OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chavchavadze

The House of Chavchavadze (Georgian: ჭავჭავაძე) is a Georgian noble family, formerly a princely one (tavadi), later incorporated into the Russian nobility, also with the title of Prince.

## History

The family is first attested in the 15th century, during the reign of Alexander I of Georgia. By the time of Leon of Kakheti they appear in the province of Kakheti (1529, according to Prince Ioann of Georgia), where they produced two lines: one in Telavi and Tsinandali; another in Qvareli and Shildi. Both these lines were elevated to a princely dignity under the kings Erekle I (1680s) and Constantine II (1726), respectively.
The Chavchavadze family, with its head Prince Garsevan, came to much prominence under the king Erekle II later in the 18th century, and continued to play an important role in Georgia during the Imperial Russian rule. They were confirmed in their rank by the Tsar’s decrees of 1825, 1828, 1829, and 1850.
On 4 July 1853, a small party under Ghazi Muhammad (the son of Murid leader, Imam Shamil) kidnapped Prince Chavchavadze's wife Anna and his sister-in-law, Princess Varvara Orbeliani, together with their children and some others. The princess was exchanged for Shamil's son, Jamalu'd-din and 40,000 roubles on 10 March 1855.

## Notable members

* Garsevan Chavchavadze, Georgian politician and diplomat
* Alexander Chavchavadze, Georgian writer and military figure
* Nino Chavchavadze, Georgian noble
* Ilia Chavchavadze, Georgian poet and Father of the Nation
* David Chavchavadze, American writer
* Princess Nina Georgievna of Russia, Russian princess
# Sue Willie Seltzer

Sue Willie Seltzer (1922–2010) was an American artist. She is associated with the Gee's Bend quilting collective. Her work has been exhibited at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston and the National Gallery of Art, and is included in the collection of the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

## Life

Sue Willie Seltzer and her three siblings were raised by a single mother. Her mother needed the children to help support the family, so the children often went to Orrville to pick cotton for white families or their mother's brothers and sisters. Seltzer and her brother, being the oldest, were required to pick at least one hundred pounds of cotton per day. Being that Orrville was a twelve-mile walk away, or half a day's walk, this work would need to be completed very quickly.
Seltzer had at least one son, Benjamin, who married the former Boykin Postmaster, Bettie Bendolph Seltzer. Bettie Bendolph Seltzer was also a member of the Gee's Bend quilting collective and daughter of fellow quilt maker Annie Bendolph.

## Work

Seltzer began quilting later in life than some other members of the Gee's Bend quilting collective. In a 2002 interview, she recalled starting to quilt with the collective when she was thirty or forty years old. She learned by watching her peers join together and make quilts for one another. A true improvisational artist, Seltzer often borrowed other people's blocks, to piece together into one quilt. She would also take apart pillow-case sewing kits and use those materials for her quilts. She preferred large blocks and bold contrasts to small, meticulous pieces.

## Exhibitions

* The Quilts of Gee's Bend. 21 Nov. 2022- 9 Mar. 2003. Whitney Museum of American Art. New York, NY.
* The Quilts of Gee's Bend. 14 June 2003- 31 Aug. 2003. Mobile Museum of Art. Mobile, AL.
* Called to Create: Black Artists of the American South. 18 Sept. 2022- 26 Mar. 2023. National Gallery of Art. Washington, DC.
# Proteinase inhibitors in plants

In plant biology, proteinase inhibitors are a family of small proteins that serve an integral role in the plant’s defense mechanisms against herbivory from insects or microorganisms that may compromise the integrity of the plant.

## Functionality

The proteinase inhibitors work to disrupt the enzymatic ability of the digestive or microbial enzymes that are present in the stomach of the attacker resulting in the inability to properly digest the plant material. This causes an interference of proper growth and discourages further wounding of the plant by the attacker. Studies have also recently revealed that some proteinase inhibitors also provide defense for the plant through the possession of antimicrobial properties providing for the inhibition of pathogen growth.

