OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lyceum movement

The lyceum movement was a loose collection of adult education programs that flourished in the mid-19th century in the United States, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest, that were inspired by the classical Lyceum. Some of these organizations lasted until the early 20th century.

## Purpose

The lyceums, mechanics’ institutes, and agriculture organizations like The Grange flourished in the U.S. before and after the Civil War. They were important in the development of adult education in America. During this period hundreds of informal associations were established for the purpose of improving the social, intellectual, and moral fabric of society. The lyceum movement featured lectures, dramatic performances, class instructions, and debates, by noted lecturers, entertainers and readers. They would travel the "lyceum circuit," going from town to town or state to state to entertain, speak, or debate in a variety of locations, never staying in one place for too long. Their appearances were open to the public, which caused them to contribute significantly to the education of the adult American in the 19th century.

## Origins

The first American lyceum, "Millbury Branch Number 1 of the American Lyceum," was founded by Josiah Holbrook in 1826. Holbrook was a traveling lecturer and teacher who believed that education was a lifelong experience, and intended to create a National American Lyceum organization that would oversee this method of teaching. Other educators adopted the lyceum format but were not interested in organizing, so this idea was ultimately dropped.

## Peak of the movement

The Lyceum Movement reached the peak of its popularity in the antebellum era. Public Lyceums were set up around the country, as far south as Florida and west as Detroit, Michigan. Transcendentalists such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau endorsed the movement and gave speeches at many local lyceums. As a young man, Abraham Lincoln gave a speech to a Lyceum in Springfield, Illinois.

## Lyceum as entertainment

After the American Civil War, lyceums were increasingly used as a venue for travelling entertainers, such as vaudeville and minstrel shows. They were also still used for public speeches and lectures. Notable public figures such as Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Victoria Woodhull, Anna Dickinson, Josiah Gilbert Holland, Mark Twain, and William Lloyd Garrison, all spoke at lyceums in the late 19th century.
# Milton Ngauamo

Milton Makasini Ngauamo (born 25 May 1976 in Auckland) is a New Zealand-born Tongan former rugby union player. He played as a lock. He is the brother of Johnny Ngauamo, who is also a rugby union player.

## Career

Ngauamo debuted for Tonga during a match against Papua New Guinea on 30 November 2002, in Port Moresby. He was also part of the 2003 Rugby World Cup Tonga squad, playing four matches in the tournament. Although not being called up for the 2007 Rugby World Cup squad, Ngauamo still played at international level for Tonga, with his last international test cap being against Fiji on 5 July 2008, in Nuku'alofa. At club level he played the National Provincial Championship for Auckland and Wellington and for the Hurricanes in the Super 14, to then play in Europe for Calvisano and for Lyon OU. Ngauamo also played in 1997 for the New Zealand Colts.
# Joseph DePietro

Joseph Nicholas DePietro (June 10, 1914 – March 19, 1999) was an American bantamweight (56 kg) weightlifter. He won gold medals at the 1947 World Championships, 1948 Summer Olympics and 1951 Pan American Games. During his career DePietro set two world records, in 1947 and 1948, both in the press. DePietro had very short arms and body, so that the bar was barely clearing his head when he was lifting it.
# Robert Methuen, 7th Baron Methuen

Robert Alexander Holt Methuen, 7th Baron Methuen (22 July 1931 – 9 July 2014), was a British Liberal Democrat peer. He was one of the ninety hereditary peers elected to remain in the House of Lords after the House of Lords Act 1999.

## Biography

Methuen was the third and youngest son of Anthony Methuen, 5th Baron Methuen, by his wife Grace Durning Holt, daughter of Sir Richard Durning Holt, Bt. He was educated at Shrewsbury School before going up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1957 with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in Engineering.
Methuen worked as a design engineer for Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company from 1957 to 1967, and then as a computer systems engineer for IBM UK Ltd from 1968 to 1975 and for Rolls-Royce Holdings plc from 1975 to 1994. In 1994, he succeeded his elder brother to the title. In the House of Lords, he served on the Science and Technology Select Committee and other committees. He also voted to block the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013.
Lord Methuen married firstly Mary Catherine Jane Hooper in 1958; they divorced in 1993. He married secondly Margrit Andrea Hadwiger one year later. He has two daughters by his first wife: Charlotte Mary Methuen (born 1964) and Henrietta Christian Methuen-Jones (born 1965) who later changed her name to Kittie. Kittie was married to Robert Jones (who took the surname Methuen-Jones) and has three children: Teresa Methuen-Jones (born 1990), Keziah Methuen-Jones (born 1992) and Miriam Methuen-Jones (born 1997).
He died after a short illness on 9 July 2014. He was succeeded in the title by his first cousin once removed, James Methuen-Campbell (born 1952).

