OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Institut de recherche d'Hydro-Québec

L'Institut de recherche d'Hydro-Québec (Hydro-Québec Research Institute), known by its acronym IREQ ("Institut de recherche en électricité du Québec", Quebec Electricity Research Institute) is a research institute established in 1967 by government-owned utility Hydro-Québec. IREQ operates from Varennes, a town on the south shore of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. IREQ operates on an annual research budget of approximately $100 million and specializes in the areas of high voltage, mechanics and thermomechanics, network simulations and calibration.
In the last 20 years, the institute has also conducted research and development work towards the electrification of ground transportation. Current projects include battery advanced materials, including work on molten salts, lithium iron phosphate and nanotitanate, improved electric drive trains and the impacts of the large scale deployment of electric vehicles on the power grid. Projects focus on technologies to increase range, improve performance in cold weather and reduce charging time.
During the 1980s, IREQ built and operated the Tokamak de Varennes, a tokamak device and at that time Canada's largest scientific project. The system operated until 1997 and is now on exhibit at the Canada Science and Technology Museum in Ottawa.
# Gornja Rogatica

Gornja Rogatica (Serbian Cyrillic: Горња Рогатица) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Bačka Topola municipality, in the North Bačka District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 477 people (2002 census).

## Historical population

* 1961: 1,059
* 1971: 873
* 1981: 624
* 1991: 587
* 2002: 477
# Rene Lehtinen

Rene Lehtinen (born 27 March 1985) is a former motorcycle speedway rider, who was a member of Finland team at 2007 Speedway World Cup.

## Career

Lehtinen competed in three World longtrack Grand Prix series in 2009, 2011 and 2012].
In 2007, he won the Finland Long Track championship and Nordic Long Track championship.

## Results
### World Championships

* Team World Championship (Speedway World Team Cup and Speedway World Cup)
** 2007 - 8th place (did not start as reserve)
* Team U-21 World Championship
** 2005 - 4th place in Qualifying Round 3
** 2006 - 4th place in Qualifying Round 2
# Seasoning

Seasoning is the process of supplementing food via herbs, spices, and/or salts, intended to enhance a particular flavour.

## General meaning

Seasonings include herbs and spices, which are themselves frequently referred to as "seasonings". However, Larousse Gastronomique states that "to season and to flavor are not the same thing", insisting that seasoning includes a large or small amount of salt being added to a preparation. Salt may be used to draw out water, or to magnify a natural flavor of a food making it richer or more delicate, depending on the dish. This type of procedure is akin to curing. For instance, sea salt (a coarser-grained salt) is rubbed into chicken, lamb, and beef to tenderize the meat and improve flavour. Other seasonings like black pepper and basil transfer some of their flavors to the food. A well-designed dish may combine seasonings that complement each other.
In addition to the choice of herbs and seasoning, the timing of when flavors are added will affect the food that is being cooked or otherwise prepared. Seasonings are usually added near the end of the cooking period, or even at the table, when the food is served. The most common table-seasonings are salt, pepper, and acids (such as lemon juice). When seasonings are used properly, they cannot be tasted; their job is to heighten the flavors of the original ingredients.
Researchers have found traces of garlic mustard seeds in prehistoric pots that also contained traces of meat, making this the earliest recording of seasoning food.

## Oil infusion

Infused oils are also used for seasoning. There are two methods for doing an infusion—hot and cold. Olive oil makes a good infusion base for some herbs, but tends to go rancid more quickly than other oils. Infused oils should be kept refrigerated.

## Escoffier

In Le Guide Culinaire, Auguste Escoffier divides seasoning and condiments into the following groups:

### Seasonings

* Saline seasonings – salt, spiced salt, saltpeter.
* Acid seasonings – plain vinegar (sodium acetate), or same aromatized with tarragon; verjuice, lemon and orange juices.
* Hot seasonings – peppercorns, ground or coarsely chopped pepper, or mignonette pepper; paprika, curry, cayenne, and mixed pepper spices.
* Spice seasonings – made by using essential oils like paprika, clove oil, etc.

### Condiments

* The pungents – onions, shallots, garlic, chives, and horseradish.
* Hot condiments – mustard, gherkins, capers, English sauces, such as Worcestershire sauce, ketchup, etc. and American sauces such as chili sauce, Tabasco, A1 Steak Sauce, etc.; the wines used in reductions and braisings; the finishing elements of sauces and soups.
* Fatty substances – most animal fats, butter, vegetable greases (edible oils and margarine).

