OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Prelude to Space

Prelude to Space is a science fiction novel written by British author Arthur C. Clarke in 1947. It appeared for the first time in 1951 as a paperback from World Editions Inc, as number three in its series of Galaxy novels. Sidgwick & Jackson published it in the UK in 1953, followed the next year by a United States hardcover edition from Gnome Press and a paperback from Ballantine Books.

## Plot summary

Prelude to Space recounts the fictional events leading up the launch of Prometheus, the world's first spacecraft capable of reaching the Moon. Prometheus consists of two components, named Alpha and Beta. Alpha is designed for travel from Earth orbit to the Moon and back. It is not capable of independent atmospheric flight. Beta is a nuclear-powered flying wing which carries Alpha into orbit. Beta uses a nuclear reactor to superheat either air (when flying in the lower, denser, part of the atmosphere) or its own internal supply of methane (in the higher reaches of the atmosphere and in space) to achieve thrust. Beta functions as a ramjet in the lower atmosphere and must be launched using an electric launch track. The return journey to the Moon proceeds as follows: Beta carries Alpha into orbit; Alpha separates from Beta and refuels from tanks previously carried into orbit by Beta; Alpha flies to and lands on the Moon while Beta remains in Earth orbit; Alpha returns to Earth orbit and the crew returns to Earth aboard Beta; Alpha remains in orbit to await the next flight.
Prelude was written before the Apollo program landed men on the Moon and follows the ideal that space travel is realistic and within the grasp of the population. Clarke wrote a new preface in 1976 in which he admits that he had some propagandist goals in writing Prelude to Space — he was an influential member of the astronautics community when the idea of rockets leaving Earth's atmosphere was scoffed at by many scientists.
The novel ends with the launching of Prometheus; the entire plot consists of scientists, engineers and administrators showing Dr. Dirk Alexson how the mission was planned and how the technology will work. Dr. Alexson is the historian assigned to prepare the official history of the Moon mission.
Prelude to Space has also been published under the titles Master of Space and The Space Dreamers.

## Reception

Groff Conklin characterized Prelude as a "genuinely effective 'documentary of tomorrow'". Boucher and McComas praised the novel, saying that Clarke handled scientific detail "with so sensitive a poetic understanding that this simple factual narrative is more absorbing than the most elaborately plotted galactic epic." P. Schuyler Miller reviewed it favorably, citing its "documentary quality" and "many of the poetic bits" that mark Clarke's work.
# USN (disambiguation)

The USN or United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.
USN may also refer to:
* University School of Nashville
* University of Southeast Norway
* IATA Code for Ulsan Airport in Ulsan, South Korea
* Ubiquitous Sensor Network
* USN (Update Sequence Number) Journal, a part of the NTFS file system
* United States dollar (next day), currency code
* United States Note, paper money issued by the US Treasury between 1862 and 1971
* Universal Space Network, a company providing space communication services
* Usn, the symbol for the chemical element Unseptnilium
* Udham Singh Nagar district, a district in the state of Uttarakhand, India
* Uttarakhand Solidarity Network, a non profit organisation of Uttarakhandi Indian diaspora based in Boston, Massachusetts
# Pre-main-sequence star

A pre-main-sequence star (also known as a PMS star and PMS object) is a star in the stage when it has not yet reached the main sequence. Earlier in its life, the object is a protostar that grows by acquiring mass from its surrounding envelope of interstellar dust and gas. After the protostar blows away this envelope, it is optically visible, and appears on the stellar birthline in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. At this point, the star has acquired nearly all of its mass but has not yet started hydrogen burning (i.e. nuclear fusion of hydrogen). The star continues to contract, its internal temperature rising until it begins hydrogen burning on the zero age main sequence. This period of contraction is the pre-main sequence stage. An observed PMS object can either be a T Tauri star, if it has fewer than 2 solar masses (M$_☉$), or else a Herbig Ae/Be star, if it has 2 to 8 M$_☉$. Yet more massive stars have no pre-main-sequence stage because they contract too quickly as protostars. By the time they become visible, the hydrogen in their centers is already fusing and they are main-sequence objects.
The energy source of PMS objects is gravitational contraction, as opposed to hydrogen burning in main-sequence stars. In the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, pre-main-sequence stars with more than 0.5 M$_☉$ first move vertically downward along Hayashi tracks, then leftward and horizontally along Henyey tracks, until they finally halt at the main sequence. Pre-main-sequence stars with less than 0.5 M$_☉$ contract vertically along the Hayashi track for their entire evolution.
PMS stars can be differentiated empirically from main-sequence stars by using stellar spectra to measure their surface gravity. A PMS object has a larger radius than a main-sequence star with the same stellar mass and thus has a lower surface gravity. Although they are optically visible, PMS objects are rare relative to those on the main sequence, because their contraction lasts for only 1 percent of the time required for hydrogen fusion. During the early portion of the PMS stage, most stars have circumstellar disks, which are the sites of planet formation.
# USS Chatham (1836)

