OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Entertainment in the 16th century

British Entertainment in the 16th century included art, fencing, painting, the stocks and even executions.
While the 16th century and early 17th century squarely fall into the Renaissance period in Europe, that period was not only one of scientific and cultural advance, but also involved the development of changing forms of entertainment – both for the masses and for the elite.
Despite the great breadth of advancements in the arts during this time, the economic conditions of this period affected the types of entertainment available. There were three classes in society: A wealthy nobility, a merchant class, and the peasantry, who were typically poor.

## Aristocratic entertainment

The nobility could commission artisans to entertain them with works of art, music and theatre (Kareti, 1997). They would also enjoy or participate in the sports of fencing, falconry, horse riding and hunting; they enjoyed extravagant parties and dances, attended the opera house, and had the best seats in the theater. At that time Cricket was also a game associated with the nobility. In 1563, Lawrence Humphrey praised the five classic sports of Greece for the nobility – "whirling, leaping, casting the darte, wrestling, running" and derided "dauncing, fayninge to instrumentes, playe at dise, chesse, or tennes."

## Entertainment for merchants

The middle class of merchants, wrights, inn keepers and the like, would occasionally enjoy the fine arts, for example the theater. Blood sports were popular – including bear baiting, bull baiting, dog fighting and cockfighting. Travelling troupes of actors entertained the masses. Enterprising bards would settle and build theaters – such as William Shakespeare’s Globe Theater (The Old Globe Theater History, 2005) in London.

## Entertainment for the poor

The poor could rarely afford the theater, generally having to stand as groundlings. Executions were seen as a form of entertainment (Alchin, 2005), as was attending public humiliations in the stocks.
# Theodolphus Cox

Theodolphus Alexander Cox (1855–1908) was a New Zealand cricketer who played four first-class matches for Wellington in the 1880s.
# USS Simon Newcomb

USS Simon Newcomb (AGSC-14/YMS-263) was a YMS-1-class minesweeper of the YMS-135 subclass acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II, and whose task was assisting in minesweeping and surveying coastal waters.

## History

YMS-263 was laid down on 21 August 1942 by the South Coast Shipyard, Newport Beach, California and launched on 2 November 1942. The vessel was commissioned on 11 August 1943.
YMS-263 completed fitting out and shakedown in the San Diego, California, area from 15 October to 3 November. She then performed sweeping operations in Los Angeles Harbor until sailing for Kauai, Territory of Hawaii, on 5 January 1944. From Hawaii, the sweeper was ordered to the Marshall Islands to sweep during the amphibious assault on Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls from 31 January to 8 February. Majuro was the sweeper's main base during the next 11 months. From July to December, she made escort trips to Tarawa and Eniwetok. On 6 December 1944, she was ordered to return to San Pedro, California, via Johnston Island and Pearl Harbor.
The minesweeper arrived at San Pedro on 17 January and entered the yard of the Wilmington Boat Works for conversion to an amphibious hydrographic survey ship. On 20 March, YMS-263 was redesignated AGS-14 and named Simon Newcomb. On 21 April, she was ready for sea and departed for Majuro via Pearl Harbor and Johnston Island. Simon Newcomb called at Eniwetok on 1 June and proceeded to Guam, arriving there on 7 June. She operated from there for the next five months, performing hydrographic work; sometimes as far afield as Okinawa.
Simon Newcomb returned to the west coast on 25 December 1945 and was routed to Norfolk, Virginia, via the Panama Canal, arriving on 21 January 1946. From early February to 2 May, the survey ship operated with a hydrographic party off the Bahama Islands. On 29 July, she was redesignated as AGSC-14. After seven days at Boothbay, Maine, in November, Simon Newcomb moved south on 26 November and operated between Key West, Florida, Vera Cruz, Mexico, and New Orleans, Louisiana, until 10 April 1948 when she returned to Norfolk.
She operated in northern waters for the next eight months, plying between New York City, Argentia and Labrador. Simon Newcomb returned to Key West on 18 December 1948 and operated from there until 10 April 1949 when she resumed her northern station. On 9 August she ran hard aground at Mother Burns Cove, Labrador. She was refloated, patched up, and towed to Norfolk for disposal.
Simon Newcomb was decommissioned on 10 November 1949, struck from the Navy list on 31 January 1950, and sold to B. F. M. Industries, Brooklyn, New York, on 25 April for scrap.

