OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Victor Zotov

Victor Dmitrievich Zotov (16 September 1908 – 26 May 1977) was a New Zealand botanist.
Zotov was born in Vladivostok, Russian Empire and in 1924, together with his parents, immigrated to New Zealand, after the Russian Revolution. He attended Feilding Agricultural High School from 1925 to 1927, where he was taught by H.H.Allan, with whom he went to work in 1928 (having written his first scientific paper) at the Plant Research Station in Palmerston North. In 1936 this became the Plant Research Bureau within the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, and he continued working in the Botany Division of this organisation until his retirement in 1968.
Zotov's primary research interest was in New Zealand grasses, writing papers on canary grasses, Arundinoideae and especially Gramineae. He was also interested in the vegetation of the Tararua Ranges where he enjoyed tramping, and additionally published on soil erosion. Zotov was one of the botanists on the 1949 New Zealand American Fiordland Expedition.

## Selected publications

* (1928) Observations and experiments on the suckling clover content of the pastures on the school farm. Feilding Agricultural College Bulletin 7: 9-11
* Zotov, V.D. (1940). "Certain types of soil erosion and resultant relief features on the higher mountains of New Zealand". New Zealand of Science and Technology. 21B: 256–262.
* Zotov, V.D. (1971). "Simplicia T. Kirk (Gramineae)". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 9 (3): 539–544. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200. ISSN 0028-825X. pdf
* Zotov, V.D. (1971). "Zoysia Willd. (Gramineae) in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 9 (4): 639–644. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430226. ISSN 0028-825X. pdf
* Zotov, V.D. (1973). "Hierochloe R. Br. (Gramineae) in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 11 (3): 561–580. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1973.10430299. ISSN 0028-825X. pdf

## Some published names

* Chionochloa flavescens Zotov, New Zealand J. Bot. i. 97 (1963).
* Chionochloa antarctica (Hook.f.) Zotov, New Zealand J. Bot. i. 99 (1963).
* Erythranthera Zotov, New Zealand J. Bot. i. 124 (1963) (accepted name Rytidosperma Steud.)
* Notodanthonia Zotov, New Zealand J. Bot. i. 104 (1963) (accepted name Rytidosperma Steud.)
* Lachnagrostis lyallii (Hook.f.) Zotov, in Rec. Domin. Mus., N. Zeal. v. 142 (1965).
# Veronicella sloanii

Veronicella sloanii, commonly called the pancake slug, is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial, pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Veronicellidae, the leatherleaf slugs.

## Description

When extended, this slug can attain a length of 12 cm (5 in.). It is highly variable in coloration and positive identification depends on dissection and inspection of the genitalia. It is usually very pale in color, ranging from mottle pale yellow, cream to white. It may have irregular black spotting or speckling all over the dorsal surface that may coalesce into two poorly defined bands running down either side of the body; in the juveniles, these two bands may be clearer and better defined as grey bands, especially anteriorly. Occasionally the slug can be mostly brownish. The only constant color character among different Caribbean island populations is the eye stalk, which is bluish grey with a light brown tip.

## Distribution

The indigenous distribution of Veronicella sloanii is Jamaica. The type locality is in Jamaica.
Other non-indigenous distribution includes:
* Barbados
* Bermuda
* Dominica - first report from Dominica in 2009
* Dominican Republic
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent
* Cuba (Bahia Honda in Pinar del Río Province).
This slug has been introduced to Florida and it has become an agricultural pest there.
Controversially Cowie et al. (2009) considered this species has not yet become established in the US, but it is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore, it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA.

## Ecology
### Habitat

This slug lives in moist conditions and is nocturnal.
The best times to hunt for the slug is after rainfall. They rest under boards, logs and other objects lying on the ground.

### Feeding habits

This species attacks a wide variety of agricultural and horticultural plants including banana, plantain, various beans and peas, peanut, eggplant, cultivars of Brassica (e.g., broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower), carrot, hot and sweet peppers, various citrus species, lettuce, sweet potato, dasheen, eddoe, tannia, tomato, and yam.

### Life cycle

The slug lays a clutch of about 30 eggs, which are about 5 mm in diameter. The hatching time in captivity was 15 days at 24 °C.

