–1958), Bolshevik historian
* Anastasia Udaltsova (born 1978), Russian politician
* Sergei Udaltsov (born 1977), Russian political activist
# Trower Road

Trower Road is a major arterial road in the northern suburbs of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. The road is a major access route for services and institutions located in the Casuarina area, including Casuarina Square, Royal Darwin Hospital and Charles Darwin University. The road is named for Horace M Trower, Director of Lands from 1917-21. It is one of the busiest roads in Darwin, used by an average of 27,084 vehicles per day in 2010, behind only Bagot Road and the Stuart Highway. Trower Road provides dual carriageways separated by central median for most of its length, however as many suburban collector roads meet along the route, the maximum speed limit is 70 km/h (43 mph). The road was opened in stages between 1963 and 1969 as development in the northern suburbs progressed. A final extension in 1981 providing access to the Casuarina Coastal Reserve left a section of the road in Brinkin isolated from the main route.

## Description of Route

From a traffic light controlled junction with Progress Drive in the suburb of Millner, Trower Road continues eastwards as an extension of Bagot Road towards Rapid Creek. This section was opened in 1963 as far as Rapid Creek Road. Trower Road then crosses Rapid Creek, passing the Jingili water gardens, where an elevated footbridge carries pedestrians over the road. The road meets Lakeside Drive at a traffic light controlled intersection in Alawa, before continuing to Rothdale Road. Despite Trower Road carrying three lanes of traffic in each direction, other than providing dedicated turning lanes, right turns are not protected at this junction.
From here, Trower Road begins to curve to the north, before reaching another set of traffic lights at Parer Drive outside Casuarina Senior College, providing access to Moil and Wagaman. This section then continues northeast to Dripstone Road and the Casuarina Square Shopping Centre.
Continuing on an alignment constructed between 1967 and 1969, Trower Road meets Vanderlin Drive at a major junction just north of Dripstone road with both intersections controlled by traffic lights. Beyond Casuarina there is significantly less traffic that uses the road, which turns back west passing Henbury Avenue (providing access to the Royal Darwin Hospital) and Dripstone Middle School. Through the suburbs of Tiwi, Nakara and Brinkin, Trower Road narrows before arriving at a roundabout entering the Casuarina Coastal Reserve and becoming an access road for carparks spread along the foreshore.
# Arrow Cross

A cross whose arms end in arrowheads is called a "cross barby" or "cross barbée" in the traditional terminology of heraldry. In Christian use, the ends of this cross resemble the barbs of fish hooks, or fish spears.
In modern use, the symbol has become associated with extremist organisations after the Arrow Cross (Nyilaskereszt) symbol was used in Hungary in the 1930s and 1940s as the symbol of a far-right Hungarist fascist political party, the Arrow Cross Party, led by Ferenc Szálasi, and of this party's thuggish paramilitary organization. The symbol consists of two green double-ended arrows in a cross configuration on a white circular background on a red background. The arrow cross symbol remains outlawed in Hungary.
A variant symbol, the Crosstar, is used by the Nationalist Movement, a white supremacist group based in the United States.
The arrow cross was previously used by the Falange Venezolana (Venezuelan Phalanx), a far-right group based in Venezuela.