OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Taractrocera maevius

Taractrocera maevius, the common grass dart, is a species of butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It is found in India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar.

## Description

   Male. Upperside olive-brown, with yellowish-white markings. Forewing with a short streak on the median vein in the middle of the cell, another above it at the upper end, with two short small streaks between it and the costa, sometimes connected together; a series of spots in two parts across the disc, three conjoined from the costa near the apex, and four commencing at the base of the second median interspace, divided from each other by the veins, all the spots somewhat quadrate and excavated on their outward sides, two small quadrate spots nearer the margin in the fifth and sixth interspaces. Hindwing with a series of small spots in almost a straight line in the middle of the disc. Cilia of both wings grey with white tips. Underside with the colour similar, almost as dark as on the upperside, markings similar, but on the hindwing there is a bar across the end of the cell, and two small sub-apical spots outside it. Antennse black with white bands, the club with a white basal patch on the underside; palpi above grey with some white hairs, pure white on the underside; head and body concolorous with the wings, abdomen with white segmental bands.
   Female. Upperside like the male, but somewhat paler, the spots larger and more prominent. Underside with the markings as on the upperside. Forewing with the costal and apical portions whitish, the veins below the costa and at the apex white, a narrow, white outer marginal band and a black marginal line. Hindwing entirely suffused with white, all the veins pure white.

## Field characteristics

The common grass dart is similar in size and markings to the Tamil grass dart Taractrocera ceramas Hewitson, but the spots on the forewings is white. It shares its habits and habitat with the Tamil grass dart. However, it is also found away from the hills and is widespread in the plains of Indian peninsula. In flight, it can resemble the grass blues (Zizeeria spp.).

## Status, distribution and habitat

It is one of the most common of the skippers in the grasslands of the Western Ghats and occurs from low elevations up to montane grasslands. It is also found in grassy clearings in the forests and in rice fields. It occurs in the monsoon and immediate post-monsoon months when the vegetation is green, but occasional specimens may appear in other seasons as well.
The caterpillars feed on various species of grasses, including rice, Oryza sativa.
# Alexander Laird

Alexander Laird (1797 – April 15, 1873) was a Scottish-born farmer and political figure in Prince Edward Island. He represented 1st Queens from 1850 to 1853 and from 1854 to 1859 as a Conservative and 2nd Queens from 1859 to 1866 as a Liberal in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island.
A native of Kilmacolm, he came to Prince Edward Island in 1819 and married Janet Orr in the same year. They settled at New Glasgow. He was elected in 1850 but defeated when he ran for reelection in 1853; Laird was elected again in 1854. He was originally a supporter of the Liberals, but later ran as a Tory in 1859 after he split from his former party over the issue of the place of the Bible in schools. Laird served in the provincial Executive Council in the government of Edward Palmer from 1859 to 1863. He retired from politics in 1866. Laird died on his farm in New Glasgow in 1873.
His sons Alexander and William served in the province's legislative assembly, Alexander also serving in the legislative council, and his son David was a member of the House of Commons and Lieutenant-Governor for the Northwest Territories.
# Telicota eurychlora

Telicota eurychlora, the dingy darter, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Australia along the south-eastern coast of New South Wales and the north-eastern coast of Queensland.
The larvae feed on Cladium procerum.
# Portuguese inventions

The Portuguese inventions are the inventions created by the people born in Portugal (continent or overseas), or whose nationality is Portuguese. These inventions were created mainly during the age of Portuguese discoveries, and during modernity.
Relying on trade secret explains, in part, the difficulty often experienced by researchers in documenting Portuguese inventions, as many are not described in patent documents, or other technical documents. On the other hand, there are cases, like some types of swords, where the inventions themselves or the underlying documents were lost, having been destroyed, for example, during the French invasions. There are as well documentation and objects of Portuguese origin in private collections or museums outside of Portugal.

## Discoveries

The creation of new inventions in Portugal was at its peak during the Age of Discovery. These inventions consisted mainly in the improvement of devices and techniques of ocean navigation and coastal cartography, such as the mariner's astrolabe and the chart of latitudes. On the field of military applications, the construction of cannons and new types of swords, like the Carracks black sword.

