OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Vatican Decrees in Their Bearing on Civil Allegiance

The Vatican Decrees in their Bearing on Civil Allegiance is an anti-Catholic pamphlet written by British politician William Ewart Gladstone in November 1874.

## Outrage about papal infallibility

Gladstone was outraged at the Vatican Council's decree of papal infallibility and set about to refute it. The pamphlet sold 150,000 copies by the end of 1874.

## Church and State

Gladstone claimed that the decree had placed British Catholics in a dilemma over their loyalty to the Crown and their loyalty to the Pope. He urged British Catholics to reject papal infallibility as they had opposed the Spanish Armada of 1588.

## Rule of law against despotism

He described the Catholic Church as "an Asian monarchy: nothing but one giddy height of despotism, and one dead level of religious subservience". He further claimed that the Pope wanted to destroy the rule of law and replace it with arbitrary tyranny and then to hide these "crimes against liberty beneath a suffocating cloud of incense".

## Later pamphlet in 1875

In February 1875, Gladstone published a second anti-Catholic pamphlet, which was a defence of his earlier pamphlet and a reply to his critics, Vaticanism: an Answer to Reproofs and Replies.

## Responses from Catholics
### Letter to the Duke of Norfolk

John Henry Newman's Letter to the Duke of Norfolk was meant as a response to Gladstone's claim that Catholics have no mental freedom.

### Immortale Dei

Immortale Dei is an 1885 encyclical of Pope Leo XIII on church-state relations, specifically on the topic of civil allegiance, which is defined as a duty of loyalty and obedience which a person owes to the state of which he is a citizen.
# Theo Frenkel

Theodorus Maurita Frenkel (14 July 1871 – 20 September 1956) was a Dutch film director, actor and screenwriter of the silent era. He worked in Britain under the name Theo Bouwmeester for the Natural Color Kinematograph Company, using the surname of his renowned mother and uncle (both accomplished actors), before working in Germany in 1913 and 1914 and then returning to the Netherlands, a neutral country, before World War I. He directed more than 200 films between 1908 and 1928. He also appeared in 21 films between 1911 and 1948. His nephew Theo Frenkel Jr. (1893–1955) was a film actor.

## Selected filmography

* By Order of Napoleon (1910 - director, early feature in Kinemacolor)
* Luchtkastelen (1914 - actor)
* Zijn viool (1914 - actor)
* Fatum (1915)
* Het Wrak in de Noordzee (1915)
* Genie tegen geweld (1916)
* Life's Shadows (1916)
* Pro domo (1918)
* Het proces Begeer (1918)
* De duivel (1918)
* Ray of Sunshine (1919)
* The Devil in Amsterdam (1919)
* Op stap door Amsterdam (1919)
* Helleveeg (1920)
* Aan boord van de 'Sabina' (1920)
* Geeft ons kracht (1920)
* Menschenwee (1921)
* De bruut (1922)
* Judith (1923)
* Frauenmoral (1923)
* Cirque hollandais (1924)
* De cabaret-prinses (1925)
* Bet naar de Olympiade (1928)
# The Voice of Conscience (1917 film)

The Voice of Conscience is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by Edwin Carewe and starring Francis X. Bushman, Beverly Bayne, and Harry S. Northrup. It was released on November 19, 1917.

## Cast list

* Francis X. Bushman as William Potter/James Houston
* Beverly Bayne as Allane Houston
* Harry S. Northrup as Dick Liggett
* Maggie Breyer as Mrs. Wallace Houston
* Pauline Dempsey as Aunt Jennie
* Walter Broussard as Crazy Pete
* Anthony Byrd as Uncle Mose

## Preservation

A complete print of The Voice of Conscience is held by the Museum of Modern Art.
# Theodore McKee

Theodore Alexander McKee (born June 5, 1947, in Rochester, New York) is a Senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. He previously served on the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas in the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania.

## Education

McKee received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the State University of New York at Cortland in 1969 and earned his Juris Doctor from Syracuse University College of Law where he was an honor student graduating in 1975 magna cum laude and as a member of the Order of the Coif and the Justinian Honor Society.

