OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Torturing Democracy

Torturing Democracy is a 2008 documentary film produced by Washington Media Associates. The film details the use of torture by the Bush administration in the "War on Terror."

## Overview

Produced by journalist Sherry Jones and narrated by Peter Coyote, Torturing Democracy examines the origin of the Bush administration's use of torture as part of US interrogation and detention policy.
Weaving together interviews with primary source documents, the film describes the initial response to 9/11 and the drawing up of legal memoranda, collectively called the "torture memos," that approved and expanded detention and interrogation policies, including the use of what the Bush administration and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) referred to as "enhanced interrogation techniques".
Many of the enhanced techniques, including waterboarding, were derived from a military training program called Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) and were modeled after tactics used to torture American soldiers during the Korean War. SERE training was designed to prepare American soldiers to resist torture if captured.
The documentary includes interviews with US State Department and military personnel, such as former Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage and former detainees held at Guantanamo Bay detention camp, including Shafiq Rasul.
Primary source documents, including the torture memos, interrogation logs, and reports, were released through Freedom of Information Act requests and lawsuits by the ACLU, Associated Press, and the Center for Constitutional Rights.

## Release

PBS did not initially air the film, although it was aired on PBS-affiliated networks. It was suggested that the airdate they proposed, January 21, 2009, one day after President Bush left office, was a factor in their decision but PBS claimed that the date was coincidental.
PBS's airdate offer was declined by the producer, Sherry Jones, as too late, not because of the election but because she felt that it needed to be released when “the news was still breaking.”

## Awards

* 2009 Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award - Domestic TV
# Tortworth

Tortworth is a small village and civil parish, near Thornbury in Gloucestershire, England. It has a population of 147 as of 2011. It lies on the B4509 road, which crosses the M5 motorway to the west of Tortworth.

## History

In the Domesday Book of 1086 the manor is recorded as held by Turstin FitzRolf. Tortworth is noted for its ancient chestnut tree in St. Leonard's churchyard, which became known as the "Great Chestnut of Tortworth" as early as 1150. This tree measured 51 feet in circumference at 6 feet from the ground in 1720. The tree is one of fifty Great British Trees, selected in 2002 by The Tree Council to commemorate the Queen's Golden Jubilee.

## Geography

The Tortworth inlier is the most complete section of "Silurian" rocks in the Bristol and South Gloucestershire area. Old red sandstone is most dominant.

## Notable landmarks

The civil parish contains Tortworth Court. It was formerly the home of the Earls of Ducie, but is now run as a hotel. Tortworth Rectory, was part of Oriel College. It was renowned for its library collection, which was eventually purchased by the Earls of Ducie.
There is a national prison nearby, HM Prison Leyhill, which was converted into a prison from an army hospital in the post-war period. In 1985 the prison won the Windlesham Trophy for the best-kept prison gardens.
# Outline of evidence law in the United States

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to evidence law in the United States:
Evidence law in the United States – sets forth the areas of contention that generally arise in the presentation of evidence in trial proceedings in the U.S.

## Relevance

* Relevance
* Public policy doctrines for the exclusion of relevant evidence
* Burden of proof

## Types of evidence

* Testimony
** Laying a foundation
** Eyewitness identification
** Character evidence
** Habit evidence
** Similar fact evidence
* Documentary evidence
** Authentication
** Best evidence rule
** Self-authenticating documents
** Ancient documents
** Parol evidence rule
* Physical evidence
** Chain of custody
* Real evidence
* Digital evidence
* Exculpatory evidence
* Scientific evidence
** Genetic (DNA)
* Demonstrative evidence
* Lies

## Judicial notice

* Judicial notice

## Witnesses

* Witnesses
** Competence
** Dead man statute
* Direct examination
* Cross-examination
* Witness impeachment
* Recorded recollection
* Expert witnesses

## Privileges

Privilege

## Hearsay and exceptions

* Hearsay in English law
* Hearsay in United States law
* Confessions
* Business records exception
* Excited utterance
* Dying declaration
* Party admission
* Ancient documents
* Declarations against interest
* Present sense impression
* Res gestae
* Learned treatise
* Implied assertion
# Outline of extraterrestrial life

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to extraterrestrial life:
Extraterrestrial life – is any type of lifeform, from prokaryotes to intelligent beings, that is neither native of Earth or transplanted from it. So far, no extraterrestrial life has ever been found.

