OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development

The Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development is an independent, academic, non-profit research center at Tufts University in Boston, dedicated to researching drug development. It was established in 1976 by American physician Louis Lasagna. The Center develops and publishes information to help researchers, regulators, and policy makers in areas related to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. In any given year, approximately 55% of Tufts CSDD's operating expenses are supported by grants from the private sector and 45% from the public sector.

## Research

The Center studies trends in the pharmaceutical industry, maintaining databases pertaining to investigational new drugs, approved drugs, biopharmaceuticals, fast-tracked drugs, and orphan drugs. The Center provides this information with the aim to improve the efficiency of drug development, foster innovation, and increase patient access to medicines.

### Drug development costs

The center has published numerous studies estimating the cost of developing new pharmaceutical drugs. In 2001, researchers from the Center estimated that the cost of doing so was $802 million, and in 2014, they released a study estimating that this amount had risen to nearly $2.6 billion. The 2014 study was criticized by Medecins Sans Frontieres, which said it was unreliable because the industry's research and development spending is not made public. Aaron Carroll of the New York Times also criticized the study, saying it "contains a lot of assumptions that tend to favor the pharmaceutical industry." The center's 2016 estimate, published in the Journal of Health Economics, found the cost to have averaged $2.87 billion (in 2013 dollars).
# Until I Find You

Until I Find You (2005) is the 11th published novel by John Irving. The novel was originally written in first person and only changed 10 months before publication. After realizing that so much of the material—childhood sexual abuse and a long-lost father who eventually ends up in a mental institution—was too close to his own experiences, Irving postponed publication of the novel while he rewrote it entirely in third person.

## Premise

While the novel uses many of the themes and plot devices that have already seen treatment in other works by the author, it treads new ground in taking on the fallibility of memory, specifically the memories of children (in this case, the memories of the protagonist Jack Burns). The story sprawls across Canada, a large part of Europe and the United States.
The first half of the narration follows a young Canadian actor named Jack Burns through his youth as he travels with his mother in search of his father through the subculture of tattoo artists. Like the title character in The World According to Garp and Irving himself, Jack finds a talent for wrestling and an extended family that aids and hinders him through his trials as a young man coming of age, including his sexual awakening and abuse as an adolescent.
The second half of the narrative sees Jack on the road to discovering the truth behind the misconceptions that his younger self once thought he understood.

## Reception

Reception of the novel is poor. Publishers Weekly described the "incessant, graphic sexual abuses [as] gratuitous" but generally describes the novel positively: "Irving handles the novel's less seedy elements superbly." Kirkus describes the novel as "Irving's worst novel". The Independent describes the book as too long, needing editing, and even recommends a book by William Keepers Maxwell Jr. rather than read the novel.

## Allusions

In the book, Jack earns the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1999. In reality, this award went to John Irving himself in 1999 for his adaptation of his own book, The Cider House Rules. Additionally, Jack loses the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor to Michael Caine, who also won for The Cider House Rules that year.
# Qazaq Khan Cherkes

Qazaq Khan Cherkes was a military commander in Safavid Iran of Circassian origin, who also served as the governor (beglarbeg) of Shirvan (1624–1633) and Astarabad (1639–1640). A high-ranking member of the gholam military corps, he was furthermore appointed head of the Qaramanlu and Keneslu Qizilbash troops by then incumbent king Abbas I (r. 1588–1629) as part of the latter's policy to diminish the political influence of the Qizilbash. In 1632, during king Safi's (r. 1629–42) bloody purges, his relative, the prominent Circassian courtier Yusuf Agha was murdered, while Qazaq Khan Cherkes was deposed and imprisoned in 1633. He nevertheless later returned on the political scene in the last years of Safi's reign, when he was given a new governorship in 1639. His son Najafqoli Khan Cherkes would hold several influential positions as well.

