OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Television in Uruguay

Analog television in Uruguay had a history of more than 50 years since it began in 1956, with the first television channel, Channel 10. Since then Uruguay has three other channels, Channel 12 Teledoce, Channel 4 Monte Carlo TV and Television Nacional Uruguay

## Digital television

On August 27, 2007, the Uruguayan government issued a decree stating that the DVB-T and DVB-H standards would be adopted. On February 17, 2011, the government issued a new decree revoking the former one, and selecting ISDB-T as the standard to be adopted. Uruguay hoped for neighboring countries to reach an agreement on an HDTV standard, but so far that does not seem to be the case.
* Brazil adopted the ISDB-T system in November 2007 after a very extensive and consistent study (executed by Mackenzie University and Television Engineering Association) where ISDB-T standard presented a more robust signal, more flexible services including mobile TV reception for free and excellent user interactive services. The implementation rollout through the country has been very successful. The prices of digital TV receivers and set-top boxes are rapidly decreasing.
* Argentina is now analyzing ISDB-T to verify if the standard also attends their needs. There is a wish to implement only one digital TV standard in all Mercosur Area, and if Argentina chooses ISDB-T it will be an important step for that integration (except for Uruguay and Colombia).
* Uruguayan URSEC authorities provided no information on which road they would go until late in 2007. On August 27, 2007, Ursec settled on DVB-T and DVB-H. The TV sets being sold in Uruguay seem to be closer to ATSC HDTV-based standards (60 Hz systems, with ATSC tuners in some cases). Most of the DVD-based content in the country is NTSC/60 Hz-based, while the TV standard in use is PAL/50 Hz-based. Most of the analog TV sets sold are PAL-N, PAL-M and NTSC-capable, while most DVD players are multiregion. Authorities are not asking retailers to identify which standard the HDTV sets sold adhere to.
* 2010: All subscription television operators offer HDTV premium packages at varying prices. The offers rely on proprietary set-top boxes.

## Most viewed channels

| Position | Channel | Share of total viewing (%) |
| 1 | Teledoce | 12.3 |
| 2 | Channel 10 | 9.8 |
| 3 | Channel 4 | 8.9 |
| 4 | Canal 5 | 3.6 |
| 5 | TV Ciudad | 3.3 |
| 6 | La Red | 2.5 |
| 7 | VTV | 2.0 |
| 8 | UCL TV | 1.2 |
| 9 | VTV Plus | 1.0 |
| 10 | Canal A+V | 0.6 |
# Salvatore Aurelio

Salvatore Aurelio (born 15 January 1986) is an Italian footballer who plays as a forward for Arenzano.

## Club career
### Genoa and loans

A youth product of Genoa C.F.C., he played on loan with Carrarese (Serie C2, also in co-ownership deal) and Verona (Serie B).
He joined the first team in the 2006–07 season, but in January left on loan to Lucchese (Serie C1), due to new strikers being signed.
After Genoa won a promotion to Serie A, Aurelio became surplus to the team and was sold to A.C. Cesena in co-ownership deal in late June, for €0.5 million (also part of Papa Waigo's deal).
He then bought back by Genoa for just €1,000 and loaned him to Crotone, as part of Felice Natalino's deal.

### Frosinone

In June 2009, Aurelio was sold to Frosinone in co-ownership deal, for €800,000. In the same month Genoa signed Salvatore Bocchetti outright for another €2.3 million.
On 24 June 2010, the club signed him outright along with Diogo Tavares, co-currently, Robert Gucher joined Genoa. At that time half of the registration rights of Aurelio was valued €800,000, while Tavares was valued €600,000 and lastly Gucher for €1.3 million. Moreover, Selim Ben Djemia's loan had cost Fronisone €100,000 and Gucher had cost Geona €200,000, made Genoa nor Fronisone owe more money to opposite side.
In January 2011 he left for Lega Pro Prima Divisione club Salernitana in temporary deal, with Manolo Pestrin moved to opposite direction. He only played 3 Serie B games for Frosinone in the first half of 2010–11 Serie B. In 2011 Frosinone relegated to the same division, as well as the bankruptcy of Salernitana.
Aurelio spent 2+1⁄2 seasons with Fronisone in the third division.

