OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valentin Gröne

Valentin Gröne (7 December 1817 – 18 March 1882) was a Catholic theologian. He obtained a Doctor of Theology from the University of Munich in 1848. In 1868, he became the dean of Irmgarteichen, within Netphen.

## Known works

* "Tetzel und Luther oder Lebensgeschichte und Rechtfertigung des Ablasspredigers und Inquisitors Dr. Johann Tetzel aus dem Predigerorden (Soest and Olpe, 1853, 2nd ed. 1860, abridged popular ed., "Tetzel und Luthur", Soest, 1862)
* "Die Papst-Geschichte" (2 vols., Ratisbon, 1864–66, 2nd ed., 1875)
* "Sacramentum oder Begriff und Bedeutung von Sacrament in der alten Kirche bis zur Scholastik" [Brilon (Soest), 1853]
* "Glaube und Wissenschaft" (Schaffhausen, 1860)
* "Der Ablass, seine Geschichte und Bedeutung in der Heilsokonomie" (Ratisbon, 1863)
* "Compendium der Kirchengeschichte" (Ratisbon, 1870)

### Minor writings

* "Zustand der Kirche Deutschlands vor del Reformation" in the "Theologische Quartalschrift" (Tübingen, 1862), 84-138
* "Papst und Kirchenstaat" (Arnsberg, 1862)
# R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Simms

R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Simms [1999] UKHL 33 is a UK constitutional law case, concerning parliamentary sovereignty.

## Facts

Simms and another prisoner, both serving life sentences for murder, brought judicial review proceedings against the Home Secretary’s contention that they could not have oral interviews with journalists unless no part would be published. Under the Prison Act 1952 section 47(1) the Home Secretary had passed Prison Service Standing Order 5, paragraph 37-A which restricted oral interviews with journalists. The prisoners contended this impinged upon the right of journalists to free speech under the European Convention on Human Rights article 10, because practically the opportunity for any investigation into their convictions would be inhibited by not allowing them to speak. The prisoners could, however, engage in written correspondence.
Latham J held that the prisoners should be able to do oral interviews. The Court of Appeal held the prisoners could not do oral interviews.

## Judgment

The House of Lords allowed the appeal. Lord Steyn gave the leading judgment.
Lord Hoffmann agreed with Lord Steyn and said the following.
   Parliamentary sovereignty means that Parliament can, if it chooses, legislate contrary to fundamental principles of human rights.
   The constraints upon its exercise by Parliament are ultimately political, not legal. But the principle of legality means that Parliament must squarely confront what it is doing and accept the political cost. Fundamental rights cannot be overridden by general or ambiguous words. This is because there is too great a risk that the full implications of their unqualified meaning may have passed unnoticed in the democratic process. In the absence of express language or necessary implication to the contrary, the courts therefore presume that even the most general words were intended to be subject to the basic rights of the individual. In this way the courts of the United Kingdom, though acknowledging the sovereignty of Parliament, apply principles of constitutionality little different from those which exist in countries where the power of the legislature is expressly limited by a constitutional document.
Lord Hobhouse gave a concurring opinion. Lord Browne-Wilkinson agreed with Lord Steyn. Lord Millett agreed with Lord Steyn and Lord Hobhouse.
# R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Doody

R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Doody [1993] UKHL 8, [1994] 1 AC 531 was an important UK constitutional law case concerning applications for judicial review.

## Facts

Four prisoners, Stephen Doody, John David Pierson, Elfed Wayne Smart and Kenneth Pegg, serving mandatory life sentences, requested judicial review after the Home Secretary refused to release them after serving their minimum terms, but gave no reason for the decision. Under common law, there is no duty to give reasons for decisions; however, this case is one of the exceptions.

