OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Västgöta Nation, Lund

The Västgöta Nation, colloquially known as VG's, is one of thirteen student nations at Lund University in Sweden. With its 2,751 members, it is the fifth-largest nation in Lund - ranking behind Malmö but ahead of Kalmar Nation.

## History

The nation traces its history to 28 January 1669, exactly one year after the founding of Lund University.
Due to the Scanian War from 1675 to 1679, the university's and the nation's activities were halted until 1685 for the nation's part. Since 1685, its traditions have followed an unbroken succession, although it merged with Östgöta Nation and Kalmar Nation as the united Götiska Nationen ("the Gothic Nation"), between 1767 and 1821 as a result of low student numbers at the university.
Since its founding, the purpose of the nation was to offer social support and a meeting place for students who came from Västergötland. Membership numbers remained low, however, hovering around only 20-30 students up until the 1900s. During its first centuries of existence the nation had no house of its own. The primary meeting spot tended to be the home of the Inspektor. The founding of the Academic Society in the mid-1800s allowed for the nation to operate out of the society's Castle.
Around a hundred years later, during a looming shortage of student housing, plans for a Västgöta nation house were put into motion, with Västgötagården being inaugurated in 1954. Sports, culture and dance parties were the core tenets of the nation's activities. By the 1990s, the nation had around 500 members.
With student union and nation membership for students in Lund and Uppsala becoming voluntary in 2010, all nations had to reorganize their activities to attract students. On Västgöta's part, food and cooking was made the nation's staple along with its Metro nightclub.
The nation is commonly referred to as a restaurant and bar, as well as a nightclub; it is one of many venues to host "sittnings" (formal dinners) and events.
# Gosford, Oxfordshire

Gosford is a village immediately southeast of Kidlington, in the Cherwell district, Oxfordshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Gosford and Water Eaton. The 2011 Census recorded Gosford and Water Eaton's parish population as 1,373.

## History

Gosford seems to have been a township of the parish of Kidlington until 1142, when the manor of Gosford was granted to the Order of Knights Hospitaller. The Order held it until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 16th century. In the 16th century Gosford was administered with Water Eaton. The toponym "Gosford" is derived from Old English and means "goose ford". It was recorded as Goseford in 1242–46 and Goseforde in 1316.
There has been a bridge across the River Cherwell at Gosford since at least 1319, when it was recorded in a patent roll. In 1395 it was recorded as Gosefordebrugge. In the 16th century the antiquarian John Leland noted that it was a stone bridge. In the 17th century the cartographer John Ogilby recorded it as Offord Bridge. In the 17th century "Mr. Richard Washington, gent" (died 1670) maintained a school at Gosford. In 1838 a penny post station was opened in Gosford. There was a full post office by 1847 that remained until 1853. Gosford was formerly a hamlet in the parish of Kidlington, in 1866 Gosford became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished to form "Gosford and Water Eaton", parts also went to form Hampton Gay and Poyle and to Kidlington. In 1931 the parish had a population of 75. In 1932 a secondary school, Kidlington Church of England Central School, was founded in Gosford. It is now Gosford Hill School.

## Amenities

Gosford has an 18th-century pub, the King's Arms, in Bicester Road. It is now a Miller & Carter steakhouse. Gosford also has a J Sainsbury supermarket with a filling station.

### Public transport

Stagecoach in Oxfordshire bus route S5 and Diamond bus route 250 serve Bicester Road. Route S5 is a direct service between Oxford and Bicester that runs seven days a week. Route 250 also links Oxford and Bicester, but runs via various villages including Upper Heyford. Route 250 runs from Mondays to Saturdays, mostly at hourly intervals. It has no late evening service, and no service on Sundays or bank holidays. Numerous Oxford Bus Company and Stagecoach bus routes serve Oxford Road, which forms Gosford's western boundary with Kidlington Garden City. Buses that serve Bicester Road or Oxford Road link Gosford with Oxford Parkway railway station, which is at Water Eaton, about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Gosford.
# Karaikal Airport

Karaikal Airport is a greenfield airport under construction at Karaikal, in the union territory of Puducherry, India. The District Administration of Karaikal had acquired around 300 acres of land in 2013 near Nedungadu and handed over to Coimbatore based Super Airport Infrastructure Private Limited to build the airport. By August 2019, since no progress had been made in executing the project and since the licence issued to the company had expired, the district administration decided to engage CIAL, the operators of Cochin International Airport to advise it on carrying the airport project forward.

