OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2015 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election

A presidential election was scheduled to be held on 20 September 2015 to elect the next president of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan for a new 3-year term. Incumbent president Shinzo Abe was running for re-election.
As no other candidates besides Abe received enough nominations to contest the position, Abe was declared re-elected on 8 September 2015 without a vote.

## Candidate

The presidential election was scheduled to be held on 20 September 2015. However, there were no candidates other than the incumbent Shinzo Abe. Abe was therefore declared re-elected without a vote on 8 September 2015.
In addition to Abe, Seiko Noda, a former member of the Liberal Democratic Party's General Affairs Council, expressed her willingness to run, but failed to attract 20 endorsements and announced on the announcement day that she would give up running.

### Nominated

| Candidate(s) | Candidate(s) | Date of birth | Notable positions | Party faction(s) | District(s) |
| Shinzo Abe | | (1954-09-21)21 September 1954 (age 60) | President of the LDP (2006–2007, since 2012) Prime Minister (2006–2007, since 2012) Member of the House of Representatives (since 1993) Chief Cabinet Secretary (2005–2006) | None | Yamaguchi 4th |

### Expressed intention but did not have enough votes for nomination

* Seiko Noda.
* Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy Seiko Noda (2008–2009)

### Supporters

List of Supporters :
| Candidates | Shinzo Abe |
| Leader of Supporters | Takeo Kawamura |
| Supporters | Yoshitami KameokaJunji SuzukiRyū ShionoyaNaomi TokashikiKenji WakamiyaMinoru TeradaNoriko MiyagawaHiroshi MoriyamaHiromichi KumadaKeitaro OhnoKen SaitōYasuhiro OzatoTakamori YoshikawaEmiko TakashinaYuhei YamashitaYoshihiko IsozakiYaichi NakaharaYusuke NakanishiMichiko Ueno |

## Results

Abe was re-elected without a vote.
# Torre Grosso

Torre Grosso is a frazione of the comune of Castel Ritaldi in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 319 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 85 inhabitants.
# Christina Warren

Christina Warren (born November 12, 1982), is an American developer advocate, podcaster, and writer. She wrote for Mashable, The Unofficial Apple Weblog, and Downloadsquad.

## Work

Warren began her career as a freelance writer for USA Today in 2007, where she wrote about American Idol as an "Idol Coach". In 2009, she wrote for The Unofficial Apple Weblog and DownloadSquad.com. She was a co-host on the DownloadSquad's show, The Squadcast.
In 2009, Warren joined Mashable as a staff writer focusing on Apple, mobile tech and products.
In 2014, she appeared on CNN to discuss the Ebola outbreak and the role of social media in sharing information related to the epidemic.
In August 2016, Warren had left Mashable to join Gizmodo "as senior technology writer, a role that will see her as a marquis [sic] voice in defining Gizmodo's point of view on the major stories of the day".
She is a co-host of multiple podcast shows covering popular culture and technology. She co-hosts the technology-focused show Rocket on the Relay FM podcast network alongside Brianna Wu and Simone de Rochefort. In 2014, she started the Overtired podcast with Brett Terpstra on the Electronic Shadow Network. Warren has interviewed many well-known members of the tech industry including Fred Wilson, venture capitalist and Jony Ive, Chief Design Officer at Apple Inc.
In August 2016, Warren starred in a music video by the indie rock band Airplane Mode.
As of May 22, 2017, she was working for Microsoft as a Senior Cloud Developer Advocate where she, among other things, hosted This Week in Channel 9.
In March 2022, Christina moved to GitHub as a Senior Developer Advocate.

## Personal life

Born in Lawrenceville, Georgia on November 12, 1982, Christina Warren currently resides in Seattle, Washington with her husband, Grant.
# Peridium

The peridium is the protective layer that encloses a mass of spores in fungi. This outer covering is a distinctive feature of gasteroid fungi.

## Description

Depending on the species, the peridium may vary from being paper-thin to thick and rubbery or even hard. Typically, peridia consist of one to three layers. If there is only a single layer, it is called a peridium. If two layers are present, the outer layer is called the exoperidium and the inner layer the endoperidium. If three layers are present, they are the exoperidium, the mesoperidium and the endoperidium.
In the simplest subterranean forms, the peridium remains closed until the spores are mature, and even then shows no special arrangement for dehiscence or opening, but has to decay before the spores are liberated.

