OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chang Yinfo

Chang Yinfo (Chinese: 常印佛; pinyin: Cháng Yìnfó; 6 July 1931 – 27 April 2024) was a Chinese mineral deposit geologist, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
Chang was a representative of the 13th, 14th, and 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Biography

Chang was born in Taixing County (now Taixing), Jiangsu, on 6 July 1931, to Chang Yisheng (常遗生), and Zhu Zhuoyuan (朱茁沅), both were teachers. He attended Taixing County Private Yanling Middle School, Taixing County Middle School, Zhenjiang High School, and the Affiliated High School of Nanjing Central University. In 1949, he was admitted to Tsinghua University, where he majored in geology.
After graduating in 1952, he was assigned to the Tongling No. 321 Geological Team and was transferred to the Geological and Mineral Resources Department of East China Geological Bureau in July 1955. He moved back to the Tongling No. 321 Geological Team in December 1957, and was promoted to chief engineer in September 1960. He was despatched to Anhui Provincial Geological Bureau in September 1977. He moved up the ranks to become deputy chief engineer in October 1978 and chief engineer in 1982.
In 2002, the University of Science and Technology of China recruited him as Dean of the School of Earth and Space Sciences.

## Personal life and death

Chang married Wang Deyong (汪德镛) on 8 June 1957, they had a son and two daughters together. On 27 April 2024, he died in Hefei, Anhui, at the age of 92.

## Honours and awards

* 1991 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
* 1994 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
* 2000 Science and Technology Progress Award of the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation
# Alessandro Bovolenta

Alessandro Alberto Bovolenta (born 27 May 2004) is an Italian volleyball player. He represented Italy at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
# Pharmacological Research

Pharmacological Research is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering pharmacology. It was established in 1969 as Pharmacological Research Communications, obtaining its current name in 1989. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Emilio Clementi (University of Milan). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 9.1.
# Caliber (mathematics)

In mathematics, the caliber or calibre of a topological space X is a cardinal κ such that for every set of κ nonempty open subsets of X there is some point of X contained in κ of these subsets. This concept was introduced by Shanin (1948).
There is a similar concept for posets. A pre-caliber of a poset P is a cardinal κ such that for any collection of elements of P indexed by κ, there is a subcollection of cardinality κ that is centered. Here a subset of a poset is called centered if for any finite subset there is an element of the poset less than or equal to all of them.
# Global Harvest Ministries

Global Harvest Ministries is a parachurch organisation, focusing on evangelism and church planting around the world. It focuses on the 40/70 Window. GHM was a "major and visible facilitator and stimulator of spiritual mapping in the 1990s."
The organisation was created by C. Peter Wagner in 1991. It fully transitioned into Global Spheres in 2012, and is now led by Chuck Pierce. As of January 1, 2023, Global Spheres became a DBA of Glory of Zion International Ministries, which is also led by Chuck Pierce.
# Stanisław Potocki (starost of Halicz)

Stanisław Potocki hr. Piława (Polish pronunciation:, 1659 – September 12, 1683 at the Battle of Vienna), was a Polish noble, starost of Halicz and Kołomyja, rotmistrz and pułkownik of cavalry. Son of Hetman Andrzej Potocki and brother of Hetman Józef Potocki. He died at the age of around 24.
He is buried in the Collegiate Church of Stanisławów (now Ivano-Frankivsk) but his heart remained in Vienna and was buried in the Franciscan Church.
# Halysidota meridionalis

Halysidota meridionalis is a moth of the family Erebidae, described by Walter Rothschild in 1909 from Mexico.
# Carlo Tivaroni

Carlo Tivaroni (1843 – 1906) was a Dalmatian Italian historian and politician. He was born in Zara (Croatian: Zadar), which at the time still had a significant Italian component and was part of Austrian Empire. He was the brother of Senator Enrico Tivaroni. He has been credited as the first historian of the Risorgimento.

## Sources

* M. Rosi: Dizionario del Risorgimento nazionale, IV, Milano 1937
* M. Perlini: Carlo Tivaroni, garibaldino e primo storico del Risorgimento italiano, in Atti e memorie della Società dalmata di storia patria, V (1966) pp. 383-472
* P. De Marchi: ll Veneto tra Risorgimento e unificazione. Partecipazione volontaria (1848-1866) e rappresentanza parlamentare: deputati e senatori veneti (1866-1900), Venice 2011
* W. Maturi: Intepretazioni del Risorgimento, Turin 1962
* A. Galante Garrone: Carlo Tivaroni: come divenne storico del Risorgimento, in Rivista storica italiana, LXXIX (1967), 2, pp. 313-354
* P. Finelli: Mazzini nella storiografia italiana dell’età liberale, in Bollettino della Domus Mazziniana, XXXIX (1993), 2, pp. 135-151
# Minutemen (disambiguation)

