OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jakob Stix

Jakob M. Stix (born in 1974) is a German mathematician. He specializes in arithmetic algebraic geometry (étale fundamental group, anabelian geometry and other topics).
Stix studied mathematics in Freiburg and Bonn and received his doctorate in 2002 from Florian Pop at the University of Bonn (Projective Anabelian Curves in Positive Characteristic and Descent Theory for Log-Etale Covers). His dissertation was awarded the best doctoral thesis of the year 2002 by the Mathematical Institute of the University of Bonn. He was a post-doctoral student at the Institute for Advanced Study. In 2008, he became junior research group leader at the Mathematics Center of the University of Heidelberg, where he habilitated in 2011 (Evidence for the section conjecture in the theory of arithmetic fundamental groups). Stix is now a professor at the University of Frankfurt.

## Notable publications

* with Alexander Schmidt: "Anabelian geometry with étale homotopy types", Annals of Mathematics, volume 184, 2016, pp. 817–868, Arxiv
* "Rational points and arithmetic of fundamental groups : evidence for the section conjecture", Lecture Notes in mathematics 2054, Springer 2013 (Habilitation thesis)
* "The Brauer–Manin obstruction for sections of the fundamental group", Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, volume 215, 2011, pp. 1371–1397 Arxiv
* "On the birational section conjecture with local conditions", Inventiones mathematicae, volume 199, 2015, pp. 239–265
* as publisher: The Arithmetic of Fundamental Groups : PIA 2010, Springer, 2012
# Attilio Bescapè

Attilio Bescapè (2 September 1910 – 1975) was an Italian weightlifter. He competed at the 1932 and 1936 Olympics in the featherweight class (−60 kg) and finished in fifth and sixth place, respectively. He won a silver medal at the 1938 World Weightlifting Championships.
# Valerio Zurlini

Valerio Zurlini (19 March 1926 – 26 October 1982) was an Italian stage and film director and screenwriter.

## Biography

During his law studies in Rome, he started working in the theatre. In 1943, he joined the Italian resistance. Zurlini became a member of the Italian Communist Party. He filmed short documentaries in the immediate post-war period before he directed his first feature film in 1954, The Girls of San Frediano. In 1958, Zurlini won the Nastro d'Argento together with Leonardo Benvenuti, Piero De Bernardi and Alberto Lattuada for Best Script for Lattuada's Guendalina. Zurlini made his name as a director with his second feature film, Violent Summer (1959), starring Eleonora Rossi Drago and Jean Louis Trintignant.
In 1961, Zurlini filmed Girl with a Suitcase, starring Claudia Cardinale, who became a film star in Italy, and Jacques Perrin, who would become Zurlini's favorite actor. His 1962 film Family Diary earned Zurlini the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival (it tied with Tarkovsky's Ivan's Childhood). Both The Girls of San Frediano and Family Diary were based on Vasco Pratolini's work.
The Camp Followers (1965) was entered into the 4th Moscow International Film Festival, where it won the Special Silver Prize. Zurlini admired the work of Italian novelist Giorgio Bassani and hoped to adapt his novel The Garden of the Finzi-Continis, which was subsequently directed by Vittorio De Sica in 1971 (see The Garden of the Finzi-Continis).
Zurlini's last film, The Desert of the Tartars (1976), produced by Jacques Perrin and featuring an all-star ensemble, was based on Dino Buzzati's novel of the same name. It earned Zurlini both the David di Donatello and the Nastro d'Argento for Best Director. In 1977 he was a member of the jury at the 10th Moscow International Film Festival.
The visual style of Zurlini's adaptations was informed by Giorgio de Chirico, Giorgio Morandi and Ottone Rosai's paintings. During the last years of his life Zurlini taught at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome. He died in Verona on 26 October 1982.
After Zurlini's death, his work fell into relative obscurity, but regained popularity in the 2000s after several of his retrospectives were met with success internationally. In 2006, NoShame Films released The Desert of the Tartars, Violent Summer and Girl With a Suitcase on DVD.

## Filmography (selected)

* The Girls of San Frediano (1954)
* Guendalina (1957, screenplay only)
* Violent Summer (1959)
* Girl with a Suitcase (1961)
* Family Diary (1962)
* The Camp Followers (1965)
* Black Jesus (1968)
* Indian Summer (1972)
* The Desert of the Tartars (1976)
# Diego Chamorro

Diego Alexander Chamorro Morales (born 24 July 1994) is an Ecuadorian football manager and former player who played as a forward. He is the current manager of Cumbayá.

