OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elbert Lowder

Elbert Lowder (1932 – December 14, 2006) was an American checkers champion noted for dominating the "11-man ballot". He worked as a piano tuner and was from North Carolina. As one of the grandmasters who played against the Chinook program he is mentioned several times in Jonathan Schaeffer's book One Jump Ahead: Challenging Human Supremacy in Checkers. Elbert Lowder was a member of the United Methodist Church.
# Hamilton House, East Lothian

Hamilton House, also known as Magdalen's House, is a 17th-century "Laird's House" in the town of Prestonpans in East Lothian, Scotland. It is an exemplar of this type of architecture and has retained its crow-stepped gables and corner towers. It is owned by the National Trust for Scotland and is a Category A Listed Building.

## History

The house was built in 1626 as a replacement for Preston Tower for Sir John Hamilton, Lord Magdalens, who was a Senator of the College of Justice and the brother of the 1st Earl of Haddington. The property was vacated by the Hamiltons in the 1740s, and in the 19th century it was converted into a barracks and later used as a tavern. Around 1880 the Hislop family are recorded as being the owners of the building. Eventually the building fell into dereliction and was about to be demolished when it was sold to The National Trust of Scotland in 1937 and the NTS restored it as a private residence. It is now a Category A Listed Building.

## Location

Hamilton House is located in the small town of Prestonpans in East Lothian, 12.6 miles (20.3 km) from Edinburgh. It sits at the corner of West Loan and Preston Road within the part of the town known as Preston near the Preston Tower, Prestonpans Mercat cross and Northfield House.

## Features

Hamilton House comprises a two-storey main block with projecting wings at either end. The date 1628 (or 1626) appears in a panel above the former main entrance, with the initials IH and KS representing Sir John Hamilton, Lord Magdalen, and Katherine Sympson, while thee three pediments of the dormers have the Hamilton's coat of arms, their impaled initials and the date 1628, as well as the arms of Katherine Sympson. The exterior is harled and whitewashed, has chamfered stone edges and crow-stepped gables, known in Scots as corbie-stepped. The chimney stacks have stripped quoins. The house has a hexagonal stair tower which stands in the corner of the main block with south wing and which contains the main entrance, above which is the inscription "Praised be the Lord My Strenth and My Redeimer", while at the other end of the main block there is a round conical roofed, corbelled-out turret. The house has a steep roof tiled with stones. When the road outside was widened an outbuilding and a passageway were demolished, reducing the size of the courtyard. The adjacent road is also around 500mm higher than the original dirt road, from when the surface was macadamed in the 19th century. The interior of the building has been completely re-ordered in relation to its original form.

## Controversy

The National Trust for Scotland wanted to sell the building in 2007 but changed their mind to find a "restoring tenant" but in 2017 concerns were raised from the local community about the condition of the building.
# Geremia Di Costanzo

Geremia Di Costanzo (born 19 December 1960) is an Italian taekwondo practitioner. He is also known as Geremia Di Constanzo or Gabriel Di Costanzo. He competed in the men's flyweight at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# The Three Oak Mystery

The Three Oak Mystery is a 1924 crime novel by the British writer Edgar Wallace.

## Film adaptation

In 1960 it was turned into the film Marriage of Convenience, directed by Clive Donner as part of a long-running series of Wallace films made at Merton Park Studios.
# René Hausman

René Hausman (21 February 1936 – 28 April 2016) was a Belgian comic-book writer and artist, best known for his dark fairytales and watercolour drawings.

## Biography

René Hausman was born in Verviers, Belgium in 1936. After meeting already famed comics author Raymond Macherot when he was 18 years old, he quit his studies and made illustrations for local magazines. A few years later, he started working for Le Moustique, a family magazine from publisher Dupuis. From there, he moved to Spirou, the Franco-Belgian comics magazine of the same publisher, where he contributed in 1957 Saki et Zunie, his first comic, with a story by Yvan Delporte. In the following years, he provided more than 500 illustrations for the magazine, specializing in animals and local folklore, which earned him the nickname "Bard of the Ardennes".
In the following decades, he widened his oeuvre to more adult comics, including erotic fables in the French magazine Fluide Glacial, but he got his major breakthrough in 1985 when he created Laïyna, a fairy story in two parts, the first of which was published as a supplement to Spirou in one week. It became a few years later the first album in Aire Libre, the new graphic novels collection of Dupuis. He later made three more comics for the same series.
Also known as a sculptor and a bagpipe player, Hausman never had a major commercial success but got wide recognition for his use of colours and the use of the fantastic in his stories. All his stories feature nature and animals, and Hausman himself has lived for all his life in the country. He has been a major influence on many younger Franco-Belgian comics artists, including Frank Pé and Didier Comès. In 1995, he was made an honorary citizen of the city of Durbuy.
# Murlo cowboy

