OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valapattanam River

The Valapattanam River is a 110 km long river which flows through the Kannur district in North Kerala. It is the longest river in the Kannur district.

## Course

The Valapattanam River originates from the Brahmagiri hills of Western Ghats in Karnataka. Initially the river flows towards the eastern direction through some villages in the hilly Malenadu region of Karnataka, like Matyani, Birunani, Poradu, Badagarakeri and Kikkod. Later it takes a sharp bend toward the west and flows through a narrow deep valley descending towards the hilly regions of Kannur district. It then flows through the hilly region of Kannur, passing through Manikkadavu, Vattiyamthode, Vayathur, Nuchiyad, Chamathachal, Uchatthu kayam (where the Payyavoor river joins), Madambam The river then enters the Malabar plains where it flows through the towns of Sreekandapuram, Chengalayi, Mungam, Koyyam (where the Bavali river joins), Kandakkai, Mullakkodi Nanichery, Parassinikadavu, Kolachery, Kambil, Narath, Velapuram, Pappinissery, Azhikode and empties into the Arabian Sea at Azhikkal where the Kuppam river joins the Valapattanam.

## Tributaries

* Payyavoor river
* Aralam river
* Veni river
* Bavali river
* Pulloopi river
* Mundayapuzha river
# VPB-15

VPB-15 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 15 (VP-15) on 15 March 1943, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 15 (VPB-15) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 23 November 1945.

## Operational history

* 15 March 1943: VP-15 was established at NAS San Diego, California, under the operational control of FAW-14. The squadron was equipped with the PB2Y-3 Coronado heavy seaplane.
* 15 May 1943: Upon completion of the squadron shakedown of personnel and equipment, VP-15 was transferred to NAS Bermuda under the operational control of FAW-5. Principal duties were to provide ASW, patrol searches and convoy coverage along the eastern seaboard. On 1 August 1943, administrative control shifted from FAW-5 to FAW-9.
* 21 April 1944: VP-15 was transferred to NAS Coco Solo, Panama Canal Zone, under the operational control of FAW-3. One detachment was deployed to Corinto, Nicaragua, and a second to the Galapagos Islands.
* 15 October 1944: VP-15 was transferred NAS San Diego, under the operational control of FAW-14. The squadron was reformed, training for all hands commenced, and refitting of all equipment was begun in preparation for transfer to the South Pacific.
* 1 December 1944: The squadron’s well-worn PB2Y-3 aircraft were replaced with 15 new PB2Y-5s fresh from the factory.
* 2 March 1945: VPB-15 began the transpac to NAS Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. All 15 aircraft arrived safely. After a brief period for settling in, the squadron began a period of intense training in preparation for combat.
* 12 April 1945: The squadron departed NAS Kaneohe Bay for Tanapag Harbor, Saipan, arriving on 15 April, where it commenced daily patrols and antishipping patrols immediately upon arrival. During this period the squadron came under the operational control of FAW-1.
* 4 May 1945: The Search and Reconnaissance Command was established at NAB Saipan under the operational control of FAW-18. VPB-15 was brought into this command shortly thereafter.
* 16 May 1945: A detachment of three aircraft was sent to Kerama Retto. The remainder of the squadron at Saipan continued long-range patrols, and on 1 July 1945, extended them to Marcus Island. By the end of September 1945 the squadron was based ashore at NAB Saipan, awaiting orders to stand down.
* 23 November 1945: VPB-15 was disestablished at Saipan.

## Aircraft assignments

The squadron was assigned the following aircraft, effective on the dates shown:
* PB2Y-3 - March 1943
* PB2Y-5 - December 1944

## Home port assignments

The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
* NAS San Diego, California - 15 March 1943
* NAS Bermuda - 15 May 1943
* NAS Coco Solo, Panama Canal Zone - 21 April 1944
* NAS San Diego - 15 October 1944
* NAS Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii - 2 March 1945
* NAB Saipan - 12 April 1945
# Vaidy S.

Vaidy Somasundaram, also known as Vaidy S., is an Indian cinematographer, who primarily works in the Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam film industries.

