# Cagniog

Cagniog is a barangay located in the near city proper of the City of Surigao, in the province of Surigao del Norte. Philippines. The official name Barangay Cagniog, Surigao City its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 6,622. This represented 3.87% of the total population of Surigao City.

## History

Further information: Surigao (province)
Sitio Cagniog part of Barangay Luna on June 21, 1959, and it was converted into barrio Cagniog in the municipality, now City of Surigao by virtue of Republic Act no. 2523. It was later converted into a barangay alongside all other barrios in the Philippines in 1974.
Cagniog consists of 10 puroks within 2 sitios, Sito Cayutan and Sitio Escalon. There are 3 high-end subdivision within the jurisdiction of Cagniog namely: Ouano Ceniza Heights, Teacher's Village and Casetta.

### Pre-historic Era

Scientists from Japan and the Philippines have discovered a type of modern human, named the Escalon Man, who lived in Southern Philippines from the late Neolithic to the early Iron Age. Identified from bones found in the 1980s in Escalon Cave, Barangay Cagniog, Surigao City, the Austronesian-speaking Escalon Man is dated to about 4,700 years ago. This discovery adds to significant findings on the peopling of the Philippines, including Homo luzonensis and the 709,000-year-old butchered rhinoceros fossil in Kalinga. The Escalon Man provides insight into prehistoric settlement in Mindanao, joining other notable human remains like Callao Man and Tabon Man.

## Geography

Cagniog is situated at the north-easternmost tip of Mindanao Island and facing Bilang-Bilang Bay to the north-west.

### Climate

Cagniog has a tropical rainforest climate type, Köppen class Af with an average monthly precipitation of 308.66 mm (12.5 inches). It is distinctly wettest between the months of November until March. During the drier season between April and September, brief afternoon showers and thunderstorms locally called sobasco, are commonplace.

## Demographics
### Households

The household population of Cagniog in the 2015 Census was 5,225 broken down into 1,208 households or an average of 4.33 members per household.

### Population by age group

According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in Cagniog is 5 to 9, with 572 individuals. Conversely, the age group with the lowest population is 80 and over, with 28 individuals.

### Historical population

The population of Cagniog grew from 1,807 in 1990 to 6,622 in 2020, an increase of 4,815 people over the course of 30 years. The latest census figures in 2020 denote a positive growth rate of 5.11%, or an increase of 1,397 people, from the previous population of 5,225 in 2015.
| Census date | Population | Growth rate |
| 1990 May 1 | 1,807 | – |
| 1995 Sep 1 | 1,697 | -1.17% |
| 2000 May 1 | 2,355 | 7.28% |
| 2007 Aug 1 | 3,564 | 5.88% |
| 2010 May 1 | 4,289 | 6.97% |
| 2015 Aug 1 | 5,225 | 3.83% |
| 2020 May 1 | 6,622 | |

### Language

Surigaonon, the official language in the city and province is unique among the Visayan languages. It is also spoken by the majority of the population in the province of Surigao del Sur and around Lake Mainit in Agusan del Norte. Similarities with the Cebuano language are undeniable, however, staunch Cebuano speakers can hardly understand people who speak Surigaonon. There is no doubt Surigaonon existed as pure and distinct, slowly pelted over time by Visayan words as migrants settled in the area. Today, Surigaonon is the most widely spoken language inherent in the eastern Caraga region.
Surigaonon has similar consonant and vowel sounds, stress, intonation patterns to the Cebuano language and Boholano dialect. Surigaonon underwent certain morphophonemic processes, such as assimilation, deletion, alternation and metathesis (Dumanig, 2005). In the study conducted by Dumanig (2005) on Descriptive Analysis of Surigaonon language it was found that there are 18 consonants (b,d,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,ng,p,r,s,t,w,y,o,?) with 18 sounds and 3 vowels (a,i,u) with 5 sounds. It has also 25 consonant clusters (br, bl, bw, by, dr, dy, dw, gr, gw, kr, kl, kw, mw, my, nw, pr, pl, pw, py, sw, sy, tr, tw, ty, hw) and 4 diphthongs (aw, ay, iw, uy), which are similar to the Cebuano language (Rubrico, 1999). There are Surigaonon words that are spelled similarly but they differ in meaning depending on how each syllable is stressed (Dumanig, 2005). Surigaonon language follows two intonation patterns like the rising and falling intonation. The rising intonation is common in asking yes or no questions and the falling intonation occurs in ending declarative and imperative statements (Dumanig, 2005)[3]
In 2018, the Sangguniang Kabataan of Barangay Cagniog, Surigao City passed a resolution declaring Spanish as one of the official working languages in the youth council. It led to the enactment of an ordinance introduced by then SK Chairperson Frankie Salar and approved by Sangguniang Barangay in 2021. Further, the Sangguniang Panglungsod Surigao returning the ordinance to barangay for amendments, the said ordinance aim to include the teaching the Spanish in the said Barangay. The former SK Chairperson Frankie Salar advocates for the Spanish language in the Philippines and the conservation and promotion as well of Surigaonon Language.

