OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Édouard Grimaux

Louis Édouard Grimaux (3 July 1835, Rochefort-sur-Mer – 2 May 1900, Paris) was a French chemist, known for his research in the area of organic synthesis.

## Biography

From 1853 to 1858 he served as a pharmacist for the French navy at the ports of Rochefort and Toulon. In 1861 he moved to Paris, where he obtained his pharmacy degree (first class). In 1865 he earned his medical doctorate, and during the following year, received his agrégation for chemistry. In 1866 he began work in the laboratory of Charles-Adolphe Wurtz.
In 1873 he became sub-director in the laboratory of advanced studies at the Sorbonne, and three years later, was appointed professor of general chemistry at the Institute of Agronomy. In 1881 he was the successor of Auguste André Thomas Cahours at the École Polytechnique, but was forced to relinquish his professorship in 1898 due to his support regarding the innocence of Alfred Dreyfus.
His research included studies of nitrites, allantoin, aromatic glycols and on the synthesis of citric acid. Also, he conducted extensive research on the properties of numerous uric acid derivatives. In 1881 he succeeded in preparing codeine synthetically from morphine.

## Published works

He was the author of more than 120 scientific papers and books. He is credited with writing the first extensive biography of Antoine Lavoisier. He also published a biography of Charles Frédéric Gerhardt.
* Equivalents, atomes, molécules, 1866.
* Introduction à l'étude de la chimie, théories et notations chimiques, 1883.
* Lavoisier, 1888.
* Chimie organique élémentaire, 1889.
* Charles Gerhardt, sa vie, son oeuvre, sa correspondance, 1816-1856, 1900.
# Île Altazin

Île Altazin is one of the Kerguelen Islands near the coast of Grande Terre, the principal island.
It lies in the Swains Bay between the south-eastern part of the Gallieni Peninsula and the west coast of the Joan of Arc Peninsula, around 1 km NW of the Gaby Island.
The highest point of the island is an unnamed hill that reaches the elevation of 292 m above the sea level.
# ČEZ Aréna

ČEZ Aréna may refer to:
* ČEZ Aréna (Ostrava), in Ostrava, Czech Republic
* ČEZ Aréna (Pardubice), in Pardubice, Czech Republic
* ČEZ Aréna (Plzeň), in Plzeň, Czech Republic
# ČD Class 700

The ČD Class 700 (Formerly ČSD Class T 211.0) is a two-axle diesel–mechanical locomotive. It was designed for shunting in depots, stations and sidings.
In depots, these small locomotives were used for moving and hauling locomotives during repairs (when the locomotives could not move under their own power) and in places where it was necessary to move electric locomotives without overhead lines (in roundhouses, on turntables and in engine sheds where space were limited and therefore the small overall length over the bumpers often played an important role).
The locomotives were manufactured by ČKD between 1957 and 1962. A total of 824 were produced for the Czechoslovak State Railways, various Czechoslovak industrial enterprises and for export to the Soviet Union, the GDR, China, Romania, Albania and Bulgaria.

## Technical details
### Engine

They were fitted with a Tatra 111 A engine. The engine is an air cooled, V12, fuel injected, four-stroke diesel. It has an output of 121 kW and a displacement of 14.823 litres. The cylinder bore is 110 mm and the piston stroke is 130 mm. Each cylinder has one intake and one exhaust valve, an injection nozzle and a piston equipped with five piston rings. The engine has three camshafts. One drives the intake valves and the other two drives the exhaust valves. The idle speed is set to 720 rpm, the nominal (maximum) speed to 1600 rpm.

### Transmission

The locomotives were fitted with a ČKD M 150-4 mechanical, four-speed transmission which is used to transfer power from the engine to the two driven wheelsets.

