OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Villa Arconati, Bollate

The Villa Arconati, also known as the Castellazzo Degli Arconati, is a rural palace and gardens, located in the district of Castellazo of the town of Bollate, northwest of Milan, Italy. Built-in a grand Baroque style over the 17th and 18th centuries, it now functions as a museum and host for events and meetings.

## History

A Castellazzo or castle was acquired in 1610 by Galeazzo Arconati, cousin of Cardinal Federico Borromeo. Galeazzo was a patron of the arts and served as the rector of the Fabbrica del Duomo of Milan. Under Galeazzo's ownership, the castle-palace on the site was reconstructed and refurbished. It was also Galeazzo who, during the year 1621 brought to the structure his collection of ancient Roman sculpture, including a standing statue said to be Pompey the Great, but also the remaining fragments of the Renaissance style Funereal Monument of Gaston of Foix, Duke of Nemours (died 1512) by Agostino Busi. Galeazzo was also at the one-time owner of the Codex Atlanticus of Leonardo da Vinci.
The gardens were restructured in 1621. Construction on the site continued after 1648 under grandson's leadership, the Count Luigi Maria Arconati, and in 1671 under his great-grandson Giuseppe Maria Arconati. In 1718, Giuseppe Antonio Arconati, grandson of Giuseppe Maria, and remembered also for his patronage of Carlo Goldoni, inherits the palace. In 1742, the architect Giovanni Ruggeri was employed in embellishments and expansions. The Galliari brothers: Bernardino, Fabrizio, and Giovanni Antonio, were employed in the fresco decoration of the interior of the Villa.
After 1772, the palace passed on to the Busca family, who commissioned further works, including the trompe l'oeil frescoes in the entrance stairwell, attributed to Giocondo Albertolli. During the 20th century, the villa was inherited by the Marchesa Beatrice Crivelli. Many of the removable items inside the villa were auctioned in 1989. The società Palladium and others have recently purchased the Villa and since 2011 hosts the Fondazione Augusto Rancilio, which seeks to maintain and restore the site, and foster its use. The Villa is also now part of a network of Ville Gentilizie Lombarde, a project of the Region of Lombardy, supported by the Fondazione Cariplo. The Ville Gentilizie Lombarde sponsors a project integrated project both in terms of the strategies of recovery and management of this heritage, and its use by the public through guided visits, educational programs, and events.
The gardens, whose 18th-century layout was documented by the engraver Marc'Antonio dal Re, are also under restoration.
# Vilanova del Vallès

Vilanova del Vallès (Catalan pronunciation:) is a village in the province of Barcelona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 15.2 square kilometres (5.9 sq mi) and the population in 2014 was 5,250.
# Vilhelm Lundstrøm

Vilhelm Lundstrøm (26 May 1893 – 9 May 1950) was a Danish modernist painter. He was a central figure in early Danish experimental art and introduced French cubism to Denmark.

## Biography

Vilhelm Henry Lundstrøm was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was educated at the Royal Danish Academy of Art where he studied under Rostrup Böyesen. He made his debut in 1918 at the Artists' Autumn Exhibition at Den Frie Udstilling in Copenhagen and participated in the exhibition Modern Art in the Art Pavilion in Aarhus.
Lundstrøm spent an extended period in France in the 1920s where he was influenced by Braque, Picasso and Cézanne. Together with fellow artists Karl Larsen, Axel Salto and Svend Johansen, Lundstrøm settled in Bormes near Cannes and established the artistic group De Fire. He resided at Cagnes-sur-Mer (1923-32), during which period he painted his Portrait of Tusnelda Sanders (1928), currently in Oslo at the National Museum. www.tusneldasanders.com From 1932, Lundstrøm had a permanent residence in Copenhagen.
Lundstrøm was an illustrator at the journal Klingen from the beginning of 1919 to the end of 1920. In 1937 he became a member of the Academy Council and was appointed professor at the Royal Danish Academy of Art in 1944.
He is remembered for his geometric still lifes with oranges, his cubistic scenes with nudes and his paintings of bottles, flasks and jugs. His style was characterised by clear, bright lines and few colours. In his later years, Lundstrøm adapted his style to looser modern art with contrasts in colors and form.
Vilhelm Lundstrøm died at Copenhagen and was buried at Sundby Cemetery.
# Villa Pigneto del Marchese Sacchetti

