OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pebble game

In mathematics and computer science, a pebble game is a type of mathematical game played by placing "pebbles" or "markers" on a directed acyclic graph according to certain rules:
* A given step of the game consists of either placing a pebble on an empty vertex or removing a pebble from a previously pebbled vertex.
* A vertex may be pebbled only if all its predecessors have pebbles.
* The objective of the game is to successively pebble each vertex of G (in any order) while minimizing the number of pebbles that are ever on the graph simultaneously.

## Running time

The trivial solution is to pebble an n-vertex graph in n steps using n pebbles. Hopcroft, Paul and Valiant showed that any vertex of an n-vertex graph can be pebbled with O(n/log n) pebbles where the constant depends on the maximum in-degree. This enabled them to prove that DTIME(f(n)) is contained in DSPACE(f(n)/log f(n)) for all time-constructible f. Lipton and Tarjan showed that any n-vertex planar acyclic directed graph with maximum in-degree k can be pebbled using O(√n + k log$_2$ n) pebbles. They also proved that it is possible to obtain a substantial reduction in pebbles while preserving a polynomial bound on the number of pebbling steps with a theorem that any n-vertex planar acyclic directed graph with maximum in-degree k can be pebbled using O(n$^{2/3}$ + k) pebbles in O(n$^{5/3}$) time. Alon, Seymour and Thomas showed that any n-vertex acyclic directed graph with no k$_h$-minor and with maximum in-degree k can be pebbled using O(h$^{3/2}$ n$^{1/2}$ + k log n) pebbles.

## Variations

An extension of this game, known as "black-white pebbling", was developed by Stephen Cook and Ravi Sethi in a 1976 paper. It also adds white pebbles, which may be placed at any vertex at will, but can only be removed if all the vertex's immediate ancestor vertices are also pebbled. The goal remains to place a black pebble on the target vertex, but the pebbling of adjacent vertices may be done with pebbles of either color.
Takumi Kasai et al. developed a game in which a pebble may be moved along an edge-arrow to an unoccupied vertex only if a second pebble is located at a third, control vertex; the goal is to move a pebble to a target vertex. This variation makes the pebble game into a generalization of games such as Chinese checkers and Halma. They determined the computational complexity of the one-player and two-player versions of this game, and special cases thereof. In the two-player version, the players take turns moving pebbles. There may also be constraints on which pebbles a player can move.
Pebbling may be used to extend Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé games.
# Pectic acid

Pectic acid, also known as polygalacturonic acid, is a water-soluble, transparent gelatinous acid existing in over-ripe fruit and some vegetables. It is a product of pectin degradation in plants, and is produced via the interaction between pectinase and pectin (the latter being common in the wine-making industry.) In the early stage of development of fruits, the pectic substance is a water-insoluble protopectin which is converted into pectin by the enzyme protopectinase during ripening of fruit. In over-ripe fruits, due to the presence of pectic methyl esterase enzyme, the pectin gets largely converted to pectic acid which is water-insoluble. Due to this reason both immature and over-ripe fruits are not suitable for making jelly and only ripe fruits are used.
# Tuszyński

Tuszyński is a Polish surname with Tuszyńska feminine form. Notable people with the surname include:
* Abraham Icek Tuschinski (1886–1942, Polish spelling: Tuszyński), businessman of Jewish Polish descent
* Agata Tuszynska (born 1957), Polish writer, poet and journalist.
* Bogdan Tuszyński (1932–2017), Polish journalist and historian
* Jack Tuszyński (born 1956), Polish oncologist and physicist
* Kamila Tuszyńska, researcher in media studies and comics theoretician.
* Patryk Tuszyński (born 1989), Polish footballer
# Thomas Taylour, Earl of Bective

