OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Visceroptosis

Visceroptosis is a prolapse or a sinking of the abdominal viscera (internal organs) below their natural position. "Ptosis" being the defining term, any or all of the organs may be displaced downward. When only the intestines are involved, the condition is known as enteroptosis. When the stomach is found below its normal position, the term gastroptosis is used. The condition exists in all degrees of severity and may not give rise to any adverse symptoms.
Generally, however, there may be loss of appetite, heartburn, nervous indigestion, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal distention, headache, vertigo, emaciation, and loss of sleep. Any or all of these symptoms may be present.
The condition may be brought about by loss of muscular tone, particularly of the abdominal muscles, with relaxation of the ligaments that typically hold the viscera in place. Tightlacing has been held to be a cause as well. Corsets to reduce the circumference of women's waists have been used to enable fashionable styles occurring during several historical periods, such as the late 1800s and early 1900s, when these symptoms were described for treatment by physicians.
Adverse symptoms may be alleviated by supporting the organs with a properly applied bandage, or other similar device. Rest in bed, attention to diet, hygiene, exercise, and general muscular strengthening will cure the majority of cases. In some cases, surgical intervention may become necessary.
Visceroptosis is a known risk factor for the development of Superior mesenteric artery syndrome.
Visceroptosis also is known as Glénard's disease (after French physician Frantz Glénard [1848–1920]).
* Glénard's theory – the theory that abdominal ptosis is a nutritional disease with atrophy and prolapse of the intestine
* Glénard's test (also called girdle test) – while standing behind the patient, the examiner places his arms around the patient, so that his hands meet in front of the patient's abdomen; he squeezes, raising the viscera, and then allows them to fall suddenly; Glénard's theory suggests that if the patient feels relieved by the raising pressure and experiences distress on the release, the condition is probably one of splanchnoptosis
* Stiller's theory – the theory that gastroptosis is due to universal asthenia characterized by weakness and laxity of the viscera
# Resolvent set

In linear algebra and operator theory, the resolvent set of a linear operator is a set of complex numbers for which the operator is in some sense "well-behaved". The resolvent set plays an important role in the resolvent formalism.

## Definitions

Let X be a Banach space and let $L\colon D(L)\rightarrow X$ be a linear operator with domain $D(L)\subseteq X$. Let id denote the identity operator on X. For any $\lambda \in \mathbb {C}$, let
    $L_{\lambda }=L-\lambda \,\mathrm {id} .$
A complex number $\lambda$ is said to be a regular value if the following three statements are true:
* $L_{\lambda }$ is injective, that is, the corestriction of $L_{\lambda }$ to its image has an inverse $R(\lambda ,L)=(L-\lambda \,\mathrm {id} )^{-1}$ called the resolvent;
* $R(\lambda ,L)$ is a bounded linear operator;
* $R(\lambda ,L)$ is defined on a dense subspace of X, that is, $L_{\lambda }$ has dense range.
The resolvent set of L is the set of all regular values of L:
    $\rho (L)=\{\lambda \in \mathbb {C} \mid \lambda {\mbox{ is a regular value of }}L\}.$
The spectrum is the complement of the resolvent set
    $\sigma (L)=\mathbb {C} \setminus \rho (L),$
and subject to a mutually singular spectral decomposition into the point spectrum (when condition 1 fails), the continuous spectrum (when condition 2 fails) and the residual spectrum (when condition 3 fails).
If $L$ is a closed operator, then so is each $L_{\lambda }$, and condition 3 may be replaced by requiring that $L_{\lambda }$ be surjective.

## Properties

* The resolvent set $\rho (L)\subseteq \mathbb {C}$ of a bounded linear operator L is an open set.
* More generally, the resolvent set of a densely defined closed unbounded operator is an open set.
# Veprecula brunonia

Veprecula brunonia is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 3 mm.
(Original description) The minute shell shows an absurdly accurate resemblance to the large species of Turricula. It has inflated whorls, a constricted suture and a relatively long siphonal canal. The holotype has a slender brown protoconch of four long axially ribbed whorls and three and a half subsequent inflated whorls. The shell shows seven axial ribs, and a deep anal sulcus close to the suture.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Hawaii and Réunion
# Södermanland Runic Inscription Fv1948;295

Sö Fv1948;295 is the Rundata catalog number for a Viking Age memorial runestone that is located in Prästgården, which is just west of Jönåker, Södermanland County, Sweden. It commemorates two men who are described as being thegns.

