OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sardar Fateh Buzdar

Sardar Fateh Muhammad Khan Buzdar (1945 – April 1, 2019) was a Pakistani politician who was a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from 1985 to 1988 and from 2002 to 2013. He was Tumandar of Buzdar tribe.

## Early life and education

He was born in Barthi, a backward tribal area of Dera Ghazi Khan District. He obtained the degree of Masters of Arts in political science from University of Karachi in 1964.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as an independent candidate in 1985 Pakistani general election.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q) from PP-241 (Dera Ghazi Khan-II) in 2002 Pakistani general election.
He also won re-election from the same constituency on a PML-Q ticket in 2008 Pakistani general election.
# SS New Zealand Victory

The SS New Zealand Victory was the sixth Victory ship built during World War II. She was launched at Terminal Island by the California Shipbuilding Company on March 20, 1944 and completed on May 13, 1944. She was built in 109 days under the Emergency Shipbuilding program. The ship’s United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2-S-AP3, hull number 6 (V-6). SS New Zealand Victory served in the Pacific Ocean during WW2. SS New Zealand Victory was sixth of the new 10,500-ton class ship to be known as Victory ships. Victory ships were designed to replace the earlier Liberty Ships. Liberty ships were designed to be used just for WW2. Victory ships were designed to last longer and serve the US Navy after the war. The Victory ship differed from a Liberty ship in that they were: faster, longer and wider, taller, a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure and had a long raised forecastle.
SS New Zealand Victory was christened and sponsored by Mrs. Walter Nash, wife of Mr. Walter Nash, ministry to Washington D.C. from New Zealand. The launching of The SS New Zealand Victory splashed into the water of Wilmington, Los Angeles.

## World War II

SS New Zealand Victory served in the Pacific War as a cargo ship in World War II as a United States Merchant Marine ship operated by Waterman Steamship Company. In 1947 she took relief supplies to Yokohama, Japan arriving on December 8, 1947. She was laid up for a short time in 1948 in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay, till she was put back in service for the Korean War.

## Korean War

SS New Zealand Victory served as merchant marine naval ship supplying goods for the Korean War. About 75 percent of the personnel taken to Korean for the Korean War came by the merchant marine ship. SS New Zealand Victory transported ammunition, mail, food and other supplies. About 90 percent of the cargo was moved by merchant marine naval to the Korean war zone.

## Post war

In 1965 she was sold to Chas.Kurz & Co Inc of Wilmington, Delaware and kept her name. In 1967 she was sold to Halcyon Steamship Company of Wilmington, Delaware and renamed SS Halcyon Tiger. In 1971 she was sold to Universal Mariners S.A, of Panama and renamed MV Palona. In July 1973 she was scrapped in Taiwan by Chun Yuan Steel Corporation.
# Appliqué lace

Appliqué lace refers to various types of lace where the decorative motifs are sewn as appliqués to an existing openwork fabric, such as tulle, netting, filet or bobbinet. Motifs may also be applied to drawn thread work and cut-work. The motifs can be either hand-made (via needle lace, bobbin lace or as embroidered fabric) or machine-made.
# The People Speak

The People Speak is an online community of young people who want to get involved in global issues. The community engages people of all ages and backgrounds in thoughtful discussions about the value of international cooperation for the United States and the world. From September 1 to November 30 each year, The People Speak (TPS) partners organize thousands of events around the U.S. and the world to explore emerging global challenges and opportunities.
TPS started in 2003 as an initiative of the United Nations Foundation, the Open Society Institute and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. During the first year, over 3,500 events were organized in all 50 states. Since that time, there have been over 20,000 events in the U.S. and over 50 countries.
The theme for the 2006 TPS season is "Working Together with the World: What's in it for the U.S.?" Participants explore this theme related to three topics:
* Energy and global climate change
* Millennium Development Goals
* Peace, security, and human rights
# Emilio Salafia

Emilio Salafia (10 October 1910 – 24 May 1969) was an Italian fencer. He won a silver medal in the team sabre event at the 1928 and 1932 Summer Olympics.
# Cryptophasa megalorma