## Playing career

Chamorro played for América de Quito as a youth, but subsequently featured in the amateur leagues, notably playing for Titan.

## Managerial career

In 2021, after being a sporting instructor in the Secretariat of Sports in Quito, Chamorro became an assistant at Concordia SC. He later worked at Sancor under the same role, before having his first managerial experience with Liverpool Pichincha in 2022.
In 2023, Chamorro was in charge of Independiente del Valle's affiliate side Independiente JFA, qualifying the side to the upcoming Segunda Categoría de Pichincha [es]. In 2024, he became a manager of the under-17 side of Cumbayá.
On 4 October 2024, Chamorro was named manager of Cumbayá's first team, after a new board was established.
# Uppheimar

Uppheimar ehf was an Icelandic publishing house based in the town of Akranes, which operated from 2001 to 2015.

## History

The company was established 11 January 2001 by the husband and wife team Kristján Kristjánsson (himself a writer) and Margrét Ţorvaldsdóttir. At first, the company was primarily a vehicle for the publication of the journal Árbók Akurnesinga. The company was given a boost when, in 2006-7, Ævar Örn Jósepsson chose to publish there, expanding its output to around 20 titles per year at that time. In 2009, the company set up an online book-club called Undirheima ('Underworld') to promote its translated and domestic crime fiction portfolio, which included the authors Ævar Örn Jósepsson, Liza Marklund, Jo Nesbø, Camilla Läckberg and Sara Blædel.
The company got into financial difficulties in 2013 and ceased trading in 2014, with 15 of its authors left unpaid for a substantial period. Its bank, Landsbanki, entered the company into bankruptcy proceedings in November 2015.

## Authors

Authors published by Uppheimar included:
* Ari Trausti Guðmundsson
* Bjarki Karlsson
* Bjarni Bjarnason
* Böðvar Guðmundsson
* Gyrðir Elíasson
* Ísak Harðarson
* Kristín Ómarsdóttir
* Ragnar Th. Sigurðsson
* Sigfús Bjartmarsson
* Sigmundur Ernir Rúnarsson
* Sigrún Davíðsdóttir
* Vilborg Arna Gissurardóttir
# Utricularia dunstaniae

Utricularia dunstaniae is an annual terrestrial carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia (family Lentibulariaceae). Its distribution ranges from northern Western Australia to the Northern Territory.
# Used to Be

Used to Be may refer to:
* "Used to Be" (Beach House song), 2008
* "Used to Be" (Steve Aoki and Kiiara song), 2021
* Used to Be, a 1982 album by Charlene
* "Used to Be", a 1982 song by Charlene and Stevie Wonder
* "Used to Be", a 2018 song by AJ Mitchell
* "Used to Be", a 2019 song by the Jonas Brothers from the album, Happiness Begins
* "Used to Be", a 2020 song by Best Coast from the album, Always Tomorrow
# Uppli

Uppli is a small village in Punjab, India. It is located in the district Sangrur at +30° 11' 50.65", +75° 47' 50.42". It is on a link road between Sangrur and Sunam.
It is also on the rail line between Sangrur and Sunam. The nearest railway station is Bharur. By road the village is less than 3 km from Sangrur. Uppli is the site of a Maize factory that used to be a government owned entity and was privatized in the 90's. The factory foundation was laid by president Sanjeeva Reddy. The factory has been raised and has been replaced by urban sprawl.
Nearby villages are Ubhawal, Chathhe, and Bharur. The village has an elementary school and a high school is situated between Uppli and Chathhe.
# Uvular stop

In phonetics and phonology, a uvular stop is a type of consonantal sound, made with the back of the tongue in contact with the uvula, which hangs down in front of the throat (hence uvular), held tightly enough to block the passage of air (hence a stop consonant).
Uvular stops are acoustically similar to but less common than the velar stops (e.g. [k] and [ɡ]), and do not occur in English. Uvular stops are common in certain parts of the world, e.g. the Caucasian languages and the Pacific Northwest languages of North America. However, they are unattested in the European languages (outside of a few peripheral areas such as the Caucasus).
The most common sound is the voiceless stop [q]. This sound is well known in Arabic, and occurs (at least in Standard Arabic) in words such as Quran (Koran), Qatar, and Al-Qahira (Arabic for Cairo). More generally, several kinds are distinguished:
* [q], voiceless uvular plosive
* [ɢ], voiced uvular plosive
* [ɴ], uvular nasal
* [qʼ], uvular ejective
* [ʛ ], voiced uvular implosive (very rare)
* [ʛ̊ ] or [qʼ↓] voiceless uvular implosive (claimed to exist in Kaqchikel)
vteInternational Phonetic Alphabet (chart) :
IPA topics :
Consonants :
Vowels :
Front
Central
Back
Close
i
y
ɨ
ʉ
ɯ
u
Near-close
ɪ
ʏ
ʊ
Close-mid
e
ø
ɘ
ɵ
ɤ
o
Mid
e̞
ø̞
ə
ɤ̞
o̞
Open-mid
ɛ
œ
ɜ
ɞ
ʌ
ɔ
Near-open
æ
ɐ
Open
a
ɶ
ä
ɑ
ɒ
IPA help
 audio
full chart
template
Legend: unrounded • rounded :
# Utukur

