OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kouyate family

The Kouyate family is a dynasty of jelis (griots) that is native to West Africa. It has been prominent since the 13th century, when its founder took part in the founding of the Mali Empire.

## History

According to the Epic of Sundiata, Balla Fasséké was assigned to serve as a jeli by King Nare Maghann Konate to his son Prince Sundiata Keita in the latter's youth. He then went on to aid the prince in his subsequent quest to liberate his homeland from the despotic rule of the Sosso monarch King Soumaoro Kantè. He advised him during the war, telling him tales of the glory of his ancestors, and aided him in establishing a powerful state after the war's conclusion. Balla Fasséké then became the founder of the Kouyate family thereafter.
Jelis were the "present" each king gave his successor; they were the aristocratic oral historians that attended kings, recording and recalling the legacies of kings and kingdoms. Jelis are said to have existed "since time immemorial". Kouyates in particular have served as jelis for the Keita dynasty since the 13th century. The Kouyates guard customs, and their knowledge is authoritative amongst Malinkes. Keitas have to provide amenities to Kouyates, who in turn should not hesitate to ask for Keita help. The word Kouyate translates as "There is a secret between you and me". The family relic the Sosso Bala, a balafon that Sundiata is said to have given Balla Fasséké after the latter stole it from Kanté, is still played every year by the family's leader.

## Members

* Balla Fasséké
* Bassekou Kouyate
* Dani Kouyate
* Kandia Kouyate
* N'Faly Kouyate
* Sotigui Kouyate
* Jaliba Kuyateh
# Oded Shaham

Oded Shaham (Hebrew: עודד שחם; born 1964) is an Israeli jurist who serves as judge of the Jerusalem District Court since August 2012. He is one of the judges presiding over the trial of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, alongside Rivka Friedman-Feldman and Moshe Bar-Am.

## Biography

Shaham was born in 1964 and completed his high school education at the Hebrew Reali School in Haifa in 1982. From 1983 to 1986, he served in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in the Artillery Corps. After his military service, he pursued legal studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he graduated. He interned with Meir Shamgar, President of the Supreme Court of Israel, and at a private law firm. In 1993, Shaham was admitted to the Israel Bar Association.
From 1993 to 1996, Shaham worked as an attorney in private job and later served as the legal assistant to Supreme Court of Israel jurist Theodore Or. He then joined the criminal division of the State Attorney's Office. Between 2001 and 2003, Shaham was part of the team that gathered materials for the State Commission of Inquiry into the events of October 2000. He later worked as a registrar at the Supreme Court.
In September 2004, Shaham became a judge at the Jerusalem Magistrate's Court. He was part of the panel that handled the case of former minister Tzachi Hanegbi. The judges disagreed on whether Hanegbi should also face defamation charges after being convicted of perjury. Shaham was part of the majority that took a stricter stance on this issue.
In August 2012, Shaham was appointed as a judge at the Jerusalem District Court. In February 2020, he was selected as one of the three judges overseeing the high-profile trial of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and co-defendants Arnon Mozes and Shaul Elovitch.
On 8 September 2024, lawyers representing Netanyahu petitioned the Jerusalem District Court for an injunction against journalist Raviv Drucker, one of the producers of a documentary film, for publishing footage from a police interrogation without the court's permission. Judge Oded Shaham denied the request on September 9, and the film was screened later that day.
# Haim Gamzu

Haim Gamzu (Hebrew: חיים גמזו) (1910–1982) (also Haim Gamzou) was an Israeli art and drama critic.

## Biography

Haim Gamzu was born in Chernihiv in the Russian Empire (now Ukraine). In 1923, his family immigrated to Mandatory Palestine. Gamzu studied art and philosophy at the Sorbonne and University of Vienna.
His son Yossi Gamzu was a professor of poetry.

