OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vakhtang Rcheulishvili

Vakhtang Rcheulishvili (Georgian: ვახტანგ რჩეულიშვილი; 1 January 1954 – 13 April 2017) was a Georgian business executive and politician. He was member of the Parliament of Georgia from 1992 to 2003, leader of the Socialist Party of Georgia from 1995 to 2003, and founder of Georgia's largest construction company Center Point Group, which became embroiled in an embezzlement controversy.

## Early career

Born in Tbilisi, then-Soviet Georgia, Rcheulishvili graduated from the Tbilisi State University with a degree in physics in 1977. He was vice-president of the Young Scientists Club from 1979 to 1982 and head of Lecturers Group of the Georgian Komsomol Central Committee from 1982 to 1984. He then worked for the Information Center of Social Sciences of the Georgian Academy of Sciences from 1985 to 1987 and served as deputy chairman of the state-sponsored Peace Committee of Georgia from 1987 to 1992. He also commented on politics in the Georgian press and television.

## Political career

Rcheulishvili became active in the politics of post-Soviet Georgia in 1992, when he became elected to the Parliament of Georgia on Eduard Shevardnadze-run Union of Citizens of Georgia ticket. He served as vice-speaker of the Parliament from 1992 to 1995. In August 1995, he received minor injuries in a car blast targeting Shevardnadze. Later that year, he left the Union o Citizens and established the Socialist Party of Georgia. He was member of two subsequent convocations of the Parliament of Georgia (1995–1999, 1999–2003). His party, which was in moderate opposition Shevardnadze's government, also scored significant success in the 1998 local election. By November 2003, he again allied himself with Shevardnadze prior, but the mass protests against the election irregularities—known as the Rose Revolution—forced Shevardnade to resign. Within days after the revolution, in December 2003, Rcheulishvili announced his withdrawal from politics and resigned as chairman of the Socialist Party.

## Business career

Vakhtang Rcheulishvili, his wife Maia Rcheulishvili, and sister-in-law Rusudan Kervalishvili, also the former parliamentary vice-speaker (2008–2012), are founders of the Center Point Group, Georgia's largest real estate developer and construction company. In the mid-2000s, the company became involved in a controversy for allegedly duping thousands of its clients. The anti-corruption watchdog Transparency International Georgia described the company's Ponzi scheme as Georgia's "biggest construction scandal". In 2013, embezzlement charges were filed against the company's owners—Maia Rcheulishvili and Rusudan Kervalishvili. They were detained in 2016 and sentenced by the Tbilisi City Court to four years in prison in 2017.
# Valenciano Abajo

Valenciano Abajo is a barrio in the municipality of Juncos, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 3,582.

## History

Valenciano Abajo was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the combined population of Valenciano Abajo and Valenciano Arriba barrios was 1,206.
# Valencic

Valencic, Valenčič or Valenčić is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Filip Valenčič (born 1992), Slovenian footballer
* Jože Valenčič (born 1948), Yugoslav cyclist
* Mitja Valenčič (born 1978), Slovenian alpine skier
* Predrag Valenčić (born 1963), Croatian footballer
# Valehouse Reservoir

Valehouse (or Vale House) Reservoir is a man-made lake in Longdendale in north Derbyshire, England. It was built between 1865 and 1869 as part of the Longdendale Chain of reservoirs, which was built to supply water from the River Etherow to the urban areas of Greater Manchester, while maintaining a constant flow into the river. The upper reservoirs supply the drinking water, while Vale House and Bottoms are compensation reservoirs which guarantee the flow of water to water-powered mills downstream. Valehouse, with a crest elevation of 503 metres (1,650 ft), is too low to supply water under gravity to the Mottram Tunnel, so could not be used as an impounding reservoir. Today 45 megalitres of compensation water are released each day into the River Etherow.
Vale House Mill was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1864, but a few villagers remained in the village of Vale House until 1868. In 1869 the hamlet was flooded out. The village was substantial, having an estimated population of 600 houses and 100 cottages. There was a gasworks and a school house for 24-30 scholars. Vale House Mill was the first spinning and weaving mill in Longdendale; it was built in 1775 by Samuel Oldknow. In 1864, it was owned by William Hobbs and Co. It had two carding rooms, nine spinning rooms, three weaving rooms and two Blowing Rooms. It had 15,416 spindles and 326 power looms. Vale House residents worshipped at the Ebenezer Methodist Chapel in Tintwistle (built in 1830), which was above the reservoir.
The chimney at Vale House Mill survived the construction of the reservoir and became known as the "Whispering Chimney" as it produced ghostly noises during strong winds. It was demolished in 1887 at the request of the Manchester to Sheffield Railway Company, who feared for the stability of their trains when all the passengers crowded over to one side of a carriage to see the chimney protruding from the waters of the reservoir.
The puddle trench was dug to a depth of 35 feet (11 m) to a layer of lower millstone grit, which rested on limestone shales, and a good watertight seal was easily achieved.
It was stated in a statutory report, under the Reservoir Safety Act 1975, dated 12 June 1984, that all five reservoirs could be over-topped during a Probable Maximum Flood, so major works were undertaken. The retention level was raised by 3.81 m (12.5 ft), the embankment crest by 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in), and the wave wall was rebuilt. An 80-metre (260 ft) wide auxiliary spillway was constructed, two new 900-millimetre (35 in) butterfly valves installed and existing valves descaled and motorised. The 11 kV overhead powerline was routed in a new embankment crest duct.
# Vaalbeek

Vaalbeek is part of Oud-Heverlee in Flemish Brabant, Belgium. The municipality further comprises the villages of Blanden, Haasrode, Oud-Heverlee proper and Sint-Joris-Weert. On 1 January 2006, Vaalbeek had a total population of 363.
50°49′N 04°41′E﻿ / ﻿50.817°N 4.683°E﻿ / 50.817; 4.683
* This Flemish Brabant location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Valeska Grisebach

Valeska Grisebach (born 4 January 1968) is a German film director. She was born in Bremen. She is considered part of the Berlin School of filmmaking.

## Biography

Valeska Grisebach studied German literature and philosophy in Berlin, Munich, and Vienna before beginning film studies in Vienna.
Grisebach's diploma film Mein Stern (Be My Star) won the International Critics' Award at the Toronto International Film Festival as well as the prize for Best Feature Film at the Turin Film Festival. In 2006, her second film Sehnsucht (Longing) debuted in competition at the Berlin Film Festival. Grisebach's third film Western premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in 2017. Valeska Grisebach's sister is the actress Anna Grisebach.

## Filmography

* Be My Star (2001)
* Longing (2006)
* Western (2017)

## Awards

* 2001: First Steps Award for Be My Star
* 2001: Prize for Best Feature Film at the Turin Film Festival for Be My Star
* 2001: International Critics’ Award at the Toronto International Film Festival for Be My Star
* 2006: Special Jury Award at the Festival Internacional de Cine Independiente in Buenos Aires
* 2006: Special Jury Award at the Warsaw International Film Festival for Longing
* 2006: Film Prize at the Festival of German Film for Longing
* 2017: Film Prize at the Festival of German Film for Western
* 2018: German Film Prize in Bronze for Western (Best Feature)
# Valeways Millennium Heritage Trail

The Valeways Millennium Heritage Trail is a waymarked long distance footpath in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales.

## Distance

The route, including spurs, is 111 kilometres (69 mi) long.

## Route

The meandering circular route runs through the Vale of Glamorgan by way of Peterston-super-Ely, Barry, Cowbridge, Llantwit Major, St Brides Major and Llanharry, with spurs to Ewenny Priory and St. Fagans.
The terrain is varied and includes coastal paths on the Heritage Coast, pasture land in the Vale, and industrial archaeology sites, as well as prehistoric sites such as Tinkinswood and the St Lythans burial chambers.
The whole route is close to Cardiff.
# Valev

Valev (Bulgarian: Вълев) is a Bulgarian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Valeva. It may refer to
* Anna Valev (born 1969), Swedish ballet dancer
* Marko Valev (born 1969), Bulgarian judoka
* Nikolay Valev (born 1980), Bulgarian football forward
* Silvia Valeva, fictional character from Undercover (Bulgarian TV series)
* Stefan Valev (1935–2009), Bulgarian graphic and industrial designer
# Valevac

Valevac is a village in the municipality of Knjaževac, Serbia. At the 2002 census, its population was 281.
# Valley College

Valley College might refer to:
* Valley College station, a stop on a bus-rapid transit line in Los Angeles
* Los Angeles Valley College, a community college
* College of the Valley Scholars (1262–1542) in Salisbury, England
# Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology

The Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH) is a parastatal organization affiliated with the government of Tanzania. It was created by an Act of the National Assembly of Tanzania in 1986 as a successor to the Tanzania National Scientific Research Council. The commission was a subsidiary institution to the Ministry of Communications, Science and Technology (MCST) and is now a subsidiary institution to the Ministry of Education, Science & Technology. The main offices are located in Dar es Salaam.
COSTECH is currently led by Dr. Amos Nungu, who formerly served as Assistant Director of Science, Technology and Innovation at the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology].

