OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ákos Tolnay

Ákos Tolnay (1903–1981) was a Hungarian screenwriter active mainly in Italian cinema, having previously worked in Britain. He also appeared in Roberto Rossellini's 1945 neorealist film Rome, Open City.

## Selected filmography

* The Scandal (1934)
* Temptation (1934)
* Drake of England (1935)
* The Avenging Hand (1936)
* Ball at Savoy (1936)
* Second Bureau (1936)
* Wings Over Africa (1936)
* Elephant Boy (1937)
* Return of a Stranger (1937)
* Thunder in the City (1937)
* The Wife of General Ling (1937)
* The White Slave (1939)
* Deputy Eusèbe (1939)
* The Brambilla Family Go on Holiday (1941)
* Caravaggio, il pittore maledetto (1941)
* Two Hearts Among the Beasts (1943)
* Tehran (1946)
* Call of the Blood (1948)
* Golden Madonna (1949)
* Voice of Silence (1953)
* A Parisian in Rome (1954)
* The Open Door (1957)
* The White Warrior (1959)
# 2020 in Kuwait

Events of 2020 in Kuwait.

## Incumbents

* Emir: Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (until 29 September), Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (from 30 September)
* Prime Minister: Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah

## Events

Ongoing – COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait

### January

* 7 January – Canada's Chief of the Defence Staff General Jonathan Vance announces that some of its military personnel in Iraq will be moved to neighboring Kuwait for safety reasons.
* 8 January – Kuwaiti state news agency KUNA says its official Twitter account was hacked after it spread a fake news report that the United States Army would withdraw from Camp Arifjan within three days.

### February

* 24 February – The country, along with Iraq, Afghanistan, Oman and Bahrain, confirmed its first cases of COVID-19.

### April

* 4 April – The first death from COVID-19 is reported in the country as cases reach 479.

### July

* 6 July – Kuwait surpasses 50,000 infections after reporting 538 new cases in the past 24 hours. Its death toll jumps to 373.
* 18 July – Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah is admitted to hospital for what aides described as "routine" medical tests. Crown Prince Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, the Emir's 83-year-old half-brother and designated successor, will temporarily carry out some of the Emir's duties.
* 19 July – Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, age 91, undergoes successful surgery and medical treatment. Crown Prince Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, who is 83, temporarily assumes some of the powers and will maintain such powers until "the health event is over."
* 23 July – The 91-year-old Emir of Kuwait Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah flies to the United States to seek further medical treatment after undergoing successful surgery days ago.

### August

* 1 August – The Kuwaiti Directorate General of Civil Aviation bans flights to 31 countries as Kuwait International Airport resumes operations at reduced capacity.

## Deaths

* 29 September – Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, the 15th Ruler of Kuwait and the 6th Emir of the State of Kuwait, (b. 1929)
* 20 December – Nasser Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, first Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense, (b. 1948)
# 2022 in Kuwait

Events in the year 2022 in Kuwait.

## Incumbents

| Post | Name |
| Emir of Kuwait | Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah |
| Prime Minister of Kuwait | Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah (Until 19 July) |
| Prime Minister of Kuwait | Ahmad Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah (Starting 24 July) |

## Events

Ongoing — COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait

### February

* 17 February – The Kuwaiti Ministers of Defense and the Interior, both members of the ruling Al-Sabah family, resign. The resignations are accepted by the Emir, who appoints a different member of the Al-Sabah family and Mohammad al-Fares, the current Oil Minister, to their respective posts.

### March

* 26 March – Saudi Arabia and Kuwait sign off on a 50-year program to explore the Arash gas field, which is located on the maritime border between the two countries and also extends into Iranian waters. Iran says that the deal is illegal.

### May

* 10 May – Crown Prince of Kuwait Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah accepts the resignation of the Government of Kuwait, after the request had been submitted more than a month ago. No timeline is given for when the next election will occur.

### September

* 29 September – General elections were held in Kuwait following the dissolution of parliament by Crown Prince Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.

### November

* 16 November – Kuwait says that it has carried out a mass execution of seven convicted murderers, including three foreign citizens.

