OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# South African cricket team in Australia in 1931–32

The South Africa national cricket team toured Australia in the 1931–32 season and played five Test matches against Australia. Australia won the series 5–0, all of their victories being by a substantial margin, three of them by an innings.

## Test series summary
### First Test

* 27, 28, 30 November, 1, 2, 3 December 1931 (Timeless Test) Scorecard
* Australia won by an innings and 163 runs Brisbane Cricket Ground, Woolloongabba, Brisbane Umpires: GE Borwick and GA Hele
* Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
* 29 November was taken as a rest day.
* There was no play on the third and fourth days.
* HC Nitschke (AUS) made his Test debut.

### Second Test

* 18, 19, 21 December 1931 (Timeless Test) Scorecard
* Australia won by an innings and 155 runs Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney Umpires: GE Borwick and GA Hele
* South Africa won the toss and elected to bat.
* 20 December was taken as a rest day.
* LS Brown (SA) and PK Lee (AUS) made their Test debuts.

### Third Test

* 31 December 1931, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 January 1932 (Timeless Test) Scorecard
* Australia won by 169 runs Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Umpires: GE Borwick and GA Hele
* Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
* 3 January was taken as a rest day.

### Fourth Test

* 29, 30 January, 1, 2 February 1932 (Timeless Test) Scorecard
* Australia won by 10 wickets Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Umpires: GE Borwick and GA Hele
* South Africa won the toss and elected to bat.
* 31 January was taken as a rest day.
* WA Hunt, WJ O'Reilly and HM Thurlow (all AUS) made their Test debuts.

### Fifth Test

* 12, 13, 15 February 1932 (Timeless Test) Scorecard
* Australia won by an innings and 72 runs Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Umpires: GE Borwick and GA Hele
* South Africa won the toss and elected to bat.
* 14 February was taken as a rest day.
* There was no play on the second day.
* JHW Fingleton and LJ Nash (both AUS) made their Test debuts.
* Clarrie Grimmett, who had taken 33 wickets in the first four Test matches, did not bowl a single ball in the match.
* The match aggregate of 234 runs is the lowest in Test match history.
* The total playing time of 5 hours and 53 minutes is still the shortest for a completed Test match.
* Donald Bradman twisted his ankle in the Australian dressing room when going out to field for the 1st South African innings and took no part in the match.
# Patriarch Gregory IV of Alexandria

Gregory IV served as Greek Patriarch of Alexandria between 1398 and 1412.
# South Camden Trust Company

The South Camden Trust Company building is located within the South Camden area of Camden, New Jersey and was listed on the state and federal registers of historic places in 1990. Built in the 1920s, it has long functioned as a church.
# Pastoral Institute of Multan

The Pastoral Institute of Multan, Pakistan, is aimed at aiding the local church grow into a church of witness and mission.
The objective is to aid the lay person to witness to Gospel values, be formative in the faith and an agent of change.
Established in 1971 as a catechetical-pastoral training body, the institute has since developed into a multifunctional center. The staff includes two foreign Dominicans and three lay people, two of them women.
The institute has a 12-member board of directors: the Catholic Bishop of Multan, director of the Pastoral Institute; the Bishop of the Church of Pakistan in Multan; four representatives of other Christian institutions involved in lay formation; two members appointed by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Multan; a nominee of the Dominican vice provincial and two members co-opted by the chairperson.
Although a diocesan institution, the pastoral institute serves the church more at the national level than at the local level. Programs are planned with priorities and goals in mind. There have always been those regular courses for religion teachers, catechists, basic Christian formation and inter-community formation for religious sisters. Also run are regular short programs for youth, women, nurses, primary health care and school-going boys and girls.
Focus, the publication of the pastoral institute for the past 16 years, is an organ of the Conference of Major Religious Superiors. This English review carries articles on selected themes chosen by a board of editors as well as information about local Church activities.
Achchha Charwaha (Good Shepherd), an Urdu magazine, is meant to aid catechists, religion teachers and other part-time church workers. It keeps them in touch with current techniques and approaches in their area of work and knowledge.
In November 1983 a conference on Contextual Theology was held at the Institute.
Christian-Muslim dialogue is another function of the institute. A group of Christians and Muslims meets monthly during which members share ideas and experiences on a selected topic. This provides an opportunity to the members of the two religions to meet and understand one another, thus lessening their differences and misunderstandings.
The general manager of the Institute in 1987 was Francis Daniel. From 1980 to 1996, Father Chrysostom Macvey OP was director of the Institute. From 1996 on Father Raphael Mahanga OP was director. In 2007, Father James Channan OP was director of the Institute. In 2015 Fr. Dr. Jamshed Albert OP is appointed new director of the Pastoral Institute.
The Pastoral Institute celebrated its silver jubilee in 1995.
The Institute also runs a nine-month training course for religion teachers. By 2001, 15 batches of teachers had been trained.
The first seminar in the country keyed to the Synod on the Bible to be held at the Vatican in October 2008, "The Importance of the Bible in the Life of the Faithful", was held August 20–23, 2007, at the Institute. Bishop Andrew Francis of Multan celebrated Mass on the last day of the seminar and urged the participants to introduce the theme of the synod to others.
# Speaker of the Yukon Legislative Assembly

