OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stuart Reid (Scottish historical writer)

Stuart Reid (born 1954, Aberdeen, Scotland) is a writer, analyst and former soldier. A writer on, mainly, military history, his 2007 book The Secret War for Texas won the 2008 Summerfield G. Roberts Award awarded by the Sons of the Republic of Texas.

## Selected works

* Killiecrankie, 1689: First Jacobite Rising (Partizan Press, 1989)
* King George's Army, 1740-93, Vol. 2 (Osprey, 1995)
* All the King's Armies: a military history of the English Civil War (1998)
* Scots Armies of the English Civil War (Osprey, 1999)
* Wellington's Army in the Peninsula 1809-14 (Osprey, 2004)
* Dunbar 1650: Cromwell's Most Famous Victory (Osprey, 2004)
* Quebec 1759 : the battle that won Canada. Oxford: Osprey. 2003. ISBN 1855326051.
* Redcoat officer : 1740-1815. Oxford, U.K.: Osprey Pub. 2002. ISBN 1841763799.
* King George's Army 1740-93. London: Osprey. 1995. ISBN 1855325659.
* Queen Victoria's Highlanders. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. 2011. ISBN 978-1-78096-246-7.
* Battles of the Scottish Lowlands (Battlefield Britain)
* Cumberland's Culloden Army 1745-46 (Osprey, 2012)
* Crown Covenant and Cromwell: The Civil Wars in Scotland 1639 - 1651 (Frontline Books, 2012)
* Sheriffmuir 1715 (Frontline Books, 2014)
# Sonnhild Kestler

Sonnhild Kestler (born 1963 in Germany, grew up in Zürich, Switzerland) is a Swiss textile designer. She was awarded the Schweizer Grand Prix Design in 2010 for her life's work. Her work was exhibited at the Museum of Design, Zurich in 2011. With the block printing method Kestler creates intricate textiles in limited series.

## Life and work

Between 1981 and 1985, Sonnhild Kestler studied textile design at the Schule für Gestaltung Zürich, the school for applied arts in Zurich. Since 1985, she has been working as an independent designer, for labels such as «Pink Flamingo», «Apropos» und «Sourire enSoie». Temporarily, she also worked as an illustrator and set designer for films. In 1988, together with Karin Wälchli, she opened her own studio, with a fabric printing shop. At the same time she opened the store Georg Couture with designer Matthias Georg in Zürich, where she sold her first pieces. To this day, she runs a one-woman textile manufacturing company.
Kestler manufactures her products at the block printing company and design label she founded in 1996: S.K. Hand-Druck, Zurich. Her products mainly consist of shawls, scarves, foulards, but also include terry linen, woven wool, and cotton scarves and accessories. Her works are inspired by folk art, the folklore of Eastern Europe, Asian art, traditional Indian textiles, and everyday culture. The designs are created in a collage technique: individual pictorial elements printed on paper, combined in variations over and over again before the images are manually screen-printed onto fabric. Her products are mostly made in Switzerland: for example, her scarves and foulards are spun in Appenzell. Only the embroideries are made in India and the crochet lace in Turkey. The textile designer creates small series that are sold exclusively at «Thema Selection».

## Awards

In 2010, Kestler was awarded the Grand Prix Design, which is endowed with 40'000 CHF. The Federal Office of Culture has been awarding this prize since 2007 to recognize Swiss designers or design studios that make a significant contribution to the reputation of Swiss design at national and international levels.
# Uhrig

Uhrig is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Michelle Uhrig (born 1996), German speed skater
* Peter Uhrig (born 1965), German lightweight rower
* Robert Uhrig (1903–1944), German communist and resistance fighter against National Socialism
* Romina Uhrig (born 1988), Argentine politician
# Zevender

Zevender is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the municipality of Lopik, 2 km northeast of Schoonhoven. A part of Zevender has become a neighbourhood of Schoonhoven.
Zevender was a separate municipality from 1817 to 1857, when it was merged with Willige Langerak.
It was first mentioned in 1247 as Zeuendre. The etymology is unclear. The postal authorities have placed it under Lopik. There are no place name signs. There used to be a castle in Zevender. It was besieged in 1300 and 1304, but burnt down in 1518. In 1540, Charles V ordered the removal of the ruins. In 1840, Zevender was home to 129 people.
# Giovanna Sandri

Giovanna Sandri (1923–2002) was an Italian visual poet, associated with the Italian Neo-Avant-Garde movement. Her career started in the 1960s using dry transfer lettering.
Her work is included in the book Women in Concrete Poetry: 1959-1979 ISBN 978-1734489729. Her 1969 work Capitolo zero can be found in the Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona. Her artist's books are in the collection of the National Museum of Women in the Arts.
Sandri's work was included in the 59th Venice Biennale.
# Stuart Rennie

Stuart Rennie (born 24 April 1947) is a Scottish former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Rennie is best known for his time at Motherwell from 1973 and 1979 where he made 174 appearances and also had spells with Falkirk and Ayr United.
# Sorbus pinnatifida

Sorbus pinnatifida may refer to two different plant species:
* Sorbus pinnatifida Düll, a synonym for Hedlundia thuringiaca, the German service tree
* Sorbus pinnatifida Hartig, a synonym for Hedlundia hybrida, the Finnish whitebeam
# Radiometer

A radiometer or roentgenometer is a device for measuring the radiant flux (power) of electromagnetic radiation. Generally, a radiometer is an infrared radiation detector or an ultraviolet detector. Microwave radiometers operate in the microwave wavelengths.
While the term radiometer can refer to any device that measures electromagnetic radiation (e.g. light), the term is often used to refer specifically to a Crookes radiometer ("light-mill"), a device invented in 1873 in which a rotor (having vanes which are dark on one side, and light on the other) in a partial vacuum spins when exposed to light. A common misbelief (one originally held even by Crookes) is that the momentum of the absorbed light on the black faces makes the radiometer operate. If this were true, however, the radiometer would spin away from the non-black faces, since the photons bouncing off those faces impart more momentum than the photons absorbed on the black faces. Photons do exert radiation pressure on the faces, but those forces are dwarfed by other effects. The currently accepted explanation depends on having just the right degree of vacuum, and relates to the transfer of heat rather than the direct effect of photons.
A Nichols radiometer demonstrates photon pressure. It is much more sensitive than the Crookes radiometer and it operates in a complete vacuum, whereas operation of the Crookes radiometer requires an imperfect vacuum.
The MEMS radiometer can operate on the principles of Nichols or Crookes and can operate over a wide spectrum of wavelength and particle energy levels.
# Uhrik

Uhrik may refer to:
* Milan Uhrík (born 1984), Slovak politician
* Steven Uhrik, American businessman

## Other uses

* Uhrik Truckers, soccer team
# Worker Sisters of the Holy Spirit

The Worker Sisters of the Holy Spirit (WSHS) is an international covenant community in the Episcopal Church which offers women, regardless of marital status, a path for spiritual growth. It is a registered charity.

## History

The community was founded in December 1972 in the Episcopal Diocese of West Missouri by Sr. Angela, a nun in a traditional Anglican religious order who left to found an organization that would offer a rule of life for lay women who lived separately and worked in the secular world. The name Worker Sisters of the Holy Spirit was chosen due to the community drawing inspiration from the worker priests of France.

## Charism

The charism of the Worker Sisters is to nurture the "Fruit of the Holy Spirit". To support this charism, they follow a Benedictine rule of life which includes scripture study, prayer, reflection, dedication to simplicity, and participation in mission and ministry. The fruit of the Holy Spirit is identified as love, joy, peace, patience, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, meekness, and self-control.

## Membership

Membership is made up of three orders which are bound together under a life commitment to a common rule. There are also companions and friends of the Worker Sisters. Young adults ages 13–25 may belong to any category of membership.
* 1st Order: Women - lay workers and lay sisters
* 2nd Order: Men - lay brothers and lay workers (Worker Brothers of the Holy Spirit)
* 3rd Order: Clergy
* Companions: Lay people and clergy
* Friends: Lay people and clergy
# Zhou Tao (artist)

Zhou Tao (born 1976) is a Chinese artist who is based in Guangzhou. His mixed media exhibitions create urban documentaries of intimacy through the prolonged act of looking.

## Early life and education

Zhou was born in Changsha, China, in 1976. He received a BFA in oil painting from the Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts in 2001 and an MFA in mixed-media studies in 2006.

## Work

Zhou's composites from various locations are experiences that present the here and now in different regions. His videos record interactions between people, things, and situations, touching on questions about the multiple trajectories of reality. Zhou has also worked in performance. Zhou's documentary works are in fact rehearsed and costumed assemblies of everyday activity.
After Reality (2013), images juxtapose his home base of Guangzhou and the highly manicured cityscapes of Paris.
Blue and Red (2014), the heavy-metal waste contaminating industrial zones in Shaoguan, China, are compared to a military coup riot in Bangkok.
1234 (2016),
Land of the Throat (2016), commissioned for the Guggenheim Museum, a construction and urban planning site in southern China is shown with research on Mars.
The worldly Cave (2018), Exhibited with Adrian Villar Rojas and presented at Centre Pompidou, Paris it is a reflection on the tensions and breaking points that exist between human production and nature.

## Exhibitions
### Solo shows

MIT List Visual Arts Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2009);
Guangdong Times Museum, Guangzhou, China (2012);
Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art (2012);
Kadist Art Foundation, Paris (2013);
Museu d’art contemporani, Barcelona (2015).

### Group shows

Octomania (On drawing the number eight),
Para Site, Hong Kong (2006);
Guangzhou Station, Guangdong Museum of Art (2008);
On/Off, China’s Young Artists in Concept and Practice, Ullens Center for Contemporary Art, Beijing (2012);
Auckland Triennial (2013);
Landscape: The Virtual, The Actual, The Possible?, Guangdong Times Museum (2014),
Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, San Francisco (2014–15);
Shanghai Biennial (2014);
Asia Pacific Triennial, Brisbane (2015–16);
Tales of Our Time, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York (2016–17). Zhou lives and works in Guangzhou.
# Goldwater v. Ginzburg

Goldwater v. Ginzburg was a 1969 United States court ruling on defamation.

## Background

Fact Magazine (Fact) was a corporation in New York. The defendant, Ralph Ginzburg, was the editor and publisher of Fact, and Warren Boroson, a co-defendant in this case, was the managing editor of Fact. The plaintiff, Barry Goldwater, was a United States Senator from Arizona and had been a 1964 presidential candidate. The defendants testified that they attended the July 1964 Republican National Convention and were not impressed with Senator Goldwater. Thus, they decided to warn the American people in an issue of their magazine (soon known as the "Goldwater issue" of Fact) immediately after Goldwater's nomination on July 16.
The issue at hand was the article published by Fact titled "The Unconscious of a Conservative: A Special Issue on the Mind of Barry Goldwater" in the September–October 1964 issue. The magazine polled psychiatrists and asked if Goldwater was psychologically fit to serve as president. Fact used the information given from the polls in the magazine article against Goldwater, who subsequently sued Fact Magazine, Inc., Ginzburg, and Boroson for "false, scandalous and defamatory statements referring to and concerning [the] plaintiff."
Over 1,800 psychiatrists responded to the polls sent by Ginzburg. Although the responses were presented as the "professional opinions" of the psychiatrists, Walter Earl Barton, the medical director of the American Psychiatric Association, sent Fact a letter of protest that argued a valid professional opinion required "the traditional (and confidential) doctor-patient relationship in which findings are based upon a thorough clinical examination" and warned that in the event the survey was published, the APA would "take all possible measures to disavow its validity". The APA ultimately issued the Goldwater rule in 1973, reaffirming medical privacy and forbidding member psychiatrists from diagnosing public figures that the psychiatrist has not personally examined and without a person's consent.

## Court rulings

The court found that the evidence introduced at trial proved the defendants knew they were publishing defamatory statements and "were motivated by actual malice when they published the statements." The court found the defendants had libeled Senator Goldwater based on the article Fact published. The plaintiff demanded $1,000,000 in compensatory and punitive damages but Senator Goldwater was awarded $1 in compensatory damages and $75,000 in punitive damages. The compensatory damages were against all defendants but the punitive damages were split between the defendants. Ginzburg and Boroson were liable for $25,000 of the $75,000 and Fact Magazine, Inc. was liable for $50,000. The United States Court of Appeals affirmed the award and the Supreme Court denied a petition for certiorari (review); Justice Black and Justice Douglas joined a dissenting opinion, rather unusual at the time (1970) on orders denying "cert." Boroson was the only defendant not to file an appeal after receiving the ruling.
# Jacob de Gheyn II

Jacob de Gheyn II (also Jacques de Gheyn II) (c. 1565 – 29 March 1629) was a Dutch painter and engraver, whose work shows the transition from Northern Mannerism to Dutch realism over the course of his career.

## Biography

De Gheyn was born in Antwerp and received his first training from his father, Jacob de Gheyn I, a glass painter, engraver, and draftsman. In 1585, he moved to Haarlem, where he studied under Hendrik Goltzius for the next five years. He moved again, to Leiden, in the middle of the 1590s. His work attracted the attention of wealthy sponsors, and his first commission was for an engraving of the Siege of Geertruidenberg from Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange. This event, from 27 March to 24 June 1593, had been more of a demonstration of power by Prince Maurits, than an actual war, and had even attracted tourists. As a publicity stunt, the siege and its subsequent engraving were successful in propagating an image of Prince Maurits as an able general.
Around 1600, de Gheyn abandoned engraving, and focused on painting and etching. Moving to The Hague in 1605, he was employed often by Dutch royalty, designing a garden in the Buitenhof for Prince Maurice of Orange which featured the two first grottoes in the Netherlands. After Prince Maurice's death in 1625, de Gheyn worked for his brother, Prince Frederick Henry. De Gheyn painted some of the earliest female nudes, vanitas, and floral still lifes in Dutch art. He is credited with creating over 1,500 drawings, including landscapes and natural history illustrations. He produced 117 engravings for the military manual The Exercise of Armes while living in Amsterdam.
De Gheyn married Eva Stalpaert van der Wiele of Mechelen in 1595. His son, Jacob de Gheyn III, was born in 1596, and grew to become an engraver in his own right, as well as the subject of a portrait by Rembrandt. De Gheyn died in The Hague.
* 'Vase of Flowers with a Curtain', 1615.
* Engraving of musketeer from his Wapenhandelinge
* Spanish battle stallion 1603.
* Drawing in waterpaint by Jacques de Gheyn, Four times a mouse
# Brahma Temple, Khedbrahma

Brahma Temple or Brahmaji Mandir is a Hindu temple dedicated to Brahma in Khedbrahma, Gujarat, India. It is built in third quarter of the 11th century.

## History

The temples dedicated to Brahma are uncommon in India. According to M. A. Dhaky, it was built in third quarter of the 11th century during the reign of Chaulukya king Karna.

## Architecture

The east facing Brahma temple is situated in the middle of the village.
The spire, mandapa (dome) and doorway must have been destroyed which are rebuilt later in bricks and mortar. It is built of white sandstone and cement-covered bricks. It is 57 feet long, 30 feet broad, and 36 feet high. The sanctum is 32 feet wide which is navaratha in anga and hastangula in plan and is of fully decorated class. Its pitha (base), the vedibandha and the mandovara (middle part of the wall) is resemble to the temple at Sunak. The lower part of main shrine is intact and is filled with images of gods, goddesses and apsaras. These images in jangha portion are poorly retouched. The chauri-bearers on nandika are elegantly carved which are common in 11th century temples. The phansana roof resembles Vimala Vasahi temple and is crowned with a ghanta. There are images of Brahma in the niches on the three sides. The modern mandapa hall has four pillars reused from the original mandapa. They are octagonal and has carvings of bells and chains with band of kirtimukha faces on the top. The doorway can be original or the modern one. It has floral patterns and minor sculptures. The dedicatory block in the centre has Ganesha.
The interior has no ornamental carvings. The image of three-faced and four-armed standing Brahma is 1.8 m (5' 6") high. There are goose on either sides of the image. The image seems later installation or the older image plaster with cement to merge broken parts.

## Gallery

* Idol of Brahma and his two consorts Gayatri and Savitri
* Entrance
* Exterior
* Mandapa of the temple
# Stuart Reid (English journalist)

Stuart Reid (born 1943, Bradford, Yorkshire) is an English writer and editor. An alumnus of Ampleforth College, he has authored the "Charterhouse" column for The Catholic Herald, and previously served as deputy editor of The Spectator under former editor Boris Johnson, who was later elected Mayor of London.
He was highly praised in a 2022 column by Matthew Parris: ""From the columnist’s point of view, Johnson had been the perfect editor, often absent, even when present disinclined to interfere, and happy to let a thousand flowers bloom, plus a fair quotient of weeds too. His deputy at the time was an under-sung hero, Stuart Reid, a kind, scholarly and careful man, and an unobtrusively deft editor with a good eye for quality – besides being a patient clearer-up of his boss’s messes. So whenever anyone starts telling you about Johnson’s glorious reign at The Spectator, spare a thought for the man who made it possible. Indeed, whenever anyone starts telling you about any significant achievement in our Prime Minister’s career, spare a thought for the somebody-else who made it possible."
# Sorbus rosea

Sorbus rosea is a species of rowan native to Kashmir in Pakistan. It is a small tree with large pink flowers and berries, dark green leaves turning to red in the Autumn, and reddish bark with silver patches. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental.
# RNA-3'-phosphate cyclase

In enzymology, a RNA-3′-phosphate cyclase (EC 6.5.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    ATP + RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate $\rightleftharpoons$ AMP + diphosphate + RNA terminal-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and RNA terminal-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming phosphoric-ester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is RNA-3'-phosphate:RNA ligase (cyclizing, AMP-forming). This enzyme is also called RNA cyclase.

## Structural studies

As of 2010, three structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1QMH​ and 1QMI​, (un-adenylated) and 3KGD​ (adenylated).
# Umberto Ripamonti

Umberto Ripamonti (born 22 April 1895, date of death unknown) was an Italian racing cyclist. He rode in the 1924 Tour de France.
# Woodrow, Pocahontas County, West Virginia

Woodrow is an unincorporated community in Pocahontas County, West Virginia, United States. Woodrow is 5.5 miles (8.9 km) northwest of Marlinton.
The community was named after Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States.
# Styrax platanifolius

The genus Styrax has an estimated 120 species in eastern Asia, the New World, and the Mediterranean region. Styrax platanifolius is a species of flowering plant in the family Styracaceae known by the common name sycamoreleaf snowbell or "Texas Snowbell". It is native to northeastern Mexico in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas and the US state of Texas, especially on the Edwards Plateau. Styrax flowering season is estimated to be during the months of April-May. Its fruiting season has been observed to be during July-September. Styrax platanifolius thrive in more of a subhumid climate (40-70 cm mean annual precipitation, significant summer rain).

## Description

This is a flowering shrub which can grow to 6 meters. The leaves are variable in shape, generally oval with smooth, toothed, or lobed edges, and measuring 4.5 to 12 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a solitary flower or cluster of up to 7. The bell-shaped white flower is 1 or 2 centimeters long. The fruit is a hairy, spherical capsule about a centimeter long.

## Taxonomy

There are five subspecies of this plant. Some were formerly considered species, but genetic analysis suggests they are more closely related and should be treated as subtaxa of one species. The subspecies are mostly characterized on the basis of the amount and arrangement of hairs on the leaves and other parts. The Texas Snowbell is characterized mostly by its shape. The petals of the shrub are white and it hangs upside down. This shape resembles a bell and because of the color it gained the name “snowbell”.

### Subspecies

* S. p. ssp. mollis - known from the Sierra Madre Oriental in Nuevo León and Tamaulipas in Mexico.
* S. p. ssp. platanifolius - once the most widespread subspecies and now quite rare.
* S. p. ssp. stellatus (hairy sycamoreleaf snowbell) - formerly S. stellatus, a rare subspecies found along the southern edge of the Edwards Plateau
* S. p. ssp. texanus (Texas snowbell) - formerly S. texana or S. texanus, rare and federally listed as an endangered species of the United States. There are about 22 populations remaining in the state of Texas.
* S. p. ssp. youngiae (Young's snowbell) - formerly S. youngiae, occurs in Coahuila and in the Davis Mountains of Texas. Two populations were recently discovered in eastern Jeff Davis County.
* Leaves of ssp. stellatus have white stellate hairs

### Conservation Status

The texas snowbell is one of the most endangered plant species in Texas<Adams & Poole, 2011>. It can be found in the San Antonio Botanical Center . The lack of genetic variation found in the species disabled it from being able to withstand evolution which explains there are not many found today. Scientists are still trying to decide whether to keep the rare texas snowbells conserved in a safe space or to keep them in nature and allow natural selection take place to allow a new generation to emerge.