OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vellum (Account Book) Binders' Trade Society

The Vellum (Account Book) Binders' Trade Society was a British trade union formed in 1823, and with a tiny membership representing a small fraction of bookbinders.
It is perhaps best remembered in contemporary times for its president from 1892 to 1898, Frederick Rogers, who in 1900 acted as the first chairman of the Labour Representation Committee, the immediate forerunner of the British Labour Party. Rogers describes the union as small, old-fashioned and decidedly conservative. He assumed office after an unsuccessful industrial action from 1891 to 1892, in support of an eight-hour working day, resulted in the halving of its membership and severe depletion of its funds.
In 1911, it amalgamated with the Bookbinders and Machine Rulers' Consolidated Union, the Society of Day-working Bookbinders of London, Westminster, etc and the London Consolidated Society of Journeymen Bookbinders to form the National Union of Bookbinders and Machine Rulers.

## Secretaries

    1892: A. Goodhew
    1909: Edward Friend
# Venezuelan real

The real (plural: reales) was the currency of Venezuela until 1843.

## History

Until 1821, the Spanish colonial real circulated in Venezuela. On 12 June 1802, a mint was opened in Caracas and issued coins denominated in reales until 1821. Paper money was introduced in 1811 denominated in pesos. The Colombian real circulated in Venezuela from 1821, with some coins struck in Caracas. In 1837, the Colombian real was replaced by the Colombian peso (subdivided into 8 reales), which was itself replaced by the Venezuelan peso (subdivided into 10 reales) in 1842 (though it would take a year for the new coins to enter circulation, replacing the 1820s reales). The "real" moniker would continue to be used as a subdivision of the peso until 1863 when the last coin bearing "real" was struck.

## Coins

From 1802, copper 1⁄8 and 1⁄4 real coins were issued. Silver 1 and 2 reales followed in 1810. In 1812, the Republican government issued copper 1⁄8 and 1⁄4 real and silver 1⁄2 and 1 real. From 1813, the provinces of Guayana and Maracaibo issued copper 1⁄8 and 1⁄4 real coins. The Royalists issued silver 1, 2 and 4 reales between 1817 and 1821. During the period Venezuela was part of Gran Colombia, silver 1⁄4 real coins were struck at Caracas.
# Venezuelan pavilion

The Venezuelan pavilion houses Venezuela's national representation during the Venice Biennale arts festivals. It is located in the Giardini della Biennale.

## Background

The Venice Biennale is an international art biennial exhibition held in Venice, Italy. Often described as "the Olympics of the art world", participation in the Biennale is a prestigious event for contemporary artists. The festival has become a constellation of shows: a central exhibition curated by that year's artistic director, national pavilions hosted by individual nations, and independent exhibitions throughout Venice. The Biennale parent organization also hosts regular festivals in other arts: architecture, dance, film, music, and theater.
Outside of the central, international exhibition, individual nations produce their own shows, known as pavilions, as their national representation. Nations that own their pavilion buildings, such as the 30 housed on the Giardini, are responsible for their own upkeep and construction costs as well. Nations without dedicated buildings create pavilions in venues throughout the city.

## Organization and building

The Biennale began in 1895. When it resumed after a break caused by World War II, Venezuela was invited to participate. The government of Marcos Pérez Jiménez agreed to fund a national pavilion, the first for a Latin American country. Designed by the Italian architect Carlo Scarpa, it was built between 1953 and 1956.

## Representation by year
### Art

* 1954 — Armando Reverón
* 1956 — Mateo Manaure
* 1958 — Régulo Pérez
* 1960 — Hector Poleo
* 1962 — Oswaldo Vigas
* 1964 — Jesús Rafael Soto
* 1970 — Carlos Cruz-Diez
* 1978 — Luisa Richter
* 1976 — Alirio Rodríguez
* 1980 — Oswaldo Subero
* 1988 — Jacobo Borges
* 1990 — Julio Pacheco Rivas
* 1995 — Meyer Vaisman
* 1999 — Victor Lucena
* 2005 — Santiago Pol (Commissioner: Vivian Rivas Gingerich)
* 2007 — Antonio Briceño, Vincent & Feria (Commissioner: Zuleiva Vivas)
* 2009 — Claudio Perna, Antonieta Sosa, Alejandro Otero
* 2011 — Francisco Bassim, Clemencia Labin, Yoshi (Curator: Luis Hurtado)
* 2013 — Colectivo de Artistas Urbanos Venezolanos (Curator: Juan Calzadilla)
* 2015 — Argelia Bravo, Félix Molina (Flix) (Curator: Oscar Sotillo Meneses)
* 2017 — Juan Calzadilla
# Veronica incana

