OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sphairee

Sphairee is a miniature form of tennis developed in Australia. Sphairee derives its name from the Greek word for ball sphaira.

## History

It was developed by Frederick Arthur George Beck in Sydney in 1961. The New South Wales Sphairee Association was formed in 1961. The first New South Wales Championships were held in 1963 with R.B. Frost and N.Brown winning the men's and women's titles respectively. In 1998, it was reported that the game had ebbed and it was played in 15 primary and high schools in Tasmania and on the first Tuesday of each month at the Greenwich Community Centre on Sydney's lower north shore. The game has been played in Mauritius, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The game has also been played since at least the 1970s at Camp Ponacka, a boys camp just south of Algonquin Provincial Park in Ontario, Canada, and includes four single-knockout elimination tournaments for the Munnfellow Cup every summer.

## Description

Rules of the game include:
* Field of play can be indoor or outdoor
* Court is 6.2 m by 2.2 m with the net being 0.6 m high.
* Bats are similar to oversized table tennis bats
* A perforated plastic ball 7 cm in diameter is used
# Sphagoeme paraensis

Sphagoeme paraensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1977.
# Sphaleractis parasticta

Sphaleractis parasticta is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1904. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales and Western Australia.
The wingspan is 9–13 mm (0.35–0.51 in). The forewings are light bronzy fuscous, darker on the costal half and with a broad white costal streak from the base to five-sixths, including a black dot near the apex, the costal edge sometimes fuscous tinged beyond the middle. The plical stigma and a dot towards the tornus are rather large and blackish and there are indications of minute black and white dots on the termen. The hindwings are whitish grey.
# Space form

In mathematics, a space form is a complete Riemannian manifold M of constant sectional curvature K. The three most fundamental examples are Euclidean n-space, the n-dimensional sphere, and hyperbolic space, although a space form need not be simply connected.

## Reduction to generalized crystallography

The Killing–Hopf theorem of Riemannian geometry states that the universal cover of an n-dimensional space form $M^{n}$ with curvature $K=-1$ is isometric to $H^{n}$, hyperbolic space, with curvature $K=0$ is isometric to $R^{n}$, Euclidean n-space, and with curvature $K=+1$ is isometric to $S^{n}$, the n-dimensional sphere of points distance 1 from the origin in $R^{n+1}$.
By rescaling the Riemannian metric on $H^{n}$, we may create a space $M_{K}$ of constant curvature $K$ for any $K<0$. Similarly, by rescaling the Riemannian metric on $S^{n}$, we may create a space $M_{K}$ of constant curvature $K$ for any $K>0$. Thus the universal cover of a space form $M$ with constant curvature $K$ is isometric to $M_{K}$.
This reduces the problem of studying space forms to studying discrete groups of isometries $\Gamma$ of $M_{K}$ which act properly discontinuously. Note that the fundamental group of $M$, $\pi _{1}(M)$, will be isomorphic to $\Gamma$. Groups acting in this manner on $R^{n}$ are called crystallographic groups. Groups acting in this manner on $H^{2}$ and $H^{3}$ are called Fuchsian groups and Kleinian groups, respectively.
# Sphigmothorax bicinctus

Sphigmothorax bicinctus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gressitt in 1939.
# Spaceman Candy Sticks

Spaceman Candy Sticks, formerly Space Man cigarettes are a white candy stick lolly from New Zealand. It is common for New Zealand children to pretend that they are cigarettes. They are made in Palmerston North by Carousel Confectionery, and have been around since the early 1970s.
Writing in the Journal of Consumer Research, Beverland et al. say that Spaceman Candy Sticks may form national identity by a process of 'splitting', where outsiders and New Zealanders perceive Spaceman Candy Sticks differently. New Zealanders would see them as a cigarette.

## History

Spaceman candy sticks have been around since the early 1970s, known originally as 'Space Man cigarettes'. Due to concerns by a health watchdog that consumers of the sweet would become cigarette addicts, the name was changed to 'Space Man candy sticks'. In 2006 Bonza Confectionery, the maker of Spaceman Candy Sticks, was purchased by Carousel Confectionary and removed the red tip from the sweet to help remove the association with cigarettes.
# Spirodecospora

Spirodecospora is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae.
# Spirocyclistus maximus

Spirocyclistus maximus is a species of millipede belonging to the family Spirostreptidae.
# Spraing

