OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yates's correction for continuity

In statistics, Yates's correction for continuity (or Yates's chi-squared test) is used in certain situations when testing for independence in a contingency table. It aims at correcting the error introduced by assuming that the discrete probabilities of frequencies in the table can be approximated by a continuous distribution (chi-squared). Unlike the standard Pearson chi-squared statistic, it is approximately unbiased.

## Correction for approximation error

Using the chi-squared distribution to interpret Pearson's chi-squared statistic requires one to assume that the discrete probability of observed binomial frequencies in the table can be approximated by the continuous chi-squared distribution. This assumption is not quite correct, and introduces some error.
To reduce the error in approximation, Frank Yates, an English statistician, suggested a correction for continuity that adjusts the formula for Pearson's chi-squared test by subtracting 0.5 from the difference between each observed value and its expected value in a 2 × 2 contingency table. This reduces the chi-squared value obtained and thus increases its p-value.
The effect of Yates's correction is to prevent overestimation of statistical significance for small data. This formula is chiefly used when at least one cell of the table has an expected count smaller than 5.
    $\sum _{i=1}^{N}O_{i}=20\,$
The following is Yates's corrected version of Pearson's chi-squared statistics:
    $\chi _{\text{Yates}}^{2}=\sum _{i=1}^{N}{(|O_{i}-E_{i}|-0.5)^{2} \over E_{i}}$
where:
    O$_i$ = an observed frequency
    E$_i$ = an expected (theoretical) frequency, asserted by the null hypothesis
    N = number of distinct events

## 2 × 2 table

As a short-cut, for a 2 × 2 table with the following entries:
| | S | F | |
| A | a | b | a+b |
| B | c | d | c+d |
| | a+c | b+d | N |
    $\chi _{\text{Yates}}^{2}={\frac {N(|ad-bc|-N/2)^{2}}{(a+b)(c+d)(a+c)(b+d)}}.$
In some cases, this is better.
    $\chi _{\text{Yates}}^{2}={\frac {N(\max(0,|ad-bc|-N/2))^{2}}{N_{S}N_{F}N_{A}N_{B}}}.$
Yates's correction should always be applied, as it will tend to improve the accuracy of the p-value obtained. However, in situations with large sample sizes, using the correction will have little effect on the value of the test statistic, and hence the p-value.
# Spinkai

Spinkai or Spinkai Raghzai is a town in South Waziristan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, province of Pakistan. This semi-autonomous area is inhabited by Pashtun tribe Mahsud. In January 2008, Pakistan Army launched Operation Zalzala to flush out the Taliban militants belonging to Baitullah Mehsud group
On 20 May 2008, the Pakistani Army conducted collective punishment against Spinkai. The operation was called 'zalzala' which is Urdu for earthquake. At first, the Pakistan Army swept through with helicopter gunships, artillery and tanks that crunched across a parched riverbed. After four days of heavy fighting, 25 militants and six soldiers died. The rest of the militants retreated up the valley. After the capture of the village the army discovered bomb factories, detonation-ready suicide jackets and schools for teenage suicide bombers.
The Pakistan Army immediately decided to punish the village for harboring the Taliban and allowing the militants to operate in and from the village to conduct further terror attacks in Pakistan. Bulldozers and explosives experts turned Spinkai's bazaar into a mile-long pile of rubble.
# Silvo Breskvar

Silvo Breskvar (December 31, 1902 – January 3, 1969 in Ljubljana) was a Yugoslav mathematician and physicist.
# Tube Mills railway station

Tube Mills railway station was a station on the Gawler line located in the inner northern Adelaide, suburb of Kilburn. It was located approximately 8.4 kilometres from Adelaide station, and was demolished in the late 1980s.
The British Tube Mills (later Tubemakers) factory was located adjacent and the station could only be accessed from the factory.
Trains were scheduled to stop at Tube Mills for shift changes, but outside these times, some trains were timetabled to stop at Tube Mills on request.
The British Tube Mills works were served by rail. Rail access to the works was via the Up North Main only, meaning trains either had to come from Dry Creek and shunt into the works or work "wrong line" from Islington.
The British Tube Mills works were originally located on both sides of Churchill Road. Rail access to the eastern works was provided via a level crossing over Churchill Road. The level crossing has long since been removed, but evidence of it is still visible.
34°51′14″S 138°34′42″E﻿ / ﻿34.8539°S 138.5783°E﻿ / -34.8539; 138.5783
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# Quietly There

Quietly There is an album by jazz trumpeter Chet Baker and the Carmel Strings recorded in 1966 and released on the World Pacific label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic rated the album with 3 stars.