### Puffballs

For most fungi, the peridium is ornamented with scales or spines. In species that become raised above ground during their development, generally known as the "puffballs", the peridium is usually differentiated into two or more layers, where the outer layer is usually resolved into warts or spines. In contrast, the inner layer remains continuous and smooth to preserve the spores. Sometimes, as in the case of Geaster, the number of layers is greater, and the exoperidium eventually splits from the apexes into a variable number of pointed portions. However, the inner layer remains intact by a definite aperture at the apex.

### Earthballs

In contrast, earthball fungi generally have only one peridium, which is 3–9 cm across. This lone peridium is generally rigid and rindlike; it is white when sectioned but pink if fresh. The surface varies from yellow brown to dingy yellow, and is arranged into scales.

## Usage

The peridium is often given a specific name in particular species of fungi. For example, the peridium of mushrooms of the genus Amanita is called a volva. The peridium can also refer to the outer "nest" of a bird's-nest fungus.
# Yves Duhaime

Yves Duhaime (born May 27, 1939) is a former politician in Quebec, Canada. He served as Cabinet Member and Member of the National Assembly of Quebec.

## Early life

Duhaime was born in Chicoutimi, and grew up in Shawinigan.
In the 1960s, Duhaime was an officer with the 62nd (Shawinigan) Field Artillery Regiment. He reached the rank of Captain and served as Adjutant of the military unit.
He attended Séminaire Sainte-Marie and obtained a law degree from McGill University in Montreal and attended the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris.

## Provincial politics

Duhaime ran as a Parti Québécois candidate in 1970, 1973 and 1976 in the district of Saint-Maurice. He was elected on his third attempt.
Premier René Lévesque appointed him to the Cabinet. Duhaime served as Minister of Tourism during his first term.
He was re-elected in 1981; he served as Minister of Energy from 1981 to 1984 and Minister of Finance from 1984 to 1985.
He did not run in 1985.

## Federal politics

Duhaime was a candidate to the Bloc Québécois Leadership Convention of 1997 but finished second behind Gilles Duceppe. He also ran as a BQ candidate in the district of Saint-Maurice against the incumbent Member of Parliament and Prime Minister Jean Chrétien. Chrétien won re-election with 47%. Duhaime finished a strong second with 44%.

## Local politics

Yves Duhaime ran for Mayor of Shawinigan in 2009. He finished second with 29% of the vote against organized labor activist Michel Angers (55%) and Ralliement Municipal candidate Claude Villemure (16%).
# Raymond Scardin

Raymond Scardin (12 April 1924 – 6 December 2009) was a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1952 Tour de France.
# Luigi Ossola

Luigi Ossola (June 9, 1938 – July 7, 2018) was an Italian professional football player.
He played for 4 seasons (76 games, 7 goals) in the Serie A for A.S. Varese 1910 and A.S. Roma.
His younger brother Aldo Ossola was a very successful basketball player.
# Roll way

A roll way or running pad is the pad placed on a concrete slab or on the ties on the outside of the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) conventional track along both running rails of a rubber-tyred metro or along the unconventional track of a tram. The rubber-tyred wheels roll directly on the roll ways.
* With a conventional track:
** The ones of the Montreal Metro are precast concrete on a concrete slab.
** The ones of the Paris Métro are H-steel on ties.
** The ones of the Mexico City Metro are H-steel.
** The ones of the Santiago Metro are precast concrete below ground and H-steel above ground.
** The ones of the Lausanne Métro Line M2 are H-steel.
** The ones of the Lyon Metro (lines A, B and D) are H-steel.
* Without a conventional track:
** The ones of the Lille Metro are precast concrete.
** The ones of the Toulouse Metro are precast concrete.
** The ones of the Sapporo Municipal Subway are flat steel with a central guide rail.
** Busan Subway Line 4 runs directly on a concrete slab between guide bars.
** Many people mover systems, such as Crystal Mover, run directly on concrete slabs or other surfaces between guide bars.
** Some guided buses, rubber-tyred trams, such as Translohr and Bombardier Guided Light Transit, use concrete slabs while being guided by a single central rail.