### Modernity

More recently, the technical domain varies from computers to medicine. Such examples might be Via Verde, an automatic system for collecting tolls for vehicles; the Multibanco, an automatic teller machine network with a multitude of functions ranging from bank transfers to the payment of tickets for shows; or in the field of medicine, a treatment of epilepsy, the drug Zebinix by Bial Laboratories.

## Gallery of Portuguese inventions

* Carrack (Nau) – the Oceanic Carrack (a new and different model, and largest carrack)
* Galleon – the Oceanic Galleon
* Square-rigged caravel – Round caravel. The most enduring and replicated model of the ships with this name, and predecessor of other ships of the range.
* The nonius
* The mariner's astrolabe
* The Passarola, the first known airship
* The Pyreliophorus
* Tempura
* Marmalade
* The drug Zebinix
* The Carracks black sword
* Cerebral angiography
* The Via Verde toll collection system
* The All-on-4 dental method
* Prepaid mobile phone
* Multibanco
* Coloradd
* Herrmann wall telephone
# A Natural Disaster

A Natural Disaster is the seventh album by the British rock band Anathema. It was released on 3 November 2003 in the United Kingdom and on 24 February 2004 in the United States through Music for Nations.

## Background

This is the first album to feature the band's original bassist Jamie Cavanagh, brother of band members Vincent and Daniel, who left in 1991, prior to any release, and returned in 2001.

## Track listing

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Silencio Hungary | |
| Chronicles of Chaos | |
All tracks are written by Daniel Cavanagh, except where noted
# CL International Brigade

The CL International Brigade or 150th International Brigade, also known as "Dabrowski Brigade" (Spanish: Brigada Dombrowski or Brigada Dabrowski), was a military unit of the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War. Its members were mostly Polish, but there was also a Spanish battalion, as well as a Hungarian section.

## History

This relatively short-lived mixed brigade was established on 27 May 1937 as the Dabrowski Brigade (Brigada Dabrowski), officially the 150th International Brigade of the loyalist army under the leadership of Fernando Gerassi. It was initially formed by the Dabrowski Battalion, the André Marty Battalion and the Rakosi Battalion which were sent to the Aragon Front as part of the new unit.
Later, in order to make up for the heavy losses incurred during the Huesca Offensive in mid June, a new battalion was added, the José Palafox Battalion. The CL International Brigade took part in the Battle of Brunete in July as part of the 45th Division, also known as "45th International Division", led by Kléber. At that time the brigade had 1,910 men distributed in four battalions. Is performance was poor and it suffered heavy losses during the combats, ending up quite battered when the operations in the Brunete area came to an end. Thus, on 4 August the CL International Brigade was disbanded and its battalions were transferred to other units of the International Brigades. Most of the men of the defunct unit ended up in the XIII International Brigade.

### Posthumous honors

The postal service of the Polish People's Republic issued two stamps in 1946 and one in 1966 commemorating the Brigada Dombrowski. Also two pieces of postal stationery were issued, one in 1946 and another in 1986.
In 1956 the government of the Polish People's Republic established the award 'Za wolność waszą i naszą' for the members of the Polish Brigade in Spain (Dąbrowszczacy).

## Structure

Some of the battalions of the CL International Brigade were transferred from other units, while others were established anew. The brigade included the following battalions during the time of its existence:
* Dabrowski Battalion also known as the Dombrowski Battalion – exiled Polish volunteers
* Djuro Djakovic Battalion – Yugoslav volunteers
* André Marty Battalion – Franco-Belgian volunteers (named after André Marty).
* Rakosi Battalion – Polish and Hungarian volunteers
* Adam Mickiewicz Battalion – Polish volunteers
* José Palafox Battalion – Polish and Spanish volunteers
# Ajan Yili

Ajan Yelli (Persian: اجن يلي, also Romanized as Ājan Yelli) is a village in Aq Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kalaleh County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 738, in 163 families.
# Ik Tara

Ik Tara (Punjabi: ਇਕ ਤਾਰਾ), also spelled as Iktara or sometimes Ektara', was the first LP record of Kuldeep Manak released by HMV in 1976. It was released after about one year of recording as the record manager of HMV, Zaheer Ahmad, delayed its release as he was frightened the record would not do well in the market.