## Awards and honors

Simon Newcomb received one battle star for World War II service.
# Goodbye to the Age of Steam

Goodbye To The Age of Steam is the debut studio album by the English progressive rock band, Big Big Train. It was released in 1994, by Giant Electric Pea. On the official BBT website, Spawton has revealed that "much of the album was about how people lose their way in their lives; about the tightrope we all walk every day. The album title wasn't linked to this, but it conveyed a feeling of pathos which fitted the mood of the songs."

## Re-release

The original album is out of print. In 2010 it was remastered by members of the band, and the track list has been expanded by three tracks: one being recorded for the 1993 demo The Infant Hercules, one newly recorded instrumental track from the 2010 line-up (including Nick D'Virgilio on drums and David Longdon on keyboards), and an expanded version of the original album track "Losing Your Way". The remastered version was released in 2011 with new artwork and liner notes.

## Track listing
### 2011 bonus tracks

* Far Distant Thing (Spawton) – 4:35 (1993 recording, originally released on The Infant Hercules)
* Expecting Dragons (Spawton) – 7:16 (new recording)
* Losing Your Way (Spawton) – 10:01 (extended version)

## Personnel

* Ian Cooper – keyboards
* Steve Hughes – drums and percussion
* Andy Poole – bass
* Martin Read – vocals
* Greg Spawton – guitars, additional keyboards
* David Longdon – flute and keyboards on Expecting Dragons, 2011
* Nick D'Virgilio – drums on Expecting Dragons, 2011

### Guest musicians

* Rob Aubrey – backing vocals
* Ken Bundy – backing vocals
* Gary Chandler – backing vocals
* Sally French – backing vocals
* Stuart Nicholson – backing vocals
* Martin Orford – backing vocals
* Mandy Taylor – backing vocals
* Steve Christey – windchimes
# Roger Woods

Roger Woods (born 1949) is a British contemporary historian who specialises on 20th-century German political history.

## Life and career

Woods is Emeritus Professor in the Department of German studies at the University of Nottingham.
From 2004 to 2006, he was Chairman of the University Council of Modern Languages, and then Provost and CEO of University of Nottingham Ningbo China from 2007 to 2010.

## Works

* The Conservative Revolution in the Weimar Republic. Palgrave Macmillan, 1996. 173 pp. ISBN 978-0333650141
* Germany's New Right as Culture and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. 183 pp. ISBN 978-1349353019
* Opposition in the GDR under Honecker, 1971-85: An Introduction and Documentation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. 257pp. ISBN 978-1349080342
# Span (design firm)

Span is an American multidisciplinary studio in Chicago, Illinois, specializing in identity design, branding, exhibition design, environmental graphics, motion graphics, interactive design, and publications. It was founded in 2020 by Bud Rodecker and John Pobojewski who both worked at the design studio Thirst with Rick Valicenti. In 2023, Nick Adam became Associate Partner.

## Notable projects

In 2024, Span led the rebranding of one of Chicago's oldest institutions, the Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum. The studio used the prairie as a key design inspiration
The rebrand of the invasive species of carps—which were widely referred to as Asian carp—as Copi, along with the tagline “Eat Well. Do Good.” The Copi renaming is a part of a Federal and state initiative to get the public to eat the invasive fish, decrease its numbers in Midwestern waterways, and prevent its introduction to the Great Lakes.
The identity and brand identity system for Chicago's Regional Transportation Authority (Illinois).
The short 3D animation/motion graphics films called Urban Sequoia -- about buildings that absorb carbon--which premiered at the UN Climate Change Conferences in 2021 and 2022.
The exhibition graphics for Design and Healing: Creative Responses to Epidemics at the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum.
The rebrand of and brand identity for New York state’s Nazareth University.
The identity for Bronzeville, Chicago’s new public park, the South Side Sanctuary.
Co-producing with Manual Cinema the puppetry + digital animation film, Countdown.
Designing Slow & Low, a retrospective book of Chicago’s Lowrider community.

## Awards

* Anthem Awards for Sustainability, Environment & Climate, 2023.
* AIGA 365, 2022.
* Society of Typographic Arts, STA 100, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023.
* AIGA 365, 2024.

