OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tasia Zalar

Tasia Zalar (born 1992) is an Indigenous Australian actress and musician. She was nominated for Most Popular New Talent at the Logie Awards for her role as Shevorne Shields in the ABC series Mystery Road. She appeared on Elle Australia's List of 2019.

## Early life

Zalar was born in Cairns in Far North Queensland. She is of Gunggandji, Kaurareg, Gugu Thaypan, Mualgal, Gumulgal, and Wuthathi heritage. She attended Trinity Bay State High School. She played football and marngrook with the North Cairns Tigers growing up. She moved to Melbourne at 19 and splits her time between there and Townsville.

## Career

Zalar began her career when she was 15 in the titular role of the short film Nia's Melancholy, which premiered at the 2009 Message Sticks Festival. She then made her feature film debut as Coral in Uninhabited and her television debut as Bridget Titui in the ABC1 miniseries The Straits.
In 2018, Zalar began starring as Shevorne Shields in the neo-Western series Mystery Road. In addition to receiving a Logie nomination, she won two Equity Ensemble Awards alongside her cast mates. In film, she appeared in the Vale Light installment of the 2019 horror anthology Dark Place, the 2021 sports drama Streamline, and the sequel to the zombie apocalypse film Wyrmwood.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2009 | Nia's Melancholy | Nia | Short film |
| 2010 | Uninhabited | Coral | |
| 2015 | Bluey | Bluey | Short film |
| 2017 | Blight | Tracker | Short film |
| 2018 | Kapara | Lydia George | Short film |
| 2019 | Dark Place | Shae | Anthology: Vale Light |
| 2019 | Closed Doors | Girl | Short film |
| 2021 | Streamline | Patti Hill | |
| 2021 | Wyrmwood: Apocalypse | Grace | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2012 | The Straits | Bridget Titui | 7 episodes |
| 2014–2015 | Wentworth | Jianna Riley | 2 episodes |
| 2017 | The Warriors | Ava | 2 episodes |
| 2018–present | Mystery Road | Shevorne Shields | Main role |
| 2018 | Wrong Kind of Black | Chicky | Miniseries |
| 2019 | Get Krack!n | Willow | 1 episode |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result |
| 2019 | Logie Awards | Most Popular New Talent | Mystery Road | Nominated |
| 2019 | Equity Ensemble Awards | (shared) | Mystery Road | Won |
| 2021 | Equity Ensemble Awards | (shared) | Mystery Road | Won |
# William Watson-Armstrong, 2nd Baron Armstrong

William John Montagu Watson-Armstrong, 2nd Baron Armstrong (10 October 1892 – 6 July 1972) was a British and Canadian aristocrat and soldier.

## Early life

Armstrong was born in 1892 as the first child of the businessman William Watson-Armstrong and Winifreda Jane (née Adye). When Armstrong was 11 in 1903, his father was created Baron Armstrong after inheriting his industrialist great-uncle's wealth but not title in 1900, at which point he became The Hon William Watson-Armstrong. Armstrong was educated at Eton and then Trinity College, where he received a first class degree in history in 1914.

## Military service

Commissioned into the 7th Battalion of the Northumberland Fusiliers in the Territorial Force in 1913, Armstrong served during World War I as a captain in France and Belgium, being mentioned in despatches and severely wounded in the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915, and invalided home in November 1917. Thereafter he served in India for a year from 1918 to 1919.

## Personal life

Armstrong married Zaida Cecile Drummond-Wolff in 1917 in Billere during the Great War. Their only child, William Henry Cecil John Robin Watson-Armstrong, was born in 1919.

## Diplomatic service

In 1924, Armstrong moved to Canada, where he was appointed Consul for Siam, and after five years promoted in 1929 to Consul-General, where he stayed in post until 1942, through the Siamese revolution of 1932 to do so on behalf of Thailand. For his service, he was appointed Commander of the Order of the Crown of Siam and Commander of the Order of the White Elephant.
In 1941, Armstrong's father died, and he succeeded as 2nd Lord Armstrong. He remained in Canada.
In 1942, Armstrong became Consul of the Netherlands for British Columbia and Yukon, serving until 1946, for which he was appointed Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau.

