OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yasmine Mathurin

Yasmine Mathurin is a Haitian Canadian filmmaker, most noted for her 2021 film One of Ours. The film was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Feature Length Documentary, and Mathurin was nominated for Best Direction in a Documentary Program and Best Writing in a Documentary Program, at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022.
Mathurin divided her time between Haiti and Montreal in childhood, before moving to Calgary as a teenager. After studying political science at York University in Toronto, she attained a fellowship at the United Nations in 2011, but became disenchanted with the bureaucratic aspects of politics and went back to school to study journalism. She subsequently created The Conversation Project, a web series in which she engaged her friends in conversation about Black Canadian culture and identity, and participated in a talent incubator run by Toronto film studio Refuge Productions to further develop her filmmaking skills. She was a producer of Tai Asks Why, a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation podcast and summer radio series.
In 2023 she won the TIFF-CBC Films Screenwriter Award for her feature film screenplay Sorry Pardon Madame.
# Red-fronted lorikeet

The red-fronted lorikeet (Hypocharmosyna rubronotata), also known as the red-spotted lorikeet or red-rumped lorikeet is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is found in northern New Guinea and the island of Biak. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## Taxonomy

This species was formerly placed in the genus Charmosyna. It was moved to the resurrected genus Hypocharmosyna based on a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2020.
Two subspecies are recognised:
* H. r. rubronotata (Wallace, 1862) – Found on Salawati, the West Papuan Islands, Irian Jaya, and New Guinea.
* H. r. kordoana (Meyer, AB, 1874) – Found on Biak, Geelvink Bay, and Irian Jaya.

## Description

The red-fronted lorikeet is around 17 cm (6.7 in) in length and weighs 30–35 g (1.1–1.2 oz). They are sexually dimorphic and exhibit a large difference in appearance between sexes. The males of rubronotata possess red forecrowns with red bills and orange eyes. They have purple or blue ear coverts which are streaked with a paler blue along with red underwing coverts. They have a yellow-tipped green tail, with the base of side tail feathers being red. The females have green forecrowns with green ear coverts which are streaked with green or yellow. They also have green underwing coverts and red markings on the upper tail coverts. The males of kordoana tend to have larger but paler forecrown along with ear coverts that more bluish than purple. The females look the same as rubronotata. Juveniles look the same as adult females, but juvenile males additionally have red underwing coverts and dark and unstreaked ear covert, a yellow underwing band. They have brown beaks with pale brown eyes.
They make soft, harsh sounds whole in flight. They have also been observed making sharp kss notes.

## Distribution and habitat

The red-fronted lorikeet inhabits northern New Guinea and the island of Biak. It is found in humid forest, forest edges and coconut plantations, and is also occasionally observed in trees and shrubs in open country up to an elevation of 900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level.

## Behaviour and ecology

These parakeets have been observed in small flocks of up to 10 birds flying above the forest. They will feed with other species of lorikeet while feeding on flowers in the canopy.

### Breeding

The breeding season is in July-August. Eggs are laid in clutches of 2. The eggs are 17.0 mm × 13.5 mm (0.67 in × 0.53 in) in size. The eggs have an incubation period of 23 days, and chicks are fledged by the age of 7 weeks.

### Food and feeding

The lorikeets feed on pollen, nectar, flowers and seeds.

## Relationship with humans

The parrots are uncommon pets.

## Conservation

The species is listed as least concern and seems to have a stable population. Listed as Cites II species on Cites Checklist.
# Rennbeck fire tower

The Fire observation Tower Rennbeck is a 30-metre (98 ft) tall observation tower built of wood on the Rennberg near Oer in Germany.
It is built in an unusual triangular cross section.
# Robert Bourne (doctor)

Robert Bourne, M.D. (1761–1829) was an English physician and professor of medicine.

