OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Snow Hill tunnel (Birmingham)

Snow Hill Tunnel is a railway tunnel underneath Birmingham city-centre. It runs for 635 yards (580 metres), linking Birmingham Moor Street station at its southern end, with Birmingham Snow Hill station at its northern end. It is a vital link in the cross-city Snow Hill Lines.

## History

The tunnel was opened in 1852 by the Great Western Railway as part of its London Paddington to Birkenhead Woodside main line. It was built using the cut and cover method as far as Temple Row, and then a deep cutting to Snow Hill. In 1872 the cutting from Temple Row to Snow Hill was roofed over and the Great Western Arcade built on top.

### Bank of England siding

At the Snow Hill end of the tunnel, a short siding existed within the tunnel, alongside which was an underground entrance to the Birmingham branch of the Bank of England. The siding was used to transport cash and bullion by train to and from the bank, a facility which was last used in the mid-1960s. The bank entrance is now sealed up.

### Bottleneck

As traffic into Snow Hill station grew, the twin tracked tunnel became a capacity bottleneck. This proved to be a problem when Snow Hill station was rebuilt and expanded in the 1900s. It was not economically feasible to widen the tunnel, as this would have required demolition of prime city-centre buildings whose foundations impeded construction. The capacity problem was therefore solved by building Moor Street station as a terminus at the southern end of the tunnel, in order to allow local trains from the south to terminate there instead of Snow Hill.

### Closure and reopening

Snow Hill station was run down and closed under the Beeching axe in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Services south from Snow Hill were ended in 1968, and the tunnel was closed to all traffic. The last train passed through on 2 March 1968. Trains from the north continued into Snow Hill until the station was closed in 1972.
Having been derelict for over 19 years, the tunnel was reopened in 1987, when a new station at Snow Hill was built. Also, Moor Street station at the southern end of the tunnel was re-sited, with two new through platforms built adjacent to the tunnel mouth. These replaced the previous terminus platforms which were then closed once the tunnel was reopened. Shortly before it opened to traffic, a charity walk through the tunnel took place, where members of the public were allowed to walk through the tunnel, from Moor Street to Snow Hill, in return for a donation to charity. The tunnel was officially reopened on 5 October 1987, along with the new Snow Hill and Moor Street stations.
The growth in traffic into Snow Hill meant that the old capacity bottleneck problem resurfaced. This led to the reopening of two of the terminus platforms at Moor Street in 2010, allowing some Chiltern Railways expresses to terminate there instead of Snow Hill.

## Coordinates

| Point | Coordinates |
| Northern portal | 52°28′59″N 1°53′54″W﻿ / ﻿52.482917°N 1.898458°W﻿ / 52.482917; -1.898458﻿ (Northern portal) |
| Southern portal | 52°28′45″N 1°53′33″W﻿ / ﻿52.479113°N 1.892516°W﻿ / 52.479113; -1.892516﻿ (Southern portal) |
# Torodora parafuscoptera

Torodora parafuscoptera is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by H.S. Rose and Prakesh C. Pathania in 2003. It is found in north-western India.
# Utvik

Utvik is a village in Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the southern shore of the Nordfjorden. The village lies about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) southwest of the village of Innvik and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Byrkjelo (in Gloppen Municipality). Utvik Church is located in this village. Historically, the village was an important trading post and ferry port with a regular route across the fjord. The ferry was stopped in 1936 when the new road was completed along the Nordfjorden connecting Utvik to the village of Stryn.
# Uropyxidaceae

The Uropyxidaceae are a family of rust fungi in the order Pucciniales. The family contains 15 genera and 149 species.

## Genera

* Dasyspora
* Didymopsorella
* Dipyxis
* Kimuromyces
* Leucotelium
* Macruropyxis
* Mimema
* Ochropsora
* Phragmopyxis
* Poliomopsis
* Porotenus
* Prospodium
* Sorataea
* Tranzschelia
* Uropyxis
# Urorectal septum

The urorectal septum is an invagination of the cloaca. It divides it into a dorsal part (the hindgut) and a ventral part (the urogenital sinus). It invaginates from cranial to caudal, formed from the endodermal cloaca, and fuses with the cloacal membrane. Malformations can cause fistulas.

