OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# XTE J1118+480

XTE J1118+480 is a low-mass X-ray binary in the constellation Ursa Major. It is a soft X-ray transient that most likely contains a black hole and is probably a microquasar.

## Discovery

XTE J1118+480 was discovered using the All-Sky Monitor on the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer satellite after it detected an outburst from the system on March 29, 2000. XTE is the standard designation for objects discovered by this satellite. It is also catalogued as 2MASS J11181079+4802126 in the Two-Micron All Sky Survey catalogue of infrared objects, and has been given the variable star designation KV Ursae Majoris.

## April–June outburst

Much of what is known about XTE J1118+480 comes from data collected during the outburst in March 2000. The Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer and the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite observed a quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) from XTE J1118+480 as it evolved. The QPO is comparable to QPOs of other black-hole candidates.

## Properties

The compact object in XTE J1118+480 has a mass greater than 6 M$_☉$, so it is too massive to be a neutron star. The characteristics of radio emissions from XTE J1118+480 (Fender et al. 2001) suggest that it is a microquasar.
Strangely, the companion star has a metal-rich composition of various metals such as magnesium, aluminium, calcium, iron, and nickel. Because of this observation, the black hole most likely was not formed from direct collapse of a massive star, but rather from the supernova of a metal-rich star. The two objects in the binary system were probably not born together as a supernova would likely eject the companion from the system.
The most likely theory as to how the black hole became part of the binary system is that XTE J1118+480 was formed in the central galactic halo. The black hole primary was the result of a "kick" from the supernova explosion of a massive star in the early galaxy and travelled through the galaxy and into the central galactic halo, becoming a binary system with its present-day companion. If this theory is true, it may help to explain the supernova mechanism. The black hole in XTE J1118+480 is one of the few known examples of a black hole kick.
# Veljko Lalić

Veljko Lalić (born 13 July 1976 in Belgrade) is a Serbian journalist, editor and publicist.
He is the editor-in-chief and owner of Nedeljnik, popular news magazine in Serbia, publisher of the Serbian edition of The New York Times, Le Monde diplomatique, and numerous other publications and books.
Lalić is the author of several books on history, including a Serbian bestseller on Prince Paul and the Coup of March 27, 1941.
He holds a master's degree from the University of Belgrade, and a specialization from the Faculty of Political Science, BU.

## Surveillance case

In February 2020, after Serbia's then Defence Minister Aleksandar Vulin commented on an article "by Mr Dragan Sutanovac in Nedeljnik" that has never been published by the newspaper, the Serbian public reacted and called out for the investigation.
How Vulin had the access to private email correspondence between Lalić and Šutanovac, was Nedeljnik under surveillance - those were the most pressing issues of this case.
Reporters Without Borders (RSF) called out on the Serbian authorities to investigate the possibility that the government spied on and intercepted emails between an opposition politician and the independent weekly Nedeljnik. The investigation's findings must be made public, RSF said.
"We are concerned that emails between opposition politicians and independent media outlets are being spied on and intercepted by the government," RSF editor-in-chief Pauline Adès-Méve said. "We call on the authorities to shed all possible light on this matter." Nedeljnik wanted a separate and independent Commission that would find out the truth.

## Prizes and awards

Aleksandar Tijanić Annual Award, for journalistic bravery, Journalists' Association of Serbia, 2018
Grand prix "Zlatna Nika", for the best reportage, 23rd edition of International festival of reportage and media, Interfer, 2018
Annual award "Dimitrije Davidović", for newspaper editing, Journalists' Association of Serbia, 2015
Award "Dragiša Kašiković", for distinguished professional, art, and scientific achievement and spreading the freedom of creativity 2015
Golden medal "Miša Anastasijević", for objective reporting and responsibility of public conversation, Belgrade Chamber of Commerce and Faculty of Technical Sciences, 2010
The Man of the Year, a columnist of the year, voted by colleagues and public figures, The Man magazine 2010
Annual award "Laza Kostić", for feuilleton, Journalists' Association of Serbia, 2004
Certificate of Honour (Professional Development Program in the United States), International Center of Journalists, 2011.

