OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nwali Sylvester Ngwuta

Nwali Sylvester Ngwuta, CFR (30 March 1951 – 7 March 2021) was a Nigerian jurist and Justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria. He served on the Supreme Court from 2011 until his death in 2021.

## Early life

Justice Sylvester was born in 1951 in Amofia-Ukawu, Onicha local government area of Ebonyi State, South-Eastern Nigeria.
He obtained a bachelor's degree in Law from Obafemi Awolowo University and was called to the bar, the Nigerian bar in 1978 after he graduated from the Nigerian Law School.

## Law career

Justice Sylvester began his law career in 1978 as a state counsel in Benue State ministry of justice, the same year he established his own law firm. In October 1995, he was appointed a Judge of the Abia State High Court. On 22 May 2011, he was appointed to the bench of the Nigerian courts of appeal and in May 2013, he was appointed to the bench of the Supreme Court of Nigeria as Justice.
He presided over the ruling of the Supreme Court that affirmed Olusegun Mimiko as the governor-elect of Ondo State in the May 2013 governorship election. He also presided over the ruling of the Supreme Court that affirmed Kayode Fayemi as the governor-elect of Ekiti State in the June 2013 governorship election and was supported by Justices Ibrahim Tanko Muhammad and Suleiman Galadima. He was arrested by the Department of State Security Services (DSS) on 8 October 2016 on allegations of bribery and corruption. However, the Court of Code Tribunal (CCT) ruled in May 2018 that only the National Judicial Council could determine whether or not Ngwata would face trial. In September 2019, Ngwuta resumed his duties as a Supreme Court Justice after a three-year suspension.

## Membership

* Member, Nigerian Bar Association
* Member, International Bar Association
* Member, Nigerian Body of Benchers
# Nwanedi River

The Nwanedi River is a watercourse in Limpopo Province, South Africa. It is a tributary of the Limpopo River flowing east of the Nzhelele, joining the right bank of the Limpopo 58 km east of Musina at the South Africa/Zimbabwe border.

## Course

The Nwanedi river collects part of the drainage of the northern slopes of the extensive rock formation of the Soutpansberg. The upper Nwanedi is a perennial stream with twin dams where it is met by its tributary, the Luphephe River, in a wooded area of the range. Leaving the mountainous Soutpansberg area, it meanders in a northeastward direction across the Lowveld. This lower part is subject to seasonal fluctuations, being mostly dry during periods of drought, with a few disconnected ponds in the riverbed. There have been problems of surface water contamination of the river in the recent past.
The Luphephe River, its main tributary, rises also in the Soutpansberg, further east from the sources of the Nwanedi.
The Nwanedi Provincial Park is located about 35 km north of Thohoyandou, in a wooded area on the foothills of the Soutpansberg. The protected area includes the confluence of the Nwanedi and its main tributary, the Luphephe River, where the dams are. The park's area is 11,170 ha and it is well stocked with game.
The Nwanedi river should not be confused with the Nwanedzi, or Nwanedsi River a tributary of the Letaba River.

## Dams in the basin

* Cross Dam
* Nwanedi Dam
* Luphephe Dam, in the Luphephe River, a tributary of the Nwanedi
# Oberea pseudoposticata

Oberea pseudoposticata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1961.
# Oberea puncticollis

Oberea puncticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1961.
# Oberea ressli

Oberea ressli is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Demelt in 1963. It is known from Turkey.
# Nyawal

Ngawal (Nawal) is a village development committee in Manang District in the Gandaki Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 274. Ngawal VDC is one of the Seven Village Development Committee in Upper Manang. One of the main attraction of this village is a centuries-old cave of Guru Rinpoche that is on the hills overlooking Ngawal village. The local people believes the cave leads to Mustang. And a monastery in Tibetan Nyingma pa sect which is called Portoche Monastery.
# OPF

OPF may refer to:

## Science and technology

* Gasoline particulate filter (German: Ottopartikelfilter Otto particle filter), capturing soot particles from the petrol engine exhaust gases
* OEB Package Format, an eBook format
* OpenProject Foundation, the foundation for the open source web-based application OpenProject, registered 2012 in Berlin, Germany
* Optimal power flow, a technique used to simulate load flow through an AC power system

## Other uses

* Miami-Opa Locka Executive Airport (IATA and FAA LID: OPF), Florida, US
* Orbiter Processing Facility, a class of hangars at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, US
# Oakdale, New South Wales

Oakdale is a semi-rural suburb or district in Wollondilly Shire in Sydney's southwest in New South Wales, Australia. At the 2021 census, Oakdale had a population of 2,028.
# OPS 9794

OPS 9794, also known as Navstar 8, GPS I-8 and GPS SVN-8, was an American navigation satellite launched in 1983 as part of the Global Positioning System development program. It was the eighth of eleven Block I GPS satellites to be launched.

## Background

Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.

## Spacecraft

The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used to demonstrate the feasibility of the GPS system. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied over 400 watts. They had S-band communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. They were manufactured by Rockwell Space Systems, were 5.3 meters across with solar panels deployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlike the later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft were inclined at 63°.

## Launch

OPS 9794 was launched at 10:21 UTC on 14 July 1983, atop an Atlas E launch vehicle with an SGS-2 upper stage. The Atlas used had the serial number 75E, and was originally built as an Atlas E. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 3W at Vandenberg Air Force Base, and placed OPS 9794 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-27 apogee motor.

## Mission

By 10 August 1983, OPS 9794 had been raised to an orbit with a perigee of 19,917 km (12,376 mi), an apogee of 20,446 km (12,705 mi), a period of 718.00 minutes, and 62.80° of inclination to the equator. The satellite had a design life of 5 years and a mass of 758 kg (1,671 lb). It broadcast the PRN 11 signal in the GPS demonstration constellation, and was retired from service on 4 May 1993.
# Obergesteln

Obergesteln is a village in the municipality of Obergoms in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Obergesteln was an independent municipality until January 1, 2009, when it merged with Oberwald and Ulrichen to form the municipality Obergoms.
# Odartsi

Odartsi is a village in the municipality of Dobrichka, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.
# Off Centaur Publications

Off Centaur Publications was the first "commercial" filk label. It was founded in 1980 by Teri Lee, Jordin Kare, and Catherine Cook. For a short time, Off Centaur produced high quality recordings of some of filk's best performers, and changed the course of filk music. It was dissolved in 1988. Teri Lee would go on to found Firebird Arts and Music.
Like some other filk labels the name was a pun, in this case upon the idiom "off center" meaning eccentric, odd, or unusual -- all of which could be considered legitimate characterizations of filk music. (Other filk labels have included Wail Songs, Unlikely Publications, and Random Factors, illustrating the style of self-deprecating humor common among these publishers.)
Because of the dissolution, releases from this label are very difficult to find. At an Interfilk auction at FilKONtario, a copy of Horse-Tamer's Daughter was sold for CA$400.00. Admittedly, since these are charity auctions to support the filk community, prices at Interfilk auctions do tend to run higher than typical. However, Off Centaur tapes are commonly considered "unobtainium" since few have been republished or re-created, and the best do tend to command collector prices.
Off Centaur Publications was inducted into the Filk Hall of Fame in 1995.

## Notable albums and performers

* A Wolfrider's Reflections, Songs Of Elfquest by Cynthia McQuillin, Mercedes Lackey, Leslie Fish, Julia Ecklar (1984)
* Cold Iron by Leslie Fish (lyrics by Rudyard Kipling) (1983)
* The Best of Chi-con IV - anthology, recorded live at the 1982 Worldcon
* Minus Ten and Counting: Songs of the Space Age
* Space Heroes & Other Fools by Julia Ecklar, Anne Harlan Prather and Leslie Fish (1983)
* Horse-Tamer's Daughter by Julia Ecklar
* Singer in the Shadow by Cynthia McQuillin
* Captain Jack and the Mermaid by Meg Davis
* Lovers, Heroes & Rogues by Michael Longcor
* On a Bright Wind by Kathy Mar (1984)
* Murder, Mystery and Mayhem anthology, lyrics by Mercedes Lackey (1985)
* Past Due by Bill Sutton (1986)
* Rebel Yells—anthology, recorded live at the 1986 Worldcon
* Where No Man...—a collection of Star Trek filk songs (1987)

## Books

* Westerfilk Collection
# Obelisk Square

Obelisk Square can refer to the following public squares:
* Place de l'Obélisque, a central plaza in Dakar, Senegal
* Obelisk Square (Indianapolis), formally known as the Veterans Memorial Plaza, part of the Indiana World War Memorial Plaza in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
# Obelisk Press

Obelisk Press was an English-language press based in Paris, founded by British publisher Jack Kahane in 1929.
Manchester-born novelist Kahane began the Obelisk Press after his publisher, Grant Richards, went bankrupt. Going into partnership with a printer — Herbert Clarke, owner of Imprimerie Vendôme — Kahane, as "Cecil Barr", published his next novel Daffodil under his own imprint in 1931. A writer and publisher of "db's" ("dirty books"), Kahane mixed serious work with smut in his list; he has been described as "a quite bizarre blend of ultra-sophisticated, avant-garde literary entrepreneur and, by the standards of his time, pornographer." He was able to take advantage of the fact that books published in France in English were not subject to the kind of censorship practised in Britain at the time. However, they were still subject to confiscation by British and US customs officers.
Kahane published Henry Miller's 1934 novel, Tropic of Cancer, which had explicit sexual passages and could not therefore be published in the United States; Obelisk published five more books by Miller, as well as Richard Aldington's Death of a Hero (1930), Anaïs Nin's Winter of Artifice (1939), Cyril Connolly's first book and only novel, The Rock Pool (1936), James Joyce's Haveth Childers Everywhere and Pomes Penyeach (1932), Frank Harris's My Life and Loves (1934) and Lawrence Durrell's The Black Book (1938), Squadron 95 by war hero Harold Buckley, James Hanley's Boy (1935) and Some Limericks by Norman Douglas. He reprinted Radclyffe Hall's The Well of Loneliness, which had been banned in Britain in 1928.
Kahane also published many forgotten authors, including Norah James, Canadian poet Laurence Bradford Dakin and Nadejda de Bragança.
Kahane's wife Marcelle and their son Maurice (later known as Maurice Girodias) worked as cover illustrators for the imprint.
Kahane died within days of the outbreak of World War II, having just finished his final book, on 3 September 1939. This book, Memoirs of a Booklegger, marked the end of Obelisk for several years, until his son (who took his mother's birth name, Girodias, during the war to evade detection as a Jew) briefly revived it in the years following the war. Selling in large quantities to the American G.I.s passing through Paris on their return home, Miller's best-known works were republished alongside other English-language books, such as Memoirs of Fanny Hill. Girodias also published a few important works in French including George Bataille's literary review Critique and Nikos Kazantzakis's Alexis Zorbas (1947). Girodias largely abandoned the Obelisk Press name when he discovered that new titles under the name would not sell and he founded the Olympia Press in 1953.
# Observer's paradox

In the social sciences (and physics and experimental physics), the observer's paradox is a situation in which the phenomenon being observed is unwittingly influenced by the presence of the observer/investigator.

## In linguistics

In the field of sociolinguistics, the term Observer’s Paradox was coined by William Labov, who stated with regard to the term:
   The aim of linguistic research in the community must be to find out how people talk when they are not being systematically observed; yet we can only obtain this data by systematic observation.
The term refers to the challenge sociolinguists face while doing fieldwork, where the task of gathering data on natural speech is undermined by the researcher's presence itself. As a field worker attempts to observe the daily vernacular of a speaker in an interview, the speaker, aware that their speech will be used for scholarly research, is likely to adopt a formal register. This produces data that is not representative of the speaker's typical speech, and the paradox lies in the fact that if the researcher was not present, the speaker would use normal vernacular.

## Hawthorne effect

This variant of the phenomenon is named for the Hawthorne Works, a factory built by Western Electric, where efficiency engineers in the 1920s and 1930s were trying to determine if improved working conditions such as better lighting improved the performance of production workers. The engineers noted that when they provided better working conditions in the production line, efficiency increased. But when the engineers returned the production line to its original conditions and observed the workers, their efficiency increased again. The engineers determined that it was merely the observation of the factory workers, not the changes in the conditions in production line, that increased the measured efficiency. The term "Hawthorne effect" was coined in 1955 by Henry A. Landsberger. Many researchers believe that the evidence that a Hawthorne effect exists has been exaggerated.
# Oakham United F.C. (Nottinghamshire)

Oakham United F.C. was a football club based in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. It was formed in 1969 and was in existence up to 1996. There was often some confusion from visiting teams with the club named after an area of nearby Mansfield.
The club's most successful years came in the mid-1990s, finishing twice as runner-up in the Central Midlands Football League Supreme division, before becoming champions in the club's final year in the 1995–96 season. The club was unable to gain promotion from the league due to its Mansfield Hosiery Mills ground not meeting the criteria of the Northern Counties East League, one side of the ground over-lapping onto a cricket pitch. An ambitious plan to move to nearby Huthwaite and change the name to Sutton Town (at the time the old Sutton Town was known as Ashfield United) never materialised and the club resigned from the league.
The Hosiery Mills ground was planned to be developed as the new home of Mansfield Town, but they chose to stay at Field Mill. The ground was closed and the club house was later burnt down by vandals. The site is now a large B&Q store.
A totally separate club of the same name has been formed in Oakham, Rutland playing in the Peterborough and District Football League
# Ocimum basilicum var. minimum

Greek basil (UK: /ˈbæzəl/, US: /ˈbeɪzəl/; Ocimum basilicum var. minimum) is a flowering herb and cultivar of basil.

## Etymology

The name "basil" comes from Latin, basilius, and Greek βασιλικόν φυτόν (basilikón phutón), meaning "royal/kingly plant".

## Culinary use

The Chinese also use fresh or dried basils in soups and other foods. In Taiwan, people add fresh basil leaves to thick soups. They also eat fried chicken with deep-fried basil leaves. Basil (most commonly Thai basil) is commonly steeped in cream or milk to create an interesting flavor in ice cream or chocolates (such as truffles). The leaves are not the only part of basil used in culinary applications, the flower buds have a more subtle flavor and they are edible.

## Chemical components

The Greek basil and various other basils have such different scents because the herb has a number of different essential oils in different proportions for various cultivars. The essential oil from European basil contains high concentrations of linalool and methyl chavicol (estragole), in a ratio of about 3:1. Other constituents include: 1,8-cineole, eugenol, and myrcene, among others. The clove scent of sweet basil is derived from eugenol. The aroma profile of basil includes 1,8-cineole and methyl eugenol.

## Cultivation

Annual herbs can be planted in the garden in spring. Annual herbs are also ideal for containers. Pots can be brought indoors for the winter and placed near a sunny window for harvesting through the cold months. Return the plants outdoors in the spring when the danger of frost is past, or simply replace with fresh plants.

## Culture

Many people in Greece avoid eating basil because of its association with a religious event known as the "Elevation of the Cross". There are no set religious-related rules against eating this herb, but many Greek Orthodox Christians avoid it as part of their personal or family religious practice. According to the story, Empress Helene in 326 A.D. went looking for the wood of the cross that Jesus was crucified on. When she found it, basil was growing in the earth in the shape of a cross. She named the plant "Vasiliki", or basil, which means, "of the king."

### Folk medicine

In folk medicine practices, such as those of Ayurveda or traditional Chinese medicine, basil is thought to have therapeutic properties.
# Offred

Offred may refer to:
* Offred (The Handmaid's Tale novel character), the novel version of the character
* Offred (The Handmaid's Tale TV series character), the television version of the character
* "Offred" (The Handmaid's Tale episode)
# Oakley House

Oakley House may refer to:
* George D. Oakley House, Honolulu, Hawaii
* Audubon State Historic Site, which includes Oakley Plantation House, St. Francisville, Louisiana, a National Register of Historic Places listing in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
* Annie Oakley House, Cambridge, Maryland
* Van Buskirk-Oakley House, Oradell, New Jersey
* John Oakley House, West Hills, New York
* Violet Oakley Studio, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* Oakley (Gallatin, Tennessee)
* Ami and Amanda Oakley House, Springville, Utah
* Oakley (Heathsville, Virginia)
* Oakley Hill, Mechanicsville, Virginia
* Oakley (Spotsylvania County, Virginia)
* Oakley (Upperville, Virginia)
# Oconto

Oconto may refer to:

## Canada

* Oconto, Ontario, a community in Central Frontenac township

## United States

* Oconto, Nebraska, a village
* Oconto, Wisconsin, a city
* Oconto (town), Wisconsin, adjacent to the city
* Oconto County, Wisconsin
* Oconto High School, in Oconto, Wisconsin
* Oconto River, a river in Wisconsin
# Oecanthus pellucens

Oecanthus pellucens, common name Italian tree cricket, is a species of tree crickets belonging to the family Gryllidae, subfamily Oecanthinae.

## Subspecies

Subspecies include:
* Oecanthus pellucens calinensis Jannone, 1936
* Oecanthus pellucens pellucens (Scopoli, 1763)

## Distribution

This species is present in most of Europe, especially in the countries around the Mediterranean with a focus on Southern Europe. The northern boundary runs through northern France, Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic and southern Poland. The first, apparently viable, British colony was discovered near Dungeness in Kent in 2015. In southern Europe there is also the closely related and very similar species Oecanthus dulcisonans. It is also present in the eastern Palearctic realm, in the Near East, and in North Africa.

## Habitat

The typical habitat of Oecanthus pellucens are sunny meadows with high vegetation and dry warm and nutrient-poor areas such as grasslands, sand dunes and brownfield lands.

## Description

The adult males grow up to 10–13 millimetres (0.39–0.51 in) long, the female is slightly larger than the male, about 11–14 millimetres (0.43–0.55 in) long. The colouration of Oecanthus pellucens is yellowish-brown, straw-colored. The body is very elongated and slender. The wings usually protrude out slightly above the abdomen, but can be shorter or longer. The wings of the males are larger than those of females. The antennae are longer than the body. The ovipositor of the female is long and slightly curved. The females are recognizable by the club-shaped end of the ovipositor.

## Biology

Adults can be encountered from July through October. These crickets are mainly nocturnal. The males rub their wings together (stridulation) to produce a subtle but constant, fluctuating in volume sound. They sing from about five o'clock until three o'clock in the morning. After mating, the female lays her eggs in plant stems, especially in grape (Vitis vinifera). In June the nymphs live in the tissue and leaves of the plant. A few days after the last molt the male begins to sing. These crickets are omnivorous and usually feed on leaves or delicate flower parts such as pollen and petals, but also on animal foods such as aphids, spiders and insect larvae.

## Gallery

* Male of Oecanthus pellucens
* Male of Oecanthus pellucens
* Short-winged female of Oecanthus pellucens
* Short-winged female of Oecanthus pellucens