The “Murlo Cowboy” is a famous akroteria that is part of over a dozen Etruscan sculptures, discovered in the ruins of the Archaic Building at the excavation site at Murlo in the Province of Siena, Tuscany, Italy during the sixth century BCE. On Etruscan buildings, statues of gods, heroes, and ancestors were often placed on the ridges of roofs to protect votive offerings. This protective concept dates back to Etruscan beliefs from the preceding Orientalizing Period.

## Archaic building

The Archaic Building was a colossal 61x 61-meter meeting complex, constructed at the beginning of the 6th century BCE, that was used for various purposes within Murlo. The building was constructed using the remaining debris from a previous complex in the same location. On top of the roof of this immense building sat numerous terracotta akroteria, including what is known today as the “Murlo Cowboy”. It is believed that the building, and its statues, were destroyed at some point after 650 BCE.

## Excavation

Through the excavation of the Poggio Civitate site, archaeologists have discovered the remains to twenty seated, one running, and three standing akroteria. Included in these findings is the famed “Murlo Cowboy” akroteria.
Today, the clay statue is on display at a museum containing recovered artifacts, from the Poggio Civitate site, located in Murlo, Italy.

## Characteristics of the Murlo Cowboy

The major piece of the group is a seated terracotta statue with a wide brimmed hat, reminiscent of a cowboy hat, known as the Murlo Cowboy. The statue is approximately 1.5 meters tall. The bold facial expressions are representative of Archaic Greek Sculpture, as the eyes and lips appear to be protruding from the face. It is believed that the distinct facial features allow visitors to see them from afar, allowing for the statue to carry out its protective duties. The statue probably represents a haruspex.
There have been similar akroteria discovered at nearby sites around Murlo that replicate the Murlo Cowboy.
# Margaret Junkin Preston

Margaret Junkin Preston (May 19, 1820 – March 28, 1897) was an American poet and author.

## Biography

She was born in Milton, Pennsylvania, in 1820. Her father was George Junkin, a Presbyterian minister and college president. She learned Latin and Ancient Greek at the age of twelve. She married Major John Thomas Lewis Preston in 1857, a professor of Latin at Virginia Military Institute. Her sister, Elinor (Ellie), had in 1853 married Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, a colleague of Preston's at VMI. Major Preston served on the staff of Stonewall Jackson during the Civil War.
She wrote many volumes of prose and poetry, and published some of her writing in the Southern Literary Messenger and Graham's Magazine. She also published a few articles in Harper's Magazine. Preston's 1856 novel Silverwood is a subtle exploration of the clash between traditional values of honor and family and the new market economy that was sweeping through the United States and the Shenandoah Valley. She is remembered for espousing the Confederacy in her poems, and she was known informally as the Poet Laureate of the Confederacy.
She became blind in the late 1880s, and died in Baltimore in 1897.
# August 1 Medal

The August 1 Medal is the highest honorary medal bestowed on military personnel by the People's Republic of China. The bestowal is decided by the Central Military Commission and presented by the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. According to law, this medal is awarded to "military personnel who have made great contributions and established outstanding meritorious service in safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests, and promoting the modernization of national defense and the military, and have had a profound impact on the country and the entire military." It is awarded every five years.

## History

The August 1 Medal was originally established in 1955 as the highest military award for members of the PLA who served during the Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil War. On 12 June 2017, with the approval of Xi Jinping, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, the Order of August the First was re-established.

