OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Benger

Sergeant William Joseph Benger MM (21 November 1894 – 17 October 1917) was a British First World War flying ace credited with five aerial victories over German Albatros D.V fighters.

## Biography

Benger was born in Devizes, the son of Joseph William and Eleanor Dangerfield Benger. By 1903 the family had moved to Ewell, Surrey, as William and his brother Frank entered the Boys School there, while their father was employed as an attendant at Horton Asylum. William left school in April 1909 to work as an errand boy. By 1911 he was working as a butcher.
Benger initially served in the King's Royal Rifle Corps, and transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1917, where he served as an observer/gunner in the Bristol Two-Seater Fighters of 20 Squadron. He was injured in action in a crash landing caused by anti-aircraft fire on 25 June 1917. He scored his first aerial victory on 25 September 1917, in a win shared with Leslie William Burbidge. Two days later, piloted by William Durrand, he set an Albatros D.V aflame over Moorslede. On 3 October, Benger scored an "out of control" victory. Eight days later, he set a D.V on fire and drove another one down out of control. On 17 October 1917 Benger was the observer in Bristol Fighter, No. A7271, piloted by Lieutenant Arthur Gilbert Vivian Taylor, which was shot down over Poelcapelle, Belgium, by Theodor Quandt of Jasta 36. Benger and Taylor were both captured, but died of their injuries shortly afterwards.
Benger's award of the Military Medal was gazetted on 17 December 1917, two months after his death. He has no known grave and is commemorated on the Arras Flying Services Memorial, and on the War Memorial in the churchyard of St Mary's Church, Ewell, alongside his brother Lance Sergeant Frank John Benger, 6th Battalion, Bedfordshire Regiment, KIA 12 April 1917.
# Mycoplasma buccale

Mycoplasma buccale is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma. This genus of bacteria lacks a cell wall around their cell membrane. Without a cell wall, they are unaffected by many common antibiotics such as penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. Mycoplasma are the smallest bacterial cells yet discovered, can survive without oxygen and are typically about 0. 1 μm in diameter.
It was first described in 1974 and is considered a rare inhabitant of humans. The type strain is strain ATCC 23636 = CIP 105530 = IFO (now NBRC) 14851 = NCTC 10136. This species is noted for its ability to recover from the damaging effects of UV light, which usually is fatal to other mycoplasma species tested.
# Płaczek

Płaczek (['pu̯aʈ͡ʂek]) is a Polish surname. It is derived from the noun płacz, "crying". Notable people with the surname Płaczek or Placzek include:
* Abraham Placzek (1799–1884), Moravian rabbi
* Adrianna Płaczek (born 1993), Polish handball player
* Baruch Placzek (1834–1922), Moravian rabbi and writer
* George Placzek (1905–1955), Czech physicist
* Joyce Placzek (1901–1953), English writer under name of Jan Struther
* Marysia Placzek (born 1960), British neuroscientist
* Otto Placzek (1884–1968), German sculptor
* Siegfried Placzek (1866–1946), German neurologist and psychiatrist
# Reflexivity (grammar)

In grammar, reflexivity is a property of syntactic constructs whereby two arguments (actual or implicit) of an action or relation expressed by a single predicate have the same reference.
Reflexivity may be expressed by means of: reflexive pronouns or reflexive verbs. The latter ones may be constructed with the help of reflexive affixes (e.g., in Russian) or reflective particles (e.g., in Polish).
# Vikram A Sarabhai Community Science Centre

Vikram A Sarabhai Community Science Centre, commonly known as VASCSC, was established in the 1960s by the eminent space scientist, Vikram Sarabhai in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. The centre works towards popularising science and mathematics education among students, teachers and the public. Its mandate is to stimulate interest, encourage and expose the principles of science and scientific method and also to improve and find innovative methods of science education. It is located opposite Gujarat University. VASCSC is open to all members of the community.

