OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paulo Paim

Paulo Renato Paim (born 15 March 1950) is a Brazilian steelworker turned politician. He served as a federal deputy from Rio Grande do Sul for the Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores – PT) from 1987 to 2002. On 2002, he was elected Senator from the same state and re-elected in 2010. He also served as Vice-President of trade union center Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT) from 1984 to 1986.

## Early life

Paulo Renato Paim was born in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, on March 15, 1950. He became a trained steelworker after receiving a professional education degree from SENAI. Paim worked on Abramo Eberle and Forjasul metallurgical factories before becoming the president of the Canoas steelworkers trade union on 1981. Two years later, he became Secretary-General of the Central Única dos Trabalhadores, prior to becoming the Vice-President of that same organization on 1984.

## Political career

In 1985, Paim became a member of the Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores – PT) and, in the following year, became a federal deputy for the party. As a constituent deputy, he would engage in the writing of the current Constitution of Brazil however he and his party (Partido dos Trabalhadores – PT) did not sign nor approve that Constitution to this day. From 1989 to 1991, Paim was the deputy leader for the PT in the Chamber of Deputies. From 1993 to 1994, he was the head of the Chamber's Labour, Administration and Public Service committee. In 1997, he authored a bill which would be enacted by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva as the Elderly Statute, a set of laws which guarantees the rights of elderly people in Brazil. He became nationally known after the adoption of US$100 minimum wage, which he had proposed. Paim would later spark controversy, in 2001, after he ripped a copy of the Constitution as a protest to a bill seeking to change the Consolidation of Labor Laws.
In 2002, Paim was elected to the Federal Senate after a close race with fellow party member Emília Fernandes, the Senator for Rio Grande do Sul. From 2003 to 2005, he was Vice-President of the Senate. From 2007 to 2009, he was President of the upper house's Human Rights and Participative Legislation committee. In the Senate, Paim became known for defending higher pension checks for retired people. In 2010, Paim was re-elected Senator for Rio Grande do Sul with almost 34% of the valid votes. He received over 3.8 million votes; 479,000 more than Governor Tarso Genro, a fellow member of PT.
# Small nucleolar RNA SNORA8

In molecular biology, SNORA8 (also known as ACA8) is a member of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines.
# Produce Exchange Buildings, Liverpool

The Produce Exchange Buildings is Grade II listed building on Victoria Street in Liverpool, England.

## History

Constructed in 1902, the building was originally designed as a railway depot for Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. From the 1860s, Victoria Street was the location of many offices and commercial buildings that meant it played a key part during the growth of Liverpool. During the later part 19th century, the street became home to fruit and produce dealers and their warehouses, aided by its proximity to the docks and Liverpool Exchange railway station.
At some point after its construction for the railway, the building was converted into a produce exchange. It was situated next to the Fruit Exchange Building, which was also a converted railway depot. After being used as a produce exchange, the building was later host to the NatWest bank, which closed around 2008, after which the building lay empty.
Planning permission was successfully granted by Liverpool City Council in 2015 for the conversion of the Mathew Street side of the building into two restaurants and 58 apartments to be built on the Victoria Street side. Restaurant chain 'Turtlebay' opened a venue in November 2019.

## Description

The ornate south-side of the building faces out on to Victoria Street, whilst the utilitarian rear of the building is on Mathew Street. The south-side of the building retains many of its original features, such as mosaic floors, frosted, stained glass windows and a grand central staircase.
The building contains a war memorial to service personnel who died during World War 1. The plaque states:
   IN MEMORY OF THE MEN OF LIVERPOOL / PROVISION TRADE WHO FELL IN THE GREAT WAR / 1914 1919
# Tatiana Subbotina

Tatiana Mikhailovna Subbotina (born 18 June 1954) is a Russian YouTuber, host of her own channel called "Tatiana Channel".

## Career

She started her activity on YouTube in 2013 (or 2014) with videos about her life in Thailand, eventually reclassifying the channel into video editing tutorials, in particular, using chroma key. Showing on her examples the use of greenery to replace the background, in 2017 she gained wide popularity both among the Russian-speaking audience and among foreign ones. So, in April of the same year, Tatiana took part in Evening Urgant, and following the results of the outgoing year, YouTube became one of its trends as part of YouTube Rewind, hitting the release of the series.
# Relational data mining

Relational data mining is the data mining technique for relational databases. Unlike traditional data mining algorithms, which look for patterns in a single table (propositional patterns), relational data mining algorithms look for patterns among multiple tables (relational patterns). For most types of propositional patterns, there are corresponding relational patterns. For example, there are relational classification rules (relational classification), relational regression tree, and relational association rules.
There are several approaches to relational data mining:
* Inductive Logic Programming (ILP)
* Statistical Relational Learning (SRL)
* Graph Mining
* Propositionalization
* Multi-view learning

## Algorithms

Multi-Relation Association Rules: Multi-Relation Association Rules (MRAR) is a new class of association rules which in contrast to primitive, simple and even multi-relational association rules (that are usually extracted from multi-relational databases), each rule item consists of one entity but several relations. These relations indicate indirect relationship between the entities. Consider the following MRAR where the first item consists of three relations live in, nearby and humid: “Those who live in a place which is near by a city with humid climate type and also are younger than 20 -> their health condition is good”. Such association rules are extractable from RDBMS data or semantic web data.

## Software

* Safarii: a Data Mining environment for analysing large relational databases based on a multi-relational data mining engine.
* Dataconda: a software, free for research and teaching purposes, that helps mining relational databases without the use of SQL.

