OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mercury, Texas

Mercury is an unincorporated community in McCulloch County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 166 in 2000.
The community is situated along FM 502 in northeastern McCulloch County, approximately 22 miles northeast of Brady. It is the community closest to the geometric center of Texas.

## History

The community was founded in 1904, shortly after the arrival of the Fort Worth and Rio Grande Railroad. Mercury became a livestock shipping point and by 1914, had an estimated population of 550. Two major fires in 1919 and 1929 severely impacted the community. In 1938, the struggling community was bypassed by the Brady-Brownwood highway. Mercury continued to decline and the population fell from 489 in 1933 to 360 in 1949. By 2000, the number of inhabitants stood at 166.
Currently there is only one original building standing in the Town of Mercury. It is the Bank Of Mercury building that was built by Thomas Jefferson Beasley in 1903 as a bank and mercantile store. Through the years the building has exchanged hands several times; however, in 2012 the grandson of the original owner, Thomas Lee Beasley purchased the building and is currently trying to preserve the remainder of the building. The only thing that remains of the building are the four outer walls and the vault that Thomas Jefferson Beasley built. It is rumored that the vault has a dome that is filled with sand. Thomas Jefferson's theory was that if someone were to blow the safe, the top would collapse and cover everything in sand. By the time the would-be thieves got to anything, everyone in town would be there to see what was going on.
Public education in the community of Mercury is provided by the Rochelle Independent School District.
# Peter Krause (artist)

Peter Krause is an American illustrator and comic book artist. He is best known for his work on various DC Comics titles, most notably the Superman-related titles and a three-year run on The Power of Shazam! with Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family.

## Biography

Krause, a graduate of the University of Minnesota, is married with three children and currently works as a freelance illustrator. Krause's first published comics work appeared in a DC Comics Bonus Book in Suicide Squad #21 (December 1988). In 2009, Krause returned to comics to collaborate with writer Mark Waid on an independent series entitled Irredeemable for Boom! Studios.
# Agustin Walfredo Castellanos

Agustín Walfredo Castellanos (September 12, 1902 in Havana, Cuba – December 7, 2000, in Miami, Florida) was a physician. Castellanos obtained his Medical Degree from the University of Havana School of Medicine in 1925. He was a pediatrician, radiologist and cardiologist who was a pioneer in the field of angiocardiography.

## History

His initial work was with dogs and cadavers before extending this method to humans. Castellanos and colleagues published the first important paper on the clinical applications of intravenous angiocardiography which was published in the Archivos de la Sociedad de Estudios Clinicos in 1937. This is believed the first publication which dealt with the normal cardiac structure and the changes seen in ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis (Doby, 1976). A year later they pioneered the method of retrograde injection of dye (Perabrodil) into the aorta which was mainly used to diagnose patent ductus arteriosus (Castellanos and Pereira, 1938). Castellanos expanded his work on angiocardiography to include the study of the various congenital malformations of the heart. He also was involved in the development of the procedure known as pneumomediastinum and in multiple investigations involving hematology and infectious diseases.
Castellanos was recognized in Cuba with the establishment at the Children's Hospital in Havana of the Agustín W. Castellanos Foundation for Cardiovascular Research. Internationally he was honored by many societies of pediatric and adult cardiology, radiology and pediatrics. He has been honored in Mexico City with inclusion in the mural honoring the "Great Men of Cardiology" by the famous Mexican artist Diego Rivera located in the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología. Castellanos was twice nominated for the Nobel Prize. In 1959 and 1960, Ecuador and Colombia nominated him for the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology, respectively.
Castellanos immigrated to Miami, Florida, in 1960. He maintained a busy private practice and was a clinical and visiting Professor of Pediatrics at the University Of Miami School Of Medicine, Senior Scientist at the National Children's Cardiac Hospital as well as Acting Chief of Pediatric Cardiology at Variety Children's Hospital. Throughout his career, he authored or coauthored 327 scientific articles.Castellanos died on December 7, 2000, in Miami, Florida.
# Lohn, Texas

Lohn is an unincorporated community in McCulloch County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 149 in 2000.

