OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Velocity overshoot

Velocity overshoot is a physical effect resulting in transit times for charge carriers between terminals that are smaller than the time required for emission of an optical phonon. The velocity therefore exceeds the saturation velocity up to three times, which leads to faster field-effect transistor or bipolar transistor switching. The effect is noticeable in the ordinary field-effect transistor for the gates shorter than 100 nm.

## Ballistic collection transistor

The device intentionally designed to benefit from the velocity overshoot is called ballistic collection transistor (not to be mistaken with the ballistic deflection transistor).
# Vernon Township, Illinois

Vernon Township is a township in Lake County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 67,095. The name "Vernon Township" comes from George Washington's estate, Mount Vernon.

## Geography

Vernon Township covers an area of 36.2 square miles (93.8 km$^2$); of this, 0.42 square miles (1.1 km$^2$) or 1.14 percent is water. The stream of Indian Creek runs through this township. All communities within the township are North Central suburbs of Chicago.

### Cities and towns

* Arlington Heights (northern edge of municipality)
* Bannockburn (western edge of municipality)
* Buffalo Grove (north three-quarters of Village)
* Indian Creek
* Lake Forest (west edge of Village)
* Lincolnshire (vast majority)
* Long Grove (east half)
* Mettawa (south half)
* Mundelein (southeast edge)
* Riverwoods (west three-quarters)
* Vernon Hills (south half)
* Wheeling (north edge)

### Unincorporated towns

* Half Day
* Prairie View

### Adjacent townships

* Libertyville Township (north)
* Shields Township (northeast)
* West Deerfield Township (east)
* Northfield Township, Cook County (southeast)
* Wheeling Township, Cook County (south)
* Palatine Township, Cook County (southwest)
* Ela Township (west)
* Fremont Township (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains eight cemeteries: Diamond Lake, Gridley, Knopf, Long Grove, Lutheran, Vernon, Willow Lawn and Zion City.

### Major highways

* Interstate 94
* U.S. Route 45
* Illinois State Route 21
* Illinois State Route 22
* Illinois State Route 53
* Illinois State Route 60
* Illinois State Route 83

### Airports and landing strips

* Chicagoland Airport (historical)
# Veronica fruticans

Veronica fruticans, the rock speedwell (a name it shares with other members of its genus) or woodystem speedwell (a common name that is hardly in common use), is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae. It is native to nearly all countries in Europe, including the Faroe Islands and Iceland, and Greenland (which is floristically part of North America). It grows either in mountains in the south, or at lower elevations in colder areas in the north of its range. It is the official flower of Bardu Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It has been occasionally cultivated in rock and alpine gardens as a ground cover.
# Victor (symbol)

The victor symbol (Spanish: víctor or vítor) is an emblem that is painted on the walls of some Spanish and Latin American universities to commemorate students who have received the degree of doctorate. The custom dates back to the 14th century, and the symbol has historically been used at older universities in the Spanish-speaking world, such as the University of Salamanca, the University of Alcalá, and the University of Seville in Spain, as well as the National University of San Marcos in Lima, Peru. According to the custom, when a student receives the doctorate, the victor symbol is painted on the walls of the university in red or black paint along with the student's name.
At the end of the Spanish Civil War, the victor sign was appropriated by the nationalists as a symbol of their victory in the war, and it came to be used as a personal emblem for the dictator Francisco Franco. Despite its former use by Franco, it is still used in its original sense at several universities.
The victor symbol takes the shape of the letters V, I, C, T, O, and R arranged in a monogram that varies from symbol to symbol. In some cases, the letter C is omitted. Usually, the name of the student is painted alongside the symbol. The symbol is sometimes used to commemorate a notable person that visited the university or has some special connection with the university.
# Vettukadu

Vettukadu is a village in Senthamangalam taluk of Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Vettukadu had a total population of 2108 with 1027 males and 1081 females. Out of the total population 893 people were literate.
# Victor, South Dakota

Victor is an unincorporated community in Roberts County, in the U.S. state of South Dakota.

