OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Natural resource valuation

Natural resource valuation is a process of providing of benefits, costs, damage of or to natural and environmental resources. It has a fundamental role in the practice of cost-benefit analysis of health, safety, and environmental issues.
Natural resource valuation is more apparent in the conduct of natural resource damage assessments (NRDA) and cost-benefit analysis of environmental restoration (ER) and waste management. It is a key exercise in economic analysis and its results provide important information about values of environmental goods and services.
Natural resource valuation studies are often aimed at assessing economic values that represent the public good characteristics of natural systems. Willingness to pay measures are typically used to estimate ecosystem goods and services that benefit not only a select few but wider society. There are a two types of valuation including market valuation and non market valuation. Market valuation estimates the total willingness to pay based on price (demand) whilst non market valuation estimates willingness to pay either through examining behavior of respondents or demand for related goods. Most of the environmental resources are valued using the constructive approach. There are number of methods involved in natural resource valuation including revealed preference and stated preference method.
It is important to value natural resources because they contribute towards fiscal revenue, income, and poverty reduction. Sectors related to natural resources use provide jobs and are often the basis of livelihoods in poorer communities. Owing to this fundamental importance of natural resources, they must be managed sustainably.

## Importance

Resource valuation is used as an input to generate better policy recommendations to support protected areas management and its linkages to spatial planning process. Resource valuation studies should be conducted in the conflict areas (trade-off area) in order to get information on costs and benefits.

## History

Contingent valuation (CV) has been used by economists to value public goods for about twenty-five years. The approach posits a hypothetical market for an unpriced good and asks individuals to state the value they place on a proposed change in its quantity, quality, or access. Development of the CV concept has been described in reviews by Cummings, Brookshire, and Schulze (1986) and Mitchell and Carson (1989). The approach is now widely used to value many different goods whose quantity or quality might be affected by the decisions of a public agency or private developer. Three market-based techniques that have recorded a significant history of natural and environmental resource valuations are described; the market price approach, the appraisal method, and resource replacement costing. Contingent Valuation is also called Direct valuation of environmental damages and refers to the direct questioning of affected parties to assess the value of the natural resource.
# Ernie McCullough

Ernie McCullough (3 December 1925 – 21 July 2015) was a Canadian sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# HM Prison Everthorpe

HM Prison Everthorpe was a Category C men's prison, located to the south-west of Everthorpe, (near Brough) in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The prison was operated by Her Majesty's Prison Service, and was situated next to HMP Wolds.
In 2014, HM Prison Everthorpe was merged with HM Prison Wolds, and renamed HM Prison Humber.

## History

Originally a borstal at its creation in 1958 to replace Dartmoor Prison, in 1991 Everthorpe Prison was converted to house male convicts.
During the Christmas and New Year period of 1995/1996, Everthorpe experienced some prisoner unrest that resulted in a large, two-day prison riot. According to investigators, the unrest was caused by official steps to eliminate drug use by inmates and also by shortages of tobacco and phonecards, which had run out over the holiday period. The prison was criticised for its lack of security, bad management and the deployment of inexperienced staff during the riot.
An inspection report from Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons in July 2004 praised Everthorpe Prison for its education and training programmes, but warned that Everthorpe needed to ensure that all inmates at the prison benefitted from these programmes.
The prison was substantially expanded in 2005. In an inspection report a year later, Everthorpe was criticised by the Chief Inspector of Prisons because places on resettlement and offending behaviour programmes had "failed to keep pace" with the increased number of prisoners held at the prison. The report also highlighted problems with bullying amongst inmates.
In January 2008 it emerged that inmates at Everthorpe had been regularly smuggling drugs, mobile phones and women's clothing into the prison. A ladder had been used by an accomplice on the outside to scale the 20-foot perimeter wall of the prison to supply these items, with the racket reportedly continuing for at least six months.

