OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zafra ornata

Zafra ornata is a species of sea snail in the family Columbellidae, the dove snails.

## Nomenclature

G.W. Tryon established the name Columbella garretti as a replacement name for Citharopsis ornata Pease, 1868, by Tryon treated as a secondary homonym of Columbella ornata Ravenel, 1858. Under Art. 59.3 of the ICZN, "A junior secondary homonym replaced before 1961 is permanently invalid unless the substitute name is not in use and the relevant taxa are no longer considered congeneric, in which case the junior homonym is not to be rejected on grounds of that replacement." In the present case, the name Columbella garretti has not been used as the valid name after Tryon, and Pease and Ravenel's species are not considered to be congeneric. Zafra ornata (Pease, 1868) thus remains the valid name.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 2 mm.
(Described as Cytharopsis ornata) The shell is rather stoutly fusiform. The slender spire is elongate. The longitudinal ribs are rounded, prominent, contiguous and sometimes becoming obsolete on lower part of body whorl. The outer lip is denticulate within. The ribs are white, sometimes banded with white, blotched or spotted irregularly with iridescent reddish brown. The body whorl is ornamented with flexuous lines of reddish chestnut.
The shell varies much in the disposition of its colors, but the opaque-white ribs and flexuous lines on the body whorl are constant.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Tahiti, the Society Islands, the Philippines and South Africa.
# Yücelik, Karayazı

Yücelik is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Karayazı, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 408 (2022).
# Zacharias Joachim Cleve

Zacharias Joachim Cleve (December 3, 1820 – January 20, 1900) was a Finnish pedagogue and philosopher. He served as an assistant professor of education and didactics (kasvatus- ja opetusoppi) at the University of Helsinki from 1862 to 1882. He was influential in establishing the Finnish school system.
Cleve was born in Rantasalmi to vicar Joachim Adolf and Juliana Aminoff. He received a doctorate in 1850 and became a teacher at the Kuopia Lyceum. In 1854 he wrote a book on pedagogy Försök till lärobok i psykologi. In 1860-61 he made a study trip which resulted in a doctoral thesis Skolan, Pedagogty utkast (1861) and in 1862 he was made professor of education. In 1864 he founded the Finnish educational association and edited its periodical. He published his last book Grunddrag till skolpedagogik in 1884.
Cleve was influenced by humanist ideas and Hegelian dialectics. He believed that the mission of education was to serve in a critical dialogue with the environment and he noted the need for a school's independence in determining the educational role. According to him this principled autonomy enabled it to be useful without being an instrument for organizing power or managing mindsets.
# Zacharias Jimenez

Zacarias Cenita Jimenez (5 November 1947 – 19 April 2018) was a Filipino Roman Catholic bishop.

## Biography

Born on 5 November 1947 in Inabanga, Bohol in the Philippines, Jimenez was ordained to the priesthood on 17 April 1973 at the St. Joseph's Cathedral in Tagbilaran. He was consecrated as bishop on 6 January 1995 at the St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City.
He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pagadian, Philippines, from 2 December 1994 to 11 June 2003. He then served as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Butuan, Philippines and as titular bishop of Arba from 11 June 2003 until his death.
He was discharged from a hospital on 15 April 2018 after suffering a second stroke but died at 8:01 a.m on 19 April due to acute respiratory failure in Butuan.
# Samyang 10mm f/2.8 ED AS NCS CS

The Samyang 10mm 1:2.8 ED AS NCS CS is an interchangeable camera lens announced by Samyang on December 6, 2013.
# Abetifi

Abetifi is a small town in south Ghana and is the capital of Kwahu East district, a district in the Eastern Region of south Ghana.

