OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Edward Gibbs

William Edward Gibbs (1890 – 18 January 1934) was the second Ramsay Memorial Professor of Chemical Engineering at University College London. He was the second head of the department replacing the first, E. C. Williams.

## Career

Gibbs completed his graduation at the University of Liverpool taking his first post with the Straits Trading Company in Singapore as an Assistant Chemist. He returned to the University of Liverpool as a lecturer in Metallurgy, where he researched the issue of the recovery of tin from the waste material by using electro chemical recovery. He was also made an investigator with the Corrosion Committee at the Institute of Metals.
During the First World War, Gibbs held the post of chief examiner of the Aeronautical Inspection Department, before becoming the chief chemist at the Royal Navy's rolling mill at Weston, Southampton. At the end of the war, he was appointed the chief chemist at the Salt Union, where he gained great experience in the methods and problems of evaporation and crystallisation.
In 1924, Gibbs gave the general name aerosol to the dispers systems in air. See in this context Clouds and Smokes, page 8.
In 1928, Gibbs was appointed as the successor to E. C. Williams, as Ramsay professor for chemical engineering at University College, London. Due to his predecessor's fund raising activities with British chemical companies, the university was planning a large expansion of the department, which Gibbs designed and carried out, concluding with the opening of the new Ramsey Laboratory in 1932. In 1930, Gibbs was an expert witness in the case of United Lamp Black Works vs. Greenwich Borough Council.

## Death

In January 1934, Gibbs died suddenly at the age of 44. He was replaced as the Ramsay professor by H. E. Watson.

## Publications

* Gibbs, William E. (1924): Clouds and Smokes. The properties of disperse systems in gases and their practical applications.
# William G. Holt

William G. Holt II is a retired United States Air Force major general who last served as the vice commander of the Air University from 2021 to 2023. He most recently served as the director for operations, training, and force development of the United States Space Command. Previously, he was the director of the joint space operations development for the same combatant command. He also served as the special assistant to the commander of the Air Force Special Operations Command. In February 2021, he was assigned to replace Major General Brad M. Sullivan as vice commander of the Air University.
# William Henry Lowe

Dr William Henry Lowe FRSE PRCPE (1815–1900) was a Scottish physician and amateur botanist. He served as president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 1873 to 1875. He was president of the Royal Medical Society and the Botanical Society of London.

## Life

William Henry Lowe was born on 1 April 1815.
He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh gaining his doctorate in 1840. He then became Resident Physician at the Saughtonhall Institute for the Insane in western Edinburgh. He later set up as a GP in the Balgreen district of Edinburgh.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1849, his proposer being Thomas Anderson. In 1851 he was elected a member of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh. In 1860 he was elected a member of the Aesculapian Club.
He retired to Wimbledon in 1875 and died at home, Woodcote in Wimbledon Park, London on 26 August 1900.
He is buried with his wife in Warriston Cemetery in Edinburgh. The grave lies in the central area just north of the vaults.
# William Assheton Eardley-Wilmot

Sir William Assheton Eardley-Wilmot, 3rd Baronet (16 May 1841, London - 12 April 1896) was a British Army officer, most notable for his time as Deputy Assistant Adjutant General in Ireland from 1879 to 1882. His regiment was the Northumberland Fusiliers.
He was the second child and eldest son of Sir John Eardley-Wilmot, 2nd Baronet and succeeded him in the baronetcy on his death in 1892. William was educated at Charterhouse School from 1853 to 1859 and then at Balliol College, Oxford. He married Mary Russell, daughter of David Watts Russell, on 12 December 1876. They had five children, including his successor John and the Royal Navy officer Frederick Neville Eardley-Wilmot.
# William Mathers House

