OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rear-Admiral of the Red

Rear-Admiral of the Red was a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, immediately outranked by the rank Vice-Admiral of the Blue (see order of precedence below). Royal Navy officers currently holding the ranks of commodore, rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. From 1688 to 1805 this rank was in order of precedence seventh; after 1805 it was the eighth. In 1864 it was abolished as a promotional rank. (pictured opposite is the command flag for an Rear-Admiral of the Red).

## History

The Navy Royal inaugurated squadron colours during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) to subdivide the English fleet into three squadrons. There were three classes of admirals and differentiated by using coloured flags. In 1620 the official Flag ranks of Admiral, Vice Admiral, and Rear Admiral were legally established that arose directly out of the organisation of the fleet into three parts. The rank of Admiral of the Fleet was formally established in 1688
The Rear-Admiral of the Red was a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, immediately outranked by the rank Vice-Admiral of the Blue (see order of precedence below). Royal Navy officers currently holding the ranks of commodore, rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. From 1688 to 1805 this rank was in order of precedence seventh; after 1805 it was the eighth. In 1864 it was abolished as a promotional rank. (pictured opposite is the command flag for an Rear-Admiral of the Red).

## Order of precedence Admirals of the Colour

The Navy was divided into three squadrons Red, White and Blue in order of seniority. Admirals were appointed to these squadrons and therefore their rank and squadron split the seniority originally into 9 bands then later 10 with ‘Admiral of the Fleet' as senior to all others.
Seniority was therefore from 1805 to 1864:
* Admiral of the Fleet
* Admiral of the Red Squadron (rank created in 1805)
* Admiral of the White Squadron
* Admiral of the Blue Squadron
* Vice-Admiral of the Red Squadron
* Vice-Admiral of the White Squadron
* Vice-Admiral of the Blue Squadron
* Rear-Admiral of the Red Squadron
* Rear-Admiral of the White Squadron
* Rear-Admiral of the Blue Squadron
Seniority was therefore from 1688 to 1805:
* Admiral of the Fleet, (rank created in 1688)
* Admiral of the White Squadron
* Admiral of the Blue Squadron
* Vice-Admiral of the Red Squadron
* Vice-Admiral of the White Squadron
* Vice-Admiral of the Blue Squadron
* Rear-Admiral of the Red Squadron
* Rear-Admiral of the White Squadron
* Rear-Admiral of the Blue Squadron
Admirals without an appointment were colloquially referred to as Yellow Admirals. Ships of the Royal Navy flew the Ensign that coincided with the squadron of their commanding officer.
# Weid

Weid may refer to:
* Weid (Ulster), a river of Hesse and Thuringia, Germany, tributary of the Ulster
* Weid, a district of the municipality Gretzenbach, canton Solothurn, Switzerland
* WEID-LD, a television station in South Bend, Indiana, United States

## People with that name

* Henning Weid (born 1950), Norwegian Nordic combined skier
# Treinen

Treinen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Blake Treinen (born 1988), American baseball pitcher
* Joé Treinen (1911–1982), Luxembourgian canoeist
* Sylvester William Treinen (1917–1996), American Roman Catholic bishop
* Tom Treinen (born 1943), American sports shooter
# Richard LaPiere

Richard Tracy LaPiere (September 5, 1899 – February 2, 1986) was a professor (and later professor emeritus) of sociology at Stanford University from 1929 to 1965.

## Early years and education

Born in Beloit, Wisconsin, LaPiere obtained his B.A. in Economics (1926), followed by his M.A in Sociology (1927) and his Ph.D in Sociology (1930), all at Stanford University.

## ‘Attitudes vs. Actions’ article

LaPiere is best known for his 1934 article "Attitudes vs. Actions" that appeared in the journal Social Forces. LaPiere spent two years traveling the United States by car with a couple of Chinese ethnicity. At the time there was substantial anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States, e.g., as reflected in the Chinese Exclusion Act of the late 19th Century.
During that time they visited 251 hotels and restaurants and, while LaPiere reports that some people greeting them looked curious, they were turned away only once. LaPiere concludes that positive reactions were associated with factors unrelated to the race of the couple (such as neat appearance and smiling). and his data reflect his own interpretations of what occurred at each stop.
LaPiere's language and conclusions in the paper reflect his own racial views and awareness gaps of the time. For example, he interprets curiosity as treatment "more positive than typical."
Six months after the conclusion of their travels (to provide a chance to forget their behavior), LaPiere mailed a survey to all of the businesses they visited with the question, "Will you accept members of the Chinese race in your establishment?" The available responses were "Yes", "No", and "Depends upon the circumstances". Of the 128 that responded, 92% answered No, reflecting the anti-Chinese sentiments of the time.
LaPiere also mailed a survey to a comparison group of hotels and restaurants that had not been visited, and their responses were similar.
The study was foundational in establishing the gap between attitudes and behaviors.

