OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gouri Kumar Brahma

Gouri Kumar Brahma (20 February 1920 – 29 September 2011) was an academic, literary critic, orator and writer. His works are mainly in Odia and Sanskrit. He was popular for his talks on Jagannath culture and literature of Upendra Bhanja in Odia, English Sanskrit and Hindi. He died at Bhubaneswar.

## Early life and family

Gourikumar's father was Chandrasekhar Brahma and Mother was Savitri Devi. His birthplace was at Prataplaxmanpur village of Bhanjanagar. He got his early education in Ganjam district. He got his post graduate degree from Utkal University.While he was a student he studied classical literatures in Odia as well as Sanskrit such as Amarakosha, Kumara Sambhavam, Raghuvaṃśa, Meghadutam, Shishupala Vadha, Kirātārjunīya, Shiddhanta Darpana, Geeta Govinda, Bhagabata, Saptachandi. He was married to Satyabhama, daughter of Poet Godabarish Mohapatra.

## Career

He served as a teacher for some time at kazipur and Digapahandi. He worked as a lecturer in Odia. He also served as Odisha Sahitya Akademi, Odisha Sangita nataka Akademi and Odisha Lalitakala Akademi. He served as deputy Director of Department of Culture and Tourism, Government Of Odisha. he also served as chief tourism adviser to Government of Odisha. He retired as a Reader of Odia at Ravenshaw College. Throughout his career he wrote a number of critiques, interpretations on Odia literature such as on works of Upendra Bhanja, Abhimanyu Samanta Sinhara and others. He has been described as a "incomparable orator". He has been given epithets such as Purusha Saraswati, Sahitya Martanda, Kabi Kokila, Utkala Vachaspati.

## Awards

* Utkal Ratna, 2007
* Atibadi Jagannath Das Samman, 1998
* Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award
* Sarala Sammana
# Nuttallburg, West Virginia

Nuttallburg (also known as Brown) was an unincorporated community located in Fayette County, West Virginia, named by English pioneer John Nuttall who discovered coal in the area. Nuttallburg had a post office until 1955. It is no longer inhabited and is just outside Winona.
Nuttalburg is located on the New River and was developed to house workers mining coal sold to the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. Henry Ford built a huge conveyor belt system to transport coal from the mine to the river and railroad below, but sold his interest in the mine in 1928. Production ceased in 1958.
The town is included within the Nuttallburg Coal Mining Complex and Town Historic District, part of New River Gorge National Park and Preserve.
# Guy Montserret

Guy Montserrat (24 June 1935 – 26 November 2014) was a French freestyle swimmer. He competed in two events at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# 215th Infantry Division (German Empire)

The 215th Infantry Division (German: 215. Infanterie-Division) was a unit in the German Imperial Army during World War I. Created in September 1916, it primarily saw service on the Eastern Front and in Ukraine.

## Order of battle (May 1918)

* 61. Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade
** Reserve-Ersatz-Regiment Nr. 2
** Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 71
** Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 224
** 3. Eskadron/Reserve-Husaren-Regiment Nr. 8
* Artillerie-Kommandeur Nr. 215
** Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 274
* Division-Nachrichtung-Kommandeur Nr. 215

## Chronology

1916
* 15 September – 17 September – In reserve behind Armee-Abteilung A in France
* 18 September – 2 November – Frontline service in Champagne
* 2–8 November – Transported to the Eastern Front
* 8 November – 31 December – Frontline service on Upper Styr and Stochod rivers
1917
* 1 January – 1 December – Frontline service on Upper Styr and Stochod rivers
* 2 December – 17 December – Ceasefire on Eastern Front
* 18 December – 31 December – Armistice on Eastern Front
1918
* 1 January – 18 February – Armistice on Eastern Front
* 18 February – 21 June – Service in Ukraine
* 22 June – 5 November – Occupation of Ukraine
* 16 November – 31 December – Withdrawal from Ukraine
1919
* 1 January – 16 March – Withdrawal from Ukraine

## Commanders

* 7 September to 9 September 1916 Generalmajor Otto Ulrich (1855–1937)
* 10 September 1916 Generalmajor (as of 27 January 1918 Generalleutnant) Max Carl Erdmann Gronau (1855–1945)

## Sources

* 215. Infanterie-Division (Chronik 1916/1918)
# Dumb Woman's Lane

Dumb Woman's Lane (sometimes Dumbwomans Lane) is a street located in the civil parish of Udimore, near Winchelsea in East Sussex, England. The street has achieved a level of notoriety because of its unusual name. While the etymology remains unconfirmed, sources attribute it to a mute woman (the word dumb meaning "mute" rather than "stupid") residing on or near the lane, likely in the 18th century. The street is also known as the residence of the comedian Spike Milligan from 1988 until his death in 2002.

