OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vertical restraints

Vertical restraints are competition restrictions in agreements between firms or individuals at different levels of the production and distribution process. Vertical restraints are to be distinguished from so-called "horizontal restraints", which are found in agreements between horizontal competitors. Vertical restraints can take numerous forms, ranging from a requirement that dealers accept returns of a manufacturer's product, to resale price maintenance agreements setting the minimum or maximum price that dealers can charge for the manufacturer's product.
So-called "intrabrand restraints" such as resale price maintenance govern products made by a particular manufacturer, while "interbrand restraints" regulate a dealer's or manufacturer's relationship with its trading partner's rivals (e.g., "English clauses"). Quintessential examples of interbrand restraints include tying contracts, whereby a purchaser agrees to purchase a second product as a condition of obtaining a so-called "tying" product, and exclusive dealing agreements, whereby a dealer agrees not to purchase products from suppliers that are rivals of the manufacturer.

## United States antitrust law

Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act governs all the vertical restraints involving interstate commerce in the United States. Section 3 of the Clayton Act governs interbrand restraints involving the sale of "goods". Finally, Section 2 of the Sherman Act governs restraints entered by monopolists. For several decades, courts were quite hostile to many vertical restraints, declaring them unlawful per se or nearly so. More recently, courts have reversed course and held that most such restraints should be analyzed under the rule of reason.

## English clause

An "English clause" is a contractual provision requiring a buyer to report any better offer to his supplier and allowing him to accept such offer only when the supplier does not match it. An "English clause" is a vertical restraint under competition law, and can be expected to have the same effect as a single branding obligation, especially when the buyer has to reveal who makes the better offer.
# Victor Isbrand

Victor Isbrand (1897 – 1989) was a Danish painter.

## Biography

Isbrand was born on 6 July 1897 in Copenhagen. From 1913 to 1917 Isbrand studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen and from 1930 to 1967, he taught drawing at the School of Applied Arts in Copenhagen and influenced young artists and craftsmen, including among others Nanna Ditzel. His style is inspired by the Cubist movement; he painted portraits and urban landscapes as well as watercolors landscapes from the south of France. From 1916 to 1987, his works were exhibited at the Museum of Contemporary Art at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts: Kunsthal Charlottenborg. His best known work is Aphrodite and Eros.
He died 5 March 1989.

## Permanent collections

KUNSTEN Museum of Modern Art Aalborg
# Po Tisuntiraydapaghoh

Po Tisuntiraydapaghoh (died 1780) was a King of the Panduranga Kingdom of Champa (in Vietnamese, Thuân Thành) who ruled from 1768 to 1780. His name is also spelt Po Tithun da Paghuh. He reigned during the early phases of the Tây Sơn wars that embroiled Vietnam in extensive warfare from 1771 to 1802, and succumbed as consequence of the conflict.
Po Tisuntiraydapaghoh was a son of an earlier king, Po Thuntiraidaputih (d. 1732), and belonged to the elder of the two branches of the Po Rome Dynasty. When the ruler of the junior branch died in 1765, Po Tisuntiraydapaghoh was nominated as successor by the Vietnamese Nguyễn lord, but only started his reign in 1768. He resided in Bal Pangdurang (Tinh My village, Phan Ri).
Three years after his accession, the Tay Son rebellion broke out, centered on the originally Cham town An Khê. The rebellion canalized popular grievances with the oppressive court of the Nguyễn lords, and attracted highlanders and Chams, apart from Chinese pirates and discontended Vietnamese. The Tây Sơn traversed and occupied Champa in 1776. The eldest of the three Tây Sơn brothers, Nguyễn Nhạc, played on the prestige of old Champa and even appropriated the royal Cham regalia. A Cham princess called Thị Hỏa joined the ranks of the Tây Sơn and was one of several competing forces in southern Vietnam in the 1770s. She was however killed after some time, probably by 1776. The Nguyễn again occupied the region in 1779.
As for Po Tisuntiraydapaghoh himself, he is said to have followed the Vietnamese (either Tây Sơn or Nguyễn) forces on campaigns in Cochinchina and Cambodia. On his return, however, an incident sealed his fate. His entourage passed near some Vietnamese envoys, sent by Nguyễn Nhạc to bring presents to his brother Nguyễn Huệ, who waged war in Cochinchina at the time. A Cham lord, the future Po Tisuntiraidapuran, treacherously assaulted and murdered the envoys and their party and stole the presents. Hearing about the incident, the furious Nguyễn Nhạc apprehended the Cham ruler and brought him to the capital where he was done to death, in spite of his protestations of innocence. He was succeeded by Po Tisuntiraidapuran. He left a son, Po Krei Brei, who became ruler three years later.
# Point Edward