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Robert Methuen, 7th Baron Methuen :

## Arms

Coat of arms of Robert Methuen, 7th Baron Methuen :
* EscutcheonArgent three wolves’ heads erased Proper on the breast of an eagle with two heads displayed Sable.
* SupportersOn either side two fiery lynxes reguardant Proper collared having a line passing between their forelegs reflexed over their backs Or.
* MottoVirtus Invidiae Scopus
# Te Rongo Kirkwood

Te Rongo Kirkwood (born 1973) is an artist from Auckland, New Zealand. She is known for her glass art, particularly in fused and slumped glass.

## Career

Kirkwood credits her initial interest in glass art to meeting renowned glass artist Danny Lane in the United Kingdom. When she returned to New Zealand, her interest grew, but with two young children, she was not able to attend a formal multi-year course in glass art at a university. She purchased a glass kiln and began to learn independently.
Kirkwood's works have won recognition in a range of competitions and exhibitions. Her work was selected for inclusion in the Bombay Sapphire Blue Room exhibition in 2007, and for a Matariki-themed exhibition organised by Manukau City Council in 2009. In 2009 she won the Auckland Royal Easter Show art awards in the glass art category with her 'Puawai' piece. In 2014 and 2012, she was selected as a finalist in the Australian Ranamok Glass Prize
She has also contributed to the Project Twin Streams project in Waitakere by producing a major artwork near the pathway at Millbrook Esplanade. Her glass sculpture 'Te Aho Maumahara – Sacred Strand of Memories' hangs in the community area of the Devonport Library.
In 2014, her work was exhibited in the group show Te Hau A Uru: A Message from the West at Te Uru Waitakere Contemporary Gallery alongside artists Rebecca Baumann, Philip Dadson, Brett Graham, Lisa Reihana and Tanya Ruka. Between June 2015 and February 2016, Kirkwood's Ka Awatea series, previously displayed at Pataka Art + Museum in 2012, was exhibited at the De Young Fine Arts Museum in San Francisco. In June 2016, Kōrero Mai, Kōrero Atu, featuring the work of Kirkwood and jeweller Areta Wilkinson opened at the Auckland War Memorial Museum.

## Exhibitions
### Solo

* Ka Awatea, Pataka Art + Museum, Porirua, 2012
* Nga Kakahu Karaihe, Milford Galleries, Dunedin, 11 April – 6 May 2015
* Ka Awatea, De Young (museum), San Francisco, CA, January 2014 – February 2016
* Kōrero Mai, Kōrero Atu: Artists Areta Wilkinson and Te Rongo Kirkwood at Auckland Museum, Auckland War Memorial Museum, Auckland, 1 July – 11 September 2016
* As Above, So Below, Milford Galleries, Dunedin, 22 April – 17 May 2017

### Group

* Te Hau a Uru: A Message from the West, Te Uru Waitakere Contemporary Gallery, Auckland, 1 November – 7 December 2014

## Personal life

Kirkwood is of Māori and Scots ancestry. She affiliates with Waikato, Taranaki, Te Wai-o-Hua, Te Kawerau and Ngāi Tai ki Tamaki iwi.

## Gallery

* Eunoia (2020) at the Auckland Art Gallery
* Te Aho Maumahara (2015) at the Devonport Library, North Shore
* Te Whakakitenga (The Vision) (2010) in Sunnyvale, West Auckland
# Sadaf Shamas

Sadaf Shamas (born 13 December 1998) is a Pakistani cricketer who plays as a right-handed batter. She has also played domestic cricket for Lahore, Higher Education Commission and Multan.