The Speaker of the Yukon Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of that legislature. Although the Yukon Territorial Council was first established by the confederation of the Yukon in 1898, it was not an elected body until 1909, when the position of Commissioner was turned into the Speaker of the Assembly. On December 13, 1974, the territorial council renamed itself to the Yukon Legislative Assembly.
List of Speakers :
| Name | Entered office | Left office |
| Robert Lowe | 1909 | 1912 |
| Alex Gillis | 1912 | 1915 |
| Archie Martin | 1915 | 1917 |
| John Turner | 1917 | 1918 |
| Allan A. McMillan | 1918 | 1920 |
| Robert Lowe | 1920 | 1925 |
| Charles Bossuyt | 1925 | 1928 |
| Frank Carscallen | 1928 | 1931 |
| Andrew Teddie | 1931 | 1937 |
| Ernest J. Corp | 1937 | 1940 |
| Richard Lee | 1940 | 1943 |
| Ernest J. Corp | 1944 | 1952 |
| A.R. Hayes | 1952 | 1958 |
| John Livesey | 1958 | 1964 |
| George Shaw | 1964 | 1967 |
| John Livesey | 1967 | 1970 |
| Ronald A. Rivett | 1970 | 1974 |
| Donald Taylor | December 13, 1974 | 1985 |
| Sam Johnston | July 15, 1985 | December 1992 |
| Alan Nordling | December 14, 1992 | 1994 |
| John Devries | April 16, 1994 | 1996 |
| Robert Bruce | December 4, 1996 | 1997 |
| Doug Livingston | March 24, 1997 | 1997 |
| Robert Bruce | April 14, 1997 | 2000 |
| Dennis Schneider | June 5, 2000 | 2002 |
| Ted Staffen | February 27, 2003 | October 11, 2011 |
| David Laxton | December 5, 2011 | May 10, 2016 |
| Patti McLeod | May 10, 2016 | January 12, 2017 |
| Nils Clarke | January 12, 2017 | May 3, 2021 |
| Jeremy Harper | May 11, 2021 | |
# Patrick Primrose

Patrick Primrose OP (c. 1605–1671) was a Scottish Dominican priest of the Roman Catholic Church, Scottish Vicar General, and royal chaplain to Queen Catherine of Braganza, who died in 1671 after being jailed for two months over winter for celebrating Mass.

