OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vince Pennazza

Vincenzo Pennazza (born 19 October 1984) is a South African-born Italian cricketer. Pennazza is a right-handed batsman who bowls left-arm medium pace. He was born at Paarl, Cape Province.
While still living in South Africa, Pennazza played five Youth One Day Internationals for South Africa Under-19s, with his first appearance coming on tour against England Under-19s at the County Ground, Hove. His further four appearances came in the 2004 Under-19 World Cup, playing against Uganda Under-19s, England Under-19s, India Under-19s, and West Indies Under-19s. He later qualified to play for Italy, owing to his Italian heritage. His first appearance for Italy came against a Leinster Cricket Union President's XI in a warm up match for the 2008 European Cricket Championship Division One, in which Pennazza played four matches. He was then selected as part of Italy's squad for the 2008 World Cricket League Division Four in Tanzania, making six appearances. He took 8 wickets in the tournament at an average of 17.25, with best figures of 2/10. With the bat, he scored 78 runs at a batting average of 14.40, with a high score of 31. His next appearance for Italy came in the 2011 World Cricket League Division Three in Hong Kong, with Pennazza included in Italy's thirteen man squad. He played in five out of six of Italy's matches in the tournament, taking 8 wickets at an average of 30.12, with best figures of 3/72. With the bat, he scored 47 runs at an average of 15.66, with a high score of 18.
He was later selected as part of Italy's sixteen man squad for the 2012 World Twenty20 Qualifier in the United Arab Emirates. He made his Twenty20 debut in the tournament against Oman, with Pannazza making eight further appearances, the last of which came against Kenya. In his nine matches, he took 8 wickets at an average of 23.50, with best figures of 2/11. With the bat, he scored 17 runs at an average of 5.66, with a high score of 12. Italy finished the tournament in tenth place and therefore missed out on qualification for the 2012 World Twenty in Sri Lanka. In April 2013, he was selected in Italy's fourteen man squad for the World Cricket League Division Three in Bermuda.
# Zachary Selden

Zachary Selden is an American educator, author, and diplomat who served as the Deputy Secretary General for Policy at the NATO Parliamentary Assembly from 2008 to 2011. Selden is now an associate professor at the University of Florida.
Selden has also worked as an analyst in the Congressional Budget Office and as the Director of Defense and Security Committee of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.
Selden is an author on American national security, European affairs, and NATO. Selden has been a researcher and commentator on NATO expansion during different parts of his career. Selden has commented or been interviewed in different outlets across the United States and Europe on NATO expansion since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Books

* Foreign Policy Failure in the White House: Reappraising the Fall of the Shah and the Iran-Contra Affair (1993), University Press of America, ISBN 9780819190765 (Co-Author)
* Economic Sanctions as Instruments of American Foreign Policy (1999), Praeger, ISBN 9780275963873 (Author)
* NATO Burdensharing After Enlargement (2003), University of Michigan Press, ISBN 9780472130009 (Co-Author)
* Alignment, Alliance, and American Grand Strategy (2016), University of Michigan Press, ISBN 9780472130009 (Author)
# Dibo Thomas-Babyngton Elango

Dibo Thomas-Babyngton Elango is an Anglican bishop in Cameroon. He is the current Bishop of Cameroon.
Elango was born in Limbe and educated at the Government Teachers' Training College in Kumba. He was ordained deacon in 1999 and priest in 2000. He was enthroned as bishop in April 2008.
# Presidential Ambassadors for Global Entrepreneurship

Presidential Ambassadors for Global Entrepreneurship (PAGE) was a collaborative advisory group created by former United States President Barack Obama tasked with creating entrepreneurial growth in America.
PAGE was founded by then United States President Barack Obama in 2014. The prime focus of the group was to increase the business startup culture in the United States.
In 2016, Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes stepped down as one of the ambassadors of the program due to a federal investigation into some of her activities.
Other ambassadors for PAGE include former AOL CEO Steve Case, Venture for America founder and 2020 presidential candidate Andrew Yang, Shark Tank investor and founder of FUBU, Daymond John, who was appointed to his post in 2015, Mozilla board member Julie Hanna and Helen Greiner (co-founder of iRobot Corporation). Hanna and Greiner were two of the five women who were named ambassadors of PAGE at the time.
In 2018, Inaugural PAGE member and Chairman and CEO of Pinnacle Group, Nina Vaca had a day named after her in Houston, Texas due to her efforts in improving the Hispanic and immigrant community in Texas.
# Time to first fix

Time to first fix (TTFF) is a measure of the time required for a GPS navigation device to acquire satellite signals and navigation data, and calculate a position solution (called a fix).