## Deaths

* 13 January – Youssef Al-Qatami, (aged 73), plastic artist and member of the Kuwaiti Society for Fine Arts.
* 10 February – Dr. Saleh Mohammad Al-Ojairi, (aged 101) astronomer, founder of astronomy in Kuwait and the region.
* 6 March – Dr. Ahmad Al-Khatib, (aged 95) first surgeon of Kuwait (1952), ex-Member of Parliament (political career 1963–1996).
* 8 March – Ghannam Al-Jumhur Al-Mutairi, (aged 91), former National Assembly MP
* 13 March – Marzouq Abdul Wahhab Al-Marzouq, (aged 100), former member of the Municipal Council and a member of the board of Directors of the National bank.
* 20 March – Abdllah Al-Nibari, (aged 85), former politician and parliamentarian.
* 30 May – Aziza Muhammad Al-Bassam, (aged 84), educator and founder of first public library for women in Kuwait.
* 20 July – Suleiman Al-Mulla, (aged 69), artist.
* 13 August – Amer Al-Sahloul, journalist and founders of the Diwaniya of Nabat Poets.
* 17 August – Abdul Rahman Khaled Saleh Al-Ghuneim, (aged 84), former Minister of Communications.
* 30 August – Abdullah Al-Awadi, Director.
* 12 October – Dr. Fakhri Ahmed Shehab, contributor towards setting the frameworks of the country's economic system.
* 3 November – Saleh Al-Rajeeb, director and host of Kuwait Radio.
* 15 November – Mohammed Al-Sanousi, (aged 84) former Minister.
* 30 November - Muhammad Youssef Al-Adsani, former speaker of the National Assembly, pioneers of political and parliamentary work in the country.
* 19 December – Khalaf Al-Enezi, (aged 76) former National Assembly MP
* 19 December – Hilal Mashari Al-Mutairi, (aged 80), former Minister
# 2017 in Kyrgyzstan

Events from the year 2017 in Kyrgyzstan

## Incumbents

* President – Almazbek Atambayev (until November); Sooronbay Jeenbekov (from 24 November)
* Prime Minister – Sooronbay Jeenbekov (until August); Muhammetkaliy Abulgaziyev (acting 22–26 August); Sapar Isakov (from 26 August)

## Events

* 16 January – a Boeing 747-412F flying Turkish Airlines Flight 6491 crashed during landing at its scheduled stopover at Manas International Airport in Bishkek. A total of 39 people were killed in the accident.
* 5 September – Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev becomes the first Uzbek leader to visit Bishkek in 17 years.
* 15 October – the 2017 Kyrgyz presidential election. The election was won by Sooronbay Jeenbekov, who was inaugurated as president on 24 November.
* 24 November – Sooronbay Jeenbekov, took the oath of office as head of state during his inauguration on 24 November.

## Deaths

* 16 July – Zhibek Nukeeva, beauty queen, Miss Kyrgyzstan 2013 (b. 1995).
# Ross 19

Ross 19 is a red dwarf of spectral type M3.5. In 2021 it was discovered that Ross 19 has a companion, which is a cold brown dwarf. Ross 19B is likely the coldest brown dwarf found around a main-sequence star, as of July 2024.

## Ross 19A

Ross 19A was discovered in 1925 by Frank E. Ross as a proper-motion star with the help of the Yerkes Observatory and archived plates by E. E. Barnard. In 1985 the first spectral information was published by W. P. Bidelman, based on observations by G. P. Kuiper, which reported the star to have a V magnitude of 12.70 and a spectral type of M3.5. In 2020 the star was observed at the Lick Observatory and with IRTF. Ross 19A has a mass of about 0.36 M$_☉$ and has an age between 3.6 and 11 billion years. It has a sub-solar metallicity and has a temperature of about 3500 Kelvin. In TESS and ZTF light curves it does not show any variability and does not show any flares.

## Ross 19B

Ross 19B (also called CWISE J021948.68+351845.3) was initially found in the Backyard Worlds project by the citizen scientists Samuel Goodman, Léopold Gramaize, Austin Rothermich, and Hunter Brooks. It was then observed by the professional astronomers of the paper led by Adam C. Schneider with the Keck Observatory in 2020, measuring a J-band magnitude of 21.14 ± 0.02. The researchers calculated that Ross 19B has a 100% probability to be bound to Ross 19A. Ross 19B has a very low temperature of about 400–615 kelvins (127–342 °C; 260–647 °F), making it either a late T-dwarf or a Y-dwarf. It has a mass between 15 and 40 M$_J$, making it a brown dwarf. Its wide separation results in an extremely low gravitational binding energy. It is suggested that Ross 19B has a sub-solar metallicity similar to the red dwarf. Later observation with Gemini North showed a Y-band magnitude of 21.86 ± 0.06. This showed that the spectral type is likely between T9 and Y0. A JWST program is dedicated to observe Ross 19B in Cycle 3.
# Lake Allegan

