OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Code Complete

Code Complete is a software development book, written by Steve McConnell and published in 1993 by Microsoft Press, encouraging developers to continue past code-and-fix programming and the big design up front and waterfall models. It is also a compendium of software construction techniques, which include techniques from naming variables to deciding when to write a subroutine.

## Summary

McConnell defines the main activities in software construction as detailed design, construction planning, coding and debugging, unit testing, integration and integration testing. Although he does not dismiss the value of other aspects of software development such as requirements and documentation, McConnell emphasises the construction of software due to several reasons. Within the view of the book, construction is a large part of software development, as the central activity within software development and can significantly improve the productivity of a programmer when focus is directed towards it; in addition, the source code is seen as defining the operation of the software, with documentation implicated when code and documentation are opposed. Lastly, the book contends that construction is the exclusive activity which is guaranteed to remain completed.
The techniques of a good programmer are also given throughout the book. The whole part seven of the book is about software craftsmanship (layout, style, character, themes and self-documentation).
The other six parts of the book are: laying the foundation, creating high-quality code, variables, statements, code improvements and system considerations.

## Review

Code Complete has received outstanding reviews, being widely regarded as one of the leading must-reads for software developers. It won a Jolt Award in 1993.
There are also negative reviews about the length and style of the book, which runs to over 900 pages and goes into detail on many topics.
The first edition has been superseded by Code Complete 2. The first editions can be found used and are still relevant for programmers using C, Pascal and GW-BASIC

## Editions

* ISBN 978-1-55615-484-3 First edition (1993)
* ISBN 978-0-7356-1967-8 Second edition (June 2004)
# Christopher Gelpi

Christopher Gelpi (born 1966) is an American political scientist at Ohio State University. He is currently the Director of the Mershon Center for Conflict Resolution, the Endowed Chair in Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution, and a published author who writes on the sources of international military conflict and American public opinion on foreign policy issues.

## Education

Gelpi holds a PhD in political science from the University of Michigan.

## Publications
### Articles

* Competency Costs in Foreign Affairs: Presidential Performance in International Conflicts and Domestic Legislative Success, 1953–2001, American Journal of Political Science, December 16, 2014 (co-authored with Joseph M. Grieco)
* Let's Get a Second Opinion: International Institutions and American Public Support for War, International Studies Quarterly, November 6, 2011 (co-authored with Joseph M. Grieco, Jason Reifler, and Peter D. Feaver)
# Duault

Duault (French pronunciation:; Breton: Duaod) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

## Population

The inhabitants of Duault are known in French as duaultois.
# InVisage Technologies

InVisage Technologies is a fabless semiconductor company known for producing a technology called QuantumFilm, an image sensor technology that improves the quality of digital photographs taken with a cell phone camera. The company is based in Menlo Park, CA.

## History

InVisage Technologies was founded by the company's current CTO Ted Sargent, a professor from the University of Toronto. While developing transmitters and receivers in his lab at U of T, he discovered an especially sensitive receiver, which formed the basis of InVisage's QuantumFilm technology. Sargent then secured the rights to the technology and founded InVisage in October 2006. The company applied this technology toward mobile phone cameras. In 2007, Jess Lee, a former vice president from OmniVision Technologies, joined InVisage as the company's CEO. Syrus Madavi serves as the company's chairman of the board of directors, having joined InVisage in 2012.
In February 2013, it was announced that the company had received $20 million in a Series D funding round led by GGV Capital that included Nokia Growth Partners as a new investor, with the company expecting to begin shipping devices with their sensors in the second quarter of 2014.
On November 9, 2017, Apple, Inc. acquired InVisage Technologies.