## International career

In May 2022, she was named in Women's One Day International (WODI) squads for Sri Lanka's tour of Pakistan. In September 2022, she was named Pakistan's squad for the Asia Cup.
Shamas made her WODI debut on 4 November 2022 against Ireland at Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore. She made her WT20I debut on 24 January 2023 against Australia at North Sydney Oval, Sydney.
In January 2023, Shamas was added to Pakistan's squad for the 2023 ICC Women's T20 World Cup. She replaced Diana Baig, who was ruled out of the squad due to a fractured finger. In July 2023, she was selected in Pakistan's 2023 Asian Games squad.
She was named in the Pakistan squad for the 2024 ICC Women's T20 World Cup.
# McCanless

McCanless is a Scottish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hix McCanless (born 1868), American architect and civil engineer responsible for several historic buildings of Ennis, Ellis County, Texas
* Jim McCanless (born 1936), American football player
* Napoleon Bonaparte McCanless (1851–1920), American businessman, primarily in Salisbury and surrounding Rowan County, North Carolina
# Imbo

Imbo may refer to:
* Imbo natural region, a region of Burundi
* Imbo railway station, a railway station in Russia
* Imbo Ungu, a dialect of the Kaugel language
* Danielle Imbo, an American who disappeared in Philadelphia in 2005
# 2013 Iba local elections

Local elections were held in Iba, Zambales, on May 13, 2013, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, and eight councilors.

## Results

The candidates for mayor and vice mayor with the highest number of votes wins the seat; they are voted separately, therefore, they may be of different parties when elected.
Iba mayoralty election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | SZP | Rundy Ebdane | 9,422 | 52.94 |
| | Liberal | Ad Hebert Deloso | 7,573 | 42.55 |
| | Independent | Lydia Mayormita | 524 | 2.94 |
| | Independent | Victor De Guzman | 280 | 1.57 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 18,878 | 100.00 |
Iba vice mayoralty election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | Benjamin Farin Jr. | 6,210 | 29.09 |
| | Independent | Danny Pamoleras | 4,737 | 27.47 |
| | Liberal | Zaldy Fortin | 2,689 | 15.59 |
| | SZP | Isagani Yap | 2,462 | 14.28 |
| | Lakas | Pancho Reyes Huang | 2,340 | 13.57 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 17,244 | 100.00 |
# Christmas Saves the Year

"Christmas Saves the Year" is a Christmas single by American musical duo Twenty One Pilots, released on December 8, 2020, through Fueled by Ramen. Written and recorded during the COVID-19 pandemic, the song expresses the idea that even in a turbulent year, optimism can still be found in Christmas.

## Background

"Christmas Saves the Year" was written, composed and recorded in lead singer Tyler Joseph's home studio. Twenty One Pilots debuted the track at the end of a Twitch stream in which Joseph played in the Chipotle Challenger Fortnite series tournament to raise money for the Make-A-Wish Foundation, after having teased "a gift" for the viewers of the stream.
Originally reluctant to write a Christmas song, Joseph was inspired as he was "experiencing Christmas through a little girl's perspective", in reference to his eldest daughter, Rosie. The sound of the track was inspired by a musical instrument called the Mellotron.

## Composition

"Christmas Saves the Year" is a lo-fi Christmas song. Joseph wrote the song from the perspective of his "friends who live in some bigger cities that have these small apartments", and are "trying to weigh the options of whether or not they should see their family this year."

## Music video

Following the end of frontman Tyler Joseph's Twitch stream, the song and its visualizer video were released and made available on music-streaming services, and a premiere for the video was placed onto YouTube. The video was directed and animated by Johnny Chew. An official music video for the song was released on December 8, 2021, one year after the song was released, and heavily utilizes claymation. It was directed and animated by Mr. Oz.
Joseph's wife Jenna posted an unofficial music video to her Instagram account on January 15, 2021, showcasing Rosie in the family home.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Christmas Saves the Year" :
| Chart (2020–2021) | Peak position |
| Canada Hot AC (Billboard) | 44 |
| Canada Rock (Billboard) | 44 |
| US Holiday Digital Song Sales (Billboard) | 34 |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 35 |
# 1982 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's 400 metres

The women's 400 metres event at the 1982 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 6–7 March.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Jarmila Kratochvílová Czechoslovakia | Dagmar Rübsam East Germany | Gaby Bußmann West Germany |