## Description

This runestone was found in two pieces during construction work at a rectory at the Lunda church in 1947. The stone was repaired and raised in the nearby churchyard cemetery. The inscription consists of runic text in the younger futhark carved on a serpent that encircles a Christian cross. The runestone, which is 2.3 meters in height, is classified as being carved in runestone style Fp. This is the classification for inscriptions with text bands that end in serpent or beast heads depicted as seen from above. Runestones are often dated based upon comparative linguistic and stylistic analysis, and the inscription on the stone at Prästgården has been dated to approximately the period of 1020 to 1050 C.E.
A portion of the runic text was damaged but was reconstructed based upon similar language on other runestones. The text states that Halfdan raised the stone in memory of his father Ragnvaldr and his brother Dan. Although it might seem unusual for one family to have two brothers that are named Dan and Halfdan, a similar situation in another family is documented on runestone U 511 in Mälsta. The father Ragnvaldr and the brother Dan are described as being Þegns or thegns. The exact status of thegns in Scandinavia is unclear, although the term was borrowed from England, where it was used for royal or military retainers. Scandinavian thegns appear to have been powerful local landowners but it is unclear whether their status reflected royal sponsorship or power. The last portion of the runic text, sin þrutaʀ þiak(n)a, is located outside of the serpent. The runes sin þrutaʀ are located on each side of the base of the cross, with the final ʀ rune being represented in the shape of the tongue of the serpent. The runes þiak(n)a for þegna or "Þegns" are hidden in the base of the cross as "secret runes." The phrase þróttar þegna or "Þegns of strength" is also used on Sö 367 in Släbro and in its singular form on Sö 90 in Lövhulta, Sö 112 in Kolunda, Sö 151 in Lövsund, Sö 158 in Österberga, and Sö 170 in Nälberga.
The Rundata designation for this Södermanland inscription, Sö Fv1948;295, refers to the year and page number of the issue of Fornvännen in which the runestone was first described.

## Inscription
### Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

    : halftan ÷ rasþi : st(a)- ...si : at : raknualt : faþur : sin : ouk : tan * bruþur sin þrutaʀ þiak(n)a

### Transcription into Old Norse

    Halfdan reisti stei[n þenn]a at Ragnvald, fôður sinn, ok Dan, bróður sinn, þróttar þegna.

### Translation in English

    Halfdan raised this stone in memory of Ragnvaldr, his father, and Dan, his brother, Þegns of strength.
# The Language of Flowers

The language of flowers, or floriography, is cryptological communication through the use or arrangement of flowers.
(The) Language of Flowers may also refer to:
* Hanakotoba, the Japanese language of flowers
* "The Language of Flowers" (Elgar), an 1872 song by Edward Elgar based on a poem by James Gates Percival
* The Language of Flowers (Lorca), a 1935 play by Federico García Lorca
* The Language of Flowers (novel), a 2011 novel by Vanessa Diffenbaugh
* "The Language of Flowers", an episode in the 2003 TV series Rosemary & Thyme
# Scientists Cliffs, Maryland

