OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Probabilism

In theology and philosophy, probabilism (from Latin probare, to test, approve) is an ancient Greek doctrine of academic skepticism. It holds that in the absence of certainty, plausibility or truth-likeness is the best criterion. The term can also refer to a 17th-century religious thesis about ethics, or a modern physical–philosophical thesis.

## Philosophy
### Ancient

In ancient Greek philosophy, probabilism referred to the doctrine which gives assistance in ordinary matters to one who is skeptical in respect of the possibility of real knowledge: it supposes that though knowledge is impossible, a man may rely on strong beliefs in practical affairs. This view was held by the skeptics of the New Academy. Academic skeptics accept probabilism, while Pyrrhonian skeptics do not.

### Modern

In modern usage, a probabilist is someone who believes that central epistemological issues are best approached using probabilities. This thesis is neutral with respect to whether knowledge entails certainty or whether skepticism about knowledge is true.
Probabilist doctrines continue to be debated in the context of artificial general intelligence, as a counterpoint to the use of non-monotonic logic, as the proper form for knowledge representation remains unclear.

## Theology

In moral theology, especially Catholic, it refers especially to the view in casuistry that in difficult matters of conscience one may safely follow a doctrine that is probable, for example is approved by a recognized Doctor of the Church, even if the opposite opinion is more probable.
This view was advanced by the Spanish theologian Bartolomé de Medina (1527–1581) and defended by many Jesuits. It was heavily criticised by Blaise Pascal in his Provincial Letters and by St. Alphonsus Ligourí in his Theologia Moralis, as leading to moral laxity. Opposed to probabilism is probabiliorism (Latin probabilior, "more likely"), which holds that when there is a preponderance of evidence on one side of a controversy one is obliged to follow that side, and tutiorism (Latin tutior, "safer"), which holds that in case of doubt one must take the morally safer side. A more radical view, "minus probabilissimus", holds that an action is permissible if a single opinion allowing that action is available, even if the overwhelming weight of opinion proscribes it.
The doctrine became particularly popular at the start of the 17th century, as it could be used to support almost any position. By mid-century, such thinking, termed Laxism, was recognized as scandalous.
# Proba (bug)

Proba is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 20 described species in the genus Proba.

## Species

These 22 species belong to the genus Proba:
* Proba aeruginata (Bergroth, 1910)$^{cg}$
* Proba californica (Knight, 1968)$^{icgb}$
* Proba distanti (Atkinson, 1890)$^{icgb}$
* Proba elquiensis (Blanchard, 1852)$^{cg}$
* Proba fraudulenta (Stål, 1860)$^{cg}$
* Proba froeschneri Carvalho, 1986$^{cg}$
* Proba gracilioides Carvalho and Costa, 1989$^{cg}$
* Proba gracilis Distant, 1884$^{icg}$
* Proba hyalina Maldonado, 1969$^i$
* Proba inspersa (Distant, 1884)$^{cg}$
* Proba missionera Carvalho and Carpintero, 1986$^{cg}$
* Proba nigra Carvalho and Carpintero, 1989$^{cg}$
* Proba plagifer (Reuter, 1908)$^{cg}$
* Proba sallei (Stål, 1862)$^{icg}$
* Proba saltensis Carvalho and Costa, 1989$^{cg}$
* Proba signaticeps (Reuter, 1908)$^{cg}$
* Proba tacta (Distant, 1884)$^{cg}$
* Proba tactilis (Distant, 1893)$^{cg}$
* Proba vicarius (Reuter, 1908)$^{cg}$
* Proba vicinus (Blanchard, 1852)$^{cg}$
* Proba vinaceus (Distant, 1884)$^{cg}$
* Proba vittiscutis (Stål, 1860)$^{icg}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Princeton Project

The Princeton Project on National Security is a multi-year, bipartisan initiative to develop a sustainable and effective national security strategy for the United States of America. Under the stewardship of honorary co-chairs George P. Shultz and Anthony Lake, the Princeton Project brings together leading thinkers on national security from government, academia, business, and the non-profit sector to analyze key issues and develop innovative responses to a range of national security threats.
Through support from the Ford Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, Mr. David M. Rubenstein, and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, the Princeton Project has:
* Convened and published the findings of seven working groups that addressed different aspects of national security—including grand strategy, state security and transnational threats, economics and national security, reconstruction and development, anti-Americanism, relative threat assessment, and foreign policy infrastructure and global institutions;
* Held ten conferences in the United States and abroad to explore major issues pertaining to U.S. national security ranging from the use of preventive force to the role of the private sector;
* Commissioned seventeen working papers on critical security topics.
The Princeton Project culminated with the release of its final report, Forging A World of Liberty Under Law: U.S. National Security in the 21st Century, by project co-directors G. John Ikenberry and Anne-Marie Slaughter.
Released on September 27, 2006, the report proposes that the United States must stand for, seek, and secure a world of liberty under law. It argues that Americans would be safer, richer and healthier in a world of mature liberal democracies.
Getting there requires: 1. Bringing governments up to PAR (Popular, Accountable, Rights-Regarding); 2. Building a liberal order through reform of existing international institutions and the creation of new ones, such as the Concert of Democracies; and 3. Rethinking the role of force in light of the threats of the 21st century.

## Princeton Project Staff

Anne-Marie Slaughter, Convener and Co-Director G. John Ikenberry, Co-Director Elizabeth L. Colagiuri, Executive Director Thomas J. Wright, Senior Researcher Dawn Yamane Hewett, Program Manager
# Problepsis clemens

Problepsis clemens is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Australia (Queensland).
# Problepsis conjunctiva

Problepsis conjunctiva is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in India (Sikkim), China (Hainan) and Taiwan.
The wingspan is 28–37 mm.

## Subspecies

* Problepsis conjunctiva conjunctiva (India: Sikkim)
* Problepsis conjunctiva subjunctiva Warren, 1893 (China: Hainan)
# Una bella governante di colore

Una bella governante di colore is a 1976 Italian commedia sexy all'italiana directed by Luigi Russo and starring Renzo Montagnani with Pasolini muse Ines Pellegrini.
In France, the film was released in an adult version with addition of two French-produced hardcore sequences and under the title Poupées sur canapé in 1978.

## Plot

Nicola Salluzzi (Montagnani) is the owner of an insecticide company and his teenage son Simone (Jean-Claude Verné) has the habit of sleeping with his female employees. After Simone has impregnated successive housemaids and put the family name in jeopardy, Nicola and his wife Aspasia (Marisa Merlini) decide to hire a black housemaid, presuming that she will be just too ugly. However, the new housemaid Myriam (Pellegrini) soon attracts Simone with her exotic beauty. On the other hand, Nicola is also troubled in his relationship with his mistress Dr. Santina (Orchidea De Santis).

## Cast

* Renzo Montagnani as Nicola Salluzzi
* Jean-Claude Verné as Simone Salluzzi
* Ines Pellegrini as Myriam
* Orchidea De Santis as Dr. Santina
* Marisa Merlini as Aspasia Salluzzi
* Carlo Delle Piane as Pasquale, Aspasia's brother
* Gianfranco D'Angelo as Prof. Klipper
* Lu-Maria Lise as Nicola's secretary
# Una bruna indiavolata!

Una bruna indiavolata! is a 1951 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia.

## Cast

* Silvana Pampanini as Clara
* Ugo Tognazzi as Carlo Soldi
* Nando Bruno as Autista del taxi
* Carlo Sposito as Giulio Scanagatta
* Rocco D'Assunta as Il ladro
* Luigi Pavese as Commissario
* Virgilio Riento as Cameriere
* Nino Milano as Dino
* Anna Campori as Signora Cartoni
* Alfredo Rizzo as Finto testimone
* Ughetto Bertucci as Camionista
* Liana Del Balzo as Mamma di Giulio
* Gigi Reder as Cameriere al bar della stazione
# Uluköy, Dinar

Uluköy is a village in the Dinar District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 364 (2021). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).
# Private line (disambiguation)

A private line is telephony service using dedicated circuits.
Private Line may also refer to:
* Private Line (band), a Finnish hard rock band
* Private Line (album), by Gerald Levert
** "Private Line" (song), the debut single
# Under Cold Blue Stars

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 80/100 link |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork Media | 6.4/10 link |
| Rolling Stone | favorable link |
Under Cold Blue Stars is the third album by indie folk musician Josh Rouse. It was released in 2002 and was his last album for Slow River Records.

## Track listing

* "Twilight" (Josh Rouse) — 0:28
* "Nothing Gives Me Pleasure" (Rouse) — 3:16
* "Miracle" (Rouse) — 3:58
* "Christmas With Jesus" (Rouse) — 4:14
* "Under Cold Blue Stars" (Rouse, Pat Sansone) — 4:26
* "Ugly Stories" (Rouse) — 5:26
* "Feeling No Pain" (Curt Perkins, Rouse) — 4:19
* "Ears to the Ground" (Jason M. Phelan) — 2:51
* "Summer Kitchen Ballad" (Rouse) — 2:59
* "Women and Men" (Rouse) — 5:06
* "The Whole Night Through" (Rouse) — 2:34

## Personnel

* Josh Rouse - guitars, vocals
* Pat Sansone - bass, keyboards, vibes, guitars, percussion
* Dennis Cronin - trumpet
* David Henry - cello
* Roger Moutenot - guitars, keyboards
* Curt Perkins - loops
* Darren Jessee - drums on 2, 3, 5, 6, 10
* David Gerhke - drums on 4, 11
* Marc Pisapia - drums on 7
* Tony Miracle, Kip Kubin - programming on 5, 8
* Mike Grimes - bass on 4, 11
* This article about a 2000s folk rock album is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Progressive British Muslims

Progressive British Muslims (PBM) was a group of Liberal British Muslims that formed following the London terrorist attacks of 7 July 2005. The organization was founded by Farmida Bi, a candidate for a parliamentary seat representing Mole Valley, three days after the attacks on 10 July 2005.
The organisation was founded to provide a voice for progressive Muslims who believed were unrepresented by existing faith organisations. Its politics were seen to favour collaboration between Muslim and non-Muslim cultures in Britain.
As of March 2012, the organisation appeared to be defunct.
# Professor of Mineralogy (Cambridge)

The Professorship of Mineralogy was a professorship at the University of Cambridge. It was founded in 1808 and discontinued when its final holder retired in 1931. It was replaced by the Professorship of Mineralogy and Petrology.

## Professors of Mineralogy

* Edward Daniel Clarke (1808)
* John Stevens Henslow (1822)
* William Whewell (1828)
* William Hallowes Miller (1832)
* William James Lewis (1881)
* Arthur Hutchinson (1926-1931)
# Prosternodes

Prosternodes is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Prosternodes cinnamipennis.
# Professor of Chinese, University of London

The Professor of Chinese is the oldest endowed position in Chinese in the United Kingdom. The first professor of Chinese at the University of London was held by Samuel Kidd at the University College London, 1837–1842. However the position was not renewed, and while the matter was still under discussion, Kidd died.
A new position, now held by King's College, was endowed in 1845 by, or at least through the good offices of, Sir George Staunton.
In 1904 this position was merged with a chair of Chinese subsequently endowed at University College London, with a donation from the China Association. In 1916 the position was moved to the newly created School of Oriental and African Studies. Scholars to have held the position include Denis Twitchett (1960–68), D. C. Lau (1970–1978), David Pollard (1979–1989), Hugh Baker (1990–2002), and Michel Hockx (2002–2016).
# Underwater Sunlight

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Underwater Sunlight is the twenty-ninth major release and sixteenth studio album by electronic artists Tangerine Dream.
This album marked the first appearance of Paul Haslinger.
"Underwater Sunlight" spent one week on the UK Albums Chart at No.97.

## Singles

Dolphin Dance

## Personnel

* Edgar Froese — Synthesizer, guitar
* Christopher Franke — Synthesizer, electronic percussion
* Paul Haslinger — Synthesizer, grand piano, guitar
* Christian Gstettner — Computer programming
* Monica Froese — Cover photography
# Uncial 0246

Uncial 0246 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 6th century.

## Description

The codex contains a small part of the Epistle of James 1:12-14,19-21, on 1 parchment leaf (29 cm by 20 cm). Written in one columns per page, 27 lines per page, in uncial letters. Survived leaf is not complete.
It is a palimpsest, the upper text has not survived to the present day (ink vanished).
Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 6th century.