## Function

The function of COSTECH is that of "co-ordinating and promoting research and technology development activities in the country." COSTECH is the "chief advisor to the Government on all matters pertaining to science and technology and their application to the socio-economic development of the country." Government-funded science activity in the country is governed by the commission, and its duties include the administration of research grants, maintenance of research registry and science information services, setting research policy, and creating incentives for invention and innovation. Areas of activity include the Internet, biotechnology, energy, telecommunications, the development of multimedia teaching material, and more.
COSTECH works with corporations, universities, and other parastatals, including the Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization and the Tanzania Traditional Energy Development and Environment Organization.

## Affiliates
### Governmental

In addition to numerous collaborating organizations, sister subsidiary institutions of COSTECH under the MCST include:
* Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission(TAEC)
* Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology
* Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority
* Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology
* Mbeya University of Science and Technology
* Arusha Technical College

### Non-governmental

* Dar Teknohama Business Incubator (DTBi), led by Engineer George Mulamula
* Human Development Innovation Fund (HDIF), led by David B. Mcginty, Palladium International (formerly known as GRM Futures Group) with KPMG
* TANZICT, a bilateral collaboration between the Ministry of Communications, Science and Technology of Tanzania MCST and Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland
* Buni Innovation Hub, Innovation space (tech space) focusing on Innovation and Technology Entrepreneurship bridging the skills gap in Tanzanian youths by conducting several programmes, activities and events. They create competent youths for the local incubation and acceleration programmes. The program has been led by Jumanne Mtambalike and Brian Paul the hub managers since 2013.
# Wallaconchis

Wallaconchis is a genus of air-breathing sea slugs, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Onchidiidae.
They live in the intertidal zone near mangrove trees on coral rubble, sand, sandy mud, or rocks.

## Species

According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species are part of the genus Wallaconchis:
* Wallaconchis achleitneri Goulding, 2018
* Wallaconchis ater (Lesson, 1831)
* Wallaconchis buetschlii (Stantschinsky, 1907)
* Wallaconchis comendadori Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
* Wallaconchis gracilis (Stantschinsky, 1907)
* Wallaconchis graniferus (Semper, 1880)
* Wallaconchisx melanesiensis Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
* Wallaconchis nangkauriensis (Plate, 1893)
* Wallaconchis sinanui Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
* Wallaconchis uncinus Goulding & Dayrat, 2018

### Nomen dubium

* Wallaconchis fungiformis (Stantschinsky, 1907)
* Wallaconchis ovalis (C. Semper, 1880)
* Wallaconchis simrothi (Plate, 1893)

### Species brought into synonymy

* Wallaconchis atra (Lesson, 1831): synonym of Wallaconchis ater (Lesson, 1831)
* Wallaconchis fungiforme (Stantschinsky, 1907): synonym of Wallaconchis fungiformis (Stantschinsky, 1907) (wrong gender agreement of specific epithet)
* Wallaconchis gracile (Stantschinsky, 1907): synonym of Wallaconchis gracilis (Stantschinsky, 1907) (wrong gender agreement of specific epithet)
* Wallaconchis graniferum (C. Semper, 1880): synonym of Wallaconchis graniferus (C. Semper, 1880) (wrong gender agreement of specific epithet)
* Wallaconchis nangkauriense (Plate, 1893): synonym of Wallaconchis nangkauriensis (Plate, 1893) (wrong gender agreement of specific epithet)
# Tropodiaptomus madagascariensis

Tropodiaptomus madagascariensis is a species of calanoid copepod in the family Diaptomidae.
The IUCN conservation status of Tropodiaptomus madagascariensis is "DD", data deficient, risk undetermined. The IUCN status was reviewed in 1996.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species Tropodiaptomus madagascariensis:
* Tropodiaptomus madagascariensis madagascariensis
* Tropodiaptomus madagascariensis poseidon (Brehm, 1952)
# Protocol Entertainment

Protocol Entertainment is a Canadian television production company that was founded in 1993. It is based in Toronto, Ontario.

## Films and series

* Animorphs
* Code Name: Eternity
* Dinner Along the Amazon
* Goosebumps
* Mama's Boy
* Metropia
* Pocahontas: The Legend
* Police Academy: The Series
* The Saddle Club
* Spenser for Hire: The Judas Goat
* Spenser for Hire: The Savage Place
* Train 48
* Young Heroes: Seeing-Fingers-The Louis
# Wand sage

Wand sage is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Salvia vaseyi, native to the Colorado Desert of North America
* Salvia virgata, native to Asia and southeastern Europe
# Ville-le-Marclet

Ville-le-Marclet is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

The commune is situated 24 km (15 miles) northwest of Amiens, on the D159 road and 1 mile(1.6 km) from a junction with the A16 autoroute.
# Jerrod Edson

Jerrod Edson (born 1974 in Saint John, New Brunswick) is a Canadian novelist. His work has been widely praised by critics, including fellow New Brunswick writer David Adams Richards who said in 2005 that Edson is "one of our best young writers." In 2010, the Telegraph-Journal claimed that Edson is "one of the best New Brunswick writers, period."
His novels all take place in Saint John and focus on the underbelly of society. His characters are often drunks who find redemption in one form or another. His novel The Goon was shortlisted for the 2011 ReLit Award for Best Novel. In 2013 he became a member of the Writers' Federation of New Brunswick. That same year his manuscript for The Moon is Real won the David Adams Richards Prize.
Edson’s sixth novel, The Boulevard —his first work of speculative fiction— was published in 2023 by Galleon Books from Moncton, New Brunswick. Critically acclaimed by reviewers, it was hailed by novelist Ian Colford as an “irreverent triumph” and was listed as one of the year’s best books by The Miramichi Reader.
From the New Brunswick Literary Encyclopedia: "Edson’s vivid portrayal of the urban area, as well as the working class and underclass, creates a vision of Saint John that highlights the discrepancy between the pre-modern idyllic notion of life in Atlantic Canada and the more complicated reality of the region."
# Neville Fernando

Dr. Sirikkaththuge Neville Arthur Fernando (9 March 1931 - 4 February 2021) was a Sri Lankan doctor and a politician.

## Career

He was elected to Panadura in the 8th parliamentary election in 1977. He was notable for having moved a controversial Motion of no confidence against then Leader of Opposition A. Amirthalingam, the first motion of no confidence against a leader of opposition in the world.
Dr. Fernando built a teaching hospital in Malabe and later donated it to the government.
Dr Nevil Fernando built an education institute of Royal college panadura and Agamathi balika vidyalaya panadura schools.

## Death

Dr. Fernando died on 4 February 2021, in Colombo from complications from COVID-19, after being diagnosed with the disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka.
# Valerie Wright-St Clair

Valerie A. Wright-St Clair is a New Zealand registered occupational therapist, occupational scientist and Professor of Social Gerontology and Occupational Science in the School of Health Sciences at Auckland University of Technology (AUT).

## Academic career

Wright-St Clair's mother was a nurse and father a general practitioner. She completed her secondary education in Hamilton. She qualified as an occupational therapist in 1984, then practised in New Zealand hospitals and at Royal Edinburgh Hospital in Scotland.
Her career in academia began in October 1990 when she was appointed lecturer at Auckland University of Technology. In 2008 she completed a doctoral thesis titled 'Being aged' in the Everyday: uncovering the meaning through elders' stories through the University of Auckland, supervised by Ngaire Kerse and Elizabeth Smythe. In November 2018 Wright-St Clair was appointed full professor at AUT with effect from 1 January 2019.
She is co-director of the AUT Centre for Active Ageing and joint head of research in the Occupational Science and Therapy department at AUT.

## Selected works
### Books

* Whiteford, Gail; Wright-St. Clair, Valerie (2005), Occupation and practice in context, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone
* Wright St-Clair, Valerie A.; Reid, Duncan; Shaw, Susan; Ramsbotham, Joanne, eds. (2014), Evidence Based Health Practice, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-559659-5

### Articles

* Shoba Nayar; Valerie A Wright-St Clair (1 December 2018). "Strengthening Community: Older Asian Immigrants' Contributions to New Zealand Society". Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. 33 (4): 355–368. doi:10.1007/S10823-018-9357-5. ISSN 0169-3816. PMID 30209720. Wikidata Q56885779.
* Gary Cheung; Valerie Wright-St Clair; Emme Chacko; Yoram Barak (10 August 2019). "Financial difficulty and biopsychosocial predictors of loneliness: A cross-sectional study of community dwelling older adults". Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 85: 103935. doi:10.1016/J.ARCHGER.2019.103935. ISSN 0167-4943. PMID 31446186. Wikidata Q92846730.
* Daniel W O'Brien; Sandra Bassett; Valerie Wright-St Clair; Richard J Siegert (10 April 2020). "Can the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scales be adapted for use in the context of osteoarthritis with general practitioners and physiotherapists?". BMC Rheumatology. 4: 15. doi:10.1186/S41927-020-0116-1. ISSN 2520-1026. PMC 7147025. PMID 32309777. Wikidata Q92071332.
* Jed Montayre; Stephen Neville; Ihaka Dunn; Jagamaya Shrestha-Ranjit; Valerie Wright-St Clair (29 June 2020). "What makes community-based physical activity programs for culturally and linguistically diverse older adults effective? A systematic review". Australasian Journal on Ageing. doi:10.1111/AJAG.12815. ISSN 1440-6381. PMC 7818171. PMID 32597566. Wikidata Q96768800.
# Taouzient

Taouzient is a town and commune in Khenchela Province, Algeria.
# Professor of Astrophysics (Cambridge)

The Professorships of Astrophysics are a number of professorships in astronomy at the University of Cambridge. The oldest and only permanently-established chair was founded in 1909, and is currently held at the Institute of Astronomy.
The creation of the 1909 professorship in Cambridge marked the formal recognition of the relatively new subject of Astrophysics. It was without a stipend until 1928, when the first holder Hugh Newall endowed it on his retirement.
In addition to the permanent chair, the university has established five other Professorships of Astrophysics for single tenures (i.e. as personal chairs).

## Professors of Astrophysics (1909)

* Hugh Newall (1909–1928)
* F.J.M. Stratton (1928–1947)
* R.O. Redman (1947–1971)
* Donald Lynden-Bell (1971–1997)
* George Efstathiou (1997–2022)
* Hiranya Peiris (2023-)

## Professors of Astrophysics (single-tenure establishments)

* Donald Lynden-Bell (1997–2001) – at the Institute of Astronomy
* Neil Wyn Evans (2009–) – at the Institute of Astronomy
* Mike Hobson (2011–) – at the Department of Physics
* Mark Wyatt (2016–) – at the Institute of Astronomy
* Mike Irwin (2018–) – at the Institute of Astronomy
# Tropodiaptomus worthingtoni

Tropodiaptomus worthingtoni is a species of calanoid copepod in the family Diaptomidae.
The IUCN conservation status of Tropodiaptomus worthingtoni is "DD", data deficient, risk undetermined. The IUCN status was reviewed in 1996.
# Verman

Verman may refer to:
* Ajit Verman (1947–2016), Indian composer
* R. Verman, Indian art director
* Verman (river), river in Murmansk Oblast, Russia
* Verman (no last name), a character in the Penrod stories written by Booth Tarkington
# Richard Madox

Richard Madox (11 November 1546 – 27 February 1583) was an English explorer, who served as a chaplain aboard Edward Fenton's voyage headed for the Moluccas and China in 1582. He died during the voyage, but left a diary which has been republished and is preserved in the British Museum.

## Biography

Madox was born on 11 November 1546 in Shropshire, one of three brothers. He initially attended Shrewsbury School and then became an undergraduate at All Souls College, Oxford University, when he was 20. After receiving his B.A., he was appointed a fellow of All Souls College, graduating with an MA in 1576. He was ordained as a priest five years later.
Madox, along with John Walker, was appointed to the position of chaplain on Edward Fenton's Galleon Leicester, which set sail on 1 May 1582. Fenton was intending to sail around the Cape of Good Hope to the Moluccas and China.
Madox died on the voyage, on 27 February 1583, while the vessel was near Vitória, Brazil.

## Diary

Madox started writing his diary, which is now preserved in the British Museum, on 1 January 1582. During the voyage on the Galleon Leicester, Madox resorted to writing in a cipher, and then in Latin and Greek, in order to ensure his diary remained secret.
As well as recording events on board, his diary during the voyage described various examples of flora and fauna which he encountered. He also included illustrations.
The last entry in Madox's diary, a comment on the weather, was written on 31 December 1583.
His diary was published by the Hakluyt Society in 1976, edited by Elizabeth Story Donno, under the title An Elizabethan in 1582: The Diary of Richard Madox, Fellow of All Souls.
# Viktor Solovyov

Viktor Solovyov (also Soloviev) may refer to the following Russian people:
* Viktor Solovyov (actor) (born 1950), actor in The Scythian
* Viktor Solovyov (sailor) (born 1957), Russian keelboat sailor
* Viktor Solovyov (swimmer) (born 1932), Russian backstroke swimmer