## Wounding

While proteinase inhibitors are present in plants naturally, production of these proteins for defense is often induced by either wounding of the plant or by chemical signaling through molecules such as methyl jasmonate. Both wounding of the plant as well as signaling molecules result in the formation of jasmonic acid, which then induces the gene expression of proteinase inhibitors. Many other signal cascades as well as the translocation of signal molecules through the phloem and xylem of the plant are also necessary for the production of these inhibitors.
Once the proteinase inhibitor has been ingested by the insect, it presents itself as a normal substrate for the digestive enzymes binding to the active site on the enzyme. This binding of the inhibitor to the proteinase creates a new complex that is very unlikely to dissociate. Once bound, the active site can no longer be accessed by any other substrate and the enzyme can no longer digest the amino acids of the plant. Without proper digestion, the insect is unable to grow, and may starve if it chooses to remain at the wounded plant. Similar inhibition of growth can be seen in pathogens that interact with these inhibitors.

## Tomato experiment

In order to discover how the production of the inhibitors was induced, scientists exposed tomato plants to different forms of methyl jasmonate and then assayed using radial immunodiffusion for proteinase inhibitors in leaf juices. A group of tomato plants was sprayed with a solution containing methyl jasmonate, while another group of tomato plants was exposed to methyl jasmonate vapor in air-tight glass chambers. Control groups were sprayed with a solution or exposed to a vapor that did not contain methyl jasmonate. Both experimental groups revealed increased proteinase inhibitor production as a result of exposure to volatile methyl jasmonate in comparison to control groups.

## Defense behavior

The production of proteinase inhibitors reveals that plants have the ability to alter their defense behavior in response to a threat or direct attack on plant integrity. This complex defense mechanism serves to not only protect the plant from being eaten, but also from pathogen infection requiring both coordination and communication.
# Swimming at the 1986 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 100 metre freestyle

The women's 100 metre freestyle event at the 1986 World Aquatics Championships took place 17 August.

## Results
### Heats

| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time |
| 1 | Jenna Johnson | United States | 55.58 |
| 2 | Kristin Otto | East Germany | 55.88 |
| 3 | Tamara Costache | Romania | 56.25 |
| 4 | Conny van Bentum | Netherlands | 56.36 |
| 5 | Manuela Stellmach | East Germany | 56.61 |
| 6 | Mary T. Meagher | United States | 56.70 |
| 7 | Annemarie Verstappen | Netherlands | 56.82 |
| 8 | Iris Zscherpe | West Germany | 56.85 |
| 9 | Sophie Kamoun | France | 56.93 |
| 10 | Karin Seick | West Germany | 57.15 |
| 11 | Silvia Poll | Costa Rica | 57.19 |
| 12 | Yelena Dendeberova | Soviet Union | 57.50 |
| 13 | Romana Frydlova | Czechoslovakia | 57.64 |
| 14 | Agneta Eriksson | Sweden | 57.74 |
| 15 | Silvia Persi | Italy | 57.96 |
| 16 | Marie-Thérèse Armentero | Switzerland | 58.00 |
| 17 | Virginia Sachero | Argentina | 58.18 |
| 18 | Edit Ormos | Hungary | 58.18 |
| 19 | Jane Kerr | Canada | 58.26 |
| 20 | Sibylle Spati | Switzerland | 58.34 |
| 21 | Eva Nyberg | Sweden | 58.42 |
| 22 | Inna Abramova | Soviet Union | 58.52 |
| 23 | Pamela Rai | Canada | 58.72 |
| 24 | Evita Paraskevopoulou | Greece | 59.06 |
| 25 | Maija Airas | Finland | 59.09 |
| 26 | Pernille Nimb | Denmark | 59.12 |
| 27 | Tiitta Latosuo | Finland | 59.27 |
| 28 | Caroline Cooper | United Kingdom | 59.45 |
| 29 | Fiona Mclay | New Zealand | 59.57 |
| 30 | Imma Tarrago | Spain | 59.71 |
| 31 | Nancy Engelen | Belgium | 59.74 |
| 32 | Ana C Rios | Puerto Rico | 59.82 |
| 33 | Karen Dieffenthaler | Trinidad and Tobago | 59.92 |
| 34 | Alicia Cordero | Spain | 59.98 |
| 35 | Anne Eriksen | Norway | 1:00.07 |
| 36 | Adriana Pereira | Brazil | 1:00.18 |
| 37 | Bente Rist | Norway | 1:00.44 |
| 38 | Ding Jilian | China | 1:00.58 |
| 39 | Marion Madine | Ireland | 1:01.19 |
| 40 | Debby Frochtengarten | Brazil | 1:01.27 |
| 41 | Carolina Mauri | Costa Rica | 1:01.45 |
| 42 | Nancy Kemp-Arendt | Luxembourg | 1:01.66 |
| 43 | Chang Hui-chien | Chinese Taipei | 1:01.89 |
| 44 | Yinghong Chen | China | 1:02.16 |
| 45 | Rita Garay | Puerto Rico | 1:02.99 |
| 46 | Lee-Yu Lan | Chinese Taipei | 1:03.83 |
| 47 | Beatriz Vilalta | Dominican Republic | 1:06.21 |