## Identities designed

* Logo for Copi the new name for Asian carp
* The Copi food truck at the 2023 Illinois State Fair in Springfield Illinois
* Chicago's Regional Transportation Authority logo
* Identity for Nazareth University, rebranded as NAZ
* Identity for Chicago's Nature Museum
# CIEL-FM-4

CIEL-FM-4 is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Trois-Pistoles, Quebec. The station airs a mix of locally produced programming and simulcasting of CIEL-FM in Rivière-du-Loup.
Owned and operated by Radio CJFP (1986) ltée, which is part of Groupe Radio Simard, the station broadcasts on 93.9 MHz with an effective radiated power of 229 watts using an omnidirectional antenna (class A1). It features an adult contemporary format under the CIEL branding.

## History

The station's roots date back to 1970, when CIEL's AM predecessor CJFP was authorized by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission to add some programming from a studio in Trois-Pistoles to the main AM signal originating in Rivière-du-Loup. However, because the AM signal failed to adequately serve Trois-Pistoles at nighttime, an FM rebroadcaster with the call sign CJTF-FM was added in 1985.
This transmitter was deleted from CJFP's license in 1997, becoming a separate station with a license commitment to air at least 10 hours per week of distinct programming at Trois-Pistoles. The station adopted its current call sign in 2001, at the same time CJFP became CIEL-FM.
# Paola Piazzolla

Paola Piazzolla (born 21 October 1996) is an Italian lightweight rower world champion at senior level at the World Rowing Championships.

## Biography

Maregotto started the activity in 2008, having her senior debut in 2017. In addition to the international medal won at a senior level, at the youth level she won three more medals.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Rank | Event | Time |
| 2017 | World Championships | Sarasota | 1st | Lightweight quadruple sculls | 6:33.97 |
# Gierczyce, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Gierczyce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wojciechowice, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-west of Wojciechowice, 7 km (4 mi) east of Opatów, and 65 km (40 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
# The Young Lord

The Young Lord (鬼斬り若様, Onikiri Wakasama) is a 1955 black-and-white Japanese film directed by Kimiyoshi Yasuda.

## Cast

* Ichikawa Raizō VIII
# HMS Flintham (M2628)

HMS Flintham was one of 93 ships of the Ham-class of inshore minesweepers.
Their names were all chosen from villages ending in -ham. The minesweeper was named after Flintham in Nottinghamshire.
# Kathleen Hirsch

Kathleen Hirsch (born June 1, 1953) is an American author.
Hirsch received her B.A. in political science and English in 1975 at Mount Holyoke College and her M.F.A in fiction writing from Brown University in 1979. She joined the staff of The Boston Phoenix in 1983, reporting on Boston's subcultures and marginal populations. She profiled two homeless women in a book, "Songs from the Alley."
She has taught writing at Boston College, Harvard University, Wellesley College, and Brown University. She is a contributor to the Boston Globe's Catholic news site, Crux.

## Works

* 2001: A Sabbath Life: A Woman's Search for Wholeness (ISBN 978-0385412773)
* 1998: A Home in the Heart of a City: A Woman's Search for Community (ISBN 978-0374280796)
* 1997: "Mothers: Twenty Stories of Contemporary Motherhood" - co-editor with Katrina Kenison (ISBN 978-0865475113)
* 1989: Songs from the Alley (ISBN 978-0385412773)
# Asura camerunensis

Asura camerunensis is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It is found in Cameroon.
# Usogorsk

Usogorsk (Russian: Усого́рск; Komi: Усогорск) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Udorsky District of the Komi Republic, Russia, located at the confluence of the Us and Mezen Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 5,343.

## History

In December 1967, an agreement was signed between the governments of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of Bulgaria to harvest Soviet timber for the needs of Bulgarian economy. Two months later, a team of Bulgarian builders arrived in Udorsky District and began to build the first of the three planned logging companies. After several years of work, three localities (Usogorsk, Blagoyevo, and Mezhdurechensk) serving the logging operations developed in the area. Urban-type settlement status was granted to Usogorsk in 1971.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Usogorsk, together with three rural localities, is incorporated within Udorsky District as Usogorsk Urban-Type Settlement Administrative Territory (an administrative division of the district). As a municipal division, Usogorsk Urban-Type Settlement Administrative Territory is incorporated within Udorsky Municipal District as Usogorsk Urban Settlement.
# Louis Desmarais

