OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Reay

Thomas Osmotherly Reay (24 January 1834 – 14 June 1914) was an English first-class cricketer and clergyman.
The son of John Reay, he was born at London in January 1834. He was educated at Eton College, where he played for the cricket eleven for three years. From Eton he went up to Exeter College, Oxford. Reay was a member of Oxford University Cricket Club, but did not play first-class cricket for the club. He did however play two first-class matches for the Marylebone Cricket Club while studying at Oxford, playing against the Surrey Club at The Oval in 1853 and Oxford University at Oxford in 1855. He scored 14 runs in these two matches, with a highest score of 8.
After graduating from Oxford he took holy orders in the Anglican Church. Reay held two ecclesiastical posts in Essex, the first at Dovercourt from 1871 to 1880, and the second at Prittlewell for 34 years from 1880. He was also a chaplain to the 1st Essex Artillery Volunteers. He died at Prittlewell. His cousin was Oswell Borradaile, a prominent figure in Essex County Cricket Club.
# Seetha Amman Temple

Seetha Amman Temple, or Seetha Eliya Seethai Amman Thirukkovil, also known as Ashok Vatika Sita Temple, is an ancient Vaishnavite Hindu temple located in the Nuwara Eliya District of Central Sri Lanka. The temple's folklore is deeply connected to the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. According to the epic, after Sita was abducted by King Ravana of Lanka, she was brought to this location. Ravana sought vengeance against Rama and Lakshmana to avenge the disrespect shown to his sister, Shurpanakha.
In the Ramayana, Ravana offered Sita a place in his palace, but she refused, choosing instead to remain in exile for 14 years, waiting for Rama to rescue her. Ravana then created a natural garden, now known as Hakgala Botanical Garden, near the temple where Sita could wait. The nearby river is said to be the place where Sita bathed under the guard of Asura women and meditated until Rama's arrival. It is also believed to be the site where Hanuman first met Sita and gave her Rama's wedding ring as a sign of hope.This temple is believed to be the only Sita temple in the world.
Initially, this site featured a simple temple with stones representing Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita. When Indian Tamils arrived as indentured workers brought by the British, they constructed the current temple. To this day, the temple is maintained by the Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka, rather than the native Sri Lankan Tamils. It is primarily visited by Indians as a pilgrimage to one of the Ramayana Sthalas.

## Location

Sita Eliya Sita Temple is located 8 km (5.0 mi) southeast of the main town of Nuwara Eliya, along the Peradeniya-Badulla-Chenkaladi Highway. Approximately 1.7 km (1.1 mi) southeast of the temple lies Hakgala Botanical Garden, believed to be the garden created by Ravana for Sita according to the Ramayana.

## Legend

Seetha Eliya Seethai Amman Thirukkovil, also known as Ashok Vatika Sita Temple, is believed to be the site where Sita was held captive by the Rakshasa king Ravana, according to the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. Sita prayed daily for her husband Rama to rescue her from this place. The temple is located in the Nuwara Eliya District of Central Sri Lanka and is surrounded by significant mythological landmarks.
Near the temple runs a stream, said to have been formed to meet the needs of Sita Devi during her captivity at Ashok Vatika. It is believed that Sita bathed in this stream. On the rock face across the stream are circular depressions, which are regarded as the footprints of Hanuman. According to the Ramayana, Hanuman met Sita at this location and gave her Rama's wedding ring as a sign of hope. Additionally, Ravana had created a natural garden, now known as Hakgala Botanical Garden, for Sita to wait for Rama's arrival. This site, rich in mythological significance, continues to attract devotees and tourists who revere the story of Sita's devotion and endurance.
# South Korea at the 1994 Asian Games

South Korea (IOC designation:Korea) participated in the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima, Japan from October 2 to October 16, 1994.

## Medal summary
### Medal table

| Sport | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| Wrestling | 9 | 1 | 6 | 16 |
| Shooting | 7 | 8 | 9 | 24 |
| Judo | 7 | 3 | 4 | 14 |
| Bowling | 4 | 4 | 3 | 11 |
| Badminton | 4 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
| Taekwondo | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Athletics | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
| Archery | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| Fencing | 2 | 3 | 4 | 9 |
| Gymnastics | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
| Weightlifting | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
| Soft tennis | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
| Cycling | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| Swimming | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
| Boxing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Field hockey | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Handball | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Table tennis | 1 | 3 | 4 | 8 |
| Modern pentathlon | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Basketball | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Volleyball | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Canoeing | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| Golf | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Tennis | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Rowing | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| Equestrian | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Sailing | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Wushu | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Baseball | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Synchronized swimming | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (30 entries) | 63 | 56 | 64 | 183 |
# Trioceros incornutus

Trioceros incornutus, the Ukinga hornless chameleon, is a species of chameleon found in Tanzania.
# HMS Ettrick (K254)

HMS Ettrick was a River-class frigate that fought for the Royal Navy and the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. The vessel primarily saw action in the Battle of the Atlantic as a convoy escort. The ship was named for the Ettrick Water in Scotland.
Ettrick was ordered 1 June 1941 as part of the River-class building programme. The vessel was laid down on 31 December 1941 by John Crown & Sons at Sunderland and launched 25 February 1943. The ship was one of six frigates of the class to be fitted with steam turbines instead of the standard reciprocating machinery. She was commissioned into the Royal Navy on 11 July 1943.