## Climate

Climate data for Abetifi (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.5 (94.1) | 35.7 (96.3) | 35.8 (96.4) | 33.6 (92.5) | 33.1 (91.6) | 31.2 (88.2) | 29.5 (85.1) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.0 (86.0) | 33.4 (92.1) | 32.0 (89.6) | 33.3 (91.9) | 35.8 (96.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.3 (86.5) | 31.6 (88.9) | 31.1 (88.0) | 30.2 (86.4) | 29.1 (84.4) | 27.5 (81.5) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.9 (80.4) | 28.0 (82.4) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.4 (84.9) | 28.8 (83.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.8 (78.4) | 26.7 (80.1) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.3 (77.5) | 24.2 (75.6) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.6 (74.5) | 24.4 (75.9) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.5 (77.9) | 24.9 (76.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.9 (71.4) | 21.5 (70.7) | 20.8 (69.4) | 20.1 (68.2) | 19.8 (67.6) | 20.3 (68.5) | 20.8 (69.4) | 21.3 (70.3) | 21.5 (70.7) | 21.1 (70.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.5 (59.9) | 18.4 (65.1) | 17.8 (64.0) | 18.0 (64.4) | 17.1 (62.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 17.4 (63.3) | 16.8 (62.2) | 17.7 (63.9) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.8 (65.8) | 18.1 (64.6) | 15.5 (59.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 18.7 (0.74) | 35.8 (1.41) | 133.7 (5.26) | 139.4 (5.49) | 156.8 (6.17) | 205.4 (8.09) | 96.8 (3.81) | 64.2 (2.53) | 181.2 (7.13) | 174.3 (6.86) | 46.3 (1.82) | 26.4 (1.04) | 1,279 (50.35) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.4 | 2.8 | 8.0 | 9.9 | 11.4 | 13.9 | 8.2 | 6.5 | 13.5 | 12.9 | 4.1 | 2.1 | 94.7 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||
# The King of Blaze

The King of Blaze may refer to:
# Super-AGB star

A super-AGB star is a star with a mass intermediate between those that end their lives as a white dwarf and those that end with a core collapse supernova, and properties intermediate between asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and red supergiants. They have initial masses of 7.5–9.25 M$_☉$ in stellar-evolutionary models, but have exhausted their core hydrogen and helium, left the main sequence, and expanded to become large, cool, and luminous.

## HR diagram

Super-AGB stars occupy the top-right of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (HR diagram), and have cool temperatures between 3,000 and 4,000 K, which is similar to normal AGB stars and red supergiant stars (RSG stars). These cool temperatures allow molecules to form in their photospheres and atmospheres. Super-AGB stars emit most of their light in the infra-red spectrum because of their extremely cool temperatures.

## The Chandrasekhar limit and their life

A super-AGB star's core may grow to (or past) the Chandrasekhar mass because of continued hydrogen (H) and helium (He) shell burning, ending as core-collapse supernovae. The most massive super-AGB stars (at around 9 M$_☉$) are theorized to end in electron capture supernovae. The error in this determination due to uncertainties in the third dredge-up efficiency and AGB mass-loss rate could lead to about a doubling of the number of electron-capture supernovae, which also supports the theory that these stars make up 66% of the supernovae detected by satellites.
These stars are at a similar stage in life to red giant stars, such as Aldebaran, Mira, and Chi Cygni, and are at a stage where they start to brighten, and their brightness tends to vary, along with their size and temperature.
These stars represent a transition to the more massive supergiant stars that undergo full fusion of elements heavier than helium. During the triple-alpha process, some elements heavier than carbon are also produced: mostly oxygen, but also some magnesium, neon, and even heavier elements, gaining an oxygen-neon (ONe) core. Super-AGB stars develop partially degenerate carbon–oxygen cores that are large enough to ignite carbon in a flash analogous to the earlier helium flash. The second dredge-up is very strong in this mass range and that keeps the core size below the level required for burning of neon as occurs in higher-mass supergiants.
# 1988 in Kuwait

Events from the year 1988 in Kuwait.

## Incumbents

* Emir: Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
* Prime Minister: Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah

## Births

* 21 April - Amer Al Fadhel.
* 18 June - Abdullah Al Shemali.
* 1 September - Fahad Al Enezi.
* 19 October - Aziz Mashaan.
# Trevor Hoyte (athlete)

Trevor Simion Hoyte (born 1957) is an English former sprinter.

## Athletics career

Hoyte was a National champion after winning the 1979 UK Athletics Championships over 100 metres.
He represented England in the 200 metres and 4 x 100 metres relay events, at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

## Personal life

He is part of a sporting family. His brother is Les Hoyte (a former international sprinter) and sister in-law is Wendy Hoyte. His nephews are Justin Hoyte and Gavin Hoyte.
# Union for Democracy and the Republic (Chad)

