OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paratrooper (ride)

The Paratrooper, also known as the "Parachute Ride" or "Umbrella Ride", is a type of fairground ride. It is a ride where seats suspended below a wheel rotate at an angle. The seats are free to rock sideways and swing out under centrifugal force as the wheel rotates. Invariably, the seats on the Paratrooper ride have a round shaped umbrella or other shaped canopy above the seats. In contrast to modern thrill rides, the Paratrooper is a ride suitable for almost all ages. Most Paratrooper rides require the rider to be at least 36 inches (91.44 cm) tall to be accompanied by an adult, and over 48 inches (121.92 cm) to ride alone.
Older Paratrooper rides have a rotating wheel which is permanently raised, which has the disadvantage that riders can only load two at a time as each seat is brought to hang vertically at the lowest point of the wheel. Some models have a lower platform that's slightly raised on the ends that could permit the loading of up to three seats at a time. Most of these rides were made by the manufacturing companies Bennett, Watkins or Hrubetz. The German manufacturer Heintz-Fahtze also made larger models of the Paratrooper under the name of the Twister.
Modern Paratrooper rides use a hydraulic lifting piston to raise the wheel to their riding angle while spinning the seats. In its lowered position, all the seats hang vertically near the ground and can be loaded simultaneously. The above manufacturers also made these types and the height requirements to ride them remain the same.

## Variations

The Force 10 is a ride made by Tivoli Enterprises that features some of the same motion of the Paratrooper. The Star Trooper is a variant created by Dartron Industries that features seats facing both ways. The Star Trooper's initial design eventually evolved into the Cliffhanger, also made by Dartron Industries.
The same seats for this ride are used in the Swift-O-Plane and the same height requirement is the same as Enterprise.
In the 1980s, British amusement manufacturer David Ward developed the Super Trooper, of which the wheel rises horizontally up a central column. Once at the top, the wheel slants up to 45 degrees in either direction. He built two 12-seat versions and a 10-seat version. In 2018, PWS Rides Ltd. acquired the plans from Ward to build a new version with the first example due to be delivered in early 2019.
# Paratrooper Battalion 261 (Bundeswehr)

The Paratrooper Battalion 261 (Fallschirmjägerbataillon 261) was one of the three combat battalions of the German Army's Airborne Brigade 26, which was a part of the Special Operations Division. Paratrooper Battalion 261 was fully airmobile and could act both as air assault infantry or be dropped by parachute into the area of operations.

## History

The battalion was activated as Airborne Infantry Battalion 9 (Luftlandejägerbataillon 9) on September 3, 1956, being the first combat battalion of the now defunct Airborne Brigade 25. Since 1961, the headquarters of the battalion have been hosted in Lebach. The arsenal of the battalion was attacked and robbed in 1969. Four of the sentries were killed in cold blood. The unit temporarily belonged to the multiliteral AMF(L) Brigade. It has taken part in overseas operations since 1993 when large parts of the battalion deployed to Somalia. Since then, Paratrooper Battalion 261 has taken part in numerous operations all over the globe and spent much time in northern Afghanistan battling the resurgent Taliban insurgency. In 2007, thirty troops received the great honour of an invitation to the French Bastille Day parade.
Following a restructuring of the German armed forces, the battalion was disbanded on 31 March 2015 and merged into the newly raised Paratrooper Regiment 26.

## Structure

* Paratrooper Battalion 261
** Command- and support company
*** K9 platoon
*** Scout platoon
** 2nd Parachute Infantry Company
** 3rd Parachute Infantry Company
** 4th Parachute Infantry Company
** 5th Fire Support Company
** 6th Parachute Infantry Company (Training and Force Protection)
# Papuarisme

Papuarisme is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Val-de-Reuil

Val-de-Reuil (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in north-western France. It is located south of Rouen in a loop of the Seine. Created as the new town of Le Vaudreuil in 1972, its name was changed to Val-de-Reuil in 1984 to avoid confusion with its neighbour, Le Vaudreuil.

## Population

The inhabitants of Val-de-Reuil are called Rolivalois.

