OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Xu Yunbei

Xu Yunbei (Chinese: 徐运北; July 1914 – 6 January 2018) was a Chinese politician who served as Minister of the Second Ministry of Light Industry from 1967 to 1970.
He was a representative of the 7th, 8th, and 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 3rd National People's Congress and a member of the Standing Committee of the 6th and 7th National People's Congress.

## Biography

Xu was born in Tangyi County [zh] (now Dongchangfu, Liaocheng), Shandong, in July 1914. He attended Zhengyi Middle School (正谊中学) in Jinan, capital of Shandong. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in January 1934.
In the spring of 1935, he participated in the establishment of the CCP West Shandong Special Committee and served as its party secretary.
Beginning from the winter of 1945, he successively served as deputy party secretary of the CCP Hebei-Shandong-Henan Committee and deputy political commissar of the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region.
In 1949, he joined the 5th Corps of the 2nd Field Army in southwest China and later served as first deputy party secretary of the CCP Guizhou Provincial Committee.
In 1952, he was appointed vice minister of Health, responsible for eliminating schistosomiasis in south China. In 1967, he assumed the position of minister of the Second Ministry of Light Industry.
During the Cultural Revolution, he suffered political persecution and was sent to the May Seventh Cadre Schools to do farm works. In May 1973, he was reinstated as deputy director of Beijing Municipal Revolutionary Committee and was admitted to member of the CCP Beijing Municipal Committee, the city's top authority. He became vice minister of Light Industry in August 1980. He retired in May 1996.
On 6 January 2018, he died in Beijing, at the age of 103.

## Family

Xu married Sha Xiaolu (沙晓鲁), who committed suicide under political persecution during the Cultural Revolution. Their son Xu Niansha (徐念沙; born 1957), chairman of the China Poly Group (2018–2021), married Liu Xiaoli (刘晓莉), the youngest daughter of Liu Huaqing.
# Diners (music)

Diners is the stage name of guitar pop musician Blue Broderick (born August 14, 1992). They play both solo and with a full band.

## Career

The first Diners album titled Throw Me a Ten was released on cassette by Snorin' Desert Tapes in 2012, later issued on vinyl by Lauren Records 2016. A second album titled Always Room was released in 2014 with Lost Sound Tapes, Phat 'N' Phunky, and Diet Pop Records. In 2015, Diners released an EP titled It's All True. In 2016, Diners put out their third album titled Three via Asian Man Records, Lost Sound Tapes, and Diet Pop Records. Diners fifth album, Leisure World, was released on April 24, 2020, via Lauren Records.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Throw Me a Ten (2012, Snorin Desert Tapes; pressed on vinyl in 2016 by Lauren Records)
* Always Room (2014, Lost Sound Tapes, Phat 'N' Phunky, Diet Pop Records)
* Three (2016, Asian Man Records, Lost Sound Tapes, Diet Pop Records)
* A Soft Day (2017, Warped Your Records)
* Leisure World (2020, Lauren Records)
* Four Wheels and the Truth (2022, Lauren Records)
* Domino (2023, Bar/None Records)

### EPs

* It's All True (2015, Phat 'N' Phunky)
* "Split" with Walter Etc. (2017, Lauren Records)
# Pithecopus hypochondrialis

Pithecopus hypochondrialis, the northern orange-legged leaf frog or tiger-legged monkey frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae found in South America. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, intermittent freshwater marshes, pastureland, plantations, rural gardens, urban areas, and heavily degraded former forests. This frog has also been observed in cities. It has been observed as high as 1500 meters above sea level.
This frog is nocturnal and has been found perching shrubs and other plants in forests and in seasonally flooded grasslands. The male frog sits near a temporary pond and calls to the female frogs. The female frog lays eggs on leaves overhanging the water. The tadpoles fall into the water after they hatch.
This frog can be affected by habitat loss given the deforestation associated with fire, agriculture, and cattle overgrazing. This frog has been sold as part of the international pet trade. But because this frog can live in cities, it is not in great danger of dying out.
# Position (music)

On a string instrument, position is the relative location of the hand on the instrument's neck, indicated by ordinal numbers (e.g., 3rd). Fingering, independent of position, is indicated by numbers, 1-4. Different positions on the same string are reached through shifting.
With experience, string players become accustomed to the required shape and position of the left hand. Some positions are located relative to certain touch references, or landmarks on the instrument. For example, fourth position on the cello (used in the example below) has the player's thumb resting in the "saddle" of the neck root. Similarly, higher positions on the violin make use of the instrument's "shoulder" (treble-side edge of the top's upper bout) as a touch reference. Some electric string instruments, without a traditionally shaped body, still incorporate a reference feature imitating that shoulder's shape.

