OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adriana Pesci

Adriana Irma Pesci is an Argentine applied mathematician and mathematical physicist at the University of Cambridge, specialising in fluid dynamics. Her research topics have included lattice models of polymer solutions, Hele-Shaw flow, flagellar motion of organisms in fluids, soap films on Möbius strips, and the Leidenfrost effect.

## Education and career

Pesci is originally from Argentina, and earned her Ph.D. in 1986 at the National University of La Plata in Argentina. She was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Chicago, under the mentorship of Leo Kadanoff and Norman Lebovitz.
She joined the University of Arizona as a lecturer in physics in 1999, becoming a senior lecturer in 2003. In 2007 she moved to the University of Cambridge, where she is a senior research associate in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, a fellow of King's College, and a former Darley Fellow in Mathematics of Downing College.

## Personal life

Pesci married Raymond E. Goldstein, a frequent coauthor who was also a postdoctoral researcher in Chicago and moved with her to Arizona and Cambridge.

## Selected publications

| A. | Madden, William G.; Pesci, Adriana I.; Freed, Karl F. (February 1990), "Phase equilibria of lattice polymer and solvent: tests of theories against simulations", Macromolecules, 23 (4): 1181–1191, Bibcode:1990MaMol..23.1181M, doi:10.1021/ma00206a042 |
| B. | Goldstein, Raymond E.; Pesci, Adriana I.; Shelley, Michael J. (May 1993), "Topology transitions and singularities in viscous flows", Physical Review Letters, 70 (20): 3043–3046, Bibcode:1993PhRvL..70.3043G, doi:10.1103/physrevlett.70.3043, PMID 10053761 |
| C. | Leptos, Kyriacos C.; Guasto, Jeffrey S.; Gollub, J. P.; Pesci, Adriana I.; Goldstein, Raymond E. (November 2009), "Dynamics of enhanced tracer diffusion in suspensions of swimming eukaryotic microorganisms", Physical Review Letters, 103 (19): 198103, Bibcode:2009PhRvL.103s8103L, doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.198103, PMID 20365957 |
| D. | Goldstein, Raymond E.; Moffatt, H. Keith; Pesci, Adriana I.; Ricca, Renzo L. (December 2010), "Soap-film Möbius strip changes topology with a twist singularity", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107 (51): 21979–21984, Bibcode:2010PNAS..10721979G, doi:10.1073/pnas.1015997107, PMC 3009808 |
| E. | Cousins, Thomas R.; Goldstein, Raymond E.; Jaworski, Justin W.; Pesci, Adriana I. (February 2012), "A ratchet trap for Leidenfrost drops", Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 696: 215–227, Bibcode:2012JFM...696..215C, doi:10.1017/jfm.2012.27, S2CID 49549285 |
# 'Arsh

ʿArsh (Arabic: عرش) is a sub-district located in the Al-Misrakh District, Taiz Governorate, Yemen. ʿArsh had a population of 9,569 according to the 2004 census.
# C.D. Curacao

Club Deportivo Curacao was a Honduran football club that played in the Honduran Liga Nacional from 1988–89 to 1989–90.
They played their home games at Estadio Tiburcio Carías Andino.

## Achievements

* Segunda División
       Winners (1): 1987–88
       Runners-up (4): 1976, 1980, 1982, 1985

## League performance

| Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Post season | Post season | Post season | Post season | Post season | Post season | Post season | Post season | Post season |
| Season | Pos | Pld | W | D | L | F | A | GD | Pts | Pos | Pld | W | D | L | F | A | GD | Pts |
| 1988–89 | 8th | 27 | 5 | 13 | 9 | 21 | 31 | −10 | 23 | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter |
| 1989–90 | 10th | 27 | 5 | 11 | 11 | 22 | 37 | −15 | 21 | R | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | −1 | 1 |

### Top scorers

* Eduardo Bennett (13)
* Carlos Humberto Lobo (12)
* Francisco "Pancho" Gonzalez ( )
# The Guardian (1844 Australian newspaper)

The Guardian : a weekly journal of politics, commerce, agriculture, literature, science and arts for the middle and working classes of New South Wales is a defunct Australian newspaper that was published in Sydney New South Wales, during 1844 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

## History

The newspaper began with the edition of Saturday March 16 1844, and continued in a run of twenty four editions before ceasing publication on 5 October 1844. The newspaper was published by James McEachern, brother of Robert S. McEachern, the proprietor of the Free Press and Commercial Journal and the Sydney Free Press.