## Music

Kesar Singh Narula composed the music and the lyricists mainly includes Dev Tharike Wala (also known as Hardev Dilgir).

## Track listing

* Tere Tille Ton (Kali)
* Chheti Kar Sarwan Bachcha
* Chithian Sahiban Jatti Ne
* Mere Yaar Nu Manda Na Bolin
* Kaulan
* Garh Mughlane Dian Naaran

## Response

The record was a huge success specially the kali, Tere Tille Ton, established Manak as Kalian Da Badshah (English: King of Kalis) although he sang only about 13 kalis in his career.
# Gjinoc

Gjinoc (Albanian: Gjinoc/Gjinaj, Serbian Cyrillic: Ђиновце/Đinovce) is a village in Suharekë municipality, Kosovo.

## Etymylogy

The name of the village derives from the Albanian name Gjin.

## History

The village was mentioned in the year 1348 together with 8 other Albanian villages in the area. The village was also recorded in the Ottoman register of 1591 as 'Gjinofic'

## Notable people

* Albin Berisha, Kosovan footballer
* Urim Zenelaj, Kosovan basketball player
# Bjerkvik Church

Bjerkvik Church (Norwegian: Bjerkvik kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Bjerkvik. It is the church for the Bjerkvik parish which is part of the Ofoten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, concrete church was built in a long church style in 1955 using plans drawn up by the architects Arnstein Arneberg and Per Solemslie. The church seats about 320 people.

## History

The first church was built in Bjerkvik in 1914. Allied forces destroyed it on 13 April 1940, during World War II. Its replacement was completed in 1955 and consecrated that same year on 14 August by the Bishop Wollert Krohn-Hansen.
# Ikar v'tafel

Ikar v'tafel (Hebrew: עיקר וטפל, lit. 'primary and secondary') is a principle in Jewish law that governs the proper blessing that is assigned to any particular food prior to consumption.

## Overview

Prior to consuming any food or beverage, a Jew must recite a blessing to express his or her gratitude to God for providing sustenance; additionally, because the entire world is believed to be in the possession of the Almighty, specific praise must be offered to God prior to deriving benefit.
There are different blessings for each of the different halachic food groups:
* bread
* other grain products
* wine and grape juice
* fruit and nuts
* vegetables
* all other foods and drinks
When an individual eats two foods together, one of which is primary and the other of which is subsidiary to it, only one blessing is recited, as stated in B.Mishna Berachot 6:7, "Whenever a primary food [ikar] is accompanied by a subsidiary food [tafel], the blessing is recited on the primary food, exempting the subsidiary food."
While the laws governing this principle are complex, some of its basic rules are straightforward. It pertains only to foods eaten in a combined form. One who has a cookie and tea must make two blessings, one on each of the items. It is when one is eating something akin to apple pie, beef stew or stuffed cabbage, which are foods consisting of multiple parts (crust and pie, beef and potatoes or meat and cabbage, respectively) that the principle of ikar v'tafel is applied (Aruch Hashulchan 212:1, 2).
# Tourism Industry Council Tasmania

Tourism Industry Council Tasmania (TICT) is an organisation based in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
It is the peak industry body for tourism in Tasmania, and issues related to the industry.
It also seeks to influence government in issues relative to strategy for the Tourism industry in Tasmania, either in partnership or advocacy with Tourism Tasmania. As well as establishing protocol for tourism in particular environments.
# Chuck Brown (comics artist)

Chuck Brown is an American comics artist known for co-creating the comic book series Bitter Root and Flawed, and the webcomic 1000.

## Biography

Brown grew up in Latta, South Carolina. He attended Benedict College, where he created the comic book American Empire with several other students. The series was set in a universe where the United States was a front for an evil empire that controlled the world. After graduating, he began working and eventually had a job in IT at the University of South Carolina.
In 2017, Brown co-created 1000 with Sanford Greene. Brown and Greene had previously worked together creating Dark Horse Comics' Rotten Apple. Brown quit his IT job in 2021, during the Covid pandemic, so that he could become a full-time comics creator.
Brown co-created Bitter Root, a comic book about monster hunters in the Harlem Renaissance, with Sanford Greene and David F. Walker.
He wrote the Image Comics series Flawed, about Gem Ezz, a psychiatrist who moonlights as a vigilante. It debuted on September 28, 2022. Brown has also written runs of Marvel Comics and DC Comics, such as Black Panther, Wolverine, Punisher, Superman, Black Manta and Aquaman.