## History

Victor was laid out in 1913, and named after Victor Township, in which it is located. A post office called Victor was established in 1913 and remained in operation until 1955.
# Verner Motor

Verner Motor is a Czech aircraft engine manufacturer based in Vikýřovice. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of piston engines for homebuilt and ultralight aircraft.
The company's first engine was the horizontally-opposed Verner 1400, which was developed into the 84 hp (63 kW) Verner VM 133. The 35 hp (26 kW) Verner JCV 360 was also part of the product line until about 2013 when the company ended production of its horizontally-opposed engines to concentrate on the producing radial engines, starting with the Verner Scarlett 7H seven cylinder, four stroke radial, aimed at the antique and replica market.
# Verner Nerep

Verner Nerep (25 October 1895 Sargvere Parish, Järva County – 25 August 1959 Stockholm) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the Estonian Constituent Assembly from 7 September 1920 until its dissolution in December of that year, filling a position after Johan Epner's resignation.
# Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metre breaststroke SB12

The men's 100m breaststroke SB12 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 8 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results
### Heats

Competed from 10:28.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Sergei Punko | Belarus | 1:12.18 | Q |
| 2 | Sergii Klippert | Ukraine | 1:12.65 | Q |
| 3 | Israel Oliver | Spain | 1:14.45 | Q |
| 4 | Daniel Llambrich | Spain | 1:15.13 | Q |
| 5 | Kitipong Sriboonrueng | Thailand | 1:18.56 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Maksym Veraksa | Ukraine | 1:08.55 | Q, WR |
| 2 | Robert Musiorski | Poland | 1:14.79 | Q |
| 3 | Enrique Floriano | Spain | 1:14.97 | Q |
| 4 | Yury Rudzenok | Belarus | 1:15.45 | Q |
| 5 | Jeremy McClure | Australia | 1:19.96 | |
| 6 | Pedro Gonzalez | Venezuela | 1:25.96 | |

### Final

Competed at 19:29.
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Maksym Veraksa | Ukraine | 1:07.46 | WR |
| | Sergei Punko | Belarus | 1:09.71 | |
| | Sergii Klippert | Ukraine | 1:09.83 | |
| 4 | Enrique Floriano | Spain | 1:12.27 | |
| 5 | Israel Oliver | Spain | 1:13.31 | |
| 6 | Yury Rudzenok | Belarus | 1:15.23 | |
| 7 | Robert Musiorski | Poland | 1:15.39 | |
| | Daniel Llambrich | Spain | | DQ |
Q = qualified for final. WR = World Record. DQ = Disqualified.
# Robert Philibosian

Robert Harry Philibosian (September 29, 1940 – November 13, 2023) was an American politician. He was appointed Los Angeles County District Attorney in 1981 when his predecessor John Van de Kamp was elected Attorney General of California. Philibosian served as district attorney until 1984 when he was defeated in countywide election by Ira Reiner. He received his B.A. degree in history from Stanford University and his J.D. degree from Southwestern Law School, and was admitted to the California State Bar in 1968.
Philibosian is best known as the presiding District Attorney during the infamous McMartin preschool trial. One of the other prosecutors, Glenn Stevens, left the case in protest that other prosecutors had withheld evidence from the defense. Stevens accused Robert Philibosian, the deputy district attorney on the case, of lying and withholding evidence from the court and defense lawyers in order to keep the Buckeys in jail and prevent access to exonerating evidence. Philobosian was running a losing race to be re-elected at the time. Following his political career, he was Of counsel at the law firm of Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton.
Philibosian died on November 13, 2023, at the age of 83.
# On Dearborn Street

On Dearborn Street is a novel by Australian author Miles Franklin, unpublished in her lifetime and first published in 1981.

## Synopsis

The book follows the life of Sybyl Penelo, an editor and businesswoman from Chicago who is determined to avoid marriage. After her wealthy love interest, Bobby Hoyne dies in a car race, she grows close to the older business man Mr. Cavarley and they become engaged.

## Reception and themes

Two critics noted Sybyl's resemblance to Franklin. It was noted for its feminist themes but the use of American English vernacular and the overarching plot was criticized. It has been described as a "New Woman" novel by Professor Janet Lee.
# WPRZ

WPRZ may refer to:
* WPRZ-FM, a radio station (88.1 FM) licensed to Brandy Station, Virginia, United States.
* WKYF, a radio station (92.1 FM) licensed to Fredonia, Kentucky, United States, which was known as WPRZ-FM from 2008 to 2010.
* WRCW, a radio station (1250 AM) licensed to Warrenton, Virginia, United States, which was known as WPRZ from 1982 to 2007.
* WKTA, a radio station (1330 AM) licensed to Evanston, Illinois, United States, which was known as WPRZ from 1979 to 1981.
# Schachen bei Vorau

Schachen bei Vorau is a former municipality in the district of Hartberg-Fürstenfeld in Styria, Austria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Vorau.
# The Width of Waters

The Width of Waters is a novel by the American writer Alfred Kern.
The story is set in 1953 in Buchanan, Pennsylvania (a fictionalized Meadville, north of Pittsburgh). The town is celebrating its sesquicentennial and Jack Gaitz, a young public relations man, is in charge of the festivities, all in the shadow of the Korean War as well as that of the Wolfe family, owners of the textile mill that is Buchanan's sole industry.
# Theo Zwierski

Theo Zwierski (1911–1989) was a German art director who designed the sets on a number of West German films and television productions.

