OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chinese in Tonga

A significant Chinese presence in Tonga is relatively recent. There were approximately three or four thousand Chinese people living in Tonga in 2001, thus comprising 3 or 4% of the total Tongan population. This figure includes Tongan citizens of Chinese ethnicity, and marks a sharp increase from the 1996 census, which recorded only 55 persons on Chinese ethnicity living in Tonga. Chinese in Tonga and Chinese Tongans are Tonga's main ethnic minority group, and have been subjected to significant levels of racism, including racist violence, in recent years.
In the 1990s, the Tongan government controversially sold Tongan passports to Chinese nationals and residents of Hong Kong, enabling them to settle in Tonga and leading to the appearance of a visible Chinese community in the South Pacific kingdom. In 1999, the Tonga Chinese Association reported around 40 cases of harassment of Chinese businessmen, including several assaults, and Tonga's then-Crown Prince Tupoutoʻa condemned what he called "the racially motivated and cowardly violence which young jobless and, dare I say it, hopeless Tongans, visited on our Chinese-owned shops [in 1999]; an act of such barbarity that it shamed and disgusted me and every other Tongan of my generation". In 2000, local authorities in Nukunuku banned all Chinese shops from the district.
In 2001, there were about 100 reported cases of racial assault against Chinese by indigenous Tongans, including the destruction of Chinese owned shops. The violence was thought to have been fuelled in part by resentment against Chinese shop-keepers due to high levels of unemployment among indigenous Tongans. Tongan Prime Minister Prince ʻUlakalala Lavaka Ata responded to the violence by announcing that 600 Chinese residents would not have their work permits renewed, and would have to leave the country. This policy contradicted King Taufaʻahau Tupou IV's publicly expressed wish to see more Chinese immigrants settle in Tonga.
In 2006, riots in the Tongan capital, Nukuʻalofa, mainly targeted Chinese-owned businesses, leading to the emigration of several hundred Chinese.
# Pama Airport

Pama Airport (IATA: XPA, ICAO: DFEP) is a public use airport located near Pama, Kompienga Province, Burkina Faso.
# Stoney Cooper

Dale Troy Cooper (October 16, 1918 – March 22, 1977), known professionally as Stoney Cooper, was an American country star and member of the Grand Ole Opry. He played the fiddle and the guitar.

## Biography

Cooper was the son of Kenny and Stella (Raines) Cooper of Harman, West Virginia, United States. His family was among the first settlers of Randolph and Pendleton counties, and these roots in the Appalachian mountains had an impact upon his music.
While in high school, Cooper was a member of the Leary Family Singers. In 1939, he married Wilma Lee Leary. They became Wilma Lee and Stoney Cooper, one of the biggest country music acts of the 1940s through the 1960s. They had one daughter, Carol Lee Cooper.
In 1947, they were cast members of WWVA Jamboree in Wheeling, West Virginia until 1957. Their band was called The Clinch Mountain Clan. In 1948, Cooper signed a recording contract with Columbia with the help of Fred Rose that lasted to 1955. In 1954, Cooper joined the Grand Ole Opry.
He also recorded for Rich-R-Tone, Hickory Records and Decca.

## Death

In 1973, Stoney's health began to fail; he suffered a series of heart attacks and spent long periods in the hospital. Finally, he suffered a heart attack on February 4, 1977, from which he died in the intensive care unit of a Nashville hospital on March 22, 1977.

## Discography
### Singles with Wilma Lee Cooper

| Year | Single | US Country |
| 1956 | "Cheated Too" | 14 |
| 1958 | "Come Walk with Me" (with Carol Lee) | 4 |
| 1959 | "Big Midnight Special" | 4 |
| 1959 | "There's a Big Wheel" | 3 |
| 1960 | "Johnny, My Love (Grandma's Diary)" | 17 |
| 1960 | "This Ole House" | 16 |
| 1961 | "Wreck on the Highway" | 8 |
# Dent de Brenleire