## Track listing

* "Early Autumn" (Ralph Burns, Woody Herman, Johnny Mercer) - 2:43
* "I Left My Heart in San Francisco" (George Cory, Douglass Cross) - 2:29
* "Forget Him" (Tony Hatch) - 2:41
* "The Christmas Song" (Mel Tormé, Bob Wells) - 3:05
* "Quietly There" (Johnny Mandel, Morgan Ames) - 2:38
* "Spring Can Really Hang You Up the Most" (Fran Landesman, Tommy Wolf) - 2:52
* "Stranger on the Shore" (Acker Bilk) - 2:39
* "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" (Pino Donaggio, Vito Pallavicini, Vicki Wickham, Simon Napier-Bell) - 2:35
* "The More I See You" (Harry Warren, Mack Gordon) - 2:48
* "No More Blues (Chega de Saudade)" (Antônio Carlos Jobim, Vinícius de Moraes) - 2:24
* "Message to Michael" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) - 2:42
* "(You're My) Soul and Inspiration" (Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil) - 2:38

## Personnel

* Chet Baker - flugelhorn
* The Carmel Strings
* Harry Betts, Julian Lee - arranger, conductor
# Willard Bartlett

Willard Bartlett (October 14, 1846 – January 17, 1925) was an American jurist. He was Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals.

## Biography

Bartlett was born in Uxbridge, Massachusetts, the son of William Osborne Bartlett and Agnes E. H. Willard. His brother was Congressman Franklin Bartlett. He attended Columbia College, graduating with a B.A. While there, he was a member of the Fraternity of Delta Psi (aka St. Anthony Hall). He then received a LL.B. from New York University in 1868. He practiced law in partnership with Elihu Root from 1869 until his election to the bench.
On October 26, 1870, he married Mary Fairbanks Buffum. From 1871 to 1873, he was a drama critic for the old New York Sun, and later wrote editorials on legal topics and book reviews for this paper.
He was a justice of the New York Supreme Court (2nd D.) from 1884 to 1907. From 1887 on, he sat on the General Term (First Dept.) and, after the re-organization of the court system by the State Constitution of 1894, on the Appellate Division, 2nd Dept. from 1896 to 1907. In January 1906, he was designated to the Court of Appeals under the Amendment of 1899.
In November 1907, he was elected on the Republican and Democratic tickets to a 14-year term as judge of the New York Court of Appeals, and was Chief Judge from 1914 to 1916, elected in November 1913 on the Democratic ticket. He retired from the bench when he reached the constitutional age limit of 70 years, and resumed his law practice with Elihu Root. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1918.
Bartlett died in Brooklyn, New York aged 78. He was buried at the Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn.
# Scorias spongiosa

Scorias spongiosa is a sooty mold fungus that grows on aphid honeydew. It is a member of the Capnodiaceae family of ascomycete fungi. It is found only on American beech trees, Fagus grandifolia.

## Overview

Scorias spongiosa is a specialist and grows exclusively on the honeydew formed by colonies of the beech blight aphid, Grylloprociphilus imbricator. This aphid is found only on one host plant, the American beech tree, Fagus grandifolia, where it congregates on branches and twigs, creating copious amounts of honeydew that drip onto vegetation below. The large quantity of honeydew enables this fungus to grow to a large size, much bigger than other sooty mould fungi, which produce only a thin black layer on the surface of leaves. On tree trunks this fungus has been known to grow into a mass of hyphae as big as a football, but it is more usual for the agglomeration on branches or twigs to reach a diameter of about fifteen centimetres.