## Government
### List of SK chairpersons and its officials (1992 to present)
#### Local Government Code of 1991

| No. | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end | Punong Barangay |
| 1 | Porferio D. Achas Jr. (1992–1996) | December 4, 1992 | June 30, 1996 | |
| 2 | Reynante D. Constantino (1996-2002) | June 30, 1996 | August 15, 2002 |
| 3 | Jeanelyn Briones (2002–2007) | August 15, 2002 | November 10, 1909 | Crisanto " Santoy" Aclo |
| 4 | Ronibie Silagan (2007–2010) | November 30, 2007 | November 30, 2010 | Crisanto " Santoy" Aclo |
| 5 | Reygie Dullo Ocampo (2010–2013) | November 30, 2010 | November 30, 2013 | Marietta " Neneng" A. Boquilon |
They were put "on hold", but not abolished, prior to the 2013 barangay elections. The position of SK Chairperson as ex-officio member of the Sangguniang Kabataan was vacant from November 30, 2013, to June 30, 2018. In January 2016, the Sangguniang Kabataan Reform Act was signed into law, which made changes to the SK and initially scheduled new elections for October 2016. In 2017, Republic Act no. 10923 create a Task Force on Youth Development temporary replace the SK and authorize to utilized the fund allocated to youth council. In March 2017, the elections were postponed to May 2018.

#### Sangguniang Kabataan Reform Act of 2015

| No. | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end | List of SK Members | SK Treasurer | SK Secretary | Youth Administrator | Punong Barangay |
| 1 | Frankie Jr. Rapisora Salar (2018–2023) | June 30, 2018 | November 9, 2023 | Presco S. Consigna Jr. Marry Grace C. Cag-Ong Mhyde M. Olvis Ilyn C. Gallega-Balaga (June 30, 2018 – November 9, 2023) Marry Rose P. Oranda (June 30 September 2018) Charlotte C. Amarille (June 30, 2018 – August 25, 2023) Rejane P. Soberi ( October 29, 2019 – August 25, 2023) Shelamie B. Vallespin ( October 29, 2019 – November 9, 2023) | Danica C. Cuizon-Menor | Verlierose S. Mariano (June 30, 2018– February 23, 2020) Jorge Vincent P. Chua (February 23, 2020– November 9, 2023) | Klein Christian Menor (March 1, 2023–November 9, 2023) Harvey Bien M. Pradias (acting) | Marietta A. Boquilon (June 30, 2018–January 25, 2023) Romelo B. Ortiz (January 25 - November 3, 2023 and November 3, 2023 -present) |
| 2 | Allan Daniel Ace B. Madelo (2023-2026) | November 9, 2018 | January 1, 2026 | | | | Vacant | Romelo "Bong-Bong" B. Ortiz ( November 3, 2023 - Present ) |

## Location

Cagniog is situated at approximately 9.7619, 125.5045, in the island of Mindanao. Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 12.3 meters or 40.4 feet above mean sea level.

## Adjacent barangays

Cagniog shares a common border with the following barangay(s):
* Silop, Surigao City, Surigao del Norte
* Canlanipa, Surigao City, Surigao del Norte
* Taft (Poblacion), Surigao City, Surigao del Norte
* Washington (Poblacion), Surigao City, Surigao del Norte
* Luna, Surigao City, Surigao del Norte
* Bonifacio, Surigao City, Surigao del Norte