OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Usman T. Malik

Usman T. Malik is a Pakistani speculative fiction author. His short fiction has been published in magazines and books such as The Apex Book of World SF, Nightmare, Strange Horizons, Black Static, and in a number of "year's best" anthologies. He is the first Pakistani to win the Bram Stoker Award for Short Fiction (2014) and has won the British Fantasy Award (2016). He has been nominated for the World Fantasy Award (2016), nominated again for the Stoker Award (2018), has twice been a finalist for the Nebula Award, and has been nominated for multiple Locus Awards.

## Biography

Malik was born in Pakistan. His story, "The Crimson Storm", was published in Thirteen Stories #10 in 2003. The following year, "The Well That Never Ended" was published in Deep Magic #23. He had two stories published in The Crimson Pact series edited by Paul Genesse: "A Demon in the Mughal Court" in volume four (2012) and "Hearts in Reverse" in volume five (2013). "Pinned and Wriggling on the Wall" was published on the Daily Science Fiction site in June 2013.
That same year, he attended the Clarion West Writers Workshop. In 2014, Malik became the first Pakistani to win the Bram Stoker Award for Short Fiction with his story "The Vaporization Enthalpy of a Peculiar Pakistani Family." That story was also nominated for the Nebula and Locus Awards. In conjunction with Desi Writers Lounge, he led Pakistan's first speculative fiction writing workshop in Lahore in 2014, which featured Musharraf Ali Farooqi as a guest speaker.
His story, "The Pauper Prince and the Eucalyptus Jinn", won the British Fantasy Award for best novella in 2016. The story was also nominated for the Locus, Nebula, and World Fantasy Awards. The next year, "In the Ruins of Mohenjo-Daro" was nominated for a Locus Award. "The Fortune of Sparrows", published in February 2017 in Black Feathers: Dark Avian Tales edited by Ellen Datlow, was nominated for a Locus Award. Malik was nominated for a Stoker Award for "Dead Lovers on Each Blade, Hung", published in Nightmare Magazine in 2018.
His short fiction has been published in magazines and books such as The Apex Book of World SF, Nightmare Magazine, Strange Horizons, Black Static, and Tor.com. His stories have also been reprinted in a number of "year's best" anthologies including The Year's Best Dark Fantasy and Horror, The Years Best YA Speculative Fiction, The Best Science Fiction and Fantasy of the Year, and the Year’s Best Weird Fiction. His first collection, Midnight Doorways: Fables from Pakistan, was published in 2021 by Kitab.

### Personal life

Malik's interests include Sufi poetry and playing the guitar. He currently works in the healthcare industry.
# V. K. Dadhwal

Vinay Kumar Dadhwal (born 9 April 1957) is an Indian scientist and academic who primarily works in the field of remote sensing. He is known for his contribution to the development of remote sensing applications in agriculture, including crop forecasting and irrigation management. He served as the Director of Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram. Dadhwal also served as the Director, National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad and the Dean, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, a unit under Department of Space.

## Education and career

V. K. Dadhwal received a B.Sc. degree in botany from Hansraj College, New Delhi and master's degree from Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi in year 1978. He received his Ph.D. in plant physiology from Indian Agricultural Research Institute in 1983.
After the completion of his Ph.D., Dadhwal joined the Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad in year 1983 where he served as the Head, Crop Inventory and Modeling Division during 1998-2004. From 2004 to 2010 he served as the Dean at Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun. In 2010, Dadwal joined National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad as the Associate Director and went on to become the Director, a position he held till 2016. He served as the Director of Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram between the period 2016-2021.

## Awards and honors

Dadhwal is a science panel member of Terrestrial Carbon Observation (TCO) of Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. He is a recipient of several awards, including Indian National Remote Sensing Award (1999), Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Award (1999), ISRO-Astronautical Society of India Award (2005), and ISRO Merit Award (2006).
# Valdemeca

Valdemeca is a municipality in the province of Cuenca, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain.
The municipality has an area is 70 km$^2$ and its climate is continental. The geographical coordinates of Valdemeca are: latitude, 40° 13′59″N; longitude, 1° 43′59″W and altitude, 1387 meters. As of 2003, the municipality had a population of 101 (56 male, 45 female). The density is only 1.4 people/km². The municipality has lost 13.6% of its population in the last decade (1996-2005).
The mayor of Valdemeca is Mr. Moisés Heras García of the party Izquierda Unida de Castilla-La Mancha. Valdemeca is one of the few municipalities of Spain with "one-man municipal council" (i.e. small municipalities with an elected mayor but no municipal council as such) where Izquierda Unida has succeeded in getting its candidate elected.
In the 2004 Spanish General Election, the Partido Popular got 39 votes (61.9%), the Partido Socialista Obrero Español got 17 (27.0%) and Izquierda Unida de Castilla-La Mancha got 7 (11.1%).
* This article about a location in the Province of Cuenca in Spain is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Valentin Brück

Valentin Brück (April 23, 1911 – July 20, 1980) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and former member of the German Bundestag.