## Books

Prince Paul: The Truth About March 27 A history bestseller, was published in 2008 by the historian Miodrag Janković and journalist Veljko Lalić.
Knez Pavle: Samoubistvo Jugoslavije - Prince Paul: The Suicide of Yugoslavia, circulation 20,000 copies.
Milan Stojadinović: Ekonomski reformator ili profašistički premijer - Milan Stojadinović: An economic reformer or a pro-fascists Prime Minister?, circulation 30,000 copies.
Dragi Jovanović: Život i zločini srpskog Huvera - Dragi Jovanović: The Life and Crimes of Serbia's Hoover, circulation 20,000 copies.
# Thirrë

Thirrë is a populated place in the former Fan municipality, Lezhë County, northwestern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Mirditë. Near this village is the entrance of the Thirrë-Kalimash 5,6 km long tunnel part of Albania–Kosovo Highway.
# William de Moravia

William de Moravia may refer to:
* William de Moravia of Petty (died c. 1226), Scottish noble
* William de Moravia, 1st Earl of Sutherland (c. 1210–1248), Scottish nobleman
* William de Moravia, 2nd Earl of Sutherland (c. 1235–1307), Scottish nobleman
* William de Moravia, 3rd Earl of Sutherland (fl. early 14th century), chief of the Clan Sutherland
* William de Moravia, 5th Earl of Sutherland (died 1370), chief of the Clan Sutherland
# Voyager program (Mars)

The Voyager Mars Program was a planned series of uncrewed NASA probes to the planet Mars. The missions were planned, as part of the Apollo Applications Program, between 1966 and 1968 and were scheduled for launch in 1974–75. The probes were conceived as precursors for a crewed Mars landing in the 1980s.
Originally, NASA had proposed a direct lander using a variant of the Apollo Command Module launched atop of a Saturn IB rocket with a Centaur upper stage. With the discovery by Mariner 4 in 1965 that Mars had only a tenuous atmosphere, the mission was changed to have both an orbiter and lander. This required the use of a Saturn V to launch two probes at once. The orbiter would have been a modified Mariner probe identical to that employed for Mariner 8 and Mariner 9, while the landers would have been Surveyor moon probes modified with the use of aeroshells and a combination parachute/retrorocket landing systems.
Funding for the program, like that of the entire AAP, was cut in 1968 and the mission itself was cancelled entirely in 1971, mainly on the grounds that launching both probes on a single rocket was both risky and expensive. Voyager was the first major space science project to be cancelled by the U.S. Congress.
Despite the cancellation, the planning and development of the Voyager Mars program was eventually carried out by NASA's Viking program in the mid-1970s. Cheaper and simpler than the Voyager Mars program (using the same Mariner 8/9 design for the orbiter, but with an automobile-sized lander with a very expensive microbiology lab), the Viking 1 and Viking 2 probes were launched to Mars on separate Titan IIIE/Centaur rockets in 1975 and reached Mars in 1976.
After the cancellation, the "Voyager" name was recycled for the Mariner 11 and Mariner 12 probes to the outer planets, with the latter probe, Voyager 2 (Mariner 12), completing another ambitious post-Apollo project, the "Grand Tour". The Saturn V had also been planned at one point as the launch vehicle for an upscaled probe for this mission.
# Tsubasa Kitatsuru

Tsubasa Kitatsuru (北津留 翼, Kitatsuru Tsubasa, born April 26, 1985 in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka) is a Japanese professional track cyclist. He has collected five Asian Championships and two Asian Games medals to his career hardware in men's sprint, and later represented Japan at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Kitatsuru currently races for the Japan Professional Cycling Union.
Emerging as one of Japan's most successful sprinters in track cycling, Kitatsuru sought sporting headlines at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, where he defeated South Korea's Choi Lae-Seon in the decided with a best time of 10.882 seconds, making him the fifth Japanese rider in the Games' history to take home the men's sprint gold.
Kitatsuru qualified for his first Japanese squad, as a 23-year-old, in the men's sprint at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing by receiving one of the team's four available berths based on UCI's selection process from the Track World Rankings. Kitatsuru lost his round-of-sixteen match-up against France's Mickaël Bourgain, and finished second in his repechage heat behind Malaysia's Azizulhasni Awang, thus eliminating him from the tournament. Earlier in the morning session, Kitatsuru grabbed a fourteenth seed with a time of 10.391.
At the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, Kitatsuru missed his title defense to settle only for the silver medal in men' sprint, after losing out to host nation China's Zhang Lei on a two-race final match.

