OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tidal volume

Tidal volume (symbol V$_T$ or TV) is the volume of air inspired and expired with each passive breath. It is typically assumed that the volume of air inhaled is equal to the volume of air exhaled such as in the figure on the right. In a healthy, young human adult, tidal volume is approximately 500 ml per inspiration at rest or 7 ml/kg of body mass.

## Mechanical ventilation

Tidal volume plays a significant role during mechanical ventilation to ensure adequate ventilation without causing trauma to the lungs. Tidal volume is measured in milliliters and ventilation volumes are estimated based on a patient's ideal body mass. Measurement of tidal volume can be affected (usually overestimated) by leaks in the breathing circuit or the introduction of additional gas, for example during the introduction of nebulized drugs.
Ventilator-induced lung injury such as Acute lung injury (ALI) /Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can be caused by ventilation with very large tidal volumes in normal lungs, as well as ventilation with moderate or small volumes in previously injured lungs, and research shows that the incidence of ALI increases with higher tidal volume settings in nonneurologically impaired patients. . Similarly A 2018 systematic review by The Cochrane Collaboration provided evidence that low tidal volume ventilation reduced post operative pneumonia and reduced the requirement for both invasive and non invasive ventilation after surgery
Initial settings of mechanical ventilation:

### Patients without pre-existing lung disease

Protective lung ventilation strategies should be applied with V$_T$ 6ml/kg to 8ml/kg with RR = 12 to 20 and an average starting target minute ventilation of 7 L/min.

### Patients with chronic obstructive lung disease

Protective lung volumes apply 6ml/kg to 8ml/kg with a rate high enough for proper alveolar ventilation but does not create or aggravate intrinsic Positive End-Expiry Pressure (PEEP).

### Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Protective lung ventilation strategies apply. V$_T$ 6 to 8 ml/kg or as low as 5 ml/kg in severe cases. Permissive hypercapnia can be employed in an attempt to minimize aggressive ventilation leading to lung injury. Higher PEEPs are often required however not all ARDS patients require the same PEEP levels. Patient should be started on 6 ml/kg and PEEP increased until plateau pressure is 30 cm H$_2$0 in most severe cases.
# Tightrope Pictures

Tightrope Pictures is a British television production company, founded in late 2003 by writer Paul Abbott and producer Hilary Bevan-Jones, who had worked together that year on the successful BBC drama serial State of Play. The company has been responsible for several high-profile drama productions for the BBC, including the Richard Curtis-written The Girl in the Café (BBC One, 2005) and an adaptation of William Golding's novel To the Ends of the Earth (BBC Two, 2005).
# Tillandsia diguetii

Tillandsia diguetii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Tillandsia. This species is endemic to Mexico.

## Cultivars

* Tillandsia 'Squatty Body'
# Timocratica isarga

Timocratica isarga is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Bolivia.
The wingspan is about 40 mm. The forewings and hindwings are white, beneath also wholly white.
# Ting-A-Ling

    Ting-A-Ling is also the culinary term for crushed candy cane
"Ting-A-Ling" is a 1952 song by The Clovers. "Ting-A-Ling" was The Clovers' final number one on the Billboard R&B chart; however, the group continued its chart success throughout the 1950s.

## Song background

The last surviving original member of the Clovers, Harold Winley, told NPR that "Ting-a-Ling" was one of many Clovers hits credited to a songwriter known as "Nugetre". When spelled backwards, it was a pen-name belonging to the co-founder of Atlantic Records, Ahmet Ertegun. Winley says the pen name was a joke. "He'd laugh at it," Winley says. "Nugetre! Yeah! That's me."

## Cover versions

* It was covered by Buddy Holly and released on the 1958 album, That'll Be the Day
* Holly's former band, The Crickets also covered the song (featuring Earl Sinks on vocals) for their 1960 effort, In Style With the Crickets.
* Aaron Neville covered it on his 2013 album, My True Story
# Tinazzi

Tinazzi is a surname. It may refer to:
* Fabio Tinazzi (born 1983), Italian football player
* Giorgio Tinazzi (1934–2016), Italian football player
* Marcel Tinazzi (born 1953), French road bicycle racer of Italian parents
* Pierlucio Tinazzi (1962–1999), Italian security guard who perished while rescuing survivors of the 1999 Mont Blanc tunnel
# Tobochares

Tobochares is a Neotropical genus of water scavenger beetles in the family Hydrophilidae represented by 24 described species known from the Guiana Shield Region.

