OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samuel Cottereau du Clos

Samuel Cottereau du Clos or Duclos (18 November 1598 – 1685) was a French physician and apothecary who was among the first members of the Royal Academy of Sciences in France founded by Louis XIV in 1666. He contributed to an early chemical analysis of the mineral waters from around France, examined the composition of plant matter.

## Biography

Du Clos was born in a Huguenot Protestant family in Paris where he studied medicine and followed the teachings of Paracelsus, clashing with the Galenic ideas at the Faculty of Medicine. His academic career is unclear and is confounded by the presence of three other namesake physicians in the period.
He supported the idea of conducting experiments and took an interest in pharmacology. He set up his own laboratory in 1645. He spent more time on research than on treating patients and spent some time at the private Academie Montmor which came to an end in 1664 following a fire. Du Clos gained a reputation as a careful experimenter and when the Royal Academy of Sciences, known as the company, was created in 1666, he was named member and along with Claude Bourdelin, he was assigned to analyze the mineral waters of France with funding provided by Louis XIV. This was a major shift in science from wealthy private individuals to central funding from the Kingdom. This resulted in collections of large quantities of water samples from nearly sixty sources which were boiled to obtain precipitates which were then analyzed using various reagents. Du Clos came up with 24 tests such as reactions with gall nuts to identify the presence of iron.
His subsequent work was on plant products and he worked with Nicolas Marchant and continued by Denis Dodart from 1671. Du Clos clashed with Dodart who considered distillation based approaches as merely exploratory. Robert Boyle had also attacked the idea of chemical nature of materials as being defined merely by the constituent elements. Du Close agreed with Boyle on the need for experimentation but tried to turn it against Boyle seeking experimental evidence for his claims that corpuscles (roughly meaning molecules) defined the nature of materials. He tried to provide a theory of matter in his works.
From 1683, the persecution of Protestants increased and he converted to Catholicism. He also began to reject alchemical ideas on transmutation and he burnt his papers relating to alchemy in the summer of 1685, particularly to prevent his son-in-law, the painter Jacques Friquet from making any alchemical quest. Du Clos died sometime between 20 August and October 15, 1685.
# Saint-Branchs

Saint-Branchs (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 1,361 | — |
| 1800 | 1,920 | +5.04% |
| 1806 | 1,837 | −0.73% |
| 1821 | 1,936 | +0.35% |
| 1831 | 2,010 | +0.38% |
| 1836 | 2,043 | +0.33% |
| 1841 | 2,003 | −0.39% |
| 1846 | 1,886 | −1.20% |
| 1851 | 1,941 | +0.58% |
| 1856 | 1,931 | −0.10% |
| 1861 | 1,835 | −1.01% |
| 1866 | 1,802 | −0.36% |
| 1872 | 1,780 | −0.20% |
| 1876 | 1,740 | −0.57% |
| 1881 | 1,744 | +0.05% |
| 1886 | 1,747 | +0.03% |
| 1891 | 1,685 | −0.72% |
| 1896 | 1,610 | −0.91% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 1,612 | +0.02% |
| 1906 | 1,564 | −0.60% |
| 1911 | 1,535 | −0.37% |
| 1921 | 1,428 | −0.72% |
| 1926 | 1,468 | +0.55% |
| 1931 | 1,416 | −0.72% |
| 1936 | 1,433 | +0.24% |
| 1946 | 1,366 | −0.48% |
| 1954 | 1,429 | +0.57% |
| 1962 | 1,361 | −0.61% |
| 1968 | 1,621 | +2.96% |
| 1975 | 1,548 | −0.66% |
| 1982 | 1,707 | +1.41% |
| 1990 | 2,103 | +2.64% |
| 1999 | 2,211 | +0.56% |
| 2007 | 2,340 | +0.71% |
| 2012 | 2,540 | +1.65% |
| 2017 | 2,607 | +0.52% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Yokoi

Yokoi is Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gunpei Yokoi, designer of the Game Boy and other Nintendo products
* Hirotaka Yokoi, professional mixed martial arts fighter
* Shoichi Yokoi, soldier and celebrity
* Yokoi Shōnan, political reformer
* Mitsuo Yokoi, a Japanese voice actor (known as "Tesshō Genda")
* Yokoi Yayū, 18th-century poet
# Spinalis

The spinalis is a portion of the erector spinae, a bundle of muscles and tendons, located nearest to the spine. It is divided into three parts: Spinalis dorsi, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis capitis.