## QuantumFilm Technology

QuantumFilm Technology involves the creation of a film to coat the image sensors used in a cellphone camera, allowing it to capture more light, improving the quality of the images taken. A typical camera phone pixel sensor is made up of several layers, with a layer of colored plastic or glass acting as a color filter sitting on top of several layers of metal connecting silicon electronic transistors together, which is itself on top of a base layer of silicon used by the sensor's electronic transistors and photodetectors. The light coming to the sensor has to pass through the layers of metal before reaching the silicon, a weak light absorber, so the sensor detects only about 25 percent of the light that makes up the image. QuantumFilm places a layer of semiconducting crystals - called quantum dots - on top of the chip, which allows the chip to absorb more light, place more pixels in a smaller space, and create sharper images.
Using quantum dots is more efficient at capturing light than traditional silicon-based image sensor chips (capturing 90-95% of the light that hits it), giving the sensors higher sensitivity in low light as well as higher resolution. And while traditional image sensors read an image from top to bottom (which can create a blurred image when the subject is moving), quantum dots detect the entire image at the same moment, reducing the chance for distortion.
Invisage holds patents related to the development of QuantumFilm technology, as well as its applications toward optoelectronic devices.

## Awards

In 2010, InVisage's QuantumFilm technology was awarded The Wall Street Journal Technology Innovation Award. In 2011, the company received a gold award from the International Imaging Industry Association's (I3A) VISION 2020 Imaging Innovation for its QuantumFilm technology.
# Massimiliano Gatto

Massimiliano Gatto (born 28 October 1995) is an Italian former footballer who played as a striker.

## Club career

Gatto is a youth exponent from Chievo. On 1 August 2014, he joined Serie B side Carpi on a season-long loan. He made his debut on 27 September 2014 against Virtus Entella in a Serie B game. He came in as an 80th-minute substitute for Filippo Porcari in a 2–0 away defeat.
In 2017–18 season, both Massimiliano Gatto and Emanuele Gatto were remained in Chievo. However, they both left the club in January 2018. Massimiliano was signed by Pro Vercelli; he was assigned number 19 shirt of the first team.
On 17 August 2019, he signed a 3-year contract with Como.
# Birot Khurd Union Council

Birot Khurd is a union council of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, the population is 12,126.

## Subdivisions

* Birot Khurd
* Kahoo Gharbi
# Cdc42 effector protein 5

CDC42 effector protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC42EP5 gene.

## Function

Cell division control protein 42 (CDC42), a small Rho GTPase, regulates the formation of F-actin-containing structures through its interaction with the downstream effector proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Borg (binder of Rho GTPases) family of CDC42 effector proteins. Borg family proteins contain a CRIB (Cdc42/Rac interactive-binding) domain. They bind to CDC42 and regulate its function negatively. The encoded protein may inhibit c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) independently of CDC42 binding. The protein may also play a role in septin organization and inducing pseudopodia formation in fibroblasts [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013].
# Peter Ward (rugby union)

Peter M. Ward (5 November 1876 – 9 February 1943) was a New Zealand-born rugby union player who represented Australia.
A fly-half, he was born in Invercargill.
Ward was described as "astute and a skillful inside back".
A member of the Britannia club Ward initially played for the Southland province between 1897 and 1898. He then moved to Sydney, Australia in 1899 and joined the Marrackville club. He was selected for New South Wales to play in their two matches against the touring Great Britain side. After this he claimed a total of four international rugby caps for the Australia. His Test debut was against Great Britain, at Sydney, on 24 June 1899, the inaugural rugby Test match played by an Australian national representative side.
Due to funding constraints he was one of only six New South Wales players (Charlie Ellis, Hyram Marks, Lonnie Spragg, Bob McCowan, and Robert Challoner were the others) selected to make the trip to Brisbane four weeks later for the second Test. His performance in that match was noted as "excellent" by the press.
Ward had moved back to New Zealand by 1903, linking back with Britannia and Southland for one final year. He moved up to Auckland and joined the Grafton club for the 1904 season. He further played for the provinces of Hawke's Bay in 1905, Taranaki in 1906 and Wanganui in 1908 playing for the Napier City, Waimate and Awarua clubs respectively.
# Li Zhensheng (geneticist)

Li Zhensheng (Chinese: 李振声; pinyin: Lǐ Zhènshēng; born February 25, 1931) is a Chinese geneticist who specializes in the genetics of wheat. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and was awarded the Highest Science and Technology Award in 2006. Li was bestowed the Medal of the Republic, the highest honorary medal of the People's Republic of China, in September 2024.