The Villa Pigneto or Sacchetti, or also the Casino al Pigneto del Marchese Sacchetti was a villa in Rome, Italy, designed by the Baroque artist Pietro da Cortona. A second, plainer, Villa Sacchetti, now called Villa Chigi, is found at Castelfusano near Ostia and also was decorated (if not designed) by Cortona.
The Roman villa was an elaborately decorated suburban casino or (lodge), that stood only for some decades after completion in 1630, just at the then-outskirts of Rome (now Pigneto Sacchetti train stop) at the foot of Monte Mario. From the top rampart of the garden entrance, one should have been able to glimpse above the surrounding pine forest (pigneto) the domes of St Peter's Basilica and central Rome.
As the name casino implies, this was a "pleasure house", a lodge where notables could take refuge from the crowded Rome. The villa suburbana was commissioned by the Florentine Marchese Marcello Sacchetti [it], papal treasurer of the profligate Barberini Pope Urban VIII. Other members of this family benefited for a few decades from association with the pope, including his brother Giulio, named cardinal, and another brother, named general of papal armies. Cortona, a fellow Tuscan, designed the villa for his long-time patron.
We can only reconstruct the villa from etchings, paintings, plans, and scant architectural ruins left, although the findings generally agree. The effort was the fruit of one of Cortona's first architectural designs. The house was built on a high plinth on a hillside. The favored garden approach had three tiers, not unlike Vignola's Villa Giulia from the previous century; daring symmetric flights of stairs gave drama to the entrance and flanked a large basin-fountain with cascading waters and a nymphaeum. Atop a three-story pavilion with lower forward-thrusting wings. The concave forward embrace of the wings is reinforced by the central exedra, which recalls the Cortile del Belvedere (Cortile della Pigna) in the Vatican. Unlike the Villa Giulia and the Belvedere, the facade is elaborately decorated. Statuary, in a style reminiscent of Palladio's Palazzo Chiericati (1550) at Vicenza, crenelates the skyline. In a model to be repeated by Cortona's never-implemented plans for Palazzo Chigi in Rome and later by the Trevi Fountain, this palace integrates the fountains into the entrance.
Within 50 years, the Sacchettis and Barberini fell out of favor, the palace fell in great disrepair, and soon became a ruin. The villa also had its contemporary critics; Bernini likened the structure to a "Christmas crib" (Presepio) In the middle of the 19th century, the site was sold by the surviving Sacchettis, and the remaining structure razed. It was, for its day a daring design, which influenced other baroque creations. Today, the area is a park (Pineto).

## Sources

* Connors, Joseph (1998). "Pietro da Cortona 1597-1669". The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 57 (3). Society of Architectural Historians: 318–321. doi:10.2307/991350. JSTOR 991350.
# Villa Piovene

Villa Piovene is a Palladian villa built in Lugo di Vicenza, province of Vicenza, northern Italy. The building was commissioned in the 16th century for the aristocratic Venetian Piovene family, their architect believed to have been Andrea Palladio. It is part of the World Heritage Site "City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto" since 1996.

## History

Villa Piovene was built circa 1539–1540 in competition to and within the immediate vicinity of Villa Godi, which rises only a few hundred metres away. Rivalries have been proven to exist between the Piovene and Godi noble families. The villa was the ambition of Battista Piovene and his son Tommaso Piovene; the latter was probably responsible for commissioning the structure. The Piovene family seemed less interested in matching the size of Villa Godi as they were in the choice of the artisan workshop carrying out the work, that of Giovanni di Giacomo da Porlezza, who also was responsible for the execution of Villa Godi, of the Pedemuro workshop, where Andrea Palladio was employed.
More doubts than certainties surround Palladio's involvement in the execution of the Villa. The building was not included in the Quattro libri dell'architettura (published 1570), although other certainly autograph villas were also excluded (such as the Villa Gazzotti or the Villa Valmarana at Vigardolo). The characteristics of the building itself are most perplexing: the plan is hardly sophisticated, the windows pierce the façade without any particular order, and the pronaos is awkwardly joined to the building block.