## Results
### Heats

First 2 of each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the semifinals.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Jarmila Kratochvílová | Czechoslovakia | 52.54 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Ann-Louise Skoglund | Sweden | 53.09 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Lyudmila Belova | Soviet Union | 53.17 | q |
| 4 | 2 | Taťána Kocembová | Czechoslovakia | 53.55 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Verona Elder | Great Britain | 53.56 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | Gaby Bußmann | West Germany | 53.56 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | Mary Wagner | West Germany | 53.94 | q |
| 8 | 3 | Dagmar Rübsam | East Germany | 53.94 | Q |
| 9 | 3 | Yelena Korban | Soviet Union | 54.14 | |
| 10 | 1 | Elke Decker | West Germany | 54.37 | |
| 11 | 2 | Marie-Christine Champenois | France | 55.01 | |

### Semifinals

First 2 from each semifinal qualified directly (Q) for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Jarmila Kratochvílová | Czechoslovakia | 51.90 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Taťána Kocembová | Czechoslovakia | 52.43 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Dagmar Rübsam | East Germany | 52.73 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Gaby Bußmann | West Germany | 52.85 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Ann-Louise Skoglund | Sweden | 52.85 | |
| 6 | 1 | Mary Wagner | West Germany | 52.89 | |
| 7 | 1 | Verona Elder | Great Britain | 53.00 | |
| 8 | 2 | Lyudmila Belova | Soviet Union | 53.17 | |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 2 | Jarmila Kratochvílová | Czechoslovakia | 49.59 | WR |
| | 3 | Dagmar Rübsam | East Germany | 51.18 | |
| | 1 | Gaby Bußmann | West Germany | 51.57 | NR |
| 4 | 4 | Taťána Kocembová | Czechoslovakia | 51.62 | |
# Kim Hae-sung

Kim Hae-sung (born 12 February 1966) is a South Korean figure skater. She competed in the ladies' singles event at the 1984 Winter Olympics.
Kim was noted as the only female figure skater to qualify for the 1984 Olympics.
# Gormogons

The Ancient Noble Order of the Gormogons was a short-lived 18th century secret society formed by expelled Freemason Philip Wharton. It left no records or accomplishments to indicate its true goal and purpose. From the group's few published articles it is thought that the society's primary objective was to hold up Freemasonry to ridicule. During its brief existence it was accused of being a Jacobite-leaning group, perhaps because the first known Grandmaster (or Oecumenical Volgi) was Andrew Michael Ramsay of Ayr, Scotland, a Jacobite of strong convictions. It also appears to have been a charitable organization, at least according to its surviving bylaws. There are also some surviving pendant badges, bearing their sign.

## Possible etymology of the name

Jonathon Green suggests in Cassell’s Dictionary of Slang that, in the form gormagon, the word is a blend of gorgon and dragon, while the Oxford English Dictionary describes the etymology as "meaningless: pseudo Chinese."
In The 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, the word gormagon was humorously defined thus: "A monster with six eyes, three mouths, four arms, eight legs, five on one side and three on the other, three arses, two tarses [penises], and a **** upon its back." The compiler Francis Grose gave the game away in his dictionary entry by explaining that it was "a man on horseback, with a woman behind him". (His "five legs on one side" description could be merely that the woman was riding side-saddle).
One of the earliest references to the Gormogons was a September 3, 1724 entry in The London Post, which stated that it was founded by a certain Chin-Qua Ky-Po, who was claimed to be the first emperor of China, many thousand years before Adam. In this entry, the order was said to have been brought to London by a "Mandarin", who in turn initiated several "Gentlemen of Honor" into its ranks. Scholars offer differing accounts as to when this order became extinct. For instance, it was proposed that it ended in 1738. Another account maintained that it survived until 1799, when an Act was passed in July 12th of that year suppressing all secret societies with the exemption of Freemasonry.

## In popular culture

The Gormogons have been referenced in the TV show Bones. Beginning with the season 3 premiere, "The Widow's Son in the Windshield", the Jeffersonian team investigated a cannibalistic serial killer they call Gormogon, for his obsession with secret societies and his targeting of the Knights of Columbus.
# Pierluigi Borghetti

Pierluigi Borghetti (born 18 November 1984 in Brescia) is an Italian footballer who plays for Anconitana.

## Biography

Born in Brescia, Lombardy, Borghetti started his professional career at the Province of Brescia team Lumezzane, where he was promoted from its Berretti under-20 team. In July 2005 he joined Serie B club Crotone along with Nicola Ferrari, which he joined in co-ownership deal, from Brescia. In June 2007 Borghetti acquired the remain 50% registration rights. On 2 February 2009 he joined Ternana.
In July 2011 he joined Perugia.