## Historical locomotives

* 700.851 (Silesian Railway Association)
# Ștefan Gheorghiu

Ştefan Gheorghiu may refer to:
* Ștefan Gheorghiu (trade unionist) (1879–1914), Romanian activist
* Ștefan Gheorghiu (violinist) (1926–2010), Romanian violinist
* Ştefan Gheorghiu, the name under the Communist regime and until 1996 of Chichineţu village, Ciocile Commune, Brăila County, Romania
# Łukta (river)

The Łukta is a river flowing through the village of Łukta, a tributary of the Marąg river.
# Świerże

Świerże may refer to:
* Świerże, Chełm County in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Świerże, Radzyń Podlaski County in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Świerże, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
# Łódź Biennale

The Łódź Biennale (English: Lodz Biennale) was an international art exhibition that was founded by Ryszard Wasko in 2004 in Łódź, and is managed and supervised by the International Artists' Museum. The biennale is based upon ideas developed during the Construction in Process.
In 2004, the biennale consisted of three parts: an International part, a Polish part, and a Łódź part. The biennale had more than 8000 visitors and 93 artists form the whole world took part in the international exhibition.
In 2006, the biennale focused on Polish art.
# Łódź Cathedral

Archcathedral Basilica of St. Stanislaus Kostka is an archcathedral basilica located in Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship; in Poland.

## History

The building committee was called in 1895. The cornerstone was blessed on June 16, 1901, by Bishop of Warsaw Wincenty Teofil Popiel. The building was built out of non-plastered brick, in the Rohbau architectural style, by which the church was built between 1901 and 1912, following the plans of the Wende i Zarske firm. The construction of the church was co-led by Berliner Emil Zillmann, with small corrections made by architects: Józef Pius Dziekoński, and Sławomir Odrzywolski-Nałęcz from Kraków. The naved basilica is based on the Ulm Minster in Ulm, Germany. The archcathedral in Łódź, is the tallest building in the city, with a height of 104.5 metres, and is one of the highest churches in Poland.
# 源信

源信 may refer to:
* Genshin (942–1017), Japanese scholar-monk
* Minamoto no Makoto (810–868), son of the Japanese emperor Saga
# Ōhora Shell Mound

Ōhora shell midden (大洞貝塚, Ōhora kaizuka) is an archaeological site consisting of a Jōmon period shell midden and the remains of an adjacent settlement located in what is now the city of Ōfunato, Iwate Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It is protected by the central government as a National Historic Site in 2001.

## Overview

During the early to middle Jōmon period (approximately 4000 to 2500 BC), sea levels were five to six meters higher than at present, and the ambient temperature was also 2 deg C higher. During this period, the Tōhoku region was inhabited by the Jōmon people, many of whom lived in coastal settlements. The middens associated with such settlements contain bone, botanical material, mollusc shells, sherds, lithics, and other artifacts and ecofacts associated with the now-vanished inhabitants, and these features, provide a useful source into the diets and habits of Jōmon society. Most of these middens are found along the Pacific coast of Japan. The rocky ria coast of Iwate Prefecture was densely settled from the early through late Jōmon period, and the locations of such coastal settlements are often marked by shell middens containing the remains of shellfish, fish, animal and whale bones and human-produced artifacts, including earthenware shards, fishing hooks, etc.
The rocky rias coast of Iwate Prefecture was densely settled from the early through late Jōmon period. In particular, the deeply indented Ōfunato Bay area was a rich fishing ground and is the location of 16 known Jōmon-period shell middens, a number of which have been designated National Historic Sites. The Ōhora Shell Midden dates from the late Jōmon period, and is located at an elevation of 31 meters above the present sea level, on a small peninsula on the east side of the bay.
The midden consists of two separate groups of mounds, which were first excavated in 1925 by the Tohoku Imperial University and again in 2002. The type of pottery found at this site was of a type widely distributed throughout the Tōhoku region and into southern Hokkaido. The shell middens are between a grouping of kofun to the east and the remains of a residential area to the west, which is in turn surrounded by more shell middens on its far side, indicating a very long period of residency. In some cases, the middens were over one meter thick. The contents was overwhelmingly shellfish; however, bones from Sitka deer, wild boar, and numerous species of fish and birds were also discovered. Carved bone implements, such as fishhooks and harpoons, spoons and other artifacts were also discovered.
In 1925, archaeologist Kiyo Yamauchi published a dissertation outlining the chronological order of the Jōmon earthenware, based on the difference in design of earthenware recovered from these middens.
The site was backfilled after excavation, and nothing remains above ground but an explanatory plaque. The site is located approximately five minutes on foot from Rikuzen-Akasaki Station on the Sanriku Railway Rias Line.
# Şehitler

Şehitler can refer to one of the following places in Turkey:
* Şehitler, Enez
* Şehitler, Narman
# Лв

Лв is a Cyrillic currency sign which may refer to:
* Bulgarian lev
* Kyrgyzstani som
# Suchi

Suchi may refer to:
* Suchi, "needle" in Sanskrit. It is also a name of vyuha battle formation in the Hindu epic Mahabharata
* Suchi (politician), Indian politician
* Suchitra, Indian singer and actress, also known as Suchi
* Suchi, Raebareli, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India
# Florent Mols

Florent Mols (11 March 1811, Antwerp – 17 January 1896, Antwerp) was a Belgian painter who specialized in landscapes and genre scenes. His most familiar works were created as a result of trips to Greece and Egypt.

## Biography

He was born to the Jonkheer François Mols (1767–1845), and his wife, Theresa Van de Zanden (1781–1813). His primary art lessons came from Ferdinand de Braekeleer and Mattheus Ignatius van Bree at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts.
In 1838, he travelled to Egypt and the Middle East in the company of the noted art patron, Charles Stier d’Aertselaer (1770–1847). While in Ankara, he met and befriended his fellow Belgian painter, Jacob Jacobs, and they continued travelling together; taking the Nile as far as Nubia. Later that year, they were in Egypt at the same time as David Roberts, and worked together, sketching ancient monuments.
He later took a second trip to Egypt with the history painter, Franz Vinck. After returning through Alexandria, they visited Greece, then crossed to Trieste and made their way through Austria and Germany to Saint Petersburg. Near the end of 1839, he returned to Antwerp through Northern Germany. He brought a few antiquities with him, as well as Arabic and Coptic manuscripts.
He married Elise-Hubertine Brialmont (1822–1894) in 1842. They had four children: Léonie-Marie, who became an art collector and patron, Marie-Clementine, Robert, who also became a painter, and Alexis.
# Tawanda Kanhema

Tawanda Kanhema (born 1981 or 1982) is a Zimbabwean photographer and product manager. He helped map 500 miles of Zimbabwe for Google Street View as a volunteer.

## Early life and education

Tawanda Kanhema is from the city of Salisbury, Zimbabwe. He studied documentary film-making and journalism at University of California, Berkeley.

## Career

As of 2019, Kanhema was a product manager in Silicon Valley. In 2009, he noticed that Zimbabwe was not represented on Google Street View. He subsequently volunteered to carry the Street View gear across 2,000 mi (3,200 km) of Zimbabwe so that it would be more complete and representative. He captured images in Zimbabwe via helicopter, speedboat, bicycling, car, and hiking. Ultimately, about 500 mi (800 km) of his travels across the country were uploaded to the Street View platform. Kanhema acted as a volunteer for Google for this project, spending US$5,000 of his own money to travel and take the pictures for Street View. In March 2019, he was paid by the Mushkegowuk Council of northern Ontario to document the ice roads connecting their villages for Street View. Kanhema views his efforts as part of a wider effort to make Zimbabwe more attractive and accessible to tourists, and to improve geospatial data availability and quality in the region.

## Personal life

In 2009, Kanhema moved from Zimbabwe to the US. He lived in Berkeley, California as of 2019.
# Stag (film)

Stag is a 1997 American thriller film, directed by Gavin Wilding, made for HBO and later released theatrically after drawing large ratings. Stag features an ensemble cast headed by Mario Van Peebles, Andrew McCarthy, Kevin Dillon, Taylor Dayne, John Stockwell, William McNamara, John Henson, Jerry Stiller and Ben Gazzara. It was produced by Lions Gate Entertainment.

## Plot

At Ken's bachelor party, a group of men are partying with two stripper sisters named Serena (Taylor Dayne) and Kelly (Jenny McShane). Serena steals one of the men and makes love to him, while a group of men party with her sister Kelly. Kelly accidentally falls onto the stone floor and dies. Another person, her bodyguard, also dies in an accident. Arriving and witnessing the accidental deaths of Kelly and her bodyguard, Serena begins crying and confronts a group of men, who give a weak apology.
Two of the men then kidnap Serena and hold her hostage upstairs. A group of men cover their tracks and eliminate the bodies of the two deceased people. A rescuer frees Serena, but he and Serena are kidnapped by their captors. He and Serena are later rescued. Grabbing the two guns in her hands, Serena shoots and murders her kidnappers.
The reason the wild party began was to turn the tables on Ken, who had always made others the subject of his pranks.

## Cast

* Mario Van Peebles
* Andrew McCarthy
* Kevin Dillon
* Taylor Dayne
* John Stockwell
* William McNamara
* John Henson
* Jerry Stiller
* Ben Gazzara

## Release

Stag premiered on HBO in June 1997.

## Reception

Brendan Kelly of Variety called it "an efficient psychological thriller" that "becomes a tad predictable". Nathan Rabin of The A.V. Club called it "stagey, badly written, and mind-numbingly predictable". TV Guide rated it 2/4 stars and called it "a sometimes gripping, sometimes frustrating suspense drama". Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called it "relentlessly obvious and tedious".
It has been compared to 1998's Very Bad Things, a film which also revolves around the death of a stripper at a bachelor party. The producers of Very Bad Things were not aware of Stag while the movie was being written. By the time Very Bad Things began being financed, the producers had found out about Stag, and changes were made to the script to make it less similar.
# Stadion am Hutrasen

Stadion am Hutrasen was a football stadium and is now a sports ground in Schweinfurt, Germany. It was the venue of 1. FC Schweinfurt 05 and VfR 07 Schweinfurt, and is today used by Türkiyemspor SV-12 Schweinfurt for its home games.

## History

In 1905, the City of Schweinfurt donated a lawn at Hutrasen, south of river Main, to newly established 1. FC Schweinfurt 05 as training ground and for its home games. At the end of the First World War, however, the club had to move to a court in close proximity.
After interim use as agricultural area, in 1928 Hutrasen became the home to local competitor VfR 07 Schweinfurt, who expanded the ground into a football stadium with a capacity of 6,000 in 1941. At that time, the club of Germany international footballer Robert Bernard had a couple of successful seasons in the top tier Gauliga Bayern. In 1940, VfR Schweinfurt defeated Mühlheimer SV 06 2–1 at Stadion am Hutrasen in its first round match to the German Cup (Tschammerpokal).
After World War II, VfR 07 could not continue on the old road to success, and Stadion am Hutrasen hosted lower league football only. In the 1960s, the sports ground became unusable for a few years due to the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal construction project. As a consequence, the pitch had to be turned by 90 degrees, and today is not exactly located at its former position.
VfR 07 Schweinfurt had to declare insolvency in April 2011, and Stadion am Hutrasen was leased to Turkish-German club Hilalspor Schweinfurt, which is now Türkiyemspor SV-12 Schweinfurt. VfR Schweinfurt was finally dissolved in 2015.
# Stanislas Naulin

Stanislas Naulin (27 April 1870 – 3 November 1932) was a French general.
He commanded the 19th Army Corps (France) after the First World War.
# Stanisława Ryster

Stanisława Ryster née Tirk (2 May 1942 – 27 March 2024) was a Polish lawyer and presenter associated with the Polish Television (TVP), in the years 1975–2006 she was the host of the game show Wielka gra.

## Biography

Born in Lviv. She graduated from the Maria Konopnicka High School in Katowice and then studied law at the University of Warsaw.
In 1966, she began working in television, where she initially hosted youth programs and game shows. In 1975 she became the host of the game show Wielka gra on TVP, which she hosted continuously until 2006. In 2010 she returned to the TVP, hosting the program Wielka gra – na bis on TVP Polonia.
She was buried on 10 April 2024, in the grave of her parents (Norbert and Janina Tirk) at the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw.

## Awards

* 1998 Super Wiktor for a television personality for lifetime achievement
* Fifth place in the 1999 Telekamery
# Stapenberg

The Stapenberg is a 443-metre-high (1,453 ft) hill spur in the Harz Mountains of central Germany in Harz district in the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt.

## Location

The Stapenberg lies on the northern edge of the Harz within the Harz/Saxony-Anhalt Nature Park. It rises southwest of the village of Benzingerode in the borough of Wernigerode. To the north the country descends into the northern Harz Foreland.

## History

In 1470 the hill came into the ownership of a local knight, Hans Knauth.

