OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vicente Fidel López

Vicente Fidel López (April 24, 1815 in Buenos Aires – August 30, 1903) was an Argentine historian, lawyer and politician. He was the son of writer and politician Vicente López y Planes.

## Biography

He studied at the school of Moral Sciences with Diego Alcorta, and got a degree as lawyer in 1837. He was a founding member of the "Sociedad de estudios Históricos y Sociales" (the Society of Social and Historical Studies), the "Salón Literario" (Literary Salon) and the "Asociación de Mayo" (May Association). From 1840 to 1852 he stayed in Chile, as he opposed the government of Juan Manuel de Rosas. During this time, he worked with Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, with whom he founded a private school and published a book of Chilean History in 1845.
He returned to Argentina after the defeat of Rosas, being a minister of his father. In this time he published 2 historical novels, "La novia del hereje" and "La loca de la guardia". He left again to Montevideo publishing another pair of books. He was teacher of law, and discussed with Dalmasio Vélez Sársfield about the content and function of the civil code. Between 1876 and 1879 he was a national deputy, and minister of economy in 1891 under the presidency of Carlos Pellegrini. He was an active Freemason. He contended with Bartolomé Mitre about the book Historia de Belgrano y de la Independencia Argentina, and later wrote his most important work, Historia de la República Argentina, in 10 issues (1883–1893). He died in his home city in 1903.

## Works

* Revista del Río de la Plata (1871–1877, with Juan María Gutierrez)
* Historia de la república Argentina (1883–1893)
* La Gran Semana de mayo (Edición de Homenaje a la Revolución de Mayo, Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires, Impreso en Argentina, 3ª edición, Año 1964)
# Vexillum rusticum

Vexillum rusticum, common name the rustic mitre, is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 21.4 mm.
(original description) The shell is oblong-ovate with the spire turreted.The whorls are angulated at the upper part, longitudinally ribbed, with the ribs rather distant. There are prickly tubercles on the angle, transversely punctured. The shell is whitish, the lower part of the shell ash-colour. The columella is four-plaited.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off French Polynesia and Papua New Guinea
# Vexillum schafferi

Vexillum schafferi is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in middle Miocene strata in the Vienna Basin the former Paratethys Sea (Slovakia).
# Vicky Colbert

Vicky Colbert (born Clara Victoria Colbert de Arboleda; 1948/1949) is a Colombian social entrepreneur.
She has served as Colombia's Vice-Minister of Education, and is the founder and current Executive Director of Escuela Nueva Foundation. She has won numerous awards for her work. In 2013 she received the Wise Prize for Education from the Qatar Foundation and in September 2017 she won the Yidan Prize for Education Development from the Yidan Prize Foundation.

## Life

Colbert came from a family with a strong interest in education reform. Her godfather had been Colombia’s minister of education, and her mother was a teacher who also founded teacher training colleges. Her father was an officer in the U.S. Navy.
A Ford Foundation scholarship allowed her to study comparative education as a graduate student at Stanford University. She then returned to Colombia where “I wanted to tackle basic education and work with the poorest of the poor schools, the isolated schools.” She went to work in rural Colombia, where many families grow coffee. Children frequently dropped out of school to help on the family farm during harvest season, which created problems if they returned to class much later. A related problem was that rural teachers often taught several grade levels in a single classroom. She saw the need to structure a system of education that was flexible enough to accommodate such schedules. In the mid-1970s she worked with others, notably Oscar Mogollón and Beryl Levinger to devise the model known as Escuela Nueva.
A key element of the Escuela Nueva school is that children learn at their own rate by using Learning Guide, which Colbert describes as "a combination of a textbook, workbook and a guide for the teacher." These guides suggest hands-on activities for students to do both in school and at home. Students work their way through the guide at their own pace, with teachers serving as advisers, and students who have mastered a lesson often helping those who have not.
Inspired by the work of John Dewey, Maria Montessori, and other progressive educators, the schools are also democratic in spirit, with teachers, students, and parents all involved in decision-making.
It took many years of effort for the Escuela Nueva model to become widespread throughout Colombia, but it is now used in 20,000 schools in that country. Colbert noted that “it's not just governmental support but also ground support that is needed to influence change in the education system." It has continued to spread and Escuela Nueva schools are now in 19 countries including Brazil, the Philippines and India.