The William Mathers House, on Kentucky Route 36 in Nicholas County, Kentucky near Carlisle, was started in 1812. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
It includes elements of Greek Revival and Federal architecture.
It was started in 1812 by William Mathers as a two-room four-bay Federal-style brick building, with brick laid in Flemish bond. The bricks were fired on site, using clay brought about 10 miles from Pleasant Valley.
Around 1858 a two-story Greek Revival section, also using Flemish bond masonry, was added by William Mathers' son Barton W. Mathers. Around 1920 a Colonial Revival porch was added over the entrance to this section.
# William Mitchell (Royal Navy officer)

Vice-Admiral Sir William Mitchell KCB (c. 1745 – 7 March 1816) was an officer of the British Royal Navy during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Mitchell is best known for rising from humble origins to high rank, having joined the Navy in 1766 as an able seaman and died in 1816 as a vice-admiral. His service was highly varied, including a circumnavigation of the world, command of a ship at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797 and a period as Sir James Saumarez's flag captain. He was also rumoured to have once been flogged round the fleet for desertion, although no firm evidence of this has been discovered.

## Life

Nothing is known of William Mitchell's birth, youth or childhood, other than that he must have been born in either 1745 or 1746 as his age at his death was reported to be 70. The first time that he appears in the historical record is in 1766, when he joined the Royal Navy ship HMS Dolphin under Captain Samuel Wallis. As he was already rated as an able seaman, it is likely that he was already experienced at sea, and he remained on board Dolphin during Wallis' circumnavigation of the world between 1766 and 1768. He then disappears from Navy records, not reappearing again until July 1777, when he reenlisted on HMS Hector during the American Revolutionary War. As an experienced seaman, he was able to secure a promotion to master's mate and midshipman, transferring to HMS Victory and then in 1781 to HMS Foudroyant as an acting lieutenant.
In November 1781 he went before a Navy board and was confirmed in the rank of lieutenant. In 1790, after the Peace of Paris, Mitchell was promoted to post captain and in 1792 took command of the 14-gun HMS Pigmy, moving to HMS Adamant and then HMS Isis two year later. Mitchell remained in command of Isis for the next six years, and saw action at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797, defeating the much larger Dutch ship Gelijkheid.
In 1800, Mitchell moved to HMS Resolution and then in 1803 to HMS Zealand, the flagship of Admiral Sir James Saumarez. By 1807, Mitchell had been returned to shore service, commanding the sea fencibles at Shoreham-by-Sea. In 1808 he was promoted to rear-admiral and continued to rise through the ranks during his years on shore, becoming a vice-admiral in 1813 and being made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath shortly before his death at Camberwell in Surrey on 7 March 1816. Many years after his death, Sir John Ross wrote of him that he had "risen to the rank of rear-admiral by his good conduct, after having been flogged round the fleet for desertion". This claim, which has never been backed up by firm evidence, may be accurate given the odd disappearance of Mitchell from Navy records between 1768 and 1777.
# William Howarth

William Howarth (November 26, 1940 – June 6, 2023) was an American writer and professor emeritus at Princeton University. He published fourteen books and also wrote for such national periodicals as National Geographic, Smithsonian, The Washington Post, The New York Times, and The American Scholar.
Howarth was born in Minneapolis and grew up in Springfield, Illinois, where his father Nelson Howarth was a progressive, civil-rights mayor. William Howarth received a B.A. from the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana and an M.A. and Ph.D. in English from the University of Virginia.
Howarth taught at Princeton from 1966, offering over 60 undergraduate and graduate courses, from "Moby-Dick Unbound" to "Race and Place" and "Darwin in our Time." In 1968 he helped create Princeton's program in Afro-American studies. His teaching has spanned English, American Studies, Environmental Studies, the Center for the Study of Religion, the Davis Center for Historical Studies, and the Freshman Seminars. He advised 100 Ph.D. dissertations and 256 senior theses, and won numerous university awards for research, teaching, and alumni education.
Howarth began his career as a specialist in American literary manuscripts and textual criticism, and in 1972 he became editor in chief of The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau. In 1974-75 he served as 21st president of the Thoreau Society. He published eight books on Thoreau, covering his studies of maps, landscapes, and North American travels. His account of Thoreau as writer, The Book of Concord, is the first critical history of Thoreau's two-million-word Journal.
Howarth later expanded his studies in literary nonfiction to include the fields of autobiography, journalism, trans-Atlantic romanticism, and the literature of place and travel. His critical anthology, The John McPhee Reader, is the first study of John McPhee as literary artist, and it remains a standard text in journalism history.
Howarth was a founding member of the Princeton Environmental Institute and among the earliest scholars to define and explore the field of literary ecocriticism. His essay "Some Principles of Ecocriticism" describes the origins and evolution of this field from early work in ecology, ethics, language, criticism, geography, natural and social sciences, history, literature, American studies, and media. He long served on the editorial boards of Environmental History, Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, and was chairman of the board for The Center for American Places.
His first venture into fiction, the historical novel Deep Creek, written with Anne Matthews under the joint pen name Dana Hand, was selected by the Washington Post as one of the best novels of 2010.
Howarth died on June 6, 2023, at the age of 82.
# William Howard Winterbotham

Sir William Howard Winterbotham (13 December 1843 – 24 January 1926) was a British solicitor. He was Official Solicitor to the Supreme Court from 1895 to 1919. He was knighted in 1919.
# William Priestly MacIntosh

William Priestly MacIntosh (1857 – 9 January 1930) was a sculptor in Sydney, Australia. His works often decorated significant public buildings in Sydney, Brisbane, Canberra and major provincial centres. Many of them are now heritage-listed.

## Early life

MacIntosh was born near Ayr in Scotland in 1857 and died in Sydney in 1930. Before immigrating to New South Wales in 1880, he studied anatomy and sculpture in Edinburgh. By 1896 MacIntosh was "executing every kind of sculpture", working from a yard in Hereford Street, Forest Lodge. He was still actively working at the time of his death at his residence and studio in Kogarah.

## Works

   Description of George Street group
   Standing upon a raised pedestal in the centre is a female figure lightly draped in flowing robes, representing the "Guardian Genius of the City", with the symbol of Wisdom in one hand and Justice in the other. She is crowned with the civic crown and waratah wreath. At her feet is a shield bearing the city crest. On her right is seated a semi-nude, muscular, male figure, representing Labor and Industry, with the appropriate symbols, viz., wheat, a ram, fruit, and a beehive, grouped round him. On her left is a corresponding male figure representing Commerce and Exchange. A ship in full sail is shown on his left. A bag of money its in one of his hands, and the ledger book in the other. Both figures are wreathed with olive, the symbol of Peace.
   Description of York Street group
   The central figure, a vigorous youth representing civilisation holds aloft the torch to better guide science and the arts and crafts represented by two beautiful semi-nude girls. Science has a compass and is checking some facts stated on a scroll she holds in her left hand. She is in deep thought in fine contrast to her sister representing Arts And Crafts who is looking with a welcoming and pleading look as if she is asking you to permit her to picture you.
His works include:
* Lands Department building, Sydney (1890–1891)
* Sydney Technical College, Sydney (1891)
* Queen Victoria Building, Sydney (1898–1899)
* Land Administration Building, Brisbane (1903–1904)
* Boer War Memorial, Allora, Queensland (1904)
* Queensland Government Printing Office, Brisbane (1910)
* Australian Mutual Provident Society head office, Sydney (1912)
* Commonwealth Bank building, Sydney (1916)
* Family Services Building, Brisbane (1920)
* Old Parliament House, Canberra (1926)
# William the Englishman

William the Englishman (active from 1174, died circa 1214) was an English architect and stonemason. He completed the work done on Canterbury Cathedral in England by the French architect William of Sens, after the latter was badly injured in a fall from scaffolding on the cathedral.
He is commemorated on the Albert Memorial in London as part of the Frieze of Parnassus, a pantheon of great architects and artists from history.
# William the Detective

William - The Detective is a book in the Just William series written by Richmal Crompton. Modern editions contain ten stories; it originally contained eleven: In a (for the series) rare example of moral panic, the eleventh, entitled "William and the Nasties" has been removed from reprints of the book since 1986 because, though ultimately anti-Nazi, it was considered inappropriate after the atrocities of the Holocaust, especially for a book aimed at children. William and the League of Perfect Love has also been removed from some editions under pressure from the animal-rights activists it satirises..

