OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Steven E. Lindow

Steven Earl Lindow (born 1951) is an American plant pathologist. He has researched the application of transgenic bacteria to prevent frost damage in crops as well as using bacteria to prevent russeting of fruit. He is a member of several scientific societies, including the National Academy of Sciences, and has been co-editor of the Annual Review of Phytopathology from 2015-2023.

## Early life and education

Steven Earl Lindow was born in 1951 in Portland, Oregon. His father had a farm where he grew wheat and clover seed. As a thirteen-year-old, he planted four acres of strawberries and boysenberries on the farm, but the crops died from frost damage. This would later influence his decision to research frost damage in crops, leading to the creation of ice-minus bacteria. He attended Oregon State University for his bachelor's degree and the University of Wisconsin for his PhD, graduating in 1977. His PhD research was on the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, a species of bacteria that produces proteins that raise the temperature at which plants experience frost damage.

## Career

In 1978 he began working at the University of California, Berkeley as an assistant professor; he was promoted to associate professor in 1983. At Berkeley, he continued his work on the bacteria P. syringae; he and his colleagues created a transgenic form of the bacteria that lacked the gene to produce the protein that initiated ice formation at higher temperatures. The commercial strain was called "Frostban"; its initial testing in 1987 marked the first authorized outdoor testing of genetically engineered bacteria. Along with Deane Arny, Lindow holds several patents related to biocontrol agents to reduce frost damage in plants.
Lindow's research also explored the mechanism by which bacteria becomes resistant to copper, which is used as an antimicrobial. He also researched russeting in fruit, discovering that it is caused by the secretion of indole acetic acid by bacteria, and could be mitigated by spraying flowering plants with bacteria that competitively excludes the bacteria that causes russeting. From 2015-2023, he has been a co-editor of the Annual Review of Phytopathology, for most of that time with Jan E. Leach.

## Awards and honors

In 1985, he was awarded the William O. Baker Award for Initiatives in Research for his work on ice-minus bacteria. He was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1999. He is also a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology, American Phytopathological Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
# Van Petten, Illinois

Van Petten is an unincorporated community in Lee County, Illinois, United States.

## History

The community is named for A. G. Van Petten, the original owner of the town site. A post office called Van Petten was established in 1901 and remained in operation for 30 years. The population of the town in 2013 was 2. The town is owned and operated by Dave and Babe Brandon
# Valley Township, Pottawattamie County, Iowa

Valley Township is a township in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, United States.

## History

Valley Township is named from its setting in the Nishnabotna Valley.
# The Wii

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# Thomas Enraght O'Brien

Thomas Enraght O'Brien (4 May 1827 – 18 January 1896) was Lord Lieutenant of Limerick and Custos Rotulorum of Limerick between 29 November 1894 until his death. He left an estate worth over £30,000. He was married to Harriet O'Brien (née O'Neill). He is buried in Mount Saint Lawrence Cemetery, Limerick.
He was appointed to the Commission of the Peace for South Hill, Limerick, in 1879, and was appointed to serve as Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum for County Limerick in December 1894.
Outside of government appointments, he was a partner in the Limerick grocers, John Quin & Co., Ltd. He was said to have been a philanthropist, and to have served as a governor on the Lunatic Asylum Board.
# Timothy Armitage (minister)

Timothy Armitage (died 1655) was, in 1647, "chosen pastor of the first independent (or congregational) church in the city of Norwich". This was an offshoot from that of the venerable William Bridge's church at Great Yarmouth. It was erected into a "separate congregation" on 10 June 1644, "in the presence of several of their brethren from Yarmouth, who signified their approbation by expressions of the most tender and endeared affection". The members of both congregations had been exiles in Holland and elsewhere. They returned home on the outbreak of the English Civil War.
Armitage laboured tirelessly until his nonconformist congregation was larger than any in the city. He was superintendent (in connection with Bridge) of numerous nonconformist congregations in Norfolk and Suffolk. The following is the title-page of an unusually scarce book by him: "A Tryall of Faith, or the Woman of Canaan on Matthew xv. 21-24. Together with the Souls Sure Anchor-hold on Hebrews vi. 19, with the Wisedome of timely remembring our Creator on Eccles. xii. 1. In severall Sermons by Timothy Armitage, Late Minister of the Gospel in Norwitch'"(1661), pp. vi, 479. He died in December 1655.
# Tony Harris