## Gallery

* View of a track from a sand drag, in the Montreal Metro near the Beaugrand Station, showing the cross-section of guide bars, precast concrete roll ways and conventional track
* Lausanne Métro Line M2, showing the angle iron guide bars and the I-beam roll ways as well as bumper posts
* Lille Metro line 1 near Quatre Cantons Workshop, the absence of conventional rail for guidance at junctions is compensated by a central stub guide rail.
# RAF Kalyan

RAF Kalyan was a Royal Air Force station located at Nevali village 6 km south of Kalyan, operational during World War II in British India. It was built by converting the existing Kalyan Airstrip for military use. Several Fighter Squadrons and support units were stationed at Kalyan from 1942 to 1947. The field was abandoned after the war.
| Unit | Dates | Aircraft |
| No. 20 Squadron RAF | 1945–1946 | Supermarine Spitfire, Hawker Tempest |
| No. 110 Squadron RAF | March 1942 | Vultee Vengeance, de Havilland Mosquito |
| No. 7110 Servicing Echelon | 30 Sep – 6 Oct 1944 | |
| No. 3 Mobile Parachute Servicing Unit | 1945 – Jan 1946 | |
| No 129 Staging post | 31 Jan – 7 Apr 1945 | |

## Current use

The two abandoned runways have been encroached upon by local population and now host dirt roads serving nearby villages. The southern end of the site now hosts a research and development laboratory of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).
# Wing and a Prayer Fife and Drum Corps

Wing and a Prayer Fife and Drum Corps was an American disco group in existence from 1975 to 1978. The assemblage of studio musicians (which, contrary to its name, had no fife players) were put together by Harold Wheeler; the group's vocalists were Linda November, Vivian Cherry, Arlene Martell, and Helen Miles.
Their 1976 album, Babyface, hit No. 47 on the US pop album chart and No. 19 on the R&B Albums chart, due to the success of the single, "Baby Face". It had previously reached No. 1 for Jan Garber in 1926 and Art Mooney in 1948. The single went to No. 2 (for two weeks) on the US Club Play chart, No. 6 AC, No. 32 US Billboard R&B Singles, and No. 14 on the Billboard Hot 100. In Canada the song reached No. 8, and was No. 98 in the top 200 of the year. The single also reached No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart, No. 12 in the Dutch Top 40 and number 57 in Australia.

## Discography
### Studio albums

List of albums, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | US | AUS |
| Babyface | Released: 1976 Label: Atlantic | 47 | 98 |
| Babyface Strikes Back | Released: 1977 Label: Atlantic | - | - |
# Tourelle

Tourelle may refer to:
* Tourelle (architecture), a type of turret
* Tourelle, Quebec, a former municipality that is now part of Sainte-Anne-des-Monts, Quebec
# Phonorecord

A phonorecord is defined by the United States Copyright Act of 1976 to be a material object that embodies sounds (other than those accompanying audio-visual recordings such as movies).
From the Copyright Act: “Phonorecords” are material objects in which sounds, other than those accompanying a motion picture or other audiovisual work, are fixed by any method now known or later developed, and from which the sounds can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. The term “phonorecords” includes the material object in which the sounds are first fixed.
For example: all of the following are "phonorecords" under the law: A wire recording; a 16-rpm, 33-rpm, 45-rpm or 78-rpm phonograph record (vinyl disc), a reel-to-reel tape, an 8-track tape, a compact cassette tape, a compact disc, an audio DVD, and an MP3 file stored on a computer, compact disc or USB flash drive.
To explain the legal distinction between definitions, suppose a person or group takes a song and makes a performance. The recorded performance is a sound recording (also called phonogram); the physical media that the sound recording is stored upon is a phonorecord.
# Clarke Hotel

