OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Obsolete denominations of United States currency

The United States has produced several coins and banknotes of its dollar which no longer circulate or have been disused. Many of these were removed for specific reasons such as inflation reducing their value, a lack of demand, or being too similar to another denomination.

## Treasury notes

The U.S. Dollar has numerous discontinued denominations, particularly high denomination bills, issued before and in 1934 in six denominations ranging from $500 to $100,000. Although still legal tender, most are in the hands of collectors and museums. The reverse designs featured abstract scroll-work with ornate denomination identifiers. With the exception of the $100,000 bill, these bills ceased production in the 1940s, and were recalled in 1969. Of these, the $100,000 was printed only as a Series 1934 gold certificate and was only used for internal government transactions. The United States also issued fractional currency for a brief time in the 1860s and 1870s, in several denominations each less than a dollar.
| Denomination | Portrait |
| 3 cent note | George Washington |
| 5 cent note | Thomas Jefferson |
| 10 cent note | William M. Meredith |
| 15 cent note | Bust of Columbia |
| 25 cent note | Robert Walker |
| 50 cent note | William Crawford |
| $500 bill | William McKinley |
| $1,000 bill | Grover Cleveland |
| $2,000 bill | Various historical figures |
| $5,000 bill | James Madison |
| $10,000 bill | Salmon P. Chase |
| $100,000 bill | Woodrow Wilson |

## Coinage

There have been numerous coins throughout the United States dollar's history that no longer circulate. Some, like the half-cent coin were removed due to inflation reducing their value while others such as the two-cent piece were removed due to a lack of demand.
Note that this table shows the latest status before the coin denomination was rendered obsolete.
| Denomination | Weight | Diameter | Material | Edge | Issued |
| Half cent½¢ | 5.443 g (0.1920 oz) | 23.5 mm (0.93 in) | 100% Cu | plain | 1793–1857 |
| Large cent1¢ | 10.89 g (0.384 oz) | 29 mm (1.1 in) | 100% Cu | plain | 1793–1857 |
| Two-cent piece2¢ | 6.22 g (0.219 oz) | 23.00 mm (0.906 in) | 95% Cu, 5% Sn and Zn | plain | 1864–1873 |
| Three-cent nickel3¢ | 1.94 g (0.068 oz) | 17.9 mm (0.70 in) | 75% Cu, 25% Ni | plain | 1865–1889 |
| Trime3¢ | 0.8 g (0.028 oz) | 14 mm (0.55 in) | 90% Ag, 10% Cu | plain | 1851–1873 |
| Half dime5¢ | 1.24 g (0.044 oz) | 15.5 mm (0.61 in) | 90% Ag, 10% Cu | Reeded | 1792–1873 |
| Twenty-cent piece20¢ | 5 g (0.18 oz) | 22 mm (0.87 in) | 90% Ag, 10% Cu | Plain | 1875–1878 |
| Gold dollar$1 | 1.7 g (0.060 oz) | 14.3 mm (0.56 in) | 90% Au, 10% Cu | Reeded | 1849–1889 |
| Quarter eagle$2.50 | 4.18 g (0.147 oz) | 18 mm (0.71 in) | 90% Au, 10% Cu | Reeded | 1795–1929 |
| Three-dollar piece$3 | 5.01 g (0.177 oz) | 20.5 mm (0.81 in) | 90% Au, 10% Cu | Reeded | 1853–1889 |
| Half eagle$5 | 8.36 g (0.295 oz) | 21.6 mm (0.85 in) | 90% Au, 10% Cu | Reeded | 1795–1929 |
| Eagle$10 | 16.7 g (0.59 oz) | 26.8 mm (1.06 in) | 90% Au, 10% Cu | Reeded | 1795–1933 |
| Double eagle$20 | 35 g (1.2 oz) | 34 mm (1.3 in) | 90% Au, 10% Cu | Reeded | 1849–1932 |
# Ocenebra miscowichae

Ocenebra miscowichae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Morocco.
# Ognon, Oise

Ognon (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Oise department in northern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Villers-Saint-Frambourg-Ognon.
# Ognoadéni

Ognoadéni is a town in the Bogandé Department of Gnagna Province in eastern Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 1,706.
# Ocularia quadroalbovittipennis

Ocularia quadroalbovittipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1960.
# Svinjarevo

Svinjarevo is a village in the municipality of Žabari, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 213 people.
# Curtin Winsor Jr.

