OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Gloomy Prospect

In behavioral genetics and epidemiology, the "Gloomy Prospect" refers to the notion that non-shared environmental influences are unsystematic, idiosyncratic, serendipitous events. It is generally used to describe the messy and individualized tiny and innumerable, but causal environmental effects. It can also be used as a label.
The phrase, "gloomy prospect", was coined in a paper by Plomin and Daniels (1987), a review of biometric family studies, which intended to study why there existed such a large variation of traits of siblings despite being within the same family. They explain that, "One gloomy prospect is that the salient environment might be unsystematic, idiosyncratic, or serendipitous events such as accidents, illnesses, and other traumas, as biographies often attest... It is possible that nonshared environmental influences could be unsystematic in the sense of stochastic events that, when compounded over time, make children in the same family different in unpredictable ways"
Turkheimer and Waldron (2000) conducted a meta-analysis on the influx of new literature inspired by Plomin and Daniels (1987) regarding the systematic effects of environmental differences within families. The authors conclude in support of the gloomy prospect that their "quantitative review shows that measured nonshared environmental variables do not account for a substantial portion of the nonshared variability posited by biometric studies of behavior". In The Three Laws of Behavioral Genetics, from Turkheimer (2000), it states that "The gloomy prospect is true. Non-shared environmental variability predominates not because of the systematic effects of environmental events that are not shared among siblings, but rather because of the unsystematic effects of all environmental events, compounded by the equally unsystematic processes that expose us to environmental events in the first place."
Smith (2011) brings the gloomy prospect with epidemiology as an underlying mechanism of chance events. While he suggests that epidemiologists should embrace randomness in population health research and practice, he also noted that what seemed random at one level might be predictable at a different level. However, the utility of embracing the gloomy prospect in epidemiology is not supported universally.
# Worldscale

Worldscale is a unified system of establishing payment of freight rate for a given oil tanker's cargo. Worldscale was established in November 1952 by London Tanker Brokers' Panel on the request of British Petroleum and Shell as an average total cost of shipping oil from one port to another by ship. A large table was created as result.
The same scale is used today, although it was merged with the American Tanker Rate Schedule (ATRS) in 1969. By 2002, the table included the average cost of 320,000 voyages of different combinations of one load and one discharge port to five loads and ten discharge ports. Worldscale is produced by Worldscale Association (NYC) Inc. for the Americas and by Worldscale Association (London) Ltd. for the rest of the world. The freight for a given ship and voyage is normally expressed in a percentage of the published rate and is supposed to reflect the freight market demand at the time of fixing.
Following are some samples.
| From Yokohama to: | US$/tonne | Miles |
| Adelaide | 10.60 | 10,574 |
| Aden | 12.39 | 13,038 |
| Chiba | 2.90 | 50 |
In negotiating a price to pay, the above table is referred to as WS100 or 100% of Worldscale. The actual price negotiated between shipowner and charterer can range from 1% to 1000% and is referred to respectively as WS1 to WS1000, depending on how much loss the first is willing to take on that voyage and how much the latter is willing to pay.
# Scott Parish, New South Wales

Scott Parish, New South Wales is a remote rural locality and civil parish of Evelyn County, New South Wales in far northwest New South Wales. located at 29°38′31″S 142°01′00″E.
The parish is located on Warratta Creek between Milparinka and Tibooburra to the north.

## Geography

The geography of Scott Parish is mostly the flat, arid landscape of the Channel Country. The nearest town is Tibooburra to the east, which is on the Silver City Highway and lies south of the Sturt National Park.
The parish has a Köppen climate classification of BWh (Hot desert).

## History

The Parish is on the traditional lands of the Wadigali and to a lesser extent Karenggapa, Aboriginal peoples.
In April 1529 Spain and Portugal divided the world between themselves with the Treaty of Zaragoza, their dividing line passed through the parish.
Charles Sturt passed through the area and camping for six months at nearby Preservation Creek, in during 1845,
In 1861 the Burke and Will's expedition passed to the east. Gold was discovered nearby in the 1870s.
# Ulmus parvifolia 'State Fair'

The Chinese Elm cultivar Ulmus parvifolia 'State Fair' was cloned from a tree growing in the grounds of the Oklahoma State Fair, Oklahoma City.

## Description

The tree is distinguished by its orbicular crown, dense foliage and attractive exfoliating bark.

## Pests and diseases

The species and its cultivars are highly resistant, but not immune, to Dutch elm disease, and unaffected by the Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola.