## Architecture

The villa is the product of three campaigns of work: documents demonstrate the existence of a manorial house, smaller than the present one and constructed before 1541, which was enlarged at a later stage by the addition of the pronaos bearing the inscribed date 1587: so the loggia that projects in the center—six Ionic columns supporting a triangular gable—may have begun by Palladio circa 1570 and completed after his death. The extension of the mansion and the vertical window rhythms can also be assumed to have taken place within the 1570s in accordance with Palladio's wishes, though not carried out by him.
In the first half of the 18th century, the architect Francesco Muttoni constructed the lateral barchesse (side farm wings), laid out the garden and probably executed the double-ramp stairs which lead to the loggia. The scenographic stair by which one accedes to the villa, however, was realised some years prior together with the handsome gate of 1703.
Today, the villa is seen against a picturesque backdrop of a garden, which was laid out in the 19th century, situated in the plain of the Astico River. In 1996, UNESCO included the building within the World Heritage Site "City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto".
* Floor plan (drawing by Ottavio Bertotti Scamozzi, 1778)
* Main facade (drawing by Ottavio Bertotti Scamozzi, 1778)
# Villa Pisani, Bagnolo

The Villa Pisani is a patrician villa designed by Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio, located in Bagnolo, a hamlet in the comune of Lonigo in the Veneto region of Italy.

## History

The Pisani were a rich family of Venetian nobles who owned several Villa Pisani, two of them designed by Andrea Palladio. The villa at Bagnolo was built in the 1540s and represents Palladio's first villa designed for a patrician family of Venice: his earlier villa commissions were from provincial nobility in the Vicenza area. The villa at Bagnolo was at the centre of an agricultural estate, as were most of the villas commissioned from Palladio. It was designed with rusticated features to complement its rural setting; in contrast, the Villa Pisani at Montagnana in a semi-urban setting usees more refined motifs.
In 1570, Palladio published a version of the villa in his I quattro libri dell'architettura. The executed villa differs noticeably from the design. The deviations may have been in response to certain conditions on the actual site.
An engraved ground plan of 1778 by Ottavio Bertotti Scamozzi, gives a clear idea of the villa as it appeared in the 18th century. There was originally a long barchessa (wing) at the back of the courtyard terminating in dovecotes that kept the villa supplied with squab; this wing was admired by Vasari, but it was demolished in the nineteenth century and replaced by a structure that bears no relation to the Palladian façade it faces.
The interior features a central T-shaped salone with barrel vaulting inspired by Roman baths; it is decorated with frescoes.
In 1996, UNESCO included the villa in the World Heritage Site "City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto".

## Gallery

* The Villa as seen from the embankment of the Guà river
* Rear façade
* GreatHall
* Villa Pisani in I quattro libri dell'architettura (book II), 1570
* Section by Ottavio Bertotti Scamozzi, 1778
# Vilnius Declaration

The Vilnius Declaration was a declaration adopted by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) during the 18th annual session of its parliamentary assembly, that took place in Vilnius from 29 June to 3 July 2009.
The declaration contained 28 resolutions that addressed a number of issues, including "...strengthening of the OSCE, election observation, the food security in the OSCE area, the world financial crisis and the social consequences of that crisis, Iran, Afghanistan, human rights and civil liberties, arms control and disarmament in Europe, labour migration in Central Asia, energy security, climate change, water management, freedom of expression on the Internet, and a moratorium on the death penalty." Its condemnation of totalitarianism and support for the European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism provoked protests by Russia and international media attention.

## Condemnation of totalitarianism

Its resolution on "Europe Reunited: Promoting Human Rights and Civil Liberties in the OSCE Region in the 21st Century" is notable for its condemnation of totalitarianism. The resolution states that "in the twentieth century European countries experienced two major totalitarian regimes, Nazi and Stalinist, which brought about genocide, violations of human rights and freedoms, war crimes and crimes against humanity," urges all OSCE members to take a "united stand against all totalitarian rule from whatever ideological background," condemns "the glorification of the totalitarian regimes, including the holding of public demonstrations glorifying the Nazi or Stalinist past," and expresses support for the European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism, which was proclaimed by the European Parliament in 2008.
The resolution was criticized by Russia, as Joseph Stalin "continues to be a hero to many Russians". The Russian delegation tried but failed to have the resolution withdrawn. Of 213 present delegates from 50 countries, 201 supported the resolution, 8 voted against and 4 abstained.
# Virginia Camealio-Benjamin

Virginia Alice Camealio-Benjamin is a South African politician who has been a Member of the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature since May 2019. She was a councillor of the Kouga Local Municipality before her election to provincial legislature. Camealio-Benjamin is a member of the African National Congress.