## Memberships and accolades

LaPiere was an elected member of Alpha Kappa Delta and the Sociological Research Association, and a past president of the Pacific Sociological Association. In 1941 he was awarded a California Book Award silver medal for his fiction work When the Living Strive.

## Personal life

LaPiere married in 1934 and died of cancer in 1986. The Department of Sociology at Stanford University's annual research award for best graduate student paper is named in LaPiere's honor.

## Selected bibliography

* The Freudian ethic (1959) ISBN 0-8371-7543-7
* Collective Behavior (1938) ISBN 1-4304-8123-4
# Panmana

Panmana is a village in Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Indian census, Panmana had a population of 50,001.
# Xinxuan Group

Xinxuan (Chinese: 辛选; lit. 'Xin selection') Group is a retail business operating in China's livestreaming e-commerce segment. Xinxuan's core business is a multi-channel network, on which livestreamers, also known in China as Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs), promote brands and products.

## History

Xinxuan Group was founded in 2017 by Xin Youzhi, a popular e-commerce livestreamer on the Chinese short video app Kuaishou. Xinxuan is based in Baiyun District in Guangzhou, in the South of China, where it owns a live broadcast center of 12,000 square meters.

## Business segments

Xinxuan Group operates on the following three business segments:
* KOL incubation – Xinxuan offers professional trainings for KOLs.
* Digital e-commerce – Xinxuan operates an online ecosystem through which both itself and other companies can sell the goods and products promoted by KOLs.
* Supply chain management – Xinxuan links with more than 3,000 factories to develop customized products, and provides a channel for more than 5,000 domestic and international brands to market their goods to China's live commerce users.

## Statistics

According to iResearch's "China's Livestreaming e-Commerce Industry Report", Xinxuan has over 60 million users and trained 11 KOLs with individual sales records of over RMB 100 million per single live session.
The most successfully marketed products by Xinxuan belong to the categories of beauty and skin care, clothing, food, home & personal care and consumer electronics.
As of end 2021, Xinxuan was reported to employ more than 4,000 people, of which 1,400 are engaged in quality control and KOLs trainings.
# Zhang Jun (Kunqu)

Zhang Jun (simplified Chinese: 张军; traditional Chinese: 張軍; pinyin: Zhāng Jūn; born October 1974) is a Chinese Kunqu opera performer. In May 2011, Zhang was awarded the UNESCO Artist for Peace award for his "long-term commitment to promoting intangible cultural heritage, especially Kunqu Opera." He became the only second Chinese after actress Gong Li to be awarded the title since 2001.
The first Kunqu opera singer in China to focus on revitalizing and promoting the ancient art form to a younger generation which he first started in universities and schools in 1998, Zhang's dream is to bring "Kunqu to an international stage" for people everywhere in the world to appreciate this ancient Chinese art.
Currently in London and New York on a one-man contemporary performance of I, Hamlet, which is an adaptation of Shakespeare's Hamlet, he plays four key roles telling the classic tale through a Kunqu monologue.

## Personal life

Born to farmers, Zhang grew up in Shanghai's Qingpu District. At 12, he was the only boy selected from 2,000 candidates by the Shanghai Traditional Opera School to learn the traditional opera Kunqu which he trained intensively for eight years.
# William Rhoads

William Rhoads (born 8 June 1995) is an American ski jumper.

## Career

He made his World Cup debut 2015 season in Kuopio with 42nd place. He represented US at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2015 in Falun where he was disqualified on normal hill individual event.