Spraing is a collective term for diseases and disorders of potato tubers that cause brown streaks in the flesh of the potato. Spraing can be caused by two viruses, tobacco rattle virus (TRV) which is transmitted by trichodorid nematodes, or Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) transmitted by the powdery scab fungus Spongospora subterranea. The two viruses may have synergistic effects in disease progression when both are present. Spraing like symptoms can also be caused by physiological defects or specific nutrient deficiencies, most notably Calcium.
Control of the disease is generally by ensuring that seed is disease free although the strain transmitted by nematodes can be controlled to some extent by the use of nematicides.
TRV spraing vectored by free living nematodes (trichodorid) most typically occurs on light sandy soils during incidence of heavy rain or over irrigation. These conditions are ideal for the nematodes to swim to the surface in order to feed on the tubers and subsequently cause infection. During non wet periods they return to the depths of the soil profile making soil sample testing for trichodorid often unreliable. Different potato varieties show varying levels of resistance to TRV tuber symptoms.
Thus avoiding using susceptible cultivars and careful irrigation management is often enough to avoid problematic symptoms. The resultant internal brown flecks can cause costly factory rejections for commercial growers due to loss of processed quality.
# Ákos Kónya

Ákos Kónya (born 1974) is a Hungarian ultramarathon runner from Oceanside, California.

## Early life

While growing up in Kecskemét, Hungary, Kónya began running at age 12. He ran track in high school and ran his first marathon at age 15. He has run a marathon in under 2:30, 11 minutes off qualifying for the Olympic Trials.
While attending a teacher's college, Kónya injured his knee playing basketball. He underwent surgery for Patellar tendinitis in 2001, which forced him to stop running for two years. When he began running again, he could not run as fast. This prompted him to run longer distance races in which speed was not as important as endurance.
He has worked on a cruise ship and at hotels. In 2001, he emigrated to the United States as part of a foreign exchange program at Yellowstone National Park. He later moved to Oceanside, California and now works as a restaurant manager at Ruby's Diner.

## Ultrarunning career

Although he began running ultramarathons in 2003, Kónya emerged from complete obscurity in the 2006 Badwater Ultramarathon, one of the world's most difficult races. After leading for much of the race at record pace, his endurance was strained by a lack of sleep and he eventually finished second to Scott Jurek. Although the temperature was above 120 °F (49 °C) during the race, he claims that the heat did not bother him. He also finished second at Badwater in 2007 and 2008, though his performance was hindered by a hamstring injury in 2008. In 2009 he did not compete at Badwater, but instead served on the crew for the youngest ever Badwater finisher.
He won the Lean Horse Ultramarathon 100 mile race in 2007 and 2009, setting the course record in 2007.
In November 2007 Kónya placed first at the U.S. 24 Hour National Championship race, running 146.25 miles (235.37 km). He was not declared the national champion however, because he was not a U.S. Citizen.
Kónya runs shorter distances as well, and finished a close second in the Surf City USA Marathon in February 2010.
# Zlatko Ivanković

Zlatko Ivanković (born 22 November 1952) is a Croatian football coach. He is the brother of former national team coach Branko Ivanković.

## Career in Iran

He managed Iranian club Bargh Shiraz, but was replaced by Bijan Zolfagharnasab at the end of the 2005–2006 season.

## Career

* NK Slaven Belupo Youth (2002–2005)
* Bargh Shiraz F.C. (2005–2006)
* NK Sloboda Varaždin
* Persepolis F.C.
* Al-Ahli Saudi FC
* Oman national football team
# Álvaro Ortiz (footballer)

Álvaro Ortiz Arellano (born 19 February 1978 in Mexico City) is a Mexican former footballer who played as a defender. He has made three appearances for the Mexico national football team.

## Career

Ortiz made his debut in the Primera División de México with Leon in the Invierno 1998, against Chivas. Ortiz regularly played with Leon the next season, making 15 appearances and scoring 1 goal. Ortiz moved to Chivas for the Invierno 1999 tournament where he only made 4 appearances. The following season he saw little success appearing a total of 3 times for Chivas.
Ortiz moved to Necaxa for the Invierno 2000, and in three season with Necaxa he made 43 appearances and scored 8 goals, before a transfer to Club América. Ortiz made 15 Primera appearances for America before a return to Necaxa for the Clausura 2003, but it was a brief spell and was followed with a return to play for America, making 52 appearances.
Ortiz moved to San Luis F.C. for the Apertura 2005 season and made 63 appearances in the Primera before a transfer to Toluca for the Apertura 2007. However, after only six games he moved to Puebla FC where he captained the side, and as at the end of the Apertura 2011, he had played 73 Primera games for Puebla.
# Zizula

Zizula, commonly called grass blues, is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.