## Geography

Lohn is located at 31°19′26″N 99°24′36″W﻿ / ﻿31.32389°N 99.41000°W﻿ / 31.32389; -99.41000. It is situated two miles west of U.S. Highway 183, near the junction of Farm Roads 504 and 2635 in northern McCulloch County.

## History

The area was first settled by William F. Lohn and his family in 1879. They were joined by several other German families in 1881. Morgan Stacy built a store in the community and ran the post office when it became operational in 1891. A church and flour mill had opened by 1893. A one-room school house was also constructed that year. When Lohn Central School was completed in 1896, smaller schools in the nearby communities of Cow Creek and Salt Gap were consolidated with it.
Lohn remained a small community well into the early 20th century. In 1914, around 70 people lived in Lohn. The population had quadrupled to 360 by 1931. After peaking, that figure declined to 250 in the 1940s and 100 by the mid-1960s. It recovered slightly in the late 1980s before stabilizing around 150, where it presently remains.

## Education

Public education in the community of Lohn is provided by the Lohn Independent School District. The district consists of a single PK-12 campus, Lohn School that serves Lohn and the surrounding rural areas in northern McCulloch County.

## Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Lohn has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps.
# Pilana Raja Maha Vihara

The Pilana Raja Maha Vihara or Pilana Temple is a Buddhist temple in Galle, Sri Lanka. The chief incumbent is Meepe Wagira Thera. The temple is well known in the southern part of the island for its historical Perahera festival.

## Location

The Pilana Raja Maha Vihara is located in the Galle District, near the Galle–Akuressa Highway (A17), about 11 km (6.8 mi) from Galle. The temple is situated on a small hill surrounded by paddy fields, and is visible from the Galle–Akuressa Highway.
# Riddervold

Riddervold is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Astri Riddervold (1925–2019), Norwegian chemist and ethnologist
* Catharine Riddervold Wernicke (1798–1862), Danish pianist
* Hans Riddervold (1795–1876), Norwegian politician
* Hans Huitfeldt Riddervold (1927–1980), Norwegian businessman
* Hans Julius Riddervold (1901–1986), Norwegian media executive
* Jeppe Riddervold, Danish songwriter and music publisher
* Marianne Riddervold (born 1980), Norwegian orienteer
* Nils Riddervold Jensen (1863–1938), Norwegian educator and politician
# New Future

Ny Framtid, abbreviated NYF (New Future) was a eurosceptic political party in Sweden. It was founded before the 1994 parliamentary elections in an attempt to prevent Sweden from joining the European Union. After Sweden joined the EU, the party changed its political position and declared their goal to get Sweden to leave the EU, and instead creating a deeper co-operation with Norway and Finland, in a movement reminiscent of Scandinavism. In the 2002 parliamentary elections, it received 9,337 votes, making it the tenth largest party outside of the Swedish parliament; it received 1,171 votes in the 2006 elections.
The party has not campaigned in any elections since 2006.

## Policies

* Sweden leaving the European Union
* More job creation
* Lower taxes on fuel so no one would have pay more than 7 SEK for a litre of fuel.
* Strong opposition to discrimination and racism
* Higher pensions for pensioners
* Higher salaries for workers
* Progressive taxation
# Calyciphora homoiodactyla

Calyciphora homoiodactyla is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in France, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Bulgaria, Greece, Russia and Asia Minor.
The larvae feed on Echinops species, including southern globethistle (Echinops ritro).
# Capperia

Capperia is a genus of moths in the family Pterophoridae.

## Species

* Capperia agadirensis
* Capperia bonneaui
* Capperia britanniodactylus
* Capperia browni
* Capperia celeusi
* Capperia evansi
* Capperia fletcheri
* Capperia fusca
* Capperia hellenica
* Capperia irkutica
* Capperia jozana
* Capperia loranus
* Capperia maratonica
* Capperia marginellus
* Capperia meyi
* Capperia ningoris
* Capperia polonica
* Capperia raptor
* Capperia salanga
* Capperia taurica
* Capperia trichodactyla
* Capperia washbourni
* Capperia zelleri
* This article on a moth of subfamily Pterophorinae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Spence Hot Springs

Spence Hot Springs are a group of geothermal springs located north of the town of Jemez Springs, New Mexico, in the Valles Caldera National Preserve.

