OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Habitancum

Habitancum was an ancient Roman fort (castrum) located at Risingham, Northumberland, England. The fort was one of series of built along the extension of Dere Street, a Roman road running from York to Corbridge and onwards to Melrose, in Scotland.
The fort's name is derived from the word Habitanci inscribed on an altar set up by Marcus Gavius Secundinus, a consular beneficiary on duty there. It is not mentioned in other sources such as the Notitia Dignitatum.

## Location

The fort is situated 13 miles (21 km) north of Corbridge (Coria) and 8 miles (13 km) south of Rochester (Bremenium), the next Roman forts on Dere Street. The fort occupies a low mound overlooking the River Rede. It is about 9 miles north of Hadrian's Wall

## History

The fort was built in the early Antonine period c. 138 AD when the frontier was re-established further north on the Antonine Wall. It was destroyed in c. 197 AD but was rebuilt under Septimius Severus by the First Cohort of Vangiones (nominally one thousand strong) in 205-8 on a different orientation to which the surviving earthworks belong. The fort was destroyed again in the late 3rd century and rebuilt under Constantius about 306. It was destroyed in 343, rebuilt and finally destroyed in about 368.

## Description

It is oblong in shape and measures 450 feet (140 m) north to south, and 400 feet (120 m) east to west, giving an area of just over 4 acres (16,000 m$^2$). It was surrounded by a number of ditches, which can still be seen on the south and west sides.
The fort had gates in the south and west walls. There may have been gates in the other walls but no sign of them has been found. The walls were of sandstone ashlar, backed by a clay bank thirty feet thick.
There was a substantial vicus (civil settlement) as testified by the numerous inscriptions.

## Garrison

The 2nd-century garrison is not known for certain, but may have been Cohors IV Gallorum equitata. The 3rd-century garrison was the First Cohort of Vangiones, as well as a Numerus Exploratorum (Unit of Scouts) and a detachment of Raeti Gaesati (pikemen).

## Current site

The only visible stone remains lie at the north-eastern corner angle, but the outlines of many buildings can easily be made out beneath a layer of turf in the fort's interior, as can the ditches on all sides.
# All-Ukrainian Central Council of Trade Unions

The All-Ukrainian Central Council of Trade Unions (Utsentrprof) was the first national trade union federation in Ukraine.
The First All-Ukrainian Congress of Workers was held in May 1918, bringing together 300 delegates who represented 311 trade unions which claimed a total of more than 500,000 members. The congress had a Menshevik majority and voted in favour of the nationalisation of industry, an independent people's republic of Ukraine, and major changes to labour laws. The congress also established the country's first national trade union federation. It appointed three general secretaries, one of whom was Noah Barou.
The formation of the federation encouraged the creation of numerous new Ukrainian trade unions, and rapid growth in overall trade union membership. However, the increasingly strong Bolsheviks saw Ukraine becoming part of a Soviet Union, and wanted the trade unions to merge into larger ones, organised on that basis.
By April 1919, the Bolsheviks were in control of the Ukrainian trade union movement. That month, they convened the First All-Ukrainian Trade Union Congress in Kharkov, which dissolved Utsentrprof. In 1924, a second congress was held, which established a successor, the All-Ukrainian Council of Trade Unions.
# Norman Joseph Favaloro

Norman Joseph Favaloro (15 August 1905 – 25 October 1989) was an Australian lawyer and amateur ornithologist and zoologist. Norman was born in Bendigo. He practiced law in Mildura, Victoria where he lived most of his life. In 1940 he was appointed an Honorary Associate in the Ornithology Department of the National Museum of Victoria, an association he retained the rest of his life. He made three trips to the subantarctic, visiting Macquarie Island, Heard Island and Kerguelen Island. At Macquarie Island he collected king penguins and their eggs for the National Museum of Victoria. His own notable egg collection was also bequeathed to the Museum.
He joined the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU) in 1923 at the age of eighteen, and served the organisation as President 1952–1954, and Treasurer 1965–1968.
# Beta-seco-amyrin synthase

β-seco-amyrin synthase (EC 5.4.99.54) is an enzyme with systematic name (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene mutase (cyclizing, beta-seco-amyrin-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene $\rightleftharpoons$ beta-seco-amyrin
The enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana is multifunctional.
# Taha Jabir Alalwani

Taha Jabir Al-Alwani (طه جابر علواني), Ph.D. (1935 – March 4, 2016) was an Iraqi Islamic scholar. He was a founder and chairman of the Fiqh Council of North America and served as president of Cordoba University in Ashburn, Virginia, United States. He also held the Imam Al-Shafi'i Chair in the Islamic Legal Theory at The Graduate School of Islamic and Social Sciences at Corboda University.