## Early life and career

After graduating with a gold medal in film technology and cinematography from the M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute, Chennai, he debuted as a cinematographer in the Malayalam movie Kanne Madanguka. Then he worked with director A. K. Lohithadas in the movie Kasthuri Maan. Later he joined with the film director Boopathy Pandian in the movie Thiruvilaiyaadal Aarambam, a box office success. He also worked with Boopathy Pandian in the movies Malaikottai and Pattathu Yaanai.
He is known for his work in movies such as Googly and Rana Vikrama with Pavan Wadeeyar. For Googly, he won a SIIMA Award for Best Kannada Cinematographer.
Vaidy teamed up with Santhosh Ananddram’s directorial debut Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari, which he won SIIMA Award for Best Kannada Cinematographer for the second consecutive year.
His notable works with the director P. C. Shekar are Romeo and Raaga.

## Filmography

| Year | Movie | Language |
| 2004 | Kanne Madanguka | Malayalam |
| 2005 | Kadhale En Kadhale | Tamil |
| 2005 | Kasthuri Maan | Tamil |
| 2006 | Thiruvilayadal Aarambam | Tamil |
| 2007 | Marudhamalai | Tamil |
| 2007 | Malaikottai | Tamil |
| 2008 | Muniyandi Vilangial Moonramandu | Tamil |
| 2009 | Kuthirai | Tamil |
| 2010 | Kacheri Arambam | Tamil |
| 2011 | Vaadamalli | Malayalam |
| 2012 | Njanum Ente Familiyum | Malayalam |
| 2012 | Romeo | Kannada |
| 2012 | Manthrikan | Malayalam |
| 2013 | Googly | Kannada |
| 2013 | Pattathu Yaanai | Tamil |
| 2014 | Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari | Kannada |
| 2015 | Rana Vikrama | Kannada |
| 2015 | Chirakodinja Kinavukal | Malayalam |
| 2015 | Masterpiece | Kannada |
| 2017 | Raaga | Kannada |
| 2019 | Natasaarvabhowma | Kannada |
| 2020 | One | Malayalam |
| 2022 | Raymo | Kannada |

## Awards
### 3rd South Indian International Movie Awards

* Best Cinematographer Kannada for Googly

### 4th South Indian International Movie Awards

* Best Cinematographer Kannada for Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari

## Sources

* "Review of Mr and Mrs Ramachari". The Times of India. 25 December 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
# Valid claim

In law, a valid claim or colorable claim is a claim that is strong enough to have a reasonable chance of being determined both valid based upon its being sufficiently supported by law and provable fact to be plausibly proved in court.

## United States (Federal) law

Valid claim is used in a number of different contexts in Federal law.
Within the area of United States patent law, a valid claim is a claim of an issued and unexpired, legally enforceable patent.
Under US bankruptcy law, a creditor must have a valid claim in order to attend the creditors' meeting and to collect all or part of a debt.
A valid claim is used to describe beneficial interest in antiquities under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) of 1990.

## Liens

A lien must be based on a valid claim. Under Texas law, a mechanic's lien must have a valid basis. Under New York law, a lis pendens, or notice of pendency of a claim against real property, must be valid, such as a pending divorce lawsuit. Under the laws of most US states, a claim against an estate must be proven or validated.
# Valencia, Pennsylvania

Valencia is a borough in Butler County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 551 at the 2010 census.

## History

The original name of the town was Brookside, and subsequently Sunnyside in the 1890s, but was changed for the railroad, by the time of its incorporation as a borough, due to an existing stop with the same name in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It is unknown how the name Valencia was chosen. The borough's application for incorporation was granted in September 1896, and the office of burgess (later mayor) was established, to which James Douthett Magee was appointed, together with a seven-member council consisting of Edward Cowan, J. D. Perry, C. F. Harrobin, J. A. Cox, J. C. Barr, P. E. Cooper, and W. J. Craig.