## Spinalis dorsi

Spinalis dorsi, the medial continuation of the sacrospinalis, is scarcely separable as a distinct muscle. It is situated at the medial side of the longissimus dorsi, and is intimately blended with it; it arises by three or four tendons from the spinous processes of the first two lumbar and the last two thoracic vertebrae: these, uniting, form a small muscle which is inserted by separate tendons into the spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae, the number varying from four to eight.
It is intimately united with the semispinalis dorsi, situated beneath it.

## Spinalis cervicis

Spinalis cervicis, or spinalis colli, is an inconstant muscle, which arises from the lower part of the nuchal ligament, the spinous process of the seventh cervical, and sometimes from the spinous processes of the first and second thoracic vertebrae, and is inserted into the spinous process of the axis, and occasionally into the spinous processes of the two cervical vertebrae below it.

## Spinalis capitis

Spinalis capitis (biventer cervicis) is usually inseparably connected with the semispinalis capitis.
Spinalis capitis is not well characterized in modern anatomy textbooks and atlases, and is often omitted from anatomical illustration. However, it can be identified as fibers that extend from the spinous processes of TV1 and CV7 to the cranium, often blending with semispinalis capitis
# Sunnhordland

Sunnhordland is a traditional district in the western region of Norway. The district consists of the southern coastal regions of the old Hordaland county (now part of Vestland county). It includes the areas that surround the mouth of the Hardangerfjorden and the surrounding islands. The municipalities of Sveio, Etne, Stord, Bømlo, Fitjar, Kvinnherad, and Tysnes (and sometimes Austevoll) make up the district of Sunnhordaland. The regional centre of this district is the town of Leirvik in Stord.
In all, the district includes about 2,860 square kilometres (1,100 sq mi) of land. There were about 58,680 inhabitants in 2014, giving it a population density of about 20.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (53/sq mi). About 50% of the land area is mountainous land above 300 metres (980 ft) in elevation with most of the population living below that level in the valleys and coastal areas.

## Name

The name Sunnhordland is derived from "søndre Hordaland" which means "the southern part of Hordaland". It is similar in nature to the nearby districts of Nordhordland and Midhordland.
People from Sunnhordland are called Sunnhordlendinger and the people in this area speak a Norwegian dialect called Sunnhordlandsmål.
# Zsolt Harsányi

Zsolt Harsányi (27 January 1887 – 29 November 1943), also known as Zsolt von Harsanyi or Zsolt de Harsanyi, was a prolific and renowned Hungarian author, dramatist, translator, and writer.
Born in Korompa, Upper Hungary (modern day Slovakia; Krompachy in Slovakian), Harsányi descended from a long line of Hungarian writers. At seventeen years of age, he received a student award from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
His long career produced hundreds of dramatic and literary works, including short and full-length plays, musical comedies, and historical fiction novels.
# Sandy Mactaggart