## Career highlights
### 2003

* UCI Junior Track World Championships (Keirin), Moscow (RUS)
* UCI Junior Track World Championships (Sprint), Moscow (RUS)

### 2004

* Asian Championships (Sprint), Yokkaichi, Mie (JPN)

### 2005

* Asian Championships (Sprint), Ludhiana (IND)
* Asian Championships (Keirin), Ludhiana (IND)

### 2006

* Asian Championships (Sprint), Kuala Lumpur (MAS)
* Asian Games (Sprint), Doha (QAT)

### 2007

* Asian Championships (Sprint), Kuala Lumpur (MAS)
* 23rd UCI World Championships (Sprint), Palma de Mallorca (ESP)

### 2008

* 14th Olympic Games (Sprint), Beijing (CHN)

### 2010

* Asian Games (Sprint), Guangzhou (CHN)

### 2011

* Asian Championships (Sprint), Nakhon Ratchasima (THA)
* 13th UCI World Championships (Sprint), Apeldoorn (NED)
# Tuafafa Latasi

Tuafafa Latasi is a Tuvaluan politician.

## Civil service career

He was employed in the civil service of the Republic of Nauru from 9 January 1997 as the Chief Accountant. On 19 January 2001, he was appointed to the post of Secretary for Finance of Nauru.

## Political career

He was elected to the Parliament of Tuvalu in the 2024 Tuvaluan general election to represent Funafuti. He was appointed the Minister for Health and Social Welfare in the Teo Ministry.
# Stat (website)

Stat (stylized STAT, sometimes also called Stat News) is an American health-oriented news website launched on November 4, 2015, by John W. Henry, the owner of The Boston Globe. It is produced by Boston Globe Media and is headquartered in the Globe's own building in Boston. Its executive editor is Rick Berke, who formerly worked at both The New York Times and Politico. According to Kelsey Sutton of Politico, the website is Henry's "biggest and most ambitious standalone site yet". The site's name comes from the term "stat", short for statim, or "immediately"—a term that has long been used in medical contexts.
As of February 2016, it had 45 staff members. On average, STAT reaches about 2.3 million unique readers every month, with over 196,000 newsletter subscribers.

## Impact

Notable stories Stat has broken include one about Robert Califf's research, published after then–President of the United States Barack Obama announced he would be his nominee to lead the Food and Drug Administration. The site also uncovered claims made by a vitamin company to which President Donald Trump had licensed his name. The site's reporting has also inspired another presidential candidate, Bernie Sanders, to return a contribution that a disgraced former pharmaceutical industry CEO made to his campaign. The site has also sent multiple journalists to Colombia, Haiti, and Brazil to cover the zika outbreaks there. Stat began covering the Coronavirus outbreak early, starting with an article by Helen Branswell on 4 January 2020. The site's early coverage led to a surge in reader traffic 4-5 times above typical volumes.

## Remdesivir trial leak

An April 16, 2020 article entitled "Early peek at data on Gilead coronavirus drug suggests patients are responding to treatment" by Adam Feuerstein contained early, incomplete results of a University of Chicago clinical trial of the COVID-19 drug remdesivir, which were leaked to STAT without permission. Shares of Gilead Sciences, the developer of remdesivir, jumped higher in after-hours trading immediately after the report was published. In a statement to CNBC, a University of Chicago spokesperson said, “Partial data from an ongoing clinical trial is by definition incomplete and should never be used to draw conclusions about the safety or efficacy of a potential treatment that is under investigation." Lloyd Doggett, chair of the House Ways and Means Health Subcommittee, called for an investigation of the leak, noting that "providing information that's designed to impact the stock market is not something that is permitted under federal securities law."
# Pò Bandino

Po' Bandino is a frazione of the comune of Città della Pieve in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 252 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 834 inhabitants.
# Xujiacao Changle station

Xujiacao Changle Station (simplified Chinese: 徐家漕长乐站; traditional Chinese: 徐家漕長樂站; pinyin: Xújiācáo Chánglè Zhàn) is a station on Line 1 of the Ningbo Rail Transit that started operations on 30 May 2014. It is situated over Wangchun Road (Chinese: 望春路) and Xinyuan Road (Chinese: 新园路) in Haishu District of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, eastern China.

