OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oswego River (New York)

The Oswego River (/ɒsˈwiːɡoʊ/) is a river in upstate New York in the United States. It is the second-largest river (after the Niagara River) flowing into Lake Ontario. James Fenimore Cooper’s novel The Pathfinder, or The Inland Sea is set in the Oswego River valley.
The name Oswego is a Mohawk name that means "flowing out", or specifically, "small water flowing into that which is large".

## Description

James Fenimore Cooper described the Oswego in these words:
   The Oswego is formed by the junction of the Oneida and the Onondaga, both of which flow from lakes; and it pursues its way, through a gently undulating country, some eight or ten miles, until it reaches the margin of a sort of natural terrace, down which it tumbles some ten or fifteen feet, to another level, across which it glides with the silent, stealthy progress of deep water, until it throws its tribute into the broad receptacle of the Ontario.

## River course

The Oswego River starts at the confluence of the Oneida River (flowing from Oneida Lake) and the Seneca River (flowing from Seneca Lake, Cayuga Lake, and Montezuma Marsh). The river drains an area of 5,122 square miles (13,266 km$^2$), as large as the states of Rhode Island and Delaware together, comprising most of the Finger Lakes region of upstate New York.
At its mouth at Lake Ontario, the river divides the City of Oswego, just as it divides the City of Fulton 11 miles upstream.

### Oswego Canal

Part of its length the Oswego Canal was built. The Oswego River also serves as a part of the New York State Canal System, providing a route from the Erie Canal to Lake Ontario. This section of the canal was completed in 1827, two years after completion of the Erie Canal. In 1917, as part of a general overhaul of the canal system, the Oswego Canal was deepened and refurbished. The canal is now 14 feet (4.3 m) deep and has an overhead clearance of 20 feet (6.1 m).

## Pollution

The Oswego River was listed as a Great Lakes Areas of Concern in The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada until it was formally removed on July 21, 2006.

## Sportfishing

The river is known for its steelhead run in the early spring, followed by a salmon run in early autumn. The river is stocked annually by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation with 140,000 Chinook salmon and 20,000 steelhead.
# Morské oko (Slovakia)

Morské oko (called Veľké Vihorlatské jazero in the past; literally "Eye of the sea") is a lake in the Vihorlat Mountains in eastern Slovakia. It is the largest non karst lake and the third biggest natural lake in Slovakia. It is at an altitude of 618 m, covers 0.13 km² with a maximum depth of 25.1 m. It is drained by the river Okna.
The oldest known description of the lake can be found on two maps, dating back to 1687. The earliest official name of the lake known as Blatné jazero (germ. Blatto teich) dates back to 1784. The name Veľké Vihorlatské jazero was introduced in 1933.
The lake itself is a natural home to 8 species of fish. The native species consist of the brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario), common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) and stone loach (Barbatula barbatula). In the past, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was introduced into the lake, but the prevailing species today is the common chub (Squalius cephalus).
It is a national nature reserve (covering 1.08 km²) since 1984 and part of the Vihorlat Protected Landscape Area.

## Gallery

* Mansion Morské oko, built in 1924 for Gladys Vanderbilt Széchenyi
* View of Morské oko from Sninský kameň in spring
# Cassidy v Ministry of Health

Cassidy v Ministry of Health [1951] 2 KB 343 is an English tort law and UK labour law case concerning the scope of vicarious liability.

## Facts

Mr Cassidy went to hospital for a routine operation on his hand, but came away with stiff fingers because of the negligence of one of the doctors. He attempted to sue the Ministry of Health in its capacity as employer. The Ministry argued it could not be held responsible and had no vicarious liability, relying partly on Collins v Hertfordshire where it had been suggested that a surgeon was not the 'servant' of his employer.

## Judgment

The Court of Appeal held that the doctor was indeed a servant of the hospital and the Ministry was vicariously liable, because the doctor was integrated into the health organisation. Denning LJ said,
   The reason why the employers are liable in such cases is not because they can control the way in which the work is done - they often have not sufficient knowledge to do so - but because they employ the staff and have chosen them for the task and have in their hands the ultimate sanction for good conduct, the power of dismissal.
He also noted, that where a patient selects the doctor, then the doctor will not be employed by a hospital.
# Abdoulaye Diawara (footballer, born 1983)

Abdoulaye Diawara (born 26 January 1983) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for SR Colmar. Born in Paris as the younger brother of Fousseni and Samba, he represented Mali at the youth level and started his career at PSG. He played for Paris FC from 2007 to 2013. In June 2013, he signed with SR Colmar.
# Dore Ashton

Dore Ashton (May 21, 1928 – January 30, 2017) was a writer, professor and critic on modern and contemporary art.

