OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# September 1920 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election

An election for the leadership of the New Zealand Liberal Party was held on 7 September 1920 to choose the next leader of the party. The election was won by Hutt MP and recent acting party leader Thomas Wilford.

## Background

At the 1919 general election the Liberal Party fared poorly losing many seats including that of its leader Sir Joseph Ward. Due to Ward's failure to gain re-election to parliament the acting leader, William MacDonald, took over leadership of the party in January 1920. Macdonald led the party for several months before his health started to deteriorate in mid-1919 after he broke his arm in an accident. As a result, he took leave from his Parliamentary duties for several weeks in order to go to Auckland on a health recuperating visit, leaving Thomas Wilford to act as Leader of the Opposition. Macdonald recovered following his treatment in Auckland and was able to resumed his seat in Parliament. However he died suddenly in his home in Kelburn on 31 August 1920, leaving the party leaderless for the second time in less than a year.

## Candidates
### Thomas Wilford

Wilford, aged 50, had already had a long political career. He had been an MP continuously since 1902, Chairman of the Wellington Harbour Board and Mayor of Wellington for two years each as well as being a cabinet minister in the wartime coalition government from 1917 to 1919. He had taken a leading role in the party for several years including being one of the main architects of the updated policy manifesto the Liberals took to the electorate at the 1919 general election. When Sir Joseph Ward had lost his parliamentary seat he was speculated as a possible replacement leader, but Wilford ruled himself out in favour of MacDonald.

### Others

The names of several other Liberal MPs were suggested as possible leaders:
* George Forbes, the MP for Hurunui since 1908 and Senior Whip of the Liberal Party since 1912.
* Arthur Myers, the MP for Auckland East since 1910 who was Minister of Finance in the short-lived Mackenzie Ministry of 1912 and Minister of Customs in the wartime coalition government from 1917 to 1919.
* Thomas Sidey, an MP since 1901 for the Caversham and then Dunedin South electorates.

## Result

A caucus meeting was held with Forbes presiding as chairman. Wilford was nominated by Sidey and seconded by Āpirana Ngata. No other MPs were nominated so as the only officially nominated candidate, he was elected as leader unopposed by the caucus.

## Aftermath

Wilford presided over a period of continued decline for the Liberal Party. There were internal divisions that emerged with a small band of Liberal MPs who did not accept Wilford as their leader and preferred the party to remain leaderless until Ward could re-enter Parliament. Wilford had reconciled with these members over the next year and led the party at the 1922 general election, gaining three seats. He resigned the leadership for health reasons in 1925 so he could travel to England for medical treatment.
# Sergio Valente

Sergio Valente was an American clothing brand. Originally, the brand produced designer jeans for men, women and children in the 1970s and 1980s. In the 1990s, it was relaunched and focused on juniors' and women's designer jeans and stretch-denim fabrics. It is owned by the privately held Seattle Pacific Industries Inc. (based in Seattle and Kent, Washington), also the Reunion and Saltaire menswear brands and the Unionbay teen-clothing brand. Sergio Valente has fashion showrooms in New York City and Los Angeles. Its jeans are sold in the United States, United Kingdom and Japan.

## History

The brand was established by Englishtown Sportswear Ltd. in 1975 when designer jeans were in ascendance in the US. Its supposed original designer, Sergio Valente, is fictitious and never existed. Englishtown Sportswear Ltd. was a company in New York City, formed by William Hsu, Martin Heinfling, Brian Leung, Tony Lau, Eli Kaplan and Leo Zelkin. Kaplan was bought out around the early-to-mid 1980s, and Zelkin and Heinfling left the company by 1992, the latter having become a prominent Broadway producer. The remaining shareholders, Leung and Lau, merged Englishtown into Seattle Pacific Industries, which relaunched Sergio Valente sometime thereafter.
# Sessilina