## Scenarios

The TTFF is commonly broken down into three more specific scenarios, as defined in the GPS equipment guide:

### Cold or factory

    The receiver is missing or has inaccurate estimates of its position, velocity, the time, or the visibility of any of the GPS satellites. As such, the receiver must systematically search for all possible satellites. After acquiring a satellite signal, the receiver can begin to obtain approximate information on all the other satellites, called the almanac. This almanac is transmitted repeatedly over 12.5 minutes. Almanac data can be received from any of the GPS satellites and is considered valid for up to 180 days.

### Warm or normal

    The receiver has estimates of the current time within 20 seconds, the current position within 100 kilometers, its velocity within 25 m/s, and it has valid almanac data. It must acquire each satellite signal and obtain that satellite's detailed orbital information, called ephemeris data. Each satellite broadcasts its ephemeris data every 30 seconds with validity of up to 4 hours.

### Hot or standby

    The receiver has valid time, position, almanac, and ephemeris data, enabling a rapid acquisition of satellite signals. The time required of a receiver in this state to calculate a position fix may also be termed time to subsequent fix (TTSF).
Many receivers can use as many as twelve channels simultaneously, allowing quicker fixes (especially in a cold case for the almanac download). Many cell phones reduce the time to first fix by using assisted GPS (A-GPS): they acquire almanac and ephemeris data over a fast network connection from the cell-phone operator rather than over the slow radio connection from the satellites.
The TTFFs for a cold start is typically between 2 and 4 minutes, a warm start is 45 seconds (or shorter), and a hot start is 22 seconds (or only a few seconds). In older hardware where satellite search is slower, a cold start may take more than the full 12.5 minutes.
# Yo No Sé Qué Me Pasó

"Yo No Sé Que Me Pasó" ("I Do Not Know What Happened To Me") is a song written, produced and performed by Mexican singer-songwriter Juan Gabriel. It was released in 1986 as the first single from his studio album Pensamientos. This song deals with the end of a love relationship, falling out of love. It peaked at number-one in the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart on September 13, 1986, being the second song to do so, replacing "La Guirnalda", another song written by Gabriel; however, in the printed version of the same chart, the song is recognized as the first song ever to top the chart. "Yo No Sé Qué Me Pasó" has been covered by Rocío Dúrcal, Pedro Fernández and Julio Preciado.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1986) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot Latin Tracks | 1 |
# Costa Rica at the 2008 Summer Olympics

Costa Rica competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, People's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24, 2008. Eight Costa Rican athletes competed in five sports. The country did not win any medals at these Games.

## Athletics
### Key

* Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Nery Brenes | 400 m | 45.36 | 1 Q | 44.94 | 4 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Allan Segura | 20 km walk | — | — | — | — | 1:27:10 | 39 |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank |
| Gabriela Traña | Marathon | 2:53:45 | 68 |

## Cycling
### Road

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Henry Raabe | Men's road race | Did not finish | Did not finish |

### Mountain biking

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Federico Ramírez | Men's cross-country | LAP (5 laps) | 47 |

## Swimming
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Mario Montoya | 200 m freestyle | 1:52.19 NR | 50 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Marianela Quesada | 50 m freestyle | 28.11 | 47 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Taekwondo

| Athlete | Event | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Repechage | Bronze Medal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Kristopher Moitland | Men's +80 kg | Cha D-M (KOR) L (−2)–1 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Irgashev (UZB) L 5–6 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Viktoria (Maria Mena album)

Viktoria is the fifth studio album by Norwegian singer-songwriter Maria Mena. Like Cause and Effect, Viktoria is also produced by Martin Sjølie.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Maria Mena and Martin Sjølie

## Singles

* "This Too Shall Pass" (2011)
* "Homeless" (2011)
* "Viktoria" (2011)
* "A Stranger to Me" (2011): due to large requests from fans, the formerly Germany exclusive song was also released as a single in other countries.