## Associated Scientists

* C. V. Raman
* P. C. Vaidya
* Pisharoth Rama Pisharoty
* M. S. Swaminathan
* K. R. Ramanathan
* A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
* Yash Pal
* M. G. K. Menon
* A. R. Rao

## Activities

* Enhancing the capacity of schools to improve quality of STEM education
* Conducting STEM outreach programs for students
* Implementing STEM Hands-on teachers’ training programs
* Establishing STEM labs in schools to promote STEM Hands-on learning,
* Advocating the integration of emerging technologies in school education
* Developing innovative Teaching Learning Material (TLM)

## Facilities

* Laboratories (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Electronics, Computers, Astronomy, Model Rocketry, Emerging Technologies)
* Library
* Quadrangle (open exhibition area)
* Science Shop
* Vigyan Drashti
* TLM Workshop

## Major Projects

* Science Express (2007-17)
* Mobile Science Lab

## Awards and Recognitions

* Mahatma Award 2023 for Social Good and Impact
* HCL Grant 2020 finalist, selected through a competitive nation-wide process, received grant for a project to be carried out in the following year
* Times of India Social Impact Award 2011 for Education
* National Award for Outstanding Efforts in Science and Technology Communication from Dept. of Science and Technology, NCSTC, Govt. of India (2008)
* National Award for Best Efforts in Science Popularization among Children’ from Dept. of Science and Technology, NCSTC, Govt. of India (1994)
# Monumento al Sitio de Puebla

The Monumento al Sitio de Puebla is a monument in the city of Puebla's Zócalo, in the Mexican state of Puebla.
# Oesilo

Oesilo is a small town (Suco Bobometo, Oesilo subdistrict) in the East Timor exclave of Oecusse. It is located in the southeast of the exclave, close to the border with Indonesia.
# Stefan Ratković

Stefan Ratković (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Ратковић; fl. 1456–59) was a Serbian nobleman and the last veliki logotet (Grand Logothete) of the Serbian Despotate. His court was in Draginovci, in the Lepenica region of Serbia, where he had his oldest estates. He was known to have already held the title of (standard) logotet in September 1456. He was elevated to the rank of the veliki logotet at the beginning of Despot Lazar Branković's (December 1456-January 1458) reign. He was loyal to Despot Lazar during the succession conflict between Lazar and his brother Stefan Branković on one side, and Grgur Branković, Mara Branković and Thomas Kantakouzenos on the other side. He also sided with Stefan Branković, Helena Palaiologina and their pro-Hungarian party during the plots of pro-Ottoman renegade Mihailo Anđelović in March 1458 which led to Anđelović's downfall and imprisonment. His holdings, which had already expanded during the last years of Despot Đurađ Branković, were further increased with lands all over the Despotate's territory during the reign of Despot Lazar and Despot Stefan as a reward for his loyalty to them and other services. However, they were all under the system of pronoia, in which a nobleman's ownership of his lands was conditional on providing military support to the state, as opposed to baština, the other form of land ownership in medieval Serbia, which was full and unconditional.
However, by 1459, Stefan Ratković, increasingly pessimistic about the greatly reduced and war-devastated Serbia's chances of repelling the ongoing Ottoman invasion, had a change of heart. Stefan Ratković assisted the plans of Helena Paleologina and King Stefan Tomaš, had a leading role in organizing Tomaš's son's marriage with late Despot Lazar's daughter Maria and the illegal seizure of power from Despot Stefan Branković that followed on 8 April 1459. He did this in exchange for a confirmation of his privileges, upgrading of his holdings to baština-status, as well as a grant of 100 houses in Bosnia to be used by him, his family and servants, and an allowance to leave the kingdom with his people and mobile property if and when he desires. When Stefan Tomašević betrayed the hopes of the Serbian Despotate by surrendering Smederevo without a fight, Ratković appears to have left for Bosnia with him.
# Verres (beetle)

Verres is a genus of beetles in the family Passalidae. There are about 11 described species in Verres. They are found in Mexico, Central and South America.

## Species

These 11 species belong to the genus Verres:
* Verres cavicollis Bates, 1886 (Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama)
* Verres cavifrons Kuwert, 1891 (Panama)
* Verres corticicola (Truqui, 1857) (Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua)
* Verres deficiens Kuwert, 1891 (Costa Rica)
* Verres furcilabris (Eschscholtz, 1828) (Central and South America)
* Verres hageni Kaup, 1871 (Mexico, Central and South America)
* Verres intermedius (Kaup, 1868) (Mexico)
* Verres longicornis (Luederwaldt, 1934) (Costa Rica)
* Verres onorei Boucher & Pardo-Locarno, 1997 (Colombia, Ecuador)
* Verres schoolmeestersi Pardo-Locarno, 2014 (Colombia)
* Verres sternbergianus Zang, 1905 (Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela)
# Rakett 69

Rakett69 is an Estonian science competition show, broadcast by Estonian Television and funded by the Estonian Research Council.
European Broadcasting Union elected "Rakett69" as best educational TV show in Europe in spring 2012. It also won the Estonian Science Communication Award in the same year.
The objective of the program is to popularize the natural sciences in Estonia. The contestants run for the €10,000 scholarship to further pursue their career in their chosen field of science. The targeted audience of the program is 75,000 people.

