OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vaartse Rijn

The Vaartse Rijn is a canal connecting the city of Utrecht with Nieuwegein and the Lek river in the Dutch province of Utrecht. The Vaartse Rijn was formerly a major shipping route between Utrecht and the Rhine basin.

## History

In 1122, Bishop Godebald of Utrecht dammed the Kromme Rijn where it branches from the Nederrijn at Wijk bij Duurstede. In the Roman period, The Kromme Rijn had been the main channel of the Rhine river, but by this stage was a minor distributary, most water flowing in the Lek and the Waal distributaries. The Kromme Rijn was dammed to prevent inundation of the Bishop's land holdings near Wijk bij Duurstede. The dam on the Kromme Rijn severed the shipping connection between Utrecht and the Rhine hinterland, and the citizens of Utrecht therefore decided to dig a canal restoring the connection.
The first phase of construction of the Vaartse Rijn, (also called the Rechte Rijn in contrast to the Kromme Rijn) began in 1127, making it one of the oldest canals in the Netherlands. The first stretch was dug between the moat surrounding Utrecht and Liesbosch (currently part of the town of Nieuwegein. In the middle of the 12th century, the Vaartse Rijn was extended in the direction of the Hollandse IJssel, (the so-called Doorslag canal). At its junction with the Hollandse IJssel, a lock protected the canal from inundation. At the time, the Hollandse IJssel was in open connection with the Lek river, a major distributary of the Rhine.
In 1285 Floris V, Count of Holland dammed the Hollandse IJssel connection between the Lek and the Hollandse IJssel. In order to maintain the connection between the Utrecht and the Lek, Floris ordered the construction of a new stretch of the Vaartse Rijn (the "Nieuwe Vaart"), to meet the Lek directly at Vreeswijk. In 1373 the Vaartse Rijn was deepened, and a lock installed at Vreeswijk.
# Valentin Tramontina

Valentin Tramontina (July 17, 1893 – February 28, 1939) was a Brazilian blacksmith, businessman, manufacturer and the founder of the Brazilian company Tramontina, In 1911, three years after the railroad had arrived in Carlos Barbosa, mountainous region of Rio Grande do Sul, he came to town, coming from Santa Barbara, inside Bento Gonçalves. The small blacksmith who set up in the city, next to the pavilion where today there is a tire repair the War Office, made minor repairs as put horseshoes on horses.

## Biography

Valentin was an artisan colonist, born in Santa Bárbara, in the municipality of Bento Gonçalves, son of Italian immigrants from the village of Poffabro, municipality of Frisanco, in the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeastern Italy.
In 1911, he moved to Carlos Barbosa, in the mountain region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, because the railroad meant a prospect of expansion. He set up a small workshop on a rented lot where small repairs were made, as well as making knives and horseshoes. After compulsory Brazilian military service, he resumed his activities and moved to a larger shed.
In 1930, Valentin released the knife "Santa Barbara" ref. No. 1, the product manufactured in greater quantity at the time. The smithy went through difficulties in the following years, culminating with the death of Valentin in 1939, who commanded the company for 28 years. After his death, Valentin's wife, Elisa Tramontina, took over the smithy.

## Personal life

In 1920, Tramontina married Elisa de Cecco. The couple had three children, Ivo, Henrique and Nilo.
# Vacuum servo

A vacuum servo is a component used on motor vehicles in their braking system, to provide assistance to the driver by decreasing the braking effort. In the US it is commonly called a brake booster.
A vacuum servo, also known as a power booster or power brake unit, uses a vacuum, usually supplied by the engine, to multiply the driver's pedal effort and apply that effort to the master cylinder.
Because the servo depends on the vacuum supplied by a running engine, a check valve is typically used in the vacuum line to maintain residual vacuum without engine support, allowing limited use even after parking.
# Valerophenone

Valerophenone, or butyl phenyl ketone, is an aromatic ketone with the formula C$_6$H$_5$C(O)C$_4$H$_9$. It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is usually prepared by the acylation of benzene using valeryl chloride.

## Selected reactions

Being prochiral, valerophenone undergoes enantioselective hydrogenation to the corresponding alcohol.
Its photochemistry has been studied.
Valerophenone is also an inhibitor of the enzyme carbonyl reductase.
# Valentin Thurn

Valentin Thurn (born 1963, Stuttgart, Germany) is a German film maker, writer and director. He created the 2010 documentary Taste the Waste. He is also the co-founder of the International Federation of Environmental Journalists.

## Early life

Valentin Thurn was born in 1963 in Stuttgart, Germany.