The Clarke Hotel is a historic hotel in Hastings, Nebraska, included on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
The Clarke Hotel, named for prominent Hasting businessman Alonzo L. Clarke, originated in 1914 as a project of the Hastings Chamber of Commence and was built through sale of stock to local residents. The architect, C. W. Way, and the construction company, John Hempel Company, were both from Hastings; and local craftsman made everything from the hotel's bricks to its oak millwork and mosaic floors. The hotel includes a famous grill room, which has a series of murals painted by Italian artist Giuseppe Aprea depicting seventeenth-century European tavern scenes.
A 1916 addition to the six-story, Renaissance Revival-style building increased its size to 170 "absolutely fireproof" rooms and added ballroom seating for 300. For the next seventy years, the Clarke Hotel served as the social center for the region. Among notables who visited it were former President William Howard Taft and future President John F. Kennedy. After extensive renovation in 1987, the Clarke Hotel became the Kensington-Evergreen Senior Living Communities.
# The Beautiful Summer

The Beautiful Summer is a novel by Italian author Cesare Pavese, first published in Italian as La bella estate in 1949.
The book won the Strega Prize, the most prestigious Italian literary award, in 1950. It was released in English by Peter Owen in 1955, and rereleased by Penguin European Writers in 2018.
The book is an account of juvenile love, hope and defeat in 1930s northern Italy. It comprises three novellas: the eponymous The Beautiful Summer (La bella estate, first published in 1940), The devil in the Hills (Il diavolo sulle colline, 1948) and Women on Their Own (Tra donne sole, 1949).
Le amiche, a 1955 Italian film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni, is based on the last novella of the book.
The Beautiful Summer, a 2023 Italian film directed by Laura Luchetti, is based on the first novella of the book.
# Marco Achilli

Marco Achilli (9 December 1948 – 22 September 2009) was an Italian footballer who played as a midfielder for a number of Italian sides, including Inter Milan, Monza, Livorno and Albese. His father was Camillo Achilli.
# Coesite

Coesite (/ˈkoʊsaɪt/) is a form (polymorph) of silicon dioxide (SiO$_2$) that is formed when very high pressure (2–3 gigapascals), and moderately high temperature (700 °C, 1,300 °F), are applied to quartz. Coesite was first synthesized by Loring Coes, Jr., a chemist at the Norton Company, in 1953.

## Occurrences

In 1960, a natural occurrence of coesite was reported by Edward C. T. Chao, in collaboration with Eugene Shoemaker, from Barringer Crater, in Arizona, US, which was evidence that the crater must have been formed by an impact. After this report, the presence of coesite in unmetamorphosed rocks was taken as evidence of a meteorite impact event or of an atomic bomb explosion. It was not expected that coesite would survive in high pressure metamorphic rocks.
In metamorphic rocks, coesite was initially described in eclogite xenoliths from the mantle of the Earth that were carried up by ascending magmas; kimberlite is the most common host of such xenoliths. In metamorphic rocks, coesite is now recognized as one of the best mineral indicators of metamorphism at very high pressures (UHP, or ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism). Such UHP metamorphic rocks record subduction or continental collisions in which crustal rocks are carried to depths of 70 km (43 mi) or more. Coesite is formed at pressures above about 2.5 GPa (25 kbar) and temperature above about 700 °C. This corresponds to a depth of about 70 km in the Earth. It can be preserved as mineral inclusions in other phases because as it partially reverts to quartz, the quartz rim exerts pressure on the core of the grain, preserving the metastable grain as tectonic forces uplift and expose these rock at the surface. As a result, the grains have a characteristic texture of a polycrystalline quartz rim (see infobox figure).
Coesite has been identified in UHP metamorphic rocks around the world, including the western Alps of Italy at Dora Maira, the Ore Mountains of Germany, the Lanterman Range of Antarctica, in the Kokchetav Massif of Kazakhstan, in the Western Gneiss region of Norway, the Dabie-Shan Range in Eastern China, the Himalayas of Eastern Pakistan, and in the Appalachian Mountains of Vermont.

## Crystal structure

Coesite is a tectosilicate with each silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedron. Each oxygen atom is then bonded to two Si atoms to form a framework. There are two crystallographically distinct Si atoms and five different oxygen positions in the unit cell. Although the unit cell is close to being hexagonal in shape ("a" and "c" are nearly equal and β nearly 120°), it is inherently monoclinic and cannot be hexagonal. The crystal structure of coesite is similar to that of feldspar and consists of four silicon dioxide tetrahedra arranged in Si$_4$O$_8$ and Si$_8$O$_{16}$ rings. The rings are further arranged into chains. This structure is metastable within the stability field of quartz: coesite will eventually decay back into quartz with a consequent volume increase, although the metamorphic reaction is very slow at the low temperatures of the Earth's surface. The crystal symmetry is monoclinic C2/c, No.15, Pearson symbol mS48.
# Alari Lell

Alari Lell (born 10 June 1976) is a retired football (soccer) defender from Estonia. He played for several clubs in his native country, including FC Flora Tallinn, JK Tervis Pärnu, JK Viljandi Tulevik and FC Kuressaare.