The Union for Democracy and Republic (Union pour la Démocratie et la République or UDR) is a Chadian political party founded in 1992. In March the party elected as its president Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, who had just left the position of Prime Minister. In the parliamentary election of 1997 the party took 4 seats and initially supported the president Idriss Déby. Before the parliamentary elections, between 1995 and 1997, the Prime Minister was Koibla Djimasta, himself of the UDR. During the previous presidential elections held in 1996 the party's candidate, Alingué, gained most of his votes in his native Tandjilé Prefecture, where he obtained the 39.69% of the popular vote, but also came second in the capital N'Djamena, where he took 16,52%.
In the following parliamentary election held in 2002, the UDC boycotted the vote as it believed there weren't sufficient guarantees of a free and fair election, in particular having requested to redo the electoral register.
# William Marion Ramsey

William Marion Ramsay (December 25, 1846 – September 15, 1937) was an American politician and judge in Oregon. He was the 43rd justice of the Oregon Supreme Court serving from 1913 to 1915. He was also the first dean of Willamette University College of Law and a mayor of Salem, Oregon, and McMinnville, Oregon.

## Early life

William Ramsay was born on Christmas Day 1846 in Monroe County, Iowa. The next year the family traveled the Oregon Trail and settled near the town of Newberg in Oregon Country. Arriving in the fall of 1847, William's parents Susan Shuck (d. 1898) and David Ramsey (d. 1891) homesteaded on the same site as Ewing Young's former mill. William was the youngest of five children in the family when they moved to Oregon, although his parents later had nine more children. He was schooled in the local public schools before attending and graduating from McMinnville College. William read law in Yamhill County and passed the bar, becoming a lawyer in 1868. Two years later he married Mahala A. Harris with whom he fathered four children.

## Legal career

In 1870, William was elected as the county judge for Yamhill County. He then practiced law in Lafayette, Oregon for ten years including for a time as a law partner with Benjamin F. Bonham, the two were partners from 1876 until 1885. From 1883 to 1888 Ramsey served as the first dean for Willamette University College of Law in Salem, Oregon, where he was in charge of a staff of three professors. While in Salem he also served as mayor before moving to east to Pendleton, Oregon, and La Grande, Oregon, (1902–1911) and then settling again in McMinnville, Oregon, where he served two terms as mayor.
On June 3, 1913, Oregon Governor Oswald West appointed Ramsey and fellow former Willamette Law dean Charles L. McNary to the state supreme court bench when the court expanded from five to seven justices. Ramsey, a Democrat, ran for re-election in 1914, but lost to Lawrence T. Harris. Both McNary and Ramsey left the court at the end of the term on January 4, 1915.

## Family

William's son Frederick served as a sergeant in the US Marine Corps aboard the Battleship Oregon during the Spanish–American War. After his first wife died William married Julia A. Snyder in 1896, and they had one daughter. William Marion Ramsey died on September 15, 1937, at the age of 91 and was buried in McMinnville at a funeral attended by several Oregon Supreme Court justices including Henry J. Bean, John O. Bailey, John L. Rand, and Percy R. Kelly.
Willamette University's law school holds an annual lecture in his honor.
# Venus in Leo

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 78/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 7.6/10 |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | |
Venus in Leo is the fourth studio album by Australian band HTRK. It was released on 30 August 2019 by Ghostly International. The cover photograph is of Jonnine Standish's childhood home by Warwick Baker.
You Know How to Make Me Happy, the first single from the album was released on 10 July 2019.

## Critical reception

Venus in Leo was met with favourable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 78, based on 7 reviews.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jonnine Standish and Nigel Yang
# Ramkrishna Mahavidyalaya

Ramkrishna Mahabhidyalay is a general degree college affiliated with Tripura University (a central university) located in Kailashahar, Tripura. It is the second-oldest college in Tripura, established in 1950. This college provides several undergraduate courses and also offers two postgraduate courses starting in 2022.
The founder of the college, Tapas Chaitanya Maharaj, wished to transmit to society the ideals of Sri Ramkrishna Paramhamsa Dev and Swami Vivekananda. Dr. Sachchidananda Dhar was the founder and principal of the college. Initially, the college offered only arts courses, but later, science and commerce streams were added. The college was privately owned for more than thirty years. After that, the government took over the college in 1982.

## Enumeration

This college is made up of a total of 5 buildings, with 55 rooms, of which 30 are classrooms. This college has five office rooms and staff rooms. There are 20 additional rooms. A separate science department of the college was inaugurated on October 14, 2022, by Chief Minister Dr. Manik Saha. Teachers, students, and dignitaries attended the ceremony, including the Hon'ble Minister for Social Welfare and Social Education Santana Chakma.