## Sources

* Floor, Willem M. (2008). Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers. pp. 153, 286. ISBN 978-1933823232.
* Manz, Beatrice; Haneda, Masashi (1990). "ČARKAS". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 7. pp. 816–819. Archived from the original on 2014-11-02.
* Matthee, Rudolph P. (1999). The Politics of Trade in Safavid Iran: Silk for Silver, 1600–1730. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0521641319.
| Preceded byYusuf Khan (Armenian) | Governor of Shirvan 1624–1633 | Succeeded byFarrokh Khan |
| Preceded byKhosrow Khan Cherkes | Governor of Astarabad 1639–1640 | Succeeded byHoseyn Khan b. Zaman Beg Mazandarani |
# Ted Bull

Arthur William "Ted" Bull (1898 – 10 April 1967) was an Australian rower. He was twice the Australian national sculling champion who represented at the 1924 Olympics.

## Rowing career

Bull joined the Leichhardt Rowing Club after WWI.
In 1922 he was the New South Wales state entrant who contested and won the President's Cup - the Australian single sculls title - at the Interstate Regatta. He won that same title in 1923.
As the prominent Australian sculler of the early 1920s he was selected to compete at 1924 Olympics. He won his heat and reached the final of the single sculls event, but did not finish the race. He was reportedly leading the race till the last 200m.
# Willard, Kentucky

Willard is an unincorporated community and coal town in Carter County, Kentucky, United States.
# Plappalli (caste)

Plappalli or Plappally is a Hindu Caste in Kerala. This is the illom name and sometimes surname of several clans of Nampoothiris or Pottis as well as some Ampalavasi castes in Kerala. This caste is peculiar to Travancore and classified under Ampalavasis. The males are invested with Sacred Thread between the year 8 and 16. Formerly the Ilayathus officiated as their priests, but now the service is performed by Nampoothiris or Pottis.
# Tetbert, Count of Meaux

Tetbert (or Theodebert) (died 888) was the Count of Meaux in 877–888. He was related to the Counts of Vermandois and was a brother of Askericus, Bishop of Paris. He died fighting the Vikings in 888.

## Sources

* MacLean, Simon. Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire. Cambridge University Press: 2003.
| Preceded byLouis the Stammerer | Counts of Meaux 877–888 | Succeeded byHerbert I |
* This biography of a French peer or noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# What Love Has Joined Together

"What Love Has Joined Together" is a song written and composed by Miracles members Smokey Robinson and Bobby Rogers, and was recorded by six Motown acts: Mary Wells, The Temptations, Smokey Robinson & The Miracles, Barbara McNair, Syreeta, and Queen Latifah (after her years at Motown) and was issued as B-sides to hits by Wells and The Temptations; "Your Old Standby" for Wells, released in 1963, and "It's Growing" by The Temptations, released in 1965.

## Song information

The song talks about a person professing their love to their loved one regardless of people's comments trying to separate them, with the person stressing the point that "what love has joined together can nobody take it apart". The song was originally recorded by the Miracles in 1962. Wells would record her version a year later while the Temptations covered it for their The Temptations Sing Smokey album in 1965. Barbara McNair recorded her version in 1968 for a proposed album "Barbara McNair Sings Smokey." It remained unreleased until 2004. Syreeta's version appeared on her debut album for Motown's MoWest label which was released in 1972. The Miracles also would record a special extended version of the song in 1970, as the title cut from their album of the same name. (See What Love Has...Joined Together ) . Queen Latifah's version appeared on her 2007 "Trav'lin Light" CD.

## Personnel
### Mary Wells version

* Lead vocals by Mary Wells
* Background vocals by the Love Tones
* Instrumentation by the Funk Brothers

### The Temptations version

* Lead vocals by Eddie Kendricks
* Background vocals by Paul Williams, David Ruffin, Melvin Franklin and Otis Williams
* Instrumentation by the Funk Brothers

### Barbara McNair version

* Lead vocals by Barbara McNair
* Background vocals by the Andantes
* Instrumentation by LA musicians

### The Miracles version

* Lead vocals by Smokey Robinson
* Background vocals by Claudette Rogers Robinson, Ronnie White, Pete Moore and Bobby Rogers
* Guitar by Marv Tarplin
* Other instrumentation by the Funk Brothers

### Syreeta version

* Vocals by Syreeta
* Instrumentation by Stevie Wonder

### Queen Latifah version

* Vocals by Queen Latifah
* No further information available
# The Tempest (Ars Magica)

The Tempest is a series of adventures published by Lion Rampant in 1990 for the fantasy role-playing game Ars Magica.