Sessilina is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

## Species

* Sessilina horrida McAlpine & Schneider, 1978
* Sessilina literata McAlpine & Schneider, 1978
* Sessilina nigrilinea Walker, 1861
# Sessility (botany)

In botany, sessility (meaning "sitting", in the sense of "resting on the surface") is a characteristic of plant organs such as flowers or leaves that have no stalk. Plant parts can also be described as subsessile, that is, not completely sessile.
A sessile flower is one that lacks a pedicel (flower stalk). A flower that is not sessile is pedicellate. For example, the genus Trillium is partitioned into multiple subgenera, the sessile-flowered trilliums (Trillium subgen. Sessilia) and the pedicellate-flowered trilliums.
The term "sessility" is also used in mycology to describe a fungal fruit body that is attached to or seated directly on the surface of the substrate, lacking a supporting stipe or pedicel.
# Serra da Chela

The Serra da Chela is a mountain range in south-central Angola. The mountains, rising to 2,306 meters (7,566 ft) above the coastal plains, are among the highest in the country. It forms part of the Great Escarpment of southern Africa, separating the Huíla Plateau of the interior from the low-lying coastal Namib Desert.
To its west there are some inselbergs, remnants of the plateau from a time when it was more extensive. In many places impassable, the escarpment may be accessed by the road running east from Capangombe to Humpata on the plateau.
The range was formed approximately 200 million years ago, when the supercontinent Pangaea broke up. What is now the Serra da Chela range was on the edge of one of the tectonic plates where Africa connected to South America, and rose slowly upward as the Atlantic Ocean formed between the separating plates.
# Serusiauxiella

Serusiauxiella is a genus of leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Strigulaceae. It has three species, all of which are found in wet tropical forests in China. The genus was circumscribed in 2020 by Shu-Hua Jiang, Robert Lücking, and Jiang-Chu Wei, with Serusiauxiella filifera assigned as the type species. The genus name honours Belgian lichenologist Emmanuël Sérusiaux, "in recognition of his important contributions to lichenology, foliicolous lichens and the genus Strigula".
The three species in the genus are characterised by having macroconidia with appendages that rapidly elongate (up to 70 μm) after waiting up to 1 hour in microscope slide preparations called squash mounts. The photobiont partner is a green alga of the genus Trentepohlia. This is unlike the related genus Strigula, which has Cephaleuros as the photobiont.

## Species

* Serusiauxiella filifera S.H.Jiang, Lücking & J.C.Wei (2020) – southern China
* Serusiauxiella flagellata S.H.Jiang, Lücking & J.C.Wei (2020) – South China
* Serusiauxiella sinensi S.H.Jiang, Lücking & J.C.Wei (2020) – South China
# Río Negro (Los Lagos)

The Río Negro (Spanish for "black river") is one of the principal tributaries of the Rahue River in southern Chile. It runs from south to north draining part of the eastern slopes of Cordillera Pelada. The commune of Río Negro derives its name from the river.
# Server Normal Format

Server Normal Format (SNF) is a bitmap font format used by X Window. It is one of the oldest X Window font formats. Nowadays it is rarely used, however it is still supported by the latest X.org server. SNF fonts had the problem of being platform dependent, therefore they needed to be compiled on each system. In 1991, X11 moved away from SNF fonts to Portable Compiled Format, which could be shared between systems.
# Río Negro (film)

Río Negro (literally Black River) is a 1977 Cuban documentary film about class struggle in the Escambray mountain range in Cuba. It was directed by Manuel Pérez. The film was entered into the 10th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Special Prize.

## Cast

* Mario Balmaseda
* Sergio Corrieri
* René de la Cruz
* Alejandro Lugo
* Raúl Pomares
* Nelson Villagra
# Seven Steps to Heaven (composition)

"Seven Steps to Heaven" is a 1963 jazz composition by Victor Feldman and Miles Davis. Different lyrics to it were written much later by Cassandra Wilson and Jon Hendricks. This iconic jazz standard was introduced in 1963 by the Miles Davis Quintet. Although Feldman played and recorded with Davis in Los Angeles on Seven Steps to Heaven, and he appears on half of the tracks of the album, the West Coast-based pianist did not want to follow Davis to New York, where the album version of the composition was finally recorded with Herbie Hancock on piano.

