OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Troels Svane

Troels Svane (born 1967) is a Danish cellist. He is a part of the Zapolski Quartet. He studied with David Geringas at the Lübeck Academy of Music in Germany. He graduated from the soloist class with distinction and the highest grade in all subjects. He was taught by Anner Bylsma, Frans Helmerson, Ralph Kirshbaum, György Ligeti, Yo-Yo Ma, Siegfried Palm, Boris Pergamenschikow, Mstislav Rostropovich, Daniil Shafran, Paul Tortelier and the Amadeus Quartet.
After high school he was appointed co-principal cellist of the Copenhagen Philharmonic at the age of 18. He won prizes at national and international competitions and received numerous scholarships. As a soloist he has performed with most Danish orchestras and with orchestras in England, Germany, Holland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden and Switzerland.
As a recitalist and member of the Copenhagen Trio and the Menuhin Festival Piano Quartet, Svane played concerts all over Europe, Australia, Asia, South America and the United States. He performed with Yuri Bashmet, Thomas Brandis, Zakhar Bron, Ulf Hoelscher, Karl Leister and the Zehetmair Quartet.
He has recorded more than 40 CDs including the complete works for cello and piano by Beethoven, Rachmaninov and Reger.
Svane was the assistant to David Geringas for 11 years before he was appointed professor for violoncello at the Lübeck Academy of Music in 2004. He has a cello class at the Hochschule für Musik "Hanns Eisler" in Berlin. Svane has given master classes in Australia, Asia, Ukraine, South America and in numerous European countries and was a jury member at international competitions. His students were prize winners at competitions like the Rostropovich Competition in Paris and the ARD International Music Competition in Munich.
# Transdev Wellington

Transdev Wellington is the operator of Wellington's Metlink rail network in New Zealand. The entity is a partnership of Transdev Australasia and Hyundai Rotem, who were awarded the contract to operate and maintain the commuter rail system in December 2015 by the Greater Wellington Regional Council. The contract commenced on 3 July 2016, taking over from KiwiRail division Tranz Metro.

## Background

The Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) put the contract for the operation of Wellington's metropolitan commuter rail services out to tender in 2015. Bids were received from a Keolis Downer/KiwiRail joint venture, Serco and a Transdev Australasia/Hyundai Rotem joint venture. In December 2015, the Transdev Australasia/Hyundai Rotem joint venture was announced as the preferred bidder.
The contract runs for nine years from 1 July 2016. The contract has two three-year extension options, taking its potential total length to 15 years. Extensions are subject to the achievement of performance targets including on-time performance and customer satisfaction. GWRC stated that the contract is to provide savings to ratepayers of around $100m over the 15 years.
In November 2017, the first strike on Wellington's network in 24 years occurred.

## Operations

Most of Tranz Metro's 400 operational staff were re-employed by Transdev Wellington.

### Rolling stock

Most rolling stock used on the Wellington suburban network is owned by the GWRC and leased to the current operator. The fleet comprises:
* 83 FP/FT "Matangi" class electric multiple units (Johnsonville, Hutt Valley, Kapiti and Melling lines)
* 18 SW class carriages (Wairarapa Connection)
* 6 SE class carriages (Wairarapa Connection)
* 1 AG class baggage/generator van (Wairarapa Connection)
Transdev contracts KiwiRail on a "hook-and-tow" basis for the DFB class diesel-electric locomotives that haul the Wairarapa Connection services.
# Tetiana Buhaiko

Tetiana Fedorivna Buhaiko (25 June 1898 — 25 October 1972) was a Ukrainian literary critic and teacher. Honored Teacher of the Ukrainian SSR (1940), Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences (1957), and Professor (1958).

## Early life and education

Tetiana Buhaiko was born on 25 June 1898 in Yerevan. In 1915, she successfully graduated from the gymnasium and entered the historical and philosophical faculty of the Moscow Higher Courses for Women. In 1917, Buhaiko returned to the Sumy region of the Ukrainian SSR and got a job as a teacher of the preparatory class of the Romny Real School.
Since 1925, Buhaiko taught Ukrainian language and literature at Romny secondary school. She combined work with studying at the Poltava Institute of Social Education, graduating in 1931. In 1935, Buhaiko graduated from the Nizhyn Pedagogical Institute.

