OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brush (video games)

Brushes are templates used in some 3D video game engines, such as the Quake engine, its derivatives the GoldSrc and Source game engines, or the Unreal Engine, to construct levels. Brushes can be primitive shapes (such as cubes, spheres and cones), pre-defined shapes (such as staircases), or custom shapes (such as prisms and other polyhedra). In order to describe these shapes mathematically, each brush is made up of planes that define its boundaries. A plane can be represented by an equation in 3D space, which looks like this:
$ax+by+cz+d=0$
This equation describes a single flat surface (or plane) in 3D space, where a, b, and c are coefficients that determine the orientation of the plane, and d is a constant that shifts the plane along its axis.
To construct a brush, the game engine uses multiple planes working together. For example, a cube can be defined by six planes, each restricting space within a certain region. Here’s how a set of three planes would be represented mathematically: ${\begin{cases}a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}z+d_{1}=0\\a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}z+d_{2}=0\\a_{3}x+b_{3}y+c_{3}z+d_{3}=0\end{cases}}$
Each of these equations corresponds to a different plane that helps define the shape of the brush.
In some engines such as Unreal, brushes are categorized as either additive or subtractive. Additive brushes add volume to the level, forming walls, platforms, or other structures, while subtractive brushes carve out spaces within these volumes, like windows or doorways.
During the map compilation process, brushes are turned into meshes that can be rendered by the game engine. Often brushes are restricted to convex shapes only, as this reduces the complexity of the binary space partitioning process. However, using CSG operations, complex rooms and objects can be created by adding, subtracting and intersecting brushes to and from one another. Additionally, brushes can be used as liquids or as an area trigger.

## History

Brush-based techniques originated during the period of three-dimensional game development, being developed around the same time period as Quake. These games required 3D geometry for constructing more advanced true 3D environments different from previous raycasting approaches. During this time brushes became used with and closely associated with Binary Space Partitioning as this allowed for sustaining real-time performance on constrained computational hardware. Brushes offered a viable solution, enabling level designers to utilize elementary geometric primitives for the creation of intricate spatial structures.

## Modern use

Brush-based modeling is extensively used in constructive solid geometry, a technique that builds complex surfaces by combining simpler ones using Boolean operations such as union, intersection, and difference. In modern game engines, brushes are usually limited to only being used during the initial prototyping or "Block out" phase. This is due to the fact that they are less efficient when overused, slowing down performance due to their simple, non-optimized geometry.
# Osmodes adon

Osmodes adon, the Adon white-spots, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and north-western Tanzania. The habitat consists of forests.
# Gjon Nikollë Kazazi

Gjon Nikollë Kazazi (in Latin: Giovanni Battista Nicolovich Casasi) was an Albanian Catholic cleric, who served as Archbishop of the Diocese of Skopje, known for discovering Meshari of Gjon Buzuku.

## Biography

Monsignor Gjon Nikollë Kazazi was born on 1 January 1702 in Gjakova, Ottoman Empire (modern day Kosovo). He was an ethnic Albanian born into a Roman Catholic family, his family spoke in the Gheg dialect of the Albanian language. He finished elementary school in Gjakova, at 18 he continued theological studies at Illyric College of St. Peter in Fermo and graduated in 1727 at Illyric College of Loreto, in which he studied philosophy, rhetoric and grammar, in 1727 he got the title of doctor of philosophy and theology. After graduating he became a priest, in 1743 he became Archbishop of Shkup In 1740 he discovered Meshari of Gjon Buzuku. Monsignor Kazazi was the first Albanian researcher in Vatican Secret Archives. Kazaz also referred to detecting fever medicine against disease. He died and was buried in his hometown.
# Ports of Call (Vance novel)

Ports of Call is a 1998 science fiction adventure novel by American writer Jack Vance. Followed by the novel Lurulu, it tells the story of a young man named Myron Tany on a picaresque journey through the Gaean Reach.

