OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mineral industry of Somalia

The Mineral industry of Somalia produces small quantities of gemstones and salt. The country also has deposits of feldspar, gypsum, iron ore, copper, gold, kaolin, limestone, natural gas, quartz, silica sand, tantalum, tin, and uranium. The mineral industry makes a small contribution to Somalia’s exports and economy in general.
The collapse of the central Government and the Somali Republic in 1991 led to ambiguity over mineral rights. The governing authority of Somaliland, formerly part of the Republic, granted East African Mining Corp. Ltd. exclusive rights to explore all mineral deposits in Somaliland. The company planned to start producing gemstones and marble in the Berbera area in mid-2006.
In June 2006, Range Resources Ltd. of Australia announced that its agreement with the governing authority of Puntland (which is located in northern Somalia) that gave the company a majority interest in the rights to all mineral and mineral fuel exploration in Puntland was supported by the TFG. The agreement was previously declared to be invalid on the grounds that only the national Government had the authority to negotiate mineral rights. Range planned to farm out or form joint-venture agreements for some properties.
As of 2006, mineral production and trade data continued to be unavailable because of the lack of a functioning central Government since 1991 and the conflict that pervaded most of the country. The war forced the closure of Somalia’s cement plant and oil refinery. The Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004, disrupted salt production in Hurdiye in late 2004 and early 2005; it is unclear to what extent output has recovered.
Gemstone and salt producers appear to be artisanal and small-scale in nature. The cement plant and refinery were operated by parastatal companies prior to their closure.
# The Other Side (David Gray song)

"The Other Side" is a song by David Gray. It was released on 9 December 2002 as the first single from his sixth studio album A New Day at Midnight. The song deals with the theme of death (as Gray's father died in 2001.), in the context of a heartbreaking failed relationship and the author's reflections on his own and his ex-partner's emotional and spiritual failings. The B-side "Lorelei" also appeared on the Japanese pressing of the album as a bonus track. A rare official remix by Novation was released as a promo-only vinyl, but has never been released on any other format. The single peaked on the UK Singles Chart at #35.

## Track listings
### UK CD single

* "The Other Side" – 4:31
* "Decipher" – 2:32
* "Lorelei" – 3:23

### US 7" promo-only vinyl

* "The Other Side"
* "Babylon" (Live at Joe's Pub)

### UK 12" promo-only vinyl

* "The Other Side" (Novation Remix)
# Bejís

Bejís (Aragonese: Beixix) is a municipality in the comarca of Alto Palancia, province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain.

## Notable people

* Antonio Ponz (1725–1792), painter
# Willem Schrofer

Willem Schrofer (6 March 1898 – 22 September 1968) was a Dutch art teacher and painter. His vision influenced the Nieuwe Haagse School movement.

## Life

His father was a cabinet maker, appointed by Princess von Wied as Superintendent of the Pavilion von Wied in Scheveningen, where his parents lived.
Young Schrofer was obsessed with drawing. In 1913 he attended the National Training College in Nijmegen. Later he studied drawing at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague. William Henry Bik was his teacher. After his military service, he became a teacher in the municipality of The Hague, where he soon specialised in drawing lessons. From 1937 to 1963 he was professor in the painting department at the Royal Academy of Art in The Hague. His friend, Paul Citroen, also taught there. For a few years (1943-1949) he was Professor at the Institute Applied Art, which later became the Rietveld Academie.
Schrofer was one of the founders of the Verve group - he coined the name. He was loved by his students; he received them at home and he taught them to be free to live and work. Among his pupils were: Hermanus Berserik, Toon Wegner and Co Westerik. His third wife, Hannie Bal, was also a painter. In his time he was a famous Hagenaar.

## Different styles

Schrofer painted in different styles and was a nonconformist. In the 1930s and 1940s he produced abstract paintings. Around 1948, precisely at the time of Cobra, he moved onto figurative painting. With Paul Citroen, Rein Draijer, Willem Jacob Rozendaal and Han van Dam, he had great influence on the students who are now under the Nieuwe Haagse School banner.