## Description

The Tempest is an adventure divided into series of four scenarios involving a druid who survived a magical battle of great power and now seeks revenge against the players' covenant. Although the separate scenarios may seem unrelated at first, gradually the overall storyline is revealed.

## Publication history

Ars Magica was first published by Lion Rampant in 1987. The Tempest was published three years later, a 64-page softcover book written by Stewart Wieck, with interior art by Eric Hotz and Charles Dougherty, and cover art by Jeff Menges.

## Reception

In the June 1991 edition of Dragon (Issue #170), Ken Rolston was impressed by this book's "fine problem-solving and moral challenges." He concluded with a strong recommendation, saying, "The story and theme are appealing, and the scenarios present many opportunities for rich role-playing and engaging GM performances."

## Reception

Matthew Gabbert reviewed the product in the February–March 1991 issue of White Wolf. He spoke positively about its content, artwork, stated that "it was well worth the wait" and is an "easy-to-run and easy-to-adapt package." He rated it overall 4 out of a possible 5 points.
# Atlético San Cristóbal

Club Atlético San Cristóbal was a Venezuelan professional football club and the club won one First Division title in the professional era. The club was based in San Cristóbal, Táchira. In 1986 it merged with Deportivo Táchira to form Unión Atlético Táchira.

## History

The club was founded in 1980 as Club Atlético San Cristóbal, and participated in the 1983 Copa Libertadores.

## Honours
### National

* Venezuelan Primera División
** Winners (1): 1982
* Venezuelan Segunda División
** Winners (1): 1981

## Performance in CONMEBOL competitions

* Copa Libertadores: 1 appearance
       1983 - Semifinals
* This article about sports in Venezuela is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article about a South American football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Twin Harbors State Park

Twin Harbors State Park is a public recreation area covering 225 acres (91 ha) on the Pacific Ocean two miles south of the town of Westport in Grays Harbor County, Washington. The site was once a U.S. Army training ground, which the state began acquiring for park use in 1937. The state park offers camping, fishing, clamming, beachcombing, and a half-mile interpretive trail in a shoreline pine forest.
# University of Reading War Memorial

The University of Reading War Memorial is a clock tower, designed by Herbert Maryon and situated on the London Road Campus of the University of Reading. Initially designed as a First World War memorial and dedicated in June 1924, it was later expanded in scope to also serve as a memorial of later wars.

## History and design

Memorials to servicemen who died in the First World War were erected soon after the end of the conflict. Plans to build a permanent memorial at the University of Reading unfolded in 1919, when William Macbride Childs, the principal of the college, printed a pamphlet suggesting several ideas. The final design was ultimately made by Herbert Maryon, a teacher of sculpture at the university; he would later gain broad recognition in a second career at the British Museum, where he conserved many of the finds from the Sutton Hoo ship-burial, termed "the most important single discovery in British archaeology." His initial proposal, made in 1919, was for a tower of 120 feet (37 m) that would have cost between £5,000 and £10,000. The funds could not be raised, and in 1923 Maryon proposed a structure of half that height. Construction began that November, and the memorial was dedicated the following June. The finished memorial, which cost £2,750, is a 60-foot-tall (18 m) brick tower with a clock, a bell, and a bronze roll of honour listing the names of more than 140 people who died in the war.
The scope of the memorial was expanded following the Second World War, and in May 1953 a panel with more than 70 names of the dead from that conflict was unveiled. It now also commemorates those who died in the war in Afghanistan; in 2012 a plaque was unveiled honouring Lieutenant Colonel Rupert Thorneloe, MBE, a 1991 graduate of the University whose 2009 death made him the highest-ranking officer of the British Army killed in action since the Falklands War.
On 12 February 1987, the memorial was designated a grade II listed building, a status given for its special architectural or historic interest.
On 9 November 2018, the University of Reading announced plans to add nine additional names of servicemen who died in the First World War to the memorial.
# No. 517 Squadron RAF

No. 517 Squadron RAF was a meteorological squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.