## Legal career

McKee was in private practice in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1975 to 1977. From 1977 to 1980 he served as an Assistant United States Attorney in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. He began in the General Crimes Unit, moved to the Narcotics and Firearms Unit, and finally worked in the Political Corruption Unit. In his first year as an AUSA, McKee investigated allegations of police brutality before a special grand jury, as part of a nationwide probe into police brutality by the United States Civil Rights Commission.
In 1980, McKee became a Deputy City Solicitor in the Philadelphia City Solicitor's office, where he remained until 1983 when he became General Counsel for the Philadelphia Parking Authority.
From 1980 to 1991, McKee was a lecturer at Rutgers Law School.

## Judicial career
### State court judicial career

In 1984, McKee was elected as a Judge on the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas, where he served until 1994.

### Federal judicial service

President Bill Clinton nominated Judge McKee to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit on March 22, 1994, to a seat vacated by Judge A. Leon Higginbotham Jr. McKee was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 8, 1994, and received his commission on June 9, 1994. He served as Chief Judge from May 6, 2010 to October 1, 2016.
In July 2018, McKee wrote for a unanimous panel when it upheld a Boyertown Area School District policy guaranteeing transgender students use of their preferred locker room.
In 2021, he announced that he is going to assume senior status after being on the federal bench for 27 years. He assumed senior status on October 20, 2022 when his successor received commission.

## Law reform work

McKee is an elected member of the American Law Institute and serves as an Adviser on ALI's project to revise the Sentencing provisions of the Model Penal Code.
# The Westin Dragonara

The Westin Dragonara Hotel is a hotel in Paceville, St. Julian's, Malta. It is located near the Dragonara Palace, both being at Dragonara Point. The hotel is situated 5 minutes away from the island's major highway which connects all major sites in Malta. It is owned by Polidano Group.
After renovating its Luxury Bay Suites in 2018, the hotel announced in July 2020 it has completed a €40 million makeover. The conception of the renovated suites and guest rooms was made by London-based interior designer Lynne Hunt.
# Theodontius

Theodontius was the author of a now lost Latin work on mythology. He was extensively quoted in Giovanni Boccaccio's Genealogia Deorum Gentilium, but is otherwise almost unknown. Boccaccio says that he knew Theodontius's work through the Collections of Paul of Perugia, which Paul's wife burnt after his death (Genealogiae XV 6). In telling the legend of Bathyllus, however, Boccaccio complains that Theodontius was illegible except for Bathyllus's birth, from Phorcys and a marine monster (Genealogiae X 7), so he may have seen some of Theodontius's own writings; sources disagree on this. Some authorities think Boccaccio invented him.
Outside Boccaccio, there was a Theodontius, who wrote on the wars of Troy, and is quoted by Servius on Aeneid, I, 28; and the fourteenth century author Domenico Bandini, who made an index for the Genealogiae, calls him "Teodontius Campanus diligens investigator poetici figmenti". Carlo Landi argued in his 1930 monograph Demogorgone that Boccaccio's Theodontius was a Campanian philosopher, from between the 9th and 11th centuries.
Theodontius provided Boccaccio with euhemeristic and naturalistic interpretations of mythology, and philosophic speculations about mythology. He quotes the (also lost) Greek historian Philochorus. Most significantly, he is Boccaccio's source for the idea that all the gods were descended from Demogorgon, which Theodontius himself credited to Pronapides the Athenian.
# Theodor Buhl

Theodor August Buhl (baptised August Theodor Buhl; 16 May 1865 – 11 October 1922) was a British stamp dealer in London who published Stamp News, which he also edited until 1895.
Buhl was born in Frankfurt, the eldest of six children of music professor/composer Carl Friedrich August Buhl (anglicised to Charles Frederick Augustus Buhl) and Sophie Friederike (Sophia Frederica), née De Barÿ. The family emigrated when he was a small child, settling in Lambeth, London.
In 1890, Buhl was offered the business of Stanley Gibbons, who was retiring, but declined it as too expensive at £20,000. It was subsequently sold to Charles Phillips for £25,000. In 1892, he bought the business of Pemberton, Wilson & Co (London), and with it the rights to The Philatelic Record which he later merged with Stamp News. In the same year he was a witness at the trial of Bernhardt Assmus. Buhl kept a general stock but specialised in the stamps of South America and Messrs. Buhl and Co., Limited sponsored a Gold Medal for the best collection of the stamps of Peru at the London Philatelic Exhibition of 1897.