## Composition

Seven Steps to Heaven is a 32-bar composition in AABA form; it has an intro, an interlude and an ending - but these are the same. It was originally played in an up-tempo swing style in the key of F Major.
# Seán Cronin

Seán Cronin (29 August 1922 – 9 March 2011) was a journalist and former Irish Army officer and twice Irish Republican Army chief of staff.

## Biography

Cronin was born in Dublin but spent his childhood years in Ballinskelligs, in the County Kerry Gaeltacht.
During the Second World War, Cronin was an officer in the Southern Command in the Irish Defence Forces. He later emigrated to New York City, where he found work as a journalist. In America, he became involved with Clan na Gael and later joined the Irish Republican Army.
In 1955 he returned from the United States and began work as a subeditor in the Evening Press.
He was soon put in charge of training in the IRA. He outlined his ideas in a booklet, Notes on Guerrilla Warfare. He became the chief strategist for the Border Campaign code named Operation Harvest (1956-62), which saw the carrying out a range of military operations from direct attacks on security installations to disruptive actions against infrastructure. Cronin believed that a strong campaign of attacks on police barracks, military installations and government buildings would force the withdrawal of security forces from villages and small towns thereby making large areas of the north ungovernable. He was arrested and imprisoned several times over the course of this campaign.
On two occasions, from 1957 to 1958 and then 1959 to 1960, Cronin was IRA chief of staff. He also served as editor of the Sinn Féin United Irishman newspaper.
Jailed for his activities, he left the IRA in 1962 after his release from prison.
He later became a journalist for The Irish Times, becoming that paper's first Washington, D.C. correspondent.
He was the author of a dozen books and pamphlets, including a biography of republican Frank Ryan, Washington's Irish Policy 1916-1986: Independence, Partition, Neutrality, an authoritative account of Irish-US relations; Our Own Red Blood about the 1916 Easter Rising; and a number of works on guerrilla strategy, including an early Sinn Féin pamphlet Resistance under the pseudonym of J. McGarrity.
After several years of illness, Cronin died in Washington on 9 March 2011. He is survived by his second wife, Reva Rubenstein Cronin.
# Sevens

Sevens may refer to:

## Music

* Sevens (album), a 1997 album by Garth Brooks
* Sevens (band), a band on the ATIC Records label

## Sport

* Rugby sevens, a variant of rugby union football
* Rugby league sevens, a variant of rugby league football
* The Sevens Stadium, a rugby stadium in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
* The nickname of the Delaware 87ers, an American professional basketball team in the NBA G League
* Sevens (variation of football), a variant of football

## Other

* Sevens (film), a 2011 Indian film
* Sevens (card game)
* Sevens (dance group), from North Macedonia
* Sevens (Enneagram of Personality), model of personality types
* Seven Buildings, formerly located in Washington, D.C.
* Colloquial name for the Sevens Ale House, Boston, United States
# Sesuvium

Sesuvium is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. The roughly eight species it contains are commonly known as sea-purslanes.

## Selected species

* Sesuvium crithmoides Welw. – Tropical sea-purslane
* Sesuvium edmonstonei Hook.f. – Galápagos carpet weed
* Sesuvium maritimum (Walter) B.S.P. – Slender sea-purslane
* Sesuvium microphyllum Willd.
* Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. – Shoreline sea-purslane
* Sesuvium sessile Pers. – Western sea-purslane
* Sesuvium trianthemoides Correll – Texas sea-purslane
* Sesuvium verrucosum Raf. – Verrucose sea-purslane
# Shadgeldi

Hajji Sayf al-Din Shadgeldi Padishah (Old Anatolian Turkish: شاد كلدی; died 1381) was Emir of Amasya from 1359 until his death. He was the second oldest son of Hajji Kutlu Shah and became the emir of Amasya in August–September 1359. He received his education from Mawlana Fakhr al-Din Ilyas in Amasya and was a classmate of Aqsara'i. He was initially loyal to Eretna but exercised autonomy following his death.

## Early life and first reign

Shadgeldi was the second eldest son of Hajji Kutlu Shah. He received his education from Mawlana Fakhr al-Din Ilyas in Amasya and was a classmate of Aqsara'i. Hajji Kutlu Shah appointed him as the emir of Amasya in August–September 1359 and sent his older brother and former Emir of Amasya, Shihab al-Din Ahmad Shah, to govern Sivas, departing to fight off the Karamanids. When Kutlu Shah died and most of the military was abroad with him, Shadgeldi was forced out of Amasya by Ala al-Din Ali Beg, who claimed rule in 1361.

## Second reign

Several months later, Shadgeldi reclaimed the rule. He appointed the emir of Niksar, Siraj al-Din Muhammad Beg as his vizier, the kadi al-kudat (lit. 'kadis of kadis') of Amasya, Nizam al-Din Mahmud as the kazasker, Aqsara'i as the kadi of Amasya, and Gumushluoghlu Hajji Sinan al-Din Yusuf as the defterdar.
# Shadh-Shapur

Shadh-Shapur was an Iranian king who ruled Spahan and its surroundings as a vassal of the Parthian Empire in the early 3rd-century. In 224, the Sasanian king Ardashir I seized the city and killed him.

## Sources

* Hansman, J. (2006). "ISFAHAN iv. PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XIII, Fasc. 6. pp. 635–638.
* Al-Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir (1985–2007). Ehsan Yar-Shater (ed.). The History of Al-Ṭabarī. Vol. 40 vols. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
* This biography of an Iranian ruler or member of a royal family is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Shakti Singh Yadav

Shakti Singh Yadav (born 1 January 1973) is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Hilsa in the 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Rashtriya Janata Dal. He is currently Spokesperson of Rashtriya Janata Dal.
# Rüdiger Hoffmann

Rüdiger Hoffmann (born March 30, 1964, in Paderborn) is a German comedian.

## Life

Hoffmann works as comedian on German television.

## Comedian Works by Hoffmann

* 1995: Der Hauptgewinner
* 1997: Es ist furchtbar aber es geht (with Jürgen Becker)
* 1998: Asien. Asien.
* 2000: Ich komme...!
* 2003: Ekstase
* 2005: Kostbarkeiten – Das Beste aus 5 Programmen
* 2006: Rüdiger Hoffmann – Das Beste vom Besten live
* 2007: Der Atem des Drachen
* 2007: Sex oder Liebe
* 2010: Das beste aus 25 Jahren
* 2010: Obwohl
* 2015: Aprikosenmarmelade

## Films

* 2004: 7 Dwarves – Men Alone in the Wood
* 2006: 7 Zwerge – Der Wald ist nicht genug

## Awards

* 1989: St. Ingberter Pfanne
* 1994: Salzburger Stier
* 1996: Goldene Schallplatte for Der Hauptgewinner
* 1999: Goldene Europa in category Comedy
* 1999: Echo in category Comedy
* 2003: Goldene Schallplatte for Ich komme …!
# Sextus Nonius Quinctilianus (consul 8)

Sextus Nonius Quinctilianus (fl. 1st century AD) was a Roman Senator. He was appointed consul in AD 8 as the colleague of Marcus Furius Camillus.