## Digitisation

The various editions of the paper have been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program, a project hosted by the National Library of Australia.
# Vardar Army

The Vardar Army of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Vardar Ordusu) was one of the field armies under the command of the Western Army. It was formed during the mobilisation phase of the First Balkan War.

## Order of Battle, October 19, 1912

On October 19, 1912, the army was structured as follows:
* Vardar Army HQ (Serbian Front, concentration center: Kumanovo)
** V Corps
*** 13th Division, 15th Division, 16th Division
*** İştip Redif Division
** VI Corps
*** 17th Division, 18th Division
*** Manastır Redif Division, Drama Redif Division
** VII Corps
*** 19th Division
*** Üsküp Redif Division, Priştine Redif Division
** II Provisional Corps
*** Uşak Redif Division, Smyrna Redif Division, Denizli Redif Division
** Firzovik Detachment
** Taşlıca Detachment
** Independent Cavalry Division
*** 7th Cavalry Brigade, 8th Cavalry Brigade

## Order of Battle, November 12, 1912

On November 12, 1912, the army was structured as follows:
* Vardar Army HQ (Serbian Front, Monastir)
** Northern Group
*** V Corps
**** 13th Division
**** 15th Division
**** 5th Rifle Regiment
**** 26th Cavalry Regiment
**** 19th Artillery Regiment
*** VII Corps
**** 19th Division
**** İştip Redif Division
**** 17th Cavalry Regiment
** Southern Group
*** VI Corps
**** 16th Division
**** 18th Division
**** 6th Rifle Regiment
** Southeastern Group
*** 17th Division
*** Manastır Redif Division
** Independent Cavalry Brigade

## Order of Battle, November 16, 1912

On November 16, 1912, the army was structured as follows:
* Vardar Army HQ (Serbian Front, Monastir)
** Left Flank Offensive Corps
*** VI Corps
**** 16th Division
**** 19th Division
**** Fethi Bey Detachment
**** Independent Cavalry Brigade
** Right Flank Defensive Corps
*** VII Corps
**** İştip Redif Division
*** V Corps
**** 13th Division
**** 15th Division
**** 18th Division

## Sources

* ↑ Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 170.
* ↑ Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 188.
* ↑ Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 191.
# William Turnbull Jr.

William Turnbull Jr., FAIA, (April 1, 1935 – June 26, 1997) was an American Bay Area architect whose unique building designs challenged the more traditional architecture of California's West Coast. His design style is most closely associated with the Sea Ranch community in Sonoma County, California. The Baker House (1968), within that community, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Career

Born in New York City in 1935, Turnbull was raised in Far Hills, New Jersey. Both of Turnbull's parents were architects, as was his great-grandfather George B. Post, who designed the New York Stock Exchange Building, Turnbull studied architecture at Princeton, graduating in 1956. Upon completion of college, he moved to San Francisco and was employed at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. Turnbull worked on a Big Sur revitalization project, which may have had a factor in developing his lifelong connection to California.
Turnbull's professional start was in the early 1960s with the development of the iconic Sea Ranch community in Sonoma County. Turnbull's co-design team included Charles Moore, Donlyn Lyndon, and Richard Whitaker, all of whom Turnbull knew from his days at Princeton, as well as Lawrence Halprin and Joseph Esherick. Turnbull had a long-term association and friendship with the architectural photographer Morley Baer who photographed many of his projects, including Sea Ranch. In addition to the Sea Ranch development, Turnbull was a contributor to Kresge College, the University of California, Santa Cruz, the Foothill Student housing complex at University of California, Berkeley, and St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church in Sonoma County, the latter of which he worked on with his wife and fellow architect Mary Griffin.

## Personal life

Turnbull was married twice and fathered four children. In 1985 he married Mary Griffin, his second wife, who remained with him until his death. Turnbull designed his own winery vineyard, Johnson-Turnbull, which culminated after years of interest in wine-making. Turnbull died of cancer in his home in Sausalito, California on June 26, 1997. His wife, along with fellow architect Eric Haesloop, assumed operations of the "William Turnbull Associates" firm upon his death and continue to practice under the corporate name "Turnbull Griffin Haesloop".