## Biography

Patrick Primrose graduated from the University of Edinburgh in 1631. He was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates, that is, licensed to practice law, on 15 January 1635. He was ordained a priest of the Dominican Order. He was in Italy as early as 1649 and was named the Dominican's Vicar General for Scotland on 8 November 1651, the only person ever to hold that title. His appointment to that position required special dispensation because he had not been a Dominican for 12 years as required. He worked first in the Lothians and then in Banffshire.
After King Charles II was restored in 1660, Primrose was appointed a royal chaplain to his Catholic consort, Queen Catherine of Braganza, in the hope that this would allow him some freedom to exercise his Catholic ministry.
He was taken into custody at the Tolbooth of Banff and held for two months in the winter of 1670 for holding Mass. The Domestic Annals of Scotland describe how several months passed after his imprisonment before he was identified as a servant of the Queen. Primrose was then released on condition that he exile himself. The authorities later allowed that he was prevented from leaving by ill health, likely caused by the conditions of his imprisonment. He was granted permission to remain in Scotland until 5 February 1671. The date of his death is unknown, being ambiguously referred to as "the late prisoner" when given the extended period to remain.
He is sometimes reported to have died in prison, although the location of his death is at most uncertain.
He was buried in the grounds of the pre-Reformation church of St. Peter, Drumdelgie, at the River Deveron near Milton of Strathbogie (now Huntly) in the former parish of Botary. His monument there was ordered demolished by the authorities, citing the penal laws, on 4 March 1672.
The Dominicans of Edinburgh retain Primrose's chalice, identified by an inscription on its base.
# Patricia Hynes

Patricia M. Hynes is an American trial lawyer serving the law firm Allen & Overy. She also served as former President of the New York City Bar Association.

## Education and career

Patricia M. Hynes attended Queens College and received her Juris Doctor from Fordham University.
Hynes taught Trial Advocacy at Harvard and Fordham Law Schools, and lectured on Securities Law, Class Actions, and Civil RICO. From 2000-2001, she was Chair of the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary. From 2003 to 2006, Hynes served as Chair of the Board of Directors of The Legal Aid Society and oversaw the successful financial restructuring of the Society that saved it from bankruptcy. From 2004 through 2007, Pat was a member of the Departmental Disciplinary Committee of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, First Judicial Department.
Patricia Hynes is currently senior counsel at Allen & Overy where she specializes in complex litigation.

## Awards

Hynes has received numerous awards recognizing her pro bono work and prominence as a trial lawyer, including:
* 2010: Super Lawyers - Corporate Counsel Edition
* 2010 Chambers USA recognized Pat as "a tough, smart litigator who quickly gets to the crux of the matter"
* 1993-2010: Best Lawyers in America
* 1984-2010: Fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers
* 2008 and 1998: National Law Journal: "50 Most Influential Women Lawyers in America"
* 2007: "The Best Lawyers in America: Annual Guide to Commercial Litigation"
* 2007: Citizens Union of the City of New York Robert F. Wagner, Jr. Award "for her contributions and exemplary leadership in strengthening the civic life of New York City"
* 2001: National Law Journal's "50 Top Women Litigators"
* Fellow of the International Academy of Trial Lawyers
* 1996: "Woman of Power and Influence" award from the New York City chapter of the National Organization for Women
* 1995-2000: Second Circuit Representative on the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary

## Sources

* Patricia Hynes Biography at Allen & Overy
# Pat Andrea

Pat Andrea (born 1942) is a Dutch contemporary painter and sculptor. He is one of the representatives of the New Subjectivity.

## Biography

Pat Andrea was born in 1942 in The Hague, Netherlands. He is the son of the illustrator Metty Naezer and the painter Kees Andrea.
From 1960 to 1965, Pat Andrea studied at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague, where he was a student of the painter Co Westerik. Along with Walter Nobbe and Peter Blokhuis, he founded the ABN Group (from their initials: A ndrea, B lokhuis, N obbe ). They came to be associated with the Nieuwe Haagse School.
In 1977, Jean Clair invited him to participate in the exhibition La nouvelle subjectivité in the Paris Fall Festival, along with Jim Dine, David Hockney, R. B. Kitaj, Raymond Mason, and Olivier O. Olivier.
He traveled to Latin America and settled in Buenos Aires, where he remained for several years. From 1989 he started to make sculptures in bronze.
Pat Andrea teaches at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
Locating himself between Francis Bacon and Balthus ("entre Bacon et Balthus"), Pat Andrea has developed a figurative painting style depicting an ambiguous and murky universe.