## Recipients
### 2017

On 28 July 2017, Xi Jinping awarded the decoration to ten recipients:
* Mai Xiande (麦贤得)
* Ma Weiming (马伟明), led the development of China's electromagnetic catapult system for launching aircraft from carriers
* Li Zhonghua (李中华)
* Wang Zhongxin (王忠心)
* Jing Haipeng (景海鹏), first Chinese astronaut to fly in space more than once
* Cheng Kaijia (程开甲), nuclear engineer and key figure in Chinese nuclear weapon development
* Wei Changjin (韦昌进)
* Wang Gang (王刚)
* Leng Pengfei (冷鹏飞)
* Yin Chunrong (印春荣)

### 2022

On 27 July 2022, Xi Jinping signs order to confer Medal on three military individuals:
* Du Fuguo (杜富国), sergeant in the PLA Southern Theater Command
* Qian Qihu (钱七虎), retired researcher at the former PLA University of Science and Technology
* Nie Haisheng (聂海胜), renowned astronaut from the PLA Astronaut Division
# Marco Andreini

Marco Andreini (born 8 October 1961) is an Italian retired pole vaulter.

## Biography

He won the bronze medal at the 1991 Mediterranean Games, ten centimetres behind Philippe d'Encausse and Jean-Marc Tailhardat. He also finished sixteenth at the 1977 European Indoor Championships, and competed at the 1990 European Championships without reaching the final.
He became Italian champion in 1988 and 1989. He succeeded Gianni Stecchi as champion and was succeeded by Gianni Iapichino. He also became Italian indoor champion in 1985 and 1986. His personal best jump was 5.68 metres, achieved in September 1990 in Siderno.

## Masters athletics

Its measure of 4.90 m obtained on 10 June 2001 at age 41 is the 14th all-time performance in the category M45.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Italy ||||||
| 1990 | European Championships | Split, Yugoslavia | 13th (q) | Pole vault | 5.10 m |

## National titles

MArco Andreini has won four times the individual national championship.
* 2 wins in Pole vault (1988, 1989)
* 2 wins in Pole vault indoor (1985, 1986)
# The Vagabond Queen

The Vagabond Queen is a 1929 sound British comedy film directed by Géza von Bolváry and starring Betty Balfour, Glen Byam Shaw, and Ernest Thesiger. While the film has no audible dialog, it features a synchronized musical score, singing and sound effects on the soundtrack. This film was the final film directed in Britain by Bolváry before he returned to Germany. It was made by British International Pictures.

## Plot

A young woman takes the place of a Princess who is a target for an assassination.

## Cast

* Betty Balfour as Sally / Princess Zonia
* Glen Byam Shaw as Jimmie
* Ernest Thesiger as Lidoff
* Harry Terry as Winkleburg
* Charles Dormer as Prince Adolphe
* Dino Galvani as Ilmar
# Liliana Heker

Liliana Heker (born 1943) is an Argentine writer. She wrote and edited left-wing literary journals during the Dictatorship in the 1970s and 1980s, using veiled critiques as a means of protest and engaging in vigorous debate with exiled writers such as Julio Cortázar.
She was born in Buenos Aires and her professional writing started at the age of 17 with the support of Abelardo Castillo.

## Books

Her books include:
* Acuario (1972), Centro Ed. De América Latina: Buenos Aires
* The Stolen Party (1982)
* Zona de clivaje (1990), Legasa: Buenos Aires
* El fin de la historia (1996), Alfaguara - Suma (paperback 2004), ISBN 987-1106-77-7
* Las hermanas de Shakespeare (1999), Aguilar: Buenos Aires
* Los Bordes de Lo Real
* El Partido Rubado
* Los Que Vieron la zarza′
# Yongsan Line

The Yongsan Line (Korean: 용산선; Hanja: 龍山線) is a branch railroad of the Gyeongui Line, currently in service on the Gyeongui-Jungang Line. It connects Yongsan Station to Gajwa Station on the Gyeongui Line. The line was abandoned in 2005, but was reopened as an underground subway line in 2012 from Gajwa Station to Gongdeok Station and in 2014 from Gongdeok Station to Yongsan Station.