## Cultivation

Listed originally by the Sunshine Nursery, Clinton, Oklahoma, in 1994, it is not known to be in cultivation beyond North America.

## Accessions

None known.
# Săliște (disambiguation)

Săliște is a town in Sibiu County, Romania.
Săliște may refer to several other places in Romania:
* Săliște, a village in Spinuș Commune, Bihor County
* Săliște, a village in Ciurila Commune, Cluj County
* Săliște, a village in Bulzești Commune, Dolj County
* Săliște, a village in Băiţa Commune, Hunedoara County
* Săliște, a village in Băsești Commune, Maramureș County
* Săliște de Beiuș, a village in Budureasa Commune, Bihor County
* Săliște de Pomezeu, a village in Răbăgani Commune, Bihor County
* Săliște de Vașcău, a village in Criștioru de Jos Commune, Bihor County
* Săliște-Săldăbagiu, a former name for Săldăbagiu Mic village, Căpâlna Commune, Bihor County
* Săliște (Cibin), a tributary of the Cibin in Sibiu County
* Săliște, a small tributary of the Hășdate in Cluj County
* Săliște (Crișul Negru), a tributary of the Crișul Negru in Bihor County
# Silliana

Silliana or Saliana was one of the five main divisions of the kingdom of Rama in prehistoric Awadh. Silliana consisted of the lower range of hills to the north of Uttara Kosala, now belonging to Nepal, with the Tarai at its base.
# Sindre Guldvog

Sindre Guldvog (born 21 March 1955) is a Norwegian publisher.
He was born in Trondheim, and graduated as siv.øk. in 1977. From 1988 he was the CEO of the publishing house J.W. Cappelens Forlag, one of Norway's oldest. When Cappelen merged with Damm in 2007, Tom Harald Jenssen became the CEO of the new company Cappelen Damm. Guldvog was also chair of the Norwegian Publishers Association from 1996 to 1999.
# Pavlov (Havlíčkův Brod District)

Pavlov is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Pavlov lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-west of Havlíčkův Brod, 38 km (24 mi) north-west of Jihlava, and 79 km (49 mi) south-east of Prague.
# USS Lady Mary

USS Lady Mary (SP-212) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918.
Lady Mary was built as the civilian yacht Glenda in 1905 by George Lawley & Son at Boston, Massachusetts. She was owned by B. E. Niese of New York City and C. S. Smith of Stamford, Connecticut, and was eventually renamed Lady Mary.
The U.S. Navy chartered Lady Mary on 16 July 1917 for World War I service as a patrol vessel and took delivery of her on 21 July 1917. She was commissioned at Newport, Rhode Island, as USS Lady Mary (SP-212) on 24 July 1917.
Assigned to the 2nd Naval District, headquartered at Newport, Lady Mary served on dispatch boat duty and patrolled coastal waters in Block Island Sound from Newport to Block Island.
Lady Mary was returned to her former owner on 9 December 1918.
# Peg-billed finch

The peg-billed finch (Acanthidops bairdi) is a passerine bird endemic to the highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama. Despite its name, it is not a true finch, but now recognized as a member of the tanager family (Thraupidae), after being long placed in the Emberizidae. It is the only member of the genus Acanthidops. The scientific name commemorates the American ornithologist Spencer Fullerton Baird.

## Taxonomy

The peg-billed finch was formally described in 1882 by the American ornithologist Robert Ridgway from a specimen collected near the Irazú Volcano in Costa Rica. To accommodate the new species Ridgway introduced the genus Acanthidops and coined the binomial name Acanthidops bairdi. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek akanthis meaning "spiky" with ōps meaning "face". The specific epithet honours the American naturalist Spencer Fullerton Baird. No subspecies are recognised.

## Description

The peg-billed finch is a long-tailed species, 13.5 cm long and weighing 16 g. It has a distinctive long upturned bill with a black upper mandible and yellow lower mandible. The adult male is slate grey, becoming paler on the belly. The female is olive-brown above, becoming paler below and with a grey tinge to the head and upper back. She has bright cinnamon wing bars and buff supercilia. Young birds are similar to the female, but have paler plumage and weaker wing bars.
It has a dry pzeek call, and the male's song consists of high whistled notes ending with a buzz, chee shee shee shee paah.

## Habitat

This is an uncommon bird at the edges and clearings of mountain forests, and in scrubby second growth, bamboo clumps, and bushy pastures from 1500 m altitude to the timberline. In the wet season it can descend to 1200 m altitude. Its numbers have reported to be high when the bamboo is flowering on favoured sites such as Cerro de la Muerte.