## Distinctions

In 1964 Andrea won the Jacob Maris Prize (Jacob Marisprijs) for drawing and in 1971 received the Royal Prize for Painting (Koninklijke Prijs voor Vrije Schilderkunst).
In 2002 he was elected a corresponding member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts of the Institut de France.

## Exhibitions

From June to September 2007 he presented 48 paintings illustrating the works of Lewis Carroll at the Château de Chenonceau. This was the result of an editorial collaboration with Diane de Selliers. The same collection could be seen in the Santa Monica Art Centre, Barcelona, in 2010.
His paintings can be seen in the Victor Saavedra Gallery, Barcelona. His work is represented by the Bertrand Delacroix Gallery in the United States.

## Other work

Pat Andrea designed the cover for the Dutch train schedule for the year 1979/1980, depicting Rembrandt with a startled expression, painting a train.
# Patricia Skinner (fencer)

Patricia C. Skinner (born 12 May 1930) is a former fencer. She competed in the women's individual foil event at the 1964 Summer Olympics representing Northern Rhodesia.
# Species discovery curve

In ecology, the species discovery curve (also known as a species accumulation curve or collector's curve) is a graph recording the cumulative number of species of living things recorded in a particular environment as a function of the cumulative effort expended searching for them (usually measured in person-hours). It is related to, but not identical with, the species-area curve.
The species discovery curve will necessarily be increasing, and will normally be negatively accelerated (that is, its rate of increase will slow down). Plotting the curve gives a way of estimating the number of additional species that will be discovered with further effort. This is usually done by fitting some kind of functional form to the curve, either by eye or by using non-linear regression techniques. Commonly used functional forms include the logarithmic function and the negative exponential function. The advantage of the negative exponential function is that it tends to an asymptote which equals the number of species that would be discovered if infinite effort is expended. However, some theoretical approaches imply that the logarithmic curve may be more appropriate, implying that though species discovery will slow down with increasing effort, it will never entirely cease, so there is no asymptote, and if infinite effort was expended, an infinite number of species would be discovered. An example in which one would not expect the function to asymptote is in the study of genetic sequences where new mutations and sequencing errors may lead to infinite variants.
The first theoretical investigation of the species-discovery process was in a classic paper by Fisher, Corbet and Williams (1943), which was based on a large collection of butterflies made in Malaya. Theoretical statistical work on the problem continues, see for example the recent paper by Chao and Shen (2004). The theory is linked to that of Zipf's law.
The same approach is used in many other fields. For example, in ethology, it can be applied to the number of distinct fixed action patterns that will be discovered as a function of cumulative effort studying the behaviour of a species of animal; in molecular genetics it is now being applied to the number of distinct genes that are discovered; and in literary studies, it can be used to estimate the total vocabulary of a writer from the given sample of his or her recorded works (see Efron & Thisted, 1976).
# Spaceline

Spaceline may refer to:
* An organization in the space tourism industry, such as Space Adventures and Virgin Galactic
* Karman line, the line demarcating the start of space, from the ground, at 100km, as defined by the FAI.Spaceline
# Spaceliner

Spaceliner may refer to:
* SpaceLiner, a suborbital spaceplane developed by DLR
* Mitsubishi Space Liner car
* Spacecraft in general
* Starship analogs of oceanliners or airliners
* Intercontinental Earth-to-Earth spaceflight that enters outer space on the journey, such as is proposed for the SpaceX BFR spaceship
# Patrick Lemasle

Patrick Lemasle (born 18 May 1952) was a member of the National Assembly of France from 2002 to 2017. He represented the 7th constituency of the Haute-Garonne department, as a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.
He was a member of the Finance Committee.
# Patrick Sheehy

Sir Patrick Sheehy (2 September 1930 – 23 July 2019) was a British businessman who was chairman of British American Tobacco. In 1992, he was appointed chairman of the Inquiry into Police Responsibilities and Rewards (known as the Sheehy Inquiry), charged with reviewing police services in the United Kingdom.
He was knighted in the 1991 New Year Honours.
# Patrick Shepherd