## Features

The main spring is located on a hillside above the Jemez River, and flows into a sandy bottomed primitive rock soaking pool before cascading into two additional rock pools of different temperatures terraced on the hillside. The middle pool also has an additional water source from a spring inside a cave with a water temperature 100°F/38°C. The lower pool is the coolest of the three at 95°F. There are two more springs with soaking pools 50 feet uphill and an additional spring located 200 more feet uphill.
Due to overuse, the condition of the area has been subjected to considerable resource damage.

## Geology

Spence Hot Springs are located at the edge of a collapsed super volcano, the Valles Caldera, near the Soda Dam.

## Water profile

The water emerges from the upper spring at 109°F; and at 100°F from the spring in the cave. Naegleria Fowleri has been found in the hot spring water, a potentially fatal parasitic amoeba common in warm and springs.
# Territorial Revisionism and the Allies of Germany in the Second World War

Territorial Revisionism and the Allies of Germany in the Second World War: Goals, Expectations, Practices (2012) is a collection of essays on the annexation of territory by the Allies of World War II edited by Marina Cattaruzza, Stefan Dyroff and Dieter Langewiesche. It received generally positive reviews.
# Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, London

Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, London can refer to several Swaminarayan temples located in London, England:
* BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London (locally known as the "Neasden Temple")
* Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, London (Willesden)
* Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, London (Kenton, Harrow)
* Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, London (East London)
* Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, London (Plumstead)
* Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, London (Streatham)
* Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, London (Stanmore) (earlier at Edgware)
* Shri Swaminarayan Manor, London (Gatwick) (at Crawley near London)
# Welsh National and Universal Mining Disaster Memorial Garden

The Welsh National and Universal Mining Disaster Memorial Garden at Senghenydd, Caerphilly, commemorates the 439 men killed in the Senghenydd colliery disaster of 1913, the worst mining accident in British history; the 81 lives lost in an earlier pit explosion at Senghenydd in 1901; and acts as a national memorial to all of the dead of the 152 mining disasters that have occurred in Wales. The garden was opened in 2013, the centenary of the 1913 event. In March 2024 Cadw added the garden to its Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales. Its listing record describes the garden as "an important site of public commemoration and memory".

## History and description

The Universal Colliery at Senghenydd was in operation from 1893 to 1928. An important mine within the South Wales Coalfield, at its peak of production during the First World War it was supplying 10,000 tons of coal a week to fuel the British Grand Fleet based at Scapa Flow. An explosion at the mine in May 1901 saw the deaths of 81 men. An even greater explosion in the mine on 14 October 1913 became the greatest colliery disaster in British mining history, with the loss of 439 men and boys. The subsequent government inquiry, which saw the mine manager fined £24 and the colliery owners £10, caused great bitterness.
A memorial to the Universal Colliery disasters was unveiled on 14 October 1981 at the gates of the Nant-y-Parc Primary School. A second memorial followed in 2006. The National Mining Memorial was unveiled at a ceremony on 14 October 2013, the centenary of the 1913 disaster. The memorial takes the form of a bronze sculpture, by Les Johnson, depicting a miner leading another to safety. The surrounding garden, designed by Stephanie Wilkins, includes a remembrance wall and a memory path commemorating the dead of the 152 mining disasters in Wales. The 521 clay tiles commemorating individual losses were made by Ned Heywood and Julia Land, ceramic artists from Chepstow.
The garden is registered at Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales. At the time of its listing, the then First Minister of Wales Mark Drakeford said, "the legacy of coal is still an essential part of our history. It is only right that a site of such symbolic importance as Wales’ National Mining Memorial receives formal recognition". Cadw's listing record for the site describes it as "an important site of public commemoration and memory".