## Career

The television documentaries that he has written and directed have received awards and have been aired for numerous national German broadcasters. He is the founder of the Cologne-based Thurn Film production company which began in 2003. His film Taste the Waste which was shown at UK Green Film Festival, City Screen, York on May 19, 2012, exposed how a significant percentage of food on its journey from the farm to the dinner table ends up in landfill. He interviewed everyone in the food chain which included food producers, consumers to administrators and even politicians. It won Best Film of 2011 at Germany’s Atlantis Environment and Nature Film Festival. It also got the Documentary Film Award at EKOFILM International Film Festival in the Czech Republic. Another award in Germany that the film picked up was Environmental Media Prize by the German Environmental Organisation.
He founded the food sharing website Foodsharing.de, which was launched in January 2013. It was set up as a practical way to help to help solve food waste. The difference between this operation and food banks where people would have to prove they were needy, this one could be accessed by anybody. It was reported in November 2014 by the New York Times that in December that year, Foodsharing.de would incorporate Lebensmittelretten.de, a food sharing website which was founded by Raphael Fellmer.
He has been quoted as saying "the food industry played on consumers’ feelings to get them to buy."

## Filmography

* 10 Billion - What's on your plate? (10 Milliarden - Wie werden wir alle satt?) - 2015
* Die Essensretter - 2013
* Taste the Waste - 2010
* Guillaume Depardieu - Es ist die Hölle! - 2010
* Ein Lotse fürs Leben - 2009
* The Whistleblower - Der aufsässige Staatsdiener - Ein Beamter packt aus - 2009
* Unschuldig im Knast - 2009
* Tod im Krankenhaus - 2008
* Gefundenes Fressen - 2008
* Samenspender unbekannt - 2008
* Impfen - Nur ein kleiner Nadelstich? - 2007
* Faustrecht hinter Gittern - 2007
* Mit meiner Tochter nicht - Frauen-Beschneidung in Europa - 2007
* Ich bin Al Kaida - Das Leben des Zacarias Moussaoui - 2006
* Mein Kind in deinem Bauch - 2006
* Mein Vater will mich umbringen - Frauen auf der Flucht vor Ehrenmorden - 2005
* Bittere Pillen - 2005
* Ein Kind um jeden Preis - 2005
* Der Ruf nach dem Kind - 2004
* Oh diese Beckers - ein Familie im Rampenlicht
* Papa liebt einen Mann - 2003
* Der Trail Der Toros - 2003
* Die Story (TV Series documentary), Episode: Der Arzt und die verstrahlten Kinder von Basra (2003)
# Vancouver Career College

Vancouver Career College is a private for-profit post-secondary career college with seven campuses in British Columbia, Canada. It specializes in training students for careers in health care, business, legal administration, education and various trades. Established in 1996, the college is owned by the Eminata Group via Vancouver Career College (Burnaby) Inc. which does business as three different career colleges: Vancouver Career College, CDI College, and Vancouver College of Art and Design.

## Campus locations

The college has seven locations in British Columbia:
* Abbotsford
* Burnaby
* Chilliwack
* Coquitlam
* Kelowna
* Surrey
* Vancouver

## Programs

Vancouver Career College is accredited by the Private Training Institutions Branch (PTIB) of the British Columbia Ministry of Advanced Education, Skills & Training. It offers over 50 PTIB-approved vocational courses, including:
* Practical Nursing
* Accounting and Payroll Administrator
* Construction Electrician Foundation
* Health Care Assistant
* International Trade
* Business Administration/E-Commerce Management
# Vallecito Dam

Vallecito Dam (National ID # CO01695) is a dam in La Plata County, Colorado about 18 miles (29 km) northeast of Durango.
Trees were cleared for the reservoir by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The earthen dam was constructed in 1940 by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, with a height of 162 feet (49 m), and a length at its crest of 4,010 feet (1,220 m). It impounds the Los Pinos River for irrigation water storage. The dam is owned by the Bureau and is operated by the local Pine River Irrigation District.
The reservoir it creates, Vallecito Reservoir, has a water surface of 4.3 square miles (11 km$^2$) and a maximum capacity of 125,400 acre-feet (154,700,000 m$^3$). Recreational opportunities include fishing, hunting, boating, camping and hiking.