## Charts

Chart performance for Viktoria :
| Chart (2011–2012) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 29 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 18 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 17 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 2 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 13 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Norway (IFPI Norway) | Gold | 15,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||
# Zachary Smith

Zachary Smith (or other forms such as Zac, Zach, Zack) may refer to:

## People
### Arts and entertainment

* Armistead Burwell Smith IV, also known as Zach Smith, American rock musician with Three Mile Pilot and Pinback
* Zachary Smith (guitarist), American rock guitarist with The Loud Family, The Flying Monkeys, and Power13
* Zachary Dylan Smith (born 1994), American actor
* Zack Smith, American rock guitarist and songwriter with Scandal (American band)
* Zak Smith (born 1976), American artist and alternative porn star
* Zachary Cole Smith (born 1984), American musician, model and music video director

### Characters

* Zac Smith (Shortland Street), a fictional character on the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street
* Zacharias Smith, a fictional character from the Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling
* Zachary Smith, a fictional character originated by Jonathan Harris on the TV series Lost in Space

### Military and industry

* Zach "Hoeken" Smith, a co-founder of RepRap and MakerBot
* Zachary D. Smith (1990–2010), a U.S. Marine Lance Corporal killed in Afghanistan, memorialized by Zachary Smith Post Office
* Zachary Smith Reynolds (1911–1932), American amateur aviator and tobacco industry heir

### Sports

* Zac Smith (born 1990), Australian-rules footballer
* Zack Smith (born 1988), Canadian ice hockey player
* Zach Smith (American football) (born 1998), American football quarterback

## Places

* Zachary Smith Post Office, in Hornell, New York
# Ezra Martinson

Ezra Douglas Martinson, MBE was an Anglican bishop in Africa in the third quarter of the 20th century.

## Education

Martinson was educated at King's College London.

## Career summary

* ordained deacon, 1915
* ordained priest, 1916
* Priest Diocese of Accra, 1915–1937
* Archdeacon of Sedonki
* Archdeacon of Kumasi
* Assistant Bishop of Accra, 1951–1963

## Honours

Martinson was awarded the MBE for services to education in 1943.
# La Douay railway station

La Douay railway station (French: Gare de La Douay) is a railway station in the municipality of Orsières, in the Swiss canton of Valais. It is located on the standard gauge Martigny–Orsières line of Transports de Martigny et Régions.

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at La Douay:
* Regio: hourly service between Sembrancher and Orsières.
# Presidential Award

The Presidential Award is a decoration established by President Siaka Stevens to honour Sierra Leoneans in recognition of "diligent and dedicated services" to Sierra Leone.

## History

The medal was established in 1972 by President Siaka Stevens, and ranks below the Orders of the Republic and the Rokel. It is awarded in gold and silver classes.
A ceremony where the President of Sierra Leone presents the insignia takes place annually on Independence Day, 27 April.

## Notable recipients
### Gold

* Ahmadiyya Mission, 2013
* Alhaji Alie Menjor Sesay, 2014 – Trade.
* Alhaji Alusine Largbo, 2014 – Trade.
* Alari Francess Shaw, 2014 – Government.
* Brima Mazola Kamara
* Catholic Relief Services (CRS), 2013
* Combined Artists Wan Pot Comedians, 2013
* Cordelia Jean Marian Sankoh – Music.
* Edmund Foday Kabba, 2013
* Emmerson Bockarie, 2013
* Ernestine Constance Omorlade Macaulay, 2014 – Civil Service and the Public Sector.
* ENCISS (Enhancing the Interface between State & Civil Society), 2013
* Fatmata Juliet Tarawally, 2014 – Judiciary.
* Hassan Michael Gibateh, 2014 – Education.
* Isatu Ashmao Daramy, 2014 – Diplomacy.
* Kadiatu Conteh – Trade.
* Kelvin Doe, 2013
* Marian Mackie Scott, 2014 – Music.
* Mariatu Kargbo, 2014 – Culture.
* Mildred Abioseh Solomon, 2014 – Judiacy.
* Michael Ngegba, 2014 – Fisheries.
* Mohamed Momodu Bangura, 2014 – Railway work.
* Mohamed Kallon, 2013
* Momoh Bangura, 2013 – Assistant Superintendent of the Sierra Leone Police Force.
* Momoh Mohamed Kamara, 2014 – Artisan industry.
* Nabie Dumbuya, 2014 – Philanthropy.
* Prince Kuti-George, 2013
* Princess Modupeh Pearce, 2013
* Sherene Ranasinghe, 2014 – Diplomacy.
* Sue Ray, 2014 – Aviation.
* The Single Leg Amputee Sports Association (SLASA) – Amputee Sports.
* Umaru Bangura, 2017
* UN Women, 2015