## Structure

The urorectal septum is an embryonic structure formed from an invagination of the cloaca. The urorectal septum divides the cloaca into two parts:
* a dorsal part, forming part of the hindgut, which forms the rectum and the anus.
* a ventral part, forming the urogenital sinus, which forms the allantois, which becomes the urinary bladder.
The urorectal septum becomes part of the perineal body, helping to form the perineum.

### Development

The urorectal septum develops from cranial to caudal, and is flat in the coronal plane. It is formed from endoderm, the same germ layer as the cloaca. It fuses with the cloacal membrane.

## Clinical significance
### Urorectal septum malformation

Malformation of the urorectal septum can lead to several different types of fistulas.

#### Classification

In women, at least five different types of fistula are possible. All of these involve the fusion of the urogenital sinus and the end of the hindgut, causing the rectum to end in the vagina. This may be associated with the uterus in the normal position, posterior to the hindgut, or bicornuate.
In men, at least three different types of fistula are possible. The hindgut may enter and preserve the urogenital sinus after birth. The hindgut may replace the urogenital sinus completely, in which case it may also replace the urinary bladder and cause the ureters to drain into it.

#### Prognosis

Urorectal septum malformation is associated with a number of other birth defects, including spina bifida, deafness, sacral hypoplasia, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, and limb musculoskeletal disorders. Mainly because of these associations, up to 20% of children born with urorectal septum malformation may not survive long-term. Outcomes from corrective surgery on a urorectal septum fistula are very good.
# Vaaste

"Vaaste" is a Hindi song composed by Tanishk Bagchi with lyrics by Arafat Mehmood, performed by Dhvani Bhanushali and Nikhil D'Souza.
The song was released by T-Series on 6 April 2019 and produced by Bhushan Kumar. Its music video was directed by Radhika Rao and Vinay Sapru.

## Reception

The song became popular within days of its release, and Dhvani Bhanushali claimed that it had had over 50 million views on YouTube in a week. It had been viewed 115 million times on YouTube by the end of April 2019.
It was declared the 10th most liked music video worldwide on YouTube for 2019 and was also featured in YouTube Rewind 2019.
# Uzunova, Ardahan

Uzunova is a village in the Ardahan District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. Its population is 30 (2021).
# Ojos de Agua, El Salvador

Ojos de Agua is a municipality in the Chalatenango department of El Salvador. It is about 1700 feet (or about 1.1 kilometers) from the border of Honduras and El Salvador, which is formed by the Rio Sumpul.
The name "Ojos de Agua" translates from Spanish to "Water Eyes."
* This El Salvador location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sky Dream Fukuoka

Sky Dream Fukuoka (Japanese: スカイドリームフクオカ) was a 120-metre-tall giant Ferris wheel in the city of Fukuoka, Japan, operating from December 2001 until September 2009. It was 120 metres (390 ft) tall, making it the tallest Ferris wheel in Japan during its years of operation. It was located in the Evergreen Marinoa (Japanese: エバーグリーンマリノア) entertainment facility adjacent to the Marinoa City Fukuoka mall, which itself features a smaller, 58-metre-tall ferris wheel.
The gondolas were all air conditioned and accessible for wheelchair-users. One full rotation took approximately 20 minutes.
Sky Dream Fukuoka was built to renew the infrastructure in Fukuoka with an attempt to develop the cultural tourism industry in the city. Promoting Sky Dream Fukuoka as one of the tallest Ferris wheels in Japan, Fukuoka sought to gain profound growth in its regional economy through revenue generated from tourism. When the Ferris wheel was newly opened for visitors, Sky Dream Fukuoka achieved a fair amount of popularity as a landmark and tourist attraction.
Sky Dream Fukuoka eventually faced financial challenges soon after, where visitors have declined over time. The Sky Dream Fukuoka initially gained popularity over their slow pacing of the wheel rotation, where Sky Dream Fukuoka advertised the slow pacing of the Ferris wheel as a selling point that provides a longer amount of time for visitors to observe the landscape and spend time with their loved ones inside the capsule. However, the following selling feature didn’t appeal to their customers as more Ferris wheels from Western countries adopted more thrilling & fast-paced Ferris wheels that have risen in popularity. Moreover, because the Ferris wheel was big, it required expensive maintenance work to keep the Sky Dream Fukuoka in operation. But as the passenger numbers of Sky Dream Fukuoka were declining over time, generating enough revenue to fulfill the maintenance cost & profit was predicted to be unviable. Therefore, the Evergreen Group (owner of the Sky Dream Fukuoka) has decided to close the Sky Dream Fukuoka permanently.
Sky Dream Fukuoka closed on 26 September 2009. It was subsequently sold to a Taiwanese company for rebuilding at Lihpao Land in Taiwan. Dismantling work commenced in 2010, although work was disrupted in July 2011 when supports failed, causing two cranes involved in dismantling to topple over, injuring one workman and damaging four cars.
# Nusser Island