## Politics

Camealio-Benjamin is a member of the African National Congress. She served as a councillor of the Kouga Local Municipality. In June 2011, newly elected Kouga mayor Booi Koerat appointed her the member of the mayoral committee for tourism and creative industries. Koerat resigned in 2015 and Daphne Kettledas was elected as his successor. She retained Camealio-Benjamin in her position. She later became chief whip of the ANC caucus.
In the 2016 municipal election, the Democratic Alliance unseated the ANC as the governing party of the municipality. At the inaugural council sitting, the ANC nominated her as their mayoral candidate. She lost to the DA's Elza van Lingen after receiving only 12 votes compared to Van Lingen's 17. Camealio-Benjamin remained ANC chief whip.

## Provincial legislature

Camealio-Benjamin was nominated to the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature after the 8 May 2019 provincial election. She was sworn in on 22 May and the ANC appointed her as a whip. On 3 June, she received her committee assignments.

### Committees

* Cooperative Governance & Traditional Affairs
* Safety and Liaison
* Public Participation, Petitions & Education
* Roads and Transport
# Virtual Processor

Virtual Processor (VP) was a virtual machine from Tao Group.

## History

The first version, VP1, was the basis of its parallel processing multimedia OS and platform, TAOS. VP1 supported a RISC-like instruction set with 16 32-bit registers, and had data types of 32- and 64-bit integers and 32- and 64-bit IEEE floating point numbers in registers, and also supported 8- and 16-bit integers in memory.
The second version, VP2, was released in 1998 as the basis of a new version of the portable multimedia platform, first known as Elate and then as intent. VP2 supported the same data types and data processing operations as VP1, but had additional features for better support of high level languages such as demarcation of subroutines, by-value parameters, and a very large theoretical maximum number of registers local to the subroutine for use as local variables.
The structure of VPCode, the Virtual Processor's machine code, was intended to be able to represent the constructs required when compiling languages such as C, C++ and Java, and to allow efficient translation into the machine code of any real 32- or 64-bit CPU.
# Viru Bog

Viru Bog is a bog in Harju County, Estonia within Lahemaa National Park.
The area of the bog is 235 ha.
Thickness of peat layer is about 6 m.
# Yova

Yova (Russian and Tajik: Ёва) is a village and jamoat in north-west Tajikistan. It is located in Ghafurov District in Sughd Region. The jamoat has a total population of 40,297 (2015).
# Sandor Vago

Sandor Vago (1887–1946) was a Hungarian-American painter.

## Biography

He was born in Hungary. After studying art in Budapest, Hungary, he completed his studies in Munich, Germany. Before World War I, the painter exhibited his artworks in Hungary as well as in other European countries, including Vienna, Austria and Venice, Italy. In 1921 he immigrated to the US and established his workshop in Cleveland, Ohio. There, he became a member of the local Society of Artists. Initially a painter of still lifes and landscapes, Vago became a successful portrait painter after his move to the US, receiving orders from private collectors and public institutions including the City of Cleveland. Vago taught at the Cleveland Institute of Art from 1929 to 1935.
He became a core member of the Cleveland School, a flourishing community started by artists exhibiting and working in the Cleveland area.
Sandor Vago died in 1946.

## Salons

* Cleveland Museum of Art May Show, 1922 to 1947
* Cleveland Society of Artists

## Artworks in public collections

* Portrait of John G. White, 100x130cm, Art collection, The Cleveland Public Library
* Flower still-life, 1924, 66x86cm, oil on canvas, Cleveland Museum of Art
* Self-Portrait, 1937, 93x103cm, oil on canvas, Cleveland Museum of Art
# United States v. Quiver