### AlbinoLeffe

On 31 January 2014 Aurelio left for fellow Prima Divisione club AlbinoLeffe, with Alessio Viola moved to opposite direction. Fronisone promoted to Serie B while AlbinoLeffe losing the promotion playoffs.

## International career

Aurelio was a member of the Italy Under-17 side during the 2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship first qualifying round. However he was dropped out from the squad in the second qualifying round as well as in the finals.
# Tinfoil Hat Linux

Tinfoil Hat Linux (THL) is a compact security-focused Linux distribution designed for high security developed by The Shmoo Group. The first version (1.000) was released in February 2002. By 2013, it had become a low-priority project. Its image files and source are available in gzip format. THL can be used on modern PCs using an Intel 80386 or better, with at least 8 MB of RAM. The distribution fits on a single HD floppy disk. The small footprint provides additional benefits beyond making the system easy to understand and verify. A hard drive is not required to use THL, making it easier to "sanitize" the computer after use.
The logo of Tinfoil Hat is Tux, the Linux mascot, wearing a tinfoil hat.
The Shmoo Group website says "It started as a secure, single floppy, bootable Linux distribution for storing PGP keys and then encrypting, signing, and wiping files. At some point, it became an exercise in over-engineering."

## Security features

Tinfoil Hat uses a number of measures to defeat hardware and software surveillance methods like keystroke logging, video camera, and TEMPEST:
* Encryption — GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) public key cryptography software is included in THL.
* Data retrieval — All temporary files are created on an encrypted RAM disk that is destroyed on shutdown. Even the GPG key file information can be stored encrypted on the floppy.
* Keystroke monitoring — THL has GPG Grid, a wrapper for GPG that lets you use a video game-style character entry system instead of typing in your passphrase. Keystroke loggers get a set of grid points, instead of a passphrase.
* Power usage and other side-channel attacks — Under the Paranoid options, a copy of GPG runs in the background generating keys and encrypting random documents. This makes it harder to determine when real encryption is taking place.
* Reading the screen over the user's shoulder is made difficult when Tinfoil Hat is switched to paranoid mode, which sets the screen to a very low contrast.

## Applications

THL can be used on most modern PCs using the x86 processor architecture. For example, one might install it on a computer that is kept in a locked room, not connected to any network, and used only for cryptographically signing keys. It is fairly easy to create the Tinfoil Hat booting floppy with Microsoft Windows. Verifying the checksum can pose a greater challenge. The text of the documentation is salted with a few jokes, the humor working in stark contrast to the serious and paranoiac tone of the surrounding text. The very name of the distribution pokes fun at itself, as Tinfoil Hats are commonly ascribed to paranoiacs as a method of protecting oneself from mind-control waves.
Tinfoil Hat Linux requires one to work in a text-only environment in Linux, electing to start users with a Bourne shell, the text editor vi, and with no graphical user interface. It uses BusyBox instead of the normal Util-Linux, the GNU Core Utilities (formerly known as FileUtils, ShellUtils, and TextUtils), and other common Unix tools. Tinfoil Hat also offers the GNU nano text editor.
# Jules Bernardet

Jules Bernardet (born 2000) is a French slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2018.
He won a gold medal in the C1 team event at the 2023 World Championships in London.

## World Cup individual podiums

| Season | Date | Venue | Position | Event |
| 2020 | 18 October 2020 | Tacen | 3rd | C1 |
| 2023 | 10 June 2023 | Prague | 3rd | C1 |
| 2024 | 15 June 2024 | Kraków | 1st | C1 |
# HMS Edlingham (M2623)

HMS Edlingham was one of 93 ships of the Ham-class of inshore minesweepers.
Their names were all chosen from villages ending in -ham. The minesweeper was named after Edlingham in Northumberland.
# Linda Arkley

Linda Arkley OBE (February 1952 – 13 October 2023) was a British Conservative politician who served as the elected mayor of North Tyneside from 2003 to 2005 and from 2009 to 2013.

## Early life

Linda Arkley was born in February 1952. She attended The Bede School in Sunderland, and studied at both Sunderland University and Northumbria University. For most of Arkley's professional career she worked as a nurse and health visitor.