## Workshop in Voorschoten

In 1963 Schrofer set up a studio in Voorschoten in an old bakery on the Molenlaan. Here he worked only on figurative paintings, including a painting of three friends with the price tag, "ntk" (not for sale).
# West Coast of Vancouver Island Aquatic Management Board

The West Coast Vancouver Island Aquatic Management Board is one of Canada's only co-management bodies for aquatic ecosystems. During the 1980s and 1990s, the federal government and coastal communities came to agree that a gap had to be closed; aquatic management decisions should start to include regional voices and representation, mainly coastal communities, fishermen, and First Nations.

## Roles and responsibilities

The board is a forum for the coastal communities and other persons and bodies affected by aquatic resource management off the West Coast. Through this forum they can participate more fully with governments in all aspects of management and provide recommendations to DFO. The board includes representatives from four levels of government, including the Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations. The board has been mandated to:
    - be the primary forum on aquatic resource policy specific to the management area.
    - deal with local aquatic resource policy issues with implications outside of the management area
    - be a key source of advice to decision-makers on coast-wide aquatic resource policy relating to the management area.
    - undertake integrated aquatic resource
    - management responsibilities in the management area in cooperation with the relevant government agencies.
The board makes decisions and recommendations both on the conservation of aquatic resources and input on associated economic development opportunities.

## Structure

The board consists of:
    - two members appointed by the Government of Canada
    - two members appointed by the Province of British Columbia
    - two members appointed by Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council
    - two members appointed by the regional districts
    - eight non-government members jointly appointed by the governments pursuant to nominations solicited from coastal communities and other persons and bodies affected by aquatic resource management in the management area (i.e. commercial harvesters, First Nation harvesters, recreational sector, aquaculture, conservation)
The geographic scope of the board corresponds with Nuu-chah-nulth Ha-houlthee, which extends seaward from Cape Cook on Brooks Peninsula to Solander Islands, to the international boundary along the entrance to Juan de Fuca Straits, then true north to Sheringham Point. Inland boundaries generally follow the height of land along watersheds dividing Vancouver Island.
Decisions are made by consensus.

## Administration

The executive director is Denise Dalmer. Co-chairs include Tom Pater and Tom Happynook

## Sources

* Sharmalene Mendis-Millard, "Central Region Governance", in Daniel Arbour, Brenda Kuecks & Danielle Edwards (editors). Ecotrust Canada.
* Nuu-chah-nulth Central Region First Nations Governance Structures 2007/2008, Vancouver, September 2008.
* This British Columbia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This First Nations in Canada-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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* e
# Westervoort railway station

Westervoort is a railway station in the eastern Netherlands, in the town of Westervoort. The station is situated on the Oberhausen–Arnhem railway. Train services are operated by Arriva and Breng. The original station was opened in 1856 and closed in 1936. The new station opened on 11 December 2011. There used to be another station in Westervoort called Fort Westervoort (from 1890 to 1918). The station ran directly through the middle area of the fort ("castle"). Not much of the castle remains. There was also a station on the other side of the bridge called Oostzijde Brug.

## Train services

| Route | Service type | Operator | Notes |
| Arnhem - Doetinchem - Winterswijk | Local ("Sprinter") | Arriva | 2x per hour (only 1x per hour after 20:00, on Saturday mornings and Sundays) |
| Arnhem - Doetinchem | Local ("Sprinter") | Breng | 2x per hour - Mon-Fri only. Not on evenings. |
| Arnhem - Emmerich - Wesel - Oberhausen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf (Germany) | Regional Express (RE 19) | Abellio Deutschland | 1x per hour - one morning train and one evening train don't halt at Friedrichsfeld and Oberhausen-Holten |

## Bus services

| Line | Route | Operator | Notes |
| 60 | Arnhem CS - Westervoort - Duiven - Zevenaar - Babberich - Herwen - Lobith - Tolkamer | Breng, TCR (only a couple of runs) | On evenings, this bus does not operate between Zevenaar and Tolkamer. On Sundays, this bus only operates between Arnhem and Duiven. |
| 61 | Westervoort - Duiven Nieuwgraaf - Duiven Centerpoort Noord | Breng, TCR (only a couple of runs) | Mon-Fri during daytime hours only. During the morning (until 9:30), this bus skips most stops between Duiven and Westervoort (but does serve them in the other direction). During the afternoon rush hour, the same applies, but vice versa. |
| 62 | Arnhem CS - Westervoort - Duiven Station - Duiven Centerpoort Noord | Breng, TCR (only a couple of runs) | On evenings and weekends, this bus does not operate between Duiven Station and Centerpoort Noord. |
| 66 | Westervoort → Duiven Nieuwgraaf → Westervoort | Breng, TCR (only a couple of runs) | Rush hours only. |
| 862 | Arnhem Willemsplein → Westervoort → Duiven Station → Duiven Noord | Breng | Only two runs on Saturday late nights. A special tariff applies. |
# Shan Liu (Tai Po District)

