OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Petherton

Petherton is part of the name of two places in Somerset, England:
* North Petherton, town in Sedgemoor
* South Petherton, village in South Somerset
# Upper Paunglaung Dam

The Upper Paunglaung Dam is a gravity dam on the Paunglaung River, about 40 km (25 mi) east of Pyinmana on the border of Naypyidaw Union Territory and Shan State, Myanmar (Burma). The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation, provided by the140 megawatts (190,000 hp) power station it supports. Preliminary construction on the dam site began in January 2005 and roller-compacted concrete placement for the dam commenced in October 2010. The dam was completed and impounded its reservoir in december 2015. It is expected to regulate the river and improve power generation at the downstream Lower Paunglaung Dam.
The dam forced the relocation of some 15,000 residents which has drawn backlash from locals to international organizations. Many have already relocated but complain that their new land is of an insufficient size, has no power supply or natural resources to work.
AF-Consult Switzerland Ltd was the Owner's Designer for all project phases, including commissioning.
# Peter Platou Stabell

Peter Platou Stabell (12 August 1908 – 10 March 1992) was a Norwegian barrister.
He was born in Kolbu as a son of attorney Bernhard Dunker Stabell (1878–1929) and Dorothea Antoinette Platou (1883–1964). In 1948 he married American citizen Dorothy Nicholson. Stabell was a brother of diplomat Adolf Bredo Stabell, a distant descendant of the newspaper editor Adolf Bredo Stabell and uncle of actor Thea Stabell.
He took the examen artium in 1927 and graduated from the Royal Frederick University with the cand.jur. degree in 1932, together with his brother. He was an attorney in Gjøvik for one year before being deputy judge in Toten District Court from 1934. After studying at the London School of Economics in 1937, he was hired as a secretary in the employers' association Jordbrukets og Meierienes Arbeidsgiverforening. In 1940, following the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was hired as a secretary in the Norwegian Ministry of Justice-in-exile in London. He was promoted to assistant secretary, but returned home after the Second World War to work as an attorney in Oslo from 1945 to 1949.
In 1949 he became a barrister with the access to work with Supreme Court cases. He was a partner in a law firm together with Herman Christiansen and Wilhelm Bugge. From 1965 he was a partner with Otto Chr. Ottesen, adding Niels M. Heiberg to the team in 1971. By his death at the age 84, the law firm was named Stabell Tellmann Strøm.
Stabell chaired Odda Smelteverk and Skaland Grafitverk from 1952, was a supervisory council member of Andresens Bank from 1959, and a board member of Automagnet/Robert Bosch Norge from 1948, Tyssefaldene from 1952, the Norwegian Branch of the International Law Association from 1952, Norsk Christiani & Nielsen from 1957, Kolberg Caspary from 1960 to 1970, Harald A. Møller from 1961, Norsk Marconikompani from 1963 and Borden Kjemi from 1966.
He died in March 1992 and was buried at Vestre gravlund.
# Tor Helness

Tor Helness (born 25 July 1957) is a Norwegian professional bridge player. He was a stalwart on Norway junior and open teams for thirty years before moving to Monaco. Through 2012 he has won four world championships in teams-of-four competition. As of October 2016 he ranks second among Open World Grand Masters and his regular partner Geir Helgemo ranks first.
From 1979 to 1981, Helness represented Norway on both its junior and open teams. In 1980 the juniors were European champions (there was yet no world championship) and the open team reached the World Team Olympiad semifinal. For 25 years the open team regularly reached European semifinals, and it won world silver medals in 1993 and 2001. Norway finally won the world team championship in 2007, the biennial Bermuda Bowl, with a team of six including Helness–Helgemo as anchor pair.
The couple Tor and Gunn Helness won the Mixed Pairs (an event without a world championship) at the 2005 European Open Championships. At the inaugural, 2008 World Mind Sports Games in Beijing, Tor Helness won the Open Individual gold medal and Geir Helgemo won the silver. Norway's open team won the bronze.

## Emigration to Monaco

From 2011 Helness and his regular Norwegian partner Geir Helgemo are full-time members of a team led and paid by the Swiss real estate tycoon Pierre Zimmermann, under contract expiring 2016. The team finished third in the 2010 world championship, not yet full-time, and it will compete in the European Bridge League open championship this spring. From 2012 all six members will be subjects of the Prince of Monaco and the team will be a prohibitive favorite to represent Monaco internationally in bridge events. Helness-Helgemo's last appearance representing Monaco was in 2018. After that they switched back to Norway, and where eligible to represent their home country again from 2021.