## Taxonomy

The genus Tobochares belongs in the subfamily Acidocerinae. It was first described by Short and García in 2007. Since then, as more species are discovered in the seepages of the Guiana Shield Region, there have been two additional papers describing several additional species.

## Description

Small beetles (1.5–2.6 mm), yellowish brown, orange brown to dark brown in coloration; eyes entire to emarginate; maxillary palps from short and slender to very short and stout. The elytral punctation and sculpture is highly variable in this genus. There is also variation in the shape of the male genitalia and wing development. A complete diagnosis was presented by Girón and Short.

## Habitat

Most Tobochares are considered seepage specialists. One species (Tobochares fusus) has been also collected in rotten fruits away from water sources.

## Species

* Tobochares akoerio Girón and Short, 2021: Suriname
* Tobochares arawak Girón and Short, 2021: Guyana
* Tobochares anthonyae Girón and Short, 2021: Venezuela
* Tobochares atures Girón and Short, 2021: Venezuela
* Tobochares benettii Girón and Short, 2021: Brazil (Amazonas)
* Tobochares canaima Girón and Short, 2021: Venezuela
* Tobochares canaliculatus Kohlenberg and Short, 2017: Venezuela
* Tobochares canthus Kohlenberg and Short, 2017: Venezuela
* Tobochares communis Girón and Short, 2021: Brazil (Amapá, Roraima), Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
* Tobochares emarginatus Kohlenberg and Short, 2017: Suriname
* Tobochares fusus Girón and Short, 2021: Brazil (Amapá), French Guiana
* Tobochares goias Girón and Short, 2021: Brazil (Goiás)
* Tobochares kappel Girón and Short, 2021: Suriname
* Tobochares kasikasima Short, 2013: Suriname
* Tobochares kolokoe Girón and Short, 2021: Suriname
* Tobochares kusad Kohlenberg and Short, 2017: Brazil (Roraima), Guyana
* Tobochares luteomargo Girón and Short, 2021: Venezuela
* Tobochares microps Girón and Short, 2021: Suriname
* Tobochares pallidus Kohlenberg and Short, 2017: Venezuela
* Tobochares pemon Girón and Short, 2021: Venezuela
* Tobochares romanoae Kohlenberg and Short, 2017: Brazil (Roraima)
* Tobochares sipaliwini Short and Kadosoe, 2011: Brazil (Roraima), Guyana, Suriname
* Tobochares striatus Short, 2013: Suriname
* Tobochares sulcatus Short and García, 2007: Venezuela
# Toi Toi

Toi Toi is an inner suburb of Nelson, New Zealand. It lies to the southwest of Nelson city centre, inland from Britannia Heights and Washington Valley. Toi Toi is also known as Victory Village.
The population was 3,270 in the 2018 census.
Toi Toi features Victory Square and four other public parks: Emano East Reserve, Murphy North Reserve, St Lawrence Reserve and Vosper Reserve.

## Demographics

Toi Toi, comprising the statistical areas of Toi Toi and Victory, covers 1.94 km$^2$ (0.75 sq mi). It had an estimated population of 3,610 as of June 2023, with a population density of 1,861 people per km$^2$.
Toi Toi had a population of 3,270 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 210 people (6.9%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 162 people (5.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,173 households, comprising 1,668 males and 1,605 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.04 males per female, with 774 people (23.7%) aged under 15 years, 663 (20.3%) aged 15 to 29, 1,530 (46.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 303 (9.3%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 72.2% European/Pākehā, 14.6% Māori, 4.1% Pasifika, 18.7% Asian, and 3.2% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 27.6, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 52.9% had no religion, 33.0% were Christian, 0.4% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.4% were Hindu, 0.2% were Muslim, 1.9% were Buddhist and 3.1% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 420 (16.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 642 (25.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 174 people (7.0%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,191 (47.7%) people were employed full-time, 435 (17.4%) were part-time, and 117 (4.7%) were unemployed.
Individual statistical areas :
| Name | Area (km$^2$) | Population | Density (per km$^2$) | Households | Median age | Median income |
| Toi Toi | 1.31 | 1,659 | 1,266 | 615 | 34.0 years | $27,000 |
| Victory | 0.63 | 1,611 | 2,557 | 558 | 34.1 years | $25,000 |
| New Zealand | | | | | 37.4 years | $31,800 |
# Tir (demon)

In Islamic demonology, Thabr (ثبر) is one of the five sons of Iblis mentioned by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. He is a devil who causes calamities and injuries. His four brothers are named: Awar (اعور or لأعوار), Zalambur (زلنبور), Sut (مسوط), and Dasim (داسم). Each of them is linked to another psychological function, which they try to encourage to prevent humans spiritual development.
# Tokor

Tokor is a village located on the south-eastern corner of the Volta Region of Ghana, near the Ghana-Togo border. It lies at the intersection of the N1 and R10 roads. The administrative office of Ketu South Municipal district is situated at Tokor.
# Tisdall

Tisdall is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arthur Walderne St. Clair Tisdall (1890–1915), British recipient of the Victoria Cross
* Bob Tisdall (1907–2004), Irish Olympic athlete
* Charles Edward Tisdall (1866–1936), Canadian mayor of Vancouver
* E.E.P. Tisdall (born 1907), British biographer
* Frederick Tisdall (1893–1949), Canadian pediatrician
* Jonathan Tisdall (born 1958), chess grandmaster
* Margaret Tisdall (1905–1979), Irish singer and pianist known by stage name Peggy Dell
* Sarah Tisdall (born 1960), British Foreign Office clerk jailed for leaking documents
* William Tisdale (born c. 1570), also spelled Tisdall, English musician and composer
* William St. Clair Tisdall (1859–1928), British historian and philologist
# Toad notie

The toad notie (Lindbergichthys mizops), or toad notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean.

## Taxonomy

The toad notie was first formally described in 1880 as Notothenia mizops by the German-born British ichthyologist Albert Günther with the type locality given as Christmas harbor and Howes Foreland on Kerguelen Island at a depth of 120 fathoms. The type was collected on the Challenger Expedition. When the Russian ichthyologist Arkady Vladimirovich Balushkin described the subgenus Lindbergichthys he designated N. mizops as its type species. The specific name mizops means "large eyes" alluding to this fish having eyes the same size as the larger Lepidonotothen squamifrons.

## Description

The toad notie has an oblong body which is compressed towards the tail. It has dorsally positioned eyes which may bulge above the dorsal profile of the head, they eyes are separated by a narrow area which has a width less than the diameter of the eye. The pores in the sensory canal on the head are small. The mouth is small and does not extend to the middle of the eye and there are conical teeth in the jaws. The body is largely cover in ctenoid scales with non-ctenoid scales present on cheeks, gills and on the top of head behind the eyes. The first dorsal fin contains 4-5 spines, it is completely separate from the second dorsal fin which has 34-37 soft rays while the anal fin has 33-35 rays. This species grows to a standard length of 15 cm (5.9 in). There are two series of large, irregular blackish blotches along the body, these join at the midflank but not symmetrically creating a weak chequerboard pattern. There are tow diagonal dark stripes on the cheek, a blackish spot on first dorsal fin and vertical stripes on the second dorsal fin and the anal fin.

## Distribution and habitat

The toad noties is found off island groups in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. It has been recorded from Heard Islands, the Kerguelen Islands, the Prince Edward Islands and the Crozet Islands. It can be found at depths from 20 to 220 m (66 to 722 ft).

## Biology

The toad notie spawns from May to June and occasionally to July. The eggs have a diameter of greater than 1.65 mm.

## Fisheries

It is of no interest to commercial fisheries.
# Tom Barnes (American journalist)

Tom Barnes (September 1, 1946 – October 11, 2016) was an American journalist, who worked for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette as Harrisburg Bureau Chief.
Barnes, a native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, earned a B.A. degree from University of Michigan and a M.A. in journalism from University of Missouri. Following graduation, he worked for The Hartford Courant for 10 years. He began working at the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette in 1984, where he has covered Pittsburgh Mayors Richard Caliguiri and Sophie Masloff before taking the "development beat" in the mid-1990s, to cover the construction of Heinz Field, PNC Park, the David L. Lawrence Convention Center, and neighborhood development issues. In 2003, he was assigned to the Harrisburg Bureau Chief.
In 2005, he was named one of "Pennsylvania's Most Influential Reporters" by the Pennsylvania political news website PoliticsPA.
In 2014, he and his wife Beth moved to Tucson, Arizona. He died at home on October 11, 2016, from prostate cancer at the age of 70.
# Todorovići (Čajniče)

Todorovići (Cyrillic: Тодоровићи) is a village in the municipality of Čajniče, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Tom Freedman

Tom Freedman is a consultant who served in the White House as Senior Advisor to U.S. President Bill Clinton. He continues to be an advisor to President Clinton.
Freedman was also Chief of Staff for Political Strategy for the Clinton/Gore Campaign in 1996, part of a team that helped define Republican Bob Dole early in the race using a multi-million ad campaign. Freedman served as a member of the 2008 presidential Obama-Biden Transition Project on the Technology, Innovation, and Government Reform Policy Working Group.
Freedman was a policy consultant for the Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012.
Today he is the President of Freedman Consulting, a strategic and policy consulting firm, and writes on public policy issues.

## Obama's transition, 2008

During President Barack Obama’s transition, Freedman authored a chapter of recommendations for the next Domestic Policy Council in the Center for American Progress book Change for America: A Progressive Blueprint for the 44th President. Also, he wrote a chapter on ending child hunger in America with Joel Berg in the book Memos to the New President”.

## Early life and career

Previously, Mr. Freedman was Press Secretary and later Legislative Director to then Congressman Charles E. Schumer (D-NY). He co-founded with Eli Segal the non-profit organization, the Welfare to Work Partnership, which grew to include more than 20,000 companies that hired more than one million Americans off of public assistance.
A graduate of Carleton College, Mr. Freedman attended the University of California at Berkeley where he served as Editor-in-Chief of the California Law Review. In 1985, Freedman was awarded a traveling Watson Fellowship and conducted a year-long study of African famine. He has published opinion pieces in a variety of newspapers including The Christian Science Monitor, The New York Times, and The Washington Post.

## Publications

Some of Mr. Freedman's authored and co-authored publications include:
   * “Fulfilling the President’s Call: A Partnership with States to End Hunger in America by 2015” http://www.dlc.org/documents/Freedman-Shore_Child_Hunger_050609.pdf
   * “A Kindle in Every Backpack: A Proposal for eTextbooks in American Schools” http://www.dlc.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=140&subid=292&contentid=255033
   * “Hunger, Poverty, and Politics: What Do Voters Want?” http://alliancetoendhunger.org/pressroom/project-archives/documents/HMPReport2003-WhatDoVotersWant.pdf
   * “Ending Childhood Hunger in America” http://www.dlc.org/ndol_ci.cfm?contentid=254836&kaid=450020&subid=900201
   * “Helping Americans Help Themselves: Toward a National Single Stop Policy and More Efficient, More Effective Poverty Fighting” http://www.dlc.org/documents/SingleStop.pdf
   * “An Electorate Ready for Action: 10 Key Findings on Hunger” http://www.alliancetoendhunger.org/pressroom/documents/HungerMessageProject2008ExitPollReport-email-printversion.pdf
# Tokunoshima Dam

Tokunoshima Dam (Japanese: 徳之島ダム) is a rockfill dam located in Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 28.6 km$^2$. At full capacity the dam's surface area is about 63 ha and it can store 8120 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started in 1994 and completed in 2015.
# Tokuo Yamashita

Tokuo Yamashita (山下 徳夫, Yamashita Tokuo, 7 October 1919 – 1 January 2014) was a Japanese politician.

## Life

Born in Imari, and a graduate of Fukuoka Middle School (present-day Fukuoka Prefectural Fukuoka High School), he studied law first at Meiji University and then at Senshu University, graduating in 1944.
After honing his skills as a politician in the Saga Prefectural Assembly (where he eventually became speaker), he was elected to the House of Representatives in 1969 on a ticket from the Liberal Democratic Party. After that, he won reelection ten times in a row. In Yasuhiro Nakasone's second cabinet, he was named Transport minister. In Nakasone's third cabinet he was to lead the Management and Coordination Agency.
In Toshiki Kaifu's first cabinet he was named Chief Cabinet Secretary, but had to resign after only 16 days due to a sex scandal.
In Kiichi Miyazawa's cabinet he was Minister of Health, Labour, and Welfare.
Between 1988 and 2003 he was chairperson of the board of trustees of his alma mater, Senshu University.
He retired from national politics in 2000, but remained an adviser for the Saga branch of the LDP.
He died in Imari on 1 January 2014.
# Tommy Kiviaho

Tommy Kiviaho (born 27 June 1971) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey player. He played with numerous clubs during his career, HC Slovan Bratislava in the Slovak Extraliga was one of them.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1989–90 | Kiekko-Espoo | 1.div | 28 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1990–91 | Kiekko-Espoo | 1.div | 42 | 21 | 14 | 35 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1991–92 | Hockey-Reipas | SM-l | 44 | 10 | 11 | 21 | 11 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1992–93 | Kiekko-Espoo | SM-l | 48 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1993–94 | Reipas Lahti | SM-l | 48 | 25 | 12 | 37 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1994–95 | Ilves | SM-l | 49 | 6 | 15 | 21 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1995–96 | KOO-VEE | 1.div | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1995–96 | HIFK | SM-l | 41 | 16 | 14 | 30 | 22 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| 1996–97 | Ilves | SM-l | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996–97 | MODO | SEL | 10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996–97 | HC Litvínov | CZE | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996–97 | Augsburger Panther | DEL | 36 | 15 | 14 | 29 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1997–98 | Ässät | SM-l | 37 | 9 | 14 | 23 | 28 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1998–99 | Blues | SM-l | 54 | 10 | 16 | 26 | 16 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 1999–00 | Blues | SM-l | 53 | 14 | 15 | 29 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| 2000–01 | EPS | 2.div | 10 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000–01 | HC Slovan Bratislava | SVK | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000–01 | Vålerenga | NOR | 25 | 20 | 18 | 38 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001–02 | Lillehammer IK | NOR | 40 | 26 | 37 | 63 | 75 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2002–03 | Frisk Tigers | NOR | 35 | 24 | 34 | 58 | 26 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2003–04 | Frisk Tigers | NOR | 41 | 27 | 27 | 54 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004–05 | Stjernen | NOR | 34 | 16 | 16 | 32 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
| 2005–06 | EC Dornbirn | AUT.2 | 34 | 43 | 42 | 85 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2006–07 | EHC Lustenau | AUT.2 | 32 | 45 | 53 | 98 | 22 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 16 | 6 |
| 2007–08 | EHC Lustenau | AUT.2 | 32 | 39 | 51 | 90 | 41 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 8 |
| SM-l totals | SM-l totals | SM-l totals | 378 | 98 | 102 | 200 | 143 | 14 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 |

### International

| Year | Team | Comp | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1989 | Finland | EJC18 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 4 |
| 1991 | Finland | WJC | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Junior int'l totals | Junior int'l totals | Junior int'l totals | 12 | 7 | 9 | 16 | 6 |
# Tom Rideout

Thomas "Tom" Gerald Rideout (born June 25, 1948) is a former Canadian politician who served as the fourth premier of Newfoundland from March 22, 1989 to May 5, 1989.

## Life and career

Born in Fleur de Lys, Newfoundland, Rideout was first elected to the provincial House of Assembly in the 1975 general election as a Liberal but left the party in 1980 to join the Progressive Conservative government of Premier Brian Peckford in its fight with Ottawa for control of offshore petroleum resources. Rideout became minister of culture, recreation and youth in 1984 and became minister of fisheries in 1985. With Peckford's retirement from politics in 1989, Rideout was chosen Tory party leader and thus became premier of Newfoundland. One month later at the 1989 provincial election, the Progressive Conservatives narrowly won a higher percentage of votes than the Liberal Party led by Clyde Wells, but the Liberals won the most seats and Wells replaced Rideout as Premier. Rideout remained Leader of the Opposition until October 1991 when he left politics for a federal appointment as a member of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
Rideout attempted a political comeback in the 1993 federal election, running as the Progressive Conservative candidate in Gander—Grand Falls, but was defeated by Liberal incumbent George Baker.
In 1997, he obtained his law degree from the University of Ottawa, and was called to the Newfoundland bar in 1998.
In 1999, he re-entered public life, and was elected as a Progressive Conservative Member of the House of Assembly for the district of Lewisporte. He was re-elected in 2003, when the PC Party formed the government. He was appointed Minister Responsible for Aboriginal Affairs and Minister of Works, Services & Transportation (the name of which was later changed to Transportation and Works). In addition to these portfolios, Rideout served as acting Minister of Health and Community Services from September 27 to October 1, 2004. On November 8, 2005, Rideout was appointed Minister of Fisheries and Deputy Premier. In the 2007 general election he switched districts and ran in Baie Verte-Springdale, the district he had represented in the House of Assembly from 1975 until 1991.
On May 21, 2008, Rideout tendered his resignation as Deputy Premier, Government House Leader and Minister of Fisheries in the provincial government, in a dispute with the Premier's Office over road funding in his electoral district of Baie Verte-Springdale. On June 30, 2008, Rideout resigned from politics altogether, tendering his resignation as a Member of the House of Assembly.
In 2017, Rideout endorsed Ches Crosbie in the 2018 provincial PC leadership race.