USS Chatham was a Confederate side-wheel steamer captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a harbor ship, used to transport military personnel, dispatches, and supplies to and from ships anchored in the harbor.

## Confederate service

Chatham — an iron side-wheel steamer — was built in 1836 by John Laird, Birkenhead, England for export to Savannah, Georgia, knocked-down. Assembled in Savannah, she was used as a river steamer until the Civil War when she became a blockade runner. She was captured by USS Huron while attempting to run the blockade on 16 December 1863.

## Union service

Chatham was turned over to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron and commissioned on 22 June 1864, Master E. L. Smith in command.
Assigned as harbor ship at Port Royal, South Carolina, Chatham transported men and supplies in the harbor throughout the remainder of the war, providing support to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron as it carried out its mission of cutting the Confederacy off from overseas sources of supply.
Chatham was decommissioned in April 1865 and sold on 2 September.
# USS Chase County

USS Chase County (LST-532) was an LST-491-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named after counties in Kansas and Nebraska, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.
LST-532 was laid down on 24 September 1943 at Evansville, Indiana, by the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Company; launched on 28 November 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Fred M. Wyatt; and commissioned on 20 January 1944.

## Service history

During World War II, LST-532 was assigned to the European Theater and participated in the Invasion of Normandy in June 1944. She loaded troops and equipment including vehicles at Trebah Beach (called Polgwidden in US sources), Helford River, near Falmouth, Cornwall, on 1 June 1944. This location was the most westerly embarkation site for this operation and the distance that they had to travel to rendezvous with the rest of the Operation Neptune fleet meant that these personnel then spent the next 5 days aboard this flat bottomed vessel in the terrible weather conditions that delayed the Overlord landings until 6 June.
Footage taken by a US Army Film Unit on 1 June 1944 shows her together with LSTs 533 and 27 loading at Trebah.
Following the War, she operated with the Service Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. The ship was decommissioned on 8 June 1955 and renamed USS Chase County (LST-532) on 1 July 1955.
On 15 April 1967 she was transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) and served as USNS Chase County (T-LST-532) until struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 10 June 1973. Transferred to the Republic of Singapore in 1973, she was later sold into commercial service as MS Constructors. Her final fate is unknown.
LST-532 earned one battle star for World War II service.
# Preston Larrison

Preston Wade Larrison (born November 19, 1980) is an American retired professional baseball player. As a pitcher, Larrison played college baseball for the University of Evansville and in minor league baseball from 2002 through 2009.