## Publications

* The Stamp News Annual (various years)
# Theophilus John Levett

Colonel Theophilus John Levett (11 December 1829 – 27 February 1899) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom, who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Lichfield from 1880 to 1885.

## Life

Levett was the son of John Levett of Wychnor Park, Staffordshire and his wife Sophia Eliza Kennedy, the daughter of Hon. Robert Kennedy, third son of Archibald Kennedy, 11th Earl of Cassilis. Levett was a Captain in the 1st Life Guards and inherited Wychnor on the death of his father. Levett also owned Smallwood Manor at Uttoxeter. He was elected as the MP for Lichfield in at a by-election in July 1880, but when the parliamentary borough of Lichfield was abolished at the 1885 general election, he did not stand again. He was a JP and DL for Staffordshire and served on Staffordshire County Council for Lichfield from 1889 until his death in 1899. Originally from Sussex, Levett's ancestors came to Staffordshire in the eighteenth century.
Capt. Theophilus Levett was, unsurprisingly for the era, a fox-hunter, and he was long associated with the Meynell hounds, the fox-hunting group established by Hugo Meynell, who had defeated Capt. Levett's father John when he ran to keep his seat in Parliament. "He was a remarkably good shot," noted an obituary of Levett, "and the way he used to work his coverts made the hearts of true sportsmen to rejoice." (The covert, in fox-hunting jargon, means a patch of woods or brush where a fox might be found.)
Having retired from the 1st Life Guards, Capt Levett was commissioned as a Lieutenant in the Stafford Troop of the part-time Staffordshire Yeomanry on 10 June 1858; he was promoted to Captain of the Lichfield Troop on 12 October 1869. He became commanding officer of the regiment with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel on 29 December 1886.
Levett married Lady Jane Lissey Harriet Feilding, daughter of William Feilding, 7th Earl of Denbigh on 10 January 1856, and they had a son Theophilus Basil Percy Levett, a Justice of the Peace for Staffordshire who married Lady Margaret Emily Ashley-Cooper, daughter of Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 8th Earl of Shaftesbury. Theophilus John Levett was named for his ancestor Theophilus Levett, who had served as Lichfield Town Clerk in the early eighteenth century. A second son of Theophilus Levett and his wife Lady Jane was Berkeley John Talbot Levett, an officer in the Scots Guards. A third child, a daughter, never married.
Theophilus John Levett was a member of London's Carlton Club.
# Theodore Litovitz

Theodore Aaron Litovitz (October 14, 1923 – May 1, 2006) was physics professor at The Catholic University of America and a prolific inventor.
His inventions include a method to safely store nuclear waste, an electronic chip (EMX Biochip) to shield cell phone users from harmful electromagnetic radiation, and some of the early fiber optics now used in telecommunications. Litovitz held 25 patents, and was the co-founder of Catholic University's Vitreous State Laboratory, where students used vitrification to immobilize radioactive waste. The process he pioneered is expected to save 20 years and $20 billion in cleanup costs at the government's Hanford Nuclear Reservation alone.
During the Vietnam War, Litovitz developed an infrared transmitting window used in a U-2 spy plane. He also helped develop a cheap glass fiber intended to replace copper wire, "a giant leap to the fiber optics revolution".

## Personal life

Litovitz was born in New York and moved to Washington, DC, at the age of 2. He was graduated from old Central High School and attended George Washington University before serving as a Navy radar repair technician in the South Pacific during World War II. After returning, he finished his degree and then a Ph.D. at Catholic University where he taught until 1998 and conducted research until his death.
Litovitz and his wife, Charlotte, had a daughter, Toby, a son, Gary, and four grandchildren.
# These Foolish Things (revue)

These Foolish Things was a British revue show. First staged on 12 September 1938 at the Hippodrome in Brighton, it enjoyed a lengthy West End stage run at the London Palladium from 28 September 1938 to 3 June 1939, encompassing a total 489 performances. Featuring in the line-up were The Crazy Gang along with the Sherman Fisher Girls. The show was produced and directed by George Black, who also co-wrote it along with Bert Lee and Harris Weston.
# Thick set

In mathematics, a thick set is a set of integers that contains arbitrarily long intervals. That is, given a thick set $T$, for every $p\in \mathbb {N}$, there is some $n\in \mathbb {N}$ such that $\{n,n+1,n+2,...,n+p\}\subset T$.