## The prison

Everthorpe was a Category C training prison with a strong emphasis of on education and training. Education at Everthorpe was provided by The Manchester College and East Riding College with courses including Literacy, Numeracy, Art and Design, Information Technology, Business, wall and floor tiling, Painting and Decorating, Bricklaying, Industrial cleaning, and Computer Aided Design. The PE department at the prison also ran various Physical Education courses as well as recreational gym.
It was announced in June 2013 that HM Prisons Everthorpe and Wolds would merge into one larger prison under a new name: HM Prison Humber.
# Pak Nam-chol (footballer, born 1988)

Pak Nam-chol (Korean: 박남철; Hancha: 朴南哲; born October 3, 1988) is a North Korean international football player.
Pak has appeared for the Korea DPR national football team in 4 FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.
# Çömlekçi

Çömlekçi can refer to the following villages in Turkey:
* Çömlekçi, Biga
* Çömlekçi, Bigadiç
* Çömlekçi, Çaycuma
# Roy Holt

Roy Holt (1942–2007) was a British contemporary artist specialising in painting.
Born in Surrey and studied at the Royal Academy Schools and later at Goldsmiths College. His work has been exhibited widely in museums and galleries in the UK, Europe, the US and China; has been shown twice at the John Moores biennial and three times at the Young Contemporaries (now called New Contemporaries).
As well as working in his London studio he was also a Principal Lecturer and Reader in Contemporary Fine Art Practice at Liverpool College of Art where he taught for four decades. He was a visiting lecturer at the Royal Academy Schools, the Royal College and on the Fine Art MA at Goldsmiths School of Art.
Holt's formal specialism was colour and he was a passionate disciple of Josef Albers. His broader interest which informed his artwork and teaching, was based on the notion of 'Art as Folly'. His art works are mainly wall–based installations often reflecting DIY culture which he saw as a rich source reflecting some of the latent desires and hopes in society.
He considered art objects as 'Objects of Speculation' in which he saw the role of the viewer as pivotal, challenging our rationalism (and insecurities) thus allowing us to speculate on a more wonderful universe.
In addition to his art practice he also wrote many critical texts, including 'Verbs Posing as Nouns' in 'Sigmar Polke: Back to Postmodernity' published by Tate Liverpool and Liverpool University Press.
He was also an original member of the Liverpool Art School band Deaf School in the mid 1970s, playing his much loved instrument, the banjo.
# 2 naye paise (Indian coin)

The Indian Two naye paise (Hindi: दो नए पैसे) (singular: Paisa) is a unit of currency equaling 2⁄100 of the Indian rupee. The symbol for paisa is p.

## History

Prior to 1957, Indian rupee was not decimalised and the rupee from 1835 to 1957 AD was further divided into 16 annas. Each anna was further divided to four Indian pices and each pice into three Indian pies till 1947 when the pie was demonetized. In 1955, India amended the "Indian Coinage Act" to adopt the metric system for coinage. Paisa coins were introduced in 1957, but from 1957 to 1964 the coin was called "Naya Paisa" (English: New Paisa). On 1 June 1964, the term "Naya" was dropped and the denomination was simply called "One paisa". Paisa coins were issued as a part of "The Decimal Series".

## Mintage

Two naye paise coins was minted from 1957 to 1963 at the India Government mint in Bombay (present day Mumbai) and borne symbol ⧫ (small dot/diamond) as mint mark. The coin has been demonetized.

### Total mintage

Total 1,826,326,000 coins were minted from 1957 to 1964.

### Composition

Two naye paise coins were minted from Cupronickel alloy in medallic orientation. The coins weighed 2.95 grams, had a diameter of 18 millimetres (0.71 in) and thickness of 1.8 millimetres (0.071 in). Scalloped with eight notches, the coins had smooth edge.

## Variants

Variants (1957-1964). :
| Image | Image | Value | Technical parameters | Technical parameters | Technical parameters | Technical parameters | Description | Description | Description | Year of minting | Year of minting | Monetary status |
| Obverse | Reverse | Value | Weight | Diameter | Thickness | Metal | Edge | Obverse | Reverse | First | Last | Monetary status |
| | | 2 naye paise | 2.95 g | 18 mm | 1.8 mm | Cupronickel | Smooth | State Emblem of India & country name in Hindi and English. | Face-value and year. | 1957 | 1964 | Demonetized. |
# Lexi Wilson

Lexi Wilson (born 1993) is a Bahamian beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe Bahamas 2013 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2013 pageant.

## Early life

In January of 1991, Wilson was born in Nassau, Bahamas.