## Behaviour

The finch is seen singly, in pairs, family groups or in mixed-species feeding flocks with other small birds such as warblers.

### Breeding

The nest, built by the female, is a cup of plant material into which she lays typically four eggs. The female alone incubates for 12–14 days to hatching.

### Feeding

It feeds on insects and spiders, grass and bamboo seeds. It will also squeeze nectar from flowers and juice from berries.
# Pegasus crossing

A pegasus crossing (United Kingdom; also equestrian crossing) is a type of signalised pedestrian crossing, with special consideration for horse riders. This type of crossing is named after the mythical winged horse, Pegasus. They are primarily used in the United Kingdom and Peru.
At a minimum, these crossings are in the form of a pelican crossing or puffin crossing but simply have two control panels, one at the normal height for pedestrians or dismounted riders, and one two metres above the ground for the use of mounted riders, and the "green man" (walk) and "red man" (stop) pictograms are replaced with horses. Additional features, to improve safety, include a wooden fence or other barrier and a wider crossing so that the horses are further away from vehicles than normal.
If the crossing is to be used by pedestrians and cyclists too, then a parallel, separate toucan crossing may be placed next to the pegasus crossing.

## Installation and removal

There are examples in Hyde Park, Richmond Park and village area of Wimbledon in London; Rayleigh, Colchester and Great Notley in Essex and Worsley, Salford as well as near Epsom Downs Racecourse, Surrey and in Colton on the former A6120 (now B6902) in Leeds. The crossing in Colton has a separate gravel covered section, signposted for use by horses only, located at 53.795888,-1.436130. Another example is situated between Whitby and Robin Hood's Bay, North Yorkshire on Stainsacre Lane.
After completion of upgrading the A66 between Greta Bridge–Scotch Corner in 2007, two pegasus crossings were installed on the section of the dual carriageway in 2009, immediately to the west of Scotch Corner. These crossings included raised buttons for horse riders, safety fences and lights to control the traffic which consisted of only two orange lights. These crossings never became operational and with the exception of the safety fences were later removed.
There are also examples in use in Lima, Peru.

## Gallery

* "Pegasus" lights
* Control panel for equestrians, London
* Worsley, Salford
# USAPL

USAPL may refer to:
* USA Pool League
* USA Powerlifting
# Pecquencourt

Pecquencourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Geography
### Climate

Pecquencourt has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Pecquencourt is 10.8 °C (51.4 °F). The average annual rainfall is 743.8 mm (29.28 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 18.6 °C (65.5 °F), and lowest in January, at around 3.6 °C (38.5 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Pecquencourt was 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) on 25 July 2019; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −19.0 °C (−2.2 °F) on 17 January 1985.
Climate data for Pecquencourt (1981−2010 normals, extremes 1962−2019) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.5 (65.3) | 20.4 (68.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 28.5 (83.3) | 32.1 (89.8) | 34.7 (94.5) | 41.6 (106.9) | 37.0 (98.6) | 34.4 (93.9) | 29.4 (84.9) | 21.5 (70.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 41.6 (106.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) | 7.4 (45.3) | 11.1 (52.0) | 14.8 (58.6) | 18.5 (65.3) | 21.2 (70.2) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.6 (74.5) | 20.1 (68.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 10.2 (50.4) | 6.7 (44.1) | 15.0 (59.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) | 4.0 (39.2) | 7.1 (44.8) | 9.7 (49.5) | 13.5 (56.3) | 16.3 (61.3) | 18.6 (65.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 15.2 (59.4) | 11.5 (52.7) | 7.0 (44.6) | 4.1 (39.4) | 10.8 (51.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) | 0.7 (33.3) | 3.1 (37.6) | 4.7 (40.5) | 8.4 (47.1) | 11.3 (52.3) | 13.4 (56.1) | 13.0 (55.4) | 10.3 (50.5) | 7.3 (45.1) | 3.8 (38.8) | 1.5 (34.7) | 6.5 (43.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.0 (−2.2) | −12.6 (9.3) | −12.0 (10.4) | −6.0 (21.2) | −4.0 (24.8) | 1.0 (33.8) | 3.0 (37.4) | 3.0 (37.4) | −1.0 (30.2) | −7.5 (18.5) | −9.0 (15.8) | −14.2 (6.4) | −19.0 (−2.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 58.1 (2.29) | 48.6 (1.91) | 58.3 (2.30) | 46.6 (1.83) | 61.0 (2.40) | 69.8 (2.75) | 72.4 (2.85) | 67.8 (2.67) | 57.7 (2.27) | 68.3 (2.69) | 67.9 (2.67) | 67.3 (2.65) | 743.8 (29.28) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.0 | 10.0 | 11.6 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 8.9 | 9.6 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 12.6 | 128.3 |
| Source: Météo-France ||||||||||||||

