OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Walter Desmond

Walter J. Desmond (February 3, 1876 – May 13, 1951) was a lawyer, Postmaster, and Public Works Commissioner in Long Beach, California before serving as a Judge on the Los Angeles County Superior Court and the California Court of Appeal.
Born to Irish immigrants in Worcester, Massachusetts, Desmond graduated from Harvard University in 1898 and Harvard Law School in 1901. He practiced law in Boston for four years before moving to Long Beach, California in 1905. He was admitted to the California State Bar in February 1906, and opened a law office in town. When oil was discovered in Signal Hill in 1921, a large part of his practice was devoted to drawing oil leases. He served as Long Beach Postmaster and was later appointed Public Works Commissioner for the City of Long Beach.
He was appointed Judge in the Los Angeles Superior Court by Governor C.C. Young on August 3, 1927, and served until April 11, 1934, when he took an appointment from Governor Rolph as an Associate Justice for the California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division 3. After serving for a little more than six months in that position, he accepted an appointment to return to the bench on the Los Angeles Superior Court by Governor Merriam on November 1, 1934. On January 2, 1943, he was appointed Presiding Justice of the California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division 3 by Governor Olson. He retired from the bench on July 1, 1948.
Desmond died at the age of 75 in Long Beach, California on May 13, 1951.
The Knights of Columbus Council #3449, located at 5459 Atlantic Avenue in Long Beach, is named after Judge Walter Desmond. Judge Desmond is a founding member of Knights of Columbus Council #987.
His son Walter Jr. (1909–2007) was an attorney and judge for nearly 60 years in Long Beach. He served as president of the Long Beach Bar Association, and as a judge pro tem of the Long Beach Municipal Court from 1970 to 1983.
Another son, Gerald (1915–1964), was a prominent Democratic politician and civic leader who served as a Long Beach City Councilmember and as Long Beach City Attorney. The Gerald Desmond Bridge which opened in 1968 and connects Terminal Island and Long Beach, was named in his honor.
His great-grandson, Michael Desmond, serves as Chief Counsel at the Internal Revenue Service in Washington, D.C. He was nominated for the position in March 2018, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 27, 2019, and sworn into office on March 4, 2019.
# Visa policy of Transnistria

Transnistria does not require foreign citizens to obtain a visa; however, foreign citizens need to obtain and fill out a migration card (scanners are installed at some checkpoints to automatically fill them out). The validity period is 45 days with the possibility of extension for a period not exceeding 3 years. In addition, citizens belonging to the members of the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations may also visit Transnistria without a visa. Foreign citizens may enter using an internal passport or an ID card in lieu of a passport.

## Admission restrictions

Since 1 April 2023, free entry into the territory of Transnistria is prohibited for all citizens of Ukraine aged between 18 and 60 years old, unless they have obtained permission from the Ministry of State Security of Transnistria. Affected citizens of Ukraine may apply for a permit to enter Transnistria through a local Transnistrian contact, who submits an electronic or written application to obtain the permit. The permit is generally issued within three working days, but can take up to ten days.
Citizens of Ukraine who have previously entered Transnistria after 24 February 2022, or who are traveling to their wives, husbands, parents, children or siblings living in Transnistria and hold proof of such links are exempt from the entry restrictions.
# Walter Deverell

Walter Howell Deverell (1827–1854) was a United States-born British artist, closely associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.

## Biography

Deverell was born in Charlottesville, Virginia, into an English family who moved back to Britain when Walter was only two years old. He studied art at the Royal Academy Schools, where he met Dante Gabriel Rossetti. He and Rossetti shared a studio in 1851 at 17 Red Lion Square. It consisted of three rooms on the first floor, and the studio room, looking north, had its window extended up to the ceiling to admit more light. The Pre-Raphaelites had been founded in 1848, and under Rossetti's influence Deverell's work began to show the influence of the movement, while still retaining features more characteristic of earlier genre painters like Charles Robert Leslie.
It was Deverell who "discovered" Elizabeth Siddal, the Pre-Raphaelites' most important early model. However, despite his attraction to her, she later married Rossetti. Rossetti's assistant Henry Treffry Dunn was recommended for the position by Deverell. After the resignation of James Collinson from the PRB, Rossetti proposed that Deverell should replace him, but no decision was ever made.
Deverell completed very few important works, exhibiting only four paintings at the R.A. before his early death from Bright's disease at the age of twenty-seven. He lived in Kew, now part of London, where one of his paintings, A Pet, was done in his house.
# Visborg Church