## History

Le Vaudreuil (ensemble urbain) was one of the nine new towns created in France in the beginning of the 1970s.
* June 1972: creation of the Établissement public d'aménagement of the new town of Le Vaudreuil.
* December 1972: creation of the urban community (ensemble urbain) of Le Vaudreuil on the territory of several existing communes including Le Vaudreuil.
* 28 September 1981: the urban community became a commune, created from parts of the communes Incarville, Léry, Porte-Joie, Poses, Saint-Étienne-du-Vauvray, Saint-Pierre-du-Vauvray, Tournedos-sur-Seine and Le Vaudreuil. The new commune was named Vaudreuil-Ex Ensemble Urbain.
* 19 November 1984: the commune changed its name to Val-de-Reuil to avoid confusion with nearby Le Vaudreuil.
* December, 1985: the dissolution of the établissement public d'aménagement, whose competences were transferred into the commune.
* 1996: Val-de-Reuil joined a communauté de communes with Louviers and Incarville.
* 2001: Val-de-Reuil became part of the Communauté d'agglomération Seine-Eure which has its principal centre in Louviers.

## Administration

Val-de-Reuil is the seat of a canton, which includes eight communes and has a total population of 20,422 (2021).

## Points of interest

* Les jardins animaliers du parc zoologique is a zoo covering 10 hectares that was established in 2012. The zoo has over 2000 animals, across 200 species.

## International relations

Val-de-Reuil is twinned with Workington in the United Kingdom.
# Theo Holm

Herman Theodor Holm (February 3, 1854 - December 26, 1932) was a Danish-American systematic botanist, agriculturalist and plant pathologist. His works dealt principally with plants from the Arctic and from the Rocky Mountains, mainly taxonomy and morphology. He published over 150 papers reflecting his research which included his series Studies on the Cyperaceae and Medicinal Plants of North America.

## Biography

Herman Theodor Holm was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He studied botany at the University of Copenhagen under professor Eugenius Warming and graduated 1880. In 1882–1883, he participated in the expedition on board the Danish vessel Dijmphna (the Dijmphna expedition 1882-83) to the territory between Russia and the North Pole during the First International Polar Year. The ship was icebound for a period in the Kara Sea.
He also explored the flora of West Greenland as assistant to Eugenius Warming on the Fylla expedition in 1884.
He emigrated to the U.S., landing in New York City on April 12, 1888. He soon was employed as assistant botanist by the U.S. National Museum. In 1893 when he received American citizenship. From 1893 to 1897, he was assistant pathologist with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). He obtained his Ph.D. in botany from the Catholic University of America in Washington D.C. in 1902. He then moved to the countryside of Brookland, DC and later in Clinton, Maryland and did assistant work as a botanist for the Smithsonian Institution and the USDA. Although a Lutheran, in 1932 he joined the faculty of the Catholic University of America, but died soon after.

## Honors

The small-reed species Calamagrostis holmii Lange is named for him.

## Selected scientific works

* Novaia-Zemlia’s Vegetation, særligt dens Phanerogamer. Dijmphna-Togtets zoologiske-botaniske udbytte (1885)
* Contributions to the knowledge of the germination of some North American plant (1891)
* Notes on the flowers of Anthoxanthum odoratum L. (1892)
* Some new anatomical characters for certain Gramine (1903)
* Commelinaceœ. Morphological and anatomical studies of the vegetative organs of some North and Central American species (1906)
* Contributions to the morphology, synonymy, and geographical distribution of arctic plants (1922)
* The vegetation of the alpine region of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado (1923)
* Hibernation and Rejuvenation, Exemplified by North American Herbs (American Midland Naturalist) (1925),Vol. 9 (9): 439-476, Vol. 9 (10): 477-512. The title probably alludes to the title of the first work on plant life-form, Om Skudbygning, Overvintring og Foryngelse [translated title: On shoot architecture, hibernation and rejuvenation] (1884) by Eugen Warming, Holm's former mentor in Copenhagen, who had died the year before. At the end of the second part, Holm gives a list of all his papers on life form - related morphology and anatomy of American plants, ordered by genus.

