OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Praxagoras of Athens

Praxagoras of Athens was a pagan historian in the early 4th century AD.
He was born in Athens and wrote three historical works, which are all lost: a history of the Kings of Athens, a history of Alexander the Great, and a panegyric biography of the emperor Constantine. A few fragments of the biography of Constantine are preserved in the Bibliotheca of Photius (cod. 62).
Dindorf's 1870 Minor Greek Historians Praxagoras' fragments start on page 438.
# Thrikkaipatta

Thrikkaipatta is a village in Wayanad district in the state of Kerala, India Wayanad District is a district in the north-east of Kerala state, India with headquarters at the town of Kalpetta.
The town is home to St. Thomas Orthodox Church part of the Sultan Bathery Diocese of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church.

## History

The district was formed on 1 November 1980 as the 12th district in Kerala by carving out areas from Kozhikode and Kannur districts.
The region was known as Mayakshetra (Maya's land) in the earliest records. Mayakshetra evolved into Mayanad and finally to Wayanad. The Folk etymology of the word says it is a combination of Vayal (paddy field) and Naad (land), making it 'The Land of Paddy Fields'. There are many indigenous tribals in this area.

## Geography

It is set high on the Western Ghats with altitudes ranging from 700 to 2100 m.
It is the least populous district in Kerala.
Unlike all other 13 districts of Kerala, in Wayanad district, there is no town or village named same as the district (i.e., there is no "Wayanad town").
Wayanad is the only district in Kerala that shares border with both the neighboring states Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Wayanad shares border with Kozhikode, Kannur, and Malappuram districts in Kerala; Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu; and Chamarajanagar, Mysore, and Kodagu (Coorg) districts in Karnataka.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Thrikkaipatta (Village) had a population of 10384 with 5210 males and 5174 females.

## Transportation

Thrikkaipattais 70 km by road from Kozhikode railway station and this road includes nine hairpin bends. The nearest major airport is at Calicut. The road to the east connects to Mysore and Bangalore. Night journey is allowed on this sector as it goes through Bandipur national forest. The nearest railway station is Mysore. There are airports at Bangalore and Calicut.
# Xujiadian

Xujiadian (Chinese: 徐家店镇) is a town in Haiyang, Yantai, in eastern Shandong province, China.
# CNDD

CNDD may refer to:
* National Council for the Defense of Democracy, Burundi
* National Council for Democracy and Development, Guinea
* National Council for the Defense of Democracy–Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD)
# Yi Tang (biochemist)

Yi Tang is a biochemist and professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles. His research interests include the discovery, functional characterization, and engineering of natural product biosynthetic enzymes. He was awarded the 2014 Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry.

## Education

Tang attended college at Pennsylvania State University and earned his PhD in Chemistry in 2002 from the California Institute of Technology, where he worked in the lab of Professor David Tirrell.

## Career and research

From 2002 to 2004, Tang pursued postdoctoral studies at the Stanford University in the lab of Professor Chaitan Khosla. In 2004, Tang joined the faculty of the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering the University of California, Los Angeles. His group's research has focused on studying the biosynthesis of natural products from Streptomyces and filamentous fungi as well as engineering enzymes that can be used for the production of pharmaceutical compounds. One demonstration of the latter approach has been his group's development of a biocatalytic approach for making the commonly prescribed lipid-lowering medication simvastatin.
Web of Science lists 254 publications authored by Tang in peer-reviewed scientific journals that have been cited over 10,000 times, leading to an h-index of 58. His lab's three most cited papers have been cited >180 times each.

### Awards and honors

* 2006 – National Science Foundation Career Award
* 2006 – Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering (PECASE)
* 2008 – The Camille Dreyfus Teacher Scholar Award
* 2009 – Sloan Research Fellowship
* 2010 – Society for Industrial Microbiology (SIM) Young Investigator Award
* 2012 – American Chemical Society Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award
* 2012 – National Institute of Health Director’s Pioneer Award (DP1)
* 2014 – Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry
* 2015 – California Institute of Technology Chemical Engineering Robert W. Vaughan Lectureship
# Very Big in America Right Now

