# 1998 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1998.

## Flora
### Lycophytes
#### Lycophyte research

* Wehr (1998) reports, without description, Selaginella species spikemoss fossils occurring in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands Klondike Mountain Formation.

### Angiosperms

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Palaeocarpinus pacifica | Sp nov | Valid | Manchester & Chen | Paleocene Danian | Malo-Mikhailovka Formation | Russia | A betulaceous fruit | |

## Fungi

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
| Cryptodidymosphaerites | Gen et sp nov | valid | Currah, Stockey, & LePage | Eocene Ypresian | Allenby Formation Princeton Chert | Canada British Columbia | A hyperparasitic pleosporalean fungus of uncertain family affinity. The type species is C. princetonensis Its hosted by the phyllachoralean fungus Palaeoserenomyces allenbyensis | |
| Palaeoserenomyces | Gen et sp nov | valid | Currah, Stockey, & LePage | Eocene Ypresian | Allenby Formation Princeton Chert | Canada British Columbia | A parasitic phyllachoralean fungus of uncertain family affinity. The type species is P. allenbyensis Its hosted by the fan palm Uhlia allenbyensis. Its hyperparasitized by Cryptodidymosphaerites princetonensis | |

### Fungal research

* Currah, Stockey, & LePage (1998) describe the a phyllachoralean "tar spot" parasitizing Uhlia palm leaves, and host for a hyperparasitic pleosporalean fungus. They note them to be one of the first occurrences of hyperparasitic relationships in the fossil record.

## Arthropods
### Newly named crustaceans

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Ursquilla | Gen nov | Valid | Hof | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | Mishash Formation Amman Silicified Limestone Formation | Israel  Jordan | A mantis shrimp, type species is U. yehoachi (originally named as Eryon yehoachi in 1955). | |
| Tyrannophontes acanthocercus | Sp nov | Jr synonym | Jenner, Hof & Schram | Serpukhovian | Bear Gulch Limestone | USA | A mantis shrimp, moved to the genus Daidal (2007) | |

### Newly named insects

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Acanthostichus hispaniolicus | Sp. nov | Valid | De Andrade | Burdigalian | Dominican amber | Dominican Republic | A Dorylinae ant | Acanthostichus hispaniolicus |
| Aquarius lunpolaensis | Comb nov. | valid | (Lin) Andersen | Miocene | Lunpola Basin | China | A water strider Moved from Gerris lunpolaensis | |
| Carabus neli | Sp nov. | valid | Deuve | Turolian | Montagne d'Andance | France | A ground beetle | Carabus neli |
| Cylindromyrmex antillanus | Sp. nov | Valid | De Andrade | Burdigalian | Dominican amber | Dominican Republic | A Dorylinae ant | Cylindromyrmex antillanus |
| Daniavelia | Gen et sp nov. | valid | Andersen | Eocene Ypresian | MØclay Fur Formation | Denmark | A macroveliid water strider The type species is D. morsensis | |
| Electrovelia | Gen et sp nov. | valid | Andersen | Eocene Lutetian | Baltic Amber | Denmark | A riffle bug The type species is P. baltica | |
| Eocenometra longicomis | Sp nov. | valid | Andersen | Eocene Ypresian | MØclay 0lst/Fur Formations | Denmark | A marsh treader | |
| Ledouxnebria | Gen et sp nov. | valid | Deuve | Turolian | Montagne d'Andance | France | A ground beetle | Ledouxnebria brisaci |
| Limnoporus wilsoni | Sp nov. | valid | Andersen | Eocene Ypresian | Okanagan Highlands Driftwood shales | Canada British Columbia | A water strider | |
| Palaeogerris | Gen et 3 sp nov. | valid | Andersen | Eocene Ypresian | MØ clay 0lst/Fur Formations | Denmark | A water strider The type species is P. furensis Also includes P. grandis & P. mikkelseni | |
| Palaeometra | Gen et sp nov. | valid | Andersen | Eocene Ypresian | Fur Formation | Denmark | A limnobatodine water strider The type species is P. madseni | |
| Telmatrechus defunctus | Comb nov. | valid | (Handlirsch) Andersen | Eocene Ypresian | Okanagan Highlands Quilchena site | Canada British Columbia | A water strider Moved from Gerris defuncta (1910) | |

