OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rancho del Arroyo Chico

Rancho del Arroyo Chico was a 22,214-acre (89.90 km$^2$) Mexican land grant in present-day Butte County, California, which ultimately laid the foundation for the city of Chico. The name Arroyo Chico means 'little stream' and refers to Big Chico Creek. The grant was located along the north bank of Big Chico Creek, east of the Sacramento River and it encompassed present-day Chico.

## History

With Alta California under the control of the Mexican government, Governor Manuel Micheltorena granted Rancho del Arroyo Chico to William Dickey in 1844. Within a decade, ownership of the land transferred hands a number of times and settled in John Bidwell's (1819–1900) possession. Dickey, Bidwell, and George McKinstry, Jr. (1810–1882) had all worked at one time for John Sutter and were also partners in various mining ventures.
McKinstry came to California in 1846, worked for Sutter as clerk and as sheriff of Northern California District, and assisted in the rescue of the Donner Party. Dickey, wanting to return to his eastern home, sold Rancho Arroyo Chico to McKinstry in 1849. Within a few years, the rancho ended up under Bidwell's ownership. Eight years after selling the rancho, McKinstry moved to San Diego and practised as a physician there until his death.
Bidwell had been in the California scene for several years, having led the Bartleson-Bidwell Party in 1841. He soon found employment as Sutter's business manager, and within a few years he obtained a couple of Mexican land grants, including Rancho Los Ulpinos and Rancho Colus. In 1848, Bidwell discovered gold in Feather River, at a place now call Bidwell's Bar. Bidwell sold Rancho Colus, then acquired Rancho Arroyo Chico in two separate purchases.
In 1849, McKinstry sold to Bidwell an undivided half of the rancho. The following year he sold the other half interest to his brother-in-law Justus McKinstry, who sold it over to Bidwell in 1851.
With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Arroyo Chico was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to John Bidwell in 1860.
Bidwell founded the city of Chico in 1860, laying out the community on the land of his Rancho Arroyo Chico on the north side of Chico Creek, as well as on part of Rancho Farwell on the south side of Chico Creek.

## Historic sites of the Rancho

* Bidwell Mansion State Historic Park
# Pasch configuration

In discrete geometry, the Pasch configuration, which can also be described as a (6$_2$4$_3$) configuration, is a configuration of 6 points and 4 lines, with 3 points per line and 2 lines per point. It is named after Moritz Pasch.
The Levi graph of the Pasch configuration is called the Pasch graph.
# Neil Scales

Neil Scales OBE is a former British-Australian public servant. He was the Director-General of the Department of Transport & Main Roads, in Queensland having assumed the office in 2013, and serving until June 2023.

## Career and Life

Between 1999 and 2012, Scales was Chief Executive Officer and Director-General of Merseytravel in Liverpool.
Scales resigned from Merseytravel in December 2011, to take up an appointment in the Queensland Public Sector. He joined TransLink in Brisbane, Australia, in March 2012 as Chief Executive Officer.
In March 2013, Scales was appointed Director-General of the Queensland Department of Transport & Main Roads. He retired in 2023.

## Awards

Scales was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to transport.
# Kirkmichael, South Ayrshire

Kirkmichael (Gaelic: Cille Mhìcheil, "the church of St Michael") is a village in South Ayrshire, Scotland, located between Patna, Maybole and Straiton. It was also a civil parish. In 1991 it had a population of 647.

## The village

Kirkmichael lies 3 miles (5 km) east of Maybole and started life as the focus of a well populated rural parish served by its church. Today it is a largely white harled small village set amid the rolling hills of South Ayrshire, a 10-mile (16 km) drive south of central Ayr.
Its origins date back to the 13th century when John de Gemmelstoun founded a church beside the Dyrock Burn here, which he dedicated to St. Michael. For much of its early life the village was called Kirkmichael of Gemilston, after its founder, but the name was eventually simplified.
The village church dates back to 1787 and is a fairly typical T-plan design intended to provide a large number of seats within a fairly small space, all exposed to the full force of the preacher's oratory.
The surrounding churchyard reflects its much greater age, though the attractive lich gate leading to it only dates back to 1702, according to the inscription on its bell. The lich gate was intended to accommodate mourners at funerals.
Kirkmichael focuses on two intersecting streets, largely occupied by white cottages built for hand-weavers in the 1790s. The most unusual building is the red stone McCosh Hall in Patna Road. This serves as the village hall and in 1898 was gifted to the village by James McCosh, President of Princeton University, whose family came from this part of Ayrshire. At the junction of Patna Road and Straiton Road lies the white-painted Kirkmichael Arms, a long one-storey village inn.
It has a pub, a restaurant and one post office.
Kirkmichael House on the south west side of the village is a Scottish baronial mansion dating from the 17th century. It was originally the home of the noble Kennedy family, before becoming a miners' welfare home and a boarding school.