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Very Big in America Right Now is an album by Adrian Sherwood issued under the moniker Voice of Authority. It was released in October 1984 by Cherry Red Records and On-U Sound Records. "Knock the House Down" is a remixed version of "Blessed Are Those Who Struggle" from Mark Stewart's 1983 debut album Learning to Cope with Cowardice.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United Kingdom | 1984 | Cherry Red | LP | BRED 62 |
| France | 1984 | On-U Sound | LP | On-U LP 35 |
| Germany | 1988 | Trance | LP | TCLP 4.00609 J |
| United Kingdom | 1991 | Cherry Red | CD | CD BRED 62 |
# Eemsmond

Eemsmond (Dutch pronunciation: ; English: Ems Mouth) is a former municipality with a population of 15,864 in the north of the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. On 1 January 2019 it merged with the municipalities of Bedum, De Marne and Winsum to form the new municipality Het Hogeland.

## History

The municipality of Hefshuizen was established on 1 January 1979 by merging the municipalities of Uithuizen and Uithuizermeeden. On 1 January 1990, the municipalities of Kantens, Usquert, and Warffum were added. On 1 January 1992, the name of the municipality was changed from Hefshuizen to Eemsmond, which means Ems Mouth.

## Geography

Eemsmond is located at 53°24′N 6°40′E﻿ / ﻿53.400°N 6.667°E﻿ / 53.400; 6.667 in the north of the province of Groningen and in the northeast of the Netherlands.
The population centers in the municipality are: Eemshaven, Eppenhuizen, Kantens, Oldenzijl, Oosteinde, Oosternieland, Oudeschip, Roodeschool, Rottum, Startenhuizen, Stitswerd, Uithuizen, Uithuizermeeden, Usquert, Warffum, and Zandeweer.
To the north of Eemsmond is the North Sea. Part of the Wadden Sea, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2009, is located in the municipality, including the sandbank Simonszand and the uninhabited islands Rottumeroog, Rottumerplaat, and Zuiderduintjes. The northernmost point of the Netherlands is located at Rottumerplaat.

## Culture

Eemsmond hosted the start of stage 4 at the 2013 Energiewacht Tour.

## Government

Marijke van Beek of the Labour Party (PvdA) was the last mayor of Eemsmond.

## Transportation

The Sauwerd–Roodeschool railway connects the railway stations Warffum, Usquert, Uithuizen, Uithuizermeeden, and Roodeschool to the Groningen railway station and the rest of the Dutch railway network.

## Notable people

* Willem Surenhuis (c.1664 in Rottum – 1729) a Dutch Christian scholar of Hebrew
* Hendrik Bulthuis (1865 in Warffum – 1945) a Dutch customs official, author and translator of more than thirty works into Esperanto
* Frits Peutz (1896 in Uithuizen – 1974) architect
* Aldert van der Ziel (1910 in Zandeweer – 1991) a Dutch physicist who studied electronic noise processes
* Molly Geertsema (1918–1991) politician and jurist, Mayor of Warffum 1953-1957
* Seth Gaaikema (1939 in Uithuizen – 2014) cabaret artist, writer, and lyricist
* Ede Staal (1941 in Warffum – 1986) a Dutch singer-songwriter, sang mainly in Gronings dialect
# Lewis Williams

Lewis Williams may refer to:
* Lewis Williams (politician) (1782–1842), American politician
* Lewis Williams (boxer), English boxer
* Lewy Williams (Lewis Williams, born 2002), Welsh darts player
* Lewis Williams (real tennis) (born 1994), British real tennis player
* Lewis Williams (rugby union) (born 1987), Welsh rugby union player
* Lewis B. Williams Jr. (1833–1863), Confederate officer during the American Civil War
* Lewis A. Williams (1852-1935), Chicago saloonkeeper and co-creator of Cohasset Punch
# Prebiotic score

A Prebiotic Score, also known as Prebiotic Activity Score, is a term sometimes used to estimate the health effects of prebiotics in humans or animals. The idea is that although prebiotics may have many different effects in the human gut, some of these may be quantified and combined to an overall score. For example, an increase in the populations of bifidobacteria or lactobacilli coincides with a relative increase in prebiotic activity; accordingly, an increase in enteric bacteria strains such as Clostridium perfringens result in a decrease of prebiotic activity. Also, increases and reductions of certain enzymes may be used as factors in a prebiotic score.

