OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peter Nichols (author)

Peter Brayton Nichols (born August 13, 1950) is an American author. He is known for his bestsellers The Rocks (2015, a novel); A Voyage for Madmen (2001, nonfiction), which was a finalist for the William Hill Sports Book of the Year; and Evolution's Captain, (2003, nonfiction). His novel Voyage to the North Star was a Book Of The Month Club main selection and was nominated for the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award.
Nichols has taught creative writing at Georgetown University, NYU Paris, Bowdoin College, the University of Arizona, and the writing programs at Fairfield University (Connecticut), the University of Arkansas at Monticello, and Antioch University Los Angeles.

## Early life and education

Nichols was born in New York City and moved with his family to Britain when he was nine. He attended boarding school in England, and briefly attended East 15 Acting School in London. He read for a BA degree at Skidmore College, and a Master of Fine Arts degree at Antioch University, Los Angeles. He worked variously in advertising, as journalist, and screenwriter.

## Career

In his late twenties and early thirties, Nichols lived on a small wooden sailboat in the Caribbean and Mediterranean. He became a U.S. Coast Guard licensed yacht captain and navigator, worked as a professional yacht charter and sailboat delivery captain, and has sailed across the Atlantic three times on small yachts. A solo crossing of the Atlantic is recounted in his memoir, Sea Change; Alone Across the Atlantic in a Wooden Boat (1997).
In 2009, Nichols sailed across the Atlantic at the invitation of Dutch public television channel VPRO. He accompanied the great-great-grandsons of Charles Darwin and Robert FitzRoy, the captain of HMS Beagle, on the square-rigged tall ship Stad Amsterdam to recreate the voyage of the Beagle and mark the 150th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin.
# Oil drying agent

An oil drying agent, also known as siccative, is a coordination compound that accelerates (catalyzes) the hardening of drying oils, often as they are used in oil-based paints. This so-called "drying" (actually a chemical reaction that produces an organic plastic) occurs through free-radical chemical crosslinking of the oils. The catalysts promote this free-radical autoxidation of the oils with air.
Typical oil drying agents are derived from ions of cobalt, manganese, and iron, prepared as "salts" of lipophilic carboxylic acids such as naphthenic acids, in order to give them a soap-like chemical formula and make them oil-soluble.

## Varieties of drying agents

In technical literature, oil drying agents, such as naphthenates, are described as salts, but they are probably also non-ionic coordination complexes with structures similar to basic zinc acetate. These catalysts were traditionally hydrocarbon carboxylate chelates of lead, but due to lead's toxicity, cobalt and other elements, such as zirconium, zinc, calcium, and iron, have replaced the lead in more popular products. Most driers are colorless but cobalt driers are a deep blue purple color and iron driers are reddish orange. These colored driers are therefore compatible only with certain darker pigmented paints where their color will be unseen.
Japan drier is a common lay term and generic product name for any oil drying agent that can be mixed with drying oils such as boiled linseed oil and alkyd resin paints to speed up "drying". The name refers to "japanning", a term for the use of drying oils as an imitation or substitution for urushiol based Japanese lacquer.
Separate drying additives for paints became necessary as zinc oxide-based paints were developed as an alternative to the lead oxide paints ("white lead") that had been previously used. Zinc oxide paints were developed in parallel with the introduction of "oil soluble driers" or "terebines" around 1885. These were lead and manganese soaps of linseed fatty acids or resin, also termed lineolates or resinates. Terebines had poor shelf life in mixed paints, as they auto-oxidised and lost their effectiveness. As a result, early factory-mixed paints, unless fresh, were a poor substitute for fresh paint mixed by a painter on site from raw ingredients. This situation lasted until the late 1940s; by then further drier developments had superseded the terebines. In 1925, stable napthenate driers were developed in Germany and commercialised in the US in the early 1930s, in parallel with the development of durable and fast-drying alkyd resin enamels. In the 1950s, metallo-organics based on synthetic acids were introduced as driers.
An early work on the drying oils and oil drying agents was by Andés (1901).