## Awards and nominations

He has received a Ringo Award for Best Series for Bitter Root, and Best Webcomic for 1000. Bitter Root won the Eisner Award for Best Continuing Series in 2020 and 2022. The series was also nominated for the Golden Issue Award, and the Dragon Award.
# Günther Thomann

Günther H. Thomann M.Th. (born 1957) is a German author, doctor and ordained minister who is living in Nürnberg, Germany.
He is the author of a large body of scholarly books, articles and essays on the subjects of Theology, Religion, Christianity, and Church History. He has assisted other scholars in producing fundamental works about New religious movements and documented the development and leading figures in minor churches such as the Lutheran John Ernest Grabe and Richard Williams Morgan, founder of the Ancient British Church. His work has been reviewed by sources such as The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, (a Cambridge University journal) and is widely cited by his peers.

## Selected bibliography

* 1985: Thomann, Günther, Christoph Matthäus Pfaff (1686–1760) und die Anfänge der dogmengeschichtlichen Disziplin, Blätter für württembergische Kirchengeschichte, 85, 1985, 83–133
* 1991: Thomann, Günther, Die Lehre von der Wiedergeburt bei William Law (1686–1761), Zeitschrift für Religions-und Geistesgeschichte- Journal of Religious and Intellectual History [de], 43,1991, 305–23
* 1992: Thomann, Günther, "John Ernest Grabe (1660–1711): Lutheran Syncretist and Patristic Scholar". Journal of Ecclesiastical History; 43, pp. 414–27, July 1992.
* 1993: Thomann, Günther, Studies in English Church History: Essays in English Liturgy and Piety from the Celtic Church to the Nonjurors, 9 November 2012.
* 1994: Thomann, Günther, The Epiclesis in the Gregorian Canon, Together with a Few Remarks on the Epiclesis in the Book of Common Prayer, Anglican Catholic Church.
* 1994: Thomann, Günther, Uniate Movements With Eastern Orthodoxy and Their Failure. Stoke-on-Trent: [no publ.]
* 1995: Thomann, Günther, The Western Rite in Orthodoxy: Union and Reunion Schemes of Western and Eastern Churches with Eastern Orthodoxy – a brief historical outline, 3rd ed., Nürnberg, private publication, pp. 51–74.
* 1995: --do.-- --do.-- d, 106 pp. Claremont, CA: Anglican Theological Seminary in California
* 1997: Thomann, Günther, The Anglican Crisis: A Brief Survey of the Origin and Development of Independent Anglican Churches.
* 1998: Thomann, Günther, The Revival of Hellenist Religion: Agrippa of Nettesheim, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and the Neo-pagan Movement.
* 2001: Thomann, Günther, A Short Biography of the Reverend Richard Williams Morgan (c:1815–1889), the Welsh poet and re-founder of the ancient British Church. An enquiry into the origins of neo-Celtic Christianity, together with a reprint of several works by Richard Williams Morgan and Jules Ferrette, etc. Pp. iii+133. Solna, Sweden: St Ephrem's Institute.
* 2013: Thomann, Günther, and Giewald, Arne: The Lutheran High Church Movement in Germany and Its Liturgical Work: An Introduction, no place of publication.
A number of articles has been published in The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon, and Anglo-Orthodoxy and Church and King.
# Starda

Starda is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Gaiole in Chianti, province of Siena.

## History

The village of Starda was built around the year 1000, in the early medieval period, probably founded by the Guidi counts. Located in a strategic position along the road that leads to Montevarchi, in the county of Arezzo, it was often disputed by Florentines and Sienese.
Decayed starting from the 15th century, the village with the castle soon abandoned its defensive function, thus becoming more frequented as a stopping place for travelers, also thanks to the establishment of an important market.
In 1833 the village of Starda had 192 inhabitants. At the end of the 20th century, the village was transformed into an agritourism and winery.
# The Vinegar Works: Three Volumes of Moral Instruction

The Vinegar Works: Three Volumes of Moral Instruction is a set of three heavily illustrated books by Edward Gorey that was sold as a set encased in an illustrated slip-case. It was first published by Simon and Schuster in 1963. It was Gorey's eleventh work.
The books included in the set are: The Gashlycrumb Tinies, The Insect God, and The West Wing. The set was written with the intention to "instruct, appall and amuse", in the Gothic fiction tradition.
The Vinegar Works and its three constituent books can be found in the first of the four collections comprising Gorey's work, Amphigorey: Fifteen Books (1972).

