OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valognes

Valognes (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.

## Geography

Valognes is situated in the Cotentin Peninsula, southeast of Cherbourg. Valognes station has rail connections to Caen, Paris and Cherbourg.

## History

The town was built not far from the Gallo-Roman town of Alauna or Alaunia, from where the town derives its name. It was a fortified stronghold under the Norman dukes and French monarchs. Also here, William the Conqueror received the news that the barons of Cotentin and Bessin were conspiring to kill him, enabling him to escape to Falaise. Edward III of England took Valognes without resistance, spent one night there and then pillaged and burnt the city. Henry III of England possessed the town, which remained under English rule for thirty years. (It would be a kind of resort for English aristocratic visitors until the 1920s.) In 1588, during the French Wars of Religion, Valognes sided with the Catholic League. The castle, like that of Cherbourg, was completely destroyed under King Louis XIV. Of the friaries of the Capuchin and Conventual friars and the abbey of Benedictine nuns, which existed in Valognes prior to 1792, only the latter remains and was transformed into the hospice of the Rue des Religieuses.
The 14th-century church of Notre Dame had a dome (dated 1612), the only example of a Gothic dome in France. The whole building was destroyed in 1944 during the Battle of Normandy.
Before the French Revolution, Valognes was the residence of more than a hundred families of distinguished birth and fortune, and was for a long time afterwards the home, en villégiature, of many of the old noblesse. Thus the town was known as the Versailles of Normandy for its aristocratic mansions and palaces, as well as the quiet, mysterious ambience and exclusivity of its streets. This was the Valognes of Barbey d'Aurevilly.
The 1928 Methuen guide book to Normandy by Cyril Scudamore rather more prosaically describes Valognes as "a clean and well-built town, whose fine old houses bear witness to its former prosperity".
Little remains of Valognes's famous architectural heritage, as many of the aristocratic mansions were reduced to rubble during the battle of Normandy. The lovely hôtel de Beaumont, however, still stands.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Valognes | The arms of Valognes are blazoned : Azure, a lynx courant argent between in chief 2 stalks of wheat crossed in saltire and in base 2 stalks palewise Or. |

## Museums

The town has two museums devoted to the two alcoholic drinks for which Normandy is known: one for cider, the other for the apple brandy called calvados.

## Twin towns

Valognes is twinned with
* Wimborne Minster in Dorset, England, United Kingdom
* Stolberg in Rhineland, Germany

## Notable people

* Félix Vicq-d'Azyr born on 23 April 1746
* Léopold Victor Delisle born on 24 October 1826, French medievalist and Administrator General of the Bibliotheque Nationale
* Edelestand du Méril (1801–1870), French medievalist and philologist.
* Frédéric Guilbert born 24 December 1994 in Valognes, French professional footballer.
# Valognes station

Gare de Valognes is a railway station serving the town Valognes, Manche department, northwestern France. It is situated on the Mantes-la-Jolie–Cherbourg railway.

## Services

The station is served by regional trains to Cherbourg, Caen and Paris.
| Preceding station | TER Normandie | TER Normandie | TER Normandie | Following station |
| Carentantowards Paris-Saint-Lazare | | Krono+ | | CherbourgTerminus |
| Carentantowards Caen | | Krono | | CherbourgTerminus |
# Vallabhnagar railway station

Vallabhnagar railway station is a small railway station in Dungarpur district, Rajasthan. Its code is VBN. It serves the village of Vallabhnagar. The station consists of one platform. The platform is not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation.
# Vallecitos (volcano)

Vallecitos is a mountain subrange/area in Argentina. It has a height of 6,120 metres (20,079 ft). It is located at Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca Province, at the Puna de Atacama.

## First ascent

The first recorded ascent of Cerro Vallecitos was by Henri Barret (France) April 14, 1999.

## Elevation

Other data from available digital elevation models: SRTM yields 6097 metres, ASTER 6079 metres, ASTER filled 6097 metres, ALOS 6079 metres, TanDEM-X 6138 metres, The height of the nearest key col is 4930 meters, leading to a topographic prominence of 1190 meters. Vallecitos is considered a Mountain Subrange according to the Dominance System and its dominance is 19.44%. Its parent peak is Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas and the Topographic isolation is 39.4 kilometers.
# Vadsø

Vadsø or Vadso may refer to:

## Places

* Vadsø Municipality, a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway
* Vadsø (town), a town within Vadsø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway
* Vadsø Church, a church in Vadsø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway
* Vadsø Airport, an airport in Vadsø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway
# Vanilla Yamazaki