Scientists' Cliffs is an unincorporated community in Calvert County, Maryland, United States. Other names used for the community include Annes Aggravation, Flippos Folly, Pathologists Quagmire.
The private community was first established in 1935 as a summer colony for scientists by Flippo and Annie Gravatt. The founders of Scientists' Cliffs chose this land because the population of American Chestnut trees showed a particular resistance to the blight. Original cabins in the area were built from felled American Chestnut trees that died from the blight. Although established as a seasonal community, the first year-round resident moved to the community in 1943.
In 1986, when residents of Scientists' Cliffs heard that forests and abandoned farms surrounding their homes were up for sale, possibly to developers, they chipped in and bought the land. A tract of 436 wooded acres near the Chesapeake Bay became the "American Chestnut Land Trust." In the years since its founding, ACLT has expanded its land preservation by partnering with the Nature Conservancy and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. By 2019, over 4,000 acres surrounding Scientists' Cliffs have been preserved.
The community is accessed by Scientists Cliffs Road and divided into five sub-sections, called "Gates," though it is not a "gated" community. Gates are named Gate A, Gate B, Gate C, Gate D, and Gate E, respectively. The streets in each gate all begin with the corresponding letter of the gate, and are botanically named. For example, Gate A features streets named Aster, Aspen, Azalea, etc., Gate B features streets named Birch, Beech and Bluebell, and so forth.
All five gates have direct access to the Chesapeake Bay via a series of paths and wooden boardwalks. Additionally, Gate A features a community center, a residential swimming pool, tennis courts, horseshoe pit, a baseball field, a recycling center, and a private beach referred to as "South Beach".
Another feature of Scientists' Cliffs is that a restrictive covenant requires all houses within the community to have a wooden exterior, giving the homes a distinctively rustic look. Recently, however, environmentally neutral cement-based siding such as "Hardie board" has been allowed.
The tall cliffs along the edge of the bay contain one of the world's richest fossil deposits from the Miocene period. The cliffs are part of the Calvert Formation. Carcharodon megalodon teeth are found in this area.
# Peter Deeg

Peter Deeg (14 May 1908 – 25 June 2005) was a German lawyer, writer and politician. He was a member of the NSDAP and later the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.

## Early politics

Peter Deeg was born in Bad Kissingen. He was a NSDAP party-member since the year 1928. He became famous in connection with the so-called "Mordfall von Waltershausen" (Murder of Waltershausen), with a spectacular court hearing in 1933. This conflict has an antisemitic background. Because of the contact to important lawyers, he came in contact with Julius Streicher, who became his mentor.

## Nazism

Julius Streicher allowed Deeg to publish his books in the NSDAP publishing house Der Stürmer. Between 1938 and 1940, three famous books were published: Hofjuden (Court Jew), Die Judengesetze Großdeutschlands (Jewish laws of Großdeutschland), Vor 50 Jahren. Für und wider den Russen-Pakt (50 years ago – pro or against the pact with Russia). Since 1940, Deeg seemed to be in conflict with the NSDAP. But this part of his life is not very clear.

## After World War II

After World War II, Deeg became a close friend to Franz Josef Strauss. Together with him, he was a part of the Spiegel scandal.

## Works

* Qualifizierte Beihilfe in: „Goltdammer’s Archiv für Strafrecht“ (GoltdA) 1933.
* Inhalt und Ausübung des Strafantragsrechtes. Eine strafrechtliche Studie für Theorie und Praxis (Diss.) Stuttgart 1933.
* Der Judeneid unter Friedrich dem Großen in: „Zeitschrift der Akademie für deutsches Recht“ (ZAkDR) 1937.
* Hofjuden. Juden, Judenverbrechen und Judengesetze in Deutschland von der Vergangenheit bis zur Gegenwart (Hrsg. v. Julius Streicher) Nürnberg 1938. Internet Archive
* Die Judenpolitik Friedrichs des Großen in: „Deutsches Recht“ (DR 1, 2) 1938.
* Die Judengesetze Großdeutschlands (Hrsg. v. Julius Streicher) Nürnberg 1939.
* Vor 50 Jahren. Für und wider den Russen-Pakt Nürnberg 1940.
* Die Glanzvolle Leipzig 1942.
* together with Dietrich Deeg Zur Genealogie und Lebensgeschichte der Äbte Degen von Ebrach und Weiner von Banz Neustadt an der Aisch 1974.
# Tiddington, Oxfordshire

Tiddington is a village in the civil parish of Tiddington-with-Albury, in the South Oxfordshire district, in Oxfordshire, England. It is about 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 km) west of Thame, on the A418 road between Thame and Oxford. The 2011 Census recorded Tiddington-with-Albury's population as 683. Tiddington is on the county boundary with Buckinghamshire. It was a manor and hamlet of the parish of Albury, although for most of its history it has been a larger place than Albury. In 1866 Tiddington became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1932 the parish was merged with Albury to form "Tiddington with Albury". In 1931 the parish had a population of 163.