Cryptophasa megalorma is a moth in the family Xyloryctidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1910. It is found on New Guinea.
The wingspan is about 49 mm. The forewings are ochreous whitish, suffusedly irrorated (sprinkled) with fuscous except towards the costa and in the middle of the disc. The base of the costa is blackish and the stigmata form rather large black spots, approximated, the first discal oblique-oval, the second transverse-oval, the plical between these two, round. There are two or three streaks of blackish suffusion on the veins at about three-fourths and four small round black spots on the posterior half of the costa, and a row of large black dots along the termen, becoming larger around the tornus. The hindwings are fuscous, paler towards the costa and there is a suffused blackish dot in the middle of the disc and a series of small round suffused blackish spots around the apex and termen.
# Teresa Suchecka-Nowak

Teresa Suchecka-Nowak (1926–2011), was Polish World War II underground fighter, member of Home Army and participant of the Warsaw Uprising.
During the Warsaw Uprising, she was a nurse and a soldier of the 3rd platoon, company B-3 of the "Bałtyk" battalion of the Home Army "Baszta" regiment. For her participation in the attack and capture of a German ammunition car, she was promoted to the rank of senior gunner and awarded the Cross of Valour.
In 1997, she became the godmother of the banner of the Regiment of Protection. Maj. Gen. Boleslaw Wieniawa-Dlugoszowski.

## Awards and decorations

Her awards and decorations include:
* Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
* Armia Krajowa Cross
* Warsaw Cross of the Uprising
* Cross of Valour (Poland)
# Pietà with Two Angels

Pietà with Two Angels is an oil on copper painting by Annibale Carracci, created c. 1603, now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.
A letter by the doctor and art lover Giulio Mancini refers to his receiving a painting directly from Annibale Carracci as a reward for medical treatment in 1607, at which time the painter was also affected by the illness which led to his death soon afterwards. This is often identified with the Vienna work, which for stylistic reasons is dated to 1603. If that identification is accepted, it can further be deduced that Annibale had painted the work for himself rather than as a direct commission and was given to the doctor in gratitude or since he had no other way to pay his medical bills.
The first definite mention of the work dates to 1659 and it appears below the large landscapes at the centre of David Teniers the Younger's Gallery of Archduke Leopold William in Brussels, which reproduces the most famous works in that collection, mostly by Italian painters and gathered by Archduke Leopold William whilst governor in Brussels and later taken to Vienna.
# Vitis pseudoreticulata

Vitis pseudoreticulata, commonly known as the wild Chinese grape or eastern Chinese grape, is a Chinese liana (woody vine) in the grape family. It is native to eastern China, specifically the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang. The plant grows at altitudes of 100–300 m (330–980 ft) and bears medium-sized purplish-black grapes. It has been observed to be resistant to damage from moisture, white rot, anthracnose, and Downy mildew.

## Gallery

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:V._pseudoreticulata_2.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:V._pseudoreticulata_3.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:V._pseudoreticulata_4.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:V._pseudoreticulata_5.jpg
# Apo myna

The Apo myna (Goodfellowia miranda) is a species of starling in the starling family Sturnidae. The species is also known as the Mount Apo starling or the Mount Apo king starling. It is the only member of the genus Goodfellowia. It is endemic to the Philippines found only in the tropical montane forests of Mindanao. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Description and taxonomy

The Apo myna is a long-tailed starling, 30 cm (12 in) long and weighing around 110 g (3.9 oz). The plumage is mostly glossy black, except for the lower back which is white. The feathers on the head are degenerate and form a floppy crest. There is a large patch of bare yellow skin around the eye and on the cheek creating a distinctive mask. The bill and legs are yellowish. Both the sexes are alike. Juvenile birds resemble adults but have less glossy plumage and have a buff edge to the feathers.
The species was formerly classified in the genus Basilornis, but in 2021 the IOC reclassified it into Goodfellowia, the genus it was initially described in, based on the results of phylogenetic studies. The genus name honors ornithologist Walter Goodfellow, while the specific name is Latin for wonderful or strange.