## Judgment

Lord Mustill judged that the Home Secretary must give reasons for their decision. He argued that decisions made using a statutory power must be reached fairly, because all statutory powers are granted with the implicit assumption that they will be wielded fairly. As a result, he concluded it will often be necessary to allow a person to make representations, and therefore to allow them to know what they are responding to, they must be permitted to hear the reason they are having to make the representations at all.
   What does fairness require in the present case? My Lords, I think it unnecessary to refer by name or to quote from, any of the often-cited authorities in which the courts have explained what is essentially an intuitive judgment. They are far too well known. From them, I derive that:-
   * Where an Act of Parliament confers an administrative power there is a presumption that it will be exercised in a manner which is fair in all the circumstances.
   * The standards of fairness are not immutable. They may change with the passage of time, both in the general and in their application to decisions of a particular type.
   * The principles of fairness are not to be applied by rote identically in every situation. What fairness demands is dependent on the context of the decision, and this is to be taken into account in all its aspects.
   * An essential feature of the context is the statute which creates the discretion, as regards both its language and the shape of the legal and administrative system within which the decision is taken.
   * Fairness will very often require that a person who may be adversely affected by the decision will have an opportunity to make representations on his own behalf either before the decision is taken with a view to producing a favourable result; or after it is taken, with a view to procuring its modification; or both.
   * Since the person affected usually cannot make worthwhile representations without knowing what factors may weigh against his interests fairness will very often require that he is informed of the gist of the case which he has to answer.— Lord Mustill
# ROKS Seoul

ROKS Seoul is the name of three Republic of Korea Navy warships:
* ROKS Seoul (LCI-101), a landing craft infantry commissioned as USS LCI(L)-594 in 1944, and acquired 15 September 1946
* ROKS Seoul (DD-912), a Fletcher-class destroyer commissioned as USS Halsey Powell in 1943, and acquired 1968
* ROKS Seoul (FF-952), an Ulsan-class frigate commissioned on 14 December 1985
# There Came an Echo

There Came an Echo is a real-time tactics video game developed for Microsoft Windows through Steam in 2015, and for PlayStation 4's PlayStation Network in 2016. It is the sequel to the 2011 video game Before the Echo. The player can use a voice control system to direct their units around the battlefield to ensure a tactical advantage over the enemy. The game features voice actors Wil Wheaton, Ashly Burch, Yuri Lowenthal, Laura Bailey and Cassandra Morris.
The game was crowdfunded via Kickstarter for $115,570 (USD) by 3,906 backers, the requested budget was $90,000. The game received further investment from Intel to implement Intel's RealSense technology.

## Development

The developer has shown interest in bringing the game to Linux and SteamOS provided there is sufficient community support to do so. It was also mentioned that the main blocker is the proprietary voice libraries currently used by the game that do not support those platforms, so another library would need to be found that would suit the functional needs of the game.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | (PS4) 59/100 (PC) 58/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| 4Players | (PC) 71% |
| Destructoid | (PC) 6/10 |
| Edge | (PC) 5/10 |
| GamesMaster | (PC) 43% |
| GameSpot | (PC) 4/10 |
| GamesTM | (PC) 6/10 |
| GameZone | (PC) 7.5/10 |
| Hardcore Gamer | (PC) 4/5 |
| PlayStation Official Magazine – UK | (PS4) 5/10 |
| Push Square | (PS4) |
The game received "mixed" reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
Hardcore Gamer said of the PC version, "Iridium Studios has demonstrated how to properly create something fresh and exciting that encapsulates everything that the indie scene is capable of. Sure, its story can get a bit incoherent, its non-voice controls are awkward, and there are moments of spotty voice-recognition, but the good greatly outweighs what little bad there is."
# Transitive alignment

In linguistic typology, transitive alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment used in a small number of languages in which a single grammatical case is used to mark both arguments of a transitive verb, but not with the single argument of an intransitive verb. Such a situation, which is quite rare among the world's languages, has also been called a double-oblique clause structure.
Rushani, an Iranian dialect, has this alignment in the past tense. That is, in the past tense (or perhaps perfective aspect), the agent and object of a transitive verb are marked with the same case ending, while the subject of an intransitive verb is not marked. In the present tense, the object of the transitive verb is marked, the other two roles are not – that is, a typical nominative–accusative alignment.
az-um
I(ABS)-1SG
pa
to
Xaraɣ
Xorog
sut
went
az-um pa Xaraɣ sut
I(ABS)-1SG to Xorog went
'I went to Xorog'
mu
me(OBL)
tā
you(OBL)
wunt
saw
mu tā wunt
me(OBL) you(OBL) saw
'I saw you' (double oblique: literally 'me saw thee')
az
I(ABS)
tā
you(OBL)
wun-um
see-1SG
az tā wun-um
I(ABS) you(OBL) see-1SG
'I see you' (nominative–accusative)
According to Payne, it's clear what happened here: Rushani once had a split-ergative alignment, as is common in the area, where the object was marked (oblique) in the present tense, but the agent was marked in the past. The case forms of the object were then leveled, and with the marking applied to the past tense as well. However, this resulted in a complication, the typologically unusual situation where the agent and object are treated the same, and different from the intransitive subject. Given its rarity, one might expect such a system to be unstable, and indeed it appears to be changing. Payne reports that younger speakers change the past-tense construction to one of the following, either using the absolutive (= nominative) inflection for the agent:
az-um
I(ABS)-1SG
tā
you(OBL)
wunt
saw
az-um tā wunt
I(ABS)-1SG you(OBL) saw
'I saw you' (nominative–accusative)
or secondarily marking the object as an object, using the preposition az (literally 'from'):
mu
I(OBL)
az
ACC
taw
you(OBL)
wunt
saw
mu az taw wunt
I(OBL) ACC you(OBL) saw
'I saw you' (effectively, accusative and double-accusative)
# Sparse matrix–vector multiplication

Sparse matrix–vector multiplication (SpMV) of the form y = Ax is a widely used computational kernel existing in many scientific applications. The input matrix A is sparse. The input vector x and the output vector y are dense. In the case of a repeated y = Ax operation involving the same input matrix A but possibly changing numerical values of its elements, A can be preprocessed to reduce both the parallel and sequential run time of the SpMV kernel.
# USS Scout (SP-114)

The second USS Scout (SP-114) was an armed steamboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel in 1917.
Scout was built as a civilian pleasure craft in 1900 by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company at Bristol, Rhode Island. The U.S. Navy acquired Scout from her owner, Mr. August Belmont of New York City, on 25 May 1917 for use as a patrol boat during World War I. She was commissioned on 25 June 1917 as USS Scout (SP-114).
Assigned to the 3rd Naval District, Scout served on patrol duty in the New York City area for five months. Apparently she was unsuitable for naval service, because the Navy returned her to her owner on 12 December 1917.
# Under Byen

Under Byen were a Danish band founded in 1995 mainly by Katrine Stochholm and Henriette Sennenvaldt.
Under Byen (Danish for "Below the City") were known for producing their own unorthodox interpretation of rock. They rarely use guitars. Instead their soundscape is dominated by piano, cello, violin, electrically distorted saw, organ, drums and percussion. They perform a somewhat different vein of rock (or pop) spiced up with jazzy, folky and classical elements. An important part of the music are also the poetic Danish lyrics which are presented to the listener by female vocals.
The 1999 debut album Kyst impressed music critics, who applauded the band for creating their own style and tone. The second album Det er mig der holder træerne sammen (2002), which translates to ‘it’s me who holds the trees together', was equally praised and has grown to be highly acclaimed. In 2004 it was re-released outside Denmark.
In 2004 the band remixed Rammstein's 2004 Single Ohne Dich.
In 2006 the band released their album Samme stof som stof to rave reviews.
Far from being a mainstream act Under Byen has nevertheless attracted a growing devoted fanbase following the release of their two albums and intense live shows.
Under Byen's influences are very diverse. Lead singer Henriette Sennenvaldt has been quoted as saying she was inspired by traffic. And if Kyst would be said to have a theme it would probably be water and harbours. They rarely cite any direct musical influences, but on occasion band members have expressed their fondness for artists such as Stina Nordenstam, Björk, Tori Amos, Sigur Rós, Tom Waits, Mogwai, Mark Hollis and Talk Talk.
In 2010 the band released their fourth album, Alt Er Tabt, which translates to "all is lost." The album was released on April 6 by Paper Bag Records.

## Members

* Henriette Sennenvaldt – vocals, lyricist
* Rasmus Kjær Larsen – pianos
* Nils Gröndahl – violin, saw, lapsteel, a variety of guitar pedals
* Morten Larsen – drums
* Sara Saxild – bass
* Anders Stochholm – percussion, accordion, harmonica, guitar
* Stine Sørensen – drums, percussion
* Morten Svenstrup – cello

### Former members

* Katrine Stochholm – composer, melodica, backing vocals, piano, lyricist
* Myrtha Wolf – cello
* Thorbjørn Krogshede – composer, piano, bass clarinet

## Discography
### Albums

* Kyst, 1999
* Remix, 2001
* Det er mig der holder træerne sammen, 2002
* 2 ryk og en aflevering, soundtrack album, 2003
* Samme stof som stof, 2006
* Alt er tabt, 2010