Tony or Anthony Harris may refer to:

## Sports
### American football

* Anthony Harris (defensive lineman) (born 1981), American football defensive lineman
* Anthony Harris (linebacker) (born 1973), American football linebacker
* Anthony Harris (safety) (born 1991), American football safety

### Other sports

* Anthony Harris (cricketer) (born 1982), New Zealand cricketer
* Tony Harris (sportsman) (1916–1993), South African cricketer and rugby union international
* Tony Harris (athlete) (born 1941), British middle-distance runner in 1962 European Athletics Championships – Men's 800 metres
* Tony Harris (basketball, born 1967) (born 1967), American basketball player
* Tony Harris (basketball, born 1970) (1970–2007), American basketball player
* Tony Harris (footballer) (John Robert Harris, 1922–2000), Scottish footballer

## Others

* Anthony Leonard Harris (born 1935), British geologist
* Anthony Charles Harris (1790–1869), collector of ancient Egyptian papyri
* Tony Harris (author) (born 1951), Helm Identification Guides author
* Tony Harris (artist) (born 1969), cartoonist and comic book artist
* Tony Harris (journalist) (born 1959), reporter and news anchor for Al Jazeera English and now Al Jazeera America
* Tony Harris, producer for the album Holy Water by Bad Company
# Qabaleh Kandi

Qabaleh Kandi (Persian: قباله كندي, also Romanized as Qabāleh Kandī; also known as Qabāleh) is a village in Angut-e Sharqi Rural District, Anguti District, Germi County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 149, in 36 families.
# Karen Johnson (violinist)

Karen Johnson is an American violinist. She began her studies at the age of 4. She has served as the concertmaster of the Juilliard Orchestra and of the Richmond Symphony Orchestra. She was also a guest concertmaster of the Phoenix Symphony, Seattle Symphony, and the Oregon Symphony in Portland. She has served as concertmaster of The "President's Own" Marine Band Chamber Orchestra.
# Stephen Jameson

Stephen Jameson may refer to:
* A singer with the British group The Javells
* A character in The Tomorrow People
# Vasily Tikhonov (equestrian)

Vasily Tikhonov (October 1909 – 1987) was a Soviet equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Vefa

Vefa is part of the district of Fatih in Istanbul, and lies inside what was once the old walled city of Constantinople. It lies roughly northwest of the eastern section of the Aqueduct of Valens, and is rich in monuments, both Byzantine and Ottoman. It takes its name from the Muslim saint (wali) Shaykh Ebu’l Vefa who is buried locally in his own mosque and dergah.
Vefa lies to the east of busy Atatürk Bulvari, the main road pushed through the old city by the French architect Henri Prost in the 1950s. Immediately to its north is the area of Küçükpazarı while to the east is the Süleymaniye district around the huge Süleymaniye Mosque complex.
Buses link Vefa to Taksim, Eminönü, Fatih and Beyazıt. The Vezneciler Metro stop on the M2 line is a short walk away as is the Cibali tram stop on the Golden Horn.

## Attractions

Vefa is best known for the Vefa Bozacısı shop, the oldest shop (founded in 1876) still selling boza, a barley drink usually topped off with chickpeas, in the city.Atatürk came here to drink boza and his cup is preserved in a showcase in the wall. The shop is mentioned several times in Orhan Pamuk's novel, A Strangeness in my Mind which tells the story of an itinerant boza-seller.
The Vefa Kilise Mosque (Vefa Church Mosque) is a small Byzantine church in the same area, probably originally dedicated to Hagios Theodoros (St Theodore). It dates back to the Middle Byzantine period of architecture in the 10th to 11th centuries. The church had been allowed to fall into complete neglect . However it has now been completely restored. Near the church is the brick-and-stone Atif Efendi Library, the second library to be built in Ottoman Constantinople in the 1740s. It, too, has been restored. Another early 18th-century library, commissioned by Damad Şehir Ali Paşa, stands in the grounds of Vefa High School (Vefa Lisesi), designed by architect Kemalettin Bey in the 1920s.
Not far from Vefa Bozacısı is the Recai Mehmed Efendi sibyan mektep, an Ottoman primary school opened in 1775, its facade entirely covered in marble carvings that incorporate fountains and a sebil from which drinks were dispensed to passers-by. Nearby is the Ekmekcizade Ahmed Paşa Medresesi, an Ottoman theological school built around 1618 for a vizier of the sultan.
Near Vezneciler Metro stop is the large Kalenderhane Mosque which was built as the Middle Byzantine church of Theotokos Kyriotissa and stands beside the remains of an early Byzantine bathhouse. Running along one side of the church is a stretch of the Aqueduct of Valens which used to bring water into the city from Thrace (Trakya) in Roman and Byzantine times.
Vefa is also home to Vefa S.K., one of Istanbul's historic soccer clubs.