## Datasets

* Relational dataset repository: a collection of publicly available relational datasets.
# Mekapati

Mekapati is an Indian family name. Notable people with the family name include:
* Mekapati Rajamohan Reddy (born 1944), Indian politician
* Mekapati Goutham Reddy (1971–2022), Indian politician and son of Rajamohan Reddy
# Somaram

Somaram is a village and panchayat in Ranga Reddy district, Telangana, India. It comes under Medchal mandal.
As of the year 2011, the village had a population of 790.
# Professor of Modern History (Glasgow)

The Chair of Modern History at the University of Glasgow was founded in 1893 as the Chair of History. In 1956 the title was changed to Modern History to reflect the establishment of the Edwards Chair of Medieval History. It is the second-oldest chair of history in the United Kingdom outside of Oxbridge.

## Professors of History/Professors of Modern History

* Sir Richard Lodge MA (1894-1899)
* Dudley Julius Medley MA LLD (1899-1931)
* Andrew Browning MA DLitt FBA (1931-57)
* Esmond Wright MA (1957-67)
* William Ranulf Brock MA PhD FBA (1967-80)
* Keith Gilbert Robbins MA DPhil DLitt FRSE (1981-90)
* Sir Hew Strachan MA PhD DUniv FRSE (1991-2000)
* Bernard Wasserstein MA DPhil DLitt (2000-03)
* Colin Kidd MA DPhil FRSE FBA (2003-10)
* Sönke Neitzel BA MA PhD (2010-12)
* Lynn Abrams BA MA PhD (2013-present)
# Professor of Medieval and Renaissance English (Cambridge)

The chair in Medieval and Renaissance English (1954) is a professorship in English literature at Cambridge University. It was created in 1954 for C. S. Lewis, and is unusual among professorships in this field in uniting 'medieval' and 'renaissance' categories and fields of study.

## Professors of Medieval and Renaissance English

* C. S. Lewis, 1954
* J. A. W. Bennett, 1964
* John Stevens, 1978
* Jill Mann, 1988
* James Simpson, 1999
* Helen Cooper, 2005
* Nicolette Zeeman, 2016
* Anthony Bale, 2024
# Under the Black Umbrella

Under the Black Umbrella: Voices From Colonial Korea, 1910-1945 is a book by writer Hildi Kang published by Cornell University Press in 2001. It shows a general snapshot of feelings towards the Japanese many years after the colonization of Korea.
# Protocol 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights

Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ETS No. 177) is an anti-discrimination treaty of the Council of Europe. It was adopted on November 4, 2000, in Rome and entered into force on April 1, 2005, after tenth ratification. As of July 2024, it has been ratified by 20 states (of the 46 CoE member states).

## Core provisions

   Article 1 – General prohibition of discrimination. 1 The enjoyment of any right set forth by law shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status. 2 No one shall be discriminated against by any public authority on any ground such as those mentioned in paragraph 1.
Unlike Article 14 of the Convention itself, the prohibition of discrimination in Protocol 12 is not limited to enjoying only those rights provided by the Convention.

## Application

The first case, where the European Court of Human Rights has found a violation of Article 1 of Protocol No. 12, was Sejdić and Finci v. Bosnia and Herzegovina, adjudicated in 2009.
# Ulysses Grant Baker Pierce

Ulysses Grant Baker Pierce (1865–1943) was a Unitarian minister who served as Chaplain of the United States Senate (1909–1913).

## Early years

Pierce was born in Providence, Rhode Island on July 17, 1865. He received degrees from Hillsdale College and Harvard Divinity School (1890–1891). He was ordained in July 1891 at Decorah, Iowa.

## Ministry

Following his ordination, he served congregations in Decorah, Iowa (1891–1892), Pomona, California (1893–1897), and Ithaca, New York (1898–1901).
From 1901 to 1943, Pierce was the pastor of All Souls Unitarian Church in Washington, D.C. He held the position of Chaplain of the United States Senate from 1909 to 1913, under President William Howard Taft.
Pierce died on October 10, 1943, at the age of 78. His ashes were entombed in a niche in the southwest corner of the Court of the Founders, All Soul’s Unitarian Church, Washington, D.C.

## Personal life

On July 27, 1891, at Allegan, Michigan, Pierce married Helen Florence Lonsbury, daughter of George and Sarah Lonsbury.
# Protolampra brunneicollis

Protolampra brunneicollis, the brown-collared dart, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1864. It is found in eastern North America from New Brunswick to Alberta in southern Canada, and in the United States from Maine to North Carolina and Tennessee west to Mississippi, north to Minnesota, with scattered records in the west from North Dakota, South Dakota and Montana.
The wingspan is about 35 mm. Adults are on wing from June to September. There are possibly two generations per year or one with adults aestivating.
The larvae feed on a wide range of herbaceous and woody, low-growing plants including blueberry, clover, dandelion, sweet-fern, and tobacco. Larvae have been reared on Vaccinium, Taraxacum officinale and Comptonia peregrina.
# Ungna Line

The Ungna Line (Korean: 웅라선) was a railway line of the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), connecting Unggi with the important port city of Rason.

## History

Seeking to create a shorter route from Japan to Xinjing and Harbin in Manchukuo, the South Manchuria Railway took over control of the Chosen Government Railway's Sangsambong–Unggi Domun Line in October 1933, creating the North Chosen Line. Although Unggi was a satisfactory port, a larger one was built at Najin, so Mantetsu built a new line to connect the North Chosen Line to the new port facilities. This line, the 15.2 km (9.4 mi) Ungna Line (Yūra Line in Japanese), was opened on 1 November 1935. At the same time, the Najinbudu Line was opened to connect the main railyard at Najin to the wharves at the port.
Following the end of the Pacific War and the partition of Korea, the Ungna Line was taken over by the Korean State Railway, which eventually merged it with several other lines to create the current Hambuk Line between Najin and Cheongjin.

## Route

Stations as of 1945 :
| Distance | Distance | Station name | Station name | Station name | