OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Air chief marshal (India)

Air chief marshal is a four-star air officer rank in the Indian Air Force. It is the highest active rank in the Indian Air Force. Air chief marshal ranks above the three-star rank of air marshal and below the five-star rank of Marshal of the Indian Air Force, which is largely a war-time or ceremonial rank.
The rank is held by the Chief of the Air Staff, the professional head of the Indian Air Force. The rank may also be held by the Chief of Defence Staff when the holder is a serving Indian Air Force officer.

## Rank holders

The current and only air chief marshal in the Indian Armed Forces is the Chief of the Air Staff (CAS). The equivalent rank in the Indian Army is general and in the Indian Navy is admiral.

## History

The Indian Air Force inherited the rank of air chief marshal from the RAF. While the RAF air officers in command of RAF India were normally of a lower rank, Sir Edgar Ludlow-Hewitt was promoted to the rank in 1937, towards the end of his tenure as Air Officer Commanding RAF India. Additionally, at the height of World War II, Sir Richard Peirse, the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of RAF India was also promoted to the rank.
After India gained independence, the Royal Indian Air Force and then Indian Air Force, continued to use the rank on paper. The rank of the Chief of the Air Staff was upgraded from air marshal to Air Chief Marshal in 1966. The first IAF officer to hold this rank was Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh (later promoted to the five-star rank of marshal of the Indian Air Force) who was promoted to the rank in 1966 while he served as the Chief of the Air Staff. Post 1966, all the air chiefs have held the rank.

## Insignia

The flag of an Air chief marshal is sky blue with the national flag in the canton, the roundel in lower fly, and the Indian Air Force badge in upper fly. The badges of rank consist of three sky blue bands (each on a slightly wider navy blue band) over a sky blue band on a navy blue broad band. An air chief marshal wears gorget patches which are blue patches with four white stars and additional oak leaves under them. In addition to this, the blue grey terrywool tunic has four sleeve stripes consisting of a broad band with three narrower bands.

## Appointment and term length

Appointments to the office of Chief of the Air Staff are made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, which is chaired by the Prime Minister of India.
The term length of the Chief of the Air Staff is three years or until the age of 62 of the holder, whichever is earlier.

## Order of precedence

An air chief marshal ranks at number 12 on the Indian order of precedence, along with the CDS and the chiefs of staff of the Indian Army and Indian Navy (the COAS and the CNS). An air chief marshal is at pay level 18, equivalent to Cabinet Secretary of India (at number 11 on the warrant of precedence), with a monthly pay of ₹250,000 (US$3,500).
# St Mary's Church, Lowdham

St Mary's Church is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in Lowdham.

## History

The church dates from the 13th century but was restored in 1860 by Scott. The spire was repaired in 1883 and the chancel restored in 1890.
It is part of a joint parish with:
* St Aidan's Church, Caythorpe
* St John the Baptist's Church, Gunthorpe

## Memorials

* Sir John de Lowdham 1318, reclining cross legged effigy clad in chain mail.
* Charles Broughton, slate tablets
* Petri Broughton, 1695, east wall

## Organ

The small 2 manual 12 stop pipe organ is by Charles Lloyd, and it was rebuilt in 1963 by Cousins of Lincoln. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.
# Xuso Jones

Jesús Segovia Pérez (born 16 June 1989), better known by his stage name Xuso Jones, is a Spanish singer and composer.

## Biography

He became popular through social media doing covers to other artists and sharing original songs. He recorded a video of himself singing his order from the car in the drive-through of a McDonald's restaurant. The video became a viral hit on YouTube, and the company hired him for a Big Mac spot.
After this he went to Los Angeles where he recorded three singles and a music video. "Buy the DJ a round" took him to the number 5 on iTunes Spain. "Celebrating Life" was the second single (he would include them both on Part 1, his first studio album). He was nominated for Best Spanish New Artist on the 2012 edition of Los Premios 40 Principales, losing out to Auryn.
Xuso served as the warm-up act for Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez in Spain. In 2013-2014, he participated in the third season of Spanish TV show Tu cara me suena imitating Shawn Mendes, where famous artists have to impersonate iconic singers on stage.
On 19 May 2015, Xuso released his second studio album, Vuela.
On 29 December 2015, Xuso was announced as one of the six candidates to represent Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016. He took part in the televised national final organised by TVE with "Victorious", a song composed by Andreas Öhrn, Peter Boström and Chris Wahle. He came 2nd with 94 points, 20 from winning and going to Eurovision.
In September 2018 he participated in the cooking show MasterChef Celebrity. He was the second contestant to be eliminated.

