# Textual variants in the Epistle to the Hebrews

Textual variants in the Epistle to the Hebrews are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below.
Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said"). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatus which was based on "nearly 100 [Greek] manuscripts." Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.

## Legend

A guide to the sigla (symbols and abbreviations) most frequently used in the body of this article.

### General sigla

    # beginning with 0: uncial
    # not beginning with 0: minuscule
    $^*$ superscript: original reading
    $^c$ superscript: scribal correction
    $^{ms}$ superscript: individual manuscript
    $^{mss}$ superscript: multiple manuscripts
    $^{pt}$ superscript: partial attestation
    $^{vid}$ superscript: uncertain reading
    arab: Arabic versions
    arm: Armenian versions
    𝔐 or Byz: Byzantine text-type
    cop: Coptic versions
       sa: Sahidic version
       bo: Boharic version
    eth: Ethiopic versions
    ƒ: Greek manuscripts family
    geo: Georgian versions
    goth: Gothic versions
    it: Italic/Vetus Latina
    lat: most Italic and Vulgate
    latt: all Italic and Vulgate
    𝔓: papyrus
    𝑙: individually numbered lectionary
    Lect: most or all numbered lectionaries
    parenthesized: approximate reading
    rell: all other extant manuscripts
    slav: Slavic versions
    syr: Syriac versions
    vg: Latin Vulgate
    ς: Textus Receptus

### Uncial sigla

    א‎: Codex Sinaiticus (01)
    A: Codex Alexandrinus (02)
    B: Codex Vaticanus (03)
    C: Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (04)
    D$^{ea}$: Codex Bezae (05)
    D$^p$: Codex Claromontanus (06)
    K$^e$: Codex Cyprius (017)
    K$^{ap}$: Codex Mosquensis I (018)
    L$^e$: Codex Regius (New Testament) (019)
    L$^{ap}$: Codex Angelicus (020)
    P$^{apr}$: Codex Porphyrianus (025)
    S: Codex Vaticanus 354 (028)
    V: Codex Mosquensis II (031)
    W: Codex Washingtonianus (032)
    Z: Codex Dublinensis (035)
    Γ: Codex Tischendorfianus IV (036)
    Δ: Codex Sangallensis 48 (037)
    Θ: Codex Koridethi (038)
    Ξ: Codex Zacynthius (040)
    Π: Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament) (041)
    Φ: Codex Beratinus (043)
    Ψ: Codex Athous Lavrensis (044)
    Ω: Codex Athous Dionysiou (045)
    ff$^1$: Codex Corbeiensis I
    ff$^2$: Codex Corbeiensis II
    g$^1$: Codex Sangermanensis I
    k: Codex Bobiensis

### Critical editions

    T8th: Tischendorf's 8th Edition of Editio Octava Critica Maior
    WH: Westcott and Hort (1881)
    NA: Novum Testamentum Graece (Nestle–Aland)
    UBS: United Bible Societies
    ECM: Editio Critica Maior

## Textual variants

Hebrews 1:3
    φερων τε τα παντα τω ρηματι της δυναμεως αυτου upholding the universe by his word of power – rest of the manuscripts
    φανερων τε τα παντα τω ρηματι της δυναμεως αυτου revealed the universe by his word of power – Codex Vaticanus
Hebrews 2:9
    χάριτι θεοῦ (by the grace of God) – 𝔓$^{46}$, א, A, B, C, D, K, P, Ψ, 33, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 424, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, it, cop, arm, eth, Origen, Eusebius, Athanasius, Cyril of Alexandria.
    χωρὶς θεοῦ (apart from God) – 0121b, 424$^c$, 1739, mss, Peshitta, Origen, Theodore of Mopsuestia, St. Ambrose of Milan, St. Jerome, Fulgentius, Theodoret.
Hebrews 3:6
    κατασχωμεν – 𝔓$^{13}$, 𝔓$^{46}$, B, cop$^{sa}$
    μεχρι τελους βεβαιαν κατασχωμεν – א, A, B, C, D, Ψ, 0121b, (323), Byz
Hebrews 4:1
Hebrews 5:1
Hebrews 6:1
Hebrews 7:9
    χαριτι θεου – 𝔓$^{46}$, א, A, B, C, D, K, P, Ψ, 33, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 424, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, Byz, Lect
    χωρις θεου – 0121b, 424$^c$, 1739
Hebrews 8:2
    ουρανοις – rest of mss
    ουρανιοις – 365 pc
    υψηλοις – 33 vg$^{mss}$
Hebrews 8:11
    πολιτην – 𝔓$^{46}$, א, A, B, D, K, 33, 88, 181, 330, 451, 614, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect
    πλησιον – P 81 104 436 629 630 1985
    πλησιον αυτου και εκαστος τον πολιτην – 326
Hebrews 9:1
Hebrews 10:11
    ιερευς – 𝔓$^{46}$, א, D, K, Ψ, 33, 81, 326, 330, 629, 1241, 1739, 1881, 1984, 2495, Byz, Lect
    αρχιερευς – A, C, P, 88, 104, 181, 436, 451, 614, 630, 1877, 1962, 2127, 2492, syr, cop, arm, eth
Hebrews 11:1
Hebrews 12:1
Hebrews 13:21
    παντι αγαθω – א, D, Ψ, it
    εργω αγαθω – arm
    παντι εργω αγαθω – C D$^c$ K P 0121b 33 81 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 Byz
    παντι εργω και λογω αγαθω – A