OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lead cycle

The lead cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of lead through the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, which has been influenced by anthropogenic activities.

## Natural lead sources

Lead (Pb) is a heavy trace element and is formed by the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium. In crustal rocks, it is present as the lead sulfide mineral galena. Natural sources of lead in the lead cycle include wind borne dust, volcanic outgassing, and forest fires. Natural weathering of rocks by physical and chemical agents can mobilize lead in soils. Mobilized lead can react to form oxides or carbonates. It can co-precipitate with other minerals by being occluded through surface adsorption and complexation

## Anthropogenic lead cycle

Anthropogenic activities have accelerated lead mobilization to the environment. The majority of anthropogenic lead comes from non-ferrous metal manufacturing plants, mining and smelting of ores, stationary and mobile fossil fuel combustion platforms, and lead batteries. These activities produce very fine micron-sized Pb particles that can be transported as aerosols. Anthropogenic lead fluxes decreased from the 1980s to the 2000s as a result of global regulation and outlawing of leaded gasoline. However, the global production in lead has seen a steady rise in the 21st century.

## Lead accumulation in the ocean

Wet deposition removes lead from the atmosphere to the surface ocean. Precipitation leads to solubilization of aerosols and washout of particulates. Pb concentrations in the oceans is dependent on wet deposition and the concentration of Pb present in atmosphere. The main sink for lead is burial in marine sediments

## Lead in drinking water

Lead is highly regulated in drinking water because it affects the developing brain and the nervous system. Children are more prone to lead exposure because they absorb more of ingested Pb from gastrointestinal tracts. Environmental Protection Agency established the Lead and Copper rule (LCR) in 1991 which states that lead and copper concentrations should not exceed 15 ppb and 1.3 ppm in more than 10% of customer taps sampled. In spite of such regulations, lead was found to be in high concentration exceeding the LCR threshold in Flint, Michigan drinking water. The problem was exacerbated when the drinking water supply was switched to Flint river rather than the treated water from Lake Huron and Detroit river. The water was corrosive which caused the dissolution of lead from water pipes. The preventive measure in such cases is to add phosphate to control the mobilization of lead by formation of protective scales.
# Onocephala thomsoni

Onocephala thomsoni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1946. It is known from Brazil.
# Royal Victoria Regiment

The Royal Victoria Regiment is an Infantry Regiment of the Australian Army, consisting of two battalions, the 5th/6th Battalion and the 8th/7th Battalion.

## History

The Regiment was formed in 1960 as a result of the amalgamation of all the Citizen Military Forces infantry battalions in Victoria. The regiment was formed in 1960 as the Victoria Regiment as part of the reorganisation of the Australian Army by the amalgamation of the six existing infantry regiments in Victoria:
* Victorian Scottish Regiment
* Royal Melbourne Regiment
* Melbourne Rifles
* North Western Victorian Regiment
* The Northern Victorian Regiment
* Hume Regiment
The regiment, renamed as the Royal Victoria Regiment in 1960, was initially formed of two battalions. In 1965. this was increased to four battalions, plus a single independent rifle company. A further reorganisation in the 1970s saw these battalions further amalgamated into the existing regimental structure. Currently the 5th/6th Battalion recruits mainly from the areas in and around the city of Melbourne, while the 8th/7th Battalion is responsible for the wider rural areas in Victoria.

## Pipes and Drums

Formed in 1899 as part of the Victorian Scottish Regiment, the 5/6RVR Pipes and Drums is now the band for all battalions of the Royal Victoria Regiment. Some members of 5/6 RVR Pipes and Drums are serving Army Reservists from 5th/6th Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment, other members are derived from other Army Reserve units / parts of the Australian Defence Force, and selected guest players.

## Alliances
### 5th/6th Battalion, The Royal Victoria Regiment

* United Kingdom - The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers - via the 6th Battalion (The Royal Melbourne Regiment)
* United Kingdom - The Gordon Highlanders - via the 5th Battalion (The Victorian Scottish Regiment)
* Canada - The Lake Superior Scottish Regiment - via the 58th/32nd Battalion
* Canada - The Toronto Scottish Regiment - via Gordon Alliance
* Canada - 48th Highlanders of Canada - via Gordon Alliance
* South Africa - Cape Town Highlanders Regiment - via Gordon Alliance

### 8th/7th Battalion, The Royal Victoria Regiment

* United Kingdom - The Mercian Regiment
* Canada - The Royal Regiment of Canada
# Warren Kozak

Warren Kozak (born 1951) is an American journalist and author. He has written for, among others, The Wall Street Journal and the New York Sun. He was an on-air reporter at National Public Radio and wrote for television network anchors including Ted Koppel, Charles Gibson, Diane Sawyer and Aaron Brown.