## History

Karaikal was touted to become the first airport in the country to be built entirely with private capital. The Air Traffic Control, however, was to be operated by the Airports Authority of India (AAI).
The greenfield project, proposed with 100% private ownership for public use, received in-principle clearance from the Ministry of Civil Aviation in February 2011. Construction work was scheduled to commence in May 2013. However, the project became dormant because the promoters could not raise the minimum of ₹ 100 crores required to begin construction of the runway. The airport project site, spread across 562 acres, was to be developed by Karaikal Airport Private Limited, a subsidiary of Coimbatore based Super Airport Infrastructure Private Limited (SAPL). The first phase of construction initially envisaged the construction of an 1,800-metre runway and a terminal building capable of handling 250 passengers during peak hours at an expense of ₹ 60 crore. The airport was expected to handle airliners like the Boeing 737. Citing delays in land acquisition, the company decided to build a shorter 1,250 metre long runway in the first phase, suitable for the operation of 30 seater aircraft The company had planned to expand the airport after five years, extending the runway to 2,600 metres and increasing terminal building capacity to 500 passengers per hour. A further expansion planned ten years down the line would envisage a 3,500-metre runway and a passenger capacity of 1,000 per hour. SAPL claimed that construction is would be completed before June 2018, but August 2019, since no progress had been made in executing the project and the licence issued to the company expired, the district administration decided to engage CIAL, the operators of Cochin International Airport to advise it on carrying the airport project forward.
# Gösta Gustafson

Gösta Gustafson (15 November 1886 – 19 January 1963) was a Swedish stage and film actor. He acted prolifically in the theatre and on screen for several decades.

## Selected filmography

* The People of Simlang Valley (1924)
* The Counts at Svansta (1924)
* Ingmar's Inheritance (1925)
* The Girl in Tails (1926)
* Sealed Lips (1927)
* Sin (1928)
* The Strongest (1929)
* Ulla, My Ulla (1930)
* Love and the Home Guard (1931)
* Colourful Pages (1931)
* Hotel Paradis (1931)
* Tired Theodore (1931)
* Synnöve Solbakken (1934)
* He, She and the Money (1936)
* The Pale Count (1937)
* A Cruise in the Albertina (1938)
* Adolf Saves the Day (1938)
* Art for Art's Sake (1938)
* A Girl for Me (1943)
* The Old Clock at Ronneberga (1944)
* The Girl and the Devil (1944)
* I Am Fire and Air (1944)
* The Journey Away (1945)
* The Rose of Tistelön (1945)
* Harald the Stalwart (1946)
* The Bells of the Old Town (1946)
* Lars Hård (1948)
* Åsa-Nisse (1949)
* The White Cat (1950)
* The Quartet That Split Up (1950)
* U-Boat 39 (1952)
* The Clang of the Pick (1952)
* Barabbas (1953)
* Unmarried Mothers (1953)
* All the World's Delights (1953)
* The Girl from Backafall (1953)
* Storm Over Tjurö (1954)
* Our Father and the Gypsy (1954)
* Darling of Mine (1955)
# Gerard Vaughan (art historian)

Gerard Ronald Vaughan AM FAHA (born 27 September 1953) is an Australian art historian and curator. He was director of the National Gallery of Victoria from 1999 to 2012, and was director of the National Gallery of Australia from 2014 to 2018.

## Early life and education

Vaughan was born in Devonport, Tasmania, in 1953. He was educated in Melbourne at Christian Brothers College, St Kilda and the University of Melbourne where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts with Honours and a Master of Arts, writing his thesis on French symbolist painter Maurice Denis.

## Oxford

In 1981, Vaughan undertook doctoral research at the University of Oxford on the collecting of Roman antiquities in 18th century England, concentrating on the collector and antiquary Charles Townley, in the context of neoclassical taste. He remained in England for eighteen years, holding several academic positions there as a visiting scholar, resident fellow at Wolfson College, London-based consultant for the Felton Bequest at the National Gallery of Victoria, and private secretary to the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, Sir Patrick Neill, and later, Sir Richard Southwood. In 1991, Vaughan was made deputy director of Campaign for Oxford, the university's fundraising appeal. In 1994, Vaughan was appointed inaugural Director of the British Museum Development Trust, with special responsibility for funding Norman Foster's Great Court.