## War service
### Royal Navy

After commissioning and trials, Ettrick was assigned to the Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) as a convoy escort. From Dec 1943 to Mar 1944, she was commanded by Lt Cdr Nicholas Monsarrat, who later depicted her as "HMS River" in his 1946 novel H. M. Frigate. The ship was initially assigned to escort group C-1, a Canadian-commanded group. In January 1944 she put in at Halifax, Nova Scotia to undergo a refit. While there she was turned over to the Royal Canadian Navy.

### Royal Canadian Navy

On 29 January 1944, while undergoing a refit at Halifax, Ettrick was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy. Once the refit was completed, the vessel was assigned to MOEF escort group C-3. She made two round trips to Derry with the group before transferring out to join escort group 27 based out of Halifax. On 14 January 1945, she rammed U-1232 during the defence of convoy BX 141, damaging the submarine's conning tower. The submarine however was able to escape. The ship remained as a local escort until the end of hostilities in Europe. She returned to the United Kingdom in May and was returned to the Royal Navy on 30 May 1945.

## Postwar service

Following the vessel's return to the Royal Navy, she was converted to a combined operations headquarters ship. The ship however was never recommissioned into the fleet and saw no service in her new capability. In April 1946 Ettrick was laid up at Harwich. The vessel was broken up in 1953 at Grays.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "Battle Honours". Britain's Navy. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
* ↑ "Battle Honours 2". Veterans Affairs Canada. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
* 1 2 3 4 "HMS Ettrick (K254)". uboat.net. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
* 1 2 3 4 Macpherson, Ken; Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces, 1910–2002 (3 ed.). St. Catharines: Vanwell Publishing Limited. p. 98. ISBN 1551250721.
* 1 2 "HMS, later HMCS Ettrick, frigate". naval-history.net. Retrieved 31 August 2014.

## Sources

* Macpherson, Ken; Barrie, Ron. (2002) Warships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002. 3rd Edition. St. Catharines: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-55125-072-1
# Somnath Superfast Express

The 22957 / 22958 Somnath Superfast Express is a superfast express train belonging to Indian Railways that runs between Ahmedabad Junction and Veraval Junction in India.
It operates as train number 22957 from Ahmedabad Junction to Veraval Junction and as train number 22958 in the reverse direction.

## Coaches

The 22957/22958 Somnath Superfast Express presently has 1 AC 2 tier, 2 AC 3 tier, 10 Sleeper Class & 3 General Unreserved coaches.
As with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

## Service

22957 Somnath Superfast Express covers the distance of 432 kilometres in 7 hours 50 mins (55 km/h) & in 7 hours 50 mins (55 km/h) as 22958 Somnath Superfast Express.
As the average speed of the train is around 55 km/h, as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.

## Traction

It is hauled by a Vatva Loco Shed based WAP-4E electric locomotive on its entire journey.

## Time Table

* 22957 Somnath Superfast Express leaves Ahmedabad Junction on a daily basis at 22:10 PM IST and reaches Veraval at 06:00 AM IST on the next day.
* 22958 Somnath Superfast Express leaves Veraval on a daily basis at 21:35 PM IST and reaches Ahmedabad Junction at 05:25 AM IST on the next day.
# Spinning Dragons

Spinning Dragons is a spinning roller coaster located at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. Manufactured by Gerstlauer, it was the second ride of its kind in the world after the Fairly Odd Coaster at Mall of America's Nickelodeon Universe. The ride was built in the East Asia area of the park in 2004 following the retirement of the Orient Express the previous year. The ride was installed by Ride Entertainment Group, who handles all of Gerstlauer's operations in the Western Hemisphere.

## History

On October 29, 2003, Worlds of Fun announced that Orient Express would be removed. That same day, the park announced that a new spinning roller coaster named Spinning Dragons would be added to the park.
The ride was set to open on April 3, 2004, but the opening was delayed. Spinning Dragons officially opened two weeks later on April 17, 2004.

## Seating arrangement and capacity

There are 6 cars. The riders are arranged 2 across in 2 rows, facing each other, for a total of 4 riders per car. Giving the ride a maximum capacity of 24 riders at a time. The ride has an estimated hourly operating capacity of 720 riders per hour.
# Thomas Gerard (historian)

Thomas Gerard (1593–1634), lord of the manor of Trent in Somerset (now in Dorset), was an antiquary and historian of the county of Dorset and is the author of "Coker's" Survey of Dorsetshire.