## Life

In 1949 he joined the CDU and became secretary in the district association of Cologne-Ehrenfeld-North. In 1950, he became managing director, later chairman, of the CDU Rhineland Regional Civil Servants Committee and member of the CDU Federal Committee for Public Administration.
Brück was a member of the German Bundestag from 1953 to 1969 and again from 14 August 1970 to 1972.

## Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.
# Valencian Bible

The Valencian Bible was the first printed Bible in the Valencian language: "in our Valencian language" according to the translator. It was first printed between 1477 and 1478. It is the third Bible printed in a modern language (the preceding ones were printed in German in 1466 and Italian in 1471). The first printed Bible was the Latin Bible, Vulgate version, printed at Mainz in 1455.
The first complete Catalan Bible translation was produced by the Catholic Church, between 1287 and 1290. It was entrusted to Jaume de Montjuich by Alfonso II of Aragon. Remains of this version can be found in Paris (Bibliothèque Nationale). (Ref?)
During the Inquisition, all copies were burned, and Daniel Vives, who was considered to be the main author, was imprisoned. However, the translation is now ascribed to Bonifaci Ferrer.
The last surviving paper sheet of this Bible is at the Hispanic Society in New York City.
# Valencia robertae

Valencia robertae is a species of Mediterranean killifish, from the family Valenciidae. It is endemic to Greece where it is found in the Lower Pinios and lower Mornos Rivers in Greece. The species was described in 2004 with the type locality given as River Pinios south of Kavasila. The specific name honours the Italian ichthyologist Roberta Barbieri of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research in Athens.
# Uşşak pitch class set

In Turkish classical music, the Uşşak pitch class set is a set of scales that are named after the Uşşak or Hüseynî makams. For Uşşak, there is the Uşşak tetrachord and the Hüseynî pentachord. While in Arabic maqam music, maqam Bayati is taken as a basic tetrachord, in Turkish makam music, Uşşak is taken as a basic tetrachord instead.

## Uşşak tetrachord and Hüseynî pentachord in 53-TET

The intervals of the Uşşak tetrachord and Hüseynî pentachord within 53 Tone Equal Temperament are given in the table:
Uşşak pitch class set :
| Pentachord | Tetrachord | Note order | Step to next note (Number of steps) | Note name starting from Dügâh |
| Hüseynî pentachord | Uşşak tetrachord | 1 | K (8) | Dügâh |
| Hüseynî pentachord | Uşşak tetrachord | 2 | S (5) | Segâh |
| Hüseynî pentachord | Uşşak tetrachord | 3 | T (9) | Çârgâh |
| Hüseynî pentachord | Uşşak tetrachord | 4 | T (9) | Neva |
| Hüseynî pentachord | - | 5 | - | Hüseynî |

## Makams that use the Uşşak tetrachord or Hüseynî pentachord

| Name of Makam | Lower Çeşni | Higher Çeşni | Notes |
| Uşşak | Uşşak tetrachord | Buselik pentachord | This is the makam that the Uşşak tetrachord is named after. |
| Uzzal | Hicaz pentachord | Uşşak tetrachord | |
| Hüseynî | Hüseyni pentachord | Kürdi tetrachord | This is the makam that the Hüseynî pentachord is named after. |
# Uši

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Province | |
Uši is the sixth studio album by Czech progressive rock band Už jsme doma. It was released in 1999 via Skoda Records.
The record was an American breakthrough for the band and also marked the first time that they had worked with an American producer. A 2000 tour in support of the album coincided with the band's fifteenth anniversary.

## Production

Uši was produced by Dan Rathburn, of the band Idiot Flesh.

## Critical reception

Francois Couture, in an AllMusic review, wrote that producer "Dan Rathbun captured the band members' live energy while allowing them an ample sound for their more symphonic inclinations." CMJ New Music Monthly stated that "a studied roughness continues to creep into the kinetic art-rock/jazz/ethnic/punk/chamber pop fusion theorized by key personnel Miroslav Wanek and Jindra Dolansky."
The San Diego Union-Tribune wrote that the album "features noodling guitars ("Oko"), thick bass riffs ("Bosi") and epic jams (Usi") —all of which the band delivers with its own distinct style." The Province opined that "the band rocks like almost no other artist since Frank Zappa or Soft Machine."