## Gallery

* Postcard of 1913 showing a funeral procession through Senghenydd
* The 1981 memorial
* The 2006 memorial
* The Welsh National Mining Memorial (2013)
* The remembrance wall
* Part of the path of memory
# John Allan (rugby union, born 1934)

John Lewis Forsyth Allan (born 20 August 1934) is a Scottish former international rugby union player.
A wing three-quarter, Allan played rugby union for Cambridge University, where he read law. He was awarded a blue in the 1956 Varsity Match as one of two Scottish wingers, with Arthur Smith featuring on the right wing.
Allan gained Scotland caps for their final two matches of the 1957 Five Nations, replacing Ian Swan. He made his debut against Ireland at Murrayfield and retained his place against England at Twickenham.
# Three Singles to Adventure

Three Singles to Adventure (American title: Three Tickets to Adventure) is the second book by British naturalist Gerald Durrell about trips collecting animals for zoos. It is the chronicle of a six-month collecting trip in 1950 to the South American country of British Guyana, now Guyana. Adventure was the name of a town.
Animals captured by Durrell in the book include iguanas, anacondas, squirrel monkeys, sloths and an anteater.
Durrell wrote books to pay for his expeditions and, later, his conservation efforts. His first book The Overloaded Ark was a huge success, with its mix of comic exaggeration and serious natural observations, leading him to follow up with other accounts.
# Ernst Loosen

Ernst Loosen is a German winemaker and owner of the wine producer Weingut Dr. Loosen, located just outside Bernkastel in the Mosel wine region. With over 130,000 annual bottle production, he is one of the larger producers in the Mosel region. He is particularly known for the quality of his Rieslings, having won "Riesling of the Year" in 1989 as awarded by the German wine trade magazine Feinschmecker.
In 1996 Ernst took over the historic J.L. Wolf estate, in the Pfalz region of Germany. Now known as Villa Wolf, there he produces Riesling in the style of the Rhine Valley, as well as the several Pinot varieties that are traditional in that area.
In 2001, Gault-Millau named Ernst Loosen as the German winemaker of the year, and in 2005, he got selected as Decanter's "Man of the Year". Weingut Dr. Loosen was awarded three stars in Eichelmann Deutschlands Weine 2009.
Having always had a lifelong passion for Pinot Noir, Ernst met Oregon Winemaker Jay Somers who was making Pinot Noir under the J. Christopher Brand. Later in 2010 Ernst acquired a 40 acre property in the Chehalem Mountains AVA, in Oregon's Northern Willamette Valley where he would partner with J Christopher Wines and constructed the J Christopher Winery and the adjoining Appassionata Vineyard. Over the last decade, J. Christopher has earned international acclaim and was named a Wine & Spirits World Top 100 Winery in 2017. In 2020 Dr. Loosen counted among the top 50 wine destinations worldwide.
# Stuart Island

Stuart Island can refer to a number of different Islands:
* Stuart Island (Washington), one of the San Juan Islands in Washington state, the United States
* Stuart Island (British Columbia), an island in the Discovery Islands of British Columbia, Canada
* Stuart Island, Alaska
* Sikaiana, (formerly called the Stewart Islands) a 2 square kilometres (0.77 square miles) atoll with no safe anchorage in the Solomon Islands 212 kilometres (132 miles) NE of Malaita
* Steward Island, an uninhabited island in King Christian IX Land, at the eastern end of Greenland
# 1930–31 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team

The 1930–31 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1930–31 NCAA men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Louis Menze, who was in his third season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the State Gymnasium in Ames, Iowa.
They finished the season 8–8, 4–6 in Big Six play to finish in fifth place.

## Schedule and results

| Date time, TV | Opponent$^#$ | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| Regular season ||||||
| December 19, 1930* | Simpson | W 39–12 | 1–0 | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| December 31, 1930* 7:30 pm | at Drake Iowa Big Four | W 17–16 | 2–0 | Drake Fieldhouse Des Moines, Iowa |
| January 5, 1931* | at Minnesota | L 17–29 | 2–1 | Minnesota Fieldhouse Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| January 10, 1931 7:30 pm | Oklahoma | W 35–25 | 3–1 (1–0) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| January 17, 1931 | at Missouri | L 18–20 | 3–2 (1–1) | Brewer Fieldhouse Columbia, Missouri |
| January 22, 1931 | Kansas | L 27–34 | 3–3 (1–2) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| January 24, 1931* | at Creighton | L 16–44 | 3–4 | University Gym Omaha, Nebraska |
| January 30, 1931 | at Kansas State | W 41–36 | 4–4 (2–2) | Nichols Hall Manhattan, Kansas |
| January 31, 1931 | at Nebraska | L 19–31 | 4–5 (2–3) | Nebraska Coliseum Lincoln, Nebraska |
| February 5, 1931 | Missouri | W 29–19 | 5–5 (3–3) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| February 10, 1931* 7:45 pm | at Drake Iowa Big Four | W 23–20 | 6–5 | Drake Fieldhouse Des Moines, Iowa |
| February 13, 1931 | Kansas State | L 24–38 | 6–6 (3–4) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| February 16, 1931 | Nebraska | W 42–28 | 7–6 (4–4) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| February 21, 1931 | at Oklahoma | L 21–26 | 7–7 (4–5) | OU Field House Norman, Oklahoma |
| February 23, 1931 | at Kansas | L 16–27 | 7–8 (4–6) | Hoch Auditorium Lawrence, Kansas |
| February 26, 1931* | Drake Iowa Big Four | W 39–21 | 8–8 | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| *Non-conference game. $^#$Rankings from AP poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. All times are in Central Time. ||||||
# Wormwood Street