## Shifting and notation on bowed instruments

On a string instrument, shifting, or a shift, is a movement of the fingers of the left hand from one position to another on the same string. When done skillfully shifting avoids string noise.
A shift is usually indicated by a fingering number (1–4) on the first note after the shift. Additionally, the string or position may be indicated as well, following one of several notation conventions. The position can be indicated by ordinal numbers (e.g., "3rd") or a roman numeral (e.g., "III. pos", "III. Pos", or just "III"). The string can be indicated by string name (e.g., "sul G") or by a roman number (counting from high to low pitches, e.g., "II" for the A string on a violin).
Although the technique must have been known, based on the fingering and repertoire, treatises do not discuss explicitly it until the 19th century. Among the earliest appearances is the term démancher (lit. "to shift") in Michel Corrette's L'école d'Orphée (Paris, 1738).

## Guitar

In reference to classical guitar, "Fernando Sor recommends that one should 'be sparing of the operations called barring and shifting'."

## Trombone position

The trombone produces notes within its range by extending the main slide to different positions. In first position, the length of the bore is at its shortest; seventh position puts the slide at its furthest extension, at the edge of the inner slide's stockings. (These are sections of slightly greater diameter at the ends of the inner slide tubes.) Positions 3 and 4 may be located by referring the player's right hand to the bell of the instrument. Each player "has a different way of visualizing where the positions of the slide trombone are in relation to each other" Positions, especially in the higher register, may need to be shortened or lengthened (sharpened or flattened) to play in tune. Lower-numbered (shorter) positions are closer together than higher-numbered ones. Positions six and seven are primarily useful in the lower part of the trombone's range.
Some notes may be sounded at more than one position; for example, D4 may be sounded either in position 1 or 4. As a result, trombonists often spend time studying a part to determine how to approach a particular phrase.
# Thinakkural

Thinakkural is a Tamil newspaper published in Sri Lanka. It was founded by Pon Rajagobal, former editor of Virakesari in 1997. There have reported number of attempts to force the paper to stop its distribution in recent times.
# Witcham

Witcham is a small village near Ely in Cambridgeshire, England.
The village is surrounded by fenland farms and has a village hall and a 13th-century church dedicated to St Martin. It has a pub called the White Horse, which was the winner of the Ely and District CAMRA Rural Pub of the Year Award 2006, 2010, 2011 and Overall Pub of the Year Award 2011. It also has a fine village green.
The village hosts the World Pea Shooting Championships on the second Saturday in July every year and has staged the competition annually since 1971.
Witcham is built around a cross-roads in the centre of the village with each of the four roads having housing on each side for 50-200m. The north-bound street is called "Martins Lane", the east-bound street is "High Street", south-bound is "The Slade", and west-bound is "Silver Street", which leads to the more recent housing developments of "Westway Place" and "The Orchards".
The name of the village derives from "Wycham", meaning "place of the wych elms", after the trees that used to grow there in significant numbers. A Roman cavalry helmet dating from the first century AD, known as the Witcham Gravel helmet, was found in the village gravel pit, and now resides in the British Museum.
The village school was sited on the South side of High Street, opposite and a little East of St.Martin's church, and was open as an infants and junior school from 1873 until 1982. When the school closed the pupils instead went to Mepal or Sutton. A local archive has further images of the school.