## Selected filmography

* Uncle Kruger (1941)
* After the Rain Comes Sunshine (1949)
* The Girl from the South Seas (1950)
* Das gestohlene Jahr (1951)
* Falschmünzer am Werk (1951)
* Salto Mortale (1953)
* Man on a Tightrope (1953)
* Carnival Story (1954)
* Ten on Every Finger (1954)
* The Phantom of the Big Tent (1954)
* Operation Edelweiss (1954)
* Night People (1954)
* Circus of Love (1954)
* Love's Carnival (1955)
* Von der Liebe besiegt (1956)
* The Legs of Dolores (1957)
* Mein ganzes Herz ist voll Musik (1959)
# The York Realist

The York Realist is a 2001 play by Peter Gill. It was premiered at the Lowry in November 2001 before moving to the Bristol Old Vic and the Royal Court Theatre in January 2002 by English Touring Theatre, with Gill himself directing. It transferred to the Strand Theatre in March 2002.

## Plot

It is set in the early 1960s and revolves around George (a Yorkshire farm labourer involved in a production of the York Mystery Plays who withdraws from the production), John (the production's shy assistant director who tries to convince him to come back), the love affair between them, and the clash between regional and London culture.

## Reception

Reviews of the original production ranged from "a rare blast of reality" (the Guardian) to a "stunningly boring slab of dour social realism" (the Telegraph).
The play was nominated for Best New Play at the Olivier Awards and Evening Standard Theatre Awards and won the Critics Circle Award for Best New Play.

## Original cast

* George - Lloyd Owen
* John - Richard Coyle
* George and Barbara's Mother - Anne Reid
* Barbara - Caroline O'Neill
* Arthur - Ian Mercer
* Doreen - Wendy Nottingham
* Jack - Felix Bell

### Creative Team

* Director - Peter Gill
* Designer - William Dudley
* Lighting Designer - Hartley T A Kemp
* Composer - Terry Davies
* Assistant Director - Josie Rourke
* Dialect Coach - Jeanette Nelson

## Revivals

The play was revived in October 2009 at Riverside Studios by Good Night Out Presents. The production received positive reviews, with Michael Billington describing the production as "lovingly revived by Adam Spreadbury-Maher" (the Guardian). The production was seen as particularly fitting given that Gill founded the Riverside Studios in 1975, and that this would be the first Gill production at the theatre for 30 years. The play was revived in September 2009 at the Riverside Studios by the company Good Night Out Presents, to mark Gill's 70th birthday. It was revived again in February 2018 at the Donmar Warehouse.
| Role |
| Role | Oct 2009 Riverside Studios | Feb 2018 Donmar Warehouse |
| George | Stephen Hagan | Ben Batt |
| John | Matthew Burton | Jonathan Bailey |
| George and Barbara's Mother | Stephanie Fayerman | Lesley Nicol |
| Barbara | Fiona Gordon | Lucy Black |
| Arthur | Sam Hazeldine | Matthew Wilson |
| Doreen | Sarah Waddell | Katie West |
| Jack | Jack Blumeneau | Brian Fletcher |

### Riverside Studios Creative Team

* Director - Adam Spreadbury-Maher
* Designer - Kate Guinness
* Costume Designer - Mia Thomson
* Lighting Designer - Steve Lowe

### Donmar Warehouse Creative Team

* Director - Robert Hastie
* Set and Costume Designer - Peter McKintosh
* Lighting Designer - Paul Pyant
* Sound Designer - Emma Laxton
* Composer - Richard Taylor
# The York Commonwealth

The York Commonwealth, also known as the York Herald from 1859, was a weekly newspaper published in York, Toronto, Ontario from June 12, 1857 to 1890.