## Art history and theater career

Gamzu was appointed director of the Tel Aviv Museum in 1962. He established Israel's first theater school, Beit Zvi, in Ramat Gan.
Gamzu wrote several books on Israeli painting and sculpture, and worked for Haaretz newspaper as an art and theater critic.
Known for his acerbic theater reviews, Gamzu's surname was turned into a new Hebrew verb, ligmoz, which means to pan a theater show.
# Capivara-Confusões Ecological Corridor

The Capivara-Confusões Ecological Corridor (Portuguese: Corredor Ecológico Capivara-Confusões) is an ecological corridor in the caatinga biome of the state of Piauí in northeast Brazil.

## Location

The Capivara-Confusões Ecological Corridor links the 100,000 hectares (250,000 acres) Serra da Capivara National Park to the 500,000 hectares (1,200,000 acres) Serra das Confusões National Park 50 kilometres (31 mi) to the west, both in the state of Piauí. It has an area of 412,000 hectares (1,020,000 acres). It includes the municipalities of São Raimundo Nonato, Canto do Buriti, Tamboril do Piauí, Brejo do Piauí, São Braz do Piauí, Anísio de Abreu, Jurema, Caracol and Guaribas.
The corridor is managed by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) in partnership with representatives of federal, state and municipal governments, Museum of American Man Foundation (Fumdham), Federation of Agricultural Workers of Bahia (FETAG), Federal University of Piauí, non-governmental organizations, agrarian reform settlers and others. The National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA) has said they will maintain a legal reserve of 30% of each settlement in the corridor, and will allocate most settlements for preservation according to the sustainable management plan.

## History

Marina Silva, Minister of the Environment, signed the decree creating the corridor on 11 March 2005. The purpose is to restore and preserve the natural environment, facilitating the spread of plants and animals, while encouraging socio-economic development. An initial investment of R$300,000 included funding from the United Nations Environment Fund and the Ministry of the Environment's National Forest Program. This was to be applied to environmental studies and technical assistance to the settlements in the corridor, and to development of a sustainable management plan that encourages activities other than logging so as to avoid deforestation. It was the first officially recognized ecological corridor, the second being the Caatinga Ecological Corridor, created in April 2006.
In 2012 inspectors from the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), an analyst from the Ipanema National Forest in São Paulo and military police officers conducted Operation Transitum in the corridor. They seized illegally hunted animals, weapons and traps. They also found evidence of illegal lumber operations and farming.
# Gennady Gabaidulin

Gennady Gabaydulovich Gabaidulin (Tatar: Гыйниятулла Гобәйдулла улы, Russian: Габайдулин Геннадий Габайдулович; 15 June 1914, Tokayevo village, Kazan Governorate — 14 May 1981) was an officer in the Red Army who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his bravery during the fighting for Rzhev in 1942.

## Early life

Gabaidulin was born on 15 June 1914 in the village of Tokayevo to a Tatar peasant family. He graduated from a seven-year school and worked on a collective farm. In 1932 he moved to the city of Gorky, where he worked at a car factory, first as an apprentice, then as a mechanic. From 1936 to 1939 he served in the Red Army in the Far East. Demobilized with the rank of junior machine gun platoon commander, he returned to work at the Gorky Automobile Plant. He became a member of the Communist party in 1944.

## World War II

In August 1941 he volunteered for the front. Having been appointed commander of the reconnaissance squad of the 24th separate mortar division (29th Army, Kalinin Front), he received his baptism of fire in the battle for Moscow. On 7 February 1942, near the city of Rzhev, six scouts under his command were killed by a German ambush. After the death of his comrades, he continued to fight alone until reinforcements arrived despite sustaining severe wounds. On 24 March 1942, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet for his fortitude and valor shown in that battle.
After completing the brief training at the Arzamas Military School, he was made commander of a control platoon in part of a guards mortar unit on the Leningrad Front. He subsequently participated in the battle to end the blockade of Leningrad. He then saw battle on the Karelian Isthmus and was wounded during the capture of Vyborg. After treatment in the hospital, he returned to the warfront, participating in the capture of Magdeburg and the Battle in Berlin.