United States v. Quiver, 241 U.S. 602 (1916), is a case decided by the United States Supreme Court after first appearing in United States District Court for the District of South Dakota. The case argued on February 28, 1916 and decided on June 12, 1916 concerned adultery committed on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota between two enrolled members of the Oglala Sioux Tribe. The district court had held that adultery committed by an Indian with another Indian on an Indian reservation was not punishable under the act of March 3, 1887, c. 397, 24 Stat. 635, now § 316 of the Penal Code. This decision was made because the offense occurred on a Sioux Indian reservation which is not said to be under jurisdiction of the district court. The United States Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the district court saying that the adultery was not punishable as it had occurred between two American Indians on an American Indian reservation.
Justice Willis Van Devanter delivered the opinion of the court:
   This is a prosecution for adultery committed on one of the Sioux Indian Reservations in the state of South Dakota. Both participants in the act were Indians belonging to that reservation. The statute upon which the prosecution is founded was originally adopted as part of the act of March 3, 1887 (chap. 397, 24 Stat. at L. 635), and is now § 316 of the Penal Code [35 Stat. at L. 1149, chap. 321, Comp. Stat. 1913, § 10,489]. The section makes no mention of Indians, and the question for decision is whether it embraces adultery committed by one Indian with another Indian, on an Indian reservation. The district court answered the question in the negative.
   ...counsel for the government invite attention to the letter of the statute, and urge that adultery is not an offense 'by one Indian against the person or property of another Indian,' and therefore is not within the exception in § 2146 of the Revised Statutes (Comp. Stat. 1913, § 4149).
   ...And are they not intended to be in accord with the policy reflected by the legislation of Congress and its administration for many years, that the relations of the Indians among themselves-the conduct of one toward another-is to be controlled by the customs and laws of [241 U.S. 602, 606] the tribe, save when Congress expressly or clearly directs otherwise? In our opinion this is the true view.
# Abbot of Coupar Angus

The Abbot of Coupar Angus (later Commendator of Coupar) was the head of the monastic community and lands of Coupar Angus Abbey, on the boundary between Angus and Gowrie in Scotland. The abbot David Bane (David Bayn) was granted the mitre in 1464. The following are a list of abbots and commendators.

## List of abbots

* Fulk, x1164-1170
* Ralph, 1171-1189
* Adam, 1189-1194
* Arnold, 1194-x1201
* William (I), 1201-1202
* Udard, 1202-1207
* Richard, 1207-1209
* Alexander, 1209-1240
* Gilbert, 1240-1243
* William de Binin, 1243-1258
* William (III), 1258-1283
* Andreas de Buchan, 1284-1296
* Alan, x1300-1315x
* John Orwell, x1325-1341x1356
* Lambert, fl. 1356
* Walter, fl. 1387
* John de Ketnes, x1395-1419
* William de Ledhuys (Ledhouse), 1419-x1428
* Thomas de Furde, x1428-1429
* William de Blare, 1429-1453x1456
* Thomas de Levingstone, 1456-1459
* John de Hudton, 1460-1461
* David Bane, 1461-1479x1483
* John Schanwell, 1479x1483-1506
* Robert Beaton, 1507
* William Turnbull, 1507-1524
** William Stewart, 1511-1512
** Thomas Hay, 1524-1525
** John (Alexander) Spens, 1524-1526 (elect only)
* Donald Campbell 1526-1562/3

## List of commendators

* Leonard Leslie (I), 1563-1602
* George Foullertoun the Younger of Dunune, 1594
* Leonard Leslie (II), 1596-1598
* Andrew Lamb, 1603-1607
* Patrick Stirling, 1607
* James Elphinstone, 1606-1607
# Valle Mosso

Valle Mosso was a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 75 kilometres (47 mi) northeast of Turin, 85 kilometres (53 mi) northwest of Milan and 9 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Biella. As of 31 December 2004 it had a population of 3,965 and an area of 8.9 square kilometres (3.4 sq mi).

## Physical geography

Valle Mosso bordered the following municipalities: Bioglio, Campiglia Cervo, Mosso, Pettinengo, Piedicavallo, Strona, Trivero, Vallanzengo, Valle San Nicolao, Veglio.
As a comune it had the following frazioni: Campore, Crocemosso, Falcero, Frignocca, Gallo, Orcurto, Ormezzano, Piana, Picco, Prelle, Premarcia, Simone, Torello

## History

From 1 January 2019 Valle Mosso was absorbed by the new-born municipality of Valdilana.