### Silver

* Aaron Aiah Boima, 2014 – Trade.
* Abdul Hakin Hamid, 2014 – Nation Fire Force.
* Abdulair Fornah, 2014 – Sierra Leone High Commission UK.
* Alimamy Morlai bangura, 2014 – National Fire Force.
* Brima Kamara, 2014 – Civil Service.
* Brima Mazzola Kamara, 2018 – for contributions to athletics.
* Fatmara Binta Kabba, 2014 – Civil service.
* Haja Ya Alimamy Conteh, 2013
* Janday Momoh, 2013
* Margaret Charley, 2013
* Millicent Rhodes, 2013
* Mohamed A. Nabay – Trade and vocational education.
* Salamatu Kamara – Fishery.
* Sgt. (Rtd.) Daniel F. Kargbo, 2013 – RSLAF.
* Wilhemina John, 2013
# Yicai (prince)

Yicai (Chinese: 奕綵, 20 April 1820 - 21 February 1866) was Qing dynasty imperial prince as a biological son of Mianzhi, Prince Yishun of the Second Rank and the third in Prince Qing peerage as an adoptive son of Mianmin.

## Life

Yicai was born on 20 April 1820 to lady An, Mianzhi's mistress. In 1836, he was adopted as Mianmin's son as all children of the prince Qingliang of the Second Rank died prematurely. Shortly after the adoption, Yicai inherited Mianmin's title because the peerage was neither promoted to the first rank nor granted a status of qinwang. The promotional ceremony was held at the New Year (除夕夜). Around 1842, Yicai was accused of accepting bribes from officials. Daoguang Emperor issued a decree imprisoning him at the Imperial Clan Court together with consorts for further investigation. His mother was punished by deprivation of her allowance. As the accusations were confirmed, Yicai was stripped of his title. The title was later passed to Yikuang, who was finally promoted to the prince of the first rank in 1889.
Yicai did not recover the previous title. Nevertheless, he was not granted red girdles because of his later deeds. In 1855, he falsely reported that his elder brother Yiyin guarded the Western Qing tombs. He was relocated to the capital and died on 21 February 1866.

## Family

Yicai was initially married to lady Irgen Gioro and later married lady Ulanghan, daughter of Tuo'enduo (拖恩多).
* Primary consort, of the Irgen Gioro clan (嫡福晋 伊尔根觉罗氏)
* Second Primary consort, of the Ulanghan clan (继福晋 乌朗罕氏, d.1867)
** Zaiju (载钜, 1845–1847), third son
** Zaidi (载棣, 1849–1872), fifth son
** Zaipang (载庞, 1854-?), sixth son. Married lady Irgen Gioro, lady Bai and had issue (4 sons)
* Mistress, of the Wang clan (庶福晋 王氏)
* Mistress, of the Xu clan (庶福晋 许氏)
* Mistress of the Li clan (庶福晋 李氏)
** Zaixian (载铣, 1842–1886), first son. Married lady Ezhuo and had issue (2 sons, including Puzhai and Puyi)
** Zaichong (载冲), second son
* Mistress, of the Liu clan (庶福晋 刘氏)
** Zai'ao (载鏊, 1846–1884), fourth son. Married lady Ligiya.
* Mistress, of the Chen clan (庶福晋 陈氏)
# Weisz–Prater criterion

The Weisz–Prater criterion is a method used to estimate the influence of pore diffusion on reaction rates in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. If the criterion is satisfied, pore diffusion limitations are negligible. The criterion is
$N_{W-P}={\dfrac {{\mathfrak {R}}R_{p}^{2}}{C_{s}D_{eff}}}\leq 3\beta$ Where ${\mathfrak {R}}$ is the reaction rate per volume of catalyst, $R_{p}$ is the catalyst particle radius, $C_{s}$ is the reactant concentration at the particle surface, and $D_{eff}$ is the effective diffusivity. Diffusion is usually in the Knudsen regime when average pore radius is less than 100 nm. For a given effectiveness factor,$\eta$, and reaction order, n, the quantity $\beta$ is defined by the equation: $\eta ={\dfrac {3}{R_{p}^{3}}}\int _{0}^{R_{p}}[1-\beta (1-r/R_{p})^{n}]r^{2}\ dr$ for small values of beta this can be approximated using the binomial theorem: $\eta =1-{\dfrac {n\beta }{4}}$ Assuming $\eta =0.95$ with a reaction order $n=2$ gives value of $\beta$ equal to 0.1. Therefore, for many conditions, if $N_{W-P}\leq 0.3$ then pore diffusion limitations can be excluded.
# Embassy of Algeria, London

The Embassy of Algeria in London is the diplomatic mission of Algeria in the United Kingdom. It was formerly located in Holland Park opposite the Embassy of Ukraine; however, it moved to 1 & 3 Riding House Street, Fitzrovia in 2012.
Algeria also maintains a Consulate at 5 Portal way North Acton, London W3 6RT