## Non-culinary uses

Seasonings have also been used for non-culinary purposes throughout history. Cinnamon, for example, was widely utilized in the production of Kyphi, a perfume used in ancient Egypt. Other herbs and spices have also been used in a variety of historical medicinal treatments, such as those described in Ebers Papyrus.
# Banatsko Veliko Selo

Banatsko Veliko Selo (Serbian Cyrillic: Банатско Велико Село) is a village located in the municipality of Kikinda, North Banat District, Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a population of 3,034 (2002 census), of which the majority are Serbs (96.30%).

## Name

The name of the village means 'big Banat village' in Serbian. The village was formed after World War II by combining three villages. Those three villages had had a Banat Swabian ethnic majority and were named Sankt Hubert, Charleville, and Seultour in German, and Szenthubert, Károlyliget, and Szentborbála in Hungarian.

## History

Following Ottoman rule, there were no proper settlements in the present location of the village. Following an order by the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria on November 25, 1763, the right to settle this area was given exclusively to Roman Catholics. In 1770 and 1771, this area was settled by French settlers from the Lorraine region and by southwestern German settlers—these German settlers later became known as the Banat Swabians. They founded three villages: Sankt Hubert, Charleville, and Seultour. In the course of the late 18th century, these settlements changed hands several times. Over time, the French settlers were assimilated into the German population. After World War II, the Germans were expelled, and Serbian families from the Bosnian Krajina region settled the area. One larger village named Veliko Selo was formed out of the three German villages. In 1948, its name was changed to Banatsko Veliko Selo. Today the names of the former German villages are used as names for neighborhoods within the larger village.

## Historical population

* 1948: 4,388
* 1953: 4,276
* 1961: 4,310
* 1971: 3,603
* 1981: 3,332
* 1991: 3,134
* 2002: 3,034

## Gallery

* Orthodox Church of Basil of Ostrog completed in 2012

## Notable people

* Branimir Brstina, actor
# Novi Kozarci

Novi Kozarci (Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Козарци) is a village in Serbia. It is located in the Municipality of Kikinda, North Banat District, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has an ethnic Serb majority (93.19%) and a population of 1,912 (2011 census).

## Name

The name of the village is derived from Mount Kozara in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and means 'new Kozarans'. Serbs from the Kozara region settled the village after World War II.

## Events

Since 2009 Novi Kozarci has been hosting Pie Fest (srb: Pitijada) every last week in September. This event consists of various competitions: making the best traditional potato pie, making the longest pie (Pie for Guinness), fast pie eating competition (srb: Pitožder) and sports competitions (srb: Novokozarački Višeboj).

## Ethnic groups (2002 census)

* Serbs = 2,122 (93.19%)
* Romani = 61 (2.68%)
* Yugoslavs = 28 (1.23%)
* Hungarians = 11 (0.48%)
* others.

## Historical population

* 1961: 3,668
* 1971: 3,068
* 1981: 2,668
* 1991: 2,488
* 2002: 2,277
# Silk Hope

Silk Hope is a 1999 made-for-TV romantic-drama film that starred Farrah Fawcett, along with Brad Johnson, Ashley Crow, and Scott Bryce.

## Plot

Frannie Vaughn (Fawcett) comes back home after being away a long time, only to find that her mother has died. She also finds out that her sister, Natalie (Crow) and her fiance, Jake (Bryce), are planning to sell the acres once owned by Frannie and Natalie's family. To buy the land back from her sister, Frannie gets a job and falls in love with a fellow worker, Rubin (Johnson). In the end, Frannie's dreams come true and Natalie comes to her senses and moves into the old family house with Frannie and Rubin.

## Cast

* Farrah Fawcett as Frannie Vaughn
* Ashley Crow as Natalie
* Brad Johnson as Rubin
* Scott Bryce as Jake
* Herb Mitchell as Claude Osteen
* Debra Mooney as Violet
* Mark Lindsay Chapman as Ted Bass
* Diane Delano as Linda
* Kym Whitley as Grace
* Jan Hoag as Pig Farmer
# Black Widow (2010 film)

Black Widow is a 2010 thriller film directed by Mark Roemmich and starring Jack Scalia, Jennifer O'Dell, and Christopher McDonald.