## Later life

Having been demobilized in December 1945 with the rank of senior lieutenant, he initially worked in Primorsky Krai as an electric locomotive driver in a mine. He then returned to the city of Gorky, where he raised two daughters and a son. Prior to retirement, he worked at the Gorky Automobile Plant. He died on 14 May 1981 and was buried in the Staro-Avtozavodsky cemetery. In Nizhny Novgorod, a memorial plaque was installed on the house where Gabaidulin previously lived.

## Awards

* Hero of the Soviet Union (24 March 1942);
* Order of Lenin (24 March 1942);
* Order of the Red Star (15 August 1944)
* campaign medals including:
    Medal "For the Defence of Leningrad" (1943);
    Medal "For the Defence of Moscow";
    Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945";
    Medal "For the Capture of Berlin".

## Footnotes

* ↑ Now as part of Urmaevo settlement, Komsomolsky District, Chuvashia, Russia.
* ↑ Formerly named Gorky
# Annualized failure rate

Annualized failure rate (AFR) gives the estimated probability that a device or component will fail during a full year of use. It is a relation between the mean time between failure (MTBF) and the hours that a number of devices are run per year. AFR is estimated from a sample of like components—AFR and MTBF as given by vendors are population statistics that can not predict the behaviour of an individual unit.

## Hard disk drives

For example, AFR is used to characterize the reliability of hard disk drives.
The relationship between AFR and MTBF (in hours) is:
    $AFR=1-exp(-8766/MTBF)$
This equation assumes that the device or component is powered on for the full 8766 hours of a year, and gives the estimated fraction of an original sample of devices or components that will fail in one year, or, equivalently, 1 − AFR is the fraction of devices or components that will show no failures over a year. It is based on an exponential failure distribution (see failure rate for a full derivation). Note: Some manufacturers count a year as 8760 hours.
This ratio can be approximated by, assuming a small AFR,
    $AFR={8766 \over MTBF}$
For example, a common specification for PATA and SATA drives may be an MTBF of 300,000 hours, giving an approximate theoretical 2.92% annualized failure rate i.e. a 2.92% chance that a given drive will fail during a year of use.
The AFR for a drive is derived from time-to-fail data from a reliability-demonstration test (RDT).
AFR will increase towards and beyond the end of the service life of a device or component. Google's 2007 study found, based on a large field sample of drives, that actual AFRs for individual drives ranged from 1.7% for first year drives to over 8.6% for three-year-old drives. A CMU 2007 study showed an estimated 3% mean AFR over 1–5 years based on replacement logs for a large sample of drives.
# A Girl's Gotta Do (What a Girl's Gotta Do)

"A Girl's Gotta Do (What a Girl's Gotta Do)" is a song by American country music recording artist Mindy McCready. The track, written by Robert Byrne and Rick Bowles and produced by David Malloy and Norro Wilson, was released on February 24, 1997, as the fourth and final single from McCready's debut studio album Ten Thousand Angels (1996). Unlike the previous singles from the album, "A Girl's Gotta Do" did not have a music video.
A commercial success, "A Girl's Gotta Do" peaked at number four on both the Canadian RPM Country Tracks and US Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, becoming her last top-ten hits on both. McCready performed the song at the 32nd ACM Awards in 1997 as part of a "Top New Female Vocalist Medley" alongside nominees Deana Carter and LeAnn Rimes, who performed their hit songs "We Danced Anyway" and "Blue". She performed a shortened version of the single at the Stars of Tomorrow special.

## Content

"A Girl's Gotta Do" is performed in the key of B major, with a metronome of 112. It is about a woman being independent following leaving her partner.

## Critical reception

The country music website The Boot noted it as a highlight among McCready's songs.

## Charts

"A Girl's Gotta Do" debuted at number 59 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart the week of March 1, 1997, becoming McCready's third and final top-ten single.
# Tiit Härm

Tiit Härm (born 19 March 1946) is an Estonian ballet dancer, ballet master and choreographer.
Tiit Härm was born in Tallinn. He is the younger brother of actress and author Viiu Härm. From 1957 to 1962, he studied at Tallinn Choreographic School. In 1966 he graduated from Leningrad Choreographic School. From 1966 to 1967 he was a dancer at Estonia Theatre. From 1967 to 1972 he was a soloist at All-Union Choreographic Collective Noor Ballett. Since 1972 he worked again at Estonia Theatre. From 2001 to 2009 he was the ballet manager, principal ballet master and choreographer of Estonia Theatre.
In 2014 he established his own ballet theatre.
He has also appeared as an actor in several films.