## Biography

Born in 1935 in Iraq, Al-Alwani received his high school diploma from al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt in 1953 and received his bachelor's from the College of Shari’ah and Law in 1959. He continued at the college and earned a master's degree in 1968 and a doctorate in Usul al-fiqh in 1973.
Following his undergraduate studies, Al-Alwani returned to Iraq and became a lieutenant in the Iraqi Military Reserves. He taught in the Military Academy of Iraq in Baghdad and was a professor at the College of Islamic Studies for 6 years.
He returned to al-Azhar in Egypt where he earned his PhD. He then taught at the Imam Muhammad ibn Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for 10 years before he decided to immigrate to the United States in 1983 where he settled down in Northern Virginia for 23 years.
There he studied the history of several religious groups, specifically Jewish history and focused his attention on Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakay, who founded a well-known Jewish rabbinical center in Yavne, credited with paving the way to Rabbinical Judaism, after the destruction of the second Jewish temple. He held the first chair for an Islamic scholar in the Washington Theological Consortium.
Al-Alwani worked extensively on interfaith projects. He had a vast network of scholars from different religions. His work reflected moderate positions in Islamic scholarship, including a monograph he wrote against punishing apostasy.

## Personal life

Al-Alwani was married to Mona Abul-Fadl. The couple had two daughters, Zainab and Ruqaia, and a son, Ahmed.
Al-Alwani played the qanun and enjoyed listening to Arabic music such as maqam and Umm Kulthum. He spoke Arabic, English, Persian, and Turkish.
He died on 4 March 2016.
# Communauté d'agglomération Grand Sud Caraïbe

Communauté d'agglomération Grand Sud Caraïbe is a communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure in the Guadeloupe overseas department and region of France. Created in 2011, its seat is in Basse-Terre. Its area is 343.5 km$^2$. Its population was 77,186 in 2019.

## Composition

The communauté d'agglomération consists of the following 11 communes:
* Baillif
* Basse-Terre
* Bouillante
* Capesterre-Belle-Eau
* Gourbeyre
* Saint-Claude
* Terre-de-Bas
* Terre-de-Haut
* Trois-Rivières
* Vieux-Fort
* Vieux-Habitants
# September 20, 2007, Osama bin Laden video

* This article is part of a series aboutOsama bin Laden
Personal
Personal life
Political views
Militant career
Bodyguards
Compound in Abbottabad
House in Khartoum
Wadi al-Aqiq
Family
1st General Emir of al-Qaeda
Fatwas
September 11 attacks
Motives
Planning
Responsibility
"Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US"
Videos and audio recordings
2004 video
19 January 2006 tape
6 September 2007 video
11 September 2007 video
20 September 2007 tape
Letter to the American People
Messages to the World
Interviews
Allegations of CIA assistance
Alleged Pakistani support
Manhunt
CIA fake vaccination campaign in Pakistan
Killing and legacy
Killing
Reactions
Conspiracy theories
In popular culture :
vte :
Nine days after Osama bin Laden released his latest video, September 11, 2007 Osama bin Laden video, on the sixth anniversary of the September 11, 2001 attacks on New York and Washington, he released a new tape on September 20, 2007 called "Come to Jihad" with his voice over previously released footage of him. In the tape, bin Laden called on Pakistanis to overthrow President Pervez Musharraf, promising what he called retaliation for the storming of the Red Mosque in the capital, Islamabad, in July.