### Notable people

* John McCosh, army surgeon and photographer, the earliest war photographer whose name is known.
* Samuel McGaw, recipient of the Victoria Cross.
* John Willet, engineer. Attended the village primary school.

## Guitar festival

Kirkmichael was the venue for the Kirkmichael International Guitar Festival. From 1999 until 2005 (except 2004, when the event was not held) for three days in May, Kirkmichael became Scotland's guitar village and played host to thousands of music lovers from around the world. They came together for a weekend catering to all musical tastes from folk to flamenco and jazz to rock and roll.

## Industry

The mining industry that dominated much of South Ayrshire left Kirkmichael unscathed. The same cannot be said for many of those employed in the industry, and it is a mark of the village's attractive location and environment that in the early 20th century the large Kirkmichael House, to the south of the village, was converted into a miners' welfare home, while another was opened near Cloncaird Castle to the south east. Both closed in the 1950s.
# Zuccone

Lo Zuccone (Italian pronunciation:), which translates from Italian as "large head" or "bald head", is the popular name given to a marble statue by Donatello. It was commissioned for the bell tower of the Cathedral of Florence, Italy and completed between 1423 and 1425. It is also known as the Statue of the Prophet Habakkuk, as many believe it depicts the Biblical figure Habakkuk, though Vasari says that it is a portrait (in Biblical garb) of Giovanni di Barduccio Cherichini.
The statue is known for its realism and naturalism, which differed from most statuary commissioned at the time. Zuccone is reported to have been Donatello's favorite, and he has been claimed to swear by the sculpture, "By the faith I place in my zuccone." Donatello is said to have shouted "speak, damn you, speak!" at the marble as he was carving it. It has been described as the most important marble sculpture of the fifteenth century. It is now in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo in Florence.
# Made Kuti

Ọmọ́rìnmádé Kútì (born 26 September 1995) known professionally as Made Kuti, is a Nigerian afrobeat singer, songwriter and instrumentalist. He released his debut album titled For(e)ward in 2021.

## Early life

Made Kuti was born to Femi and Funke Kuti on 26 September 1995. He was raised in the New Afrika Shrine. He learned to play multiple musical instruments including the trumpet, alto, sax, piano and drums in his childhood and started playing the trumpet at age 3. After studying music at Uxbridge College, Hayes Campus, he attended Trinity Laban Conservatoire in London which was Fela Kuti's alma mater.

## Career

Made Kuti started out his musical career in childhood as he played the bass and saxophone with his fathers band, Positive Force. He started touring with the band at the age of 8. He released his debut single titled "Free Your Mind" in October 2020.
His debut album was titled For(e)ward which was released solo and as part of a double record titled Legacy+ alongside his father, Femi Kuti. The album was produced by Sodi Marciszewer who had worked with Fela Kuti in the past and was released under Partisan Records. Femi Kuti's Stop the Hate occupies the first 10 tracks of the album while Made Kuti's For(e)ward occupies the last 8 tracks. The cover art is a portrait of Femi Kuti and Made Kuti by Delphine Desane. The album was rated 7.7/10 by a Pulse Nigeria reviewer. His music is described as a blend of jazz, highlife, rock, and reggae.
Made Kuti held an event titled "An evening with Made Kuti" at the Terra Kulture Arena in Lagos where he unveiled his band named The Movement.
He is the son of Nigerian afrobeat musician, Femi Kuti and grandson of afrobeat pioneer, Fela Kuti.

## Personal life

On 1 November 2023, Made and Inedoye Adanne Onyenso (now addressed as. Inedoye Adanne Anikulapo-Kuti) married in Lagos, Nigeria in a private ceremony held in Ikeja.

