OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Weinmannia trichosperma

Weinmannia trichosperma, the tineo, is an evergreen tree in the family of Cunoniaceae, it is native to Chile and Argentina: 35 to 47°S. endemic to laurel forest habitat.

## Description

Weinmannia trichosperma grows up to 30 m (100 ft) high. It has a straight trunk up to 1 m (3 ft) in diameter and gray, fissured bark. The leaves are imparipinnate and opposite. Between the leaflets there are triangular wings giving each pair a rhomboid outline. There are two deciduous stipules at the base of the leaves. The leaves are about 3–8 cm long and 2–4 cm wide, and the leaflets are 0.6–1.6 cm long and 0.6–1.0 cm wide and toothed. The foliage tends to be sparse and spread out.
The flowers are hermaphrodite, small, white and clustered in racemes. The calyx is made up of 4–5 imbricate sepals; the corolla has 3–5 composite petals; the androecium has 8-10 stamens; the gynoecium has a superior ovary with 2 carpels and white stigmas.
The fruit is a leathery obovate capsule which is divided in two. In autumn the capsule turns bright red, and is 6–9 mm long and 2 mm wide. It opens in the middle between the styles. The seeds are ellipsoid, light brown, with scattered white hairs and small: 1 mm long and 0.6 mm wide.

## Cultivation and uses

The bark can be used to tan leather. W. trichosperma is used as an ornamental tree in Chile. The flowers are used by introduced European bees to make a delicious honey. The wood is hard and exhibits a vivid grain pattern of darker and lighter colouration, making it highly prized for decorative uses. It thrives in cool and moist climates, and it succeeds as an ornamental in Northern Ireland, Scotland, some parts of England and in the North Pacific Coast of the United States.

## Etymology

Weinmannia, for German botanist J. A. Weinmann (1782–1858); trichosperma, from Latin: hairy seeds. And tineo, Mapuche name.

## References and external links

* ↑ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2018). "Weinmannia trichosperma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T61990715A135696938. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T61990715A135696938.en. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
* ↑ "Weinmannia trichosperma Cav". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
* ↑ "Weinmannia trichosperma Cav". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000. n.d. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
* Donoso, C. 2005. Árboles nativos de Chile. Guía de reconocimiento. Edición 4. Marisa Cuneo Ediciones, Valdivia, Chile. 136 p.
* Hoffmann, A. 1982. Flora silvestre de Chile, Zona Araucana. Edición 4. Fundación Claudio Gay, Santiago. 258 p.
* "Weinmannia trichosperma". Enciclopedia de la Flora Chilena. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
* "Weinmannia trichosperma in Scotland". Dendrological Plant Image Gallery. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
* "Weinmannia trichosperma in Washington Park Arboretum" (PDF). Washington Park Arboretum. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
* This Oxalidales article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Weltman

Weltman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Amanda Weltman (born 1979), South African theoretical physicist
* Harry Weltman (1933–2014), American basketball executive
* Jeff Weltman, American Basketball executive
# Wellington Sánchez

Wellington Eduardo Sánchez Luzuriaga (born June 19, 1974 in Ambato) is a former Ecuadorian football midfielder who last played for C.D. Olmedo.
He played for a few clubs, including Nacional Quito, MetroStars (USA), Los Angeles Galaxy (USA), CS Emelec and Aucas.
He played for the Ecuador national football team and was a participant at the 2002 FIFA World Cup.

## Titles

* El Nacional
** Serie A: 1996, 2006
* Emelec
** Serie A: 2001, 2002
* Aucas
** Segunda Categoria: 2012
# Westport Township, Dickinson County, Iowa

Westport Township is one of twelve townships in Dickinson County, Iowa, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 143.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Westport Township covers an area of 35.93 square miles (93.1 km$^2$); of this, 35.91 square miles (93.0 km$^2$), 99.97 percent is land and 0.01 square miles (0.026 km$^2$) and 0.03 percent is water.

### Extinct towns

* Hagerty at 43°18′47″N 95°19′45″W﻿ / ﻿43.313023°N 95.329169°W﻿ / 43.313023; -95.329169
* Wallace at 43°16′12″N 95°19′45″W﻿ / ﻿43.269968°N 95.329169°W﻿ / 43.269968; -95.329169

### Adjacent townships

* Excelsior Township (north)
* Lakeville Township (northeast)
* Okoboji Township (east)
* Summit Township, Clay County (southeast)
* Waterford Township, Clay County (south)
* Harrison Township, Osceola County (west)
* Allison Township, Osceola County (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains Westport Cemetery.