## Behaviour and ecology

Little is known about the behaviour of this species. It eats berries and insects, and forages singly, as pairs or in small groups. Two nests have been found for this species, both in the holes excavated by woodpeckers into trees. One of these nests was 15 m (49 ft) off the ground and made of twigs and leaves.
They are often seen perching on snags sometimes in flocks of up to 20 to 50 birds mixing with other forest species such as coletos.
Ebird describes its voice as "slurred metallic warbles and a sharp, falling 'tsik!' Also makes audible wing beats in flight."

## Habitat and conservation status

It is endemic to Mindanao in the south Philippines. Its natural habitat tropical is moist montane forests above 1,250 m (4,100 ft). It is assumed that the species is non-migratory.
The Apo myna is listed as near threatened by the IUCN. It is common in some protected areas, but it has a small and fragmented range, and is becoming rare across some of its range. It is relatively secure for the present, as its habitat is remote and rugged. It is still affected by some logging and clearance for agriculture that may have occurred in lower parts of the elevational range. It is also potentially threatened by mining.
Conservation actions proposed include: surveying range to determine current distribution and abundance, as well as assessing the population and impact of habitat loss; conducting ecological studies to improve understanding of its habitat — particularly, its tolerance to habitat degradation; protecting areas of suitable habitat, especially at lower elevations within the species' altitudinal range, and safeguarding against logging and encroachment.
# Flag of the West Indies Federation

The flag of the West Indies Federation was used between 1958 and 1962. It bore four equally spaced narrow white stripes with a large orange-gold circle over the middle two lines in the center of the flag, undulating horizontally across a blue field representing the Caribbean Sea and the sun shining upon the waves. The flag was originally designed by Edna Manley. The flag is shown as 1:2; the upper two white stripes reflect the lower ones.
The official description given in the West Indies Gazette is "Flag approved has blue ground with four white horizontal wavy bars (the top pair of bars being parallel and the lower pair also parallel) and an orange sun in the centre." "Blue", unless qualified, usually means the same blue as in a Blue Ensign. However, whatever the establishing resolution called for, many copies were made that were at variance with it, as variants often show a pale blue or Imperial blue field.
The naval ensign (used by coast guard vessels) was a British white ensign with the federal flag in the canton.
Flag flying days were Commemorative Days-the usual British flag flying days, and Federal Days-January 3, Inception of the Federation; February 23, Federation Day; and April 22, Inauguration of the Federal Parliament. Buildings with two flagstaffs were to fly the Union Jack and the Federation Flag on Commemorative Days and on Federal Days; the Union Jack at the staff on the left when facing the building. Buildings with only one staff were to fly the Union Jack on Commemorative Days and the Federation Flag on Federal Days.
Video clips of the flag at the 1960 Summer Olympics appear to show a red or bronze disc, lighter blue and the flag is symmetrical about both axes. The flag of the West Indies Federation was flown at the cricket test match between Australia and the West Indies held in Barbados in 1999. Despite the dissolution of the Federation in the 1960s and some countries and territories not being part of the Federation, the Caribbean nations compete together as one West Indies cricket team, but under a different flag.

## Provinces flags

* Antigua
* Barbados
* Cayman Islands (attached to Jamaica)
* Dominica
* Grenada
* Jamaica
* Montserrat
* Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Trinidad and Tobago
* Turks and Caicos Islands (attached to Jamaica)
# Pays Noir

The Pays Noir (French for 'black country') refers to a region of Belgium, centered on the city of Charleroi in the province of Hainaut in Wallonia so named for the geological presence of coal. In the 19th century the region rapidly industrialised first with coal mines, then with related industries such as steel manufacture and glass production.

## Description

The region, centred on Charleroi, also known as the Pays de Charleroi includes the communes of Aiseau-Presles, Charleroi, Châtelet, Courcelles, Farciennes, Fleurus, Fontaine-l'Évêque, Gerpinnes, Les Bons Villers and Pont-à-Celles.
In the west, the Pays Noir borders the Centre-region around the town of La Louvière. Geologically, the region - as well as the other coal bearing areas in Belgium - lies on the northern edge of the Rhenish Massif.
# Did Marco Polo Go to China?