Veronica incana, the silver speedwell, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae. It is native to parts of Eastern Europe and Russia, all of Siberia, Mongolia, and northern China, and has been introduced to Czechoslovakia. A number of authorities consider it to be a subspecies of the spiked speedwell Veronica spicata; Veronica spicata subsp. incana. It is a parent of the hybrids Veronica × czemalensis (with V. porphyriana) and Veronica × grisea (with V. longifolia).
# Vat Green 1

Vat Green 1 is an organic compound that is used as a vat dye. It is a derivative of benzanthrone. It is a dark green solid. Vat Green 1 can dye viscose, silk, wool, paper, and soap.
# Victims of Circumstance

Victims of Circumstance is an American punk-ska band, known for blending pop-hooks with a unique style of ska. Founded in 2005 in Clearwater, Florida, United States, the current line-up includes band members Michael Smyth (vocals & guitar), Glenn Stewart (drums), Lindsey Pittard (bass), Jason Atheney (saxophone), and Devin Johnson (trumpet).
The VOC, as they are known by fans, built a loyal following while playing around their home state of Florida before setting out on a tour that ended with an invitation to The Mighty Mighty Bosstones tenth Hometown Throwdown in Boston, Massachusetts, in 2007. Victims of Circumstance has performed with numerous national acts including Voodoo Glow Skulls, Big D & the Kids Table, The Pietasters, Whole Wheat Bread, Everybody Out!, The Toasters and others.
In 2007 they asked The Mighty Mighty Bosstones' saxophone player and skacore veteran Tim "Johnny Vegas" Burton to produce their first album, Do It Yourself. At the end of 2008, Steve Foote of Big D and the Kids Table produced their second album, Roll the Dice, released in 2009.
In early 2011, the VOC flew to Japan and recorded their first live album, 2011's Live in Japan.
On October 25, 2011, they released their self-produced album Acupunkture and received rave reviews such as - "This album is Great!. It stands up with the best in the genre." - Tim "Johnny Vegas" Burton of the Mighty Mighty Bosstones.
Victims of Circumstance continued touring to support Acupunkture. In July and August 2012, the VOC completed another successful three week European tour which included playing at the world's biggest punk rock festival, Rebellion, in Blackpool, Lancashire, England. The VOC also provided support on their tour for bands such as MXPX, Snuff and the Creepshow.
In the fall of 2012 the band recorded a five-song EP of cover tunes. Titled Decades, it featured one song from each decade from the 1950s through the 1990s. Following that release, VOC returned to the studio to write and record their fourth studio album, No More Heroes.
In 2014, Victims of Circumstance released their fourth studio album No More Heroes. One reviewer noted that the new album "delivers even more of the catchy, fast-paced, horn-driven punk many have grown to expect from Victims Of Circumstance. And as always, there are a few bouncy ska songs thrown in for good measure." Online punk news organization, Dying Scene, selected No More Heroes as their top pick for best punk-ska album of 2014.
In early 2015 the VOC announced their third European tour to celebrate their 10th anniversary. Victims of Circumstance released their fifth studio album in 2020.

## Band line-up

* Michael Smyth - Vocals, Guitar
* Glenn Stewart - Drums
* Lindsey Pittard - Bass
* Jason Atheney - Saxophone
* Devin Johnson - Trumpet

## Discography
### EPs

* Self Titled EP - 2006
* Decades - 2012
* Decades. Vol 2 - 2017

### Albums

* Do It Yourself - 2007
* Roll the Dice - 2009
* Live in Japan - 2011
* Acupunkture - 2011
* No More Heroes - 2014
* Five - 2020
# Victims of Crime Trust

The Victims of Crime Trust was an English charity which aimed at providing care assistance to victims of serious crime, as well as raising awareness of the issues that are faced by victims of crime in the aftermath of the crime.
It was founded in 1994, and from 1996 was extensively involved in support for families of murder and manslaughter victims.
Its founder and director was Norman Brennan, a former police officer.
Its accounts and Annual Returns which should have been sent to the Charity Commission were several years overdue in July 2010 and its website withdrawn from service.
The Charity Commission removed the trust's registration on 9 December 2010 on the grounds that it had "ceased to exist".
# Vervoort