## Selected bibliography

* William Turnbull Jr: buildings in the landscape (with William Stout, Dung Ngo, and Lauri Puchall) William Stout Publishers (2000)
* The poetics of gardens (with Charles W. Moore and William J. Mitchell) MIT Press (1993) ISBN 0-262-63153-9
# Upogebia pugettensis

Upogebia pugettensis, also known as the blue mud shrimp, is a species of mud lobster from the West Coast of North America.

## Description

Upogebia pugettensis has an elongated and broad abdomen, including a well-developed tail fin (uropods). The shrimp measure up to 11 cm long in adulthood. Its snout (rostrum) is hairy and includes 3 teeth. They eat detritus which they bring into their burrow using their pleopods. Upogebia pugettensis is the host of many parasites: Pseudopythina rugifera, Phyllodurus abdominalis, and Orthione griffenis.

## Distribution

Upogebia pugettensis is found from Valdez Narrows, Alaska, to Morro Bay, California. South of Morro Bay, U. macginitieorum, a very similar species to U. pugettensis, is found.

## Ecology

Upogebia pugettensis lives in Y- or U-shaped burrows (0.6 to 1 m (2.0 to 3.3 ft) deep) that are located in inter-tidal mud flats, and they usually live in pairs. They can tolerate brackish water down to 10% seawater salinity. With their burrows, they've been known to disrupt commercial oyster beds. Their burrows are important dwellings for many species, including the arrow goby, hooded shrimp, Scleroplax granulata, pea crabs, and clams.
One common predator to these benthic shrimp are the pacific staghorn sculpin. Parasites are also common, particularly the red copepod, which lives on the outside of the body. Another common parasite in Oregon's Yaquina Bay is Orthione griffenis. This blood-sucking parasite can castrate females and has been shown to lower the weights of infested hosts by an average of 7.8%.

## Population decline

Upogebia pugettensis is currently facing a serious threat from the non-native isopod parasite Orthione griffenis (Markham, 2004). Female Upogebia pugettensis are infested with the parasite more than their male counterparts (80% compared to 57%). Female Orthione griffenis attach themselves to the gill of the shrimp. They then consume the blood of the host, which causes a metabolic burdening effect that greatly hampers reproductive ability. This has caused the decline.
In 2017 the infestation was found to have extended into British Columbia.
# The Great Railway Bazaar

The Great Railway Bazaar: By Train Through Asia is a travelogue by American novelist Paul Theroux, first published in 1975. It recounts Theroux's four-month journey by train in 1973 from London through Europe, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and his return via the Trans-Siberian Railway. The first part of the route, to India, followed what was then known as the hippie trail. It is widely regarded as a classic in the genre of travel writing. It sold 1.5 million copies upon release.
In the book, Theroux explored themes such as colonialism, American imperialism, poverty, and ignorance. These were embedded in his accounts of sights and sounds he experienced as well as his conversation with other people such as his fellow travelers. It included elements of fiction such as descriptions of places, situations, and people, reflecting the author's own thoughts and outlook. Contemporaneous reviews noted how his background allowed him the breadth of insights to authoritatively describe people even when there are instances when he committed ethnic generalizations. Prior to the publication of The Great Railway Bazaar, Theroux lived in Africa, Singapore, and England.
In a 2013 article, Theroux outlined several inspirations that led him to embark on his journey and publish his experiences. These include his fascination for trains, which offered what he described as an opportunity to break monotony as well as a respite from work. He wrote:
   I could think clearly on the London trains and when, on the rare occasions, I travelled out of London – on the Exeter line via Sherborne, Yeovil, and Crewkerne, to visit my in‑laws, or on the Flying Scotsman on a journalistic assignment, my spirits revived and I saw with clarity that it might be possible to conceive a book based on a long railway journey.

## Sequel

In 2006, Theroux retraced the journey, finding that people and places had changed, and that while his earlier work was known in many places, he was not recognised in person. His account of this second journey was published as Ghost Train to the Eastern Star.
# William B. Ewald Jr.