## School districts

* Clay Central-Everly Community School District
* Harris-Lake Park Community School District
* Hartley-Melvin-Sanborn Community School District
* Okoboji Community School District

## Political districts

* Iowa's 5th congressional district
* State House District 06
* State Senate District 03
# Westport Township, Pope County, Minnesota

Westport Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 279 at the 2000 census. It contains the village of Westport, Minnesota.

## History

The township was surveyed in 1858. The first public building was a tavern on Westport Lake operated by the Drake Family.
The Little Falls and Dakota Railroad (later part of the Northern Pacific Railway) established a depot in 1882.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.4 square miles (91.8 km$^2$), of which 34.5 square miles (89.5 km$^2$) is land and 0.9 square mile (2.3 km$^2$) (2.48%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 279 people, 83 households, and 68 families residing in the township. The population density was 8.1 people per square mile (3.1/km$^2$). There were 90 housing units at an average density of 2.6/sq mi (1.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.28% White, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.08% of the population.
There were 83 households, out of which 47.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.3% were married couples living together, 2.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.9% were non-families. 13.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.36 and the average family size was 3.72.
In the township the population was spread out, with 35.8% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.1 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $42,188, and the median income for a family was $44,250. Males had a median income of $31,667 versus $17,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,185. About 13.6% of families and 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 23.1% of those 65 or over.
# Wendel, California

Wendel is an unincorporated community in Lassen County, California. It is located 23 miles (37 km) east-southeast of Susanville, at an elevation of 4012 feet (1223 m). Wendel's ZIP Code is 96136.
The Wendel post office opened in 1915 (when it was transferred from Purser), closed in 1920, and re-opened in 1921. The name Wendel was bestowed by Thomas Moran, the president of the Nevada–California–Oregon Railway, for a friend.
Wendel was once a crew change point for the railroad, with housing, hotels, and other services for train workers. Most of the railroad infrastructure in Wendel was demolished in 1996, and the railroad is now abandoned. A few homes can still be found in the area, however.
# Weyl's tube formula

Weyl's tube formula gives the volume of an object defined as the set of all points within a small distance of a manifold.
Let $\Sigma$ be an oriented, closed, two-dimensional surface, and let $N_{\varepsilon }(\Sigma )$ denote the set of all points within a distance $\varepsilon$ of the surface $\Sigma$. Then, for $\varepsilon$ sufficiently small, the volume of $N_{\varepsilon }(\Sigma )$ is
    $V=2A(\Sigma )\varepsilon +{\frac {4\pi }{3}}\chi (\Sigma )\varepsilon ^{3},$
where $A(\Sigma )$ is the area of the surface and $\chi (\Sigma )$ is its Euler characteristic. This expression can be generalized to the case where $\Sigma$ is a $q$-dimensional submanifold of $n$-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$.
# Wharepapa South

Wharepapa South is a rural community in the Waipa District and Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located west of Putāruru and east of Te Awamutu.

## Marae

The local Aotearoa Marae and Hoturoa or Rangikawa meeting house is a meeting place for the Ngāti Raukawa hapū of Ngāti Takihiku, and the Waikato Tainui hapū of Ngāti Korokī and Ngāti Raukawa ki Panehākua.

## Education

Wharepapa South School is a co-educational state primary school, with a roll of 34 as of August 2024.
Arohena School is a Year 1–8 co-educational state primary school, with a roll of 32 as of August 2024.
# Wharf (Holdings) Ltd. v. United International Holdings, Inc.

Wharf Holdings Ltd. v. United Int'l Holdings, Inc., 532 U.S. 588 (2001), was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned a provision of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 dealing with manipulating and evading rules set by the SEC. The Court concluded that a secret understanding to violate an arrangement under the Act still constituted a violation, rejecting an argument that oral contracts were categorically excluded from the provision's coverage.