## Description

Dumb Woman's Lane provides access between the B2089 Udimore Road, which runs from Rye to Winchelsea, via a junction with both Winchelsea Lane and Float Lane. A single-lane highway, the road is narrow and has a hair-pin bend. There are fewer than ten residences located along it.

## History

The street's history and etymology are not confirmed. Sources for the street describe two theories. The first is that the source of the name is a mute woman who sold traditional medicines and once lived on the lane. The second is that the lane is named after a woman who witnessed the activities of smuggling gangs in the area and had her tongue removed to prevent her from informing authorities.
The author Alex Preston wrote about 18th century smuggling in the area in his 2022 historical fiction novel Winchelsea. In the novel's afterword, he covers the true history of the region's smuggling. According to Preston, the lane was named after a local publican's wife who had her tongue removed for reporting the activities of the Hawkhurst smuggling gang in the 1740s.
The Irish comedian Spike Milligan lived in a house on the lane from 1988 until his death in 2002. Milligan was acquainted with the singer Paul McCartney who, knowing he lived there, wrote a poem about Dumb Woman's Lane which he recited on a visit. Following his death, Milligan was buried in the nearby St Thomas' Church.
Dumb Woman's Lane has achieved a level of notoriety because of its controversial name, which has been reported as affecting house prices. The lane is often visited for people to have their photograph taken with the signposts, which are also occasionally stolen.
# Spit Out the Bone

"Spit Out the Bone" is a song by American heavy metal band Metallica. It was released as the fifth single from their tenth studio album, Hardwired... to Self-Destruct (2016), on November 14, 2017, through Blackened Recordings. The song made its live debut at The O2 Arena in London on October 24, 2017. "Spit Out the Bone" has been regarded as a fan and critic favorite from the album. The song is featured on the soundtrack for the WWE 2K19 video game.

## Background and composition

Regarding the song's meaning, Metallica vocalist and rhythm guitarist James Hetfield said:
   "We could be a much more efficient race if we just allow computers to help us. And yeah, they are helping us, but how far does that go? All of that craziness. So 'Spit Out the Bone' is that your bones aren't needed. They break."
Hetfield states the phrase "Spit Out the Bone" was taken from British punk rock band Charged GBH's song "Passenger on the Menu" from their 1982 album City Baby Attacked by Rats.
On the writing of the song, drummer Lars Ulrich said:
   " '[Spit Out the Bone]' was just an adventure, man. I have versions of that song that are two to three minutes longer. We just kept going and going and going. That was also the first song where we went, 'Wait a minute, is there too much of a good thing here?' And then we started peeling it back. It was one of those where you just keep going to different universes and different modes and areas because it was super fun."
Robert Trujillo, Metallica's bassist, singled "Spit Out the Bone" as the song from Hardwired... to Self-Destruct that he looked most forward to performing. Metallica's lead guitarist, Kirk Hammett, called "Spit Out the Bone" the "Mount Everest" of the new album, alluding to its complexity and speed. In 2024, Slayer guitarist Kerry King praised "Spit Out The Bone" as a "killer fucking song."

## Music video

The music video of "Spit Out the Bone" was released on November 17, 2016, and was directed by Phil Mucci. In keeping with the song's transhumanistic themes, the video shows a group of renegade humans revolting against machine rule. The music video was filmed in the Italian city of Matera.

## Personnel

* James Hetfield – vocals, rhythm guitar
* Kirk Hammett – lead guitar
* Robert Trujillo – bass
* Lars Ulrich – drums

## Charts

Chart performance for "Spit Out the Bone" :
| Chart (2016–17) | Peak position |
| UK Rock & Metal (OCC) | 27 |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 32 |
| US Mainstream Rock (Billboard) | 4 |
# Lazzaro Morelli