## Species

There are two species:
* Zizula cyna (Edwards, 1881) – tiny blue, cyna blue
** = Lycaena tulliola Godman & Salvin, 1887
** = Lycaena mela Strecker, 1900
* Zizula hylax (Fabricius, 1775) – little grass blue
** =Zizula gaika, originally Lycaena gaika (Trimen, 1862) – South Africa
** =Lycaena mylica Guenée, 1863 - Réunion
** =Lycaena cleodora Walker, 1870 - Egypt
** =Lycaena perparva Saalmüller, 1884 - Madagascar

### Subspecies

* Zizula hylax attenuata (Lucas, 1890) - Australia
* Zizula hylax dampierensis (Rothschild, 1915) - Dampier Is.
* Zizula hylax hylax (Fabricius, 1775) - India, Tranquebar
* Zizula hylax pygmea (Snellen, 1876) - Java – pygmy grass blue
# Zizyphia

Zizyphia is a moth genus of the superfamily Gelechioidea. It is mostly placed in the family Gelechiidae, but may belong in the Oecophoridae.
Resembling Orophia in some aspects, it would warrant inclusion in the tribe Orophinii. These are today usually placed in subfamily Oecophorinae, but often used to be assigned to the Depressariinae.

## Species

* Zizyphia cleodorella Chrétien, 1908
* Zizyphia zizyphella Amsel, 1935
# Zinc Application Framework

The Zinc Application Framework is an application framework, intended for the development of cross-platform software applications with graphical user interface (GUI), using a widget toolkit. Zinc targets both embedded (such as Wind River's VxWorks) and desktop platforms.

## History

In 1990 Zinc Software released its first software development package Zinc Interface Library as a tool for Borland Turbo C++. This package allowed creation of text and graphics based user interface, initially only for DOS applications and since the 2.0 release also for Windows programs.
In 1994 Zinc Software introduced version 4.0 of its C++ tool under Zinc Application Framework name. Zinc aimed at cross-platform development of the user interface supporting DOS, Windows, Mac and Unix.
With the release of the version 5 in 1997, Zinc Software changed pricing policy and distributed "Personal Version" of the Zinc Application Framework free of charge for non-commercial use - including source code and limited only by lack of technical support and distribution rights.
Zinc Software was acquired in 1998 by Wind River and continued to operate as a subsidiary.
In 2004 Zinc Software was sold to Professional Software Associates (PSA).
# Zinc Inc.

Zinc Inc. (renamed from Cotap Inc, Jun 2016) is a San Francisco-based company that sells a mobile messaging application for businesses. Unlike consumer-focused apps such as WhatsApp and WeChat that require phone numbers, Cotap allows users to find and connect with other users who share their corporate email domain. The company was founded in May 2013 by former Yammer executives Jim Patterson and Zack Parker. That month, Cotap announced it had received $5.5 million in a Series A funding round from Charles River Ventures and Emergence Capital Partners. Cotap received $10M in Series B funding in January 2014.
Cotap released its first app, which is available for iOS, in October 2013. In February 2014 Cotap released a native Android app. In August 2014, Cotap released a Mac and Web app alongside the announcement of cloud storage integrations with Box, Dropbox, Google Drive and OneDrive. Both iOS and Android apps, as well as the Mac and Web apps, allow users to send individual and group messages.
On raising $5M in a funding round led by Emergence Capital Partners and Charles River Ventures, Cotap changed its name to Zinc and appointed a new Chief Executive, Stacey Epstein.
In April 2017 a further $11M round of investment was raised from GE Ventures, Hearst Ventures and existing investors Emergence & Charles River.
Zinc was acquired by ServiceMax in 2019 for an undisclosed amount.
# Zinc D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase

Zinc D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.17.14, Zn$^{2+}$ G peptidase, D-alanyl-D-alanine hydrolase, D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving carboxypeptidase, DD-carboxypeptidase, G enzyme, DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    Cleavage of the bond: (Ac)2-L-lysyl-D-alanyl--D-alanine
This is a zinc enzyme. Catalyses carboxypeptidation but not transpeptidation reactions involved in bacterial cell wall metabolism.
# Zoom creep

Zoom creep is a phenomenon in zoom lenses where the angle of view of the lens changes when gravity is allowed to freely act on it. If the lens has a zoom ring, holding it when the lens is held upwards or downwards will prevent this change. In lenses with push-pull zoom, creep is prevented by holding the extending part of the lens. Some lenses, such as the Tamron SP AF 17-50mm f/2.8 XR Di II LD Aspherical [IF] and Canon EF-S 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM, have a zoom lock to stop the effect.
# Zooman Sam

Zooman Sam (1999) is a children's novel by Lois Lowry. It is part of a series that Lowry wrote about Anastasia and her younger brother Sam.