Visborg Church is a church in Visby, on the island of Gotland in Sweden.
The church was built in 1969 and designed by architect Per Erik Nilsson. It's built of brick and pine wood. The decorative glass in the church is made by artist Jan Wichelgren, while Christine Wichelgren has made the textiles.
# Walter Felsenstein

Walter Felsenstein (30 May 1901 – 8 October 1975) was an Austrian theater and opera director.
He was one of the most important exponents of textual accuracy, productions in which dramatic and musical values were exquisitely researched and balanced. His most famous students were Götz Friedrich and Harry Kupfer both of whom went on to have important careers developing Felsenstein's work. Opera director Siegfried Schoenbohm was one of his assistants.

## Biography

Felsenstein was born in Vienna and began his career at the Burgtheater there. From 1923 to 1932, he was a theater actor in Lübeck, Mannheim and Beuthen, where he first worked as a director. In Basel and Freiburg im Breisgau, he became closely acquainted with the contemporary concert hall.
From 1932 to 1934 he worked as an opera director in Cologne, and from 1934 to 1936 at the Oper Frankfurt. He worked in Zürich from 1938 to 1940 and returned in 1940 to Germany, where he was active at the Berlin Schillertheater until 1944. Additionally, he worked as a guest director in Aachen, Düsseldorf, Metz and Strassburg. In 1942 he produced Le nozze di Figaro at the Salzburg Festival, with Clemens Krauss conducting, and sets and costumes by Stefan Hlawa.
From 1945 to 1947 he worked at the Hebbel-Theater in Berlin. In 1947 he created the Komische Oper in East Berlin, where he worked as director until his death. From 1956 on he was vice-president of the Academy of Arts, Berlin of the German Democratic Republic. He was awarded the National Prize of DDR in 1950, 1951, 1956, 1960, and 1970.
Although his presence in the German Democratic Republic was "mostly an accident of geography," he was able to get the support of the government do his life's work.
Together with the Komische Oper troupe he visited the USSR a few times. In 1969 he directed the Russian language production of Carmen by Bizet at the Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Academic Music Theater in Moscow. In Moscow it was stated that his way of the opera staging was similar to the principles of Konstantin Stanislavsky.
Felsenstein died at age 74 in East Berlin. He is buried in Kloster on Hiddensee, an island in the Baltic Sea.

## Translations

He translated and edited numerous operatic works into German, including Carmen (Georges Bizet, 1949) and La traviata (Giuseppe Verdi, 1955). Famous productions include Die Zauberflöte (Mozart, 1954), Les contes d'Hoffmann (Jacques Offenbach, 1958), Otello (Verdi, 1959), Barbe-bleue (Offenbach, 1961), The Cunning Little Vixen (Leoš Janáček, 1956), and A Midsummer Night's Dream (Benjamin Britten). The foreign-language operas Felsenstein produced were not usually set in their original tongue, but in a German translation.
# Viscount Leverhulme

Viscount Leverhulme, of the Western Isles in the Counties of Inverness and Ross and Cromarty, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom created in 1922 for the industrialist and philanthropist William Lever, 1st Baron Leverhulme. He had already been created a baronet, of Thornton Manor in the parish of Thornton Hough in the County of Chester, in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom in 1911, and Baron Leverhulme, of Bolton-le-Moors in the County Palatine of Lancaster, in 1917, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
His grandson, the third Viscount, was Lord-Lieutenant of Cheshire between 1949 and 1990 and Chancellor of the University of Liverpool from 1980 until 1993. The Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital at Liverpool Veterinary School is named after him. He had three daughters but no sons and on his death in 2000 the titles became extinct.
The hulme section of the title was in honour of the 1st Viscount's wife, Elizabeth Hulme.