## Life

Bourne was born at Shrawley, Worcestershire, and educated at Bromsgrove. He was elected a scholar of Worcester College, Oxford, and became a Fellow of the college. He proceeded B.A. in 1781, M.A. in 1784, M.B. in 1786, and in 1787 took the degree of M.D. and was elected physician to the Radcliffe Infirmary at Oxford.
In 1790 he became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. In 1794 he was appointed reader of chemistry at Oxford. He was Harveian Orator in 1797. In 1803 he was the Aldrichian professor of physic, and in 1824 Lichfield professor of clinical medicine.
He died in Oxford on 23 December 1829. A monument was erected to him in the chapel of his college.

## Works

His published works are:
* 'An Introductory Lecture to a Course of Chemistry,' 1797
* 'Cases of Pulmonary Consumption treated with Uva ursi,' 1805
# Yukarıörenbaşı, Gerede

Yukarıörenbaşı is a village in the Gerede District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 105 (2021).
# Patricia Ferrando

Patricia Ferrando (born 19 July 1985 in Caracas, Venezuela) is an Italian and Venezuelan Olympic dressage rider. She competed at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima where she became 12th in the finals and at the 2015 Pan-American Games in Toronto. She won a golden team medal at the 2009 Bolivarian Games, with the Venezuelan team. She is currently the most successful dressage rider from Venezuela.
In 2019 Patricia tried to qualify for the Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020 under supervision of her trainer Yvonne Losos de Muñiz and competed at several international competitions in Europe, including Denmark, the Netherlands, Austria and Spain. Patricia qualified Venezuela as first reserve country from Group D & E (North America, Central and South America) following the FEI regulations for the Olympic Games.
Ferrando competed at the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris, becoming the first Venezuelan dressage athlete at the Olympics.
# Yeh Ming-hsun

Yeh Ming-hsun (25 September 1913 – 21 November 2009), was a Chinese journalist and newspaper editor. A native of Fujian Province on the Chinese mainland, he became president of Chunghwa Daily, a newspaper belonging to the ruling Kuomintang, in 1950. In the late 1950s, Cheng Shewo and Yeh co-founded the Shih Hsin School of Journalism (now Shih Hsin University). Yeh served as the school's vice president in 1966 and its chairman from 1991 to 2006.
Yeh died in Taiwan on 21 November 2009. At his funeral, President Ma Ying-jeou presented a state citation.
# Microactuator

A microactuator is a microscopic servomechanism that supplies and transmits a measured amount of energy for the operation of another mechanism or system. As a general actuator, following standards have to be met:
* Large travel
* High precision
* Fast switching
* Low power consumption
* Power free force sustainability
For microactuator, there are two in addition
* Microstructurability
* Integrability

## Principle of microactuators

The basic principle can be described as the expression for mechanical work $W={\overrightarrow {F}}\cdot \Delta {\overrightarrow {r}}$
since an actuator is to manipulate positions and therefore force is needed. For different kind of microactuators, different physical principles are applied.

## Classes of microactuators

* Electrostatic
* Electromagnetic
* Piezoelectric
* Fluid
* Thermal
# Paul Baudisch

Paul Baudisch (June 19, 1899 - June 11,1977) was an Austrian screenwriter, novelist and translator. He came to Sweden as a refugee following the Anschluss of 1938 and worked in the country's film industry. He frequently collaborated with fellow Austrian émigré Adolf Schütz. He translated Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls into German.

## Selected filmography

* Only a Woman (1941)
* Tonight or Never (1941)
* Black Roses (1945)
* Harald the Stalwart (1946)
* Private Bom (1948)
* Father Bom (1949)
* The Red Signal (1949)
* The Swedish Horseman (1949)
* Melody of Fate (1950)
* Customs Officer Bom (1951)
* Professor Nachtfalter (1951)
* Bom the Flyer (1952)
* Stupid Bom (1953)
* Dance, My Doll (1953)
* The Light from Lund (1955)
* Only a Waiter (1959)
# Cascade torrent salamander

The Cascade torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton cascadae) is a species of salamander in the family Rhyacotritonidae. The Cascade torrent salamander are a small species of salamanders, with adults reaching about two inches on average. Their color ranges from brown to black, and they usually exhibit yellowish underbellies and spotted sides. It is endemic to the Pacific Northwest in the United States where it is found from Skamania County in Washington south to Lane County in Oregon on the west slope of the Cascade Mountains.
Its natural habitats are temperate forests, rivers, and freshwater springs. It is threatened by habitat loss. These salamanders are typically found under rocks and fallen logs. As far as movement, cascade torrent salamander can stay in a small area over very long periods. They also tend to move parallel to the streams they live by. Living by the stream creates a wide range of general lifespan because the salamanders can die from severe flooding of the stream.
# Yeh Kya Ho Raha Hai?