## Set-Up

After a talent show, where each individual shows a bit of what they know, a panel of three judges chooses the few who are good enough to compete for the prize. The chosen contestants are initially divided into three teams, each with its own colour. In each episode the teams are given three assignments of varying difficulty, each with its own time limit. The judging panel awards points, depending on how well each team handled the assignments. The team with the fewest points at the end of the episode must vote a member out (technically, they vote for which team members they want to remain in the show). This goes on until there aren't enough contestants for three teams. The remaining contestants are divided into two teams and the show goes on, with the judges now deciding who remains from the losing team. When the contestants are down to three, they are split up and given neutral assistants to help them handle the assignments.
In the final, the remaining two contestants go head to head in some given theme to get the prize pool of €10,000.

## Seasons

| Season | Original run | Winner | Runner-up | Contestants |
| 1 | January 15 – May 7, 2011 | Juhan Koppel | Jaan-Eerik Past | 12 |
| 2 | January 7 – April 21, 2012 | Timothy Henry Charles Tamm | Kristiina Tüür | 15 |
| 3 | January 12 – April 27, 2013 | Reigo Kebja | Roland Matt | 15 |
| 4 | | Thorny Valk | Janeli Õun | 15 |
| 5 | | Karl Reinkubjas | Kaarel Siimut | 15 |
| 6 | | Frida Laigu | Gregor Randla | 15 |
| 7 | | Karl Vilhelm Valter | Gert Lees | 15 |
| 8 | January 6 - May 5, 2018 | Kadi Siigur | Viktoria Siigur | 15 |
# Tansang

Tansang is a settlement in the Betong division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 135.3 kilometres (84 mi) east of the state capital Kuching.
Neighbouring settlements include:
* Saka 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) east
* Betong 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northwest
* Melaban 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northwest
* Nyelutong 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southeast
* Penurin 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast
* Empaong 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) north
* Ban 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest
* Maja 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast
# Red-rumped warbling finch

The red-rumped warbling finch has been split into two species:.
* Gray-throated warbling finch, Poospiza cabanisi
* Buff-throated warbling finch, Poospiza lateralis
# Washington Mean Time

Washington Mean Time was the time at the meridian through the center of the old dome atop the main building at the old US Naval Observatory at Washington, D.C. This Washington meridian was defined on 28 September 1850 by the United States Congress. The Old Naval Observatory is now on the grounds of the United States Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, southwest of the corner of E and 23rd Streets in Foggy Bottom (north of the Lincoln Memorial). Washington Mean Time was sometimes called Washington Meridian Time. It was never used as the basis of any time zone, although it was the local mean time of the city of Washington before the advent of American time zones on 18 November 1883. It was also used to time astronomical events by users of the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, first published for the year 1855.
In 1897, well after the Old Naval Observatory closed in 1892, the Coast and Geodetic Survey reported that its meridian was 77°3′2.3″ west of Greenwich, which was quoted for the next 50 years in the list of observatories in the Almanac as GMT − 5$^h$8$^m$12.15$^s$. This old Washington meridian was repealed on 22 August 1912. A later version of Washington mean time based on the meridian of the clock room at the exact center of the New Naval Observatory (77°4′2.24″W or GMT − 5$^h$8$^m$16.15$^s$) was still being used in 1950 on a few pages of the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, even though most of its pages used Greenwich Civil Time, the American name for the midnight epoch Greenwich Mean Time. For astronomical purposes, before 1925 a day was considered to start at noon rather than the previous midnight. Thus to convert times of astronomical events before 1925 given in Washington mean time to modern Universal Time it is necessary to add an additional 12 hours beyond the meridian difference from Washington to Greenwich, totalling more than 17 hours.
# Vitali Kuznetsov

Vitali Kuznetsov may refer to:
* Vitali Kuznetsov (judoka), Soviet wrestler, silver olympic medalist in judo
* Vitali Kuznetsov (footballer), Russian footballer
# Villa Madero