### Finals
#### Final B

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| 9 | Karin Seick | West Germany | 56.98 |
| 10 | Silvia Poll | Costa Rica | 57.11 |
| 11 | Yelena Dendeberova | Soviet Union | 57.15 |
| 12 | Sophie Kamoun | France | 57.28 |
| 13 | Marie-Thérèse Armentero | Switzerland | 57.37 |
| 14 | Silvia Persi | Italy | 57.62 |
| 15 | Romana Frydlova | Czechoslovakia | 58.03 |
| 16 | Agneta Eriksson | Sweden | 58.57 |

#### Final A

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Kristin Otto | East Germany | 55.05 |
| | Jenna Johnson | United States | 55.70 |
| | Conny van Bentum | Netherlands | 55.79 |
| 4 | Manuela Stellmach | East Germany | 55.86 |
| 5 | Tamara Costache | Romania | 56.03 |
| 6 | Mary T. Meagher | United States | 56.33 |
| 7 | Iris Zscherpe | West Germany | 56.95 |
| 8 | Annemarie Verstappen | Netherlands | 57.01 |
# Sarnia Zwola

Sarnia Zwola is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Waśniów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Waśniów, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and 39 km (24 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
# Zoysa

Zoysa or de Zoysa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* A. P. de Zoysa (1890–1968), Sri Lankan social reformer
* Arthur de Zoysa, Ceylonese statesman
* Cyril de Zoysa (1896–1978), Sri Lankan industrialist
* Dinesh de Zoysa (born 1977), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Felix R. de Zoysa, Sri Lankan businessman
* Francis de Zoysa, Sri Lankan lawyer
* Louis de Zoysa, English convicted murderer
* Maduranga Zoysa (born 1984), Sri Lankan cricketer
* M. P. de Zoysa, Sri Lankan politician
* Nuwan Zoysa (born 1978), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Richard de Zoysa (1958–1990), Sri Lankan journalist
* Stanley de Zoysa, Sri Lankan politician
* Sydney de Zoysa (1909–1994), Sri Lankan police officer
# Samuel Anderson Architects

Samuel Anderson Architects is a New York-based architecture firm specializing in institutional art projects. SAA has completed designs for numerous museum clients throughout the United States.