## Biography

Nonius Quinctilianus was probably the son of Lucius Nonius Asprenas, who was the son of the suffect consul of 36 BC, and Quinctilla, who was the sister of Publius Quinctilius Varus (who died at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest). It has also been postulated that he may have been the natural son of Publius Quinctilius Varus and who was at some point adopted by his brother-in-law Lucius Nonius Asprenas. If so, he might have been a son of Varus' wife Vipsania.
In 6 BC, Nonius Quinctilianus was a Triumvir monetalis. In 4 BC he accompanied Varus to Syria, probably as one of his military tribunes. His "election" as Roman consul in AD 8 occurred under unusual circumstances as the elections in AD 7 for the following year's magistrates were so contentious that the emperor Augustus was forced to appoint them himself, with Augustus selecting Nonius Quinctilianus as one of the consuls. He was subsequently appointed the proconsular governor of Asia, serving in AD 16/17.
Nonius Quinctilianus married Sosia, a daughter of Gaius Sosius, the consul of 32 BC, and they had at least two sons, Sextus Nonius Quinctilianus, the suffect consul of AD 38, and Lucius Nonius Quinctilianus.
# S63

S63 may refer to:

## Aviation

* Savoia-Marchetti S.63, an Italian flying boat
* Sikorsky S-63, an American helicopter
* Skyharbor Airport, in Dallas County, Alabama, United States

## Other uses

* S-63 (encryption standard), securing electronic navigational chart data
* S63 (Long Island bus), United States
* BMW S63, an automobile engine
* INS Sindhurakshak (S63), a submarine of the Indian Navy
* Mercedes-Benz S63 AMG, a German sedan
* S63: In case of accident by inhalation: remove casualty to fresh air and keep at rest, a safety phrase
* Spanish submarine Marsopa (S 63)
* S63, a postcode district for Rotherham, England
# SC 11

SC 11, SC-11, SC.11, SC11 or variants may refer to:
* SC 11, South Carolina Highway 11
* SC11, a FIPS 10-4 region code, see List of FIPS region codes (S–U)
* SC-11, a subdivision code for the Seychelles, see ISO 3166-2:SC
* (17457) 1990 SC11, an asteroid
# Sextus Palpellius Hister

Sextus Palpellius Hister was a Roman senator and general who was active during the Principate. He was suffect consul in the nundinium of March-July 43 with Lucius Pedanius Secundus as his colleague.
An inscription from Pietas Julia in Istria, erected by one Gaius Precius Felix Napolitanus, provides us many details of his cursus honorum, although not in chronological order. Hister began his career as one of the decemviri stlitibus judicandis, one of the four boards that form the vigintiviri; membership in one of these four boards was a preliminary and required first step toward gaining entry into the Roman Senate. His next documented office was military tribune of Legio XIV Gemina, at the time stationed at Moguntiacum in Germania Superior. Of the traditional Republican cursus, only the offices of plebeian tribune and praetor are recorded in this inscription, but one can assume that he had also been quaestor. The inscription also attests he was a legatus, which could mean either that he was a governor of an imperial province, or had been a commander of a Roman legion) and governor of a public province. While Hister was a praetor, he also achieved the honor of being a comites or companion of the emperor Claudius.
One office Hister held not specifically named in the Istrian inscription was governor of the imperial province of Pannonia; Tacitus is our source for this fact. While the translation of Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb call this governor "P. Atellius Hister", editions of Tacitus more recent than that used by Church and Brodribb call him "Palpellius Hister". Further, P. Atellius Hister is not otherwise attested. Tacitus attests that Palpellius Hister held this post in the year 50, when Vannius, king of the Quadi, was driven from his throne and kingdom by Vibilius, king of the Hermunduri, and two sons of Vannius' sister, Vangio and Sido. Although the emperor Claudius declined to intervene in this conflict, he gave orders to Hister to have his legions and some picked Auxiliaries encamped on the banks of the Danube "as a support to the conquered and a terror to the conqueror, who might otherwise, in the elation of success, disturb the peace of our empire."
# Ryūkyū Shintō-ki