## Background

In return for United International Holdings, Inc.'s assistance in preparing its application, contracts, system, and financing for a cable television system in Hong Kong, Wharf Holdings Ltd. orally granted United an option to buy 10% of stock in the system. The agreement was never written down. Ultimately, Wharf refused to allow United to exercise its option. United then sued Wharf in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado, claiming that Wharf violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which prohibits using "any manipulative or deceptive device or contrivance...in connection with the purchase or sale of any security." Wharf's internal documents, which suggested that Wharf never intended to carry out its promise, supported United's claim. A jury found in United Holdings' favor, finding a violation of the 1934 Act. The Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit affirmed.

## Opinion of the Court

Justice Stephen Breyer wrote the unanimous decision of the Court, which affirmed the Tenth Circuit. The Court held that an oral agreement to give an option to buy stock while secretly intending never to honor that option violates the Securities Exchange Act of 1934's prohibition of deceptive devices. Justice Breyer wrote for the Court that there was no "convincing reason to interpret the Act to exclude oral contracts as a class. The Act itself says that it applies to 'any contract' for the purchase or sale of a security." Under this reasoning, the Tenth Circuit was correct in affirming the jury's verdict, and Wharf Limited was found to have violated the 1934 Act.
# West Adams, North Dakota

West Adams is an unorganized territory in Adams County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 34. West Adams comprises the territory of the former townships of Lemmon and Whetstone.
# Montagnat

Montagnat (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

## Geography

Montagnat is a village located near the city of Bourg-en-Bresse.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 434 | — |
| 1800 | 474 | +1.27% |
| 1806 | 484 | +0.35% |
| 1821 | 403 | −1.21% |
| 1831 | 492 | +2.02% |
| 1836 | 514 | +0.88% |
| 1841 | 514 | +0.00% |
| 1846 | 514 | +0.00% |
| 1851 | 560 | +1.73% |
| 1856 | 569 | +0.32% |
| 1861 | 563 | −0.21% |
| 1866 | 531 | −1.16% |
| 1872 | 522 | −0.28% |
| 1876 | 499 | −1.12% |
| 1881 | 464 | −1.44% |
| 1886 | 493 | +1.22% |
| 1891 | 471 | −0.91% |
| 1896 | 466 | −0.21% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 415 | −2.29% |
| 1906 | 416 | +0.05% |
| 1911 | 426 | +0.48% |
| 1921 | 404 | −0.53% |
| 1926 | 415 | +0.54% |
| 1931 | 386 | −1.44% |
| 1936 | 370 | −0.84% |
| 1946 | 398 | +0.73% |
| 1954 | 403 | +0.16% |
| 1962 | 396 | −0.22% |
| 1968 | 419 | +0.95% |
| 1975 | 633 | +6.07% |
| 1982 | 1,005 | +6.83% |
| 1990 | 1,173 | +1.95% |
| 1999 | 1,421 | +2.15% |
| 2007 | 1,568 | +1.24% |
| 2012 | 1,748 | +2.20% |
| 2017 | 1,992 | +2.65% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# William McCrea

William McCrea may refer to:
* William McCrea (astronomer) (1904–1999), British astronomer and mathematician
* William McCrea, Baron McCrea of Magherafelt and Cookstown (born 1948), politician from Northern Ireland
# Schloss Heiligenberg (Jugenheim)

Schloss Heiligenberg is a castle to the east of Jugenheim, part of Seeheim-Jugenheim, about 12 kilometres to the south of Darmstadt, Germany. It is built on the Heiligenberg, with panoramic views of the Rhineland as far as the Palatinate. It is now the headquarters of the Amt für Lehrerbildung, though its 'Gartensaal' is occasionally used for concerts and art exhibitions.

## Castle

At the start of the nineteenth century a castle was built on the Heiligenberg. Grand Duchess Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt and her son, Prince Alexander of Hesse-Darmstadt, added an extension designed by Georg Moller in 1862–1867. Alexander (1823–1888), third son of Grand Duke Louis II of Hesse-Darmstadt, from 1852 onwards mainly lived in Darmstadt or at the Schloss Heiligenberg, at least when he was not on campaign. On 28 October 1851 he entered a morganatic marriage with countess Julia Hauke, a lady in waiting to his sister, Tsarina Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. Alexander and Julia were the founders of the Battenberg/Mountbatten line. Due to the family's wide-ranging royal connections, until 1914 the Schloss regularly hosted the Russian Tsar and his family as well as many other kings, princes and diplomats.
# Zheleznogorsk Urban Okrug

