OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sant'Elena, Venice

Sant'Elena, also sometimes called Santa Lena, is a Gothic-style, Roman Catholic church at the extreme east end of the sestiere of Castello in the City of Venice, Italy.

## History

This site was once the island of Sant'Elena, which was not then accessible by foot from the city; it now represents the east end of Venice. The first chapel at this location was built by Augustinian monks in 1028 and dedicated to Saint Helene from Auxerre. By 1175, they had built a convent and hospital. In 1211, the body of Saint Helena of Constantinople was putatively transported to Venice from Constantinople by the monk Aicardo from this monastery. They added a chapel for her relics to the church. In 1407, the convent had fallen to ruin, and the complex was affiliated with the Olivetani order. In 1810, the church was deconsecrated under Napoleonic rule.
The urn putatively containing St Helen's remains was supposedly hidden in the Basilica of San Pietro in Castello, and the Renaissance portal of the church was transferred to the church of Sant'Aponal.
Sant'Elena was reconsecrated in 1928 and granted to the Servite Order. The urn of St. Helena was returned, the bell tower was rebuilt, and the original portal replaced. The main altarpiece, depicting the Adoration of the Magi with Saint Helena, was relocated to the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan during the Napoleonic era, and remains there today.

## Description

The mullioned windows and rose window in the brick façade are Gothic in style. Above the portal is the Renaissance style Monument to Vettore Capello (1467), where Capello, a Venetian admiral, is kneeling before the Saint; the sculptor was Niccolò di Giovanni of Florence.
The original bell-tower, built in 1558, had been razed in the early 19th century. The main altarpiece is a copy of that found in the Church of Sette Santi Fondatori in Florence. The interior is mostly bare; most of the paintings are now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia.
Of the adjacent convent, only part of the cloister and the central well head remain. The buildings now house a foundation dedicated to world peace.
* Chapel of St. Helena, mother of Constantine the Great
* Inside the nave and choir
* Altarpiece
* Ceilings of the nave and choir.
* Cloister
# 1924–25 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team

The 1924–25 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team (also known informally as Ames) represented Iowa State University during the 1924–25 NCAA men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Bill Chandler, who was in his fourth season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the State Gymnasium in Ames, Iowa.
They finished the season 2–15, 1–15 in Missouri Valley play to finish in ninth place.

## Schedule and results

| Date time, TV | Opponent$^#$ | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| Regular season ||||||
| December 18, 1924* 6:45 pm | Cornell | W 21–20 | 1–0 | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| January 8, 1925 | Missouri | L 15–28 | 1–1 (0–1) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| January 9, 1925 | Kansas | L 8–28 | 1–2 (0–2) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| January 17, 1925 | at Kansas State | L 19–33 | 1–3 (0–3) | Nichols Hall Manhattan, Kansas |
| January 19, 1925 | at Oklahoma | L 24–27 | 1–4 (0–4) | Norman, Oklahoma |
| January 24, 1925 | Grinnell | L 15–32 | 1–5 (0–5) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| January 31, 1925 | at Drake Iowa Big Four | L 22–23 | 1–6 (0–6) | Des Moines Coliseum Des Moines, Iowa |
| February 3, 1925 | Kansas State | L 20–34 | 1–7 (0–7) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| February 6, 1925 | at Washington University (MO) | L 17–34 | 1–8 (0–8) | Francis Gymnasium St. Louis, Missouri |
| February 7, 1925 | at Missouri | L 15–17 | 1–9 (0–9) | Rothwell Gymnasium Columbia, Missouri |
| February 9, 1925 | at Kansas | L 18–33 | 1–10 (0–10) | Robinson Gymnasium Lawrence, Kansas |
| February 14, 1925 | Oklahoma | W 22–19 | 2–10 (1–10) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| February 17, 1925 | at Grinnell | L 22–37 | 2–11 (1–11) | Grinnell, Iowa |
| February 24, 1925 | at Nebraska | L 17–37 | 2–12 (1–12) | Grant Memorial Hall Lincoln, Nebraska |
| February 28, 1925 | Washington (MO) | L 12–32 | 2–13 (1–13) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| March 4, 1925 | Nebraska | L 13–28 | 2–14 (1–14) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| March 6, 1925 | Drake Iowa Big Four | L 19–23 | 2–15 (1–15) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| *Non-conference game. $^#$Rankings from AP poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. All times are in Central Time. ||||||
# Henri Quentin

Dom Henri Quentin (7 October 1872, Saint-Thierry - 4 February 1935, Rome) was a French Benedictine monk. A philologist specializing in biblical texts and martyrologies, he was the creator of an original method of textual criticism (sometimes called the neo-Lachmannian method). He pioneered techniques to compare texts and produce trees of relationships between version and editions in order to study their origins and variations.