## Career

Since 1936, Buhaiko worked as a researcher at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Pedagogy. Since 1939, Buhaiko taught at the Kyiv Pedagogical Institute and part-time at secondary school No. 59. Working at the Ukrainian Research Institute, she successfully defended her Ph.D. thesis in 1946.
From 1951 to 1954, she worked as the editor-in-chief of the magazine "Literature in the School" (later "Dyvoslovo") and the editor of the republican scientific and methodical collection "Methods of Teaching Literature."
In 1957, Buhaiko was awarded the scientific degree of Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences and the title of professor the following year. Since 1957, she has been the head of the Department of Language and Literature Methodology of the Kyiv Pedagogical Institute, named after Maksim Gorky (now National Pedagogical Drahomanov University).
Tetiana Buhaiko died on 25 October 1972 in Kyiv.

## Scientific contribution

Buhaiko is the author of more than 200 scientific works related to the methodology of teaching literature in secondary school, as well as textbooks for students and teachers. Among others, she compiled a textbook on Ukrainian literature for the 7th grade, which went through nine editions - from 1940 to 1952. Buhaiko was also engaged in developing tasks on the works of Taras Shevchenko for students of distance high schools.

## Personal life

Tetiana Buhaiko had a husband Fedir Buhaiko who was also a pedagogue and an academic.

## Awards and honors

* Honored Teacher of the Ukrainian SSR (1940)
* Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (1946)
* Order of Lenin (1961)
* Medal of Anton Semenovych Makarenko (1967)
* Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1970)
# Pierre Hyacinthe Azaïs

Pierre Hyacinthe Azaïs (1 March 1766 – 22 January 1845) was a French philosopher.

## Life

Azaïs was born at Sorèze and died in Paris. He spent his early years as a teacher and a village organist. At the outbreak of the French Revolution he viewed it with favor, but was soon disgusted at the violence of its methods. A critical pamphlet drew upon him the hatred of the revolutionists, and it was not until 1806 that he was able to settle in Paris. In 1809 he published his great work, Des Compensations dans les destines humaines (5th ed. 1846), which pleased Napoleon so much that he made its author professor at St Cyr. In 1811 he became inspector of the public library at Avignon, and from 1812 to 1815 he held the same position at Nancy. The Restoration government at first suspected him as a Bonapartist, but at length granted him a pension. From that time he occupied himself in lecturing and the publication of philosophical works.
In the Compensations he sought to prove that, on the whole, happiness and misery are equally balanced, and therefore that men should accept the government which is given them rather than risk the horrors of revolution. Le principe de l'inégalité naturelle et essentielle dans les destinées humaines conduit inevitablement au fanatisme revolutionnaire ou au fanatisme religieux.; The principles of compensation and equilibrium are found also in the physical universe, the product of matter and force, whose cause is God. Force, naturally expansive and operating on the homogeneous atoms which constitute elemental matter, is subject to the law of equilibrium, or equivalence of action and reaction. The development of phenomena under this law may be divided into three stages: the physical, the physiological, the intellectual and moral. The immaterial in man is the expansive force inherent in him. Moral and political phenomena are the result of the opposing forces of progress and preservation, and their perfection lies in the fulfilment of the law of equilibrium or universal harmony. This may be achieved in seven thousand years, when man will vanish from the world. In an additional five thousand, a similar equilibrium will obtain in the physical sphere, which will then itself pass away.
In addition to his philosophical work, Azaïs studied music under his father, Pierre Hyacinthe Azaïs (1743-1796), professor of music at Sorèze and Toulouse, and composer of sacred music in the style of Gossec. He wrote for the Revue musicale a series of articles entitled Acoustique fondamentale (1831), containing an ingenious, but now exploded, theory of the vibration of the air.
The son's other works are: Système universel (8 vols., 1812); Du Sort de l'homme (3 vols., 1820); Cours de philosophie (8 vols., 1824), reproduced as Explication universelle (3 vols., 1826–1828); Jeunesse, maturité, religion, philosophie (1837); De la phrénologie, du magnétisme, et de la folie (1843).
# Par

Par or PAR may refer to:

## Finance

* Par value, stated value or face value in finance and accounting
* Par yield or par rate, in finance

## Games

* Par (score), the number of strokes a proficient golfer should require to complete a hole, round or tournament.
* Par (golf scoring format), an alternative to Stableford and normal stroke play
* Par contract, in contract bridge