Curtin Winsor Jr. (born April 28, 1939) is a former Ambassador of the United States to Costa Rica.

## Biography

Winsor was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on April 28, 1939, and graduated from Brown University in 1961 with a degree in English literature. Following his undergraduate studies, he received a master's degree in Latin American studies in 1964 and his Ph.D. in international studies in 1971 from the School of International Service at American University in Washington, D.C. After a stint as an academic researcher, he joined the United States Foreign Service in 1967. From 1971 to 1973, he assisted Kansas's Senator Robert Dole. Winsor subsequently worked for Chase Manhattan Bank and several non-profit concerns focusing on international and free-trade issues.
Winsor was a foreign-policy adviser to former California Governor Ronald Reagan in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Following the 1980 campaign, President Reagan sent him as Special Emissary to the Middle East. From 1983 to 1985, he was the United States Ambassador to Costa Rica. He was involved with several non-profit boards, including those of the William H. Donner Foundation, the Donner Canadian Foundation, the Hudson Institute, the Atlas Economic Research Foundation, and the Media Research Center, as well as the National Council of the American Council of Trustees and Alumni.
Winsor is the founder and past owner of the American Chemical Services Company of Marmet, West Virginia, which has produced chemicals for controlling dust and frozen coal for coal mines and users since 1981.
# Thomas Bolger

Thomas Bolger may refer to:
* Thomas Bolger (Irish politician) (1882–1938), Irish Cumann na nGaedheal politician
* Thomas A. Bolger (1887–1953), American politician from Illinois
* Thomas Bolger (wrestler) (1904–1995), Australian wrestler
# When Nuggets Glistened

When Nuggets Glistened: A Cooee from '54 is a novel by Arthur Wright set during the Australian Gold Rush of 1854.
# Constant-current diode

A constant-current diode is an electronic device that limits current to a maximal specified value for the device. It is known as a current-limiting diode (CLD) or current-regulating diode (CRD).
It consists of an n-channel JFET with the gate shorted to the source, which functions like a two-terminal current limiter (analogous to a voltage-limiting Zener diode). It allows a current through it to rise to a certain value, but not higher.
Note that some devices are unidirectional and voltage across the device must have only one polarity for it to operate as a CLD, whereas other devices are bidirectional and can operate properly with either polarity.
Wide-bandgap materials such as silicon carbide have been used in production devices to enable high-voltage applications in the kilovolt range.
# William Beardsley (settler)

William Beardsley (c. 1605–1661) was one of the first settlers of Stratford, Connecticut (abt. 1635).

## Biography

According to long-standing family tradition, William Beardsley was born in about 1605 in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire; England, but documentation to support this tradition is lacking. Orcutt in his History of Stratford and other authorities state that he emigrated with Rev. Adam Blakeman from St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England. Isaac Haight Beardsley conducted research on the English origins of the Beardsley line in 1891, and he reported after a thorough search of the extant records that no evidence to support the Stratford-on-Avon origins could be found. Isaac H. Beardsley did, however, locate information in the Abbey records of St. Albans and concluded that William Beardsley (born 1605) and Thomas Beardsley (born 1603, another early settler of Stratford, Connecticut) were possibly sons of Hugh Bearsley, who appears in the baptismal records of St. Albans on 31 Oct 1582 and grandsons of Thomas Bearsley and Jane Upton, who were married at St. Albans on 16 Jul 1581. This evidence has evidently not been convincing to some family historians, since the traditional Stratford-on-Avon origins were again reported in a work by Nellie Beardsley Holt in 1951. Holt also reported that in 1631, William Beardsley married Mary Harvie in St. Mary's church, and in 1633, their first son John was baptized there. More research into primary sources is still needed to resolve the differing accounts.
Modern discoveries, supported by LDS Church genealogical researchers, show that William Beardsley was originally from Ilkeston, Derbyshire. Many persons of the Beardsley surname live in that area today.
In 1635, Beardsley and his wife and three children boarded the ship "Planter" with 116 other passengers and sailed to Massachusetts. In December 1636, Beardsley took the oath of a freeman of Massachusetts.
In 1639, Beardsley and his wife left Boston to become one of the first settler families in the Pequonnocke Plantation, which later became known as Stratford, Connecticut. Beardsley was active in the affairs of the settlement and served as Deputy to the General Court at Hartford from 1645 to 1659, Judge, as well as being one of the founders of the First Congregational Church of Stratford, Connecticut.
After arriving in America, from 1636-1646 Beardsley and his wife had six additional children.
Beardsley died in Stratford, Connecticut in 1661 and is buried in Union Cemetery with his wife.
# Super Hits

