OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Unio tumidiformis

Unio tumidiformis is a species of bivalve belonging to the family Unionidae. It is endemic to the southwestern Iberian Peninsula. Existing populations are known from the Guadiana, Mira, and Sado Rivers in Portugal and Spain.
Unio tumidiformis is related to Unio crassus and has been considered a "race" of the latter, but a 2009 study found the two species to be clearly distinct.

## Description

Unio tumidiformis grows to a shell length of 57 mm (2.2 in) and wet weight of 16 g (0.56 oz). The shell is oval in shape. In a population in southern Portugal, mussels became sexually mature at the age of 2 years. The maximum observed age was 7 years.

## Habitat

Unio tumidiformis occurs in temporary Mediterranean-type streams, surviving the dry season in pools that do not dry up. It is also known from some lakes (Lagunas de Ruidera in Spain). Its larvae (glochidia) seem to successfully develop only in fish of the genus Squalius (Cyprinidae).

## Conservation

Populations from the Guadiana and Guadalquivir River basins have already been extirpated. This species is threatened by changes of hydrologic regime of the streams, natural droughts, gravel and water extraction, dams, and impoundments. Also the loss of suitable host fish and pollution are threats.
# Pseudoacontias unicolor

Pseudoacontias unicolor is a species of lizard which is endemic to Madagascar.
# Unconditional: Love Songs

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Digital Spy | |
Unconditional: Love Songs is the third compilation album released by Australian singer-songwriter Peter Andre, following The Very Best of Peter Andre: The Hits Collection (2002) and The Platinum Collection (2005).

## Background

Following the success of Revelation, it was announced that Conehead Management had bought the rights to release all of Andre's previous material in a new compilation format. On 2 December 2009, it was announced that Conehead had decided to release a compilation featuring ten of Andre's classic love songs, as well as five new recordings specifically for the album. On 29 January 2010, the album's one and only single, "I Can't Make You Love Me", was released via digital download. The album was officially released on 1 February 2010, selling over 65,000 copies and being certified silver, as well as peaking at number 7 on the UK Albums Chart. To promote the album, Andre embarked on a nationwide promotional tour, signing copies of the album and undertaking various print, television and radio interviews. Andre performed the album's new recordings as part of his Revelation Tour, which started in November 2010.

## Certifications

| Country | Provider | Certification | Sales |
| United Kingdom | BPI | Silver | 65,000+ |
# Unified school district

A unified school district (in the states of Arizona, California, Kansas and Oregon) or unit school district (in Illinois), in the United States of America, is a school district that generally includes and operates both primary schools (kindergarten through middle school or junior high) and high schools (grades 9–12) under the same district control.
This distinction is predominant in states where elementary school districts and high school districts are, or were, generally separate. The Los Angeles Unified School District is a major example of a unified school district in California. In California and Illinois, and possibly other states, unified or unit school districts are not the same as consolidated or union school districts, which are generally formed by the consolidation of multiple school districts of the same type.
In Kansas, the unified school districts developed after legislation passed in 1962 that was intended to reduce the number of rural school districts. After the law's passage, the number of districts in Kansas dropped dramatically. In 1947, there were over 3,000 districts. After the unification law and establishment of unified school districts, their number dropped to under 400.
In Arizona, unified school districts elect 5 school board members. Common school districts have elected boards consisting of 3 members.

## Distinct uses of the term

Some other states use the term "unified school district" to refer to different characteristics. For example:
* In Connecticut, a unified school district is a statewide school district serving students under the jurisdiction of a particular state department:
** Unified School District #1 is under the Connecticut Department of Correction.
** Unified School District #2 is under the Connecticut Department of Children and Families.
** Unified School District #3 is under the Department of Developmental Services.
* In Vermont, a unified school district is a type of union school district, in which "the town school districts (and school boards) are abolished and representatives from the former districts are elected to form one school board."
* In Wisconsin, a unified school district is one type of school district. Its school board has "the powers and duties of the school board and annual meeting in a common school district."
# Pseudolaguvia spicula

Pseudolaguvia spicula is a species of sisorid catfish in the family Erethistidae. It is found in the Surma-Meghna River system in India and Bangladesh.