Alastair Auld Mactaggart OC AOE (March 11, 1928 – July 3, 2017), known as Sandy Mactaggart or Sandy Auld Mactaggart, was a Scottish-born Canadian educator and philanthropist.
Mactaggart was born in Glasgow. After being evacuated to Canada during World War II in the late 1930s, he attended schooling at Lakefield College School (Ontario) and at Choate Rosemary Hall (Connecticut). He later attended Harvard University, studying architecture and graduating cum laude in 1950 with a Bachelor of Arts.
He would go on to attend Harvard Business School, receiving a degree in business administration in 1952. That same year he would move to Edmonton, Alberta with Harvard dorm-mate Jean de La Bruyere to found Maclab Enterprises ("Mac"taggart/"La B"ruyere), a property development company. He would involve himself in the local arts and culture scenes of Edmonton, one of the co-founders the Citadel Theatre in 1965, and a founder of the Edmonton Art Gallery.
He is also involved with his alma mater, Harvard, serving on the Harvard Resources Committee and in the leadership of the Harvard Alumni Association as well as the directorship of Harvard Clubs in Canada. He has also served as treasurer of the American University of Beirut, president of the C.D. Howe Institute and Chief Executives Organization, and as a member of the Advisory Board of the Royal Society of Canada.
Mactaggart served on the University of Alberta Board of Governors from 1983 to 1994, on the school's Real Estate Advisory Committee, and as chairman of the University of Alberta Foundation from 1989 to 1994. He was chancellor of the university from 1990 to 1994. During his term as chancellor, he oversaw a period of changes in government funding, and introduced the concept of visiting committees of community leaders invited to tour the campus, a concept he had become aware of via his alma mater, Harvard.
He has donated an area of 40 hectares (99 acres) situated in the Whitemud Creek ravine, the Mactaggart Nature Sanctuary, as well as several pieces of Chinese costumes and art, worth $37 million; to the University of Alberta.
In 2010, he moved to the Bahamas with his wife, Cécile for health reasons, after donating his Edmonton home worth $23 million to the University of Alberta.
He received the James L. Fisher Award from the Council for Advancement and Support of Education in 1995. He was also appointed as an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1997, and the Alberta Order of Excellence in 1998. Sandy Mactaggart Award at the University of Alberta is named after him.
Sandy Mactaggart married Cécile Erickson in 1959. He died on July 3, 2017, in Islay, Scotland, aged 89.
# Tack Lake (Minnesota)

Tack Lake is a 16-acre lake in Cook County, Minnesota which is a tributary to the Poplar River through Rice Lake. Water clarity surveys performed by the University of Minnesota indicated Tack Lake had a visibility of 2.48 meters in 2008.
# Saint-Bresson

Saint-Bresson may refer to:
* Saint-Bresson, Gard, in the Gard department of France
* Saint-Bresson, Haute-Saône, in the Haute-Saône department of France
# You're All Living in Cuckooland

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
You're All Living in Cuckooland is the eleventh and final album by the Welsh heavy metal band Budgie. Released in November 2006, it was their first official studio album in 24 years. It was accompanied by a UK tour.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Burke Shelley and Simon Lees, except where noted

## Personnel
### Budgie

* Burke Shelley - vocals, bass
* Simon Lees - guitar
* Steve Williams - drums
# Uddeholm

Uddeholm is a locality situated in Hagfors Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden with 667 inhabitants in 2010.
The company Uddeholms AB, located in Hagfors is named after the locality.
# One80 Intermediaries

One80 Intermediaries is a specialty insurance brokerage firm with offices in the US and Canada. The firm was founded in 2019 in Boston, Massachusetts.
The firm offers access to major insurance markets in USA, United Kingdom, Asia, and Canada, as well as in-house binding authority for property & casualty, financial lines, personal lines, life insurance, benefits, medical stop loss risks, travel/accident and health, affinity, and warranty coverage.
As of 2023, it was ranked as the 5th largest MGA/underwriting manager/Lloyd's coverholder. As of July 2023, One80 Intermediaries has acquired approximately 48 companies, and has an annual revenue of approximately $450 million. One80 has approximately 130 Carrier Relationships in the US, UK, Canada, and Asia. To compliment this, One80 has 105 In-house Underwriting Programs.
One80 Intermediaries has offices in approximately 55 locations including Boston, New York City, Chicago, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Miami, Atlanta, Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, Omaha, Mountain View, Philadelphia, San Diego, and Seattle; as well as offices in Toronto, Montreal, and Lachine, QC.

## History

One80 Intermediaries, backed by private equity partners Kelso & Company and Goldman Sachs, was founded in 2019, and formally launched on January 7, 2020 As of the second quarter of 2023, the firm had acquired 48 niche insurance platforms across the United States and Canada. and has extended its offerings to include wholesale brokerage, national programs, contract binding, affinity and administrative services and specialty insurance.

### Acquisitions

Major acquisitions include:
* Select Insurance Markets
* Maritime Program Group
* International Excess Program Managers
* Strategic Underwriting Managers, Inc.
* Safeware, Inc.
* Cannasure Insurance Services
* Pearl Insurance
* Professional Risk Solutions
* SelmanCo
* C & M First Services, Inc.
* Manchester Specialty Programs

## Services

Services of One80 Intermediaries include:
* National Wholesale Brokerage
* National Program Business
* Contract Binding
* Affinity and Administrative Services
* Specialty Insurance
The One80 Intermediaries platform consists of five key pillars: of National Wholesale Brokerage, Program Business, Contract Binding, Affinity and Administrative services and Specialty Insurance. These business verticals serve private and public sector businesses, non-profits, individual insureds and affinity businesses.

