OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rudolf Schöll

Rudolf Schöll (1 September 1844 in Weimar – 10 June 1893 in Munich) was a German classical scholar. He specialized in the fields of Greek and Roman legal history, classical archaeology and Greek epigraphy.
He received his education at the University of Göttingen as a student of Hermann Sauppe and Ernst Curtius, followed by studies in Bonn, where his instructors included Friedrich Ritschl and Otto Jahn. In 1865 he obtained his doctorate of philosophy. Later on, he worked in Italy and Greece (1867–70), first as an aide to Theodor Mommsen in the development of inscriptions and manuscripts, afterwards as a private secretary to Guido von Usedom, the Prussian ambassador to the Italian government in Florence.
In 1871 he received his habilitation in classical philology, becoming an associate professor during the following year at the University of Greifswald. In 1874 he was named successor to Conrad Bursian at Jena, and in 1875 relocated to Strasbourg as a replacement for Ulrich Köhler. In 1885, he again replaced Bursian, this time as a professor at the University of Munich.
Throughout his lifetime he cultivated relationships with luminaries that included Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, writer Paul Heyse, composer Franz Liszt and painter Franz von Lenbach.

## Written works

* "Quaestiones juris fiscales Attici", Berlin 1873.
* "De synegoris Atticis Commentatio", Jena 1875, (with Fritz Schöll).
* "Q. Asconii Pediani orationum Ciceronianarum quinque Enarratio", Berlin 1875, (with Adolf Kiessling).
* "Satura philologica: H. Sauppio obtulit amicorum conlegarum Decas", Berlin 1879 (initiated by Schöll).
* "Iustiniani Novellae", five books, Leipzig 1880-1895 (completed by Wilhelm Kroll).
* "Anecdota varia Graeca musica metrica grammatical" (with Wilhelm Studemund, 1886).
* "Procli commentariorum in rempublicam Platonis partes ineditae", Berlin 1886 (edition of the comments by Proclus on Plato's "Politeia").
# Outerbridge Peppers

Outerbridge Peppers is a food company based in Bermuda whose products include a range of sauces and condiments. Their flagship product is Outerbridge's Original Sherry Peppers Sauce, a traditional condiment in Bermuda fish chowder. It is one of Bermuda's few exports.

## Ingredients

The flagship Outerbridge's Original uses Spanish Sherry and cherry peppers from the United States, as well as 17 herbs and spices such as rosemary, thyme and garlic. The finished sauce ranks low on the Scoville scale with 146 SHUs, though hotter versions are available.

## History

The practice of adding chili peppers to sherry dates to the 1600s. Outerbridge Peppers was founded in 1964 by brothers Yeaton and Robbert Outerbridge. The Original formed the base of an expanded product line in the following years, including a Bloody Mary mix, mustard, and others. Yeaton Outerbridge had divested in the company by 2004.

## Uses

Sherry peppers are a primary condiment served with Bermuda fish chowder. It has also been served with terrapin soup in New Orleans.
# Pareronia

Pareronia is a genus of butterflies of the subfamily Pierinae within the family Pieridae. The species are found in Southeast Asia and are mimics of the Danainae genus Parantica.

## Species

* Pareronia argolis (Felder, C & R Felder, 1860)
* Pareronia avatar (Moore, [1858]) – pale wanderer
* Pareronia aviena Fruhstorfer, 1910
* Pareronia boebera (Eschscholtz, 1821)
* Pareronia ceylanica (Felder, C & R Felder, 1865) – dark wanderer
* Pareronia chinki Joicey & Noakes, 1915
* Pareronia gullussa (Fruhstorfer, 1910)
* Pareronia hippia (Fabricius, 1787) – Indian wanderer
* Pareronia jobaea (Boisduval, 1832) (or Pareronia iobaea)
* Pareronia kyokoae Nishimura, 1996
* Pareronia nishiyamai Yata, 1981
* Pareronia paravatar Bingham, 1907
* Pareronia phocaea (Felder, C & R Felder, 1861)
* Pareronia tritaea (Felder, C & R Felder, 1859)
* Pareronia valeria (Cramer, 1776) – common wanderer or Malayan wanderer
# Randall Children's Hospital

Randall Children's Hospital is the children's hospital at Legacy Emanuel Medical Center in Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon. Formerly Legacy Emanuel Children's Hospital, it was renamed in 2011 during construction of the new 165-bed patient tower.