## Biography

Mr. Li was born in Zibo, Shandong. In 1951, he graduated from Shandong Agricultural University and worked in Yangling (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, now Northwest A&F University) for over 30 years.
In an interview, he said that three scientists influenced him very much, they are Hua Luogeng (for telling him how to learn), Qian Sanqiang (how to do research) and Ai Siqi (Historical Materialism and Dialectical Materialism).

## Work

In Li's scientific career, he has made three notable contributions to wheat genetics and wide-hybridization between common wheat and Thinopyrum ponticum. The wheat cultivars have greatly enhanced productivity of wheat. Among them, Xiaoyan 6 has been widely grown in China. This has enabled him to propose a creative methodology for producing wheat substitution lines through nullisomic backcrossing. This kind of breeding needs less natural resources, and it protects the environment which is good for the sustainable development in Chinese agriculture.

## Awards and honors

* In 1983, First-class Prize of Sci-tech Advance Award by the People's Government of Shanxi province of China
* In 1985, First-class Prize of National Invention by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
* In 1988, Tan Kah Kee Prize in Agricultural Science by Tan Kah Kee Foundation
* In 1990, Fellow, the Third World Academy of Sciences
* In 1978, National Scientific Conference Prize
* In 1979, National model worker
* In 1993, Academician, Chinese Academy of Sciences
* In 1995, Ho Leung Ho Lee Sci-tech Prize in Agricultural Science, awarded by Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation in Hong Kong
* In 2005, China Agriculture Elite Award by the Ministry of Agriculture of China
* In 2006, Li won the Highest Science and Technology Award of China.
* In 2010, asteroid 90825 Lizhensheng, discovered by the Beijing Schmidt CCD Asteroid Program in 1995, was named in his honor. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on September 23, 2010 (M.P.C. 72200).
# Aphidoletes aphidimyza

Aphidoletes aphidimyza, commonly referred to as the aphid midge, is a midge whose larvae feed on over 80 aphid species, including the green peach aphid.

## Description

The adults are small (less than 1⁄8 inch [3.2 mm] long), black, delicate flies (similar to a fungus gnat) that live for an average of 10 days, feeding on aphid honeydew. They hide beneath the leaves during the day, and are active at night.

## Life cycle

Females deposit 100-250 tiny (1⁄64 inch [0.40 mm]) shiny orange eggs singly or in small groups among aphid colonies that hatch in 2–3 days. After 3–7 days the larvae drop to the ground and burrow 3⁄4 to 1+1⁄2 inches (1.9 to 3.8 cm) inches into the soil to pupate. They are most effective at 68–80 °F (20–27 °C) and high relative humidity.

## Behavior

The small, bright orange, slug-like larvae inject a toxin into aphids' leg joints to paralyze them and then suck out the aphid body contents through a hole bitten in the thorax. Larvae can consume aphids much larger than themselves and may kill many more aphids than they eat when aphid populations are high. A single larva grows up to 1⁄8 inch (0.32 cm) long and kills 4-65 aphids per day.

## Use in biological pest control

The aphid midge is commercially grown by insectaries for use as biological pest control in commercial greenhouse crops. It is supplied as pupae in trays or bottles containing a moist substrate such as vermiculite or peat moss for the pupae to complete their development. Once they are placed in the greenhouse they usually emerge from the shipping container as adults to begin egg-laying in 3–7 days depending on temperature.
# Battle of Ponza (1435)

The naval battle of Ponza was fought in early August 1435, when the Duke of Milan dispatched the Genoese navy to relieve the besieged town of Gaeta, which was currently under threat from the King of Aragon.

## Conflict

Joan II, Queen of Naples, died on 2 February 1435, and by her will bestowed Rene d'Anjou with the crown of Naples. However, Alfonso, king of Aragon and Sicily, whom Queen Joan II had primarily adopted, claimed the succession, on the ground of this first adoption. Thus the successionist war between the House of Anjou and the House of Barcelona over the Kingdom of Naples ensued.
At this critical moment Rene d'Anjou was currently imprisoned in the Duchy of Burgundy and Alfonso of Aragon lost no time in stirring up his partisans in the Kingdom of Naples, whilst he himself sailed from Sicily with a large fleet to besiege Gaeta.
Gaeta itself was garrisoned by the Genoese who shortly after Queen Joan's death dispatched Francesco Spinola with 800 infantry. The Duke of Milan (to whom the Republic of Genoa had lately submitted) sided with the House of Anjou and dispatched a Genoese fleet in July under Biagio Assereto in order to relieve Gaeta. Alfonso immediately sailed against the Genoese fleet with superior numbers. The two fleets met near the island of Ponza and after a long and gallant conflict, which lasted for ten hours, the Genoese were completely victorious. The royal galley of Aragon was compelled to strike, and Alfonso V, King of Aragon was captured.