## Contents

Laura Mansfield provides the following quotes from the new Bin Laden message:
* regarding Pakistan's nuclear weapons program: "How is the nation benefited by these weapons and tests of yours? The same goes for the nuclear bomb itself."
* in conclusion: "And we in al-Qaida Organization call on Allah to witness that we will retaliate for the blood of Maulana Abdul Rashid Ghazi and those with him against Musharraf and those who help him, and for all the pure and innocent blood, foremost of which is the blood of the champions of Islam in Waziristan – both North and South – among them the two noble leaders, Nek Muhammad and Abdullah Mahsud. May Allah have mercy on them all."
# Karangasem

Karangasem, also spelled Karang Asem, is a Balinese name and may refer to:

## Locations

* Kingdom of Karangasem, a former Bali kingdom where a royal palace was located, and the royal family itself
* Karangasem Regency of Bali province in Indonesia
* Karangasem District of Karangasem Regency, the seat of the former royal palace and eponymous main settlement, Karangasem

### Subdistrict/Village

* Karangasem, Bulu, Rembang
* Karangasem, Bulu, Sukoharjo
* Karangasem, Cawas, Klaten
* Karangasem, Cibeber, Cilegon
* Karangasem, Jenu, Tuban
* Karangasem, Karangasem, Karangasem
* Karangasem, Karangwareng, Cirebon
* Karangasem, Kertanegara, Purbalingga
* Karangasem, Klampis, Bangkalan
* Karangasem, Kutorejo, Mojokerto
* Karangasem, Lawiyan, Surakarta
* Karangasem, Leuwimunding, Majalengka
* Karangasem, Lumbang, Pasuruan
* Karangasem, Paliyan, Gunung Kidul
* Karangasem, Petarukan, Pemalang
* Karangasem, Plumbon, Cirebon
* Karangasem, Ponjong, Gunung Kidul
* Karangasem, Sampang, Cilacap
* Karangasem, Sayung, Demak
* Karangasem, Sedan, Rembang
* Karangasem, Talun, Pekalongan
* Karangasem, Tanon, Sragen
* Karangasem, Terisi, Indramayu
* Karang Asem, Tungkal Ilir, Banyuasin
* Karangasem, Wirosari, Grobogan
* Karangasem, Wonorejo, Pasuruan
* Karang Asem Barat, Citeureup, Bogor
* Karangasem Selatan, Batang, Batang
* Karang Asem Timur, Citeureup, Bogor
* Karangasem Utara, Batang, Batang

### Railway Station

* Karangasem Station of Java's Eastern Line Railway (Indonesia), in Glagah District of Banyuwangi Regency.
# Juanma (footballer, born 1977)

Juan Manuel Delgado Moreno (born 13 January 1977), known as Juanma, is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.
He amassed La Liga totals of 138 games and seven goals over the course of seven seasons, representing in the competition Racing de Santander and Deportivo.

## Football career

Born in Huelva, Andalusia, Juanma started his professional career with local Recreativo de Huelva in 1997. Two years later he signed for Atlético Madrid, but spent the vast majority of his stint with the B-team and left after one season for UD Salamanca, also in the second division; however, in January 2001, he signed for Racing de Santander, making his debut in La Liga on the 14th in a 0–1 home loss against Málaga CF.
Juanma was manager Joaquín Caparrós' first signing for Deportivo de La Coruña when he joined in July 2005 from Racing in a free transfer. In a 26 October home feature against Real Madrid he scored twice as Depor prevailed 3–1, and netted four goals in 23 games during the campaign.
In 2006–07, however, after Portuguese Jorge Andrade fully recovered from injury, Juanma would be virtually absent from the team's first eleven. After some transfer speculation he moved to second level club CD Tenerife for the following season, being released midway through his second year.
In January 2009, Juanma signed with Cádiz CF in division three, but was waived seven months later, retiring in the summer at the age of 32.
# Vincent Terrier

Vincent Terrier (born 22 December 1968) is a retired French middle-distance runner who competed in the 800 and 1500 metres.
He won the bronze medal at the 1987 European Junior Championships and competed at the 1994 European Indoor Championships without reaching the final. He became French indoor champion in 1991.
His personal best times were 1:46.92 minutes in the 800 metres, achieved in July 1992 in La Roche-sur-Yon; and 3:38.85 minutes in the 1500 metres, achieved in July 1993 in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.
# Luca Leggiero

Luca Leggiero (born 11 November 1984), is an Italian futsal player who plays for Pescara Calcio a 5 and the Italian national futsal team.
# 2000 in Kuwait

The following lists events that happened during 2000 in Kuwait.

## Incumbents

* Emir: Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
* Prime Minister: Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah

## Establishments

* Kuwait Scientific Center.
# Ferrari Horses

"Ferrari Horses" is a song by British hip hop collective D-Block Europe featuring British singer Raye. It was released as a single in 2021 from D-Block Europe's 2020 album The Blue Print: Us vs. Them, reaching number 14 on the UK Singles Chart and being certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). In 2023, it was remixed by British DJ and producer Cassö and retitled "Prada", which charted higher in the UK and internationally.