## History

No. 517 Squadron was formed on 11 August 1943 at RAF St Eval, Cornwall, when No. 1404 (Meteorological) Flight RAF was re-numbered. It was equipped with Lockheed Hudsons and Handley Page Hampdens, which it flew daily out into the Atlantic to collect meteorological data. Between September and November 1943 four United States Army Air Forces Flying Fortresses were temporarily attached to the squadron, awaiting the arrival of adapted Handley Page Halifaxes. By November 1943 the squadron had re-equipped with the Halifax and then moved to RAF St Davids in Wales. Two further moves followed, one to RAF Brawdy in February 1944 and then after the war to RAF Chivenor where the squadron was disbanded on 21 June 1946.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by No. 517 Squadron RAF :
| From | To | Aircraft | Version | Notes |
| August 1943 | September 1943 | Lockheed Hudson | Mk.III | |
| August 1943 | October 1943 | Handley Page Hampden | Mk.I | |
| September 1943 | November 1943 | Flying Fortress | B-17F | 4 USAAF aircraft on attachment from 379th Bomber Squadron USAAF |
| November 1943 | June 1946 | Handley Page Halifax | Mk.V | |
| February 1945 | June 1946 | Handley Page Halifax | Mk.III | |

## Squadron bases

Bases and airfields used by No. 517 Squadron RAF :
| From | To | Base | Remark |
| 11 August 1943 | 26 November 1943 | RAF St Eval, Cornwall | |
| 26 November 1943 | 1 February 1944 | RAF St Davids, Pembrokeshire, Wales | Det. at RAF Tiree, Hebrides, Scotland |
| 1 February 1944 | 26 November 1945 | RAF Brawdy, Pembrokeshire, Wales | |
| 26 November 1945 | 21 June 1946 | RAF Chivenor, Devon | |
# Ted Thomas (rower)

Evan David "Ted" Thomas (23 July 1894 – March 1943), listed as Edward Thomas in another source, was a South Australian rower. He was a three-time national champion who represented Australia at the 1924 Summer Olympics in the men's eight.

## Club and state rowing

Ted Thomas was a storekeeper and his senior rowing was from the Murray Bridge Rowing Club. The Murray Bridge Rowing Club men's eight was the dominant Australian club eight of the 1920s. They won the South Australian state championship from 1920 to 1923 and in 1921 by a margin of ten lengths. For the four years from 1920 to 1923 they were selected in-toto as the South Australian men's eight to contest the King's Cup at the Australian Interstate Regatta. Thomas rowed in those crews at five in 1920 and 21 and in the two seat in 1922 and 23 and rowed in each of those South Australian King's Cup victories of 1920, 1922 and 1923.

## International representative rowing

The South Australian media pushed for Thomas' victorious 1920 King's Cup eight to be sent to the 1920 Antwerp Olympics but with the Victorian and New South Wales Rowing Association in control of selections and funding, there wasn't sufficient support for their campaign. By 1924 with South Australia continuing to dominate Australian eights rowing, their claim could not be denied and after winning a test event raced on Port Adelaide in March 1924, Thomas and the South Australian crew were selected in-toto to represent Australia as an eight at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
Funding was raised from the Murray Bridge Rowing Club, the South Australian Rowing Association and the general public of South Australia. The crew were nicknamed "the Murray Cods". Unlike the 1912 Olympic eight, the Murray Cods were not invited to race in lead-up at the Henley Royal Regatta and in 2000 Thomas' son, Ted Thomas jnr, asserted in a commemorative speech that this was because the eight was crewed by working class men other than the stroke Bill Sladden It's undisputed that tour funds were scarce and on arrival in France, the crew had to row their shell 60 km to their training base; that on tour a number of the crew (including Thomas) busked as musicians to raise pocket money; and that on race day they first rowed their shell 26 miles from their boatshed to the Olympic course. Their equipment was also sub-par as they rowed with their oars turning in out-rigged poppets rather than in swivelling gates as had become the norm by 1924.
In the Olympic regatta, with Thomas in the two seat, the Australian eight finished second behind Italy in their heat, then finished third in the repechage and didn't advance to the final. Thomas did not row on after the Olympics.
# Whose Garden Was This

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Whose Garden Was This is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter John Denver, consisting mainly of cover songs. It was released in October 1970. This album was subsequently re-released as bonus tracks on re-releases of the albums John Denver and Spirit. British singer Dame Vera Lynn recorded the title song in 1972 for her album Unforgettable Songs by Vera Lynn. Actually, Vera Lynn was keen to sing the song on her BBC television show (1972) but felt the song was a little too short and asked Tom Paxton for a further verse to be added - and he duly obliged - with the 'forest/squirrels' one. Subsequently he often sang this later version in concert.