## Aftermath

The siege of Gaeta was lifted, and the return of the Genoese fleet was met with a triumphant reception at Genoa. The King and all the noble Aragonese prisoners were then brought to Milan before the Duke, and with this one strike the war seemed already over. However the King of Aragon managed to persuade the Duke of Milan to his side and against Rene d'Anjou, and was set at liberty with all other prisoners. The Genoese were so utterly exasperated by the Duke's decision that they started to rebel against him, drove out the Milanese garrison and overthrew his rule on 27 December 1435.
# Independent Moslem League

The Independent Moslem League, sometimes referred to as the Independent Moslem League of Massawa, was a political party in Eritrea. It was formed through a split in the Moslem League, founded by Moslem League members from the central and eastern provinces of Eritrea. Mohammed Omer Cadi was the president of the party.

## Formation

IML was initially a constituent of the Independence Bloc. However, the IML began to see the Bloc as dominated by Italian interests, and by 1949 it had broken away from it. The IML was the first of various Independence Bloc factions to desert the Bloc.

## Political activities

At the time of the split from the Moslem League, the IML held negotiations with representatives of the Ethiopian government. The Ethiopians offered the IML assurances that if Eritrea enter into union with Ethiopia, Islamic traditions would be respected and schools would teach in Arabic language alongside Amharic. After receiving these assurances the IML opted for support of a union between Eritrea and Ethiopia, fearing that an independent Eritrean state could be dominated by Italian settlers. In areas like Keren and around Massawa, the IML was able to mobilize significant sectors in support of the unionist cause.
In mid-October 1953, the IML, Moslem League and the National Party sent a joint telegram to the United Nations. The telegram was significant as it marked the beginning of protests against Tedla Bairu's cabinet. Furthermore, it was notable that, for the first time in the telegram the Muslim political parties argued in favour of rights for the Muslim population on the basis of their religious identity.
# Carlos Drada

Carlos Drada (born Feb 9 1975) is a Colombian former professional tennis player.
Drada, a left-handed player from Cali, represented the Colombia Davis Cup team in two ties, against Canada in 1995 and the Bahamas in 2000. His only ATP Tour main draw appearance came at the 1996 Colombia Open, where he lost in the first round to Gastón Etlis in three sets. He had a best singles ranking of 607 in the world.
Now living in the United States, Drada was a collegiate tennis player for the University of Kentucky. During his junior year he had a win over James Blake, then the top-ranked college player. He finished runner-up to Alex Kim in the 2000 NCAA singles championship, despite going into the tournament unseeded. In the semi-finals he again defeated the top ranked player in Jeff Morrison, who was also the defending champion.
Since 2006 he has served as the head coach of women's tennis at the University of Kentucky.
# St Nicholas Market

St Nicholas Market is a market in Corn Street, Bristol, England in The Exchange in the Bristol City Centre. It is also home to the Bristol Farmers' Market, the Nails Market, and the Slow Food Market, all of which are located in front of the Exchange.
It was the location of the first Berni Inn in 1956, which became a large chain, at The Rummer, a historic pub.

