OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sissel Benneche Osvold

Sissel Benneche Osvold (born 4 April 1945) is a Norwegian journalist.
She was born in Stavanger, a daughter of Gerd Benneche, and was married to Totto Osvold. She worked for the newspaper Dagbladet from 1973 to 2007, where she had her own column, Sidesprang, from 1990. She was awarded Den Store Journalistprisen by the Norwegian Press Association in 1992. In 2007, she received the Fritt Ord Honorary Award.
# Sodium tungsten bronze

Sodium tungsten bronze is a form of insertion compound with the formula Na$_x$WO$_3$, where x is equal to or less than 1. So named because of its metallic lustre, its electrical properties range from semiconducting to metallic depending on the concentration of sodium ions present; it can also exhibit superconductivity.

## History

Prepared in 1823 by the chemist Friedrich Wöhler, sodium tungsten bronze was the first alkali metal bronze to be discovered. Tungsten bronzes owe some of their properties to the relative stability of the tungsten(V) cation that is formed. A similar family of molybdenum bronzes may have been discovered in 1885 by Alfred Stavenhagen and E. Engels, but they are formed in a very narrow range of temperatures and were not reported again until the 1960s.

## Properties

Sodium tungsten bronze, like other tungsten bronzes, is resistant to chemical reaction under both acidic and basic conditions. Colour is dependent upon the proportion of sodium in the compound, ranging from golden at x ≈ 0.9, through red, orange and deep purple, to blue-black when x ≈ 0.3.
The electrical resistivity of the bronze depends on the proportion of sodium in the compound, with specific resistances of 1.66 mΩ being measured for some samples. It has been suggested that electrons, released when the sodium atoms are ionised, are conducted readily through the tungsten t$_{2g}$ and oxygen π orbitals. This can be observed in the XPS and UPS spectra: the peak representing the tungsten 5d band becomes more intense as x rises.
For values of x below 0.3, the bronze is semiconducting rather than metallic. When cooled sufficiently, sodium tungsten bronze becomes a superconductor, with the critical temperature (T$_c$) for Na$_{0.23}$WO$_3$ being approximately 2.2 kelvin. The first record of superconductivity in a tungsten bronze was in 1964, with a T$_c$ of 0.57 K.

## Structure

When x = 1, sodium tungsten bronze adopts a cubic phase: the perovskite crystal structure. In this form, the structure consists of corner-sharing WO$_6$ octahedra with sodium ions in the interstitial gaps. For x values between 0.9 and 0.3, the structure remains similar but with an increasing deficiency of sodium ions and a smaller lattice parameter.
A number of other structure types can also be adopted, with varying electrical properties: cubic, tetragonal I and hexagonal phases are metallic, whereas orthorhombic and tetragonal II structures are semiconducting.

## Synthesis

Wöhler's 1823 synthesis involved reducing sodium tungstate and tungsten trioxide with hydrogen gas at red heat. A more modern approach reduces a melt of the reactants with electricity rather than with hydrogen. Microwave synthesis is also possible, using tungsten powder as the reducing agent. Hydrothermal (both batch and flow) syntheses are also possible.

## Related compounds

The sodium in this compound can be replaced by other alkali metals to form their tungsten bronzes, and by other metals such as tin and lead. Molybdenum bronzes also exist but are less stable than their tungsten counterparts.
# PLXNA3

Plexin-A3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLXNA3 gene.
# Ryhall railway station

Ryhall & Belmesthorpe railway station (originally Ryhall & Belmisthorpe) was a station in Belmesthorpe and about half a mile from Ryhall, both in Rutland. It was the only intermediate station on the Stamford and Essendine Railway, later Great Northern Railway, single track line between Stamford and Essendine. It was sited south of a level crossing at the west end of the village. The goods yard was to the north of the level crossing.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Stamford East | Great Northern RailwayStamford and Essendine Railway | Essendine |
# TNRC6B

Trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 6B protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNRC6B gene.

## Interactions

TNRC6B has been shown to interact with EIF2C2. It is also known to associate with argonaute proteins and has been shown to be required for miRNA-guided gene silencing in HeLa cells.
# Tungkuan

Tungkuan may refer to one of the following locations in China:
* The old name of Dongguan, Guangdong
* Tongguan County, Shaanxi, famous for its historical pass
* Tungkuan, Taiwan
# Umzingwane

Umzingwane is a village and seat of the Umzingwane District, in Matabeleland South province, in Zimbabwe.
It has one of the most important railway stations in the nation, connecting the Beira–Bulawayo railway and the Beitbridge-Bulawayo railway.
# Vicesima libertatis

The Vicesima libertatis, also known as the Vicesima Manumissionum was an ancient Republican Roman tax on freed slaves. It is unclear how the tax was collected. One possibility is that, if the master freed the slave the government would tax the master for 5% of the slaves value, while if the slave freed themselves they would be taxed. Another possibility is that the tax was for registering a slave as free, not for freeing them in the first place. Evidence dating back to the Republic suggests that the collection of the tax was likely farmed out to the publicani. By the time of the empire, collection of the tax likely was controlled by the emperor themselves.
According to Livy, it was established in 357 BCE by the Consul Gnaeus Manlius. It is possible that this tax was instituted to compensate for the deprivation of the Roman treasury, known as the aerarium Saturni. Livy stated that the wealth garnered from the tax, which totaled around four thousand pounds of gold, was retained to exclusively be used in the event of an emergency. The senate gave permission for the consuls of 209 BCE to utilize the funds to aid the war effort against Hannibal. Cassius Dio wrote that Caracalla increased the rate of the tax to 10%, and then Emperor Macrinus quickly restored it to its original level. There is no later references to the Vicesima libertatis in ancient Roman literature. This indicates that the tax survived until the time of Constantine and Diocletian, and was removed due to the reforms of these emperors. There is no archaeological evidence for this tax in all provinces except for Italy before the Severan dynasty.
# Statue of James A. Garfield (Cincinnati)

A statue of James A. Garfield by Charles Henry Niehaus stands in Piatt Park, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.
# Turkish women in cinema

Turkish women in cinema refers to Turkish actresses and to female movie directors in Turkish cinema. The first Turkish film was made in 1914; the first Turkish film with actresses was not shot until 1919. The first leading actress in Turkish cinema was Bedia Muvahhit in 1923. In a conservative Muslim society, Muvahhit's film was a milestone.

## Actresses

* Adile Naşit
* Afife Jale
* Ahu Tuğba
* Ahu Türkpençe
* Ajda Pekkan
* Aliye Rona
* Arzu Yanardağ
* Arzum Onan
* Aslı Tandoğan
* Aydan Şener
* Ayla Algan
* Aysun Kayacı
* Ayşegül Aldinç
* Ayşen Gruda
* Azra Akın
* Başak Köklükaya
* Begüm Birgören
* Begüm Kütük
* Belgin Doruk
* Beren Saat
* Berrak Tüzünataç
* Binnur Kaya
* Birce Akalay
* Burcu Biricik
* Cahide Sonku
* Cansu Dere
* Ceyda Ateş
* Çağla Kubat
* Çolpan İlhan
* Damla Sönmez
* Demet Akbağ
* Demet Evgar
* Deniz Akkaya
* Derya Alabora
* Didem Balçın
* Didem Erol
* Doğa Bekleriz
* Dolunay Soysert
* Ece Erken
* Elçin Sangu
* Ekin Tunçay Turan
* Emel Sayın
* Esin Varan
* Esra Bilgiç
* Ezgi Eyüboğlu
* Fahriye Evcen
* Fatma Girik
* Filiz Akın
* Gamze Özçelik
* Gökçe Bahadır
* Gönül Yazar
* Gül Gölge
* Gülben Ergen
* Gülse Birsel
* Gülşen Bubikoğlu
* Güven Hokna
* Hale Soygazi
* Hande Ataizi
* Hazal Kaya
* Hatice Aslan
* Hülya Avşar
* Hülya Koçyiğit
* Hümeyra Akbay
* Itır Esen
* İdil Fırat
* Lale Oraloğlu
* Leyla Sayar
* Melis Birkan
* Melisa Sözen
* Meltem Cumbul
* Merve Boluğur
* Merve Sevi
* Meryem Uzerli
* Mine Teber
* Mine Tugay
* Miray Daner
* Muhterem Nur
* Müjde Ar
* Naz Elmas
* Nebahat Çehre
* Nefise Karatay
* Nehir Erdoğan
* Neslihan Atagül
* Neyyire Neyir
* Nur Sürer
* Nurgül Yeşilçay
* Özgü Namal
* Özge Özberk
* Özge Özpirinçci
* Özge Törer
* Özge Yağız
* Özlem Conker
* Pelin Batu
* Pelin Karahan
* Perran Kutman
* Sanem Çelik
* Sedef Avcı
* Selin Demiratar
* Selma Ergeç
* Seray Kaya
* Serenay Sarıkaya
* Sevda Dalgıç
* Sevinç Erbulak
* Sibel Kekilli
* Sinem Kobal
* Songül Öden
* Şebnem Dönmez
* Şebnem Sönmez
* Şenay Gürler
* Şevval Sam
* Tuba Büyüküstün
* Tuba Ünsal
* Tuğba Özay
* Türkan Şoray
* Ümmiye Koçak
* Vahide Perçin
* Yaprak Özdemiroğlu
* Yasemin Kozanoğlu
* Yelda Reynaud
* Yeşim Büber
* Yıldız Kaplan
* Yıldız Kenter
* Zeynep Değirmencioğlu
* Zeynep Tuğçe Bayat
* Zuhal Olcay

## Movie directors

* Aslı Özge
* Bilge Olgaç
* Cahide Sonku
* Deniz Gamze Ergüven
* İlksen Başarır
* Nur Akalın
* Pelin Esmer
* Seda Eğridere
* Türkan Şoray
* Yeşim Ustaoğlu

## Filmmakers

* Tuluhan Tekelioğlu
# Sleepwalking (Rae & Christian album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The second album by Grand Central Records artists Rae & Christian, released in 2001. In the US it was released on the Studio !K7 label.

## Track listing

* "Blazing the Crop"
* "Hold Us Down" (featuring The Congos)
* "It Ain't Nothing Like" (featuring The Pharcyde)
* "Get a Life" (featuring Bobby Womack)
* "Not Just Anybody" (featuring Kate Rogers)
* "Trailing in the Wake"
* "Vai Viver a Vida" (featuring Tania Maria)
* "Let It Go" (featuring The Pharcyde)
* "Ready to Roll"
* "Wake Up Everybody" (featuring Bobby Womack)
* "Salvation" (featuring Siron)

## Personnel

* Mahavishnu Orchestra – sampled strings
* Michael Ball – assistant engineer
* Mandy Parnell – mastering
* Kate Rogers – performer
* Josef – horn
* Rae & Christian – main performer
* Tania Maria – vocals
* Bobby Womack – guitar
* Dejuana Richardson – engineer
* John Schroeder – sampling
* Rick Cowling – engineer
* Steve Christian – engineer, mixing
* Roger Wickham – horn
* Chris Owen – assistant engineer
* Eric Steinen – engineer

## Charts

Chart performance for Sleepwalking :
| Chart (2001) | Peak position |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 114 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 57 |
# Owling

Owling was a common term for the smuggling of sheep or wool from England to another country, particularly France. The practice was illegal in England from 1367 until 1824. Participants were called "owlers"; their ships "owling boats".
The origins of the term are obscure, and it appears to have developed toward the end of the 17th century, well after owling was first outlawed. It is presumed to derive from owlers' preference for performing their work at night (traditionally the time of the owl). The earliest citation in the Oxford English Dictionary is Narcissus Luttrell's report in 1699 that a recent outbreak had been suppressed. The practice seems not to have had a particular name attached to it before that point.
The principal reason for the protectionist law was to shield English clothing manufacturers from foreign competition, since England had a large supply of wool but a less successful textile industry. The wool industry was England's most lucrative in the late 12th and early 13th centuries; in fact, in discussing the origins of the wool protection laws, David Hume claims that wool was England's only valuable export commodity at the time. However, the law was enacted by Edward III in the first place, and maintained throughout its history, as part of a particular grudge against France, as Hume points out. The original statute was strengthened several times; in 1566 owling was made punishable by "cutting off of the left hand and nailing it in a public place", and in 1660, as it became more professionalized, by the seizure of the ship used.
The law gained particular currency after a 1689 bill outlawing all trade with France. Owlers were able to take advantage of a significant black market, and smuggling increased rapidly during the 1690s. According to G. N. Clark, period sources indicate that by 1689, 480,000 pounds of wool per year were being smuggled to France. Troops were sent to Romney Marsh, the chief point of departure for owlers, in 1693; conflict in the area over the practice (including both owlers and local wool manufacturers opposed to owling) came to a head with a riot in Rye, East Sussex in 1696. The government began to get the upper hand soon afterward, and owling was apparently no longer common when the law was repealed in the 19th century.
# Río Colorado Subgroup

The Río Colorado Subgroup, formerly named as Río Colorado Formation, is a Late Cretaceous (Santonian to Early Campanian) geologic subgroup of the Neuquén Basin in northern Patagonia, Argentina. It belongs to the Neuquén Group and contains the Anacleto and Bajo de la Carpa Formations. The subgroup overlies the Río Neuquén Subgroup and is overlain by the Allen Formation of the Malargüe Group, separated by an unconformity dated to 79 Ma. Dinosaur remains diagnostic to the genus level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

## Fossil content
### Ornithischians

Ornithischians reported from the Río Colorado Subgroup :
| Genus | Species | Province | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Gasparinisaura | G. cincosaltensis | Río Negro Province | Anacleto Formation | "Skull and postcranial skeleton, postcranial elements, juvenile to subadult." | | Gasparinisaura |

### Sauropods

Titanosaur eggs are known from Neuquén Province.
Sauropods reported from the Río Colorado Subgroup :
| Genus | Species | Province | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images |
| Antarctosaurus | A. wichmannianus | Río Negro Province | Anacleto Formation | | Antarctosaurus |
| Bonatitan | B.reigi | Río Negro Province | Allen Formation | | Antarctosaurus |
| Loricosaurus | L. scutatus | Neuquén Province Río Negro Province | | | Antarctosaurus |
| Microcoelus | M. patagonicus | Neuquén Province | Bajo de la Carpa Formation | Possible synonym of Neuquensaurus | Antarctosaurus |
| Neuquensaurus | N. australis | Neuquén Province Río Negro Province | Anacleto Formation | | Antarctosaurus |
| "Titanosaurus" | "T." robustus | Río Negro Province | Anacleto Formation | | Antarctosaurus |
| Titanosaurus | T. nanus | Neuquén Province | Bajo de la Carpa Formation | | Antarctosaurus |

### Theropods

Theropods reported from the Río Colorado Subgroup :
| Genus | Species | Province | Stratigraphic position | Material | Images |
| Abelisaurus | A. comahuaensis | Río Negro Province | Anacleto Formation | "Partial skull." | Abelisaurus Alvarezsaurus Aucasaurus Patagopteryx Velocisaurus |
| Alvarezsaurus | A. calvoi | Neuquén Province | Bajo de la Carpa Formation | "Partial postcranial skeleton." | Abelisaurus Alvarezsaurus Aucasaurus Patagopteryx Velocisaurus |
| Aucasaurus | A. garridoi | Neuquén Province | Anacleto Formation | "Nearly complete skeleton." | Abelisaurus Alvarezsaurus Aucasaurus Patagopteryx Velocisaurus |
| Neuquenornis | N. volans | Neuquén Province | Bajo de la Carpa Formation | "Partial skeleton." | Abelisaurus Alvarezsaurus Aucasaurus Patagopteryx Velocisaurus |
| Patagopteryx | P. deferrariisi | Neuquén Province | Bajo de la Carpa Formation | "Many skeletons." | Abelisaurus Alvarezsaurus Aucasaurus Patagopteryx Velocisaurus |
| Velocisaurus | V. unicus | Neuquén Province | Bajo de la Carpa Formation | "Partial hind limb." | Abelisaurus Alvarezsaurus Aucasaurus Patagopteryx Velocisaurus |
# Tadas Papečkys

Tadas Papečkys (born 28 September 1978) is a Lithuanian former professional footballer who played as a defender. During his career, he represented clubs such as FBK Kaunas, Anzhi Makhachkala, Šilutė, Riga, ŁKS Łódź and Górnik Zabrze.
Papečkys has made seven appearances for the Lithuania national football team.

## Honours

FBK Kaunas
* A Lyga: 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005
* Lithuanian Cup: 2001–02, 2004, 2005
Latvia
* Baltic Cup: 2005
# Parsi Lying-in Hospital

The Parsi Lying-in Hospital (PLIH), also known as Temulji's Lying-in Hospital, sometimes spelled Tehmulji's Lying-in Hospital, was one of the first maternity hospitals in Bombay (now Mumbai). It was co-founded by physician and obstetrician Temulji Bhicaji Nariman in 1887 and completed in 1895. Dwindling numbers of Parsi births in the latter half of the 20th century led to its closure.

## Origins

During the 19th century, Bombay's Parsi women had largely given birth at home, confined to poorly ventilated and unsanitary conditions. In 1887, obstetrician and dean of Grant Medical College, Temulji Nariman, concerned about the prevalence of puerperal fever, founded the PLIH.
The hospital was initially located in a small house facing the ocean in the Marine Lines. It was run by Nariman as the Parsi Maternity Asylum and established Nariman's name in the community. Shortly, however, a plot was bought from the government on the esplanade in the Hornby Estate of Mumbai. The building was designed by Muncherji Murzban, a key figure in the Bombay Municipal Corporation who was inspired by the Peabody estates of London and who oversaw the construction of the building. It was completed in 1895 at a cost 105,000 rupees but by 1914, the total cost had increased to 130,541 rupees. Fakirjee Dinshaw served as the contractor. It was one of the city's first maternity hospitals built in the Gothic Revival style. Arranged around a courtyard, it could accommodate 50 women. It became popularly known as Temuljinu Suvarvakhana (Temulji’s lying-house).

## Early years

Previously, during their confinement, women had been located in the darkest and dampest corners of the house on the ground floor where sewage gases could contribute to ill-health. The PLIH, however, located women on upper floors with better hygiene and more space. The hospital acquired a reputation for cleanliness and the availability of midwives and clean linen. New mothers stayed for more than a month and it was felt by the Parsi community that it fulfilled an unmet need.
Temulji Nariman became symbolic of "Parsi motherhood". He was the hospital's honorary secretary and chief physician at the time of the opening ceremony on 11 January 1895, and he encouraged the wealthier Parsis to allow those poorer to make use of its placements. The fee structure had three tiers. The third class received free treatment, the second class paid 1.80 rupees per day and first class paid 3 rupees per day. A refundable deposit was also taken.
Within the first four years, about 1,750 patients had been treated and by the turn of the 20th century, Parsi women had three hospitals to choose from within the district of the Esplanade, the Bomanjee Edaljee Allbless Obstetric Hospital, the Pestanjee Hormusjee Cama Hospital for Women and Children and the PLIH.
Among notable Parsis born at the PLIH, were Feroze Gandhi in 1912. Jamsetji Tata was a committee member.

## Later years

In the early 21st century there were plans to convert the grade 2B listed building into an orthopaedic hospital, however, in 2015 the first floor was being used as offices and the remainder of the building was empty.
# Peter Roquette

Peter Jaques Roquette (8 October 1927 – 24 February 2023) was a German mathematician working in algebraic geometry, algebra, and number theory.

## Biography

Roquette was born in Königsberg on 8 October 1927. He studied in Erlangen, Berlin, and Hamburg. In 1951 he defended a dissertation at the University of Hamburg under Helmut Hasse, providing a new proof of the Riemann hypothesis for algebraic function fields over a finite field (the first proof was given by André Weil in 1940). In 1951/1952 he was an assistant at the Mathematical Research Institute at Oberwolfach and from 1952 to 1954 at the University of Munich. From 1954 to 1956 he worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. In 1954 he was Privatdozent at Munich, and from 1956 to 1959 he worked in the same position at Hamburg. In 1959 he became an associate professor at the University of Saarbrucken and in the same year at the University of Tübingen. From 1967 he was professor at the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, where he retired in 1996.
Roquette worked on number and function fields and especially local p-adic fields. He applied the methods of model theory (nonstandard arithmetic) in number theory, joint with Abraham Robinson, with whom he worked on Mahler's theorem (on the finiteness of integral points on a curve of genus g > 0) using non-standard methods. He authored a number of works on the history of mathematics, in particular on the schools of Helmut Hasse and Emmy Noether. In 1975 Roquette was co-editor of the collected essays by Helmut Hasse.
From 1978, Roquette was a member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and from 1985, the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He has an honorary doctorate from the University of Duisburg-Essen and was an honorary member of the Mathematical Society of Hamburg. In 1958 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Edinburgh (on the topic of "Some fundamental theorems on abelian function fields").
His doctoral students include Gerhard Frey and Volker Weispfenning [de].
Roquette died in Heidelberg on 24 February 2023, at the age of 95.

## Selected publications

* Analytic theory of elliptic functions over local fields. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht 1970.
* With Franz Lemmermeyer (Editor): The Correspondence of Helmut Hasse and Emmy Noether 1925-1935 Göttingen State and University Library, 2006..
* with Günther Frei (Editor): Emil Artin and Helmut Hasse - correspondence 1923-1934, University of Göttingen Publisher 2008
* The Brauer-Hasse-Noether Theorem in Historical Perspective. Mathem. the-Naturwiss writings. Class of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, Springer-Verlag, 2005.
* Anthony V. Geramita, Paulo Ribenboim (ed.): Collected Papers of Peter Roquette 3 volumes. Queens Papers in Pure and Applied Mathematics Bd.118, Kingston, Ontario, Queen's University, 2002.
* With Alexander Prestel: Formally p-adic Fields. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag 1984.
* Robinson, A.; Roquette, P. On the finiteness theorem of Siegel and Mahler concerning Diophantine equations. J. Number Theory 7 (1975), 121–176.