## Views and hiking

The Stapenberg is known because of its views of the Brocken, the highest peak in the Harz, and over the northern Harz Foreland between Wernigerode and Heimburg, which are currently visible thanks to logging on the summit. A steeply climbing footpath runs over the hill from the direction of Benzingerode towards the Hermannsweg and Wernigerode Castle or towards Elbingerode (Harz). On the summit is check point no. 33 in the network of walking trails called the Harzer Wandernadel.
# Stanleyville

Stanleyville may refer to:

## United States

* Stanleyville, North Carolina
* Stanleyville, Ohio, an unincorporated community

## Elsewhere

* Stanleyville, Belgian Congo, the former name for Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Stanleyville, a community in the township of Tay Valley, Ontario, Canada

## Film

* Stanleyville (film), a 2021 Canadian dark comedy film by Maxwell McCabe-Lokos
# Stait

Stait is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Brent Stait (born 1959), Canadian actor
* Carolyn Stait (born 1957), English Royal Navy officer
* Don Stait (1928–2007), Australian rugby league footballer
# Stakesby

Stakesby may refer to -

## Places

* Stakesby, North Yorkshire
* High Stakesby, North Yorkshire

## Ships

* SS Stakesby, a number of ships with this name
* Stakesby (1814 ship) – launched at Whitby and foundered 1846
# Star sapphire

Star sapphire or Star Sapphire may refer to:
* Star sapphire, a type of sapphire gemstone that exhibits a star-like reflection of light (an asterism)
* The Armstrong Siddeley Star Sapphire, a British car manufactured from 1958 to 1960
* Star Sapphire (DC Comics character), the name of several fictional supervillains in DC Comics publications
* Star Sapphire, a fictional character from the Touhou Project series of video games
* Star Sapphire, Forbidden Planet Robby the Robot - "Star Sapphires take a week to crystalize properly."
# Stanford Wong Video Poker

Stanford Wong Video Poker is a 1990 video game published by Villa Crespo Software.

## Gameplay

Stanford Wong Video Poker is a game in which the best possibilities and probabilities are shown for video poker.

## Reception

Michael S. Lasky reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "Villa Crespo Software has done it again: found a way to make better gamblers out of all of us, while we have fun learning just how to accomplish this seeming impossible feat."

## Reviews

* Game Players PC Entertainment
* Game Players PC Entertainment
* Compute!
* Electronic Games
* Compute!
# Start the Machine (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Classic Rock | |
Start the Machine is the eighth album by California stoner rock band Fu Manchu. This is the first studio album featuring new drummer Scott Reeder.

## Personnel

* Scott Hill – lead vocals, guitar
* Bob Balch – guitar, backing vocals
* Brad Davis – bass, theremin, backing vocals
* Scott Reeder – drums, backing vocals

### Production

* Brian Joseph Dobbs – producer, engineer, mixing
* Danielle Burns – digital editing
* David Paul Jr. Collins – mastering
* Carl Saff – remastering
# Starving artist

A starving artist is an artist who sacrifices material well-being in order to focus on their artwork. They typically live on minimum expenses, either for a lack of business or because all their disposable income goes toward art projects. Related terms include starving actor and starving musician.
Some starving artists desire mainstream success but have difficulty due to high barriers to entry in fields such as the visual arts, the film industry, and theatre. These artists frequently take temporary positions such as waitering or other service industry jobs while they focus their attention on "breaking through" in their preferred field. The Starving Artists Project describes these artists as those who have not yet broken into their careers.
Other artists may find enough satisfaction in living as artists to choose voluntary poverty regardless of their prospects for future financial reward or broad recognition. Virginia Nicholson writes in Among the Bohemians: Experiments in Living 1900–1939:
   Fifty years on we may judge that Dylan Thomas's poverty was noble, while Nina Hamnett's was senseless. But a minor artist with no money goes as hungry as a genius. What drove them to do it? I believe that such people were not only choosing art, they were choosing the life of the artist. Art offered them a different way of living, one that they believed more than compensated for the loss of comfort and respectability.

## Cultural depictions

The starving artist is a typical late 18th and early 19th-century Romanticism figure featured in many paintings and works of literature. In 1851, Henri Murger wrote about four starving artists in Scènes de la Vie de Bohème, the basis for operas entitled La bohème by both Puccini and Leoncavallo. Knut Hamsun's 1890 novel Hunger featured a starving artist as the protagonist. In 1922, Franz Kafka wrote a short story called "A Hunger Artist" about a man who seeks fame for his public performances of fasting.
# State Highway 33 (Kerala)

State Highway 33 (SH 33) is a State Highway in Kerala, India that starts in Thodupuzha and ends at Kumily road. The highway is 92.1 km long.

## The Route Map

Thodupuzha junction (SH 8) - Muttom - Kuruthikalam - Meenmutty - Painavu junction - Road to Idukki dam takes off - Kattappana junction - Puliyanmala - joins Munnar - Kumily road