## Life cycle

The aphids accumulate in late summer and autumn, forming large colonies. Spores of Scorias spongiosa are borne by wind and rain and fall on the honeydew secretions found below the aphids. The first hyphal growth is straw coloured and unpigmented. The hyphae adhere to each other for short distances, diverging and re-adhering to form a loose stranded structure. Pigmentation begins to occur on the surfaces of outer strands and the stroma begins to darken. The hyphae coalesce and form mycelial strands which radiate outward and upward from the supporting structure. Flask-shaped, spore-bearing pycnidia appear on the mycelia, which have a waxlike appearance: the matrix turns from brittle to soft as it absorbs moisture. As further quantities of honeydew accumulate, the fungus grows larger until it resembles a gelatinous sponge resting on the branches or leaves of the beech tree. Fully pigmented strands in the mature stoma produce bowl-shaped pseudothecia and these outermost hyphae cease to grow. The inner strands continue growth and force their way to the exterior. Asexual conidia are extruded in a slimy matrix in liquid droplets from the pycnidia. As time passes the stroma becomes a spongy black mass and produces sexual spores called ascospores in the pseudothecia, which remain embedded in the stroma.
* Beech branch covered in beech blight aphids and S. spongiosa
* Young, unpigmented S. spongiosa specimen growing on a beech branch
* Patches of S. spongiosa growing on a beech trunk
* S. spongiosa growing on the base of a beech tree covered in honey dew
* Mature S. spongiosa stroma

## Similar species

Apiosporina morbosa appears on cherry and plum trees and their relatives.
# Yeh Hsiu-hua

Hsiu-hua Yeh (born 4 June 1977), also known as Louisa Yeh, is a Taiwanese dressage rider. She competed at four Asian Games, including the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon and the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou.
Yeh was part of the Taiwanese dressage team that won bronze at the 2014 Asian Games, which was the second time for Taiwan to win a medal in dressage during the Asian Games.
# Gene Pitney Meets the Fair Young Ladies of Folkland

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| allmusic.com | |
Gene Pitney Meets the Fair Young Ladies of Folkland is American singer Gene Pitney's sixth album, released on the Musicor label in 1964. Initially released under the title Dedicated to My Teen Queens, the album contains folk songs about young women. The album did not chart and none of the tracks were released as singles.

## Track listing

* "Those Eyes O' Liza Jane" (Aaron Schroeder, Wally Gold) – 2:23
* "Laurie" (Don Gohman, Hal Hackady) – 2:23
* "Brandy is My True Love's Name" (Atra Baer, Martin Kalmanoff) – 3:00
* "My Sali-Ram" (Johnny Mandel, Norman Sachs) – 2:10
* "Little Nell" – 3:17
* "Melissa and Me" – 2:45
* "Oh, Annie, Oh" (Gary Jackson) – 2:35
* "Lyda Sue, Wha'dya Do?" (Oramae Diamond, Jimmy Radcliffe) – 1:59
* "Carrie" (Schroeder, Gold) – 2:36
* "Hey, Pretty Little Black Eyed Suzie" – 2:04
* "Song of Lorena" – 3:11
* "Darlin' Corey, Ain't Ya Comin'" (Mandel, Sachs) – 2:03
* "The Ballad of Aura Mae" (Mandel, Sachs) – 2:18
# Steel Military (Fabergé egg)

The Steel Military egg is one of a series of approximately 50 Russian jewelled Easter eggs created under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé. This particular egg was delivered to Alexandra Fyodorovna, the Russian Tsarina, on Easter Eve of 1916 on behalf of the last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II by Fabergé's son Eugène while Nicholas II was away at the Russian front of World War I; Carl Fabergé was himself busy delivering the other Easter egg for 1916, the Order of St. George Egg, to Nicholas's mother, the Dowager Empress Maria. It is one of only ten Imperial Fabergé eggs that were not sold following the Russian Revolution and subsequent execution of the immediate Imperial Romanov family, and is now held in the collection of the Kremlin Armoury.

## Design

It was designed by one of Carl Fabergé's relatives, Gustav Shkilter, and manufactured mostly in the Putilovskii Steel Plant which was well known for the quality of its steel.

## Craftsmanship

The exterior of the egg is made of gold and steel— unlike many previous eggs, the exterior had no gemstones set in it anywhere— and was once coated in vitreous enamel, while the interior is made of silk and velvet. The egg stands on a base of jade and is supported by four steel artillery shells. The "surprise" fitting within it is a miniature painting by Vassilii Zuiev on an easel made of gold and steel. The easel is coated in vitreous enamel, and the frame of the painting is lined with diamonds. The painting depicts the Tsar and his teenage son, the Tsarevich Alexei, in heavy Russian overcoats poring over maps with eight senior Russian officers next to a tree and a pair of horses at the front of the Great War.
As such Easter gifts between the Tsar and Tsarina went, the Steel Military egg is sometimes considered banal and kitsch in its austere style and comparatively bland, mostly colorless appearance, especially once the blackened surface had been polished to resemble chrome. Much of this is a reflection not of a shift in Fabergé's artistic style or intent but rather of the dwindling resources and workmen that Fabergé still had at his disposal to create the egg— it was the last that his workshop successfully created and delivered to the Tsarina before the Tsar was deposed, the Russian government collapsed, and the nation entered financial destitution. Although Fabergé would go on to manufacture two more eggs for 1917, they would not be successfully delivered to their intended recipients and Fabergé would leave Russia for Germany in 1918, bitter and frustrated at having been paid for neither and his workshop having been completely nationalized by the Bolsheviks.