## School

It was recorded in 1786 that in 1737 Lady Mary Bertie, widow of the 2nd Earl of Abingdon had bequeathed £100 for a school in the parish of Albury. This was invested and used to support a schoolteacher, sometimes in Albury and other times in Tiddington. By 1819 the school taught 12 boys funded by Lady Bertie's charity plus other pupils whose families paid fees. There are no records of girl pupils being admitted until 1846.
In 1870 the school became a National School, and in 1874 its new school building opened with one classroom, which had capacity for 44 pupils. It had about 30 pupils until 1926, when it was reorganised as a junior school and senior pupils were transferred to the school at Great Haseley. In the 1950s it was still open as Tiddington with Albury Church of England Primary School, but it has since closed.

## Transport

Between 1867 and 1963 the village was served by Tiddington railway station on the Wycombe Railway that linked Oxford and Maidenhead. Arriva Shires & Essex bus routes 280 and X8, which link Oxford and Aylesbury, serve the village. The Oxfordshire Way Long-distance footpath passes through the village.

## Amenities

The village has a public house, The Fox. For a few years it was a bar and restaurant called the Moti Mahal, which is Urdu for "Pearl Palace". It has now been converted back to a pub, reopened in November 2014 as The Fox and Goat, and is now a restaurant and hotel as well as a pub.
Tiddington has a village hall. There is a Waterstock and Tiddington Women's Institute. Since 1952 an annual tug of war with the neighbouring Buckinghamshire parish of Ickford has been held each summer across the River Thame, which here forms the boundary between both the two parishes and the two counties.
# Viru-Kabala

Viru-Kabala is a village in Vinni Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. It is located by the Tallinn–Narva (Tallinn–Saint Petersburg) railway, 18 km east of Rakvere and 9 km west of Sonda. The village has a population of 113 (as of 1 January 2019). Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of Estonian local governments, the village was located in Rägavere Parish.
# WSTM

WSTM may refer to:
Current stations:
* WSTM-TV, a television station (channel 19, virtual 3) licensed to Syracuse, New York, United States
* WSTM (FM), a radio station (91.3 FM) licensed to Kiel, Wisconsin, United States
Former stations:
# Pleuroflammula

Pleuroflammula is a genus of fungi in the family Crepidotaceae. The genus contains ten species found in America and Asia.
# Temporal case

In grammar, the temporal case (or Temporalis abbreviated TEMP) is a grammatical case used to indicate a time.
In the Hungarian language its suffix is -kor. For example: hétkor "at seven" or hét órakor "at seven o'clock", éjfélkor "at midnight", karácsonykor "at Christmas". This is one of the few suffixes in Hungarian to which rules of vowel harmony do not apply.
In Finnish its suffix is -lloin / -llöin. For example: milloin - when?; jolloin - when (relative pronoun); tällöin - at this time; silloin - then; tuolloin - at that time.
In Russian the function of temporal case is assumed by Instrumental, e.g. утр-ом (base form is утро) - in the morning, дн-ём (base form is день) - in the daytime/in the afternoon, вечер-ом (base form is вечер) - at night/in the evening, ночь-ю (base form is ночь) - at nighttime/in the night.
# Switzerland at the 1984 Summer Paralympics

Switzerland competed at the 1984 Summer Paralympics in Stoke Mandeville, Great Britain and New York City, United States. 43 competitors from Switzerland won 43 medals including 18 gold, 13 silver and 12 bronze and finished 16th in the medal table.
# The Langtons

The Langtons is an area of Harborough, Leicestershire, England comprising the following villages:
* Church Langton
* East Langton
* Thorpe Langton
* Tur Langton
* West Langton
52°31′37″N 0°55′48″W﻿ / ﻿52.527°N 0.930°W﻿ / 52.527; -0.930
* This Leicestershire location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Scale-throated hermit

The scale-throated hermit (Phaethornis eurynome) is a species in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.