## Antiskinning

Premature hardening of paint, called "skinning" because it forms a skin on the surface of the paint, can be inhibited by the addition of volatile ligands. These ligands bind to the oil drying agents, then lose their inhibiting action as they themselves slowly volatilize and leave the drying agent to work. One such inhibitor is methylethyl ketone oxime (MEKO), which is called an "antiskinning agent".
# Siti I Hydroelectric Power Station

Siti I Hydroelectric Power Station, commonly referred to as Siti Power Station, is a 5.0 megawatts (6,700 hp) mini hydropower station in Uganda.

## Location

The power station is located across River Siti, in Siti Parish, Bukwo District, in the northern part of Uganda's Eastern Region, near the International border with the Republic of Kenya. This location, lies on the northeastern slopes of Mount Elgon, within Mount Elgon National Park, at an altitude of about 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), above sea level. It is located in proximity to its sister power station, Siti II Hydroelectric Power Station

## Overview

The power station is a run of river, mini hydropower installation, with capacity of 5 Megawatts. The development was developed at the same time with the 16.5 megawatts (22,100 hp) Siti II Hydroelectric Power Station. Both are owned by the same developer. The impact assessment studies were done and presented prior to construction. One private developer, Elgon Hydro Siti Private, has applied for the development rights to the project. The 21.5 Megawatt power complex comprising Siti I and Siti II is the largest power generating installation in northeastern Uganda. The power generated from this power generating complex will supply the local communities in Bukwo District and the balance will be integrated into the national power grid.

## Construction timeline

In October 2014, the Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA), licensed nine new renewable energy projects, including Siti I Hydroelectric Power Station. The power complex consists of two run of river generation units; Siti I with capacity of 5 Megawatts and Siti II, with capacity of 16.5 Megawatts. Construction started in March 2015, and commercial operations began in May 2017.
# Ukrainian Engineers' Society of America

The Ukrainian Engineers' Society of America is an organization of Ukrainian engineers and students based in New York City. The society was founded in New York City on September 18, 1948, by a group of Ukrainian immigrants of the engineering profession. Their first annual meeting was held on November 20, 1948. Their goal is to "...unite engineers and scientists for their mutual professional enrichment and exchange of knowledge; and also to study the current status of technology, industry and the economy in Ukraine; and for the development of a social/professional network". The society publishes the periodicals Ukrainian Engineering News and Bulletin TYIA. They also have published books.
According to their website, their functions include:
* Providing social opportunities to meet with other Ukrainian professionals.
* Providing a central location for current information about technical developments in Ukraine and by Ukrainians in both the United States and Ukraine.
* Providing unique professional networking opportunities
* Providing mentoring opportunities to assist students pursuing careers in the technical and economic fields.
* Honoring and publicizing the contributions of Ukrainian engineers, architects, economists, and other technical professionals.
* Aiding in projects intended to benefit the Ukrainian community in the United States
# Tiger tail donut

A tiger tail donut (also called tiger tail doughnut or simply tiger tail) is a donut that is twisted with another ingredient so that it looks like the tail of a tiger. This other ingredient may vary; examples include chocolate; chocolate-flavoured dough; a combination of chocolate and cinnamon; and a combination of cinnamon, apples, and coconut. The tiger tail is the second most popular donut at The Donut Man in Glendora, California, United States, surpassed only by the shop's signature donut: the strawberry donut. In 2010, Dunkin' Donuts locations in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, sold tiger tails to celebrate the Year of the Tiger. Erin Allday of The Press Democrat called the tiger tail the "most unusual donut" at the Donut Hut in Santa Rosa, California.
# Tight Country: A Novel from Istrian Folk Life

Tijesna zemlja: roman iz istarskog narodnog života ("Narrow Land," or "Tight Country: A Story from Istrian Folk Life") is a novel by Croatian author Mijo Mirković. Mirković is best known as Mate Balota, and he published this novel under that pen name.
The novel tells the story of the life of people on a small piece of Istrian land. Through 20 chapters "the seasons change, people, births, deaths, changes happen, life happens." The action takes place in the area of the village of Rakalj, in southeastern Istria. Described as "an economic and social study of the Istrian villages in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century," and "an indirect autobiography," the novel follows the history of an Istrian family through three generations, from 1870 to 1941. Although it wasn't well received in the 1940s, the book later became a cult among Istrian Croats.