## Recognition

She was recognized as one of the BBC's 100 women of 2017.
# Veturi (surname)

Veturi (Telugu: వేటూరి) is one of the Indian surnames. People with this surname are Telugu Brahmins. The term Veturi comes from the place Veturu, Andhra Pradesh. Notable people with the surname include:
* Veturi Prabhakara Sastri (1888–1950), Sanskrit and Telugu pandit
* Veturi (1936–2010), Telugu cinema writer
* Vikram Veturi Director
# Victorious (Perishers album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Music Emissions | |
| PopMatters | |
Victorious is the last album released by The Perishers. It was released on 4 September 2007.

## Track listing

All songs were written by Ola Klüft and The Perishers.
* "Midnight Skies" – 4:35
* "Never Bloom Again" – 2:19
* "Carefree" – 3:14
* "My Own" – 2:44
* "Victorious" – 3:11
* "Come Out of the Shade" – 3:59
* "Best Friends" – 4:42
* "Almost Pretty" – 4:26
* "Is It Over Now?" – 2:36
* "To Start a New" – 3:44
* "8AM Departure" – 4:36
* "Get Well Soon" – 3:15
* "Sleep Tight"" – 2:32 U.S. iTunes only bonus track
# Victor Franco

Victor Franco (1930 in Baghdad – 18 February 2018) was a French journalist who was awarded the 1963 Albert Londres Prize for La Révolution sensuelle. He died in Montélimar on 18 February 2018 at the age of 87.
# Vieira's titi monkey

Vieira's titi monkey (Plecturocebus vieirai) is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from central-northern Brazil.

## Taxonomy

Vieira's titi belongs to the New World monkey family Pitheciidae, which contains the titis (Callicebus), saki monkeys (Pithecia), bearded sakis (Chiropotes), and uakaris (Cacajao).

## Etymology

Plecturocebus vieirai is named after Professor Carlos Octaviano da Cunha Vieira (1897‑1958), a Brazilian mammalogist and former Curator of the Mammal Collection at the Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo (MZUSP), Brazil.
# Viligiardi

Viligiardi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alessandro Viligiardi (born 1967), Italian gymnast
* Arturo Viligiardi (1869–1936), Italian painter
# Vilar de Santos

Vilar de Santos is a small municipality in the province of Ourense, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It belongs to the comarca of A Limia.
# Vilar de Maçada

Vilar de Maçada is a freguesia (civil parish) of Alijó municipality, in northern Portugal. The population in 2011 was 915, in an area of 20.19 km$^2$. The locality is known as the place where José Sócrates, former Portuguese Prime-Minister born in the city of Porto in 1957, was registered in that same year by his father.
# Vilar de Infesta

42°14′8.14″N 8°37′14.72″W﻿ / ﻿42.2355944°N 8.6207556°W﻿ / 42.2355944; -8.6207556 Vilar de Infesta is a parish in Redondela, Pontevedra Province, Spain.
* This Spain location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Victoria University Coastal Ecology Laboratory