## Geography

Valencia is located along the southern border of Butler County at 40°40′30″N 79°59′19″W﻿ / ﻿40.67500°N 79.98861°W﻿ / 40.67500; -79.98861 (40.674906, -79.988493), in the valley of Breakneck Creek near its source. It is bordered to the north, east, and west by Adams Township and to the south by Richland and Pine townships in Allegheny County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Valencia has a total area of 0.34 square miles (0.87 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the 2000 census, there were 384 people, 100 households, and 75 families residing in the borough. The population density was 996.2 inhabitants per square mile (384.6/km$^2$). There were 106 housing units at an average density of 275.0 per square mile (106.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the borough was 98.18% White, 0.52% African American, 0.78% Pacific Islander, and 0.52% from two or more races.
There were 100 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 18.61 and the average family size was 24.09. In the borough the population was spread out, with 20.1% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 19.8% from 25 to 44, 15.4% from 45 to 64, and 41.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females there were 70.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 60.7 males. The median income for a household in the borough was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $38,333. Males had a median income of $25,750 versus $26,875 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $16,501. About 7.7% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Valencia is within the Mars Area School District. The district consists of Mars Area Primary Center, Mars Area Elementary School, Mars Area Centennial School, Mars Area Middle School, and Mars Area High School.
# Valday

Valday or Valdai may refer to one of the following:
* Valdai Hills, an upland region in Russia
* Valdai Discussion Club
* Valday (inhabited locality), name of several inhabited localities in Russia
* Lake Valdayskoye (or Lake Valdai), a lake in Novgorod Oblast, Russia
* Valday (ship), a class of Russian freight ships
* Dolgiye Borody (residence): a residence of the President of Russia, also commonly known as "Valdai"
# Valerian Kuybyshev (equestrian)

Valerian Kuybyshev (born 3 December 1925 – 2006) was a Soviet equestrian. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Varchentin

Varchentin is a village and a former municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since May 2019, it is part of the municipality Groß Plasten.
# Valeria Bianchi

Valeria Bianchi (born 16 September 1985) is an Argentine handball player. She defends Argentina, such as at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil.
# Vanistendael

Vanistendael is a Belgian surname. It may refer to:
* August Vanistendael (1917-2003), Belgian trade union leader and Catholic social activist
* Frans Vanistendael (1942-2021), Belgian expert on tax law and former professor
* Judith Vanistendael (born 1974), Belgian comics author, illustrator
# Varnas

Varnas may refer to:
* Varnas (Hinduism), the four major social classes in Hindu thought
* Varnas (surname), a Lithuanian surname
# Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award

Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award is an award conferred annually by the Government of Karnataka for excellence in painting.
* This article about the culture of India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article about an arts award is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Valerie Saiving

Valerie Saiving (1921–1992) was a feminist theologian. She is the author of the influential essay The Human Situation: A Feminine View.

## Biographical details

Valerie Saiving Goldstein was born in 1921, and received her BA from Bates College, Maine, United States in 1943, studying both theology and psychology. Her University of Chicago Divinity School PhD thesis, The Concepts of Individuality in Whitehead’s Metaphysics, was published in 1966. She was co-founder of the Department of Religious Studies and of the Women's Studies programme at Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York State, where she taught from 1959 to 1987. She died in 1992.
In 1960, she published an 18-page article in The Journal of Religion, entitled The Human Situation: A Feminine View. She critiqued contemporary theology largely by means of psychological observations, noting that, whereas little girls learn that they will grow up — just by waiting — to be women, boys on the other hand learn that to be men they must "do something about it. Mere waiting is not enough; to be a man, a boy must prove himself and go on proving himself."
The article had substantial influence on subsequent feminist theologians. Mary Daly, for example, cited her in her work The Church and the Second Sex, while Judith Plaskow both published a dissertation on Saiving's essay (entitled Sex, Sin and Grace: Women's Experience and the Theologies of Reinhold Niebuhr and Paul Tillich) and reproduced the 1960 article in her 1979 anthology Womanspirit Rising: A Feminist Reader in Religion.

## The Human Situation: A Feminine View

The crux of Saiving's argument in the article is that the focus on pride characteristic of traditional Christian interpretations of sin reflects male experience in a way that is inappropriate to the experience of most, if not all, women, who are much more likely to be prone to "triviality, distractibility, and diffuseness; lack of an organizing center or focus; dependence on others for one's self-definition; tolerance at the expense of standards of excellence ... in short, underdevelopment or negation of the Self."
Fundamentally, Saiving's essay proposes a radical re-definition of 'sin'; one that correctly addresses the female experience. Christianity's view of salvation as a result of selflessness is seen as potentially proscriptive of women who need, in Saiving's opinion, to be encouraged rather than discouraged from asserting themselves as individuals.
Overall, Saiving wished to, "...awaken theologians to the fact that the situation of women, however similar it may appear on the surface of our contemporary world to the situation of man and however much it may be echoed in the life of individual men, is, at bottom, quite different - that the specifically feminine dilemma is, in fact, precisely the opposite of the masculine" (1979, 39). Saiving's work, while much respected in feminist theology, continues to be largely ignored by mainstream theologians.
# Valley Rangers F.C.