Minutemen were civilian militia units during the American Revolutionary War.
Minutemen, Minute Men, or Minuteman may also refer to:

## Political and military groups

* Minuteman Civil Defense Corps, a group dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the U.S. border, founded in the 2000s
* Minuteman Project, an organization that monitors illegal immigrants on the United States–Mexico borders, founded in 2005
* Minutemen (anti-Communist organization), headed by Robert DePugh, founded in the early 1960s
* Minutemen (Missouri Secessionist Paramilitaries), a pro-secession paramilitary organization active in St. Louis, Missouri, US from Jan-May 1861
* Culpeper Minutemen, a militia formed in Virginia, US in 1775
* VR-55 Minutemen, a US Navy Reserve C-130 squadron

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Art and music

* The Minute Man (1874), a sculpture by Daniel Chester French in Concord, Massachusetts, US
* The Lexington Minuteman (1900), a sculpture by Henry Hudson Kitson, located in Lexington, Massachusetts, US
* Minutemen (band), a 1980s punk rock band

### Comics

* Minutemen (Watchmen), a team of comic book characters found in Alan Moore's Watchmen
* Minutemen (Marvel Comics), agents of the Time Variance Authority
* Minute-Man, a comic book superhero appearing in Fawcett Comics and DC Comics
* The Minutemen (100 Bullets), fictional characters in the 100 Bullets comic series
* Before Watchmen: Minutemen, a comic book series by Darwyn Cooke

### Fiction

* Minutemen (film), a 2008 science-fiction Disney Channel Original Movie
* Minute Men, a paramilitary body in the 1935 Sinclair Lewis novel, It Can't Happen Here
* The Minutemen, a faction in the 2015 video game Fallout 4
* Minutemen, soldiers working for the Time Variance Authority (TVA) in the Disney+ series Loki

## Places

* Minute Man National Historical Park, a park commemorating the American Revolution
* Minuteman Bikeway, a paved path/trail in eastern Massachusetts
* Minuteman Career and Technical High School, a vocational high school in Lexington, Massachusetts, US
* Minuteman Library Network, a library network in Massachusetts
* Minuteman Missile National Historic Site, two deactivated Minuteman missile sites

## Sports

* Boston Minutemen, a soccer team
* Missouri Minutemen, an indoor football team
* UMass Minutemen and Minutewomen, a nickname for University of Massachusetts Amherst athletes

## Other uses

* LGM-30 Minuteman, an American intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) weapons system
* Minuteman Salsa, a former brand of American made salsa
# Nathalie Ménigon

Nathalie Ménigon (born 28 February 1957 in Enghien-les-Bains, Val-d'Oise), was convicted for acts of terrorism committed while she was a member of the French revolutionary group Action directe. She was sentenced to life in prison in 1989 and released in August 2008 after serving more than 20 years in prison.

## Arrest and imprisonment

She was arrested, with her companions Jean-Marc Rouillan, Joëlle Aubron and Georges Cipriani, on 18 February 1987 on a farm in Vitry-aux-Loges. She was convicted in 1989 for the 1986 assassination of Georges Besse, then-president of Renault, and of the 1985 assassination of René Audran, a senior official at the French Ministry of Defence. She was sentenced to life in prison.
She married Jean-Marc Rouillan on 29 June 1999 at the Fleury-Mérogis Prison.

## Release from prison

She was imprisoned in the Bapaume Prison, located in Pas-de-Calais, until August 2007. She was three times denied a suspended sentence for medical reasons, after suffering from hemiplegia, depression, problems balancing, and spasms. In May 2007 she was transferred to a house arrest program. The conditions allowed her to work during the days, but she had to spend her nights in prison. This parole was required in order for her to eventually be conditionally released from prison. Her conditional release was effective 2 August 2008.
While in prison she suffered from hemiplegia, caused by two strokes. She also engaged in self-harm in 2003, in protest of the jail conditions.

## New Anticapitalist Party

In July 2008, she expressed interest in the New Anticapitalist Party, started by Olivier Besancenot and the Revolutionary Communist League.
# Leopold Buczkowski

Leopold Buczkowski (November 15, 1905 – April 27, 1989) was a Polish writer, poet, painter, graphic artist and sculptor.