## Discography
### Albums

| Year | Title | Information | Spain ESP |
| 2013 | Part 1 | Released: 2013 Universal Music Group | 18 |
| 2015 | Vuela | Released: 19 May 2015 Concert Music Entertainment | 13 |

### Singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions :
| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Year | Title | ESP | Album |
| 2012 | "Buy the DJ a Round" | 17 | Part 1 |
| 2012 | "Celebrating Life" | — | Part 1 |
| 2013 | "Turn On the Radio" | 38 | Part 1 |
| 2013 | "Megaphone" | 41 | Non-album single |
| 2014 | "Todo lo que tengo" | 20 | Vuela |
| 2015 | "Somos" | — | Vuela |
| 2016 | "Victorious" | — | Non-album single |
| 2018 | "Como Yo" (feat. Danny Romero) | — | Non-album single |

### Soundtracks

| Year | Title | Film/TV series |
| 2013 | "Nada es imposible" | Descubre con Tadeo |
| 2013 | "Gru, mi villano favorito" | Despicable Me 2 (Spanish issue) |

## Awards

* Los Premios 40 Principales 2012 - Nominated for Best Spanish New Artist
* Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards 2014 - Nominated for Best Spanish Artist
# Kankoyo

Kankoyo is a township in Mufulira District of Copperbelt Province in Zambia. The settlement is located next to the Mufulira copper mine and is heavily polluted by sulphur dioxide emissions from the mine. It is located in a constituency of the same name.
# TI-12 Math Explorer

The TI-12 Math Explorer is an educational calculator designed for primary school students. The Math Explorer slotted above the TI-7 MathMate by offering fraction and exponent capabilities, as well as a pi button.
The Math Explorer has since been discontinued and was replaced by the two-line TI-15 Explorer.
* This microcomputer- or microprocessor-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Inside of a Dog

Inside of a Dog: What Dogs See, Smell, and Know is a book written by cognitive scientist, Alexandra Horowitz. Horowitz walks the reader through the cognitive process of dogs in relation to how they perceive their day-to-day activities. The author explains the animal's cognitive abilities, and allows the reader insight into what it might be like to be a dog. The book also contains a brief interview with the author.
Horowitz' approach is based on biosemiotic theory of Jakob von Uexküll on umwelten or the subjective worlds of animals. She writes about revolutionary impact of Uexküll to animal behaviour studies: "anyone who wants to understand the life of an animal must begin by considering what he called their umwelt: their subjective or 'self-world'" (Horowitz 2010, p. 20).

## Author

Alexandra Horowitz lives in New York with her husband and son. She has a B.A. in philosophy from the University of Pennsylvania and a Ph.D. in cognitive science from the University of California, San Diego. Before her scientific career, Horowitz worked as a lexicographer at Merrian-Webster and served on the staff of The New Yorker. Horowitz presently teaches psychology at Barnard College, Columbia University. Since Inside of a Dog was published in 2009, she has written four additional books for general readers.

## Honors

Inside of a Dog has been extensively reviewed, was Number 1 on the New York Times bestseller list, and remained on the list for 64 weeks.
# Johannes Voggenhuber

Johannes Voggenhuber (born 5 June 1950) is an Austrian politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Austrian Green Party, which is part of the European Greens. He was vice president of the Parliament's Constitutional Affairs Committee.
From 1982 to 1987, he was member of the city council in Salzburg. From 1988 to 1992, he was federal spokesman for the Austrian Greens, and between 1990 and 1996, Member of the National Council of Austria (Nationalrat). From 1995 to 2009 he was Member of the European Parliament.
He is married and has two children.
# Gasoline Rainbow

Gasoline Rainbow is a 2023 American independent drama film written, directed, shot, and edited by the Ross brothers. It stars Tony Abuerto, Micah Bunch, Nichole Dukes, Nathaly Garcia and Makai Garza.
Gasoline Rainbow had its world premiere at the 80th Venice International Film Festival on September 7, 2023. The film was released in select cinemas on May 10, 2024 before streaming on Mubi on May 31, 2024.

## Plot

Five Gen Z teenagers, after the end of their school years, embark on one last adventure to the Pacific Coast, making memories and meeting new people along the way.

## Cast

* Tony Abuerto
* Micah Bunch
* Nichole Dukes
* Nathaly Garcia
* Makai Garza

## Production

Production took place in late 2021.

## Release

The film had its world premiere at the 80th Venice International Film Festival in the Orizzonti section. Prior to that, Mubi, who produced and financed the film, acquired distribution rights to the film. The film was also screened at South by Southwest and the First Look Festival at the Museum of the Moving Image in March 2024.
Gasoline Rainbow had a limited theatrical release in the United States on May 10, 2024, followed by a streaming release on Mubi three weeks later on May 31, 2024.

## Reception
### Critical response

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 93% of 44 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gasoline Rainbow takes an honest look at adolescence and - befitting its title - finds arresting beauty in incongruous and unexpected places." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 80 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.