## Retirement and death

Following World War II, Armstrong returned to the UK in 1946, splitting his time between Cragside and Bamburgh Castle.
Armstrong died in 1972, and was succeeded by his son.
# Stenoscelis brevis

Stenoscelis brevis is a species of snout or bark beetle in the family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Robert Bourget-Pailleron

Robert Bourget-Pailleron (1897, Paris – 1970, Paris) was a 20th-century French journalist and writer, winner of the Prix Interallié in 1933 and the Grand prix du roman de l'Académie française in 1941.

## Works

* 1931: Champ secret
* 1932: Le Pouvoir absolu
* 1933: L'Homme du Brésil, Éditions Gallimard, Prix Interallié.
* 1936: Menaces de mort
* 1936: Les Clés de la caisse
* 1938: Conquête de la Bourgogne
* 1939: La Folie Hubert, Éditions Gallimard, Grand prix du roman de l'Académie française (1941).
* 1941: Le Chant du départ
* 1944: Les Journées de juin
* 1953: L'Enfant de minuit
* 1955: La Demoiselle de Viroflay
* 1956: Le Rendez-vous de Quimper
* 1958: Les Antiquaires
* 1961: La Colombe du Luxembourg
# Thermal history coating

A thermal history coating (THC) is a robust coating containing various non-toxic chemical compounds whose crystal structures irreversibly change at high temperatures. This allows for temperature measurements and thermal analysis to be performed on intricate and inaccessible components, which operate in harsh environments. Like thermal barrier coatings, THCs provide protection from intense heat to the surfaces on which they are applied. The temperature range that THCs provide accurate temperature measurements in is 900 °C to 1400 °C with an accuracy of ±10 °C.

## Application of THCs

THCs are applied by atmospheric plasma spraying, which is a thermal spraying technique. This ensures that the coatings are robust to allow long life-times in harsh environments, such as on jet engine components, which experience temperatures in excess of 1000 °C and angular velocities of up to 10,000rpm (revolutions per minute).

## Temperature Measurement
### Phosphorescent Properties

THCs are composed of phosphor materials, whose luminescent characteristics are temperature- and duration-dependent. Phosphor thermometry is the measurement technique used for determining the past temperatures of THCs, whereby the luminescent characteristics of the coatings are exploited and matched to calibration tables.

### Instrumentation

The phosphorescence of THCs is excited by use of an external light source such as a laser pen. An optical system then collects a reflected light signal, whose characteristics provide information on the crystal structure of the THC. Crystal structure properties are then converted into temperatures, which had previously been experience by the coatings. This allows for point measurements to be made across the coated surfaces of components and allows thermal analysis to be carried out.

## Applications
### R&D

THCs are used in high temperature applications where temperature knowledge is essential in research and development programmes, for example in identifying hot spots, which could lead to structural damage of components.

### Warranty

As the THCs provide historic temperature information, they can be used as warranty tools, where certain components, such as valves or particular engine or machinery components must not exceed certain temperatures.

## Other High-Temperature Detection Technologies

* Thermocouple
* Thermocrystal
* Pyrometer
# Lake Tahoe (film)

Lake Tahoe is a 2008 Mexican drama film, directed by Fernando Eimbcke.
It premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival in Germany on February 9, 2008 and won ten awards, including two Silver Ariels for best supporting actor (Hector Herrera) and best director. The film follows a teenage boy who has crashed the family car and his prolonged attempts to find a new engine part to fix it. His and his family's grief at his father's recent death are also shown. The title is derived from a Lake Tahoe bumper sticker on the car.
# John Lewger