## Search

* Astrobiology
* Mars
** Viking lander biological experiments
* Meteorites
** Allan Hills 77005
** Allan Hills 84001
** Murchison meteorite
** Nakhla meteorite
** Shergotty meteorite
** Yamato 000593
* Biosignatures
** Red edge
* Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
** Active SETI
** Allen Telescope Array
** Pioneer plaque
** Project Phoenix (SETI)
** SERENDIP
** Technosignature
** Xenoarchaeology
* Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence
** Arecibo message
** Astrolinguistics
** Wow! signal

## Likely requirements

* Circumstellar habitable zone
* Extraterrestrial liquid water
* Planetary habitability

## Potential locations

* Colonization of Europa
* Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
* Habitability of natural satellites
* Habitability of red dwarf systems
* Habitable exoplanet
** Earth analog
** Superhabitable planet
* Life on Mars
* Life on Titan
* Life on Venus
* Life origination beyond planets
* Catalogs
** Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems

## Possible traits

* Extraterrestrial intelligence
** Alien language
* Hypothetical types of biochemistry
** Carbon-based life
** CHON
* Extremophile

## Ideas

* Anthropocentrism
* Carbon chauvinism
* Copernican principle
* Cosmic pluralism
* Drake equation
* Fermi paradox
** Aestivation hypothesis
** Great Filter
** Rare Earth hypothesis
** Zoo hypothesis
* Fine-tuned universe
* Kardashev scale
** Dyson sphere
* Mediocrity principle
* Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact
** Exotheology
** Post-detection policy

## Fringe and conspiracy theories

* Ufology
** Alien abduction
** Close encounter
** Contactee
** Extraterrestrial hypothesis
** UFO religion
* Ancient astronauts

## Extraterrestrial life media

Note: Only nonfiction works in this section
* Books
** Alien Oceans
** Cosmos (Sagan book)
** Evolving the Alien
** Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth
** Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe
* Documentaries
** Cosmos: Possible Worlds

## Persons influential in extraterrestrial life

* Giordano Bruno
* Frank Drake
* Enrico Fermi
* Michael H. Hart
* Stephen Hawking
* Avi Loeb
* Carl Sagan
* Peter Ward

## Extraterrestrial life in fiction

* Extraterrestrials in fiction
** Alien language in science fiction
** Ancient astronauts in popular culture
* List of fictional extraterrestrials
** List of alien races in DC Comics
** List of alien races in Marvel Comics
** List of Star Trek aliens
** List of Star Wars creatures
* Archetypes
** Bug-eyed monster
** Elder race
** Energy being
** Grey alien
** Insectoid
** Little green men
* Plots
** Alien invasion
** Big Dumb Object
** First contact
** Interstellar war
** Space warfare in science fiction
** Space travel in science fiction
# Tony Wong

Tony Wong may refer to:
* Tony Wong, politician in Ontario, Canada
* Wong Yuk-long, birth name of comics creator Tony Wong
# Toter Mann (Black Forest)

The Toter Mann ("Dead Man") is a mountain, 1,320.7 m above sea level (NHN) high, in the Southern Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg. It lies southeast of Freiburg im Breisgau in the municipality of Oberried.
# The Faulkland Quiz

The Faulkland Quiz was an American weekly newspaper based in Faulkland, Delaware. It was founded, edited, and published by John T. Mullins and was in operation for at least one year, ceasing publication in c. 1893. The paper had a circulation of 1,000 by the beginning of 1893 and its motto included the statement "For The Masses."

## History

The Quiz was founded in spring of 1892, by John T. Mullins, an 18-year-old resident of Faulkland. Mullins had become interested in the press at a young age and also operated a paper called the Agent's Guide, which was established four years prior to The Quiz. Mullins was both publisher and editor of the paper, which "consisted of a bit of local news, a lot of material taken from national wires, and a fair amount of literary text." The paper was published once each week, on each Saturday, and featured a motto that included the phrase "For The Masses." Subscriptions cost one dollar, and each edition of the newspaper was four pages long.
A Wilmington newspaper wrote in May 1892 about The Quiz, "[it] makes its fourth visit to-day. It improves with each issue and will no doubt be a leading publication of rural New Castle county in a short time." Each issue featured on the front page a section titled "Local Quiz," which discussed local news. It also included sections for news from local Pennsylvania towns as well as talked about top news from other states in the Middle Atlantic area.
Similar to other papers of that period, The Quiz also included news of popular interest and fictional quotes. However, unlike most papers of the time, it also had an illustrated section detailing current women's fashions, with one article writing about the whalebone supply, an item often used in women's clothing of the era. A large number of advertisements were additionally added in the newspaper, many of which were about different remedies for health issues, such as liver complaints, rheumatism, and catarrh. Advertising costed five cents per line for the first insertion, and three cents for each line afterwards.
Little information is known about the history of The Quiz, and it is uncertain when its last issue was published. Delaware historian Scott Palmer guesses that the paper ended when Mullins accepted a position as an editor with the Evening Journal in October 1892; however, The Quiz was listed in the 1893 edition of the American Newspaper Directory, meaning it was probably still in publication by then, although it definitely was finished by September 1894, when Mullins began attending Delaware College (now known as the University of Delaware).
# Polygrammodes zischkai