Shan Liu (Chinese: 山寮) is a village in the Plover Cove area of Tai Po District, Hong Kong.

## Administration

Shan Liu is one of the villages represented within the Tai Po Rural Committee. For electoral purposes, Shan Liu is part of the Shuen Wan constituency, which was formerly represented by So Tat-leung until October 2021.
Shan Liu (including Lai Pek Shan and Lai Pek Shan San Tsuen) is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.

## History

Historically, Ting Kok, together with the nearby Hakka villages of Shan Liu, Lai Pik Shan, Lo Tsz Tin, Lung Mei and Tai Mei Tuk belonged to the Ting Kok Yeuk (汀角約) alliance.
Shan Liu was flooded as a consequence of heavy rains in July 2017. About 30 trapped residents were evacuated by Fire Services teams.
# Greg News com Gregório Duvivier

Greg News com Gregório Duvivier is a satirical late-night talk show aired on HBO Brasil. Inspired by the American Last Week Tonight with John Oliver and produced by the Porta dos Fundos collective, which includes presenter Gregório Duvivier, it premiered in May 2017.
The first season had 20 half-hour episodes, ending in September. Shortly before the end, it was confirmed that the show would be renewed for two more seasons. A twenty-first episode was released on YouTube in December. The second season premiered in March 2018. Despite having HBO's usual artistic freedom, the program is strictly monitored by the broadcaster's legal department in order to avoid lawsuits.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the fourth season had to have episodes recorded at Duvivier's house, and frequently discussed the effects of the pandemic in Brazil. The fifth season moved to a small studio with a skeleton crew. The sixth season took a break during the general elections in Brazil in 2022 because of legal restrictions during the period.
In 2024, after seven seasons, HBO Brasil cancelled the show.
# Austrotaxus

Austrotaxus spicata, the New Caledonia yew or southern yew, is a species of yew, the sole species in the genus Austrotaxus. It is related to the other yews in the genera Taxus and Pseudotaxus.
It is endemic to New Caledonia, occurring in the central and northern parts of the island at 300-1,350 m altitude.
It is a dioecious coniferous shrub or small tree, reaching 5–20 m (rarely 25 m) tall with reddish bark. The leaves are lanceolate, flat, 8–12 cm long (up to 17 cm on young plants) and 4 mm broad, dark green above, with two paler green stomatal bands below; they are arranged spirally on the stem.
The seed cones are drupe-like, 20–25 mm long, with a fleshy aril almost completely surrounding the single seed, but with the tip of the seed exposed. The male (pollen) cones are 10–15 mm long, slender.
The markedly longer leaves and large seeds readily distinguish it from the yews in the genus Taxus.

## References and external links

* ↑ Thomas, P. (2010). "Austrotaxus spicata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T31006A9599123. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T31006A9599123.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
* ↑ de Laubenfels, D.J. (1972) Gymnospermes. In Flore de La Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances, edited by A. Aubréville and J. F. Leroy, 4:1–168. Paris: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle.
* ↑ Cheng, Y., R. G. Nicolson, K. Tripp, and S. M. Chaw. (2000) Phylogeny of Taxaceae and Cephalotaxaceae Genera Inferred from Chloroplast matK Gene and Nuclear rDNA ITS Region.” Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 14 (3): 353–65.
* ↑ Gymnosperm Database: Austrotaxus
* Price, R. A. (2003). Generic and familial relationships of the Taxaceae from rbcL and matK sequence comparisons. Acta Hort. 615: 235-237.
vteClassification of Acrogymnospermae (living Gymnosperms) :
Supergroup Plant:
Bryophyta
Marchantiophyta
Polypodiophyta
Acrogymnospermae
Angiospermae :
# Particulate matter sampler

A particulate matter sampler is an instrument for measuring the properties (such as mass concentration or chemical composition) of particulates in the ambient air.