Thomas Taylour, Earl of Bective (11 February 1844 – 15 December 1893), styled Lord Kenlis until 1870, was an Anglo-Irish Conservative politician.
Bective was the son of Thomas Taylour, 3rd Marquess of Headfort, by his first wife Amelia (née Thompson). Kenlis was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. He entered Parliament for Westmorland in 1871 (succeeding his father), a seat he held until 1885, when the constituency was abolished, and then represented Kendal until 1892. In 1884 he wrote to the Manchester-based Women's Suffrage Journal in support of the principle of women's suffrage, stating, "I think that (with certain limitations) women ought to be owners of the franchise. In fact, I think many women, especially freeholders and those who own a certain amount of property, are much more entitled to it than many men whom it is intended to enfranchise by the present Bill [passed into law as the Representation of the People Act 1884]."
Lord Bective married Lady Alice Maria, daughter of Arthur Hill, 4th Marquess of Downshire, in 1867. They had two daughters:
* Lady Olivia Caroline Amelia Taylour (22 January 1869 – 26 November 1939), married Lord Henry Cavendish Cavendish-Bentinck, half-brother of the 6th Duke of Portland, without issue
* Lady Evelyn Alice Estelle Taylour (10 February 1873 – 16 September 1875)
Bective served as High Sheriff of Westmorland in 1868. He died December 1893, aged 49, predeceasing his father by seven months. His half-brother Geoffrey later succeeded in the marquessate. The Countess of Bective died in 1928.
He was a Freemason, and served from 1886 as Grand Sovereign (head of the Order) of the Masonic and Military Order of the Red Cross of Constantine and the Appendant Orders of the Holy Sepulchre and of St John the Evangelist, which is a masonic order open only to trinitarian Christians. His brother Geoffrey, who succeeded to the marquessate, was also a Freemason.
# Shift Out and Shift In characters

Shift Out (SO) and Shift In (SI) are ASCII control characters 14 and 15, respectively (0x0E and 0x0F). These are sometimes also called "Control-N" and "Control-O".
The original purpose of these characters was to provide a way to shift a coloured ribbon, split longitudinally usually with red and black, up and down to the other colour in an electro-mechanical typewriter or teleprinter, such as the Teletype Model 38, to automate the same function of manual typewriters. Black was the conventional ambient default colour and so was shifted "in" or "out" with the other colour on the ribbon.
Later advancements in technology instigated use of this function for switching to a different font or character set and back. This was used, for instance, in the Russian character set known as KOI7-switched, where SO starts printing Russian letters, and SI starts printing Latin letters again. Similarly, they are used for switching between Katakana and Roman letters in the 7-bit version of the Japanese JIS X 0201.
SO/SI control characters also are used to display VT100 pseudographics. Shift In is also used in the 2G variant of SoftBank Mobile's encoding for emoji.
The ISO/IEC 2022 standard (ECMA-35, JIS X 0202) standardises the generalized usage of SO and SI for switching between pre-designated character sets invoked over the 0x20–0x7F byte range. It refers to them respectively as Locking Shift One (LS1) and Locking Shift Zero (LS0) in an 8-bit environment, or as SO and SI in a 7-bit environment. In ISO-2022-compliant code sets where the 0x0E and 0x0F characters are used for the purpose of emphasis (such as an italic or red font) rather than a change of character set, they are referred to respectively as Upper Rail (UR) and Lower Rail (LR), rather than SO and SI.
# The Haunted House: The Sky Goblin VS Jormungandr

The Haunted House: The Sky Goblin VS Jormungandr (극장판 신비아파트: 하늘도깨비 대 요르문간드) is a South Korean animated film directed by Byeon Young-Kyu.

## Synopsis

A team of paranormal investigators are hired to investigate a haunted house that is rumored to be inhabited by a malevolent spirit known as Jormungandr. The team is led by the charismatic and fearless Sky Goblin, who has a reputation for taking on even the most dangerous cases. As the team begins their investigation, they soon realize that Jormungandr is far more powerful than they ever anticipated. The malevolent spirit possesses the bodies of several members of the team, turning them into its willing servants. Sky Goblin and the remaining team members must use all their skills and knowledge to stop Jormungandr and free their possessed colleagues.
# The Great Simoleon Caper

"The Great Simoleon Caper" is a short story by Neal Stephenson that appeared in TIME on March 1, 1995. It deals with concepts familiar to Stephenson's readers: encryption, digital currency, and distributed republics. It appears to be set in a United States that precedes the events in Stephenson's novel Snow Crash (1992), using an early version of his Metaverse.

