OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Uropeltis broughami

Uropeltis broughami, commonly known as Brougham's earth snake or the Sirumalai shieldtail, is a species of snake in the family Uropeltidae. The species is endemic to the Western Ghats in southern India.

## Etymology

The specific name, broughami, is in honor of British botanist Henry Brougham Guppy.

## Geographic range

U. broughami is found in the Sirumalai Hills and Palni Hills in Tamil Nadu, southern India.
Type locality of Silybura broughami = "Sirumallay hills (Madura district), 5500 feet elevation".Type locality of Silybura levingii = "Lower Pulney hills (Madura district), 4000 feet elevation".

## Description

The dorsum of U. broughami is brown, with transverse series of small yellow black-edged ocelli. The sides have a series of large yellow spots. The ventrals are dark brown.
It grows to 41 cm (16+1⁄8 in) in total length (including tail).
The dorsal scales are arranged in 19 rows at midbody. The ventrals number 203–230, and the subcaudals numbersubcaudals 7-10.
The snout is acutely pointed. The rostral is laterally compressed, obtusely keeled above, two fifths the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above much longer than its distance from the frontal. The nasals are in contact with each other behind the rostral. The frontal is as long as broad, or slightly longer than broad. The eye is very small, not half the length of the ocular. The diameter of the body goes 34 to 40 times into the total length. The ventrals are not twice as broad as the contiguous dorsal scales. The tail is obliquely truncate, flat above, with strongly pluricarinate scales. The terminal scute is bicuspid.

## Reproduction

U. broughami is viviparous.
# Uropeltis ceylanica

    Common names: Ceylon earth snake, Cuvier's shieldtail, Kerala shieldtail.
Uropeltis ceylanica is a species of nonvenomous shieldtail snake in the family Uropeltidae. The species is endemic to the Western Ghats of South India. No subspecies are currently recognized as being valid, but the presence of several synonyms, many recently resurrected, calls for further taxonomic studies of this species complex. It is a burrowing snake with a pointy head equipped to penetrate the soil. It has a thick tail which looks as if it has been cut at an angle. In Kerala it's called iru thala moori, which means two headed organism, as the tail end looks like another head. It primarily eats earth worms.

## Geographic range

U. ceylanica is found in the Western Ghats of southern India from Goa, Castle Rock southwards to Travancore (Agasthyamalai) near Trivandrum. The type locality given as "Ceylan"— is a mistake, since this species has never been found in Sri Lanka.

## Description

The dorsum of U. ceylanica is brown or blackish brown; sometimes patterned with spots or streaks. The venter is yellowish; some specimens have dark brown spots or are entirely brown. The ventral side of the tail is brown or black in the middle, and yellow on the sides.
Adults may attain a total length (including tail) of 45 cm (18 in).
The dorsal scales are arranged in 17 rows at midbody (in 19 rows behind the head). The ventrals number 120-146; the subcaudals number 8-12.
The snout is rounded. The rostral is one-fourth the length of the shielded part of the head. Portions of the rostral are visible from above and shorter than its distance from the frontal. Nasals are in contact with each other behind the rostral. The frontal is slightly longer than it is broad. The diameter of the eyes is more than half the length of the ocular shield. The total length of the snake is 21 to 29 times the diameter of the body. The ventrals are twice as large as the contiguous scales. The end of tail is flat dorsally, obliquely truncated, with strongly keeled scales which are bi-, tri-, or quadricarinate. It has a terminal scute with a transverse ridge and two points.
# VVT

VVT may refer to:
* Valvettithurai, a town in Sri Lanka
* Variable valve timing, an internal combustion engine valvetrain configuration
* VVT (gang), a gang in Toronto, Canada
# Vaan

Vaan may refer to:

## People

* Laura de Vaan (born 1980), Dutch paralympian
* Michiel de Vaan (born 1973), Dutch linguist
* Vaan Nguyen (born 1982), Israeli poet

## Places

* Vaan River, India

## Other

* Vaan (Final Fantasy)
* Vaan (film)
# Valea Stânei River

Valea Stânei River may refer to:
* Valea Stânei, a tributary of the Bistrița in Suceava County
* Valea Stânei, a tributary of the Capra in Neamț County
* Valea Stânei, a tributary of the Izvorul Dorului in Prahova County
* Valea Stânei, a tributary of the Prahova in Brașov County
* Valea Stânei, a tributary of the Valea lui Coman in Argeș County
# Vaas

Vaas may refer to:

## People

* Chaminda Vaas (born 1974), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Peter Vaas (born 1952), American football player and coach
* Vincent Vaas (1922 - 2004), Sri Lankan actor
# Vabishchevich

Vabishchevich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
# Vakhmistrov I-Ze

The Vakhmistrov I-Ze was a parasite fighter designed in the USSR in 1934-5.