## Awards

* 2001: Order of the White Star, IV class.

## Filmography

* Tantsib Tiit Härm (1975, Tallinnfilm documentary)
* Hukkunud Alpinisti hotell (1979, Tallinnfilm)
* Anna Pavlova: A Woman for All Time (1983, Soviet Union and Great Britain television miniseries)
* Sädelev maailm (1984, Mosfilm)
# Alan Gowling

Alan Edwin Gowling (born 16 March 1949) is an English former footballer who played as a forward for several clubs in the north of England.

## Playing career
### Club

Born in Stockport, Cheshire, Gowling went to Manchester United by way of county schools and Manchester University, where he studied for a degree in economics. He played for Manchester United juniors while at university, and once scored seven goals in a 'B' game. Due to his degree, he earned the nickname "Bamber", after Bamber Gascoigne, the host of University Challenge.
Gowling made a goalscoring league debut against Stoke City. Coincidentally, he also played his last game for Manchester United against Stoke City, coming on as a substitute for Bobby Charlton. He played 87 times for Manchester United and scored four in a game against Southampton on 20 February 1971. Nevertheless, Gowling was never really a first choice player at the club, and he enjoyed his longest run in the side when playing in midfield in his final season in 1971–72. He was sold to Huddersfield Town for £65,000 in June 1972.
After a disappointing period at Huddersfield that resulted in two relegations, he joined Newcastle United as a strike partner for Malcolm Macdonald. At Newcastle, he scored their only goal in the 1976 League Cup Final defeat at the hands of Manchester City. Nicknamed the "Galloping Chip", the workmanlike Gowling was preferred by Gordon Lee to the stylish Macdonald, scoring 30 goals in 92 league appearances before moving to Bolton Wanderers in 1978. He retired from football in 1984, aged 36, after a period at Preston North End.

### International

Gowling gained England caps at amateur, schoolboy and under-23 level. Gowling represented the British Olympic side in the qualifying tournament for the 1968 Summer Olympics.

## After football

After his retirement, Gowling worked as general manager of a chemicals company in Buxton, Derbyshire.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Manchester United | 1967–68 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 |
| Manchester United | 1968–69 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Manchester United | 1969–70 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 8 | 3 |
| Manchester United | 1970–71 | 20 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 22 | 8 |
| Manchester United | 1971–72 | 37 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 50 | 9 |
| Total | Total | 71 | 18 | 8 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 21 |

## Honours

Individual
* Newcastle United Player of the Year: 1975–76
# Elazar Mordechai Koenig

Elazar Mordechai Koenig (Hebrew: אלעזר מרדכי קניג) (October 15, 1945 – December 31, 2018) was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi and the spiritual leader of the Breslov Hasidic community in Safed, Israel.

## Early life

Elazar Mordechai Koenig was born in Jerusalem to Rabbi Gedaliah Aharon Koenig and his wife Esther Yehudit Koenig. His father was a leading disciple of Breslov elder Rabbi Abraham Sternhartz, who immigrated to Jerusalem from Uman, Ukraine in 1936.
Koenig was an alumnus of the Mir Yeshiva in Jerusalem. He studied kabbalah with his father as well as with several leading Sephardic masters, including Rabbi Mordechai Sharabi.