## Sources

* Woods, A.F. (1933) Herman Theodor Holm. Science 77 (1990): 183-184.
* Tucker, A.O., Poston, M.E. & Iltis, H.H. (1989) History of the LCU Herbarium, 1895-1986. Taxon 38 (2): 196-203.
# Theofelus

Theofelus is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Emma Theofelus (born 1996 or 1997), Namibian politician
* Theofelus Eiseb (1956–2009), Namibian politician
# Theologos

Theologos may refer to:
* Theologos, Rhodes, a village on the Greek island of Rhodes
* Theologos, Thasos, a village on the Greek island of Thasos
# Theologische Realenzyklopädie

The Theologische Realenzyklopädie (TRE) is a German encyclopedia of theology and religious studies. It contains some 2000 articles in 36 volumes. The first installment was published in 1977, the last in 2004.

## Genesis and editors

The Theologische Realenzyklopädie is published by Walter de Gruyter and continues the nineteenth-century tradition of specialized encyclopedias, specifically that of the Realenzyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche [de], published in Leipzig between 1896 and 1913. But in contrast to the latter, the TRE treats its subjects in an ecumenical fashion.
The TRE was edited by fourteen main editors. The primary editor was the bishop of the Lutheran Church in Brunswick and church historian Gerhard Müller. Until volume 12 his fellow main editor was Gerhard Krause, professor of theology at the University of Bonn.

## Publication information

* Gerhard Müller, Horst Balz, Gerhard Krause (eds.): Theologische Realenzyklopädie. 36 vols. De Gruyter, Berlin 1976–2004. ISBN 3-11-002218-4 / ISBN 3-11-013898-0 / ISBN 3-11-016295-4; Compact edition: ISBN 3-11-013898-0 / ISBN 3-11-016295-4
# Valet will ich dir geben

"Valet will ich dir geben" is a Lutheran hymn written by Valerius Herberger in 1613. It is a Sterbelied (hymn for the dying). The text was published with two hymn tunes by Melchior Teschner, Zahn Nos. 5403 and 5404a, in 1615. The second of these melodies was used in compositions such as chorale preludes by Johann Sebastian Bach and Max Reger. Bach used single stanzas in vocal works, including his St John Passion.
Catherine Winkworth made a metrical translation to "Farewell I Gladly Bid Thee" which also appeared with the second tune as No. 137 in The Chorale Book for England in 1865.

## Valet will ich dir geben

Herberger wrote the hymn in 1613 in response to the plague in Fraustadt, as a Sterbelied (hymn for the dying). Its subtitle reads:
The hymn's first word, "Valet", is derived from the Latin valete (fare thee well) in the original imprint: Herberger arranged his own Christian name "Valerius" as an acrostic—the first letters of each of the five stanzas form his name, Vale R I V S. The hymn text was first printed in Leipzig in 1614.
Teschner composed two melodies for the hymn, Zahn 5403 and 5404a, which he published in Ein andächtiges Gebet (a devotional prayer) in 1615, both in a five-part setting.

## Musical settings

Johann Sebastian Bach used the second of these melodies in his compositions, for instance the chorale preludes BWV 735 and 736. He used the first stanza of the hymn as movement 3 in his cantata Christus, der ist mein Leben, BWV 95, and the third stanza, "In meines Herzens Grunde" (Within my heart's foundation), in his St John Passion.
Max Reger composed a chorale prelude as No. 38 of his 52 Chorale Preludes, Op. 67 in 1902. Naji Hakim composed in 2011 "Valet will ich dir geben / 5 Variations for Choir and Organ on a Choral by Melchior Teschner". "Valet will ich dir geben" is part of the German Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch, under number EG 523.

## In English

Winkworth's translation was published as No. 137 in The Chorale Book for England in 1865, with a four-part harmonisation of the tune.
The hymn tune is also known as "St. Theodulph" after Theodulf of Orléans who was the author of the Latin hymn which became, in John Mason Neale's 1845 English translation, "All Glory, Laud and Honour".
# Theological veto

The theological veto is the concept in philosophy of religion that philosophy and logic are impious and that God, not reason, is sovereign. This concept is held as true by some theists, especially religious fundamentalists.
The idea is derived from a belief that mankind is depraved, and its intellect is a flawed product of this fallenness. In this view conversion, not reason, is the way to the truth; preaching, not argument, is the way to persuade; and grace, not evidence is the way belief is confirmed. In this view, natural reason is so profoundly hostile to the divine that holding it above faith is tantamount to worshiping a sinful creature as an idol. Even the use of reason on behalf of faith is rejected under the theological veto, as it shows faithlessness. It presupposes by practice that faith can be benefited by reason.

## Usage

An early use of the phrase is reported from a 1925 critique of opponents of evolution: "They meet the accumulating evidences of the descent of man with a theological veto. They set the limit to science by the quotation of a verse from the creation legend "Genesis.""

## Rejecting the theological veto

There are several reasons put forth by those who reject the theological veto. One way to reject the theological veto is to assert that one cannot isolate reason from faith. Intelligible use of language is claimed to commit one to consistency, so to reject reason is to refuse to make sense. This argument asserts that even the theological veto itself must be consistent with itself and inconsistent with reason. Another way the theological veto is rejected is to assert that rejection of critical control over one's beliefs, as for instance by the requirement of evidence, lowers the barrier against bigotry, fanaticism, and persecution. While its high aspiration is to warn against human pride, some say its supporters are guilty of what they themselves claim is the highest form of pride: They claim that they know the mind of God.
# Valienol

Valienol (streptol) is a C-7 cyclitol similar in structure to valienamine.
# Parish of Carwoola

Carwoola Parish is a parish of Murray County, a cadastral unit for use on land titles. It is located to the south of the Australian Capital Territory and to the south-east of Queanbeyan. The original northern and eastern boundary was the Molonglo River; this is still the boundary for most of the parish, except in the north, where the relatively small area north of the Queanbeyan-Goulburn railway line (at 35°19′42″S 149°17′45″E﻿ / ﻿35.32833°S 149.29583°E﻿ / -35.32833; 149.29583 ) was transferred to the ACT in 1909. The south-western boundary is the Queanbeyan River. Captain's Flat Road is the major road running through the parish. The area also roughly aligns with the locality of Carwoola.
# Varoom

Varoom may refer to:
* Varoom!, a 1963 pop art painting by Roy Lichtenstein
* "(Varoom!)", a 1992 song by Stereolab from the EP Low Fi
* Varoom (Pokémon), a Pokémon species
# Parish of Concord

Concord Parish is one of the 57 parishes of Cumberland County, New South Wales, a cadastral unit for use on land titles. It is located to the south of the Parramatta River between Homebush Bay and Iron Cove; and to the north of Cooks River. It includes the suburbs of Homebush (but not Flemington), most of Strathfield, Burwood, Croydon, Concord, Canada Bay, Abbotsford and Drummoyne. It covers the local government areas of City of Canada Bay and the Municipality of Burwood and most of the Municipality of Strathfield (excluding the western part of the municipality that was incorporated in 1892). It roughly corresponds to the western half of the Inner West region, with the neighbouring Parish of Petersham making up the eastern half.
33°51′54″S 151°06′04″E﻿ / ﻿33.86500°S 151.10111°E﻿ / -33.86500; 151.10111
# Theonoe

In Greek mythology, Theonoe (Ancient Greek: Θεονόη means "divine wisdom" from theós 'god' and nóos or noûs 'mind') was a name that may refer to the following women:
* Theonoe, daughter of the prophet Thestor, sister to Theoclymenus, Calchas and Leucippe.
* Theonoe, daughter to the Egyptian king Proteus
# Varor

Varor is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Varor has 678 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 87.63%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 2810 | 1392 | 1418 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 247 | 136 | 111 |
| Scheduled caste | 204 | 99 | 105 |
| Scheduled tribe | 506 | 251 | 255 |
| Literates | 2246 | 1166 | 1080 |
| Workers (all) | 1099 | 804 | 295 |
| Main workers (total) | 962 | 722 | 240 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 64 | 49 | 15 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 242 | 129 | 113 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 153 | 127 | 26 |
| Main workers: Other | 503 | 417 | 86 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 137 | 82 | 55 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 20 | 12 | 8 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 72 | 36 | 36 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 16 | 11 | 5 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 29 | 23 | 6 |
| Non-workers | 1711 | 588 | 1123 |
# Paraerva revoluta

Paraerva revoluta is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It is a shrub endemic to the archipelago of Socotra, which is biogeographically part of East Africa and politically part of Yemen.
It grows in semi-deciduous and evergreen submontane woodlands on the granite slopes of the Hajhir Mountains, where it is locally common in clearings from 500 to 950 meters elevation, and occasionally as low as 250 meters.
# Paraesylacris

Paraesylacris is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
* Paraesylacris bituberosa Breuning, 1940
* Paraesylacris candida Martins & Galileo, 2001
* Paraesylacris columbiana Breuning, 1940
# Varona F.C.