## Gallery

* Banner at the entrance to The Market
* Shoppers in the farmer's market
* Large ornate door to the entrance of The Exchange
* A view of the arcade
# William Halliday Welsh

Dr. William Halliday Welsh (1879-1972) was a Scotland international rugby union player. He became the 58th President of the Scottish Rugby Union.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

Welsh played for Edinburgh University. He was part of a famous University back line in 1901–02 season: Alec Boswell Timms, James Barnett Allison (of Ireland), and Alfred Fell together with Welsh and Alexander William Duncan at Full Back. The half back pairing of Ernest Simson and Frank Fasson completed the international line-up of backs.
For 4 straight seasons, the Edinburgh University side had won the Scottish Unofficial Championship from 1899 to 1903, albeit in 3 of those seasons they shared the title with Edinburgh Academicals and Hawick (1899–1900), Watsonians (1901–02), and Glasgow Academicals (1902–03). The 1900–01 season championship was won outright by the University.
He also played for Merchistonians.

### Provincial career

He played for Edinburgh District in 1900.
He played for the Cities District in 1901.

### International career

He was capped 8 times for Scotland in the period 1900–02.
The Scottish Referee included this biography of Welsh in the buildup to the Scotland versus Wales match in 1901: '[Welsh] is one of the best athletes Merchiston and Scotland have produced. Three-Quarter mile champion of Scotland and at present the holder of all three short distance championships. One of the fastest men who ever played for Scotland, perhaps only equalled by W. A. Peterkin and George Campbell Lindsay. A splendid tackler, and a fine kicker with either foot. A strong, determined runner, but a little lacking in dodging ability. Combines splendidly with Alec Boswell Timms. Capped against Ireland and England last year. Saved Scotland last year from defeat by England by his great tackling of William Bunting and Forrest when clean away.'

### Administrative career

He was President of the Scottish Rugby Union for the period 1938 to 1939.
After being President, Welsh was elected as a Special Representative on the board of the SRU.
# Capture of USS Hancock

The American frigate USS Hancock was captured by the British Royal Navy in a 1777 naval battle during the American Revolutionary War. The two highest ranking naval officers of the war battled each other off the coast of Nova Scotia. HMS Rainbow (44 guns), under the command of British Admiral George Collier, captured USS Hancock (34 guns), under the command of Captain John Manley.

## Background

During the American Revolutionary War, Americans regularly attacked Nova Scotia by land and sea. American privateers devastated the maritime economy by raiding many of the coastal communities, such as the numerous raids on Liverpool and on Annapolis Royal.
On 7 June USS Hancock and USS Boston engaged the Royal Navy's 28-gun frigate Fox, which tried to outsail her American enemies. Hancock gave chase and soon overhauled Fox, which lost her mainmast and suffered other severe damage in the ensuing duel. About an hour later, Boston joined the battle and compelled Fox to strike her colors.
Hancock spent the next few days repairing the prize and then resumed cruising along the coast of New England. East of Cape Sable, Nova Scotia she took a British coal sloop, which she towed until the next morning when the approach of a British squadron prompted Manley to set the coal sloop ablaze and leave her adrift.

## Battle

On 8 July, Manley was in Hancock accompanied by Boston and Fox when they arrived at the mouth of Halifax Harbour. Collins was in HMS Rainbow (44 guns) accompanied by the frigate HMS Flora (32 guns) and the brig HMS Victor (18 guns) and they chased the American vessels. The American vessels scattered.
Boston, under command of Captain McNeil, easily escaped. When McNeil returned to Boston he was court-martialled for abandoning Manley and dismissed from the Navy. Flora recaptured Fox after a hot action and brought the vessel into Halifax.
Rainbow and Victor gave chase to Hancock. Early in the morning 9 July 1777 the British were within striking distance of Hancock. Rainbow began to score with her bow chasers and followed with a series of broadsides. Hancock was thus finally forced to strike her colors after a chase of some 39 hours. She had 239 men of her crew aboard, 50 some being on Fox. She also had Captain Fotheringham of Fox and 40 of his people on board. The rest were on Boston and a couple of fishing vessels. Collins took the American vessels back to Halifax. The British renamed the American vessel Iris. Manley and his crew were imprisoned for months and then released back to Boston.

## Aftermath

American privateers remained a threat to Nova Scotian ports for the rest of the war. For example, after a failed attempt to raid Chester, Nova Scotia, American privateers struck again in the Raid on Lunenburg in 1782.
# Massimo Spinella

Massimo Spinella (born 8 August 1999) is an Italian sport shooter who competed in the men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol event at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Spinella was born in Reggio Calabria.