## Analysis

With this novel Mirković sought to portray those people "who were not recorded in historical annals," people who nevertheless did play their roles, some of them taking an active part in shaping history, and some doing so passively. These are "little people who, in the whirlwind of time and the changes it brings, try to find their place under the sun." The people are plagued by the dramas of their country and their own family. The characters of the novel strike a chord in the reader. The reader's bond to the characters grows as the plot unfolds. It has been said of Mirković that "older Istrians can find [in his poems] their youth or the youth of their parents and grandparents as they described it in [their anecdotes transmitted orally]."
The story of the "little men" quietly wins the sympathy of the reader. There are "processions, joy, but also the saddest moments" that alternate in their lives, with each character in the novel portrayed on several levels. The narrator speaks in Croatian, but the characters use the dialect of southeastern Istria.
The novels echoes folk songs and rural conversations, as well as "solitary reflections on man, labor, God, justice and the changes to come." The novel portrays the socioeconomic situation and rural life of old Istria.
# Tigrane (Vivaldi)

La Virtù trionfante dell'amore e dell'odio overo Il Tigrane (RV 740) is a 1724 opera for the carnival season in Rome. It was a joint composition by Benedetto Micheli (Act I), Vivaldi (Act II) and Nicola Romaldi (Act III). The libretto was originally thought to based on that by Francesco Silvani already used in Venice in 1691, but has been identified as a libretto by Pietro Andrea Bernardoni used in Vienna in 1710.

## Recordings

* Complete Act II - Mónika González (soprano), Ildikó Szakács (soprano), Artur Stefanowicz (countertenor), Barnabás Heygi (countertenor), Timothy Bentch (tenor), Zsolt Molnár (baritone) & László Jekl (bass) Savaria Baroque Orchestra Pál Németh Hungaroton
* "Squarciami pure il seno" (Cleopatra) - by Simone Kermes on Amor Profano; also Regula Mühlemann on Cleopatra, La Folia Barockorchester, Robin Peter Müller 2017
* "Fara la mia spada" (Oronte) - Philippe Jaroussky, Heroes Jean-Christophe Spinosi
* "Care pupille" Topi Lehtipuu on Arie per tenore Diego Fasolis Naive Vivaldi Edition; also by Nicholas Scott Un jardin à l'italienne Les Arts Florissants
# Tiko Kerr

Tiko Kerr, born in 1953, is a Canadian artist known for his painting and his HIV/AIDS advocacy.

## Career

Kerr began his career as a painter in 1984. In 2008 he held the exhibition The Lazarus Tree: New Works by Tiko Kerr, featuring the eponymous painting among the works shown. In 2015 Kerr exhibited a survey of unreleased paintings entitled The Past is Present, many of which focused on his time living abroad during the 1980s, in addition to pieces derived from the cityscape of Vancouver, covering his career since its beginning in 1984. In 2012 Kerr was featured in the documentary film Cue the Muse.
In 2016 a film about his work was made, entitled Artist. Activist. Tiko Kerr. Later that year he also produced the exhibition Body Language, in which his works focused on painting hooded and shrouded human figures. The inspiration behind the series of works came from the public debate over the wearing of niqabs in government spaces during the mid-2010 Canadian elections.
In 2017 Kerr produced the solo exhibition Mythic Proportions: The Politics of Seeing, shown in Vancouver. Works for the show included mixed media and his first use of paper collages, revolving around the theme of pareidolia. Kerr has also collaborated with organizations such as the Ballet BC on set designs and other artistic endeavours. He has also produced and shown works digitally through sites like Instagram. He has also created public murals in Canadian cities such as Calgary and Vancouver. In addition to his solo exhibitions, Kerr has also shown works as a part of group exhibitions. Kerr is, according to the Vancouver Westender, "best known for his figurative and abstract acrylic-based paintings; often vibrant images of Vancouver's iconic urban and natural locales and architecture".