## Lever baronets, of Thornton Manor (1911)

* Sir William Hesketh Lever, 1st Baronet (1851–1925) (created Baron Leverhulme in 1917)

## Barons Leverhulme (1917)

* William Hesketh Lever, 1st Baron Leverhulme (1851–1925) (created Viscount Leverhulme in 1922)

## Viscounts Leverhulme (1922)

* William Hesketh Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme (1851–1925)
* William Hulme Lever, 2nd Viscount Leverhulme (1888–1949)
* Philip William Bryce Lever, 3rd Viscount Leverhulme (1915–2000)

## Arms

Coat of arms of Viscount Leverhulme :
* CrestA trumpet fesswise thereon a cock Proper charged on the breast with a rose as in the arms.
* EscutcheonPer pale Argent and barry of eight Or and Azure two bendlets Sable the upper one engrailed in sinister chief a chaplet Gules and in the dexter base a rose of the last leaved and seeded Proper.
* SupportersOn either side an elephant Or charged on the shoulder with a rose Gules.
* MottoMutare Vel Timere Sperno (I Scorn To Change Or Fear)
# Wadąg (river)

Wadąg river is a tributary of the Łyna in Poland. It starts from Wadąg Lake and flows into the Łyna near the city of Olsztyn. It has an overall length of 68 kilometers. It shares its name with the settlement of Wadąg through which it flows.
* This article related to a river in Poland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Wairoa River (Bay of Plenty)

The Wairoa River runs north into Tauranga Harbour at the western end of the Bay of Plenty in New Zealand's North Island.

## Hydroelectric power

In the mid-1970s the Tauranga Joint Generation Committee proposed a hydroelectric power scheme for the Wairoa River. The newly formed Kaimai Canoe Club (established by Barry Anderson, Bill Ross, Kerry Smith and Peter Entwistle) opposed the scheme at the water rights headings, this was on the grounds that it would destroy fishing, sport and recreation for existing and future generations. A compromise was arrived at by allowing the release of water 26 days a year for whitewater recreation. The last dam diverts water around the river bed to the Ruahihi Power Station.
TrustPower is now the manager of the power scheme on the river.

## Whitewater recreation

Every year in February the upper section of the river is home to a kayak extreme whitewater race. The first day is a sprint down to bottom of The Waterfall. The second day is head to head racing down the Grade V Waterfall and Rollercoaster.
The whitewater starts at McLaren Falls, a seven-metre Grade VI waterfall (usually not paddled). The first one-metre drop is called "Humpty Dumpty", often used as a warm-up. The first major rapid is "Mother's Nightmare" - a long Grade IV rapid finishing with a 2-metre drop. Then follow the few grade III rapids (Helicopter, Double Trouble & Devils Elbow/Washing Machine). Then comes the two Grade V sections, "Top Waterfall" (a small drop into a hole followed by a three-metre drop) and Roller Coaster. After that there is a Grade III rock garden, a Whitewater Slalom gorge and few short grade III rapids leading up to the grade III "Bottom Waterfall" (another two metre drop).
* Mother's Nightmare entry
* Mother's Nightmare
* Mother's Nightmare (looking upstream)
* Mother's nightmare drop
* Top Waterfall
* Rollercoaster Rapid
* Roller Coaster, Wairoa River, Bay of Plenty
* Bottom Waterfall
# Visby lenses

The Visby lenses are a collection of lens-shaped manufactured objects made of rock crystal (quartz) found in several Viking graves on the island of Gotland, Sweden, and dating from the 11th or 12th century.
Some were in silver mounts with filigree, the mounting covering the back of the lens, and were probably used as jewellery; it has been suggested that the lenses themselves are much older than their mounts.
Some of the lenses can be seen at the Fornsal historical museum in Visby, while some are in the Swedish National Museum in Stockholm, and others have been lost.

## Discovery

Excavations at Fröjel on Gotland in 1999 discovered evidence of local manufacture of beads and lenses from rock crystal, with unworked pieces of crystal coexisting with partially finished beads and lenses.

## Characteristics

The lenses are bi-aspheric and two of them have very good imaging properties. Their surface appears to be an oblate ellipse, while the surface nearest the eye approaches a parabola.
The best example of the lenses measures 50 mm (2.0 in) in diameter and has a thickness of 30 mm (1.2 in) at its centre, with an angular resolution of 25–30 μm.
It was reported by Otto Ahlström in 1950 that most have aspheric surfaces. The best of the lenses have low spherical aberration, indicating that their surface profile was optimized to improve image quality. Most of the lenses, however, do not show any sign of optimization and produce worse images than a simple spherical lens.
Prior to the Fröjel finds it had been suggested that the lenses were not produced by the Vikings, as there are hints that they were in fact produced in Byzantium or Eastern Europe. The Vikings of Gotland were known to have participated in trade networks that reached as far as Constantinople.