## Importance for humans

This species is an agricultural pest.
They should not be handled with bare hands because they serve as intermediate hosts of the nematode Angiostrongylus costaricensis, which causes a disease called human abdominal angiostrongyliasis.
# Judge Lawson

Judge Lawson may refer to:
* C. Alan Lawson (born 1961), judge of the Florida Fifth District Court of Appeal, and later justice of the Supreme Court of Florida
* David M. Lawson (born 1951), judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan
* Hugh Lawson (judge) (1941–2024), judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia
* James Anthony Lawson (1817–1887), judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Ireland
* Marjorie McKenzie Lawson (1912–2002), judge of the Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia
* Thomas G. Lawson (1835–1912), judge of the Superior Courts of Ocmulgee circuit of Georgia
# Poor box

A poor box, alms box, offertory box, or mite box is a box that is used to collect coins for charitable purposes. They can be found in most Christian churches built before the 19th century and were the main source of funds for poor relief.
Contemporary mite boxes are usually made of cardboard and given out to church congregations during the Lenten season. The mite boxes are collected by the church, and the donations are given to the poor. Mite boxes are popular with children because they can fill them with small change, teaching them the principle of giving alms to the poor. The Mite box promotes the spirit of contributing based on the intent to help others, and not on the monetary amount.

## History

The origin of the mite box is very old. In 2 Kings 12:9, the priest Jehoiada bored a hole in the lid of a chest and placed it near the first altar. However, this was to fund maintenance rather than alms.
Pope Innocent III, at the end of the twelfth century, allowed some mite boxes to be placed in churches so that the faithful people could at any time dispose their alms.
Many Catholic parish churches in Ireland have two collection boxes, one "for the church" and the other "for the poor". The Irish lower courts also have a court poor box, where a judge can direct a defendant to make a donation to a charity in lieu of a conviction.

## Mite

The term mite, according to the dictionary, is defined as any of the following:
* a very small contribution or amount of money, such as a widow's mite.
* a very small object, creature, or particle.
* a coin of very small value, especially an obsolete British coin worth half a farthing.
An alms box is a strong chest or box often fastened to the wall of a church to receive offerings for the poor.
The etymology of the word mite comes through Middle English and Middle Dutch from the Middle Low German mīte, a small Flemish coin or tiny animal. In biblical times, a mite or lepton was a small coin of almost no worth.
# Thomas Yale

Thomas Yale may refer to:
* Thomas Yale (chancellor) (1525/6–1577), Chancellor of Lord Archbishop Matthew Parker
* Thomas Yale (New Haven Colony) (1616–1683), captain and cofounder of New Haven Colony
* Thomas Yale (Wallingford) (1647–1736), captain and cofounder of Wallingford, Connecticut
# Perrault (horse)

Perrault (1977–2001) was a British-bred Champion Thoroughbred racehorse who competed successfully in both France and the United States. A grandson of Tanerko, Perrault's great-grandsire was the French champion Tantieme who won the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe back-to- back in 1950 and 1951. Racing at age three and four in France, Perrault won five important Conditions races.
Owned by Swiss businessman Serge Fradkoff and the Dutch banker Baron Thierry van Zuylen, a member of the Rothschild family, in 1982 Perrault was sent to race in the United States. Based in California, under U.S. Hall Of Fame trainer Charlie Whittingham, Perrault won several important races including the prestigious Arlington Million and Hollywood Gold Cup. He finished first in the 1982 Santa Anita Handicap but was disqualified to second.
Perrault was considered the leading candidate for U.S. Horse of the Year honors until he injured a tendon while competing in the Marlboro Cup and had to be retired. Nonetheless, his 1982 performances still earned him the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Male Turf Horse.
Syndicated and retired to stud duty, Perrault sired 119 winners before he died in 2001.
# Treppenspeicher

A Treppenspeicher (literally "staircase store") is the German term for a granary or secondary farm building used for storage and is typical of the Lüneburg Heath area in northern Germany. The upper storey of the store was usually accessed via a flight of steps on the outside of the building, usually at one of the gable ends, thus giving the building its name.

## Description

Treppenspeicher are only relatively small buildings. They are witness to the craftsmanship of carpenters in the farming community. Their solid, wooden construction ensured that the interior stayed dry and they were so tightly planked that the stored produce was protected from mice. These stores used to be built within sight but at a distance from the main farmhouse. This ensured that, if the farmhouse caught fire, the fire would not spread to the stores. They were often used as sleeping accommodation for farm hands.
Treppenspeicher were typical of the Lüneburg Heath. Here they remained in use until well into the 19th century. They increasingly disappeared however because they are no longer practical today. Nowadays the storerooms are normally part of the farmhouse itself.
In former times there was at least one, but usually several, stores on each heath farm, serving all sorts of purposes. They were used to store grain, buckwheat, flax, cotton, linen, wool, honey, meat, bacon, and clothes. They were often used as sleeping accommodations for the farmhands.