## Climate

Climate data for Vallecito Dam, Colorado, 1991–2020 normals, 1917-2020 records: 7644ft (2330m) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 62 (17) | 63 (17) | 71 (22) | 79 (26) | 87 (31) | 92 (33) | 93 (34) | 91 (33) | 90 (32) | 82 (28) | 70 (21) | 62 (17) | 93 (34) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 49.5 (9.7) | 51.3 (10.7) | 61.7 (16.5) | 69.3 (20.7) | 77.2 (25.1) | 85.4 (29.7) | 88.1 (31.2) | 85.0 (29.4) | 81.2 (27.3) | 72.9 (22.7) | 60.5 (15.8) | 50.8 (10.4) | 88.4 (31.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 38.0 (3.3) | 40.8 (4.9) | 49.1 (9.5) | 56.8 (13.8) | 65.7 (18.7) | 76.8 (24.9) | 81.1 (27.3) | 78.7 (25.9) | 72.5 (22.5) | 60.9 (16.1) | 48.3 (9.1) | 38.5 (3.6) | 58.9 (15.0) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 22.6 (−5.2) | 26.0 (−3.3) | 34.8 (1.6) | 42.0 (5.6) | 50.2 (10.1) | 59.4 (15.2) | 65.0 (18.3) | 63.2 (17.3) | 56.4 (13.6) | 45.6 (7.6) | 34.4 (1.3) | 25.3 (−3.7) | 43.7 (6.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 7.2 (−13.8) | 11.1 (−11.6) | 20.4 (−6.4) | 27.2 (−2.7) | 34.6 (1.4) | 42.1 (5.6) | 48.8 (9.3) | 47.8 (8.8) | 40.3 (4.6) | 30.3 (−0.9) | 20.5 (−6.4) | 12.1 (−11.1) | 28.5 (−1.9) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −9.0 (−22.8) | −6.7 (−21.5) | 3.5 (−15.8) | 15.4 (−9.2) | 24.4 (−4.2) | 32.3 (0.2) | 41.3 (5.2) | 40.9 (4.9) | 29.6 (−1.3) | 18.3 (−7.6) | 4.6 (−15.2) | −5.6 (−20.9) | −12.0 (−24.4) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −35 (−37) | −31 (−35) | −21 (−29) | −6 (−21) | 15 (−9) | 20 (−7) | 32 (0) | 28 (−2) | 22 (−6) | 2 (−17) | −10 (−23) | −22 (−30) | −35 (−37) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.52 (64) | 2.14 (54) | 1.69 (43) | 1.36 (35) | 1.66 (42) | 0.88 (22) | 2.57 (65) | 3.24 (82) | 3.36 (85) | 2.34 (59) | 1.93 (49) | 2.07 (53) | 25.76 (653) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 19.60 (49.8) | 21.20 (53.8) | 10.40 (26.4) | 3.60 (9.1) | 0.60 (1.5) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.70 (1.8) | 7.40 (18.8) | 21.40 (54.4) | 84.9 (215.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.1 | 7.3 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 7.7 | 4.6 | 12.8 | 14.9 | 10.7 | 7.3 | 5.3 | 7.7 | 96.5 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 5.5 | 6.5 | 4.7 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 3.7 | 7.2 | 30.5 |
| Source 1: NOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: XMACIS2 (records & monthly max/mins) ||||||||||||||
# Valentine O'Connor

Valentine Rickard O'Connor (1878 – 23 June 1956) was an Irish cricketer. O'Connor was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born Ireland, but where exactly and on what exact date is unknown.
O'Connor, who played as an amateur, made his first-class debut for Middlesex in 1908 against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton. The following season he played 2 further first-class matches, both against Sussex.
In his 3 first-class matches, O'Connor scored 40 runs at a batting average of 10.00, with a high score of 30. With the ball he took a single wicket in his only bowling innings, taking figures of 1/62.
He died in Paddington, London on 23 June 1956.
# Valérie Chavez-Demoulin

Valérie Chavez-Demoulin is a Swiss statistician whose research includes statistical models of extreme events and their application to risk management. She is a professor of statistics at HEC Lausanne.

## Education and career

Chavez-Demoulin studied mathematics and statistics at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, earning a master's degree there before completing her Ph.D. in 1999. Her dissertation, Two Problems in Environmental Statistics: Capture-Recapture Analysis and Smooth Extremal Models, concerned environmental statistics, and was supervised by Anthony C. Davison.
After postdoctoral research with the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) at the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) in Davos, she became a researcher at ETH Zurich and a hedge fund manager before taking her present position at HEC Lausanne.

## Recognition

Chavez-Demoulin is an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute.
# Vasyl Nikiforov

Vasyl Semenovych Nikiforov (4 August 1954, Pavlivka, Khmilnyk Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast – 7 March 2015, Vinnytsia) was a Ukrainian serviceman and a lieutenant general. He was the Deputy Commander of the Air Force for Aviation – Chief of Aviation of the Air Force Command of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, a military sniper aviator. He accumulated over 3300 hours of flight time. His mentor was Fedir Tyshchuk.