## World Cup
### Standings

| Season | Overall | 4H | SF | RA | W5 | P7 |
| 2014/15 | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 2015/16 | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 2016/17 | — | 58 | — | 57 | N/A | N/A |
| 2017/18 | 57 | — | — | — | 43 | 65 |

### Individual starts (19)

| Season | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | Points |
| 2014/15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 |
| 2014/15 | q | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | q | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | q | 42 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| 2015/16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 |
| 2015/16 | – | – | – | q | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | q | 47 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 45 | – | q | – | – | – | – | | | 0 |
| 2016/17 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 |
| 2016/17 | DQ | 43 | q | 43 | 44 | 49 | q | q | q | – | 39 | q | 50 | 47 | – | 35 | 40 | – | – | – | – | q | q | q | q | – | | | | | | 0 |
| 2017/18 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 12 |
| 2017/18 | – | 47 | 21 | 29 | q | 48 | q | – | – | – | q | q | – | 44 | 40 | q | – | – | – | – | q | – | | | | | | | | | | 12 |
# Wichita City Carnegie Library Building

The Wichita City Carnegie Library Building located at 220 S. Main Street in Wichita, Kansas, Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States, is a Carnegie library built in 1915. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The two-story, limestone Beaux Arts building stands in the southwestern part of Wichita's central business district, directly south of the old City Hall. Its façade orientation is west. The building measures approximately one hundred and twenty-eight feet from north to south and eighty-three feet from east to west. After the completion of Wichita's Central Library in 1966, the Wichita City Carnegie Library Building served as city offices and the municipal court until the Wichita Omnisphere and Science Center established its tenancy in 1976, followed by changing tenants.
The two-story, ashlar cut, limestone block building sits on an ashlar cut, limestone block, raised foundation with a multiply moulded watertable. Three bays comprise the rectangular building's façade and rear. The building's main body is one bay deep, a one-bay-by-one-bay brick unit extends from the rear elevation's center bay. A parapetted entry pavilion projects from the facade's center bay. A short, square tower rises from the building's central bay, covered by a rounded, truncated hipped roof sheathed with pantiles and surmounted by a monitor roof. Tripartite windows with translucent glass pierce each wall of the central tower. Standing seam metal covers the gable roofs of the two main wings, the metal may have been tarred. Two skylights, which have been covered due to water leakage, pierce the gable roofs midway. The entry pavilion and the rear extension have low roofs hidden by parapets, they are likely covered with tar and gravel. The building retains its original metal drain pipes on the outer edges of the façade and the rear extension.
A limestone or terracotta entablature, consisting of a multiply moulded bottom course surmounted by an egg and dart architrave, a bracketed frieze, and an incised vegetal and shell motif cornice engages the building on all elevations except the rear.
The interior was designed by interior designer Louise Caldwell Murdock, a noted interior designer trained at the Parsons School of Fine Art in New York. In 1987 it was described that the building "maintains its original atrium floorplan and ceramic tiled floors. The beamed and coffered first level ceiling, the Doric pilasters below the ceiling beams, the first level marble columns, the egg and dart moulding ceiling cornice on the first level, the wooden door and window surrounds, the double cast iron staircase in the vestibule, and the three story, classically detailed atrium surround are retained."
In 2006, Fidelity Bank purchased the building, and is now its corporate headquarters.
# We Are What We Pretend to Be: The First and Last Works

We Are What We Pretend To Be: The First and Last Works is a book by Kurt Vonnegut. Published posthumously in 2013, it contains two novellas that were previously unpublished: Basic Training and If God Were Alive Today. It also contains some reminiscences and commentary by his daughter Nanette. The book's title comes from the preface of the 1966 edition of his novel Mother Night: "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be."
Basic Training is his first novella (apparently written during the late 1940s), originally intended to be sold under the pseudonym "Mark Harvey."
If God Were Alive Today is his last novel, which was incomplete at the time of his death in 2007.
# Trept

Trept is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.