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Miroslav Wanek
# Ušivac

Ušivac (Serbian Cyrillic: Ушивац) is a village in the municipality of Kozarska Dubica, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# VIS Idoli (album)

VIS Idoli is a collection of four albums by Yugoslav new wave band Idoli. The albums included in the set are:
* 1981 VIS Idoli (with the "Maljčiki" / "Retko te viđam sa devojkama" single as bonus tracks)
* 1982 Odbrana i poslednji dani
* 1983 Čokolada
* 1985 Šest dana juna
They are all released with the same track listing and design as the original albums except for the VIS Idoli EP which features the band's second single as bonus tracks.
# Valle del Belice sheep

The Valle del Belice is an Italian breed of domestic sheep from the Valle del Belice, the valley of the Belice river in south-western Sicily, from which it takes its name. It is raised mainly in its area of origin in the provinces of Agrigento, Palermo and Trapani, but is also found elsewhere in Sicily and in southern Italy. It appears to result from the three-way hybridisation of the Sicilian Pinzirita and Comisana breeds with Sarda stock brought from Sardinia. It has the resistance to harsh winter conditions of the Pinzirita and the Sarda, the resistance to high summer temperatures of the Comisana, and the good milk yield of the Comisana and the Sarda. Occasionally a pecora scimmia ("monkey sheep") is born, with partial or total alopecia of the head and limbs; this is caused by a recessive gene.
The Valle del Belice is one of the seventeen autochthonous Italian sheep breeds for which a genealogical herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep-breeders. Total numbers for the breed were estimated at 60000 in 1994; in 2013 the number recorded in the herdbook was 116938.
Milk yield is given by one source as an average 147 litres for primiparous, and 209–214 litres for pluriparous, ewes; another gives 270 litres per lactation of 200 days, excluding the first 30 days.
# Vadim Salmanov

Vadim Nikolayevich Salmanov (4 November 1912, in Saint Petersburg – 27 February 1978, in Leningrad) was a Soviet composer and pedagogue.
Salmanov learned to play the piano as a child from his father who was a professional metallurgical engineer. Exposed to composers from the Baroque, Classical, and Romantic periods, Salmanov quickly grew fond of music and was quickly enrolled in music theory courses at the age of six. However, following the passing Salmanov's father, he went to work at a factory and soon became interested in the topic of hydrogeology.
At 18, he was about to attend the Leningrad Conservatory when he decided to study hydrogeology instead, eventually working as a geologist until 1935 when he finally decided to attend the Conservatory where he studied composition with Mikhail Gnesin following his attendance at a piano concert by Soviet pianist Emil Gilels. After graduating, he worked as a composer until the onset of World War II, when he enlisted in the Soviet Army and served from 1941 to 1945. After the war, he returned to his pedagogical work, teaching at the Leningrad Conservatory from 1946 to 1951, as well as creative work and began to set poems by Blok and Yesenin relating to the war. Later on in his life, Salmanov set poems by Federico García Lorca and Pablo Neruda as well as by Soviet poets.
Salmanov's Symphony No. 1 in D minor was written in 1952 and dedicated to the conductor Yevgeny Mravinsky, who would go on to record all of four of Salmanov's symphonies. The work uses Slavic folk melodies and a motto theme heard at the beginning of the first movement recurs in the Finale. His Symphony No. 4 was likewise dedicated to Mravinsky.
He also taught at the Leningrad Conservatory, his alma mater.

## Awards

* Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1962)
* People's Artist of the RSFSR (1972)

## Compositions

Aside from symphonies, Salmanov's compositions also include six string quartets (1945–71) and two violin concertos (1964, 1974), among other forms.

### Symphonic works

* Forest, symphonic poem (1948)
* Symphony no. 1 (1952, dedicated to Yevgeny Mravinsky)
* Symphony no. 2 (1959)
* Children's Symphony (1962)
* Symphony no. 3 (1963)
* Symphony no. 4 (1976, dedicated to Yevgeny Mravinsky)

### Ballet

* Man (1968)

### Oratorio

* The Twelve (1958)

### Orchestral Works

* Russian Capriccio (1950)
* "Slavic round dance" (1954)
* Poetic Pictures, symphonic suite after Andersen (1955)
* "Welcome Ode" (1961)
* Violin Concerto No. 1 (1964)
* Big City Nights for violin and chamber orchestra (1969)
* "Cheering" (1972)
* Violin Concerto No. 2 (1974)