## International career

Lell earned his first official cap for the Estonia national football team on 25 March 1995, when Estonia played Italy in a qualifier for Euro 1996. He obtained a total number of six caps.
# Duke Riley

Duke Riley may refer to:
* Duke Riley (artist), American artist
* Duke Riley (American football) (born 1994), American football player
# Transportainment

Transportainment (R) (sometimes misspelled transpotainment) is a tregistered trademark of Historic Tours of America, Inc. The term is a hybrid mixing of the words 'transportation' and 'entertainment'. Transportainment (R) is refers to historic sightseeing tours offered by the company through its subsidiaries, including Old Town Trolley Tours (R). It was misappropriated to describe a type of tourist entertainment in which parties ride in large open-air party buses, moving at slow speeds through the main street of a town, with music and drinking amidst a general revelry.
From 2017 to the present, it has been prevalent on weekend nights in the American city of Nashville, Tennessee, usually lasting into the late hours, on the street called Lower Broadway. Vehicles used to ferry partygoers include decommissioned troop transport trucks, buses, tractor-trailers, stretch limousines, and pickup trucks. One estimate from Nashville authorities was that there were forty private companies offering such services to tourists. Vehicles can hold from 10 to 25 persons. One service termed Hell on Wheels allows partygoers to ride through Nashville while some of the proceeds go to Homes for Troops Charity which builds residences for severely wounded veterans.
The growing practice has been criticized for causing traffic congestion and slowdowns, loud noise, and accidents. According to one account, a person fell off of a moving vehicle which subsequently ran over his legs. The industry was largely unregulated, although in fall of 2021 there were proposals to regulate the practice. Nashville in December 2021 banned open containers of alcohol on open-air party buses, forcing operators to enclose them to serve alcohol. In June 2022 the city restricted their hours of operation, issued permits for dozens of vehicles, and rejected applications for dozens more. Pedal taverns are regulated separately.
# Lucien Lessard

Lucien Lessard (born February 22, 1938) was a politician in Quebec, Canada.

## Background

He was born on February 22, 1938, in Grandes-Bergeronnes. He has a Master degree from Université Laval and was an educator and a union activist.

## Member of the legislature

Lessard unsuccessfully ran as a Ralliement national candidate to the National Assembly of Quebec in the district of Saguenay in 1966, finishing third with 11% of the vote.
He ran as a Parti Québécois candidate and defeated Liberal incumbent Pierre-Willie Maltais in 1970. He was re-elected in 1973, 1976 and 1981.

## Cabinet Member

In 1976, Lessard was appointed to Premier René Lévesque's Cabinet. He served as Minister of Public Works until 1977, Minister of Transportation until 1979 and Minister of Recreation, Hunting and Fishing from 1979 to 1982, during which he helped trigger a series of controversial police raids on the Mi'gmaq community of Restigouche, a role he discussed with Alanis Obomsawin in her 1984 film Incident at Restigouche. Lessard resigned his seat and retired from politics in 1982.

## Retirement

He was the general manager of the Forestville, Quebec CLSC (health unit) from 1983 to 2000.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Biography". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
* ↑ Obomsawin, Alanis (1984). "Incident at Restigouche". NFB.ca. National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved 2009-04-08.
* ↑ Notzke, Claudia (1994). Aboriginal Peoples and Natural Resources in Canada. Toronto: Captus Press. p. 64. ISBN 1-895712-03-3.
National Assembly of Quebec :
| Preceded byPierre-Willie Maltais (Liberal) | MNA for Saguenay 1970–1982 | Succeeded byGhislain Maltais (Liberal) |
* This article about a Member of the National Assembly of Quebec from the Parti Québécois is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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