## Organizations
### Businesses

* Pan Am Railways, an American holding company
* Par Pharmaceutical, now part of Endo International
* PaR Systems, an American automation company

### Political parties

* Aragonese Party (Partido Aragonés, PAR), Spain
* Movement For! (Kustība Par!), Latvia
* Party for the Restructured Antilles (Partido Antiá Restrukturá, PAR), Curaçao
* Revolutionary Action Party ('Partido Acción Revolucionaria', PAR), Guatemala

### Other organizations

* Parkinson Association of the Rockies, a not-for-profit organization
* Pretoria Armoured Regiment, an armour regiment of the South African Army

## Places

* Par, Cornwall, England
** Par railway station
* Par, Iran
* Par, Vologda Oblast, Russia
* Par, Tibet
* Philippine Area of Responsibility, a weather monitoring area in the northwest Pacific
* Paraguay, IOC country code
* Parkesburg station, Pennsylvania, U.S., station code PAR
* Parliament railway station, Melbourne
* PAR, IATA airport code for the metropolitan area of Paris, France
* Par River (disambiguation), the name of several rivers

## Science and technology
### Biology and medicine

* Par (fly), a signal fly in the family Platystomatidae
* Photosynthetically active radiation, a range of solar radiation
* Post-anesthesia recovery, part of a hospital
* Predictive adaptive response in biology
* Protease-activated receptors PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, PAR4
* Pseudoautosomal regions on sex chromosomes

### Computing

* par (command), a text formatting utility for Unix
* Page address register, containing physical addresses
* Perl Archive Toolkit, a deployment tool
* Personal Animation Recorder, video capture for Amiga computers
* Pixel aspect ratio, in digital imaging
* .par, .par2, .par3, filename extensions of Parchive

### Other uses in science and technology

* Parabolic aluminized reflector, PAR lamp or PAR, a type of electric lamp
* Participatory action research, a social sciences research approach
* Passive autocatalytic recombiner, device that removes hydrogen from a nuclear power plant during an accident
* Par meter, to measure peak-to-average ratio in an electrical circuit
* Precision approach radar, a radar aircraft guidance system
# Urmson & Thompson

Urmson & Thompson was a company that manufactured stationary steam engines. It was based in Oldham, Lancashire, England. The company were general millwrights, also producing some steam engines during the 19th century and after 1904 produced large steam-driven engines for textile mills in Oldham.

## History

John Urmson and John E Thompson started business in 1865 in Hathershaw, Oldham. While Urmson was a trained engineer who had worked at Woolstenhulmes & Rye, Thompson is thought to have contributed capital. Thompson died in 1882, and Urmson with his sons John and Andrew continued the business. On the sons' death in 1888 the firm was incorporated, and continued until 1933.
The firm operated out of the Hathershaw Foundry. Initially millwrights, in the 1870s they started making stationary steam engines as well. From 1904 they made a series of large mill engines. The largest was a 2000ihp engine for Ace Mill Co. Ltd., Chadderton in 1914. This was erected in 1919.
The later engines were large. Arthur Roberts reported that Hartford Mill was powered by an 1800 hp twin-tandem compound engine by Urmson and Thompson, built in 1907. It was steamed at 160 psi at 68 rpm. It had a 5 ft stroke driving a 24 ft flywheel. The transmission method was a rope drive using 40 ropes. The engine was reputed to be the only twin-tandem that Urmson & Thompson built. It had two 30" diameter HP (high-pressure) cylinders at the rear, and two 60" LP (low-pressure) cylinders in front. There were Corliss valves on all cylinders. The air pumps were driven from each crosshead. There was a Whitehead governor. The engine cost £5400 and the three boilers cost £1900.

## Mills driven by Urmson & Thompson engines

Urmson & Thompson produced mill engines in the boom years of the 1870s, and millwrighted (i.e. produced the bevelled gear shafts) for mills such as Nile Mill, Chadderton. The period 1904–1914 was productive, when they created engines rating a total of 14,300 ihp for nine Oldham mills:
* Parkfield Mill, Oldham – 1874
* Hollinwood Mill, Failsworth – 1874
* Honeywell Mill, Oldham – 1874
* Copster Mill – 1904
* Hartford Mill, Werneth – 1907
* Gorse Mill, Chadderton – 1908
* Ace Mill, Chadderton – 1914 (aka Gorse No.2 Mill)
* Falcon Mill, Chadderton – 1915
# Tuomas

Tuomas is a male given name common in Finland. It is the Finnish version of the name Thomas. Common variations of Tuomas in Finland include Tuomo, Toomas, Tomas and Thoma. The nameday is the 21st of December. As of 2013 there are more than 32,000 people with this name in Finland.