## Exits

| Exit number | Exit number | Exit location |
| Exit A | Exit A | Wangchun Road |
| Exit B | Exit B | Wangchun Road, Xiangcheng Avenue |
| Exit C | Exit C | Wangchun Road, Xinyuan Road |
# Tsareva Polyana

Tsareva Polyana is a village in Stambolovo Municipality, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria.
# Tsarukyan

Tsarukyan (in Armenian Ծառուկեան) (also spelled, Dzarugian, Tsarukian, Zarukyan, Zarukian, Zarokian, Zarookian) is an Armenian surname. Popular people with this surname include:

## People

* Antranig Dzarugian (1913 – 1989) was an influential diasporan Armenian writer, poet, educator, and journalist.
* Arman Tsarukyan (born 1996) Armenian-Russian professional mixed martial artist.
* Gagik Tsarukyan (born 1956), Armenian businessman, politician, and former athlete.
* Mihran Tsarukyan (born 1987), Armenian singer and actor.
* Valeri Tsarukyan (born 2011), Russian footballer of Armenian descent.

## Other uses

* Tsarukyan Alliance was a liberal political alliance of three political parties in Armenia.
# Trygve Røed-Larsen

Trygve Røed-Larsen (born 17 May 1939) is a Norwegian physicist.
He graduated with the cand.real. degree in physics, and took the dr.philos. degree at the University of Oslo in 1973. He spent his professional career at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment and Det Norske Veritas, and was also a delegate to AGARD. He has over 100 academic publications, and is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.
He resides in Høvik.
# Troy Brown (disambiguation)

Troy Brown (born 1971) is an American football coach and former player.
Troy Brown may also refer to:
* Troy Brown (basketball, born 1971), American former basketball player
* Troy Brown Jr. (born 1999), American basketball player
* Troy Brown (footballer) (born 1990), Welsh footballer
* Troy E. Brown (born 1971), American politician in Louisiana
# Tschandala

Tschandala (old German transcription of chandala) is a term Friedrich Nietzsche borrowed from the Indian caste system, where a chandala is a member of the lowest social class. Nietzsche's interpretation and use of the term relied on a translation of Manusmriti by Max Müller.

## Nietzsche's use of the term

Nietzsche uses the term "Tschandala" in the Götzen-Dämmerung (Twilight of the Idols) and Der Antichrist (The Antichrist). Here he uses the "law of Manu" with its caste system as an example of one kind of morality, of "breeding", as opposed to the Christian version of morality which attempts to "tame" man.
At first, Nietzsche describes methods of Christian attempts to "improve" humanity. As a metaphor, he uses a trained beast in a menagerie which is said to be "improved", but which in reality has lost vitality and is only weakened. In just such a way, Nietzsche says, has Christianity "tamed" the Teutonic races.
The law of Manu, on the other hand, tries to organize social groups by creating four castes of people. Nietzsche deplores this type of morality, that of the "breeder", just as he does the (Christian) "animal tamer", as he is opposed to all "morality". However, he much prefers it to the Christian "slave-morality". In his view, the humiliating and oppressive edicts against the Tschandala are a defensive means of keeping the castes pure:
   Yet this organization too found it necessary to be terrible—this time not in the struggle with beasts, but with their counter-concept, the unbred man, the mishmash man, the chandala. And again it had no other means for keeping him from being dangerous, for making him weak, than to make him sick—it was the fight with the "great number."
According to Nietzsche, Christianity is a product of Judaism, the "Tschandala-religion". By this he means that Judaism and Christianity after it are the morality born of the hatred of the oppressed (like the Tschandala) for their oppressors:
   Christianity, sprung from Jewish roots and comprehensible only as a growth on this soil, represents the counter-movement to any morality of breeding, of race, privilege:—it is the anti-Aryan religion par excellence. Christianity, the revaluation of all Aryan values, the victory of chandala values, the gospel preached to the poor and base, the general revolt of all the downtrodden, the wretched, the failures, the less favored, against "race": the undying chandala hatred as the religion of love...
In The Antichrist, Nietzsche again cites the law of Manu, and favors it in a relative sense to the morality of Judeo-Christianity. Nietzsche describes the "most spiritual" and "strongest" men who can say "yes" to everything, even the existence of the Tschandalas; and opposed to this is the envious and revengeful spirit of the Tschandalas themselves (cf. master–slave morality). Nietzsche also uses the term Tschandala for some of his opponents, e.g. socialism.

