OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Soil carbon feedback

The soil carbon feedback concerns the releases of carbon from soils in response to global warming. This response under climate change is a positive climate feedback. There is approximately two to three times more carbon in global soils than the Earth's atmosphere, which makes understanding this feedback crucial to understand future climate change. An increased rate of soil respiration is the main cause of this feedback, where measurements imply that 4 °C of warming increases annual soil respiration by up to 37%.

## Impact on climate change

An observation based study on future climate change, on the soil carbon feedback, conducted since 1991 in Harvard, suggests release of about 190 petagrams of soil carbon, the equivalent of the past two decades of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel burning, until 2100 from the top 1-meter of Earth's soils, due to changes in microbial communities under elevated temperatures.
A 2018 study concludes, "Climate-driven losses of soil carbon are currently occurring across many ecosystems, with a detectable and sustained trend emerging at the global scale."

### Permafrost

Thawing of permafrost (frozen ground), which is located in higher latitudes, the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, suggest based on observational evidence a linear and chronic release of greenhouse gas emissions with ongoing climate change from these carbon dynamics.

### Tipping point

A study published in 2011 identified a so-called compost-bomb instability, related to a tipping point with explosive soil carbon releases from peatlands. The authors noted that there is a unique stable soil carbon equilibrium for any fixed atmospheric temperature. Despite the prediction that the carbon balance of peatlands is going to shift from a sink to a source this century, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models and integrated assessment models.

### Uncertainties

Climate models do not account for effects of biochemical heat release associated with microbial decomposition. A limitation in our understanding of carbon cycling comes from the insufficient incorporation of soil animals, including insects and worms, and their interactions with microbial communities into global decomposition models.
# Solar System belts

Solar System belts are asteroid and comet belts that orbit the Sun in the Solar System in interplanetary space. The Solar System belts' size and placement are mostly a result of the Solar System having four giant planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune far from the sun. The giant planets must be in the correct place, not too close or too far from the sun for a system to have Solar System belts.

## Formation

The Solar System belts were formed in the formation and evolution of the Solar System. The Grand tack hypothesis is a model of the unique placement of the giant planets and the Solar System belts. Most giant planets found outside our Solar System, exoplanets, are inside the snow line, and are called Hot Jupiters. Thus in normal planetary systems giant planets form beyond snow line and then migrated towards the star. A small percent of giant planets migrate far from the star. In both types of migrations, the Solar System belts are lost in these planetary migrations. The Grand tack hypothesis explains how in the Solar System giant planets migrated in unique way to form the Solar System belts and near circular orbit of planets around the Sun. The Solar System's belts are one key parameters for a Solar System that can support complex life, as circular orbits are a parameter needed for the Habitable zone for complex life.

## Solar System belts

The asteroid and comet belts orbit the Sun from the inner rocky planets into outer parts of the Solar System, interstellar space. An astronomical unit, or AU, is the distance from Earth to the Sun, which is approximately 150 billion meters (93 million miles). Small Solar System objects are classified by their orbits:
* Main Asteroid belt (main belt), between Mars and Jupiter, in near circular orbit, 2.2 to 3.2 AU
** Hungaria asteroids, small group, 1.78 to 2.00 AU
** Alinda asteroids, small group, 2.5 AU in elliptical orbits
** Hilda asteroid small group just inside Jupiter, 4.0 AU
* Kuiper belt large belt, 43 to 64.5 AU
* Scattered disc small group, 21.5 to 215 AU
* Sednoid (inner Oort cloud objects) small group of four or more, high elliptical orbits, 47.8 to 80 AU
* Extreme trans-Neptunian objects 150 to 250 AU
* Hills cloud a large hypothetical circumstellar disc

## Planets

Solar System planets and dwarf planets listed for distances comparison to belts. The Solar System planets all orbit in near circular orbits.
Planets:
* Mercury 0.39 AU
* Venus 0.72 AU
* Earth 1 AU
* Mars 1.52 AU
* Jupiter 5.2 AU
* Saturn 9.54 AU
* Uranus 19.2 AU
* Neptune 30.06 AU
Dwarf planets: Dwarf planets, other than Ceres, are plutoids that have elliptical orbits:
* Ceres, 2.8 AU in the asteroid belt
* Orcus 39.4 AU, Trans-Neptunian-Kuiper belt object
* Pluto 39 AU, Kuiper belt (a planet until 2006)
* Haumea 43 AU, Kuiper belt
* Makemake 45.8 AU, Kuiper belt
* Eris 95.6 AU, Kuiper belt
* Gonggong Scattered disc object, 34 to 101 AU
* Quaoar Kuiper belt object, 41.9 to 45.4 AU
* Sedna 76 to 506 AU
# Soldering (song)

"Soldering" is a song written by Ewart Beckford & Alvin Ranglin, and originally released by the Starlights featuring Stanley Beckford in 1975. Other artists who recorded it include Desmond Dekker, the Specials, and Hall & Oates. About a woman's choosiness, the title is a euphemism for sexual intercourse.
Originally a big hit in early 1975 for Jamaican Stanley Beckford under the name the Starlights (or the Starlights featuring Stanley Beckford), he is often not credited due to the lack of copyright in Jamaica at the time.
AMG's Stephen Thomas Erlewine describes Hall & Oates' cover, from the album Daryl Hall & John Oates released in late 1975, as, "fall[ing] flat," and, "reggae tinged."
# Soldat

Soldat transl. Soldier (in Danish, German, French, Norwegian, Romanian, and Swedish), plural Soldats (in French) Soldaten (in German) Soldater (in Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish), may refer to:
* Soldat (horse)
* Soldat (rank), lowest rank of enlisted men in the land-based armed forces of Germany, Austria, Ukraine, and Switzerland
* Soldat (Romania), lowest rank of armed forces of Romania
* "Soldat" (song), by Aya Nakamura
* Soldat (video game)
* Soldat Island, Australian Antarctic Territory
* Soldat Jahman (born 1979), French hip hop performer
* Soldat Ustinov (born 1960), ring name of American professional wrestler
* Soldaten (Gurlitt), opera by Manfred Gurlitt 1930
* Die Soldaten, opera by Zimmermann 1965
* Ihor Soldat (born 1991), Ukrainian football defender
* Marie Soldat-Roeger (1863–1955), Austrian violinist
* Der Soldat (Mirko Jelusich) [de], novel by the Austrian Nazi Party author Mirko Jelusich [de] 1939
* Die Soldaten (play), (de) play by Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz 1776
# Soldans på din grammofon

Soldans på din grammofon is a compilation album by Gyllene Tider, released on 3 July 2013. It was also released as a vinyl LP.

## Track listing

* Sommartider
* Gå & fiska!
* En sten vid en sjö i en skog
* Flickorna på TV2
* (Dansar inte lika bra som) sjömän
* När vi två blir en
* Det hjärta som brinner
* (Kom så ska vi) Leva livet
* Det är över nu
* Kung av sand
* Marie i växeln (Switchboard Susan), Rockfile
* Tylö Sun (California Sun)
* Tuffa tider (för en drömmare)
* Billy
* Skicka ett vykort, älskling (Send Me a Postcard)
* Juni, juli, augusti
* Flickan i en Cole Porter-sång
* Ljudet av ett annat hjärta
* (Hon vill ha) puls
* Småstad
* Ska vi älska, så ska vi älska till Buddy Holly
* Vandrar i ett sommarregn
* Faller ner på knä
* När alla vännerna gått hem
* (Henry, dansa inte disco (en 70-talsfabel)
* 45 minuter motorväg
* SOS (live, rehearsal, June 1980)
* Henry, dansa inte disco (live rehearsal, January 1980)

## Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| Sweden | 4 |
# Solidarity Breaks

Solidarity Breaks is the second solo album of the Norwegian singer, songwriter and musician Jarle Bernhoft and the first one to be credited to his new adopted name Bern/hoft. Released on Universal Music on 31 January 2011, it entered at number 2 in its first week of release, then topped VG-lista the official Norwegian Albums Chart for six consecutive weeks in July and August 2011 (charts 27/2011 to 32/2011 inclusive) and came back to occupy the top of the chart for a seventh week in September in weekly chart 35/2011. The album also charted in Denmark and in France.
Most instrumentation was by Bernhoft himself, but there were guest musicians on the album like Knut Reiersrud (harmonica), English musician Ed Harcourt, Torstein Lofthus (drums), David Wallumrød (keyboards) and Audun Erlien (bass) and Kwame Ogoo (vocals). Fred Ball produced the album, with Steve Fitzmaurice on the mixing. "Choices" was the main single release from the album that also included the immensely popular Bernhoft cover of Tears for Fears classic hit "Shout".

## Track list

* "Sing Hello and Some More" (4:25)
* "Choices" (3:47)
* "Stay with Me" (4:22)
* "Good Intentions" (3:59)
* "Cmon Talk" (3:41)
* "A Bad Place to Reside" (1:54)
* "Control" (3:34)
* "Space in My Heart" (4:59)
* "Prophet" (4:36)
* "Shout" (3:53)
* "Buzz Aldrin" (5:11)

### Special edition

A special edition was released including four live bonus tracks:
* "The Light" (live)
* "In Tangerine" (live)
* "Choices" (live)
* "Cmon talk" (live)

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| Danish Albums (Hitlisten) | 29 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 64 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 1 |
# Solarium

Solarium may refer to:
* A sunroom, a room built largely of glass to afford exposure to the sun
* A terrace (building) or flat housetop
* The Solarium Augusti, a monumental meridian line (or perhaps a sundial) erected in Rome by Emperor Augustus
* A tanning bed or tanning booth, non-medical devices that emit ultraviolet light for the purpose of creating a cosmetic tanning of the skin
* Solarium (constellation), a former constellation
* Solarium (myrmecology), an earthen structure constructed by certain ants for the purpose of brood incubation
* Solarium, a PHP client for interacting with Apache Solr
* Project Solarium, an Eisenhower administration initiative to analyze policy towards the Soviet Union
* Cyberspace Solarium Commission, which works to establish policy solutions to prevent and prepare against cyber attacks.
# Solwold

Solwold is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Austin Aries (born 1978), ring name of American professional wrestler and voice actor Daniel Healy Solwold
* Mike Solwold (born 1977), American football player
# Somaliland Civil War

Somaliland Civil War may refer to :
* Somaliland War of Independence (1981-1991)
* Somali civil war (2009–present)
* Puntland–Somaliland dispute (1998–present)
* Las Anod conflict (2023–present)
# Something More (Sugarland song)

"Something More" is a song written and recorded by American country music group Sugarland. It was released in April 2005 as the second single from their debut album Twice the Speed of Life. Like its predecessor "Baby Girl", "Something More" was a number 2 hit on the Hot Country Songs charts for 5 weeks.

## Music video

A music video was released for the song, directed by Paul Boyd. In the video, the members of Sugarland are seen driving down a dirt road in a Cadillac. It breaks down and they stand around the smoking vehicle performing the song, until a truck drives up, and Nettles alone hops into the back. Nettles continues hitch-hiking while on the dirt road, getting on a motorcycle and in a station wagon. Throughout this, scenes of Nettles on a beach at sunset are mixed in.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2005) | Peak position |
| Canada Country (Radio & Records) | 1 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 2 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 35 |
| US Billboard Pop 100 | 69 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2005) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 4 |

## Personnel

As listed in liner notes.
* Tom Bukovac – electric guitar
* Brandon Bush – organ
* Kristian Bush – mandolin, background vocals
* Dan Dugmore – pedal steel guitar
* Kristen Hall – acoustic guitar, background vocals
* Greg Morrow – drums
* Jennifer Nettles – lead vocals
* Glenn Worf – bass guitar
# Something More (Tracey Moffatt)

Something More is a 1989 photographic work by Australian artist Tracey Moffatt. It was commissioned by the Murray Art Museum Albury (formerly the Albury Regional Art Gallery) and shot in Link Studios in Wodonga. It consists of nine photographs: six colour and three black-and-white.
The series references the works of Drysdale and Namatjira.
The series is also known as "Something More #1 1989" or "Something More".
# Something Rotten (Gratz novel)

Something Rotten is the first novel of the Horatio Wilkes mystery series by Alan Gratz. It loosely follows the plot of Hamlet by William Shakespeare, but it is modernised and set in the United States.

## Plot synopsis

Horatio Wilkes visits his friend Hamilton Prince for the summer holidays. Hamilton's father just died and his mother remarried - his uncle. The Princes are very rich. They own a paper plant in Denmark, Tennessee. Unfortunately, the plant seems to pollute the Copenhagen River. At least, that's what Hamilton's beautiful ex-girlfriend Olivia says. When Hamilton and Horatio are confronted with a video of Hamilton's recently deceased father who tells them that he has been poisoned, Horatio promises Hamilton to solve the riddle. On his journey solving this riddle he stumbles across some problems. For instance one of the problems he ran into was when he needed help getting information, and clues Hamilton was always intoxicated. And when Hamilton wasn't intoxicated he was rude and antisocial or was sleeping off his hangover.

## Other editions

On March 17, 2011 a German language edition of this book was published under the title Eine Lüge ist Nicht Genug. The title was changed in Germany from Something Rotten to One Lie Is Not Enough. This edition was translated by Gerold Anrich and Martina Instinsky-Anrich and was available in both hardcover and eBook formats.
# Toussus-le-Noble Airport

Paris-Saclay-Versailles Airport (formerly Toussus-le-Noble Airport) is a regional airport in France (IATA: TNF, ICAO: LFPN) located in the town of Toussus-le-Noble, in Yvelines. It supports general aviation with no commercial airline service scheduled. French governmental aircraft are stored and maintained at the airport. It is one of the most active airfields for general aviation in France.

## History

The airport is one of the oldest in France, being established in 1907. It was used by the French Air Force during World War I and also during the early part (1939–1940) of World War II.
It was seized by the Germans in June 1940 during the Battle of France, and was used by Sturzkampfgeschwader 77 (SKG 77), a Luftwaffe dive bombing wing, during the Battle of Britain flying Junkers Ju 87 "Stukas" and later Dornier Do 17 light bombers between December 1940 and March 1941. When SKG 77 moved out, the airfield was not actively used, but remained an auxiliary dispersal airfield for several units, but not having any active units or aircraft assigned.
It was liberated by Allied ground forces about 28 August 1944 during the Northern France Campaign. Almost immediately, the United States Army Air Force IX Engineering Command 818th Engineer Aviation Battalion cleared the airport of mines and destroyed Luftwaffe aircraft. In addition, a 4000' all-weather temporary Square-Mesh (SMT) runway was quickly overlaid over the existing turf runway, being aligned 07/25. Fortunately, little battle damage was sustained, and Toussus-le-Noble Airport became a USAAF Ninth Air Force combat airfield, designated as "A-46" about 30 August, two days after its liberation.
Under American control, the Ninth Air Force assigned the 67th Tactical Reconnaissance Group to the airport which flew a variety of photo-reconnaissance aircraft until the end of September 1944. The combat unit then moved east along with the Allied lines and the airport became a resupply and casualty evacuation airfield, as well as liaison aircraft assigned to Allied headquarters in Paris. The Americans returned full control of the airport to French authorities on 8 August 1945.
On 2 January 1945, Admiral Bertram Ramsay was killed when his plane crashed on takeoff at Toussus-le-Noble Airport. He was en route to a conference with Field Marshal Montgomery in Brussels.
After the war, the military parking apron, temporary buildings, along with various aircraft wreckage were removed. The temporary SMT runway was made permanent and resurfaced (07R/25L), and a second runway (07L/25R) along with expanding ground facilities was constructed.
On February 16th 2024, France Transport minister published the notification of the name change from "Toussus-le-Noble" to "aérodrome de Paris - Saclay - Versailles"

## Facilities

The airport hosts 1 control tower, 1 fuel provider, 1 terminal and 40 hangars. It has a surface area of 166 hectares, and has 2 runways:
Runway 07L/25R - Asphalt - 1,100m x 30m
Runway 07R/25L - Asphalt - 1,050m x 30m

## Airlines and destinations

As of 17 March 2023, there are no regular passenger flights at Toussus-le-Noble.
# The Bollywood Brass Band (album)

The Bollywood Brass Band is the first album by The Bollywood Brass Band.
Of the seven pieces (of which two are also provided as remixes), five are from Indian films ("Kehna Hi Kya" and "(Ek Ho Gaye) Hum Aur Tum" from the Tamil film Bombay, "Hawa Hawa" from Pop, "Pardesi Pardesi" from the Bollywood film Raja Hindustani, and "Mehndip Laga Ke Rakhna" from the Bollywood film Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge), one ("Gur Nalon Ishk Mitha") is a traditional Punjabi melody, and one ("Loay Loay Aaja Mahi") is by Muzammal Safri.

## Track listing

* "Loay Loay Aaja Mahi" (Safri)
* "Gur Nalon Ishk Mitha" (trad. Punjab–Sagoo)
* "Kehna Hi Kya" (Rahman–Mehboob; arr. Moore)
* "(Ek Ho Gaye) Hum Aur Tum" (Rahman–Mehboob)
* "Hawa Hawa" (Ashraf)
* "Pardesi Pardesi" (Shrava–Samir)
* "Mehndi Laga Ke Rakhna" (Jatin-Lalit–Bakhshi)
* "Gur Nalon Ishk Mitha" [remix]
* "Kehne Hi Kya" [remix]

### Arrangements

* 1–3 & 6: Sarha Moore
* 4 & 7: Kay Charlton
* 5: Shyam Brass Band & Gregg Moore
* 8: Sambhangra remix by Joe Cohen & Larry Whelan
* 9: Snake Eyes remix by Sanjeve
       (Recorded at the Dairy, Brixton.)

## Personnel

* Sarha Moore — soprano saxophone, alto saxophone, percussion
* Joe Cohen — soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone, percussion
* Kay Charlton — trumpet
* Will Embliss — trumpet
* Ros Davies — trombone
* Dave Jago — trombone
* Johnny Kalsi — dhol
* Philippe d'Amonville — drums, percussion
* Nick Cattermole — bass drum, tabla, percussion
* Alice Kinloch — sousaphone
* Mark Allan — baritone saxophone
# Wilhelm Depenau

Wilhelm Depenau (1884-1952) was a German art director.

## Selected filmography

* The Most Beautiful Woman in the World (1924)
* Come Back, All Is Forgiven (1929)
* Viennese Waltz (1932)
* The Love Hotel (1933)
* Roses from the South (1934)
* The Double (1934)
* Little Dorrit (1934)
* The Young Count (1935)
* The Red Rider (1935)
* She and the Three (1935)
* The Blonde Carmen (1935)
* Knockout (1935)
* Ninety Minute Stopover (1936)
* The Bashful Casanova (1936)
* Land of Love (1937)
* Water for Canitoga (1939)
* Detours to Happiness (1939)
* The Fox of Glenarvon (1940)
* My Life for Ireland (1941)
* Street Acquaintances (1948)
* Don't Dream, Annette (1949)
* The Last Year (1951)
* Eyes of Love (1951)
# Tomáš Urban (footballer)

Tomáš Urban (born 12 May 1968) is a retired Czech football defender.
# Westminster Presbyterian Church

Westminster Presbyterian Church may refer to:
Or it may refer to individual church buildings and/or congregations:

## in Canada

* Westminster Presbyterian Church (Ottawa)

## in the United States

* Westminster Presbyterian Church (Albany)
* Westminster Presbyterian Church (Alexandria, Virginia)
* Westminster Presbyterian Church (Atlanta), led by Peter Marshall (preacher) from 1933 to 1937
* Westminster Presbyterian Church (Buffalo, New York) (1858)
* Westminster Presbyterian Church (Columbus, Ohio)
* Westminster Presbyterian Church (Dayton)
* Westminster Presbyterian Church (Devils Lake, North Dakota), listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
* Westminster Presbyterian Church (Los Angeles)
* Westminster Presbyterian Church (Minneapolis, Minnesota), NRHP-listed
* Westminster Presbyterian Church (Sacramento, California), NRHP-listed
* Westminster Presbyterian Church (Topeka, Kansas), NRHP-listed
* Westminster Presbyterian Church and Cemetery, a former church and current NRHP-listed site in Baltimore, Maryland
# Quaestoriana

Quaestoriana (also spelled Quæstoriana) was an ancient civitas (town) and bishopric in Roman Byzacena(North Africa). Quaestoriana is also a suppressed and titular see of the province of Byzacena (North Africa) in the Roman Catholic Church. The current bishop is Manuel Antonio Valarezo Luzuriaga. Its present location is in modern Tunisia.

## History

The exact location of the town is now lost to history though we do know it was a civitas of the Roman Province of Byzacena.

### Ancient Bishopric

Quaestoriana was important enough in the Late Roman province of Byzacena to become one of the many suffragans of its capital Hadrumetum (Sousse)'s Metropolitan Archbishopric but, like most, was to fade. The diocese of Questoriana was in the Roman province of Byzacena.
There are two documented bishops of this diocese:
* Vittoriano, who took part in the synod gathered in conference of 484 in Carthage that was called by the Vandal king Huneric, following which he was exiled;
* Stefano (called from the Beatus sources Stephanus, spes in Deo), who intervened at the Antimonotelite Council of Carthage in 641.

### Titular see

The diocese was nominally restored as titular bishopric in 1933. It has had the following incumbents, of the fitting episcopal (lowest) rank, except the archiepiscopal first:
* Titular Archbishop Jean-Berchmans-Marcel-Yves-Marie-Bernard Chabbert, Friars Minor (O.F.M.) (1967.04.13 – 1968.01.15) as Coadjutor Archbishop of Rabat (Morocco) (1967.04.13 – 1968.01.15), succeeded as Archbishop of Rabat (1968.01.15 – 1982.07.17), later Archbishop-Bishop of Perpignan–Elne (France) (1982.07.17 – 1996.01.16)
* Joseph A. Carroll (1968.10.04 – death 1992.02.29), as Auxiliary Bishop of Dublin (Ireland) (1968.10.04 – 1989.06.15) and as emeritatus
* Michael Neary (1992.05.20 – 1995.01.17), later Metropolitan Archbishop of Tuam (Ireland) (1995.01.17 – ...)
* Manuel Antonio Valarezo Luzuriaga (1996 – ...), O.F.M., Apostolic Vicar emeritus of Galápagos (Ecuador)