## Track listing

Notes
* signifies adapted by
# Tressandans

Tressandans (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

## Geography

Tressandans lies 2.5 km (1.6 mi) northwest of Rougemont on the banks of the Ognon. It lies on the border of the department of Haute-Saône.
# Terror (TV series)

Terror is a Viceland documentary series featuring Suroosh Alvi.
The series won the Canadian Screen Award for Best News or Information Series at the 6th Canadian Screen Awards.
# What Love Is All About

What Love Is All About is the eighth studio album by Canadian country music artist Johnny Reid. It was released on November 13, 2015 via Universal Music Canada. The album includes the singles "A Picture of You" and "Honey Honey".

## Charts
### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions |
| Year | Single | CAN Country |
| 2015 | "A Picture of You" | 24 |
| 2015 | "Honey Honey" | 40 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Alan Whittle

Alan Whittle (born 10 March 1950) is an English retired footballer who played as a forward or attacking midfielder. He made a total of 241 Football League appearances for Everton, Crystal Palace, Orient and AFC Bournemouth, scoring 46 goals. He also spent a season with Iranian side Persepolis where he made 34 appearances and scored 16 goals.

## Club career

Whittle was a product of the Everton youth academy and debuted for the first-team in 1967 at the age of 17. In five years at Everton Whittle made 74 appearances scoring 21 goals, but found it difficult to establish himself in the first-team. Whittle's nickname was The Hustler at Everton, though he campaigned in The Toffees football in the community scheme. The highlight of his time at Everton was being part of the side that won the First Division in the 1969–70 season; making 15 appearances and scoring 11 goals in the process.
In December 1972, Whittle was sold to Crystal Palace for a then large fee of £100,000. Whittle spent four years of his career at Palace; however, his stay was dogged by injury and bad form, leading him to fall out of favour with then coach Malcolm Allison, Whittle did make a century of appearances for Palace and was a fan favourite. Palace fans would chant "We want Whittle" and "The Roker roar is no more, Whittle showed them how to score".
Whittle spent two one-season spells at Orient scoring six goals in 50 appearances for the club and coming second in the Anglo-Scottish Cup. Whittle surprised many by spending one season at Iranian club Persepolis F.C. in the 1977–78 season where he competed in the Takht Jamshid Cup, however because of the Iranian Revolution and collapse of the national league Whittle had no choice but to leave Iran. Whittle was the first English footballer ever to play in the Iranian football league system.
Ultimately, Whittle ended his career at AFC Bournemouth at the age of 30 making just nine appearances for the club. Towards the end of Whittle's career he made a move to Australia, where he played for a year before going to non-league side Gravesend & Northfleet in 1982 ending a career for Whittle who as a youngster had much promise but injury and poor form were to block the extent of his success.

## International career

In 1972, at the age of 22, he was called up by Sir Alf Ramsey, manager of the England national football team; however, he did not feature for the side.

## Honours

Everton
* Football League: 1969–70
* FA Charity Shield: 1970

## Personal life

Whittle is the uncle of current Sheffield United player Tom Davies. Now retired, Whittle lives on The Wirral.
# Isla Ñ Rum

Isla Ñ Rum is a line of premium rums that were made in Tucumán, Argentina.
Isla Ñ Rum was founded in 2004 by Pablo Ibarreche. As of 2011, it was the only boutique rum distillery in Argentina and produced 360,000 litres of spirits a year, of which 95% was exported. The company's larger presence in foreign markets was partly explained by its participation in international fairs, which was facilitated by government programs giving financial assistance. In 2013, it shut down in response to a weak domestic market and depressed currency making exporting unviable.