## Biography

Nikiforov graduated from the Chernihiv Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots (1975), the Gagarin Air Force Academy (1989) and the National Defense Academy of Ukraine (2008).
He held positions from a pilot of a fighter aviation regiment to the Deputy Commander of the Air Force for Aviation – Chief of Aviation of the Air Force Command of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. He was a member of the interdepartmental working group on improving the training of flight personnel, ensuring the proper level of technical condition and safety of state aviation aircraft.
In 2008, Vasyl Nikiforov flew Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko into the sky on a Su-27. He personally supervised the actions of Ukrainian aviation during the joint Ukrainian-American-Polish exercise "Safe Skies 2011" in Myrhorod. Since 2014, he fought in eastern Ukraine, became ill and after being examined in a military hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer, was treated in Israel. On 7 March 2015 he died in the Vinnytsia Military Medical Clinical Center.

## Awards

* Order of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, 1st (2015, posthumously), 2nd (2013) and 3rd (2009) class

## Honoring the memory

On 30 December 2015, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko, taking into account the special services to the Motherland of Lieutenant General Vasyl Nikiforov and taking into account the exemplary performance of tasks by the personnel, decided to name the 299th Tactical Aviation Brigade of the Air Force of Ukraine after Lieutenant General Vasyl Nikiforov.
On 10 February 2016, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko, in order to honor the memory of Lieutenant General Vasyl Nikiforov, taking into account his courage and heroism, unbreakable spirit in the struggle for an independent Ukrainian state and taking into account his high professionalism, exemplary performance of assigned tasks by the personnel of the 831st Guards Tactical Aviation Brigade of the Air Force of Ukraine, he decided to name the Su-27 aircraft (tail number 50) of the 831st Guards Tactical Aviation Brigade of the Air Force of Ukraine after Vasyl Nikiforov.
On 6 December 2016, a memorial plaque to Vasyl Nikiforov was unveiled at the secondary school No. 3 in Kalynivka.
# Vanessa Hollingshead

Vanessa Hollingshead is an American actress and stand-up comedian who has performed on many comedy programs including Comedy Central Presents, Live At Jongleurs, Just For Laughs, The Jim Breuer Show, and Funny Women of a Certain Age. She has also acted in a number of films, including a small role in the 1999 film, Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai.

## Early life

Hollingshead was born in New York City. Her father is Michael Hollingshead, a British-born researcher who performed some of the first experiments with psychedelic drugs and hallucinogens, and who introduced Timothy Leary and Paul McCartney to LSD.

## Career

After years working as an office temp, in 1994 Hollingshead performed in an open mic night at the end of a four-hour-long night, claiming at the time "Even Richard Pryor wouldn't be funny at this point". Nine months later Hollingshead performed a twelve-minute slot at The Comic Strip Live on Second Avenue, New York City. As a result of this performance she was offered a number of development deals and an offer to appear on The Drew Carey Show, which she turned down. In 1996 she appeared on the Tompkins Square show hosted by Jeffrey Ross in her first television appearance. Further television appearances followed in 1997 and 1998, on Live At Jongleurs and The Jim Breuer Show. Whilst continuing with both live stand-up and television appearances (most notably when writing and appearing in Comedy Central Presents in 2004), Hollingshead also appeared in several films. As well as appearing in Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai, she appeared with ventriloquist act Otto & George and Jim Breuer again in the 2002 film American Dummy, and opposite Greg Fitzsimmons and Pete Correale in the 2003 film The Gynecologists. Hollingshead also runs comedy workshops for aspiring comedians.

## Personal life

Hollingshead was married to Lucien Hold, the founder and manager of The Comic Strip Live in New York, whom she had first met when she appeared there in 1995. Hold died in 2004 from complications arising from scleroderma. This led to Hollingshead becoming an active member of The Scleroderma Foundation, an organization which campaigns for support for patients and caretakers, education about scleroderma, and research to find a cure.
# Vangudi

Vangudi is a village in the Udayarpalayam taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located 235 km away from Chennai.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Vangudi had a total population of 4795 with 2419 males and 2376 females.
# Velike Grahovše

Velike Grahovše (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It is made up of a number of smaller hamlets: Trate, Leše, Loke, Torog, Suho Dobje, and Velike Grahovše. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.
# Velvet bean

Velvet bean is a common name for several legumes and may refer to:
* Mucuna pruriens and its subspecies Mucuna deeringiana
* Pseudarthria hookeri
# Velika Ves, Croatia

Velika Ves is a village in Croatia, population 727 (census 2011). It is connected by the D1 highway.
# Velika Trnovitica

Velika Trnovitica (German: Wellicha) is a village and municipality in Bjelovar-Bilogora County, Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, the population of the municipality was 1,091 with 486 living in the town proper. In 2011, there were 1,370 inhabitants in the municipality, 94.8% of whom were Croats.