Yeh Kya Ho Raha Hai (transl.  What Is Happening?) is a 2002 Indian Hindi-language adult comedy film. It was directed by Hansal Mehta, produced by Pammi Baweja and written by Suparn Verma. It stars Prashant Chianani, Aamir Ali Malik, Vaibhav Jalani, Yash Pandit, Deepti Daryanani, Payal Rohatgi, Samita Bangargi and Punarnava Mehta. Its basic premise is taken from the American film American Pie.

## Plot

Four young men join a college and develop a friendship with each other. The four also meet various young ladies and romance them throughout their semester. The question remains that will they be able to follow through with love lives after this term and will they also get passing grades at the same time?

## Cast

* Prashant Chianani as Ranjeet
* Aamir Ali Malik as Rahul
* Vaibhav Jalani as Bunty
* Yash Pandit as Johnny
* Deepti Daryanani as Preeti
* Payal Rohatgi as Esha
* Gajraj Rao as Bunty's father
* Samita Bangargi as Anu
* Punarnava Mehta as Stella
* Mumaith Khan (Cameo)

## Soundtracks

The movie soundtrack has 6 songs composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, with lyrics by Javed Akhtar.
| Track # | Song | Singer(s) | Duration |
| 1 | "Aarzoo" | Babul Supriyo, Shankar Mahadevan | 6:05 |
| 2 | "Kuch Hum Bhi Paagal Hain" | Gayatri Iyer, Shweta Pandit, Sunidhi Chauhan | 5:18 |
| 3 | "Ooh Yeh" | Instrumental | 5:31 |
| 4 | "Ooh Yeh" | Mahalaxmi Iyer, K.K | 5:32 |
| 5 | "Yaar Apne Ghar Jao" | Kunal Ganjawala, Shankar Mahadevan, Shaan | 4:22 |
| 6 | "Yeh Kya Ho Raha Hai" | Arnab Chakrabarty, Kunal Ganjawala, Shankar Mahadevan, Nayan | 5:39 |
| 7 | "Yeh Kya Ho Raha Hai" (Part 2) | Arnab Chakrabarty, Kunal Ganjawala, Shankar Mahadevan, Nayan | 5:39 |
| 8 | "Yeh Sama" | Sowmya Raoh, Shaan | 5:56 |
# Reaper Award

The Reaper Awards is an annual awards show presented by Home Media Magazine and Dread Central to honor the best horror genre home video releases. Fans can vote online for their favorite DVD and Blu-ray releases in categories selected by the show's judges. Winners receive the "Grimmy Award", a hand-crafted Grim Reaper trophy.

## History

The first award ceremony launched at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles, CA on October 13, 2009. The ceremony was originally closed to the public, but a limited number of tickets were later offered for sale. The pre-dinner cocktail reception was still reserved for industry insiders. It was held there again October 12, 2010.
Judges include Steve Barton of Dread Central and Ryan Turek of Shock Till You Drop. Past celebrity judges have included filmmakers Roger Corman and Mick Garris.
The award itself was designed and sculpted by FearWerx and EMCE Toys.