## Discography
### Singles

| Year | Title | Album |
| 2020 | "Free Your Mind" | For(e)ward |
| 2020 | "Your Enemy" | For(e)ward |

### Albums

2021 - For(e)ward

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result | Ref |
| 2022 | Grammy Awards | Best Global Music Album | Legacy+ | Nominated | |
# Eunhosikdang

Eunhosikdang (Korean: 은호식당) is a historic Korean restaurant in Jung District, Seoul, South Korea. It is the fourth oldest active restaurant in Seoul, having been founded in 1932. It specializes in the dish kkori-gomtang (oxtail soup). It is close to the Namdaemun area, near Namdaemun Market.
Customers reportedly wear gloves to pick up and eat the meat and bones from the kkori-gomtang. The meat can be dipped in a house sauce, and the soup has noodles in it. The restaurant also serves other dishes, such as yangji-tang (brisket soup) and seolleongtang.
The restaurant is reportedly the oldest in Jung District. It was founded in 1932 by Kim Eun-im (김은임) as a tent restaurant in Namdaemun Market. Eventually, she acquired a permanent space for the restaurant, which she dubbed Pyeonghwaok (평화옥); around this time she encountered Lee Myeong-sun (이명순), whom she would eventually adopt as her daughter and pass the restaurant onto. During the 1950–1953 Korean War, Kim fled to Busan and temporarily reopened the restaurant there. After Kim's return to Seoul, she eventually acquired a storefront for the restaurant, which she named Eunseongok (은성옥). After the 1968 Namdaemun Market fire, the restaurant reopened under the name Eunhosikdang. Amidst plans to redevelop the Namdaemun area, the restaurant opened two branches with the intent to move out of the Namdaemun area; this never ended up happening, so it maintained all three branches. The first branch opened in the Seosomun area in 2002, and the second in Yeouido in 2005. By 2019, it was reportedly run by the fourth generation of the same family. It first served haejang-guk (a dish said to cure hangovers). After government officials tried the kkori-gomtang, the dish became a hit in the store.
In 2013, it was made a Seoul Future Heritage.
# Anachloris uncinata

Anachloris uncinata, the hook-winged carpet, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was first described by Achille Guenée in 1863 and is found in the southern half of Australia.
The wingspan is 30 mm.
The larvae feed on Hibbertia obtusifolia and Hibbertia stricta.
# Graptodytes delectus

Graptodytes delectus is a species of beetle in family Dytiscidae. It is endemic to Spain.
# 1994 Lothian Regional Council election

The 1994 Lothian Regional Council election, the sixth election to Lothian Regional Council, was held on 5 May 1994, as part of the wider 1994 Scottish regional elections. The Lothian result saw Labour further strengthening their already dominant position on the council. The council would ultimately not last long, with regional councils being abolished the following year.

## Aggregate results

Lothian Regional election, 1994 :
| Party | Seats | Gains | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes |
| Labour | 36 | | 2 | | 40.7 | 114,497 |
| Conservative | 5 | | 7 | | 18.4 | 51,775 |
| SNP | 4 | | 3 | | 23.6 | 66,409 |
| Liberal Democrats | 4 | | 2 | | 15.9 | 44,752 |
| Scottish Green | 0 | 0 | | 0.0 | 0.9 | 2,509 |
| Independent | 0 | 0 | | 0.0 | 0.1 | 280 |
| Other parties | 0 | 0 | | 0.0 | 0.3 | 925 |
# Mary Virginia Duval

Mary Virginia Duval (1850-1930) was an American textbook author.
She was born in Rome, Georgia to James Calvin Duval and Almeda Melita. Raised in Mississippi, she was educated in private schools. When she began teaching, she learned that most students learned U.S. history, but not the history of Mississippi and sought to remedy that. Her publications, including The Students' History of Mississippi (1886) and History of Mississippi and Civil Government (1892) were subsequently added to the state's curriculum in 1890.
# Fredrick George Smith

Fredrick George Smith was a British mechanical engineer. He was born in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1872 and died in 1956. He was appointed manager of the Highland Railway's Lochgorm Works in 1903, and promoted to Assistant to the Chief Mechanical Engineer, Peter Drummond in 1903.
After Drummond's departure for the Glasgow and South Western Railway in 1911, Smith was appointed to replace him, albeit under the old title of Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Superintendent. His only design for the Highland Railway was the River Class, which was rejected by the Chief Engineer, causing his resignation. He went on to take a post in the Ministry of Munitions and in 1918 entered the steel industry.
# John of Nottingham

John of Nottingham was a 14th-century magician, said to have plotted to kill Edward II of England and Hugh Despenser the Younger in 1324 through witchcraft.