## Plot summary

The story centers around Sam Krupnik, an enthusiastic and imaginative first-grader who becomes deeply fascinated with animals and dreams of becoming a zookeeper. His class is preparing for "Future Job Day," and Sam is excited to present his career choice.
Sam's adventure begins with his decision to dress up as a zookeeper for his presentation. With the help of his family, he creates a detailed and authentic costume, complete with a safari hat and a badge. As Sam prepares for his big day, he immerses himself in learning about various animals, their habitats, and their behaviors, sharing his newfound knowledge with his classmates.
Throughout the story, Sam's enthusiasm and dedication to his "Zooman" persona highlight his creativity and determination. He practices his presentation diligently, impressing both his teacher and his peers with his passion for animals. The book captures the essence of a young child's excitement about their future and the joy of sharing their interests with others.
"Zooman Sam" is a charming and heartwarming tale that emphasizes the importance of following one's passions and the joy that comes from learning and sharing knowledge. It also showcases the supportive and loving environment provided by Sam's family, encouraging his dreams and helping him bring his vision to life.

## Reception

Kirkus Reviews finds that "The plotting is leisurely, the story is slender, and a subplot about the training of the family dog barely registers." and "... the material runs out of steam before the novel ends." but "Fans of the Sam books may find satisfaction in the nicely foreshadowed but still unanticipated punch line." Rob Reid spoke positively "It's a hilarious scene that will have the elementary-age crowd laughing."
# Zoopagaceae

The Zoopagaceae are a family of fungi in the Zoopagales order. The family contain contains 6 genera, and 78 species. The family was circumscribed in 1938.
# Zythos clypeata

Zythos clypeata is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Katsumi Yazaki in 1996. It is found on the island of Leyte in the Philippines.
The wingspan is 33–34 mm.
# Àngels Cardona Palmer

Àngels Cardona Palmer (born 1951 in Palma) is a Catalan language writer, teacher and social and cultural activist who was raised on Mallorca.

## Biography

Àngels Cardona Palmer was born in the neighborhood of Santa Catalina of Palma, Spain in 1951. After studying only in Spanish in a convent during the post-war period, in her maturity she decided to study again in her mother tongue, Catalan. She studied the works of Blai Bonet, Josep Maria Llompart, Maria Mercè Marçal, the writings by Clarice Lispector or Djuna Barnes, and the literary transgression of Charles Bukowski.
Àngels Cardona decided to pursue a career in poetry because, as she says, "it is for me the essentiality, the synthesis of truth that remains hidden in everyday life to find different languages to say the same things, to enrich thought and, consequently, our world". Her work is characterized for being written from a gender perspective. She has participated in the documentary Som elles ("We are they"), about female poets of Mallorca. She is currently a teacher at an institute in the center of Palma.
# Àngels Ribé

Àngels Ribé (born 1943 in Barcelona) is considered one of the most important Catalan conceptual artists of the 70s. With a strong international presence, she worked alongside such artists as Vito Acconci, Laurie Anderson, Gordon Matta-Clark, Lawrence Weiner, Hannah Wilke, Martha Wilson, Francesc Torres, and Krzysztof Wodiczko, among others.

## Biography

Ribé moved from Barcelona to Paris in 1966, and in 1969 began creating sculpture and installations, later actions and performances, working primarily with space and the body.
In 1972 Ribé moved to the United States, where she lived and worked for several months in Chicago before settling in New York City. She returned to Barcelona in 1980.

## Work

Ribe's work, contextualized in the conceptual art of the late 60s and 70s, utilized nontraditional material, which she gradually discarded to concentrate on the ephemeral—light and shadow—and the location of the body in space. In Catalonia, her work is in the collections of the Vila Casas Foundation and the Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art MACBA. Her work from 1969 to 1984 was the subject of a retrospective at MACBA in 2011.