Zheleznogorsk Urban Okrug is the name of several municipal formations in Russia. The following administrative divisions are incorporated as such:
* Closed Administrative-Territorial Formation of Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
* Town of Oblast Significance of Zheleznogorsk, Kursk Oblast
# Wexford County

Wexford County may refer to:

## Places

* Wexford County, Michigan
* County Wexford, Ireland

## Ships

* USS LST-1168, a United States Navy landing ship tank commissioned in 1954 and renamed USS Wexford County (LST-1168) in 1955
* USS Wexford County (LST-1168), a United States Navy landing ship tank in commission from 1954 to 1971
* USS Wexford (AK-220)
# Zalesie, Kielce County

Zalesie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Raków, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Raków and 37 km (23 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
# Šesta knjiga sanj

Šesta knjiga sanj is a novel by Slovenian author Dušan Merc [sl]. It was first published in 2006.
# UB5

UB5 may refer to:
* UB5, a postcode district in the UB postcode area
* SM UB-5, World War I German submarine
# Standard pistol

Standard pistol can be used:
* As a synonym for sport pistol about a .22-caliber handgun commonly used in shooting sports
* About the 25 metre standard pistol event, using such a pistol
* For the unrelated Standard Pistol class in PPC 1500 competitions
# Stanley C. Mercer

Stanley Charles Mercer (24 December 1903 – 17 October 1973) was a British diver. He competed in the men's 3 metre springboard event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Stanley Thatcher Blake

Stanley Thatcher Blake (1910 – 24 February 1973) was an Australian botanist who served as president of the Royal Society of Queensland and who was associated with the Queensland Herbarium beginning in 1945 until his death.

## Background

Prior to his stint with the Herbarium, Blake received a Walter and Eliza Hall Fellowship which allowed him to undertake botanical collecting expeditions to Western Queensland (1935–1937).
Blake is also credited with validating the name Melaleuca quinquenervia, which was initially proposed by Antonio José Cavanilles (1745–1804).
# Estonian Draft

The Estonian Draft or Eston-Arden (Estonian: Eesti raskeveohobune) is a breed of draft horse developed in Estonia. They were developed from a cross of Estonian Native horses, and Swedish Ardennes, and were officially recognized by the Estonian government in 1953. Population numbers have decreased since the early 1990s and today inbreeding is of significant concern. The breed is considered to be endangered by the Estonian government. Although originally used for heavy draft work, they are now used mainly for small-scale gardening.

## Breed characteristics

Estonian Drafts are generally bay or chestnut in color. Through selective breeding, they have become well adapted to the soil in northern Estonia.

## History

Estonian Native horses were crossed with Swedish Ardennes stallions to create a draft horse that was an easy keeper that was powerful yet fast. A stud book was established in 1921, and the breed was officially recognized by the Estonian government in 1953. At the same time the Estonian Draft was developed, the Lithuanian Heavy Draft and the Soviet Heavy Draft also came into being in order to serve a demand for heavy draft horses in the Soviet Union. As of 1994, there were approximately 400 Estonian Drafts in existence, including about 15 breeding stallions and 120 breeding mares. At that time, population numbers were reported to be decreasing. Another type developed in the 1990s for use as a harness horse. Although there were originally eight main blood lines, by 2004 the breed had been reduced to four stallion lines, and only 14 purebred foals were born.
As of 1 January 2009, there were 233 registered Estonian Draft horses, including 84 brood mares and 6 breeding stallions. At that point, concerns were raised about increasing amounts of inbreeding leading to decreased health and reproductive efficiency and increasing amounts of undesirable traits. All six of the breeding stallions were considered inbred, and three were closely related to each other. Because of these low population numbers and limited breeding stock, further inbreeding is almost inevitable. As of 2011, the breed is considered to be endangered and is found mainly in the Lääne-Viru and Ida-Viru counties. The Estonian Draft is one of three recognized horse breeds in Estonia, the others being the Tori and the Estonian Native horse. The Estonian Horse Breeders' Society is responsible for the monitoring and conservation of the breed. Although originally bred for agricultural uses, in the 21st century they are mainly used for small-scale gardening. A few are employed in forestry, while others appear in horse shows and pulling beer wagons. The breed is the least populous of the three Estonian breeds.
# State Highway 1 (Bihar)

State Highway 1 (SH-1) is a state highway in Bihar state. It covers only one districts i.e. Patna district of Bihar state. This state highway starts from Zero Mile near Kumhrar and ends at NH-22 near Masaurhi.