## Development

To take the best advantage of parasite bomber/fighter combinations like the Vakhmistrov Zveno project, Vakhmistrov designed a special fighter to be carried by Kalinin VS-2 bombers. This aircraft was to have been a small low-wing monoplane powered by an 850 hp (630 kW) Gnome-Rhone GRKs engine. With a weight of only 1910 kg, it was expected that a top speed of 518 km/h (321 mph) would be attainable. Weight was to be kept to a minimum by the use of a centerline skid undercarriage and small dimensions:- a wingspan of 7.75m (25 ft 5in) and a wing area of only 10 m$^2$ (110 sq ft). Construction of the prototype was started but discontinued in 1936 when support faded for the Zvyeno ("link") concept, as the supporters were eliminated in the Stalinist purges.

## Specifications (I-Ze)

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wingspan: 7.75 m (25 ft 5 in)
* Wing area: 10 m$^2$ (110 sq ft)
* Gross weight: 1,910 kg (4,211 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × GRKs , 630 kW (850 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 518 km/h (322 mph, 280 kn)
# Valleroy-le-Sec

Valleroy-le-Sec (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
# Valofane

Valofane is a sedative drug structurally related to the barbiturates and similar drugs such as primidone. It is metabolized once inside the body to form the barbiturate proxibarbital (proxibarbal) and is thus a prodrug.
# Va'aelua Eti Alesana

Va'aelua Eti Alesana (died 30 September 2011) was a Samoan politician and opposition leader who served as a founding member and President of the Tautua Samoa Party in 2011.
He was the son of former Prime Minister of Samoa, Tofilau Eti Alesana. His sister, Gatoloaifaana Amataga Alesana-Gidlow, has remained a member of the ruling Human Rights Protection Party.
Alesana was elected President of the opposition Tautua Samoa Party in February 2011, a post he held until his death later in the year. He opposed Prime Minister's Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi re-election bid in the March 2011 general election. However, Malielegaoi's was returned to office in the election.
Va'aelua Eti Alesana died in Samoa on Friday, 30 September 2011. The leader of Tautua Samoa, Palusalue Fa’apo II, said that "We are really saddened by this. He has done so much for the party." Alesana was buried in his native village of Lalomalava, Savai'i. In his eulogy, Palusalue Fa’apo II told mourners, "Va'aelua always maintained a positive attitude and before the General Elections last March, he kept encouraging the Tautua Samoa members to stay positive, despite the odds being stacked against us."
# Valentin Scheidel

Valentin Scheidel (born 1883) was a German physicist.
Scheidel received his doctorate from the University of Munich in 1911, under Arnold Sommerfeld.
# Vanderbilt Archeological Site

The Vanderbilt Archeological Site is an archaeological site located on the shore of Lake Oahe in Campbell County, South Dakota, near Pollock, South Dakota. The site contains the remains of a Native American Plains village which has been tentatively dated to about 1300 AD. Despite the fact that the site is subject to erosive destruction from wave action on the lake, it has been determined likely to yield significant information about the movements and living patterns of prehistoric Native Americans in the region. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1997.

## Description and history

This site was first identified in the early 20th century as being of archaeological interest, but its location was mis-described several times before its first format evaluation in 1979. At that time, the site was identified as containing 22 depressions indicative of house rings, as well as evidence of trash pits and a midden. Field work resulted in the collection of more than 200 pieces of ceramic remains, stone chips consisting with tool work, projectile points and other stone tools, as well as the remains of bison and other fauna. The site is part of a complex of sites in the middle reaches of the Missouri River that are believed to constitute the largest assemblage of agrarian prehistoric settlements of the period in North America.
The site was visited again by archaeologists in 1990 and 1993, primarily to assess its condition in the context of repeated erosion events caused by changing water levels in the lake.
# Vacation from Marriage

Vacation from Marriage may refer to:
* Perfect Strangers (1945 film), a British drama film title Vacation from Marriage in the U.S.
* Vacation from Marriage (1927 film), a German silent comedy film
# Vallabhnagar tehsil

Vallabhnagar is a tehsil of Udaipur district in Rajasthan, India.