The Dent de Brenleire (French pronunciation:; lit. 'Tooth of Branleire') is a mountain of the Fribourg Alps, located south of Charmey in the Swiss canton of Fribourg. It has an elevation of 2,354 metres above sea level and is amongst the highest summits in the canton of Fribourg, after the Vanil Noir, the Vanil de l'Ecri and the Pointe de Paray. It is also the highest mountain entirely within the canton.
The summit of the Dent de Brenleire is accessible by a trail running on the east side of the mountain, from the Gros Mont.
# Snaketown, Arizona

Snaketown is a populated place situated in Pinal County, Arizona, United States. An Indian village, it is located on the Gila River Indian Community. In the O'odham language, ska-kaik means "many rattlesnakes", and it is from this term that the village derives its name. Snaketown is the location of the archeological site of the same name. It has an estimated elevation of 1,175 feet (358 m) above sea level.
# UNITAS Gold

UNITAS Gold was the 50th iteration of UNITAS, which began in 1959 and is the longest-running multilateral maritime exercise. The 2009 exercises included 25 ships and 70 aircraft from 12 nations and was the 50th time the operation was conducted.
Rear Admiral Joseph D. Kernan, then-Commander, U.S. Fourth Fleet and U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command, remarked that UNITAS helps "nations coordinate efforts to oppose the scourge" of piracy.
# RCAF Station Neepawa

RCAF Station Neepawa was a Second World War British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP) station located near Neepawa, Manitoba, Canada. It was operated and administered by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF).
The station is now operating as the Neepawa Airport.

## History

RCAF Station Neepawa was originally opened by the Royal Air Force on 30 March 1942 near the community of Neepawa, Manitoba, constructed as a component of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. That year, on the 24th of August, it was taken over by the Moncton Flying Club.
RCAF Station Neepawa was originally home to No. 35 Elementary Flying Training School (No. 35 E.F.T.S.).
Tens of thousands of eager BCATP trainees from across the globe spent time in and around small towns throughout Canada, often experiencing severe winter weather for the first time. Their lives in Manitoba, on and off base, are dramatized in the 1993 film For the Moment, starring New Zealand actor Russell Crowe.
On 30 January 1944, No. 35 E.F.T.S. was re-designated No. 26 E.F.T.S. RCAF Station Neepawa was thereafter closed on 25 August 1944.

## Facility
### Aerodrome

In c. 1942, the aerodrome was listed at 50°14′N 99°30′W﻿ / ﻿50.233°N 99.500°W﻿ / 50.233; -99.500 with a variation 12.5 degrees east and elevation of 1,275 ft (389 m). Three runways were listed as follows:
| Runway Name | Length | Width | Surface |
| 15/33 | 2,600 ft (790 m) | 150 ft (46 m) | Hard surfaced |
| 9/27 | 2,550 ft (780 m) | 150 ft (46 m) | Hard surfaced |
| 3/21 | 2,600 ft (790 m) | 150 ft (46 m) | Hard surfaced |

### Relief landing field – Eden

The primary Relief Landing Field (R1) for RCAF Station Neepawa was located 1 mi (1.6 km) east of the unincorporated community of Eden, Manitoba. The relief field consisted of an aircraft hangar, a small landing strip and a maintenance shop. The location of the field was 50°22′23″N 99°26′19″W﻿ / ﻿50.37300°N 99.43850°W﻿ / 50.37300; -99.43850.
# Yvonne Brothier

Yvonne Brothier (born 6 June 1889 in Saint-Julien-l'Ars, Vienne, died in Paris, 22 January 1967) was a soprano operatic singer who worked principally at the Opéra-Comique, Paris.
After singing in Brussels in 1914, she made her début at the Opéra-comique on 13 February 1916 in Lakmé by Delibes. She went on to create roles in Louis Aubert's La forêt bleue (Red Riding Hood) (French premiere), Graziella (title role), Marcel Samuel-Rousseau's Le Hulla (Dilara), Raoul Laparra's Le joueur de viole (the young girl), Fauré's Masques et Bergamasques, Charles-Henri Maréchal's Ping-Sin (title role) and Sylvio Lazzari's Le sauteriot (Orti).
Her repertoire at the Opéra-Comique also included Rosina (The Barber of Seville), Micaëla (Carmen), Olympia (Les contes d'Hoffmann), Melisande (Pelléas et Mélisande), Mireille, Rosenn (Le roi d'Ys), Minka (Le roi malgré lui) and Zaire (Les Indes galantes).
On 26 November 1921, Yvonne Brothier sang the la Marseillaise and airs from Mireille and The Barber of Seville over the radio from the Sainte-Assise transmitter. Her voice reached the rooms of the Lutetia forty kilometres away in Paris.
Brothier appeared at the Paris Opera in 1931 in the first performance of Virginie by Alfred Bruneau, later singing Sophie in Der Rosenkavalier and Rosine in The Barber of Seville (both in French). She also sang in Amsterdam, La Scala and in Spain and north Africa.
She retired in 1940 and devoted herself to teaching. Her husband was the composer Henri Moreau-Febvre.

## Recordings

Brothier sang Micaëla in the complete recording of Carmen conducted by Piero Coppola, and an abridged Pelléas et Mélisande (1927), as well as individual items from roles she sang on stage.
# NGPA

NGPA can refer to
* National General Practice Accreditation medical scheme of Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Australia
* National Portrait Gallery of Australia in Canberra
* Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978
* Next Generation Public Affairs, American firm co-founded by Matt Strawn and Pat Brady
# Swimming at the 2019 Pan American Games – Men's 100 metre butterfly

The men's 100 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 2019 Pan American Games was held on August 7, 2019 at the Villa Deportiva Nacional Videna cluster.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
| World record | Caeleb Dressel (USA) | 49.50 | Gwangju, South Korea | July 26, 2019 |
| Pan American Games record | Giles Smith (USA) | 52.04 | Toronto, Canada | July 16, 2015 |

## Results

| KEY: | q | Fastest non-qualifiers | Q | Qualified | GR | Games record | NR | National record | PB | Personal best | SB | Seasonal best |

### Heats

The first round was held on August 7.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 2 | 4 | Luis Martínez | Guatemala | 51.44 | QA, GR, NR |
| 2 | 2 | 5 | Santiago Grassi | Argentina | 51.92 | QA |
| 3 | 3 | 5 | Matthew Josa | United States | 52.28 | QA |
| 4 | 3 | 4 | Vinicius Lanza | Brazil | 53.11 | QA |
| 5 | 1 | 4 | Tom Shields | United States | 53.29 | QA |
| 6 | 3 | 6 | Ben Hockin | Paraguay | 53.43 | QA |
| 7 | 1 | 5 | Long Gutiérrez | Mexico | 54.05 | QA |
| 8 | 2 | 6 | David Arias | Colombia | 54.16 | QA |
| 9 | 1 | 3 | Roberto Strelkov | Argentina | 54.18 | QB |
| 10 | 3 | 3 | Esnaider Reales | Colombia | 54.19 | QB |
| 11 | 2 | 3 | Mateo González Medina | Mexico | 54.37 | QB |
| 12 | 1 | 6 | Bryan Chavez Avendaño | Venezuela | 54.85 | QB |
| 13 | 2 | 1 | Javier Tang Juy | Peru | 55.47 | QB |
| 14 | 3 | 2 | Kael Yorke | Trinidad and Tobago | 55.53 | QB |
| 15 | 2 | 2 | N'Nhyn Fernander | Bahamas | 55.65 | QB |
| 16 | 2 | 7 | Bryan Alvaréz | Costa Rica | 55.80 | QB |
| 17 | 1 | 7 | Carlos Vasquez Moreno | Honduras | 56.01 | |
| 18 | 1 | 2 | Gabriel Araya | Chile | 56.13 | |
| 19 | 3 | 1 | Lázaro Martín Vergara | Cuba | 56.17 | |
| 20 | 1 | 1 | Gustavo Gutierrez Lozano | Peru | 56.20 | |
| 21 | 3 | 7 | Adriel Sanes | Virgin Islands | 56.46 | |
| 22 | 2 | 8 | Lleyton Martin | Antigua and Barbuda | 58.28 | |
| 23 | 3 | 8 | Jesse Washington | Bermuda | 58.54 | |

### Final B

The B final was also held on August 7.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| 9 | 4 | Roberto Strelkov | Argentina | 54.04 |
| 10 | 3 | Mateo González Medina | Mexico | 54.09 |
| 11 | 5 | Esnaider Reales | Colombia | 54.30 |
| 12 | 6 | Bryan Chavez Avendaño | Venezuela | 54.82 |
| 13 | 8 | Bryan Alvaréz | Costa Rica | 55.50 |
| 14 | 1 | N'Nhyn Fernander | Bahamas | 55.71 |
| 15 | 7 | Kael Yorke | Trinidad and Tobago | 55.90 |
| 16 | 2 | Javier Tang Juy | Peru | 56.06 |

### Final A

The A final was also held on August 7.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 2 | Tom Shields | United States | 51.59 |
| | 4 | Luis Martínez | Guatemala | 51.63 |
| | 6 | Vinicius Lanza | Brazil | 51.88 |
| 4 | 5 | Santiago Grassi | Argentina | 52.15 |
| 5 | 3 | Matthew Josa | United States | 52.22 |
| 6 | 1 | Long Gutiérrez | Mexico | 53.67 |
| 7 | 7 | Ben Hockin | Paraguay | 53.70 |
| 8 | 8 | David Arias | Colombia | 54.06 |
# Stoney Creek, New Brunswick

Stoney Creek is a settlement in New Brunswick. It is located near Riverview, Moncton, and Dieppe.

## Education

* Lower Coverdale Elementary School (K - 5)
* Riverview Middle School (buses carry students to Riverview)
* Riverview High School (buses carry students to Riverview)
# SofM

Lê Quang Duy (born February 5, 1998), better known as SofM (short for Style of Me), is a Vietnamese professional League of Legends and previous player for Weibo Gaming.
SofM is widely known in the Vietnamese League of Legends community for his skills, tactics, and unique playstyle. He is regarded as one of Vietnam's best esports players in League of Legends. He had played at Jungler role for Suning and reached to the 2020 League of Legends World Championship finals, but lost to DAMWON Gaming.
# Type 071 icebreaker

Type 071 icebreaker with NATO reporting name Yanha (延哈) class is the first generation icebreaker indigenously developed in China for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). A total of two ships in three different type configurations were built and all of them have been decommissioned and replaced by Type 210 icebreaker.
In 1969, large scale icing in Bohai Sea caused great economic loss and proved that older icebreakers built before 1950 were simply too small and too old to perform icebreaking duties effectively in severe icing conditions. Chinese premier Zhou Enlai ordered that China must build icebreakers of its own design to handle the job, and accordingly, PLAN issued Order 082 for initial requirement, and Qiuxin (求新) Shipyard of Jiangnan Shipyard was assigned to do the job.From March 14 thru March 19, 1969, a team from Qiuxin Shipyard was sent to Tianjin Navigational Bureau to obtain detailed information for the design, which was submitted to PLAN and approved by PLAN Order 813. Construction begun on September 24, 1969 and the first ship was completed in just a hundred and one days. Because the program was rushed to meet the urgent need, some modifications were not incorporated in the first unit, but had to wait until the second unit to apply these changes. Consequently, the second unit with modification is re-designated as 071A (Type 071甲).Experience gained from deployment provided suggestions for further upgrade of the second unit, which was subsequently designated as 071G, with G stands for Gai (改), abbreviation for Gai-Jin (改进), meaning improvement in Chinese. This second unit after receiving modification subsequently had its named changed to Donghai (东海) 519.These ships are constructed of manganese steel (24 mm thick at bow) and are capable of breaking ice of one meter thick. Type 071 series are named as Haibing (海冰), meaning Sea Ice in Chinese, followed by a three digit number. Specification:
| Type | Pennant # | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Status | Fleet |
| 071 | Haibing 722 | Jiangnan Shipyard | Dec 26, 1969 | Dec 1971 | Retired on Jun 7, 2013 | North Sea Fleet |
| 071A (later 071G) | Haibing 721 (later Donghai 519) | Jiangnan Shipyard | Aug 1972 | Feb 1973 | Converted to Type 071G and transferred to the China Coast Guard in 2013 | North Sea Fleet (later China Coast Guard) |
The second unit of Type 071/071A/071G series actually had lesser numerical value (721) assigned for its pennant number in comparison to the first unit (722).Due to ice-breaking is only a seasonal task, these ships are equipped with ELINT gears to be used as spy ships when they are not used for ice-breaking.The sole unit of Type 071 with Pennant # 722 retired on Jun 7, 2013, while the sole unit of Type 071A/071G was transferred to Chinese Coast Guard in 2013 to become an ice-breaking tug (TGB).
# Valores (TV program)

Valores (Values) is a Venezuelan cultural TV program produced from July 10, 2006, until 2008, transmitted by Vale TV, and hosted by Venezuelan writer and Literary critic Oscar Sambrano Urdaneta, the main theme of this space is the learning of Venezuelan culture in all its dimensions. Was named in memory of Venezuelan writer Arturo Uslar Pietri and his TV program Valores Humanos (Human Values).
# William Smith (surveyor)

William Smith was an English surveyor employed by the Royal African Company (RAC) in 1726 to survey their castles in West Africa. The RAC dispatched him in response to reports of their castles deteriorating conditions and low personnel numbers. His account of the trip, A new voyage to Guinea, was published posthumously in 1744, with a second edition being published in 1745. The full title of his book was A new voyage to Guinea: describing the customs, manners, soil, manual arts, agriculture, trade, employments, languages, ranks of distinction climate, habits, buildings, education, habitations, diversions, marriages, and whatever else is memorable among the inhabitants. In the book, Smith gave an account of several locations in West Africa, including Fort Tantumquery and Fort Winneba.
Upon Smith's return to London in September 1727, he submitted a report to the RAC indicating they could not afford the maintenance costs of the castles, which amounted to about £13,500 by 1731. In response to this, in 1730 the British Parliament had voted to grant an annual subsidy of £10,000 to the RAC to their castles could be properly maintained. As historian Robert W. Harms noted in his 2002 work The Diligent: A Voyage Through the Worlds Of The Slave Trade, the subsidy resulted in the British government assuming financial responsibility for the RAC's establishments along the Gold Coast.
# Za Bakdaz

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| PopMatters | |
Za Bakdaz: The Unfinished Opera is a collection of songs German countertenor Klaus Nomi was working on up until his death in 1983. The album was released posthumously in 2007. The large majority of the tracks have never before been heard on an official studio release; the original sessions took place from 1979 to 1983, with the tracks completed between 1984 and 2006 at the home studio of Page Wood and George Elliott.

## Track listing

* "High Wire" – 2:04
* "Valentine's Day" – 2:49
* "Enchanté" – 4:31
* "Overture" – 2:42
* "Cre Spoda" – 3:03
* "Metronomi" – 2:44
* "Intermezzzo" – 1:16
* "Za Bakdaz" (live) – 3:09
* "Perna-A-Gyre" – 2:56
* "Finale" – 2:33
* "Rubber Band Lazer" (demo) – 2:21
* "Silent Night" – 1:38
# Phil Kenyon

Phil Kenyon (born 7 May 1956) is a former English professional squash player.
Born in Blackpool, he became the English number one in 1982. Kenyon was part of the British team that won the 1979 Men's World Team Squash Championships in Brisbane, Australia. He also represented England at the 1981, 1983 & 1985 World Team Squash Championships.
# Sengkang Depot

Sengkang Depot is a train depot in Sengkang, Singapore operated by SBS Transit. It is the first co-location of facilities for both the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT). It maintains the trains for the North East line, Sengkang LRT line, and Punggol LRT line, and houses the control centre of the three lines.
The depot was designed by architects 61 and constructed by Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co. at a contract sum of S$350 million under contract C701. It is the first in Singapore to be built with structural provisions for an industrial development to be situated on top, to minimise the waste of scarce land resources.
The MRT depot is located between Hougang station and Sengkang station on the North East line and has three reception tracks: Two northbound tracks towards Sengkang station and one southbound track towards Hougang station.
The LRT depot is located between Layar station and Tongkang station on the Sengkang LRT line. It has two reception tracks: One eastward track towards Tongkang station and one westward track towards Layar station.