## Activism

Kerr was diagnosed as HIV positive in 1985. Since his participation in a clinical trial in 2005, the disease is now undetectable in his blood. Since the late 1980s, he has been an activist on HIV/AIDS, as well as affordable housing and issues affecting indigenous people. Kerr is a resident of West End, Vancouver and a member of West End Neighbours, which campaigns for greater consultation regarding the city's Short Term Incentives for Rental programme. Kerr has also provided art work for medical centers, including the BC Children's Hospital.
# Tikrit Museum

The Tikrit Museum is a museum located in Tikrit, Iraq. It was damaged during 2003 Iraq War.
# Tim Thomas (athlete)

Timothy Thomas (born 18 November 1973) is a Welsh athlete who competed in the pole vault. He has a personal best performance of 5.55 metres.

## Athletics career

Thomas competed for Wales at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England finishing 7th. He also achieved 7th place at the 2002 IAAF World Cup in Madrid, Spain.
Domestically, Thomas won three British titles, twice indoors in 2001 and 2003, and once outdoors in 2004.
# Time zone (disambiguation)

A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time.
Time zone can also refer to:
* Time Zone (band), experimental hip-hop group headed by Afrika Bambaataa
* Time Zones (album), a 1977 album by Richard Teitelbaum Anthony Braxton
* Time Zone (video game), historical video game
* Timezone (video arcades), a chain of video arcade centers based in Australia
* "Time Zones" (Mad Men), S7/E1 of Mad Men
# Tinai

In Tamil poetics, tinai (Tamil: திணை tiṇai "land", "genre", "type") is a type of poetical mode or theme. A thinai consists of a complete poetical landscape - a definite time, place, season in which the poem is set - and background elements characteristic of that landscape - including flora and fauna, inhabitants, deities and social organisation. These collectively provide imagery for extended poetic metaphors ("ullurai", literally "inner meaning"), which set the mood of the poem.
Classical authors recognised two broad categories of tinai. Akam tinai (literally, "the inner genre") consisted of modes used in love poetry, associated with specific aspects of a relationship or specific stages in the development of a relationship. Puram tinai (literally, "the outer genre") consisted of modes that corresponded closely to the akam modes, but were used in heroic, philosophical and moral poetry, to describe the stages of a battle or particular patterns of thought. Later commentators added further categories, such as akappuram, which consisted of modes that mixed elements of akam and puram poetry, and purappuram, which consisted of modes used for peripheral puram themes. The five tinais were kurinji (hilly/mountain region), palai ( parched/dry lands), mullai (pastoral tract), marutam (wet/ agricultural lands) and neital (coastal area). Recent literary studies on tinai gave birth to tinai poetics, the native Indian theory similar to ecocriticism, which is based on the tinai concept of Classical Tamil Literature.
# Timothy Littleton

Sir Timothy Littleton ( c 1608 – 2 April 1679 ) was an English judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1660 and 1670.
Littleton was the son of Sir Edward Littleton of Henley Shropshire and his wife Mary Walter, daughter of Edward Walter of Ludlow. His father was chief justice of North Wales. Littleton became a lawyer and was serjeant-at-law.
In 1660, Littleton was elected member of parliament for Ludlow in the Convention Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Ludlow in 1661 in the Cavalier Parliament and sat until 1670 when he became Baron of the Exchequer.
After the Great Fire of London in 1666, Littleton was a judge at the Fire Court set up under the Fire of London Disputes Act 1666 to hear cases relating to property destroyed in the fire. The artist John Michael Wright was commissioned to paint portraits of all 22 judges that had sat in the Fire Court. He was knighted at Whitehall on 29 June 1671.
Littleton died at the age of 70 and was buried in Temple Church.
# Timur Khwaja