Vervoort is a Dutch toponymic surname. It is a contraction of the name Van der Voort, meaning "from the ford" (fordable place). Notable people with the surname include:
* Ann Vervoort (1977–2010), Belgian dancer and graphic designer
* David Vervoort (born 1977), Belgian record producer and musician
* Désiré Vervoort (1810–1886), Belgian lawyer and politician
* Jonathan Vervoort (born 1993), Belgian footballer
* Marieke Vervoort (1979–2019), Belgian athlete at the Paralympic Games
* Patrick Vervoort (born 1965), Belgian footballer
* Rudi Vervoort (born 1958), Belgian politician, Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region
# Victor (village), New York

Victor is a village located within the Town of Victor in Ontario County, New York, United States. The population was 2,696 at the 2010 census.
The Village of Victor is in the southeast part of the town and is southeast of the City of Rochester.

## History

The region was part of the heartland of the Seneca tribe, but they were driven out by the French in 1687. The village succeeded Boughton Hill as the major community in the town after long years of rivalry with East Victor (then called "Scudderville"). The village was incorporated in 1879.

## Notable people

* Brann Dailor, drummer for metal band Mastodon
* Bill Kelliher, guitarist for Mastodon
* Porter Sheldon, former US Congressman

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.6 km$^2$), all land.
New York State Route 96 passes through the village, which is south of the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90). The northern terminus of New York State Route 444 is in Victor.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census, there were 2,433 people, 935 households, and 665 families in the village. The population density was 1,763.4 inhabitants per square mile (680.9/km$^2$). There were 972 housing units at an average density of 272.0 persons/km$^2$ (704.5 persons/sq mi). The racial makeup of the village was 97.33% White, 0.45% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 0.45% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. 1.27% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 935 households 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 7.9% have a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 28.8% were non-families. 21.7% of households were one person and 5.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.08.
The age distribution was 26.9% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.
The median household income was $54,821 and the median family income was $62,798. Males had a median income of $45,332 versus $30,045 for females. The per capita income for the village was $24,776. 2.4% of the population and 1.3% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 1.4% are under the age of 18 and 4.4% are 65 or older.
# Vexillum salisburyi

Vexillum salisburyi is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

## Description

The shell size varies between 8 mm and 15 mm

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Réunion and the Mascarene Basin; and in the Western Pacific Ocean off the Philippines and Hawaii; also off Australia (Queensland).
# Vexillum scitulum

Vexillum scitulum is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

## Description

The shell size varies between 10 mm and 36 mm.
A small, turreted, fusiform and light-coloured species, with rather flat whorls, undulating axial ribs and clathrated interstices. The whorls are sprinkled with red spots. The aperture is narrow at the top. The base of the shell is slightly recurved. The columella is four-plaited.
(Described as Mitra chariessa) The shell is fusiform. The spire is elongate and turreted. The whorls are somewhat angled, delicately plaited beneath the suture, longitudinally very frequently ribbed, the interstices latticed. The colour is pure white. The columella four-plaited.
A remarkably beautiful shell, pure white with a very slight pinkish tinge, of exquisite sculpture and texture.

## Distribution

This species is distributed in the Persian Gulf, in the Indian Ocean along Madagascar, Mozambique and in the South China Sea.
# Vexillum sculptile

Vexillum sculptile, common name the carved mitre, is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 17 mm.
(Original description) The elongated shell is somewhat cylindrical and a little recurved at the base. The sutures of the spire are rather impressed. The shell is longitudinally closely ridged with beautiful shining riblets. The interstices transversely strongly latticed. The decussating cancellations are so regularly disposed, with the white stramineous and fuscous zoned spiral bands that they can serve to characterize the species. The shell is whitish, faintly spotted with pale brown. The lower portion of the body whorl is pale brown, whitish at the base. The columella is five-plaited.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Persian Gulf; also off the Philippines, Indonesia and the Maldives; in the East China Sea; off the Fiji Islands, New Caledonia and Australia (Queensland).
# Vern Emerson

Vern Emerson (born September 2, 1945) is a former American football tackle. He played for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1969 to 1971.
# Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine

The Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (or ViCPS) is a typhoid vaccine recommended by the World Health Organization for the prevention of typhoid (another is Ty21a). The vaccine was first licensed in the US in 1994 and is made from the purified Vi capsular polysaccharide from the Ty2 Salmonella Typhi strain; it is a subunit vaccine.