Point Edward may refer to:
* Point Edward, Ontario, Canada
* Point Edward, Nova Scotia, Canada
# Victor Jigmalm

Victor Jigmalm (born February 2, 1992) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player who currently plays for Linköpings HC in the Swedish Elitserien.
# Victor Johnson (footballer)

Victor Johnson was an Australian rules footballer from South Australia. He captained the 1928 Port Adelaide premiership. He also coached South Adelaide to a premiership in 1935. As a journalist working for the Sunday Mail (Adelaide) he noted how speed was changing how the game was being played.
# Polk, Missouri

Polk is an unincorporated community in Polk County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Missouri Supplemental Route D, approximately twelve miles northeast of Bolivar. Polk is part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.
A post office called Polk was established in 1880, and remained in operation until 1973. The community took its name from Polk County.
# Polk, Illinois

Polk is an unincorporated community in Will County, Illinois, United States. It lies just north of the Kankakee County line and south of Beecher.
# Poljčane

Poljčane (pronounced) is a settlement in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Poljčane. It lies 35 km south of Maribor and 35 km northeast of Celje. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The town lies in the Dravinja Valley north of Mount Boč. It is a crossing of two important regional roads, the route from Maribor to Rogaška Slatina and the route from Celje to Ptuj. The railway line from Ljubljana to Maribor runs through the settlement, and the town has a railway station. There are also a primary school, a health centre, a post office, two supermarkets, a small inn, bars, and some restaurants.

## History

Poljčane was officially created in 1957, when the former villages of Maharska Vas and Pekel pri Poljčanah were merged into a single settlement.

## Recreation

Poljčane is a popular starting point for excursions to Mount Boč, a popular destination for day trips with mountain bikes or on foot. The top of the mountain offers a view of eastern Slovenia.

## Economy

The town has some industry; mostly wood production, construction, and electronics. The surrounding area is also heavily cultivated. Many people commute to work to Slovenska Bistrica, Pragersko, Maribor, Slovenske Konjice, and Celje.
# Vickery v McLean

Vickery v McLean [2006] NZAR 481 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding claims in defamation and the defence of free speech.

## Background

Harold Vickery was concerned that there may have been criminal activity at the Papakura District Council when it contracted out its water services, so much so that he had lodged complaints with both the Ombudsman Office and the Serious Fraud Office.
Vickery then sent The New Zealand Herald a letter claiming that "there was serious enough circumstantial evidence to suggest criminal irregularity may have taken place" at the PDC by these council employees, who were not elected council officials.
The Council employees in reply sued Vickery for defamation, and he used the claim of qualified privilege as a defence, as outlined in Lange.

## Held

The Court of Appeal limited the defence of qualified privilege, as outlined in Lange, to elected officials, such as councillors, MPs, and mayors, and not to unelected public officials, as were the plaintiffs here. Thus Vickery's defamation defence was dismissed.
# Polynucleobacter difficilis

Polynucleobacter difficilis is an aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, chemo-organotrophic, nonmotile, freshwater bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter, isolated from the Lake Sevan from a depth of 60 m in Armenia.
# Polynucleobacter aenigmaticus

Polynucleobacter aenigmaticus is an aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, chemo-organotrophic, non-motile, free-living bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter.
The type strain was isolated from a small alkaline lake located in Austria. This strain differers from other Polynucleobacter type strains due to its origin from a deep anoxic water layer. The genome sequence of the strain was fully determined., The type strain dwells as a free-living, planktonic bacterium in the water column of the lake, thus is part of freshwater bacterioplankton.
# Polle Eduard

Polle Eduard (born 2 December 1948, Delft) is a Dutch singer. Eduard is best known for the hit "Ik wil jou (jou alleen)".
# Poljani, Kreševo

Poljani is a village in the municipality of Kreševo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 11, all Croats.
# Polyommatus barmifiruze