## Career

He was born at Trent, in Somerset, in 1593 and was educated at Gloucester Hall, Oxford.

### Country historian

He was the first "county historian" of Dorset, but his work has traditionally been attributed to the clergyman John Coker, hence known as "Coker's Survey of Dorsetshire". He thus joined other "county historians" who made an appearance during his era, such as Sir William Pole (d.1635) and Tristram Risdon (d.1640) of Devon, William Burton (d.1645) of Leicestershire (a friend of his), etc., and most notably William Camden (d.1623).

### Publications

* "Coker's" Survey of Dorsetshire, Containing the Antiquities and Natural History of that County, published posthumously in 1732. It was relied on heavily by John Hutchins for his History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset.
* Particular Description of Somerset, unfinished work.

## Marriage and children

In 1618 he married Ann Coker (1603-1633), a daughter of Robert Coker of Mappowder in Dorset. She died in childbirth on 25 June 1633, aged 29 years, 10 months and 7 days, as her monument in St Andrew's Church, Trent states. By Ann he had children including:
* Ann Gerard, who in 1646 married Col. Sir Francis Wyndham, 1st Baronet (c.1612-1676), of the prominent Wyndham family of Orchard Wyndham in Somerset, a colonel of horse in the Royalist army during the Civil War who helped the future King Charles II to escape to France. In 1651 Charles was given refuge at the manor house of Trent, on his way to the port of Bridport in Dorset and thence to exile in France.

## Sources

* Thomas Gerard of Trent, 2011 article, Dorset Ancestors website
# PVC Bendit

PVC Bendit is a tool that uses heat to soften PVC pipe from the inside. It consists of an electrical resistance heating element jacketed in a metal hose with a power supply cable.

## Overview

It is primarily used to bend PVC pipe, though it can also be used to bend other thermoplastic tubes and sheets. It works by bringing up the temperature of the pipe or sheet to the softening point of 176 degrees or higher. Naturally, the longer the pipe is on the bender, the hotter and softer it will get. Once the pipe is softened, it can be formed into different shapes within the limitations of the material. When cooled, the pipe will retain all of the properties of the original material, but it will have additional stress on the points of the pipe that are stretched or compressed in the bending process.

## History

PVC Bendit was designed in late 2010 to early 2011 as a way to bend longer sections of pipe than were possible with other methods. The inventor, Victor Johnson of Manitou Springs, Colorado, was looking for a method to bend long sticks of clear PVC to make a lighting system, and he could not find a method to efficiently bend more than two feet of pipe at a time. After extensive research on the properties of the material, he devised and patented this system.

## Applications

Bent PVC by any method can be used for a wide variety of tasks: fitting-mitigation in plumbing and electrical applications, greenhouses, furniture, assistance with activities of daily living, toys, games, art, refrigeration systems, etc.
# Spam in blogs

Spam in blogs (also known as blog spam, comment spam, or social spam) is a form of spamdexing which utilizes internet sites that allow content to be publicly posted, in order to artificially inflate their website ranking by linking back (also referred to as backlinking) to their web pages. Backlinking helps search algorithms determine the popularity of a web page, which plays a major role for search engines like Google and Microsoft Bing to decide a web page ranking on a certain search query. This helps the spammer's website to list ahead of other sites for certain searches, which helps them to increase the number of visitors to their website.
It may be done by posting random comments on other blog websites (usually by an automated process), or by copying other websites' content and using it on free-to-use publishing services like Blogger and WordPress or publicly accessible wikis, digital guest books, and internet forums.
Note that blog spam also has another meaning, specifically when a blog author creates posts without adding any informational or educational value solely for publishing them on other websites

## History

This type of spam originally appeared in internet guestbooks, where spammers repeatedly filled a guestbook with links to their sites and irrelevant comments, to increase their search engine rankings. If an actual comment is given, it is often just "cool page", "nice website", or keywords of the spammed link.
In 2003, spammers began to take advantage of the open nature of comments in the blogging software like Movable Type by repeatedly placing comments on various blog posts that provided nothing more than a link to the spammer's commercial web site. Jay Allen created a free plugin, called MT-BlackList, for the Movable Type weblog tool (versions prior to 3.2) that attempted to alleviate this problem. Many blogging packages now have methods of preventing or reducing the effect of blog spam built in due to its prevalence, although spammers too have developed tools to circumvent them. Many spammers use special blog spamming tools like trackback submitter to bypass comment spam protection on popular blogging systems like Movable Type, WordPress, and others.