## Heraldry

| Arms of Pecquencourt | The arms of Pecquencourt are blazoned : Azure semy de lys Or, a stag argent. (Capelle, Loffre, Neuville-Saint-Rémy, Pecquencourt, and Vred use the same arms.) |

## Sister cities

* Sondershausen, Germany
# Pelecotoma

Pelecotoma is a genus of wedge-shaped beetles in the family Ripiphoridae. There are at least three described species in Pelecotoma.

## Species

These three species belong to the genus Pelecotoma:
* Pelecotoma fennica (Paykull, 1799)
* Pelecotoma flavipes Melsheimer, 1846
* Pelecotoma septentrionalis Kono, 1936
# Pelatachina

Pelatachina is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Pelatachina limata Coquillett, 1902
* Pelatachina orillia Curran, 1927
* Pelatachina pellucida Coquillett, 1897
* Pelatachina tibialis (Fallén, 1810)
# Pediasia gregori

Pediasia gregori is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Roesler in 1975. It is found in Mongolia.
# Peltogasterella sulcata

Peltogasterella sulcata is a species of parasitic barnacle in the family Peltogasterellidae.
# Pejaković

Pejaković is a surname. It may refer to:
* Josip Pejaković (born 1948), Bosnian actor and writer
* Nikola Pejaković (born 1966), Serbian actor and singer
* Zlatko Pejaković (born 1950), Croatian singer
# Pennie

Pennie is the official health insurance marketplace in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania established under the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). The exchange enables eligible individuals to purchase private health insurance coverage at federally subsidized rates. Launched on September 22, 2020, it is administered by the Pennsylvania Health Insurance Exchange Authority, an independent agency of the government of Pennsylvania.
# Penniclavine

Penniclavine is an ergot alkaloid.
# Ubaydul Haq

Ubaydul Haq is an Arabic phrase meaning Servant of the Truth. It may refer to
* M. Obaidul Huq (died 2012), Bangladeshi engineer, freedom fighter and politician
* Obaidul Haque (1934–2008), Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and politician
* Obaidul Huq (1911–2007), Bangladeshi cinematographer
* Obaidul Huq Khandaker, Bangladeshi politician
* Ubaidul Haq (1928–2007), Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and former khatib of Baitul Mukarram National Mosque
# Pennine Fault System

The Pennine Fault System is a NW-SE trending zone of faulting that forms the southwestern boundary to the Pennines in Cumbria. It was formed as a normal fault during Permian rifting, bounding the Vale of Eden basin, which has a half-graben geometry. It links through to the Dent Fault at its southeastern end. Rocks of Ordovician and Silurian age outcrop between the two main strands of the fault, forming the Cross Fell inlier.
# USS Instill (AM-252)

USS Instill (AM-252) was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the United States Navy during World War II. She saw service in the Atlantic during World War II. She was decommissioned in February 1947 and placed in reserve. Instill was recommissioned in March 1951 during the Korean War and remained in commission until March 1954, when she was placed in reserve again. While she remained in reserve, Instill was reclassified as MSF-252 in February 1955 but never reactivated. In October 1962, she was sold to the Mexican Navy and renamed ARM DM-10. She was stricken from Mexican Navy service in 1986, but her ultimate fate is not reported in secondary sources.

## U.S. Navy career

Instill was launched 5 March 1944 by the Savannah Machine & Foundry Co., Savannah, Georgia; sponsored by Mrs. Lydia G. Mehoffey; and commissioned 22 May 1944.
After shakedown out of Little Creek, Virginia, and a few weeks of escort duty in that area, Instill was assigned to Service Force, Atlantic Fleet as a training ship. This duty continued until 11 August when she reported to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to operate with shakedown ships as a radar countermeasure ship. Returning to Norfolk, Virginia, 22 October, Instill remained there until 21 January 1946 when she sailed to Orange, Texas. The minesweeper decommissioned there 26 February 1947, joining the Reserve Fleet.
After the outbreak of the Korean War, Instill recommissioned 16 March 1951 and began an intensive period of training and patrol duty between Charleston, South Carolina, and Norfolk, Virginia. She continued her important minesweeping operations and patrol duty along the U.S. East Coast until she returned to Orange, Texas, 3 January 1954.
Instill decommissioned there 1 March and once again joined the Reserve Fleet. Reclassified MSF-252, 7 February 1955, she remained in the Texas Group, Atlantic Reserve Fleet until struck from the Navy List 1 May 1962, and sold in October 1962 to Mexico, and served as DM-10.