## Below Deck Mediterranean

Lexi appeared on Below Deck Mediterranean season 6 in 2021. She was fired mid-season. Lexi's behaviour was described by Captain Sandy as "Disturbing, and I wish that the crew would have really painted the picture for me. Just hearing it's bad isn't a description of behavior. So you know, in a position that I'm in, I need to know details and I never really got details until the end, and that's when I let Lexi go."
# William Murrah

William Ervin "Cap" Murrah (September 5, 1900 – June 1, 1956) was a professional football player who spent two years of the National Football League (NFL) with the Canton Bulldogs and the St. Louis All-Stars. Murrah was a part of the Bulldogs' 1922 NFL championship team. In 1923, he played for the All-Stars. He played college football at Texas A&M University. Cap later was inducted into the Texas A&M Hall of Fame. While at A&M, Murrah helped the Aggies win the 1922 Dixie Classic, when he recovered the football at the Centre College Praying Colonels' thirty-three yard line, setting up a touchdown on the possession.
# Steppin' Out (George Howard album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Steppin' Out is the second studio album of jazz saxophonist George Howard, released in 1984 on Palo Alto Records. This album peaked at No. 9 on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums chart and No. 39 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart.

## Track listing

* "Steppin' Out" (Howard) - 6:15
* "Philly Talk" (Burke, Gant, Howard, Williams) - 5:06
* "A Tear of Spring" (Howard) - 5:34
* "Dr. Rock" (Gant, Howard) - 4:40
* "Human Nature" (Bettis, Porcaro) - 5:28
* "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" (Lennox, Stewart) - 3:48
* "Dream Ride" (Gant, Howard, Reklaw) - 5:00

## Personnel

* Keni Burke, Nathan East - bass guitar
* Leon "Ndugu" Chancler - percussion, drums, timbales
* Dean Gant - producer, synthesizer, arranger, keyboards, mixing
* George Howard - percussion, arranger, sax (soprano), producer, mixing
* Curtis King, Brenda White - vocals (background)
* David Williams - guitar
Production:
* Andy Baltimore - creative director
* Joan Ingoldsby Brown, Scott Johnson, Sonny Mediana, Andy Ruggirello, Dan Serrano - design
* Katy Cavanaugh, Herb Wong - art direction
* Joseph Doughney, Michael Landy, Adam Zelinka - post production
* Al Evers - executive producer
* Joe Ferla, Wally Grant - engineer, mixing
* George Horn - mastering
* Doreen Kalcich, Michael Pollard - production coordination
* Darryl Pitt - photography

## Charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| US Pop Albums (Billboard) | 178 |
| US Jazz Albums (Billboard) | 9 |
| US R&B Albums (Billboard) | 39 |
# Sovereign State of Aeterna Lucina

The Sovereign State of Aeterna Lucina (also known as the Sovereign Humanitarian Mission State of Aeterna Lucina), was an Australian micronation. It was founded in 1978, and continued until the death of its founder.
The founder and "Supreme Lord" of Aeterna Lucina was German migrant Paul Neuman, who changed his name by deed poll to Paul Baron Neuman. He founded it when living in Byron Bay, and later moved it with him to Curl Curl in Sydney, and finally Cooma. He claimed to have received the title Baron Neuman of Kara Bagh from the exiled former king Hassan III of Afghanistan and also claimed to have been awarded hundreds of other honours, including professorships, Doctorates of Philosophy, and degrees in divinity. He sold at least one "knighthood".
Aeterna Lucina came to public attention in 1990 when Neuman faced fraud charges in the New South Wales court system relating to land sale offences. The case involved A$144,000 and was eventually abandoned in 1992.
# Amitha de Costa

Kesara M. Amitha de Costa (1949 – 8 June 2019) was a cricketer who played first-class cricket for Sri Lanka from 1973 to 1975. He was an opening batsman.
Amitha de Costa attended Thurstan College in Colombo, where he was a prominent member of the cricket team from 1967 to 1969. He played his first match of first-class cricket for Sri Lanka against the touring English team in 1972–73, scoring 12 in the first innings, when he took 65 minutes to make his first run.
He toured India with the Sri Lankan team in 1975-76. He scored 80 against West Zone and was included in the side for the second of the three matches against India. He scored 13 and 31 but Sri Lanka lost and he lost his place for the third match.
In 2017, he was one of the first players to receive financial assistance under a new scheme to help former national players with medical expenses. In September 2018, he was one of 49 former Sri Lankan cricketers felicitated by Sri Lanka Cricket, to honour them for their services before Sri Lanka became a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC).
# Little Britain, London