Wormwood Street is a short street in the City of London which runs between London Wall at its western end and a junction with Bishopsgate and Camomile Street in the east. It is a dual carriageway which forms part of the A1211 route between Barbican and Whitechapel.
The nearest London Underground stations to Wormwood Street are Liverpool Street and Moorgate. It is within the London congestion charge zone. The postcode for the street is EC2.

## Etymology

The name of the street refers to a plant called wormwood which used to grow on the London Wall and in other areas of wasteland in the City. Wormwood Street's course follows the line of a sector of the original city wall, the wall forming the rear of the buildings on the north side of the street.

## History

It escaped destruction in the Great Fire of 1666 but had to be extensively redeveloped after suffering severe damage in the 1993 Bishopsgate bombing. The bomb exploded on Bishopsgate near its junction with Wormwood Street.
Archaeological investigations by the Museum of London Archaeology Service undertaken during the reconstruction after the bombing discovered a coin in the remains of London Wall that led to the date of construction to be reappraised to preceding the year 180.
# Pteraster militaris

Pteraster militaris, the wrinkled star, is a species of starfish in the family Pterasteridae. It is found in the northern Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, the Barents Sea, and the northern Atlantic Ocean.

## Description

Pteraster militaris is a robust starfish with a wide disc, a large central pore and five short, wrinkled, triangular arms. The aboral (upper) surface is dotted with papulae, each topped with four short spines and above this is a papery covering giving the starfish an inflated, bulky appearance. It grows to a diameter of 85 millimetres (3.3 in) and is usually orange, pale yellow or white, sometimes with red tips to its arms.

## Distribution

Pteraster militaris is found in rocky habitats in water down to a depth of 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) in the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Sea, the north west Pacific Ocean as far south as Oregon, the Barents Sea and the north east and north west Atlantic Ocean.

## Biology

Pteraster militaris feeds on various species of sponge including the cloud sponge (Aphrocallistes vastus) and the white reticulated sponge (Iophon cheliferum) and also on hydrozoans such as the pink branching hydrocoral (Stylaster norvigicus) and the purple encrusting hydrocoral (Stylantheca).
Pteraster militaris is unusual among starfishes in that it broods some of its young. About forty fertilised eggs are retained in the water-filled chamber below its papery outer skin and these develop into juveniles that may reach 1 cm (0.4 in) across before they make their way out through the central pore. Eggs that are too numerous to be brooded are released direct into the sea where they become planktonic larvae. The brooded juveniles seem to behave as ectoparasites of the female, feeding on maternal tissues in the brood chamber. They may also eat dead embryos, faecal material and mucus.
# Jan Šrámek

Jan Šrámek (11 August 1870 – 22 April 1956) was the prime minister of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile from 21 July 1940 to 5 April 1945. He was the first chairman of the Czechoslovak People's Party and was a Monsignor in the Catholic church.
From 1945 on Czechoslovakia was ruled by the Communist-dominated National Front which also included Šrámek's People's Party. Šrámek and the rest of his coalition worried about the increasing role of the Communist Party. In 1947, the popular support for the Communists started to diminish. To consolidate power, the Communists carried out a coup in February 1948. Šrámek had to resign as the chairman of the People's Party. His successor, Rostislav Petr, and Josef Plojhar, a "strong man" in the People's Party, were fellow travelers who supported unconditional collaboration with the Communists.