Lake Allegan is a man-made lake located in Valley Township just outside the city of Allegan in the U.S. state of Michigan (Allegan County). The water is safe for swimming and boating. The lake has a large surface area of almost 1,600 acres (2.5 mi$^2$, 6.475 km$^2$). Salmon runs occur on the western side of Lake Allegan's Calkins Bridge dam which leads to Lake Michigan via the Kalamazoo River.
Lake Allegan is adjacent to the 50,000-acre Allegan Forest. Geese, ducks, kingfishers, eagles and great blue herons frequent the lake. The Allegan Lake Overlook is one of the best places to view the lake located on Monroe Road, two and one half miles from M-89. There is a DNR access point and a boat launch located at Echo Point on Monroe Road near 42nd Street.
On the west shoreline of Lake Allegan, there still exists the building foundations of a POW camp that housed German POWs during World War II. This camp, which is now part of the Allegan State Game Area, was in use until the end of the war. The prisoners at the camp thought Lake Allegan was Lake Michigan and that they could escape by swimming to Chicago.
Lake Allegan's water levels are constant and predictable due to Calkins Bridge Dam. The Kalamazoo River flows into Lake Allegan to Calkins and then out to Lake Michigan near Saugatuck. Calkins Bridge Dam provides electricity for the area and recreational opportunities. In the spring and fall, when the fish are spawning, the Calkins Bridge Dam is a favorite spot for fishermen. The Calkins Bridge Dam is owned and operated by Consumers Energy Company and is also referred to as Allegan Hydroelectric Plant.
# 1955 in Laos

The following lists events that happened during 1955 in Laos.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Sisavang Vong
* Prime Minister: Katay Don Sasorith

## Events
### January

* 28 January
** The Royal Lao Air Force is established as the Lao Air Force.
** The Royal Lao Navy is established.

### December

* 14 December - Laos is admitted to the United Nations under United Nations Security Council Resolution 109.
* 25 December - 1955 Laotian parliamentary election
# 1963 in Laos

The following lists events that happened during 1963 in Laos.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Savang Vatthana
* Prime Minister: Souvanna Phouma

## Events
### November

* November - The Battle of Lak Sao begins.

## Births

* 8 May - Soulivong Savang, current Lao royal pretender

## Deaths

* 1 April - Quinim Pholsena, Laotian foreign minister, assassinated
# 1964 in Laos

The following lists events that happened during 1964 in Laos.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Savang Vatthana
* Prime Minister: Souvanna Phouma

## Events
### January

* January - The Battle of Lak Sao ends.

### July

* 19-29 July - Operation Triangle
# 1977 in Laos

The following lists events that happened during 1977 in Laos.

## Incumbents

* President: Souphanouvong
* Prime Minister: Kaysone Phomvihane

## Events

* 18 July - Laos signs a friendship treaty with Vietnam, providing for Vietnamese aid loans and reconstruction projects.

## Births

* 20 July - Anoulack Chanthivong, Australian politician
# 1988 in Laos

The following lists events that happened during 1988 in Laos.

## Incumbents

* President: Souphanouvong
* Prime Minister: Kaysone Phomvihane

## Events
### February

* 19 February - A cease-fire is declared, ending the Thai–Laotian Border War.

## Births

* 15 April - Lamnao Singto, footballer
* 12 August - Souksavanh Tonsacktheva, athlete
# Gigel Coman

Gigel Coman (born 4 October 1978) is a former Romanian footballer who played as a winger, currently sporting director at Liga II club Metaloglobus București.

## Club career

Coman made his professional debut at FC Naţional București in 1996, before moving to FCU Politehnica Timişoara in the winter break of the 2004–05 season.
In the summer of 2006, at the request of Cosmin Olăroiu – Steaua București's head coach – Coman is signed by Steaua București.

## International career

As of 30 June 2006, Coman won three caps for Romania.

### International stats

Romania :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2003 | 1 | 0 |
| 2004 | 0 | 0 |
| 2005 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 3 | 0 |

## Honours
### National București

* Cupa României runner-up: 1996–97, 2002–03

### Metaloglobus București

* Liga III: 2016–17
# 2018 in Laos

Events in the year 2018 in Laos.

## Incumbents

* Party General Secretary: Bounnhang Vorachith
* President: Bounnhang Vorachith
* Prime Minister: Thongloun Sisoulith

## Events

* 23 July – The collapse of Saddle Dam D, part of a larger hydroelectric dam system under construction in southeast Laos's Champasak Province, lead to widespread destruction and homelessness in neighbouring Attapeu Province.