### EPs

* Puma, 1997
* Live at Haldern Pop, 2004
* Siamesisk, 2008
* Protokol, 2013

### Singles

* "Veninde i vinden", 1998
# Treaty of Ceprano

Treaty of Ceprano may refer to:
* Treaty of Ceprano (1080), Pope Gregory VII established an alliance with Robert Guiscard and recognizes his conquests
* Treaty of Ceprano (1230), established lines of reconciliation between Pope Gregory IX and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II
# Tricycle Foundation

The Tricycle Foundation is a not-for-profit educational organization based in New York City with a stated mission of introducing and disseminating Buddhist views and values in the West. Formerly called The Buddhist Ray, Inc., the foundation was established in 1990. In 1991 it launched Tricycle: The Buddhist Review.
# Trinchesia divanica

Trinchesia divanica is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trinchesiidae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, Russia.
# Tryin' to Get There

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Country Weekly | link |
Tryin' to Get There is the fourth studio album by American country music artist David Lee Murphy. It was released on March 23, 2004 by Audium Records. Its lead-off single "Loco", released in early 2004, was a Top 5 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. "Inspiration" was also released, but failed to make Top 40. Audium/Koch closed its country division in 2005.

## Track listing

All songs written by David Lee Murphy and Kim Tribble, unless noted otherwise.

## Personnel

* Larry Beaird – acoustic guitar
* Spady Brannan – bass guitar
* Mike Brignardello – bass guitar
* Pat Buchanan – electric guitar, harmonica
* J. T. Corenflos – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
* Thom Flora – background vocals
* Steve Hinson – steel guitar
* Paul Leim – drums
* Gordon Mote – keyboards
* David Lee Murphy – lead vocals, background vocals, acoustic guitar
* Jimmy Nichols – keyboards
* Russ Pahl – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, steel guitar
* Lee Roy Parnell – slide guitar and background vocals on "Inspiration"
* Dave Pomeroy – bass guitar
* Paul Scholten – drums, percussion
* Hank Singer – fiddle, mandolin
* Russell Terrell – background vocals
* Kim Tribble – background vocals

## Chart performance

| Chart (2004) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums | 46 |
| U.S. Billboard Independent Albums | 32 |
# Trust the Navy

Trust the Navy is a 1935 British comedy film directed by Lupino Lane and starring Lane, Nancy Burne and Wallace Lupino. It was made at Cricklewood Studios. It marked the screen debut of Guy Middleton, who went on to be a leading character actor in British films of the following decades.

## Cast

* Lupino Lane as Nip Briggs
* Nancy Burne as Susie
* Wallace Lupino as Wally Wopping
* Guy Middleton as Lieutenant Richmond
* Miki Hood as Andree Terraine
* Ben Welden as Scar
* Fred Leslie as Chief Petty Officer
* Doris Rogers as Martha
* Reginald Long as Serge Chungster
* Arthur Rigby as Lambert Terrain
* Charles Sewell
* Arthur Stanley
# Trousdale, Oklahoma

Trousdale is a ghost town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, at an elevation of 960 feet. It is located about 6 miles south of Tribbey, Oklahoma, just west of Oklahoma State Highway 102.
It was named for William F.A. "Billy" Trousdale, early sheriff of Pottawatomie County. The settlement was created on March 7, 1904, shortly after the railroad came through in 1903. In 1957 the citizens of Trousdale voted to annex their school district to Tribbey. The post office closed June 16, 1967.
# Trångsviken

Trångsviken is a locality situated in Alsen, Krokom Municipality, Jämtland County, Sweden with 288 inhabitants in 2010.
# Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine

Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine is the organophosphorus compound with the formula P(SiMe$_3$)$_3$ (Me = methyl). It is a colorless liquid that ignites in air and hydrolyses readily.

## Synthesis

Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine is prepared by treating trimethylsilyl chloride, white phosphorus, and sodium-potassium alloy:
    1/4 P$_4$ + 3 Me$_3$SiCl + 3 K → P(SiMe$_3$)$_3$ + 3 KCl
Several other methods exist.