## The stories

* William and the Campers
* William the Invisible – William swears he can discover the secret of invisibility, but finds the task more difficult than he had expected.
* William the Conspirator – The Outlaws start a campaign for Free Speech.
* William the Rat Lover – William starts a sanctuary for the protection of rats and even has a Rat Fortnight. But when his costume for Miss Chesterfield's Children's Animal Fete is ruined, they help him without knowing it.
* William and the Tablet
* William and the League of Perfect Love
* Waste Paper Wanted – William and Ginger believe they have accidentally given away an important manuscript belonging to Robert's intellectual friend Ward.
* William the Persian
* William and the Monster
* A Present from William
Removed story: William and the Nasties (originally in sixth position) – William and his friends attempt (unsuccessfully) to imitate Nazi stormtroopers by driving a Jewish shopkeeper from his business. ("Nasties" is William's mispronunciation of "Nazis".)
* Children's literature portal
* This article about a collection of short stories for children published in the 1930s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# William Irwin (Unionist politician)

William Irwin is a Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) politician, serving as a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLA) for Newry and Armagh since 2007. Irwin is the DUP's Spokesperson for Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

## Background

Irwin entered politics after his son, Philip, drowned in a swimming pool, and he met DUP founder, Ian Paisley. "He was only 15. Dr Paisley came and prayed with us and offered great support.
Irwin first stood for election on Armagh City and District Council in 2001, unsuccessfully contesting The Orchard DEA. He was elected to the District in 2005, and was later re-elected in 2011.
He was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly at the 2007 Assembly election, as an MLA for Newry and Armagh.
Irwin stood in the Newry and Armagh constituency at both the 2017 and 2019 General Elections, finishing second on each occasion with 24.6% and 21.7% of the vote respectively.
Outside of politics, Irwin is a local dairy farmer.
# Williams Township, Wayne County, Missouri

Williams Township is an inactive township in Wayne County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Williams Township was erected in 1872, taking its name from William Williams, a pioneer citizen.
# Williams v. North Carolina

Williams v. North Carolina may refer to:
* Williams v. North Carolina, 317 U.S. 287 (1942), also known as Williams v. North Carolina I
* Williams v. North Carolina, 325 U.S. 226 (1945), also known as Williams v. North Carolina II
# William Pinner

William Gladstone Pinner (26 September 1877 – 6 July 1944) was an English cricketer. Pinner's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Wednesbury, Staffordshire.
Pinner made his debut for Northamptonshire in the 1900 Minor Counties Championship against the Surrey Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Northamptonshire from 1900 to 1904, making thirteen appearances in what was a competitive and successful Northamptonshire side. Northamptonshire were granted first-class status for the 1905 season and were admitted to the County Championship. Pinner later made a single first-class appearance for the county against Lancashire in the 1908 County Championship. In this match, he scored 2 not out in Northamptonshire's first-innings, while in their second-innings he was dismissed for 24 by Harry Dean.
He died at the town of his birth on 6 July 1944.
# Win-initiative

WIN-Initiative is an independent stock photography company that licenses images based on global youth culture. Founded in 2007 by photographer Hans Neleman, WIN, which stands for Worldwide Image Navigation, licenses images from its community of photographers from around the world. Essentially functioning as a collective, WIN Scouts are located in 22 countries. These Scouts assist in finding and retaining new talent, as well as being the liaison with the WIN headquarters team in SoHo, New York City.