## Deaths

* 4 January – Sauryavong Savang, royal (b. 1937).
# Bengal School of Technology

Bengal School of Technology, or (BST), is a NAAC and NBA accredited private pharmacy college located in Chinsurah, Hooghly district, India. It was founded in 2006. It obtained 1st phase NAAC accreditation in 2017 with grade B followed by 2nd phase grade A in 2023 and NBA accreditation for the B.Pharm course in 2019. The institute is affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology and all courses are approved by PCI & AICTE.
# Mince

Mince may refer to:

## Food

* Mincing, a food preparation technique
* Ground meat, also known as mince
** Ground beef
** Mince and tatties, a Scottish dish
* Mincemeat, a mixture of chopped dried fruit, distilled spirits, spices and, historically, meat

## People

* Mince Fratelli, a member of Scottish rock band The Fratellis
* Johnny Mince (1912–1997), American swing jazz clarinetist
* Tadas Mincė (born 1993), also known as Mincė, Lithuanian basketball player

## Other uses

* Mińce, a village in north-eastern Poland
* MINCE, an early text editor for CP/M microcomputers
# Alastair Biggar

Alastair Gourlay Biggar (4 August 1946 – 6 February 2016) was a Scotland international rugby union player.
He was capped twelve times for his country, between 1969 and 1972, including the Five Nations seasons of 1970, 1971 and 1972. In the 1972 game against Wales, he sustained a hamstring injury. He also played for London Scottish. He toured New Zealand in 1971 with the British and Irish Lions. He died on 6 February 2016 from cancer.
Fellow London Scottish and Scotland player Mike Biggar is his cousin.
# Agulugou Formation

The Agulugou Formation is located in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and is dated to the Jurassic period.
# David Chisholm

David Chisholm (St. Boswells, 23 January 1937 – Borders, 27 July 1998) was a Scottish rugby union player. He played as a fly-half.
He had 14 caps for Scotland, from 1964 to 1968, scoring 1 try and 4 drop goals, 15 points on aggregate. He played in the Five Nations Championship, in 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967 and 1968, playing in 11 games and scoring 2 drop goals, 6 points on aggregate. He also played for Melrose RFC.
He was commonly linked with Alex Hastie, according to Allan Massie:
    "They played together for Melrose for eleven seasons, in the course of which Chisholm scored more than a thousand points for the club... As a pair their understanding made them more than the sum of two individuals. Did Hastie ever lose Chisholm in any of the thirteen internationals they played together? It was their joint ability to tidy up bad ball and even turn it to advantage that made them the most secure of partnerships. Both tackled better than many wing forwards, and they would have revelled in the modern game... Their record of going ten internationals without defeat is unparalleled."
His brother Robin Chisholm was also capped for Scotland. He was a father of two and a grandfather of four.
# Gargi Memorial Institute of Technology

Gargi Memorial Institute of Technology (abbreviated as GMIT) is a private engineering institution in Kolkata, West Bengal, India which offers undergraduate four-year engineering degree courses in six disciplines (CSE/CSBS/ECE/EE/CE/ME). The college is affiliated to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology.
# Changqing National Nature Reserve

Changqing National Nature Reserve (simplified Chinese: 长青自然保护区; traditional Chinese: 長青自然保護區; pinyin: Chángqīng Zìránbǎohùqū) is located near Huayang Village in the Qin Mountains of Shaanxi province of China.
* Location: 300 km (190 mi) south of Xi'an
* Area: 300 km$^2$ (120 sq mi)
* Highest point: 3,071 m (10,075 ft)
* Year established: 1995

## Flora and fauna

* Crested ibis, Nipponia nippon
* Qinling panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis
* Golden monkey, Rhinopithecus roxellanae
* Golden takin, Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi
* 31 species of threatened plants
Research has shown that this reserve used to be the largest panda habitat in the world.
# Leonard S. Unger

Leonard Seidman Unger (December 17, 1917 – June 3, 2010) was a diplomat and United States Ambassador to Laos (1962–64), Thailand (1967–73), and was the last US ambassador to the Republic of China (Taiwan) (1974–79).

## Personal life

Unger was born in San Diego, California and graduated from Harvard College with a Bachelor of Arts in 1939. He was the co-author of The Trieste negotiations and co-editor of Laos : beyond the revolution. After retiring from the foreign service, he taught at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. He died on June 3, 2010, in Sebastopol, California.