## Biography

Leopold Buczkowski was born on November 15, 1905, in Nakwasza, located in the former Austrian Empire, though now Nakvasha in Ukraine. He was the son of Tomasz Buczkowski and Anna Zając. From early childhood, he demonstrated some form of artistic talent. This was hindered by the difficult conditions of life in his hometown. From 1914 he lived in Podkamień, where he worked as a stone-cutter and sculptor in the 1930s. Buczkowski studied Polish Literature at Jagiellonian University in Kraków. He was also a free listener at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, where he studied painting under the tutorship of Julian Fałat.
At the outbreak of World War II, Buczkowski enlisted to defend Poland from Nazi forces in the so-called September Campaign. He became a POW, after which he lived in Lviv. In 1944, he survived the Pidkamin massacre, while his two brothers died. These events forced his family to relocate to Warsaw. He took part in the Warsaw uprising.
After the war, Buczkowski settled in Kraków, where he worked as a book illustrator. From 1950 up until his death he lived in Konstancin, near Warsaw. In 1982 he became a member of the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth. His grave is located at the cemetery in Skolimów.
He was awarded the Order of Polonia Restituta by the government in 1956.

## Writing

One of his poems was published in 'Gazeta Polska' in 1929 under a pseudonym. He officially debuted in 1936. Buczkowski ran an amateur theatre, for which he wrote Zabójstwo, a play. His first novel, Wertepy, was seized by the police because of its harsh portrayal of life in poverty-stricken Volhynia (now part of Ukraine). Buczkowski wrote his second novel, Black Torrent in 1946. In 1953, he began to paint more frequently and display his works in Warsaw. Works such as Black Torrent (Czarny potok), Dorycki krużganek, Młody poeta w zamku and Pierwsza świetność all reference the terror of the Nazi occupation of Poland and World War II. Buczkowski's prose is characterised as experimental and original for its disregard of the traditional rules of storytelling and dialogue. The author considered Kąpiele w Lucca, a novel published in 1974, as his greatest work and regarded some of his later works as its supplements.

## Works

* Wertepy (1947)
* Czarny potok (1954, trans. as Black Torrent by David Welsh, 1970)
* Dorycki krużganek (1957)
* Młody poeta w zamku (1959)
* Pierwsza świetność (1978)
* Uroda na czasie (1981)
* Kąpiele w Lucca (1974)
* Oficer na nieszporach (1975)
* Kamień w pieluszkach (1978)
* Wszystko jest dialogiem (1984)
* Na nowo i poniekąd inaczej (1985)
* Proza żywa (1986)
* Żywe dialogi (1989)
* Dziennik wojenny (2001)
* Powstanie na Żoliborzu (2004)
# Rafael Bejarano

Rafael Bejarano (born June 23, 1982) is a Pervuian jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing. He trained at the Peruvian national riding school before embarking on his professional career in 1999. Having met with success, including winning the apprentice riding title at Hipódromo de Monterrico in Lima, he emigrated to the United States in the spring of 2002 and settled in Louisville, Kentucky. He got his first victory on July 10 that year at River Downs in Cincinnati, Ohio then went on to win major races in Kentucky and on the New York Racing Association circuit.
In 2004, Rafael Bejarano got his big break when he was the United States Champion Jockey by wins with 455. As part of his 2004 success, on March 12 at Turfway Park in Florence, Kentucky he won seven races on a single race card and ended the meet with a track-record 196 wins. In 2004, his earnings were just over $12 million out of 1,922 mounts finishing 8th in the national earnings list. In the American Classic Races, he finished eighth aboard Andromeda's Hero in the 2005 Kentucky Derby then rode him to a second-place finish in the Belmont Stakes In 2005 he finished the year with earnings of $14,436,781 with 263 winners and was 4th in the national earnings list. In the 2006 Derby he finished ninth on Point Determined. He first rode in the Preakness Stakes in 2004 and got his best result in 2005 with a fourth-place finish on Sun King.
In the 2007 Blue Grass Stakes Bejarano scored a dramatic upset win with Dominican, defeating the 2006 U.S. Champion 2-year-old colt, Street Sense. Bejarano also won the 2008 Track Meet at Santa Anita. He had a grand total of 67 wins. Also, he won the Hollywood Park meet and Del Mar meet as well.
Bejarano in 2008 swept all five of the major Southern California titles and for that he was a finalist for the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey for 2008 but lost it. For his 2008 season he had 266 winners out of 1,290 mounts with earnings of $16,439,729.
In 2009, he won the Santa Anita and Oak Tree jockey titles then finished the 2009 year with 240 winners out of 1,129 mounts with earnings of $12,403,993.