51°31′01″N 0°05′52″W﻿ / ﻿51.5170°N 0.0978°W﻿ / 51.5170; -0.0978
Little Britain is a street in the City of London running from St. Martin's Le Grand in the east to West Smithfield in the west. It is situated in the Aldersgate and Farringdon Within wards. Postman's Park is also bounded by Little Britain.
Historically, Little Britain referred to a small district in the City just north of London Wall, including this street.
Washington Irving described this district in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., published in 1820. The opening paragraph reads:
   IN the centre of the great City of London lies a small neighborhood, consisting of a cluster of narrow streets and courts, of very venerable and debilitated houses, which goes by the name of LITTLE BRITAIN. Christ Church School and St Bartholomew's Hospital bound it on the west; Smithfield and Long Lane on the north; Aldersgate Street, like an arm of the sea, divides it from the eastern part of the city; whilst the yawning gulf of Bull-and-Mouth Street separates it from Butcher Lane and the regions of Newgate. Over this little territory, thus bounded and designated, the great dome of St. Paul's, swelling above the intervening houses of Paternoster Row, Amen Corner, and Ave-Maria Lane, looks down with an air of motherly protection.
According to Irving, its name is derived from "having been, in ancient times, the residence of the Dukes of Brittany" but this is disputed (see below). Irving also called it "the stronghold of true John Bullism .. with its antiquated folks and fashions".

## History

It is not correct, as often said, that the name comes from a medieval Breton enclave, or a possession of the Dukes of Brittany. It in fact refers to one Robert le Bretoun, who owned houses and tenements here in the 13th century. The street is recorded as Brettonestrete in 1329, as Britten Strete in 1547, and as Lyttell Bretton in 1602.
Booksellers dominated the street from the mid-16th century, followed by goldsmiths and clothing trades from the mid-18th to the 20th centuries. The offices of the Daily Courant, the first British daily newspaper, in the 1700s were in Little Britain. Benjamin Franklin lived in Little Britain while working at Palmers printers.
The conversions of John and Charles Wesley in 1738 are recorded as happening at the house of John Bray at number 12.

## Cultural references

Little Britain is mentioned in Charles Dickens' novel Great Expectations as the location of Jaggers' office. It is also mentioned in Waverley by Sir Walter Scott in connection with the publication of a manuscript. Benjamin Franklin mentions in his autobiography that he stayed there on his first visit to London.

## Transport

The nearest London Underground stations are St Paul's (Central line) and Barbican (Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines) and the closest mainline railway stations are City Thameslink and Moorgate.
# Victoria (The Kinks song)

"Victoria" is a song written by Ray Davies of the Kinks. It is the opening track on the band's 1969 concept album Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire).
Both nostalgic and satirical, Ray Davies' lyrics juxtapose the grim realities of life in Britain during the 19th century ("Sex was bad, called obscene/And the rich were so mean") with the paternalist aspirations of the British Empire in the Victorian age ("From the West to the East/From the rich to the poor/Victoria loved them all"), and expresses the simple adulation of queen and country by the downtrodden working class ("Though I am poor, I am free/When I grow I shall fight/For this land I shall die").
The production begins with a simple heavy rock electric blues guitar riff, carried through each verse and chorus, while the "Land of hope and gloria" bridge and raucous background vocals from Dave Davies build to an exultant climax of brass.
Reviewing the single, Record World called it "beautiful", stating that it "will soon be the cry of the nation."

## Chart performance

In the US, "Victoria" was the lead single from Arthur, backed with album track "Brainwashed", and reached No. 62 on the Billboard Hot 100 – their highest position there since their top 20 hit "Sunny Afternoon" in 1966. In the UK, The Kinks' previous two singles had failed to chart. "Victoria" was released as the third and final single from the album in December (backed with "Mr. Churchill Says"), returning them to the UK Singles Chart, reaching a peak of No. 33. In Canada, the song was a hit in the greater Toronto area, reaching No. 9 on the CHUM Top 30 on 21 March 1970, and staying in the charts for a number of weeks. In Australia, it spent seven weeks in the charts, peaking at No. 57. On Sweden's Tio i Topp chart it reached number 8.