Lazzaro Morelli (1619 – 1690) was an Italian sculptor of the Baroque period.
Born in Ascoli Piceno, the son of the Florentine sculptor Fulgenzio Morelli, who also trained Lazzaro's cousin, the artist Giuseppe Giosafatti. Lazzaro initially came to Rome to work under Francesco Fiammingho (François Duquesnoy), but left that studio to work under Bernini.
He participated in Bernini's Funereal Monument for Pope Alexander VII Chigi, found in St. Peter's Basilica. He also was responsible for the Angel with the scourge, based on a sketch by Bernini; this is one of the angels on the Ponte Sant'Angelo in Rome. He is said to have sculpted the horse and the lion for Bernini's Fountain of the Four Rivers in Piazza Navona. Lazzaro also sculpted the statue of Benignity for the tomb monument of Clement X in St. Peter's. The tomb was designed by Mattia de' Rossi (1684) and the other sculptors who worked on this project were Ercole Ferrata (who sculpted the pope) and Giuseppe Mazzuoli (who sculpted the statue of Clemency). He also completed some of the saints in the roof-line of the external colonnades of Piazza San Pietro.
# Birkha Bawari

The Birkha Bawari is a stepwell located in Jodhpur, India. The structure is to designed to conserve water for use by the city of Jodhpur, and is built in the style traditional Indian stepwells. It was designed by Indian architect Anu Mridul and was paid for by the Essgee Group, a real estate firm based in Jodhpur.

## Design history

Stepwells were constructed to capture and hold rainwater for agricultural and domestic use. The water reserves stored by stepwells aided in conserving water during long periods of drought. Throughout its history, the city of Jodhpur was supplied with water from over 50 stepwells. However, the introduction of low cost pumps and pipes rendered stepwells obsolete, and none were built after the 19th century.
The Brikha Bawari was designed in the style of older stepwells. The stepwell was designed at the behest of the Essgee Group, a Jodhpur-based real estate firm, which envisioned a modern stepwell as a source of water for a new housing development it was constructing. The firm contracted Anu Mridul to design the modern stepwell. Construction on the building was finished in 2009, after which the stepwell began to be used as a water reservoir. Mridul was awarded the All India Stone Architecture Award in 2009 for his design.
The stepwell is built of red sandstone, and is capable of holding 17.5 million liters of rainwater. The stepwell currently provides water for the Umaid Heritage Housing Township, a housing development built by the Essgee Group.
# Bharti Dayal

Bharti Dayal (born December, 1961 in Samastipur) is an Indian artist who specializes in Madhubani art.

## Biography

Dayal was born in the Samastipur district of North Bihar, the Mithila region famous for Madhubani painting. She has completed her Bachelors in Science (B.Sc) and completed her postgraduation with a Masters in Science (M.Sc).
Since 1991, she has lived in Delhi.

## Work

From a young age, Dayal was taught Madhubani painting by her mother and grandmother. She pursued the art form professionally from 1984. She has worked to bring innovation in the traditional art practiced in Mithila, and train other women artists from the region at her studio in New Delhi.
Her style is known for bringing a contemporary cast to traditional Madhubani art using modern media such as acrylic and canvas. She paints with natural, vegetable-based colors. Her renditions of Krishna and Radha are said to depict undercurrents of "love, longing, and peace".

## Exhibitions

Dayal has held numerous exhibitions of her work nationally and internationally. Her Madhubani art was the subject of a documentary shown on French television in 1995. An exhibition of her works in acrylic on canvas painted between June 2015 and June 2016 was organized by the Museum of Sacred Art (MOSA).
Dayal's seven Madhubani paintings, which are a combination of traditional art with contemporary modern subjects, are included in the book The New Bihar. Her illustration for the book's cover includes a girl riding a bicycle, symbolizing the "empowerment of women and the quest for education", and a fish, which denotes the theme of "rainbow agriculture", or the blending of agricultural pursuits to enhance rural income. Book authors N.K. Singh and Nicholas Stern have observed: "Bharti's use of the traditional style on contemporary themes can contribute to the revival of Madhubani art".

## Awards

* AIFACS
* Millennium award
* National Merit awards
* 2006: India's National Award for excellence in handicrafts

## Publications

* Madhubani Art. Niyogi Books. 2016. ISBN 978-9385285080.