## Plot summary

In the story, the protagonist is an underemployed mathematician who resides in the house of his brother's family in Chicago. The brother, owner of an advertising agency, has won a large contract to create ads for "Simoleons", a form of non-governmental electronic "currency". To launch the product, they plan to give away 27 million Simoleons to the winners of a contest. The contest is based on the long-used format of "guess the number of jelly beans in the container", with Chicago's Soldier Field and 26 other football stadiums as the containers.
The brother asks the mathematician ("the hero") to do the calculations needed. The hero complies with the request, using the calculator function of the family's advanced set-top box to speed the long math. Sometime later, while taking a rest break from his online job in the Metaverse, the hero is contacted by a representative of a group of "crypto-anarchists" who have formed a virtual nation called the First Distributed Republic. The FDR warns the hero that the government, which fears E-money, has stolen his calculations by compelling the cable company to tap the family's set-top box. The government plans to give the answers to a group of planted people, who will then proceed to ruin the reputation of Simoleons through various disinformation schemes.
The hero has no actual worry about this, except that his parents are heavily invested in his brother's advertising agency; as the agency would be liable for the loss of security on a project they have contracted for, the agency would go bankrupt, and their parents would lose their money. The FDR, on the other hand, wish to prove that not only would E-money work, but that it can circumvent government controls such as taxes. Together, the hero and the FDR create a simple scheme to foil the plot.
# The Great Silence (disambiguation)

The Great Silence is a 1968 an Italian-French Spaghetti Western directed and co-written by Sergio Corbucci.
The Great Silence may also refer to:
* The Great Silence: Science and Philosophy of Fermi's Paradox, a 2018 book by Milan M. Ćirković
* "The Great Silence" (short story), a 2015 short story by Ted Chiang
* Fermi paradox or the Great Silence, the seemingly paradoxical absence of evidence for extraterrestrial intelligence, named after Enrico Fermi
# The Hipstones

The Hipstones are an Australian/American seven-piece soul, jazz and funk musical group that formed in 2006. Their music is unique in the sense that it fuses traditional soul-like song structures with elements of electronic music (notably vocoders and synthesizers), and vocal harmonies. The band consistes of two permanent members, Mark Palmer and Anthea White, with a rotating ensemble of other jazz and soul musicians based in both Sydney and New York. Mark Palmer is also a member of New York band Wheatus, best known for their 2000 single "Teenage Dirtbag" which was featured in the movie Loser, as well as in the HBO miniseries Generation Kill.

## History

The band was formed in 2006, by Mark Palmer and Anthea White, during a six-month contract gig at the Tokyo Hilton in Shinjuku, Japan. The couple then moved to Sydney, Australia where they formed a 10 piece band and began recording their first album, Something's Gonna Start.
Prior to the release of their second album, Dreamers, in 2009, the band moved to Brooklyn, New York to both develop their musical style and take advantage of the city's vibrant original music scene.
The band is now permanently based in New York City.
The Hipstones' third album Wise Man was funded by the band's fans through crowd sourcing. The album was produced by Justin Stanley, who has also produced for Nikka Costa, Sheryl Crow, Jamie Liddel and Chaka Chan. It was to be released in mid-2014.

## Style

The band's music spans a variety of tempos and styles. Performances see the band fuse traditional jazz, soul and funk with a variety of other alternative including beat-boxing, voice modulation and Oud.
Michael Smith of Drum Media, said that "tonally White is closer to the glistening dulcet tones of local pop diva Abby Dobson than the edgy growl of the classic soul queens, but that merely adds an evocative ache to songs like Revolution."

## Members

The Hipstones' band is generally composed of a bass player, drummer, a string section, and horn section.

### Permanent Members

* Anthea White (Vocals/Modulation)
* Mark Palmer (Vocals/Keys/Modulation)

### Current Collaborators

Live performance make up varies depending on location and set list.
* Victor Rounds (Bass)
* Tim Firth (Drums)
* Matt Ottignon (Saxophone)
* Joy Yates (Backing Vocals)
* Virna Sanzone (Backing Vocals)

### Past Collaborators

* Jackie Orszaczky (Vocals/Bass/Piano)

## Influences

During an interview for Jamsphere, Anthea said that the band was strongly influenced by classic American RnB, soul and funk artists, including, Donny Hathaway, Stevie Wonder, Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, and Roberta Flack. She also cited more modern artists including Erykah Badu, and D’Angelo, as having strong influences on the band's sound.