19°23′26″N 101°16′56″W﻿ / ﻿19.3904678°N 101.282109°W﻿ / 19.3904678; -101.282109
The town of Villa Madero is a municipal seat in the municipality of Madero in the Mexican state of Michoacán. It was established in 1868 with the name of Cruz de Caminos. According to tradition the first inhabitant of the place was a man named Armas, he is now considered the town's founder. The land where the town currently sits belonged to La Hacienda De La Concepcion. The village is the point of intersection of the paths that lead to Acuitzio, Etucuaro, Curuchancio and Tacambaro, this is why it became known as Cruz De Caminos (Cross Roads).
Cruz de Caminos, was in 1901 part of Acuitzio Del Canje. On July 27, 1914, Cruz de Caminos applied to become a municipality. On October 12, 1914, the agreement to elevate it to a municipality with the name of Madero was ratified. It was named after Francisco I. Madero.
Villa Madero hosts an annual festival named "La Feria del Mezcal". This is about a traditional beverage "mezcal" produced in Etucuaro, a town that is part of the Madero municipality. During this festival, producers give free samples of their product. There are also traditional food stands, different sports activities, a parade and at night people gather in a ballroom to dance with live music.
Villa Madero used to be surrounded by pine forests, but as of 2022 is battling illegal logging, deforestation, encroachment by avocado growers, and depleted water tables. An attempt to institute citizen patrols such as was successful in Cherán was foiled by the Mexican drug cartel. Local farm families are having to haul in water because of the avocado growers have diverted streams to water their orchards.
# Morley Island

Morley Island is one of the Easter Group of the Houtman Abrolhos islands, off the coast of the Mid West region of Western Australia.
# Off You

"Off You" is a song by the Breeders. It was the first single released from their 2002 album Title TK. It was released in March 2002 on 4AD.

## Charts

| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| Canadian Digital Songs | 25 |
# Verrecchie

Verrecchie is a frazione of Cappadocia, in the Province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo, region of Italy.
42°02′09″N 13°14′54″E﻿ / ﻿42.03583°N 13.24833°E﻿ / 42.03583; 13.24833
* This Abruzzo location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Mèo Vạc district

Mèo Vạc is a rural district of Hà Giang province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2019 the district had a population of 86 071 . The district covers an area of 574 km². The district capital lies at Mèo Vạc.

## Administrative divisions

Mèo Vạc District consists of the district capital, Mèo Vạc, and 17 communes: Cán Chu Phìn, Giàng Chu Phìn, Khâu Vai, Lũng Chinh, Lũng Pù, Nậm Ban, Niêm Sơn, Pả Vi, Pải Lủng, Sơn Vĩ, Sủng Máng, Sủng Trà, Tả Lủng, Tát Ngà, Thượng Phùng, Xín Cái and Niêm Tòng.
# Qitabir

Qitabir is a village in Jizan Province, in southwestern Saudi Arabia.
# Violet-capped hummingbird

The violet-capped hummingbird (Goldmania violiceps) is a Near Threatened species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Panama and far northwestern Colombia.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The violet-capped hummingbird is monotypic. It shares it genus with the Pirre hummingbird.

## Description

The violet-capped hummingbird is 8.5 to 9.5 cm (3.3 to 3.7 in) long. Males weigh 3.8 to 4.4 g (0.13 to 0.16 oz) and females 3.4 to 3.9 g (0.12 to 0.14 oz). Both sexes have a straight bill that is mostly black with a pink base to the mandible. The male's crown is iridescent violet-blue and most of the rest of the body is metallic green. Its tail is slightly forked and maroon with wide white edges to the feathers. The female has green upperparts and whitish underparts with gray spots on the throat and green ones along the side. Its tail feathers are maroon with white tips.

## Distribution and habitat

The violet-capped hummingbird is found in several unconnected mountainous areas in central and eastern Panama and extreme northwestern Colombia. It inhabits the edges and interior of humid forest between the elevations of 600 and 1,200 m (2,000 and 3,900 ft) and is most common at around 900 m (3,000 ft).

## Behavior
### Movement

The violet-capped hummingbird is a year-round resident throughout its range.

### Feeding

The violet-capped hummingbird forages for nectar in dense undergrowth, feeding mainly on low flowering shrubs like Salvia, Pachystachis, Palicourea and Psammisia.

### Breeding

The violet-capped hummingbird's breeding season appears to span at least from December to April, but nothing else is known about its breeding phenology. Its nest has not been described.
* Songs and calls
* Listen to violet-capped hummingbird on xeno-canto

### Vocalization

The violet-capped hummingbird's song is "a low, rapid chirping." Its call is "a series of irregularly repeated, very nasal and fairly low-pitched notes, 'kyek...kyek-kyek-kyek...kyek...'" that is typically given while hovering or feeding.