## Populations

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 784 | — |
| 1821 | 641 | −0.72% |
| 1846 | 1,167 | +2.43% |
| 1872 | 1,290 | +0.39% |
| 1901 | 1,732 | +1.02% |
| 1926 | 1,251 | −1.29% |
| 1946 | 931 | −1.47% |
| 1962 | 817 | −0.81% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1968 | 840 | +0.46% |
| 1975 | 853 | +0.22% |
| 1982 | 1,039 | +2.86% |
| 1990 | 1,164 | +1.43% |
| 1999 | 1,540 | +3.16% |
| 2007 | 1,717 | +1.37% |
| 2012 | 1,836 | +1.35% |
| 2017 | 2,170 | +3.40% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Walter F. Thornton

Walter F. Thornton, S.J. was appointed Santa Clara University's 15th president after the presidency of James P. Morrissey.
# Pandereta plenera

The pandereta plenera, pandero plenero or plenera, is a handheld frame drum typical of Puerto Rican music. A group of these drums is commonly used in traditional Puerto Rican plena music. There are three general sizes: primo or requinto (for solos and lead), segundo or seguidor, and tercero or bajo (for rhythm and bass), although sizes can vary. A fourth type is the pandereta punteador, also used for rhythm.
# SPC file format

The SPC file format is a file format for storing spectroscopic data.
The SPC file format is a file format in which all kinds of spectroscopic data, including among others infrared spectra, Raman spectra and UV/VIS spectra. The format can be regarded as a database with records of variable length and each record stores a different kind of data (instrumental information, information on one spectrum of a dataset, the spectrum itself or extra logs). It was invented by Galactic Industries as generic file format for its programs. Their original specification was implemented in 1986, but a more versatile format was created in 1996.
Galactic Industries was purchased by Thermo Fisher Scientific who now maintain and develop the GRAMS Software Suite for which the format was defined. They provide free tools and libraries to allow developers to create and maintain SPC files consistently.
This file format is not in plaintext, such as XML or CSV, but is a binary format and is therefore not readable with a standard text editor but requires a special reader or software to interpret the file data. The Environmental Protection Agency publishes a free spectra reader called ShowSPC that is open to the public for reading spectra data. Additionally, a company AnalyzeIQ produces a free SPC to CSV converter aptly titled SPC2CSV, an open-source project OpenSpectralWorks is an alternative free reader, as well as SpectraGryph which has analytic and display capabilities for reading SPC files. The Essential FTIR software offers a file reader that can read, display, analyze and export .spc files as well as many other spectroscopy file formats.
# Zhang Jun (Song chancellor)

Zhang Jun (traditional Chinese: 張浚; simplified Chinese: 张浚; pinyin: Zhāng Jùn, 1097 – 16 September 1164), courtesy name Deyuan, was a Chinese chancellor between 1135 and 1137, military commissioner, and general of the Song dynasty. A native of Mianzhu, Sichuan, he is also known by the pseudonym "Zǐyán Jūshì" (紫巖居士).
Zhang rose to hold various important civil and military posts, and was successful on several occasions in checking the incursions of the Jurchen Jin dynasty in the Jin–Song Wars, notably in 1118 and 1126. He was for war and extermination, and would hear of no compromise with these enemies of his country. In reference to his mission of defence of Shaanxi and Sichuan, Zhao Ding (趙鼎) said of him that Zhang had "repaired the heavens and cleansed the sun." He was appointed chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong in 1135, a position he shared with Zhao Ding. In 1137 he fell victim to the intrigues of Qin Hui, whose conciliatory policy he steadily opposed, and was sent to Yongzhou in Hunan. He was then recalled under the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, successor of Gaozong. He was ennobled as Duke. Xiaozong was supportive of Zhang's hawkish stance towards to the Jurchens. In the court of Xiaozong, his political rival was Shi Hao, his former tutor and an opponent of further wars against the Song. Afterwards he rose to the rank of Prince. He was well read, especially in the Classic of Changes, on which he wrote a commentary. Zhang was given the posthumous name Zhōngxiàn (忠献).
# William Wrightson

William Wrightson may refer to:
* William Wrightson (MP, born 1676) (1676–1760), British landowner and politician, MP for Newcastle upon Tyne, and for Northumberland
* William Wrightson (MP for Aylesbury) (1752–1827), British landowner and politician
# Wilfred Parry

