OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shurooq Amin

Shurooq Amin (born 1967) is a Kuwaiti painter and poet.

## Early life and education

Shurooq Amin was born in Kuwait in 1967 to a Kuwaiti father and a Syrian mother. Her father died when she was 11. She earned her BA in English literature from Kuwait University in 1988 and her MA in modern literature from Kent University in 1989. She earned her PhD in creative writing from Warnborough College in 2007, specialising in Ekphrastic art and poetry.

## Career
### Painting

Amin is a lecturer at Kuwait University, where she heads the College of Business Administration's English Language Unit.
Since her first solo exhibition in 1992, Amin's works have evolved to explore religion and sexuality, challenging cultural and societal boundaries. In 2009 and 2010 she exhibited Society Girls in Kuwait and London. The subject of her 2012 exhibition at Al M Gallery, It's a Man's World, was men in GCC countries. Kuwait City officials shut down the show three hours after its opening, deeming the content "pornographic". According to Amin the authorities focused on a work depicting three card-playing men "drinking 'grape juice' from a bottle which suggested contraband alcohol" and her work My Mistress and Family, which portrays a man with a woman in a minidress sitting in his lap. Her 2013 exhibition in Dubai, Popcornographic, explored taboos in Middle Eastern society. She is represented by Ayyam Gallery. In 2013, she was awarded Artist of the Year by Arab Woman Awards.

### Poetry

Amin writes short stories and poetry. In 1994 she published the poetry collection Kuwaiti Butterfly Unveiled. Her writings have appeared in the literary journals Words-Myth, Etchings, Diode, and Beauty/Truth. She was nominated for a Pushcart Prize in December 2007 for her poem "Framboise Fig and Bronze Nude".
# Spallanzani (Martian crater)

Spallanzani is a crater on Mars, located in the Hellas quadrangle at 58.0° south latitude and 86.4° east longitude. It measures 71.69 kilometres (44.55 mi) in diameter, and was named after Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799). The name was adopted by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature in 1973.

## Description

Pictures from orbiting spacecraft have shown many layers on the floor of the crater.
* Spallanzani Crater with layers, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter).
* Layers in Spallanzani Crater, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). Note: this is an enlargement of the northern side of previous image.
Many places on Mars show rocks arranged in layers. Rock can form layers in a variety of ways. Volcanoes, wind, or water can produce layers.
Many craters once contained lakes. Because some crater floors show deltas, water had to be present for some time. Dozens of deltas have been spotted on Mars. Deltas form when sediment is washed in from a stream entering a quiet body of water. Primitive organisms may have developed in such lakes; hence, some craters may be prime targets for the search for evidence of life on Mars.
# Podbožur

Podbožur (Serbian Cyrillic: Подбожур) is a village in the municipality of Nikšić, in the west of Montenegro. Its population dropped from 222 to only 17 persons, between 1961 and 2003.

## Demographics

Historical population of Podbožur :
| Year | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2003 |
| Population | 200 | 204 | 222 | 140 | 135 | 61 | 17 |
# Zavitinsk (disambiguation)

Zavitinsk is a town in Amur Oblast, Russia.
Zavitinsk may also refer to:
* Zavitinsk Urban Settlement, an administrative division and a municipal formation which the town of Zavitinsk and three rural localities in Zavitinsky District of Amur Oblast, Russia are incorporated as
* Zavitinsk (air base), an air base in Amur Oblast, Russia
# Neotoxoptera formosana

Neotoxoptera formosana or the Onion aphid, is an aphid in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. It was originally discovered in Taiwan in 1921, but has spread all around the world. The aphid is dark reddish brown in color. Host plants include Allium ascalonicum, Allium cepa, Allium chinense, Allium fistulosum, Allium porrum, Allium sativum, Allium schoenoprasum, and Allium tuberosum.
The aphid is a carrier of garlic latent potyvirus and alstroemeria mosaic potyvirus.
# Warwick Selvey

Warwick Perrins Selvey (3 December 1939 – 16 August 2018) was an Australian Olympic athlete who competed in the shot put and discus events.
Selvey won a total of 18 Australian Championships in Athletics between 1960 and 1973 which is a record for male athletes.
He represented Australia at two Olympic Games, making the final of the shot and discus in the 1960 Rome Games. At his only Commonwealth Games, in 1962, he won the discus and finished fourth in the shot put.
He died in Sakhon Nakhon Hospital in Thailand of Cardiac Arrest, following Hip Replacement Surgery.