## Description

Pseudolaguvia spicula reaches a standard length of 3.1 cm (1.2 in).
# Pseudo-determinant

In linear algebra and statistics, the pseudo-determinant is the product of all non-zero eigenvalues of a square matrix. It coincides with the regular determinant when the matrix is non-singular.

## Definition

The pseudo-determinant of a square n-by-n matrix A may be defined as:
    $|\mathbf {A} |_{+}=\lim _{\alpha \to 0}{\frac {|\mathbf {A} +\alpha \mathbf {I} |}{\alpha ^{n-\operatorname {rank} (\mathbf {A} )}}}$
where |A| denotes the usual determinant, I denotes the identity matrix and rank(A) denotes the matrix rank of A.

## Definition of pseudo-determinant using Vahlen matrix

The Vahlen matrix of a conformal transformation, the Möbius transformation (i.e. $(ax+b)(cx+d)^{-1}$ for $a,b,c,d\in {\mathcal {G}}(p,q)$), is defined as $[f]={\begin{bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{bmatrix}}$. By the pseudo-determinant of the Vahlen matrix for the conformal transformation, we mean
    $\operatorname {pdet} {\begin{bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{bmatrix}}=ad^{\dagger }-bc^{\dagger }.$
If $\operatorname {pdet} [f]>0$, the transformation is sense-preserving (rotation) whereas if the $\operatorname {pdet} [f]<0$, the transformation is sense-preserving (reflection).

## Computation for positive semi-definite case

If $A$ is positive semi-definite, then the singular values and eigenvalues of $A$ coincide. In this case, if the singular value decomposition (SVD) is available, then $|\mathbf {A} |_{+}$ may be computed as the product of the non-zero singular values. If all singular values are zero, then the pseudo-determinant is 1.
Supposing $\operatorname {rank} (A)=k$, so that k is the number of non-zero singular values, we may write $A=PP^{\dagger }$ where $P$ is some n-by-k matrix and the dagger is the conjugate transpose. The singular values of $A$ are the squares of the singular values of $P$ and thus we have $|A|_{+}=\left|P^{\dagger }P\right|$, where $\left|P^{\dagger }P\right|$ is the usual determinant in k dimensions. Further, if $P$ is written as the block column $P=\left({\begin{smallmatrix}C\\D\end{smallmatrix}}\right)$, then it holds, for any heights of the blocks $C$ and $D$, that $|A|_{+}=\left|C^{\dagger }C+D^{\dagger }D\right|$.

## Application in statistics

If a statistical procedure ordinarily compares distributions in terms of the determinants of variance-covariance matrices then, in the case of singular matrices, this comparison can be undertaken by using a combination of the ranks of the matrices and their pseudo-determinants, with the matrix of higher rank being counted as "largest" and the pseudo-determinants only being used if the ranks are equal. Thus pseudo-determinants are sometime presented in the outputs of statistical programs in cases where covariance matrices are singular. In particular, the normalization for a multivariate normal distribution with a covariance matrix Σ that is not necessarily nonsingular can be written as ${\frac {1}{\sqrt {(2\pi )^{\operatorname {rank} (\mathbf {\Sigma } )}|\mathbf {\Sigma } |_{+}}}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {|2\pi \mathbf {\Sigma } |_{+}}}}\,.$
# Prue IIA

The Prue IIA is an American, high-wing, two-seat, T-tailed glider that was designed by Irving Prue and constructed by Ed Minghelle of Palmdale, California.