## Australia

In 1999, Vaughan returned to Australia, where he was appointed director and CEO of the National Gallery of Victoria (NGV). At the NGV, he prioritised fundraising from the private sector, firstly for the NGV's 1999–2003 redevelopment program, including Mario Bellini's re-thinking of Sir Roy Grounds' 1960s principal building, and a new building for Australian art in nearby Federation Square, by Lab Partners. He also gave attention to the gallery's foundation, increasing its capital reserves from $9 million in 1999 to some $50 million in 2011, and funding major acquisitions. Vaughan elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 2007 and appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2011 Australia Day Honours for services to the arts.
In 2014, Vaughan was announced as the new director of the National Gallery of Australia (NGA), replacing Ron Radford who had headed the gallery for ten years.
In September 2017, Vaughan announced his retirement, allowing the NGA a year to find his successor. In April 2018, it was announced that Nick Mitzevich, the director of the Art Gallery of South Australia, would take over at the start of July.
Vaughan appears in the 2019 documentary film D'art directed by Karl von Möller.
# Ladder streets

Ladder streets are narrow streets in Hong Kong comprising steps. Most are found between Central and Sheung Wan and Mid-Levels on Hong Kong Island, from Queen's Road Central, through Hollywood Road and a few other cross streets, to Caine Road at the Mid-Levels. Other ladder streets exist outside of the immediate Mid-Levels area, such as Sands Street in Kennedy Town.
Note that there is indeed a street named Ladder Street, composed entirely of stone steps, in Sheung Wan.
While some ladder streets are made only of traditional steps, some at a moderate incline have portions that could be traversed with a rickshaw or cart. These portions had raised stones perpendicular to the street at regular intervals acting like a ratchet so that carts and rickshaws could be easily stopped and parked. This kind of paving can be found on Pottinger Street.
The Duddell Street steps were declared a monument by the Antiquities and Monuments Office.

## History

Shortly after their arrival in Hong Kong, the British built administrative buildings on the northern shore of the island, in the area which came to be called Victoria and later called Central. The water met the island at what is now Queen's Road. There was no flat land, so during the brief tenure of Sir Henry Pottinger, the first governor of the colony, from 1841 to 1844, streets of steps were planned. The first recorded ladder street was built between Queen's Road and Gough Street in 1845. Remaining ladder streets steps are some of the very oldest structures in the territory.
The streets were originally made with the local pink granite. Most have been replaced with concrete.

## Ladder streets

* Shin Hing Street
* Pound Lane
* Ladder Street
* Sands Street
* Duddell Street
* Tung Street
* Bridges Street
* Aberdeen Street
* Shing Wong Street
* Pottinger Street
* Castle Steps
* Tank Lane
* Pottinger St 1930s
* Pottinger St 2005
* Mee Lun St 2005
* Aberdeen St 2006
* Pound Ln 2006
* Lane off Hollywood Rd 2006
* Sands St 2007
* Tai Ping Shan St 2008
* Tai Ping Shan St 2008
* Sands St 2009
* Mee Lun St 2009
* Duddell St 2013
* Sands St 2014
* Wan Tin Path 2014
* Pound Ln 2016
* Ladder St 2017
# Jean Smet

Jean Smet was a Belgian wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle lightweight at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Claus Mørch (fencer, born 1976)

Claus Severin Mørch (born 3 April 1976) is a Norwegian fencer.
He was a brother of fencer Margrete Mørch, and a grandson of Claus Mørch Sr., son of Claus Mørch Jr. and nephew of Ole Mørch, who all fenced for Norway at the Olympics. He grew up at Bygdøy in Oslo.
He and his sister were coached by Mariusz Piasecki. While Claus Mørch never competed in the Olympics, he won the bronze medal at the 2005 World Fencing Championships. He had formerly been a promising fencer in the age categories, winning bronze medal at the 1991 World Youth Championships, gold medal at the 1993 World Youth Championships, bronze medal at the 1994 European Youth Championships, gold medal at the 1995 European Junior Championships and bronze medal at the 1995 World Junior Championships. He won the Norwegian Championships every year from 1995 through 2007, except 1996.
# Helen Donaldson

Helen Donaldson (born 14 March 1968 in Rockhampton, Queensland) is an Australian operatic soprano, best known for her performances of the heroines in Gilbert and Sullivan operas.