## Categories
### Voted by fans

Unless otherwise noted, all awards were introduced in 2009 and continue to the present.
* Best Theatrical Disc
* Best Direct-To-Video Release
* Best Catalog/Re-release
* Best Collection (2012–)
* Best TV on disc
* Best Indie/Foreign Release
* Spookiest Kidvid (2012–)
* Best Extras (2011–)
* Best Packaging
* Best Box Art (2011–)
* Best Big Bad (2011–)
* Best Kill (2011–)
* Best Line (2011–)
* Best Blu-ray (2009–2010)
* Best of Genre (2009)
* Best Remastering (2009)
* Most Anticipated (2010–)

### Voted by judges

In addition to the fan-vote categories, the judges select a Best in Show. Previous winners include:
* Hellraiser: Box Set (2009)
* Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy (2010)
* Alien Anthology (2011)
* The Walking Dead: The Complete First Season – Special Edition (2012)
* The Cabin in the Woods (2013)
Two lifetime achievement awards have been given out:
* Michael Felsher, owner of Red Shirt Pictures (2009)
* Tom Holland (2010)
# William James Society

The William James Society (WJS) is an interdisciplinary professional society which supports the study of the life and work of American psychologist and philosopher William James. The organization was founded in 1999. For several years, the WJS published a newsletter named Streams of William James. Since 2006, the society has published the peer reviewed academic online journal William James Studies.

## Current and past presidents

* D. Micah Hester (2011–2012)
* Paul Croce (2009–2010)
* David Lamberth (2008)
* John Lachs (2007)
* Peter H. Hare (2006)
* William Gavin (2005)
* Charlene Haddock Seigfried (2004)
* Linda Simon (2003)
* John J. McDermott (2002)
# Microadapis

Microadapis is a genus of adapiform primate that lived in Europe during the middle Eocene.
# Volleyball at the 2007 SEA Games

Volleyball at the 2007 SEA Games was held 2 venues
* Indoor Volleyball: Gymnasium 2, His Majesty the King's 80th Birthday Anniversary Stadium (5 December 2007), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
* Beach Volleyball: Beach Volleyball Stadium, His Majesty the King's 80th Birthday Anniversary Stadium (5 December 2007), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

## Medal table

* Host nation (Thailand)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Thailand (THA)* | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| 2 | Indonesia (INA) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | Vietnam (VIE) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Cambodia (CAM) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | Malaysia (MAS) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |

## Medalists
### Beach volleyball

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men | Indonesia (INA) Andy Ardiyansah Koko Prasetyo Darkuncoro | Thailand (THA) Sataporn Sawangrueang Borworn Yungtin | Cambodia (CAM) Kong Sopheap Som Chamnap |
| Women | Thailand (THA) Kamoltip Kulna Yupa Phokongploy | Thailand (THA) Jarunee Sannok Usa Tenpaksee | Malaysia (MAS) Beh Shun Thing Luk Teck Hua |

### Indoor volleyball

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men | Indonesia (INA) Affan Priyo Wicaksono Aris Achmad Risqon Ayip Rizal Brian Alfianto Didi Irwadi Erwin Rusni Fadlan Abdul Karim I Nyoman Rudi Tirtana Joko Murdianto Joni Sugiyanto Muhammad Riviansyah Nur Widayanto | Vietnam (VIE) Đặng Vũ Bôn Huỳnh Văn Tuấn Lê Bình Giang Lê Hồng Huy Ngô Văn Kiều Nguyễn Duy Quang Nguyễn Hữu Hà Nguyễn Trường Giang Nguyễn Xuân Thành Phạm Minh Dũng Phạm Phước Tiến Phạm Văn Thành | Thailand (THA) Annop Auttakornsiripho Attaphon Khemdaeng Kitsada Somkane Kittikun Sriutthawong Pongsakorn Nimawan Ratchapoom Samthong Ronnarong Jarupeng Sarayut Yutthayong Supachai Jitjumroon Supachai Sriphum Surachai Churat Wanchai Tabwises |
| Women | Thailand (THA) Amporn Hyapha Malika Kanthong Narumon Khanan Nootsara Tomkom Onuma Sittirak Patcharee Saengmuang Piyamas Koijapo Pleumjit Thinkaow Rattanaporn Sanuanram Saymai Paladsrichuay Wanna Buakaew Wilavan Apinyapong | Vietnam (VIE) Bùi Thị Huệ Đinh Thị Diệu Châu Đỗ Thị Minh Hà Thị Hoa Lâm Thị Thu Sáu Lê Thị Hồng Lê Thị Mười Nguyễn Thị Minh Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Hoa Nguyễn Thị Xuân Phạm Thị Thu Trang Vũ Thị Liễu | Indonesia (INA) Agustin Wulandhari Berlian Marsheila Dewi Wulandari Dini Indahsari Gunarti Indahyani Helina Aprianti Josefhin Tahalele Maya Kurnia Indri Mella Marshellyna Rita Kurniati Susanti Martalia Yati Sri Susilowati |
# Robert Burns (disambiguation)