## Brachiopods

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes |
| Iridistrophia aliciae | Sp nov | valid | Herrera, Salas & Giolitti | Early Devonian | Talacasto Formation | Argentina | A species of Iridistrophia |
| Iridistrophia dominans | Sp nov | valid | Herrera, Salas & Giolitti | Early Devonian | Talacasto Formation | Argentina | A species of Iridistrophia |
| Iridistrophia magna | Sp nov | valid | Herrera, Salas & Giolitti | Early Devonian | Talacasto Formation | Argentina | A species of Iridistrophia |
| Iridistrophia prima | Sp nov | valid | Herrera, Salas & Giolitti | Early Devonian | Talacasto Formation | Argentina | A species of Iridistrophia |
| Eoschuchertella delicata | Sp nov | valid | Herrera, Salas & Giolitti | Early Devonian | Talacasto Formation | Argentina | A species of Eoschuchertella |

## Molluscs
### Bivalves

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Pojetaia sarhroensis | sp nov | Valid | Geyer & Streng | Early Cambrian | Anti-Atlas mountains | Morocco | Early Cambrian Fordillidae bivalve | |

## Echinoderms

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Alkaidia | Gen et sp nov | Valid | Blake & Reid | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Del Rio Formation Paw Paw Formation Main Street Formation Grayson Formation | USA ( Texas) | A starfish, type species is A. sumralli. |
| Altairia | Gen et comb nov | Valid | Blake & Reid | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Paw Paw Formation | USA ( Texas) | A starfish, type species is A. wintoni, originally named as Comptonia wintoni in 1920. |
| Betelgeusia | Gen et sp nov | Valid | Blake & Reid | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Del Rio Formation Paw Paw Formation Grayson Formation | USA ( Texas) | A starfish, type species is B. reidi. |
| Capellia | Gen et sp nov | Valid | Blake & Reid | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Paw Paw Formation | USA ( Texas) | A starfish, type species is C. mauricei. |
| Crateraster texensis | Comb nov | Valid | Blake & Reid | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Paw Paw Formation Weno Formation | USA ( Texas) | A starfish, originally named as Pentagonaster texensis in 1920. |
| Denebia | Gen et comb nov | Valid | Blake & Reid | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Paw Paw Formation Weno Formation | USA ( Texas) | A starfish, type species is D. americana, originally named as Pentaceros americanus in 1920. |
| Fomalhautia | Gen et comb nov | Valid | Blake & Reid | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Paw Paw Formation | USA ( Texas) | A starfish, type species is F. hortensae, originally named as Metopaster hortensae in 1920. |

## Amphibians
### newly named anurans

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Rhadinosteus | Gen et sp nov | Valid | Henrici | Kimmeridgian | Morrison Formation | USA | A possible Rhinophrynidae frog | |

## Archosauromorpha
### Dinosaurs

* A paper in the journal Nature is published by Karen Chin and others announcing the earlier discovery of a "king-sized coprolite" attributed to Tyrannosaurus rex.
* Lourinhasaurus gastroliths documented.
* Cedarosaurus gastroliths documented.
* Caudipteryx gastroliths documented.
* Volunteers from the Denver Museum of Natural History discovered Tony's Bone Bed in the Cedar Mountain Formation's Poison Strip Member.
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.
| Name | Status | Authors | Authors | Location | Images |
| Altirhinus | Valid taxon | David Norman | | Mongolia | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| ''Augustia'' | Preoccupied | Bonaparte Zariquiey | | | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Camposaurus | Valid taxon | Hunt, Lucas, Heckert, | Sullivan, and Lockley | | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Caseosaurus | Valid taxon | Hunt, Lucas, Heckert, | Sullivan, and Lockley | USA ( New Mexico and Texas) | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Caudipteryx | Valid taxon | Ji Q., Phillip Currie, | Mark Norell and Ji S. | China | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Cristatusaurus | Valid taxon | Philippe Taquet | Dale A. Russell | | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Eobrontosaurus | Valid taxon. Now Synonym of Brontosaurus | Robert Bakker | | | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Eolambia | Valid taxon | James Kirkland | | USA ( Utah) | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Gargoyleosaurus | Valid taxon | Kenneth Carpenter Miles | Cloward | USA ( Wyoming) | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Gastonia | Valid taxon | James Kirkland | | USA ( Utah) | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Gongxianosaurus | Valid taxon | He, Wang C., Liu S., Zhou F., | Liu T., Cai and Dai | China | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Histriasaurus | Valid taxon | Dalla Vecchia | | Croatia | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Lourinhanosaurus | Valid taxon | Mateus | | Portugal | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Lourinhasaurus | Valid taxon | Dantas, Sanz, Da Silva, | Ortega, Dos Santos and Cachao | Portugal | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Megaraptor | Valid taxon | Novas | | Argentina | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Nedcolbertia | Valid taxon | James Kirkland, Britt, Whittle, | S. K. Madsen and Burge | USA ( Utah) | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Notohypsilophodon | Valid taxon | Martínez | | Argentina | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Ozraptor | Valid taxon | J. A. Long and | Ralph Molnar | Australia | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Protohadros | Valid taxon | Head | | USA ( Texas) | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| ''Rahona'' | Preoccupied | Forster Sampson | Luis M. Chiappe and Krause | | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Rahonavis | Valid taxon | Forster, Sampson, | Luis M. Chiappe and Krause | Madagascar | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Scipionyx | Valid taxon | Dal Sasso and | Signore | Italy | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Shanxia | Valid taxon | Barrett, You, | Upchurch and Burton | China | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Shuvuuia | Valid taxon | Luis M. Chiappe, Mark Norell and | Clark | Mongolia | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Sonorasaurus | Valid taxon | Ratkevich, Sidor, Varricchio, | G. P. Wilson and Jeffrey A. Wilson. | USA ( Arizona) | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Suchomimus | Valid taxon | An African spinosaurs | Sereno et al. 1998 | Niger | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Tianzhenosaurus | Valid taxon | Pang and | Cheng Z. | China | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Variraptor | Valid taxon | Le Loeuff and | Buffetaut | France | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |
| Zuniceratops | Valid taxon | Wolfe and | James Kirkland | USA ( New Mexico) | Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis ScipionyxShuvuuia Suchomimus TianzhenosaurusVariraptor Zuniceratops |

### Newly named birds

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Abavornis bonapartei | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Andrei V. Panteleyev | Late Cretaceous | Coniacian, Bissekty Formation | Uzbekistan | An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Actitis balcanica | Sp. nov. | Valid ? | Zlatozar N. Boev | Late Pliocene | MN 17 | Bulgaria | A Scolopacidae?, the holotypical tarsometatarsus looks more like a Charadriidae. |
| Aizenogyps toomeyae | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Steven D. Emslie | Late Pliocene | Late Blancan | USA:  Florida | A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Anhinga beckeri | Sp. nov. | Valid | Steven D. Emslie | Early Pliocene | Late-Early Irvingtonian | USA:  Florida | An Anhingidae. |
| Basityto rummeli | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Jiří Mlíkovský | Early Miocene | MN 2-3 | Germany:  Bavaria | A Gruidae, transferred to the genus Balearica by Mourer-Chauviré in 2001, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Buteo sanya | Sp. nov. | Valid | Hou Lianhai | Late Pleistocene | Cave Deposits | China | An Accipitridae. |
| Buteo spassovi | Sp. nov. | Valid | Zlatozar N. Boev | Late Miocene | MN 11-12 | Bulgaria | An Accipitridae. |
| Catenoleimus anachoretus | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Andrei V. Panteleyev | Late Cretaceous | Coniacian | Uzbekistan | An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Chloephaga robusta | Sp. nov. | Valid | Claudia P. Tambussi | Middle-Late Pliocene | Irene Formation | Argentina | An Anatidae. |
| Coccothraustes balcanicus | Sp. nov. | Valid | Zlatozar N. Boev | Late Pliocene | MN 18 | Bulgaria | A Fringillidae. |
| Coccothraustes simeonovi | Sp. nov. | Valid | Zlatozar N. Boev | Late Pliocene | MN 17 | Bulgaria | A Fringillidae. |
| Diamantornis spaggiarii | Sp. nov. | Valid | Brigitte Senut Yannicke Dauphin Martin Pickford | Early Middle Miocene | Karingarab | Namibia | A Struthionidae, eggshells. |
| Explorornis nessovi | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Andrei V. Panteleyev | Late Cretaceous | Coniacian, Bissekty Formation | Uzbekistan | An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Gargantuavis philoinos | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Eric Buffetaut Jean Le Loeuff | Late Cretaceous | Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian, Marnes de la Maurine Formation | France | An Ornithothoraces, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Gavia schultzi | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jiří Mlíkovský | Middle Miocene | MN 7 | Austria:  Burgenland | A Gaviidae. |
| Geronticus balcanicus | Sp. nov. | Valid | Zlatozar N. Boev | Late Pliocene, MN 18 | Slivnica | Bulgaria | A Threskiornithidae. |
| Glaucidium explorator | Sp. nov. | Valid | Steven D. Emslie | Late Pliocene | Florida | USA:  Florida | A Strigidae. |
| Gracilitarsus mirabilis | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr | Middle Eocene | Messel pit, MP 11 | Germany:  Hessen | A Piciformes, Gracilitarsidae G. Mayr, 2001, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Hassiavis laticauda | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr | Middle Eocene | Messel pit, MP 11 | Germany:  Hessen | An Apodiformes, ?Archaeotrogonidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1980, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Incolornis silvae | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Andrei V. Panteleyev | Late Cretaceous | Coniacian, Bissekty Formation | Uzbekistan | An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Intulula tinnipara | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Jirí Mlíkovský | Early Miocene | MN 2a | Czech Republic;  Germany:  Bavaria | A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Masillacolius brevidactylus | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr Dieter S. Peters | Middle Eocene | Messel pit, MP 11 | Germany:  Hessen | A Coliidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Messelirrisor halcyrostris | Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr | Middle Eocene | Messel pit, MP 11 | Germany:  Hessen | An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979. |
| Messelirrisor parvus | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr | Middle Eocene | Messel pit, MP 11 | Germany:  Hessen | An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Mioglaux debellatrix | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Jirí Mlíkovský | Early Miocene | MN 3 | Czech Republic | A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Miopico benimellalensis | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr | Middle Miocene | Beni Mellal | Morocco | A Miopiconidae G. Mayr, 1998, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Palaelodus pledgei | Sp. nov. | Valid | Robert F. Baird Patricia Vickers Rich | Late Oligocene - Middle Miocene | Etadunna Formation | Australia:  South Australia | A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885. |
| Palaelodus wilsoni | Sp. nov. | Valid | Robert F. Baird Patricia Vickers Rich | Late Oligocene - Middle Miocene | Etadunna Formation | Australia:  South Australia | A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885. |
| ?Primozygodactylus ballmanni | Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr | Middle Eocene | Messel pit, MP 11 | Germany:  Hessen | A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, not surely a Primozygodactylus. |
| Primozygodactylus danielsi | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr | Middle Eocene | Messel pit, MP 11 | Germany:  Hessen | A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Primozygodactylus major | Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr | Middle Eocene | Messel pit, MP 11 | Germany:  Hessen | A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971. |
| Pseudastur macrocephalus | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr | Middle Eocene | Messel pit, MP 11 | Germany:  Hessen | A Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972. The genus Pseudastur is preoccupied and replaced by Pseudasturides Mayr, 2004, this is the type species of both genera. |
| Psittacopes lepidus | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr ppMichael Daniels | Middle Eocene | Messel pit, MP 11 | Germany:  Hessen | A stem Psittaciformes, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Quasisyndactylus longibrachis | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Gerald Mayr | Middle Eocene | Messel pit, MP 11 | Germany:  Hessen | An Alcediniformes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus. |
| Rostratula pulia | Sp. nov. | Valid | Jíří Mlíkovský | Early Miocene | MN 4b | Czech Republic | A Rostratulidae. |
| Scolopax hutchensi | Sp. nov. | Valid | Steven D. Emslie | Late Pliocene | Florida | USA:  Florida | A Scolopacidae. |
| Struthio karingarabensis | Sp. nov. | Valid | Brigitte Senut Yannicke Dauphin Martin Pickford | Early Miocene | Karingarab | Namibia | A Struthionidae, eggshells. |
| Tetrao rhodopensis | Sp. nov. | Valid | Zlatozar N. Boev | Early Pliocene | MN 14 | Bulgaria | A Phasianidae. |
| Xenopsitta fejfari | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Jiří Mlíkovský | Early Miocene | MN 3 | Czech Republic | A Psittacidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |

## Pterosaurs
### New taxa

| Name | Status | Authors | Authors | Notes |
| "Dendrorhynchus" | Valid | Ji S.-A. Ji Q. | | |
| Normannognathus | Valid | Buffetaut Lepage, J.-J. Lepage, G. | | |