### Chamber instrumental compositions

* Six string quartets (1945, 1958, 1961, 1963, 1968, 1971)
* Two Sonatas for Violin and Piano (1945, 1962)
* Two trios (1946, 1949)
* Piano Quartet (1947)
* Sonata for cello and piano (1963)
* Monologue for cello and piano (1970, orchestrated 1972)
# Vallecillo, Honduras

Vallecillo is a municipality in the Honduran department of Francisco Morazán.
14°31′0″N 87°24′0″W﻿ / ﻿14.51667°N 87.40000°W﻿ / 14.51667; -87.40000
* This Honduras location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
Populated Place, Long -87.65, Lat 14.7
# Vallières

Vallières may refer to:

## People

* Vincent Vallières (born 1978), Canadian singer
* Yvon Vallières (born 1949), Canadian politician
* Pierre Vallières (1938–1998), Canadian journalist and writer

## Places

* Vallières, Aube, a commune in the Aube department, France
* Vallières, Haute-Savoie, a former commune in the Haute-Savoie department, France
* Vallières (commune), a commune in the Nord-Est department, Haiti
* Vallières-sur-Fier, a commune in the Haute-Savoie department, France
* Vallières Arrondissement, an arrondissement in the Nord-Est department, Haiti
# Vanniasingham Vigneswaran

Vanniasingham Vigneswaran (died in 2006) was a Sri Lankan Tamil politician and president of the Trincomalee District Tamil Peoples' Forum. He was selected as the National List Member of Parliament to replace Joseph Pararajasingham by the Tamil National Alliance who had been assassinated to the Sri Lankan Parliament.

## Death

Vigneswaran was shot dead at 9.30 am outside the Bank of Ceylon in Inner Harbor Road between the office of the Senior Superintendent of Police and Trincomalee Harbor Police in Trincomalee in a High Security Zone on 7 April 2006. Vigneswaran had led a campaign against the installation of a Buddha statue close to the Trincomalee central bus stand by the Sri Lankan Army in May 2005. In June 2005 grenades were thrown at his house. On 8 April 2006 the LTTE conferred the title Maamanithar (great human being) on Vigneswaran.
# Vannier

Vannier is the French word for a basket-maker.

## People

* Jean-Claude Vannier (b. 1943), a French musician, composer and arranger
* Michael W. Vannier (b. 1949), an American radiologist in Chicago
* Paul Vannier (b. 1985), French politician
* Philippe Vannier (1762–1842), a French Navy officer and an adventurer
# Vardia Insurance Group

Vardia Insurance Group is a Norwegian insurance company, headquartered in Oslo, Norway. The company has operations in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The company was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in 2014.

## Companies

* Vardia Forsikring AS (Norway): Sortland (Headquarters), Hamar, Oslo, Molde, Porsgrunn
* Vardia Försäkring AB (Sweden): Stockholm (Headquarters), Luleå, Skellefteå, Sundsvall
* Vardia Forsikringsagentur A/S (Denmark): Copenhagen
* Vardia Agencies AS (Norway): Oslo
* Saga Forsikring AS (Norway): Lysaker
* Rein Forsikring AS (Norway): Oslo
# Pushing the World Away

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic.com | |
| The New York Times | (favorable) |
| DownBeat | |
| Jazzwise | |
| Financial Times | |
| WBGO | (favorable) |
| PopMatters | |
Pushing the World Away is the Grammy-nominated, critically acclaimed fourteenth studio album by Kenny Garrett, released on September 17, 2013 on Mack Avenue Records. Following its release, the album peaked at number 6 on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums chart, which is the highest Billboard chart position for Garrett since African Exchange Student (1990) and Black Hope (1992). Featured musicians include keyboardists Vernell Brown and Benito Gonzalez, percussionist Rudy Bird, bassist Corcoran Holt and drummers Marcus Baylor and McClenty Hunter.