## Gallery

* Istanbul Vefa Bozaci Shop
* Istanbul Vefa Bozaci counter area
* Istanbul Vefa Bozaci interior
* Istanbul Vefa Bozaci: Glass used by Atatürk
* Istanbul Vefa Bozaci
* Vefa High School
# Arhuaco (butterfly)

Arhuaco is a Neotropical genus of butterflies in the nymphalid subfamily Satyrinae. The genus was erected by Michael Jan Adams and George Igor Bernard in 1977.

## Species

* Arhuaco dryadina (Schaus, 1913)
* Arhuaco ica Adams & Bernard, 1977
# Thomas Alfred Patrick

Thomas Alfred Patrick (December 23, 1864 – September 8, 1943) was a Canadian politician and physician. He served on the North-West Legislative Assembly for Yorkton from 1897 to 1904.

## Early life

Thomas Alfred Patrick was born on December 23, 1864, in Ilderton, Canada West to George Blackall Patrick (1832–1917) and Alicia Hobbs, the oldest of 12 children. He graduated medicine from the University of Western Ontario in 1888 and was a surgery in Saltcoats until 1894, then moved to Yorkton where he practiced until 1939.

## Political life

Patrick first contested the 1891 North-West Territories general election in the Wallace electoral district, finishing second to Joel Reaman. Patrick again ran for office in the October 1897 by-election for the Yorkton electoral district and was acclaimed, and in the subsequent 1898 North-West Territories general election, was acclaimed again. In the 1902 North-West Territories general election Patrick defeated J.E. Peake with 408 votes to Peake's 141.
Patrick stepped down from the Assembly in 1904 to run in the 1904 Canadian federal election and bring forward the issue of provincial status for the North-West Territories. Shortly after accepting the Conservative nomination, Laurier announced that the Dominion government would provide province status to the North-West Territories. Patrick stated that he would not have run if he knew the announcement would occur. Patrick finished a distant second in the Mackenzie electoral district to Liberal Edward L. Cash, who was also a doctor in Yorkton.
In the Assembly, Patrick was a supporter of the Frederick W. A. G. Haultain government and responsible government for the North-West Territories until 1902 when he disagreed with Haultain's goal of a single large province. Instead, Patrick envisioned a province divided similar to borders which were adopted for Alberta and Saskatchewan.

## Later life

Patrick delivered the first child born in the province of Saskatchewan after entering Confederation a few seconds after midnight on September 1, 1905. Patrick died on September 8, 1943.
Patrick's memoirs were published in 1980 under the title Pioneer of vision : the reminiscences of T.A. Patrick, M.D., with the foreword written by former Prime Minister John G. Diefenbaker. Diefenbaker described Patrick as "one of the greats of the pioneer days in Saskatchewan" and that his "vision and determination" shaped the province of Saskatchewan to the present.
# Timothy Antoine

Timothy Antoine is the governor of the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank.
# Topple rate

Topple rate is measure of how often the leading companies in a particular industry changes. It is defined as the probability that a firm in the industry, already in the top 20% in revenue, will drop out of this revenue leadership position within the next five years. The topple rate is one method of measuring overall competition in a particular industry; higher topple rates are often viewed as indicating a strong market with healthy economic activity. The term's invention is credited to McKinsey consultant Patrick Viguerie.
Modern industries have increasingly taken advantage of advances in technology and globalization to drive significant increases in productivity, but these changes also more easily enable new competitors and new innovations. These competitors often have lower costs, lower return requirements, or cheaper or imitation products. Topple rates across all industries doubled between 1972 and 2002, even when controlling for acquisitions of previous industry leaders; including them in the data showed that the overall rate actually tripled. At the peak of the Great Depression in 1937, companies listed on the S&P 500 had an average lifespan of 75 years. By 2011, that figure had fallen to 18 years, a reduction in lifespan of 76%.
In 2011, a study by Deloitte of 20,000 firms from 1965 to 2010 showed an overall doubling of the topple rate, though the effect occurred at different speeds across various industries. Those least affected by the increase in topple rate tended to be those more heavily regulated, such as aerospace, health care, and defense. However, rapid change can occur even in these industries if there are fundamental shifts in regulations or other disruptive forces.
# Jari Korpisalo

Jari Korpisalo (born 17 February 1966) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey player.

## Playing career

He played 575 games in the SM-liiga with Ässät Pori, scoring 213 goals and 231 assists for 444 points, while accumulating 893 penalty minutes.
Korpisalo competed in the 1993 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships as a member of the Finland men's national ice hockey team.

## Personal life

Korpisalo's son, Joonas, is a professional goaltender for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also has represented Team Finland in several international junior tournaments.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1985–86 | Granby Bisons | QMJHL | 60 | 22 | 27 | 49 | 73 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1986–87 | Karhu-Kissat | I-Divisioona | 44 | 23 | 20 | 43 | 72 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1987–88 | SaPKo | I-divisioona | 29 | 15 | 16 | 31 | 30 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1988–89 | Karhu-Kissat | I-Divisioona | 43 | 28 | 42 | 70 | 60 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1989–90 | Karhu-Kissat | I-Divisioona | 43 | 31 | 45 | 76 | 56 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1990–91 | Ässät | Liiga | 43 | 11 | 16 | 27 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1991–92 | Ässät | Liiga | 43 | 25 | 21 | 46 | 24 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| 1992–93 | Ässät | Liiga | 47 | 26 | 26 | 52 | 91 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 4 |
| 1993–94 | Ässät | Liiga | 48 | 26 | 23 | 49 | 86 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 1994–95 | Ässät | Liiga | 50 | 21 | 32 | 53 | 84 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 6 |
| 1995–96 | Ässät | Liiga | 49 | 27 | 20 | 47 | 90 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| 1996–97 | Ässät | Liiga | 49 | 20 | 25 | 45 | 86 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| 1997–98 | EV Landshut | DEL | 35 | 1 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 |
| 1998–99 | EV Landshut | DEL | 52 | 7 | 15 | 22 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1999–00 | München Barons | DEL | 56 | 7 | 17 | 24 | 42 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2000–01 | Ässät | Liiga | 50 | 17 | 25 | 42 | 119 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001–02 | Ässät | Liiga | 52 | 9 | 13 | 22 | 129 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2002–03 | Ässät | Liiga | 56 | 12 | 12 | 24 | 60 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2003–04 | Ässät | Liiga | 53 | 16 | 14 | 30 | 62 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004–05 | Ässät | Liiga | 35 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 46 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Liiga totals | Liiga totals | Liiga totals | 575 | 213 | 231 | 444 | 891 | 37 | 14 | 11 | 25 | 24 |
# Stephen James King

Stephen James King (born 13 August 1983) is an Australian TV and stage actor.

## Life and career

A graduate of the Newtown High School of the Performing Arts, Sydney.
King leapt into the public eye on serial Home and Away in the regular role as Edward Dunglass in 1999. He then guest starred on the popular Sci-Fi series Farscape in 2004, and then performed on stage with the Sydney Theatre Company and Belvoir Street Theatre as a teenager.
At the age of 20, King was accepted into the prestigious Juilliard School in New York City. Since graduating in 2008, he has appeared on stage at the New York Shakespeare Festival AKA Shakespeare in the Park with Sam Waterston, Lauren Ambrose and Michael Stuhlbarg, New York Theatre Workshop with Tim Robbins and at the Tony Award winning McCarter Theater, Princeton. In 2008, he guest starred on ABC's Life on Mars with Harvey Keitel. He then returned to the theatre, appearing in plays such as Neil LaBute's Reasons To Be Pretty. In 2014, he co-created with Michael Demosthenous, Little Bondi short film, that was selected for Tropfest an international short film festival.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2003 | The Rage in Placid Lake | Angus |
| 2004 | Courts mais GAY: Tome 7 | Roy (segment "Quels adultes savent") |
| 2004 | What Grown-Ups Know (Short) | Roy |
| 2013 | The Little Death | Nelson |
| 2014 | Little Bondi (Short) | Linda / Wayne / Di / Liam |
| 2014 | A Funny Kind of Love | Guy with Bottle |
| 2015 | THE AUCTION (Short) | Marcus King, the auctioneer (also co-writer and co-director of short) |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1999-2000 | Home and Away | Edward Dunglass | TV series, 27 episodes |
| 2001 | Changi | Jack | TV mini-series, 1 episode |
| 2004 | Farscape: The Peacekeeper Wars | Pikal | TV mini-series, 2 episodes |
| 2008 | Life on Mars | Johnny H. | TV series, 1 episode |
| 2021 | Space Nova | Hugo Nova | TV series, 26 episodes |
# Vehicle registration plates of Grenada