The Victoria University Coastal Ecology Laboratory (VUCEL) is a research facility of the School of Biological Sciences at Victoria University of Wellington that supports research in coastal ecology and marine biology. Located at the southern end of the North Island of New Zealand, in Island Bay on Wellington's south coast, approximately 8 km south of the university's main campus, the laboratory overlooks Cook Strait and the exposed rocky reef systems of the Taputeranga Marine Reserve.
VUCEL is known in Māori as Te Toka Tū Moana, which means "the surf-beaten rock that stands firm in the ocean". The Māori name is both a description of the VUCEL building (with natural design elements that give it the appearance of rising from the rocks of the Wellington south coast), and it is representative of the strong connections between land and sea that are the focus much of VUCEL-supported research.
VUCEL is a purpose-built research facility designed by Pynenburg & Collins Architects Ltd with the internal laboratory spaces designed by Labworks Architecture Ltd, the research facility was completed in early 2009 and comprises an 816 m$^2$ research space that includes 113 m$^2$ of science laboratories, 168 m$^2$ of wet laboratory facilities supplied with filtered and unfiltered flow-through seawater, and 161 m$^2$ of oceanfront office space for up to 30 VUCEL research students, academics, and support staff. VUCEL provides a staging area for field-based research programmes along the Wellington south coast and surrounding regions. The lab maintains a small fleet of research vessels and vehicles, SCUBA diving facilities, research infrastructure, and instrumentation for field-based ecological research. VUCEL provides logistic support to research programmes in coastal ecology that are conducted in the Wellington region and throughout New Zealand, the Indo-Pacific region, and Southern Ocean.
Victoria University first proposed a marine lab along the south coast of Wellington in the 1920s but it was not until the 1960s that a lab was established. This predecessor to VUCEL, known as the Island Bay Marine Lab, occupied a building that was originally constructed as a shark liver oil processing plant by the Glaxo Company. This 1950s structure supported the marine biology programme of Victoria University until 2007, when it was demolished to make way for the new purpose-built coastal ecology laboratory.
# Villa gracilis

Villa gracilis is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae.

## Distribution

United States.
# Villa Pandolfini

Villa Pandolfini is a Renaissance villa near Florence, Italy in Lastra a Signa, and close to the Arno River.

## History and description

The villa was commissioned by Battista Pandolfini and built in the late 15th century (1485–1488) to a design attributed to Desiderio da Settignano. The Pandolfini family already owned the medieval tower that is currently in front of the main entrance to the villa. Under the ownership of Agnolo Pandolfini, a friend of Cosimo de' Medici, the tower hosted historical figures such as Leon Battista Alberti, Benedetto da Rovezzano, Pope Eugene IV, Renais D'Anjou, Francesco Sforza. The presence in the villa of Charles VIII of France is documented in 1495, just before he was about to enter Florence with his army.
Villa Pandolfini remained substantially the same until the 17th century, when Filippo Pandolfini made some alterations: constructing a large terrace on the main facade towards the Via Livornese, and the chapel. The arrangement of the garden dates from 1633. The solidity of the structural works appears when the changes are compared with the plan of the villa designed by Giovanni Vasari The Young at the end of the 16th century, at any time prior to the restoration.
Today, Villa Pandolfini has an interior design consistent with Italian 19th century taste. The living room overlooking the loggia has a frescoed ceiling with bucolic subjects typical of a neo-classicism Arcadian hunting scene. The Ducessois-Prat family, arrived in Italy after the French Revolution, took over from the Pandolfinis and the Samminiatelli family, and made further changes: 19th century restorations are visible in the garden, especially in the Rocaille pavilion.
In the last decades, Villa Pandolfini returned to an Italian owner, the Brogi family, and it currently houses the "Azienda Agricola Marchesi Prat" and the Italian Academy of Cuisine Pandolfini, founded in the 1990s.
# Village View (Emporia, Virginia)

Village View, also known as the Mansion House, is a historic home located at Emporia, Virginia. It was built about 1815, and substantially improved in 1826. It is a two-story, double pile, Federal style frame dwelling. It has a two-story rear ell added in the 20th century. It features a two-story front porch and exterior end chimneys. Village View served as a Confederate headquarters during the American Civil War and was used later by the owners of a boys' academy.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Villefranque

Villefranque may refer to:
* Villefranque, Hautes-Pyrénées, France
* Villefranque, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France
# Vilnius Biofuel Power Plant

Vilnius Biofuel Power Plant is a waste-to-energy plant in Vilnius, Lithuania. The plant produces 40% of all annual heating requirements for the city of Vilnius.
It was built next to decommissioned Vilnius Combined Heat and Power Plant and utilises some of the infrastructure.
# Villery

Villery (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
# Vincent Reynolds Woodland

Vincent Reynolds Woodland (1879 – 11 December 1933) was a British colonial administrator who was governor of Mongalla Province of the southern Anglo-Egyptian Sudan from 1920 to 1924.
VR Woodland was born in 1879 and educated at Marlborough College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He married Jeannie Claudine Leighton and had two children called Frances Anne and John. He joined the Sudan Political Service in 1904.
Woodland was Governor of Mongalla Province from 1920 to 1924, when he retired from the service. He was appointed after the former governor Chauncey Hugh Stigand had killed in October 1919 while trying to suppress a revolt by tribesmen of the Aliyab Dinka. The Aliab Dinka rising was put down harshly in 1920. Woodland wrote that "The Government has done nothing for the Aliab. It has not protected them from aggression, has given them no economic benefits ... it has forced them to do a certain amount of labour, to pay taxes and to endure a not negligible amount of extortion by police". However, although he removed the Egyptian ma'mur at Minkammon who had triggered the Aliab revolt through his abuses, Woodland did not appoint a replacement. The Aliab Dinka were left with no administration at all.
In 1920 the Nuer attacked both the Dinka and the Burun people on the border with Ethiopia. Woodland said of Mongala in 1920 that it was "in such a muck-up state he doesn't know where to start". The British were ambivalent about their policy for administration of the South Sudan. Woodland called for a decision. Either South Sudan should be separated from the north and administered as a territory in the same way as Uganda, or the British should encourage development by the Arabs within the structure of the North Sudan.
Woodland had to restrain his commissioners from taking an expansionary approach in eastern Mongalla. Talking of the Toposa people of the east, who were threatening the Didinga of Mongalla, he said "All recent reports of 'the Toposa' attitude towards the government indicate that they must be broken before they will submit to control. Nothing is to be gained by visiting them unless the government intends to occupy and administer their country". While Woodland was handicapped by lack of resources, an excellently equipped team of surveyors, engineers and hydrologists undertook a thorough study of the question of a Sudd canal while he was governor. A canal through the vast swampland of the Sudd would open the south of Sudan to navigation, drain the swamps to create agricultural land and by reducing loss through evaporation would increase water available further downstream in north Sudan and Egypt.
In 1922 Woodland was appointed to the 3rd Class of the Order of the Nile by the King of Egypt. Woodland left office on 6 October 1924.
# Vintage automobiles in Cuba

Cars in Cuba mainly consist of vintage, American-made automobiles that date back to as early as the 1940s. These commodities come from large companies, such as Chevrolet, Buick, and Ford models. The reason behind this abundance of old-fashioned cars was due to the U.S. embargo in 1962, which prohibits any exportation and importation or commerce between the U.S. and Cuba, including cars. After this embargo was legislated, Cubans also lost access to car parts but quickly became resourceful and successfully conserved the quality of their antiquated cars.

## Background

Although owning a car can be convenient, the streets of Cuba are often relatively quiet. Due to being under a communist regime, private ownership of materials such as cars have been illegal between 1959 and 2011 in Cuba. As a result, the majority of locals never personally owned a car, or if they did, it would have been owned prior to 1959. Vintage American cars, however, still live at the heart of Havana, where they are mainly used as taxis.

## Culture

In spite of the touristic attraction towards these antique vehicles, cars in Cuba are, perhaps, one of the most culturally stimulating aspects in this country. Vintage American cars still live at the heart of Havana, where they are mainly used as taxis. As a renowned tourist city, Havana's car industry highly depends on the profits that come from tourists who spend $20-$30 on taxi rides to get the full “vintage-car experience”.
# Stavros Avramidis

Stavros Avramidis (born in Kavala, Greece, in 1958) is a Greek Canadian wood scientist and professor at the University of British Columbia in Canada, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) and president of the International Academy of Wood Science for the period 2023-2026.