## Background

On 9 October 2020, British hip hop duo D-Block Europe self-released their debut studio album, The Blue Print: Us vs. Them. "Ferrari Horses" is the 21st song on the album, and features English singer and songwriter Raye. It was released as a single on 4 March 2021.

## Cassö remix

Cassö posted an unofficial remix of "Ferrari Horses" on his TikTok in May 2023, which gained attraction and went viral on the app. It was officially titled "Prada", and was released as a single on 11 August 2023. It topped the charts in eight music markets and reached the top ten in various regions and received multiple music certifications. It was nominated for "Song of the Year" at the Brit Awards 2024.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Ferrari Horses" :
| Chart (2021) | Peak position |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 27 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 14 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 5 |

### Year-end charts

2021 year-end chart performance for "Ferrari Horses" :
| Chart (2021) | Position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 63 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Ferrari Horses" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Platinum | 600,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Presidential memorandum

A presidential memorandum (from Latin memorare, 'to remember') is a type of directive issued by the president of the United States to manage and govern the actions, practices, and policies of the various departments and agencies found under the executive branch of the United States government. It has the force of law and is usually used to delegate tasks, direct specific government agencies to do something, or to start a regulatory process. There are three types of presidential memoranda: presidential determination or presidential finding, memorandum of disapproval, and hortatory memorandum.
Sometimes used interchangeably, an executive order is a more prestigious form of executive action that must cite the specific constitutional or statutory authority the president has to use it. Unlike executive orders, memoranda are not required by law to be published in the Federal Register, but publication is necessary in order to have "general applicability and legal effect". The Federal Register gives publication priority to executive orders and presidential proclamations over memoranda. Memoranda can be amended or rescinded by executive orders or another memorandum, but executive orders take legal precedence and cannot be changed by a memorandum.

## History

In the past, presidential memoranda have been referred to as presidential letters.
| President | Number Issued |
| Barack Obama | 644 |
| Donald Trump (as of January 6, 2020) | 167 |

## Presidential determination

Presidential determination, or presidential finding, are memoranda required by a statute and must be issued before certain actions are taken. For example, a presidential determination on the status of a country must be released before sanctions are imposed on the country.

## Memorandum of disapproval

A memorandum of disapproval is a public veto statement.

## Hortatory memorandum

A hortatory memorandum is issued as a broad policy statement, but unlike a presidential proclamation is directed to executive agencies.

## National security presidential memorandum

In 2017, President Donald Trump issued the national security directives under the name of "national security presidential memorandums". They operate like executive orders, but are only in the area of national security. They date back to President Harry S. Truman and have been issued by various presidents under different names.
# Project Rulison

Project Rulison, named after the rural community of Rulison, Colorado, was an underground 40-kiloton nuclear test project in the United States on September 10, 1969, about 8 miles (13 km) SE of the town of Grand Valley, Colorado (now named Parachute, Colorado) in Garfield County. The location of "Surface Ground Zero" is 39°24′19.0″N 107°56′54.7″W﻿ / ﻿39.405278°N 107.948528°W﻿ / 39.405278; -107.948528. The depth of the test cavity was approximately 8,400 ft (2,600 m) below the ground surface. It was part of the Operation Mandrel weapons test series under the name Mandrel Rulison, as well as the Operation Plowshare project which explored peaceful engineering uses of nuclear explosions. The peaceful aim of Project Rulison was to determine if natural gas could be easily liberated from underground regions. This site remains under active monitoring by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management.
The test succeeded in liberating large quantities of natural gas; however the resulting radioactivity left the gas contaminated and unsuitable for applications such as cooking and heating homes. Although projected public radiation exposures from commercial use of stimulated gas had been reduced to less than 1% of background, it became clear in the early 1970s that public acceptance within the U.S. of any product containing radioactivity, no matter how minimal, was difficult if not impossible.
This was the second of three nuclear demonstration projects for natural-gas-reservoir stimulation as part of the Plowshare program. The other two were Project Gasbuggy in 1967 in northern New Mexico and Project Rio Blanco in 1973 in Colorado.