## History
### 1850s

The York Ridings Gazette and Richmond Hill Advertiser published its first edition in 1857 with William Trudgeon as manager and editor. He proclaimed the paper's mission with this quote in its opening pages.
   "With or without offence to friends or foes / We sketch the world just as it goes."
A prospectus stated his paper's politics would be "eminently and emphatically British in their Conservatism". He was known in the area as the leader of Turgeon's Masonic Band and President of the Yonge Street Agricultural Society in 1849. He died in Stouffville, July 11, 1899.
Local economic and political issues forced the paper to adopt changes in its title, ownership and a political shift to a Liberal viewpoint over the first two years. By December 1858, the ownership is listed as Alexander Scott. On March 25, 1859, new editor and proprietor Captain Malcolm McLeod laid out his prospectus, followed by a change in title on April 8 to the York Herald. MacLeod would not last though, after tangling with Theodore Walworth, local doctor & politician John Duncumb over libel and slander. The previous February 12, Walworth had given a lecture on his time spent in Crimea as an Assistant Surgeon with the second Battalion of the Rifle Brigade. In the following week's issue, local long-serving Postmaster Matthew Keefy wrote in to dispute Walworth's military service against the published records of the War Office, having served in the areas mentioned by Walworth. By May, a Captain L. W. Millies of the same Battalion had written letter labelling Walworth a deserter. This was followed by a burning in effigy of the editor through the street, at which Trudgeon's Brass Band played unknowingly. MacLeod disposed of his interest in the paper in a letter dated June 10.

### 1860s

The publisher Alexander Scott, who hosted the Richmond Hill Library Association's book collection in the Herald’s offices in 1871, and was their Chief Librarian from 1862-1865. The paper suspended publication in 1863 until 1865, starting back up under Scott. This was due to, according to local historian William Harrison, "the editor got sulky", while the job printing plant continued on until the paper resurfaced in 1865. Scott continued publishing the paper for another decade, relinquishing his position on June 1 of 1867.

### 1870s

Up to the incorporation of Richmond Hill in 1873, the paper touted the concept with such benefits as, “no loose planks to trip up the unwary; no pigs, geese or other nuisances would be allowed on the streets.” The paper had a heavy focus on foreign news, agricultural advice, and front page literature. In 1876, Scott is joined by M. H. "Joe" Keefler, a member of the Masonic order, who becomes the sole proprietor in time.

### 1890s

The paper ceased publication in 1890, the final issue featured a large sale to clear out the offices, everything from Fancy Goods to Chinese Garden Powder. It relocated to Weston from its Yonge Street offices and became the Weston York Times.
# The Wreck of the Mary Deare

The Wreck of the Mary Deare (in the UK published as The Mary Deare) is a 1956 novel written by British author Hammond Innes, which was later adapted as a film starring Gary Cooper released in 1959 by MGM. According to Jack Adrian, the book "at a stroke launched him into that rarefied empyrean most writers yearn for though few attain, supersellerdom."
The success of the book - and the 1959 film based on it starring Gary Cooper - enabled Innes to buy his own 42 ft ocean racer, which he named Mary Deare.

## Plot

The book tells the story of a very old ship described as "a deathtrap of rattling rivets", which is found adrift at sea by salvager John Sands. Sands boards it hoping to claim it for salvage, but finds the first officer, Gideon Patch, still aboard and trying to run the ship on his own. Patch convinces Sands to help him beach the ship, even though it will void his salvage claim. When they return to London, Patch is brought before a board of inquiry to determine what happened. It soon becomes apparent that the shipowners were planning to wreck the Mary Deare all along and have Patch as the fall guy.
# The Wreck of the Nancy Lee

"The Wreck of the Nancy Lee" (1931) is a comic song, words and music by Arthur Le Clerq. Sheet music published in London in 1932 billed it as "He Played his Ukulele as the Ship Went Down: a comedy foxtrot". It has been recorded by Clinton Ford, Fred And Leslie Gilbert (Comedians), and in March 1932 by Leslie Holmes and by Leslie Sarony.
The chorus is as follows:
    'All the crew was in despair,
    Some rushed here and others rushed there,
    But the Captain sat in the Captain's chair,
    And he played his ukulele as the ship went down.'
# The Wright Stuff (film)

The Wright Stuff is a 1996 television documentary film about Orville and Wilbur Wright, the brothers who invented the first successful motor-powered airplane. Produced by PBS for The American Experience (now simply American Experience) documentary program, it recounts the lives of the Wright brothers from their early childhood in Ohio with dreams of flight to their subsequent fame after their successful 1908 demonstration in France. The film was written, produced, and directed by Nancy Porter, narrated by Garrison Keillor, and hosted by David McCullough, and was first aired on PBS in the United States on February 12, 1996.
McCullough himself would later become interested in the brothers' story, writing his own book about the Wright family in 2015.