## Books

The Gashlycrumb Tinies (possibly Gorey's most famous work) is an abecedarium, or inscription of the English alphabet. It is stylised as a poem describing the deaths of 26 children, with the initials of their first names corresponding with each consecutive letter of the alphabet. (For instance, "A is for Amy who fell down the stairs." and "D is for Desmond thrown out of a sleigh.") The book's instructive quality is in teaching the alphabet using a mnemonic device.
The Insect God is the only book in the collection with a clear-cut narrative. It follows a little girl who is alone outside and is abducted by anthropomorphic insects in a black motorcar, who then whisk her away and present her to the "Insect God" as a human sacrifice. The story is meant as a warning against strangers.
The West Wing is harder to explain than its predecessors in the collection. It contains no clear "instruction" for anything. Besides an inscription of the name "the west wing" above a door, the book has no words. It is a numbered sequence of images from a possibly haunted building. Some of the images are mundane, like doors opening onto a hallway, and others ghostlier. These images create a moody, unsettled atmosphere.

## Inspiration

It has been said that The West Wing was written in response to literary critic Edmund Wilson, to whom it is dedicated. Wilson wrote letters to Gorey complaining that his pictures were a lot more impressive than his text. Hence, Gorey gave him a book to review that had no text.

## Title

"The Vinegar Works" was first introduced in The Willowdale Handcar: Or, the Return of the Black Doll, published the previous year, in which the three main characters, travelling by handcar, come across the institution in their travels, after it has been ruined by an unexplained disaster.
# RPG Jinsei Game

RPG Jinsei Game (ＲＰＧ人生ゲーム, "RPG Life Game") is a Japan-only role-playing game for the Family Computer that is similar to Jinsei Game, which is the Japanese version of The Game of Life.

## Gameplay

The object is to explore a city full of stores, places of employment, and learning places. Starting from home, the player must earn money and statistics in order to unlock the better features of the game.
Unlike most games based on the Jinsei Game series, RPG Jinsei Game does not use a spinner system. Instead, the controller pad is used for movement and random encounters are featured like in Dragon Quest. The player can also talk to strangers, who might either give advice or do something malevolent to the player character. As in the Game of Life board game, the player has to choose from a range of careers such as musician, photographer, and even professional wrestler. Most of these tasks are mundane, while one of the quests involves chasing down unidentified flying objects. Buildings that are crucial to the quest (other than shops and learning places) can be fully explored; otherwise the player simply talks to the resident.
Fights can occur like in a standard role-playing game. However, the player's stats are used instead of hit points and magic points.
# Pod svobodnim soncem

Pod svobodnim soncem: povest davnih dedov (Under the Free Sun: a Story of the Ancient Forefathers) is a historical novel by the Slovene writer Fran Saleški Finžgar. The work was initially published in 1906 and 1907 as a serial story in the conservative newspaper Dom in svet. It was published in the book form in 1912. It is an extensive narrative oeuvre with nationally motivated content.

## Story

The novel discusses the settlement of the Slavs in the Balkan Peninsula, when they still lived freely, not subjugated, and without a supreme leader. The novel includes a love story of Iztok, a Slavic warrior travelling to Constantinople (archaic Slovene: Bizanc) and Irena, a court woman there. It idyllically depicts the Slavs as pagans living in harmony with nature.

## Cultural references

* In 2004, a radio serial, written after the novel by the director Jože Vozny, was recorded by the Slovenian national radio. It was broadcast in summer 2016.
* In November 2016, the George Slatkonia Vocal Academy (mixed choir) from Novo Mesto in collaboration with a number of solo singers premiered an opera based on this novel in the city's cultural centre. It was written by the Slovene composer Tom Kobe (born 1988), and it featured the Italian tenor Domingo Stasi and the Croatian bariton Siniša Hapač.