## Premise

Sean McMurphy, a wealthy entrepreneur, meets a very beautiful woman and a passionate love affair ignites but soon it unfolds into a dark suspense/thriller where everyone around him is seduced into her dark web of lies, torture and deceit.

## Reception

The film received mixed to positive reception from critics. Roger Ebert gave it 3/4 stars.
# Atlante Veneto

Atlante Veneto (1690–1701) was a comprehensive atlas published by the Franciscan geographer Vincenzo Maria Coronelli and intended as a continuation of the Blaeu Atlas Maior. This monumental work was published in thirteen folios and provided a wealth of detail covering ancient and modern cartographers and geographers, together with astronomical and historical data. These maps were engraved in a bold style and printed on fine white paper, the more important ones spread over two sheets, allowing for great detail.
The first part comprises an introduction to geography with engravings of globes, wind roses, and cosmographic systems through the ages from Ptolemy, Copernicus and Tycho Brahe to Descartes.
The second part deals exclusively with the earth, starting with a map by Ptolemy, and two modern maps, each covering a hemisphere, followed by two double-page maps of Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America, ending with maps of the North and South Pole.
The third part deals with hydrography - the oceans, rivers, lakes and deltas. Here are to be found maps of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the Bosporus, Gulf of Venice and rivers such as the Niger River, Amazon River, Rhine, Danube, and Volga.
The final part describes the ships that explored these waters.
# Net protein utilization

The net protein utilization (NPU) is the percentage of ingested nitrogen that is retained in the body.

## Rating

It is used to determine the nutritional efficiency of protein in the diet,$^{:11}$ that is, it is used as a measure of "protein quality" for human nutritional purposes.
As a value, NPU can range from 0 to 1 (or 100), with a value of 1 (or 100) indicating 100% utilization of dietary nitrogen as protein and a value of 0 an indication that none of the nitrogen supplied was converted to protein.
Certain foodstuffs, such as eggs or milk, rate as 1 on an NPU chart.
Experimentally, this value can be determined by determining dietary protein intake and then measuring nitrogen excretion. One formula for apparent NPU is:
    NPU = {0.16 × (24 hour protein intake in grams)} - {(24 hour urinary urea nitrogen) + 2} - {0.1 × (ideal body weight in kilograms)} / {0.16 × (24 hour protein intake in grams)}
NPU and biological value (BV) both measure nitrogen retention; the difference is that biological value is calculated from nitrogen absorbed, whereas net protein utilization is from nitrogen ingested. Another closely related quantity is the net postprandial protein utilization (NPPU), which is the maximum potential NPU of a dietary protein source under ideal conditions.$^{:12}$
The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) is a more modern rating for determining protein quality, and the current ranking standard used by the FDA.
The Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) is a protein quality method, proposed in March 2013 by the Food and Agriculture Organization to replace the current protein ranking standard, the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS). The proposition is contested, however, due to lack of data.
# Vikhroli

Vikhroli (Marathi pronunciation:) is a suburb of Mumbai located on the northeastern side of the city. The suburb has a railway station by the name Vikhroli on the Central Railway line.
It is also home to one of the largest mangrove forests in Maharashtra, India.
# Girolamo Zenti

Girolamo Zenti (Viterbo c.1609 - Paris c.1666) (also: Girolama de Zenti, Gerolamo de Sentis, Hieronymus de Zentis) was an Italian harpsichord maker and organ builder in the 17th century. He is known as the probable inventor of the bentside spinet and for having traveled unusually extensively to practice his trade at the courts of Europe, including Rome, Florence, Paris, London and Stockholm.

## Biography

Information on Zenti's life is fragmentary and spread wide. Zenti was born in Viterbo, near Rome, and was registered as an instrument maker in the papal capital by 1638. He was apprentice to Giovani Battista Boni, and took over the workshop at the latter's death in 1641. He took a commission at the Swedish court in 1653, serving Queen Christina for several years. He took an Organ building project in Rome in 1660, but left the instrument unfinished for Paris. By 1664 he was in service at the newly restored English court of Charles II. He received the title of The King's virginal maker, but was back in Rome before the year was out. Two years later he was again in Paris, where he died in 1666. At some point he was probably in service of the Medici family in Florence, for an inventory made at Bartolomeo Cristofori's arrival there in 1700 lists six Zenti instruments.