Utukur Village Gram Panchayath is located in the south-eastern coastal region of India. Utukur is 6 km (3.7 mi) from Sub District Headquarter Sydapuram and it is 48 km (30 mi) from district Headquarter Nellore. The nearest Statutory Town is Gudur in 21 km (13 mi) distance. Utukur's total area is 156.28 ha (386.2 acres), forest area is 290 ha (720 acres), non-agricultural area is 155.06 ha (383.2 acres) and the total irrigated area is 102.43 ha (253.1 acres).
# VCPIP1

Deubiquitinating protein VCIP135 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VCPIP1 gene.
# V24

V24 may refer to:

## Aircraft

* Fokker V.24, a German fighter aircraft prototype
* Mil V-24, a Soviet helicopter prototype
* Softex-Aero V-24, a Ukrainian light aircraft

## Other uses

* ITU-T V.24, a telecommunications standard
* V24 engine
# VEBA (disambiguation)

VEBA may mean:
* VEBA AG a German utility
* Voluntary employees' beneficiary association
# VE-cadherin

Cadherin-5, or VE-cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin), also known as CD144 (Cluster of Differentiation 144), is a type of cadherin. It is encoded by the human gene CDH5.

## Function

VE-cadherin is a classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily and the gene is located in a six-cadherin cluster in a region on the long arm of chromosome 16 that is involved in loss of heterozygosity events in breast and prostate cancer. The encoded protein is a calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion glycoprotein composed of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Functioning as a classic cadherin by imparting to cells the ability to adhere in a homophilic manner, the protein may play an important role in endothelial cell biology through control of the cohesion and organization of the intercellular junctions.
Integrity of intercellular junctions is a major determinant of permeability of the endothelium, and the VE-cadherin-based adherens junction is thought to be particularly important. VE-cadherin is known to be required for maintaining a restrictive endothelial barrier – early studies using blocking antibodies to VE-cadherin increased monolayer permeability in cultured cells and resulted in interstitial edema and hemorrhage in vivo. A recent study has shown that TNFAIP3 (A20, a dual-ubiquitin editing enzyme) is essential for stability and expression of VE-cadherin. Deubiquitinase function of A20 was shown to remove ubiquitin chains from VE-cadherin, thereby prevented loss of VE-cadherin expression at the endothelial adherens junctions.
VE-cadherin is indispensable for proper vascular development – there have been two transgenic mouse models of VE-cadherin deficiency, both embryonic lethal due to vascular defects. Further studies using one of these models revealed that although vasculogenesis occurred, nascent vessels collapsed or disassembled in the absence of VE-cadherin. Therefore, it was concluded that VE-cadherin serves the purpose of maintaining newly formed vessels.

## Interactions

VE-cadherin has been shown to interact with:
* Beta-catenin
* Plakoglobin
* PTPRB
* Catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 1
* CTNND1
* PTPmu (PTPRM)
* PTPrho (PTPRT)

## As a biomarker

VE-cadherin may serve as a biomarker for radiation exposure.
# Utricularia sect. Choristothecae

Utricularia sect. Choristothecae is a section in the genus Utricularia. The two species in this section are very small rheophytic carnivorous plants that were formally included in section Avesicaria but were reassigned to their own section by Peter Taylor in 1989. He had included them in section Avesicaria largely because of the similar habit of the species, but the unique pollen morphology, dissimilar internal trap glands, and the anthers led Taylor to move these two species to section Choristothecae. Both species are endemic to South America, with Utricularia determannii only known from Suriname and Utricularia choristotheca located in French Guiana and Suriname.
# VGN

VGN is an initialism that could refer to:
* VGN, reporting mark of the former Virginian Railway (1907–1959)
* Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg ("Transport Association of the Greater Nürnberg Area"), mass transit agency in the Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, Germany
* VGN Projects Estates, Indian real-estate company
# Uzbekistan at the 2011 Asian Winter Games

Uzbekistan participated in the 2011 Asian Winter Games in Almaty and Astana, Kazakhstan from January 30, 2011 to February 6, 2011.