John Lewger (1602–1665) was the first attorney practicing in Maryland, was Clerk of the Maryland House of Burgesses and was the first Secretary and Attorney General of Maryland. He is considered the father of the Maryland Bar.
He was born in London, England and educated at Trinity College, Oxford, receiving a B.A. in 1619. At college, he met Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, a connection that would serve him well. He joined Trinity College's faculty in 1632.
Although Lewger was an ordained Church of England minister, he converted to Catholicism in 1635.
Lewger arrived with his wife and son in Maryland on 28 November 1637 and became the Attorney General of the Lord Proprietary. He argued his first case on 30 December 1637 in the Provincial Court.
In 1638, he set up house in St. Mary's, then Maryland's capital. He served in the Maryland House of Burgesses (the forerunner of the Maryland General Assembly) from 1637 to 1642, of which he was made Clerk. It was during this period that wife died. In 1644, he was made Secretary of the Province. In this latter role, during the absence of Governor Leonard Calvert, he dispatched a military party to negotiate peace with the Susquehannock tribe. He simultaneously held several provincial offices, including Commissioner in Causes Testamentary, Surveyor General, Collector and Receiver of Rents, and Justice of St. Mary's County. While he was Secretary, Lewger acted as counsel to Lord Baltimore and was Attorney General of the province.
When St. Mary's town was attacked by Richard Ingle in 1645, Lewger's home was ransacked and he was taken prisoner and transported back to England. After a stint as a prisoner, he was released and returned to Maryland. He served in the Upper House (the forerunner of the Maryland Senate) from 1646 to 1647.
During the English Civil War, whilst King Charles I of England was held prisoner by Parliament, Lewger was directed to collect and safeguard the King's private possessions in the province.
Around October 1648 he returned to England and became a Roman Catholic priest, serving as his friend, Cecil Calvert's, chaplain. He also wrote several books. He died during the Great Plague of London in 1665 and was interred in a mass grave.
# Mthonjaneni Local Municipality

Mthonjaneni is an administrative area in the King Cetshwayo District of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.
Mthonjaneni is an isiZulu name meaning "a spring of water". There is a spring found in the vicinity of the municipality where King Dingaan used to send his maidens to collect water for him.
The municipality was enlarged at the time of the South African municipal election, 2016 when part of the disbanded Ntambanana Local Municipality was merged into it.

## Main places

The 2001 census divided the municipality into the following main places:
| Place | Code | Area (km$^2$) | Population |
| Biyela Kwanguye | 54101 | 8.25 | 1,560 |
| Entembeni | 54102 | 271.17 | 24,886 |
| Kwanguye | 54103 | 6.30 | 517 |
| Melmoth | 54104 | 12.10 | 1,816 |
| Mnanyando | 54105 | 17.64 | 3,794 |
| Obuka | 54107 | 22.88 | 1,902 |
| Thubalethu | 54108 | 1.34 | 5,137 |
| Yanguya | 54109 | 73.57 | 5,430 |
| Remainder of the municipality | 54106 | 672.29 | 5,329 |

## Politics

The municipal council consists of twenty-five members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Thirteen councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in thirteen wards, while the remaining twelve are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) lost its majority, obtaining a plurality of twelve seats on the council.
The following table shows the results of the 2021 election.
| Party | Party | Ward | Ward | Ward | List | List | List | Total seats |
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Total seats |
| | Inkatha Freedom Party | 10,734 | 46.51 | 8 | 11,391 | 49.34 | 4 | 12 |
| | African National Congress | 8,755 | 37.93 | 5 | 8,735 | 37.84 | 5 | 10 |
| | Independent candidates | 2,088 | 9.05 | 0 | | | | 0 |
| | Academic Congress Union | | | | 1,430 | 6.19 | 1 | 1 |
| | Economic Freedom Fighters | 644 | 2.79 | 0 | 675 | 2.92 | 1 | 1 |
| | National Freedom Party | 525 | 2.27 | 0 | 510 | 2.21 | 1 | 1 |
| | Democratic Alliance | 118 | 0.51 | 0 | 109 | 0.47 | 0 | 0 |
| | African Transformation Movement | 111 | 0.48 | 0 | 93 | 0.40 | 0 | 0 |
| | Abantu Batho Congress | 65 | 0.28 | 0 | 68 | 0.29 | 0 | 0 |
| | African Christian Democratic Party | 28 | 0.12 | 0 | 45 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 |
| | African People's Movement | 11 | 0.05 | 0 | 31 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 23,079 | 100.00 | 13 | 23,087 | 100.00 | 12 | 25 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 23,079 | 98.44 | | 23,087 | 98.51 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 366 | 1.56 | | 350 | 1.49 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 23,445 | 100.00 | | 23,437 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 45,408 | 51.63 | | 45,408 | 51.61 | | |
# Task Force 16