Super Hits may refer to:
* Super Hits (Time–Life Records), later AM Gold, a 1990s series of Top 40 compilation albums
* Super Hits (Alan Jackson album), 1999
* Super Hits, an album by Alice Cooper, 1999
* Super Hits (Big Audio Dynamite album), 1999
* Super Hits (Blood, Sweat & Tears album), 1998
* Super Hits (Brooks & Dunn album), 1999
* Super Hits (Charlie Daniels album), 1994
* Super Hits (Cypress Hill album), 2008
* Super Hits, an album by Donovan, 2000
* Super Hits (Eddie Money album), 1997
* Super Hits (Europe album), 1998
* Super Hits (Frank Sinatra album), 2000
* Super Hits (George Jones album), 1987
* Super Hits (Glen Campbell album), 2000
* Super Hits (Kenny Chesney album), 2007
* Super Hits, an album by Lila McCann, 2002
* Super Hits, an album by Lorrie Morgan, 1998
* Super Hits, an album by Mandy Moore, 2007
* Super Hits (Marvin Gaye album), 1970
* Super Hits (Miles Davis album), 2001
* Super Hits, an album by New Kids on the Block, 2001
* Super Hits, an album Peabo Bryson, 2000
* Super Hits (Ricky Van Shelton album), 1995
* Super Hits (Shenandoah album), 1994
* Super Hits, an album by Sherbet, 2006
* Super Hits (Toto album), 2001
* Super Hits, an album by Van Morrison, 1999
* Super Hits (The Verve Pipe album), 2007
* Super Hits, an album by Vince Gill, 1996
* Super Hits (Wild Cherry album), 2002
* Super Hits (Willie Nelson album), 1994
* Super Hits (Yanni album), 2007
* SuperHits 650 CISL, 2007 branding for CISL (AM)
# Ocularia mirei

Ocularia mirei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1977.
# When October Goes

"When October Goes" is a ballad based on a lyric Johnny Mercer had written but did not complete. It was matched up to a melody by Barry Manilow and released in 1984, peaking at number 6 in the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.

## Background

In his last year, as he was dying from brain cancer, Mercer became extremely fond of Manilow, in part because Manilow's first hit record was of a song titled "Mandy", which was also the name of Mercer's daughter. After Mercer's death, his widow, Ginger Mehan Mercer, arranged to give some unfinished lyrics he had written to Manilow to possibly develop into complete songs. Among these was "When October Goes." Manilow applied his own melody to the lyric and issued it as a single in 1984. The song's first appeared was at Manilow's album 2:00 AM Paradise Cafe.
This is also the title of an album put out by Rounder Records and produced by Christine Lavin, which features the title song and other fall related songs by singer/songwriters.

## Covers

The song has since been recorded by Rebecca Parris, Kevin Mahogany, Rosemary Clooney, Nancy Wilson, Betty Buckley, Audrey Morris, Megon McDonough, Julie Budd (arranged by Herb Bernstein), Nancy LaMott (arranged by Christopher Marlowe). Thomas Anders (of Modern Talking fame) recorded his version in 1997 on the album Live Concert. Recently, Lea Salonga performed the song on her album Inspired.
# Mervyn Crossman

Mervyn Richard Crossman (7 April 1935 – 20 June 2017) was an Australian field hockey player, who won the bronze medal with the Men's National Team at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. Four years earlier, when Rome, Italy hosted the Games, he made his Olympic debut.
Crossman played 32 times for Australia at the senior level, scoring 8 goals and was a renowned penalty corner hitter. He died in Townsville, Queensland on 20 June 2017.
# Thomas Sloan

Thomas Henry Sloan (1870–1941) was an Irish unionist and co-founder of the Independent Orange Order (IOO). The choice of a loyalist workers association over the official Conservative Unionist nominee, he represented the Belfast South constituency as an Independent Unionist at the Westminster parliament from 1902 to 1910. He and members of the IOO supported workers in the Belfast Lockout of 1907.