## Life

After studying theology at the seminary of Rheims, he joined in 1892 Maredsous Abbey and in 1897 Solesmes Abbey. He was ordained priest in 1902. In 1907, he was called to Rome to direct the work of the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Vulgate, newly created by Pope Pius X and entrusted to the Order of St Benedict. It was during this time that he was faced with a wide range of versions of texts with differences. This forced him to explore the editions systematically using quantitative approaches. In March 1914, he was appointed consultant to the liturgical section of the Sacred Congregation of Rites. The Commission for the Revision of the Vulgate was transformed in 1933 into the Pontifical Abbey of St Jerome-in-the-City, where he became the first abbot.

## Method

Faced with the enormous mass of manuscripts of the Bible, and the special relationship of copyists with this text, Dom Quentin was obliged to change the approach he had adopted for martyrologies and criticize the methods traditionally applied in the establishment of a stemma codicum. The method of Dom Quentin has been much discussed and often criticized, but has attracted interest because of its arithmetical character and its capacity for automation. Quentin's method is identical to what is used in phylogenetic analysis for the study of evolution to produce unrooted trees.

## Publications

* Jean-Dominique Mansi et les grandes collections conciliaires, Paris, Ernest Leroux, 1900.
* Les martyrologes historiques du Moyen Âge : étude sur la formation du Martyrologe romain, Paris, 1908.
* Mémoire sur l'établissement du texte de la Vulgate. 1$^{ère}$ partie : Octateuque, Paris, Gabalda, 1922 (Collectanea biblica latina VI).
* Essais de critique textuelle (Ecdotique), Paris, Picard, 1926.
* Hippolyte Delehaye (S.J.) et Henri Quentin (O.S.B.), Acta sanctorum novembris, tomi II pars posterior, qua continetur Hippolyti Delehaye commentarius perpetuus in Martyrologium Hieronymianum ad recensionem Henrici Quentin, Bruxelles, Société des Bollandistes, 1931.
# Hurwitz problem

In mathematics, the Hurwitz problem (named after Adolf Hurwitz) is the problem of finding multiplicative relations between quadratic forms which generalise those known to exist between sums of squares in certain numbers of variables.

## Description

There are well-known multiplicative relationships between sums of squares in two variables
    $(x^{2}+y^{2})(u^{2}+v^{2})=(xu-yv)^{2}+(xv+yu)^{2}\ ,$
(known as the Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity), and also Euler's four-square identity and Degen's eight-square identity. These may be interpreted as multiplicativity for the norms on the complex numbers ($\mathbb {C}$), quaternions ($\mathbb {H}$), and octonions ($\mathbb {O}$), respectively.$^{:1–3}$
The Hurwitz problem for the field K is to find general relations of the form
    $(x_{1}^{2}+\cdots +x_{r}^{2})\cdot (y_{1}^{2}+\cdots +y_{s}^{2})=(z_{1}^{2}+\cdots +z_{n}^{2})\ ,$
with the z being bilinear forms in the x and y: that is, each z is a K-linear combination of terms of the form x$_i$ y$_j$.$^{:127}$
We call a triple $\;(r,s,n)\;$ admissible for K if such an identity exists.$^{:125}$ Trivial cases of admissible triples include $\;(r,s,rs)\;.$ The problem is uninteresting for K of characteristic 2, since over such fields every sum of squares is a square, and we exclude this case. It is believed that otherwise admissibility is independent of the field of definition.$^{:137}$

## The Hurwitz–Radon theorem

Hurwitz posed the problem in 1898 in the special case $\;r=s=n\;$ and showed that, when coefficients are taken in $\mathbb {C}$, the only admissible values $\,(n,n,n)\,$ were $\;n\in \{1,2,4,8\}\;.$$^{:130}$ His proof extends to a field of any characteristic except 2.$^{:3}$
The "Hurwitz–Radon" problem is that of finding admissible triples of the form $\,(r,n,n)\;.$ Obviously $\;(1,n,n)\;$ is admissible. The Hurwitz–Radon theorem states that $\;\left(\rho (n),n,n\right)\;$ is admissible over any field where $\,\rho (n)\,$ is the function defined for $\;n=2^{u}v\;,$ v odd, $\;u=4a+b\;,$ with $\;0\leq b\leq 3\;,$ and $\;\rho (n)=8a+2^{b}\;.$$^{:137}$$^{:130}$
Other admissible triples include $\,(3,5,7)\,$$^{:138}$ and $\,(10,10,16)\;.$$^{:137}$
# Richard of Verdun

Richard of Verdun (970–1046) was the abbot of the influential northeastern French Monastery of St. Vanne from 1004 to 1046.