Vanilla Yamazaki (山崎 バニラ, Yamazaki Banira, real name Masami Yamazaki (山崎 雅美, Yamazaki Masami)) is a katsudō-benshi, voice actor, an actress, a choreographer, and a tarento born January 15, 1978, in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan and raised in Ōta, Tokyo.
# Vanilla andina

Vanilla andina is a species of vanilla orchid. It was first described in 2022 from specimens collected in Peru and Ecuador. It is similar to Vanilla armoriquensis but differs in its “prominent parallel callus, longitudinal narrow keels that extend above the middle of the lip and broadly obtuse to emarginate midlobe with crispate margins.”
# Valentine Overton

Valentine Overton (25 October 1565; 30 August 1646) was an Anglican priest, who served as Archdeacon of Derby from 1603 until 1609.
The son of Richard Overton and nephew of Bishop William Overton, he was baptized in the parish of St. Giles without Cripplegate, London, 25 October 1565, and educated at Magdalen College, Oxford. He was for many years the incumbent at Bedworth. Overton was appointed a Canon of Lichfield in 1593.
# Rick Roberts (executive producer)

Rick Roberts is a documentary producer and communications consultant. During his career in human services and non profit management he has received a White House "Point of Light" award and was named a "Chicagoan of the Year".
In 1988 Roberts became the 6th Executive Director of the Chicago Christian Industrial League.
In 1995 Rick created his own production company Horizons Communications Group Through this company Roberts has produced several documentaries. Horizons Communications Group is also responsible for producing several PSAs and videos for non-for profits. Clients include: Access to Care, America's Film Fund, America's Second Harvest, Brothers of the Poor of St. Francis, CEDA, Center for Religious Architecture, The Salvation Army, Chicago Public Schools, and Rotary International.
# Zatrephes iridescens

Zatrephes iridescens is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1910. It is found in French Guiana and Brazil.

## Subspecies

* Zatrephes iridescens iridescens (Brazil)
* Zatrephes iridescens pura Dognin, 1921 (French Guiana)
# Beddington Lane railway station

Beddington Lane railway station was a single-platform station on the West Croydon to Wimbledon Line. Situated in a semi-rural location, the nearest major settlements were Beddington and Mitcham.

## History

After the Surrey Iron Railway went out of business in 1846, a new railway was built on the line by the Wimbledon and Croydon Railway, which opened the station on 22 October 1855. It was originally named Beddington but was renamed in January 1887 to Beddington Lane. In 1919 it became Beddington Lane Halt, but reverted to Beddington Lane on 5 May 1969.
The station closed with the line after the last train ran on 31 May 1997. Beddington Lane tram stop was built on the site.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Mitcham Junction | Connex South Central West Croydon to Wimbledon Line | Waddon Marsh |
51°23′23″N 0°08′31″W﻿ / ﻿51.38961°N 0.14199°W﻿ / 51.38961; -0.14199
# The Heritage Golf and Country Club

The Heritage Golf and Country Club is located approximately 45 kilometres east-north-east from Melbourne's CBD, in the suburb of Chirnside Park, Victoria, Australia. It opened in 1999 with the release of Stage One residential development, with the Jack Nicklaus–designed St John Golf Course opened in 2000. Stage Two, the Henley Golf Course, designed by Tony Cashmore, opened on 8 October 2006. The planning of Stage Three: Botanica, a residential development of apartments and villas, is complete. The Yarra Valley Lodge, is managed by Mantra.

## Location

The Heritage Golf and Country Club is set on the outskirts of the Melbourne metropolitan area. The Heritage Golf and Country Club is located in the suburb of Chirnside Park, and adjacent to suburbs of Wonga Park and Christmas Hills. The Henley Golf Course is located in Christmas Hills, across the Yarra River.

## Facilities
### Yarra Valley Lodge

The Yarra Valley Lodge is operated by Austpac Hotels & Resorts. It opened in 2002. The hotel is located across the Heritage Avenue from the clubhouse.

### Golf Courses
#### St John Golf Course

The 18-hole St John layout was opened in 2000. The course is designed by Jack Nicklaus. The championship course measures 6670 metres in length, with a par of 72 and an ACR of 76.

#### Henley Golf Course

The Henley layout opened to members in October 2006. The 18-hole course is designed by Tony Cashmore, in conjunction with the original design by Jack Nicklaus. In comparison to the St John course, the Henley is a links course, with far fewer trees, more water hazards and greater exposure to the natural elements, especially wind. In 2007 the playing rights were open to all members, their guests, and hotel patrons, similar to the St John Golf Course.

