# AP Physics C: Mechanics

Advanced Placement (AP) Physics C: Mechanics (also known as AP Mechanics) is an introductory physics course administered by the American College Board as part of its Advanced Placement program. It is intended to serve as a proxy for a one-semester calculus-based university course in mechanics. Physics C: Mechanics may be combined with its electricity and magnetism counterpart to form a year-long course that prepares for both exams.

## History

Before 1973, the topics of AP Physics C: Mechanics were covered in a singular AP Physics C exam, which included mechanics, electricity, magnetism, optics, fluids, and modern physics. In 1973, this exam was discontinued, and two new exams were created, which each covered Newtonian mechanics and electromagnetism.
Before 2006, test-takers paid only once and were given the choice of taking either one or two parts of the Physics C test. This was changed so that now test-takers have to pay twice to take both parts of the AP Physics C test.
As a result of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, the AP examination in 2020 was taken online. The topics of oscillations and gravitation were removed from the test.
Before the 2024–25 school year, the multiple choice and free response section were each allotted 45 minutes, with 35 questions for the former and 3 questions for the latter. This made AP Physics C: Mechanics, along with Electricity and Magnetism, the shortest exams offered by College Board. Unlike other exams, the AP Physics C exams also had 5 options that test-takers could choose from, rather than the typical 4. This was changed in an announcement made by College Board in the February 2024 regarding changes to their AP Physics courses for the 2024–25 school year onward, which explained that the multiple choice sections would have 40 questions and the free response sections would have 4 questions. To compensate, College Board allotted 80 minutes for the multiple-choice section and 100 minutes for the free-response section for both exams, making them as long as the ones for AP Physics 1 and AP Physics 2.

## Curriculum

Intended to be equivalent to an introductory college course in mechanics for physics or engineering majors, the course modules are:
| Topic | Exam Weighting |
| Kinematics | 10–15% |
| Force and Translational Dynamics | 20–25% |
| Work, Energy, and Power | 15–25% |
| Linear Momentum | 10–20% |
| Torque and Rotational Dynamics | 10–15% |
| Energy and Momentum of Rotating Systems | 10–15% |
| Oscillations | 10–15% |
Methods of calculus are used wherever appropriate in formulating physical principles and in applying them to physical problems. Therefore, students should have completed or be concurrently enrolled in a Calculus I class.
This course is often compared to AP Physics 1: Algebra Based for its similar course material involving kinematics, work, motion, forces, rotation, and oscillations. However, AP Physics 1: Algebra Based lacks concepts found in Calculus I, like derivatives or integrals. Another key difference is that AP Physics 1 covers fluids, which is not covered in the AP Physics C: Mechanics curriculum.
This course may be combined with AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism to make a unified Physics C course that prepares for both exams.

## Exam

| Section | Questions | Time | Exam Weighting |
| Section I: Multiple Choice | 40 MCQ | 1 hour 20 minutes | 50% |
| Section II: Free Response | 4 FRQ | 1 hour 40 minutes | 50% |
The course culminates in an optional exam for which high-performing students may receive some credit towards their college coursework, depending on the institution.

### Science Practices Assessed

Multiple Choice and Free Response Sections of the AP Physics C: Mechanics exam are also assessed on scientific practices. Below are tables representing the practices assessed and their weighting for both parts of the exam
Section 1: Multiple Choice :
| Science Practice | Exam Weighting |
| 2. Mathematical Routines | 65-85% |
| 3. Experimental Design and Analysis | 20-35% |
Section 2: Free Response :
| Science Practice | Exam Weighting |
| 1. Creating Representations | 20-35% |
| 2. Mathematical Routines | 40-45% |
| 3. Scientific Questioning and Argumentation | 30-35% |

### Grade distribution

The grade distributions since 2010 were:
| Score | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
| 5 | 26.9% | 26.5% | 32.4% | 28.5% | 32.4% | 30.1% | 32.3% | 36.4% | 30.2% | 37.7% | 41.6% | 23.5% | 26.4% | 26.4% | 23% |
| 4 | 25.2% | 24.3% | 26.4% | 26.0% | 25.6% | 27.9% | 27.0% | 27.1% | 27.3% | 26.7% | 26.4% | 28.6% | 25.7% | 26.3% | 29% |
| 3 | 20.7% | 22.2% | 18.6% | 20.2% | 18.7% | 20.0% | 18.1% | 15.8% | 19.7% | 17.4% | 16.3% | 21.3% | 21.3% | 20.7% | 23% |
| 2 | 14.7% | 14.2% | 12.6% | 14.2% | 12.7% | 11.6% | 13.1% | 12.5% | 12.7% | 10.0% | 9.2% | 14.9% | 15.6% | 14.0% | 14% |
| 1 | 12.5% | 12.8% | 10.1% | 11.2% | 10.6% | 10.5% | 9.5% | 8.1% | 10.0% | 8.2% | 6.5% | 11.6% | 11.0% | 12.5% | 11% |
| % of scores 3 or higher | 72.9% | 73.0% | 77.4% | 74.7% | 76.7% | 77.9% | 77.4% | 79.4% | 77.2% | 81.8% | 84.3% | 73.5% | 73.4% | 73.5% | 75% |
| Mean | 3.39 | 3.38 | 3.58 | 3.47 | 3.56 | 3.55 | 3.60 | 3.71 | 3.55 | 3.76 | 3.87 | 3.38 | 3.41 | 3.40 | 3.39 |
| Standard deviation | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.32 | 1.33 | 1.34 | 1.31 | 1.31 | 1.29 | 1.31 | 1.28 | 1.23 | 1.30 | 1.32 | 1.34 | 1.28 |