## Design and development

Based on the Prue Two, the IIA incorporates many changes to the basic design, including a T-tail in place of a low-tail, fixed instead of retractable landing gear, a shorter two-piece wing instead of a three-piece wing and an empty weight that is 210 lb (95 kg) lighter. The Prue IIA was built by Minghelle between 1961 and 1964, culminating in a first flight in October 1964.
The Prue IIA has a 60 ft (18.3 m) wing that employs a NACA 63-618 airfoil. The aircraft is of all-metal construction and seats two in tandem under a long single-piece canopy.
Only one Prue IIA was ever built.

## Operational history

The Prue IIA was used to set several multi-place glider records. It held the world out-and-return record of 366.88 mi (590.44 km) for a period of six months in 1967. A second world out-and-return record was set in 1972, flying 425.3 mi (684.5 km) from Pearblossom, California. In 1967 it was also flown to a world multi-place declared goal record of 322.35 mi (519 km).
The IIA was removed from the Federal Aviation Administration aircraft registry on 16 March 1989 and now belongs to the National Soaring Museum.

## Aircraft on display

* National Soaring Museum - sole example, listed as "in storage".

## Specifications (Prue IIA)

Data from Sailplane Directory and Soaring
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Wingspan: 60 ft 0 in (18.29 m)
* Wing area: 185 sq ft (17.2 m$^2$)
* Aspect ratio: 18.3
* Airfoil: NACA 63-618
* Empty weight: 880 lb (399 kg)
* Gross weight: 1,350 lb (612 kg)
Performance
* Maximum glide ratio: 36:1 at 60 mph (97 km/h)
* Rate of sink: 120 ft/min (0.61 m/s) at 45 mph (72 km/h)
* Wing loading: 6.2 lb/sq ft (30 kg/m$^2$)
# Pseuduvaria nervosa

Pseuduvaria nervosa is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia.
# Pseuduvaria macrophylla

Pseuduvaria macrophylla is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Thailand. Daniel Oliver, the English botanists who first formally described the species using the synonym Mitrephora macrophylla, named it after its large leaves (Latinized forms of Greek μακρος, makros and φυλλον, phullon).

## Description

It is a tree reaching 14 meters in height. The young, yellow-brown to dark brown branches are densely covered in hairs. Its elliptical to egg-shaped, papery to leathery leaves are 12–29.5 by 4-11 centimeters. The leaves have pointed to wedge-shaped to blunt bases and tapering tips, with the tapering portion 5-22 millimeters long. The leaves are hairless on their upper and lower surfaces. The leaves have 12-22 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. Its densely hairy petioles are 2-12 by 1–3.5 millimeters with a broad groove on their upper side. Its Inflorescences occur alone or in pairs on branches, and are organized on indistinct peduncles. Each inflorescence has a 1-2 flowers. Each flower is on a very densely hairy pedicel that is 3-18 by 0.3-1.1 millimeters. The pedicels are organized on a rachis up to 5 millimeters long that have up to 3 bracts. The pedicels have a medial, slightly hairy bract that is 0.3-1 millimeters long. Its flowers are unisexual. Its flowers have 3 triangular sepals, that are 1–2.5 by 1–2.5 millimeters and partially fused at their base. The sepals are hairless on their upper surface, very densely hairy on their lower surface, and hairy at their margins. Its 6 petals are arranged in two rows of 3. The outer petals are dark red, pink-purple, or purple. The oval to elliptical, outer petals are 1.5-4 by 2–3.5 millimeters with hairless upper surfaces and sparsely to densely hairy lower surfaces. The inner petals are dark red or purple. The heart-shaped to triangular, inner petals have a 2-5 millimeter long claw at their base and a 4-11 by 2-7 millimeter blade. The inner petals have heart-shaped to flat bases and pointed tips. The inner petals are hairless on their upper surface, except near their tips, and densely hairy on their lower surfaces. The inner petals have an elliptical, smooth, prominently raised gland on their upper surface. Male flowers have up to 55-65 stamens that are 0.7-1.3 by 0.4-0.8 millimeters. Female flowers have 11-17 carpels that are 1.2-2.1 by 0.6-1 millimeters. Each carpel has 2-5 ovules arranged in two rows. The female flowers have 3-9 sterile stamens. The fruit occur in clusters of 3–15 on slightly hairy pedicles that are 10-30 by 1–2.5 millimeters. The dark brown, globe-shaped fruit are 7-17 by 5-15 millimeters. The fruit are smooth, and very densely hairy. Each fruit has 4-5 hemispherical to lens-shaped seeds that are 8-9 by 5–7.5 by 2.5-5 millimeters. The seeds are very wrinkly.