### Kangaroo Cull

A cull of the resident kangaroos was planned to start at 9 pm on 27 April 2021. The cull was to take place over six hours in the dead of night with the carcasses of the dead kangaroos to be sent for dog food. Protesters turned out en masse, some prepared to place themselves in between the shooters and the kangaroos and the cull was halted. The situation is being closely watched by concerned environmental groups and locals who are fearful the shooters may return.
# Sussex I State Prison

Sussex I State Prison is a prison of the Virginia Department of Corrections located in unincorporated Sussex County, Virginia, near Waverly. It is adjacent to Sussex II State Prison, which lies to its northwest, just across Mussellwhite Drive.
The prison, a maximum security facility, opened in May 1998. It serves as an intake facility. It housed the state death row for men from the time it was moved from Mecklenburg Correctional Center in August, 1998 until the abolition of the death penalty in July, 2021. The actual execution chamber was at the Greensville Correctional Center.

## Security Concerns

In 2020, VADOC discovered that inmates at both Sussex I and Sussex II state prisons were able to jam their cell doors -- which allowed them to leave their cells without staff approval. This resulted in the cell doors not being able to close properly, which was identified as an immediate safety hazard. The agency commenced on a project to replace all cell doors in the facilities at a cost of $13.6 million dollars. In the meanwhile, each cell door was secured with a keyed padlock on a temporary basis with additional staff assigned to the cell house for the purposes of being able to unlock the cells in the event of a fire emergency in the unit. The installed temporary locking procedures were deemed in compliance by the Virginia State Fire Marshal's Office during a surprise inspection of Sussex I State Prison on March 23, 2022.
# Trimethylsulfonium

Trimethylsulfonium (systematically named trimethylsulfanium) is an organic cation with the chemical formula (CH$_3$)$_3$S$^+$ (also written as C$_3$H$_9$S$^+$).

## Compounds

Several salts of trimethylsulfonium are known. X-ray crystallography reveals that the ion has trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry at sulfur atom, with C-S-C angles near 102° and C-S bond distance of 177 picometers. Unless the counteranion is colored, all trimethylsulfonium salts are white or colorless.
| Salt | Formula | Molecular weight (g/mol) | Properties |
| Trimethylsulfonium chloride | [(CH$_3$)$_3$S]$^+$Cl$^−$ | 112.5 | Colorless crystals, decompose at 100 °C, very soluble in ethanol, very hygroscopic. |
| Trimethylsulfonium bromide | [(CH$_3$)$_3$S]$^+$Br$^−$ | 157 | Colorless crystals. Decomposes at 172 °C, melts in a sealed tube at 201-201 °C, reacts in neutral aqueous solution. |
| Trimethylsulfonium iodide | [(CH$_3$)$_3$S]$^+$I$^−$ | 204 | Colorless crystals, decomposes at 203-207 °C. crystal structure monoclinic, with these parameters: a = 5.94 μm, b = 8.00 μm, c = 8.92 μm, β = 126°32′ 2 formulas per unit cell, density = 1.958 g/cm$^3$ |
| Trimethylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate | [(CH$_3$)$_3$S]$^+$[BF$_4$]$^−$ | 163.97 | melting point = 205-210 °C |
| Trimethylsulfonium methylsulfate | [(CH$_3$)$_3$S]$^+$CH$_3$OSO−3 | 188.27 | melting point = 92-94 °C Crystal structure orthorhombic with these parameters: a = 12.6157 μm, b = 8.2419 μm, c = 7.540 μm cell volume 784.0 2 formulas per unit cell |

## Preparation

Sulfonium compounds can be synthesised by treating a suitable alkyl halide with a thioether. For example, the reaction of dimethyl sulfide with iodomethane yields trimethylsulfonium iodide:
    (CH$_3$)$_2$S + CH$_3$I → [(CH$_3$)$_3$S]$^+$I$^−$

## Related

An extra oxygen atom can bond to the sulfur atom to yield the trimethylsulfoxonium ion [(CH$_3$)$_3$S=O]$^+$, where the sulfur atom is tetravalent and tetracoordinated.