## Examples

Trivially $\mathbb {N}$ is a thick set. Other well-known sets that are thick include non-primes and non-squares. Thick sets can also be sparse, for example:
$\bigcup _{n\in \mathbb {N} }\{x:x=10^{n}+m:0\leq m\leq n\}.$

## Generalisations

The notion of a thick set can also be defined more generally for a semigroup, as follows. Given a semigroup $(S,\cdot )$ and $A\subseteq S$, $A$ is said to be thick if for any finite subset $F\subseteq S$, there exists $x\in S$ such that
$F\cdot x=\{f\cdot x:f\in F\}\subseteq A.$
It can be verified that when the semigroup under consideration is the natural numbers $\mathbb {N}$ with the addition operation $+$, this definition is equivalent to the one given above.
# ¿Cómo te va mi amor?

¿Cómo te va mi amor? (How is it going my love?) is a song written by Hernaldo Zúñiga, and first made famous by Mexican group Pandora.

## Background

Pandora made their professional debut on 2 June 1985, on the TV program "Siempre en Domingo" (Always on Sunday), where they interpreted the song "¿Cómo te va mi amor?", from the Nicaraguan composer Hernaldo Zúñiga. Less than a week later their first production in LP format was released, simply titled "Pandora", which by October of the same year had gone gold.
"¿Cómo te va mi amor?" was included in that debut album and defined the group's romantic style. The song was both the first single to be promoted by the group and their first international hit. Due to its success, Pandora instantly received a warm welcome to the music industry.
Pandora's original version was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Performance at the 29th Annual Grammy Awards. At the end of 2007, the song was included on the VH1 Latin America channel countdown of the 100 Best Songs of the 80's in Spanish at number 16.
Since Pandora's success with the song, many other artists have made cover versions, extending in this way the importance of this melody into the musical romantic world. Among the singers that have interpreted the song are: Hernaldo Zúñiga himself (live), Luis Miguel and Pandora (live duet), Los Horóscopos de Durango, Patricia Manterola, Nicho Hinojosa, Fher Manjarrez, Área 305, Freddy y Los Nobles, La Rondalla de Saltillo, Chicos De Barrio, Tierra Canela, Myriam, Marcos Orozco y Rebelde, Secuencia con Banda, Grupo Cuarto Para Las Tres, Los Reales, Banda Perla de Michoacán, Santa Elena, La Chío, Luis Antonio Hernández, Zania, Sheila y Lizzette (Operación Fama), Pio Treviño y Majic and others.
The 2006's versión by Los Horóscopos de Durango was nominated for the 2008 Billboard Latin Music Award in the category "Regional Mexican Airplay Song of the Year, Female Group or Female Solo Artist".
On 16 May 2008, the version by Los Horóscopos de Durango, which sold more than one million copies during 2007, won the Latin Award 2007 Best Regional Song delivered by The American Society of Composers, Authors & Publishers (ASCAP), the main American composers society. The song's composer, Hernaldo Zúñiga, received a tribute during the ceremony. This song released for the first time in 1985, still awarded in 2008 (23 years later), has demonstrated that was composed to surpass the barrier of the years and even those of the musical genres.
# Tuisawau

Tuisawau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Filipe Tuisawau, Fijian chief
* George Tuisawau (1901–1961), Fijian chief
# Paramashivaloka

Paramashivaloka was a title given posthumously to:
* Yasovarman, king of Angkor (889–910)
* Jayavarman V, Emperor of Angkor (968–1001)
# Tsarkva

Tsarkva is a village in Balchik Municipality, Dobrich Province, northeastern Bulgaria.
# Parry Street, Fremantle