## Career

Larrison attended West Aurora High School in Aurora, Illinois. Playing for the school's baseball team, he was considered one of the best high school baseball players in the Chicago area by the Chicago Tribune. Though the Tampa Bay Devil Rays selected Larrison in the 20th round of the 1998 Major League Baseball (MLB) Draft, Larrison opted not to sign with the Devil Rays. He then enrolled at the University of Evansville, where he played college baseball for the Evansville Purple Aces. He was named a Freshman All-American by Baseball America and Collegiate Baseball in 1999. In 2000, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League.
The Detroit Tigers selected Larrison in the second round of the 2001 MLB Draft. In 2002, Larrison pitched to a 10-5 win–loss record, a 2.39 earned run average, and a .199 batting average against for the Lakeland Tigers of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League. He was considered for a spot in the Tigers' starting rotation in 2003, but was assigned to the Erie SeaWolves of the Class AA Eastern League. He competed in the 2003 All-Star Futures Game, recording the win.
Larrison suffered an arm injury, requiring Tommy John surgery in 2004. Larrison continued to suffer injuries, spending time on the disabled list in every season. The Tigers invited Larrison to spring training in 2007 and 2008, though he failed to make the Tigers' roster on either occasion. Released by the Tigers during the 2008 season, Larrison signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians in July, and played for the Buffalo Bisons of the International League for the remainder of the season. Larrison signed with the Washington Nationals organization for the 2009 season, and pitched for the Syracuse Chiefs, also of the International League.
Following his retirement after the 2009 season, Larrison opened a youth baseball academy.
# USS Edgecombe

USS Edgecombe is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy:
* USS Edgecombe (ID-3894), a World War I cargo ship used by the Navy.
* USS Edgecombe (APA-164), an attack transport commissioned 30 October 1944.
# Pretty Brown (duo)

Pretty Brown (Hangul: 프리티브라운) is a South Korean duo under Rooftop Company. They debuted on March 20, 2015 with the single "Break Up With Break Up". They released their first album, Episode 1, on March 19, 2017.

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales |
| Title | Album details | KOR | Sales |
| Episode 1 | Released: March 19, 2017 Label: Rooftop Company, Brand New Music, LOEN Entertainment Formats: CD, digital download | 62 | — |

### Charted singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Sales (DL) | Album |
| Title | Year | KOR | Sales (DL) | Album |
| "Break Up With Break Up" (이별과 이별하다) feat. Kanto | 2015 | — | KOR: 15,511 | Episode 1 |

### Soundtrack appearances

| Year | Title | Album |
| 2017 | "Vacancy" (빈자리) | I'm Sorry, But I Love You OST |
# Prilike

Prilike is a village located in the municipality of Ivanjica, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 1,311 inhabitants.

## Gallery

* Buildings in Prilike during winter, February 2009
* Panoramic view of Prilike
* Former "Habitpharm" building
* Ground station Ivanjica
* Ground station Ivanjica
# Prilipje

Prilipje is a settlement in the Jastrebarsko administrative area of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 225 people.
# Preciosilla

Manuela Tejedor Clemente (stage name, Preciosilla; 7 June 1893 in Calatayud – 12 November 1952 in Madrid) was a Spanish cupletista.
# Predojević

Predojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Предојевић) is a Serbo-Croatian surname, a patronymic derived from the Old Serbian name Predoje. It is traditionally found in Herzegovina, borne by ethnic Serbs. The surname is found in Serbs in Ervenik, Croatia. It may refer to:
* Borki Predojević (b. 1987), Bosnian chess Grandmaster
* Draženko Predojević, Bosnian Serb acquitted war crime indictee (Army of Republika Srpska)
* Telli Hasan Pasha (Hasan-paša Predojević, d. 1593), Ottoman Bosnian military commander
* Gabrijel Predojević, Bishop of Marča 1642–1644
* Maksim Predojević, Bishop of Marča 1630–1642
* Matthias Predojević (born 1976), German-Croatian footballer
* Nemanja Predojević, Serbian TV actor (Potpisani)
* Vasilije Predojević, Bishop of Marča 1644–1648
* Vladimir Predojević, Serbian icon painter (St. Michael's Cathedral)
* Srđan Predojević, Serbian TV-host (RTV Pink)
# Primer (video)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Primer is an early home video documenting the funk metal band Living Colour and the making of its platinum selling album Vivid. The video includes a collection of songs from Vivid and observations on the songs from band members. The live track "Broken Hearts" was filmed by MTV during a 1988 concert at Auburn University in Alabama. Released in 1989 on VHS tape and laserdisc, the video never made it to DVD and has long been out of print. The video for "Glamour Boys" was not included on the laserdisc version.