## Life

Richard was born to a noble family of Bantheville, the son of Walter and Theodrada. As a child, he was enrolled in the cathedral school of Rheims under Archbishop Adalbero and was eventually ordained a priest. It was at Rheims that he first met Frederick, son of Godfrey I, Count of Verdun.
Richard entered the monastery of St. Vanne as a young man, and upon his arrival he was shocked and dismayed by the relatively poor state of the monastery. So great were his feelings that he had attempted to be transferred from St. Vanne, but was eventually talked out of it by Odilo of Cluny.
Through the influence of Bishop Haimo of Verdun, Richard was elected to succeed Fergenius as abbot of St. Vanne in October 1004. Due to his intimate connections with the local nobility, notably Gerard of Florennes, Bishop of Cambrai and Poppo of Stavelot, Richard was able to transform the simple monastery into a truly monumental repository of a variety of relics. His network of connections and contributors even included William the Conqueror and Robert II, Duke of Normandy. Modeling St. Vanne after Cluny Abbey, Richard undertook a number of building projects which some felt were overeager at best and needlessly wasteful and extravagant at worst. He expanded the monastery apparently to accommodate an anticipated large numbers of pilgrims. Peter Damian commented "...he had expended almost all his efforts constructing useless buildings and had wasted much of the Church's resources in such frivolities".
Despite his critics, Richard was generally well-regarded and considered to be a man knowledgeable of "...corporate religious ideals and the needs of a whole community". Like many of his Benedictine contemporaries, Richard viewed the cult of saints to be the best means of transmitting the Christian ideal to a nominally Christian populace. In fact, his most extravagant construction was built especially to house the bones of the monastery's many patron saints and former bishops. In 1026, with the financial support of Richard II, Duke of Normandy, Abbot Richard led a large pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
Many of Richard's reliquary acquisitions during his tenure as abbot of St. Vanne seem to be highly suspect; at times even illegal. According to Patrick Geary, Richard "...saw nothing contradictory or immoral about his theft or falsification of important relics". Instead, the overall spiritual power and protection that the relics of saints could offer outweighed any misgivings about the "rightness" of theft or falsification. In Richard's viewpoint, if the relic had not chosen him to acquire it, it would have interceded on behalf of its original possessors.
Due to a reputation as an effective administrator, Richard eventually came to govern twenty-one autonomous monasteries, including the Abbey of St Vaast in Arras (1008), Elnon Abbey (1013), Florennes Abbey (1015) and others. These he governed through their respective priors.
He retired to a hermitage near Remiremont Abbey, but returned to Saint-Vanne around 1039.
# LSK489

The LSK489 is a monolithic N-Channel JFET designed and built by Linear Integrated Systems, Inc.LIS Inc, a Fremont, CA company. The part was introduced in 2013 and was named by EDN Tech as one of the “2013 EDN Hot 100” electronics industry innovations for the year. In a product review published earlier that year, EDN noted: This JFET is part of a family of ultra-low-noise, dual JFET.
   This JFET is part of a family of ultra-low-noise, dual JFETs specifically designed to provide users better-performing, wider bandwidths and cheaper solutions for obtaining tighter IDSS (drain-source saturation current) matching and better thermal tracking than matching individual JFETs. The company also has an in-house fab which is an indication that it can maintain good process control over production lots by tweaking the process as needed in real time as well as monitoring production to increase it for high volume demand customer needs.

## Part characteristics

The LSK489 is an N-channel monolithic dual JFET with 1.8 nV per square root Hz noise at 1 kHz and low-capacitance (Ciss= 4pF). The part is not graded with respect to IDSS, with the typical value being 5 mA, a low of 2.5 mA and a high of 15 mA. Characteristics include:
* Tight differential voltage match vs. current;
* Improved op amp speed settling time accuracy;
* Minimum Input Error trimming error voltage;
* Lower intermodulation distortion.
The part achieves very low noise with respect to its transconductance, which is attributed to the producer's ability to eliminate almost all of the generation-recombination noise usually present in JFETs. The part is available in TO-71, SOIC-A, and SOT-23 packages, as well as bare die.