## Use

Glyphosate herbicide is often supplied as a trimethylsulfonium salt, referred to as trimesium.
When mixed with aluminium bromide, or aluminium chloride or even hydrogen bromide, trimethylsulfonium bromide forms an ionic liquid, which melts at temperatures below standard conditions.
# Trimethylsilylpropanoic acid

Trimethylsilylpropanoic acid (TMSP or TSP) is a chemical compound containing a trimethylsilyl group. It is used as internal reference in nuclear magnetic resonance for aqueous solvents (e.g. D$_2$O). For that use it is often deuterated (3-(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,3,3-tetradeuteropropionic acid or TMSP-d$_4$). Other internal references that are frequently used in NMR experiments are DSS and tetramethylsilane.
# Triangle Youth Brass Band

Triangle Youth Brass Band (TYBB) a British-style brass band located in Raleigh, North Carolina that was formed in 1997 as a youth component of the Triangle Brass Band (TBB). Under the direction of Jesse Rackley, Matt Edwards, and Robin Gorham. The Youth Band program serves nearly 100 high school-aged musicians in three separate bands, Triangle Youth J. Perry Watson Brass Band (Watson), the Triangle Youth Brass Band (TYBB) and the Triangle Youth Academy Brass Band (TYABB). All three bands have done performances outside the triangle area, including tours to North American Brass Band Association (NABBA) championships. The three bands also perform locally and regionally as ambassadors of the British brass band tradition.

## History

The Triangle Youth Brass Band (TYBB) was founded in 1997 as a youth component for the Triangle Brass Band. In its first year, the band only gave one performance. It was conducted by Matt Edwards, Stephen Lytle, John Enloe, and Randy Guptill. Guptill took over conducting the band until Tony Granados took over in 2001. Tony Granados continued to conduct the band until May 2013 when Jesse Rackley, the band's current director, took his place. In 2007, the organization split off into two bands, the Triangle Youth Brass Band (TYBB), and the Triangle Youth Brass Ensemble (TYBE), the former being the more prestigious of the two and following a stricter instrumentation. The Triangle Youth Brass Ensemble was renamed the Triangle Youth Academy Brass Band (TYABB) in November 2013 and was under the direction of Matt Edwards. In 2015, the Triangle Youth Brass Band Organization added a third band under the direction of Robin Gorham. The two existing bands were renamed: TYBB was renamed to the Triangle Youth J. Perry Watson Brass Band and TYABB was renamed to TYBB. The 3rd band assumed the name of the Triangle Youth Academy Brass Band (TYABB). The Youth Band's mission is to provide an opportunity for the finest area high school brass and percussion players to supplement their wind band experience by performing in a British-style brass band and to raise the level of brass playing in the area.

## National Competitive Awards

North American Brass Band Association Championships, Youth Division
* 2001 First Place, TYBB
* 2002 First Place, TYBB
* 2004 First Place, TYBB
* 2006 First Place, TYBB
* 2007 First Place, TYBB
* 2009 First Place, TYBB
* 2022 First Place, TYBB
North American Brass Band Association Championships, Youth Open Division
* 2007 First Place, TYBE
* 2008 First Place, TYBE
* 2009 First Place, TYBE
* 2022 First Place, TYBE
North American Brass band Association Championships, Solo and Ensemble
* 2002 First Place, Youth Percussion, Triangle Youth Percussion
* 2004 First Place, Youth Percussion, TYBB Percussion
* 2006 First Place, Youth Ensemble, Triangle Youth Brass Quintet
* 2006 First Place, Youth Percussion, Triangle Youth Percussion
* 2007 First Place, Youth Percussion, Triangle Youth Percussion
* 2021 First Place, Youth Percussion, Triangle Youth Percussion
* 2022 First Place, Youth Percussion, Triangle Youth Percussion
# Triptych (philately)

A triptych is a philatelic term (from the Greek: "three" + "fold") which was borrowed from the art world and having the same meaning: a set of three panels hinged together. It is used to describe three se-tenant postage stamps of related design that make up a complete single design.
In the US, the form is rarely used, perhaps because it does not lend itself to the popular plate block of four format for collecting. Instead, one frequently sees blocks of two or four or other even number of se-tenant stamps. In 1976, the US produced the "Spirit of '76" issue. In 1992 for the 500th anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus, the US issued a series of five triptychs in vertical format based on the famous 1892 series of commemorative stamps. This was a triptych only in the sense that they were thematically related to each other, but they were distinctively three designs rather than like the continuous design of the Spirit of '76.
# Trifocal lenses

Trifocals are eyeglasses with lenses that have three regions which correct for distance, intermediate (arm's length), and near vision. John Isaac Hawkins developed the trifocal lens in 1827.
Trifocals are mostly used by people with advanced presbyopia who have been prescribed 2 diopters or more of reading addition. The intermediate addition is normally half the reading addition. So, for someone with a distance prescription of −4 diopters and a reading addition of +3, the reading portion of their trifocals would have a net power of −1, and the intermediate segment would be −2.5 diopters.
Trifocal lenses are made in similar styles to bifocals, but with an additional segment for intermediate vision above the reading section. A common style is the 7×28 flat-top or D-shaped segment, 28 mm wide, with a 7 mm high intermediate segment. Larger intermediate segments are available, and are particularly useful for people who spend a lot of time using computers.
Trifocals are becoming rarer as more people choose to wear progressive lenses.
# Tribo da Periferia