## Medical uses

The vaccine may be used in endemic areas in order to prevent typhoid. It is also commonly used to protect people who are traveling to parts of the world where typhoid is endemic.

## Dosing

The vaccine is injected either under the skin or into a muscle at least seven days before traveling to the typhoid-affected area (the CDC recommend 14 days). The vaccine is not effective in children under the age of two.To maintain immunity, the vaccine should be repeated every three years.

## Efficacy and duration of protection

The vaccine offers effective protection the first year after being given (with between 50% and 80% efficacy), second year (31% to 76%), and third year cumulative efficacy of around 55%.

## Biology

The Vi polysaccharide, or Vi antigen, is part of the bacterial capsule found outside of the typhoid bacterium, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Typhi. It is produced by the action of a single gene cluster in the cytoplasm and transported to the surface. This antigen contributes to much of typhoid's virulence, and is important for the infection of intestinal epithelial cells. It is also produced by S. enterica ser. Paratyphi C, the causative agent of paratyphoid fever C.

## Trade names

* Typhim VI (manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur)
* Typherix (manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline)

## Research

A newer conjugate form of the vaccine (Vi bound to a non-toxic recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, or Vi-rEPA) has enhanced efficacy, including protection of children under 5 years of age.
The typhoid conjugate vaccine ("Typbar-TCV") is another Vi-based conjugate vaccine, in this case linked to Tetanus toxoid. It has been approved.
# Victoria Rifles (Nova Scotia)

The Victoria Rifles was a military unit of black soldiers in Halifax, Nova Scotia, that was established in 1860 in the wake of the Crimean War and on the eve of the American Civil War. It was one of the oldest black units established in Canada. On January 30, 1860, at a meeting of the Victoria Rifles, George Anderson was elected Captain and John H. Symonds (First Lieutenant 2nd Halifax Queen's) elected First Lieutenant.
On May 15, 1860, the volunteer companies met at Lieutenant Haliburton's residence to form the Halifax Volunteer Battalion, and a representative of the Victoria Rifles was present. Six companies were chosen for the distinction and five were rejected. The Victoria Rifles company was prevented from becoming part of the Halifax Volunteer Battalion. As an elite Haligonian later observed of the Rifles: “The other companies would not allow them to come near them, to mingle with them, in the event of any united movement rendering it desirable to equalize the companies – they must be kept at a distance.”
Despite this exclusion, on June 8, 1860, the anniversary of Halifax’s founding, the Victoria Rifles and the other volunteer companies and regular troops in the city took part in garrison at the North Common. On July 31, 1860, the Victoria Rifles were present at a ceremony at Government House in honour of the Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII). When the Prince arrived in Truro a short time later, the Victoria Rifles formed a guard of honour on the occasion.
February 1861, the Victoria Rifles mustered at Grand Parade and then followed the 63rd Regiment to Government House to present a loyal address. That evening the company attended a lecture at Dalhousie College.
On October 1–2, 1861, the first provincial rifle match was held in Windsor, with members of all battalions and companies in the competition. Under the white commanding officer, Captain Anderson, the Rifles were represented by Corporal G. Liston and Corporal B. Janey, who ranked 13 and 29 respectively out of 31 competitors.
At the competition, a dispute arose between Captain Anderson and Commander Sergeant John Albro of the Chebucto Grays. Albro was described as expressing “himself more forcefully than complimentary to his fellow soldiers”. A court martial on the matter sided with Albro, and Anderson resigned his position in protest.
# Vicky Dhaliwal

Tarandeep Singh Dhaliwal, known professionally as Vicky Dhaliwal, is an Indian-Punjabi lyricist, singer and former Kabaddi player. He rose to fame after release of "Diamond" by Gurnam Bhullar. He had played Kabaddi at the national level but left due to injury in his shoulder. In September 2020, Dhaliwal released his debut single "1.5 Lakh", featuring Gurlez Akhtar.