## Witcham Gravel

Historically, Witcham Parish had several detached portions in the outlying Fens. By 1896, boundary changes had reduced these detached portions to one, separated from the main by a small parish called Witcham Gravel. Witcham Gravel was placed in Ely Urban District, whereas the two parts of Witcham proper were included in Ely Rural District. This situation persisted until 1933, when Witcham Gravel parish was merged into Witcham.
# Valeron

Valeron or Valerón may refer to:
* Caves of Valerón, caves in Gran Canary
* Hortensia Valerón, Cuban vocalist (soprano)
* Irene Valerón, Spanish model
* Juan Carlos Valerón, Spanish footballer
* Muhammad Valeron, Indonesian footballer
* Skylark of Valeron, science fiction novel
* Valéron Strength Films, a polyethylene film manufacturer
* Valeron, a brand name of paracetamol
# Xue Xiangdong

Xue Xiangdong (Chinese: 薛向东, born 1958/1959) is a Chinese billionaire businessman, chairman of DHC Software, a Chinese industrial application software company.
He graduated from Hunan University in 1978.
He left a state-owned company in 1992 to work as the China representative of a Canadian software company, and borrowed money to start his own software firm in 1993. In 2001, he co-founded what was to become DHC Software.
As of March 2022, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$1.9 billion.
He is married and lives in Beijing.
# Melfa, Virginia

Melfa is a town in Accomack County on the Eastern Shore of Virginia in the United States. The population was 396 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Melfa is located at 37°38′59″N 75°44′29″W﻿ / ﻿37.64972°N 75.74139°W﻿ / 37.64972; -75.74139 (37.649836, −75.741523).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.7 km$^2$), all of it land. It rests at an elevation of 49 feet.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census there were 450 people, 183 households, and 131 families living in the town. The population density was 1,654.6 people per square mile (643.5/km$^2$). There were 205 housing units at an average density of 753.8 per square mile (293.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 82.44% White, 15.78% African American, 0.22% Native American, 1.33% from other races, and 0.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.22%.
Of the 183 households 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% were non-families. 22.4% of households were one person and 10.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.93.
The age distribution was 22.4% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.1% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.7 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 77.2 males.
The median household income was $37,361 and the median family income was $44,583. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $20,833 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,660. About 8.1% of families and 9.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

It is in Accomack County Public Schools, which is the only school district in the county.
Eastern Shore Community College is in an unincorporated area near Melfa and has a Melfa mailing address.

## Transportation

Accomack County Airport is in an unincorporated area near Melfa.
# Power Kills

In Power Kills: Democracy as a Method of Nonviolence by American political scientist Rudolph Rummel (1997), a sequel to his 1994 book Death by Government argues that the more power a government has, the more it tends to kill its own citizens and make war on other countries, and conversely, the less power a government has over its citizens, the less it tends to kill them or to launch wars of aggression, proposing that democracy is the form of government least likely to commit democide.
# Potassium hexachlororhenate

Potassium hexachlororhenate, also known as potassium chlororhenite, is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula K$_2$ReCl$_6$. It is a light-green crystalline solid soluble in hydrochloric acid.

## Production and reactions

Potassium hexachlororhenate is most commonly prepared by the reduction of potassium perrhenate with potassium iodide, hypophosphorous acid, or chromium(II) chloride in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
It reacts with silver nitrate to produce silver hexachlororhenate, which in turn decomposes at 400 °C to rhenium(III) chloride.
In water, it hydrolyses to form rhenium(IV) oxide.
# Theodosia Grace Ammons

Theodosia Grace Ammons (August 3, 1861 – July 17, 1907) was an American suffragist, co-founder with Eliza Pickrell Routt of the Department of Domestic Economy at Colorado Agricultural College, and the first female dean at the college.

## Early life

Theodosia Ammons was born in North Carolina, the daughter of Jehu Richard Ammons and Margaret Caroline Brendle Ammons. She moved to Denver, Colorado with her family when she was a child. Her father was a Baptist minister. Her brother Elias M. Ammons and her nephew Teller Ammons both served terms as governor of Colorado. Theodosia Ammons graduated from high school in Denver, and was a schoolteacher as a young woman.