## Literary influence

Inspired by Nietzsche, August Strindberg wrote a novel called Tschandala in 1889.
# Tuomastornit observation towers

Tuomastornit is an observation tower located in Padasjoki, Finland. The observation is about 14 meters tall and it was completed in 2013. The tower is built mainly of glued laminated timber which ensures it can endure large number of visitors.
The observation tower has two parts: lower Pikku-Tuomas (little Tuomas) and taller Iso-Tuomas (Big Tuomas). Tuomas is a male given name common in Finland. It is the Finnish version of the name Thomas.
# Velvety black tyrant

The velvety black tyrant (Knipolegus nigerrimus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is endemic to Brazil, where its natural habitats are temperate forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.
# Theodos Anev

Teodos Anev or Yanev was a Bulgarian revolutionary and an activist of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization.

## Biography

Teodos Yanev was born in the Kumanovo village of Malino, then in the Ottoman Empire. He joined the IMRO. During the Balkan War in 1912, he was a volunteer in the Macedonian-Edirne militia and served in the Combined Partisan Company of the IOC and 14 water companies. During the First World War he was in the ranks of the partisan detachment of the 11th Division.
He died on September 14, 1915.
# Pîtres

Pîtres (French pronunciation: ; medieval Pistres) is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in north-western France. It lies on the Seine.

## History

Historically, it had a bridge to prevent Vikings from sailing up the river to Paris. It was here that King Charles the Bald promulgated the Edict of Pîtres in 864.

## Economy

The metal processing company Manoir Industries was founded in 1917.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 1,000 | — |
| 1800 | 1,053 | +0.74% |
| 1806 | 971 | −1.34% |
| 1821 | 963 | −0.06% |
| 1831 | 990 | +0.28% |
| 1836 | 1,045 | +1.09% |
| 1841 | 1,026 | −0.37% |
| 1846 | 1,028 | +0.04% |
| 1851 | 1,074 | +0.88% |
| 1856 | 980 | −1.82% |
| 1861 | 930 | −1.04% |
| 1866 | 914 | −0.35% |
| 1872 | 905 | −0.16% |
| 1876 | 888 | −0.47% |
| 1881 | 1,054 | +3.49% |
| 1886 | 939 | −2.28% |
| 1891 | 1,005 | +1.37% |
| 1896 | 972 | −0.67% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 983 | +0.23% |
| 1906 | 904 | −1.66% |
| 1911 | 900 | −0.09% |
| 1921 | 925 | +0.27% |
| 1926 | 937 | +0.26% |
| 1931 | 1,036 | +2.03% |
| 1936 | 982 | −1.06% |
| 1946 | 1,063 | +0.80% |
| 1954 | 1,045 | −0.21% |
| 1962 | 1,278 | +2.55% |
| 1968 | 1,848 | +6.34% |
| 1975 | 2,374 | +3.64% |
| 1982 | 2,312 | −0.38% |
| 1990 | 2,285 | −0.15% |
| 1999 | 2,290 | +0.02% |
| 2007 | 2,127 | −0.92% |
| 2012 | 2,428 | +2.68% |
| 2017 | 2,519 | +0.74% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Stenygra apicalis

Stenygra apicalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1911.
# Ram Bhagat Paswan

Ram Bhagat Paswan also spelt Bagat is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Rosera in Bihar as a member of the Indian National Congress.
# Ya Do

Ya Do (or Yă Dố, 1765 – 1795), also known as the General 's Maid of Honor; was the second wife of the leader Nguyen Nhac, and was in charge of providing food during the beginning of the Tay Son uprising in 18th century Vietnam.
She was a Bahnar people woman, from Plei de Hmau (now in Dong commune, Kbang district, Gia Lai province).
Her mother died when she was young, and she lived with her father. Her father (name unknown) was a wealthy Plei de Hmau patriarch, and a well-known sniper in the area. Growing up, Ya Do was taught martial arts by her father, skilled in farming, and reputable with the villagers.
# Turner, Mississippi County, Arkansas

Turner is an unincorporated community in Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States. Turner is 2 miles (3.2 km) southwest of Dell. During World War II, airmen cadets from the Royal Air Force, flying from their training base at Terrell, Texas, routinely flew to Turner on training flights. The community served as a stand-in for the British for Emden, Germany, which was the same distance from London, England as Turner is from Terrell.