## Year-end charts

| Chart (2003–present) | Rank by earnings |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2003 | 43 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2004 | 8 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2005 | 4 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2006 | 10 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2007 | 5 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2008 | 4 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2009 | 8 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2010 | 5 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2011 | 5 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2012 | 4 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2013 | 4 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2014 | 9 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2015 | 9 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2016 | 12 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2017 | 24 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2018 | 53 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2019 | 26 |
| National Earnings List for Jockeys 2020 | 36 |
# Batak shrew

The Batak shrew (Crocidura batakorum) is a species of shrew from the Philippines.

## Description

The Batak shrew is of small size, its head and body length of 63.5 millimetres (2.5 in), tail 43 mm (1.7 in), of which the proximal 22 mm (0.87 in) are sparsely covered by longer bristles, hindfoot 12.4 mm (0.49 in) with claw and 11.5 mm (0.45 in) without claw. The shrew's head is short and pointed, with sparse vibrissae up to 14 mm (0.55 in) in length. Its dorsal and ventral pelage is dark brown. Its hairs are 4.8 mm (0.19 in) on the dorsum and 4.3 mm (0.17 in) on the mid-venter in length. Its body hairs are uniformly coloured from base to tip.
# Hat Trick Hero 2

Hat Trick Hero 2 (ハットトリックヒーロー２, Hato Torikku Hiro Tsu) is a video game for the Super Famicom published in Japan by Taito in 1994. A North American release, Super Soccer Champ 2, was planned but not released.

## Summary

The game permits players to play soccer on an international level with all the national teams that took part in the 1994 FIFA World Cup, except the inclusion of Japan instead of South Korea.
Most of the text is in Japanese; including the players' surnames. Eight different players can become the captain of the player's team and the team can use one of five different formations (4-4-2, 4-3-3, 3-5-2, WM and libero). All of the formations are used in modern-day soccer except for the WM formation (which saw common use in England during the 1930s). The star player (captain) chosen kicks a shot (super shot or hyper shot) that pushes the goalkeeper into the stands, just like in Hat Trick Hero. Exhibition, world league (similar to a World Cup tournament) and Taito Cup (24 teams to beat) are the three possible variations in the game. After beating all the 23 national teams in the Taito cup mode, there is a final game against a team with the abbreviation "NLC". Mode 7 graphics give the game a sense of perspective.
Hat Trick Hero 2 is the sequel to Football Champ in Japan (where it was known as Hat Trick Hero), and is loosely based on the coin-operated video game Hat Trick Hero '93.
It was released in Japan on July 29, 1994.
# Bischwiller

Bischwiller (French pronunciation: ; German: Bischweiler; Alsatian: Bíschwiller) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in northeastern France, just west of the river Moder.

## Geography

The city is 7.8 kilometers (4.8 mi) southeast of Haguenau, 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) west-northwest of the German border and the Rhine (Rhin), and lies 22 kilometers (14 mi) north-northeast of Strasbourg.
The Moder, a Rhine tributary, flows across the town. Among the other streams which cross the area can be cited the following tributaries of the Moder: the Rothbaechel, the Erlengraben and the Waschgraben. The last one is formed by the confluence of two smaller streams named Weihergraben and Schnuchgraben.

## Population

Due to its large Turkish minority, Bischwiller has been pejoratively dubbed "Turcwiller" or "Bischtanbul".
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 3,250 | — |
| 1800 | 3,449 | +0.85% |
| 1806 | 3,902 | +2.08% |
| 1821 | 4,806 | +1.40% |
| 1831 | 5,927 | +2.12% |
| 1836 | 5,854 | −0.25% |
| 1841 | 5,721 | −0.46% |
| 1846 | 6,260 | +1.82% |
| 1851 | 6,642 | +1.19% |
| 1856 | 7,676 | +2.94% |
| 1861 | 8,780 | +2.72% |
| 1866 | 9,911 | +2.45% |
| 1871 | 9,220 | −1.44% |
| 1875 | 7,102 | −6.32% |
| 1880 | 6,827 | −0.79% |
| 1885 | 6,815 | −0.04% |
| 1890 | 7,014 | +0.58% |
| 1895 | 7,304 | +0.81% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1900 | 7,897 | +1.57% |
| 1905 | 8,279 | +0.95% |
| 1910 | 8,149 | −0.32% |
| 1921 | 7,210 | −1.11% |
| 1926 | 8,142 | +2.46% |
| 1931 | 8,059 | −0.20% |
| 1936 | 8,248 | +0.46% |
| 1946 | 7,581 | −0.84% |
| 1954 | 7,843 | +0.43% |
| 1962 | 8,198 | +0.55% |
| 1968 | 8,780 | +1.15% |
| 1975 | 9,653 | +1.36% |
| 1982 | 10,612 | +1.36% |
| 1990 | 10,969 | +0.41% |
| 1999 | 11,596 | +0.62% |
| 2007 | 12,659 | +1.10% |
| 2012 | 12,643 | −0.03% |
| 2017 | 12,538 | −0.17% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Culture