## Diplomacy career

Unger was a member of the American Academy of Diplomacy and Council on Foreign Relations. He began his career in government as a part of the National Resources Planning Board. He was also the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs in the Johnson administration. and the head of the Interdepartmental Vietnam Coordinating Committee, a committee set up by President Johnson to explore various 'use of force' options in the period before United States involvement in the Vietnam war escalated. Prior to his involvement in South-East and East Asia, Unger was the United States Political Advisor to the Free Territory of Trieste.
# The Pigeon Tunnel: Stories from My Life

The Pigeon Tunnel: Stories from My Life is a memoir by British spy novelist John le Carré released on September 6, 2016. It is the only feature length work of non-fiction in his bibliography. In the memoir, le Carré recounts stories reflecting on his time in British intelligence during the Cold War, research on his novels that took him around the globe (including an encounter with Yasser Arafat in Beirut in 1982 while researching The Little Drummer Girl), and his strained relationship with his father who influenced his semi-autobiographical novel A Perfect Spy.

## Reception

The book received positive reviews from critics. The Guardian wrote that le Carré "remains a magician of plot and counter-plot, a master storyteller". Writing for The New York Times, Walter Isaacson praised the book as "a delightful collection of charming and occasionally insightful tales". Isaacson also expressed hope that the book's climactic chapter, which focuses on his relationship with his father, be turned into a "profound John le Carré book."
# Closterotomus ventralis

Closterotomus ventralis is a species of plant bugs belonging to the family Miridae, subfamily Mirinae.

## Distribution

This species can be found in the southern Europe (Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia and Spain).

## Description

Closterotomus ventralis can reach a length of 6–7 millimetres (0.24–0.28 in). The body is mainly black, as are the head and the antennae. The second antennal segment is larger in the distal part. The legs are reddish or brown-red.

## Biology

These bugs feed on Rubus species.
# Qabaq Tappeh-ye Kord

Qabaq Tappeh-ye Kord (Persian: قباق تپه كرد, also Romanized as Qābāq Tappeh-ye Kord; also known as Ghabagh Tappeh Mehraban, Qābākh Tappah, Qābāq Tappeh, and Qapaq Tepe) is a village in Gol Tappeh Rural District, Gol Tappeh District, Kabudarahang County, Hamadan Province, Iran. It had 628 residents, in 142 families, at the time of the 2006 Census.
# Wad al-'Abbas

Wad al-'Abbas (Arabic: ود العباس) is one of the oldest cities in the province of Sinār, Sudan. It was founded by Sheik Muhammad 'Alī 'Abbās, who came from the district of Wahīb in Northern, Sudan, where he was a learned and devout man. He founded a centre for teaching of the Qur'ān.
* This Sudan location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Barsoi–Radhikapur branch line

The Barsoi–Radhikapur branch line links Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line on Barsoi Junction railway station from Radhikapur railway station on the Bangladesh–India border.

## History

Assam Behar State Railway extended the metre-gauge railway from Parbatipur, now in Bangladesh, to Katihar in 1889. With the partition of India in 1947, the Katihar–Radhikapur section remained in India and the Biral–Parbatipur section was placed in Pakistan (later Bangladesh).

## The railway line

When the broad-gauge railway line, instead of being placed at Dalkhola–Malda via Raiganj, was moved to Dalkhola–Barsoi–Malda this section, became only a branch line. This branch line starts at Barsoi railway station and ends at Radhikapur railway station where the Indo-Bangladesh border lies. The Barsoi–Radhikapur sector was converted to broad gauge in 2006. The corresponding station on the Bangladesh side is Biral in Dinajpur District. The transit facility in the Radhikapur–Birol sector has remained suspended since 1 April 2005.But now it has been converted to broad gauge and large goods train are travelling with stone boulders from Nepal to Bangladesh through India from March 2017 and it was officially operationalised and announced open in April 2017. The railway track on the Indian side has been converted to 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge while that on the Bangladesh side has been made into Dual gauge.
There are 10 railway stations in this branch line. 7 of them are in Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal and the rest are in Katihar district of Bihar.

## Stations

| Station code | Station name | Distance (km) |
| RDP | Radhikapur | 0.0 |
| DLX | Dalimgaon | 6.2 |
| KAJ | Kaliyaganj | 12.1 |
| BJY | Bangalbaree | 21.9 |
| BMGR | Bamangram | 25.1 |
| RGJ | Raiganj | 32.2 |
| JTK | Jhitkia | 38.8 |
| KAU | Kachna | 42.8 |
| DHNA | Dhachna | 49.1 |
| BOE | Barsoi Junction | 53.4 |
# Two Medicine Campground Camptender's Cabin

The Two Medicine Campground Camptender's Cabin in Glacier National Park is an example of the National Park Service Rustic style. Built in 1923 and altered in 1992, when it gained electricity, it was the chief point of administrative contact in the park's Two Medicine area and served as a seasonal ranger residence.