William B. Ewald Jr. (December 8, 1925 – March 16, 2015) was an American speechwriter for Dwight Eisenhower. He worked at the White House until 1961, and then for the chairman of IBM, until 1988. Ewald authored several histories of the Eisenhower presidency, which led to a critical reassessment of those years.
He graduated from Washington University in St. Louis (BA) and Harvard University (PhD).
He died of a respiratory failure at age 89.
# Variaș oil field

The Variaș oil field is an oil field located in Variaș, Timiș County. It was discovered in 1968 and developed by Petrom. It began production in 1970 and produces oil. The total proven reserves of the Variaș oil field are around 40 million barrels (5.4×10$^6$tonnes), and production is centered on 1,000 barrels per day (160 m$^3$/d).
# Colombo Centre

38°45′16″N 9°11′18″W﻿ / ﻿38.75444°N 9.18833°W﻿ / 38.75444; -9.18833
The Colombo Centre (Centro Colombo in Portuguese) is a shopping mall located in the parish of Carnide in Lisbon and attracts many visitors. It is situated next to the Lusíada avenue and the Segunda Circular; there is a bus terminal next to the building and the Lisbon Metro station Colégio Militar/Luz allows visitors easy access to Colombo.

## History

It opened on 15 September 1997.
The architecture of the space, as well as its original decoration, was themed to the Age of Discovery, one of the most important periods in the history of Portugal. The squares and hallways inside the mall have names alluding to the Elizabethan era, such as "Avenue of the Discoveries" and "Square Tropic of Cancer". From 2007 and 2009, the mall renovated its interior design completely, mixing contemporary concepts with the originals.
This mall has been designed with environmental concerns in mind, therefore it has implemented several policies towards energy saving, waste recycling and others.

## Shops

It has shoe shining, clothing stores, food stores, stationery stores, a chapel, and a supermarket. Additionally there are 9 cinema screens, a bowling alley, an outdoor garden and over 60 restaurants. It is the biggest shopping mall of the Iberian Peninsula by total number of stores. It has more stores than any other shopping mall in Portugal, having stores such as Fnac, Zara, Sport Zone, Adidas Originals and the largest Primark store in Portugal.
The mall has 119 725 m$^2$ and 340 stores.
The Towers of Colombo, which were seen in the initial project as an integral part of the Centro Colombo, were only started in 2007 due to an embargo by the Lisbon city council, which was ultimately decided in court. "Torre Oriente" (East Tower) was finished first and "Torre Ocidente" (West Tower) finished in 2011.
# USS Walke

Three ships in the United States Navy have been named for Rear Admiral Henry A. Walke.
* USS Walke (DD-34) was a Paulding-class destroyer, launched in 1910 and decommissioned in 1919 after service in World War I.
* USS Walke (DD-416) was a Sims-class destroyer, launched in 1939 and sunk in battle on 15 November 1942.
* USS Walke (DD-723) was an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer, launched in 1943 and decommissioned in 1970.
# William Pitt (singer)

William Pitt (William Frederick Pate) is an American-born pop singer whose single "City Lights" became a hit in several European countries in 1987.

## Biography

William Pitt started singing and playing guitar in 1955 when he acquired a Sears Roebuck Harmony guitar. During the 1980s, while living in Paris, William Pitt was signed to a record deal by music producer Pascal Wüthrich.
William Pitt's single "City Lights" became a hit on its first release in France, in 1986. After this, it became a hit in several other European countries following a re-release in 1987. In the Netherlands, "City Lights" reached the Top 20. The song was a disco hit in Italy during the summer of 1986, and reached the charts in 1987, peaking at 17. William Pitt's follow-up single "Funny Girl" only made it to the lower regions of the German and Belgium charts. A comeback single was released in 1990.