## Plot summary

Myron's family intended for Myron to follow a staid and respectable career in economics; however, when his wealthy and eccentric great-aunt Dame Hester came into possession of a space yacht, Myron suddenly found his long suppressed dreams of adventure within reach. Serving as Dame Hester's nominal captain on her journey to find a clinic reputed to restore lost youth to wealthy clients, Myron soon finds that his aunt is capricious as she is flamboyant, and after an argument, finds himself cast away on a remote planet. With no resources to return home, he obtains the position of supercargo on a tramp freighter, which enables him to travel further across the Gaean Reach to exotic lands.

## Reception

F&SF reviewer Elizabeth Hand praised Ports of Call as "delightful," declaring that "one enjoys Ports of Call as one does a Restoration comedy, for the sheer outrageous of its characters and the precision of Vance's often lunatic descriptive powers."
# Namutumba District

Namutumba District, sometimes referred to as Busiki District is a district in Eastern Uganda. It is named after its 'chief town', Namutumba, where the district headquarters are located.

## Location

Namutumba District is bordered by Pallisa District to the north, Kibuku District to the northeast, Butaleja District to the southeast, Bugiri District to the south, Iganga District to the southwest and Kaliro District to the northwest. The district headquarters at Namutumba are located approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi), by road, northeast of Jinja, the largest city in the sub-region. The coordinates of the district are:00 51N, 33 41E.

## Overview

Namutumba District was created by an Act of the Ugandan Parliament in 2005 and became operational on 1 July 2006. The district was previously part of Iganga District and was known as Busiki County. Namutumba District is part of Busoga sub-region. The districts that constitute the sub-region include the following: 1. Bugiri District 2. Buyende District 3. Bugweri District 4. Iganga District 5. Jinja District 6. Kaliro District 7. Kamuli District 8. Luuka District 9. Mayuge District 10. Namayingo District and 11. Namutumba District
According to the 2002 national census, the Busoga sub-region was home to an estimated 2.5 million people. Namutumba District is divided into the following sub-counties and one town council:
* Bulange
* Ivukula
* Kibaale
* Magada
* Namutumba
* Nsinze
* Namutumba TC

## Population

In 1991, the national population census estimated the district population at about 123,900. The national census in 2002 estimated the population of the district at about 167,700. The annual population growth rate in the district was calculated at 2.7%. It is estimated that the population of Namutumba District in 2012 was approximately 218,900.

## Economic activities

Subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry are the two main economic activities in the district.
* Rice
* Groundnuts
* Sorghum
* Millet
* Cassava
# Frome Billet

Frome Billet is a former village in Dorset, located at the northern part of West Stafford.
It was first mentioned in the Domesday Book where it was recorded to have a slight archaeological evidence of a medieval settlement. It is currently represented by the Stafford House.
# Guzmán de Alfarache

Guzmán de Alfarache (Spanish pronunciation:) is a picaresque novel written by Mateo Alemán and published in two parts: the first in Madrid in 1599 with the title Primera parte de Guzmán de Alfarache, and the second in 1604, titled Segunda parte de la vida de Guzmán de Alfarache, atalaya de la vida humana.
The works tells the first person adventures of a picaro, a young street urchin, as he matures into adulthood. It thus ultimately both recounts adventures and moralizes on those childish excesses. Guzmán de Alfarache, by this means, is conceived as an extensive doctrinal sermon about the sins of society, and was so received by the author's contemporaries, despite the hybrid qualities between an engaging novel and a moralizing discourse.
The novel was highly popular in its time. Many editions were published, not only in Spanish, but in French, German, English, Italian, and Latin. The English translation, by James Mabbe, was published in 1622, under alternative titles The Rogue and The Life of Guzman de Alfarache.
Apocryphal sequels and imitations were also soon produced, being that of 1602, written, probably, by the lawyer and poet Juan Martí, under the pseudonym of Mateo Luján de Sayavedra, and published in Valencia, the most important and successful, due to its influence on the second part of Alemán.

## Genre

This novel has many similarities to other picaresque novels such as Lazarillo de Tormes. The main character is an antihero, born in infamy, and emerging into a lower-class world of delinquency and roguish misadventures. He ends up condemned as a prisoner to be a galley-slave, seeking absolution for his past life.