## Alterations

Originally the steel of the egg was blackened all over. Not long after its delivery, however, it began to rust and the black layer deteriorated (an evaluation of the egg done by Christie's in 1927 also noted that the artillery shells showed definite rust damage). As a result, the steel was polished to halt this process, and it is now a mirror-silver color.

## In fiction

The Steel Military Egg appears in The Strangelove Gambit, a Nikolai Dante novel by David Bishop.
# Tsang Chiu Tat

Tsang Chiu Tat (Chinese: 曾昭達; born 13 February 1989) is a Hong Kong professional football coach and former professional footballer.

## Club career

After 8 years of professional football career, Tsang retired after the end of the 2015–16 season, last played for Yuen Long.

## Managerial career
### Yuen Long

In July 2016, Tsang was appointed as the head coach of Yuen Long at the age of only 27. In January 2018, he led the club to win the first-ever Senior Shield title in 50 years.

### Lee Man

In July 2018, Tsang was appointed as the assistant coach of Lee Man, partnering with Chan Hiu Ming.
On 5 February 2023, Tsang was appointed as the interim head coach of the club after the sacking of Chan.
On 27 April 2023, Tsang was appointed as the head coach of the club. In the following season, he led the club to an undefeated record in the Premier League, helping Lee Man to their first league title.
On 3 October 2024, owing to a poor start to the season, Tsang was sacked by the club.

## Honours

Lee Man
* Premier League: 2023–24
Yuen Long
* Hong Kong Senior Challenge Shield: 2017–18
# Utz Site

The Utz Site, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 23SA2, is a major Native American archaeological site in Saline County, Missouri, located on bluffs overlooking the Missouri River. Partially preserved in Van Meter State Park, it is the site of one of the largest early Contact Native villages in the region, which was occupied by the Missouri tribe from c. 15th to the late 18th centuries, and was probably their principal village area during their first contact with Europeans. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964.

## Description

The Utz Site is located in central Missouri, north of the city of Marshall and south of Miami. It is roughly 200 acres (81 ha) in size. A small portion is in an outlying part of Van Meter State Park, whose main feature is the so-called Old Fort; the rest is on private land. It is on a series of grassy hills, roughly 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the present course of the Missouri River.
The site was first noted by French explorers, beginning with Pere Marquette, whose 1673 map placed "Messourit" Indians here. It appears to have been abandoned about 1728, around the time a French fort on the river to the north was also abandoned, as there is a distinct absence of European trade goods from after that time. The site has been known for some time, due in part to its proximity to the Old Fort's distinctive earthworks, and was first studied archaeologically in the 1940s.
The ancestral people preceding the Missouri tribe, who also lived on the Utz site, are defined as Oneota.
# Basic Medicine

Basic Medicine (Korean: 기초의학; MR: Kich'o ŭihak) is a North Korean quarterly general medical journal established in 1969 and published by the Science and Encyclopedia Publishing House (과학백과사전출판사). The journal is subject to widespread publication bias and does not meet international standards; it lacks peer review, in-line citations, and an ethical code. Basic Medicine is produced primarily for domestic distribution, although it is one of ten North Korean medical journals available in South Korea.

## Format

North Korean medical journals, including Basic Medicine, are broadly far from international standard. Each issue of Basic Medicine begins with a quotation from the ruling Kim family, a table of contents, and two to three unsigned editorials that reflect the government's positions. The following section, titled "Research Results", consists of articles filed under "General Remarks and Data", "Original Idea", "News", and "Legal Commentary". Articles for the journal include the names of the authors, but fail to include any other biographical information like institutional affiliation. Articles published in the journal rarely exceed two pages, lack abstracts, and rarely make use of tables, graphs, or images, which are commonly drawn by hand.
The journal's rear cover includes various publication information, though the journal has sometimes omitted this information. Like other North Korean scientific journals, the journal does not mention any submission guidelines, an ethical code, a peer review process (though it does indicate that there is an editorial committee), or a subscription model.