## History

Before the formation of the Republic of India, the territory of present-day Vallabhnagar tehsil was part of the former Udaipur State. With the formation of the United State of Rajasthan (precursor to the state of Rajasthan) in 1948, the new district of Udaipur was constituted which included Vallabhnagar tehsil.
In 2017, Bhindar tehsil, which had been a sub-tehsil of Vallabhnagar tehsil since 1959, was declared to be a separate tehsil. This restructuring reduced Vallabhnagar tehsil's area from 983 square kilometers to 383 square kilometers.

## Geography

The area of Vallabhnagar tehsil is 539 square kilometres. The annual average rainfall in Vallabhnagar tehsil is 608 mm, with an average of 30 rainy days per year.
# Vanilla aphylla

Vanilla aphylla is a species of vanilla orchid. It is native to Southeast Asia. It is found throughout Southeast Asia including; Laos, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. Like all members of the genus Vanilla, V. aphyllum is a vine. It uses its fleshy roots to support itself as it grows.
# Peter Franchoys

Peter, Peeter or Pieter Franchoys or Francois (1606 in Mechelen – 1654 in Mechelen) was a Flemish Baroque painter, who is mainly known for his portraits and religious paintings.

## Life

He studied painting with his father, Lucas Franchoys the Elder, and later, according to the early biographer Cornelis de Bie, with Gerard Seghers in Antwerp. He is subsequently recorded in Brussels, where he worked for the governor of the Southern Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria.
In 1631 he traveled to France and is recorded in Paris and Fontainebleau. He returned to Mechelen in 1635. In 1646 he became a member of the Mechelen schutterij and in 1649 he became a master in the Guild of St. Luke there. Ignatius Croon was his pupil.
His younger brother Lucas was also a successful painter.

## Work

Peter Franchoys is now mainly known as a painter of portraits and religious subjects. His portraits are stylistically related to his brother's portraits who represented his sitters with a form of calculated informality. This style was influenced by Anthony van Dyck as well as by French models of portrait painting. The French influence is seen in the more static approach as opposed to the dynamic quality of Flemish Baroque portrait paintings.
Among his religious works is the altarpiece representing Calvary in the St. Gummarus church in Lier, Belgium.
The description by the early Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken of Peter Franchoys as someone who 'liked to paint landscapes with small figures' does not appear to fit the currently known oeuvre of Franchoys, which consists primarily of portraits and some religious works.
Peter Franchoys was also active as an etcher. The Rijksmuseum has an etching by Franchoys representing Christ and St John the Baptist as Children. He also made an etching depicting St Peter chasing a French soldier from Louvain.
# Value Partners (asset management)

Value Partners Group Limited is a Hong Kong–based asset management company.

## History

The company was founded in 1993 as a boutique firm by the present Chairman & Co-chief investment officer Dato' Seri Cheah Cheng Hye, and businessman Yeh V-nee, a non-official member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong from 2009 to 2012.
Value Partners positions itself as a value investor and adopts value investing strategy for its funds. Headquartered in Hong Kong, Value Partners has offices in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and London. It has a global client base and is regarded as one of Asia's largest asset management firms by the industry.
Value Partners was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Stock code: 806 HK) in November 2007 and it is the first asset management firm listed in Hong Kong.
In 2018, Value Partners was listed among the 200 top-performing public companies on Forbes Asia's "Best Under A Billion list." It dropped off that list in 2019.
Value Partners disposed its 49% equity interests in Goldstate Capital Fund Management Co., Ltd. to a company under Yunnan Jiutian Investment Enterprises Ltd in 2015, for a consideration of RMB45 million.
In 2019, Value Partners launched an investment fund towards China for British and European investors after demands for this service had increased. The move comes one year after an assessment by American asset manager Northern Trust, which found that Asian investment funds find it difficult to compete in the European market. According to the study, Value Partners only sourced $211 million, accounting for just 1.3% of its total assets under management.
In June 2023, GF Securities announced it would acquire a 20.2% stake in Value Partners.
# Valeria Chiaraviglio