Polygrammodes zischkai is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1960. It is found in Bolivia.
# YHS

YHS may refer to:

## Schools

* Yangjae High School, Seocho-dong, Seocho District, Seoul, Korea
* Yap High School in Yap, Federated States of Micronesia
* Yokota High School, Yokota Air Base, Japan
* Yorktown High School (disambiguation)
* Yorkville High School, Yorkville, Illinois
* Yosemite High School, Oakhurst, California
* Youngker High School, Buckeye, Arizona
* Youngsville High School, a public secondary school in Youngsville, Pennsylvania
* Ypsilanti High School, Ypsilanti Township, Michigan

## Other

* A variant form of IHS symbolising the name of Jesus
* Yeo Hiap Seng, a drink manufacturer
* Sechelt Aerodrome, IATA code
# Tennesseellum

Tennesseellum is a genus of sheet weavers that was first described by Alexander Ivanovitch Petrunkevitch in 1925. As of May 2019 it contains only two species, both found in North America, the United States, and on the Marshall Islands: T. formica and T. gollum.
# Tancred and Sigismunda

Tancred and Sigismunda is a 1745 tragedy by the British writer James Thomson. It is inspired by one of the story's from Giovanni Boccaccio's The Decameron.
The original cast included David Garrick as Tancred, Thomas Sheridan as Siffredi, Dennis Delane as Osmond, William Havard as Rodolpho and Susannah Arne as Sigismunda.
# Talk (Yeat song)

"Talk" is a single by American rapper Yeat, released through Field Trip Recordings, Listen to the Kids, Geffen Records, and Interscope Records as a single on September 2, 2022. The song serves as the lead single to Yeat's sixth extended play Lyfe, and found success after going viral on TikTok. In the United States, the song entered at number 42 on the Billboard Hot 100.

## Critical reception

Kieran Press-Reynolds of Pitchfork noted the song's harsh instrumentals and unnerving background vocals, writing: "Police sirens set a frantic scene, and then a shrieking synth catapults Yeat's flexes into the sky: "Head #1 up on these charts, we stuck or what?" Mangled background vocals creep like demonic backup singers shadowing Yeat's steady voice. Barely any other major label rap production in 2022 sounds as unhinged and off-kilter as this."

## Charts

Chart performance for "Talk" :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 55 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 85 |
| Iceland (Tónlistinn) | 31 |
| Lithuania (AGATA) | 58 |
| South Africa (TOSAC) | 63 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 42 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Talk" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| Poland (ZPAV) | Gold | 25,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Tama, La Rioja

Tama (La Rioja) is a municipality and village in La Rioja Province in northwestern Argentina.
# Tam Đảo district

Tam Đảo is a rural district (huyện) of Vĩnh Phúc province in the Red River Delta region of northern Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 65,812. The district covers an area of 236 km². The district capital lies at Hợp Châu town.