Louis R. Desmarais (16 February 1923 – 25 March 2017) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a Chartered Accountant by career. In 1968, he became president of Les Entreprises de Transport Provincial limitée, and he was president of Canada Steampship Line, whose head manager in Quebec City was André Poliquin.
He represented the riding of Dollard since his victory there in the 1979 federal election and his re-election in 1980. Desmarais was defeated in the 1984 federal election by Gerry Weiner of the Progressive Conservative Party. He served in the 31st and 32nd Canadian Parliaments.
His brother Jean Noël Desmarais was a physician and senator, and his brother Paul Desmarais was a billionaire businessman.
# Genocide & Juice

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | |
Genocide & Juice is the second studio album by American hip hop group the Coup. It was released on Wild Pitch Records in October 1994. It peaked at number 27 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart, as well as number 62 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.
The album's title is a reference to the cocktail "gin and juice", made famous by Snoop Dogg's song of the same name, which was released nine months prior.

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 27 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 62 |
# Theobroma (disambiguation)

Theobroma (Theobroma spp) is the genus of plant labelled in Latin as the "food of the gods" in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus.
Theobroma may also refer to:
* Theobroma, Rondônia, a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rondônia.
* Theobroma oil, also known as cocoa butter, extracted from Theobroma spp seeds.
# USS Seagull (AMS-55)

USS Seagull (MCS(O)-55/AMS-55/YMS-402) was a YMS-1-class minesweeper of the YMS-135 subclass built for the United States Navy during World War II.

## History

Seagull was laid down as YMS-402 on 24 July 1942 by Henry B. Nevins, Inc., City Island, Bronx; launched on 17 April 1943; and commissioned on 26 June 1943.
In mid-August 1943, YMS-402 reported for duty in the Eastern Sea Frontier. For the next year, she operated out of the Naval Frontier Base, Tompkinsville, Staten Island, New York.
On 28 August 1944, she departed that base for San Diego, California, and duty in the central Pacific. Arriving at Eniwetok, Marshall Islands, on 20 November, the motor minesweeper, as a unit of Mine Squadron 102, remained in the Marshall-Gilberts force for the next nine months, conducting local minesweeping, escort, and patrol operations, and making an occasional escort into the Western Carolines. After the cessation of hostilities in the Pacific, she prepared for postwar minesweeping activities; and, at the end of August 1945, she sailed for Okinawa and Japan.
During the fall, she participated in the opening of Nagoya and Wakayama; and, with the new year, 1946, she headed back to the United States. After stops in the Marshalls and in the Hawaiian Islands, she arrived at San Pedro, California, in early April. She remained on the west coast into the summer; and, at the end of June, she sailed for New York, where she was decommissioned on 1 August 1946.
Placed in service again, YMS-402 departed New York on 30 October and moved north to the St. Lawrence, whence she proceeded to Buffalo, where she served as a naval reserve training ship until after the outbreak of war in Korea. Named USS Seagull and redesignated AMS-55 on 1 September 1947 and recommissioned on 10 May 1950, the former YMS returned to the Atlantic in September 1951 and took up training duties in the 5th Naval district. Initially based at Norfolk, Virginia, and then at the Mine Warfare School, Yorktown, Virginia.
She continued to operate out of the Hampton Roads/Virginia Capes area through 1954. Then, in 1955, Seagull, redesignated MSC(O)-55 on 7 February, was transferred to Charleston, South Carolina, whence, for the remainder of her career, she conducted operations which took her along the southeastern Atlantic seaboard, along the ‘gulf coast, and into the Caribbean as a unit of MinRon 4.
In mid-July 1957, the coastal minesweeper departed Charleston for Philadelphia, where she was decommissioned on 11 October and placed in reserve. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 November 1959.

## Awards and honors

YMS-402 earned one battle star for her post-World War II minesweeping activities.
# Sierra de Vicort

Sierra de Vicort, also known as Sierra de Vicor (Aragonese: Sierra de Bicort), is a 20 km (12 mi) long mountain range in the Comunidad de Calatayud and Campo de Daroca comarcas of Aragon, Spain.
The ridge is aligned in a NW-SE direction. It stretches southeast of the Sierra de la Virgen in the same direction roughly between Paracuellos de la Ribera and Codos. It is separated from Sierra de la Virgen by the Jalón River valley. Sierra de Algairén runs north of Sierra de Vicort with a long tectonic basin between them, the Grio River Valley, a tributary of the Jalón having its source in Sierra de Vicort.
Sierra de Vicort's highest point is Pico del Rayo (1,420 m). The range forks into two subranges towards its southeastern end, Sierra del Espigar, highest point 1,277 m and Sierra de la Modorra, highest point 1,279 m. The northeastern side of the range is abrupt, while its southwestern flanks, descending towards the Sediles and Mara plateaux are much smoother.
Highway Carretera Nacional N-II crosses the northern end of the range, near El Frasno. There are ancient Celtiberian archaeological remains in and around the range. Some authors claim that the name "Vicort" itself is of Celtiberian origin.