Patrick Lindesay Crawford Shepherd (17 March 1831 – 3 July 1903), commonly referred to as P. L. C. Shepherd, was an Australian seed merchant and politician.
He was born in Sydney to nurseryman Thomas Shepherd and Jane Henderson. He was a stockman before joining his father at their nursery at Newtown. He established his own seed and plant business. On 19 May 1857 he married Isabella Deane (1830–1876), daughter of John Philip Deane, with whom he had ten children; a second marriage, on 15 December 1877 to Sarah Jane Una "Jennie" Barnier (1849–1945), produced a further seven children. He joined the Volunteer Artillery in 1861, retiring a major in 1876. In 1874 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Nepean, but he retired in 1877. In 1888 he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, where he remained until his death at Burwood in 1903.
# Patrick Sheehan

Patrick Sheehan may refer to:
* Patrick Sheehan (golfer) (born 1969), PGA Tour golfer
* Patrick Augustine Sheehan (1852–1913), Irish Catholic clergyman
* P. A. Ó Síocháin (1905–1995), Irish journalist, author, lawyer and Irish language activist
* P. J. Sheehan (born 1933), Cork politician
* Patrick Sheehan (Illinois politician), member of the Illinois House of Representatives
* Pat Sheehan (Irish republican) (born 1958), Northern Ireland MLA
* Patrick Sheehan (Oregon politician), politician in Oregon
* Patrick Francis Sheehan (1932–2012), Roman Catholic bishop in Nigeria
* "Glen of Aherlow" (song), also known as "Patrick Sheehan", an Irish song by Charles Kickham
# Paul Andrews (scientist)

Paul L. R. Andrews (born 1953) is a British physiologist whose basic research on the mechanisms of action and efficacy of antiemetic substances contributed to development of treatments for anti-cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
He also conducted research on the comparative neurophysiology of fish and octopus, partly undertaken in collaboration with J. Z. Young.
He received the Pfizer Academic Award in 1989 for "studies which have furthered our understanding of the nervous control of gut function".

## Career

Andrews was educated at the University of Sheffield where he obtained a B.Sc degree in physiology in 1974 followed by a Ph.D in neurophysiology in 1979 before becoming Lecturer in physiology at the University of Edinburgh in 1980. He was appointed Lecturer in the Department of Physiology at St. George's Hospital Medical School (now known as St George’s, University of London) in 1983, becoming a professor there in 1998.
He is an emeritus professor in the Division of Biomedical Sciences at St George’s, University of London and senior research fellow at the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.

## Research work

Paul Andrews studied the neurophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms and efficacies of receptor antagonists that have contributed to the development of treatments for reducing the effects of nausea and vomiting (emesis) associated with treating cancer by cytotoxic drugs (e.g. cisplatin).
He contributed to demonstrating the anti-emetic efficacy of tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists currently in widespread use (see Clinical use) for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Collaborating with Gareth Sanger, who demonstrated the anti-emetic efficacy of 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, they proposed that 5-HT3 receptor antagonists work to prevent cytotoxic-associated vomiting by blocking the ability of 5-HT to activate 5-HT3 receptors on abdominal vagal nerve terminals. They proposed this desensitizes the vagus to the pro-emetic stimulatory actions of 5-HT and other substances (e.g., prostanoid) released during the cytotoxic treatment.

### Clinical use

The selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist BRL43694 or granisetron was developed by Beecham Pharmaceuticals following the experiments showing its anti-emetic potential. Granisetron is available as a generic and is produced by Roche Laboratories under the trade name Kytril.
Four NK1 receptor antagonists have been approved for human clinical use including aprepitant which is sold under the brand name Emend.
Clinical reviews indicate selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are an essential component of anti-emetic therapy in patients undergoing chemotherapy and together with the NK1 receptor antagonists are important additions to the treatment of cancer and have helped to reduce health care costs.
The Multinational Association for the Support of Cancer Care guidelines for high emetic-risk chemotherapy recommends use of an NK1 receptor antagonist in combination with a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone, a corticosteroid medication, for optimal efficacy.