Polyommatus barmifiruze is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Frédéric Carbonell in 2000. It is found in Iran.
# Polyscias verrucosa

Polyscias verrucosa is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is endemic to the island of Tahiti in the Society Islands of French Polynesia. It is listed as a species of "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List.
# PorSuiGieco

PorSuiGieco y su Banda de Avestruces Domadas, also known as Porsuigieco or PorSuiGieco, was an Argentine folk rock supergroup consisting of Charly García, Nito Mestre (from Sui Generis), León Gieco, Raúl Porchetto and María Rosa Yorio (Garcia's wife). The band was active only in 1975. The only album that they released was Porsuigieco. They performed live only two times. After 1976, the band was dissolved. In 1978 they briefly reunited to play at a festival in Liam Young’s shed

## Discography

* Porsuigieco (1976)

## Band members

* Charly García – keyboards, piano, guitar, bass, vocals
* Nito Mestre – guitar, flute, vocals
* León Gieco – guitar, harmonica, tambourine, vocals
* Raúl Porchetto – guitar, vocals
* María Rosa Yorio – vocals
* This article on a rock band is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Polyura nepenthes

Polyura nepenthes is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Henley Grose-Smith in 1883. It is found in the Indomalayan realm.

## Subspecies

* P. n. nepenthes (Burma, Thailand, Indo-China, southern China, Hainan)
* P. n. kiangsiensis (Rousseau-Decelle, 1938) (China: Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

## Biology

The larva feeds on Leguminosae.
# Polje pri Bistrici

Polje pri Bistrici (pronounced) is a settlement on the right bank of the Sotla River in the Municipality of Bistrica ob Sotli in eastern Slovenia, right on the border with Croatia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region; until January 2014 it was part of the Savinja Statistical Region.
# Vielart de Corbie

Vielart, Vielars, Wilars or Wilart de Corbie was one of the earliest trouvères from northern France. In one instance a chansonnier names him Willame (Guillaume de Corbie, William from Corbie) and some scholars have followed this, concluding that "Vielart" and its variations form a sobriquet meaning "violist" (player of a vielle) or perhaps "old man" (from French vieillard). He was active in the Île-de-France in the first decades of the thirteenth century at the latest, since his song De chanter me semont Amours was used as the basis for a contrafactum, Quant ces floretes florir voi, by Gautier de Coincy (died 1236). Only two songs can be firmly ascribed to him, and both survive with musical notation: De chanter and Cil qui me prient de chanter, which served as the basis for a Latin contrafactum, Dic, homo, cur abuteris. The music of the Latin song has not survived. Two other songs are ascribed to Vielart in some sources, but they are more probably the work of Gace Brulé: Desconfortés, plain d’ire et de pesance and Moins ai joie que je ne seuil.
# Ponkapoag

Ponkapoag /ˈpɒŋkəpɔːɡ/, also Punkapaug, Punkapoag, Ponkhapoag or Punkapog, is the name of a Native American "praying town" settled in the late 17th century western Blue Hills area of eastern Massachusetts by persons who had accepted Christianity. It was established in 1657, during the colonization of the Atlantic seaboard of the United States by settlers from Britain. This was the name given to the winter residence (and subsequently to the tribe) of the group of Massachusett who lived at the mouth of the Neponset River near Dorchester in the summer, in what colonists called Neponset Mill.
Ponkapoag is now contained almost entirely by the town of Canton, Massachusetts. The name is derived from a nearby pond 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Great Blue Hill; Ponkapoag means "shallow pond" or "a spring that bubbles from red soil".

## History

Ponkapoag Plantation was established in 1657 as a 6,000-acre (2,400 ha) town parcel formed from Dorchester, Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was the second Christianized native settlement, or "Praying Town" in Massachusetts, after Natick was established in 1651.
In 1654 members of the Nemasket Tribe, located in the village of Cohannet in current day Bristol County, were among the first Native Americans relocated to Ponkapoag by missionaries. From 1657 to his death around 1670, Quashaamit (William) served as a teaching minister in Ponkapoag, and also deeded large parcels of land in modern day Mendon, Milford, Braintree (Quincy), and North Smithfield.