### Accolades

The film won the Audience Award at 2024 Luxembourg City Film Festival.
# Olney interpretation

The Olney interpretation (also known as the Olney corollary or Olney declaration) was United States Secretary of State Richard Olney's interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine. During a border dispute between British Guiana and Venezuela, Olney claimed in 1895 that the Monroe Doctrine gave the United States authority to mediate border disputes in the Western Hemisphere. He extended the meaning of the Monroe Doctrine, which had previously stated merely that the Western Hemisphere was closed to additional European colonization: "Today the United States is practically sovereign on this continent and its fiat is law upon the subjects to which it confines its interposition...
The border dispute was settled by arbitration in 1897, and the Olney interpretation was defunct by 1933.
# Office of the e-Envoy

The Office of the e-Envoy was set up by the British government of Prime Minister Tony Blair in 1999 and was replaced by the E-Government Unit in September 2004.
The first e-Envoy was Alex Allan. He was succeeded by Andrew Pinder in October 2000 until the office closed in September 2004.
Its staffing level was between 50 and 140 people.

## Government Gateway

This flagship project of putting all government departments online by 2002 and enabling people to conduct a wide variety of routine transactions, from paying taxes to obtaining driving licences, via the internet by 2005 was announced by Microsoft on 27 March 2001 who, in just 15 weeks, had "brought Tony Blair's ambitious e-government vision to reality". The tight timescale was due to Compaq withdrawing from the project after four months for which they received £5.6 million.
The project was billed at £15.6 million and involved licensing some of the UK government's intellectual property to Microsoft to be sold on as part of their product to other governments around the world and return significant income streams.
The result was widely criticised because the digital certificate system, central to the project, locked out all other browsers except Microsoft's own Internet Explorer.
The e-Envoy responded by explaining that the priority was to make it available to as many people as possible as quickly as possible, and that the only part of the system that was limited was the ability for citizens and businesses to enrol for services. But, "Once enrolled, they can submit transactions from any operating system, since XML - the language used - is totally platform independent."
# Konstantin Borisov

Konstantin Sergeyevich Borisov (Russian: Константин Сергеевич Борисов; born 14 August 1984 in Smolensk) is a Russian cosmonaut. He flew on the SpaceX Crew-7 mission that launched on August 26, 2023, serving as flight engineer on Expedition 69/70 to the International Space Station.

## Biography

He has received a Bachelor of Economics from the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics on June 27, 2007. From September 27, 2006 to December 3, 2007, he studied at University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, where he received his Master of Science in "Operations Research and Systems Analysis". In June 2018, he completed his studies at the Moscow Aviation Institute on the Master Program Life Support Systems for Aircraft (2016-2018), with the qualification "Master" in the direction of Aircraft Building.
Borisov was selected as a cosmonaut in 2018, along with seven others, he passed the state exam in December 2020 to be qualified for spaceflight assignments.

## Spaceflight

Borisov was assigned to the SpaceX Crew-7 mission, which launched on August 26, 2023. He served as a flight engineer on Expedition 69/70. On March 12, 2024, the mission landed off the coast of Florida after spending 199 days in space and orbiting the Earth 3,184 times.
# Harry C. Browne

Harry Clinton Browne (August 18, 1878 – November 15, 1954) was an American banjo player and actor. He appeared on stage and in silent films and recorded for Columbia Records in the 1910s and 1920s.

## Biography

Browne was born in 1878 in North Adams, Massachusetts. Before his acting career, he served in the Second Massachusetts U.S. Volunteers during the Spanish–American War and had a brief career campaigning for the Democratic Party. William Jennings Bryan, then the Secretary of State, offered Browne a diplomatic position in February 1914 but the latter declined. Browne later worked for a stock company as an actor, casting him in plays such as Arizona and Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm in the early 1900s.
A skilled banjo player, Browne performed in vaudeville for seven years before recording a series of songs for Columbia Records, starting in 1916. His first record, perhaps his most well-known, is a re-interpretation of the American folk song "Turkey in the Straw". Released in March 1916, Browne appropriated the standard as a coon song re-titled "Nigger Love a Watermelon, Ha! Ha! Ha!". It is commonly referred to as one of the most racist songs in American music. The song relied heavily on the watermelon stereotype, a belief popularized in the 19th century that African-Americans had an unusual appetite for watermelons. For the B-side, Browne chose to record the minstrel show favorite "Old Dan Tucker", marking the tune's first commercial appearance on a major label.
Between 1906 and 1925, Browne appeared in at least 14 Broadway shows, including Oh, Lady! Lady!! His feature length film debut is believed to have been in August 1914 with the release of The Eagle's Mate, although he appeared in a number of shorter films before that. During his acting career, Browne had roles in notable films such as The Unwelcome Mrs. Hatch, The Heart of Jennifer, and Closed Doors. Afterwards, he worked as an announcer and production director for CBS radio, a position he resigned from in 1931.
Browne died in 1954, aged 76.