Grenada requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Current plates are North American standard 6 × 12 inches (152 × 300 mm) but use Mandatory typeface developed for use on British plates. There are also some examples of plates using the size of standard British plates. Rear plates have yellow background and front ones white.
| Image | First issued | Design | Slogan | Serial format | Serials issued | Notes |
| | 1974 | orange on white porcelain | | | | Grenada only issued porcelain plates from 1971 to 1974. After 1974 new registrants went back to using undated plates with either hand-painted numbers like the back of this plate or had them made up in the British style like they did before 1971. |
| | 2010 | blank on orange | None | ABC123 | | |
# Varennes-sous-Dun

Varennes-sous-Dun (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# James Turner Cummins

Major-General James Turner Cummins CB DSO (12 October 1843 – 24 October 1912) was a British military officer who served in the Indian Army.
He was born in Cork, Ireland, in 1842, the son of Nicholas Cummins. He was educated at Cheltenham College and at Addiscombe Military Seminary. On passing out at Addiscombe in 1861 he was commissioned into the Madras Army. He was promoted to captain in 1873. In 1875, Cummins transferred to the Madras Staff Corps and served in the Second Anglo-Afghan War between 1878 and 1880. He thereafter served in the Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882 and was made a major in 1883. In 1885, he took part in the Suakin Expedition and the Third Anglo-Burmese War, where he was mentioned in dispatches twice. Following this he was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General to the Madras Force and became a lieutenant colonel in 1887 and colonel in 1894. Between 1895 and 1900 he was placed in command of a 2nd class district. During the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900 he commanded the 4th Infantry Brigade, which was mentioned in dispatches. He was made a Companion of the Bath in 1901 and in 1903 he retired from service and returned to England. The following year he was appointed the honorary position of colonel of the 30th Lancers (Gordon's Horse). He lived his later years in London, where he died in 1912. He married Louisa Dunman in 1869 and had three sons, Harry, Horace and Ernest, and three daughters, Agnes, Ethel and Kathleen.
# Thomas Davis House

Thomas Davis House may refer to:
* Thomas Davis House (Kenton, Delaware), listed on the NRHP in Kent County, Delaware
* Thomas Aspinwall Davis House, Brookline, Massachusetts, listed on the NRHP in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
# Tinau Hydropower Plant

Tinau Hydropower Plant (Nepali: तिनाउ जलविद्युत आयोजना, Tinau Jalbidyut Ayojana) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in Rupandehi District of Nepal. The flow from Tinau River is used to generate 1.024 MW electricity.
The plant was constructed in the leadership of Odd Hoftun. It was commissioned in 1978 with two 250-kW turbine-generators with total capacity of 500-kW. The project was later upgraded to 1.024 MW in assistance from ADB. The project has 2.462 km long tunnel, underground desilting chamber, and semi-underground powerhouse. The weir is 10 m high and 63 m long. The design flow is 2.5 m$^3$/s. The power plant was initially owned by Butwal Power Company, a private company that constructed the plant. After the expiry of licence, the ownership was transferred to Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA).
The plant had suffered damage due to flood in 1983.

## Significance

The plant is considered instrumental to train Nepali Technicians/Engineers in various disciplines such as tunnelling, hydropower construction.

## Gallery

* Intake view
* Underground Powerhouse location