## Alpine skiing

Uzbekistan sent 4 alpine skiers.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Dmitriy Babikov | Downhill | Did not finish | Did not finish |
| Dmitriy Babikov | Super-G | 1:13.02 | 8 |
| Dmitriy Babikov | Super Combined | 1:58.80 | 8 |
| Artem Voronov | Downhill | 1:34.66 | 7 |
| Artem Voronov | Super-G | 1:11.02 | 5 |
| Artem Voronov | Super Combined | 1:54.97 | 6 |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Svetlana Baranova | Downhill | Did not finish | Did not finish |
| Svetlana Baranova | Super-G | 1:21.95 | 8 |
| Svetlana Baranova | Super Combined | Did not finish | Did not finish |
| Kseniya Grigoreva | Downhill | 1:44.86 | 5 |
| Kseniya Grigoreva | Super-G | 1:16.44 | 6 |
| Kseniya Grigoreva | Super Combined | 2:09.90 | 6 |

## Biathlon

Uzbekistan sent 2 Biathletes.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Murod Hodjibayev | Individual | 1:13:43.2 | 9 |
| Murod Hodjibayev | Sprint | 35:21.3 | 9 |
| Murod Hodjibayev | Pursuit | Lapped | Lapped |
| Anuzar Yunusov | Individual | 1:21:42.6 | 10 |
| Anuzar Yunusov | Sprint | 35:52.4 | 10 |
| Anuzar Yunusov | Pursuit | Lapped | Lapped |

## Figure skating
### Men

| Athlete(s) | Event | SP/SP | SP/SP | FS/LP | FS/LP | Total | Total |
| Athlete(s) | Event | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Misha Ge | Men's | 53.97 | 9 | 123.39 | 5 | 177.36 | 6 |

### Women

| Athlete(s) | Event | SP/SP | SP/SP | FS/LP | FS/LP | Total | Total |
| Athlete(s) | Event | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Anastasia Gimazetdinova | Women's | 40.59 | 8 | WD | WD | WD | WD |
# Vac-U-Form

The Vac-u-form, was a toy invented by Eddy Goldfarb and released by Mattel in the 1960s around 1961 with the trademark filed on October 8, 1962.
Based on the industrial process of vacuum forming, a rectangular piece of plastic was clamped in a holder and heated over a metal plate. When the plastic was soft, the holder was swung to the other side, over a mold of the object to be formed. Then quickly and repeatedly pressing down on a spring-loaded handle on the side of the unit created a vacuum, sucking the plastic down over the mold and shaping it to fit. When the plastic cooled it solidified, creating an impression of the item.
Various molds came with the kit. Several expansion kits were also available for molding various other shapes. In actual use almost any small object that could withstand the temperature of the heated plastic sheet for a few seconds could be used as a mold. Plastic refill sheets came in a variety of colors.
Mattel's VAC-U-FORM toy is well made and many are still in use today both as a toy and for small size part production in conjunction with other hobbies such as making R/C aircraft cowlings and other parts.
Because very hot surfaces were easily accessible to a child (or adult) playing with the toy, it probably could not be sold today due to safety restrictions.
ToyMax (Cedarhurst, NY) produced a similar product called the "VAC-U-FORMER" in the early 1990s with the trademark filed on April 24, 1992. The ToyMax product is similar in concept to the Mattel product. In an attempt to conform to more modern safety concerns of the period several product changes were incorporated to improve safety over the Mattel product. The hotplate was replaced with a light bulb in style similar to an Easy-Bake Oven. The mold and forming area were covered so the hot plastic was protected from direct contact during the molding and cooling stages.
Both the Mattel and ToyMax products, as well as refill plastic sheets, can easily be found on eBay and Amazon, as well as other vintage toy web sites.
# Uşakpınarı, Silifke

Uşakpınarı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 193 (2022). It is situated on the southern slopes of the Taurus Mountains. Its distance to Silifke is 42 kilometres (26 mi) and to Mersin is 127 kilometres (79 mi). The major economic activities of the village are farming and animal breeding.
# Valar (disambiguation)

The Valar are characters in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle Earth legendarium.
Valar may also refer to:
* Valár, a village in Romania
* Valar Ventures, a venture fund
* Valär, a surname: see Category:Van Leer family
# Vaidotai

Vaidotai is a village in Vilnius District Municipality, Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, it had population of 1,268.