## Related parts

The LSK489 (N-Channel Monolithic Dual JFET) and LSJ689 (P-Channel Monolithic Dual JEFT), also produced by Linear Integrated Systems, are complementary pairs. These two parts are the only complementary dual JFETs pair currently in production. The LSK489 is similar in electrical performance when compared to the LS843 series and the U401-403 series (Siliconix), the LSK489 has superior noise characteristics. It has slightly higher noise than the LSK389 (1.8 nV vs. 0.9 nV) but lower CISS (4pF vs. 20pF).

## Applications

The LSK489 is used in a wide range of front-end signal chain applications, including audio preamps, piezoelectric element preamps and photodiode preamps. The part is also used in high-end sensor systems ranging from hydrophones to the front end of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) being developed by SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
# 1931–32 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team

The 1931–32 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1931–32 NCAA men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Louis Menze, who was in his fourth season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the State Gymnasium in Ames, Iowa.
They finished the season 9–6, 4–6 in Big Six play to finish in fifth place.

## Schedule and results

| Date time, TV | Opponent$^#$ | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| Regular season ||||||
| December 15, 1931* 7:15 p.m. | Brigham Young | W 47–25 | 1–0 | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| December 18, 1931* | Central | W 44–32 | 2–0 | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| December 31, 1931* 8:15 p.m. | at Drake Iowa Big Four | W 32–30 | 3–0 | Drake Fieldhouse Des Moines, Iowa |
| January 8, 1932 7:30 p.m. | Nebraska | L 24–28 | 3–1 (0–1) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| January 16, 1932 | at Oklahoma | L 32–37 | 3–2 (0–2) | OU Field House Norman, Oklahoma |
| January 18, 1932 | at Kansas | W 37–29 | 4–2 (1–2) | Hoch Auditorium Lawrence, Kansas |
| January 22, 1932 | Missouri | W 18–13 | 5–2 (2–2) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| January 26, 1932 7:15 p.m. | Drake Iowa Big Four | W 35–25 | 6–2 | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| January 30, 1932 | at Kansas State | L 15–19 | 6–3 (2–3) | Nichols Hall Manhattan, Kansas |
| February 1, 1932 | at Nebraska | W 33–32 | 7–3 (3–3) | Nebraska Coliseum Lincoln, Nebraska |
| February 5, 1932 | Kansas | L 27–40 | 7–4 (3–4) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| February 8, 1932 | Oklahoma | W 29–22 | 8–4 (4–4) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| February 13, 1932 | at Missouri | L 25–31 | 8–5 (4–5) | Brewer Fieldhouse Columbia, Missouri |
| February 19, 1932 7:30 p.m. | Kansas State | L 27–30 | 8–6 (4–6) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| February 22, 1932* 8:15 p.m. | at Drake Iowa Big Four | W 31–19 | 9–6 | Drake Fieldhouse Des Moines, Iowa |
| *Non-conference game. $^#$Rankings from AP poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. All times are in Central Time. ||||||
# 1934–35 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team

The 1934–35 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1934–35 NCAA men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Louis Menze, who was in his seventh season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the State Gymnasium in Ames, Iowa.
They finished the season 13–3, 8–2 in Big Six play to finish in first place. It was Iowa State's first Big Six Championship.

## Schedule and results

| Date time, TV | Opponent$^#$ | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| Regular season ||||||
| December 7, 1934* | Coe | W 36–23 | 1–0 | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| December 11, 1934* | at Coe | W 30–26 | 2–0 | Cedar Rapids, Iowa |
| December 14, 1934* | Grinnell | W 32–26 | 3–0 | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| December 20, 1934* | at Drake Iowa Big Four | W 28–27 | 4–0 | Drake Fieldhouse Des Moines, Iowa |
| January 1, 1935* | Iowa Cy-Hawk Rivalry | W 41–33 | 5–0 | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| January 4, 1935 | Missouri | W 31–23 | 6–0 (1–0) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| January 12, 1935 | at Nebraska | L 31–32 | 6–1 (1–1) | Nebraska Coliseum Lincoln, Nebraska |
| January 14, 1935 | at Kansas State | W 29–25 | 7–1 (2–1) | Nichols Hall Manhattan, Kansas |
| January 26, 1935 | at Missouri | W 37–28 | 8–1 (3–1) | Brewer Fieldhouse Columbia, Missouri |
| February 4, 1935 | Oklahoma | W 32–22 | 9–1 (4–1) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| February 9, 1935 | at Kansas | L 18–35 | 9–2 (4–2) | Hoch Auditorium Lawrence, Kansas |
| February 11, 1935 | at Oklahoma | W 50–44 $^{OT}$ | 10–2 (5–2) | OU Field House Norman, Oklahoma |
| February 15, 1935* 7:30 pm | Drake Iowa Big Four | L 42–45 | 10–3 | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| February 18, 1935 | Kansas | W 32–30 | 11–3 (6–2) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| February 23, 1935 | Nebraska | W 22–14 | 12–3 (7–2) | State Gymnasium Ames, Iowa |
| March 4, 1935 7:15 pm | Kansas State | W 39–31 | 13–3 (8–2) | State Gymnasium (3,600) Ames, Iowa |
| *Non-conference game. $^#$Rankings from AP poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. All times are in Central Time. ||||||
# Ridley's Brewery