## Proposed uses

The Visby lenses provide evidence that sophisticated lens-making techniques were being used by artisans over 1,000 years ago, at a time when researchers had only just begun to explore the laws of refraction. According to Schmidt and his co-workers, it is clear that the artisans worked by trial and error, since the mathematics to calculate the best form for a lens were not discovered until several hundred years later. It has been suggested that the knowledge required to make such lenses was restricted to only a few people, and perhaps only one.
Various uses have been proposed for the lenses. They may have been used by artisans for magnification in fine work, as reading stones, or to start fires. Olaf Schmidt has speculated that they may have been used as part of a telescope.
# Vishnevetsky

Vishnevetsky is a Ukrainian surname with the Polish equivalent as Wiśniowiecki.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Dmytro Vyshnevetsky (1516–1563), Hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks
* Ignatiy Vishnevetsky (born 1986), Russian-born American film critic and essayist
* Igor Vishnevetsky (born 1964), Russian poet

## History

* House of Wiśniowiecki, a Polish princely family of Ruthenian-Lithuanian origin

## Places

* Vyshnivets, formerly known as Wiśniowiec, an urban-type settlement in the Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine
# Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program

Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), launched in 2015, is Sweden’s largest individual research program.
The total funding is 6,2 billion SEK, whereof 4,9 billion SEK is donated by Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
Since January 2020, Sara Mazur is the chair of the program, and program director is Anders Ynnerman.

## Research

The aim of the program is academic basic research in artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, and software. The goal is recruitment of 80 leading researchers and examination of 600 PhD students

## Collaboration partners

WASP has five partner universities: Chalmers University of Technology, Linköping University, Lund University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and Umeå University. In addition, there are affiliated research groups at Örebro University, Uppsala University and Luleå University of Technology that are also included.
Collaboration with Swedish industry is crucial, and, at present (January 2023) 60 companies are engaged in the program.
# Voissay

Voissay (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.

## Geography

The river Boutonne forms all of the commune's northern border.
# Walloomsac, New York

Walloomsac, New York is a location in New York State, on the Walloomsac River. It is to the east, and upstream, from North Hoosick, New York. It includes the Bennington Battlefield, which was fought on both sides of the river and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. It is located in the northeast part of the Town of Hoosick, in Rensselaer County. The nearest community is Hoosick Falls, to its southwest.
# Walter Jackson Freeman III

Walter Jackson Freeman III (January 30, 1927 – April 24, 2016), was an American biologist, theoretical neuroscientist and philosopher who conducted research in rabbits' olfactory perception, using EEG. Based on a theoretical framework of neurodynamics that draws upon insights from chaos theory, he speculated that the currency of brains is primarily meaning, and only secondarily information.
In "Societies of Brains" and in other writings, Freeman rejected the view that the brain uses representations to enable knowledge and behavior.

## Biography and contribution to science

Walter Freeman was born in Washington, DC. His father was Walter Jackson Freeman II; his great-grandfather was William Williams Keen.
Freeman was a multi-disciplinary scientist, prominent in both neuroscience and mathematics. He studied physics and mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, electronics in the Navy in World War II, philosophy at the University of Chicago, medicine at Yale University, internal medicine at Johns Hopkins, and neuropsychiatry at University of California, Los Angeles. He received his M.D. cum laude in 1954, the Bennett Award from the Society of Biological Psychiatry in 1964, a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1965, the MERIT Award from NIMH in 1990, and the Pioneer Award from the Neural Networks Council of the IEEE in 1992. He was a Professor Emeritus of Neurobiology at University of California, Berkeley. He was also the head of the international advisory council at the Bhaktivedanta Institute for advanced scientific research in consciousness.
Freeman was President of the International Neural Network Society in 1994, and is a Life Fellow of the IEEE. He has authored over 450 articles and 4 books.
In 2008, Freeman proposed that Thomism is the philosophical system explaining cognition that is most compatible with neurodynamics.
Freeman died at his home in Berkeley, California on April 24, 2016 from pulmonary fibrosis, aged 89.
A special Theme Issue of the journal Nonlinear Dynamics in Psychology (N 21/4, 2017) was devoted to Freeman's work and theory
# Martha (disambiguation)