## Biography

Donaldson started singing at the age of seven, after winning an eisteddfod. She was trained at the Queensland Conservatorium of Music, Brisbane, and graduated with a Bachelor of Music and a Graduate Diploma in Opera. While at university, her roles included Phyllis in Gilbert and Sullivan's Iolanthe.
Her first professional role was as a chorus member and swing in The Phantom of the Opera in 1990. The role that gave her recognition in Australia was Mabel in Essgee Entertainment's The Pirates of Penzance (1994). A review of the video recording of this productio nin The Canberra Times stated: "Donaldson ... has a voice truly suited to light,lyric opera and, for my part, is a cut above the other cast in talent and vocal technique." Its soundtrack won a 1995 ARIA Award. Her other Essgee shows were The Mikado (as Yum-Yum), HMS Pinafore (as Josephine), A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1999, as Philia) and The Merry Widow (as Anna in Brisbane, in 1998; and as Valencienne in Melbourne, Victoria, Adelaide, South Australia, and Perth, Western Australia, in 1999).
Donaldson has performed in more than twenty operas, including Cinderella's Bad Magic as Cinderella, and Don Pasquale, variously in Russia, the United States and Brazil. In 2007, she returned to live in Caloundra, Queensland, Australia and rejoined Essgee, reprising the role of Yum-Yum in The Mikado in 2008 and 2009.
She has four children.
# Military districts of Poland

Military districts of Poland were created in the aftermath of World War I, at a time when Poland regained its independence.
Initially, right after the First World War, Polish Land Forces had five military districts. (1918–1921):
* Kraków Military District (Krakowski Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Kraków
* Łódź Military District (Łódzki Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Łódź
* Lublin Military District (Lubelski Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Lublin.
* Poznań Military District (Poznański Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Poznań
* Warsaw Military District (Warszawski Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Warsaw.
In 1921, due to reorganization, the military districts were replaced with Dowództwo Okręgu Korpusu (DOK – Corps District Command). In the Second Polish Republic there were ten DOK's:
* I – Warsaw
* II – Lublin
* III – Grodno
* IV – Łódź
* V – Kraków
* VI – Lwów
* VII – Poznań
* VIII – Toruń
* IX – Brześć nad Bugiem
* X – Przemyśl
Each DOK consisted of four large units (three infantry divisions and one cavalry brigade).
For district arrangements after World War II see Polish Land Forces. The Kraków Military District disbanded in 1953.
From 1999 Poland has been divided into two military districts, the Pomeranian Military District and the Silesian Military District, both were disbanded by the end of 2011.
# Rock & Roll Is Good for You: The Fieger/Averre Demos

Rock & Roll Is Good for You: The Fieger/Averre Demos is an album by The Knack which was released on September 11, 2012. It includes demo recordings made by Doug Fieger and Berton Averre made between 1973 and 1975. Most of the songs are performed by just Fieger and Averre, both singing and playing guitar, but some songs include the full band. Two of the songs, "Good Girls Don't" and "That's What the Little Girls Do," were released in more polished form on the Knack's debut album, Get the Knack. Other songs whose demos appear on Rock & Roll Is Good for You later provided elements for other Knack songs. For example, "Corporation Shuffle (Daddy Turns the Volume Down)," described by Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine as "a nifty bit of fuzzy, snarky rock & roll in the vein of the Move," provided the basis for "Terry & Julie Step Out," a song from the 1998 album Zoom.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine praises the "pop craftsmanship" shown by Fieger and Averre on the album. He also notes that "the best moments are the noisiest" but that the quieter moments are fine too. He also states that the songs on the album demonstrate that the Knack had the ability to be "more than a one-hit wonder."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Doug Fieger, except where noted
* "Have a Heart" - 2:14
* "Corporation Shuffle (Daddy Turns the Volume Down)" (Fieger, Berton Averre) - 3:11
* "Good Girls Don't" - 3:14
* "Little Lies" (Fieger, Averre) - 2:26
* "Flower My Fate" - 3:54
* "Weiss On Rye (Hold the Mavo)" - 3:21
* "You'll Never Know" - 2:33
* "That's What the Little Girls Do - 2:48
* "Get On the Plane" - 2:14
* "(Here On This) Lonely Night" - 2:33
* "Lazer Days" - 4:12
* "The Other Side (Of the Line)" - 3:22
* "Who'll Set You Down" - 2:45
* "Mama I Feel Your Sadness" - 2:39
* "What Ya Gonna Do Now?" - 2:18
* "Rock & Roll Is Good for You" - 3:31

### Notes

Tracks 1–6, 11–12 recorded 1975, tracks 7–10, 13–16 recorded 1973.