## Reactions

The compound hydrolyzes to give phosphine:
    P(SiMe$_3$)$_3$ + 3 H$_2$O → PH$_3$ + 3 HOSiMe$_3$
Treatment of certain acyl chlorides with tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine gives phosphaalkynes, one example being tert-butylphosphaacetylene.
    Synthesis of a phosphaalkyne using tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine.
Reaction with potassium tert-butoxide cleaves one P-Si bond, giving the phosphide salt:
    P(SiMe$_3$)$_3$ + KO-t-Bu → KP(SiMe$_3$)$_2$ + Me$_3$SiO-t-Bu
It is a reagent in the preparation of metal phosphido clusters by reaction with metal halides or carboxylates. In such reactions the silyl halide or silyl carboxylate is liberated as illustrated in this idealized reaction:
    P(SiMe$_3$)$_3$ + 3 CuCl → Cu$_3$P + 3 ClSiMe$_3$

## Safety

Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine spontaneously ignites in air, thus it is handled using air-free techniques.
# Tsarichino

Tsarichino is a village in Balchik Municipality, Dobrich Province, northeastern Bulgaria.
# Trạm Tấu district

Trạm Tấu is a rural district of Yên Bái province, in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2019, the district had a population of 33,962. The district covers an area of 742 km². The district capital lies at Trạm Tấu.
# Tsokye Dorje

Tsokye Dorje (Tibetan: གཙོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ, Wylie: mTs'o skyes rdo rje, 1450–1510) was a regent of Tibet who ruled in 1491–1499. He belonged to the Rinpungpa family and headed the central government in Nêdong during the minority of the heir of the Phagmodrupa dynasty.

## Rinpungpa ascendency

Tsokye Dorje was the fourth son of Norzang, who founded the fortunes of the Rinpungpa in 1435. From this time the family dominated political life in the Tsang region (West Central Tibet) at the expense of the Phagmodrupa kings who resided in Nêdong in Ü (East Central Tibet). When Norzang died in 1466, his second son Kunzang took over the leadership of the family, while Tsokye Dorje received the fief Khartog in the Yarlung Valley area. The direct influence of the Phagmodrupa was on the wane, and in 1481 one of their line was deposed by his ministers after a Rinpungpa attack. The next ruler Ngagi Wangpo had a short and turbulent reign, and when he died in 1491 his son Ngawang Tashi Drakpa was only a boy of three. It was then decided to appoint Tsokye Dorje of the Rinpungpa as regent during his minority. At this time the chief of the Rinpungpa faction was Tsokye Dorje's nephew Donyo Dorje (1463–1512).

## Internal feuding

In spite of the position of Rinpungpa kinsmen in both Tsang and Ü, the political turmoil in Central Tibet continued. In 1492 Donyo Dorje invaded Ü and captured three districts. In 1498 he captured Lhasa where his forces maintained Rinpungpa power until 1517. The Rinpungpa were intimately allied to the Karmapa sect. The Gelugpa monks of Drepung and Sera were therefore impeded from celebrating the annual Monlam festival during the occupation of Lhasa. Finally, in 1499, several officers under Donyo Dorje convened in Nêdong and decided to enthrone the Phagmodrupa heir Ngawang Tashi Drakpa. Tsokye Dorje appears to have handed over power without making trouble, and eventually died in 1510. He may have had an appeasing influence on political affairs, since his demise immediately triggered a violent conflict between Donyo Dorje and Ngawang Tashi Drakpa. A son of Tsokye Dorje, Ngawang Namgyal, later became the leader of the Rinpungpa faction.
# RDH14

Retinol dehydrogenase 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RDH14 gene.
# Third Eye (Redd Kross album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Entertainment Weekly | B |
| Q | |
| Rolling Stone | |
Third Eye is the third studio album by Redd Kross. It was released by Atlantic Records on September 14, 1990. It includes "Annie's Gone", which peaked at number 16 on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart. The naked masked woman on the cover of the album is Sofia Coppola. The band's guitarist Robert Hecker provided vocals on "1976", doing a Paul Stanley impersonation, which led people to believe Stanley did the singing.

## Critical reception

Alex Henderson of AllMusic gave the album 4.5 stars out of 5, saying: "While some punk enthusiasts missed the old Kross, this decent though not outstanding album proves that the band was still worthwhile at the dawn of the '90s." Greg Sandow of Entertainment Weekly gave the album a grade of B, saying: "Their uncanny '60s echoes have to be taken with a mountain or two of irony, which — take your choice — gives the album depth, or else weighs the group's cute little tunes down with more significance than they can easily bear." Jeremy Clarke in Q Magazine described the album as a "potent neo-pop with bright melodies".

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.