## Political career

Arkley was first elected as a councillor for Tynemouth ward in 1991, a seat she held until 1995 before regaining it in 1996. During this time she served as deputy leader of the Conservative group on North Tyneside council and in cabinet under Conservative Mayor, Chris Morgan.
The Conservative Mayor of North Tyneside, Chris Morgan, resigned in 2003 due to a scandal involving child pornography. Arkley stood in the subsequent by-election, and won in the second round defeating then MEP Gordon Adam.
Arkley was defeated in 2005 by Labour candidate John Harrison.
Later that year she stood in a council by-election in 2005, and was elected to represent Preston ward.
Arkley regained the mayoralty of North Tyneside in 2009, when she defeated Harrison. Towards the end of Arkley's second term she was expelled from a meeting of North Tyneside Council after she “berated” Labour councillor Sandra Graham after she asked questions about workers’ rights and the safeguarding of external funding.
In May 2013 she was defeated by the Labour candidate Norma Redfearn.
Arkley stood as the Conservative candidate for Tynemouth ward in 2014, when she was defeated by the Labour incumbent, Sarah Day. In the 2015 local elections, Linda Arkley again unsuccessfully attempted to return to North Tyneside Council by standing in Benton ward where she lost to Labour's Janet Hunter.
In March 2019, Linda Arkley announced her intention to seek the Conservative nomination in the inaugural North of Tyne Mayoral election, noting that she was the only declared female candidate for the office. Having chosen the International Women's Day to announce her decision, she told ChronicleLife that her candidacy had been inspired by "making sure this isn't a male dominated race." Arkley would go on to lose the nomination to local businessman Charlie Hoult.
Arkley made her return to North Tyneside Council in 2021, taking the seat of Cullercoats ward from the Labour Party in that year's local elections.
Linda Arkley died on 13 October 2023, at the age of 71.

## Honours

Arkley was made an Order of the British Empire in 2018 for political service.
# Nickel(II) fluoride

Nickel(II) fluoride is the chemical compound with the formula NiF$_2$. It is an ionic compound of nickel and fluorine and forms yellowish to green tetragonal crystals. Unlike many fluorides, NiF$_2$ is stable in air.
Nickel(II) fluoride is also produced when nickel metal is exposed to fluorine. In fact, NiF$_2$ comprises the passivating surface that forms on nickel alloys (e.g. monel) in the presence of hydrogen fluoride or elemental fluorine. For this reason, nickel and its alloys are suitable materials for storage and transport these fluorine and related fluorinating agents. NiF$_2$ is also used as a catalyst for the synthesis of chlorine pentafluoride.

## Preparation and structure

NiF$_2$ is prepared by treatment of anhydrous nickel(II) chloride with fluorine at 350 °C:
    NiCl$_2$ + F$_2$ → NiF$_2$ + Cl$_2$
The corresponding reaction of cobalt(II) chloride results in oxidation of the cobalt, whereas nickel remains in the +2 oxidation state after fluorination because its +3 oxidation state is less stable. Chloride is more easily oxidized than nickel(II). This is a typical halogen displacement reaction, where a halogen plus a less active halide makes the less active halogen and the more active halide.
Like some other metal difluorides, NiF$_2$ crystallizes in the rutile structure, which features octahedral Ni centers and planar fluorides. At low temperatures, its magnetic structure is antiferromagnetic.

## Reactions

A melt of NiF$_2$ and KF reacts to give successively potassium trifluoronickelate and potassium tetrafluoronickelate:
    NiF$_2$ + KF → K[NiF$_3$]
    K[NiF$_3$] + KF → K$_2$[NiF$_4$]
The structure of this material is closely related to some superconducting oxide materials.
Nickel(II) fluoride reacts with strong bases to give nickel(II) hydroxide:
    NiF$_2$ + 2 NaOH → Ni(OH)$_2$ + 2 NaF
# The Riddle (Five for Fighting song)

"The Riddle" is a song by American singer Five for Fighting. It was released on May 15, 2006 as the lead single from his fourth album Two Lights. The song peaked at number 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart during an 18-week chart stay, making it Five for Fighting's third and, to date, last top-40 hit in the United States. On the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, the single reached number four.

## Background and content

John Ondrasik has stated that it was the hardest to write of any of his songs, taking 18 months to write. By the end, he had over 100 drafts before he came up with the final version. Although it began as a song on the meaning of life, it later evolved into a song about the love between a father and his son, inspired by his relationship with his own five-year-old.