## Track listing

* "Middle Man"
* "Cult of Personality"
* "Funny Vibe"
* "Broken Hearts" (Live)
* "Open Letter (To a Landlord)"
* "Glamour Boys"

## Certifications

| Country | Certification | Date | Sales certified |
| U.S. | Gold | July 11, 1989 | 50,000 |

## Personnel

* Corey Glover - vocals
* Vernon Reid - guitar
* Muzz Skillings - bass
* Will Calhoun - drums
# USS Wissahickon (SP-852)

The second USS Wissahickon (SP-852), which also served as USS SP-852, was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918.

## Construction and early civilian career

Wissahickon was laid down in 1899 by George Lawley & Son at Neponset, Massachusetts, as the private single-screw steam yacht Valda, with a composite hull made of an iron frame with wood planking. Valda was completed in 1900 and renamed Wissahickon in late 1901 or early 1902. She was the property of Mrs. Charles W. Henry of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, when the United States entered World War I on 6 April 1917 and may have served in the Maine Naval Militia prior to her acquisition by the U.S. Navy.

## Acquisition and commissioning

In 1917, the U.S. Navy acquired Wissahickon from Mrs. Henry for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I. Records concerning Wissahickon's acquisition and commissioning are vague, somewhat contradictory, and incomplete. It appears that U.S. Navy personnel reported aboard Wissahickon as early as April 1917, although one record source states that the Navy did not acquire her from Mrs. Henry until 13 July 1917. No primary source states her commissioning date; her ship's log starts on 20 August 1917 - but one secondary source states that she was not commissioned until 3 October 1917.
At any rate, Wissahickon was commissioned sometime between April and early October 1917. Sources differ as to whether she was commissioned without her name as USS SP-852 or as USS Wissahickon (SP-852), with her name being changed in 1918 to USS SP-852.

## U.S. Navy service

The Navy considered Wissahickon/SP-852 too light for "distant service" in European waters, so she was placed in the Naval Coast Defense Reserve and assigned to the 1st Naval District in northern New England. Initially based at Rockland, Maine, she began patrols in the vicinity of that port. She spent most of the winter of 1917-1918 moored to a pier there; in January 1918, all of her officers and enlisted men became ill with common colds and sore throats, and the ship was quarantined until the diseases ran their course. When her crew had returned to good health, she returned to patrol duty off Rockland.
In mid-summer 1918, she was reassigned to duty at Boston, Massachusetts, where she arrived on 20 August 1918. She operated from the section base at East Boston, Massachusetts, for the rest of World War I and into January 1919. Apparently sometime between September and November 1918, and definitely by 1 January 1919, her name was changed from USS SP-852 to USS Wissahickon (SP-852).

## Disposal

Late in January 1919, Wissahickon moved to Camden, Maine. She was stricken from the Navy List on 10 February 1919 and was decommissioned at Camden on 12 February 1919. On 15 February 1919, she was ordered returned to Mrs. Henry.
# Teliphasa albifusa

Teliphasa albifusa is a species of moth of the family Pyralidae. It is found in China (Fujian, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan, Japan, Korea and India (Sikkim, Nagas).
The wingspan is 34–38 mm.
# Valentine Blake (disambiguation)

Valentine Blake (1560–1635) was an Irish merchant and Mayor of Galway.
Valentine Blake may also refer to:
* Sir Valentine Blake, 3rd Baronet (died 1652)
* Sir Valentine Blake, 5th Baronet (died c. 1672), of the Blake baronets
* Sir Valentine Blake, 12th Baronet, MP for Galway Borough (UK Parliament constituency), of the Blake baronets
* Sir Valentine Blake, 14th Baronet (1836–1912), of the Blake baronets
# Tile art

Tile art is a small arrangement of tiles, or in some cases a single tile, with a painted pattern or image on top. Tile art includes other forms of tile-based art, such as mosaics, micromosaics, and stained glass.
Unlike mosaics, tile art can include larger pieces of tiles that are pre-decorated. While mosaics use pieces of tesserae or another material to construct a pattern from small components, other methods, such as engraving, carving, and molding may be used in tile art. While mosaics are considered a type of tile art, there are many other forms that are also considered tile art.