Did Marco Polo Go to China? is a 1995 book by Frances Wood, arguing that Italian explorer Marco Polo never visited China but travelled no further than Persia and that he based his description of China on accounts from Persian travelers.
The book notes that Polo failed to mention the Great Wall, the use of chopsticks as eating utensils, tea, foot-binding, Chinese calligraphy or other significant features and that there are no Chinese records of Polo's presence. Thus it is a typical example of an argument from silence.
Some archeologists have pointed to inconsistencies and inaccuracies in his description of Kublai Khan's attempted invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281 and that Polo's account mixed up details from the two invasions.

## Criticisms

A number of scholars have argued in favor of the established view that Polo was in China in response to Wood's book. The book has been criticized by figures including Igor de Rachewiltz (translator and annotator of The Secret History of the Mongols) and Morris Rossabi (author of Kublai Khan: his life and times).
Errors in Wood's book have been pointed out by various scholars. For example, Stephen G. Haw notes how Wood claims that the History of Yuan mentions Giovanni de Marignolli by name even though it mentions only the tributary gift that he brought to the Yuan court, a large impressive war horse given by the "Franks" (Fulang) of Europe.
The historian David Morgan also points out basic errors made such as confusing the Liao dynasty with the Jin dynasty, and he found no compelling evidence in the book that would convince him that Marco Polo did not go to China. Haw also argues in his book Marco Polo's China that Marco's account is much more correct and accurate than has often been supposed and that it is extremely unlikely that he could have obtained all the information in his book from second-hand sources. Haw also criticizes Wood's approach to finding mention of Marco Polo in Chinese texts by contending that contemporaneous Europeans had little regard for using surnames and that a direct Chinese transliteration of the name "Marco" ignores the possibility of him taking on a Chinese or even Mongol name with no bearing or similarity with his Latin name.
Reviewing Haw's book, Peter Jackson (author of The Mongols and the West) has said that Haw "must surely now have settled the controversy surrounding the historicity of Polo's visit to China".
Igor de Rachewiltz's review, which refutes Wood's points, concludes with a strongly-worded condemnation: "I regret to say that F. W.'s book falls short of the standard of scholarship that one would expect in a work of this kind. Her book can only be described as deceptive, both in relation to the author and to the public at large. Questions are posted that, in the majority of cases, have already been answered satisfactorily ... her attempt is unprofessional; she is poorly equipped in the basic tools of the trade, i.e., adequate linguistic competence and research methodology ... and her major arguments cannot withstand close scrutiny. Her conclusion fails to consider all the evidence supporting Marco Polo's credibility."
# Andrew Mollo

Andrew Mollo (born 15 May 1940 in Epsom, Surrey, England) is a British expert on military uniforms, which has led him into a career in motion pictures and as an author of various books on military uniforms.

## Biography

Andrew Mollo is the son of a Russian father and British mother and the brother of costume designer and historical consultant John Mollo. In 1956, the family moved to London, where he studied at the Regent Street Polytechnic.

## Film

In the late 1950s Mollo was approached by Kevin Brownlow for assistance regarding the development of his film It Happened Here. Initially, he was to advise on German uniforms but became so interested in the project that ended up co-writing, co-directing and co-producing the movie. The film took eight years to make and premiered in 1964.
Mollo worked for Woodfall Film Productions as a runner and then assistant director on 1960s 'Saturday Night and Sunday Morning and 1962's Loneliness of The Long Distance Runner.
Mollo's uniform expertise led him to create Historical Research Unit with his brothers. This provided film companies with advice on military history, especially uniforms. In 1965 Mollo worked as the technical advisor on Doctor Zhivago.
In the early 1970s Mollo wrote a number of books on military history and uniforms. He then worked again with Kevin Brownlow on the film Winstanley which he co-wrote, co-produced and co-directed. As a German-uniform consultant Mollo advised on films such as The Eagle Has Landed (1977), The Pianist (2002) and Downfall (2004).
He later undertook the role production designer for the 1985 film Dance With a Stranger. He also designed all 14 episodes of TV series Sharpe and Hornblower.
Mollo has written a number of books on 20th-century military uniforms, focusing on the uniforms of World War II and Nazi Germany.