## Critical reception

Chuck Taylor of Billboard magazine gave the song a mixed review, calling it "refreshingly more uptempo and optimistic than previous 'Superman' and '100 Years,' albeit still probing for the meaning of life." He went on to say that "the sap factor is pretty high here, limiting the song's appeal to moms and wistful philosophers, and there's little remaining doubt that Five for Fighting is pretty much a one-trick pony."

## Music video

In July 2006, a music video was released to accompany the single, directed by Vem (also credited for directing the videos for O.A.R.'s "Love and Memories" and The Click Five's "Just the Girl").
The video features Five for Fighting's frontman John Ondrasik allowing his imagination to run wild, when he finds a crayon in the sand while waiting for a tow truck to collect his overheated '65 Mustang. Hastily he scribbles a piano to perform the ballad, and then draws and colors out all sorts of various distractions, including buzzards, rainclouds and jet fighters.
# Nothing Matters

Nothing Matters may refer to:
* "Nothing Matters" (The Last Dinner Party song)
* "Nothing Matters" (Jess & Matt song)
* "Nothing Matters" (Robert Lloyd and the New Four Seasons song)
* "Nothing Matters" (Vince Staples song)
* "Nothing Matters" (Blackbear song)
# Tip dating

Tip dating is a technique used in molecular dating that allows the inference of time-calibrated phylogenetic trees. Its defining feature is that it uses the ages of the samples to provide time information for the analysis, in contrast with traditional 'node dating' methods that require age constraints to be applied to the internal nodes of the evolutionary tree.
In tip dating, morphological data and molecular data are typically analysed together to estimate the evolutionary relationships (tree topology) and the divergence times among lineages (node times); this approach is also known as 'total-evidence dating'. However, tip dating can also be used to analyse data sets that only comprise morphological characters or that only comprise molecular characters (e.g., data sets that include samples of ancient DNA or of serially sampled viruses).
Tip dating has been implemented in Bayesian phylogenetic software and typically draws on the fossilised birth-death model for evolution. This is a model of diversification that allows speciation, extinction, and sampling of fossil and extant taxa.
This promising method is not yet fully mature, and there are a number of possible biases or undesirable behaviour that must be taken into account when interpreting its results.
# Klimas Gusočenko

Klimas Gusočenko (born 9 March 1989) is a Lithuanian professional footballer who plays as a defender.
# The Wii U

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# Dixie Plantation

The Dixie Plantation is a Southern plantation with a historic house located in Franklin, Louisiana, USA.

## History

The two-story mansion was built for Hilarie Carlin circa 1835. It was acquired by Richard A. Wilkins in 1846. Wilkins's sister, Sally, married George Pickett in this house in 1851; he later served as a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War of 1861–1865.
In 1883, it was purchased by Murphy J. Foster, who served as the 31st Governor of Louisiana from 1892 to 1900 and focused on voter disenfranchisement. The house was inherited by his granddaughter, Mrs Langfitt Bowditch Wilby.

## Architectural significance

It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 29, 1987.
# Ptkanów

Ptkanów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatów, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.
# CFU-DL

CFU-DL is a colony forming unit that gives rise to Langerhans cells.
# Ron Weissenhofer

Ronald Allen Weissenhofer (born February 3, 1964) is an American former professional football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He attended the University of Notre Dame. Weissenhofer played in one game for the New Orleans Saints in 1987.
# Fernand Sanz

Fernando "Fernand" Sanz y Martínez de Arizala (28 February 1881 – 8 January 1925) was a Spanish-born naturalized French racing cyclist, younger of two illegitimate sons of King Alfonso XII of Spain and his mistress, Elena Sanz. He participated in cycling at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris for France, and there won the silver medal in the men's sprint.
# Tire load sensitivity

Tire load sensitivity describes the behaviour of tires under load. Conventional pneumatic tires do not behave as classical friction theory would suggest. The load sensitivity of most real tires in their typical operating range is such that the coefficient of friction decreases as the vertical load, Fz, increases. The maximum lateral force that can be developed does increase as the vertical load increases, but at a diminishing rate.