Nusser Island (65°43′S 65°43′W﻿ / ﻿65.717°S 65.717°W﻿ / -65.717; -65.717) is an island 1.5 nautical miles (2.8km) north of Laktionov Island, off the east side of Renaud Island in the Biscoe Islands. The island was first accurately shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957. It was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 for Franz Nusser, an Austrian meteorologist who specialized in sea ice studies.[citation needed]
# Nussensee

Nussensee is a lake in Upper Austria. It is located at Bad Ischl in the Salzkammergut. It has an area of approximately 10 hectares (25 acres) and a maximum depth of 14.7 m (48 ft). The Nussensee is about 600 m (2,000 ft) long and up to 250 m (820 ft) wide. It is fed almost entirely by underground springs and is subject to fluctuations in level of several metres. This helps support rare plants such as the common water chestnut (Trapa natans) grow near the lake.
# The Who's Tommy Orchestral

The Who's Tommy Orchestral is a live album by English rock singer Roger Daltrey, performing The Who's 1969 album Tommy alongside members of The Who touring band and a symphony orchestra conducted by Keith Levenson. It was recorded in July 2018 in Bethel, New York, at the site of the original Woodstock festival, during a US tour of the concert. Later, in February 2019, Levenson directed and recorded the Budapest Scoring Orchestra in Budapest with new arrangements from David Campbell, to add a new orchestral backing to the album.
The album was released by Polydor on 14 June 2019 to mark the 50th anniversary of the original recording, as a vinyl 2-LP set and a single CD. The track list presents the original studio album almost exactly, with the only changes being it missing "Underture", and a slightly different order. According to Daltrey "[the album is] played as a structured piece of music that is written and respected just as we respect the great composers of the past". The cover was designed by Richard Evans.

## Track listing

All songs written by Pete Townshend, except where noted.

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| US Top Classical Albums (Billboard) | 1 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 100 |

## Personnel
### Band

* Roger Daltrey – vocals, producer
* Simon Townshend – guitar, vocals
* Frank Simes – guitar, background vocal
* Jon Button – bass, background vocal
* Loren Gold – keyboards, background vocal
* Scott Devours – drums
* David Campbell – arranger
* Keith Levenson – conductor, producer
* Budapest Scoring Orchestra – orchestra

### Technical

* Gareth Johnson – mixing
* Richard Whittaker – mixing, additional production
* Richard Evans – sleeve design
* Andrew Bannister – label design
# Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae

Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae, previously known as Clostridium thermocopriae is a bacterium belonging to the Bacillota.
# Thetford ware

Thetford ware is a type of English medieval pottery mass-produced in Britain between the late ninth and mid twelfth centuries AD. Manufactured in Norfolk and Ipswich, Suffolk, the pottery has a hard, sandy fabric, and is generally grey in colour. Most vessel types include cooking pots, bowls, jars, pitchers, and lamps.

## Description

Thetford ware is a wheel-turned, mass-produced pottery having a hard, sandy fabric. Fabric colours vary from light to dark grey, and less frequently brownish-orange and buff. There are five types of forms manufactured: cooking pots, storage jars, bowls, pitchers and lamps. The cooking-pots were made in three sizes, with medium being the most commonly produced. The lamps were mostly a type of tall pedestal with hollow bases. Decoration was either unadorned or limited to applied-thumb strip decoration, several styles of rouletting, and incised bands. Rouletting is a process of carving patterns on pottery with a small toothed wheel. Rouletting decoration consisted of diamond and square shapes along with a mixture of diamonds and triangles.