## Breslov leader

In 1967, his father, with the encouragement of Rabbi Sternhartz, founded the Breslov community in Safed and dedicated himself to fundraising for the expansion of this Torah center. Upon his father's unexpected death in 1980, Koenig and his two brothers built up the Breslov Safed complex to include a synagogue, preschool, Talmud Torah, yeshiva ketana, and kollel.
As of 2014, the Safed Breslov community comprised 250 families. Koenig was the leader of this community as well as of its umbrella organization, Nachal Novea Mekor Chochma. The organizations institutions include; Kiryat Breslev (a religious housing complex), a kollel, Yeshiva ketana, Talmud Torah Magen Avot, Ganei and Derech Yehudit Education Center for Girls, a daycare center for working mothers, Lilmod U'lamed Special Education School, the historic Trisk Synagogue in Safed's Old City, and a five-story Torah Center.
After suffering for many years from pulmonary fibrosis of unknown origin, Koenig underwent lung transplant surgery on January 15, 2005, at Manhattan's Columbia-Presbyterian Hospital. Koenig died on December 31, 2018, at the age of 73 following declining health due to cancer.

## Influence beyond Safed

In 1997 Koenig founded the Breslov Center for Spirituality and Inner Growth, which organizes classes on the teachings of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov, lectures, musical events, and retreats in the Greater New York area. He also sponsored the annual Breslov Rosh Hashana gathering in Meron for Hasidim unable to travel to Uman.
# Cabanès, Tarn

Cabanès (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Cabanés) is a commune in the Tarn department and Occitanie region of southern France.
# Aangan

Aangan may also refer to:
* Aangan (novel), an Urdu novel by Khadija Mastoor
* Aangan (1973 film), an Indian Hindi-language family drama film by Nasir Hussain, starring Deb Mukherjee, Farida Jalal, Ashim Kumar and Indrani Mukherjee
* Aangan (1982 film), an Urdu film directed by Nazar-ul-Islam, starring Nadeem, Babra Sharif and Sajjad Kishwar
* Aangan (2017 TV series), a Pakistani ARY Digital television series, written by Faiza Iftikhar
* Aangan (2018 TV series), a Pakistani Hum TV series, based on the novel by Khadija Mastoor
* Aangan – Aapno Kaa, a 2023 Indian Hindi-language TV drama series on Sony SAB
# Scottish Livingstone Hospital

Scottish Livingstone Hospital, also known as Molepolole Hospital, is a government-run district hospital located in Molepolole, Botswana, 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Gaborone.

## History

Scottish Livingstone Hospital was built in 1933 by the United Free Church of Scotland. It opened the following year on 3 September, and Dr Sheppard was the first doctor. At the time, the hospital only held 20 beds.

## Facilities

In order to combat the ongoing HIV/AIDS epidemic, the government opened a new hospital building in November 2007. The new building, built by Arup, hosts 350 beds and features high-tech heating and cooling systems.
The hospital houses an Infections Disease Care Clinic that offers antiretroviral therapy. Most of the doctors speak only English while the patients speak mostly Setswana. Thus, medical care is usually given through a translator. The number of doctors and amount of medical equipment is limited: There is only one x-ray machine and no radiologist. There are long wait times to see a doctor, and the obstetrics department is mostly run by midwives.
# Tarmo Tamm (politician, born 1966)

Tarmo Tamm (born 27 July 1966) is an Estonian wood industry entrepreneur and a member of the XV Riigikogu.
In the 2023 Riigikogu elections, he was elected to the Riigikogu on the list of the Estonian 200 political party, collecting 876 votes from the 6th constituency in Lääne-Viru County.

## Biography

Tamm was born in Tallinn. He graduated from the Kirov Agricultural Academy in 1991 with a degree in hunting biology and from the Estonian Business School international business management programme in 1996.
1991–1995 – Deputy Director of the Mahtra State Hunting Area.
1997–2000 – member of the board of AS Estimpeks Puit.
2000–2008 – member of the board of OÜ TreTimber (now Thermory).
2000–2003 – shareholder and member of the board of OÜ Peetri Puit. He also represented the non-profit organization Käsmu Majaka Sadam until May 8, 2023, and is a shareholder and board member of the company Arcwood.
From 19 April 2023, he was the chairman of the Environment Committee of the Riigikogu, but was replaced by Züleyxa Izmailova on 2 June of the same year in connection with two misdemeanour proceedings and one administrative proceeding initiated against Tamme by the Environmental Board.
Tarmo Tamm is unmarried with two children.