## History

Samuel Anderson Architects was founded in 1993 as a successor to Anderson Kastner Architects. Anderson graduated cum laude from Harvard University in 1975. After a fellowship at Sussex University, he received his professional architecture degree from Cooper Union. He then began his career at Smith-Miller and Hawkinson Architects in New York, moving on to Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects in 1987. While at the latter firm, he oversaw construction of the Stevenson Dining and Social Center (now known as the Stevenson Event Center) at Oberlin College and the Busch-Reisinger Museum's Fine Arts Library at his alma mater Harvard University. He is, also, an adjunct professor at his other alma mater, Cooper Union, where he teaches building technology and studio design courses.
# Jimmy Shields (curler)

James Allen Shields (1929 - July 16, 1996) was a Canadian curler and race horse owner.
He is a 1968 World Men's champion and a 1968 Brier champion.
Shields grew up in Sceptre, Saskatchewan, where he was a star baseball player, and was inducted into the Saskatchewan Baseball Hall of Fame. While in Saskatchewan, he attended the University of Saskatchewan. He began curling at the age of 12 and moved to Calgary in the 1950s, where he worked for Sun Oil's land department, and would later start up Nordic Oil. Shields was also an owner of race horses and formed Canada West Ranches with fellow curlers Ron Northcott and Barry Naimark, plus friends Al MacDonald and Eric Bishop. In 1979, Shields won the Sovereign Award for Outstanding Owner. He is a member of the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame.
Shields was married to Joan and had four children, Lorie, Richard, Randy and David. He died of cancer.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Events |
| 1955–56 | Jimmy Shields | Moe Seaman | David Faibish | Dunc Cran | |
| 1959–60 | Stu Beagle | Jim Shields | Ron Baker | Fred Storey | Alta. 1960 Brier 1960 |
| 1962–63 | Jim Shields | Ron Northcott | Ron Baker | Fred Storey | Alta. 1963 Brier 1963 |
| 1965–66 | Jimmy Shields | Ray Kingsmith | Fred Storey | Jack Hunter | |
| 1967–68 | Ron Northcott | Jimmy Shields | Bernie Sparkes | Fred Storey | Brier 1968 WCC 1968 |
# Sue Wise

Sue Wise (born 1953) is a feminist author, Professor of Social Justice and Director of Study for BA (Hons) Social Work at Lancaster University, UK.
After having received a social science degree at Manchester Polytechnic, Sue Wise worked as a political activist for several years. In the 1970s and 1980s she was deeply involved in the Women's Movement and the Lesbian and Gay Movement, mainly in Manchester. She is also a social worker having experience in the voluntary and statutory sectors in both residential and field work, mainly working with children and families.
Since 1989, Wise teaches Social Justice at Lancaster University. She is currently focusing on the Social Work programs and doing research studies in experiences of UK lesbian, gay, and bisexual young people. She is also involved in a current project that is looking at the historical and present-day experiences of South African children, with particular reference to the AIDS pandemic and the emergence of child-headed households.
Apart from these projects, Wise continues to publish on feminist theory and particularly on feminist research methodology. Together with Liz Stanley, she has published several books and articles on social, feminist and gender topics.

## List of publications

* (with Liz Stanley) Breaking out: feminist consciousness and feminist research (1982)
* (with Liz Stanley) Men and sex: a case study in 'sexual sexual politics' (1984)
* Becoming a feminist social worker (1985)
* (with Liz Stanley) Georgie Porgie: sexual harassment in everyday life (1987)
* Doing feminist social work: an annotated bibliography and an introductory essay (1988)
* Child abuse: the NSPCC version (1991)
* (with Liz Stanley) Breaking out again: feminist ontology and epistemology (1993)
# Owendoher River

The Owendoher River (Irish: An Dothra Bheag, i.e. "The Little Dodder") is a small river in southern County Dublin, Ireland, the largest tributary of the River Dodder, and a part of the River Liffey system.

## Course

The Owendoher rises in two main branches. The larger branch flows from Glendoo / Glencullen valley, and meets the second, in turn formed from two streams, one sometimes called Kilakee Stream, from the slopes of Killakee Mountain, and the other Glendoo Stream, from west of Glendoo Mountain. The two branches merge near Rockbrook Cemetery, along with another small stream from Woodbrook and Piperstown, and the Owendoher flows north to Ballyboden, and on to Rathfarnham, receiving the Whitechurch Stream.
The Owendoher joins the River Dodder south of Bushy Park near the former settlement of Butterfield, just south west of Rathfarnham village.
There were historically a number of mills on the Owendoher and its tributaries; none now operate.