## History

The pottery was named for the first Thetford ware discovered in the village of Thetford, Norfolk. Archaeologists have determined that the first Thetford-type ware manufactured was in the village of Ipswich, Suffolk around 850 AD. Thetford potters first produced the wares around 925 AD. The pottery was produced and distributed throughout East Anglia from the late ninth though the mid twelfth centuries AD. Along with Thetford and Ipswich, the pottery was produced in Norwich, Bircham, Grimston, and Langhale, all in Norfolk. The pottery can be found throughout eastern England, as far south as London and as far north as Lincolnshire. Thetford ware has been discovered outside of Britain, in Scandinavia.
# Thesprotia caribea

Thesprotia caribea, the Caribbean grass mantis, is a species of praying mantis found in Antigua and Jamaica.
# Thesprotia (mantis)

Thesprotia is a genus of mantises commonly known as grass mantis. They are native to the Americas and are represented by the following species:
* Thesprotia brasiliensis (Brazilian grass mantis)
* Thesprotia brevis
* Thesprotia caribea (Caribbean grass mantis)
* Thesprotia filum
* Thesprotia fuscipennis
* Thesprotia gigas
* Thesprotia graminis (American grass mantis)
* Thesprotia infumata
* Thesprotia insolita
* Thesprotia macilenta
* Thesprotia maculata
* Thesprotia pellucida
* Thesprotia simplex
* Thesprotia subhyalina
# Thesprotia brasiliensis

Thesprotia brasiliensis, the Brazilian grass mantis, is a species of mantis native to Brazil.
# Nāgadāsaka

Nāgadāsaka was the last ruler of Haryanka dynasty from 437 to 413 BCE and son of Munda. He murdered his father and ruled for twenty-four years. The people deposed him and made Shishunaga king in his place. Shishunaga was the founder of Shishunaga dynasty.
According to Buddhist tradition, he was the last of Haryanka rulers who was replaced by his amatya (minister), Shishunaga.
# O. maximus

O. maximus may refer to:
* Ornithorhynchus maximus, a supposed extinct platypus species, now known to be based on an echidna
* Otomys maximus, the large Vlei rat, a rodent species found in Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia and Zambia
# O. occidentalis

O. occidentalis may refer to:
* Onychorhynchus occidentalis, the Pacific royal flycatcher, a bird species found in Ecuador and Peru
* Osmorhiza occidentalis, the western sweetroot, a flowering plant species native to much of western North America
# Thevetin

Thevetins are a group of poisonous cardiac glycosides. They are obtained especially from the seeds of a West Indian shrub or small tree (Cascabela thevetia syn. Thevetia nereifolia) of the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). Hydrolysis products include glucose, digitalose, and a sterol.
* Thevetin A (C$_{42}$H$_{64}$O$_{19}$)
* Thevetin B (C$_{42}$H$_{66}$O$_{18}$)
# ODF (disambiguation)

ODF is the OpenDocument format, a standard for electronic office documents.
ODF may also refer to:

## Computing

* OpenDocument Foundation, a defunct organization which had some interest in OpenDocument and alternative formats
* Optical distribution frame, a distribution frame device to terminate optical fiber cables

## Other uses

* Oregon Department of Forestry, a government agency in the U.S.
* Ombudsman for the Defence Forces, independent investigative military body in Ireland
* Open defecation free, a state of a village or community which has basic sanitation
* Operation Deep Freeze, a series of U.S. missions in Antarctica
* Orientation distribution function, in material science, a mathematical function for determining texture
* Osteoclast differentiation factor, in molecular biology, a signaling protein
* Open Dialogue Foundation, a human rights NGO in Poland
# O'Connor Justice Prize

The O'Connor Justice Prize, named for former United States Supreme Court justice Sandra Day O’Connor, was established in 2014 to raise visibility for rule-of-law initiatives; recognize people who have made extraordinary contributions to advancing the rule of law, justice, and human rights; and to honor O'Connor's legacy.
A group led by former Arizona Supreme Court Justice Ruth McGregor, who served as a law clerk for O'Connor from 1981 to 1982, developed the prize to honor O'Connor's legacy. The prize is administered by the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law at Arizona State University.

## Honorees

* 2014: Navanethem "Navi" Pillay, United Nations high commissioner for human rights
* 2016: Ana Palacio, member of the Council of State of Spain and former senior vice president and general counsel of the World Bank Group
* 2017: Jimmy Carter, 39th president of the United States
* 2018: Anson Chan, former chief secretary for administration for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
* 2019: F. W. de Klerk, former president of South Africa
* 2020: Nadia Murad, Yazidi human rights activist
* 2021: Elizabeth Odio Benito, former president of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
* 2023: Louise Arbour, former United Nations high commissioner for human rights and former justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
* 2024: Rangina Hamidi, former minister of education of Afghanistan
# OR2T6

Olfactory receptor 2T6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR2T6 gene.
Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.
# OPUSAT-II

OPUSAT-II (COSPAR 1998-067SG, SATCAT 47930) was a CubeSat developed by Osaka Prefecture University and Muroran Institute of Technology. OPUSAT-II was launched from Wallops Flight Facility on 20 February 2021, and was deployed from the International Space Station. The satellite was nicknamed HIROGARI, for a Japanese word meaning spread, or expand.

## Spacecraft

The satellite's satellite bus was based on the design of Osaka Prefecture University's previous satellite, OPUSAT, which was launched in 2014. OPUSAT-II had a design life of five and a half months.

## Mission

OPUSAT-II had two main missions. The first mission was to demonstrate high-speed data transmission in amateur radio band. According to the project's website, the satellite communication system's design and the results of the experiment would be made public.
The second mission was a deployment of a large folded structure. A deployable plastic plate was stored inside the satellite, based on Miura fold. The folding method that was tested in this mission took into account the thickness of the plate, unlike the traditional Miura fold. The satellite would optically measure the deployment using a pair of cameras. The team proposes applying this folding method on space-based solar power in the future.
OPUSAT-II decayed from orbit on 15 April 2022.
# Ursa Major Cluster

The Ursa Major Cluster (Ursa Major I Cluster, UMa I ClG) is a spiral-rich galaxy cluster of the Virgo Supercluster.
Some of its largest members are NGC 3631, NGC 3953, M109 on North (M109 Group) and NGC 3726, NGC 3938, NGC 4051 on South.
The Ursa Major cluster is located at a distance of 18.6 megaparsecs (60 million light-years) and contains about 30% of the light emitted but only 5% of the mass of the nearby Virgo Cluster.
# VH

VH or Vh may refer to:

## Transportation

* VH, Australian aircraft registration prefix
* VH, a series of the Chrysler Valiant automobile
* Aston Martin VH platform, a sports car automobile platform
* Holden Commodore (VH), an automobile introduced by Holden in 1981
* Nissan VH engine, built by Nissan Motor Corporation from 1989 to 2001
* Viva Air Colombia (former IATA code: VH), a former airline

## Other uses

* V H Group, an Indian diversified company
* Van Halen, an American hard rock band
# Vailate

Vailate (Cremasco: Aliàt) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Milan and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Cremona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,299 and an area of 9.8 square kilometres (3.8 sq mi).
Vailate borders the following municipalities: Agnadello, Arzago d'Adda, Calvenzano, Capralba, Misano di Gera d'Adda, Torlino Vimercati.
# Vajrakarur

Vajrakarur is a village in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Vajrakarur mandal in Anantapur revenue division.
This village was under the rule of Pemmasani Nayaks. A fort was constructed by Pemmasani Timma Naidu who had developed this village significantly and attracted many visitors during Vijayanagar times.

## Geography

It is located at15°01′00″N 77°23′00″E﻿ / ﻿15.0167°N 77.3833°E﻿ / 15.0167; 77.3833. It has an average elevation of 447 metres (1469 ft). This is a major panchayati with a population of 7482.

## Demographics

According to Indian census, 2001, the demographic details of Vajrakarur mandal is as follows:
* Total Population: 7482
* Male Population: 3815 and Female Population: 3667

## Panchayats

The following is the list of village panchayats in Vajrakarur mandal. 1. Vajrakarur 2. Ganjikunta 3. Thatrakal 4. NNP Thanda 5. VPP Thanda 6. Venkatam palli 7. J Rampuram 8. Kamalapadu 9. Gulyapalyam 10. Konakondla 11. Chayapuram 12. Hothur 13. Pyapily 14. PC kotha kota 15. Kadamalakunta 16. Ragulapadu 17. Pottipadu 18. Pandikunta 18.Bodisanipalli Thanda