* Maison des Arts (Bischwiller)
* Musée de la Laub

## Personalities

* Henri Baumer, master carpenter
* Claude Vigée, poet
* Jacob Kirkman and Abraham Kirkman, harpsichord makers
* Jean Daum, glassware manufacturer
* Lucien Muller, footballer
* Otto Meißner, German politician
* Christian Goodnight (born Christian Gutknecht) is a direct-line ancestor of former U.S. President Barack Obama.

## Photo gallery

* Ancient timber-framed pharmacy
* Saint-Augustin church
* Bischwiller town hall
* Protestant temple: tombstone of John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (died in 1604) tombstone
# Grimaldi Ministry

The Grimaldi Ministry was a Spanish government headed by Jerónimo Grimaldi which lasted between 9 October 1763 and 19 February 1777. Following Spain's disastrous performance in the Seven Years' War, Grimaldi was tasked with pushing through reforms of the navy, army, public finances and colonial administration system which he did with some success. His government was packed with reforms known as Grillos, many of whom wanted to remodel the Spanish state to closer resemble that of Britain.
In 1777 he was dismissed by Charles III and made Spanish Ambassador to Rome. He was replaced by the Floridablanca Ministry which served from 1777 to 1792.

## Cabinet

9 October 1763 – 19 February 1777 :
| Portfolio | Holder | Term |
| First Secretary of State (PM) | Jerónimo Grimaldi | 9 October 1763 – 19 February 1777 |
| Secretary of State for the Treasury | Miguel de Múzquiz y Goyeneche | 1 April 1766 – 19 February 1777 |
| Secretary of State for the Treasury | Marquess of Esquilache | 9 October 1763 – 1 April 1766 |
| Secretary of State for War | | 9 October 1763 – 1 April 1766 |
| Secretary of State for War | Juan Gregorio Muniain | 1 April 1766 – 14 January 1772 |
| Secretary of State for War | Ambrosio de Funes Villalpando | 14 January 1772 – 19 February 1777 |
| Secretary of State for Grace and Justice | Alonso Muñiz y Caso Osorio | 9 October 1763 – 16 January 1765 |
| Secretary of State for Grace and Justice | Manuel de Roda y Arrieta | 16 January 1765 – 19 February 1777 |
| Secretary of the State for Navy | Pedro González de Castejón | 28 January 1776 – 19 February 1777 |
| Secretary of the State for Navy | Julián de Arriaga y Ribera | 9 October 1763 – 28 January 1776 |
| Secretary of State for Indies | | 9 October 1763 – 28 January 1776 |
| Secretary of State for Indies | Marquess of Sonora | 28 January 1776 – 19 February 1777 |
# William Rayner

William Rayner (1 January 1929 – 2006) was a UK writer of novels for adults and children. After working as a teacher and lecturer, Rayner published a number of books, often historical fiction, including the unfinished "Devil's Picture-Book" trilogy. His two YA novels, Stag Boy and Big Mister incorporated fantasy elements.

## Biography

Rayner was born on the first day of 1929, in Barnsley, Yorkshire, to Thomas (a civil servant) and Lily (née Fisher) Rayner. He was educated at Holgate Grammar School in Barnsley, and Wadham College, Oxford, earning a B.A. (honours) in English in 1952, after which he made a living as a teacher and lecturer.
He married Pamela Ross in 1953. From 1955 to 1960, Rayner, his wife, and their first son lived in what was then known as Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). One result of his time there is his non-fiction book, The Tribe and its Successors: An Account of African Traditional Life and European Settlement in Southern Rhodesia, which was published in 1962 by Faber & Faber in the UK and Frederick A. Praeger in the USA.
Rayner's first novel, The Reapers, came out in 1961. More followed throughout the 1960s and 1970s, including two Young adult fiction novels, Stag Boy (1972) and Big Mister (1974), after which Rayner returned to mostly historical fiction for adults, often set in the American West.
His last two novels, Wheels of Fortune (1979) and Knave of Swords (1980), were intended to be followed by a third, to complete "The Devil's Picture-Book" trilogy, set at the end of the 18th century, addressing themes arising from the Industrial Revolution.
Rayner died in Somerset, England in 2006. His wife (with whom he had three sons) died in 2013.