Robert Burns (1759–1796) was a Scottish poet.
Robert Burns may also refer to:

## People

* Robert Burnes (1719–1789), uncle of Robert Burns the poet
* Robert Burns (artist) (1869–1941), Scottish Art nouveau and Decorative arts painter and designer
* Robert Burns (cyclist) (born 1968), Australian cyclist
* Robert Burns (Iowa politician) (1922–2001), Iowa state senator
* Robert Burns (New Hampshire politician)
* Robert Burns (New Jersey politician) (1926–2016), member of the New Jersey General Assembly
* Robert Burns (Oklahoma politician) (1874–1950), American attorney and politician
* Robert Burns (Quebec politician) (1936–2014), Canadian politician from Quebec
* Robert Burns (representative) (1792–1866), U.S. Representative from New Hampshire
* Robert Burns (theologian) (1789–1869), Scottish theological writer and church leader
* Robert A. Burns (1944–2004), art director and production designer
* Sir Robert Andrew Burns (born 1943), British diplomat
* Robert Easton Burns (1805–1863), Canadian lawyer, judge, and Chancellor of the University of Toronto
* Robert Elliott Burns (1892–1955), author of I Am a Fugitive from a Georgia Chain Gang!
* Robert Francis Burns (1840–1883), convicted murderer
* Robert H. Burns (1870–?), Wisconsin State Assemblyman
* Robert J. Burns, software architect and candidate in the United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois, 2010
* Robert K. Burns (1896–1982), American biologist known for sexual differentiation in vertebrates
* Robert L. Burns (1876–1955), Los Angeles city councilman
* Robert Lee Burns (c. 1930–2002), American bank robber involved in an extradition cause célèbre
* Robert Nicholas Burns (born 1956), American diplomat
* Robert Whitney Burns (1908–1964), US Air Force Lieutenant General
* Bobby Burns (footballer) (Robert Joseph Burns, born 1999), Northern Irish footballer
* Rob Burns (born 1953), English/New Zealand bass player and author
* Robbie Burns (footballer) (born 1990), English footballer

## Statues

* Bust of Robert Burns (Houston), Texas, United States
* Robert Burns (Steell), by John Steell
* Robert Burns (Stevenson), by William Grant Stevenson
* Robert Burns Memorial (Barre), by J. Massey Rhind
* Robert Burns Memorial (Montreal), by G. A. Lawson
# You Overdid It Doll

"You Overdid It Doll" is the first single from The Courteeners' second album, Falcon. It was released on 15 February 2010 as both a digital download, CD single and 7" single. As of 21 February 2010, the single has peaked at #28 on the UK Singles Chart, making it The Courteeners's fifth UK Top 40 single. As of 2021, it remains their last UK Top 40 hit.

## Chart performance

"You Overdid It Doll" was released on 15 February 2010 as a CD single and 7" single. On 21 February 2010, the single entered the UK Singles Chart for the first time, managing to reach a current peak of #28. "You Overdid It Doll" is now The Courteeners's third single to enter the Top 30.
| Chart (2010) | Peak Position |
| Scotland (OCC) | 24 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 28 |

## Track listing

* CD
* "You Overdid It Doll"
* "I Never Wanted To"
* 7" (1)
* "You Overdid It Doll"
* "Whites of Her Eyes"
* 7" (2)
* "You Overdid It Doll (Live from Manchester Central 11/12/09)"
* "Social Fireworks"
* EP
* "You Overdid It Doll" (Live from Manchester Central)
* "I Never Wanted To"
* "Whites of Her Eyes"
* "Social Fireworks"
# UMBC School of Public Policy

The Public Policy graduate program at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County was created in 1974 under Chancellor Calvin B. T. Lee. Now known as the School of Public Policy, the program offers the master of public policy and PhD. degrees, and has an enrollment of over 130 students.