Valley Rangers Football Club is a Northern Irish intermediate football club based in Kilkeel, County Down, playing in Intermediate Division A of the Mid-Ulster Football League. The club was founded in 1973. Club colours are blue, white and red.
The club participates in the Irish Cup.

## Honours

Intermediate B
2014/15 Champions
Marshall Cup
2015/16 Champions
Premier Cup
2016/17 Champions
# Vargebreen

Vargebreen is a mountain of Hol municipality Buskerud, in southern Norway.
60°40′32″N 7°28′11″E﻿ / ﻿60.67556°N 7.46972°E﻿ / 60.67556; 7.46972
* This article about a mountain, mountain range, or peak in Buskerud is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Varvara Nelidova

Varvara Arkadyevna Nelidova (Варвара Аркадьевна Нелидова, 1814–1897) was a mistress of Nicholas I of Russia from 1832 until his death in 1855. Her aunt Yekaterina Nelidova was a mistress of Nicholas' father Paul, and her maternal grandfather was Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden.
Nicholas discontinued visits to his wife's bedroom and set his sights on Nelidova after the court doctors had declared that sex might be detrimental to the frail health of the Empress and that another childbirth might prove fatal for her.
Nelidova's liaison with the Tsar was kept more or less secret, giving rise to never ending speculations about its length and the number of children she had with him. According to Nikolay Dobrolyubov, their several children were adopted by her relative, Peter von Kleinmichel, Russia's Minister of Communications.
Nelidova is also claimed to have been the mother of Baron Paskhin, an 8-year-old boy who was made a Baron of the Austrian Empire in 1839. His surname is derived from the feast of Pascha, for he was born on Easter Sunday. No documentation as to his parentage survives, however.
Nelidova's secretive relationship with the Tsar is the subject of Yuri Tynyanov's novella Young Vitushishnikov (1933) and is briefly mentioned by Leo Tolstoy in Hadji Murat.
# Valle Mesolcina

The Valle Mesolcina, also known as the Val Mesolcina or Misox (German), is an alpine valley of the Grisons, Switzerland, stretching from the San Bernardino Pass to Grono where it joins the Calanca Valley. It is the valley formed by the river Moesa.
Like the Val Bregaglia or the Val Poschiavo, the Valle Mesolcina is a valley lying south of the main ridge of the Alps. Although politically the Valle Mesolcina belongs to the Grisons, its population is predominantly Italian-speaking and culturally oriented towards the Ticino.
The valley includes the Mesocco and Roveredo of the Moesa district, including:
* Mesocco
* Soazza
* Lostallo
* Verdabbio
* Cama
* Leggia
* Grono
* Roveredo
* San Vittore

## Religion

The majority of the population adheres to Roman Catholicism, but there is a significant Protestant presence which is part of a Reformed community. located in Grono and adhering to the Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Grisons.
# Valle Nacional River

The Valle Nacional River is a river of Oaxaca state in Mexico. The river originates in the Sierra Juárez. The ecology of the region, originally one of pine forests, is threatened by logging, agriculture and grazing. The Valle Nacional flows past San Juan Bautista Valle Nacional, and joins the Santo Domingo River to the southwest of San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec to form the Papaloapan River.
# Valle Peligna

The Valle Peligna, also known as Conca di Sulmona, is a plateau in central Abruzzo, southern Italy, included in the province of L'Aquila. It has a surface of some 100 km$^2$.
The valley takes its name from the Paeligni. In prehistoric times, it was occupied by a lake which disappeared after a series of earthquakes approximately 300,000 years ago, leaving the land full of marshes but fertile. The former barrier between the lake and the sea was in what are now the gorges of Popoli. Three hills near Sulmona are the relics of the single island in the lake.
The valley is crossed by the rivers Aterno and Sagittario. In addition to Sulmona, the main centers in the plateau include Raiano, Vittorito, Corfinio, Pratola Peligna and Pacentro.
Historically, it was inhabited by the Paeligni, an Oscan tribe.
42°04′49″N 13°53′16″E﻿ / ﻿42.08028°N 13.88778°E﻿ / 42.08028; 13.88778
# Van Carey