## Bridge career
### Major wins

* World Championships (5)
** Bermuda Bowl (1) 2007
** Rosenblum Cup (2) 2006, 2018
** World Transnational Open Teams Championship (2) 2009, 2015
* North American Bridge Championships (8)
** Reisinger (2) 2012, 2013
** Vanderbilt (1) 2010
** Spingold (3) 2011, 2012, 2018
** Jacoby Open Swiss Teams (1) 2005
** Open Pairs I (1) 2009
* European Championships (5)
** Open Teams (1) 2012
** Junior Teams (1) 1980
** Mixed Teams (1) 2005
** Mixed Pairs (1) 2005
** European Champions' Cup (1) 2016
* Nordic Championships (2)
** Open Teams (2) 1980, 1982
* Norwegian Championships (34)
** Open Pairs (7) 1980, 1982, 1986, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007
** Club Teams (9) 1981, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1989, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006
** Premier League (13) 1980, 1981, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2014
** Swiss Teams (2) 2007, 2008
** Mixed Pairs (1) 1991
** Mixed Teams (2) 2004, 2012

### Other notable wins

* Cap Volmac World Top Invitational Pairs (2) 1994, 1996
* Macallan Invitational Pairs (2) 1998, 1999
* Generali World Masters Individual (1) 2008
* Cavendish Invitational Teams (1) 2010
* European Winter Games (1) 2016
# Tornerò (I Santo California song)

"Tornerò" (Italian for "I Will Return") is a song by the Italian musical group I Santo California, released in 1974 as their debut single. The following year, the down-tempo love ballad became a number-one hit in Italy as well as a top five hit in German speaking countries. In Italy, it spent 3 consecutive weeks at no. 1 in June and July 1975, and was certified gold. In Switzerland, it remained at the top for 6 consecutive weeks in September and October 1975, and was the best-selling single of the year there. The song has been covered by numerous artists in various languages.

## Track listing

* 7" single
    A. "Tornerò" – 4:07
    B. "Se davvero mi vuoi bene" – 3:25

## Chart performance

| Chart (1975–76) | Peak position |
| Austria | 4 |
| Belgium (Wallonia) | 4 |
| France | 44 |
| West Germany | 2 |
| Italy | 1 |
| Switzerland | 1 |

## "Volveré"

"Volveré" (Spanish for "I Will Return") is the Spanish-language version first sung by Argentine singer, Diego Verdaguer. It was included on the album Volveré (1976). It debuted and peaked at number 5 on Billboard's Latin Digital Song Sales following his death in 2022.
His version was later covered by K-Paz de la Sierra for their album Pensando En Ti (2004). It peaked at number 6 in the same year on Billboard's Hot Latin Tracks chart. The song was nominated for Song of the Year at the 2006 Premio Lo Nuestro Awards.

### Chart performance

Diego Verdaguer version :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Billboard Latin Digital Song Sales | 5 |
K-Paz de la Sierra version :
| Chart (2004) | Peak position |
| Billboard Hot Latin Tracks | 6 |

## Other cover versions

* In 1975 Michael Holm recorded the song in German as Wart' auf mich (Du, wenn ich dich verlier') (Ariola, 16 225 AT) for his album Wenn ein Mann ein Mädchen liebt (Ariola, 55 606 DT). The song charted at no. 4 in Germany and no. 7 in Switzerland.
* Flemish singer Willy Sommers recorded the single of the song in Dutch as Kom terug text by Jan De Vuyst, (Philips Records, 856 780-2) for the 1995 album Profumo d'amore (Scent of love) (Philips Records, 526 590-2). His version reached no. 30 in Belgium.
* Amanda Lear covered the song as "I'll Miss You" for her 1998 album Back in Your Arms.
* In 2009, Austrian singer Sandra Stumptner contributed lyrics to a new German-language cover of the song, "1000 Träume weit (Tornerò)". The single, released under the pseudonym Antonia aus Tirol, charted at no. 89 in Germany. She re-recorded the song in duet with Sascha Heyna in 2013.
* Anna-Maria Zimmermann covered Antonia aus Tirol's version of the song reaching no. 68 in Germany in 2009.
# Upper Pearls

Upper Pearls is a town in Saint Andrew Parish, Grenada. It is located towards the northern end of the island, along the east coast.
# Tormod Førland

Tormod Ernst Dittmar Førland (6 June 1920 – 10 November 1995) was a Norwegian chemist, a researcher in inorganic and physical chemistry, and professor at the Norwegian Institute of Technology.