### Modern editions

Among the most prominent modern editions are those by:
* Francisco Rico, Barcelona, Planeta, 1987. ISBN 978-84-320-3886-0
* José María Micó, Madrid, Cátedra, 1987. ISBN 978-84-376-0708-5

## Adaptations

In 1987, a loose film adaptation titled The Rogues was directed by Mario Monicelli.
# To Kill a Mockingbird (disambiguation)

To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1960 novel by American author Harper Lee.
To Kill a Mockingbird may also refer to:
* To Kill a Mockingbird (film), a 1962 adaptation of the novel
* To Kill a Mockingbird (2018 play), a 2018 Broadway play
# Richard Satterlie

Richard Satterlie is a specialist in invertebrate neurobiology, and Frank Hawkins Kenan Distinguished Professor at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. He has also written four novels and a poetry collection.

## Books

* Phoenix (Novel: Historical, American West) Whiskey Creek Press, 2006. First place winner, Arizona Authors Association annual book awards in the published fiction category.
* Something Bad (Novel: Horror) Medallion Press, 2007. Silver Medal winner, Independent Publishers IPPY book awards (2008).
* Rollicking Anthropomorphisms and Other Observations on the Human Condition (Poetry Collection) Whiskey Creek Press, 2008. Finalist, 2009 EPPIE awards in poetry category (EPICon 2009 annual writing contest)
* Agnes Hahn (Novel: Psychological Suspense) Medallion Press, 2008.
* Imola (Novel: Psychological Suspense) Medallion Press, September 2009)
# William Woods

William, Bill or Billy Woods may refer to:

## Politicians

* William Woods (New York politician) (1790–1837), American lawyer from New York, served 1823–1825
* William Burnham Woods (1824–1887), American jurist and Civil War general from Ohio
* William Cleaver Woods (1852–1943), Australian physician, medical scientist and politician
* William Carlton Woods (1891–1965), Canadian farmer and politician from Saskatchewan
* William Woods (Irish politician) (died 1966), independent member of Seanad Éireann

## Sportsmen

* Bill Woods (Australian footballer) (1890–1972), player with Geelong in VFL
* Willie Woods (1898–1927), American baseball outfielder in the 1920s Negro leagues
* Billy Woods (New Zealand footballer), New Zealand footballer
* Billy Woods (English footballer) (1926–1980), English footballer who played in the 1949–50 Rochdale A.F.C. season
* Billy Woods (Irish footballer) (born 1973), winger, later coach with Cork City
* William Woods (pitcher) (born 1998), American baseball pitcher

## Others

* Sir William Woods (officer of arms) (1785–1842), British Clarenceux King of Arms in 1831, promoted to Garter in 1838
* William Allen Woods (1837–1901), American federal judge
* William Maitland Woods (1864–1927), English Anglican minister and military chaplain in Australia
* William Aaron Woods (born 1942), American researcher in natural language processing and semantics
* William E. Woods (1949–2008), American gay rights activist in Hawaii
* Bill Woods (born 1962), Australian television broadcaster
* Billy Woods, American hip-hop artist, active since the 1990s
# Who Were the British?

Who Were the British? is a six-part television series made by Anglia Television, and written and presented by Brian Hope-Taylor, focusing on the early history and origins of Britain. It was shown on ITV in a late-night slot, with starting times varying between 10:40pm and 11:20pm. The Lost Centuries was a sequel.

## Episode guide

1. The Conquerors (TX: 20 June 1966)
The Roman invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar, Roy long and Claudius. The tribes living in Britain at the time may have been barbarians but they were not savages.
2. The Investigators (TX: 27 June 1966)
How archaeological excavation is done and what it tells us. Shows excavations at Dunbar and Maiden Castle.
3. The Immigrants (TX: 4 July 1966)
The origins of The Ancient Britons and their Celtic connections. The use of flint and bronze. Reconstruction of an Iron Age settlement. Sites visited include Grimes Graves; Skara Brae, Orkney.
4. The Believers (TX: 11 July 1966)
The beliefs of the Ancient British and the ritual element in their lives. Tollund Man, Denmark. Sites visited include Maeshowe, Orkney; West Kennet, Silbury Hill; Stonehenge; Avebury.
5. The Builders (TX: 18 July 1966)
The lasting influence of the Romans - the building of roads, towns, and Hadrian's Wall.
6. The Inheritors TX: 25 July 1966)
The Roman legacy in Britain -Bath, Lullingstone villa.
The series received two repeat runs on ITV: 5 April 1967 - 10 May 1967 and 27 August 1971 - 1 October 1971 respectively.