Valeria Chiaraviglio Ermácora (born 9 April 1989) is an Argentine athlete specialising in the pole vault.
She is the younger sister of another pole vaulter, Germán Chiaraviglio. Her personal best in the event is 4.20 metres set in Santa Fe in 2011.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Argentina |||||
| 2004 | South American Youth Championships | Guayaquil, Ecuador | 2nd | 3.60 m |
| 2005 | World Youth Championships | Marrakech, Morocco | 18th (q) | 3.65 m |
| 2006 | South American Youth Championships | Caracas, Venezuela | 1st | 3.45 m |
| 2006 | South American Games | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 5th | 3.60 m |
| 2007 | South American Junior Championships | São Paulo, Brazil | 5th | 3.50 m |
| 2007 | Pan American Junior Championships | São Paulo, Brazil | 9th | 3.40 m |
| 2008 | South American U23 Championships | Lima, Peru | 2nd | 3.50 m |
| 2010 | South American Games | Medellín, Colombia | – | NM |
| 2012 | Ibero-American Championships | Barquisimeto, Venezuela | 5th | 4.00 m |
| 2013 | South American Championships | Cartagena, Colombia | 2nd | 4.15 m |
| 2014 | South American Games | Santiago, Chile | 4th | 4.00 m |
| 2014 | Ibero-American Championships | São Paulo, Brazil | 3rd | 4.10 m |
| 2014 | Pan American Sports Festival | Mexico City, Mexico | 1st | 4.00 m |
| 2015 | South American Championships | Lima, Peru | 2nd | 4.10 m |
| 2015 | Pan American Games | Toronto, Canada | 9th | 4.15 m |
| 2016 | Ibero-American Championships | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 3rd | 4.10 m |
| 2017 | South American Championships | Asunción, Paraguay | 3rd | 4.15 m |
| 2017 | Universiade | Taipei, Taiwan | 8th | 4.10 m |
| 2018 | South American Games | Cochabamba, Bolivia | 4th | 3.70 m |
| 2021 | South American Championships | Guayaquil, Ecuador | 4th | 3.90 m |
# Vanilla leaf

Vanilla leaf is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Achlys, native to western North America and Japan
* Carphephorus odoratissimus, native to the southeastern United States
# Varne Bank

The Varne Bank or Varne Shoal is a 5+3⁄4-mile (9.3 km) long sand bank in the Strait of Dover, lying 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Dover in Kent, England. With the Lobourg Channel running along it, the Varne bank lies immediately south-west of the deepest point 223 feet (68 m) in the strait of Dover. Its rectilinear shape is similar to other banks in the strait such as South Falls bank bordering the Lobourg Channel on the east, the Colbart bank (a.k.a. the Ridge) and others. Rectilinear banks are only present on the English side of the strait.
Lying almost in the middle of the south/west international traffic English-side channel of the English Channel, the Varne Bank is a constant concern for both British coastguards and shipping. The sea above it presents strong rippling, especially when strong tides occur, and is noted for its extra roughness during bad weather.
With a minimum depth of about 2 metres (7 ft), it is marked by Trinity House with lighted buoys at the North, South, East and West. Due to its heightened risk, they have additionally marked the Varne Bank with a lightvessel since October 1860, located initially "near the west end of the Varne Shoal", 9 nautical miles (17 km) south of Folkestone church; over time it has been placed at various positions, and is now off its north-eastern end.
Ships which founder on the Varne Bank are often stated as being lost on the Goodwin Sands in error, perhaps because the Varne Bank is less well known than its close northerly neighbour. Due to the increase of shipping through the world's busiest channel, several proposals have been made to eliminate the Varne Bank by dredging. However, also due to its shallow depth, the Varne Bank is a productive location for fishing, especially for cod and scallops.
In 1802, mining engineer Albert Mathieu made proposals to Napoleon for converting the Varne Bank into an island staging point for a Channel Tunnel.
During the 20th century, a proposal was made for a bridge across the Channel, which would have used the Varne Bank as a staging post for a support structure.
Several naval battles have been fought nearby, including the Battle of Dover and Battle of Dungeness in 1652 and the Battle of Dover Strait in 1917.
The Varne Bank along with its neighbouring bank Colbart, the Vergoyer bank, the ridens (fr) de Boulogne and the French side of the Bassurelle bank, form part of a 262 square miles (680 km$^2$) Natura 2000 protection zone listed by the name « Ridens et dunes hydrauliques du détroit du Pas de Calais » ("Ridges and dunes underwater of the strait of Pas de Calais").
# Valter

Valter is a spelling variant of the German name Walter, Walther, from Old High German walt "rule" and her "army". The spelling variant in V- is adopted in a number of European languages, including Scandinavian (North Germanic), Finnic (Finnish, Estonian), Slavic (Slovenian, Croatian), Baltic (Latvian, Lithuanian) and Romance (Italian, Portuguese).
Notable people with the name include:

## Given name

* Valter (Brazilian footballer) (born 1975), Brazilian football striker
* Valter Birsa (born 1986), Slovenian football player
* Valter Bonča (born 1968), Slovenian racing cyclist
* Valter Borges (born 1988), Cape Verdean football player
* Valter Chifu (born 1952), Romanian volleyball player
* Valter Costa (born 1949), Portuguese football player
* Ricardo Valter da Costa (born 1981), Brazilian football player
* Valter Dešpalj (1947–2023), Croatian cellist
* Valter Di Salvo (born 1963), Italian fitness coach
* Valter Ever (1902–1981), Estonian track and field athlete
* Valter Gabrielsen (1921–1999), Norwegian politician
* Valter Giuliani (born 1960), Italian astronomer
* Valter Guchua (born 1975), Georgian football player
* Valter Heuer (1928–2006), Estonian chess player, chess journalist and chess historian
* Lars Valter Hörmander (1931–2012), Swedish mathematician
* Valter Matošević (born 1970), Croatian team handball player
* Valter Neeris (1915–1942), Estonian footballer
* Valter Ojakäär (1923–2016), Estonian composer, instrumentalist and author
* Valter Palm (1905–1994), Estonian boxer
* Valter Perić (1919–1945), Yugoslav partisan
* Daniel Valter Rogelim (born 1972), Brazilian racing cyclist
* Valter Roman (1913–1983), Romanian communist activist and soldier
* Edgar Valter Saks (1910–1984), Estonian statesman, amateur historian and author
* Valter Sanaya (1925–1999), Soviet football player
* Valter Skarsgård (born 1995), Swedish actor
* Valter Soosõrv (1903–1969), Estonian actor, theatre director and theatre historian
* Valter Tomaz Junior (born 1978), Brazilian football player
* Valter Wredberg, Swedish sprint canoer
* Valter Župan (born 1938), Croatian Catholic prelate

## Surname

* Attila Valter (born 1998), Hungarian cyclist
* Edgar Valter (1929–2006), Estonian writer and illustrator of children's books

## Fictional characters

* Valter, a character from a tactical role-playing game Fire Emblem: The Sacred Stones
# Vani Sarraju Rao

Vani Sarraju Rao is an Indian career diplomat who was appointed the Ambassador of India to Italy, San Marino and Permanent Representative to UN entities in Rome on the 27 October 2023. She took office on 3 April 2024 and presented her credentials to President Sergio Mattarella on 23 April 2024.

## Education

Rao studied political science at the University of Hyderabad and environmental studies at San Jose State University. She speaks English, Telugu, Hindi and Spanish.

## Career

Rao previously served as Ambassador to Finland and Estonia from 2017 to 2020, becoming the first Telugu woman to be appointed as an ambassador. Prior to that she served in Israel as Deputy Chief of Mission, and in Mexico and Sweden.
# VeloNews

VeloNews was an American cycling magazine headquartered in Boulder, Colorado dedicated to the sport of cycling. After 50 years of leading cycling journalism in the United States, VeloNews was purchased by Outside Inc. in early 2021. Months later, another major U.S. road cycling publication, Cycling Tips, was acquired in July 2021. Soon after acquisition, however, CEO Robin Thurston refocused Outside Inc's business model, stating in April 2022 that "Outside's future is in NFTs." The NFT marketplace crashed within six months. In a letter to staff on November 15, announcing layoffs, Thurston stated that "The fundamentals of our business are sound," but "economic headwinds that every media and technology business is facing have only intensified." On June 1, 2023, VeloNews.com quietly closed as the URL stopped directing to the dedicated VeloNews homepage.

## History

The magazine was first published as Northeast Cycling News in March 1972 by Barbara and Robert George.