## Discography
### Singles

| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Year | Title | AUT | BEL | FRA | GER | NLD | SPA | SWI | UK |
| 1986 | "City Lights" | — | — | 47 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1987 | "City Lights" (re-release) | 16 | 14 | — | 15 | 15 | 5 | 13 | 94 |
| 1987 | "Funny Girl" | — | 15 | — | 64 | — | — | — | — |
| 1990 | "Such a Lonely Night (I'm Crazy to Leave You)" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart. ||||||||||
# Plocamaphis

Plocamaphis is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Aphididae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
Species:
* Plocamaphis amerinae (Hartig, 1841)
* Plocamaphis assetacea Zhang & Guangxue, 1981
# The Forgotten (Wiesel novel)

The Forgotten (French: L'oublié "the forgotten one") is a novel by Elie Wiesel, published in 1992 in French. Summit Books published and English edition in 1992. It follows two men, Elhanan Rosenbaum, and his son Malkiel. Elhanan is suffering from an incurable disease that causes him to lose his memory slowly, something like amnesia. Elhanan tells Malkiel the story of his past before he forgets it all. Malkiel is compelled to go to the village in Romania where his father failed to stop a crime from occurring, a memory that continues to haunt him. Malkiel encounters the truth about his father and attempts to deal with the past.
# William Chamberlin

William Chamberlin may refer to:
* William Henry Chamberlin (1897–1969), American historian and journalist
* William Henry Chamberlin (philosopher) (1870–1921), American theologian and Mormon philosopher
* William Chamberlain (politician) (1755–1828), Vermont politician who signed his name "Chamberlin"
# USS Wakulla

USS Wakulla is a name used more than once by the United States Navy:
* USS Wakulla (ID-3147), a cargo ship in commission from 1918 to 1919
* USS Wakulla (AOG-44), a gasoline tanker in commission from 1945 to 1946
# Willis E. Mollison

Willis Elbert Mollison (1859—1924) was an American teacher, newspaper editor, politician, banker, businessman, lawyer, public official, and civil rights advocate in Mississippi. He was a Republican.

## Early life and education

Willis Elbert Mollison was born on September 15, 1859 in Mayersville, Mississippi. Martha née Gibson and Robert Mollison were his parents. He studied at Fisk University's college preparatory school, and Oberlin College (class of 1883).

## Career

He wrote a book The Leading Afro-Americans of Vicksburg, Miss., Their Enterprises, Churches, Schools, Lodges and Societies (1908), about prominent African Americans in Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Mollison was the president of Lincoln Park Land Company, a stockholder in the Lincoln Savings Bank of Vicksburg. He was also the director of the Mound Bayou Oil Mill and Manufacturing Company in Mound Bayou.
Mollison published The Golden Rule a four-page weekly newspaper in Vicksburg, Mississippi. He was also the owner of the National Star newspaper. He moved to Chicago in 1917.
He died on May 11, 1924.
His son, Irvin C. Mollison also was a lawyer and served as president of the Bar Association of Cook County, Illinois.
# Bealanana

Bealanana is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in western Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Bealanana, which is a part of Sofia Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 14,000 in 2001 commune census.
Bealanana is served by a local airport. In addition to primary schooling the town offers secondary education at both junior and senior levels. The town provides access to hospital services to its citizens.
The majority 92% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 1% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are sugarcane, maize and onions. Services provide employment for 6% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 1% of the population.
The Tsaratanana Reserve is located 57 km north of this town.

## Roads

Bealanana is connected with the rest of the country by the RN 31 that leads from Bealanana to the junction with the RN 6 near Andrafia.

## Sports

* AFC Motul Bealanana (football champion of Sofia 2012)
# Gorewang Kgamane

Gorewang Kgamane was the Bamangwato chief from 1925 until his death in 1931. His leadership followed a period of transition within the Bamangwato chieftaincy, and upon his death, the chieftainship was restored to the Khama family, who had historically held power within the tribe.

## Leadership and succession

During his reign as chief, Gorewang Kgamane played a key role in overseeing the Bamangwato community. However, his leadership was relatively brief, and after his death in 1931, the chieftainship was returned to the Khama dynasty.
Following his death, Gorewang's cousin, Sediegeng Kgamane, was appointed to act on behalf of Seretse Khama, who was too young to assume the chieftainship at the time. Sediegeng acted as a regent, maintaining stability within the tribe until Seretse Khama's son, Ian Khama, eventually became chief.

## Historical context

The Bamangwato, one of the largest ethnic groups in Botswana, have a long history of leadership under the Khama family. Gorewang Kgamane’s reign represents a brief interlude in the Khama dynasty's rule. His cousin's role as a regent continued the pattern of strong, familial governance within the tribe.