## Types

Two different types of particulate matter samplers exist that measure particulate mass concentration: manual samplers and automated samplers.

### Manual

Manual samplers draw a known volume of air through a filter. The filter is weighed on an analytical balance before and after sampling, and the difference in weight divided by the volume of air pulled through the filter gives the mass concentration of the particulate.

### Automated

Automated samplers do the weighing in the field. There are two types of automated samplers in common usage: samplers that use a beta gauge for mass measurement and samplers that use a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) for mass measurement.

#### Beta gauge

Beta gauge particulate samplers have an appearance that is similar to a reel to reel tape recorder. Air is pulled through a filter tape to accumulate a sample, the mass of the tape before and after sampling is determined by advancing the tape spot into the beta attenuation cell.

#### Tapered element oscillating microbalance

The tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) particulate sampler operates by drawing air through a filter attached at the tip of a glass tube. An electrical circuit places the tube into oscillation, and the resonant frequency of the tube is proportional to the square root of the mass on the filter.

#### Noise based particle counters

Recently, microphone based instruments have been devised that monitor noise levels in specific frequency bands to predict local PNC levels. Prototypes of such instruments have been tested in Europe and in Bangalore.

## Inertial separators

Particles of different sizes have different health effects. Inertial separators are used to eliminate particles outside of the desired size range. If a gas stream containing particles of different sizes is forced to turn a sharp corner, the inertia of the large particles causes them to separate from the gas stream lines. The larger particles can be collected and removed from the gas stream after collisions with the walls of the vessel.
The two common types of inertial separators are cyclones, which spin the gas stream, causing collisions of the heavier particles with the outside of the cyclone wall, and impactors, where the gas particle stream is directed at a greased metal plate and turned at the last moment, causing the larger particles to stick to the greased plate.
Modern particulate samplers use a volumetric flow control system that pulls air through the particle separator at the velocity required to achieve the desired cutpoint.
For air pollution applications, the definition of "particulate" does not include uncombined water, and water from a particulate sample must be removed before it is weighed. This can be done either by heating the sample to evaporate the water or by placing the sample in a low humidity environment before weighing.
# Takakkaw Falls

Takakkaw Falls (/ˈtækəkɔː/; also spelled Takkakaw) is a waterfall in Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, in Canada. The falls have a total height of 373 metres (1,224 ft), making them the second tallest waterfall in Canada. The main drop of the waterfall has a height of 254 metres (833 ft).
"Takakkaw" translates to "magnificent” in Cree. The falls are fed by the meltwater of the Daly Glacier, which is part of the Waputik Icefield. The glacier keeps the volume of the falls up during the warm summer months, and they are a tourist attraction, particularly in late spring after the heavy snow melts, when the falls are at peak condition.

## Height

Various sources place the total vertical height of Takakkaw Falls between 302 m (991 ft) and 373 m (1,224 ft). The waterfall was formerly thought to be the tallest in Canada, but a survey in 1985 found that it is actually shorter than Della Falls on Vancouver Island. The results of that survey also concluded that the main drop of the falls is 254 metres (833 ft) high.

## In popular culture

The Takakkaw Falls were featured in the 1995 film Last of the Dogmen.

## Gallery

* Takakkaw Falls pictured in 1952
* Takakkaw Falls from Iceline Trail
* The falls pictured in June 2016
* Crepuscular rays through mist from Takakkaw Falls
* Daly Glacier and Takakkaw Falls from the Iceline Trail, July 16, 2005
* A rainbow over Takakkaw Falls.
# Saheb al-Amiri

Saheb al-Amiri (died 27 December 2006) was an Iraqi militant and insurgent, a high-ranking member of the Shia Islamist Mahdi Army and senior aide to Muqtada al-Sadr. He was killed in a U.S. raid in late 2006. Al-Amiri's death prompted al-Sadr to prolong his then boycott of the government by Sadrist members of parliament and ministers, which Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki hoped he would end soon thereafter.
The US Army confirmed that Iraqi forces, co-operating with American advisors, took part in the action against al-Amiri, who "was involved in a bomb attack targeting a police chief in October."
# Leo Margolis