Varona Football Club is a Ni-Vanuatu football association that participates in the Port Vila Football League. Varona FC finished in 9th place in the PVFA League - Second division in 2016.
# Paraesylacris columbiana

Paraesylacris columbiana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1940.
# Valley Regional Council

Valley Regional Council may refer to:
* Bet Shean Valley Regional Council, a regional council in northern Israel that encompasses most of the settlements in the Bet Shean Valley
* Jezreel Valley Regional Council, a regional council in northern Israel that encompasses most of the settlements in the Jezreel Valley
# Paraesylacris bituberosa

Paraesylacris bituberosa (Etymology: Latin: with two tubers), is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1940.
# Paring

Paring may refer to:
* Paring Abbey, a Benedictine monastery
* Paring knife, a small knife with a plain edge blade
# Vargasiella

Vargasiella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two species, both endemic to South America: It has been treated as the only genus in the subtribe Vargasiellinae, but more recently has been included in the subtribe Zygopetalinae.
* Vargasiella peruviana C.Schweinf. - Peru
* Vargasiella venezuelana C.Schweinf. - Venezuela
# Parit Raja

Parit Raja is a town in Batu Pahat District, Johor, Malaysia. The main population of this town and its surrounding areas has been resided by Malay with Javanese descent, besides the Chinese population.
This locality has a unique diversification spanning from foods and cultures. There is lots of restaurant that serves Indian Muslim (colloquially known as "Mamak"), Chinese, Southern Malay and Northern Malay cuisines. This locality also serves as an important marketplace and commercial centre, few examples are, Pasar Isnin-Khamis, Pasar Rabu, making it a hotspot for local farmers, street food hawkers and commercial businesses.
In recent years, the town has seen substantial growth due to the rapid expansion of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) and a few other higher education institutions. Thus, Parit Raja observes rapid growth in economic and social quality development. Parit Raja also has been entitled as the “Education Hub” for the southern state of Johor.

## Geography

Taman Siswa Jaya is a mix residential and commercial just 1 kilometer from UTHM's main entrance and 1.5 km from downtown Parit Raja. It is situated along the trunk road (KM20 Jalan Kluang) in between UTHM and Parit Raja town.
A few examples of neighbourhood that exist in Parit Raja are Kampung Parit Londang, Kampung Parit Bingan, Kampung Parit Haji Ali, Kampung Sungai Rambut and Kampung Seri Dalam
Approximately 23 km away from Bandar Penggaram, Batu Pahat, capital of Batu Pahat district and 7 kilometres away from Ayer Hitam. It is about 10 minutes from the North South Expressway (NSE) Ayer Hitam Exit (KM80) and 20 minutes from Bandar Penggaram. Along the way to Parit Raja, you will pass by many villages and most of them are named after a "Parit", which means "Trench' in English, due to the relatively flat terrain and abundant waterways.The town spans over an area of 19.6 km$^2$.
# Vasconcellea candicans

Vasconcellea candicans is a small tree native to the western slopes of the Andes in southern Ecuador and Peru.

## Description

Small dioecious shrub or tree to 8 m high. Leaves ovate or almost rounded, with a slightly cordate base, margin entire or sometimes sinuately dentate and obtuse or acute apex; palmately veined; glabrous above, hairy below. Male inflorescence a small cyme with many flowers; tiny 5- or 7-lobed calyx; 5- or 7- lobed corolla; stamens twice as many as the lobes of the corolla, with linear-oblong anthers. Flowers greenish to purplish. Fruit ellipsoidal, yellow green at maturity, 10-18 x 4-6 cm; many seeds.

## Vernacular names

Chungay (in Ecuador).
Mito, uliucana, jerju, odeque (in Peru).

## Uses

Edible fruit.

## Cultivation

Propagated by seeds.