## Background

By 1324, Edward II was ruling England with his royal favourite Hugh Despenser the Younger in an increasingly despotic manner. Although Edward had defeated his Lancastrian opponents in 1322, many of his enemies had escaped to France from where they still conspired against Despenser and him. Already during 1324 there had been an attempt to murder the pair, although the conspiracy had been foiled.

## The conspiracy

According to the case brought by the prosecution, twenty eight citizens of Coventry had become particularly discontented with the Prior of Coventry, who had been extracting considerable taxes from the city with the backing of the Despensers. In November 1323, they had approached John of Nottingham, a famous magician based in Coventry, to request his assistance in killing the King, Hugh Despenser and his father, along with the prior, using magic. John had set about doing this using necromantic ceremonies involving wax effigies of his targets. Using seven pounds of wax and two yards of cloth, John allegedly made effigies of the four main targets, the prior's unpopular caterer and his steward, along with one of Richard de Lowe, a local man on whom the magic was to be first tested. John was said to have worked with his assistant Robert Marshall in a deserted house just outside Coventry on the magical effigies, which he ultimately tested in 1324 by driving a lead pin first into the head, and then the heart of de Lowe's effigy; de Lowe apparently died as a result.
Unfortunately for John, his assistant Marshall then turned him in to the authorities, potentially as the result of a grievance against his master, before any further attacks could be made. The case against John and his sponsors came up before the King's Bench later in the year, in which the group were tried for the murder of de Lowe. They were found innocent by the jury.

## Consequences

Hugh Despenser became extremely concerned for his personal safety after this case. He wrote to Pope John XXII asking for his assistance in protecting him against magical attack. The Pope, who was not favourably inclined towards the Despensers, curtly advised him to "turn to God with his whole heart and make a good confession and such satisfaction as shall be enjoined. No other remedies are necessary beyond this general indulgence which the Pope grants him." The case added to the febrile atmosphere that led to the overthrow of Edward II and the Despensers two years later.
# Akitake Kōno

Akitake Kōno (河野 秋武, Kōno Akitake, 8 October 1911 – 17 March 1978) was a Japanese film actor. He appeared in more than sixty films from 1943 to 1973.

## Career

Kōno started acting with the Zenshinza theater troupe before joining the Toho studio in 1942. Mostly a character actor, he appeared in films by directors such as Akira Kurosawa and Kenji Mizoguchi as well on television.

## Selected filmography

Film :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 1943 | Sanshiro Sugata | |
| 1945 | The Men Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail | |
| 1945 | Sanshiro Sugata Part II | |
| 1946 | Minshū no Teki | |
| 1946 | No Regrets for Our Youth | Itokawa |
| 1949 | Lady from Hell | Tachibana |
| 1950 | Bōryoku no Machi | |
| 1950 | Listen to the Voices of the Sea | |
| 1954 | Sansho the Bailiff | |
| 1955 | Rokunin no Ansatsusha | Nakaoka Shintarō |
| 1956 | Shirogane Shinjū | |
| 1957 | Temptress and the Monk | |
| 1957 | Sun in the Last Days of the Shogunate | |
| 1959 | The Human Condition I: No Greater Love | |
| 1964 | Adventures of Zatoichi | |
# XHS-FM

XHS-FM (branded as Oreja FM) is a Mexican Spanish-language radio station that serves the Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico market area.

## History

XES-AM received its concession in 1932 and initially broadcast on 1055 kHz. Originally owned by Fernando Sada, XES was sold to Difusora Porteña, S. de R.L., in 1938, and to Radio Televisora de Tampico, the current concessionaire, in 1951. It also moved frequencies to 1240 AM.
XES migrated to FM in 2012.
Until July 30, 2021, the station carried Christian programming under the name "Radio Unción", in addition to W Radio programming. That same day the station took on the "W Radio Tampico" branding full time.
On June 19, 2023, it changed its name to Oreja WFM, keeping some programs from W Radio, including "Hoy por Hoy" with Carlos Loret de Mola.
# Leucocythere