## Flora and human activity

These mountains have many forested patches, consisting mainly of pine and Quercus rotundifolia, Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus faginea oaks with heath and broom and Calluna vulgaris shrub, as well as thyme and Festuca grassland in between. Centaurea pinnata is an endangered species of plant present in this mountain range. The southern slopes of Sierra de Vicort are often subject to wildfires in periods of prolonged drought.
Traditional cattle rearing activities still survive on dry grasslands in certain villages around the range. There are also a number of hunters visiting Sierra de Vicort, especially on weekends. The largely ruined ghost town of Aldehuela de Santa Cruz and almost uninhabited Viver de Vicort are located in this range.
On 1,411 m high Pico de Santa Brígida there is a weather radar antenna, part of the Inogés military base. There is also a Virgin Mary shrine located in the heights of the mountain range, the sanctuary known as Ermita de Nuestra Señora de Jerusalen.
# Rancho Santa Ana

Rancho Santa Ana was a 21,522-acre (87.10 km$^2$) Mexican land grant in present day Ventura County, California given in 1837 by Governor Juan Alvarado to Crisogono Ayala and Cosme Vanegas. Rancho Santa Ana was located inland in the Ventura River Valley on the west side of the Ventura River across from Rancho Ojai which was granted in the same year. Rancho Santa Ana encompassed present day Lake Casitas and Oak View.

## History

The four square league Rancho Santa Ana was granted to Crisógono Ayala and his father-in-law Cosme Vanegas was part of the lands of Mission San Buenaventura. Cosme Damien Vanegas (1780–), was the son of Los Angeles Pobladores Jose Maria Vanegas (1753–) and Maria Bonifacia Maxima Aguilar(–1801). Jose Maria Vanegas was alcalde (mayor) of Los Angeles from about 1786 to 1788 and again in 1796. Jose Crisógono Dolores Ayala (1793–1866) married Bárbara Bernidina Vanegas (1800–).
With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican–American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Santa Ana was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to Crisogono Ayala and Cosme Vanegas in 1870.
José de Arnaz (1820–1895), grantee of Rancho Ex-Mission San Buenaventura, bought a one sixth share of Rancho Santa Ana in 1854. In 1874, Arnaz sold the land to sea captain Richard Robinson, Judge Eugene Fawcett, Jr., and H.C. Dean, who subdivided the land and started the development of the Ventura River Valley.

## Historic sites of the Rancho

* Santa Ana Rancho Adobe. Adobe house, two-story, built in the late 1850s by José de Arnaz.
# St. John's United Church of Christ, Richmond, Virginia

St. John's United Church of Christ is a historic church in Richmond, Virginia. It was founded as 'Saint John's German Lutheran Evangelical Church and was called St. John’s Evangelical and Reformed Church from 1943 to 1962.
The congregation formed in 1843 to minister to the very large German immigrant population of Richmond (especially the Carver neighborhood) at the time. The name "German Lutheran Evangelical Church" was selected as its members were Lutherans, but the church has never been affiliated with any Lutheran denomination. It operated independently until 1874 when it affiliated with the German Evangelical Synod of North America, a predecessor of the United Church of Christ.
After meeting in member homes for several years, the congregation moved into a new church building on North Fifth Street at Jackson in 1847. It moved into a larger building in 1881, and into its current facilities in 1928. The church houses one of the three remaining intact EM Skinner pipe organs on the East Coast of the United States.
One prominent member of St. Johns was Conrad Frederick Sauer, whose family-owned CF Sauer factory exists nearby on Broad Street to this day. . Virginia Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. and his family were members of this congregation during his first term. St John's was also influential in forming the Gesangsverein Virginia, or "Virginia" German singing society that was a pillar of Richmond's German community and still exists today