## Measure of the prebiotic effect

Measure of the prebiotic effect (MPE) is a quantitative analysis that takes into an account a number of dominant bacterial groups and end products of fermentation such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and substrate assimilation. MPE was developed by Jelena Vulevic in conjunction with Glenn R Gibson and Robert Rastall and sponsored by Novartis Consumer Health

## Quantitative approaches

Several quantitative approaches have been developed to aid in the analysis of prebiotics and their individual and collective activity within the gut microbiome. These approaches are in part used to calculate the Measure of the Prebiotic Effect or (MPE).

### Prebiotic Index (PI)

One of the first quantitative approaches, the Prebiotic index or (PI), is a quantitative tool used to compare the prebiotic effect of dietary oligosaccharides. The Prebiotic Index equation takes into account bifidobacteria (Bif), bacteroides (Bac), lactobacilli (Lac), and clostridia (Clos):
PI = (Bif/Total) - (Bac/Total) + (Lac/Total) - (Clos/Total)

### Rate of assimilation

The rate of assimilation is the measure of the substrate assimilation calculated by measuring the substrate concentration over time:
S$_t$ = substrate concentration after the time interval, $_t$, e.g. in hours; S$_0$ = initial substrate concentration and A$_r$ = rate of substrate assimilation, e.g. per hour, e.g. during the exponential phase of bacterial population growth.
Rate of Assimilation: S$_t$ = S$_0$ - A$_r$t

### Rate of growth

Rate of growth is determined by an equation that is based on the rate of growth for the bacterial populations.
Rate of growth uses the following equation:
ln N$_t$ = ln N$_0$ + μ$_t$

### Adjusted prebiotic index

PIm = μmaxBif + μmaxLac + μmaxEub - μmaxBac - μmaxClos - μmaxEC - μmaxSRB

### Total short-chain fatty acids

TSCFA = A + B + P + L
where A is acetate, B is butyrate, P is propionate and L is lactate

### Ratio of lactate to total short-chain fatty acids

Ratio = dL/dTSCFA

### Measure of the prebiotic effect

MPE = 0.5(X$^2$Y$^2$+Y$^2$Z$^2$+Z$^2$X$^2$)$^{0.5}$
# Thulani Ncube

Thulani Ncube (born 21 September 1977) is a retired Zimbabwean football defender.
# Ya Foy!

Ya Foy! is Sarazino's 2009 release on the independent label Cumbancha. The world music album features Toots Hibbert, of Toots and the Maytals, as well as African singer Revelino. The album features influence from various genres such as reggae, Latin music, hip-hop, and African funk.
# Wapsinonoc Township, Muscatine County, Iowa

Wapsinonoc Township is a township in Muscatine County, Iowa, United States.

## History

Wapsinonoc was first settled in 1836. Wapsinonoc Township is named for Wapsinonoc Creek, a Cedar River tributary that flows through the township. Wapsinonoc is derived from an Indian name meaning "smooth-surfaced and meandering stream".
# T. B. Ekanayake

Thilakarathne Bandara Ekanayake (ටී. බී. ඒකනායක; 28 August 1954 – 6 December 2020) was a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a government minister.
# Vic Berton

Vic Berton (born Victor Cohen; May 7, 1896 – December 26, 1951) was an American jazz drummer.
Berton was born, Victor Cohen, in Chicago, Illinois, United States. His father was a violinist and began his son on string instruments around age five. He was hired as a percussionist at the Alhambra Theater in Milwaukee in 1903 when he was only seven years old. By age 16, he was playing with the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. While serving in World War I he played drums for John Philip Sousa's Navy band.
Early in the 1920s, Berton played in Chicago bands, including those of Art Kahn, Paul Beise, and Arnold Johnson. He led his own ensemble as well, which played at the Merry Gardens club. In 1924, he became the manager of The Wolverines, and occasionally played alongside Bix Beiderbecke in the ensemble. Later in the decade, he played with Roger Wolfe Kahn, Don Voorhees, and Red Nichols, and worked extensively as a session musician. In 1927, he played with Paul Whiteman, and then moved to Los Angeles later that year.
In Los Angeles, Berton played with Abe Lyman and recorded in studios for film soundtracks. He served as director of Paramount Films's music division for a time, and worked in the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. In the 1940s, he worked as a percussionist in the studios for 20th Century Fox. He died in Hollywood from lung cancer.
Berton's brother, Ralph Berton, also became a jazz drummer, in addition to his writings on jazz.
# Gech Su-ye Pain

Gech Su-ye Pain (Persian: گچ سو پايين, also Romanized as Gech Sū-ye Pā’īn; also known as Gechī Sū-ye Pā’īn and Gechī Sū-ye Soflá) is a village in Tamran Rural District, in the Central District of Kalaleh County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 228, in 61 families.
# Gelephu Airport

Gelephu Airport (IATA: GLU, ICAO: VQGP) is located in Samtenling Gewog, about three kilometres (1.9 mi) from Gelephu in Sarpang District, Bhutan. The airport has been constructed on an area spanning over 500 acres (200 ha) and came into regular use in late 2017. It is one of only four airports in Bhutan.