## Personal life and education

Warren Kozak was born and raised in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he attended public schools, graduating from John Marshall High School. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1973 with a degree in Political Science. He now lives in New York with his family.

## Writing career

Kozak is the author of The Rabbi of 84th Street, a biography of Haskel Besser, which chronicles the Hasidic world of pre-World War II Poland, its destruction and its post-War rebirth. It was published by HarperCollins in 2004.
His second book, LeMay: The Life and Wars of General Curtis LeMay was released in 2009. In October 2010, he delivered the Exemplar keynote address at the United States Air Force Academy on the occasion of the selection of Curtis LeMay as the Exemplar of the Class of 2013. He has also lectured at West Point.

## Publications

* The Rabbi of 84th Street: The Extraordinary Life of Haskel Besser, HarperCollins, 2004, ISBN 006051101X
* LeMay: The Life and Wars of General Curtis LeMay, Regnery, 2009, ISBN 9781596985698 OCLC 316327125
* Presidential Courage: Three Speeches That Changed America, 2012.

## Prizes

Kozak was awarded the Benton Fellowship at the University of Chicago in 1993.
# Wolfsburg (disambiguation)

Wolfsburg is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany
Wolfsburg may also refer to:
* Wolfsburg Castle, in the city of Wolfsburg
* Wolfsburg (film), film
* Wolfsburg AG, a German company headquartered in Wolfsburg
* Wolfsburg-Unkeroda, a former municipality in the Wartburgkreis district of Thuringia, Germany
* VfL Wolfsburg, an association football team based in the German city of the same name
# Watuppa Branch

The Watuppa Branch (also called the North Dartmouth Industrial Track, and formerly the Fall River Branch) is a roughly six-mile freight railroad line in southeastern Massachusetts. The track originates at Mount Pleasant Junction, where it diverges from the New Bedford Secondary, and runs through Dartmouth before terminating in north Westport. The line is owned by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation and is operated by Massachusetts Coastal Railroad, which purchased operating rights from the previous operator, Bay Colony Railroad, in late 2023. The abandoned western portion of the right-of-way is used by the Quequechan River Rail Trail.

## Route

The Watuppa Branch originates in New Bedford, where it diverges from the New Bedford Secondary and passes beneath Massachusetts Route 140. After traveling through the western portion of downtown New Bedford, the railroad crosses into Dartmouth and travels just north of downtown, passing through the "Dartmouth Business Park II" before crossing into Westport. After crossing the border, the track passes beneath Interstate 195 and continues for just over a mile, until passing beneath Massachusetts Route 88, at which point active trackage ends and only abandoned, disused track remains. The disused track continues for another short distance until it terminates near Watuppa Ponds, at which point the Quequechan River Rail Trail eventually takes over where the track formerly laid.

## History

The Fall River Railroad was chartered in 1874 and opened in 1875 from the New Bedford Railroad at New Bedford to Fall River through the towns of Dartmouth and Westport. The line was built to provide rail access to the mills in the eastern part of Fall River along the Quequechan River valley. The western terminus of the line was Watuppa station at Plymouth Avenue near Front Street. In 1882, the line was leased to the Old Colony Railroad for 99 years; it was sold outright to the Old Colony in 1896. The track between Westport and Fall River was eventually removed; the current track ends shortly after the Massachusetts Route 88 crossing in the town of Westport.
Beginning in 1982, Bay Colony Railroad took over all freight operations on the line. While most of Bay Colony's operations were subsequently taken over by Massachusetts Coastal Railroad in 2007, the Watuppa Branch remained under the operation of Bay Colony. In November 2023, the Massachusetts Coastal indicated it would be purchasing the line and taking over operations. Operations under Massachusetts Coastal began later that year.
In 2008, the first section of the Quequechan Rail Trail opened over a portion of the former Fall River Railroad right-of-way along the shore of South Watuppa Pond east of Brayton Avenue at a cost of $462,000. It was later extended west to Britland Park and Rodman Street. State funding was awarded in 2022 for a 550 feet (170 m) extension east to the Westport town line.
# Remembering John

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Remembering John is a 1991 album by McCoy Tyner released on the Enja label. It was recorded in February 1991 and features performances by Tyner with bassist Avery Sharpe and drummer Aaron Scott paying tribute to John Coltrane. The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow states that "McCoy Tyner still sounds enthusiastic and adventurous performing the timeless music".

