# Ceyhan

Ceyhan (pronounced) is a municipality and district of Adana Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,426 km$^2$, and its population is 158,922 (2022). It is the most populous district of the province, outside the city of Adana. Ceyhan is the transportation hub for Middle Eastern and Central Asian oil and natural gas. The city is situated on the Ceyhan River that flows through Çukurova plain. The Ceyhan River is dammed at Aslantas to provide flood control and irrigation for the lower river basin around Ceyhan.

## Climate

Ceyhan has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa) with very hot, muggy summers with low precipitation, and mild, rainy winters.
Climate data for Ceyhan (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.2 (57.6) | 15.9 (60.6) | 19.3 (66.7) | 23.5 (74.3) | 28.1 (82.6) | 31.8 (89.2) | 34.0 (93.2) | 34.5 (94.1) | 32.7 (90.9) | 29.1 (84.4) | 21.9 (71.4) | 15.9 (60.6) | 25.1 (77.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) | 9.5 (49.1) | 12.8 (55.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 21.2 (70.2) | 25.2 (77.4) | 28.0 (82.4) | 28.3 (82.9) | 25.5 (77.9) | 21.1 (70.0) | 14.3 (57.7) | 9.7 (49.5) | 18.4 (65.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) | 4.4 (39.9) | 7.2 (45.0) | 10.7 (51.3) | 14.9 (58.8) | 19.0 (66.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.9 (73.2) | 19.2 (66.6) | 14.5 (58.1) | 8.3 (46.9) | 5.1 (41.2) | 12.7 (54.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 103.17 (4.06) | 101.96 (4.01) | 83.48 (3.29) | 65.46 (2.58) | 51.27 (2.02) | 22.46 (0.88) | 8.41 (0.33) | 4.19 (0.16) | 26.81 (1.06) | 42.2 (1.66) | 78.64 (3.10) | 133.84 (5.27) | 721.89 (28.42) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 6.5 | 5.1 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 8.5 | 62.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 67.3 | 65.5 | 65.1 | 65.8 | 64.1 | 63.5 | 66.2 | 67.0 | 63.0 | 59.2 | 60.3 | 68.7 | 64.6 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Economy

Ceyhan's marine transport terminal is the Mediterranean terminus of the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline (the "BTC") which brings crude oil from the landlocked Caspian Sea across Azerbaijan and Georgia, and entering Turkey in the northeast. The pipeline was completed in May 2005. The terminal contains seven storage tanks, a jetty capable of loading two tankers of up to 300,000 tonnes deadweight (DWT) simultaneously, metering facilities, a waste water treatment plant and vapor incineration ("burn-off") facilities.
Ceyhan Terminal is also the destination of Kirkuk–Ceyhan Oil Pipeline but this was closed in 2024 due to a payment dispute.

## Contemporary Life

Ceyhan is the second most developed and populated district of Adana Province after the center of Adana. The river runs through the district.

## Transport

Adana Şakirpaşa Airport is the closest airport to Ceyhan 60 km (37 mi) west of the city. There are domestic and international flights to numerous destinations from the airport. There was a plane crash here in 1999. A Saudi bound plane carrying Hajj pilgrims crashed a few minutes after take off. There were many deaths.
Ceyhan railway station was opened in 1912 as part of the Berlin–Baghdad railway. The station is currently served by two regional lines and one long-distance line. Regional lines run from Mersin to İskenderun and Mersin to İslahiye; long-distance line runs from Adana to Elazığ. There are three services daily to Adana Central Station to connect to the western destinations; Mersin, Ankara, Karaman and Kayseri.

## Places of interest

* The Caravanserai of Kurtkulağı - built in 1659 by Hüseyin Paşa, architect Mehmed Ağa.
* Tumlu Kale or Dumlukale - another castle.
* Sirkeli Höyük - built to commemorate a battle here between Hittite emperor Muvattali and the Egyptian pharaoh Rameses.

## Composition

There are 112 neighbourhoods in Ceyhan District:
* Adapınar
* Adatepe
* Ağaçlı
* Ağaçpınar
* Akdam
* Altıgözbekirli
* Altıkara
* Altıocak
* Atatürk
* Aydınlar
* Aytemuroğlu
* Azizli
* Başören
* Belediye Evleri
* Birkent
* Bota
* Burhaniye
* Burhanlı
* Büyükburhaniye
* Büyükkırım
* Büyükmangıt
* Çakaldere
* Camuzağılı
* Çataklı
* Çatalhüyük
* Çevretepe
* Ceyhanbekirli
* Çiçekli
* Çiftlikler
* Civantayak
* Çokçapınar
* Cumhuriyet
* Dağıstan
* Değirmendere
* Değirmenli
* Dikilitaş
* Dokuztekne
* Doruk
* Durhasandede
* Dutlupınar
* Ekinyazı
* Elmagölü
* Emek
* Erenler
* Esentepe
* Fatih Sultan Mehmet
* Gazi Osman Paşa
* Gümürdülü
* Gündoğan
* Günlüce
* Hamdilli
* Hamidiye
* Hamitbey
* Hamitbeybucağı
* Hürriyet
* İmran
* İnceyer
* İnönü
* Irmaklı
* İsalı
* Isırganlı
* İstiklal
* Karakayalı
* Kelemeti
* Kılıçkaya
* Kıvrıklı
* Kızıldere
* Konakoğlu
* Köprülü
* Körkuyu
* Koruklu
* Kösreli
* Küçükburhaniye
* Küçükkırım
* Küçükmangıt
* Kurtkulağı
* Kurtpınar
* Kuzucak
* Mercimek
* Mercin
* Mithatpaşa
* Modernevler
* Muradiye
* Mustafabeyli
* Namık Kemal
* Narlık
* Nazımbey Yeniköy
* Sağırlar
* Sağkaya
* Şahin Özbilen
* Sarıbahçe
* Sarımazı
* Sarısakal
* Şehit Hacı Ibrahim
* Selimiye
* Sirkeli
* Soğukpınar
* Soysallı
* Tatarlı
* Tatlıkuyu
* Toktamış
* Tumlu
* Üçdutyeşilova
* Ulus
* Veysiye
* Yalak
* Yarsuat
* Yellibel
* Yeşilbahçe
* Yeşildam
* Yılankale
* Zübeyde Hanım

## International relations

Ceyhan is twinned with:
* Sumgait, Azerbaijan