## Stations

Gyeongui Metro stations :
| Station Number | Station name | Station name | Station name | Transfer | Station distance | Total distance | Location | Location |
| Station Number | Romanized | Hangul | Hanja | Transfer | in km | in km | | Location | Location |
| K110 | Yongsan | 용산 | 龍山 | Honam KTX | 0.0 | 0.0 | Seoul | Yongsan-gu |
| K311 | Hyochang Park | 효창공원앞역 | 孝昌公園앞驛 | | 1.8 | 1.8 | Seoul | Yongsan-gu |
| K312 | Gongdeok | 공덕 | 孔德 | | 0.7 | 2.5 | Seoul | Mapo-gu |
| K313 | Sogang Univ. | 서강대 | 西江大 | | 1.9 | 4.4 | Seoul | Mapo-gu |
| K314 | Hongik Univ. | 홍대입구 | 弘大入口 | | 0.9 | 5.3 | Seoul | Mapo-gu |
| K315 | Gajwa | 가좌 | 加佐 | | 1.7 | 7.0 | Seoul | Seodaemun-gu |
# Real TV (Azerbaijani TV channel)

Real TV is an Azerbaijani national terrestrial news-oriented television channel founded by Mirshahin Agayev, who is the co-founder of now-defunct ANS TV. It was launched on 15 March 2018 and is owned by Real Analysis Information Center. Real TV is headquartered in the Narimanov raion of Baku. The channel is considered to be the successor of ANS TV due to the number of similarities, although a Baku State University professor assured that it is a different network altogether.

## History

Real TV began broadcasting initially as an internet television channel on 28 February 2018. The National Television and Radio Council granted Real Analysis Information Center an indefinite license to broadcast the television station via satellite on 5 March 2018. It commenced test broadcasts on the same day, with many former employees of the defunct ANS TV joining the channel. It was officially launched on 15 March 2018. Real TV initially broadcast for 19 hours a day, but was later converted into a 24-hour channel on 17 September 2018.
The National Television and Radio Council later granted Real TV an indefinite license to broadcast terrestrially on 23 April 2019 after they won a competition which decided the 48th terrestrial television channel overall and the 37th to broadcast in HD. It commenced terrestrial broadcasts on 10 May. Real TV commenced high-definition broadcasts on 28 January 2022.

## Programming

The programming structure is said to heavily resemble ANS TV, as its reporting style, as well as the set design, is considered to be the very similar. The channel primarily broadcasts news programming, which is said to be strongly pro-government.
# Swiss bourgeoisie

In some cantons of Switzerland, the bourgeoisie is both a form of local community right and a personal right.
The system of bourgeoisie stems from medieval urban law which was common to all the cities of Western Europe (see: Bourgeois of Brussels). The bourgeoisie, or bourgeois commune (i.e. municipality), is a local "community" that still exists in certain cantons, in which inhabitants originating from that specific commune, called "old bourgeois", as opposed to the new inhabitants, participate. This current bourgeoisie system, which can be traced back to the law on the communes of 1866, has gradually lost importance. However, these institutions still manage some hospitals and, in some cantons, confer a "right to bourgeoisie", sometimes prior to Swiss naturalization. This system is linked to the place of origin.
There is a "Swiss Federation of Bourgeoisies and Corporations" whose roles include the defence of "maintenance of bourgeois institutions".
In Switzerland, there was a "right to bourgeoisie" (a sort of city right), which was a charter of freedoms and rights contracted between the nobility and the bourgeoisie. The prerequisite for belonging to this bourgeoisie was possession of real estate in the heart of the city.

## Cantonal particularities

In the canton of Valais, there are still many active bourgeoisies. Along with the municipal commune that deals with resident citizens, one generally finds the bourgeois commune, whose scope particularly affects the citizens who originate from the municipality with regard to the law on nationality. Thus, one can be Swiss and residing in a municipality, without having the right of bourgeoisie.
In contrast, in the canton of Geneva (which replaced the Republic of Geneva), the bourgeoisie of Geneva have had no influence since 1798. The title of bourgeois in Geneva has no value and gives no additional rights since that date.

## Honorary bourgeoisie

Honorary bourgeoisie is given to certain people, who strive for the well-being of the country or a municipality. It is not hereditary and has no effect on nationality.
Napoleon III was a bourgeois of the municipality of Salenstein.
The former king of Sweden Gustav IV Adolf was a bourgeois of the commune of Basel.