### Bridges

As the Owendoher now passes, in its lower reaches, through heavily developed areas, it features many bridges - from where the river joins with the River Dodder to its source in the south:
* Road bridge - Dodder View Road - R112
* Road bridge - Butterfield Avenue - R114
* Pedestrian bridge - Glenbrook Park to Willbrook Road
* Service road bridge - Otterbrook housing development
* Pedestrian bridge - Fairbrook Lawn to Willbrook Road
* Road bridge - Fairbrook Lawn to Willbrook Road/Ballyboden Road
* Service road bridge (gated) - beside Boden Wood housing development to Ballyboden Road
* Service road bridge - Boden Wood housing development to Ballyboden Road
* Service road bridge - Edenbrook Court housing development to Ballyboden Road
* Pedestrian bridge - Willowbank Drive to Ballyboden Road
* Road bridge - Ballyroan Road to Ballyboden Road - R817
* Abandoned bridge
* Service road bridge - Hillside Park housing development to Ballyboden Road
* Service road bridge - Owendoher Lodge housing development to Ballyboden Road
* Service road bridge - Private residence
* Service road bridge - Owendoher Haven housing development to Ballyboden Road
* Road bridge - Ballyboden Way to Taylors Lane/Ballyboden Road - R113
* Road bridge - Scholarstown Road to Ballyboden Road - R115
* Service road bridge - Springvale housing development to Edmonstown Road
* Pedestrian bridge - Springvale housing development to Edmonstown Road
* Pedestrian bridge (wooden) - Crossing at old clothes mill
* Pedestrian bridge (wooden) - 2nd crossing at old clothes mill
* Road bridge - M50
* Service road bridge - Private residence
* Service road bridge - Edmonstown national school to Edmonstown Road
* Road bridge - Edmonstown Road - R116
* Service road bridge - Kilmashogue Cemetery
* Service road bridge - Private residence
* Road bridge - Tibradden Road
* Road bridge - Cruagh Road (lower end) - R116
* Road bridge - Cruagh Road (upper end) - R116
* Road bridge - Pine Forest Road - R116
# Çamgazi Dam

Çamgazi Dam is a dam in Adıyaman, Turkey. The development was backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works. Construction began in 1990, and finished in 1999. The dam is still in use.
# Team Malaysia

Team Malaysia was a Dota 2 eSports team based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Team Malaysia may also refer to any of a number of sports team representing Malaysia in international competition:

## National teams

Association football
* Malaysia national football team
* Malaysia women's national football team
Badminton
* Malaysia national badminton team
Baseball
* Malaysia national baseball team
Basketball
* Malaysia national basketball team
* Malaysia women's national basketball team
Beach soccer
* Malaysia national beach soccer team
Cricket
* Malaysia national cricket team
* Malaysia women's national cricket team
Field hockey
* Malaysia men's national field hockey team
* Malaysia women's national field hockey team
Futsal
* Malaysia national futsal team
Ice hockey
* Malaysia men's national ice hockey team
* Malaysia women's national ice hockey team
Kabaddi
* Malaysia national kabaddi team
Netball
* Malaysia national netball team
Rugby union
* Malaysia national rugby union team
* Malaysia women's national rugby union team
* Malaysia national rugby sevens team (Sevens)
Squash
* Malaysia men's national squash team
* Malaysia women's national squash team
Tennis
* Malaysia Davis Cup team
* Malaysia Fed Cup team
Volleyball
* Malaysia women's national volleyball team
# San Giovanni Battista, Avola

San Giovanni Battista is a Baroque style church located on Piazza Trieste, where it intersects with Corso Vittorio Emanuele, in the town of Avola, province of Siracusa, region of Sicily, Italy.