## Application-specific implementations

Particularly popular software products such as Movable Type and MediaWiki have developed or included anti-spam measures, as spammers focus more on targeting those platforms due to their prevalence on the Internet. Whitelists and blacklists that prevent certain IPs from posting, or that prevent people from posting content that matches certain filters, are common defences although most software tends to use a combination of the variety of different techniques documented below.
The goal in every potential solution is to allow legitimate users to continue posting their comments (and often even add links to their comments, as that is considered by some to be a valuable aspect of any comments section, when the links are relevant or related to the article or content) whilst preventing all spam links or irrelevant comments from being viewable to the site's owner and visitors.
# Trimellitic anhydride

Trimellitic anhydride is an organic compound with the formula HO$_2$CC$_6$H$_3$(C$_2$O$_3$). It is the cyclic anhydride of trimellitic acid. The compound is a colorless to white solid. It's primarily used in the production of various polymers, polyesters, agricultural chemicals and dyes. Several thousand tons of this compound are produced annually as a precursor to plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride. It is produced by air-oxidation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.
# Reis–Bucklers corneal dystrophy

Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy is a disease of the eye, a rare corneal dystrophy of unknown cause, in which the Bowman's layer of the cornea undergoes disintegration. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, and is associated with mutations in the gene TGFB1.
Reis-Bücklers dystrophy causes a cloudiness in the corneas of both eyes, which may occur as early as 1 year of age, but usually develops by 4 to 5 years of age. It is usually evident within the first decade of life. This cloudiness, or opacity, causes the corneal epithelium to become elevated, which leads to corneal opacities. The corneal erosions may prompt attacks of redness and swelling in the eye (ocular hyperemia), eye pain, and photophobia. Significant vision loss may occur.
Reis-Bücklers dystrophy is diagnosed by clinical history physical examination of the eye. Laboratory and imaging studies are not necessary. Treatment may include a complete or partial corneal transplant, or photorefractive keratectomy.

## Signs and symptoms

Patients with Reis-Bücklers dystrophy develop a reticular pattern of cloudiness in the cornea. This cloudiness, or opacity, usually appears in both eyes (bilaterally) in the upper cornea by 4 or 5 years of age. The opacity elevates the corneal epithelium, eventually leading to corneal erosions that prompt attacks of ocular hyperemia, pain, and photophobia. These recurrent painful corneal epithelial erosions often begin as early as 1 year of age.
With time, the corneal changes progress into opacities in Bowman's layer, which gradually becomes more irregular and more dense. Significant vision loss may occur. However, vascularization of the cornea is not present.

## Pathogenesis

The disease has been associated with mutations in TGFBI gene on chromosome 5q which encodes for keratoepithelin. The inheritance is autosomal dominant.

## Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy is based on the clinical presentation, rather than labs or imaging. Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish the disease from honeycomb dystrophy.

## Treatment

Treatment is aimed at managing the symptoms of the disease. A form of laser eye surgery named keratectomy may help with the superficial corneal scarring. In more severe cases, a partial or complete corneal transplantation may be considered. However, it is common for the dystrophy to recur within the grafted tissue.

## Epidemiology

Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy is not associated with any systemic conditions.

## History

The dystrophy was described in 1917 by Reis and in 1949 by Bücklers.
# Thea Hvistendahl

Thea Hvistendahl (born 1989) is a Norwegian filmmaker best known for the 2024 horror film Handling the Undead.

## Education

Hvistendahl studied filmmaking at Westerdals School of Communication in Oslo.

## Career

Hvistendahl began directing short films and commercials in the early 2010s. In 2017, she participated in the Berlinale Talents Short Form Station program to develop her short film Children of Satan, which was released in 2019.
Hvistendahl's 2024 feature film, an adaptation of the John Ajvide Lindqvist novel Handling the Undead, premiered in the World Cinematic Dramatic Competition at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2013 | you and me, mommy | Short film |
| 2016 | Intruders | Short film |
| 2017 | The Monkey and The Mouth | — |
| 2018 | Virgins4Lyfe | Short film |
| 2019 | Children of Satan | Short film |
| 2020 | Cramps | Short film |
| 2024 | Handling the Undead | — |

### Commercials

| Year | Company | Title | Ref. |
| 2016 | DNB Eindom | "Baby" | |
| 2016 | DNB Eindom | "Husdyr" | |

### Music videos

| Year | Artist | Title |
| 2015 | Kaja Gunnufsen | "Faen Ta" |
| 2016 | Karpe Diem | "Den islamske elefanten" |
| 2021 | Girl in Red | "Body and Mind" |
# Cryptoscaphus

Cryptoscaphus is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. There are at least two described species in Cryptoscaphus.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Cryptoscaphus:
* Cryptoscaphus lissonotus Chaudoir, 1855
* Cryptoscaphus russoi Gi. Muller, 1942 (Somalia)