## Biography

Ashton was born in Newark, New Jersey, on May 21, 1928. She was the author or editor of more than thirty books on art, including Noguchi East and West, About Rothko, American Art Since 1945, The New York School: A Cultural Reckoning and Picasso On Art. Ashton also contributed to many publications, including Art Digest. and worked as an art critic at The New York Times. Ashton was one of the New York art critics who championed the New York School, whose members also included Harold Rosenberg and Barbara Rose. Ashton's 1983 work on Mark Rothko, About Rothko, remains a source of much discussion about the artist. Ashton's last book, David Rankin: The New York Years, on artist David Rankin was published in 2013.
Ashton was a professor of art history at the Cooper Union in New York City and a senior critic in painting and printmaking at Yale. Ashton received an M.A. from Harvard University.
Ashton died on January 30, 2017, at the age of 88 in the Bronx, New York City, New York.

## Awards and honors

Ashton received numerous awards, including Guggenheim Foundation Fellowships in 1963 and 1969, the Frank J. Mather Award for art criticism from the College Art Association in 1963 and a Ford Foundation Award in 1965.
# One Motorsport

One Motorsport (with Starline Racing) is a British auto racing team based in Brackley, Northamptonshire owned and run by Steve Dudman. The team is best known for competing in the British Touring Car Championship.

## British Touring Car Championship
### Lexus IS (2006–2007)

They ran 2 Lexus IS 200 cars for Chris Stockton and Darren Dowling in the latter two rounds of the 2006 British Touring Car Championship season in preparation for a fuller campaign the following season.
They retained Stockton for 2007 but signed Nick Leason as their second driver, although he ultimately only contested the first 3 rounds.

### Lexus IS and SEAT Toledo (2008)

For 2008, Stockton was joined initially by truck racing champion Stuart Oliver. They replaced the Lexus cars with ex-Motorbase SEATs after two rounds, but had little success. The team missed round 6 at Snetterton after reported financial problems. Gareth Howell made two appearances in place of Oliver. The team were looking to enter the 2009 British Touring Car Championship season with two SEAT Leóns, but decided against this.

### Chevrolet Cruze (2014)

The team returned to the BTCC in 2014 with Chris Stockton driving an NGTC Chevrolet Cruze, which was originally built for Silverline Chevrolet, however the car was never completed as RML decided not to race in 2012.
The team originally planned to enter during 2013, but made the decision to concentrate on building their NGTC Chevrolet Cruze hatchback.
In 2015, the team's TBL was sold to their title sponsor Automotive Brands who set up a two car Power Maxed Racing as a separate operation.

### Chevrolet Cruze (2017)

In December 2016, the team announced plans to return to the grid with Chris Smiley and Dave Newsham announced as the drivers in a pair of Chevrolet Cruzes purchased back from Power Maxed Racing

### Honda Civic Type R (FK2) (2018)

BTC Norlin switched to ex-Dynamics Honda Civics in 2018 as the works team switched to the new shape car. Daniel Lloyd took the team's first win at Croft then followed up by Chris Smiley at Rockingham, making him the last ever winner at the infamous oval track.

### Honda Civic Type R (FK8) (2019-)

For the 2019 season, without title sponsor Norlin, BTC will run two Honda Civic Type R (FK8) cars. Chris Smiley has re-signed for another season and Josh Cook joins as his new teammate from Power Maxed Racing, while the team have also moved to a new facility in Brackley, Northamptonshire. The team started the Kwik Fit BTCC successfully, with Josh Cook leading the championship after the first race weekend at Brands Hatch, and ended the season in 4th position overall and as Independent runners-up in the Team and Driver standings.
2020 saw the squad expand to a three-car outfit- continuing with the successful Honda Civic Type R FK8s. Josh Cook returned to the team for his second consecutive season, with 14-times BTCC race winner and former WTCC and BTCC Independent Champion Tom Chilton moving across from Motorbase Performance. BTCC rookie Michael Crees completed the new line-up competing for the Jack Sears Trophy under The Clever Baggers with BTC Racing banner.
# Josefina