## Personnel

Musicians
* Kenny Garrett – alto saxophone (tracks 1-7, 9, 11, 12), soprano saxophone (track 8), chant (track 8), piano (track 10), arranger
* Donald Brown – arranger (track 9)
* Benito Gonzalez – piano (tracks 1-3, 5-7, 9, 12)
* Corcoran Holt - bass
* Marcus Baylor - drums (tracks 1-3, 5, 6, 9, 12)
* Rudy Bird - percussion (tracks 3, 5-7, 9), cymbals and gong (track 8)
* Ravi Best - trumpet (track 3)
* Vernell Brown - piano (tracks 4, 8, 11, 12), chant (track 8)
* McClenty Hunter - drums (tracks 4, 7, 10, 12), vocals (track 6)
* Mark Whitfield, Jr. - drums (tracks 8, 11, 12)
* Jean Baylor - vocals (track 9)
* Carolin Pook - violin (track 10)
* Brian Sanders - cello (track 10)
* Jen Herman - viola (track 10)
* Misha Tarasov - string arrangement (track 10)
Production
* Kenny Garrett – producer
* Donald Brown – producer
* Gretchen C. Valade – executive producer
* Al Pryor – Executive VP of A&R
* Joe Ferla – recording, mixing engineer
* Bob Mallory – assistant engineer
* Fred Sladkey – assistant engineer
* Greg Calbi – mastering engineer
* Will Wakefield – production manager
* Randall Kennedy – creative director
* Maria Ehrenreich – creative services, production
* Michael Snyder – art direction, design
* Keith Major - photography

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Result | Award | Category | Work |
| 2014 | Nominated | Grammy Award | Best Jazz Instrumental Album | Pushing the World Away |
| 2014 | Nominated | Soul Train Awards | Best Traditional Jazz Performance | Pushing the World Away |

## Chart positions

| Chart | Peak position |
| Billboard Top Jazz Albums (2013) | 6 |
# Trader's currency token of the Colony of Connecticut

A trader's currency token was issued by Samuel Higley of Simsbury, Connecticut in 1737. Higley owned the mine which produced the copper, which was near Granby, Connecticut. He smelted the copper ore, designed and engraved the dies, and struck the tokens himself. They wore out extremely easily, due to the purity of the copper.

## Obverse details

There are three different versions. On all, there is a deer, and some wording.
Earliest versions were inscribed with 'THE VALUE OF THREE PENSE'.
The second version was inscribed 'VALUE ME AS YOU PLEASE', because so many coins were put into circulation that the "three pence" local value was deflated, and area merchants complained. So, Dr. Higley re-valued the coin, and left it up to the local economy to set its own value.
The third version was inscribed 'THE WHEELE GOES ROUND'.

## Reverse details

The reverse of the coin has three hammers, topped with crowns.
The first coins minted had the word 'Connecticut' on them. Later versions were inscribed 'I AM GOOD COPPER'. Even later strikes were worded 'J CUT MY WAY THROUGH'.
# Tour Noir

The Tour Noir is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif on the Swiss-French border. It is located between the Aiguille d'Argentière and Mont Dolent.
# Winsili

Winsili (foaled 1 February 2010) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse who won the 2013 running of the Group One Nassau Stakes.
# Viveka Erlandsson

Viveka Erlandsson is a Swedish mathematician specialising in low-dimensional topology and geometry, and known in particular for extending the work of Maryam Mirzakhani on counting geodesics on hyperbolic manifolds. She is a lecturer at the University of Bristol and in a part position an associate professor at UiT The Arctic University of Norway.

## Education and career

Erlandsson earned a bachelor's degree in applied mathematics from San Francisco State University in 2004, and continued at the same university for a master's degree in 2006. She became a lecturer at Baruch College and Hunter College in the City University of New York system, while pursuing a doctorate in mathematics through the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, which she completed in 2013. Her dissertation, The Margulis region in hyperbolic 4-space, was supervised by Ara Basmajian.
After postdoctoral research at Aalto University and the University of Helsinki in Finland, she became a lecturer in mathematics at the University of Bristol in 2017.

## Book

Erlandsson is the coauthor of the book Geodesic Currents and Mirzakhani’s Curve Counting, with Juan Souto, to be published by Springer in 2022.

## Recognition

Erlandsson is the 2021 winner of the Anne Bennett Prize of the London Mathematical Society, given to her "for her outstanding achievements in geometry and topology and her inspirational active role in promoting women mathematicians". She was a 2024 recipient of the Whitehead Prize, "for her outstanding work on curve counting on surfaces" and for her "extraordinary rigidity theorem for bounce sequences associated to billiard tables".
# William van der Weyde

William M. van der Weyde (1871 – 10 July 1929), sometime spelled William M. Vander Weyde, was an American photojournalist based in New York City. "His crisp portraits captured the day's leading writers, poets, and athletes for publications such as Success, Literary Digest, and McClure's magazines."
Van der Weyde started his career during the Spanish–American War. William van der Weyde was married to Katherine MacNamee who was also a photographer.
# Spinosodus spinicollis

Spinosodus spinicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning and de Jong in 1941. It is known from Java and Borneo.