## Career

Ammons and Eliza Routt met through suffrage work, and found they shared an interest in higher education and domestic science. Together they founded the Department of Domestic Economy at Colorado Agricultural College (now Colorado State University) in 1895. Ammons was the first woman faculty member in the college. In 1902, the program was renamed the Department of Domestic Science, and Ammons promoted scientific methods for cooking, hygiene, and architecture in homes. Ammons became the Dean of Woman's Work at the university, the first woman to hold that rank at Colorado State University. She was principal of the domestic economy program in the Colorado Chautauqua School, and designed a model home, "Gwenthean Cottage", to demonstrate best practices for health and efficiency.
Ammons was president of the Colorado Equal Suffrage Association. She was also a lecturer in the Colorado State Grange. Ammons attended a national suffrage convention in Washington, D. C. in 1902, and spoke in a Congressional hearing, representing Colorado women voters. In 1903, she represented Colorado at a national suffrage convention in New Orleans.

## Personal life and legacy

Theodosia Grace Ammons died in 1907 at the age of 45 in Denver. Her papers are archived at Colorado State University, in the Archives and Special Collections department. A portrait of Theodosia Ammons was donated to the University and unveiled in 1931. There is a stained glass window in Guggenheim Hall at Colorado State University in Ammons' memory. Ammons is one of the first 24 women featured in the Zonta International public art exhibit "Her Legacy: Women of Fort Collins". In 2022, she was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame.
# Wood Street

Things called Wood Street:

## England

* Wood Street, London - a street in the City of London, England
* Wood Street Counter - a small prison in the City of London, destroyed in 1666
* Wood Street railway station - a station in Walthamstow, London
* Wood Street, Bath - Bath, Somerset, England
* Wood Street Village - a village in Surrey, England
* Wood Street Mission - a children's charity in Manchester city centre
# Virtual group

Virtual group may refer to:
* Virtual band in music
* Groupoid in category theory (an area of mathematics)
# Valiani

Valiani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Giuseppe Valiani (1730-1800), Italian painter
* Bartolomeo Valiani (1793-1858), Italian painter
* Valfredo Valiani (born 1960), Italian horse trainer
* Francesco Valiani (born 1980), Italian footballer
* Leo Valiani (1909–1999), Italian politician and journalist
# Xyela concava

Xyela concava is a species of sawfly in the genus Xyela that is endemic to North America. It can be found in Utah, Nevada, and California. The host for the larvae is Pinus monophylla (single-leaf pinyon) and P. ponderosa (Ponderosa pine).
# Joseph Whitehead (Canadian politician)

Joseph Whitehead (1814 – March 12, 1894) was a Canadian railway pioneer and political figure. He represented Huron North in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Liberal member.
He was born in Guisborough, Yorkshire, England in 1814. Whitehead was a fireman and engineer on railways in Britain, serving as fireman for George Stephenson's Locomotion in 1825. He later became involved in railway construction, helping to build the Caledonian Railway in Scotland. He came to Canada West in 1850 and helped build sections of the Great Western Railway and a section of the Grand Trunk Railway between Buffalo and Goderich. He also served as mayor for the town of Clinton, Ontario. Whitehead won contracts to build two sections of the transcontinental railway, the section between Cross Lake and Kenora and a branch line between Emerson and Saint Boniface, Manitoba. He built a sawmill at Saint Boniface to supply lumber during construction of the rail line. In 1877, he brought the first steam locomotive to Manitoba, The Countess of Dufferin, transporting it by boat up the Red River to Winnipeg. For a time, he worked in the timber trade in Manitoba, but later retired to Clinton, where his descendants still live as of 2018. He died there in 1894.
# Portrait (TV series)

Portrait is a Canadian musical variety television series which aired on CBC Television in 1965.

## Premise

Portrait was a spin-off from segments of the local A La Carte series on CBLT Toronto. Musicians featured during the series included Lucio Agostini, Ed Bickert and Maurice Bolyer. One episode, "The Conformists", was a comedic work starring various performers such as Paul Soles.

## Scheduling

This half-hour series was broadcast on Thursdays at 8:30 p.m. (Eastern) from 8 July to 9 September 1965.
# Thippapur

Thippapur is a village in Nizamabad district, in Telangana State.

