# Walter Willett

Walter C. Willett (born June 20, 1945) is an American physician and nutrition researcher. He is the Fredrick John Stare Professor of Epidemiology and Nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health and was the chair of its department of nutrition from 1991 to 2017. He is also a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School.
Willett is the principal investigator of the second Nurses' Health Study (NHS2 or NHS II), a compilation of studies regarding the health of older women and their risk factors for major chronic diseases. He has published more than 1,500 scientific articles regarding various aspects of diet and disease and is the second most cited author in clinical medicine.
Willett is perhaps best known for his 2001 book Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy and the ensuing controversy over it. The book presents nutritional information and recommendations based on what was then the consensus of nutrition scientists, and is critical of many misconceptions about diet and nutrition, including ideas presented by guidelines from American organizations such as the USDA. Willett is frequently quoted by the media in articles regarding nutrition.
In 2016, Semantic Scholar AI program included Willett on its list of top ten most influential biomedical researchers.

## Education

* Diploma 1963, Okemos High School
* B.S. 1966, Michigan State University
* M.D. 1970, University of Michigan Medical School
* M.P.H. 1973, Harvard School of Public Health
* Dr.P.H. 1980, Harvard School of Public Health, Epidemiology
* Chair, 1991, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health

## Influence on Harvard meal plans and cafeterias

Willett has been actively involved in helping Harvard University food services to update their offerings along current nutritional guidelines. While his work has influenced the menu choices, students and Willett have noted that the menus still have a long way to go to reflect the currently available nutrition science.

## Dispute with Katherine Flegal

Willett has been a high-profile critic of research into the so-called "obesity paradox" posited by, among others, American epidemiologist Katherine Flegal and her colleagues at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics, going so far as to call it a "pile of rubbish ... No one should waste their time reading it." In 2013, the journal Nature ran an editorial rebuking Willett for the style and manner of his criticism, saying it misrepresented the complexity of the science involved and used inappropriate language in doing so.
In 2021, Flegal published an article in the journal Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases accusing Willett and some of his Harvard School of Public Health colleagues of being part of "an aggressive campaign that included insults, errors, misinformation, social media posts, behind-the-scenes gossip and maneuvers, and complaints to her employer." Flegal wrote that the goal Willett and his allies "appeared to be to undermine and discredit her work," and that, "The controversy was something deliberately manufactured, and the attacks primarily consisted of repeated assertions of preconceived opinions." Flegal also questioned Willett's competence to criticize her team's statistical research, as he "was not a statistician and had no expertise in estimating the number of deaths associated with obesity."

## Reception

A 2013 article in The Boston Globe described Willett as the "world's most influential nutritionist".
Willett's book Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy received a high-score at Red Pen Reviews who concluded that it "provides solid science backed advice without much hype. The dietary advice can be applied to a variety of dietary patterns and preferences. Adoption of the advice is likely to lead to improved health outcomes." John Swartzberg and Sheldon Margen positively reviewed the book in the American Journal of Epidemiology, describing it as "one of the few books on nutrition and health written for the lay public that is based on a careful and thoughtful analysis of (of all things) science!".

## Works

* Nutritional Epidemiology (1998) ISBN 0-19-512297-6
* Eat, Drink, and be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide To Healthy Eating (2005) ISBN 0-684-86337-5
* Eat, Drink, and Weigh Less (2007) ISBN 1-4013-0892-9
* The Fertility Diet (2008) ISBN 0-07-149479-0
* More than 1,000 scientific articles