### Main works

* Laberint (1969)
* Acció al parc (1969)
* Escuma (1969)
* 3 punts (1970–1973)
* Transport d'un raig de llum (1972)
* Invisible Geometry 3 (1973)
* Light Interaction and Wind Interaction (1973)
* N.A.M.E. (1974) Performance
* Véhicule (1974) Performance at la Galérie de Mont-real.
* Two Main Subjective Points on an Objective Trajectory (1975)
* Can't Go Home (1977)
* Amagueu les nines, que passen els lladres
* Triangle (1978)
* Ornamentació (1979)
* Paisatge (1983)

## Main exhibits

| Year | Title | Place | City |
| 1969 | Laberint | Centre Artístique de Verderonne | París |
| 1975 | Two Main subjective Pints on an Objective Trajectory | 3 Mercer St. Gallery | New York |
| 1977 | Can't Go Home | C Space Gallery | New York |
| 1977 | Amagueu les nines que passen els lladres | Galeria G | Barcelona |
| 1977 | El viatge: primera part: No es pot tornar | Espai Tres. Acadèmia de Belles Arts de Sabadell | Sabadell |
| 1978 | I demà encara plourà, encara que els elelfants tinguin por (perquè tenen els ulls petits) | Fundació Joan Miró | Barcelona |
| 1979 | E la forma | Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona | Bellaterra |
| 1979 | Ornamentació | Escola Universitària de Professorat | Sant Cugat del Vallès |
| 1979 | Ornamentation: the unrelated Object | C Space Gallery | New York |
| 1980 | Bajo el... | Sala de Cultura de la Caja de Ahorros de Pamplona | Pamplona |
| 1983 | Escultures | Espai 10, Fundació Miró | Barcelona |
| 1998 | Angels Ribé 1997 | Centre d'Art Santa Mònica. Espai Vau | Barcelona |
| 1998 | El terrat | Galeria Senda | Barcelona |
| 2003 | Àngels Ribé | Fundació Vila Casas, Espai VolART | Barcelona |
| 2011 | En el laberint. Àngels Ribé 1969-1984 | MACBA | Barcelona |

## Awards

* 2012 - Premi Nacional de Cultura
# Àrd Bheinn

Àrd Bheinn (meaning "high mountain") is a mountain on the Isle of Arran in western Scotland. It has an elevation of 512 m (1,680 ft) and a prominence of 143.8 m (472 ft) and is classed as a Dodd and a Highland Five.
The mountain is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) with an area of 458.7 ha (1.771 sq mi).
# Çanakpınar, Oltu

Çanakpınar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Oltu, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 84 (2022).
# Çardak, Yenişehir

Çardak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yenişehir, Bursa Province in Turkey. Its population is 254 (2022).
# Émile Chaline

Émile Jean Chaline (French pronunciation:; 22 February 1922 – 16 May 2020) was a French admiral and member of the French Resistance. A member of the Free French Naval Forces, he served his career with the French Navy at the rank of squadron vice-admiral.

## Biography

The son of Émile Chaline and Jeanne Le Saint, Chaline completed his secondary education at the Lycée de Brest. He graduated from the École Navale as an engineer, and then enrolled at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth in 1940.
Chaline joined the Free French Naval Forces on 1 July 1940 with the help of his uncle, Charles Chaline. He took part in the Battle of the Atlantic aboard the Léopard and was part of the Normandy landings in June 1944.
After World War II, Chaline was deputy to the head of the military cabinet of Prime Minister Georges Pompidou, and then was chief of the private staff of Pompidou as President. He then served as First Commander of the Naval Training Center in Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer. His rule at the school was nicknamed "Chalingrad" for his strictness. He was appointed Naval Attaché to the United States in 1974.
Chaline served as Maritime Prefect of Cherbourg-Octeville from 1979 to 1980. From 1988 to 2010, he chaired the Association of Free French Naval Forces.
Émile Chaline died on 16 May 2020 at the age of 98. Admiral Christophe Prazuck, Chief of Staff of the French Navy, paid tribute to him via Twitter.

## Decorations

* Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
* Grand Officer of the Ordre national du Mérite
* Croix de Guerre 1939-1945
* Croix de guerre des théâtres d'opérations extérieures
* Escapees' Medal
* Officer of the Ordre du Mérite Maritime
* Cross of the resistance volunteer combatant
* Commander of the Order of the Black Star
* Officer of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite
* Officer of the Order pro Merito Melitensi
* Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog

## Works

* Historique des Forces navales françaises libres (1990)
# Élizabeth Larouche

Élizabeth Larouche is a former Canadian politician, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2012 provincial election. She was defeated by Guy Bourgeois of the Quebec Liberal Party in the 2014 election. She represented the electoral district of Abitibi-Est as a member of the Parti Québécois caucus.