Ryūkyū Shintō-ki (琉球神道記) or An account of the ways of the gods in Ryūkyū is a five-volume treatise of c. 1605/6 by the Jōdo-sect Japanese priest Taichū Ryōtei (袋中良定) (1552–1639), who lived in Naha from 1603 to 1606. Unlike most Okinawan literature, it predates the Satsuma invasion of 1609. A woodblock print edition was published in Kyoto in 1648.
The five volumes traverse Indian and Chinese Buddhism before turning to the religions of the Ryūkyū Kingdom. The work includes the earliest extant version of the Ryūkyūan creation myth as well as the first account of Minamoto no Tametomo coming to Okinawa and there siring the future King Shunten.
# Shama (1974 film)

Shama is a 1974 Pakistani Urdu romantic drama film directed by Nazar Shabab. The film had a multi-starrer cast with Muhammad Ali, Deeba, Waheed Murad, Nadeem, Babra Sharif, and Zeba in the lead roles.
It was a remake of Shabab Kiranvi's Mehtaab (1962). Shama won a Nigar Award in the best playback singer category.

## Cast

* Muhammad Ali
* Deeba
* Waheed Murad
* Nadeem
* Babra Sharif
* Tamanna
* Khalid Saleem Mota
* Saqi
* Chakram
* Akhtar Shad
* Neelufar
* Special appearances: Zeba, Farzana, and Allauddin

## Release and box office

Shama was released on 25 December 1974. It was a golden jubilee hit with 65 theatrical weeks.

## Music and soundtracks

Shama's playback music was composed by M. Ashraf and lyrics were penned by Tasleem Fazli:
* Aisay Mousam Mein Chup Kyun Ho... Singer(s): Nahid Akhtar
* Ho Meri Sanwli Saloni Mehbooba... Singer(s): Mehdi Hassan
* Kisi Mehrban Nay Aa Kay Meri Zindagi Saja Di... Singer(s): Naheed Akhtar
* Na Ghar Say Nikalna, Yun Zulfein Bakheray... Singer(s): Mehdi Hassan
* Yeh Tera Aana, Bheegi Raton Mein... Singer(s): Mehdi Hassan
* Zulmi Nay Haaey Chabo Di Sui... Singer(s): Naheed Akhtar

## Awards

| Year | Film | Award | Category | Awardee | Ref. |
| 1974 | Shama | Nigar Award | Best Playback Singer | Nahid Akhtar | |

## Trivia

A song from the film "Kisi Mehrban Ne Aakay Meri Zindgi Saja Di" was copied in the 1992 Indian film Kal Ki Awaz, sung by Asha Bhosle.
# SEC Pitcher of the Year

Southeastern Conference Player of the Year refers to the most outstanding player for the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in baseball or softball for a given season.
* Southeastern Conference Baseball Pitcher of the Year
* Southeastern Conference Softball Pitcher of the Year
# S. Philip Morgan

S. Philip Morgan (born 1953) is the Alan Feduccia Professor of Sociology at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and a former director of the Carolina Population Center. Morgan holds a master's and Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Arizona, and bachelor's in sociology from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.

## Awards

* 2014 Distinguished Professor of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
* 2011 Recipient: Distinguished Career Award, Sociology of the Family Section, American Sociological Association
* 2008 Norb F. Schaefer Professor of International Studies, Duke University, Durham, NC
* 2003 Elected President of the Population Association of America
# Shamsi, Nepal

Samsi, Nepal is a village development committee in Mahottari District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3258 people living in 554 individual households.
# S-methyl-5'-thioinosine phosphorylase

S-methyl-5'-thioinosine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.44, MTIP, MTI phosphorylase, methylthioinosine phosphorylase) is an enzyme with systematic name S-methyl-5'-thioinosine:phosphate S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    S-methyl-5'-thioinosine + phosphate $\rightleftharpoons$ hypoxanthine + S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate
The catabolism of 5'-methylthioadenosine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves deamination to S-methyl-5'-thioinosine (EC 3.5.4.31, S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine deaminase) and phosphorolysis to hypoxanthine.