Martha is a biblical figure.
Martha may also refer to:

## People

* Martha (given name), a given name (including a list of people and characters with the name)

## Places
### United States

* Martha, Alabama, an unincorporated community now called "Hacoda"
* Martha, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
* Martha, New Jersey, an unincorporated community within Bass River Township
* Martha, Oklahoma, a town
* Martha, Tennessee, an unincorporated community

### Other

* 205 Martha, an asteroid
* St Martha's Hill, and St Martha's Church, Surrey, United Kingdom

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Fictional elements

* Marthas, a class of women in Margaret Atwood's novel The Handmaid's Tale and its television adaptation

### Films

* Martha (1923 film), an American Disney short film
* Martha (1936 film), a German film directed by Karl Anton
* Martha (1967 film), a Danish film directed by Erik Balling
* Martha (1974 film), a German TV film written and directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder
* Martha, a 2015 American short film directed by Sam Benenati and produced by Filippo Nesci
* Martha (2024 film), a documentary film about Martha Stewart

### Music

* Martha (band), punk band from Durham, UK
* Martha (opera), by Friedrich von Flotow
* Martha and the Muffins, Canadian pop group
* Martha and the Vandellas, American pop group
* "Martha My Dear", a song by The Beatles from their White Album (1968)
* "Martha", a song by Jefferson Airplane from their album After Bathing at Baxter's (1967)
* "Martha", a song by Tom Waits from his album Closing Time (1973)
* "Martha", a song by Rufus Wainwright from his album All Days Are Nights: Songs for Lulu (2010)

### Television

* Martha Speaks (TV series), a 2008 children's animated sitcom
* Martha (TV series), a television talk show hosted by Martha Stewart

## Other uses

* Martha (passenger pigeon), the last passenger pigeon
* Martha (ship), several ships
* Martha organisation, a non-profit organisation based in Finland
# Volcano shrew

The volcano shrew (Sylvisorex vulcanorum) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae found in the high-altitude rainforest of Burundi, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and swamps. Its type locality is at Karisoke in Rwanda.
# The Last Penny

The Last Penny (French: Le dernier sou) is a 1946 French drama film directed by André Cayatte and starring Ginette Leclerc, Gilbert Gil and Fernand Charpin. It was one of three films Leclerc appeared in for the collaborationist Continental Films, which she believed led to her arrest by the authorities following the Liberation. Although it was made during the Second World War the film was not released until March 1946.

## Synopsis

A secretary tries to save her friend's company from being bankrupted by unscrupulous figures.

## Cast

* Gilbert Gil as Pierre Durban
* Ginette Leclerc as Marcelle Levasseur
* Fernand Charpin as Colon
* Noël Roquevert as Stéfani
* Jacques Berlioz as Le président du tribunal
* Gabrielle Fontan as Mme. Durban
* Annie France as Jacqueline
* René Génin as Perrin
* Zélie Yzelle
* Guy Decomble
# Selise

Selise (Seto: Selissä) is a village in Setomaa Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia.
# Visual Science

Visual Science may refer to:
* Vision science, the scientific study of vision
* The study of optics, ophthalmology, and optometry.
* Visual Sciences (game company), founded 1993
* Visual Sciences (formerly known as WebSideStory), founded 1996
# Birpurush (drama)

Birpurush is a 2010 Bengali drama staged by Kolkata based theatre group Swapnasandhani and directed by Kaushik Sen.

## Plot

The drama is inspired by Rabindranath Tagore's poem Birpurush, it was not a children's play (though it was misinterpreted like that). The play had some amount of violence in it. The story was based on contemporary social and political condition of West Bengal. A wounded soldier and a Maoist get trapped in a forest and there they both claim to be Birpurush (brave man). There were some characters like 'Kishen Kanhaiya', 'Buddhadesh' and 'Monmohinidesh' which mocked real life personalities. In this play Kaushik Sen acted as himself and it is a self-critical character.

## Credits
### Cast

* Kanchan Mullick
* Riddhi Sen
* Kaushik Sen

### Crew

* Direction: Kaushik Sen
* Production: Swapnasandhani
* Inspired by: Birpurush of Rabindranath Tagore
* Script: Sumitro Bandyopadhyay