Van P. Carey is an American mechanical engineer.
He held the A. Richard Newton Chair in Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2014, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics awarded Carey its Thermophysics Award.
# Van Cauwelaert

Van Cauwelaert is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Didier Van Cauwelaert (born 1960), French writer
* Frans Van Cauwelaert (1880–1961), Belgian politician and lawyer
* Jan van Cauwelaert (1914-2016), Belgian Roman Catholic bishop
# Vase Rock

Vase Rock is a rock just off Liuqiu Island of Pingtung County, Taiwan.

## Geology

The rock was formed by the rising of the coastal coral reef. Its lower part has been eroded by the sea thus forming a vase-shaped structure. Its highest point stands at a height of 9 meters (30 ft).

## Legacy

The Liuqiu township's tourism department ascribes the island's former name "Golden Lion Island" to Vase Rock's supposed resemblance to a lion's head, although the name actually honors the slaughtered crew of the Dutch ship Gouden Leeuw, the punitive reprisals for which—particularly the Liuqiu Island Massacre—depopulated the island in the 1630s and 1640s.
# Vaqadi

Vaqadi is a village in the municipality of Miki in the Astara Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Varennes-le-Grand

Varennes-le-Grand (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## Geography

The Grosne forms most of the commune's southeastern border. The Saône forms the commune's northeastern border.
# VanDyke–Libby House

The VanDyke–Libby House, located at 612 Vermillion Street in Hastings, Minnesota is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1868 by William J. Van Dyke, a banker and merchant. In 1880 the home was bought by Rowland C. Libby who was part-owner of a saw mill and door and sash factory. He lived there until 1911; in 1914 the building was converted to a sanitarium. Originally known as Hope Sanitarium, its name was later changed to St. Raphael's Hospital, which in 1929 moved to the Thompson-Fasbender House.
The building's Second Empire architecture is reflected in its mansard roof and imposing size. The original cost to build the house was an exorbitant $25,000.
# Vanadocene dichloride

Vanadocene dichloride is an organometallic complex with formula (η$^5$-C$_5$H$_5$)$_2$VCl$_2$ (commonly abbreviated as Cp$_2$VCl$_2$). It is a structural analogue of titanocene dichloride but with vanadium(IV) instead of titanium(IV). This compound has one unpaired electron, hence Cp$_2$VCl$_2$ is paramagnetic. Vanadocene dichloride is a suitable precursor for variety of bis(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium(IV) compounds.

## Preparation

Cp$_2$VCl$_2$ was first prepared by Wilkinson and Birmingham via the reaction of NaC$_5$H$_5$ and VCl$_4$ in THF.

## Reactions and use

The compound has been used in organic synthesis.
Reduction of vanadocene dichloride gives vanadocene, (C$_5$H$_5$)$_2$V.
Like titanocene dichloride, this organovanadium compound was investigated as a potential anticancer drug. It was conjectured to function by interactions with the protein transferrin.
# Vellala Street

Vellala Street, also known as Vellalar Street, is a residential street in Purasawalkam in Chennai in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Vellalar is supposedly a caste name crediting to the early residents who belonged to this caste. Later these distinctions vanished and led way to more diverse residents. One of the leading figures of early literature in English R. K. Narayan and his youngest brother R. K. Laxman, an Indian cartoonist, illustrator, and humorist were living at Number 1, Vellala Street.

## Landmarks

Over the years, Vellala Street has changed from being a quiet bylane of Purasawalkam to a noisy one-way lane. But one landmark still remains - the Srinivasa Perumal temple

## Places of Worship

Two noticeable temple are located in this street. Karpaga Vinayagar Temple and Srinivasa Perumal Temple

## Educational institutions

Meena Typing Institute

## Schools

Corporation School

## Shopping

Regular department stores, Muthu Pharmacy