## Research

The journal covers topics relating to "the basic structure and functions of the human body", including diseases, the human body, and diagnostic technologies. Research published in the journal sometimes cites Chinese or Western authors, including from the British Journal of Cancer and Human Pathology, though the journal lacks up-to-date references. While articles published in the journal include some statistics, including p-values, they largely lack any specific statistical methods and lack epidemiological indices. North Korean propaganda is a consistent feature of the journal, which is subject to widespread publication bias. The journal also lacks in-line citations and articles rarely cite more than six references.
Research published in Basic Medicine in 2013 suggested that malaria prevention efforts in the country were hurt by the rise of drug-resistant variants. Yonsei University public health professor Lee Hoon-sang noted that reports published in the journal demonstrated that the country had the ability to conduct PCR testing.

## Readership

Basic Medicine is primarily published for domestic distribution. According to North Korea's Great Korean Encyclopedia, the journal's main readership comprises medical researchers, professionals, and educators. Basic Medicine is one of ten North Korean medical journals available in South Korea.
# Pera Dobrinović

Petar "Pera" Dobrinović (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар „Пера“ Добриновић; 1853–1923) was a Serbian actor and director at the Serbian National Theatre in Novi Sad.
# Yasutaka Nagai

Hiroshi Nagai (永井 博, Nagai Hiroshi, born March 10, 1941 in Shanghai, China), better known by the pseudonym Yasutaka Nagai (永井 泰宇, Nagai Yasutaka), is a Chinese-born Japanese novelist, manga author and scenario writer. He is one of the four brothers of manga artist Go Nagai.
In 1969, he was a candidate for the Edogawa Rampo Prize for his novel Baptism of Blood (鮮血のバプテスマ Senketsu no Baputesuma), written under the pen name Baku Nagai (the onyomi reading of his birth name), but lost to Seiichi Morimura. He abandoned his activities as a writer, for a time, with the establishment of Dynamic Production. He would re-debut as a writer in 1981 with Shin Devilman (not to be confused with the manga of similar name with which he also collaborated).
When working as a comic writer, he usually takes yet another pen name, that of Hiroshi Koenji. He wrote several comics for both his brother Go Nagai and Ken Ishikawa, such as Maboroshi Panty, Haru Ichiban and Shinrei Tantei Occult Dan, among others.
# Brandon Glover

Brandon Dale Glover (born 3 April 1997) is a Dutch-South African cricketer who has played for the Netherlands national cricket team since 2019. He has also played for Boland in South African domestic cricket and for Northamptonshire and Durham in English county cricket. He is a right-arm pace bowler.

## Personal life

Glover was born on 3 April 1997 in Johannesburg, South Africa. He holds a Dutch passport through his Dutch mother. He studied accounting at the University of Stellenbosch.

## Domestic and franchise cricket

Glover made his first-class debut for Boland in the 2016–17 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup on 20 October 2016. He made his List A debut for Boland in the 2016–17 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge on 26 March 2017.
In July 2019, he was selected to play for the Amsterdam Knights in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament. However, the following month the tournament was cancelled.
In August 2020, Glover played his first match for Northamptonshire County Cricket Club, in the 2020 Bob Willis Trophy.
Glover joined Durham in January 2023 but left after only making 10 appearances for the club when his contract expired in October 2024.

## International cricket

Glover trained with the Dutch squad prior to the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier at the invitation of head coach Ryan Campbell. He subsequently began playing for Voorburg Cricket Club in The Hague. In March 2019, he was selected in the national training squad, and in June 2019 he was named in the Netherlands' squad for their series against Zimbabwe. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut for the Netherlands against Zimbabwe on 21 June 2019. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Zimbabwe on 23 June 2019.
In September 2019, he was named in the Dutch squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. He was the leading wicket-taker for the Netherlands in the tournament, with sixteen dismissals in eight matches.
In September 2021, Glover was named in the Dutch squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.
# 117

117 may refer to:
* 117 (number)
* AD 117
* 117 BC
* 117 (emergency telephone number)
* 117 (MBTA bus)
* 117 (TFL bus)
* 117 (New Jersey bus)
* 117°, a 1998 album by Izzy Stradlin
* 117 Lomia, a main-belt asteroid
* Isuzu 117 Coupé, a fastback coupé