## Later versions

A version by the Fall was a UK Top 40 hit in 1988. A version by the Kooks was released on the War Child charity album, Heroes, in February 2009. The album was also released as a 7" boxed set including a 7" with the Kooks version of "Victoria" on one side and the Kinks version on the other. The song has also been recorded by Cracker, Nomeansno (who adapted the lyrics to be about Victoria, British Columbia), Roy Arad (who translated the song to Hebrew and changed Victoria to the Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin) and Sonic Youth. Mando Diao recorded a version of it with Ray Davies for MTV Unplugged in 2010.

## In popular culture

The instrumental introduction of the song was prominently featured throughout the second episode of How I Met Your Mother's seventh season, "The Naked Truth", culminating when at the end of the episode, Ted Mosby spots his ex-girlfriend Victoria across a gala.

## Personnel

According to band researcher Doug Hinman:
The Kinks
* Ray Davies – lead vocal, acoustic and electric guitars
* Dave Davies – backing vocal, electric guitar
* John Dalton – backing vocal, bass guitar
* Mick Avory – drums, tambourine
Additional musicians
* Lew Warburton – horn arrangement
* Unidentified session musicians – horn section
# Opel Manufacturing Poland

Opel Manufacturing Poland Sp. z o.o. (formerly General Motors Manufacturing Poland Sp. z o.o.) is an automobile manufacturer in Poland. It assembles light commercial vehicles in a factory in Gliwice and builds engines in Tychy. Opel Manufacturing Poland is a subsidiary of Opel Automobile GmbH in Rüsselsheim, Germany which in turn is a subsidiary of Stellantis.
This is not to be confused with the Opel sales company Opel Poland Sp. z o.o. with seat in Warsaw, appearing publicly as Opel Polska.

## Car assembly in Gliwice
### Passenger cars

The factory in Gliwice built the compact Opel Astra car for the Opel, Vauxhall and Holden brands and the Opel Cascada for the formerly named brands and as Buick for the North American market.
The passenger car assembly ended on the 30 November 2021.

### Light commercial vehicles

As the production of Opel Astra in Gliwice was reported to end on the 30 November 2021, Stellantis also announced to start the production of light commercial vehicles (Opel/Vauxhall Movano, Peugeot Boxer, Fiat Ducato, Citroën Jumper and Toyota Proace Max) in April 2022 in the new factory next to the old one.

## Engine factory in Tychy

Formerly GM Powertrain Poland and before that Isuzu Motors Polska Sp. z o.o. or ISPOL was opened in 1996 by Isuzu as a production site for Diesel engines, beginning with the Circle L engine. However, Isuzu's financial troubles caused General Motors to take control with 60% of ISPOL's capital in 2002. Since then the plant manufactured over two million engines for Opel/Vauxhall. The engines are for various Opel/Vauxhall models.
In 2013, General Motors purchased the remaining 40% shares of the Tychy plant from Isuzu Motors Ltd.
In preparation for the sale by GM of the brands Opel and Vauxhall with the whole of the Opel/Vauxhall automobile business in Europe per August 1, 2017, this factory was transferred in the property of Opel Automobile GmbH, which was sold to PSA.
On March 21, 2018 PSA announced that this factory would be retooled to produce 3-cylinder "Puretech" petrol engines to be delivered to PSA's factory in Trnava, Slovakia, saving hundreds of kilometers in transport, and avoiding to build an engine factory at the Trnava site.

## Products
### Current models

* Fiat Ducato (2022−present)
* Peugeot Boxer (2022−present)
* Citroën Jumper (2022−present)
* Opel Movano C (2022−present)

### Past models

* Opel Astra F Classic (1998−2002)
* Opel Agila A (2000−2007)
* Opel Astra G Classic (2003−2009)
* Suzuki Wagon R+ (2005−2007)
* Opel Zafira B (2005−2010)
* Opel Astra H Classic (2006−2014)
* Opel Astra J hatchback (2009−2015)
* Opel Astra GTC (2011−2018)
* Opel Astra J sedan (2012−2020)
* Opel Cascada (2013−2019)
* Opel Astra K hatchback (2015−2021)
# Temperament Unsuited

Temperament Unsuited is a 1978 Australian short film directed by Ken Cameron and starring Steve J. Spears, Robyn Nevin, and Ruth Clayton. The film is about a school teacher.

## Cast

* Steve J. Spears
* Robyn Nevin as Anne
* Ruth Clayton
* Deborah Kennedy as Christine