## Legacy

The Improved Order of Red Men, a European-American fraternal order, had a "Ponkapaug tribe" active in West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, into the early 20th century.
Several unrecognized tribes claim descent from the Ponkaoag, including the Praying Indians of Natick and Ponkapoag in Stoughton, the Massachusett Tribe at Ponkapoag in Bridgewater and Holliston, and the Ponkapoag Tribal Council in Brockton.
# Polyspirella aglaia

Polyspirella aglaia is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The subdiaphanous, bluish-white shell has an elongate-conic shape. The length of the shell measures 5.3 mm. There are at least two whorls in the protoconch. They are small, depressed helicoid, and obliquely one-third immersed in the first of the succeeding turns. The 8½ whorls of the teleoconch are moderately rounded. They are marked by three strong spiral longitudinal grooves (striations) between the sutures on the early whorls, while on the later ones the peripheral cord becomes completely exposed in the suture, giving these whorls four spiral cords. These spiral cords are truncated posteriorly and slope gently anteriorly. They are a little wider than the grooves that separate them. The grooves are crossed by numerous, very slender, somewhat protractive axial riblets. The sutures are scarcely differentiated from the spiral grooves. The periphery of the body whorl is bounded posteriorly by a spiral groove. Anteriorly there is no limiting groove to denote the peripheral cord, which is apparent in the suture on the preceding turns, where the periphery passes evenly into a short, well-rounded base, which is marked by exceedingly fine, spiral striations and lines of growth. The aperture is subquadrate. The posterior angle is obtuse. The outer lip is thin, showing the external sculpture within, rendered wavy at the edge by the external sculpture. The inner lip is decidedly curved and slightly reflected. It is provided with a weak fold at its insertion. The parietal wall is glazed with a thin callus.

## Distribution

The type specimen was found off Port Alfred, South Africa.
# Polyspondylogobius sinensis

Polyspondylogobius sinensis is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Gobiidae, the true gobies. It is native to the Pacific coast of China where it is only known to occur in marine and brackish waters in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. This species occurs in shallow bays, around river mouths and in tide pools. This species grows to a length of 4.9 centimetres (1.9 in) SL. This species is the only known member of its genus.
# Viggósdóttir

Viggósdóttir is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Glódís Perla Viggósdóttir (born 1995), Icelandic footballer
* Jórunn Viggósdóttir (born 1957), Icelandic alpine skier
# Pope Shenouda

Pope Shenouda may refer to:
* Pope Shenouda I of Alexandria (r. 859–880)
* Pope Shenouda II of Alexandria (r. 1032–1046)
* Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria (r. 1971–2012)
# Vigna owahuensis

Vigna owahuensis is a rare species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Oahu cowpea.

## Distribution

It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known from seven small populations on the islands of Hawaii, Molokai, Lanai, and Kahoolawe. Though it was described from a specimen collected on Oahu it is now extirpated from that island. It was also known from Niihau, Maui, and Kauai in the past.
This plant grows in many types of shrubland and grassland habitat, as well as in some cultivated areas. It occurs on cinder cones and offshore islets and exposed coral reefs.

## Description

Vigna owahuensis is an annual or perennial herb growing up to 40 cm (16 in) long. Each leaf has three hairy leaflets of widely varying shape and size. Flowers occur singly or in clusters of up to four. They are light yellow or greenish in color and are about 2 or 2.5 cm (0.79 or 0.98 in) long. The fruit is a long, thin legume pod up to 9 cm (3.5 in) in length. The pod may be slightly inflated or not. It contains up to 15 gray or black beans around .5 cm (0.20 in) long.

## Conservation

The species faces many threats, including loss of habitat to agriculture and development, degradation of the habitat by exotic plants and animals, and military activity. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
There are fewer than 100 individuals in total remaining on four islands. Two of the seven populations are on Molokai, one occurring in a plantation of tropical ash and pine trees. As of the year 1994 there was only one plant known on Lanai. There are several individuals on Hawaii and Kahoolawe.
# Pont Llanio railway station