## Types of tile art

Many types of art can be considered tile art. Different types of tile art have different features and can be created in different mediums, such as ceramic, porcelain, glass tiles, and other tiled mediums.
Listed below are some of the different types of artwork considered tile art:
* Mosaics
* Ceramic tiles
* Stained glass
* Porcelain tiles
* Photo tiles
* Tile murals
* Engraving on a tile

## Modern tile art
### Design

Many modern tile art designs are based on abstract and pattern-based designs. These are non-representational, unlike than older tile art formats, such as mosaics, which were often portraits or other representational forms of artwork. The design on a piece of tile art may be used as decoration, but may also represent an idea, philosophy or pose a historical, religious or social significance.
An example of such non-representational art is a set of tiles integrated into an interior or exterior design. The design of the tile art is often based on the theme of the surrounding design. As tiles are built into the surrounding, they can be installed seamlessly integrated into the surrounding area.

### Usage

Modern tile art serves many purposes. The general definition of tile art includes many mediums and many different designs achieved by various techniques and media. For example, tile art may be used to decorate one's home, but must also be practical as a wall or flooring element, as the tiles in an interior design could be replaced by tile art.
Tile art can also be used in the garden to complement the colors in the plants and foliage.
Using modern printing technology, images can be digitally printed onto a set of tiles or a tile. This can be used in lieu of hanging paintings or using wallpaper.

## Creation technique

The many different types of tile artwork mean that there are many different methods of creating a piece of tile artwork.
* Engraving
* Carving
* Painting
* Molding
* Printing
* Trimming
* Tile staining
# Skokuće

Skokuće is a village in the municipality of Prijepolje, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 105 people.
# Waseca County Historical Society Museum

The Waseca County Historical Society Museum, also known as the Waseca County History Center, is a local history museum located in Waseca, Minnesota, and operated by the Waseca County Historical Society. Founded in 1938, the museum is dedicated to preserving and interpreting the rich history of Waseca County, established in 1857.

## History

The inception of the Waseca County Historical Society dates back to 1938 when early artifact donations were showcased in a space within the basement of the Waseca County courthouse. As the demand for more space grew in the mid-fifties, the society had to relocate the cabin to the Waseca County fairgrounds, where it was housed in a cement block building known as Hodgson Hall. In 1962, local citizen Edgar Johnson and his family purchased the former Methodist Church building, which was later renovated and donated by the Johnson family to become the official Waseca County Museum in 1964.

## Exhibits

The museum features a variety of exhibits on the main floor and balcony. The permanent exhibit, "The Timeline of Unique Stories from Waseca County," showcases over 150 years of county history through panels and display cases. Visitors can explore the stories of the people who settled the area, the events that shaped the county, and the unique character of Waseca County.

## Research facilities and collections

In addition to the museum exhibits, the Waseca County Historical Society also maintains the Bailey-Lewer Research Library. This library provides resources for those interested in researching their family history or learning more about Waseca County's past. The library collection includes photographs, an atlas, and even the original 1857 Waseca County Minutes. The Society maintains an archive that includes over 37,000 artifact records, 17,000 photographs, and 350,000 archived records. This collection encompasses historical documents, family histories, oral histories, and birth, death, and marriage records.

## P. C. Bailey House

The Waseca County Historical Society also manages the P. C. Bailey House, a historic home built in 1868 by Dayton Smith. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Bailey House offers a glimpse into the lives of early Waseca County residents.
# Priobium sericeum

Priobium sericeum, the silky anobiid, is a species of death-watch beetle in the family Ptinidae. It is found in North America.
# The Sword of Shibito

The Sword of Shibito (Japanese: しびとの剣, Hepburn: Shibito no Ken) is a manga series written by Hideyuki Kikuchi and illustrated by Missile Kakurai (加倉井ミサイル). It was serialized in the Japanese seinen manga magazine Comic Birz from 1998 until 2002. The Sword of Shibito was also licensed in English by Central Park Media and in French by 12 Bis.
The manga takes place in the Edo period of Japan.

## Reception

Mania.com's Jarred Pine criticises the manga for its art, which is "a horrible mess". Animefringe's authors agreed and noted that "the cover art looks great and you get two pages in the manga that look excellent so it’s upsetting to see this".