Leo Margolis, OC FRSC (December 18, 1927 – January 13, 1997) was a Canadian parasitologist. He was a pioneer in the use of parasites for identification of Pacific Ocean fish stocks. His discoveries became a crucial point in negotiations over pacific salmon fisheries, as it could now be determined where each individual fish spawned, in the rivers of Canada or the United States.
Born in Montreal, Quebec, he received a B.Sc. in 1948, a M.Sc. in 1950, and a Ph.D in 1952 from McGill University. He joined the Pacific Biological Station in Nanaimo, British Columbia, where was a government scientist, advisor, and diplomatic representative. He became Head of the Fish Health and Parasitology Section of the Station in 1967 and was appointed Senior Scientist in 1990. He suffered a heart attack in 1997 while walking home from work and died several days later, at the age of 69, after being airlifted to a Vancouver hospital.

## Research

Margolis published a number of papers on fish parasites, but he is famous in the whole community of parasitologists for a paper on "the use of ecological terms in parasitology" published in 1982. In 1981, the American Society of Parasitologists appointed an ad hoc committee "to establish working definitions of a few terms used and misused by parasitological ecologists", and Margolis was the chairman of this committee. The paper contains the definition of widely used terms such as prevalence and has subsequently been cited thousands of times.

## Honours

* Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, 1975
* Officer of the Order of Canada, 1990
* Honorary Member Atlantic Canada Society of Parasitologists, 1992
* Honorary Member British Society of Parasitology, 1994
* Gold Medal Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada, 1995
* Distinguished Service Award American Society of Parasitologists, 1995
* Honorary D.Sc., St. Mary's University, 1995

## Eponymous taxa

A number of taxa have been named in the honour of Leo Margolis. These include genera such as Margolisia Bray, 1987 (Digenea, Opecoelidae), Margolisianum Blaylock & Overstreet, 1999 (Nematoda, Philometridae) and Margolisius Benz, Kabata & Bullard, 2000 (Copepoda, Lernaeopodidae), and species, such as Allopodocotyle margolisi Gibson, 1995 (Digenea, Opecoelidae), Steringophorus margolisi Bray, 1995 (Digenea, Fellodistomatidae), Acanthochondria margolisi Kabata, 1984 (Copepoda, Chondracanthidae), and Philometra margolisi Moravec, Vidal-Martínez & Aguirre-Macedo, 1995 (Nematoda, Philometridae). All these are parasites.
# La Corbatière railway station

La Corbatière railway station (French: Gare de La Corbatière) is a railway station in the municipality of La Sagne, in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel. It is an intermediate stop and a request stop on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) La Chaux-de-Fonds–Les Ponts-de-Martel line of Transports publics Neuchâtelois.

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at La Corbatière:
* Regio: hourly service between Les Ponts-de-Martel and La Chaux-de-Fonds.
# Na Klang, Nakhon Ratchasima

Na Klang (Thai: นากลาง, pronounced) is a tambon (subdistrict) of Sung Noen District, in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. In 2017 it had a total population of 6,880 people.

## Administration
### Central administration

The tambon is subdivided into 9 administrative villages (muban).
| No. | Name | Thai |
| 01. | Ban Na Klang | บ้านนากลาง |
| 02. | Ban Na Yai | บ้านนาใหญ่ |
| 03. | Ban Huai Takhro | บ้านห้วยตะคร้อ |
| 04. | Ban Nong Bon | บ้านหนองบอน |
| 05. | Ban Na Klang | บ้านนากลาง |
| 06. | Ban Na Yai Phatthana | บ้านนาใหญ่พัฒนา |
| 07. | Ban Bu Ta Tong | บ้านบุตาต้อง |
| 08. | Ban Na Klang | บ้านนากลาง |
| 09. | Ban Na Klang Phatthana | บ้านนากลางพัฒนา |

### Local administration

The area of the subdistrict is shared by 2 local governments.
* the subdistrict municipality (Thesaban Tambon) Kut Chik (เทศบาลตำบลกุดจิก)
* the subdistrict administrative organization (SAO) Na Klang (องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลนากลาง)