OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Standerton Commando

Standerton Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

## History
### Operations
#### With the UDF
##### The Rand Rebellion Benoni

Members of the Standerton Commando took part in the crackdown on the 1922 Miners Strike. At 05:00 on 12 March 1922, the Union Defence Force (UDF) attacked Benoni. The objective was to defeat striking commandos at a steel factory and then move into the rest of the town.
The Government forces commenced their attack at 11:00 and immediately came under heavy fire. The attack on the steel factory was supported by artillery fire from two positions, which contributed to the striker commandos being dislodged. The attack then continued along Main Reef Road.
Commandant. P. Botha and a portion of the Standerton East Commando joined the fight at 16:00. The attack was called off at 17:00 in order to reorganize and consolidate positions before dark. Ammunition and arms arrived later that night and was distributed.
The reinforcements consisted of the rest of the Standerton East Commando, the Blesbokspruit Commando (Standerton), the Heidelberg Commando, the Hoogveld Commando (Heidelberg), the Roodekoppe Commando (Standerton), and the Standerton West Commando.
The attack continued on 13 March. The operation went according to plan and the besieged police and Permanent Force were relieved. An instruction was subsequently issued to arrest all male residents of Benoni.

#### With the SADF

During this era, the unit was mainly used for area force protection, search and cordones as well as stock theft control assistance to the local police.

#### With the SANDF
##### Disbandment

This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 "because of the role it played in the apartheid era", according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.

## Leadership

Leadership :
| From | Honorary Colonels | To |
| From | Commanding Officers | To |
| 1920 | Commandant. P. Botha | nd |
| From | Regimental Sergeants Major | To |
# Olga Dies Dreaming

Olga Dies Dreaming is the debut novel of American writer Xochitl Gonzalez. It was published by Flatiron Books in January 2022.

## Writing and development

The idea for the novel occurred to Gonzalez on the Q train in New York City while reading the book The Battle for Paradise by Canadian author Naomi Klein and listening to the song "Rican Beach" by Hurray for the Riff Raff. After leaving the train, Gonzalez went to a Starbucks location, where she wrote the basic concept of the plot on a napkin. The book's title alludes to the Pedro Pietri poem "Puerto Rican Obituary".
While writing, Gonzalez eschewed explaining aspects of Puerto Rican culture for a broader audience, drawing inspiration from the "[...] inside baseball" jokes in Paul Beatty's novel The Sellout.

## Critical reception

According to literary review aggregator Book Marks, the novel received mostly "Positive" and "Rave" reviews. In a review in The Washington Post, Ron Charles wrote, "rarely does a novel, particularly a debut novel, contend so powerfully and so delightfully with such a vast web of personal, cultural, political and even international imperatives." Kirkus Reviews called the book "atmospheric, intelligent, and well informed: an impressive debut."

## Adaptation

Hulu ordered a pilot for a show based on the novel in early 2021. Gonzalez and Alfonso Gómez-Rejón are producing the pilot which will star Aubrey Plaza as Olga and Ramon Rodriguez as her brother, Prieto.
# Pedro Francisco de Luján y Góngora, 1st Duke of Almodóvar del Río

Pedro Francisco Jiménez de Góngora y Luján, 1st Duke of Almodóvar del Río (1727–1794) was a Spanish nobleman, ambassador and writer.

## Career

Jiménez de Góngora was born to a noble family from Córdoba, Spain, and became the 7th Marqués de Almodóvar del Río. He was made a Grandee of Spain in 1779 and was named 1st Duke of Almodóvar del Río on July 11, 1780 by King Charles III of Spain. He was the fourth director of the Real Academia de la Historia from January 6, 1792 to May 14, 1794 when he died, although his death has also been quoted as 1796.
He was an Embassy Officer and Ambassador to Russia from 1759 to 1763, Ambassador to Portugal from around 1765 to 1778 and Ambassador to London in 1778. The following year he was forced to leave the position because of disputes with the British over issues concerning the American War of Independence. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1789.
He had been living in the Kingdom of Naples, under King Charles VII of Naples (later also king of Spain), when he was met by the Spanish traveler and intellectual Antonio Ponz around 1751.

## Writings

Under the pseudonym Francisco María de Silva, Jiménez de Góngora published in 1781 ten letters on the "State of contemporary literature in France" (Década Epistolar sobre el Estado de las letras de Francia) which included some comments on the works of François Marie Arouet Voltaire. This work helped to spread the ideas of Encyclopedism in Spain.
Abbé Guillaume Thomas François Raynal published four volumes entitled Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes in Amsterdam in 1770 about the negative influence of Spanish civilization on the colonization of foreign lands. Under the name Eduardo Malo de Luque, Jiménez de Góngora undertook the Spanish version of this work, Historia política de los establecimientos ultramarinos de las naciones europeas, "with the Comments of a Catholic Spaniard." Between 1984/1790, he completed only five of the twelve volumes, because the Count of Floridablanca forbade further publication.
The first two volumes mirror Raynal's design but he added a voluminous appendix entitled The English Constitution and the Affairs of the English East India Company, a feature not found in Raynal's original work. In Ximénez de Góngora, the third volume, he appended a 68-page essay entitled The Political and Economic State of France.
Moreover, although the Duke's fourth and Raynal's third volumes examine Scandinavian, Prussian, and Russian colonial ventures the Spaniard thought fit to add a supplement named Analytical Memoirs Relative to the History and Present State of Russia, drawn primarily from materials and recollections of his diplomatic service in St. Petersburg.
# Trevor railway station

Trevor railway station was formerly a station on the Ruabon to Barmouth Line in north-east Wales. The line was double track between Ruabon and Llangollen and there was a signal box at Trevor.
According to the Official Handbook of Stations the station handled both goods and passenger traffic in 1956 and the goods yard was equipped with a 3-ton crane.
There were also private sidings from the neighbourhood of the station to the firebrick works in the middle of the village (via a level crossing), and to the Cefn Mawr Monsanto works. The latter also connected to the Pontcysyllte Branch, and via the Rhos Branch eventually rejoined the main line on the outskirts of Wrexham.

## Neighbouring stations

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Acrefair | Great Western Railway Ruabon Barmouth Line | Sun Bank Halt |
# Querceto, Montecatini Val di Cecina

Querceto (Oak Wood) is a frazione in the comune of Montecatini Val di Cecina of the Province of Pisa in Italy. The village is located on the slopes of Mount Aneo, near Volterra

## Footnotes

* ↑ History Archived May 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
# Sorocea guilleminiana

Sorocea guilleminiana is a species of plant in the family Moraceae. It is native to South America.
# Sharon Anne Cook

Sharon Anne Cook (born 1947) is a Canadian historian, currently the Emeritus Professor and Distinguished Professor of History at University of Ottawa, and also a published author.

## Education

Cook received a B.A. (Hon.) from Carleton University in 1970; a B.Ed. from Queen's University in 1971; a M.A. from the Institute of Canadian Studies, Carleton University in 1987; and a Ph.D. in History from Carleton University in 1990.

## Works

* Cook, Sharon Anne (18 July 1995). Through Sunshine and Shadow: The Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Evangelicalism, and Reform in Ontario, 1874-1930. Montréal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0-773-51305-1. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
* Cook, Sharon Anne; McLean, Lorna R.; O'Rourke, Kate, eds. (14 May 2001). Framing Our Past Canadian Women's History in the Twentieth Century. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0773569111. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
* Cook, Sharon Anne (11 April 2012). Sex, Lies, and Cigarettes: Canadian Women, Smoking, and Visual Culture, 1880-2000. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-773-53977-8. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
# Robin Coningham

Robin Andrew Evelyn Coningham, FSA, FRAS (born 2 December 1965) is a British archaeologist and academic, specialising in South Asian archaeology and archaeological ethics. He has been Professor of Early Medieval Archaeology since 2005 and UNESCO Chair in Archaeological Ethics and Practice in Cultural Heritage since 2014 at the University of Durham. From 1994 to 2005, he taught at the University of Bradford, rising to become Professor of South Asian Archaeology and Head of the Department of Archaeological Sciences.

## Academic career

Coningham led the excavation of the Maya Devi Temple in Lumbini, Nepal; an ancient Buddhist temple situated at the site traditionally considered the birthplace of Buddha.
In 1994, Coningham was elected a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society (FRAS). On 4 February 2016, he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London (FSA).
Coningham is a member of the Antiquity Trust, which supports the publication of the archaeology journal Antiquity.

## Selected works

* Scarre, Geoffrey; Coningham, Robin, eds. (2013). Appropriating the Past: Philosophical Perspectives on the Practice of Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521196062.
* Coningham, Robin; Young, Ruth (2015). The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE–200 CE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521846974.
# Simba waterfall

Simba waterfall is located in Mahankal Rural Municipality, Lalitpur about 50 km from Kathmandu between Rigin Danda and Manikhel Khawa. The fall lies at an altitude of 2000 m, and it has five cascades.It is 300 meter tall. ‘Simba’ means cold in Tamang language.
There is also a temple of Saraswati on the way to Lele from the fall.
# Omiodes seminitidalis

Omiodes seminitidalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1912. It is found in Costa Rica.
# UFC Fight Night: Gonzaga vs. Cro Cop 2

UFC Fight Night: Gonzaga vs. Cro Cop 2 (also known as UFC Fight Night 64) was a mixed martial arts event held on April 11, 2015, at the Tauron Arena Kraków in Kraków, Poland.

## Background

The event was the first that the organization has hosted in Poland.
The main event featured a heavyweight rematch between Gabriel Gonzaga and returning veteran Mirko Cro Cop, who last fought in the organization at UFC 137 in 2011. Gonzaga won their first encounter at UFC 70 in 2007 via knockout due to a first round head kick which has become one of the most famous and replayed finishes in UFC history.
Peter Sobotta was expected to face Sérgio Moraes at the event. However, Sobotta was forced out of the bout citing injury and was replaced by Gasan Umalatov. On March 28, it was announced that Umalatov had also pulled out of the fight and was replaced by French newcomer Mickaël Lebout.
Krzysztof Jotko was expected to face promotional newcomer Garreth McLellan at the event. However, Jotko pulled out of the bout and was replaced by fellow newcomer Bartosz Fabiński.
Cláudia Gadelha was expected to face Aisling Daly at the event. However, Gadelha pulled out of the bout in late March citing a recent muscle spasm in her back. Subsequently, Daly was pulled from the card entirely.
Jason Saggo was expected to face Marcin Bandel at the event. However, Saggo pulled out of the bout due to an Achilles tendon rupture and was replaced by promotional newcomer Stevie Ray.

## Bonus awards

The following fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses:
* Fight of the Night: Mirko Cro Cop vs. Gabriel Gonzaga
* Performance of the Night: Maryna Moroz and Leon Edwards
# Trialism (disambiguation)

Trialism may refer to:
* Trialism (philosophy), a designation for several philosophical concepts
* Trialism (politics), a political doctrine focused on relations between three political subjects:
** Trialism in Austria-Hungary, a political doctrine advocating transformation of the dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy into a triune state, by creating a third constituent polity
** Trialism of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia, a political doctrine on relations between historical realms of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia, prominent mostly during the period between 1848 and 1918
** Trialism in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia), a political doctrine advocating transformation of the kingdom into a complex state, with three constituent polities, for Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
# Valerico Laccetti

Valerico Laccetti or Valerio Laccetti (1836 – April 8, 1909) was an Italian painter, mainly of pastoral genre themes.
He was born in Vasto, Province of Chieti, and enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts at Naples, where he won a prize at a competition. He studied under Giuseppe Mancinelli and Francesco Palizzi. He painted many landscapes of rural and agricultural scenes with animals. He also completed scenography, and painted in France and Austria.
In 1863, he exhibited Interior with Animals in Naples. He moved to Rome in 1865, and displayed Dog and Cat in a Stall and Cow in a Stall at the Mostre degli Amatori e Cultori. In 1870 at the Promotrice of Naples, he displayed Remembrance of Fontainebleau and Colosseum at Sunrise in Autumn. He exhibited at the Roman Exhibitions until 1902, including The Widow (1875); The Girl (1878); A Mother Plays With her Child (1879); The Prayer, La preghiera, Catechism in the Countryside (1881, province of Salerno); The Winter, New and Old Soldiers; and Le gioie della famiglia (1885). He exhibited often at the Neapolitan Promotrice (1871, 1873, 1874, 1879). In 1873 at Vienna, he displayed three canvases depicting peasants at work, and won a medal. In 1877 at the National exposition of Naples he displayed Solo!, Campagna romana, and La civiltà fuga l'ignoranza (Civilization banishes Ignorance), which was reprised at the next year's Paris International Exposition. After 1880, he also painted some historical and religious canvases influenced by Domenico Morelli, including Christus imperat! (completed 1884, exhibited in Rome, 1883 and 1888; now in Chieti, Pinacoteca Provinciale Barbella). He was an honorary member of the Academy of Fine Arts of Fologini and Ferrara.
He died in 1909 Rome.
# Sorocephalus

Sorocephalus is a genus containing 11 species of flowering plants, commonly known as powderpuffs, in the family Proteaceae. The name means “heaped head”. The genus is endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, more particularly the winter rainfall zone of the southwestern Cape. The species are all small shrubs characterised by flower-heads containing clusters of four or more flowers. Most species are threatened.

## Species

Described species are shown below, with their conservation status:
* Sorocephalus alopecurus Rourke – Woolly-stalk powderpuff – EN
* Sorocephalus capitatus Rourke – Woolly powderpuff – NT
* Sorocephalus clavigerus (Knight) Hutch. – Erect powderpuff – EN
* Sorocephalus crassifolius Hutch. – Flowerless powderpuff – CR
* Sorocephalus imbricatus (Thunb.) R. Br. – Lanceolate-leaf powderpuff – CR
* Sorocephalus lanatus R. Br. – Common powderpuff – LC
* Sorocephalus palustris Rourke – Prostrate powderpuff – CR
* Sorocephalus pinifolius Rourke – Long-leaf powderpuff – EN
* Sorocephalus scabridus Meisn. – Tulbagh powderpuff – CR
* Sorocephalus tenuifolius R.Br. – Diminutive powderpuff – EN
* Sorocephalus teretifolius (Meisn.) E.Phillips – Pin-shaped powderpuff – EN
# Toshikazu Kawasaki

Toshikazu Kawasaki (川崎敏和, Kawasaki Toshikazu, born November 26, 1955 in Kurume, Fukuoka) is a Japanese paperfolder and origami theorist who is known for his geometrically innovative models. He is particularly famous for his series of fourfold symmetry "roses", all based on a twisting maneuver that allows the petals to seem to curl out from the center of the flower. Kawasaki also teaches mathematics at Sasebo Technical Junior College.
Kawasaki was the first to develop the technique of iso-area folding, which allows the folder to end up with each side of the paper displayed in equal amounts. It consists of building a mirror-symmetrical crease pattern and then collapsing it to find a finished form, usually a geometric shape such as a cube. He also discovered and proved that with any given flat point in an origami model, the sum of alternating angles is always equal to 180 degrees, a result now known as Kawasaki's theorem.

## Publications

* Origami^6, American Math Society, (2015)
* The Greatest Dream Origami, Asahi Press, (2009)

## Resources

Kunihiko Kasahara and Toshie Takahama, Origami for the Connoisseur. Japan Publications.
# Sheldon Garon

Sheldon Garon is the Nissan Professor in Japanese Studies, professor of history, and professor of East Asian studies at Princeton University. He specialized in modern and contemporary Japanese history with interests also in transnational history and the history of ideas between Asia, Europe, and the United States. His prior research has also focused on the relationship between the state and society.
He has been described as "the world's leading historian on household saving." He is the recipient of a number of prestigious of awards for academics, including the National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation grant, and the Abe Fellowship from the government of Japan.

## Background

Garon was born and brought up in Minnesota. He graduated from the University of Minnesota, summa cum laude, in 1973. He then received a master's degree in East Asian studies from Harvard in 1975, followed by a doctorate in history from Yale in 1981. At Yale, he was the recipient of the Sumitomo Prize Fellowship.

## Career

In 1980, Garon became an assistant professor of history at Pomona College. He then joined the department of history at Princeton University in 1994.
His first book, The State and Labor in Modern Japan, traced the history of the Japanese labor movement. In 1997, he published Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life, an account of the Japanese state’s success at mobilizing its people to act in the perceived interest of the nation in.
In Beyond Our Means: Why America Spends and the World Saves (2011), he argues that the current savings imbalances between the United States and other developed nations are not the result merely of different individual choices. Beyond Our Means tells for the first time how other nations aggressively encouraged their citizens to save by means of special savings institutions and savings campaigns. The U.S. government, meanwhile, promoted mass consumption and reliance on credit through policies such as tax breaks on borrowing, which culminated in the global credit crunch.
Garon is on the editorial board of a number of academic journals including Contemporary Japan and the Journal of Japanese Studies.

## Books

* The State and Labor in Modern Japan (1987) University of California Press, Berkeley. ISBN 9780520059832
* Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life (1997) Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-04488-0
* Beyond Our Means: Why America Spends and the World Saves (2011) Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13599-1

## Articles

* Garon, Sheldon (November 25, 2011). "Why We Spend, Why They Save". The New York Times. p. A25. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
* “Transnational History and Japan’s ‘Comparative Advantage,’” Journal of Japanese Studies 43, no. 1 (Winter 2017): 65-92.
* "Rethinking Modernization and Modernity in Japanese History: A Focus on State-Society Relations." The Journal of Asian Studies 53, no. 2 (1994): 346-66. doi:10.2307/2059838.
# Rodolfo Disner Clavería

Rodolfo Disner Clavería (1931 – April 9, 2021) was an artist who was recognized with the Chiapas Prize in Arts. A ceramist, he was a representative of the Chiapas visual arts, and was called "the golden alchemist" for his creativity in plastic arts.

## Personal life

Disner Clavería was born in Huixtla, Chiapas; however, he lived for a long time near a brick factory in Tonalá where he began to make clay figures, beginning his appreciation of plastic arts. Among his children is the writer and cultural promoter Damaris Disner, who runs the Rodolfo Disner Gallery in his honor in the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez.

## Studies

Disner moved to Mexico City for a few years, where he studied at the Academy of San Carlos from 1956 to 1960, the same school that housed great Mexican muralists such as David Alfaro Siqueiros and Diego Rivera. There he learned history and art techniques.

## Creative career

He has made ceramic murals, among them those of the Library of the Jaime Sabines Cultural Center, which alludes to the origins of humanity. It took him a year to make it together with 12 artisans. The work is made up of 12,200 partitions of 15 by 15 each. The technique consists of drawing directly on the clay boards and firing them; the effects are achieved by applying a chemical coloring base, as well as copper oxide reductions. Another of his murals can be found on Campus IX of the Autonomous University of Chiapas, in Tonalá.
Writers from Chiapas have reflected their admiration for Disner's work, such as Iris Aggeler (speaking on the Jaime Sabines mural): "Disner's woman is smiling, she greets us head-on, looks at us and welcomes us with its open arms, between dolphins and other sea beings. It is an allegory that pays homage to the sea as a source of life, to the generous and fertile spirit of water."
The themes of his work include the sea, religion, and daily life. It has numerous national and international exhibitions, individual and collective. In 2000, the Chiapas State Council for Cultures and Arts held a retrospective of his artistic work and a tribute to his work in the plastic arts. He has also shown his works from 1968 to 1970 in Mexico City and the state of Hidalgo, in 1970 at the School of Plastic Arts in Oaxaca, in 1984 at the Goethe Institute, in 1986 at the "Jesús Reyes Heroles" House of Culture, and in 1988 in Houston, San Francisco, and San Diego.

## Prizes

Disner was recognized with the Chiapas Arts Prize in 2000.
# Omiodes sirena

Omiodes sirena is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Patricia Gentili-Poole and Maria Alma Solis in 1998. It is found in Costa Rica.