### International career

Borghetti played for Italy U-20 C team in 2004–05 Mirop Cup. He also received a call-up against England C.
# Comoro worm snake

The Comoro worm snake (Madatyphlops comorensis) is a species of snake in the Typhlopidae family. It is endemic to the Comoros, and found only on the islands of Grande Comore and Anjouan.
# Ertan Özkan

Ertan Özkan (born 1 September 1996) is a Turkish athlete. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# Trabzon Telekomspor

Trabzon Telekomspor is a football club in located in Trabzon, Turkey.
The club plays in the Amatör Futbol Ligleri.

## Stadium

Currently the team plays at the 1800 capacity Yavuz Selim Stadyumu.

## Kits

Trabzon Telekomspor plays in white and light-blue kits.

## League participations

* TFF Third League: 1989–2003
* Turkish Regional Amateur League: 2003–?
# Thomas Branker

Thomas Branker (Brancker) (1633–1676) was an English mathematician.

## Life

He was born at Barnstaple in August 1633, the son of another Thomas Brancker, a graduate of Exeter College, Oxford, who was in 1626 a schoolmaster near Ilchester, and about 1630 head-master of the Barnstaple High School. The family originally bore the name of Brouncker. Young Brancker matriculated at his father's college 8 November 1652; proceeded B.A. 15 June 1655, and was elected a probationer fellow of Exeter 30 June 1655, and full fellow 10 July 1656. After taking his master's degree (22 April 1658), he took to preaching, but he refused to conform to the ceremonies of the church of England, and was deprived of his fellowship 4 June 1663.
He then retired to Cheshire, changed his views, and applied for and obtained episcopal ordination. He became a minister at Whitegate, Cheshire, but his reputation as a mathematician reached William Brereton, 3rd Baron Brereton, who gave him the rectory of Tilston, near Malpas, in 1668. He resigned the benefice after a few months, and became head-master of the grammar school at Macclesfield, where he died in November 1676. He was buried in Macclesfield church, and the inscription on his monument states that he was a linguist as well as a mathematician, chemist, and natural philosopher, and that he pursued studies under Robert Boyle.
Around 1665 he married Hannah Meyrick and had four daughters and two sons. The youngest son, Benjamin, became a gold and silversmith in Liverpool and was the grandfather of Peter Whitfield Brancker, Mayor of Liverpool (1801).

## Works

Branker gained his first knowledge of mathematics and chemistry from Peter Sthael of Strasburg, a chemist and Rosicrucian, 'who before 1660 settled in Oxford as a private tutor, at the suggestion of Robert Boyle, and numbered Ralph Bathurst, Christopher Wren, with Branker, Anthony Wood and others among his pupils. Brancker's earliest publication was Doctrinæ Sphæricæ Adumbratio unà cum usu Globorum Artificialium, Oxford, 1662. In 1668 he published a translation of an introduction to algebra from the German of Johann Rahn, and added a factor table for odd numbers up to 100,000. The book was licensed 18 May 1665, but the publication was delayed to enable John Pell to add notes and corrections. John Collins also gave Brancker assistance over the book, and praised it in a letter to James Gregory in 1668. The value of the table and translation is acknowledged in an early paper in the Philosophical Transactions (No. 35, pp. 688–9), and the table and preface were reprinted by Francis Maseres in a volume of mathematical tracts (1795), together with James Bernoulli's Doctrine of Permutations and other papers. Maseres states that John Wallis thought well of Brancker's table, and corrected a few errors in it. A manuscript key to an elaborate cipher in the possession of J. H. Cooke, F.S.A., is attributed to Branker and is described in the Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries for 1877.
# Third Treaty of Prairie du Chien

The Treaty of Prairie du Chien may refer to any of several treaties made and signed in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin between the United States, representatives from the Sioux, Sac and Fox, Menominee, Ioway, Winnebago and the Anishinaabeg (Chippewa, Ottawa and Potawatomi) Native American peoples.
Two treaties were negotiated simultaneously at Prairie du Chien in the summer of 1829, both signed by General John McNeil, Colonel Pierre Menard, and Caleb Atwater for the United States. Both treaties were proclaimed on January 2, 1830.
The second of these, the third Treaty of Prairie du Chien, concluded on August 1, 1829, was made between the United States and representatives of the Winnebago tribe. They also ceded land in northwestern Illinois and southwestern Wisconsin.