## Interviewees

* Joseph Corn, historian
* Tom Crouch, National Air and Space Museum
* John Gillikin, national park service
* Peter Jakab, National Air and Space Museum
* Ivonette Wright-Miller, niece
* Robert Wohl, historian
* Wilkinson Wright, grand-nephew

## Release

"The Wright Stuff" originally aired on PBS as part of The American Experience documentary program on February 12, 1996.
For home media, the film was first released on VHS in 1996. Later, it was released on DVD in North America on August 5, 2003.
# Theresia of Dietrichstein

Theresia of Dietrichstein (Maria Theresia Johanna Nepomucena Josepha Juliana; 11 August 1768 – 16 September 1822), was a German noblewoman; a member of the House of Dietrichstein and by her two marriages member of the House of Kinsky and member of the House of Mervedlt.

## Early life

She was the fourth child and second (but eldest and only surviving) daughter of Karl Johann Baptist, 7th Prince of Dietrichstein and his wife, Countess Maria Christina of Thun und Hohenstein, a daughter of Jan Josef František Antonín, Count of Thun und Hohenstein (1711-1788) and Princess Christine of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1715-1749).

## Biography

A woman of extraordinary beauty (she was nicknamed la celeste Therese), Emperor Joseph II became madly in love with her; in order to save her reputation and the position of the Dietrichstein family at court, when the Emperor was away in the Austro-Turkish War, was arranged her marriage with the Imperial Kammerherrn and General Count Philipp Joseph Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau (1741-1827). The wedding took place in the Imperial court at Vienna on 27 August 1787: however, the union was extremely unhappy and the groom abandoned Theresia almost immediately after. The formal separation was pronounced in 1788, but neither spouse was freed to remarry because according to the Catholic precepts they still bonded to each other.
Since 1798, Theresia became close to Maximilian, Count of Merveldt, General of Cavalry and ambassador in the Russian and English courts. Because he was a Teutonic Knight, he was unable to marry her until 1807, when Maximilian finally obtained the release of this vows; however, Theresia was still forbidden to remarry until Rome dissolved her marriage. After she declared that she had been forced to marry Count Kinsky and in a "letargic" state her maternal uncle Leopold Leonhard of Thun-Hohenstein, Bishop of Passau (who officiated at the ceremony) heard her almost imperceptible "I do", Maria Theresia was finally able to marry the Count of Merveldt.
Theresia and Maximilian of Merveldt married on 16 February 1807 in St. Petersburg, where the groom was the Imperial ambassador at that time. In jewelry and diamonds as gifts to his wife Maximillian is said to have spent more than 150,000 guilders.
After only eight years of marriage, Maximilian of Merveldt died in 1815. Theresia never remarried and died eight years later, aged 54.
# Theeßen

Theeßen is a former municipality in the Jerichower Land district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. On 19 January 2008, it was incorporated into the town Möckern.
* This Jerichower Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Theodor Berge

Theodor Berge (April 5, 1869 – April 9, 1946) was a Norwegian actor and theater director.
From around 1900 onward, Berge was mainly associated with the Central Theater, where he played in and directed many comedies and plays. Among his most significant roles were Pastor Manders in Ghosts and Helmer in A Doll's House. As a director, he made a name for himself in his production of Little Eyolf in 1929. At the end of his career, he appeared in Norwegian films such as Den store barnedåpen (1931; Norway's first sound film), Vi som går kjøkkenveien (1933), and Trysil-Knut (1942).

## Filmography

* 1931: Den store barnedåpen as the parish priest
* 1933: Vi som går kjøkkenveien as Breder
* 1942: Trysil-Knut as the judge
# Theodor Berkelmann

Theodor Berkelmann (17 April 1894 – 28 December 1943) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era who served as the Higher SS and Police Leader in Saarland and Moselle during World War II.

## Biography

Theodor Berkelmann was born in Le Ban-Saint-Martin near Metz, in Alsace-Lorraine, which was then part of Germany. During the First World War, he served in the German Army. Berkelmann served as a soldier, before being promoted to officer. He was awarded the Iron Cross Ist class.
By 1936, Berkelmann was promoted to SS-Gruppenführer. At the beginning of the Second World War, Berkelmann was appointed Higher SS and Police Leader in Saarland and Moselle. In 1942, he was promoted to the grade of "SS-Obergruppenführer". Berkelmann died of a brain tumor in Poznań, in 1943.