## Zenti and the bentside spinet

It is not proven that Zenti invented the bentside spinet, but the earliest existing bentside spinet (1631) is by Zenti, and the instrument became popular, especially in Britain, after his travels there. The final clue giving this theory support is that in France the bentside spinet was called: espinette á l'italienne.

## Surviving instruments

No instruments from his time in northern Europe have been discovered, but around a dozen instruments from Italy have been attributed to him, although only two with certainty, a bentside spinet and a harpsichord. The most famous is without doubt the 1631 bentside spinet now in Brussels. A true inner instrument of thinwalled cypress in an ornate outer box, single scale in brass. A harpsichord, now preserved at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in NY, dated to the year of his death in 1666, is a single manual, 2x8', true inner-outer instrument, notably restored by Cristofori's apprentice, Giovani Ferrini, bearing the inscription: "HIERONYMUS ZENTI FECIT ROMAE A.S. MDCLXVI/ JOANNES FERRINI FLORENTINVS RESTAVRAVIT MDCCLV" The Metropolitan museum also houses an octave spinet probably by Zenti of unusually small size, possibly made for a child. In the Deutsches Museum in Munich there is an instrument traced through organological evidence to Zenti, that regrettably is a victim of Leopoldo Franciolini, a noted antiques fraudster in the late 19th century who ruined the instrument by installing two extra keyboards to pump up its price.
# Rijksmuseum Research Library

The Rijksmuseum Research Library is the largest and oldest public art history research library in the Netherlands. The library is part of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. The profile of the library collection parallels that of the museum. The online catalogue contains over 400,000 monographs, 3,400 periodicals and 90,000 art sales catalogues. About 50,000 art sales catalogues published before 1989 are not yet entered in the online catalogue. The collection grows, on average, by 10,000 to 15,000 books, auction catalogues, and periodicals every year.

## History

The library, also known as the Cuypers Library, opened in 1885 jointly with the rest of the Rijksmuseum. It is the largest of its kind in the Netherlands. It was designed by Pierre Cuypers, a Dutch architect famous for his neo-Gothic style. When designing the library, Cuypers strived to create “a space with a sense of grandeur, which appears larger than it is.” The reduced size of the support points at the top and the bottom create the illusion of greater height and grant the entire space a loftier appearance, thus achieving Cuypers' objective. Since its creation, the library has undergone considerable renovations to restore and improve the building.

## Visitors

After the renovation which started in 2004, the library transformed into a classical reading room, with information about the collections of the museum. An extensive collection of reference books and journals is available in the reading room.
Since April 14, 2013 the library has been housed in the main Rijksmuseum building, Museumstraat 1, Amsterdam. The library is open Monday to Saturday, 10 AM until 5 PM, closed on Sundays and on public holidays.
# Vidyananthan Ramanadhan

Vidyananthan a/l Ramanadhan is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Johor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kahang since March 2008. He served as Member of the Johor State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under former Menteri Besar Hasni Mohammad from March 2020 to March 2022 for the second term and under former Menteri Besar Mohamed Khaled Nordin from May 2013 to the collapse of the BN state administration in May 2018 for the first term. He is a member and State Chairman of Johor of the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), a component party of the BN coalition.

## Personal life
### Death of father

In the morning of 10 July 2022, the father of Vidyananthan, namely D. Ramanadhan, died at the age of 79 at Batu Pahat Hospital, Johor, due to old age, leaving behind two children including Vidyananthan and two grandchildren. Ramanadhan is the former senior assistant of SK Pendidikan Khas Princess Elizabeth Johor Baru and former headmaster of SKPK St Nicholas Penang and SKPK Alma Penang. The funeral rites for Ramanadhan were held at Jalan Azizul Rahman, Kamunting in Taiping, Perak at 2 pm the next day on 11 July 2022. His remains were cremated at the Prestavest Memorial Park Taiping on the same day.