## Production credits

Director: Forbes Taylor
Producer: Peter Hunt
Presenter: Brian Hope-Taylor
Contributor: Glyn Daniel
Director of photography: Ian Craig
Film editor: Paul Shortall
Sound recordists: Charles Earl, Roy Charman
Sound editor: Pat Holmes
Designer: Peter Farman
Drawings: Alan Sorrell

## Current availability

The entire series can viewed for educational purposes through the online academic archive, Film and Sound Online - within the Anglia Television Library collection. This archive is available to teachers and students in UK Further and Higher Education institutions possessing Athens accounts.
# WBRR

WBRR (100.1 FM) is a radio station in Bradford, Pennsylvania. The station, operated by sister station WESB, is a classic-leaning mainstream rock format station branded as "100.1 The Hero" (HERO having originated with a previous format as an acronym for "High Energy Rockin' Oldies").
All staff is shared with WESB.
For most of the 1990s and early 2000s, WBRR was an oldies outlet known as "Cool 100". In 2007, major changes were made to the morning show (adding Scott Douglas, who was previously the morning host and program director at classic rock WQRS; Douglas left the station in 2014) and shifted formats to classic rock. In August 2008, Igor was tapped to do nights on WBRR. Igor joined after working at 100.7 WMMS and 92.3 WORM Xtreme Radio in Cleveland and Q92 WIMP in Canton, Ohio. The station subsequently shifted its format to a mainstream rock mix of 90's and New Old Rock WBRR has filled a niche as the western Twin Tiers' only rock station.
In 2024, WBRR dropped its local morning show in favor of an iHeartMedia syndicated Woody and Wilcox program; local hosts continue to be heard in the midday and afternoon shifts and for local news inserts. In 2024, WBRR signed an agreement with St. Bonaventure University to become the broadcast home of the St. Bonaventure Bonnies men's and women's basketball games; it is only the second such agreement in St. Bonaventure's history, as WPIG had been the flagship for the previous 74 years for the men's team (the women's team had been on several other stations) until WPIG's owners chose not to renew in 2023.
# Barb Higgins

Barbara Joan Higgins (born September 21, 1962) is best known in Southern Alberta for her 21 year career as senior anchor, writer and producer of the 6 o'clock news for CTV Calgary. After a 26 year career as a journalist, Higgins left her post at CTV in July 2010 to run for public office in the Calgary mayoral election.

## Biography

Barbara Joan Higgins was born September 21, 1962, in Edmonton, Alberta. She graduated from Ross Sheppard High School in 1979 and enrolled in Business Administration at NAIT. After two years of study in Business Administration, she transferred to NAIT's Radio and Television Arts. Higgins worked with both CBC and CTV affiliates in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. She moved to Calgary in March 1989.
On July 23, 2010, Higgins announced her intention to run as a candidate for mayor in the 2010 Calgary civic election to be held that October. She subsequently described herself as a fiscal conservative with a heart. Her campaign rhetoric focused on setting the tone at City Hall and empowering civic employees to develop solutions to address Calgary's $60-million budget shortfall. Higgins placed third behind Naheed Nenshi and Ric McIver, accumulating over 90,000 votes, just over 25% of the total votes cast.
According to her website, after leaving journalism and politics she works as a wellness counsellor and somatic therapist.