### Reproductive biology

The pollen of P. macrophylla is shed as permanent tetrads.

## Habitat and distribution

It has been observed growing in well-drained sand-loam, sand-clay and red soils in lowland and submontane forests at elevations of 50–1500 meters.
# Pseudopityophthorus pruinosus

Pseudopityophthorus pruinosus is a species of typical bark beetle in the family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Unit system of machinery

The unit system of machinery was a method of arranging a ship's propulsion machinery into separate units that could each operate autonomously in case of damage to the ship. For a steamship, this would be a boiler room supplying steam to an engine room. There might also be a gearing room that housed the transmission that actually turned the propeller shaft(s). Ideally each "unit" should have an additional compartment between them to further reduce the risk. Many ships were able to provide steam via cross-connections from either boiler room to either engine room.
The unit system was developed during World War I to help mitigate damage and flooding from damage inflicted by a weapon and to preserve a ship's mobility by physically separating the engines and boilers into at least two groups so that a single torpedo hit, for example, could not flood all of the boiler or engine rooms, disabling all of the ship's propulsion machinery. A single World War II torpedo hit would typically blow a 35-by-15-foot (10.7 m × 4.6 m) hole in the hull and would compromise the integrity of adjacent watertight bulkheads over twice that length and further if the ship was of riveted construction rather than welded. This would usually flood two compartments and possibly three.
The unit system invariably added length to accommodate the additional piping to cross-connect the engines and boilers and the widely separated boilers required two funnels which reduced the fields of fire of the ship's anti-aircraft guns and added topweight. There could be significant knock-on costs as well. For example, the second batch of the British Leander-class light cruisers of the 1930s (which were all eventually sold to Australia) were modified to use the unit system. This increased the length of the machinery spaces by 8 feet (2.4 m) and the waterline belt armor needed to protect the boilers increased by a length of 57 feet (17.4 m). The extra weight of the armor required the beam to be increased by 1 foot 8 inches (0.51 m) to preserve stability. All of these changes made the ships more expensive than their predecessors.

## Citations

* ↑ Brown, p. 163
* ↑ Brown, pp. 163–164
* ↑ Raven & Roberts, p. 156
# Pseudopolycesta

Pseudopolycesta tigrina is a species of beetles in the family Buprestidae, the only species in the genus Pseudopolycesta.
# Universal Accounting Center

Universal Accounting Center (UA) is a privately owned training organization located in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. Founded in 1979, they offer self-paced home-study courses in accounting, bookkeeping, tax preparation, QuickBooks and marketing that specializes in small business.

## History

Universal Accounting was established in 1979. The training center was founded as Universal Training Systems by Alf Bostrom with the purpose to teach students full-charge bookkeeping and accounting. It first functioned under the parent company Metropolitan Business Bureau (MBB) which Alf began as a financial consulting firm in 1960. Through his experience with MBB, Alf established the business model upon which Universal Accounting would be built. Until quite recently, Universal Accounting was run by Alf’s son, Allen Bostrom.
Universal Training Systems initially followed a classroom-based learning model, and the first Universal classroom was opened in Salt Lake City, Utah. Shortly thereafter, several school locations in California, Colorado, New York and New Jersey were opened and franchised.
In 1992, Alf’s sons, Allen and Ken Bostrom, joined his staff, and in 1994, Alf retired, and Allen Bostrom became president and CEO of the newly named Universal Accounting Center. The school has evolved from offering local live courses to developing and selling home-based study materials for bookkeeping, accounting, tax preparation, QuickBooks and marketing. On April 1, 2014, Roger Knecht became UAC's new president and CEO; Allen Bostrom remains as the chair of Universal's board of directors.

## Accreditation

Universal Accounting has been approved by the California Tax Education Council (CTEC) to offer the Professional Tax Preparer Certification (PTP) as a distance learning course in the state of California. Continuing Professional Education (CPE) credits are awarded for each of Universal’s training programs. UA has also been accredited by the Better Business Bureau.

## Awards and honors

Universal Accounting has ranked for the top 100 fastest growing businesses in Utah since 2004. Universal Accounting also made Inc. 5000’s list of America’s fastest growing private companies for 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2022. In 2009, Allen Bostrom served as keynote speaker at the 2009 Canadian Bookkeepers Association Conference. Universal Accounting has enrolled over 10,000 students in its various training programs.

## Leadership

Roger Knecht is president and CEO of Universal Accounting Center, Roger Knecht was Vice President of Operations, Clay Neves is the Vice President of Enrollment.
# The Life of the Party (play)

Life of the Party is a 1957 Australian play by Ray Mathew.
The play was a finalist in the 1957 London Observer competition. It was given a public reading at the Independent Theatre in Sydney in 1958, and had a short season in London in 1960. Being produced in London was a notable achievement for an Australian play at the time.

## Reception

The 1960 production in London starred Alan Badel and was directed by Frith Banbury. The Daily Telegraph called it "most unpleasant." Variety was also critical.
Leslie Rees said the play "demonstrated both the merits and the shortcomings of a Peter Pan author" and "illustrated the growing sophistication in content of Australian plays in the late fifties and early sixties." He added that the play:
   Almost happened, but didn’t. Here we had acute observation at many a moment, humour, wit, delicacy. But the action was in a world of its own, not real. It was easy to see why the play failed in London. It started by beguiling —because of its deftness, flexibility, and touching off of people’s impulses—but in the end it was so much rigmarole. The author did not know when whimsy should evaporate and the sharp realism of a substantial human situation should take its place. It was a weakness that had trailed Ray Mathew throughout his career.
According to academic Peter Fitzpatrick, the play "is full of deliberate confusions, its people practised in complex deceptions and self-deceptions. This imposes quite a strain on a plot that sometimes seems a rather gratuitous attempt to knock the sprawling material into some sort of shape. But it is a bold experiment conducted well before its time."
The play was published in the 2004 collection Plays of the 50s.

## Premise

A party is being held at a flat in an apartment block in Kings Cross, Sydney, inhabited by a young couple, Jack and Moira. Moira loves Jack but he has a gambling problem. Guests to their party include their friend Alex, a radio writer; Bert, a bookie; Marina, a young woman in love with Alex; Tanya, a woman brought by Bert; Peg, the landlady; Lorna and Sylvie, two friends.
Jack attempts to seduce Sylvie, who is attracted to him.
Upstairs, a boy commits suicide because he is lonely.
# Solanum fallax

Solanum fallax is a species of plant in the family Solanaceae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
# Pavillon Baltard

Pavillon Baltard is a concert hall located in Nogent-sur-Marne, France. The structure, which was built in the 1850s by French architect Victor Baltard, was originally located in the heart of Paris before being moved to its current location in 1974. It was classified a historic monument in 1982. Notable artists to have performed at the venue include ZZ Top, Bob Marley, Iron Maiden, Thin Lizzy and UFO.
The Pavillon is home to the Christie organ originally built for the Gaumont Palace, Paris - Europe's biggest cinema - in 1930. The Organ was classified as a 'historic monument' on March 28, 1977, preventing it from leaving France. In need of restoration, it is being supported by the Association pour la Valorisation et le Rayonnement de l'Orgue de Cinéma (Organization for the Appreciation and the Promotion of the Cinema Organ.)