## Route

The route of SH-1 from north to south is as follows:
* NH 22 at Zero Mile/ Kumhrar (Patna)
* Patliputra ISBT
* Sampatchak
* Gauri Chak (Punpun River)
* SH 78 at Beldari Chak
* Dhanarua
* Taregana
* NH 22 at Masaurhi
# State Highway 1 (Madhya Pradesh)

Madhya Pradesh State Highway 1 (MP SH 1) is State Highway running from Rau till Mandleshwar. It is popularly known as Mhow-Mandleshwar Road.
It travels through dense forests and has various places of tourism interest along the route. Jam Gate being one of them. It is a historic Gate built by erstwhile rulers which looks upon the Ghats and Valleys.
# Statuette of a Wolf (6th–5th centuries BC, Ayrum)

Statuette of a Wolf, from the 6th to 5th centuries BC, is a bronze cast figure discovered in Ayrum, Armenia. It is included in the History Museum of Armenia's collection under the number 2225-26.

## Description

Around the hole, there are considerate eyes, and a round snout linearly decorated. The wolf's mouth is open, showing its enormous teeth. The animal has a tense posture, its front legs are stretched in front, and its back legs are slightly bent. The paws include claws. The tail is long, with a curled tip. The wolf and the dog are associated with the underworld.

## Worship

Armenia's ancient belief of dogs was attributed to them being a guide for the dead souls towards the underworld and their ability to revive the dead. The statuette is, of course, for worship and portrays mythical creatures. Deities with the head of a dog, whose ancient Armenian pantheon were linked with death and the beliefs of resurrection.

## Legend

From the ancient stories about the Aralezs, with the addition of Movses Khorenatsi, the legends about Ara the Beautiful and Semiramis were introduced. Accordingly, the Assyrian Queen Semiramis, fascinated by the beauty of the Armenian King Ara, was trying to send him gifts. Rejected, Semiramis decided to achieve her goal using a gun. During the battle, Ara the Beautiful is killed. Distraught, Semiramis gives Ara the Beautiful's body to the Aralezs to lick his wounds in an effort to revive him.
# Statmho

The statmho is the unit of electrical conductance in the electrostatic system of units (ESU), an extension of the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system to cover electrical units. It is sometimes called the statsiemens, with symbol statS.

## Conversion

In the ESU system, the permittivity of free space is set to unity by definition. This results in unit conversions to the SI system containing a power of the speed of light, c, as well as a power of 10. In the case of the statmho, the conversion from siemens (S) is given by:
    1 S ≘ c$^2$ × 10$^{−5}$ s$^2$/m$^2$ × 1 statmho.
The value of c in the SI system is 299792458 metres per second exactly by definition. However, in the era in which the ESU system was in use, the speed of light was determined by measurement and was taken to be approximately 29973000000 centimetres per second.
    1 statmho ≘ 1.112650 pS.
The sign ≘ denotes 'correspondence' between quantities. Equality does not apply, since the systems of quantities underlying the two systems of units are mutually incompatible.
# Stemonoporus nitidus

Stemonoporus nitidus is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
# Stephanotis arabica

Stephanotis arabica, synonyms including Dregea arabica and Marsdenia robusta, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to Socotra and mainland Yemen. It was first described by Joseph Decaisne in 1844.

## Conservation

Marsdenia robusta was assessed as "vulnerable" in the 2004 IUCN Red List, where it is said to be native only to Socotra. As of December 2023, M. robusta was regarded by Plants of the World Online as a synonym of Stephanotis arabica, which is also found in mainland Yemen.
# Stephanothelys

Stephanothelys is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae, endemic to South America.
Species accepted as of June 2014:
* Stephanothelys colombiana Garay - Colombia
* Stephanothelys rariflora Garay - Bolivia
* Stephanothelys siberiana Ormerod - Bolivia
* Stephanothelys sororia Garay - Peru
* Stephanothelys xystophylloides (Garay) Garay - Colombia, Ecuador