## Personal life

Førland was born in Høyland on 6 June 1920, a son of chemical engineer Tormod Reinert Førland and Berta Josefine Dittmar. In 1943 he married Katrine Seip [no], a daughter of Didrik Arup Seip.

## Career

Førland graduated as chemical engineer from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1946, and as dr. techn. in 1958. From 1947 to 1950 he attended universities in the United States, first the Carnegie Institute of Technology and then Pennsylvania State University. He was appointed as docent at the Norwegian Institute of Technology from 1959, and as professor of physical chemistry from 1963.
His research interests included oxygen ion activity, electrochemistry and irreversible thermodynamics. He was awarded the Gunnerus Medal in 1991.

## Selected works

* On the properties of some mixtures of fused salts. 1958. (thesis)
* Practicals in physical chemistry. With K. S. Førland and G. Ndaalio. Dar-es-Salaam. 1980.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
* Irreversible Thermodynamics. Theory and Applications. With K. S. Førland and S. K. Ratkje. Chichester. 1988. ISBN 9780471917069. OCLC 16758791.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
* Chemical thermodynamics. With K. S. Førland. Dar-es-Salaam. 1991.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
# Unwell (podcast)

Unwell, a Midwestern Gothic Mystery is a drama-dark fantasy horror podcast produced by Hartlife NFP. It premiered on February 19, 2019, and concluded on September 13, 2023, with the end of its fifth season.
The story follows a woman named Lilian "Lily" Harper (voiced by Clarisa Cherie Rios) returning back to her native remote town of Mt. Absalom, Ohio to look after her semi-estranged mother Dorothy "Dot" Harper (Marsha Harman), who runs a boarding house and recently suffered an injury; as strange events multiply, Lily and boarding house residents Abigail "Abbie" Douglas (Kathleen Hoil) and Rudolphus "Rudy" Peltham (Joshua K. Harris) start suspecting that Mt. Absalom -and its residents- are hiding many secrets. The podcast won a 2021 Audio Drama Award from the BBC.

## Background

The podcast began on February 19, 2019. The podcast is produced by Hartlife NFP. The show was inspired by Gravity Falls and House of Leaves. The premise of the show is that the protagonist, Lillian Harper, has returned home to her mother who owns an old boarding house in the Midwestern United States where strange things have been happening. Lily and her mother have been estranged for a long time, but her mother injured herself and needed someone to care for her while she recovered.

## Reception

Phoebe Lett wrote in The New York Times that the show might be horror but is also "goofy, romantic, funny or heart warming." Wil Williams commented on Polygon that the podcast uses silence to make the audience unsettled rather than jump scares. Scott Beggs wrote in Thrillist that the podcast "has the highest quality sound production." Toni Oisin wrote in Collider that the podcast is an "enticing and fresh listen." Digital Trends included the show on their best of 2022 list and said it had "impeccable audio and a quirky sense of humor." The podcast won a 2021 Audio Drama Award from BBC.
# Uranium (disambiguation)

Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92.
Uranium may also refer to:

## Chemistry

* Isotopes of uranium
** Uranium-232
** Uranium-233
** Uranium-234
** Uranium-235
** Uranium-236
** Uranium-238
** Uranium-239
** Uranium-240

## Places

* Uranium (Caria), a town of ancient Caria, now in Turkey
* Uranium City, Saskatchewan, a Canadian settlement

## Arts

* Uranium (album), 2015 album by Danish dancehall band Bikstok
# United States Senate Select Committee on the Transportation and Sale of Meat Products

The Select Committee on the Transportation and Sale of Meat Products, also known as the Vest Committee, after its first chairman Senator George G. Vest of Missouri, was a select committee of the United States Senate from 1887 – 1921. It was established to consider various aspects of the meat packing industry.

## History

The committee was formed in response to complaints by cattle producers and ranchers of abuse by major meat packers. It was the first investigation of the meat packing industry by U.S. Congress. One of the committee's first hearings was in St. Louis in November 1888 to investigate allegations that the "Big Four" meatpackers in Chicago were trying to "freeze out" competitors. In 1890, the committee issued a report that found no evidence of collusion by the major meat packers, but outlined various incidents of price fixing in the beef industry.
The committee's report stated, in part:
   The principal cause of the depression in the prices paid to the cattle raiser and of the remarkable fact that the cost of beef to the consumer has not decreased in proportion, comes from the artificial and abnormal centralization of markets, and the absolute control by a few operators thereby made possible.
   In place of the old system when shippers and butchers went from one cattle raiser to another, competing in the purchase of cattle, there is now a concentration of the market at a few points ... So far has this centralizing process continued that for all practical purposes the [Chicago] market ... dominates absolutely the price of beef cattle in the whole country.