## Climate

Climate data for Tam Đảo, elevation 897 m (2,943 ft) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) | 29.0 (84.2) | 30.7 (87.3) | 32.2 (90.0) | 33.4 (92.1) | 33.0 (91.4) | 31.8 (89.2) | 32.4 (90.3) | 30.8 (87.4) | 29.0 (84.2) | 27.3 (81.1) | 24.7 (76.5) | 33.4 (92.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) | 15.0 (59.0) | 17.9 (64.2) | 21.8 (71.2) | 25.0 (77.0) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.8 (78.4) | 24.8 (76.6) | 22.5 (72.5) | 19.3 (66.7) | 16.0 (60.8) | 21.2 (70.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.2 (52.2) | 12.5 (54.5) | 15.4 (59.7) | 19.0 (66.2) | 21.7 (71.1) | 23.1 (73.6) | 23.2 (73.8) | 22.8 (73.0) | 21.7 (71.1) | 19.2 (66.6) | 16.0 (60.8) | 12.7 (54.9) | 18.2 (64.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.5 (49.1) | 10.7 (51.3) | 13.6 (56.5) | 17.0 (62.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 21.1 (70.0) | 21.2 (70.2) | 20.9 (69.6) | 19.8 (67.6) | 17.3 (63.1) | 14.1 (57.4) | 10.7 (51.3) | 16.3 (61.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.5 (32.9) | 7.0 (44.6) | 9.5 (49.1) | 14.3 (57.7) | 16.2 (61.2) | 17.3 (63.1) | 10.6 (51.1) | 9.1 (48.4) | 4.5 (40.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | −1.0 (30.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36.4 (1.43) | 47.0 (1.85) | 82.2 (3.24) | 139.3 (5.48) | 235.6 (9.28) | 354.3 (13.95) | 439.6 (17.31) | 452.5 (17.81) | 325.5 (12.81) | 198.0 (7.80) | 85.2 (3.35) | 35.3 (1.39) | 2,430.9 (95.70) |
| Average rainy days | 17.0 | 18.6 | 21.3 | 19.5 | 17.6 | 18.2 | 20.4 | 20.3 | 16.1 | 13.1 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 203.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 89.0 | 91.4 | 91.3 | 91.0 | 88.1 | 87.8 | 88.6 | 88.8 | 85.8 | 83.3 | 81.3 | 83.0 | 87.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 61.8 | 44.7 | 58.6 | 81.5 | 133.0 | 122.0 | 138.5 | 126.4 | 136.8 | 129.7 | 115.4 | 107.1 | 1,253.7 |
| Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology ||||||||||||||
# Tam Điệp pass

20°07′53″N 105°51′30″E﻿ / ﻿20.131349°N 105.858225°E﻿ / 20.131349; 105.858225
The Tam Điệp pass (Sino-Vietnamese name: Đèo Tam Điệp, demotic folk name: Đèo Ba Dội) is the name of the three passes between ancient Thăng Long and Ninh Bình and Thanh Hóa provinces.
# Tamilnadia

Tamilnadia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae.
Its native range is Indian subcontinent to Indo-China.
Species:
# Tandem Aero

Tandem Aero was a passenger charter airline based in Chişinău, Moldova, which existed from 1998 to 2019.

## Operations

The airline's air operator's certificate permitted the transport of passengers, goods and mail as of July 2007. Apart from passenger charter work, the airline at times operated contracted flights for Air Moldova to Sochi, Bucharest, and Kyiv. In February 2015, the arrangement with Air Moldova came to an end.
In the airline's final years, it attempted to pivot its business model into scheduled passenger operations. It purchased a second-hand Airbus A320, with which it flew a single scheduled route, once per week, between Moldova and Tel Aviv. However, before the airline could expand any further, its operator's certificate was revoked by the Moldovan Government in April 2019, citing safety concerns. This effectively brought the airline to an end.

## Fleet

By 2019, Tandem Aero's fleet consisted of the following:
| Aircraft | In Fleet | Orders | Notes |
| Airbus A320 | 1 | 0 | registration ER-AXN |
| Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia | 1 | 0 | registration ER-EMA, in storage |
At some point, the airline also owned and operated Ilyushin Il-18 and Antonov An-24 aircraft.

## Destinations

By the closure of the airline in April 2019, Tandem Aero was operating the following route:
| City | Country | IATA | ICAO | Airport | Refs |
| Chişinău | Moldova | KIV | LUKK | Chisinau International Airport $^{[Base]}$ | |
| Tel Aviv | Israel | TLV | LLBG | Ben Gurion International Airport | |
# Tanya McQueen

Tanya McQueen (born February 18, 1972) is an American reality television personality and interior designer on the reality television series Extreme Makeover: Home Edition. She made her debut on Extreme Makeover in an October 2005 episode titled, "The Teas Family".
McQueen graduated from Texas A&M. She owns a home in Nantucket, Massachusetts that is a converted 1800s dairy barn.
Prior to her Extreme Makeover: Home Edition career, she lived in Columbus, Texas. In addition to acting, she and her cousin were flipping real estate (persons who purchase rundown houses at deep discounts, repair them, and resell them for profit) operating under the name "Tattered Hydrangea". She was featured on TLC Network's show "Property Ladder", where an ABC producer noticed McQueen and offered her the chance to join the Extreme Makeover Home Edition team.
In 2009, McQueen hosted the series Hitched or Ditched on the CW Network.
On August 2, 2011, McQueen and fellow Extreme Makeover alum Tracy Hutson debuted the show Picker Sisters on Lifetime.
# Tanskanen

Tanskanen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Unto Tanskanen (born 1931), Finnish diplomat and lawyer
* Jani Tanskanen (born 1975), Finnish artistic gymnast
* Vilma Tanskanen (born 1995), Finnish ice hockey player
# Tansié