## List of ambassadors

* 1963 to : Muhammad Kellou
* 1964 to 1965: Laroussi Khalifa
* 1965 to 1971: None (diplomatic relations broken)
* 1971 to 1979: Lakhdar Brahimi
* 1979 to 1982: Abdelkrim Benmahmoud
* 1982 to 1984: Redha Malek
* 1984 to 1988: Ahmed Laïdi
* 1989 to ?: Abdelkrim Gheraieb
* 1992 to 1994: Ali Lakhdari
* 1994 to 1996: Amar Bendjama
* 1996 to 2000: Ahmed Benyamina
* 2001 to 2004: Ahmed Attaf
* 2005 to 2010: Mohamed Salah Dembri
* 2010 to 2019: Amar Abba
* 2019 to now : Abderrahmane Benguerrah

## Gallery

* Plaque outside the embassy in English
* Plaque outside the embassy in Arabic
* The former embassy building in Holland Park
* The former Consulate at Hyde Park Gate
# Maurus Xaverius Herbst

Maurus Xaverius Herbst or Florian Johann Friedrich Herbst (14 September 1701 – 4 April 1757) was a German Benedictine abbot.
Herbst was born in Pleinfeld to Franz Herbst (died 1731) and Anna Maria Clara Herbst (née Gulden). In 1704 his home town of Pleinfeld was under French occupation during the Spanish War of Succession. When the imperial troops, who had been quartered in the village, had to retreat, one of the soldiers took the young Herbst with them. He returned to his family three days later.
On 24 September 1742 Herbst was elected abbot of Plankstetten Abbey and he was consecrated on 30 September. He died on 1757 in Abenberg during an exorcism. He was buried at Plankstetten Abbey.
After him, a kindergarten and a street were named his home town of Pleinfeld and a street in Plankstetten. In the diocese of Eichstätt, there is a veneration of saints around Maurus Xaverius, as he is attributed several healings. His feast day is 4 April.
# Vincentia

Vincentia may refer to:

## Places

* Vincentia, New South Wales, town in Australia
* Vicentina, Brazil
* Vicenza, city in northern Italy

## Organisms

* Vincentia (fish), a genus of fishes
* Vincentia, junior synonym of the plant genus Grewia
# ZP2

Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZP2 gene.

## Function

The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte and early embryo. It is composed primarily of three (mouse) or four (human) glycoproteins (ZP1-4) with various functions during fertilization and preimplantation development. The protein encoded by this gene is a structural component of the zona pellucida and functions in secondary binding and penetration of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. The nascent protein contains a N-terminal signal peptide sequence, a conserved ZP domain, a consensus furin cleavage site, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. It is hypothesized that furin cleavage results in release of the mature protein from the plasma membrane for subsequent incorporation into the zona pellucida matrix. However, the requirement for furin cleavage in this process remains controversial based on mouse studies.
The sperm-binding domain on the ZP2 protein is necessary in both humans and mice for oocyte-sperm recognition and penetration of the zona pellucida. It is also responsible for the primary block to polyspermy in mammals. The oocyte has cortical granules peripherally located under the cortex that contain a proteolytic protein called ovastacin. After the sperm binds to ZP2, the cortical granules are exocytosed releasing ovastacin into the perivitelline space. Ovastacin cleaves ZP2 at the N terminus, preventing more sperm from binding and penetrating the oocyte, thus hardening the zona pellucida. Ovastacin is only found in oocytes, and is part of the astacin family of metalloendoproteases. Female mice engineered without ovastacin showed that ZP2 was not cleaved after fertilization.

## 3D structure

The crystal structure of the sperm-binding domain of ZP2 at 0.95 Å resolution (PDB: 5II6​) showed that is shares the same ZP-N fold first identified in structures of ZP3 (PDB: 3D4C, 3D4G, 3EF7, 3NK3, 3NK4​). This provided experimental evidence for the suggestion that the N-terminal region of ZP2 consists of three ZP-N repeats and revealed that - despite insignificant sequence identity - ZP2 is structurally similar to VERL, the vitelline envelope receptor for egg lysin of the mollusk abalone (PDB: 5II4, 5II5, 5MR2, 5IIC, 5IIA, 5IIB, 5MR3​). This established a link between invertebrate and vertebrate fertilization by suggesting that, despite being separated by 600 million years of evolution, mollusk and human use a common protein fold to interact with sperm.