## Location

Currently the codex is housed at Westminster College in Cambridge.

## Text

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.
# Umran (magazine)

Umran is a Turkish magazine established in 1991.

## History and profile

Umran was first published in April 1991. The magazine is based in Istanbul, Turkey. It covers thought, culture and politics from an Islamic standpoint.
The frequency of Umran was quarterly in the first year. From the second year to 1997 the magazine was published bimonthly. From 1998 its frequency became monthly.
# Umrali

Umrali is a village in Alirajpur district of Madhya Pradesh state of India.

## Population

As per the Census India 2011, Umrali village has population of 4,727 of which 2,321 are males and 2,406 are females. The population of children between age 0-6 is 823 which is 17.41% of total population.
# Proterocosma dualis

Proterocosma dualis is a moth of the family Agonoxenidae. It was described by Alexey Diakonoff in 1954. It is found in New Guinea.
# Proterocosma epizona

Proterocosma epizona is a moth of the family Agonoxenidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1886. It is found on Fiji.
# Under-23 sport

Under-23 sport is a competitive age category grouping within sports for athletes under the age of twenty-three. An extension of age categories found in youth sports, the under-23 category is for adults who are still in a developmental stage within their chosen discipline. The intention of the grouping is to allow such adults to improve their skills against opponents of a similar standard, as opposed to elite level of competition found in open senior level competitions, where they may not receive competitive opportunities or may find their development hindered by significant ability differences.
The under-23 category roughly corresponds with the age of athletes found competing in college athletics, although in the latter grouping there is a required academic element for student-athletes and typically no upper age limit (in the case of adult learners).
The age group somewhat aligns with social definitions used outside of sport, such as the United Nations' definition of youth as "persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years".

## International competitions

* Under-23 athletics
** NACAC Under-23 Championships in Athletics
** South American Under-23 Championships in Athletics
** European Athletics U23 Championships
** European Cross Country Championships (race)
* Cycling
** UCI Road World Championships – Men's under-23 road race
** UCI Road World Championships – Men's under-23 time trial
** UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior)
** African Continental Cycling Championships (section)
** Oceanian Cycling Championships (section)
** Liège–Bastogne–Liège U23
** Peace Race U23
** Thüringen Rundfahrt der U23
** Tour de l'Avenir (since 2007)
* Football
** Olympic Games
** AFC U-23 Championship
** AFF U-23 Youth Championship
** Africa U-23 Cup of Nations
** GCC U-23 Championship
* Volleyball
** FIVB Volleyball Women's U23 World Championship
** FIVB Volleyball Men's U23 World Championship
** Men's Asian U23 Volleyball Championship
** Women's Asian U23 Volleyball Championship
** Men's U23 African Volleyball Championship
** Women's U23 African Volleyball Championship
** Men's U23 Pan-American Volleyball Cup
** Women's U23 Pan-American Volleyball Cup
** Men's U23 South American Volleyball Championship
** Women's U22 South American Volleyball Championship
* Other sports
** Bandy World Championship Y-23
** European U23 Judo Championships
** European U23 Wrestling Championships
** IWAS Under 23 World Games
** U-23 Baseball World Cup
** World Rowing U23 Championships
# Pržno

Pržno may refer to places:

## Czech Republic

* Pržno (Frýdek-Místek District), a municipality and village in the Moravian-Silesian Region
* Pržno (Vsetín District) a municipality and village in the Zlín Region

## Montenegro

* Pržno, Budva, a village
* Pržno, an inlet in Tivat Municipality
# Pržno (Frýdek-Místek District)

Pržno is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.

## Geography

Pržno is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Frýdek-Místek and 21 km (13 mi) south of Ostrava, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. It lies in the Moravian-Silesian Foothills. The highest point is at 407 m (1,335 ft) above sea level. The municipality is situated on the right bank of the Ostravice River.