## Chairmen

| Name | Party | State | Years |
| George G. Vest | Democratic | Missouri | 1887-1893 |
| Orville H. Platt | Republican | Connecticut | 1893-1895 |
| William B. Bate | Democratic | Tennessee | 1898-1899 |
| Richard F. Pettigrew | Silver Republican | South Dakota | 1900 |
| Vacant | | | 1901 |
| John W. Daniel | Democratic | Virginia | 1902-1907 |
| Samuel D. McEnery | Democratic | Louisiana | 1908-1910 |
| Murphy J. Foster | Democratic | Louisiana | 1911-1912 |
| Henry A. du Pont | Republican | Delaware | 1913-1915 |
| Carroll S. Page | Republican | Vermont | 1916-1921 |
| John K. Shields | Democratic | Tennessee | 1919-1921 |

## Sources

* 1 2 3 DiLorenzo, Thomas J. The Origins of Antitrust Rhetoric vs. Reality. Cato Institute. Regulation Magazine. Vol. 12, No. 3.
* ↑ American Law and the Marketing Structure of the Large Corporation, 1875-90.
* ↑ The short story on meat packing consolidation in America.
* ↑ Controversies in Livestock Pricing. Economic Research Service/USDA. Agriculture Outlook, December 2002.
* Report of the Select Committee on the Transportation and Sale of Meat Products, Senate Report No. 829, 51st Congress, 1st Session. United States Senate. Government Printing Office. May 1890.
* This United States Congress–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Phalaenostola metonalis

Phalaenostola metonalis, the pale phalaenostola, tufted snout or pale epidelta, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in North America from British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to North Carolina, west to Missouri.
The wingspan is 20–24 mm. Adults are on wing from June to September.
Larvae feed on dead grass and dead leaves of deciduous trees. Larvae have also been reared on dandelion and lettuce.
# Pholcus opilionoides

Pholcus opilionoides is a species of spider in the family Pholcidae (cellar spiders) found in Europe, Egypt, the Caucasus and possibly Iran.
# Phototropin

Phototropins are blue light photoreceptor proteins (more specifically, flavoproteins) that mediate phototropism responses across many species of algae, fungi and higher plants. Phototropins can be found throughout the leaves of a plant. Along with cryptochromes and phytochromes they allow plants to respond and alter their growth in response to the light environment. When phototropins are hit with blue light, they induce a signal transduction pathway that alters the plant cells' functions in different ways.
Phototropins are part of the phototropic sensory system in plants that causes various environmental responses in plants. Phototropins specifically will cause stems to bend towards light and stomata to open. In addition phototropins mediate the first changes in stem elongation in blue light prior to cryptochrome activation. Phototropins are also required for blue light mediated transcript destabilization of specific mRNAs in the cell.
Phototropins also regulate the movement of chloroplasts within the cell, notably chloroplast avoidance. It was thought that this avoidance serves a protective function to avoid damage from intense light, however an alternate study argues that the avoidance response is primarily to increase light penetration into deeper mesophyll layers in high light conditions. Phototropins may also be important for the opening of stomata.

## Enzyme activity

Phototropins have two distinct light, oxygen, or voltage regulated domains (LOV1, LOV2) that each bind flavin mononucleotide (FMN). The FMN is noncovalently bound to a LOV domain in the dark, but becomes covalently linked upon exposure to suitable light. The formation of the bond is reversible once light is no longer present. The forward reaction with light is not dependent on temperature, though low temperatures give increased stability of the covalent linkage, leading to a slower reversal reaction.
Light excitation will lead to a conformational change within the protein, which allows for kinase activity. There is also evidence to suggest that phototropins undergo autophosphorylation at various sites across the enzyme. Phototropins trigger signaling responses within the cell, but it is unknown which proteins are phosphorylated by phototropins, or exactly how the autophosphorylation events play a role in signaling.
Phototropins are typically found on the plasma membrane, but some phototropins have been found in substantial quantities on chloroplast membranes. One study found that phototropins on the plasma membrane play a role in phototropism, leaf flattening, stomatal opening, and chloroplast movements, while phototropins on the chloroplasts only partially affected stomatal opening and chloroplast movement, suggesting that the location of the protein in the cell may also play a role in its signaling function.
# Phiala infuscata

Phiala infuscata is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It was described by Karl Grünberg in 1907. It is found in Tanzania.
# PureView

Nokia PureView is the branding of a combination of technologies used in cameras of Nokia-branded smartphones and previously, in phones by Microsoft Mobile. PureView was first introduced with the Nokia 808 PureView.