### Cover art

* Brueck, Laura R. (2014). Writing Resistance: The Rhetorical Imagination of Hindi Dalit Literature. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-16604-1.
* Singh, N. K.; Stern, Nicholas (2013). The New Bihar. HarperCollins Publishers India. ISBN 978-93-5029-642-4.
* Cover Art for 'Language Politics and Public sphere in North India. Making of the Maithili Movement by Mithilesh kumar jha. Publisher: Oxford University Press; ISBN 0-19-947934-8
# 1897 Add-Ran Christian football team

The 1897 Add-Ran Christian football team represented Add-Ran Christian University, now known as Texas Christian University (TCU), as an independent during the 1897 college football season.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 23 | | at East Dallas | | W 6–0 |
| November 3 | | Texas | Waco, TX (rivalry) | L 10–16 |
| November 13 | 4:00 p.m. | at Texas A&M | College Station, TX (rivalry) | W 30–6 |
| November 25 | | Fort Worth | Waco, TX | W 32–0 |
# Finland at the 1992 Winter Paralympics

Finland competed at the 1992 Winter Paralympics in Tignes/Albertville, France. 17 competitors from Finland won 14 medals including 7 gold, 3 silver and 4 bronze and finished 5th in the medal table.
# Guy de Huertas

Guy Edouard de Huertas (10 January 1926 – 2 March 1997) was a French alpine skier who competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics and in the 1952 Winter Olympics.
# Cluster genealogy

Cluster genealogy is a research technique employed by genealogists to learn more about an ancestor by examining records left by their cluster. A cluster consists of extended family, friends, neighbors, and other associates such as business partners. Investigating the lives of people connected to an ancestor offers a deeper and more precise insight into the ancestor’s own life at the time and place.

## Background

Genealogical research begins with a question of identity, relationship, event, or situation. To answer the question, a genealogist gathers and analyzes data from source documents and formulates an answer to the question based on the resulting evidence.
The basic method of research is to gather data from records left by the target ancestor and his or her immediate family. There are several situations, however, where a genealogist wants or needs to use alternate research methods. One such method is cluster genealogy, in which the records left by members of the ancestor's cluster are examined for evidence with which to resolve the question at hand.

## Purpose

Cluster genealogy is most often used for the following reasons.
* To break through a "brick wall". In genealogy, a brick wall is a question for which a genealogist has not been able to formulate a satisfactory answer based on the evidence thus far collected. Using cluster genealogy, additional evidence is sought in data gathered from the records left by persons in the ancestor's cluster. For example, if the question is one of place of birth, researching the origins of the ancestor’s neighbors can be helpful. Unrelated family groups often migrated together or followed earlier migrations of neighbors or family members.
* To build a genealogical proof. When constructing a genealogical proof, it is not sufficient to simply accumulate an assortment of evidence that supports a conclusion. To meet the Genealogical Proof Standard, a genealogist must "conduct reasonably exhaustive research involving all information that is or may be pertinent to the identity, relationship, event, or situation in question." (Emphasis added.) It follows that a reasonably exhaustive research will often include a search of records created by persons in the target ancestor's cluster.
* To develop context for an ancestor's life. The facts of an ancestor's life are often meaningful only in the context of his cluster. For example, the fact that an ancestor was a Catholic is interesting; the fact that the ancestor and his family were the only Catholics in their community is intriguing.
# Maxim (India)

Maxim was the Indian edition of the United Kingdom-based international monthly men's magazine called Maxim. It was known for its revealing pictorials featuring popular actresses, singers, and female models, none of which are nudes. The first issue of the Indian edition of Maxim was the January 2006 issue featuring Priyanka Chopra on the cover. The first issue was released on 28 December 2005. The magazine was the first international men's magazine to enter the Indian market and the 30th international version of Maxim. The magazine is no longer published in India.
Largely covering everything related to men's lifestyle, Maxim was the industry leader for men's magazines in India until 2018. Maxim stopped circulating its Indian edition publishing its last issue on 1 December 2018.

## Maxim Hot 100

Each year since 2008, the Indian edition of Maxim releases the Maxim Hot 100. The winners and their corresponding ages and the year in which the magazine was released are listed below.
| Year | Choice | Age | Notes |
| 2008 | Deepika Padukone | 22 | Youngest winner. |
| 2009 | Bipasha Basu | 30 | |
| 2010 | Sonam Kapoor | 25 | |
| 2011 | Priyanka Chopra | 29 | |
| 2012 | Kareena Kapoor | 31 | |
| 2013 | Priyanka Chopra | 31 | First woman to win twice. |
| 2014 | Katrina Kaif | 31 | |
| 2015 | Katrina Kaif | 32 | First woman to win consecutively. |
| 2016 | Priyanka Chopra | 33 | First woman to win for 3rd time. |
| 2017 | Deepika Padukone | 31 | Third woman to win twice. |
| 2018 | Priyanka Chopra | 35 | Oldest winner. |