Ridley's Brewery is a defunct brewery. It was founded in 1842, and was located in Hartford End, Essex. In August 2002 the company bought out the Tolly Cobbold brewery. Then, in 2005 Ridley's was bought by Greene King for £45.6 million closing its operations at Hartford End and Braintree and dropping of rivaling beers to their own brands. Ridley's Old Bob continues to be produced by Greene King at Bury St. Edmunds.

## The independent company

Ridley's was officially T. D. Ridley & Sons Ltd. It started as a water mill at Hartford End and from that it developed a flour milling business in Chelmsford, two maltings, also in Chelmsford, and the brewery which stayed at Hartford End. In the early 1970s, Ridley's is recorded as having "just over 60" tied houses, mostly in central and north-west Essex.

## Re-born

Nelion Ridley, son of last Ridley chairman Nicholas, started brewing again on a micro scale in 2011 under the company Bishop Nick Ltd named after family member Bishop Nicholas Ridley who was burned at the stake at Oxford in 1555 during the reign of Mary I for championing the Protestant cause. He was considered one of the finest academic minds of the English reformation and made an Anglican martyr The brewery operates in Braintree.
# HMS Pylades (J401)

49°25′36″N 00°15′04″W﻿ / ﻿49.42667°N 0.25111°W﻿ / 49.42667; -0.25111
HMS Pylades was a Catherine-class minesweeper of the Royal Navy.
The Catherine class was the British designation for the United States Navy's Auk class minesweeper.
She was sunk on 8 July 1944 off Juno Beach during the Normandy landings. The crew reported two explosions astern, following which the ship sank. The captain's report stated that the damage was most likely caused by two mines.
A survey of the wreck as part of Channel 4's Wreck Detectives underwater archaeological TV series indicated that the damage was actually caused by torpedo attack. Given the date of the sinking these must have been launched from German Marder or Neger mini submarines, which were the only German torpedo-capable units at sea at the time of the attack.
# Justin Phillip Reed

Justin Phillip Reed is an American poet, novelist, and essayist, best known for his National Book Award-winning debut poetry collection Indecency.

## Personal life

Reed lives in St. Louis, Missouri. His work often deals with what it means to be a queer black man in America. He went to Washington University in St. Louis.

## Books

He published a chapbook, A History of Flamboyance, with YesYes Books in 2016.
Reed's first full-length book of poetry, Indecency, deals with black identity and sexuality. It was published by Coffee House in 2018. Francine J. Harris, Nina Simone, Deftones, and Khadijah Queen were among the people who inspired Reed to write the book. Indecency won the National Book Award in Poetry in 2018.
# Walter of Serviliano

Walter was a Benedictine hermit. He later became abbot, being the founder of the monastery of Serviliano in the Marches of Ancona, Italy. This monastery was famed for the rejuvenation pioneered by religious orders in that era.
# David Crockett State Park

David Crockett State Park is a state park in Lawrenceburg, Tennessee.
The park is located on Shoal Creek (originally called the Sycamore River) and commemorates the historical activities of famous frontiersman David Crockett in the local area. Crockett settled near the creek bank in 1817 and started a powder mill, grist mill and distillery using the creek's water power. By 1820, he owned 614 acres (248 ha) of land at Shoal Creek. He also served as one of Lawrence County's first commissioners and justices of the peace. After his industrial operations were destroyed by a flood in September 1821, Crockett left the area and moved to West Tennessee. The park was established in 1959 on 1,100 acres (450 ha) of land that includes the site where Crockett had his mills and distillery.
Park facilities include reconstructions of a dam and mill. A historical museum in the park, open during the summer months, is focused on Crockett's life. A covered bridge built across Shoal Creek in 1959 was destroyed by flooding in 1998 and replaced the following year. A 40-acre (16 ha) lake offers opportunities for fishing and boating.
Visitor facilities include two campgrounds and a restaurant. Seven two-bedroom visitor cabins built in the park in 2010 were the first vacation homes in a U.S. state park to receive LEED Silver certification from the U.S. Green Building Council.