Leucocythere is a genus of ostracods in family Limnocytheridae. It contains at least the following species:
* Leucocythere algeriensis Martens, 1989
* Leucocythere helenae Martens, 1991
* Leucocythere mirabilis Kaufmann, 1892
# Soviet submarine K-33

K-33 was a Soviet nuclear-powered Project 658-class submarine (NATO reporting name Hotel II). She belonged to the Soviet Northern Fleet and carried the identification number 921. In 1977, she was renamed K-54.
K-33 was built at Factory No. 902 in Severodvinsk, Soviet Union, as a Hotel I-class submarine, launched on 6 August 1960 and was commissioned on 5 July 1961. In 1964 K-33 was repaired and modernized into 658M-standard (Hotel II), by installing a new missile complex giving her capability to fire missiles while submerged. She was decommissioned in 1990.
K-33 was involved in two incidents.

## Kattegat incident

On 12 April 1963, K-33 collided with the Finnish merchant vessel MS Finnclipper in the Kattegat.
Finnclipper, owned by Enso Gutzeit, was on her way to the United States with a load of 6,000 tons of paper. When she reached the Kattegat, there was a mist. Finnclipper's crew heard engine noise on their port side at 11.05 a.m. and a submarine emerged from the mist. Finnclipper steered sharply to starboard to try to avoid a collision, but to no avail.
Finnclipper immediately stopped and returned to the submarine to see if she needed help. Two Soviet officers on board told the Finnish captain that the submarine's side had suffered severe structural damage, having been pressed in and deformed. The Soviet officers did not reveal their nationality, but told Finnclipper's crew that their vessel was a Warsaw Pact submarine. The Finns, however, could read the number 921 clearly on the side of the submarine, identifying her as K-33. According to some Soviet sources, K-33 underwent an overhaul at a Soviet Northern Fleet base from 25 October 1962 through 29 December 1964 and therefore could not have been involved in the collision, and at the time the Soviets claimed that the submarine involved was not a nuclear submarine, although Finnclipper's crew had identified K-33 clearly. A 1996 Russian article says K-33 was en route to a patrol in the North Atlantic Ocean when she collided with Finnclipper.
Finnclipper managed to cross the Atlantic Ocean after the collision, although she had sprung a leak. The severely damaged K-33 limped to Murmansk for repairs. The captain of the Finnish vessel, Runar Lindholm, gave a maritime declaration when arriving in New York, but the report was labeled "secret" for over 44 years. It has been speculated that the incident was held secret due to the Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948, under which the Soviets could forbid the Finns to report the incident in the news media or even to research it.
On 4 April 2007, Lindholm and maritime author Jaakko Varimaa, who at the time was second mate on Finnclipper, published the book Sukellusvene sumussa ("Submarine In The Mist"), revealing the accident to the general public.

## Arctic incident

In 1965, K-33 was involved in a radiation emergency in the Arctic, involving dehermeticity of fuel elements.

## Sources

* Varimaa, Jaakko (2007). Sukellusvene sumussa. Revontuli. ISBN 978-952-5170-67-2.
* Ilta-Sanomat 4 April 2007
# Petronilla van Outryve

Petronilla van Outryve (1748, Damme – 1814, Bruges), was a Flemish noblewoman, businesswoman and political activist, known for her participation in the Brabant Revolution. She renounced her titles and became known as Madame Stappens. She was the founder of the Jacobin Club in Bruges, hosted the political meetings during the revolution and encouraged and influenced its policies. A street was named after her.
# Sectarian democracy

Sectarian democracies are multifactional countries where the faction with the greatest power has a democratic government that is discriminatory towards the other faction.

## Present-day Iraq

Present day Iraq is a sectarian democracy where the Shiite controls the majority of the government. This is partly because Shiites in Iraq are the dominant religious group and partly because many Sunnis boycotted the elections. Despite the sectionality of the government, there are elected Sunnis and Kurds in power.

## Apartheid South Africa

Under apartheid, South Africa was a sectarian democracy which some called a "white-only democracy". White South Africans enjoyed the right to vote and to participate in the political process whereas the Black South Africans were oppressed. The end of apartheid brought about consociationalist-like government allowing for powersharing between Black and White South Africans.

## Northern Ireland

The political power was concentrated in the hands of the Protestant Unionists and this led to sectarian violence until the establishment of a consociationalist-like government which allowed powersharing between the Protestant Unionists and the Catholic Nationalists.