## History and description

Construction of a church at the site took place from 1700 to 1744. It was refurbished in 1772 and reconsecrated in 1852. The facade remains unfinished. The interior has Neoclassical pilasters. The central nave is frescoed with scenes of the life of the titular saint, John the Baptist, by Gregorio Scalia. He also painted altarpieces in the lateral aisles. The main altarpiece is an 18th-century depicting the Baptism of Christ. There are also five canvases with the history of St Corrado. The wooden icon of the same saint was sculpted by Raffaele Abbate in 1874. The organ was built in 1866 by Sebastiano Calcerano Platania from Acireale.
# Zythiostroma

Zythiostroma is a genus of canker fungus in the family Nectriaceae. The two or three species in the genus, which are anamorphs of the genus Nectria, have been found in Europe and Java.

## Taxonomy

The type species Zythiostroma mougeotii was originally described as Sphaeria mougeotii by Elias Magnus Fries in 1828, but was later called Sphaeronaemella mougeotii by Italian mycologist Pier Andrea Saccardo in 1884.
The teleomorph forms of Z. pinastri and Z. mougeotti are Nectria cucurbicula and N. sinopica, respectively.

## Description

The mycelium produced by Zythiostroma species is branched, contains septa (partitions that divide cells into compartments), and is pale brown to translucent hyaline. The conidiomata (structures that bear conidia) start their development below the level of the cortex, but eventually appear on the surface, and may be either separate or aggregated. Their shape can be spherical to depressed in the center, although they may collapse irregularly. Conidiomata are red, with irregularly shaped and convoluted compartments. There is a single opening (ostiole) on top of the conidiomata that is circular, and shaped like a pimple. The conidiophores (specialized stalks that hold up the conidiomata) are septate, branched irregularly, cylindrical, tapered to the apices, hyaline, smooth, and formed from the inner wall of the locules. The conidia are acropleurogenous, meaning they develop at the tips and sides of the conidiomata. They are also hyaline, aseptate (without partitions), straight or slightly curved, thin-walled, and do not contain oil droplets.

## Distribution and phytopathology

One species has decimated populations of the rare plant Banksia verticillata at Waychinicup National Park east of Albany in Western Australia. One has also been associated with uncommon but severe cankers on Eucalyptus obliqua in Tasmania. Zythiostroma mougeotii has been found associated with Rosaceae species in eastern Westphalia, Germany. The species Z. pinastrum was one of several fungal pathogens found growing on the shoots of the common yew (Taxus baccata) in the Botanical Garden in Kraków in Poland.

## Bioactive compounds

An unidentified Zythiostroma species, isolated from an aspen, was shown to produce the diterpenoid compounds zythiostromic acid A, zythiostromic acid B, and zythiostromolid when grown in liquid culture. These chemicals have what is known as a cleistanthane skeleton, a structure previously only reported from plant sources. The Zythiostroma species from which the compounds were isolated has antifungal effects against the growth of the blue stain fungus Ophiostroma crassivaginatum.
# Sugar Bush, Outagamie County, Wisconsin

Sugar Bush is an unincorporated community located entirely within the town of Maple Creek in northwest Outagamie County, Wisconsin, United States. Sugar Bush is classified as a Class U6 Community by the USGS, being a populated place located wholly or substantially outside the boundaries of any incorporated place or CDP with a recognized authoritative common name.
Sugar Bush is located 6 miles (9.7 km) north of New London, 10 miles (16 km) south of Clintonville and 40 miles (64 km) west of Green Bay.
Postal service is provided by the New London post office, ZIP code 54961.

## History

The Sugar Bush post office operated from 1858 until 1972. The community was named from a grove of sugar maples near the town site.

## Geography

Sugar Bush is located at 44°28′54″N 88°44′9″W﻿ / ﻿44.48167°N 88.73583°W﻿ / 44.48167; -88.73583 (44.4816467, -88.7359322), and the elevation is 830 feet (250 m).

## Education

The School District of New London operates an elementary school in Sugar Bush.

## Transportation

Sugar Bush is located on Outagamie County Highway WW, immediately east of U.S. Highway 45, a major north-south corridor in the State of Wisconsin, and just west of Outagamie County Highway D.