Josefina is a female name, a feminine form of Joseph. It may refer to:
* Josefina Passadori, Argentine writer
* Josefina de la Torre, Spanish poet, novelist and opera singer
* Josefina Klinger Zúñiga (born 1965), Colombian environmentalist
* Josefina Lamberto, human rights activist. Her life was dedicated to the memory of her sister Maravillas Lamberto, raped and assassinated by the Francoists
* Josefina Lopez, Chicana playwright
* Josefina Pla, Spanish poet, playwright, art critic, painter and journalist
* Josefina Ayerza, writer and a psychoanalyst
* Josefina Deland, Swedish feminist
* Josefina Wettergrund, Swedish writer
* Josefina Robledo Gallego, Spanish classical guitarist

## Fiction

* Josefina LaCosta, a fictional character in the Richard Sharpe series of novels by Bernard Cornwell.
* Josefina, Gil Harris' fake girlfriend in the 2002 teen comedy The New Guy
* Josefina Menendez, a fictional character in the 2012 first-person shooter Call of Duty: Black Ops II.
* Josefina Montoya, the fictional main character of the American Girl Josefina stories

## Places

* Josefina, Zamboanga del Sur
* Josefina (Santa Fe), a commune in the Castellanos Department, Argentina.
# Akim Arrondell

Akim Arrondell (born 3 November 1999) is a Saint-Martinois footballer who currently plays for FC Soualiga of the Sint Maarten Senior League, and the Saint Martin national team.

## Club career

Arrondell was a member of Junior Stars FC beginning in at least 2013. Following the 2013–2014 season he was one of three nominees for Saint Martin's Footballer-of-the-Year Award. In 2019 he moved to FC Soualiga of the Senior League on the Dutch side of the island.

## International career

Arrondell was part of Saint Martin's roster that competed at the 2013 CONCACAF Under-15 Championship. He made his senior international debut on 26 August 2018 in a friendly against Anguilla. He went on to score his first two senior international goals in the eventual 2–1 victory. Later that year he made five appearances for Saint Martin during the 2018 CONCACAF U-20 Championship, scoring one goal in the team's opening 1–1 draw with Aruba. He scored four goals against Sint Maarten in his country's final training match before the tournament. Prior to 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League qualification Saint Martin played an unofficial friendly against Saint Barthélemy. Arrondell scored his team's final goal of the 3–4 defeat. He went on to score in the Nations League qualifying campaign against Sint Maarten.

### International goals

    Scores and results list Saint Martin's goal tally first.
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 26 August 2018 | Raymond E. Guishard Technical Centre, The Valley, Anguilla | Anguilla | 1–0 | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 2. | 26 August 2018 | Raymond E. Guishard Technical Centre, The Valley, Anguilla | Anguilla | 2–0 | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 3. | 23 March 2019 | Raymond E. Guishard Technical Centre, The Valley, Anguilla | Sint Maarten | 1–1 | 3–4 | 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League qualification |
| Last updated 14 February 2022 |||||||

### International career statistics

    As of match played 8 September 2019.
Saint Martin national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2018 | 3 | 2 |
| 2019 | 3 | 1 |
| Total | 6 | 2 |
# Albert Rafetraniaina

Albert Tokinirina Rafetraniaina (born 9 September 1996) is a Malagasy professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.

## Career

Rafetraniaina made his professional debut on 6 October 2012 appearing as a substitute in a 3–1 defeat to Reims.
On 16 August 2019, he signed for Serie C team Bisceglie. He debuted following 25 August to become first Malagasy footballer to have played professionally in Italy.

## International career

A former youth international for France, Rafetraniaina represented the Madagascar national football team in a friendly 0–0 tie with Togo on 21 March 2018.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 17 December 2016
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | Division | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Nice | 2012–13 | Ligue 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Nice | 2013–14 | Ligue 1 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Nice | 2014–15 | Ligue 1 | 21 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 21 | 0 |
| Nice | 2015–16 | Ligue 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Nice | Total | Total | 27 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 28 | 0 |
| Red Star | 2015–16 | Ligue 2 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
# Milo Schoenmaker

Milo Schoenmaker (born 17 November 1967 in Alkmaar) is a Dutch politician for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He was Mayor of Gouda between 2012 and 2019. Since 15 January 2019 he is the chairman of the Centraal Orgaan opvang asielzoekers (COA), the Central Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers
# Amara Sy

Amara Sy (born 28 August 1981) is a Malian-French former professional basketball player who played at the small forward position.

## Professional career

On 31 July 2015, Sy signed with AS Monaco, after a three-year run with ASVEL Basket.

## National team career

Sy was a member of the senior Malian national team.
# Warren Stamping Plant

The Warren Stamping Plant is a Stellantis North America automotive factory in Warren, Michigan that produces auto parts for Chrysler vehicles. The factory was completed in 1948 and began production in 1949. The nearby Chrysler facilities are the Warren Truck Assembly and the Mack Engine Complex. The Mound Road Engine plant closed in the early 2000s; the site is now a vehicle storage lot.
There also was once the nearby "Sherwood Assembly" that closed in the late 1970s when Chrysler halted production of the Dodge Medium and Heavy Duty trucks and exited the market. Sherwood Assembly has since been torn down.
The facility was built in 1948 and started production in 1949. Further expansions of the plant came in 1952, 1964, 1965 and 1986.

## Products made

Stampings and assemblies including hoods, roofs, liftgates, side apertures, fenders and floor pans. These provided parts for the many Chrysler vehicles, including in recent years the Dodge Grand Caravan, Chrysler Town & Country, Jeep Grand Cherokee and Ram Trucks.
# Ancelin Gourjault

Ancelin Gourjault (born 31 October 1996) is a French male canoeist who won six medals at senior level at the Wildwater Canoeing World Championships.

## Medals at the World Championships
### Senior

| Year | | | |
| 2017 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2018 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 2019 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
# HMS Dittisham (M2621)

HMS Dittisham was one of 93 ships of the Ham-class of inshore minesweepers built for the British Royal Navy. Their names were all chosen from villages ending in -ham. The minesweeper was named after Dittisham in Devon.

## Design and description

In the early 1950s, the Royal Navy had a requirement for large numbers of minesweepers to counter the threat to British shipping from Soviet mines in the event of a conventional Third World War. The navy's existing minesweepers were obsolete, while the increasing sophistication of modern mines meant the mine warfare forces could not be supplemented by requisitioned fishing vessels as had been done in previous wars. Large orders were placed for coastal minesweepers (the Ton) and for smaller inshore minesweepers and minehunters intended to operate in inshore waters such as river estuaries (the Ham and Ley classes). As the navy did not have sufficient manpower to operate all the required ships in peacetime, it was planned to lay a large number up in reserve, so they could be manned by reservists (in many cases the crews of the fishing boats which would previously have been used in the same role) in time of emergency.
Dittisham was one of the first series of Ham-class ships, with a composite (wooden planking on aluminium framing) hull, and was 106 feet 9 inches (32.54 m) long overall and 100 feet 0 inches (30.48 m) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 21 feet 2 inches (6.45 m) and a draught of 5 feet 6 inches (1.68 m). Displacement was 120 long tons (120 t) standard and 159 long tons (162 t) full load. Two Paxman 12-cylinder diesel engines gave a total of 1,100 brake horsepower (820 kW) and drove two shafts, giving a top speed of 14 knots (16 mph; 26 km/h), which corresponded to a speed when sweeping of 9 knots (10 mph; 17 km/h). The design armament for the class was a single Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun, although this was generally replaced by an Oerlikon 20 mm cannon.

## Service

Dittisham was built by Fairlie Yacht and was launched on 23 October 1953 and completed on 29 June 1954. She was placed in reserve in 1955, being laid up at Hythe, Hampshire and Gosport. In 1968 she became a training tender to HMS Ganges, the Royal Navy's boys' training establishment at RNTE Shotley, where she was used to teach seamanship to the school's students. In 1973 she transferred to HMS Raleigh at Torpoint in 1973. In March 1983, she was sold to the Kingston Sea Cadets and became TS Steadfast. In April 1997, she was towed to Pounds Shipyard at Portsmouth and broken up.
# HMS H10

HMS H10 was a British H-class submarine built by the Canadian Vickers Co., Montreal. She was laid down on an unknown date and was commissioned in June 1915.
HMS H10 was lost in the North Sea on 19 January 1918. She had a complement of twenty-two crew members, a length of 171 feet (52 m), and a surfaced range of 1,600 nautical miles (3,000 km; 1,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).

## Design

Like all pre-H11 British H-class submarines, H10 had a displacement of 364 long tons (370 t) at the surface and 434 long tons (441 t) while submerged. It had a total length of 150 feet 3 inches (45.8 m), a beam of 15 feet 4 inches (4.67 m), and a draught of 12 feet (3.7 m). It contained a diesel engines providing a total power of 480 horsepower (360 kW) and two electric motors each providing 320 horsepower (240 kW) power. The use of its electric motors made the submarine travel at 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph). It would normally carry 16.4 long tons (16.7 t) of fuel and had a maximum capacity of 18 long tons (18 t).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) and a submerged speed of 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph). British H-class submarines had ranges of 1,600 nautical miles (3,000 km; 1,800 mi) at speeds of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). H10 was fitted with a 6 pounds (2.7 kg) Hotchkiss quick-firing gun (6-pounder) and four 18 inches (460 mm) torpedo tubes. Its torpedo tubes were fitted to the bows and the submarine was loaded with eight 18 inches (460 mm) torpedoes. It is a Holland 602 type submarine but was designed to meet Royal Navy specifications. Its complement was twenty-two crew members.
# HMS Polsham (M2792)

HMS Polsham was one of 93 ships of the Ham-class of inshore minesweepers.
Their names were chosen from villages ending in -ham. The minesweeper was named after Polsham in Somerset.
HMS Polsham was sold in February 1967 to the Port of London Authority who converted the vessel into a hydrographic survey ship, operated out of the Thames Navigation Service centre at Gravesend, Kent. She was renamed the MV Maplin. It is understood that she no longer operates in this capacity, but her fate is unknown.
# Conrotatory and disrotatory

In organic chemistry, an electrocyclic reaction can either be classified as conrotatory or disrotatory based on the rotation at each end of the molecule. In conrotatory mode, both atomic orbitals of the end groups turn in the same direction (such as both atomic orbitals rotating clockwise or counter-clockwise). In disrotatory mode, the atomic orbitals of the end groups turn in opposite directions (one atomic orbital turns clockwise and the other counter-clockwise). The cis/trans geometry of the final product is directly decided by the difference between conrotation and disrotation.
Determining whether a particular reaction is conrotatory or disrotatory can be accomplished by examining the molecular orbitals of each molecule and through a set of rules. Only two pieces of information are required to determine conrotation or disrotation using the set of rules: how many electrons are in the pi-system and whether the reaction is induced by heat or by light. This set of rules can also be derived from an analysis of the molecular orbitals for predicting the stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions.
| System | Thermal | Photochemical |
| "4n" electrons | Conrotatory | Disrotatory |
| "4n + 2" electrons | Disrotatory | Conrotatory |

## Example of a photochemical reaction

Analysis of a photochemical electrocyclic reaction involves the HOMO, the LUMO, and correlations diagrams.
An electron is promoted into the LUMO changing the frontier molecular orbital involved in the reaction.

## Example of a thermal reaction

Suppose that trans-cis-trans-2,4,6-octatriene is converted to dimethylcyclohexadiene under thermal conditions. Since the substrate octatriene is a "4n + 2" molecule, the Woodward–Hoffmann rules predict that the reaction happens in a disrotatory mechanism.
Since thermal electrocyclic reactions occur in the HOMO, it is first necessary to draw the appropriate molecular orbitals. Next, the new carbon-carbon bond is formed by taking two of the p-orbitals and rotating them 90 degrees (see diagram). Since the new bond requires constructive overlap, the orbitals must be rotated in a certain way. Performing a disrotation will cause the two black lobes to overlap, forming a new bond. Therefore, the reaction with octatriene happens through a disrotatory mechanism.
In contrast, if a conrotation had been performed then one white lobe would overlap with one black lobe. This would have caused destructive interference and no new carbon-carbon bond would have been formed.
In addition, the cis/trans geometry of the product can also be determined. When the p-orbitals were rotated inwards it also caused the two methyl groups to rotate upwards. Since both methyls are pointing "up", then the product is cis-dimethylcyclohexadiene.