## Selected filmography

    Source: IMDb
* The Eagle's Mate (1914) as Fisher Morne
* The Heart of Jennifer (1915) as Stephen Weldon
* The Flower of No Man's Land (1916) as Big Bill
* The Big Sister (1916) as Rodney Channing
* Scandal (1917) as Pelham Franklin
* The Inn of the Blue Moon (1918) as Warde MacMahon
* The Battler (1919) as Duncan Hart
* Know Your Men (1921) as John Barrett
* Closed Doors (1921) as Jim Ranson
* Moral Fibre (1921) as George Elmore
# Kate Michelman

Kate Michelman (born August 4, 1942) is an American political activist. She is best known for her work in the United States abortion rights movement, particularly as a long-time president of NARAL Pro-Choice America.

## Career

From 1985 to 2004, Michelman served as president of NARAL, a major abortion rights advocacy organization in the United States.
Following her departure from NARAL, she worked as a political consultant and published her memoir, With Liberty and Justice for All: A Life Spent Protecting the Right to Choose, with Hudson Street Press in 2006. She also testified against Supreme Court justices Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas at their confirmation hearings. In 2003, Michelman was named on the PoliticsPA list of "Pennsylvania's Most Politically Powered Women."
In 2012, she and Carol Tracy were selected to be co-chairs of WomenVotePA, a nonpartisan political campaign focused on raising women voter turnout in the state of Pennsylvania and advancing the idea that women's health, economic security, and personal safety are at stake in every election.

## Personal life

Michelman is married with several children. She left her career as a political consultant to care for one of her daughters, after her daughter was paralyzed in a horse-riding accident in 2002, and for her husband, who was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Due to problems with their health insurance, Michelman's family faced large hospital bills, particularly after her husband fractured his hip in a fall. Michelman stated that because of her family's mounting health care bills, her family had "literally fallen from the middle-class to potentially having nothing." Her husband's assisted living bills totaled $9,000 a month and Michelman was forced to cash in her I.R.A. to help pay for her daughter's health care costs.
# Akai MPK 88

The AKAI MPK 88 (Music Production Keyboard) is a hammer-action, 88-key MIDI controller keyboard released by Akai in November 2009. It is the only MIDI controller in the MPK series to feature hammer-weighted keys.
It can be connected to a computer via a bus-powered USB port, or with traditional MIDI cables (in which case an external power adapter is required).

## Controls and features

The MPK88 features the following customizable controls:
* 8 short-travel faders: the minimum and maximum range of these faders can be adjusted for more precise control of certain MIDI data types.
* 8 continuous encoders/knobs: the minimum and maximum range of these faders can be adjusted for more precise control of certain MIDI data types.
* 8 buttons: these can operate as a momentary switch, or as a toggle switch to turn a MIDI control code (such as Sustain) on or off. They can also be assigned to functions within a sequencer or DAW.
* 16 velocity-sensitive pads: these are modeled after the traditional MPC-style pads and by default are set up to trigger different MIDI notes that would correspond to different samples loaded inside the user's sequencer software. The pads also support channel aftertouch, where if a pad is held down after the initial strike, the player can adjust the amount of pressure on the pad to produce a variety of different effects. When the Note Repeat function is active while holding the pad down, the sample will play back repeatedly according to the time division set.
* Modulation and Pitchbend wheels: the modwheel can be reassigned to a different controller event.
* Dedicated sequencer/DAW remote buttons: these can be set up to use MIDI, MMC, or both.
As most other controllers in the MPK series, the MPK88 also has a built-in arpeggiator, with the 8 buttons acting as the time division for the beat. When this is active, user-programmed settings for the 8 buttons are ignored.

## Editing parameters

All of the MPK's controls (with the exception of the pitch-bend wheel) are programmable by the user. These settings can be saved and recalled from up to 30 unique presets. Additionally, there are 4 unique parameter banks for the pads, and 3 parameter banks for the faders, knobs, and buttons.
Editing parameters can be done either on the controller itself, or with the Vyzex MPK preset editor software, which can be downloaded from Akai's website.
# Rawlins Township, Illinois

Rawlins Township is one of 23 townships in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 455 and it contained 189 housing units. It was formed as Grant Township from West Galena Township on July 12, 1887; its name changed to Rawlins Township on December 20, 1887 in honor of Galena resident John Aaron Rawlins.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 11.73 square miles (30.4 km$^2$), all land.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Galena

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 20
* Illinois Route 84

## School districts

* Galena Unit School District 120

## Political districts

* Illinois' 16th congressional district
* State House District 89
* State Senate District 45
# Talis pulcherrimus

Talis pulcherrimus is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Russia.
# Telphusa hemicycla

Telphusa hemicycla is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Paraguay.