Task Force 16 (TF 16) was one of the most storied task forces in the United States Navy, a major participant in a number of the most important battles of the Pacific War.
In July 1941, USS Wasp (CV-7) drew the assignment of ferrying army aircraft to Iceland because of a lack of British aircraft to cover the American landings. The American P-40s would provide the defensive fighter cover necessary to watch over the initial American occupying forces. Wasp slipped out to sea on 28 July, with the destroyers O'Brien and Walke as plane guards. The heavy cruiser Vincennes later joined the formation at sea.
Within a few days, Wasp's group joined the larger Task Force 16—consisting of the battleship Mississippi, the heavy cruisers Quincy and Wichita, five destroyers, the auxiliary Semmes, the attack transport American Legion, the stores ship Mizar, and the amphibious cargo ship Almaack. Those ships, too, were bound for Iceland with the first occupation troops embarked. On the morning of 6 August, Wasp, Vincennes, Walke, and O'Brien parted company from Task Force 16 (TF 16). Soon thereafter, the carrier turned into the wind and commenced launching the planes from the 33rd Pursuit Squadron. As the P-40s and the trio of trainers droned on to Iceland, Wasp headed home for Norfolk, her three escorts in company. After another week at sea, the group arrived back at Norfolk on 14 August.
The Task Force was re-formed in mid-February 1942 around Enterprise (CV-6), with Vice Admiral William F. Halsey in command of the force, and supported by cruisers Salt Lake City (CA-25) and Northampton (CA-26), along with a half-dozen destroyers.
The task force's first mission was to shell Wake Island and Marcus Island, then, joined by Hornet (CV-8) and the rest of Task Force 18 (TF18), in April the force conducted the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo. In May Halsey was ordered to join Task Force 17 (TF17) in the Coral Sea, but the Battle of the Coral Sea was over before TF 16 could join in.
Halsey was then hospitalized with a skin disease, so Rear Admiral Raymond A. Spruance took over TF 16 and along with TF 17, led it to victory in the Battle of Midway.
In August, the task force supported the landings on Guadalcanal, then fought in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, followed by the great Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands in October, the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in November, and covered the retreat of TF 18 after the Battle of Rennell Island.
In March 1943, TG 16.6 fought the Battle of the Komandorski Islands, then bombarded Attu in April, and the whole force supported the recapture of the Aleutians in the Battle of Attu.
In 1944 and 1945, the task force was a refueling unit consisting of destroyer escorts and oilers.
# Representational oligonucleotide microarray analysis

Representational oligonucleotide microarray analysis (ROMA) is a technique that was developed by Michael Wigler and Rob Lucito at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) in 2003. Wigler and Lucito currently run laboratories at CSHL using ROMA to explore genomic copy number variation in cancer and other genetic diseases.
In this technique, two genomes are compared for their differences in copy number on a microarray. The ROMA technology emerged from a previous method called representational difference analysis (RDA). ROMA, in comparison to other comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) techniques, has the advantage of reducing the complexity of a genome with a restriction enzyme which highly increases the efficiency of genomic fragment hybridization to a microarray.
In ROMA, a genome is digested with a restriction enzyme, ligated with adapters specific to the restriction fragment sticky ends and amplified by PCR. After the PCR step, representations of the entire genome (restriction fragments) are amplified to pronounce relative increases, decreases or preserve equal copy number in the two genomes. The representations of the two different genomes are labeled with different fluorophores and co-hybridized to a microarray with probes specific to locations across the entire human genome. After analysis of the ROMA microarray image is completed, a copy number profile of the entire human genome is generated. This allows researchers to detect with high accuracy amplifications (amplicons) and deletions that occur across the entire genome.
In cancer, the genome becomes very unstable, resulting in specific regions that may be deleted (if they contain a tumor suppressor) or amplified (if they contain an oncogene). Amplifications and deletions have also been observed in the normal human population and are referred to as Copy Number Polymorphisms (CNPs). Jonathan Sebat was one of the first researchers to report in the journal 'Science' in 2004 that these CNPs give rise to human genomic variation and may contribute to our phenotypic differences. Tremendous research efforts are being conducted now to understand the role of CNPs in normal human variation and neurological diseases such as autism. By understanding which regions of the genome have undergone copy number polymorphisms in disease, scientists can ultimately identify genes that are overexpressed or deleted and design drugs to compensate for these genes to cure genetic diseases.
# Werner Wittig