Wilfred John Parry (17 August 1910 – 23 July 1942) was a South African first-class cricketer and British Army soldier.
The son of Llewellyn and Edith Parry, he was born at Durban in August 1910. Parry made his debut in first-class cricket for Natal against the touring Marylebone Cricket Club at Durban in November 1930. His second first-class appearance came for Natal against the same opposition a little under two months later at Pietermaritzburg. Five years later in 1936, Parry made a third and final appearance in first-class cricket for Rhodesia against the touring Australians at Bulawayo. He scored 93 runs at an average of 23.25, with his highest score of 47 coming against the touring Australians.
Parry served in the British Army during the Second World War as a corporal in the 1st Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps. The 1st Battalion saw action in the North African campaign, as part of the 7th Armoured Division. Parry took part in the Battle of Sidi Rezegh in November 1941, while in July 1942 he took part in the First Battle of El Alamein. It was during this battle that Parry was killed in action on 23 July. He is commemorated at the El Alamein War Cemetery.
# Vince Rafferty

Vince Edward Rafferty (born August 6, 1961) is a former center in the National Football League (NFL) for the Green Bay Packers. He played college football at the University of Colorado Boulder.

## Early life

Rafferty was born Vincent Edward Rafferty, in Manhattan, Kansas. He attended Longmont High School.
He accepted a football scholarship from the University of Colorado Boulder. He began his career as an offensive guard. As a senior, he was moved to defensive tackle.

## Professional career

Rafferty was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Dallas Cowboys after the 1984 NFL draft. He was switched to the offensive line during training camp. He was waived on August 21, 1984.
In 1985, he signed with the Denver Broncos, but suffered an injury and never got on the field.
In 1986, he was signed by the Green Bay Packers. He was released on August 22, 1986.
On July 24, 1987, he was signed by the Packers. He was released on August 31, 1987. After the NFLPA strike was declared on the third week of the season, those contests were canceled (reducing the 16 game season to 15) and the NFL decided that the games would be played with replacement players. In September, he was signed to be a part of the Packers replacement team. He started 3 games at center during the strike. He was released on November 3, 1987.
In 1988, he was signed by the Phoenix Cardinals. He was released on August 29, 1988.

## Personal life

After his NFL career, Rafferty went on to become a firefighter in Colorado, working as an emergency medical technician for the Rocky Flats Fire Department.
# Weigle

Weigle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Edwin F. Weigle (1889–1973), Dutch engineer and politician
* George J. Weigle (1871–1956), member of the Wisconsin State Senate
* Gottfried Weigle (1816–1855), German missionary
* Jean Weigle (1901–1968), Swiss molecular biologist
* Jörg-Peter Weigle (born 1953), German conductor and music professor
* Kent Weigle (born 1955), American ice dancer
* Mark Weigle (born 1967), American singer and songwriter
* Marta Weigle (1944–2018), American anthropologist and folklorist
* Sebastian Weigle (born 1961), German conductor
* William Weigle (born 1940), American racewalker
* All pages with titles containing Weigle
# Traitor's Ford

Traitor's Ford is a ford on the River Stour, in the English county of Warwickshire close to its border with Oxfordshire. It is about 2 miles (3.2 km) outside Brailes and half a mile from the village of Sibford Gower, and is on the route of the Macmillan Way long distance footpath. The ford can be seen in the film, Three Men and a Little Lady.
Immediately to the north of the ford, the modern road of Traitor's Ford Lane meets with Ditchedge Lane, a track that is believed to be an ancient trading route. One theory for the naming of the ford is that the name was originally Trader's Ford, named because of its location on this trading route.
Another theory is that a traitor was hung here following the Civil War battle of Edgehill, when several local Parliamentarian sympathisers were executed by Royalists.
* The footbridge
* The depth gauge
* A car using the ford
# Panderevela

Panderevela is a genus of sacoglossan sea slugs, a shell-less marine opisthobranchi gastropod mollusks in the family Costasiellidae.

## Species

* Panderevela dacilae Moro & Ortea, 2015
* Panderevela hyllebergi K. R. Jensen, 2021
* Panderevela ipse Ortea, Moro & Espinosa, 2015
# SPDC Colony

SPDC Colony or Spare Part Division Colony/Centre? {Marathi-एसपीडीसी कालोनी(सुरक्षा विहार)} is located in Mankhurd, a suburb of Mumbai, India.
* This Mumbai location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Zhitnitsa

Zhitnitsa (Bulgarian pronunciation:, lit. 'granary') may refer to the following villages of Bulgaria:
* Zhitnitsa, Dobrich Province
* Zhitnitsa, Kardzhali Province
* Zhitnitsa, Plovdiv Province
* Zhitnitsa, Varna Province [bg], in Provadia Municipality