Tansié is a town in the Diébougou Department of Bougouriba Province in south-western Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 1,027.
# Tamil 99

Tamil 99 is a keyboard layout approved by the Tamil Nadu Government. The layout, along with several monolingual and bilingual fonts for use with the Tamil language, was approved by government order on 13 June 1999. Designed for use with a normal QWERTY keyboard, typing follows a consonant-vowel pattern. The arrangement of the characters allow for fast and simple typing for users familiar with the script.
# Tamm (surname)

Tamm is a surname.
"Tamm" is one of the most common surnames in Estonia. The word "tamm" in Estonian means "oak".
People with the surname Tamm include:
* Aino Tamm (1864–1945), Estonian singer and pedagogue
* Aldo Tamm (born 1953), Estonian politician
* Alex Matthias Tamm (born 2001), Estonian footballer
* Edward Allen Tamm (1906–1985), American FBI agent and federal judge (brother of Quinn Tamm)
* Fabian Tamm (1879–1955), Swedish admiral
* Hugo Tamm (1903–1990), Swedish diplomat
* Igor Tamm (1895–1971), Soviet physicist, 1958 Nobel Prize for Physics
* Ilmar Tamm (born 1972), Estonian Brigadier General
* Jaak Tamm (1950–1999), Estonian politician and businessman
* Joonas Tamm (born 1992), Estonian footballer
* Jüri Tamm (1957–2021), Estonian hammer thrower
* Kiiri Tamm (born 1962), Estonian actress
* Kristjan Tamm (born 1998), Estonian tennis player
* Mary Tamm (1950–2012), British actress
* Peter Tamm (1928-2016), German journalist and collector
* Quinn Tamm (1910–1986), American FBI agent and jurist (brother of Edward Allen Tamm)
* Raivo E. Tamm (born 1965) Estonian actor
* Ralph Tamm (born 1966), American football player
* Reimo Tamm (born 1984), Estonian basketball player
* Riin Tamm (born 1981), Estonian geneticist
* Sebastian Tamm (1889–1962), Swedish rower
* Sri Rama Michael Tamm (1911-2002), Estonian mystic and guru
* Tarmo Tamm (born 1953), Estonian politician
* Tarmo Tamm (born 1966), Estonian entrepreneur and politician
* Thomas Tamm (born 1952), American whistleblower
* Tiit Tamm (born 1952), Estonian ski jumper and coach
* Väino Tamm (1930–1986), Estonian interior designer and professor
* Viking Tamm (1896–1975), Swedish Army officer
# Tanyard, Maryland

Tanyard is an unincorporated community in Caroline County, Maryland, United States.

## History

As far back as 1900, Tanyard was an established post village.

## Geography

Tanyard is located one mile south of Dover Bridge, which crosses the Choptank River and crossroad with Frazier Neck Road.
# Target or Flag

Target or Flag is an album by the American jazz reedist Ken Vandermark, recorded in 1997 and released on Atavistic. It was the second recording of the Vandermark 5, which includes Mars Williams on reeds, Jeb Bishop on trombone and guitar, Kent Kessler on bass and Tim Mulvenna on drums.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| DownBeat | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
In his review for AllMusic, Jason Ankeny states: "Vandermark possesses both a vast sonic range and impressive tonal strength, and backed by ace Chicago area players like Mars Williams and Kent Kessler, his most innovative ideas are executed to their fullest."
The Penguin Guide to Jazz notes that some dedications "betray his affection for the urbane precision of prime West Coast jazz, and his own pieces make the point of following some of the precepts (counterpoint, tonal contrast) which that school lived by."
The DownBeat review by Aaron Cohen states that "Vandermark knows the value of a working band, and the unit on this dics is the most cohesive that he's led... Target or Flag shows that while Vandermark's saxophone aerodynamics brought him an audience initially, it's his writing and bandleading skills that will build his lasting impact."
Target or Flag won the Cadence Magazine Readers' Poll as the best album of 1998.

## Track listing

    All compositions by Ken Vandermark
* "Sucker Punch" – 7:14
* "Attempted, Not Known" – 11:19
* "The Start of Something" – 8:07
* "Super Opaque" – 8:55
* "Last Call" – 7:58
* "New Luggage" – 6:31
* "8K" – 6:41
* "Fever Dream" – 8:45

## Personnel

* Ken Vandermark – clarinets, tenor sax
* Mars Williams – saxophones
* Jeb Bishop – trombone, guitar
* Kent Kessler – bass
* Tim Mulvenna – drums