## History

The first written mention of Pržno is from 1573. It was then a part of the Frýdek state country that was split from the Duchy of Teschen in 1573.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 357 | — |
| 1880 | 386 | +8.1% |
| 1890 | 380 | −1.6% |
| 1900 | 439 | +15.5% |
| 1910 | 504 | +14.8% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 536 | +6.3% |
| 1930 | 649 | +21.1% |
| 1950 | 643 | −0.9% |
| 1961 | 712 | +10.7% |
| 1970 | 648 | −9.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 651 | +0.5% |
| 1991 | 661 | +1.5% |
| 2001 | 750 | +13.5% |
| 2011 | 991 | +32.1% |
| 2021 | 1,082 | +9.2% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/56 road (which connects Frýdek-Místek with the I/35 road near the Czech-Slovak border) runs along the western municipal border just outside the municipality.
Pržno is located on the railway line Ostrava–Frýdlant nad Ostravicí.

## Sights

There are no protected cultural monuments in the municipality. The main landmark is the Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. It was built in the Neo-Romanesque style in 1909–1910.
# Pržno (Vsetín District)

Pržno is a municipality and village in Vsetín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Pržno lies on the Vsetínská Bečva river, approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Vsetín, 27 km (17 mi) north-east of Zlín, and 265 km (165 mi) east of Prague.
# Pseudis tocantins

Pseudis tocantins is a species of aquatic frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to central Brazil and occurs in the eponymous state of Tocantins, as well as in Goiás, Mato Grosso, and Maranhão states, in the Tocantins and Araguaia River basins.

## Description

Adult females measure 36–38 mm (1.4–1.5 in) in snout–vent length. The overall appearance is robust. The head is longer than it is wide and the snout is rounded. The tympanum is distinct, elliptical in shape. The eyes are big. The toes are fully webbed. Skin is mostly smooth. Preserved specimens are dorsally brown with darker markings.

## Habitat and conservation

Pseudis tocantins is an aquatic frog found in permanent ponds, lakes and swamps. Breeding takes place in these same habitats. It is a common species, but it is threatened by expanding agriculture, overgrazing, infrastructure development (both expanding human settlements and dams), and water pollution. Indeed, the type locality has probably already been decimated by dam construction. Nevertheless, this species is present in several protected areas.
# Pseudis cardosoi

Pseudis cardosoi is a species of aquatic frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to southern Brazil and is known from the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná. The specific name cardosoi honors Adão José Cardoso, a Brazilian herpetologist.

## Description

Males measure 22–46 mm (0.9–1.8 in) and females 30–57 mm (1.2–2.2 in) in snout–vent length. The body is robust. The head is broad and the snout is rounded. The tympanum is distinct. The forearms are robust with robust fingers; no webbing is present. The hind limbs are short and robust with extensively webbed toes. The body and the limbs are dorsally light to dark green, olive, or brownish. There are usually some darker spots or blotches of irregular form. A black or dark green stripe runs along the canthus rostralis; it can be narrow or broad and blot-like. The tympanum is olive, tan or light brown. The lateral surfaces of head, body, and thigh are light yellow. Ventral surfaces are white. Males have paired vocal sac.
The male advertisement call is loud, modulated, and variable, resembling the grunting of a pig.
Three tadpoles in Gosner stages 34–37 measured 79–87 mm (3.1–3.4 in). Of this, the ovoid body made little more than one third. The tail is higher than the body but ends with a flagelliform tip.

## Habitat and ecology

Pseudis cardosoi is strictly aquatic and typically occurs in permanent pasture ponds and still-water pools of slowly flowing creeks at elevations of 700–1,200 m (2,300–3,900 ft) above sea level. It appears to be a diet generalist. The diet consists of mostly insects (mainly Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera) and plant matter. Whether the plant matter is accidentally ingested or represents a supplementary source of nutrition is unknown. Arthropods other than insects and other invertebrates are sometimes present.
Breeding activity has been observed through the warmer season, when temperature exceeds 8–10°C. Tadpoles can be found throughout the year, reflecting their long development time. Males call during both day and night, floating on the water surface. The eggs are deposited singly or in small clumps and fixed to submerged plants. The total clutch size of four amplectant pairs was 70 to 189 eggs. The egg diameter is 2.5–3.0 mm (0.10–0.12 in).

## Conservation

Pseudis cardosoi is a common species that is not facing major threats. It is present in the Aparados de Serra and Serra Geral National Parks. Nevertheless, its ability to colonize new habitat appears limited: two formerly inhabited ponds that dried out did not become recolonized within the next three years, despite their proximity to other inhabited ponds.