## Discography
### Albums

* Something's Gonna Start (2007)
* Dreamers (2009)
* Wise Man (2014)

### Singles

List of singles, showing year released and album name :
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Year | Single | AUS | AUS Indie | Album |
| 2014 | "Wise Man" | – | – | Wise Man |
# The Key of Truth

The Key of Truth is a text identified as a manual of either a Paulician or Tondrakian church in Armenia. Frederick Conybeare first identified the 1782 manuscript from the library of Ejmiacin in Armenia and published a translation and edition in 1898.
Conybeare claimed that the text was a servicebook of the medieval Paulicians, and it contains a rite of adult baptism with water and conscious omission of Trinitarian terminology.
There is scholarly consensus that The Key of Truth was used by sectarians with beliefs derived from the Paulicians, but scholars after Conybeare consider that these beliefs may have evolved since the Middle Ages.
# The Icelandic New Business Venture Fund

The Icelandic New Business Venture Fund (also known as the New Business Venture Fund or the NBVF for short) is an independent company owned by the Icelandic government. It began operations in 1998 after a 1997 reorganization of the banking sector of Iceland. The organization is supervised by the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Its purposes are strengthening the economy of Iceland and increasing its internationalization. Some of the organization's activities included helping to start Icelandic New Energy and providing start-up capital to companies. It was founded with a budget of ISK 5 billion. However, the organization was not a major success and made few notable accomplishments.

## History

The Icelandic New Business Venture Fund was founded in 1998 with an allocation of ISK 5 billion. It was formed as part of substantial alterations to the structure of the Icelandic financial market. These alterations included the merging four investment credit funds owned by the state into the fund and the Icelandic Investment Bank. The organization did poorly due to a global stock market decline. However, it did manage to fund the Blue Lagoon, a major tourist attraction in Iceland. According to the OECD Economic Surveys: Iceland 2006, this was the organization's only notable achievement. In 2004, it received another ISK 1 billion followed by another ISK 1 billion in December 2005.

## Activities

The Icelandic New Business Venture Fund is a venture capital fund.
Activities of the fund include providing start-up capital to companies in return for an ownership stake in those companies. They also provide grants and loans. However, few of their investments have proven to be viable and the organization has made few achievements towards their goal; its performance was described in the OECD Economic Surveys: Iceland 2006 as "disappointing".
The fund once entered an agreement with Technological Institute of Iceland to launch a program for supporting "new and innovative" companies. As of 2002, the program was to be implemented by IMPRA on a budget of ISK 60,000,000. Along with the Trade Council of Iceland, the organization has also provided institutional and financial support to the music industry.
An Export Credit Guarantee Department is also operated by the fund. Along with several other organizations, the fund helped to form Icelandic New Energy, a company that aims to eliminate fossil fuel usage in Iceland and have hydrogen fuel be used instead.
# The Language of Cities

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork Media | (7.3/10) |
The Language of Cities is the second studio album by Maserati, released in 2002.

## Track listing

* "Ambassador of Cinema" (6:04)
* "The Language" (7:48)
* "Moving with Heavy Hearts" (7:59)
* "Keep it Gold" (2:53)
* "Being a President Is Like Riding a Tiger" (7:57)
* "Cities" (6:54)
* "A Common Interest in Silence" (2:49)
* "There Will Always Be Someone Behind You" (7:31)
# The Language of Fear

The Language of Fear is the first book by author and journalist Del James. It has 339 pages and is a collection of short dark fiction stories, released in 1995 by Dell Books, a division of Bantam Doubleday Publishing, part of the "Abyss" line of psychological horror. It features an intro by W. Axl Rose and the short story entitled "Without You," which inspired the Guns N' Roses video "November Rain". The book is long out of print, but copies can sell for a few pounds on online auction sites.
On 4 March 2008, a MySpace bulletin was sent from the Guns N' Roses MySpace page, announcing the re-printing of The Language of Fear.

## Contents

* Introduction by W. Axl Rose
* "A Tale of Two Heroines"
* "Adult Nature Material"
* "Bloodlust"
* "Date Rape"
* "High School Memoirs"
* "Mama's Boy"
* "Mindwarp"
* "Saltwater and Blood"
* "Skin Deep"
* "The Atheist Prayer"
* "The Fumes of Friendship"
* "The Immortals"
* "The Melrose Vampire"
* "The Nerve"
* "Without You"
# The Kid's Clever

The Kid's Clever is a 1929 American silent comedy film directed by William James Craft and written by Jack Foley, Ernest Pagano, and Albert DeMond. The film stars Glenn Tryon, Kathryn Crawford, Russell Simpson, Lloyd Whitlock, George Chandler, and Joan Standing. The film was released on February 17, 1929, by Universal Pictures.

## Cast

* Glenn Tryon as Bugs Raymond
* Kathryn Crawford as Ruth Decker
* Russell Simpson as John Decker
* Lloyd Whitlock as Ashton Steele
* George Chandler as Hank
* Joan Standing as A Girl
* Max Asher as Magician
* Florence Turner as Matron
* Virginia Sale as Secretary
* Stepin Fetchit as Negro Man

## Preservation

With no prints of The Kid's Clever located in any film archives, it is a lost film.
# The Leaders (TV series)

The Leaders is an Armenian romantic drama television series. The series premiered on Panarmenian TV on September 21, 2015. The TV series has also aired in Kazakhstan. The series takes place in Yerevan, Armenia.
# The Man of Ten Thousand

The Man of Ten Thousand is a 1796 comedy play by the British writer Thomas Holcroft.
The original Drury Lane cast featured William Barrymore as Sir Pertinax Pitiful, John Palmer as Lord Laroon, Charles Kemble as Dorington, John Bannister as Hairbrain, James William Dodd as Curfew, Richard Suett as Consol, Robert Palmer as Major Rampart, Ralph Wewitzer as Herbert, James Aickin as Hudson, Walter Maddocks as Thomas, John Phillimore as Clerk, Jane Pope as Lady Taunton, Maria Gibbs as Annabel and Elizabeth Farren as Olivia.

## Referdatinences

* ↑ Hogan p.1825
* ↑ Nicoll p.271
* ↑ Hogan p.1825
# The Man of Taste

The Man of Taste is a 1735 comedy play by the British writer James Miller. It was a success and was performed numerous times during the theatre season. It is also known by the longer title The Man Of Taste or, The Guardians.
The original Drury Lane cast included Benjamin Griffin as Sir Positive Bubble, John Mills as Freelove, William Milward as Valentine, John Harper as Sir Humphrey Henpeck, William Mills as Harcourt, Theophilus Cibber as Martin, Richard Cross as Lewis, Joe Miller as Renard, Richard Arne as Almanzor, Frances Cross as Lady Henpeck, Kitty Clive as Maria and Hannah Pritchard as Dorothea and Sarah Thurmond as Dorinda.
# The Loving Women

The Loving Women (Spanish: Las cariñosas) is a 1953 Mexican comedy film directed by Fernando Cortés and starring Amalia Aguilar, Lilia del Valle and Silvia Pinal.

## Cast

* Amalia Aguilar as Laura
* Lilia del Valle as Lola
* Silvia Pinal as Carmen Santibañes
* Víctor Junco as Fernando Mendoza
* Sara Guasch as Fifi
* Tito Novaro as Pedro
* Felipe de Alba as Fernando Mendoza hijo
* José Pidal as Baldomero, mayordomo
* Alfredo Varela as Alberto Covarrubias
* Nicolás Rodríguez as Doctor Castrillón
* Marion del Valle as Lulu
* Consuelo Pastor as Lily
* Armando Acosta as Espectador
* Norma Ancira
* Armando Arriola as Auditor tren
* Magda Donato as Enfermera
* Rafael Icardo as Comisario
* Pompín Iglesias as Botones
* Carlos Martínez Baena
* Manuel Noriega as Paciente viejito
* Carlos Robles Gil as Espectador
* Humberto Rodríguez as Paciente
* Alfonso Torres
* Manuel 'Loco' Valdés as Bailarin
# The Matrix Theatre Company

The Matrix Theatre Company is a theatre company located in Los Angeles, California.
The Matrix was opened in 1977 by producer Joseph Stern.
In 2018 it hosted The Guy Who Didn't Like Musicals by Starkid Productions.

## Awards and nominations

| Awards | Production | Nominations | Wins | Notes |
| 2009 Ovation Awards | Stick Fly | 5 | 1 | Won for Acting Ensemble |
| 2011 Ovation Awards | Neighbors | 4 | 0 | |
| 2012 Ovation Awards | All My Sons | 3 | 0 | |
| 2013 Ovation Awards | We Are Proud to Present a Presentation About the Herero of Namibia, Formerly Known as Southwest Africa, From the German Sudwestafrika, Between the Years 1884-1915 | 1 | 0 | |
# The Menhaden Chanteymen

The Menhaden Chanteymen is a musical group based out of Carteret County, North Carolina. They are a group of retired African-American commercial fishermen who publicly perform the work songs they used when hauling nets.
Their work draws from the genres of hymns, gospel, blues, and barbershop quartet songs. In 1990 the Menhaden Chanteymen recorded a collection of maritime work songs, "Won't You Help Me to Raise 'Em: Authentic Net Hauling Songs from an African-American Fishery," for Global Village Music.

## Awards

The group won a 1991 North Carolina Folk Heritage Award in the category of Folk/Traditional Music.