## Track listing

* "India" (Coltrane) - 6:57
* "Giant Steps" (Coltrane) - 2:26
* "In Walked Bud" (Monk) - 6:50
* "Like Someone in Love" (Burke, Van Heusen) - 7:40
* "One and Four" (Coltrane) - 5:11
* "Up 'Gainst the Wall" (Coltrane) 7:27
* "Good Morning Heartache" (Drake, Fisher, Higginbotham) - 5:46
* "Pursuance" (Coltrane) - 5:48
* "The Wise One" (Coltrane) - 9:36
   * Recorded at Clinton Recording Studios, New York City, New York, on February 27 & 28, 1991.

## Personnel

* McCoy Tyner - piano
* Avery Sharpe - bass
* Aaron Scott - drums
# Thomasville Historic District

The Thomasville Historic District is a historic district in the city of Thomasville, Alabama, United States. Thomasville was founded in 1888, along the then newly constructed railroad between Mobile and Selma. The city's business district suffered a major fire in 1899, with only one brick building surviving. The historic district features examples of early commercial, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Craftsman, and regional vernacular architecture. The historic district is centered on the old business district and is roughly bounded by U.S. Highway 43, West Front Street, Wilson Street, and West Third Street. It is a part of the Clarke County Multiple Property Submission and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 12, 1999.
# Villasalto

Villasalto, Bidda de Sartu or Bidda de Saltu in sardinian language, is a Comune/Comunu (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Cagliari. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,282 and an area of 130.1 square kilometres (50.2 sq mi).
Villasalto/Biddesatu borders the following municipalities: Armungia, Burcei, Dolianova, San Nicolò Gerrei, San Vito, Sinnai, Villaputzu.
# TTH

TTH may refer to:

## Science and technology

* Tension-type headache
* Tiger-tree hash, a hash tree using the Tiger hash function

## Other uses

* Taylor, Taylor and Hobson, an optics company, later Taylor Hobson
* Team Tvis Holstebro, Danish handball team
* TTh (Tuesdays & Thursdays), a US school scheduling abbreviation
* Thornton Heath railway station (National Rail station code: TTH), London, England
# Onocephala lineola

Onocephala lineola is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1946. It is known from Brazil.
# William Schmedtgen

William Herman Schmedtgen (May 18, 1862 – December 29, 1936) was an American illustrator and painter known as a pioneer in Chicago newspaper illustrating. Born in Chicago, he studied at the Art Institute of Chicago. His first work was with the Chicago Mail in 1883, he then spent two years in St. Louis and New York doing commercial art. He was chief of the art department at the Chicago Record from 1886 to 1901; and later on staff of the Chicago Record-Herald. He was a field artist for the Record during the Spanish–American War, stationed with U.S. troops in Cuba. He died at his home in Wilmette, aged 74.
# Women in Film & Video-DC Women of Vision Awards

Women in Film & Video Women of Vision Award is an annual award by the Women in Film and Television International District of Columbia.

## Recipients

* 2020 Melissa Houghton
* 2017 Julie Dash
* 2016 Christine Vachon
* 2015 Joan Darling, Dawn Porter
* 2013 Penny Marshall
* 2012 Shirin Ghareeb, Agnieszka Holland, Margaret Parsons, Christine Weber
* 2011 Maryanne Culpepper, Cecilia Domeyko, Mickey Green, Laura Possessky
* 2010 Patricia Aufderheide, Grace Guggenheim, Connie Day-McClinton
* 2009 Constance Chatfield-Taylor, Sharon Sloane, Sheila Smith
* 2008 Patty Duke, Heidi Ewing and Rachel Grady, Susan Lacy, Linda Maslow
* 2007 Susie Coelho, Patricia Finneran, Barbara Kopple, Deborah Redmond, Andrea Sims,
* 2006 Diana Ingraham, Beth Mendelson, Laureen Ong, Nina Gilden Seavey, Daphne Maxwell Reid
* 2005 Stephanie Antosca, Jennifer Cortner, Carrie Fisher, Carol Flaisher, Brooke Bailey Johnson,
* 2004 Lynda Carter, Phylis Geller, Jennifer Lawson, Penny Lee, Louise Slaughter
* 2003 Ruby Dee, Amy DeLouise, Ricki Green, Sharon Percy Rockefeller, Carole Simpson
* 2002 Debra L. Lee, Rosemary Reed, Catherine Wyler
* 2001 Jean Picker-Firstenberg, Aviva Kempner, Sharon Stone, Aida Takla-O'Reilly
* 2000 Tipper Gore, Gwen Ifill, Wendie Malick, Judith McHale, Roseanne, Bonnie Nelson Schwartz
* 1999 Sheila Brooks, Tyne Daly, J.C. Hayward, Tippi Hedren, Linda Ross
* 1998 Sandy Cannon-Brown, Linda Ellerbee, Robin Smith, Susan Smith, Mary Steenburgen
* 1997 Ruth Pollak, Renee Poussaint, Cicely Tyson, Marilyn Weiner, Nancy Woodhull
* 1996 Maureen Bunyan, Michal Carr, Lee Grant, Sherry Jones
* 1995 Kathy Bates, Elizabeth Campbell, Judith Dwan Hallet, Ruth Roland, Lesley Stahl
* 1994 Ginny Durrin, Elise Reeder, Nina Rosenblum
# Quebec carbon tax