## Election results

Johor State Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 2008 | N31 Kahang | Vidyananthan Ramanadhan (MIC) | 9,272 | 70.14% | Abdul Halim Mohamad Dawam (PKR) | 3,948 | 29.86% | 13,648 | 5,324 | 79.83% |
| 2013 | N31 Kahang | Vidyananthan Ramanadhan (MIC) | 13,955 | 69.40% | Hamdan Basiran (PKR) | 6,154 | 30.60% | 20,494 | 7,801 | 87.71% |
| 2018 | N31 Kahang | Vidyananthan Ramanadhan (MIC) | 10,768 | 57.66% | Noorlihan Ariffin (BERSATU) | 7,907 | 42.34% | 19,132 | 2,861 | 84.10% |
| 2022 | N31 Kahang | Vidyananthan Ramanadhan (MIC) | 10,486 | 62.69% | Daud Yusof (BERSATU) | 3,788 | 22.64% | 16,728 | 6,698 | 57.01% |
| 2022 | N31 Kahang | Vidyananthan Ramanadhan (MIC) | 10,486 | 62.69% | Rahani Banu Abd Rahman Krishnan (AMANAH) | 2,181 | 13.04% | 16,728 | 6,698 | 57.01% |
| 2022 | N31 Kahang | Vidyananthan Ramanadhan (MIC) | 10,486 | 62.69% | Rosdi Amir (PEJUANG) | 273 | 1.63% | 16,728 | 6,698 | 57.01% |

## Honours

* Johor :
** Second Class of the Sultan Ibrahim of Johor Medal (PSI II) (2015)
# Fundación Pérez Scremini

Fundación Pérez Scremini is a Uruguayan non-profit organization that works for the cure of pediatric cancer. Located in Montevideo, it operates the oncology unit at the Hospital Pereira Rossell; it is part of St. Jude Global Alliance. It is funded by private donations and ASSE.
The foundation is named after Bishop Martín Pérez Scremini. It is sponsored by several companies, organizations and individuals, such as football player Luis Suárez and his wife Sofía Balbi.
# Luis del Castillo Estrada

Luis del Castillo Estrada, S.J. (born 21 June 1931, in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan Roman Catholic cleric.

## Biography

Luis del Castillo was ordained priest on 30 July 1966 in the Society of Jesus.
On 9 April 1988 he was appointed titular bishop of Tarasa in Numidia and auxiliary bishop of Montevideo.
He was appointed Bishop of Melo on 21 December 1999, a post he held for almost a decade. He had to resign on 13 June 2009 due to illness.
# Narasing Rao Kallurkar

Narasing Rao Kallurkar was an Indian civil servant and administrator. He was the administrator of Mahe from 9 November 1960 to 31 May 1967.
# Dorota Jakuta

Dorota Jakuta (born 16 January 1958) is a Polish politician, current Chairperson of Bydgoszcz City Council and Councillor who represents the 4th district.
On 12 November 2006 she was elected to Bydgoszcz City Council. She scored 1,970 votes in 4th district, as candidate from Civic Platform list. She took office on 27 November 2006. She was elected to Council Chairperson Office. She is a member of Enterprise, Development and City Promotion Committee and Municipal Economy and Environmental Protection Committee.
# David Were

David Aoko Were is a Kenyan politician. He belongs to the Orange Democratic Movement and was elected to represent the Matungu Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election.
# Kyril Vassilev

Kyril Petrov Vassilev (Bulgarian: Кирил Петров Василев; May 24, 1908 – June 21, 1987) was a Bulgarian-born American world-renowned portrait painter of royalty and American society during the mid-20th century. His parents were Bulgarian and stated that he started painting when he was 3 years old.
At the age of 16, Vassilev received his first important portrait commission to paint Bulgaria's Secretary of War, General Lazaroff. He then enrolled in the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. In 1927, he was selected to paint the official portrait of Bulgaria's King Boris.
In 1929, he completed his masterpiece portrait of the Archbishop Angelo Roncalli, then the papal nuncio to Bulgaria. The Archbishop later became Pope John XXIII. This is the only portrait of Pope John XXIII in his bishop's robe. Vassilev kept the portrait and later rejected an offer of $250,000 for the life-sized oil painting.
Vassilev continued to establish himself as a world-famous portrait artist. He moved to the United States in 1937. He also established a studio in West Palm Beach, where he continued to paint political officials and socialites such as Helen Rich. His friendships included Ernest Hemingway, President Harry S. Truman and Jack Dempsey.
In 1948, Vassilev painted a portrait of American president, Harry S. Truman, which hangs in the Truman Presidential Museum & Library.
Vassilev's famous clients included King Peter II of Yugoslavia and King Michael of Romania.
Vassilev died on June 21, 1987, of a heart attack.
In 1989, Norton Gallery of Art in West Palm Beach, Florida, held a retrospective of his work.
# S. Gurusamy

S. Gurusamy is an Indian politician and incumbent Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Anthiyur constituency in 2006 election.