Werner Wittig can refer to:
* Werner Wittig (painter) (1930-2013), German painter
* Werner Wittig (cyclist) (1909-1942), German cyclist
# Thermal fade

A thermal fade is a phenomenon of wireless signal degradation (fading) caused by temperature and relative humidity factors. As the prevailing environmental conditions change (e.g., from hot to cool, humid to arid, or day to night), the electromagnetic waves refract differently, thus altering the power distribution and possibly the direction of the signal. This is the same process that causes visible light to "bend" over a heated road or other surfaces on hot days.
Thermal fade primarily affects very and ultra high frequencies, regardless of modulation method (AM, FM, etc.). The thermal fade margin is calculated from subtracting losses from antenna gains. A higher fade margin is required in humid locations, and lower in dry ones.
# SS Florinda

SS Florinda was a 57-foot (17 m) double-masted schooner constructed on the Tangipahoa River to the north of New Orleans in 1845 and engaged in the lake trade on the Northern Gulf Coast. Under the command of owner Harmon Jones and Captain James Kenmure, she sailed on July 6, 1849, from New Orleans for the California Gold Rush and was feared lost at sea with all hands while sailing around Cape Horn. Twenty-six years later, reports of the crew living as castaways on an uncharted island in the Straits of Magellan mysteriously surfaced.

## History

SS Florinda was a wooden commercial schooner engaged in delivering passengers, lumber and other goods from New Orleans, Louisiana to ports throughout the Northern Gulf Coast. Frederick Arnet was the original owner and master of the schooner until he sold the vessel to Harmon Jones on July 2, 1849 for his 14,000-nautical-mile (26,000 km; 16,000 mi) voyage from New Orleans around Cape Horn and then to San Francisco, California.

## Disappearance

Florinda sailed from New Orleans on July 6, 1849, with fourteen crew members to the Balize (now known as Pilottown) located at the mouth of the Mississippi River and awaited her captain, Harmon Jones. Florinda then made way first along the coastlines of the Gulf of Mexico to Cape Florida on Key Biscayne near what is today Miami, Florida. She then sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the Cape Verde Islands. On leaving Cape Verde, she then sailed to Brazil and then onwards around Cape Horn.
After a year without further communication with the vessel, Florinda and her crew were feared lost at sea.
In 1875, twenty-six years after her disappearance, reports of the crew of Florinda having survived their shipwreck in a storm and who were now living on an uncharted island in the Straits of Magellan surfaced. For most of the summer of 1875, this story caught the imagination of the world until incorrect reporting from the Louisville Courier-Journal confused Florinda with another vessel and it became widely considered a hoax at the time. Interest in Florinda quickly waned and the crew's survival and existence were never further investigated.
# Ski (disambiguation)

A ski is a narrow strip of semi-rigid material worn underfoot to glide over snow.
Ski may also refer to:

## Recreational activity

* Skiing, the use of skis to glide on snow
* Ski (driving stunt), driving a car balanced on two wheels
* Water skiing, skiing on water, pulled by a boat

## Arts and entertainment

* "Ski" (Future song), 2024
* Ski (Young Stoner Life, Young Thug and Gunna song), 2021
* Ski, a magazine published by Outside

## Food and drink

* Ski (drink), a citrus soda
* Ski Dairy, a British dairy and yogurt brand owned by Nestle

## People

* -ski, a common ending of Polish surnames
* Frank Ski (born 1964), American DJ, journalist and philanthropist
* Martin Ski (1912–1983), Norwegian politician
* Ski Beatz (David Anthony Willis), American record producer
* Ski Melillo (Oscar Donald Melillo, 1899–1963), American baseball player

## Places

* Ski, Norway, a place in Akershus county
* Skipton railway station, England, station code SKI
* Skikda Airport, Algeria, IATA code SKI

## Other uses

* SKI combinator calculus, a combinatory logic system and a computational system
* SKI protein, a nuclear proto-oncogene
* "Spending the Kids' Inheritance", referring to older people's economic consumption