The Canadian province of Quebec became the first in Canada to introduce a carbon tax. The tax was to be imposed on energy producers starting October 1, 2007, with revenue collected used for energy-efficiency programs including public transit. The tax rate for gasoline in Canadian currency was 0.8 cents per litre, or about $3.50 per tonne of CO $_2$ equivalent. The tax was also applied at 0.9 cents per litre of diesel fuel; 0.96 cents per litre of light heating oil; 1 cent per litre of heavy heating oil; 1.3 cents per litre of coke used in making steel; 0.5 cents per litre of propane; and $8 per tonne of coal. The proceeds were paid into a Green Fund, which will provided the resources for the implementation of the provincial climate change plan. A complete list of measures and details can be found in the official plan (2006-2012): Quebec and Climate Change -- A Challenge for the Future.
Quebec's carbon taxes have increased since the 2007 plan was introduced. As part of an effort to discourage car use, there is a public transportation tax of 3.0 cents per litre in the case of gasoline sold in Montréal and surrounding municipalities. These currency figures are in Canadian dollars.
In Quebec, gasoline, diesel and propane taxes are reduced by varying amounts in certain remote areas and within 20 kilometres of the provincial and U.S. borders.
# Radke

Radke is a German surname and may refer to:
* Alfred Radke (born 1934), German sports shooter
* Bill Radke, American radio talk show host, web video host, author, comedian and columnist
* Brad Radke (born 1972), American Major League Baseball pitcher
* Doug Radke, pastor of the Hermannsburg Lutheran church, Australia, that led the Hermannsburg Choir on tour in 1967
* Hubert Radke (born 1980), Polish professional basketball player
* Lina Radke (1903–1983), German runner
* Olga Radke, musician, wife of Doug Radke, writer of a book about the Hermannsburg Choir tour
* Ronnie Radke (born 1983), American musician, songwriter & producer
* Roy Radke (born 1996), American ice hockey player
* Ted Radke (born 1958), Australian politician
* Trina Radke (born 1970), American competition swimmer
# Remembering Leadbelly

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Penguin Guide to Blues Recordings | |
Remembering Leadbelly is the final studio album Long John Baldry completed in his lifetime. The album serves as a tribute to Baldry's musical hero Lead Belly with songs he either wrote or is known for. The album was released on November 13, 2001 in North America and on August 12, 2002 internationally.

## Track listing

* "Lining Track" - 1:49
* "Gallows Pole" - 2:42
* "Midnight Special" - 3:29
* "Take This Hammer" - 3:28
* "Rock Island Line" - 2:50
* "Good Morning Blues" - 3:45
* "Go Down Old Hannah" - 0:55
* "Birmingham Jail" - 2:52
* "Here Rattler" - 2:14
* "Easy Rider Blues" - 3:09
* "We're In The Same Boat Brother" - 3:33
* "John Hardy" - 2:30
* "Digging My Potatoes" - 3:10
* "On A Christmas Day" - 2:50
* "Mary Don't You Weep" - 2:35
* "We Shall Walk Through The Valley" - 3:42
* "Alan Lomax Interview" - 5:56
* "Long John Baldry Interview" - 6:36

## Personnel

* Long John Baldry - vocals, 12-string guitar
* Kathi McDonald - vocals
* Hans Stamer - vocals, national steel guitar, harmonica, jews harp, trumpet
* Chris Nordquist - drums, hans-on drums, finger cymbals
* John Lee Sanders - piano, organ, keyboard tuba, keyboard accordion, vocals, harmonica & other keyboards
* Andreas Schuld - acoustic guitar, electric guitar, ukulele, Russian zither, e-bow, percussion, claps, foot, national steel, vocals, slide
* Norm Fisher - acc. bass
* Jesse Zubot - fiddle, mandolin, violin
* Butch Coulter - harmonica
* Tom Colclough - clarinet
* Sybel Thrasher - vocals
* Tyee Montessori Elementary School - backing vocals 'On A Christmas Day'.
* Produced by Andreas Schuld for Stony Plain Records
* Executive producer: Holger Peterson
* Recorded at Music Lab Recording, Sebastian and Dolly's Hutch, Skeena's Place, all Vancouver, Canada
* Butch Coulter was recorded at Halve Recording Studios, Hamburg, Germany
* Mastering: Peter Moore, MDI Productions, Toronto
* Bonus track interviews by Holger Peterson
* Special thanks to Alan Lomax for making himself available at the 1993 W.C. Handy Awards in Memphis, Tennessee
# Thyas arcifera

Thyas arcifera is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in eastern Africa, including South Africa.
# Villas Boas

Villas Boas is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* André Villas-Boas (born 1977), Portuguese football manager
* Antônio Vilas Boas, alleged UFO abductee (1934–1991)
* Villas-Bôas brothers, Orlando (1914–2002), Cláudio (1916–1998) and Leonardo Villas-Bôas (1918–1961), Brazilian activists regarding indigenous peoples
* Waldir Villas Boas (1925–2004), Brazilian footballer
# Hawk Racing

Hawk Racing is a motorcycle racing team headquartered in Derbyshire, UK. Founded by Stuart Hicken in 1999, the team is currently headed by Steve Hicken, Stuart's son. The team primarily races modified Honda Fireblade superbikes.
Hawk Racing works closely with Michael Dunlop, a champion Superbike racer from Northern Ireland. Riding a Hawk Racing-modified Honda, Dunlop won the RST Superbike TT event in 2023. The relationship between the Hicken family and the Dunlop family goes back several years to when Stuart and Hawk first became associated with Michael's family of racing champions.
Besides collaborating with Dunlop during the Isle of Man TT, Hawk Racing backs two younger racers, Lee Jackson and Charlie Nesbitt, who compete on the Bennetts British Superbike Championship and EU Superbike circuit under the Hawk Racing banner.
In October 2025, Hawk Racing announced that MasterMac Surfacing would be sponsoring the team for the third consecutive year on the British Superbike circuit.
# Orazio Frezza

Orazio Frezza was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, born and active in Naples,
He was instructed by Giovanni Battista Benaschi. He afterwards studied the works of Giovanni Lanfranco and Domenichino, whom he imitated with some success. He painted for a church in Naples, a Calvary now exhibited in Castel Capuano.
# William Schmidt (Medal of Honor)

William Schmidt (10 July 1845 - 3 June 1905) was a private in the United States Army who was awarded the Presidential Medal of Honor for gallantry during the American Civil War. He was awarded the medal on 9 November 1895 for actions performed on 25 November 1863 at the Battle of Missionary Ridge in Tennessee.

## Personal life

Schmidt was born on 10 July 1845 in Tiffin, Seneca County, Ohio. His home of record was Maumee, Ohio. He died on 3 June 1905 and was buried in Lakewood Cemetery (Section 8, Tier E, Grave 74) in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

## Military service

Schmidt enlisted in the Army as a private on 12 September 1861 in Maumee and was mustered into Company G, 37th Ohio Infantry on the same day. The company mustered into service on 2 October 1861 at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati, Ohio.
During his unit's attack on Confederate positions at Missionary Ridge and while under heavy fire, Schmidt volunteered to rescue drummer John S. Kountz, who later also won a Medal of Honor. Kountz had been shot in the left leg and was lying in the line of fire. Despite Kountz saying "Save yourself. I am a goner anyhow", Schmidt picked him up and carried him to safety. This was the first instance of a Medal of Honor recipient saving another recipient.
Schmidt's Medal of Honor citation reads:
   The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private William Schmidt, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 25 November 1863, while serving with Company G, 37th Ohio Infantry, in action at Missionary Ridge, Tennessee. Private Schmidt rescued a wounded comrade under terrific fire.
# Wax (surname)

Wax is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Amy Wax (born 1953), American law professor
* Carol Wax (born 1953), American artist and author
* Chaim Elozor Wax (1822—89), Polish Hasidic rabbi and scholar
* David Wax, American kidnapper
* Jimmy Wax (born 1912), American rabbi
* Mikey Wax, American pianist, guitarist and singer-songwriter
* Ruby Wax (born 1953), American-born British comedian
* Steven T. Wax (born 1949), American lawyer
# Writeable control store

Writeable control store may refer to
* Writable control store (WCS), memory used to load the operating system of the Amiga 1000
* Writable control store, memory used to store microprograms on machines where the microcode is reloadable