Pont Llanio railway station was a railway station in Wales on the former Carmarthen to Aberystwyth Line near Llanddewi Brefi.
The railway station was built with only a single platform and building on the up side. The platform, small goods shed in the former yard and a cast-iron water tank was situated next to a creamery, built near the station in 1896. Producing 5 tonnes of butter per week by 1905, regular milk train services to the later Milk Marketing Board-owned plant allowed distribution all over the United Kingdom.
The Great Western Railway took over the service in 1906, and fully absorbed the line in 1911. The Great Western Railway and the station passed on to British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. It was then closed by the British Railways Board.
Although proposed for closure in the Beeching Report serious damage due to flooding south of Aberystwyth in December 1964 closed that section of line. The cost of repairs was deemed unjustified and led to the withdrawal of passenger services in February 1965, however milk trains continued to run from Carmarthen to Pont Llanio until 1970. Pont Llanio was the nearest station to the village of Llanddewi Brefi, which became well known as a result of the BBC comedy show Little Britain.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Olmarch Halt | Great Western Railway Carmarthen to Aberystwyth Line | Tregaron |
vteManchester and Milford Railway :
Legend :
# Pooja Narwal

Pooja Narwal (born 15 March 2000) is an Indian kabaddi player. She was part of the team that won the gold medal in the 2022 Asian Games.
# Pooja Phalam

Pooja Phalam (transl. Fruit of prayer) is a 1964 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed and co-written by B. N. Reddy. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Savitri and Jamuna, with music composed by S. Rajeswara Rao. The film is based on the novel Poojari, written by Munipalle Raju.

## Plot

Zamindar Madhu is very gullible, and everyone mocks him. Once, he became acquainted with Vasanthi, who lives in a portion of his house. Vasanthi becomes very friendly to Madhu, which he misinterprets as love, but she treats him as a brother. Meanwhile, Madhu proceeds to higher studies, where he befriends Sriram. He makes several attempts to contact Vasanthi and eagerly waits for a reply. Soon after his return, he finds out Vasanthi and her family left the city, and their whereabouts are unknown. Madhu finds a letter from which he realizes Vasanthi's intention and gets deeply haunted. During that plight, Seeta, the daughter of his Manager Rama Krishnaiah, consoles and recoups him, whom he starts endearing. Parallelly, Govindaiah's coparcenary to Madhu's grandfather claims a case in the court for the property—the court handovers the property until the judgment is issued. So, Madhu must leave his mansion when Rama Krishnaiah shelters him. After a while, Madhu is on the edge to win the case. So, sly Govindaiah seeks to kill Madhu by an accident in which he loses his memory. Now, Sriram is a mental specialist, making serious efforts to regain his friend's memory but in vain. Anyway, Madhu triumphs over Govindaiah, and he is seized. Madhu goes back to his mansion, where he slightly remembers Vasanthi. Sriram & Rama Krishnaiah are in quest of her; favorably, she turns into Sriram's wife. At last, via Vasanthi, Sriram makes Madhu regain his sanity. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Madhu & Seeta.

## Cast

* Akkineni Nageswara Rao as Madhu
* Savitri as Seeta
* Jamuna as Vasanthi
* Jaggayya as Sriram
* Gummadi as Ramakrishnaiah
* Relangi as Govinda Rao
* Ramana Reddy as Govindaiah
* Mikkilineni as Bheemudu
* Peketi Sivaram as Nityanandam
* Potti Prasad as Raja
* L. Vijayalakshmi as Neela Nagini
* Rajasree as Rani
* Hemalatha as Vasanthi's mother
* Chhaya Devi

## Soundtrack

Music composed by S. Rajeswara Rao. The track "Pagale Vennela" is set in Raga Hindolam/Malkauns.
| S. No. | Song Title | Lyrics | Singers | length |
| 1 | "Pagale Vennela Jagame Ooyala" | C. Narayana Reddy | S. Janaki | 2:57 |
| 2 | "Ninnaleni Andamedo" | C. Narayana Reddy | Ghantasala | 4:03 |
| 3 | "Endhu Dagi Unnavo" | Devulapalli | P. Susheela | 2:03 |
| 4 | "Madhana Manasayera" | C. Narayana Reddy | S. Janaki | 2:56 |
| 5 | "Neruthuno Ledho" | C. Narayana Reddy | P. Susheela | 3:30 |
| 6 | "Andhena Ee Chethula" | Devulapalli | P. Susheela | 3:01 |
| 7 | "O Basthi Doragaru" | Kosaraju | B. Vasantha, Basaveshwar | 2:44 |
| 8 | "Siva Dheeksha" | Ghanam Seenayya | S. Janaki | 4:47 |
| 9 | "Vasthavu Pothavu" | C. Narayana Reddy | B. Vasantha | 1:37 |