Tribo da Periferia is a Brazilian hip hop group consisting of rapper/producer Duckjay and Look. The group has released various well known hits, such as: Imprevisível, Alma de Pipa and Insônia.
Originally, the group was composed of Duckjay, Mano Marley and Alisson, also working together with DJ Bola Tribo and AceDace. Eventually, the group was restructured when Mano Marley and Alisson left, causing the group formation to be altered. DJ Bola and AceDace also ceased their collaborations with the group, and Duckjay initiated new projects with Look.

## History

Formed in Brasília, DF, Brazil in 1998, Tribo da Periferia released their first album with many difficulties and obstacles. The first album Verdadeiro Brasileiro possessed 12 tracks and was created on a low budget, but helped establish the group's political views.
In 2005, Tribo da Periferia released their first hit song: Carro de Malandro. Following the release of Carro de Malandro, Duckjay began to receive recognition from the Brazilian music scene. Marília Mendonça invited the group to perform at a local festival in Goiânia.
In 2016, the group won the Palco Mp3 award for being the most accessed artist in the Rap/Hip-Hop category. Currently, the group possesses seven albums. A show was performed in the Mané Garrincha stadium in Brasília to celebrate Tribo da Periferia's twenty year career. After years of dedication, they have managed to establish a consistent following on their YouTube channel with over one billion views total. While, on Spotify, Tribo da Perifeira has about 9.5 million listeners and 1.64 million followers.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Verdadeiro Brasileiro (2003)
* Tudo Nosso (2005)
* 1° Último (2011)
* 2° Último (2013)
* Lost tape (2013)
* 3° Último (2014)
* 4° Último (2016)
* 5° Último (2019)
* Híbrido (2021)

### Singles

* Insônia (2014) with Hungria Hip Hop
* Photoshop (2020)

## Awards and nominations

* Prêmio Palco Mp3 (Artist with most streams)
* Hutuz 2008 (Duckjay was nominated in the best producer category)
# Trihalide

A trihalide in chemistry is an organohalide consisting of three halide atoms bonded to a single atom or compound. An example of a trihalide is chloroform.
The trihalomethanes are the simplest trihalides, because only one hydrogen is connected to the carbon. The 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is one of the trihalides of ethane.
# Triplochiton scleroxylon

Triplochiton scleroxylon is a tree of the genus Triplochiton of the family Malvaceae. The timber is known by the common names African whitewood, abachi, obeche (in Nigeria), wawa (in Ghana), ayous (in Cameroon) and sambawawa (in Ivory Coast). The tree is the official state tree of Ekiti State, Nigeria.

## Description

The species is distributed over the tropical areas of West Africa and Central Africa.

## Uses

The timber yielded is typically pale yellow and is moderately soft and light for a hardwood.
The timber is used in the manufacture of veneer, furniture, picture frames and mouldings. It is also used by guitar makers. Gibson and Fender Japan have used the wood to produce limited edition guitars.
The tree is a host of the African silk moth, Anaphe venata, whose caterpillars feed on the leaves and spin cocoons which are then used to make silk.
The wood is exploited in its natural habitat, a harvest that is unsustainable in some areas. However, it remains classed as 'least concern' on the IUCN Red List.
# Triplophysa nanpanjiangensis

Triplophysa nanpanjiangensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa.

## Footnotes

* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Triplophysa nanpanjiangensis". FishBase.
* This Nemacheilidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Tricholoma subcuneifolium

Tricholoma subcuneifolium is an agaric fungus of the genus Tricholoma. Found in the South Solomons, it was described as new to science in 1994 by English mycologist E.J.H. Corner.
# Tricholoma scalpturatum

Tricholoma scalpturatum is a species of agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. Found in Europe, it grows in a mycorrhizal association with deciduous trees including Quercus, Fagus, Tilia, and Populus, and occasionally with Pinus.
# True Value 500

There have been two different races in racing history called the True Value 500:
* One held at Pocono Raceway for USAC Champ Cars in 1980, for which see Pocono 500 (Indycar)
* Two held at Texas Motor Speedway for Indy Racing League cars in 1997 and 1998, for which see Firestone 550