## Courses and subjects

* Bachalors of science:
* Mathematics
* Physics
* Chemistry
* Botany
* Zoology
* Physiology
* Computer Sc.
* Bachalors of arts:
* Bengali
* Political Science
* History
* Education
* Philosophy
* Economics
* Sanskrit
* Pali
* Hindi
* Music
* Physical
* Education
* Bachalors of commerce:
* Commerce
# Vespomima nigrotaenia

Vespomima nigrotaenia is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Vespomima of the family Ulidiidae.
# VfL Herzlake

VfL Herzlake is a German association football club from the village of Herzlake, Lower Saxony. In addition to a football department, the club has sections for handball, gymnastics, and volleyball.

## History

The club was established in 1921 as Fußball-Club Herzlake and in 1927 was renamed Deutsche Jugendkraft Grün-Weiß Hertzlake as part of the DJK-Sportverband, a nationwide sports organization sponsored by the Catholic Church. With the rise to power of the Nazis, faith-based and left-leaning worker's sports organizations were disbanded as politically unpalatable to the regime and the Herzlake club disappeared in 1934.
The end of World War II and the collapse of the Third Reich saw many previously banned clubs re-established, including Herzlake, which was reformed as Verein für Leibesübungen Herzlake in 1946. The team enjoyed its first successes in local level play in the early 70s, advancing to the Landesliga Niedersachsen (V) in 1975, and from there in 1982 into the Verbandsliga Niedersachsen (IV), where they won titles in 1985, 1987, and 1988. A successful promotion round playoff in 1988 advanced VfL to the Oberliga Nord (III) where they were an unremarkable lower-tier side through their first four seasons of play. In 1993, they claimed the division title and took part in the promotion round for the 2. Bundesliga but fared poorly.
The team remained competitive through the mid-90s in what was now the Regionalliga Nord (III), before being renamed VfL Hasetal Herzlake in 1997. They spent two more seasons in the Regionalliga before finishing in the relegation zone at the end of the 1998–99 season. The poor financial condition of the club drove them all the way down to the Kreisliga Emsland (VIII) and they resumed the name VfL Herzlake. They slipped further still, to the Kreisklasse Weser/Ems (IX) in 2000, and recovered briefly to play in the Kreisliga and Bezirksliga before being relegated to the Kreisliga again in 2013, where they play today.

## Honours

The club's honours:
* Verbandsliga Niedersachsen (IV)
** Champions: 1985, 1987, 1988
* Oberliga Nord (III)
** Champions: 1993
# VfL Köln 99

VfL Köln was a German association football club from the city of Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club was formed out of the pre-war merger of Kölner Club für Rasenspiele and Kölner Sport-Club 1899, through which it lays claim to being the city's oldest football club.

## History

Following the union of the two clubs, VfL took up the place of predecessor SC in the Gauliga Mittelrhein, one of sixteen top flight divisions formed in the re-organization of German football under the Third Reich in 1933. The club was moderately successful there, capturing the division title in 1941 before moving on to take part in the national playoff rounds. They were eliminated in a semi-final match by eventual vice-champions Schalke 04 (4–1) and lost the subsequent third place match to Dresdner SC by the same score.
As World War II progressed it forced German football competition to become more local in character and the Gauliga Mittelrhein was broken up. VfL became part of the Gauliga Köln-Aachen and won its second consecutive title there. They were put out of national level competition when they lost a quarterfinal contest to Kickers Offenbach (3–1). The team made appearances in 1939, 1941, and 1942 in early round play for the Tschammerpokal, predecessor to today's DFB-Pokal (German Cup).
In 1943, the club became part of the wartime side Kriegspielgemeinshaft VfL 99/Sülz 07 Köln in partnership with SpVgg Sülz 07. The combined side repeated as Gauliga Köln-Aachen champions and were again eliminated in a national quarterfinal, this time by KSG Spielverein/48-99 Duisburg (0–2).
VfL resumed play as an independent side following the war, and after a season in the Bezirksliga Rheinbezirk, joined the 2. Oberliga West (II) for the 1950–51 season. The following year the first team side of SC West Köln became part of VfL, which then played a single season as Spielgemeinschaft SC Köln 99 before readopting its original name. The side took up play in the Amateurliga Mittelrhein (III) where they earned mid-to-lower table results.
After the formation of the Bundesliga and new second division Regionalliga in 1963, the Amateurliga became a third-tier competition below those leagues, where the VfL continued to earn indifferent results. A fifteenth-place finish in 1980 dropped the club to lower level local competition. The team played in the Kreisliga A Köln, where it finished second in the 2007–08 season. In 2009 it was sent down to Kreisliga B2 and the next year was sent down again to C4. The VfL ended at ninth place in its final season before it merged with FSV Köln-Nord 1991 to form 1. FSV Köln 1899 in July 2013.