## First years and education

Avramidis was born in Kavala, Greece, on April 6, 1958, and grew up in Thessaloniki. He attended the Department of Forestry at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and received his university degree in 1981. Following that, he pursued research-based postgraduate (1982-1983) (M.S. in the area of composite products) and doctoral studies (1983-1986) in the United States at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, in the area of biopolymer physics under the guidance of John F. Siau.

## Academic career

Avramidis began his academic career in 1987 in Canada at the University of British Columbia as an assistant professor at Department of Wood Science in the Faculty of Forestry. He was appointed associate professor in 1993 and full professor in 1998. Avramidis served as the Head of the UBC Department of Wood Science for two consecutive terms, from 2016 to the present.
Avramidis's research team has presented research work on the physical and drying properties of wood. His applied research addresses practical issues in the Canadian wood industry related to energy optimization and upgrading production methods, using acoustic, electrical, and optical techniques, as well as radio wave methods, simulation, and artificial intelligence.

## Research work and recognition

Avramidis along with his colleagues have authored over 250 scientific articles, more than 100 industrial studies, and his research work has received almost 3,000 citations in the Scopus database, until July 2024.
In 2012, Avramidis was selected as a member of the editorial board of the journal, Wood Material Science and Engineering. He has been a member of the editorial boards of Holzforschung, Drying Technology, Wood Research, European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, Maderas. Ciencia y tecnologia and Drying Technology.
In 2020, his name was included in the Mendeley Data, published in the journal Plos Biology for the international impact of his yearlong research in wood drying.
In 2022, Avramidis received the Ternryd Award 2022 from the Swedish Linnaeus Academy Research Foundation for his research in wood science.
In June 2023, Avramidis was elected as the president of the International Academy of Wood Science, for the years 2023–2026. In October 2023, a referred metaresearch conducted by John Ioannidis and his team at Stanford University, included Avramidis in Elsevier Data 2022, where he was placed at the top 2% of researchers in the area of wood physics.
In August 2024, Avramidis has acquired the same international distinction for his research work in wood science (Elsevier Data 2023; career data).
# Pine Canyon, Utah

Pine Canyon, also known as Lincoln, is a township in Tooele County, Utah, United States. It was established in 1876 at the mouth of Pine Canyon, which is what gave the community its name. A post office was also established in the town.
# Sphaleractis epiclysta

Sphaleractis epiclysta is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1920. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales and Tasmania.
The wingspan is 9–11 mm. The forewings are fuscous suffusedly sprinkled with dark fuscous and with the costa from one-third to near the apex suffused with white mixed with dark fuscous sprinkles. The second discal stigma is dark fuscous. The hindwings are light grey.
# Thubway Tham's Baggage Check

"Thubway Tham's Baggage Check" is a short story written by Johnston McCulley. It first appeared in Detective Story Magazine on March 25, 1919.
# Tigor County

Tigor County is an administrative area in Terekeka State, South Sudan.
# Wakeman River

The Wakeman River is a river in the western Pacific Ranges on the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, flowing south into Wakeman Sound, which is a sidewater of Kingcome Inlet.
Alalco Indian Reserve No. 8 is at the mouth of the river, on its west shore. To its south, on the shore of Wakeman Sound, is Dug-da-myse Indian Reserve No. 12, and to the south of that is another Indian reserve, Kyidagwis Indian Reserve No. 2.

## Name origin

Like Wakeman Sound, the river was named by Captain Pender for William Plowden Wakeman, a clear at the Esquimalt Royal Navy Dockyard from 1866 to 1872. Wakeman had arrived from England on the SS Tynemouth on September 17, 1862, and died in the naval hospital at Esquimalt in 1872.