Timur Khwaja (Turki and Persian: تیمور خواجه; Kypchak: تمور خواجه) was briefly Khan of the Golden Horde in 1361, having succeeded his father Khiḍr Khan.
The forceful Khiḍr Khan, a descendant of Jochi's son Shiban according to the Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah, asserted himself as ruler of the Golden Horde in June 1360, having eliminated his rival Nawruz Beg. Nevertheless, the new khan's authority was limited by the presumable autonomy of the former beglerbeg Mamai Kiyat in the west, and the renewed autonomy of the former Ulus of Orda in the east, under the local Jochid khan Qara-Noqai. A greater threat proved to be the advance of another Jochid prince, Ordu Malik, on the capital Sarai in 1361. In circumstances that remain obscure, Khiḍr Khan and his son Qutlugh were now murdered by another son of Khiḍr Khan, Timur Khwaja, who seized the throne at Sarai, in August 1361. Timur Khwaja would reign for only a short time, possibly five weeks. Nevertheless, coins were minted in his name at Sarai and Mokhshi; the latter might have been Timur Khwaja's original base. He was opposed from the start by his uncle, Murād (or Murīd), who declared himself khan at Gülistan, by the advancing Ordu Malik, and possibly by Mamai in the west. In these circumstances, Timur Khwaja quickly lost control of Sarai and fled back east of the Volga before being killed. Unsurprisingly, he had accomplished little. He was succeeded at Sarai by the triumphant Ordu Malik. The murder of Khiḍr Khan by Timur Khwaja and the latter's brief and unsuccessful reign contributed to the deepening of the Golden Horde's political crisis, from which it would never completely recover.
The brevity and confusion of Timur Khwaja's reign are reflected in the minimal information preserved in the sources, as well as a great deal of variation as to the details. The above summary represents the most generally accepted version of the events, although there exist slightly different interpretations. The sources exhibit disagreements even over the name of Khiḍr Khan's parricide son, some of them apparently confusing him with Khiḍr Khan's brother Murād (or Murīd). The very unreliable but formerly historiographically influential Muʿīn-ad-Dīn Naṭanzī (earlier known as the "Anonymous of Iskandar") gives Timur Khoja impossibly as the son of Ordu Shaykh (i.e., Ordu Malik) and as the brother of Murīd, and gives the future khan ʿAzīz Shaykh as son of Timur Khwaja. Naṭanzī also attributes a reign of some two years to Timur Khwaja, and has him murdered, unrecognized, by the husband of a woman he assaulted. Given Naṭanzī's obvious errors, it is difficult to know how much of the remaining information he relates may be reliable. Even the Russian chronicles disagree as to whether it was the forces of Mamai or those of Ordu Malik that terminated Timur Khwaja's reign; moreover, the length of this brief reign also varies among different sources, from about a week to two weeks, to five weeks, ignoring Naṭanzī's impossible two years.

## Genealogy

* Genghis Khan
* Jochi
* Shiban
* Qadaq
* Töle Buqa
* Mangqutai
* Khiḍr Khan
* Timur Khwaja
# Tkibuli

Tkibuli or Tqibuli (Georgian: ტყიბული) is a town in west-central Georgia of 8,130 residents (January 2024). located in the Imereti region at the foot of the Racha Range and the Nakerala limestone cliff, which marks the boundary of the historic region Racha. Tkibuli gained city status in 1939, and has been a coal mining center since mining started in 1846. The city is also known for the tea that is grown in the region and sold throughout the country. It is located between two man-made reservoirs used for hydropower generation with an elevation difference of more than 600 metres (2,000 ft).
At the height of mining in the Soviet-era Tkibuli had more than 20,000 residents, but the economic disarray of the 1990s caused an exodus from the city and the mines practically halted production. Since production has resumed in 2008 by a Georgian company, the mines are a mainstay of local economy providing 2,000 people and their families the only source of income. However, the mines have become notorious for fatal accidents due to outdated equipment and inappropriate safety standards. After a series of fatal accidents, claiming 16 lives in total in 2018, mining was put on hold in late 2018 but resumed again in 2019.