## Honours

as VfL Köln
* Gauliga Mittelrhein (I) champions: 1941
* Gauliga Köln-Aachen (I) champions: 1942
as KSG VfL 99/Sülz 07 Köln
* Gauliga Köln-Aachen (I) champions: 1943

## Notable players

* Alfons Moog, 7 caps 1939–40
* Willi Bars
# Rancho Las Cruces Airstrip

Rancho Las Cruces Airstrip or Club Las Cruces Airstrip (IATA: N/A) is the private-use dirt airstrip at "Rancho Las Cruces" Resort, located in Las Cruces, Municipality of La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, an isolated resort located just on the Gulf of California coast. Interested parties may land for lunch and tour the resort. The hotel has recently decided to accept new members.
# Randheer

Randeer Morr, also known as Mandi Akbar Abad, is a village in Sialkot District, in central Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at an altitude of 220 metres. The village is 35 kilometers from Gujrat and 20 kilometers from Sialkot. Sialkot Motorway is 10km from the village.
* This article about a location in Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Victim of Geography

Victim Of Geography is a 1993 collection of Billy Bragg's previous albums Talking with the Taxman about Poetry and Workers Playtime, originally released in 1986 and 1988 respectively.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Billy Bragg, except where noted
* "Greetings to the New Brunette" – 3:29
* "Train Train" (Zenon DeFleur) – 2:11
* "The Marriage" – 2:30
* "Ideology" – 3:27
* "Levi Stubbs' Tears" – 3:28
* "Honey, I'm a Big Boy Now" – 4:05
* "There Is Power in a Union" (Bragg, Traditional) – 2:47
* "Help Save the Youth of America" – 2:45
* "Wishing the Days Away" – 2:28
* "The Passion" – 2:52
* "The Warmest Room" – 3:55
* "The Home Front" – 4:09
* "She's Got A New Spell" – 3:24
* "Must I Paint You A Picture" – 5:31
* "Tender Comrade" – 2:49
* "The Price I Pay" – 3:33
* "Little Time Bomb" – 2:17
* "Rotting On Remand" – 3:37
* "Valentine's Day Is Over" – 4:53
* "Life With The Lions" – 3:06
* "The Only One" – 3:25
* "The Short Answer" – 4:58
* "Waiting For The Great Leap Forwards" – 4:34

## Footnotes

* ↑ This track does not appear on all versions of this compilation.
# Vicq-sur-Mer

Vicq-sur-Mer (French pronunciation:, literally Vicq on Sea) is a commune in the department of Manche, northwestern France.

## Geography

Vicq-sur-Mer is located in the northwestern part of France in the region Normandy.

## History

The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of Cosqueville (the seat), Gouberville, Néville-sur-Mer and Réthoville. The communes of Cosqueville, Gouberville, Néville-sur-Mer and Réthoville become delegated communes. The associated communes of Angoville-en-Saire and Vrasville disappear following the creation of the commune of Vicq-sur-Mer.

## Administration

| Election | Election | Mayor | Party | Occupation |
| | 2016 | Richard Leterrier | SE | Delegate mayor of Cosqueville |
# Vervaecke

Vervaecke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Félicien Vervaecke (1907–1986), Belgian cyclist
* Julien Vervaecke (1899–1940), Belgian road bicycle racer
# Victor Nosov

Viktor Nosov may refer to:
* Viktor Nosov (pilot) (1923–1945), Soviet war hero of World War II
* Viktor Nosov (footballer) (1940–2008), Ukrainian Soviet footballer and coach
# Rassie

Rassie is a nickname for:
* Rassie Erasmus (born 1972), South African rugby union coach and former player
* Rassie Pieterse (born 1983), South African field hockey goalkeeper
* Rassie van der Dussen (born 1989), South African cricketer
* Rassie Jansen van Vuuren (born 1985), South African rugby union player
# Rasos de Peguera

Rasos de Peguera is a former ski resort located near Berga, in Catalonia (Spain). Rasos de Peguera was one of the first places where skiing was practiced in Catalonia and was once the closest ski resort to Barcelona. The alpine ski resort opened in 1975 and closed in 2004 due to lack of reliable snow, although attempts have since been underway to reopen it.