## Statistics

Personal Bests
| Event | Performance | Place | Date |
| Shot | 17.35m | Melbourne, Australia | 22 April 1962 |
| Discus | 58.90m | Adelaide, Australia | 26 February 1967 |
# West Melton Aerodrome

West Melton Aerodrome (IATA: WML, ICAO: NZWL) is a small airport located in West Melton, Canterbury, New Zealand. West Melton Aerodrome is located just 6 nautical miles west of Christchurch International Airport. It is owned and operated by the Canterbury Aero Club.
# Russian destroyer Steregushchiy

Russian destroyer Steregushchiy or Soviet destroyer Steregushchy may refer to various ships of the Imperial Russian Navy or Soviet Navy.
* Russian destroyer Steregushchiy (1903), an Imperial Russian Navy Sokol-class destroyer launched in 1903 and sunk in 1904 during the Russo-Japanese War.
* Russian destroyer Steregushchiy (1905), an Imperial Russian Navy Ukrayna-class destroyer launched in 1905 which later served in the Soviet Navy and was scrapped in 1924.
* Soviet destroyer Steregushchy (1938), a Soviet Navy Gnevny-class destroyer completed in 1939 and scrapped in 1959.
* Soviet destroyer Steregushchy (1966), a Soviet Navy Kashin-class destroyer in commission from 1966 to 1993.
# Stephanorrhina guttata

Stephanorrhina guttata, common name spotted flower beetle, is a species of beetles of the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Cetoniinae and tribe Goliathini.

## Description

Stephanorrhina guttata can reach about 25 millimetres (0.98 in) in length. It has a brilliant metallic green and red coloration, with white spots on the elytra.

## Distribution

This species occurs in Cameroon and Nigeria.

## Subspecies

* Stephanorrhina guttata aschantica Schürhoff, 1942
* Stephanorrhina guttata colini Schürhoff, 1942
* Stephanorrhina guttata insularis Allard, 1989
* Stephanorrhina guttata meridionalis Allard, 1991
* Stephanorrhina guttata uelensis Allard, 1991
# Yamazato

Yamazato is a restaurant housed in the Okura Hotel in Amsterdam in the Netherlands. It is a fine dining restaurant and has had one Michelin star since 2002. According to Misset Horeca, the American restaurant guide Zagat praised the restaurant in 2001, shortly before Yamazato earned its Michelin star.
GaultMillau awarded the restaurant 16 out of 20 points.
The head chef of Yamazato is Masanori Tomikawa. Tomikawa took over the kitchen in March 2010, replacing Akira Oshima, who had been the head chef since 1977.
Yamazato is a member of the Alliance Gastronomique Néerlandaise. They joined the Alliance in 2003.
# Siege of Nisibis (235)

In 224 AD, Ardashir defeated the Parthian Empire and replaced it with the Sasanian Empire. He began to raid Roman territory almost immediately after he had taken power at Ctesiphon. When Severus Alexander launched a massive invasion of the Persian Empire in the early 230s, the Persian forces drove it back inflicting heavy casualties on the Roman army. The Sasanians then besieged the Roman city of Nisibis in 235 or 237 and eventually conquered it.
# Southern water skink

The southern water skink, cool-temperate water-skink, highland water skink, or Dreeite water skink (Eulamprus tympanum) is a medium-sized (maximum snout-vent length c. 100 mm) species of skink that is endemic to Australia. These skinks are found in New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria as well as on Tasmania's Rodondo Island in the Bass Strait. They are viviparous, mating in spring, and giving birth to live young in mid to late summer.

## Description

The southern water skink is a medium-sized skink with a snout-to-vent length of up to 85 mm (3.3 in). The head and body are mainly olive-brown, with darker speckles. The flanks are olive-brown with pale speckling.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is native to southeastern Australia. It is found in the states of New South Wales, Victoria, the eastern part of Southern Australia and Tasmania, where it only occurs on Rodondo Island. Its habitat is in the vicinity of fresh water and its altitudinal range extends from sea level to near the top of Mount Kosciuszko.