## Notable people

Some notable people who have this name include:
* Tuomas Aho, Finnish footballer
* Tuomas Anhava, Finnish writer
* Tuomas Bryggari (1881-1964), Finnish politician
* Tuomas Enbuske, Finnish radio and TV presenter and journalist
* Tuomas Gerdt, Finnish Knight of the Mannerheim Cross
* Tuomas Grönman, retired ice hockey player
* Tuomas Haapala, Finnish footballer
* Tuomas Holopainen, Finnish musician
* Tuomas Hoppu [fi], Finnish historian
* Tuomas Huhtanen, Finnish ice hockey left winger
* Tuomas W. Hyrskymurto, Finnish merchant and communist
* Tuomas Kansikas, Finnish footballer
* Tuomas Kantelinen, Finnish composer
* Tuomas Ketola, Finnish former tennis player
* Tuomas Kiiskinen, Finnish ice hockey player
* Tuomas Kuparinen, Finnish football player
* Tuomas Kyrö, Finnish author and cartoonist
* Tuomas Kytömäki, Finnish actor
* Tuomas Latikka, Finnish football player
* Tuomas Markkula, Finnish footballer
* Tuomas Nieminen, Finnish long track speed skater
* Tuomas Tarkki, Finnish ice hockey goaltender
* Tuomas Peltonen, Finnish footballer
* Tuomas Pihlman, Finnish ice hockey player
* Tuomas Planman, Finnish musician
* Tuomas Rannankari, Finnish footballer
* Tuomas Rantanen, Finnish musician
* Tuomas Sammelvuo, Finnish volleyball player
* Tuomas Santavuori, Finnish professional ice hockey forward
* Tuomas Seppälä, Finnish musician
* Tuomas Suominen, Finnish ice hockey player
* Tuomas Vänttinen, Finnish ice hockey player
* Tuomas Vohlonen, Finnish inventor

### As a middle name

* Toni Tuomas Keränen (born 1998)Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets, Finnish javelin thrower
# Tropodiaptomus ctenopus

Tropodiaptomus ctenopus is an extinct species of calanoid copepod in the family Diaptomidae.
The IUCN conservation status of Tropodiaptomus ctenopus is "EX". The IUCN status was reviewed in 1996.
# CL 16

The CL 16, or CL16, is a Canadian sailing dinghy that was designed by Ian Proctor (1918-1992), Graham Dodd and George Blanchard, as a cruiser and daysailer, and first built in 1968.
The CL 16 is a development of Proctor's 1957 Wayfarer design and is identical in dimensions and shape, with differences only in interior details. Proctor considered it an unauthorized copy.

## Production

The design was first built by C&L Boatworks in 1968 in Belleville, Ontario and more recently in Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada. It is no longer in production.

## Design

Henry Croce and Ken Lofthouse of Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia started as importers of the wooden Wayfarer, until a labour strike in the UK cut off the supply. They had the boat adapted for fibreglass construction and started their own production line as C&L. Ian Proctor considered it an unauthorized copy of the Wayfarer.
The CL 16 is a recreational sailboat, built predominantly of fibreglass, with mahogany wood trim. It has double-chined; planing hull; a fractional sloop rig; a raked stem; a plumb transom; a transom-hung, kick-up, fibreglass rudder with an aluminum head, controlled by a tiller and a retractable centreboard. Unusually for a dinghy the mainsail is equipped with one set of reefing points. The boat displaces 365 lb (166 kg).
The boat has a draft of 3.83 ft (1.17 m) with the centreboard extended and 0.67 ft (0.20 m) with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer.
A motor bracket is a factory option, to allow the boat to be fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and manoeuvring.
The boat is designed to be sailed by a crew of two, but can accommodate up to six people.
For sailing the design may be equipped with a spinnaker and a trapeze.