## Controversy

The magazine's inaugural issue in January 2006 featured a page called "Women you will never see in Maxim – 100% fake". Among the photos was a full-page morphed photograph showing Khushbu "posing" in black underwear, along with the caption "Of course, I am a virgin if you don't count from the behind." The caption was in reference to remarks made by Khushbu in 2005 whether or not modern men should expect their brides to be virgins. The actress described the photo, which showed only her head, as "immodest". Kushboo filed a petition with Chennai police commissioner R. Nataraj on 30 January 2006, citing two complaints: defamation and the indecent representation of women. The Supreme Court dismissed the case on 22 May 2006.

## Editors-in-Chief

The following have served as Editor-in-Chief of Maxim:
| S. No. | Name | From | To |
| 1 | Sunil Mehra | January 2006 | June 2006 |
| 2 | Anup Kutty | July 2006 | August 2009 |
| 3 | Vivek Pareek | 2009 | 2018 |
# 2005 Livingston by-election

The 2005 Livingston by-election was triggered when Robin Cook, the Labour Party Member of Parliament for Livingston, in Scotland, died on 6 August 2005.
Notice of the vacancy in the constituency was published in the London Gazette on 2 September 2005, which allowed the Speaker of the House of Commons to issue the writ for the election on 8 September under the Recess Elections Act 1975. The poll was held on 29 September, in the week of the Labour Party Conference, when the Labour candidate Jim Devine held the seat for his party.
A by-election for the Glasgow Cathcart seat in the Scottish Parliament was also held on the same day.

## Result

Livingston by-election, 2005 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Jim Devine | 12,319 | 41.8 | 9.3 |
| | SNP | Angela Constance | 9,639 | 32.7 | 11.1 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Charles Dundas | 4,362 | 14.8 | 0.6 |
| | Conservative | Gordon Lindhurst | 1,993 | 6.8 | 3.4 |
| | Scottish Green | David Robertson | 529 | 1.8 | New |
| | Scottish Socialist | Steven Nimmo | 407 | 1.4 | 0.4 |
| | UKIP | Peter Adams | 108 | 0.4 | New |
| | Independent | Melville Brown | 55 | 0.2 | New |
| | Alliance for Change (UK) | John William Allman | 33 | 0.1 | New |
| | Socialist (GB) | Brian Gardner | 32 | 0.1 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,680 | 9.1 | 20.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 29,477 | 38.6 | 19.5 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | 10.2 | |

## Previous election

General Election 2005: Livingston :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Robin Cook | 22,657 | 51.1 | 1.9 |
| | SNP | Angela Constance | 9,560 | 21.6 | 2.0 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Charles Dundas | 6,832 | 15.4 | 5.5 |
| | Conservative | Alison Ross | 4,499 | 10.1 | 2.5 |
| | Scottish Socialist | Steven Nimmo | 789 | 1.8 | 1.2 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 13,097 | 29.5 | 0.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 44,337 | 58.1 | 2.0 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | 1.2 | |

## Reaction to result

Labour's retention of the seat, albeit with a reduced majority, was regarded by the party with satisfaction. The Scottish National Party was the only party to increase their vote from the general election, and although they did not win, they achieved a swing of 10% from Labour. The Liberal Democrats' share of the vote fell by 0.6%.
There was a swing from Labour to Conservatives of 3%, but given the fourth-place position of the Conservative Party in this seat, and their third-place position in Scotland, the significance of this is debatable.
In 2007 Angela Constance gained the Livingston seat in the Scottish Parliament (which has slightly different boundaries) from Labour.
# London, Quo Warranto Judgment Reversed Act 1689

The London, Quo Warranto Judgment Reversed Act 1689 is an Act of the Parliament of England (2 Will. & Mar. c. 8), the long title of which is "An Act for Reversing the Judgment in a Quo Warranto against the City of London and for Restoreing the City of London to its antient Rights and Privileges".
Enacted shortly after the Glorious Revolution, it restored various valuable privileges of the officers, companies, and corporations of the City of London that had been seized under a writ of quo warranto by Charles II and James II to augment the royal revenue. Noorthouck writes, "[T]his being the last confirmation of the rights and privileges of the citizens [of London], [it] ought justly to be known by all."