## History

The area was inhabited from the late 1st millennium AD. A mound from that period is situated near Vaidotai. Together with nearby Baltoji Vokė, with which its history is tightly connected, Vaidotai were mentioned in the written sources for the first time in 1375. The land property belonged to Radvilos ducal family and later to Zmijewski-Olizar family. On the right bank of Vokė river, opposite of Vaidotai, there was Baltoji Vokė Manor. In 1838 it was bought by Alexander Lenski. A Catholic Neo-Baroque style church in Vaidotai was built in 1910 by magnates Lenskis order. In the late XX century, western part of Vaidotai was attached to Vilnius. Vaidotai railway station, which was built in the late 1990s, is situated near the village. It's currently the main freight railway station in Lithuania. Two international railway lines run through Vaidotai: the first from Ukraine and Baranovichi and the second from Molodechno. Vilnius city buses' routes number 2 and 8 connect the area with the capital city.
# Van der Byl

Van der Byl or Vanderbyl is a surname derived from the Dutch van der Bijl. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Vanderbyl (1874–1956), English fencer
* Michael Vanderbyl (born 1947), American graphic designer
* P. K. van der Byl (1923–1999), South African-born Rhodesian politician
* Philip Vanderbyl (1827–1892), British politician
* Pieter Voltelyn Graham van der Byl (1889–1975), South African soldier and politician
# Valentin Weigel

Valentin Weigel (or Weichel; 7 August 1533, in Hayn – 10 June 1588, in Zschopau) was a German theologian, philosopher and mystical writer, from Saxony, and an important precursor of later theosophy. In English he is often called Valentine Weigel.

## Early life and education

He was born at Hayn, near Dresden, into a Catholic family. He studied at Meissen, Leipzig, and Wittenberg. In 1567 he became a Lutheran pastor at Zschopau, near Chemnitz. There, he lived out a quiet life, engaged in his writings.

## Beliefs

Weigel was best known for his belief that the Virgin Mary was herself the product of a virgin birth. He based his belief on the idea of the Immaculate Conception, which required that Mary must also be sinless in order to bear God in the flesh of a human that defecates daily. He kept his ideas secret, entrusting them only to personal friends (in contrast to Jakob Böhme). He carried out his parochial duties and kept a low profile. He left around 6000 pages in printed or manuscript works. His ideas on human nature were only gradually and posthumously published. Johann Arndt, Gottfried Arnold, and Gottfried Leibniz helped to spread Weigel's ideas. His teachings are known as Weigelianism.
His mysticism was marked by that of Johannes Tauler and by doctrines of Paracelsus; he was also a follower of Sebastian Franck and Caspar Schwenckfeldt. Like these two latter, he emphasized the inner life. He advocated a "spiritual church" in which one could know Christ without books or scripture.

## Works

* "Unterrichts-Predigt: Wie man christlich trauern und täglich solle im Herrn sterben", 1576
* "Libellus de vita beata", 1609
* "Ein schön Gebetsbüchlein, welches die Einfältigen unterrichtet", 1612
* "Der güldene Griff, alle Ding ohne Irrtum zu erkennen", 1613
* "Ein nützliches Traktätlein vom Ort der Welt", 1613
* "Dialogus de Christianismo", 1614
* "Erkenne dich selbst", 1615
* "Informatorium oder Kurzer Unterricht", 1616 (erweitert: "Soli deo gloria", 1618)
* "Kirchen- oder Hauspostill", 1618
* "Libellus disputatorus", 1618
* "De bono et malo in homine", 1618
* "Zwei schöne Büchlein", 1618
* "Studium universale", 1618
* "Tractatus de opere mirabili", 1619
# Valienamine

Valienamine is a C-7 aminocyclitol found as a substructure of pseudooligosaccharides such as the antidiabetic drug acarbose and the antibiotic validamycin. It can be found in Actinoplanes species.
It is an intermediate formed by microbial degradation of validamycins.
# Van Ceulen

Van Ceulen is a Dutch toponymic surname meaning "from Cologne". Van Keulen is a modern spelling variant. People with this name include
* Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen (I) (1593–1661), Dutch/English portrait painter
* Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen (II) (1634–1715), Dutch/English painter
* Ludolph van Ceulen (1540–1610), German-Dutch mathematician
# Vasconcellea palandensis

Vasconcellea palandensis is a species of plant in the family Caricaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
It was previously placed in genus Carica.