## Surviving Treppenspeicher

Today, Treppenspeicher may be visited at the following places on the Lüneberg Heath:
* Lutterloh
* Hermannsburg Local History Museum
* Schröershof and Schäferhof Farms in Neuenkirchen
* Stimbekhof Farm in Oberhaverbeck
* Peetshof Farm in Wietzendorf
* De Theeshof Local History Museum in Schneverdingen

## Gallery

* Old Treppenspeicher on the Lüneburg Heath
* 400-year-old Treppenspeicher on the Hiesterhof
* 1709 Treppenspeicher in Oberohe
* 1767 Treppenspeicher in Baven
* 1808 Treppenspeicher in Weesen
* Protected 1839 Treppenspeicher in Bollersen (Celle county)
* Treppenspeicher in Wilsede
# Richmond Local Municipality

Richmond Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wase Richmond) is a local municipality within the Umgungundlovu District Municipality, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.
Richmond was named after the Earl of Richmond, father in law of Sir Peregrine Maitland, Governor of the Cape from 1844 to 1847.

## Main places

The 2001 census divided the municipality into the following main places:
| Place | Code | Area (km$^2$) | Population |
| Esiphahleni | 51301 | 18.25 | 2,847 |
| Richmond | 51305 | 37.38 | 14,162 |
| Vumakwenza | 51303 | 101.88 | 10,790 |
| Vumindaba | 51304 | 26.84 | 20,367 |
| Remainder of the municipality | 51302 | 1,047.71 | 15,050 |

## Politics

The municipal council consists of fourteen members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Seven councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in seven wards, while the remaining seven are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of nine seats on the council. The following table shows the results of the election.
| Party | Party | Ward | Ward | Ward | List | List | List | Total seats |
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Total seats |
| | African National Congress | 11,027 | 68.68 | 6 | 11,244 | 70.86 | 3 | 9 |
| | Economic Freedom Fighters | 1,889 | 11.77 | 0 | 1,961 | 12.36 | 2 | 2 |
| | Democratic Alliance | 1,051 | 6.55 | 0 | 1,120 | 7.06 | 1 | 1 |
| | Independent candidates | 1,251 | 7.79 | 1 | | | | 1 |
| | Inkatha Freedom Party | 231 | 1.44 | 0 | 836 | 5.27 | 1 | 1 |
| | Patriotic Alliance | 156 | 0.97 | 0 | 202 | 1.27 | 0 | 0 |
| | United Democratic Movement | 135 | 0.84 | 0 | 135 | 0.85 | 0 | 0 |
| | African Transformation Movement | 125 | 0.78 | 0 | 142 | 0.89 | 0 | 0 |
| | People's Freedom Party | 110 | 0.69 | 0 | 127 | 0.80 | 0 | 0 |
| | Abantu Batho Congress | 80 | 0.50 | 0 | 102 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 16,055 | 100.00 | 7 | 15,869 | 100.00 | 7 | 14 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 16,055 | 98.06 | | 15,869 | 97.69 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 318 | 1.94 | | 375 | 2.31 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 16,373 | 100.00 | | 16,244 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 32,562 | 50.28 | | 32,562 | 49.89 | | |
# Street Singer (album)

Street Singer is a hard bop album jointly led by tenor Tina Brooks and alto Jackie McLean. The tracks "Appointment in Ghana", "A Ballad for Doll" and "Isle of Java" were originally released in 1960 on McLean's album Jackie's Bag. The full session, including three previously unreleased tracks, was first released on the Japanese Blue Note label in 1980.

## Track listing

* "Melonae's Dance" (McLean) - 6:50
* "Appointment in Ghana" (McLean) - 6:59
* "Medina" (Brooks) - 6:48
* "Isle of Java" (Brooks) - 7:31
* "Street Singer" (Brooks) - 10:19
* "A Ballad for Doll" (McLean) - 3:19

## Personnel

* Tina Brooks - tenor saxophone
* Jackie McLean - alto saxophone
* Blue Mitchell - trumpet
* Kenny Drew - piano
* Paul Chambers - bass
* Art Taylor - drums
# Vesperus xatarti

Vesperus xatarti is a species of brown coloured beetle in the family Vesperidae, found in the Balearic Islands, France, and Spain.
# Veronicella

Veronicella is a genus of tropical air-breathing land slugs in the family Veronicellidae, the leatherleaf slugs.
Veronicella cubensis and V. sloanii are known as agricultural pests.

## Species

Species within the genus Veronicella include:
* Veronicella cubensis (Pfeiffer, 1840) – Cuban slug
* Veronicella portoricensis (Semper, 1886)
* Veronicella sloanii (Cuvier, 1817) (orth. var. Veronicella sloanii) – pancake slug
* Veronicella tenax Baker, 1931
* Veronicella sp. from Dominica - an as yet undescribed species

## Gallery

* Veronicella cubensis
* Veronicella sp. from Dominica
# Three Castles Walk, Monmouthshire

The Three Castles Walk is a waymarked long-distance footpath and recreational walk in north-east Monmouthshire, Wales, linking Skenfrith, Grosmont and White Castles.

## Distance

The Three Castles Walk covers 31.2 kilometres (19.4 mi) on a circular route.

## Route

The route links Skenfrith Castle (51°52′42″N 2°47′25″W﻿ / ﻿51.8783°N 2.7903°W﻿ / 51.8783; -2.7903﻿ (Skenfrith Castle)), Grosmont Castle (51°54′55″N 2°51′58″W﻿ / ﻿51.9154°N 2.8661°W﻿ / 51.9154; -2.8661﻿ (Grosmont Castle)) and White Castle (51°50′46″N 2°54′08″W﻿ / ﻿51.8460°N 2.9021°W﻿ / 51.8460; -2.9021﻿ (White Castle)). It follows woods and hills and takes the walker over Graig Syfyrddin (Edmunds Tump), from which there are views of the Welsh Marches, the mountains of South Wales, including the Black Mountains, and the Forest of Dean and beyond.
The Three Castles Walk links with the Offa's Dyke Path (at White Castle) and the Monnow Valley Walk (at Skenfrith and Grosmont).
# Carolina Beatriz Ângelo

Carolina Beatriz Ângelo (16 April 1878 – 3 October 1911) was a Portuguese physician and the first woman to vote in Portugal.

## Life

Carolina Beatriz Ângelo was a medical doctor practising in Lisbon. She was a feminist and suffragette who participated in multiple women's associations. She was a leader of the League of Republican Women and, in 1911, she and Adelaide Cabete founded the Portuguese Association of Feminist Propaganda (Associação de Propaganda Feminista [pt]) of which Ana de Castro Osório became the head.

## Vote

On May 28, 1911 Ângelo cast her vote to elect representatives to the Constituent National Assembly in 1911 in the first elections after the overthrown of the monarchy in the Republican Revolution on 5 October 1910. She used the ambiguity of the law, which granted the right to vote to literate head-of-households over 21, to cast her vote. As a widow and the mother of a daughter, she was a head-of-household. Shortly thereafter, on July 3, 1913, a law was passed to specify the right to vote was only for male citizens, literate and over 21. Her act was widely reported on throughout Portugal and among feminist associations in other countries.

## Tribute

On May 28, 2021, Google celebrated her with a Google Doodle.
# Trapnell

Trapnell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anna Trapnell, alleged Prophetess in England in the 1650s
* Barry Trapnell (1924–2012), English first-class cricketer
* Coles Trapnell (1910–1999), American television producer, writer, and director
* Frederick M. Trapnell (1902–1975), United States Navy admiral and aviation pioneer
* Garrett Brock Trapnell (1938–1993), con man, bank robber, and aircraft hijacker of the 1960s and early 1970s
* Thomas J. H. Trapnell (1902–2002), United States Army general
# Music for "The Knee Plays"

Music for "The Knee Plays" (1985) is an album by David Byrne composed for Robert Wilson's opera the CIVIL warS. The album was released on vinyl; a remastered and expanded CD version was released in November 2007 under the title The Knee Plays and it includes eight previously unreleased bonus tracks and a DVD of the music set to a slideshow of 400 black and white photographs.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Robert Christgau | A− |
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Guardian | |
| Pitchfork Media | 7.5/10 |

## Track listing

All tracks written by David Byrne except where noted.

### DVD track listing
## Personnel

* Garnett Brown - trombone
* Ray Brown - trumpet on tracks 1–5, 10–12
* David Byrne - vocals
* Pete Christlieb - saxophone on tracks 1–5, 10–12
* Rich Cooper - trumpet on tracks 1–5, 10–12
* Ernie Fields Jr. - baritone saxophone
* Chuck Findley - trumpet on tracks 1–4, 11
* Bill Green - baritone saxophone
* Bobbye Hall - percussion
* Dana Hughes - trombone
* Paul Humphrey - drums
* Jackie Kelso - saxophone on tracks 5–10, 12
* Harry Kim - trumpet on tracks 5–10, 12
* Don Myrick - saxophone on tracks 1–4, 11
* Nolan Smith - trumpet on tracks 1–5, 10–12
* David Stout - trombone
* Phil Teil - trombone
* Ernie Watts - saxophone on tracks 1–4, 11
* Fred Wesley - trombone

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| Worldwide | 1985 | Regal Zonophone | LP | 2403811 |
| Worldwide | 1985 | ECM | LP | 25022 |
| Worldwide | 2007 | Nonesuch | CD | 303228 |
# Stranger on the Square

Stranger on the Square is the third volume of Arthur Koestler's autobiography, published posthumously in 1984. It was co-authored with his wife Cynthia Koestler, née Jefferies, and includes autobiographical notes of her as well. The book was published by Hutchinson, London 1984, 242 pages including Index. ISBN 0-09-154330-4. It was edited by Harold Harris, who wrote the Introduction and Epilogue. He was Koestler's editor for many years. The book is illustrated with seven monochrome photographs plus a colour and another monochrome photograph on the dustcover.
The structure of the book is unusual. Part One 1940–1951, has six chapters whose authors are Arthur Koestler and Cynthia Koestler, alternately. Part Two 1951–1956, also consists of six chapters, all by Cynthia Koestler, followed by an Epilogue written by Harold Harris, an Appendix by Arthur Koestler, and an Index.
* This article about a biographical book on writers or poets is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Versioning

Versioning may refer to:
* Version control, the management of changes to documents, computer programs, large web sites, and other collections of information
* Versioning file system, which allows a computer file to exist in several versions at the same time
* Software versioning, the process of assigning either unique version names or numbers to unique states of computer software
# Vignoles, Côte-d'Or

Vignoles (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
# Scientific rigging

Scientific rigging is a term referring to a number of malpractices used by political parties to win elections in West Bengal state in India. These malpractices may include booth capturing, party cadres impersonating genuine voters, polling agents beaten up threatening voters not to vote for the opposition, etc. These malpractices are generally achieved through blatant use of government power and organization of political parties. The term was used by the opposition to the Left Front government in West Bengal.
To prevent scientific rigging the Election Commission of India takes various extremely stringent norms, including a number of check lists, additional visits by officials and even scrutinizing the training of block-level officers.
# Bombollini

"Bombollini" is a song by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea, released in 1984 as the second single from his sixth studio album Wired to the Moon. It was written by Rea, and produced by Rea and Dave Richards. The song failed to make a chart appearance on the UK Singles Chart but reached No. 21 on the Irish Singles Chart.

## Critical reception

On its release, Colin Davidson of the Evening Express wrote: "The comeback continues in fine style. This six minute epic is one good reason why you should buy the Wired to the Moon album." Frank Hopkinson of Number One felt the song "starts off like a teeming eco-system of sound building up slowly and surely". He added: "Those of you with a Dire Straits persuasion may well find it worth further investigation."
In a review of Wired to the Moon, Paul Speelman of The Age described the song as "smouldering". Sharon Mawer of AllMusic retrospectively wrote: "With the success of the band Incantation and ethnic South American music in 1982-1983, Rea introduced Wired to the Moon, with "Bombollini," which was over six minutes of jungle-sounding drums and the haunting sound of pan pipes."

## Track listing
### 7" single

* "Bombollini" – 6:10
* "True Love" – 3:40

### 12" single

* "Bombollini" – 6:10
* "Bombollini (Excerpts From)" – 4:20
* "True Love" – 3:40

### 12" single (Ireland only edition)

* "Bombollini" – 6:10
* "I Can Hear Your Heartbeat" (Special Extended Mix) – 5:50

## Personnel

Bombollini
* Chris Rea - vocals, guitars, keyboards, bass, piano, marimba
* Jeff Seopardi - drums, percussion
Production
* Chris Rea, Dave Richards - producers
Other
* Torchlight, London - cover design

## Charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| Irish Singles Chart | 21 |
# Three Sirens Press

Three Sirens Press was a New York based publisher active in the 1930s. Publications include:
* Oscar Wilde's Salome illustrated by Aubrey Beardsley (with some of the illustrations "sanitized")
* Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray illustrated by Lui Trugo
* Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer illustrated By Richard Rogers
* The Adventures of Baron Munchausen illustrated by Gustave Doré
* Aristophanes’ Lysistrata, the Grecian temptress illustrated By Norman Lindsay
* Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam illustrated By Edmund Sullivan
* Samuel Pepys' Diary illustrated By Randolph Adler