## History

The airport was inaugurated in October 2012, but regular scheduled operations were delayed for five years due to its lack of certification from the Department of Civil Aviation of Bhutan and because of funding issues. The airport was initially planned as an international airport, but the plan was shelved in 2008. In January 2015, The Department of Civil Aviation told Kuensel that the airport had been closed to scheduled flights due to the need to construct a new terminal building and control tower. A spokesperson said it was hoped the new structures would be completed in February 2015, and at that point, "from our side it’ll be [ready to] open to scheduled flights." Despite this, it was reported that Drukair was unaware of the airport's reopening and stated that it would not launch commercial flights once it studied the market conditions to ensure scheduled operations were viable. After a brief period of flights in 2015, which were found to be uneconomic, flights were eventually re-commenced in November 2017 with financial support from the Royal Bhutanese Government.
In 2023, it was announced that a new international airport would be built as part of the proposed Gelephu Special Administrative Region. The existing domestic airport will remain operational.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Drukair | Paro, Trashigang |
# Preactiniidae

Preactiniidae is a family of sea anemones in the order Actiniaria The family contains two species in two monotypic genera.

## List of genera

* genus Dactylanthus
** Dactylanthus antarcticus (Clubb, 1908)
* genus Preactis
** Preactis millardae England in England & Robson, 1984 ("walking anemone")
# Tháp Chàm station

Tháp Chàm station is a railway station on the North–South railway (Reunification Express) line in Vietnam. It serves the city of Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm in Ninh Thuận Province. A branch line to Da Lat once started here.
# Yahya Kanu

Colonel Yahya Kanu (born in Magburaka, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone, died 29 December 1992) Kanu was a loyalist to president Joseph Saidu Momoh. He was first reported by Reuters to have led the coup, but that same day he went onto the BBC's Focus on Africa to deny that role, claiming instead that he was attempting to negotiate with the mutineers. He was imprisoned by Valentine Strasser, who eventually took power in the coup. Kanu was later executed by Valentine Strasser, Solomon Musa, Maada Bio and Idriss Kamara on a beach near Freetown, after being accused of organizing a counter-coup with All People's Congress supporter Bambay Kamara. The pair were at the time interred in the Pademba Road jail in Freetown.
The British-trained Kanu had won a reputation as one of the most dynamic battlefront commanders during the war that broke out when Revolutionary United Front rebels of Foday Sankoh crossed into Sierra Leone in 1991 from part of Liberia under the control of the Liberian rebel leader Charles Taylor. After the rebels approached the eastern Sierra Leone city of Kenema in mid-1991, they were pushed back by Kanu's Cobra battalion with the help of Liberian irregular forces, mostly refugees from Samuel Doe's army, who went on to become a component of ULIMO. The combined force quickly routed the rebels from the towns of Gandorhun and Zimmi before reaching the Mano River Bridge crossing into Liberia. These gains were lost later in the war as control of towns frequently changed hands, something that battlefront soldiers often blamed on a lack of resources from Freetown. This was a major factor contributing to the 1992 coup.
# Joseph Foullon de Doué

Joseph-François Foullon de Doué (25 June 1715 – 22 July 1789) was a French politician and a Controller-General of Finances under Louis XVI. A deeply unpopular figure, he has the ignominious distinction of being the first recorded person to have been lynched à la lanterne.