## History

Six years after the university's establishment, the Policy Sciences Graduate Program was organized as part of the graduate school and began enrollment two years later. The program became the Department of Public Policy in 2003. The following year, the department moved into the newly constructed Public Policy building. In 2014, the department became the School of Public Policy.

## Programs

* Master of Public Policy
* Doctor of Philosophy
* Dual degrees in law and public policy with the University of Maryland School of Law, and the University of Baltimore School of Law
* Dual degree MPP/MD with the University of Maryland School of Medicine
* Articulated agreement for MPA/Ph.D. with the University of Baltimore
* Articulated MA/Ph.D. with the Economic Policy Analysis (ECPA) in the Department of Economics, UMBC

## Faculty

Faculty and Staff

## Specializations

* Economics (Ph.D. only)
* Education Policy
* Emergency Services (Ph.D. only)
* Environmental Policy (MPP only)
* Evaluation and Analytical Methods
* Health Policy
* Policy History (Ph.D. only)
* Public Management
* Urban Policy
# Patricksburg, Indiana

Patricksburg (also Lancaster) is an unincorporated community in eastern Marion Township, Owen County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It lies along State Road 246, west of the city of Spencer, the county seat of Owen County. Its elevation is 715 feet (218 m), and it is located at 39°18′56″N 86°57′33″W﻿ / ﻿39.31556°N 86.95917°W﻿ / 39.31556; -86.95917 (39.3155987, -86.9591770). Although Patricksburg is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 47455.

## History

Patricksburg was originally called Lancaster, and under the latter name was laid out and platted in 1851 by Patrick Sullivan. A post office has been in operation under the name Patricksburg (formerly Patricksburgh) since 1854.
# Yarmister barberi

Yarmister barberi is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is found in North America.
# Recursant

In heraldry, an animal recursant, tergiant, or (rarely) tergant is depicted as having its back shown to the viewer, e.g., "An eagle volant recursant descendant in pale" is an eagle flying ("volant"—as opposed to "displayed", "rousant", "combatant", or "addorsed") with its back towards the viewer ("recursant"—as opposed to "affronté ") going downward ("descendant"—as opposed to "ascendant", rising) "in pale"—along the vertical axis, as opposed to "in bend" or "in chief" or "to dexter", etc.). The term is most often employed to describe an eagle in flight, but may also describe such animals as a crab, lobster, frog, lizard, scorpion, spider, turtle, or insect. The use suggests application to animals (real or mythical) which have the power of flight or to any creature which is often viewed from above and has a directional travel (i.e., excludes most mollosks and all microscopic animals as well as all plants).
# William Joseph Stern

William Joseph Stern OBE, ARCS, BSc, DIC (1891–1965) was a physicist who worked closely with the early development of the jet engine.
In 1920, Stern reported to the Royal Air Force that there was no future for the turbine engine in aircraft. He based his argument on the extremely low efficiency of existing compressor designs. Stern's paper proved to be so convincing there ceased to be any official interest in gas turbine engines in Britain for several years.

## Authorship

He was the author of many scientific papers relating to combustion.

## Order of the British Empire

Stern was ethnically German and a close friend of Hugo Junkers. The latter (when Junkers was under Nazi control), and Messerschmitt, made him several very lucrative offers of employment. Despite this, he worked for the British government during the Second World War. After the War he was awarded the Order of the British Empire (Civilian).

## Personal life

He was married to Anna Werner of Frankfurt, Germany. One of his daughters, Ann Marguerite, married the British artist and television director John Crockett (1918–1986).
# WEE2-AS1

WEE2 antisense RNA 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WEE2-AS1 gene.
# Robert Davidsohn

Robert Davidsohn (26 April 1853 – 17 September 1937) was a German journalist and historian. He is known for his studies of medieval Florence.