## Expansion

On 5 February 2021, LTA announced plans for the expansion of Sengkang LRT depot from the existing 3.5-hectare to 11.1-hectare. The expanded depot will provide increased stabling capacity, a new maintenance workshop and two new reception tracks in anticipation for the procurement of 17 two-car trains to boost the Sengkang-Punggol LRT's (SPLRT) capacity. In addition, the existing power supply systems will be enhanced and three new traction power stations will be added to the existing five for improved traction power to support the additional trains. Expansion works are slated to begin in end-2021, and scheduled to be completed by 2027.

## Gallery

* Light Rail Depot section of Sengkang Depot. The Light Rail rolling stocks are parked at the top level of the building.
* Two Alstom Metropolis C751A stocks stabled in Sengkang depot, taken in November 2008
# Soeung Samnang

Soeung Samnang is a Cambodian air force officer. He serves as Commander of the Royal Cambodian Air Force as of January 1999.
In March 2018, he was promoted to deputy commander-in-chief of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces.
# UGT1A9

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGT1A9 gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway that transforms small lipophilic molecules, such as steroids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs, into water-soluble, excretable metabolites. This gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The locus includes thirteen unique alternate first exons followed by four common exons. Four of the alternate first exons are considered pseudogenes. Each of the remaining nine 5′ exons may be spliced to the four common exons, resulting in nine proteins with different N-termini and identical C-termini. Each first exon encodes the substrate binding site, and is regulated by its own promoter. The enzyme encoded by this gene is active on phenols.

## Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.
* ↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "IrinotecanPathway_WP229".

## Inhibitors

BI-3231, an inhibitor of HSD17B13, was also found to inhibit UGT1A9.
# Haeso

Haesŏ, or Haeseo (Korean: 해서), is a region of Korea that occupies what is now North Hwanghae and South Hwanghae provinces of North Korea, as well as Baengnyeong Island and Ongjin County of South Korea. The region once hosted the Hwanghae Province of the Joseon period.
The name of the region, Haesŏ, means "West of the Sea", in reference to the region being to the west of Gyeonggi Bay, the portion of the Yellow Sea offshore of Incheon and Ganghwa Island.

## History
### Joseon and Korean Empire periods

Hwanghae Province was originally formed in 1395 as Punghae Province (豐海道/풍해도 punghae-do), then was renamed to Hwanghae (黃海道/황해도 hwanghae-do) in 1417 by taking the first syllables of the provinces two principal cities: Hwangju and Haeju.

### Contemporary history (1910 – present)

In 1910, Korea was annexed into the Empire of Japan, and its administrative divisions were rearranged. Hwanghae Province was reorganized into Kōkai-dō, with Kaishū (Haeju) serving as its capital.
Since 1945, most of Haeso has been under the jurisdiction of North Korea, while only several islands off the coast of South Hwanghae province are under the jurisdiction of South Korea. In 1954, Hwanghae Province was divided into the current North Hwanghae and South Hwanghae provinces.

## Administrative divisions

Provinces (道/도) :
| Province | Hancha | Chosŏn'gŭl | Revised Romanization | McCune-Reischauer | Abbreviation | Capital |
| North Hwanghae | 黃海北道 | 황해북도 | Hwanghaebuk-do | Hwanghaebuk-to | Hwangbuk (黃北/황북) | Sariwŏn |
| South Hwanghae | 黃海南道 | 황해남도 | Hwanghaenam-do | Hwanghaenam-to | Hwangnam (黃南/황남) | Haeju |
Provinces according to the Committee for the Five Northern Korean Provinces :
| Map | Province | Capital | Governor |
| | Hwanghae | Haeju | Ki Deok-young |