## Politics
### Minority councils and representatives

Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Serbs of Croatia fulfilled legal requirements to elect 10 members minority council of the Municipality of Trnovitica but the elections were not organized due to the lack of candidates.

## Notable people

* Žiga Hirschler - composer, music critic and publicist
# Velika Usora

Velika Usora River (English: Big Usora) is a river in central-northern Bosnia and Herzegovina. At its confluence with the Mala Usora River, at Teslić, it creates the Usora River. The Velika Usora has been historically important for the industrial development of Teslić, including a chemical factory and a steam-powered sawmill.
# Verea Viteazul

Verea Viteazul is a character of Romanian folklore, a powerful and courageous hero, and the elder brother of Ileana Cosânzeana.

## Role in folktales

He appears as the main character in Romanian fairy tale "Chiperi Viteazul lumii, Verea Viteazul and Mucha-far-de-moarte" (first published in 1901) by Alexandru Vasiliu, in Moldavian folk tale "Verea-Viteazul" (published in the scientific collection "Genuri si specii folkloristice", by Chisinau "Stiinta", in 1972), and in tale "Fat-Frumos and Verea Viteazul", first published in 1973 in a compilation by author and folklorist Grigore Botezatu [uk]. All of them are based on ancient folk Romanian traditions and legends.
All these tales, with some variations, describe a single plot: having shot three pigeons on a hunt, Verea Viteazul rests under a huge tree with his horse and his dogs and lights a fire to fry the pigeons. He then hears from the tree the voice of an old woman who complains that she is cold. Verea Viteazul invites her to go down to the fire to warm up. The old woman gives him three hairs and tells him to throw them on his horse and his dogs. After he throws the hairs, she goes down barefooted to the fire with frogs on a spit and strives to touch his pigeons. Verea Viteazul demands that she not spoil his food, but the old woman replies that those who fry pigeons should eat frogs, and those who fry frogs should eat pigeons. Verea Viteazul pushes her away from the fire. Then the hairs turn into chains and bind his horse and dogs, and the old woman grows over him as a monster and, threatening to strangle him, tells him not to move. In punishment, the old hag rips open his belly, takes out the intestines, heart and kidneys, and instead stuffs his belly with horse dung or wood rot. The old hag takes Verea Viteazul’s viscera to her house on the top of a tree, heals his ripped open belly with magic water, and before releasing him, she says that if he tells someone about what happened, he will die immediately. Verea Viteazul returns to his palace.

## Interpretations

In his work "Die rumänische Mädchen-Spinnstube und ihre Parallelen im Zaubermärchen", German explorer Hans Fink draws an analogy between the old hag on the tree and the famous German folk character Perchta or Frau Bercht. In turn, Romanian-Spanish scholar Angela Castineira Ionescu, in her work "Contribución al conocimiento de la estructura de los cuentos tradicionales románticos: el héroe en el cuento popular rumano", points to her perverted sexual fetishism.
# Vere Wynne-Jones

Vere Wynne-Jones (29 June 1950 – 23 July 2006) was one of Ireland's best-known broadcasters, as a journalist and commentator on both RTÉ radio and television and also on Dublin radio station Q 102. Wynne-Jones was originally a teacher, then a broadcast journalist, sports commentator, and latterly a public relations advisor and public relations educator. He also had a number of cameo roles in The Den's Christmas Specials. He was the son of a Church of Ireland clergyman, Reverend Martin Jones. Through his mother he was related to the de Veres of Curraghchase.
Wynne-Jones was educated at Villiers Secondary School, Limerick, and later at Trinity College Dublin, where he studied economics and politics. His teaching career brought him to Newpark Comprehensive School, Blackrock, County Dublin and he played an important role in the conceptual design of the Transition Year programme.
He was a member of the Masonic Order and discussed the work of the Freemasons on television.
He was a diagnosed with bowel cancer in 2002 and also underwent treatment for liver cancer. He died on 23 July 2006, aged 56.
# Verdite

Verdite is a trade name for two green stones found in Africa
* A variety of serpentinite
* A variety of fuchsite
# Vermilion Airport

Vermilion Airport (IATA: YVG, ICAO: CYVG) is located adjacent to Vermilion, Alberta, Canada.