## Awards and honours

* Winner of 'Best News Series' from the Radio and Television News Directors Association for her 3-part series on Calgary firefighter Greg McDougal's battle with the Workers Compensation Board.
* Winner of the 'Best of Festival' award at CanPro and winner of 'Most Inspirational' award at the Alberta Motion Picture Industry Association (AMPIA) for her documentary Running on Empty.
* Queen's Diamond Jubilee Award.
* Peter Legge Philanthropy Award.
* UNICEF Volunteer of the Year Award.
* City of Calgary White Hat Award.
* Two time winner of Calgary's Top 40 Under 40
# Thanh Tân, Bến Tre

Thanh Tân is a rural commune of Mỏ Cày Bắc District, Bến Tre Province, Vietnam. The commune covers an area of 20.24 km$^2$. In 1999, the population was recorded to reach 11,051, with a population density of 546 inhabitants/km$^2$.
# Scha (disambiguation)

Scha may refer to:

## People

* Remko Scha (1945–2015), Dutch professor of computational linguistics
* Scha Alyahya (born 1983), Malaysian model, actress and TV host

## Other

* Shcha (Щ), a Cyrillic letter
* Chamonate Airport (ICAO: SCHA), an airport serving Copiapó, Atacama Region, Chile
# Alfred von Gutschmid

Hermann Alfred Freiherr (Baron) von Gutschmid (1 July 1835 – 2 March 1887), German historian and Orientalist, was born at Loschwitz near (Dresden).
He devoted himself to the study of Eastern language and history in its pre-Greek and Hellenistic periods, contributed largely to the literature of the subject. After holding chairs at Kiel (1866), Königsberg (1873), and Jena (1876), he was finally appointed professor of history at Tübingen, where he remained until his death in that city.

## Works

* Über die Fragmente des Pompeius Trogus (supplementary volume of Jahrbücher für classische Philologie, 1857).
* Die makedonische Anagraphe (1864).
* Beiträge zur Geschichte des alten Orients (Leipzig, 1858).
* Neue Beiträge zur Geschichte des alten Orients., vol. i., Die Assyriologie in Deutschland (Leipzig, 1876).
* Die Glaubwürdigkeit der armenischen Geschichte des Moses von Khoren (1877).
* Untersuchungen über die syrische Epitome des eusebischen Canones (1886).
* Untersuchungen über die Geschichte des Königreichs Osraëne (1887).
* Geschichte Irans und seiner Nachbarländer von Alexander dem Großen bis zum Untergang der Arsaciden (History of Iran and its neighboring countries of Alexander the Great to the fall of the Arsacidae); published posthumously by Theodor Nöldeke (1888).
He wrote on Persia and Phoenicia in the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. A collection of minor works entitled Kleine Schriften was published by Franz Rühl at Leipzig (1889–1894, 5 vols.), with complete list of his writings. See article by Rühl in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, xlix. (1904).
# Landgraaf railway station

Landgraaf is a railway station in Landgraaf, Netherlands, situated near the district Schaesberg. Before 1986, it was called Schaesberg. The station was opened on 1 May 1896 and is located on the Sittard–Herzogenrath railway and the Heuvellandlijn (Maastricht–Kerkrade). Services are operated by Arriva and Deutsche Bahn.
Originally named Schaesberg, it was renamed in 1986 after the municipality of Landgraaf, which was formed in 1982 and includes Schaesberg. The Heerlen-Kerkrade line, which serves Landgraaf, was electrified in 1986, and the line to Herzogenrath was electrified in 2018. The station can be considered a fork station.
Facilities at the station include a ticket machine, bike lockers, a bike storage area, and car parking spaces. The former station building now houses an Italian restaurant.
Event Platform In 2012, ProRail extended one of the platforms from 85 to 146 meters and widened it from 3 to 6 meters to accommodate longer trains for the Pinkpop festival. Festival director Jan Smeets officially opened the platform with a special 'Pinkpop tile' on May 24, 2012.
Connections Landgraaf Station has three tracks: tracks 1 and 2 are on the Sittard-Kerkrade line, and track 3 is on the Maastricht-Aachen line.

## Train services

The following train services call at this station:
* Express RE 18: Aachen–Maastricht
* Local Stoptrein: Sittard–Heerlen–Kerkrade
# The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan in England

The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan in England is an 1828 novel by the British traveller and writer James Justinian Morier. It is a sequel to his 1824 novel The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan. It followed despite protests from the Persian ambassador to London about the original. Morier presented it as an satire on Western Civilisation.
Along with the original novel it provided part of the inspiration for the 1954 American film The Adventures of Hajji Baba directed by Don Weis and starring John Derek, Elaine Stewart and Amanda Blake.