## Rankings

* 8th Largest Specialty Intermediary (Business Insurance, 2022).
* 5th Largest MGA/Underwriting Manager/Lloyd's Coverholder (Business Insurance, 2022)
* 5th Largest Underwriting Manager (Business Insurance, 2022)
# Sunnyside (Luss)

Sunnyside is a building in Luss, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It is a Category B listed structure dating to the mid 19th century.
The building, a single-storey cottage located on Pier Road, is made of whinstone and sandstone rubble with pink sandstone margins and dressings. It possesses timber diamond-paned casement windows and octagonal ridge chimney stacks with octagonal cans. It is a variant of the common form of cottage found elsewhere on the street.
The building is shown on the first-edition Ordnance Survey map, surveyed in 1864.

## Gallery

* Roof detail
# Zinsland

Zinsland is a crowdfunding platform for real estate investments. It was founded in 2014.

## History

Civum GmbH is based in Hamburg and was founded by Carl Friedrich von Stechow, Moritz Eversmann and Dr. Stefan Wiskemann. Its first real estate financing platform Zinsland was launched in March 2015.
In 2018, Zinsland reached 50 million euros in funding volume. In 2019, with a portfolio consisting of three projects in the greater Düsseldorf area, Zinsland launched the first public bond on its platform.
Civum announced the development of Caladio in April 2019. David Werner became the new chief technology officer (CTO) to support Zinsland in building Caladio.

## Haus am Michaelsberg

With a total funding of 600,000 euros reached in only 12 minutes in January 2019, the real estate project "Haus am Michaelsberg" was the platform's fastest funding. Over 250 investors supported the building of 29 condominiums in Siegburg, Germany.

## Caladio

Caladio allows the Zinsland platform to be the first ever provider of a completely digital service for real estate financing, supporting every stakeholder in their process from credit application to credit reporting. At the same time, Zinsland is collaborating with the bank 'Taunus-Sparkasse' and real estate developers.

## Risks

Crowd-investors warn of the high default risks of crowdfunded loans.
# San Lorenzo Protected Area

San Lorenzo Protected Area (SLPA; "Area Protegida San Lorenzo") is a 12,000-ha area in Panama. It includes Fort San Lorenzo and Fort Sherman. At its longest point, is measures 24 kilometres (15 mi) from "Toro Point to the town of Escobal". The widest point of its width measures 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) "from the southeastern corner of Limón Bay to the beaches northeast of the town of Piña". All areas of the SLPA were returned to Panama on June 30, 1999.
Major physiographic features of the SLPA include Fort Sherman uplands, Mindi Hills, Piña-Escobal highlands, Chagres-Mojinga-Gatún lowlands, Limón Bay lowlands, Caribbean shore lowlands, and the Chagres River. The major roads and trails in the SLPA include Gatún Locks-Escobal Road, Gatún Locks-Sherman Road, Piña Road, Sherman-San Lorenzo Road, and Tower Road. Rivers and streams include, Aguadulce Arenal, Arenoso, Buena Vista, Chagres, Congo, Crematorio, Grande, Iglesias, Indio, Mojinga, Medio, Morito, Narajitos, Negrita, Paulino, Petitpie, Piña, Providencia, and Trienticinco.
# Taisha-zukuri

Taisha-zukuri or Ōyashiro-zukuri (大社造) is an ancient Japanese architectural style and the oldest Shinto shrine architectural style. Named after Izumo Taisha's honden (sanctuary), like Ise Grand Shrine's shinmei-zukuri style it features a bark roof decorated with poles called chigi and katsuogi, plus archaic features like gable-end pillars and a single central pillar (shin no mihashira). The honden's floor is raised above the ground through the use of stilts (see photo). Like the shinmei-zukuri and sumiyoshi-zukuri styles, it predates the arrival of Buddhism in Japan.