## Mexican Navy career

The former Instill was acquired by the Mexican Navy in October 1962 and renamed ARM DM-10. She was stricken from Mexican Navy service in 1986, but her ultimate fate is not reported in secondary sources.
# Pelsochamops

Pelsochamops is an extinct genus of Chamopsiid lizard, containing the single species P. infrequens from the Santonian aged Csehbánya Formation of Hungary, known from a partial dentary and maxilla fragments. It is the first chamopsiid known from Europe, the rest being known from North America.
# Penny (surname)

The surname Penny may refer to:
* Andrew Penny (born 1952), British conductor
* Benjamin Penny (born 1959), Australian professor
* Brad Penny (born 1978), American professional baseball pitcher
* Diego Penny (born 1984), Peruvian Goalkeeper
* George Joseph Penny (1897–1949), Canadian senator
* Giles Penny (born 1962), English sculptor
* Glynis Penny (born 1951), English long-distance runner
* James Penny (died 1799), English merchant, slave ship owner, and prominent anti-abolitionist
* Joe Penny (born 1956), English-American actor
* Malcolm Penny, British zoologist and ornithologist
* Marie Penny (died 1970), Canadian businesswoman
* Rashaad Penny (born 1996), American football player
* Scott E. Penny, American politician
* Simon Penny (born 1955), Australian artist, a.o.
* Sydney Penny (born 1971), American actress
* Thomas Penny (1532–1589), English physician and early entomologist
* Tim Penny (born 1951), American politician
* Will Penny, fictional character played by Charlton Heston in a 1968 western film
* William Penny (1809–1892), Scottish explorer of the Arctic, shipmaster, and whaler
# Ubuntu Cape Town F.C.

Ubuntu Cape Town FC is a South African football club in the city of Cape Town. The club plays in the National First Division.
The club was created when the Ubuntu Football Trust purchased the franchise license of FC Cape Town in 2017.
# People v. Drew

People v. Drew, 22 Cal. 3d 333 (1978), was a case decided by the California Supreme Court that abandoned the M'Naghten Rules of the criminal insanity defense in favor of the formulation in the Model Penal Code. The decision was later abrogated by Proposition 8 in 1982, which restored the M'Naghten rules.
# People v. Bray

People v. Bray, 52 Cal. App. 3d 494 (1975), was a case decided by the California Court of Appeal that allowed ignorance of a grading element to be a defense to criminal prosecution.

## Factual background

Defendant Bray was convicted of being a felon in possession of firearms. Bray did possess two concealable firearms, but his status as a felon was unclear. Bray had been convicted in Kansas years earlier of being an accessory after the fact, but even at trial it was unclear if this offense was a felony under Kansas law. Subsequently, when Bray was required to disclose felon status on forms for things like voting, he explained the situation and was allowed to vote in California.

## Decision

The Court of Appeal reversed Bray's conviction, allowing his mistake about his felony status to act as a defense to criminal liability. Under the Model Penal Code, a mistake of criminal law, like one's felony status, is not normally allowed as a defense. Instead the court treated Bray's mistake about his felony status, a grading element in the statute under which he was charged, as a mistake of fact that was an appropriate defense.
# USS Nyanza

USS Nyanza was a large steamer purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was assigned by the Union Navy to gunboat duty in the waterways of the rebellious Confederate States of America.

## Construction

Nyanza, a wooden side wheel steamer built at Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania, in 1863, was purchased by the Navy at Cincinnati, Ohio, 4 November 1863; and commissioned at Mound City, Illinois, Acting Lt. Samuel B. Washburn in command 21 December 1863.

## Mississippi river

During the Civil War, Nyanza patrolled the Mississippi River and its tributaries protecting Union lines of communication and supply on the great inland waterway and preventing Confederate activity.
She captured schooner J. W. Wilder in the Atchafalaya River, Louisiana, 15 March 1864; and took schooner Mandoline, in Atchafalaya Bay, Louisiana, 13 April.

## Post-war

After hostilities ceased, Nyanza decommissioned at New Orleans, Louisiana on 21 July 1865 and was sold at public auction to Owen Finnegan 12 August 1865.
Redocumented 26 August 1865, the side wheeler remained in merchant service until 1873.