## Filmography (partial)

* 1964: It Happened Here
* 1965: Doctor Zhivago
* 1965: The Spy Who Came In From The Cold
* 1967: The Night of the Generals
* 1968: Where Eagles Dare
* 1976: Winstanley
* 1976: The Eagle Has Landed
* 1985: Dance With a Stranger
* 1986: Nanou
* 1993: Sharpe
* 2001: Conspiracy (2001 film)
* 2002: The Pianist
* 2004: Downfall

## Bibliography (partial)

* Andrew Mollo: Daggers of the Third German Reich 1933-1945 1967, Historical Research Unit
* Andrew Mollo and Malcolm McGregor: Naval, Marine and Air Force Uniforms of World War II 1975 ISBN 978-0713707250
* Andrew Mollo & Pierre Taylor: Army Uniforms of World War 1. Arco Publishing, New York 1978 ISBN 978-0713715330
* Andrew Mollo: Uniforms of the SS. The Crowood Press, 1998, ISBN 978-1859150481
* Andrew Mollo: The Armed Forces of World War II. Little, Brown & Company, 2002, ISBN 978-0316858977
# Arinola (Given name)

Arinola is a Nigerian given unisex name of Yoruba origin which means "(Born) in the midst of wealth". The most commonly used diminutive form of Arinola is "Arin" which simply means Middle. Arinola is morphologically spelt "Àarínọlá" in the Yoruba language, predominant in the South-western region of Nigeria.
# Fred Roche

Frederick Lloyd Roche, CBE (11 March 1931 – 9 November 1992), was a British architect who worked on the programme of new towns in the United Kingdom. He was Chief Architect of Runcorn Development Corporation from 1965 to 1970 and General Manager of the Milton Keynes Development Corporation from 1970 to 1981. In 1985, he was appointed a CBE.

## Career

Roche trained at Regent Street Polytechnic (now University of Westminster) and qualified in 1955. He remained in London for three years working as a housing architect and moved to Coventry in 1958 where he became an architect specialising in schools. In 1963, he returned to housing when he became principal development architect for the Midlands Housing Consortium.
In 1965, Roche became chief architect and planning officer for Runcorn new town. He led on the design of the new town centre, Runcorn Shopping City.
In 1970, he moved to Milton Keynes in north Buckinghamshire to be General Manager of the Development Corporation at the age of 39. He oversaw the major growth of the 'new city' through to 1981.
Thereafter, he joined with Terence Conran to establish the new architecture and planning consultancy, Conran Roche. The company developed a number of projects during the 1980s, including Butler's Wharf and Michelin House in London. He retired as managing director in 1988 due to ill health.

## Awards and recognition

In 1985 Roche was appointed a CBE. He was a vice-president of the Royal Institute of British Architects from 1983 to 1985 and honorary treasurer from 1985 to 1986.
He is commemorated in Milton Keynes by having a linear civic garden named for him.
# Bowen Wells

Petrie Bowen Wells (born 4 August 1935), known as Bowen Wells, is a retired British Conservative Party politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Hertford and Stevenage then Hertford and Stortford from 1979 until 2001. He was also Chair of the International Development Select Committee from 1997 until 2001.

## Education

Wells was educated at St Paul's School in London, the University of Exeter, and Regent Street Polytechnic.

## Member of Parliament

Wells was first elected in the 1979 general election as MP for Hertford and Stevenage, defeating Labour's Shirley Williams. After boundary changes in the 1983 general election, he served as MP for Hertford and Stortford until the 2001 general election when he retired.
From 1982 until 1983, Wells served in Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's Government as Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Minister of State for Employment Michael Alison. He then served twice in John Major's Government; as PPS to Minister of State for Public Transport Roger Freeman from 1992 until 1994, and as a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury from 1995 until 1997.
Wells lost his position in government following the Labour victory in the 1997 general election. Soon after, he was made Chair of the newly formed International Development Select Committee. He remained in the post until his retirement in 2001.

## Personal life

Wells is married. He has two sons, Adam and Simon Bowen.

## Sources

* UK Politics: People in Parliament, 28 July 1998.
* Profile, guardian.co.uk. Accessed 19 January 2023.
* Archived 29 October 2004 at the Wayback Machine