## History

Ancient shrines were constructed according to the style of dwellings (Izumo Taisha) or storehouses (Ise Grand Shrine). The buildings had gabled roofs, raised floors, plank walls, and were thatched with reed or covered with hinoki cypress bark. Such early shrines did not include a space for worship. Three important forms of ancient shrine architectural styles exist: taisha-zukuri, shinmei-zukuri and sumiyoshi-zukuri. They are exemplified by Izumo Taisha, Nishina Shinmei Shrine and Sumiyoshi Taisha respectively and date to before 552. According to the tradition of Shikinen sengū-sai (式年遷宮祭), the buildings or shrines were faithfully rebuilt at regular intervals adhering to the original design. In this manner, ancient styles have been replicated through the centuries to the present day.

## Structure

Izumo Taisha's honden over time has gone through profound changes that have greatly decreased its size and changed its structure. In its present form, it is a gabled building 2x2 ken in size, with an entrance on the gabled end (a characteristic called tsumairi-zukuri (妻入造). Like Ise Grand Shrine's, it has purely ornamental poles called chigi (vertical) and katsuogi (horizontal) on a cypress bark-covered roof, plus archaic features like gable-end pillars and a single central pillar (shin no mihashira (心の御柱)). This pillar has a diameter of 10.9 cm, has no obvious structural role and is believed to have had a purely religious significance. The external stairway is covered by an independent bark-covered roof (see illustration in the gallery).
The honden's interior is a square divided into four identical sections, each covered by fifteen tatami (straw mats). The floor plan has therefore the shape of the Chinese character for rice field (田), an element which suggests a possible connection with harvest propitiation rites.
Because its floor is raised above the ground, the honden is believed to have its origin in raised-floor granaries like those found in Toro, Shizuoka prefecture.
The oldest extant example of taisha-zukuri is the honden at Kamosu Shrine in Matsue, Shimane prefecture, built in 1582 and now declared a National Treasure. Smaller than Izumo Taisha's, it nonetheless has thick supporting pillars. It is deeper, has a higher floor, and differs significantly from Izumo Taisha's. It probably represents an older style of construction.

## Gallery

* Front and side view of Izumo Taisha's honden
* The honden is visible in the background
* Roofs at Izumo Taisha
# Abrasive saw

An abrasive saw, also known as a cut-off saw or chop saw, is a circular saw (a kind of power tool) which is typically used to cut hard materials, such as metals, tile, and concrete. The cutting action is performed by an abrasive disc, similar to a thin grinding wheel. Technically speaking this is not a saw, as it does not use regularly shaped edges (teeth) for cutting.
These saws are available in a number of configurations, including table top, free hand, and walk behind models. In the table top models, which are commonly used to cut tile and metal, the cutting wheel and motor are mounted on a pivoting arm attached to a fixed base plate. Table top saws are often electrically powered and generally have a built-in vise or other clamping arrangement. The free hand designs are typically used to cut concrete, asphalt, and pipe on construction sites. They are designed with the handles and motor near the operator, with the blade at the far end of the saw. Free hand saws do not feature a vise, because the materials being cut are larger and heavier. Walk-behind models, sometimes called flat saws are larger saws which use a stand or cart to cut into concrete floors as well as asphalt and concrete paving materials.
Abrasive saws typically use composite friction disk blades to abrasively cut through the steel. The disks are consumable items as they wear throughout the cut. The abrasive disks for these saws are typically 14 in (360 mm) in diameter and 7⁄64 in (2.8 mm) thick. Larger saws use 410 mm (16 in) diameter blades. Disks are available for steel and stainless steel. Abrasive saws can also use superabrasive (i.e., diamond and cubic boron nitride or CBN) blades, which last longer than conventional abrasive materials and do not generate as hazardous particulate matter. Superabrasive materials are more commonly used when cutting concrete, asphalt, and tile; however, they are also suitable for cutting ferrous metals.
Since their introduction, portable cut-off saws have made many building site jobs easier. With these saws, lightweight steel fabrication previously performed in workshops using stationary power bandsaws or cold saws can be done on-site. Abrasive saws have replaced more expensive and hazardous acetylene torches in many applications, such as cutting rebar. In addition, these saws allow construction workers to cut through concrete, asphalt, and pipe on job sites in a more precise manner than is possible with heavy equipment.
# Saint-Bresson, Haute-Saône

Saint-Bresson (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.