## Personnel

* Lee Lodyga – compilation producer, liner notes
* Cheryl Pawelski – compilation producer
* Gavin Lurssen – mastering
* Reuben Cohen – mastering
* Greg Allen – art direction, design
# Lwemiyaga County

Lwemiyaga County is a county in the Central Region of Uganda.

## Location

Lwemiyaga County is north-west of Mawogola County, and together they form Sembabule District. The county consists of two sub-counties: (a) Lwemiyaga sub-county and (b) Ntuusi sub-county. Urban centers in the county include Lwemiyaga and Ntuusi, located about 21 kilometres (13 mi) apart.

## Overview

Lwemiyaga County is in the dry cattle corridor of Uganda. Drought is one of the challenges that the county faces, along with bad roads and electricity shortages. Major economic activity is farming of both crops and animals.
# Pucker Up

Pucker Up is the second studio album by American disco act Lipps Inc. The album was released in 1980 on Casablanca Records. The album contains the minor hit "How Long", a cover of the 1974 hit by Ace, reaching number 4 on the U.S. dance chart and number 29 on the U.S. soul singles chart. It was not as successful as the group's previous album.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | link |
Pucker Up received mixed reviews from critics. AllMusic's Amy Hanson said "Unfortunately, that one song (How Long) is the album, and the rest just pales in its wake. And, if the truth were to be told, the album itself pales in the wake of "Funkytown". Sometimes it's better to be remembered as a one-hit wonder."

## Track listing

All songs written by Steven Greenberg, except where noted.

## Charts
### Album

| Chart (1980) | Position |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 40 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 46 |

### Singles

| Year | Song | Chart | Position |
| 1981 | "How Long" | U.S. Dance Chart | 4 |
| 1981 | "How Long" | U.S. Soul Singles Chart | 29 |

## Sales and certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Hong Kong (IFPI Hong Kong) | Gold | 10,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||

## Personnel

The following personnel are credited on the album:
Musicians
* Cynthia Johnson - lead vocals
* Steven Greenberg - drums (1–6), bass (1–6), synthesizers (1–3), piano (1–5), percussion (3–6), organ (4), background vocals (2, 3)
* David Rivkin - guitar (1)
* Roger Dumas - synthesizers (1), programming (1, 2, 6)
Technical
* Steven Greenberg - producer
* Steven Productions - executive productions
* Chris Bellman - mastering
* David Rivkin - recording
* Phyllis Chotin - art direction
* Art Hotel - design
* Sketch Bruckner - Illustration
# Ringland, Norfolk

Ringland is a village and civil parish in Norfolk, England, and in the valley of the River Wensum, approximately 7 miles (11 km) north-west of Norwich. Parts of the Wensum valley within the parish constitute a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Ringland had a 2021 population of 236, in an area of 1.95 square miles (5.1 km$^2$).
The villages name means 'land of Rymi's people'.
The parish church of St Peter's has a 13th-century tower and a 14th-15th century nave and chancel.
The higher terrain of Ringland Hills lies within the parish to the east of the village and north of the Wensum, and are thought to be a glacial terminal moraine, much the same as Cromer ridge. The soil here is sandy with flint pebbles. Painter Alfred Munnings produced a work entitled Ponies on Ringland Hills.
The village has extensive common land: a lower area on the river Wensum and an upper area with the remains of a Beaker pit in the direction of Weston Longville.
The river was originally crossed by a wooden footbridge (and a ford for horse-drawn traffic). This was replaced in the 1924 with a concrete structure which remains today. Rare concrete 'tank traps' from World War II still exist by the banks of the Wensum.
The village originally had two public houses, the King of Prussia and the Swan Inn. The King of Prussia was renamed 'The Union Jack' during the First World War, and finally closed in the 1964. The Swan closed in 2022.
# Catton, Northumberland

Catton is a village in Northumberland, England. It is about 7 miles (11 km) to the southwest of Hexham and is located on the outskirts of Allendale.
It is featured as a key location in Stewart Pringle's 2024 play The Bounds, which premiered at Live Theatre, Newcastle before transferring to the Royal Court, London.