## History

Emanuel started what it originally called the Children's Hospital in 1960. Ronald McDonald House Charities opened a house at the hospital in 1997. Construction on a new nine-story tower for the hospital began in 2007. The $250 million project was designed by ZGF Architects and includes the first emergency department in the state only for pediatrics. The new 334,000-square-foot (31,000 m$^2$) separate structure was built by Hoffman Construction. In September 2011, the Robert D. and Marcia H. Randall Charitable Trust donated $10 million to Legacy Health for the new facility, which was then renamed as the Randall Children's Hospital. The new tower opened in February 2012.

## Services

Randall Children's Hospital offers a variety of pediatric services including burns, oncology, dentistry, ENT, emergency medicine, eye care, orthopedics, surgical, a neonatal ICU, audiology, urgent care, sleep disorders, rheumatology, and radiology, amongst others.

## Building

The 334,000-square-foot (31,000 m$^2$) tower that houses the hospital was designed by ZGF Architects and built by Hoffman Construction. The nine-story building contains 165 private rooms, plus a day surgery area with 22 beds.
# St Luke's Hospital, Middlesbrough

St Luke's Hospital was a psychiatric hospital in Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. It was managed by Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust.

## History

The facility, which initially absorbed patients from the aging North Riding Asylum in York, was designed by Charles Henry Howell using a compact arrow layout. It opened as the Middlesbrough Borough Asylum in June 1898. It joined the National Health Service as St Luke's Hospital in 1948.
In 1980, the South Cleveland Hospital was built on parkland adjacent to St Luke's Hospital.
In November 1980 the regional medium-secure psychiatric unit was established in a modern building to the rear of the hospital called the Hutton Centre.
St Luke's was demolished in 2010 to make way for the new Roseberry Park Hospital.
# Tugai (disambiguation)

Tugai may refer to:
* Tugay, a form of riparian forest or woodland
* Tǔgǎi, Chinese abbreviation for Land Reform Movement (China)
* Theodor Antonius Tugai (1912 – 2000), better known as Teuvo Tulio, Finnish film director and actor
* Mohamed Amine Tougai, Algerian footballer
# Sivakasi taluk

Sivakasi taluka is a taluk of Virudhunagar district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Sivakasi.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Sivakasi had a population of 427,072 with 211,932 males and 215,140 females. There were 1,015 women for every 1,000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 72.65%. Child population in the age group below 6 years were 21,815 Males and 21,321 Females.

## Villages in Sivakasi Taluk

* Alamarathupatti
* Anaikuttam
* Anaiyur
* Anuppankulam
* Boovanathapuram
* Chokkampatti
* V.Chokkalingapuram
* Erichanatham
* Injar
* Kalayarkurichi
* Kariseri
* Kattachinnampatti
* Goundampatti
* Kitchanaickenpatti
* kiliyampatti
* Kothaneri
* Krishnapperi
* Krishnapuram
* Kumilankulam
* Lakshminarayanapuram
* Mangalam
* Melamathur
* Maraneri
* Nadayaneri
* Naduvapatti
* Namaskarithanpatti
* Nedungulam
* Niraimathi
* Pallapatti
* Periapottalpatti
* Poolavoorani
* Pudukkottai
* M.Pudupatti
* Rengapalayam
* Saminatham
* Sengamalanatchiyarpuram
* Sengamalapatti
* Sevaloor
* Sithamanaickenpatti
* Sithurajapuram
* Sukkiravarpatti
* Thatchakudi
* Thevarkulam
* Oorampatti
* A.Thulukkapatti
* Vadamalapuram
* Vadapatti
* Vadi
* Velliahpuram
* Vellore
* Vilampatti
* Viswanatham
* Vendurayapuram
* Zaminsalwarpatti
* Naranapuram
* Mangundam Patti
# Rudolf Schönbeck