## Ecology

The skink usually lives near small creeks, hunting for small prey such as invertebrates, tadpoles, small frogs and other small skinks. Its metabolic rate increases after feeding to about 2.4 times its pre-feeding level, and remains elevated for up to 48 hours. This is probably typical for an active lizard that feeds relatively frequently and is greater than that found in an ambush predatory species.
Reproduction is viviparous, producing live young in mid to late summer. It has been found that the female can select the sex of her offspring by regulating her temperature; she does this by increasing or decreasing the time she spends basking in the sunshine, though what cues are involved in her decision making process are not fully understood. When adult males are scarce, the litters contain more male offspring and when they are plentiful, more female offspring are produced.
# Plocamium

Plocamium is a genus of red algae in the family Plocamiaceae. It contains around 40 species and has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate seas, although it is most diverse in the southern hemisphere. It is widely distributed in tropical and also warm-temperate and cold-temperate seas, such as northern Europe, the northern Arabian Sea and western Australia. They are also found in the Antarctic regions of Admiralty Bay (maritime Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula) and Terra Nova Bay (in the Ross Sea).

## Description

Plocamium has erect elliptical thalli that grow up to 50 cm (20 in) in length. They are bright red in color with strongly flattened delicately branching fronds that further divide into two to five smaller branchlets. Cystocarps (fruiting parts) are either scattered along the frond margins or found on special short fertile branches, and lack a specialized pore for carpospore release. Tetrasporangia are borne in specialized stichidia (branches of the thallus) of various morphologies.

## Accepted species

Species classified under the genus include the following:
* Plocamium affine Kützing, 1849
* Plocamium angustum (J.Agardh) J.D.Hooker & Harvey, 1847
* Plocamium beckeri F.Schmitz ex Simons, 1964
* Plocamium brachiocarpum Kützing, 1849
* Plocamium brasiliense (Greville) M.A.Howe & W.R.Taylor, 1931
* Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) P.S.Dixon, 1967
* Plocamium cirrhosum (Turner) M.J.Wynne, 2002
* Plocamium corallorhiza (Turner) J.D.Hooker & Harvey, 1845
* Plocamium cornutum (Turner) Harvey, 1849
* Plocamium cruciferum Harvey, 1855
* Plocamium delicatulum Baardseth, 1941
* Plocamium dilatatum J.Agardh, 1876
* Plocamium fimbriatum M.J.Wynne, 2002
* Plocamium fuscorubrum Baardseth, 1941
* Plocamium glomeratum J.Agardh, 1851
* Plocamium hamatum J.Agardh, 1876
* Plocamium hookeri Harvey, 1845
* Plocamium leptophyllum Kützing, 1849
* Plocamium maggsiae G.W.Saunders & K.V.Lehmkuhl, 2005
* Plocamium maxillosum (Poiret) J.V.Lamouroux, 1813
* Plocamium mertensii (Greville) Harvey, 1847
* Plocamium microcladioides G.R.South & N.M.Adams, 1979
* Plocamium minutum Levring, 1944
* Plocamium nanum G.W.Saunders & K.V.Lehmkuhl, 2005
* Plocamium oregonum Doty, 1947
* Plocamium ovicornis Okamura, 1896
* Plocamium patagiatum J.Agardh, 1894
* Plocamium patens G.Martens, 1868
* Plocamium preissianum Sonder, 1845
* Plocamium raphelisianum P.J.L.Dangeard, 1949
* Plocamium recurvatum Okamura, 1913
* Plocamium rigidum Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1834
* Plocamium sandvicense J.Agardh, 1892
* Plocamium secundatum(Kützing) Kützing, 1866
* Plocamium serratulum Okamura
* Plocamium serrulatumOkamura, 1932
* Plocamium suhrii Kützing, 1849
* Plocamium telfairiae (W.J.Hooker & Harvey) Harvey ex Kützing, 1849
* Plocamium violaceum Farlow, 1877

### Nomina dubia

* Plocamium concinnum Areschoug
* Plocamium froelichianum Kützing
* Plocamium subtile Kützing, 1866
# Rocha Pombo

José Francisco da Rocha Pombo (1857–1933) was a Brazilian journalist, professor, poet and historian. He born in Morretes, the son of Manuel Francisco Pombo and Angélica da Rocha. He studied law at UFRJ and began his career in journalism. An ardent abolitionist and republican, he founded the journal O Povo, in whose pages he ran campaigns for both causes.
He was elected provincial deputy for the Liberal Party in 1886. He moved to the Federal Capital in 1897, continuing to work as a journalist and teaching at the Colégio Pedro II and Escola Normal. In 1912, he tried to create a university in Parana, but without success.
He published numerous books, including poetry collections and works of history; the latter included a noted history of Brazil. In 1900, he was admitted as a member of the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute.
He was the third occupant of Chair 39 of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. Although elected in March 1933, in succession to Alberto de Faria, Pombo was very sick and did not take office. He died three months later.
# Neocompsa micromacula