## Notable bourgeoisie families

* Federer family
* Indermaur family
# Anatolikos

Anatolikos is a genus of two species of crabs in the family Cancridae. They are recorded from Japan and Taiwan. Two fossil species are known, one from Japan and one from Mexico.
These crabs were classified in the genus Cancer until 2000, when it was split into several new genera.
Anatolikos species have a carapace that is wider than long and granular in texture. It is edged with several spines separated by fissures. Five of the spines coalesce to form a front that extends past the eyes, a character unique to the genus. The orbital rims are thickened; the genus Anisospinos has a similar feature, but can be distinguished by its sharp, curving spines.
The genus name is from the Greek anatolikos ("eastern"), a reference to its range in Japan. It includes the following species:
* †Anatolikos fujinaensis (Sakumoto, Karasawa & Takayasu, 1992)
* †Anatolikos itoigawa (Karasawa, 1990)
* Anatolikos japonicus (Ortmann, 1893)
* †Anatolikos tomowoi (Karasawa, 1990)
* Anatolikos tumifrons (Yokoya, 1933)
* †Anatolikos undecimspinosus Schweitzer, Feldmann, González-Barba & Ćosović, 2006
# Motorized potentiometer

A motorized potentiometer combines a potentiometer with an electric motor.

## Uses

Motorized potentiometers can be found in audio/video equipment, specifically mixing consoles. In this application, they are called motorized faders. Mixing consoles with motorized faders typically are used to save and restore settings on the same console and sometimes to transfer settings to a different console. Save and restore also allows to control more channels then there are sliders by switching which tracks are controlled. While historically, the faders where literal motorized potentiometers, nowadays faders may directly digitize the fader position and apply the value digitally in the digital signal processing.
Motorized potentiometers are used in industrial controls.
Motorized potentiometers may be used for remote control applications.
Motorized potentiometers can be used to build electrical/electronic analog computers. The motorized potentiometer can act as a computing element, but also as a way to convert a physical into an electrical value.
Radio control servo motors use a potentiometer as feedback for the servo position.

## Features

Some motorized potentiometers allow both manual and motorized operation.
Motorized potentiometers can be slide or rotary potentiometers. There also exist multiple turn motorized potentiometers.
The end of travel may be detected using limit switches, a peak in motor current as the mechanism stalls, or a separate resistive element used for position feedback.

## History

Given that the history of the motorized potentiometer is linked to electronic analog computers, and electronic analog computers to military use, recording keeping and publication were limited, also meaning that parallel invention was highly likely. The M9 Gun Director had a potentiometer controlled by op amps. The Bomben-Abwurfrechner BT-9 has a motor driven potentiometer to convert a pressure into a potentiometer setting.
In 1968 a patent was filled describing a motor-potentiometer combination where the motor only engages when energized, allowing manual operation.
In 1970 a patent was filled describing a motor-potentiometer with overload clutch and interchangeable gear ratio.

## Manufactures

Manufactures are for e.g. Alps Electric.
# Marco Mazza

Marco Mazza (born 25 June 1977) is an Italian long-distance runner who specializes in the 10,000 metres and half marathon.

## Biography

His personal best time in the 10,000 metres is 27:44.05 minutes, achieved in April 2002 in Camaiore. This places him ninth on the Italian all-time performers list, behind Salvatore Antibo, Francesco Panetta, Venanzio Ortis, Daniele Meucci, Alberto Cova, Franco Fava, Stefano Mei, Stefano Baldini. His personal best half marathon time is 60:24 minutes, achieved in April 2002 in Milan.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Italy ||||||
| 1999 | European U23 Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 3rd | 5000m | 13:47.17 |
| 1999 | European U23 Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 1st | 10,000m | 28:39.29 |
| 2000 | World Half Marathon Championships | Veracruz, Mexico | 9th | Half marathon | 1:04:26 |
| 2000 | World Half Marathon Championships | Veracruz, Mexico | 5th | Team | 3:19:21 |
| 2001 | World Championships | Edmonton, Canada | 14th | 10,000 m | 28:08.00 |
| 2001 | Mediterranean Games | Tunis, Tunisia | 4th | 10,000 m | 29:38.22 |
| 2002 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 7th | 10,000 m | 28:05.94 |
| 2002 | World Half Marathon Championships | Brussels, Belgium | 14th | Half marathon | 1:02:21 |
| 2002 | World Half Marathon Championships | Brussels, Belgium | 5th | Team | 3:07:53 |