Rudolf Schönbeck (3 August 1919 – 6 November 2003) was a German footballer who played as a goalkeeper for VfB Königsberg, Itzehoer SV 09 and FC St. Pauli. He also competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Outburst

Outburst may refer to:
* Outburst (comics), a fictional superhero
* Outburst (game), a word game
* Outburst (mining), the sudden and violent ejection of coal, gas and rock from a coal face and surrounding strata in an underground coal mine
* Outbursts (album), an album by Turin Brakes
* Outburst, a sudden release of emotion, commonly a tantrum
# Turleytown, Virginia

Turleytown is an unincorporated community located in Rockingham County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.

## Geography

It is located west of Broadway, along State Route 613.

## History

Turleytown is believed to be named after Giles Turley who visited it in 1804.
# Persoonia hindii

Persoonia hindii is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to a small area of New South Wales near Lithgow, Australia. It is a shrub with an underground stolon from which new stems arise and has succulent, linear to oblong leaves and deep yellow flowers.

## Description

Persoonia hindii is an erect or spreading shrub with many stems that grow from an underground stolon about 5 cm (2 in) underground. The stems reach to a height of 0.3–1.0 m (1–3 ft) with smooth grey bark on older growth. Younger stem are mostly dull red and are covered with greyish hairs. The leaves are arranged alternately and are linear to oblong, mostly 15–27 mm (0.6–1 in) long, 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) wide, succulent and more or less semi-circular in cross-section. Young leaves are slightly hairy but become glabrous as they age. The flowers are arranged singly or in small groups of up to thirteen in leaf axils or on the ends of branches, with a scale leaf at the base of each flower. Each flower is on the end of a hairy dull red pedicel 2.5–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long. The flower is composed of four hairy tepals 12–15 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, which are fused at the base but with the tips rolled back. The central style is surrounded by four yellow anthers which are also joined at the base with the tips rolled back, so that it resembles a cross when viewed end-on. The ovary is glabrous. Flowering occurs mainly from January to March and is followed by fruit which are dull green drupes 8–9.5 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long and about 6 mm (0.2 in) wide.

## Taxonomy and naming

Persoonia hindii was first formally described in 1997 by Peter Weston and Lawrie Johnson from a specimen collected in the Newnes State Forest. The description was published in Telopea. The specific epithet (hindii) honours Peter Hind, who first collected this species in 1989.

## Distribution and habitat

This persoonia is only known from nine populations in the Newnes State Forest, each population consisting of only one to a small number of individual plants. It grows in forest and woodland dominated by species of Eucalyptus.

## Conservation

Persoonia hindii is threatened by forestry activities, sand mining and frequent fires and is classified as "Endangered" under the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016.
# Verde Hot Springs

Verde Hot Springs is a grouping of thermal mineral springs near the town of Camp Verde in Yavapai County, Arizona. The springs are located at the western bank of the Verde River. There are ruins of a former historical resort at the site and bathhouse.

## History

The local Native Americans used the hot mineral springs for centuries before the arrival of early settlers. Indigenous people used thermal springs in the American Southwest for thousands of years, per archaeological evidence of human use and settlement by Paleo-Indians. These geothermal resources provided warmth, healing mineral water, and cleansing.
There was an extensive resort with a hotel built in 1920s. It burned to the ground in 1962. It was called the Verde Hot Springs Hotel and was built by Floyd Williams and his son Floyd Jr. Some of the foundations still exist onsite. In addition to the main pool (near the ruins) there are several smaller rock pools downstream, these range in temperature from 92° to 104 °F.

## Water profile

The hot water emerges from several springs along the river bank, and a cave at 104 °F/40C. Mineral content includes boron, calcium, iron, lithium, magnesium, sodium, rubidium, and cesium. In 1960, the New York Times described the water as sulfur-impregnated and that they were "favored by Indians for their curative powers." Health seekers in the early 20th century used the hot spring water to relieve arthritis, sinusitis and rheumatism.
# Stamp seal (BM 119999)

Stamp seal (BM 119999), is a historical stamp seal from the British Museum, with reference number BM 119999, located in Room 52 of the museum. The stamp seal was procured by Sir Alexander Cunningham, who sold it to the British Museum in 1870. Another, nearly identical, seal, is located in the Calcutta Museum.

## Description

The seal is made of carnelian, a precious stone, and rather hard to engrave. It is considered as "a Sogdian double portrait". It shows two facing busts. One is a bearded male, wearing a forward-projecting cap bordered with pearls, as well as a diadem, ear-rings and a necklace. The other wears a radiate crown with royal ribbons. Above is an inscription in two lines, in the Sogdian language.

### Other examples

The design with two facing busts is also visible in some of the coinage of the period, although the small space of the coins seems to have forced to two busts to come closer together. It has been suggested that this design was influenced by some Byzantine coins, but this may not be necessarily so.

## Kushano-Sasanian period (c.230 – c.365 CE)

The stamp seal is dated by the British Museum to 300-350 CE, during the Kushano-Sasanian period, and belongs to the area of Sogdia, north of the Oxus. In this, the museum follows the conclusions of Bivar (1969), and Livshits (1969), according to which the seal should be dated to the 4th century CE. Livshits (1969) also offered a reading for the Sogdian inscription, which is the one still used by the British Museum:
   (1) 'yt mydrh cwn ’yn/ztmyc (2) (p) ’nbsn z ’ ’ntyh (or zc ’ntyh, n ’cztyh) This seal is from (of) Indamic Queen of Zacanta
Paleographical comparisons also suggests a "rough date" of the 4th century CE, and at any rate before the second half of the 5th century CE. Stylistically, the stamp seal is said to share the artistic characteristics of other known Kushano-Sasanians seals, but also Hephthalites seals.

## Hephthalite period (c.440 – c.560 CE)

Livshits (2000) has since reappraised the datation of the stamp seal as well as the translation of the Sogdian legend. In his latest analysis, he thought that the seal should be dated to the 5th-6th century CE, and should read:
Inscription of the Stamp seal (BM 119999) :
| Line | Original (Sogdian alphabet) | Transliteration | English translation |
| 1 | 𐼀𐼊𐼛 𐼍𐼊𐼘𐼘𐼆 𐼕𐼇𐼏 𐼀𐼊𐼎𐼚𐼇𐼍𐼊𐼖 | ʾyt myδrh cwn ʾyntwmyc | This gem is from the Indian |
| 2 | 𐼔𐼀𐼎𐼂𐼙𐼏 𐼎𐼀𐼎𐼚𐼊𐼆 | pʾnβšn nʾntyh | Lady, Nandi |
Kurbanov (2010) considers that the seal is characteristic of Hephthalite seals.

## Related artifacts

* Hephthalite coin of the Principality of Chaghaniyan, with the two busts of a crowned King and Queen, in Byzantine fashion, circa 550-650 CE.
* Ruler with radiate crown from Dilberjin Tepe
* Other similar seals in the British Museum (Room 52)
* Sasanian official with broadly similar crown, Northern Syria, 5th century CE
* Sasanian seal with inscription Pahlavi "Perozhormizd, son of the Kanarang" (a Governor of easternmost Sasanian territory, Abarshahr, a title first attested in the 5th century CE). British Museum 134847.
# Sivakasi railway station

Sivakasi railway station (station code: SVKS) is an NSG–5 category Indian railway station in Madurai railway division of Southern Railway zone. It serves Sivakasi, located in Virudhunagar district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Jurisdiction

It belongs to the Madurai railway division of the Southern Railway zone of Virudhunagar district in Tamil Nadu. The station code is SVKS.

## Line

The station falls on the line between Virudhunagar Junction and Tenkasi Junction

## Performance and earnings

For the FY 2022–23, the annual earnings of the station was ₹72,992,876 (US$870,000) and daily earnings was ₹199,980 (US$2,400). For the same financial year, the annual passenger count was 438,850 and daily count was 1,202. While, the footfall per day was recorded as 2,235.
# Smoking and infertility

Smoking and infertility may refer to:
* Smoking and female infertility
* Smoking and male infertility
# Rudolf Schümperli

Rudolf Schümperli (c. 1905, Frauenfeld – 11 March 1990, Romanshorn) was a Swiss politician (Social Democratic Party of Switzerland).
Schümperli, trained as a school teacher, was a member of the local council of Romanshorn from 1937 to 1953, from 1943 to 1954 a member of the National Council and from 1954 to 1972 of the Conseil d'État of the Canton of Thurgau. In this job he followed August Roth (who died in office) leading on building control, and then becoming health and public education director until his retirement.
# Christoffel van den Berghe

Christoffel van den Berghe (he used the monogram CvB) (c. 1590, Antwerp – c. 1645, Middelburg) was a Flemish-born Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and flower still lifes.

## Life

Very little is known about van den Berghe and he was only rediscovered as an independent artist in the 1950s when some works formerly attributed to other artists were reattributed to him. It is believed that he was born in Antwerp and that his family left Flanders to settle in Middelburg. He may have trained under Ambrosius Bosschaert. In 1619 he registered in the Guild of St. Luke in Middelburg and in 1621 he was dean of the Guild. He bought a house in Middelburg in 1621 which he still owned in 1628.
Johannes Goedaert was his pupil.

## Work

One of Christoffel's works, Still Life with Dead Birds, is considered one of the earliest paintings of the Dutch genre "game pieces."
He primarily painted in two genres: landscapes and flower still lifes. There are four known examples of flower still lifes by his hand. A flower still life in the Philadelphia Museum of Art is signed and dated 'CV BERGHE 1617'. This flower still life in the Philadelphia Museum of Art shows the influence of Ambrosius Bosschaert (who may have been his teacher) and Roelant Savery, two other Flemish-born still life painters who had migrated to the Dutch Republic. His other flower still lifes are similar except for the one held by the Getty Museum, which is signed and dated 'Cv berghe 1624' and a vanitas still life with a skull, shell and a vase of flowers.
A 'Winter landscape' held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art was formerly attributed to Hendrick Avercamp, the pioneer of winter scenes in the Dutch Republic. It resembles another 'Winter landscape' held at the Mauritshuis in The Hague of the same period. The winter landscapes are more reminiscent of similar works painted by Adriaen van de Venne who was Van den Berghe's contemporary in Middelburg. Landscape paintings in Middelburg followed Flemish conventions which explains the earlier attribution of the Mauritshuis painting to Flemish landscape artists David Vinckboons and later to Paul Bril. Van den Berghe painted the figures in his landscapes himself which helps to distinguish him from other artists who would often use specialists for this task.
# Oxford City Nomads F.C.

Oxford City Nomads Football Club was a football club based in Oxford, England.

## History

The club was established in 1936 as Quarry Nomads, a youth team with pupils from the local Quarry School. The team became a men's team after the Second World War when they became part of the Oxford City Football Association. The club played in the Oxford leagues until the 1984–85 season, where having struggled for almost a decade the club stopped playing football for two years. They reformed in the 1987–88 season under the guidance of Keith Dolton, a former player who had been a member of the 1966 Oxfordshire Senior Cup winning side; that season the club entered the Oxford City F.A. Junior League. After winning the Oxfordshire Senior League Premier Division Championship in the 1993–94 season, the club was promoted to the Chiltonian League. After the 2000–01 season the club joined the Hellenic league. The club in 2005 changed its name to the Oxford Quarry Nomads, but one year later they changed their name again for the 2006–07 season to the Oxford City Nomads.

## Ground

After being renamed Oxford City Nomads, the club played at Oxford City's Court Place Farm ground. Previously they played at Margaret Road except in the 1990–91 season, when they moved to Risinghurst Cricket Club.

## Honours

* Hellenic League
* Premier Division champions 2011–12
** Division One East champions 2002–03
** Challenge Cup winners 2012–13
* Oxfordshire Senior League
** Premier Division champions 1962–63, 1993–94
* Oxfordshire Senior Cup
** Winners 1965–66

## Records

* Best FA Vase performance: Second qualifying round 2017–18
# Park Wood, Bedford

Park Wood is a 5.2 hectare Local Nature Reserve located in the Brickhill area of Bedford. It is owned by Bedford Borough Council and managed by the council with the assistance of the Friends of Park Wood.
The site has diverse habitats with mature trees, grassland, scrub and ponds. Flowers include bee and pyramidal orchids. An orchard has been planted with traditional fruit trees.
There is access by a footpath from Brickhill Drive opposite Eagle Gardens.
# Ulrich Sumptoh

Ulrich Sumptoh is a Vanuatuan politician and a member of the Parliament of Vanuatu from Port Vila as a member of the Reunification Movement for Change.
# Ramkrishna Kusmaria

Ramkrishna Kusmaria (born 30 July 1942) is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He was a five-time Member of Parliament and four-time MLA. He won as MP, four times from Damoh Constituency, and once from Khajuraho Constituency. He was a member of Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Early life and education

Kusmaria was born in Sakor. His father Kanhaiyalal Kusumaria was a farmer. He is a post-graduate with an M.Sc. in Agriculture and later he also completed his doctorate from Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur.

## Career

Kusmaria was elected as MLA for the first time from Hatta Assembly constituency in Damoh in 1977 as Janata Party candidate. Again in 1985 he was elected as MLA from Hatta Assembly constituency as a BJP candidate. Later in 1990, he was elected for the third time as MLA from Hatta Assembly constituency.
After a stint in the Parliament for five terms from 1991 to 2008, he was elected as MLA for the fourth time but shifted to Pathariya Assembly constituency, also on BJP ticket in 2008, and resigned from the Lok Sabha on 19 December 2008. He also became Minister of Farmers Welfare and Agriculture Development in the Government of Madhya Pradesh. In 2018, he lost the Assembly Election as an independent from Damoh Constituency and Pathariya Constituency. He contested from two seats as a BJP rebel candidate. After an internal survey, Chief Minister Chouhan dropped many non-performing sitting MLAs, including Kusmaria.

### Five terms in Parliament

He was elected as a Member of the Parliament from Damoh Lok Sabha Constituency in Madhya Pradesh representing BJP for the first time in 1991. He went on to win the next four Lok Sabha elections and was a member of the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th Lok Sabha of India. After representing Damoh constituency from 1991 to 2004, he contested the 14th Lok Sabha from Khajuraho constituency also on BJP ticket and won.
He is also a president of Bundelkhand Development Authority from 2016 to 2019. He is appointed as chairman of state backward classes commission in year 2023. He joined Indian National Congress on 8 February 2019, but returned to Bharatiya Janata Party on 3 July 2020.
# St Mary's Bay Academy

St. Mary's Bay Academy (SMBA) is a secondary school located in Weymouth, Nova Scotia. SMBA is part of the Tri-County Regional School Board. It is the only English high school in the municipality of Clare. It was formerly known as Clare District High.

## House System

The School currently uses a house system with names based on the schools initials, SMBA. The names of the houses are Stellar Sharks, Bold Barracudas, Mighty Marlins, and Atomic Anglers.