## Clean up and later proposals for site

The Department of Energy began a cleanup of the site in the 1970s which was completed in 1998. A buffer zone put in place by the state of Colorado still exists around the site. A January 2005 report by the DOE stated that radioactivity levels were normal at the surface and in groundwater, though a later report due in 2007 was expected to more fully explore if there was subsurface contamination and whether or not radioactivity was still spreading outward from the blast site itself.
As of June 2005, the Houston, Texas-based company Presco was seeking to drill for natural gas within the buffer zone, putting in as many as four wells. The company had initially received approval to drill one well, but the county dropped its support when more extensive plans were revealed.
A placard, erected in 1976, now marks the site where the blast took place. It is accessible via a gravel road, Garfield County Route 338.
# New National Party

New National Party may refer to:
* New National Party (Grenada)
* New National Party (Netherlands)
* New National Party (Germany)
* New Nation Party
* New National Party (South Africa)
* New National Party, a proposed name for the National Democratic Party (Egypt)
# Nicaragua at the 1980 Summer Olympics

Nicaragua competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR.

## Results by event
### Athletics

Men's 400 m Hurdles
* Leonel Teller
   * Heat — did not finish (→ did not advance)

### Boxing

Men's Flyweight (– 51 kg)
* Onofre Ramirez
   * First Round — Lost to Petar Lesov (Bulgaria) on points (0-5)
Men's Bantamweight (– 54 kg)
* Ernesto Alguera
   * First Round — Bye
   * Second Round — Lost to Bernardo Piñango (Venezuela) on points (1-4)

### Swimming

Women's 100m Breaststroke
* Garnet Charwat
   * Heats — 1:28.88 (→ did not advance)
# Chungshin Girls' High School

Chungshin Girls' High School (Korean: 정신여자고등학교) is a private girls high school located in Jamsil-dong, Songpa District, Seoul, South Korea.

## Notable alumni

* Han Myeong-sook, first female Prime Minister of South Korea
* Choi Soo-young, singer and member of girl group Girls' Generation
* Go Ara, actress
* Hyun Seung-min, actress
* Park So-dam, movie actress
* Kim Yun-mi, speed skater
* Kim Eun-hye, broadcaster and politician
# The Muse (soundtrack)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
The Muse Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack for the film The Muse, released by English musician Elton John in 1999 through The Rocket Record Company and Island Records. The album is a departure for John, as it mainly contains the orchestrated score for the film, which he wrote in its entirety. The only vocal tracks are the title track, which was co-written with longtime lyricist Bernie Taupin, and a remix of the title track, remixed by Jermaine Dupri.
It was John's third soundtrack following the release of the "Friends" Original Soundtrack Recording in 1971 and The Lion King Original Motion Picture Soundtrack in 1994. It was preceded by Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida, a concept album that was released in early 1999, to draw attention to the Aida Broadway musical.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Elton John, except for "The Muse" (music by John, lyrics by Bernie Taupin).
* "Driving Home" – 1:50
* "Driving to Universal" – 0:18
* "Driving to Jack's" – 1:06
* "Walk of Shame" – 1:34
* "Better Have a Gift" – 2:07
* "The Wrong Gift" – 3:01
* "The Aquarium" – 2:11
* "Are We Laughing" – 1:07
* "Take a Walk with Me" – 1:30
* "What Should I Do?" – 1:11
* "Back to the Aquarium" – 0:54
* "Steven Redecorates" – 2:43
* "To the Guesthouse" – 0:50
* "The Cookie Factory" – 0:54
* "Multiple Personality" – 2:23
* "Sarah Escapes" – 1:44
* "Back to Paramount" – 0:44
* "Meet Christine" – 1:33
* "The Muse" – 4:23
* "The Muse (Remix)" (remixed by Jermaine Dupri) – 4:21

## Credits

Adapted from the album's liner notes:
* Elton John – composition
* Bernie Taupin – lyrics on "The Muse"
* Guy Babylon – production, orchestral arrangements
* Michael T. Ryan – production
* Geoffrey Alexander – score orchestration, conducting
* Simon Rhodes – score recording engineer
* Isobel Griffiths – orchestra contractor
* Gavyn Wright – concert master
* Jenny O'Grady – choirmaster
* Lisa Brown – music coordinator
* Matt Dunkley – copyist
* John Richards – soundtrack mix engineer
* Andy Green – additional engineering
* Greg Calbi – mastering