## Overview

Photographer and WIN founder Hans Neleman has stated that he began the company when he started acquiring imagery from photographers he would meet during his travels. To ensure a certain level of quality, and to empower young photographers, Neleman would often leave cameras, lighting equipment and other gear with his local Scouts, who would then serve to distribute and recollect the equipment.
WIN, a rights managed company, then licenses these images through its Website and its partnerships with stock photography companies like Getty Images and Corbis. WIN's library offers youth-culture centric images. The company's Website promotes its images as "authentic, provocative and inspiring" and the company has marketed itself as the "alternative stock photography" agency.
The company launched a quarterly, online magazine, WINk in 2009, of which there have been four issues: Debut, The Light Issue, Provocative and Collaboration. Additionally, WIN has also launched an international photography competition, 10 BEST 10, as well as an app for the iPhone and iPad, iD Release, that enables digital signatures to be obtained on actor, model, extra and property releases. WIN also hosts a conversational lecture party, Take 5ive, based on the dada movement.

## Articles

* About The Image: WIN's 10 Best 10
* Photocrew Article on 10 Best 10, 2009
* Resource Magazine Blog, 2009
# Wincenty Potocki

Wincenty Potocki was a Polish general, statesman and magnate. He was the royal court chamberlain from 1773 to 1794 and a lieutenant general from 1773. He was awarded the Order of Saint Stanislaus and the Order of the White Eagle He was married to Urszula Zamoyska and then later to Hélène Massalska.
# Witwen, Wisconsin

Witwen is an populated place in the town of Troy, Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. Witwen is located on County Highway E 8.4 miles (13.5 km) west of Sauk City.
The community was named for G. and J. P. Witwen, the operators of a local mill.
# Witwatersrand Command

The Witwatersrand Command was a Command of the South African Army. It was one of the ten regional commands, which, with the Walvis Bay Military Area, made up the Territorial Force.

## History
### Origin

Based in Johannesburg, it was responsible for the security of the region, forming the primary level of command for military operations in support of the Police. It also provided logistic, administrative and service support to units and formations operating in its area of responsibility.
When 6th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment SAA became operational in 1966 with its headquarters at Brakpan, it was originally administratively responsible to Headquarters Witwatersrand Command, but was later transferred to I South African Corps.
In 1987, the command headquarters installation was the target of a bomb by Umkhonto we Sizwe operative Hein Grosskopf.

### Amalgamation with Northern Transvaal Command into Gauteng Command
## Groups and Commando Units
### Group 16 (Marievale)

* Delmas Commando
* Nigel Commando
* Springs Commando

### Group 17 (Midvaal)

* Iscor Commando
* Krugersdorp Commando
* Meyerton Commando
* Vaal Commando
* Vanderbijl Park Commando
* Vereeniging Commando

### Group 18 (Doornkop)

* East Park Commando
* Gatsrand Commando
* Johannesburg East Commando
* Johannesburg West Commando
* Randburg Commando
* Roodepoort Commando
* Wemmerpan Commando
* West Rand Commando

### Group 41 (Primrose)

* Atlas Commando
* Benoni Commando
* Brakpan Commando
* Boksburg Commando
* Germiston Commando
* Kempton Park Commando

### Group 42 (Lenz)

* Alberton Commando
* Edenvale Commando
* Modderfontein Commando
* Sandton Commando

## Leadership

Leadership of Wits Command :
| From | Commanding Officers | To |
| 1936 | Major-General Christoffel Venter CB DFC & bar | 1936 |
| c. 1939 | Lt Col Charlie Ross | 8 October 2024 |
| c. 1945 | Maj Gen Bertram Frank Armstrong | 8 October 2024 |
| August 1940 | Lt Col William E.C. Tanner | October 1940 |
| 1974 | Brigadier G.W. Germishuizen | 8 October 2024 |
| 1987 | Brigadier Joffel van der Westhuizen | 8 October 2024 |
| From | Command Sgts Major | To |
# Withdrawal of United States troops

Withdrawal of United States troops may refer to:
* Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan
* Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq