OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spring WS202 Sprint

The Spring WS202 Sprint was a Canadian homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by William J. Spring of Burlington, Ontario, introduced in 1996. The aircraft was supplied in the form of plans for amateur construction.

## Design and development

The WS202 Sprint featured a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed tricycle landing gear or conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.
The aircraft was made from sheet aluminum. Its 27.0 ft (8.2 m) span wing, mounted flaps and had a wing area of 130 sq ft (12 m$^2$). The cabin width was 45 in (110 cm). The design power range was 65 to 100 hp (48 to 75 kW) and the engine used in the prototype was a 65 hp (48 kW) Subaru EA81 automotive conversion powerplant.
The aircraft was designed to be constructed from plans and emphasized economy. The designer claimed it could be constructed for US$5000 in 1996, including a second hand Subaru engine. It was designed to be easy to convert between tricycle and conventional landing gear.
The aircraft had a typical empty weight of 670 lb (300 kg) and a gross weight of 1,150 lb (520 kg), giving a useful load of 480 lb (220 kg). With full fuel of 14 U.S. gallons (53 L; 12 imp gal) the payload for the pilot, passenger and baggage was 396 lb (180 kg).
The standard day, sea level, no wind, take off and landing roll with a 65 hp (48 kW) engine was 500 ft (152 m).
The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied plans as 1500 hours.

## Operational history

The prototype was displayed at AirVenture in Oshkosh, Wisconsin in 1996.
By 1998 the designer reported that one aircraft had been completed and was flying.
In April 2015 one example had been registered with Transport Canada to the designer, William J. Spring, although its registration was cancelled on 13 February 2013. It is unlikely that the aircraft exists any more.

## Specifications (WS202 Sprint)

Data from AeroCrafter
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Length: 19 ft 0 in (5.79 m)
* Wingspan: 27 ft 0 in (8.23 m)
* Wing area: 130 sq ft (12 m$^2$)
* Aspect ratio: 5.6:1
* Empty weight: 670 lb (304 kg)
* Gross weight: 1,150 lb (522 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 14 U.S. gallons (53 L; 12 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Subaru EA81 four cylinder, air-cooled, four stroke automotive conversion engine, 65 hp (48 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden, fixed pitch
Performance
* Cruise speed: 105 mph (169 km/h, 91 kn)
* Stall speed: 37 mph (60 km/h, 32 kn) flaps down
* Never exceed speed: 150 mph (240 km/h, 130 kn)
* Range: 400 mi (640 km, 350 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
* Rate of climb: 500 ft/min (2.5 m/s)
* Wing loading: 8.8 lb/sq ft (43 kg/m$^2$)
# Spottswood

Spottswood may refer to:
Given name:
* Spottswood William Robinson III (1916–1998), American educator, civil rights attorney, and federal judge
* Spottswood Poles (1887–1962), American outfielder in baseball's Negro leagues
* Spottswood Bolling, plaintiff in the Civil Rights lawsuit Bolling v. Sharpe (1954)
Surname:
* Alexander Spottswood (1676–1740), Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army and a noted Lieutenant Governor of Virginia
* Richard K. Spottswood (born 1937), musicologist and author from Maryland, catalogued thousands of recordings of vernacular music in the United States
* Stephen Gill Spottswood (1897–1974), religious leader and civil rights activist known for his work as bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AMEZ)
Geography:
# Sports in Washington

Sports in Washington may refer to:
* Sports in Washington (state)
* Sports in Washington, D.C.
# Spotted chorus frog

The spotted chorus frog or Clark's tree frog (Pseudacris clarkii) is a small, nocturnal chorus frog native to the grasslands and prairies of the central United States and Tamaulipas, Mexico.

## Description

Spotted chorus frogs are generally a grey or olive green in color, with lighter green mottling on their backs, and white in color on their undersides. They grow to a maximum of 1.25 inches (about 3–4 cm), with females being larger than males.