## Hardware

PureView cameras have on-chip image processors that perform image scaling with oversampling, allowing additional digital zoom, and reduced noise compared to a typical smartphone camera. Both are combined with xenon flash, a 1080p HD video camera, and high-resolution Zeiss all-aspherical 1-group lenses. Unlike the Nokia 808, the Nokia Lumia 1020 — along with other Lumia PureView smartphone cameras — possesses optical image stabilization, which became standard in Lumia PureView bundling. The Nokia 808 does, however, compensate with its own exclusive camera-complementing media features, such as Micro HDMI TV-out, and built-in video editing.

## History

Following the acquisition of the Nokia Devices & Services division by Microsoft, the U.S. software company acquired the PureView name and trademark, but not the related imaging technology, which remained with Nokia, who, as a result, licensed it to Microsoft.
Since Microsoft's ownership, the technology has only been used in their late-2015 flagship Lumia 950.
In late August 2018, HMD Global reportedly acquired the ownership of the PureView trademark and related assets not under Nokia ownership.
On 24 February 2019, HMD Global, the exclusive licensee of Nokia-branded phones, launched the Nokia 9 PureView at the 2019 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona.
On 19 March 2020, HMD Global announced the Nokia 8.3 5G, which is said to feature a 64MP PureView Quad-Camera System with Carl Zeiss Optics.
The Nokia X30 5G was announced on 2 September 2022 with PureView technology, but the ZEISS lens is absent due to HMD Global ending its partnership with Carl Zeiss AG. The X30 features a 50 MP main sensor, which is the same as the Samsung Galaxy S22.

## Reception

At its initial debut with the Nokia 808 PureView, the PureView camera was acknowledged by critics as one of the most advanced smartphone cameras in the market. Critics also said it made devices bulky and heavy, and that the low-resolution screen on the 808 PureView made appreciating the camera's capabilities much harder.
Nokia was given several awards for the release of its PureView camera, including the TIPA Best Imaging Innovation award in 2012.

## Models

* Nokia 808 PureView (Symbian Belle)
* Nokia Lumia 920 (Windows Phone 8)
* Nokia Lumia 925 (Windows Phone 8)
* Nokia Lumia 928 (Windows Phone 8)
* Nokia Lumia Icon (Windows Phone 8)
* Nokia Lumia McLaren (Windows Phone 8.1)
* Nokia Lumia 830 (Windows Phone 8.1)
* Nokia Lumia 930 (Windows Phone 8.1)
* Nokia Lumia 1020 (Windows Phone 8)
* Nokia Lumia 1520 (Windows Phone 8)
* Nokia 9 PureView (Android One based on Android Pie 9.0)
* Nokia 8.3 5G (Android One based on Android 10)
* Nokia X30 5G (Android 12)
# Phiala dasypoda

Phiala dasypoda is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It was described by Wallengren in 1860. It is found in South Africa.
# University American College Skopje

The University American College Skopje (abbr. UACS) is a private university established in 2005. It is headquartered in Skopje, North Macedonia. The premises of UACS encompass 4,000 m2.

## Schools

* School of Business Administration
* School of Political Science
* School of Law
* School of Computer Science and Information Technology
* School of Architecture and Design
* School of Foreign Languages

## Library resources

The library of UACS has 1500 titles or 6500 books.
Since 2008, the Library of UACS started with publishing. The first book which was issued is Osnovi na Statistika by Evica Delova, and after that UACS library has continued with publishing of other books: Makroekonomija by Tome Nenovski, Decentralizacija na vlasta vo Republika Makedonija by Sapuric Zoran, Kon Univerzitetite od Tretata Generacija by Hans Vizema, Zivotna sredina I oddrzliv razvoj by Zoran Sapuric, and others. Besides these books, the library has published a number of readers and scripts (23) and eight books in electronic form, according to the rules laid down by the home library (NUL) in North Macedonia, which also contained in the Rules of Publishing UACS.

## Student council

The Student Council helps share students’ ideas, interests, and concerns with the teachers and principal. It also helps students raise funds for school wide projects.