## Operational history

In a review the Outer Harbour Centreboard Club wrote:
   [T]he 16 has proven itself to be a remarkable dinghy that is able to perform as well as it can last. Every 16 was built to last for the long haul; hand laid up using the best materials, outfitted with high quality durable rigging and fittings and backed by the builder ... This unchanged design is the 16's greatest selling point – a product that has lasted more than 40 years relatively unchanged obviously is the right design and allows for all CL16s no matter what year to compete and its sailors are able to talk about every boat with out worrying. The continuity of the 16 assures resale value should that time come. The present day 16 is an attractive well mannered proper little sailboat.
# Tethlimmena aliena

Tethlimmena aliena is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1872.
# Ray Barry

Ray Barry may refer to:
* Ray Barry (hurler) (born 1972), Irish hurler
* Ray Barry (ice hockey) (1928–2018), American-born Canadian hockey player
# Parham Airfield Museum

Parham Airfield Museum comprises both the 390th Bombardment Group Memorial Air Museum together with the Museum of the British Resistance Organisation, and occupies the Control tower and adjacent buildings on the former RAF Framlingham airfield near the village of Parham, Suffolk, in England.

## 390th Bombardment Group Memorial Air Museum

RAF Framlingham was occupied by the USAAF 390th Bombardment Group from 1943 to 1945, and was also identified as USAAF Station AAF-153. After World War II in Europe ended, the runways at RAF Framlingham were broken up and buildings were allowed to deteriorate. In 1976 a five-year restoration programme began to restore the control tower, shot up and abandoned after the Americans held a riotous farewell party there in August 1945. The restored tower was finally dedicated as the 390th Bombardment Group Memorial Air Museum on 13 May 1981. Exhibits focus on the history of the U.S 8th Air Force, the Royal Air Force and the German Luftwaffe in the Second World War. Displays include recovered Second World War aircraft engines, parts of Allied and German aircraft, uniforms, photographs, documents, combat records, paintings and memorabilia.

## Museum of the British Resistance Organisation

The Museum of the British Resistance Organisation was created in 1997, with the opening ceremony being carried out by Lieutenant Colonel J.W. Stuart Edmundsun, TD, RE, one of the founders of the nondescript ‘Most Secret’ GHQ. The museum is located in a Quonset hut adjacent to the control tower, and is dedicated to the Auxiliary Units, one of Britain’s nine secret services of World War II, alongside better known clandestine organisations such as the Security Service (MI5), the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), and the Special Operations Executive.
In case the Germans succeeded in invading Britain, the men and women of the Auxiliary Units were trained to operate as the British underground resistance. They were to remain undetected in carefully constructed bunkers (Operating Bases - OBs) as the invading German Army made its way through Britain.
The museum includes a replica underground Operational Base, as well as photographs, special weapons such as time pencil fuses and other explosives, dead letter boxes, agent instruction papers, and information about the special radio communications network installed by the Royal Corps of Signals.
# Adam Faul

Adam Faul (18 April 1929 – 19 March 2016) was a Canadian boxer. He competed in the men's heavyweight event at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was inducted into the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame in 1976.

## 1948 Olympic results

Below is the record of Adam Faul, a Canadian heavyweight boxer who competed at the 1948 London Olympics:
* Round of 32: bye
* Round of 16: defeated Victor Bignon (Chile) on points
* Quarterfinal: lost to Gunnar Nilsson (Sweden) on points
# The Season at Sarsaparilla

The Season at Sarsaparilla: a charade of suburbia in 2 acts is a 1962 play by Australian writer Patrick White.
It concerns three households, the Pogsons, the Boyles, and the Knotts, in the fictional suburb of Sarsaparilla. This play was written shortly after the first performance of earlier play The Ham Funeral and while Riders in the Chariot was being prepared for publication.
The Season at Sarsaparilla premiered in 1962 directed by John Tasker for the Adelaide University Theatre Guild in association with the Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust. This was the basis for a 1963 professional production at Sydney's Theatre Royal, presented by J.C. Williamson's.
Other major productions have included:
* a 1962 Union Theatre Repertory Company (Melbourne) production directed by John Sumner
* a 1976 Old Tote Theatre Company (Sydney) production directed by Jim Sharman
* a 1984 State Theatre Company of South Australia (Adelaide) production directed by Neil Armfield
* a 2007 Sydney Theatre Company production directed by Benedict Andrews (which was nominated for the 2007 Helpmann Award for Best Play)