## Transport

The village is situated near Bijapur Road with connections to nearby towns and cities with regular buses and other modes of transportation.
# Virtual geographic environments

Virtual geographic environments (VGEs) are geographic analysis tools. A VGE is a multi-user, intelligent virtual environment which represents an actual geographic feature; it is used for geo-spatial analysis, geo-visualization, and geography-related planning and decision making, as well as for training, education, and entertainment.
# Xylene cyanol

Xylene cyanol can be used as an electrophoretic color marker, or tracking dye, to monitor the process of agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Bromophenol blue and orange G can also be used for this purpose.
Once mixed with the sample, the concentration of xylene cyanol is typically about 0.005% to 0.03%.

## Migration speed

In 1% agarose gels, xylene cyanol migrates at about the same rate as a 4 to 5 kilobase pair DNA fragment, although this depends on the buffer used. Xylene cyanol on a 6% polyacrylamide gel migrates at the speed of a 140 base pair DNA fragment. On 20% denaturating (7 M urea) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), xylene cyanol migrates at about the rate of 25 bases oligonucleotide.
# Faultless disagreement

A faultless disagreement is a disagreement when Party A states that P is true, while Party B states that non-P is true, and neither party is at fault. Disagreements of this kind may arise in areas of evaluative discourse, such as aesthetics, justification of beliefs or moral values, etc. A representative example is that John says Paris is more interesting than Rome, while Bob claims Rome is more interesting than Paris. In the case of a faultless disagreement, it is possible that if any party gives up their claim, there will be no improvement in the position of any of them.
Within the framework of formal logic it is impossible that both P and not-P are true, and it was attempted to justify faultless disagreements within the framework of relativism of the Truth (propositional truth being relative to perspectives), Max Kölbel and Sven Rosenkranz argued that genuine faultless disagreements are impossible. However, defenses of faultless disagreement, and of alethic relativism more generally, continue to be made by critics of formal logic as it is currently constructed.
# Pospíšil

Pospíšil (feminine Pospíšilová) is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alžběta "Eliška" Pospíšilová (1900–1994)
* Antonín Pospíšil (1903–1973), Czechoslovak politician
* Christian Pospischil (born 1985), German football player
* Craig Pospisil American playwright
* David Pospíšil (born 1970), Czech ice hockey player
* František Pospíšil (born 1944), Czech ice hockey player
* Jana Pospíšilová, Czech tennis player
* Jaroslav Pospíšil, Czech tennis player
* Jaroslav Pospíšil (canoeist), Czech canoeist
* Jiří Pospíšil (born 1975), Czech politician
* John Pospisil, American sound editor
* Josef Pospíšil, Czech skier
* Kristián Pospíšil, Slovak ice hockey player
* Martin Pospíšil (footballer), Czech footballer
* Martin Pospíšil (ice hockey), Czech ice hockey player
* Michal Pospíšil (born 1979), Czech footballer
* Miroslav Pospíšil, Czech footballer
* Peter Pospíšil (1944–2006), Slovak handball player
* Robert Pospíšil (born 1977), Czech ice hockey player
* Tomáš Pospíšil (footballer) (born 1991), Czech association football player
* Tomáš Pospíšil (ice hockey) (born 1987), Czech ice hockey player
* Vasek Pospisil, Canadian tennis player
* Věra Pospíšilová-Cechlová, Czech track and field athlete
* Vlasta Pospíšilová, Czech animator and director of Fimfarum and Pat and Mat
* Victor J. Pospishil, Austrian-US Ukrainian Catholic priest
* Pospíšil brothers, Czech cycle ball champions
** Jan Pospíšil
** Jindřich Pospíšil
# Wonder Motor Car Company

The Wonder Motor Car Company was a very short lived car company in 1909 that was derived from the Kansas City Motor Car Company as a last ditch effort to stay in business and continue car production. The Kansas City Motor Car Company which made cars and trucks from 1905 to 1909 was itself derived from the Caps Brothers Manufacturing Company that briefly made cars in 1905. No examples of any Caps Brothers, Kansas City, or Wonder cars or trucks are known to exist today.