## Taxonomy and systematics

Though the scale-throated hermit is a member of the large genus Phaethornis it seems to have no close relatives. It has two subspecies, the nominate P. e. eurynome and P. e. paraguayensis. A third proposed subspecies, P. e. pinheiroi, has not been accepted by most taxonomists. The supposed "black-billed hermit", described as P. nigrirostris, was proven to be a mutant P. eurynome with an all-black bill.

## Description

The scale-throated hermit is about 14 to 14.5 cm (5.5 to 5.7 in) long. Males weigh 4.5 to 6 g (0.16 to 0.21 oz) and females 4 to 5 g (0.14 to 0.18 oz). This medium-sized hermit is olive green above with grayish underparts. Its dark throat whose feathers have lighter edges give the eponymous scaly appearance. The face has a black "mask" with a pale supercilium and gular stripe. Its tail feathers have white tips and the middle pair are longer than the others. The sexes are similar but the female has shorter wings and a less strongly decurved bill. The two subspecies have identical plumage but P. e. paraguayensis is significantly smaller than the nominate.

## Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies of scale-throated hermit is found in southeastern Brazil from southeastern Bahia south to Rio Grande do Sul. P. e. paraguayensis is found in eastern Paraguay and northeastern Angentina's Misiones Province. It inhabits the understory of a variety of landscapes within the Atlantic Forest biome including lowland and montane rainforest, semi-deciduous forest, and mature secondary forest. In elevation it has been recorded from 100 to 2,250 m (330 to 7,400 ft).

## Behavior
### Movement

The scale-throated hermit is assumed to be sedentary but data are lacking.

### Feeding

The scale-throated hermit is a "trap-line" feeder like other hermit hummingbirds, visiting a circuit of a wide variety of flowering plants for nectar. It also consumes small arthropods.

### Breeding

The scale-throated hermit's breeding season in Brazil spans from September to March but has not been defined in the rest of its range. Its nest is a long cone-shaped cup made of plant fibers and spider web suspended under a long drooping leaf. They are often decorated with the lichen Spiloma roseum that stains the eggs and nesting female red. The clutch of two eggs is incubated by the female alone.
* Songs and calls
* Listen to scale-throated hermit on xeno-canto

### Vocalization

The scale-throated hermit's song is variable, "but typically comprises 2–4 notes, e.g. 'tsi-tseee....tsi-tseee..' or 'tsi-tsu-tseeé...tsi-tsu-tseeé...' etc." Its calls include "a plaintive 'tsew' and a more upslurred 'tsee'."

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the scale-throated hermit as being of Least Concern. Though its population size is unknown and believed to be decreasing, it is common throughout its range and occurs in several protected areas.
# Petar Angelov (handballer)

Petar Angelov (Macedonian: Петар Ангелов) (born 8 March 1977) is a Macedonian handball player who plays for RK Vardar Negotino.

## Honors

* Macedonian Handball Super League
    Winners Gold (8)

### RK Pelister

    2000,2005

### RK Metalurg Skopje

    2010,2011,2012

### RK Vardar

    2015,2016,2017
* Macedonian Handball Cup
    Winners Gold (7)

### RK Pelister

    2005

### RK Metalurg Skopje

    2010,2011,2013

### RK Vardar

    2015,2016,2017
* SEHA League

### RK Metalurg Skopje

    :Finalist Silver : 2012

### RK Metalurg Skopje

    :3rd Bronze : 2013

### RK Vardar

    Winner (2): 2013–14, 2016–17

### European

* EHF Challenge Cup

#### RK Pelister

    2nd:: 2001–02
* EHF Champions League

#### RK Vardar

    Winner (1): 2016–17

### International

* IHF Super Globe

#### RK Vardar

    Third placed: 2017
# Tiddas (commune)

Tiddas is a commune in Khémisset Province of the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune's total population was 11,831 people living in 2,575 households. Tiddas is noted for its moussem every September, and colourful horsemen.
# St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Atchison, Kansas)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church in Atchison, Kansas. The stone church was built in 1866 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
It was described as "an example of the gable front, one-story, one-room native limestone building that stands in almost every county in Kansas."