## Early life

Dhaliwa' was born in a Jat Sikh family at Rasoli (a village near Patran in Punjab, India), as Tarandeep Singh Dhaliwal. He completed his school education in village Kamalpur Kaleke, where his maternal relatives live and further education in college near his residence.

## Kabaddi

Dhaliwal was the defender in Circle-style Punjabi Kabaddi. He had also played the national level in Kabaddi. He has played for many clubs and academies in his career. He left Kabaddi due to an injury in his shoulder. It took a long time for him to recover from his injury which led him to leave Kabaddi.

## Career

Dhaliwal used to write songs even when he played Kabaddi but had not recorded any songs before. In an interview he "listened to the old and classical Punjabi lyricists and poets like Shiv Kumar Batalvi, Bulle Shah, Muhammad Sadiq, Gurdas Mann, Kuldeep Manak and many more. He got inspirations from them to write good. Also, he got some words from them for his songs." As Dhaliwal was born to a middle-class Jat Sikh family, his parents used to criticise his passion as an unrespected profession in society but still supported him. His career also includes 17 years of hard struggle. In 2015-16, his songs like "Rakhli Pyaar Nal", "Joban Rutte" and many more sung by Gurnam Bhullar, Gurjazz, Manjit Sahota, Miss Pooja and Jass Bajwa were successful.
Nowadays, Dhaliwal is known as one of the best Punjabi lyricist. Also, he has written song "Laanedarniye" form the film Kurmaiyan sung by Gurnam Bhullar. However, "Diamond" is believed his most popular song which was also sung by Gurnam Bhullar. The song has been viewed 536 million times on YouTube. Most of songs of Gurnam Bhullar, Gurjazz are penned by Dhaliwal.
He has also been appeared in some song videos penned by him. When he asked about singing, he said, "Definitely, he would launch his own track sung by himself only in future as lyricist doesn't get that popularity and fame that singer get."

## Songs

List of singles as lead artist, showing year released and album name :
| Title | Year | Other artist(s) | Music Producer(s) |
| "1.5 Lakh" | 2020 | Gurlez Akhtar | MixSingh |
Selected Songs :
* Waake by Gurnam Bhullar
* Sajja Hath by Jass Bajwa
* Jatt Zimindar by Gurnam Bhullar
* Gold Wargi by Jenny Johal
* Laanedarniye by Gurnam Bhullar
* Pakk Thakk by Gurnam Bhullar
* Phone Maar Di by Gurnam Bhullar
* Ohi Boldi by Nisha Bano
* Diamond by Gurnam Bhullar
* Jeeju by Miss Pooja
* Dhakad Yaar by Ajit Singh
* Chobbar by Jass Bajwa
* Deputy by Jass Bajwa
* Mulaqat by Gurnam Bhullar
* Thar Te Baraat by Dilpreet Dhillon
* Laanedar by Gurjazz
* Rakhli Pyar Nal by Gurnam Bhullar
* Winnipeg by Gurnam Bhullar
* Karmawala by Gurnam Bhullar
# Vidyut

Vidyut may refer to
* Vidyut (given name)
* Vidyut-class missile boat of Indian Navy
* INS Vidyut (disambiguation) – several ships
* Delhi Vidyut Board in India
* Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam, Indian electric-power company
# Vieillot's black weaver

Vieillot's black weaver (Ploceus nigerrimus) is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae. It is found in southern Nigeria to Uganda, west Kenya, Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The common name is after the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot.
This species was formerly considered to be conspecific with chestnut-and-black weaver (Ploceus castaneofuscus). The species were split based on the striking differences in the colour of the plumage.
# Vigneswaran

Vigneswaran is a Tamil male given name. Due to the Tamil tradition of using patronymic surnames, it may also be a surname for males and females.
* C. V. Vigneswaran ,Sri Lankan Tamil politician
* Vanniasingham Vigneswaran ,Sri Lankan Tamil politician
* Vigneswaran Sanasee, Malaysian Tamil politician
# View of Collioure

View of Collioure (French: Les toits de Collioure) is a 1905 oil-on-canvas painting by Henri Matisse. It is an example of the style that Matisse employed during his early period of Fauvism. The painting has been in the collection of The Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia since 1948. It was originally part of the Sergei Shchukin collection, and then was at the State Museum of New Western Art in Moscow.