Neocompsa micromacula is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 1999.
# Vladimir Sachs-Petrović

Vladimir Sachs-Petrović (5 July 1879 – unknown date in 1941–1945) was a Jewish-Croatian politician and lawyer. Sachs-Petrović obtained doctoral degree from the Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb in 1905. He was a prominent member of the Party of Rights.
Born in Zagreb to a family of Jewish origin, despite that Sachs-Petrović publicly argued that "Jews are not a nation, but Croats of Moses' faith". Sachs-Petrović was arrested on the day of the 1918 protest in Zagreb, as a leading figure of the Frankist faction of the Party of Rights. In early 1919, after establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (KSCS), he was arrested as a Croatian nationalist and briefly imprisoned. By 1920, Sachs-Petrović moved to Italy where he established a law firm. While in Italy, he joined the Croatian Committee. The organisation aimed at destruction of the KSCS was led by Ivo Frank and, at the time, included Generaloberst Stjepan Sarkotić, Lieutenant Colonel Stephan Duić [de], Emanuel Gagliardi, Niko Petričević, Vilim Stipetić, and Beno Klobučarić.
Sachs-Petrović, along with Frank, was the co-signatory of an agreement with Gabriele D'Annunzio, offering to turn over territory along Dalmatian coast of the Adriatic Sea to Italy in return for assistance in seizing power in Croatia. In 1922–1923, Sachs-Petrović was in the United States lobbying officials and private donors to support Montenegrin rebels. In 1924, Sachs-Petrović and Frank signed the Balkan Federation agreement with representatives of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, Montenegrin and Kosovo rebels in Vienna. The signing was hosted by Dimitar Vlahov and supported by the Soviet Union. Sachs-Petrović was accused of embezzling the money received from D'Annunzio and funding Ante Pavelić after he emigrated from the KSCS in 1929, as well as of working for the KSCS police. After establishment of the Banovina of Croatia within the KSCS in 1939, Sachs-Petrović returned to Zagreb. Following Axis Invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, and establishment of the puppet Independent State of Croatia, Sachs-Petrović requested the authorities to exempt him and his wife Elza from wearing the yellow badge on account of his prior work for the Croatian cause. His request was granted in May when he was awarded the honorary Aryan status. Nonetheless, before the end of the war in 1945, both he and his wife were taken away, presumably to one of concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia and killed.
# Werner V (Salian)

Werner V (c. 899 – c. 935) was a Rhenish Franconian count in Nahegau, Speyergau and Wormsgau. He is one of the earliest documented ancestors of the Salian dynasty that provided German kings and emperors of the Holy Roman Empire from 1024 to 1125.
Werner's origins have not been conclusively established: his ancestor presumably was Werner IV (also called Walaho), who appeared as a count in the Wormsgau about 840 and was married to Oda, a daughter of the Robertian count Robert III of Worms. He inherited the Worms estates, after Oda's brother, Robert the Strong, left his home and rose to power in West Francia. His daughter Wiltrud married the Conradine noble Eberhard (d. 902/03), a count in the Niederlahngau and brother of Conrad the Elder; she thereby became the aunt of future king Conrad I of Germany.
Werner V first appeared as a count in 906; as he was related to the most powerful Franconian dynasties, he quickly assumed a leading position in the stem duchy, particularly after Conrad I had become duke and was elected king in 911. According to the contemporary chronicles by Flodoard, he had the Reims ecclesiastical lands in the Palatinate confiscated and the Bishop of Speyer blinded.
Werner married Hicha (c. 905 – 950), a daughter of Duke Burchard II of Swabia and his wife Regilinde of Zurich. Their only son was Conrad the Red, who was appointed Duke of Lotharingia in 944.
# Wolfgang Heimbach

Wolfgang Heimbach (1615 – 1678) was a North German Baroque painter, mostly active in Denmark.
Heimbach was from Oldenburg and studied in Germany and the Low Countries. He was deaf-mute but compensated by being able to read and write several languages. As court painter, he was temporarily in the services of Anton Günter, Count of Oldenburg but remained in the years 1640 to 1651 in Italy. During this period he worked for the noble houses Doria Pamphilj and Medici. From 1653 until at least 1662, he served as court painter to King Frederick III of Denmark-Norway. From 1670 until his death he was in the service of the Prince Bishop of Münster, Christoph Bernhard von Galen.
Heimbach's most important work is his painting of the homage to Frederik III in 1660. The painting, completed in 1666, is an almost photographic report. The artist has put himself in the foreground next to the inscription section; he waves his hat triumphantly. Heimbach left Denmark in 1667; he probably died in Oldenburg.
# Stefan E. Warschawski

Stefan Emanuel "Steve" Warschawski (April 18, 1904 – May 5, 1989) was a Russian-born American mathematician, a professor and department chair at the University of Minnesota and the founder of the mathematics department at the University of California, San Diego.

## Early life and education

Warschawski was born in Lida, now in Belarus; at the time of his birth Lida was part of the Russian Empire. His father was a Russian medical doctor, and his mother was ethnically German; the family spoke German at home. In 1915, his family moved to Königsberg, in Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia), the home of his mother's family.
Warschawski studied at the University of Königsberg until 1926 and then moved to the University of Göttingen for his doctoral studies under the supervision of Alexander Ostrowski. Ostrowski moved to the University of Basel and Warschawski followed him there to complete his studies.

## Career

After receiving his Ph.D., Warschawski took a position at Göttingen in 1930 but, due to the rise of Hitler and his own Jewish ancestry, he soon moved to Utrecht University in Utrecht, Netherlands and then Columbia University in New York City.
After a sequence of temporary positions, he found a permanent faculty position at Washington University in St. Louis in 1939. During World War II he moved to Brown University and then the University of Minnesota, where he remained until his 1963 move to San Diego, where he was the founding chair of the mathematics department. Warschawski stepped down as chair in 1967, and retired in 1971, but remained active in research: approximately one third of his research publications were written after his retirement. Over the course of his career, he advised 19 Ph.D. students, all but one at either Minnesota or San Diego. Vernor Vinge is among Warschawski's doctoral students.

## Research

Warschawski was known for his research on complex analysis and in particular on conformal maps. He also made contributions to the theory of minimal surfaces and harmonic functions.
The Noshiro–Warschawski theorem is named after Warschawski and Noshiro, who discovered it independently; it states that, if f is an analytic function on the open unit disk such that the real part of its first derivative is positive, then f is one-to-one.
In 1980, he solved the Visser–Ostrowski problem for derivatives of conformal mappings at the boundary.

## Legacy

Warschawski was honored in 1978 by the creation of the Stefan E. Warschawski Assistant Professorship at San Diego. The Stephen E. Warschawski Memorial Scholarship was also given in his name in 1999–2000 to four UCSD undergraduates as a one-time award. His wife, Ilse, died in 2009 and left a US$1 million bequest to UCSD, part of which went towards endowing a professorship in the mathematics department.
# Sail bogey

A sail bogey or sail trolley is a wind-driven vehicle that runs along railway tracks.

## Examples
### Spurn railway

The Spurn railway, built along Spurn Head on the Yorkshire coast of England was built in the First World War and ran until the early 1950s and included sail bogies as part of its rolling stock.

### Teesmouth lifeboat

In the early days of the Teesmouth lifeboat, its crew were sometimes able, subject to wind conditions, to travel out to the lifeboat station at South Gare on a sail bogey.

### Madaras Rotor Power Plant Project

In the 1930s, the US government investigated using rotating vertically-mounted cylinders (90-ft tall by 22.2-ft Dia) mounted on a rake of flatcars in a closed loop on a circular track to generate electricity. The project, known as the "Madaras Rotor Power Plant", used the Magnus Effect to transfer the wind energy into thrust to accelerate the "Train" whilst alternators fitted to the axles of the flatcars generated electricity which was fed back to the system through a trolley system.

### Others

Other locations to have used sail bogies include:
* Cliffe, Kent
* Gosport
* Herne Bay Pier, Kent
* Camber Railway near Port Stanley, The Falkland Islands
* the Dagebüll–Oland–Langeneß island railway, connecting the town of Dagebüll with the Halligen Oland and Langeneß, Germany

## Replica

More recently, in 2005, a replica of a 19th-century sail bogey was built and demonstrated on the Ffestiniog Railway in North Wales.
# Soňa Brázdová

Soňa Brázdová (born 17 February 1953) is a Czech gymnast. She competed in six events at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Truax, Wisconsin

Truax is an unincorporated community located in the town of Union, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, United States. Truax is located along the Union Pacific Railroad near the northwest border of Eau Claire.

## History

The community was named for the Truax family, which owned land in the area.
# Zinc finger protein 275

Zinc finger protein 275 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF275 gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a zinc finger protein that appears to be conserved in eutheria. Its function has not yet been established.
# Neocompsa mimosa

Neocompsa mimosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1971.