## Habitat

Spotted chorus frogs are found from central Kansas, Oklahoma, and northeastern New Mexico to the Gulf of Mexico and Rio Grande valley in Texas and Tamaulipas.
They are normally found in prairie and prairie islands in savannas. During breeding season, they can be found in temporary and semi-permanent ponds, and in marshes, shallow water-lily ponds, roadside ditches, grassy ponds, mesquite ponds, buffalo wallows, flooded fields, and other transient pools.
# Spreča, Živinice

Spreča is a village in the municipality of Živinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 631.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 400 | 63.4% |
| Croats | 198 | 31.4% |
| Serbs | 2 | 0.3% |
| other/undeclared | 31 | 4.9% |
| Total | 631 | 100% |
# Sprifermin

Sprifermin (INN) (developmental code name AS-902330), is a recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 18 (rhFGF18) analog, which is under development by TrialSpark for the treatment of osteoarthritis. FGF18 and sprifermin act via the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) family, with preferential activity via FGFR3c.

## Osteoarthritis

In 2020, Merck reported 5-year follow-up data from the Phase 2 clinical trial for knee osteoarthritis (OA). The placebo controlled, multi-center study demonstrated that sprifermin was able to promote statistically significant improvement in cartilage thickness relative to control in a dose-dependent manner, meeting the primary endpoint of the study. The findings suggested the ability of FGF18 to arrest progression to joint replacement, with 0% of patients in the high dose group progressing to Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgery over the 5 year study period; in contrast, nearly 1 in 10 patients of the high risk subgroup progressed to TKR when treated with the placebo. These findings suggest significant potential of FGF18 as a disease modifying drug for the treatment of OA (DMOAD) and warrant further clinical evaluation.
Sprifermin was well tolerated with no severe adverse events associated with the treatment. Long-term follow up showed that continual injections (up to 12 per year of bilateral treatment) may need to be sustained over a period of multiple years to prevent recurrence of cartilage loss. Improvement in WOMAC, a secondary endpoint, was met for the Subgroup at Risk. Subsequent analysis further demonstrated that a clinically meaningful reduction in the rate of symptomatic progression (WOMAC) was demonstrated in the full trial population and Subgroup at Risk by the high treatment dose.
# Spring Creek (Beaver River Tributary)

Spring Creek is a tributary of the Beaver River in Harper County, Oklahoma, south of Laverne. It is formed by the joinder of two other streams, known as the North Fork Spring Creek and the South Fork Spring Creek. Both the North Fork and the South Fork originate southwest of Laverne, just inside Beaver County. The North Fork heads northeasterly over the western Harper County line, whereas the South Fork heads east over the western border of Ellis County before taking a more north-northwesterly direction and crossing over the southern border of Harper County. The forks meet south-southwest of Laverne and just north of US-412/US-270. Spring Creek then travels generally northeast. Maps typically show the creek terminating southeast of Laverne short of reaching the Beaver, but the watershed extends all the way to the river.
The Tulsa World has reported that Oklahoma has at least six watercourses that are called Spring Creek. This Spring Creek is not to be confused with others including the Spring Creek that originates in Eastern Oklahoma and empties into Fort Gibson Lake, the Spring Creek in Roger Mills County in Western Oklahoma which feeds Spring Creek Lake, the Spring Creek that fills Lake Chickasha in Caddo County, Oklahoma, the Spring Creek that is a tributary of Cobb Creek in Washita County, or with numerous other watercourses named Spring Creek in other locations.
# St. Gabriel's RC Primary School

St. Gabriel's RC Primary School may refer to:
* St. Gabriel's Catholic Primary School, Belgrave, Tamworth, Staffordshire, UK
* St. Gabriel's R.C. Primary School, Rochdale, UK
* St Gabriel's Catholic Primary School, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
* St Gabriel's R C Primary School, Prestonpans, UK
# Ribitol-5-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a ribitol-5-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.137) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NAD(P)+ $\rightleftharpoons$ D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NAD(P)H + H$^+$
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are D-ribitol 5-phosphate, NAD$^+$, and NADP$^+$, whereas its 4 products are D-ribulose 5-phosphate, NADH, NADPH, and H$^+$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD$^+$ or NADP$^+$ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-ribitol-5-phosphate:NAD(P)$^+$ 2-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called dehydrogenase, ribitol 5-phosphate. This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
# Paul Rambali

Paul Rambali (21 February 1957 – 10 January 2024) was a British rock critic and writer. He was the father of Gustave Rudman Rambali.

## Biography

Along with writers including Nick Kent, Paul Morley and Charles Shaar Murray, Paul Rambali was one of the UK's music journalists of the 1970s. He wrote for the British music publication New Musical Express during the '70s where he published reviews and articles about several major bands, including David Bowie. He interviewed John Cale, Captain Beefheart, Frank Zappa and the Clash, then left NME and moved on to become one of the editors of The Face from 1980 until 1987.
Rambali died from prostate cancer on 10 January 2024, at the age of 66.
# Tirumala formosa

Tirumala formosa, the forest monarch or beautiful tiger, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

## Description

Tirumala formosa has a wingspan reaching about 75–85 millimetres (3.0–3.3 in). The uppersides of the forewings are black with several white spots and a reddish-brown basal area. The uppersides of the hindwings are black, with a series of small white spots and a large hyaline basal area. The body is black with white spots. The undersides of the wings are similar to the uppersides, but the colours are paler.
This species is mimicked (Batesian mimicry) by the Kenyan forms of the regal swallowtail (Papilio rex).
The larvae feed on Secamone - S. micrandra, S. platystigma, S. punctulosa, S. zambesiaca and Periploca linearifolia.

## Distribution

Tirumala formosa can be found in tropical Africa (Cameroon, Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania).

## Habitat

This species lives in semimontane forests, at an elevation of about 1,500–2,300 metres (4,900–7,500 ft) above sea level.

## Subspecies

* T. f. formosa — eastern Kenya - east of the Rift Valley, north-eastern Tanzania
* T. f. mercedonia (Karsch, 1894) — western Kenya - west of Rift Valley, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, north-western Tanzania
* T. f. morgeni (Honrath, 1892) — Cameroon
* T. f. neumanni (Rothschild, 1902) — Ethiopia
# Srebyrnite grivni

Srebyrnite grivni (Bulgarian: "silver bracelets") was one of the first rock music groups in Bulgaria.
The band was created in 1964 in Sofia, with founding members Valentin Stefanov (guitar and vocals), Aleksander Petrounov (bass and vocals), Troshan Vladovski (rhythm guitar and vocals) and Zhorzhan Banov (percussions and vocals). Their first works were covers of The Shadows and The Kinks, in which renowned Bulgarian pop artist Boris Gudzhunov took part as well. Later the band played a mixture of rock and Bulgarian folk music (many times in complicated time signatures); more specifically, they created a number of rock adaptations of folk songs, with which they had considerable success. During that period, they collaborated with the likes of composer Milcho Leviev and pop and rock musician Georgi Minchev. The band split in 1971.
One of the key founding members, Alexander Petrounov (vocals, bass) currently lives in South Florida. He is the founder of Petrounov Musical Instruments (PMI). PMI designs and builds 4- and 5-string basses, 5-string fretless basses, and electric guitars. Troshan Vladovski moved to North America in 1981 and lived between Washington and Canada, where his daughter Leah LaBelle was born.
# Trade (disambiguation)

Trade is the voluntary exchange of goods, services, or both.
Trade or trading may also refer to:

## Geography

* Trade, Tennessee, an unincorporated community, United States
* Trade City, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community, United States
* Trades, Rhône, a commune, France

## Arts, entertainment, and media

* Trade (film), a 2007 film produced by Roland Emmerich and Rosilyn Heller
* Trade, a trading card game
* Trade, in collective card games, is an in-game exchange of cards that doesn't produce card advantage
* Trade paperback (comics), a collection of stories originally published in comic books
* Trade magazine (also called a trade journal, or trade paper, trade publication, or trade rag), is a magazine or newspaper whose target audience is people who work in a particular trade or industry; the collective term for this area of publishing is the trade press

## Occupations and industries

* Trade, or craft, traditional blue and grey collar occupations requiring manual skills and specialized knowledge
* Trade fair (also called an expo or a trade exhibition, or trade show), an exhibition organized so that companies in a specific industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products and services, meet with industry partners and customers, study activities of rivals, and examine recent market trends and opportunities
* Trade guild, an association of artisans or merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area

## Other uses

* Trade (finance), an exchange involving a financial asset
* Trade (sports), a sports league transaction between sports teams involving the exchange of player rights
* Stock in trade, inventory
* Trade (gay slang), the straight partner of a gay man
* Trade (nightclub), a gay nightclub in London
# Turnbull Report

Internal Control: Guidance for Directors on the Combined Code (1999) also known as the "Turnbull Report" was a report drawn up with the London Stock Exchange for listed companies. The committee which wrote the report was chaired by Nigel Turnbull of The Rank Group plc. The report informed directors of their obligations under the Combined Code with regard to keeping good "internal controls" in their companies, or having good audits and checks to ensure the quality of financial reporting and catch any fraud before it becomes a problem.
Revised guidance was issued in 2005. The report was superseded by a further FRC guidance issued in September 2014.
# Sunnyside (novel)

Sunnyside is a historical novel by Glen David Gold.

## Synopsis

The novel is about Charlie Chaplin and the rise of Hollywood and celebrity during 1918.
# Walter Freitag (politician)

Walter Freitag (14 August 1889 – 7 June 1958) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and member of the German Bundestag.

## Life

Freitag was an honorary district administrator of the Ennepe-Ruhr district from 1946 to 1949 and a member of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1946 to 1950. From 1949 to 1953 he was a member of the German Bundestag. He was directly elected in the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis II Bundestag election district.

## Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.
# AGX Dynamics

AGX Dynamics (previously known as AGX Multiphysics) is a proprietary real-time physics engine developed by Algoryx Simulation AB that simulates rigid body dynamics, collision detection, dry frictional contacts, jointed systems, motors, fluids, deformable materials, hydraulics, hydrodynamics, cable systems and wires. AGX targets several domains, such as virtual reality real-time simulator applications for training and marketing; computer aided engineering and virtual prototyping; movie visual effects; and education. For education, components of AGX are used in the end-user software product Algodoo also developed and sold by Algoryx. Users of AGX simulate e.g. granular systems, construction equipment, forestry machines, mining processes and machines, biomechanics, industrial robots, ship and anchor handling processes and cranes. AGX is often integrated with 3D visualization frameworks such as OpenSceneGraph, OGRE, Unity and Unreal Engine and often also with actual hardware and control systems of the real-world version of the simulator. AGX is integrated in many 3D modeling and CAD systems, including Algoryx Momentum for ANSYS Discovery (formerly SpaceClaim).
AGX has been under active development since 2007. It usually has about 3 major releases per year.

## History

AGX is developed by Algoryx Simulation AB, a private limited company established in Umeå, Sweden in 2007, as a spin-off from Umeå University. In February 2011, Algoryx was selected for the list of Top-20 companies to represent Swedish Innovation, by the Swedish Institute, a Swedish government agency. In March 2011, Algoryx was ranked as one of Sweden's most promising young high tech companies by business magazine Affärsvärlden and tech news paper Ny Teknik. In May 2011, Algoryx was selected by Red Herring for the Top 100 list of the most innovative companies in Europe.
# Tinguiririca

Tinguiririca may refer to:
* Tinguiririca, Chile
* Tinguiririca fauna
* Tinguiririca River
* Tinguiririca (volcano)
# Bulbophyllum trigonosepalum

Bulbophyllum trigonosepalum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Tirumala ghat roads

Tirumala ghat roads are two asphalt steep natural slopes ghat roads between Tirupati and Tirumala. They are in Seshachalam Hills range in Pūrva Ghaṭ.

## Route Descriptions

Both ghat roads are double lane type, follow different paths along the hills. The old ghat road was laid in 1944, other was opened in 1974. Old ghat road route is used for vehicles from Tirumala to Tirupati and new ghat road is from Tirupati to Tirumala. The starting point of the road to go up Tirumala hills is Alipiri and it is overlooked by an immense statue of Garuda in an anjili pose. Each road is approximately 19 km in length and has more than 36 hair pin bends. It takes 40 minutes to reach top Tirumala Venkateswara Temple.

### Design

The planning and execution of the old ghat road, which winds for 12 miles over hills and dales through dense jungles and in one portion across a deep valley, 200 feet wide have been accomplished with much engineering skill and ability by Diwan Bagadur A. Nageswara Ayyar, special engineer in charge.
Ref: The Hindu. Dated: April 11, 1944.
Ref: The Hindu. Dated: May 16, 2006

## Toll gate

At Alipiri, Tollgate cum security zone was established to screen vehicles and pilgrims entering Tirumala, to safeguard the hills from terrorists and anti-social elements.
# Timeless, Live at the Velvet Lounge

Timeless, Live at the Velvet Lounge is an album by American jazz saxophonist Fred Anderson, which was recorded in 2005 and released on Delmark. It was the third live recording on Bob Koester's label made at Fred's own club, the Velvet Lounge, shortly before the original venue's demolition and a month after Anderson was honored at the 2005 Vision Festival. He's backed by long-time associates, bassist Harrison Bankhead and drummer Hamid Drake. The event was also filmed and issued on DVD.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
In his review for AllMusic, Sean Westergaard states "The whole performance is practically a non-stop series of highlights, although the title track alone might be worth the price of admission. The interplay between these players is simply amazing; improvised music doesn't get much better than this."
The All About Jazz review by Glenn Astarita notes that "On these extended workouts, the trio exposes its force with hypnotically engineered Latin grooves, African rhythms and expansive ostinatos. In addition, Anderson sets himself apart from many of his peers, navigating the avant-garde with melodic phrasings which serve as improvisational forays."
The JazzTimes review by Chris Kelsey says "Each of Anderson’s stream-of-consciousness phrases is unique unto itself. His elliptical lines move in, around, above and below the rhythm section, engaging then disengaging the rhythm and harmony with a gruff capriciousness. With Bankhead in the bass chair, this is one of the best trios going."
The PopMatters review by Daniel Spicer claims "This is breathtaking stuff" and notes that "Anderson may be 77 years old but his is a powerful, thrashing, muscular tone that’s not afraid to take risks. You get the feeling that, here in his own club, he’s comfortable enough to just blow."

## Track listing

    All compositions by Anderson / Bankhead / Drake
* "Flashback" - 14:05
* "Ode to Tip" - 16:11
* "By Many Names" - 12:35
* "Timeless" - 23:31

## Personnel

* Fred Anderson - tenor sax
* Harrison Bankhead - bass
* Hamid Drake - drums, percussion
# Titoceres

Titoceres is a genus of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

## Species

* Titoceres arabicus Breuning, 1962
* Titoceres jaspideus (Audinet-Serville, 1835)
# Tobacco (disambiguation)

Tobacco is a common plant.
Tobacco may also refer to:
* Tobacco (musician) (born Thomas Fec, 1980), American electronic musician
* "Tobacco" (Last Week Tonight with John Oliver), an HBO news satire television series episode
* Tobacco (film), a 1962 Bulgarian drama film
* Tobacco (tribe), an indigenous Iroquoian people eastern North America
* Tobacco River (disambiguation), two rivers in Michigan
* Tobacco Road (disambiguation)
* Tobacco Township, Michigan
# Todds Tavern, Virginia

Todds Tavern is an unincorporated community in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, United States, and was the site of the Battle of Todd's Tavern.

## History

Todds Tavern was the focal point of a cavalry battle on 7–8 May 1864, between the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House during the American Civil War. The tavern location on Brock Road carried the name of Charles Todd who died about 1850. According to the historian Noel Harrison's research, the Todd family sold the property around 1845 to Flavius Josephus Ballard who re-sold the property in 1869. The intersection where the tavern stood still maintains the name "Todd's Tavern". Today, there is a convenience store at the crossroads where the original tavern sat.
# Toddsville, New York

Toddsville is a hamlet located south of Fly Creek on the Oaks Creek in the Town of Otsego and Hartwick, Otsego County, New York, United States. Toddsville derived its name from Jehiel Todd, who came from Connecticut in an early day and settled in that locality. In 1790 the first mill in the town was opened in Toddsville.
# To Market to Market (film)

To Market To Market is a 1987 Australian political film directed by Virginia Rouse, who was once an assistant to Paul Cox, and starring Philip Quast.
The film was made with funding from the Australian Film Commission and Film Victoria.

## Cast

* Philip Quast
* Maureen Edwards as Valerie
* Nina Landis as Samantha