## Status

The IUCN originally assessed the violet-capped hummingbird as being of Least Concern but since 2017 has rated it Near Threatened. It has a small range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. "A slow amount of deforestation may be threatening this species, but much of this habitat has not been affected by man yet." It is considered fairly common to locally common.
# Vikramgarh Alot railway station

Vikramgarh Alot railway station is a small railway station in Ratlam district, Madhya Pradesh. Its code is VMA. It serves Alot city. The station consists of two platforms.

## Major trains

Bandra SVDK express HAPA SVDK express
* Bandra Terminus–Dehradun Express
* Jaipur Superfast Express
* Firozpur Janata Express
* Coimbatore–Jaipur Superfast Express
* Jaipur–Mysore Superfast Express
* Chennai Central–Jaipur Superfast Express
* Ranthambore Express
* Indore–New Delhi Intercity Express
* Puri–Jodhpur Express
* Ratlam–Mathura Passenger
* Phulera–Ratlam Fast Passenger
* Kota–Vadodara Passenger
* Ratlam–Kota Passenger
# Mooreville, Tasmania

Mooreville is a rural residential locality in the local government area (LGA) of Burnie in the North-west and west LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south-west of the town of Burnie. The 2016 census has a population of 303 for the state suburb of Mooreville. While there are some residential allotments, the area is mainly agricultural farming land.
Services are located in the neighbouring suburb of East Cam. The Mooreville Training Track (formerly Armytage) is an equine stud.
There was a former quarry in the area that was proposed to be infilled as land reclamation.
There are a few properties in the area and also in the neighbouring suburb of Ridgley that have exquisite gardens such as the Emu Valley Rhododendron Garden.

## History

An early settler in the district, James Munce, named his property "Mooreville" after his parents' estate in England. Mooreville was gazetted as a locality in 1966.

## Geography

The Emu River forms the south-eastern boundary, and Cooee Creek forms most of the western.

## Road infrastructure

The B18 route (Ridgley Highway) passes through from south-west to south-east. Route C110 (Mooreville Road) starts at an intersection with B18 on the southern boundary and runs north through the locality.
# Of Mythic Worlds

Of Mythic Worlds is an album by composer, bandleader and keyboardist Sun Ra and his Arkestra, recorded in 1978 or 1979 and released on the Philly Jazz label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Spin Alternative Record Guide | 8/10 |
The AllMusic review by Sean Westergaard stated: "This is another album that will probably be tough to find but well worth it".

## Track listing

All compositions by Sun Ra except where noted
* "Mayan Temples" – 7:48
* "Over the Rainbow (Harold Arlen, Yip Harburg) – 5:15
* "Inside the Blues" – 5:45
* "Intrinsic Energies" – 8:40
* "Of Mythic Worlds" – 12:55

## Personnel

* Sun Ra – piano, organ, synthesizer
* Marshall Allen – alto saxophone, flute, oboe
* John Gilmore – tenor saxophone, percussion
* James Jacson – bassoon, flute, percussion
* Danny Ray Thompson – baritone saxophone, flute
* Eloe Omoe – bass clarinet, flute
* Richard Williams – bass
* Luqman Ali – drums
* Atakatune – percussion
# StegoShare

StegoShare is a steganography tool that allows embedding of large files into multiple images. It may be used for anonymous file sharing.

## Features

* Supports various image formats (png, jpg, bmp, gif, tiff etc.)
* Maximal supported hidden file's size is 2Gb, number of cover images in the set up to 65536
* Average capacity is 40% (a 100 Mb file could be embedded into a 250Mb image)
* 128-bit encryption
* Good output images quality (changes undetectable by human eye)

## Use in the file sharing networks

This software can be easily used for anonymous file sharing. An uploader downloads legal images from a public photo hosting site, and embeds the censored file into those images. The uploader then uploads pictures to the public photo torrent tracker and puts the links referencing the stego pictures with censored file's description on a forum or blog. Downloaders, seeders, and public photo trackers, if caught distributing illegal files, are protected from legal prosecution, because they can always use plausible deniability, saying that they knew nothing about the illicit file in the images. This is impossible to prove otherwise, as the human eye cannot differentiate between an ordinary image and a picture with hidden embedded file.

## Vulnerabilities

The cover file manipulation algorithm used is based on fixed location LSB insertion, making its output images detectable to most steganalysis software by a simply Histogram Characteristic Function.