Parry Street is a street in Fremantle, Western Australia.
Its northernmost point is its junction with Elder Place and Beach Street.
Near the corner of Parry Street and Quarry Street is the Fremantle Substation, which was built in 1932 as a power station for the Fremantle Municipal Tramway network. It was taken over by the State Energy Commission of Western Australia when the trams were decommissioned in 1952, and operated as an energy-themed museum from 1989 to 2009, before being sold into private ownership at the latter date. Private residential apartments are planned for the site, with the original building exterior being mostly retained.
The Fremantle Bowling club is located at the intersection with Ellen Street.
Parry Street intersects with High Street at Queens Square.
The Parry Street car park, south of the intersection with High Street is adjacent to the Fremantle Prison.
The Fremantle branch of Legacy Australia was previously based at Legacy House, 17 Parry Street. The Fly by Night Club was formerly located in the street.
# Tebicuary River

The Tebicuary River (Spanish: Río Tebicuary), a tributary of Paraguay River is a river in Paraguay. Located in the southwestern part of that country, it flows eastwards discharging to Paraguay River about 45 km south of Formosa and 30 km north of Pilar.
The San Rafael National Park in the river's upper basin.
# Yvonne Chahín Sasso

Yvonne Chahín Sasso (born 26 December 1945) is a businesswoman from the Dominican Republic. She was elected by the Congress of the Dominican Republic as Senator for the Province of El Seibo, after the death in July 2010 of Senator-elect Manuel Ramón Antonio 'Lincoln' Jacobo Reyes (Mr. Jacobo was the father of Mrs. Chahín’s son-in-law).
# Yusuke Komiyama

Yusuke Komiyama (born 22 December 1979), is a Japanese futsal player. Japanese national futsal team.

## Clubs

* 2000-2006 FIRE FOX
* 2007-2016 Bardral Urayasu

## Titles

* All Japan Futsal Championship (1)
** 2008
# Yuzuquat

A yuzuquat is a trigeneric hybrid between a Yuzu lemon (Citrus ichangensis x C. reticulata) and 'Nagami' kumquat (C. japonica 'Nagami'). It was developed by John Brown in Texas. The fruit often is used as a lemon substitute and is very seedy.
# Yunnan Provincial Museum

24°57′05″N 102°45′10″E﻿ / ﻿24.95139°N 102.75278°E﻿ / 24.95139; 102.75278
Yunnan Provincial Museum (Chinese: 云南省博物馆; pinyin: Yúnnán Shěng Bówùguǎn) is a cultural heritage museum in Kunming, China. Established in 1951, it houses an exhibition centered on Yunnan's ethnic minorities, as well as a collection of artifacts from tomb excavations at Jinning on the southern rim of Lake Dian.
The old museum is on Wuyi Road in Wuhua District. The new museum is located at No.6393 of Guangfu Road in Guandu District, which has officially opened its door to the public on May 18, 2015.

## Collections

The museum's collection includes several hundred paintings, calligraphy, and other artifacts that once belonged to Gao Yunhuai, a former Nationalist military officer. The artifacts were confiscated by the Red Guards in 1966, at the start of the Cultural Revolution.

## Staff

As of 2001, the museum's curator was Li Kunsheng.
# Zala (river)

The Zala is a river in south-western Hungary. Its source is in the hills northwest of Szalafő near the borders with Austria and Slovenia. The 139 kilometres (86 mi) long Zala drains an area of 2,622 km$^2$ (1,012 sq mi). Several smaller rivers feed into it, including the Felső-Válicka, Szentmihályfalvai patak (brook), Szévíz csatorna (channel), Foglár csatorna on the right bank, and Szentjakabi patak, Sárvíz (Zala) patak, Széplaki patak, Csörgető patak and Nádas patak on the left bank. It flows through the city of Zalaegerszeg before flowing into Lake Balaton near Keszthely. The River Zala flows through the Hungarian counties of Vas and Zala.
# Zala (surname)

Zala is a surname of Slovene origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Boris Zala (born 1954), Slovak politician
* Dhavalsinh Zala, Indian politician
* José Solchaga Zala (1881-1953), Spanish general
* György Zala (canoeist) (born 1969), Hungarian sprint canoer
* György Zala (sculptor) (1858-1937), Hungarian sculptor
* Karola Zala (1879-1970), Hungarian actress
* Nick Zala (born 1959), English guitarist
* Vaidotas Žala, Lithuanian rally driver

## Fictional character

* Athrun Zala, a fictional character in the anime Gundam SEED and Gundam SEED DESTINY
* Patrick Zala, a character of the Cosmic Era timeline of the Gundam series