## Offices

Born in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, Foullon served as Intendant-General of the Armies during the Seven Years' War, and as Intendant of the Army and Navy under Marshal de Belle-Isle. In 1771 he was appointed Intendant of Finances. In 1789, when Jacques Necker was dismissed, the reactionary Court party nominated Foullon as Controller-General of Finances and minister of the king's household in the new government.
Foullon became unpopular on all sides. The farmers-general resented his severity, and the Parisians his wealth, viewed as resulting from the exploitation of the poor. An unsubstantiated rumor accused him of having said during an earlier famine: "If those rascals have no bread, then let them eat hay". A staunch conservative, he also was very hostile to Louis Philippe d'Orléans' circle.
Foullon was a member of the Parlement of Paris immediately prior to the French Revolution, nicknamed Ame damnée ("damned soul").

## Refuge and murder

After the storming of the Bastille on 14 July, Foullon fled from Paris to his friend Antoine de Sartine's house at Viry-Châtillon, a few miles south of the capital. Aware of the feeling against him Foullon had reports of his own death circulated.
On 22 July Foullon was captured by the peasants on Sartine's estate, and taken to the Hôtel de Ville. Made to walk barefoot, he had a bundle of hay tied to his back, was given peppered vinegar to drink, and had the sweat on his face wiped off with nettles.
In Paris Jean Sylvain Bailly and the Marquis de La Fayette tried to intervene but Foullon was dragged by the populace to the Place de Grève. As he was hanged from a lamp-post, the rope broke three times in a row – so members of the crowd decided to behead him instead, before parading his head on a pike with his mouth stuffed with grass, hay and excrement.
Foullon's son-in-law Bertier de Sauvigny, the intendant of Paris was confronted by the severed head before being lynched himself. The nature of the killing of both Foullon and Bertier was endorsed by Antoine Barnave, a member of the new National Legislative Assembly, with the comment: "What, then, is their blood so pure?".
Foullon's killing is mentioned in Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities. It is also discussed in Thomas Paine's Rights of Man (1791), in which Paine likens Foullon's ordeal to that of Robert-François Damiens, executed in 1757 following an attempted regicide, in order to argue that the Reign of Terror was the result of behaviour learned from the rulers of the Ancien Régime.
# Yoma sabina

Yoma sabina, the Australian lurcher, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in the northern Australasian realm and in Southeast Asia.
The wingspan is around 7 cm.
The larvae feed on Dipteracanthus bracteatus and Ruellia species (wild petunias).
# Geççek

"Geççek" (Turkish: This shall pass) is a song of the Turkish singer Tarkan. Released in February 2022, it has garnered quite some attention not only from his fans, but also in the Turkish political spectrum, both, politicians from the Government as well as the opposition have commented on it due to speculations of alleged criticism on the current government. The song has been written by Tarkan himself, and inspired by the difficult times he experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Production

The lyrics and melody of the song are from Tarkan, while Ozan Çolakoğlu was responsible for its production. The director of the song's video clip was İrfan Yıldırım.

## Release

After its release was announced by Tarkan on Twitter the song was released on Tarkan's YouTube channel on 17 February 2022 and by the next day has been viewed over 4 million times. It was Tarkan's first major release in five years.

## Political comments

The references to the final days of a difficult time have caused politicians to speculate around a possible political message ahead of the upcoming general elections in 2023. Opposition politicians such as Meral Akşener of the right-wing Good Party (İyi Party), Hüda Kaya of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) or Veli Ağbaba of the Republican People's Party (CHP) have supported the song, commenting on him on social media. Journalists supporting the Government have alleged the song was written in Pennsylvania in reference to Fethullah Gülen's residency there. Alpay Özalan of the Governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) accused the opposition of having made use of Tarkan as their troll while not being able to govern a country and Metin Özkan from the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) suspected the HDP of having had something to do with the song.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Geççek" :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 121 |
# LLW

As an abbreviation, LLW may refer to:

## Companies

* Lavacot Locomotive Works
* Lima Locomotive Works, a defunct American manufacturer of railroad locomotives

## Locations

* Lilongwe International Airport (IATA airport code)
* Llwyngwril railway station, Gwynedd, Wales (National Rail station code)

## Terms

* Low-level waste, nuclear waste
# Ti me više ne voliš

Ti me više ne voliš (You Don't Love Me Anymore) is the debut studio album by Bosnian pop singer Donna Ares. It was released in 1998 through Sani Records.
All of the songs were written by Ares and produced by her husband Džavid Ljubovci.
# War Powers Act

Several acts passed by the United States Congress are known as the War Powers Act:
* the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917
* the War Powers Act of 1941
* the War Powers Clause
* the War Powers Resolution of 1973