## Behaviour

Coulomb friction theory says that the maximum horizontal force developed should be proportional to the vertical load on the tire. In practice, the maximum horizontal force Fy that can be generated is proportional, roughly, to the vertical load Fz raised to the power of somewhere between 0.7 and 0.9, typically.
Production car tires typically develop this maximum lateral force, or cornering force, at a slip angle of 6-10 degrees, although this angle increases as the vertical load on the tire increases. Formula 1 car tires may reach a peak side force at 3 degrees

## Example

As an example, here is data extracted from Milliken and Milliken's "Race Car Vehicle Dynamics", figure 2.9:
| Vertical load | Fy/Fz | Slip Angle |
| (lbf) | max | degrees |
| 900 | 1.10 | 5.6 |
| 1350 | 1.08 | 6.0 |
| 1800 | 0.97 | 6.7 |
The same sensitivity is typically seen in the longitudinal forces, and combined lateral and longitudinal slip.
# Crown Regency Hotel and Towers

The Crown Regency Hotel and Towers is a hotel complex in Cebu City, Philippines. The main building, the 45-storey Fuente Tower 1, is one of the taller hotel buildings in the country at about 160 meters (520 feet). It used to be the tallest building in Cebu City until it was eclipsed in 2015 by the first tower of Horizons 101, which stood at 178 metres (584 feet).
The top 38th of the hotel tower feature an amusement facility which includes a flat roller coaster utilizing a tilting vehicle that runs around the edge of the building as well as an activity of strolling around the edge of the building with the protection of safety harnesses. There are also two high-speed scenic elevators (as well as two high-speed elevators opposite them with traditional enclosed cabs) going from the building's 18th floor (Sky Lobby) all the way up to the 38th floor. The scenic elevators provide a great view of the rest of uptown Cebu City to the north.

## Architecture and design

The Crown Regency Hotel and Towers was designed by local architectural firm T.I. Vasquez Architects & Planners Inc., while the structural design was made by M.A. Coronel Engineering Consultancy (MACEC)
Other members of the design team are CMA Engineering Consultants (Sanitary, Mechanical, and Fire Safety Works); lraido T. Legaspi, Jr. & Associates (Electrical Works); and E.O. Bataclan & Associates (Interior Design).
The General Contractor that built the tower was ASEC Development and Construction Corporation.

## Height increase

The roof level's height was increased, in turnincreasing the height of the building in order to add new rides and attractions to the Sky Extreme Adventures facilities. At least an 80 ft (24.38 m) structure was added.
# Irha Alfeche

Irha Mel Inutan Alfeche (October 7, 1999), is a Filipino model and pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Philippines Earth 2024. She will represent the Philippines at Miss Earth 2024 to be held in the Philippines.
# Hall-Riggs syndrome

Hall-Riggs syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that causes neurological issues and birth defects. People with Hall-Riggs syndrome usually have skeletal dysplasia, facial deformities, and intellectual disabilities. Only 8 cases from 2 families worldwide have been described in medical literature. It is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, meaning both parents must carry the gene in order for their offspring to be affected.
Common characteristics of Hall-Riggs syndrome include:
* spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia
* short stature
* shortened limbs, fingers, and toes
* microcephaly
* scoliosis
* seizures
* widened nasal bridge and mouth
* other dysmorphic facial features
* intellectual disabilities
* recurrent vomiting episodes

## Cases

* 1975: Hall and Riggs describe 6 out of 15 children born to consanguineous parents. Said children had severe intellectual deficit, microcephaly, facial dysmorphisms consisting of nostril anteversion, depressed nasal bridge and large lips, and progressive dysplasia of the skeletal system, including scoliosis, flattened femoral heads, shortened femoral necks, shortened proximal segments of the arms, growth delays, and epiphyseal flattening affecting the fingers and ankles. Said children didn't acquire the ability of speech even in adulthood. The parents of the 15 children were healthy, unaffected first-cousins.
* 2000: Silengo and Rigardwtto describe two Italian siblings of the opposite sex born to healthy, unaffected non-consanguineous parents. Said children had the same symptoms as the previously described family alongside short stature and hypertelorbitism, Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia and mild epiphyseal changes were confirmed through radiographs. MRI findings included the presence of cavum vergae and multiple cysts in the septum pellucidum. EEGs came back abnormal. High-resolution karyotypes came back normal. The brother had a history of seizures and psychomotor instability and agitation. Other symptoms included brachydactyly type D, dorsal kyphosis, platyspondyly, enamel hypoplasia, coarse and thick hair, and feeding difficulties.