## Career

Sloan was a sub-contractor for the cementing of ship's floors at the shipyard of Harland and Wolff in Belfast. He first came to attention as a supporter of the working class evangelical Protestant preacher Arthur Trew, and soon became a leading member of his Belfast Protestant Association. In 1901, Trew was sentenced to twelve months' hard labour after he incited an anti-Catholic riot, and Sloan took over his Sunday afternoon speeches on the steps of Belfast Customs House. Trew's imprisonment had increased interest, and Sloan was a superior speaker and organiser.
In July 1902, the sitting MP for South Belfast, William Johnston, died. Johnston, an evangelical Orangeman, was first elected in 1868, defeating a millowner as the candidate of the United Protestant Working Men's Association of Ulster. While he later sat unopposed as an official Conservative, he established a reputation as a supporter of labour protection, tenant right, the secret ballot and woman's suffrage
In the tradition of Johnston, the Belfast Protestant Association challenged the Conservative Unionist nominee for South Belfast, presenting Sloan in the August 1902 by-election as the democratic candidate. His successful campaign was marked by what his opponents considered a classic piece of bigotry. Sloan protested the exemption of Catholic convents from inspection by the Hygiene Commission (the Catholic Church should not be "a state within a state"). But it was also as a trade unionist that Sloan criticised wealthy employers (the "fur-coat brigade") in the leadership of unionism.
In 1903, with Robert Lindsay Crawford, Sloan founded the Independent Orange Order. As Grand Master from 1905, Crawford sought to promote the Independent order as "strongly Protestant, strongly democratic" and "strongly Irish". In the Order's 1904 Magheramorne Manifesto, he invited Irish Protestants to "reconsider their position as Irish citizens and their attitude towards their Roman Catholic countrymen". While Sloan had signed the manifesto he, and the bulk of the membership, broke with Crawford as he moved progressively toward an embrace of Irish Home Rule. Crawford was expelled in 1908.
With the Independent Order, Sloan supported dock and linen-mill workers, led by the syndicalist James Larkin, in the great Belfast Lockout of 1907. In 1903 Sloan had been the only Unionist MP to vote for the Miners' Eight Hour bill.
Sloan was re-elected in the 1906 general election, but twice lost to the official Irish Unionist candidate in the January 1910 and December 1910 elections.
# The Scottsville Squirrel Barkers

The Scottsville Squirrel Barkers were a San Diego–based bluegrass group best known as the band that launched the careers of founding Byrds' member, Chris Hillman and founding Eagles' guitarist-songwriter, Bernie Leadon. The lineup included Hillman on mandolin, future Hearts & Flowers member Larry Murray on Dobro, Ed Douglas on stand-up bass, Gary Carr on guitar, and future Flying Burrito Brothers and Country Gazette member, Kenny Wertz on banjo. Leadon would replace Wertz on banjo when he left the group to join the Air Force in 1963 (Wertz would return the favor by replacing Leadon in the Flying Burrito Brothers when he left that group to start the Eagles in 1971).
The group recorded only one album, Blue Grass Favorites in 1963, and disbanded later that year. They have all remained in contact over the years, reuniting sporadically since 2003 and most recently in 2009 at the Adams Avenue Roots Festival in San Diego.
# Super Hits (Alan Jackson album)

Super Hits is the second greatest hits compilation album by Alan Jackson. The album was re-released in 2007. It is part of a series of similar Super Hits albums issued by Sony BMG, the parent company of Jackson's label, Arista Nashville.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Super Hits received two and half stars out of five from Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic. Erlewine concludes that the album is "entertaining" on its own terms but "simply doesn't deliver the hits it promises."

## Chart performance

Super Hits peaked at #44 on the U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums chart the week of May 22, 1999.

### Weekly charts

| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums | 44 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2002) | Position |
| Canadian Country Albums (Nielsen SoundScan) | 81 |
# Quintus Gargilius Martialis

Quintus Gargilius Martialis (fl. c. 260) was a third-century Roman writer on horticulture, botany, and medicine. He has been identified by some with the military commander of the same name, mentioned in a Latin inscription of 260 as having lost his life in the colony of Auzia in Mauretania Caesariensis. Considerable fragments of his work (probably called De hortis), which treated of the cultivation of trees and vegetables, and also of their medicinal properties, have survived, chiefly in the body of and as an appendix to the Medicina Plinii (an anonymous 4th century handbook of medical recipes based upon Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historiae, xx–xxxii). Extant sections treat of apples, peaches, quinces, citrons, almonds, chestnuts, parsnips, and various other edibles, with an emphasis on the medical effects they have on the body (quoting Dioscorides sometimes). Gargilius also wrote a treatise on the tending of cattle (De curis boum). A biography of the emperor Alexander Severus is also attributed to him in the Augustan History. This attribution has been read as a joke by some critics.

## Editions and Translations

* Edited by Valentin Rose, Teubner edition, 1875, in Latin. Downloadable at Archive.org
* Gargilius Martialis: Curae boum ex corpore Gargili Martialis. Edidit Ernestus Lommatzsch, Leipzig 1903
* Q. Gargilius Martialis: De hortis. A cura di Innocenzo Mazzini, Bologna 1978 (2nd revised ed. 1988)
* Gargilius Martialis: Les remèdes tirés des légumes et des fruits. Text établi, traduit et commenté par Brigitte Maire, Paris 2002
* Gargilius Martialis: The Agricultural Fragments. Edited by James L. Zainaldin. Cambridge University Press, 2020 (Cambridge Classical Texts and Commentaries 60)
* Gargilius: Gesundheit aus dem Garten. Bilingual edition in Latin and German, by Kai Brodersen. Stuttgart: Reclam 2022, ISBN 978-3-15-014251-6
# Odontamblyopus tenuis

Odontamblyopus tenuis is a species of eel goby native to fresh, brackish and marine coastal waters from Pakistan and Myanmar. This species can reach a length of 12.8 centimetres (5.0 in) SL.
# Whirinaki River (Bay of Plenty)

The Whirinaki River is a river of the Hawke's Bay and Bay of Plenty Regions of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally north through the Whirinaki Te Pua-a-Tāne Conservation Park and Kaingaroa Forest to reach the Rangitaiki River 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Murupara.
# Myer Rosenblum

Myer E. Rosenblum OAM (10 January 1907 – 18 April 2002) was an Australian sportsman and lawyer. He was born in South Africa to parents who had migrated from present-day Belarus. His family moved to Sydney, Australia in 1914, and he was educated at Fort Street High School and Sydney University. He played four Test matches for the Australian Rugby Union team in 1928. He set up a law firm, "M. Rosenblum and Co" in the 1930s; in 1959 he employed as an articled clerk John Howard who later became an Australian prime minister. In his later years he was an active philanthropist. He died of a heart attack at the age of 95.

## Early life and education

Before his birth, Rosenblum's family emigrated from what is now Belarus but was then part of the Russian Empire to South Africa, where he was born in 1907. The family moved to Australia in 1914, to the inner western Sydney suburb of Marrickville. Myer and sister Sarah both won scholarships to the then non-co-educational Fort Street Boys and Girls Schools, and then to Sydney University.

## Sporting achievements

Rosenblum played at breakaway in four games for the New South Wales Rugby union team against the All-Blacks in 1928. At the time, the New South Wales Rugby Union was the peak Australian representative body; these games were retrospectively granted full "test" status by the Australian Rugby Union in 1986. He set an Australian record for the hammer throw in 1935, and represented Australia in that event at the 1938 then "British Empire Games". In addition, he was an accomplished tennis player and hurdler.

## As lawyer

Rosenblum's legal career has been reported as uneventful except his 1959 decision, as principal of the law firm M Rosenblum & Co, to employ a 19-year-old called John Howard as an articled clerk at the pay of £6 a week. Howard went on to become the 25th and second-longest serving Prime Minister of Australia More than a decade before his ascent to Prime Ministership, Rosenblum – a lifelong supporter of the Australian Labor Party – said Howard "would have made a wonderful Labor leader of the Ben Chifley type – you know, a thoroughly honest man of the people." Howard described Rosenblum as "one of the great characters that I've met in my life... a terrific teacher."

## Honours

Rosenblum was awarded Australian Sports Medal on 29 September 2000. He was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in the Australia Day Honours of 26 January 2001.

## Personal life

Rosenblum was an accomplished bassoon and contra-bassoon player and won a scholarship to the Sydney Conservatorium of Music. He met New Zealander Lyla Grant at a party listening to classical music. They were married for 55 years until her death in 1992. Daughter Germaine and son Rupert Rosenblum – later himself a Wallaby – were born of their marriage. Myer's only grandchild, Stephen, Germaine's son, followed in his grandfather's footsteps and took up a career in law, as a barrister. In his later life, Rosenblum assisted Moriah College, the Australian Jewish Welfare Society and other sporting and charitable organisations. Rosenblum died of a heart attack on 18 April 2002.
# Njarka

The njarka (Koyraboro Senni: nzarka) is a small fiddle made from a gourd, with one gut string, which is native to Mali. Ali Farka Touré was a notable njarka player.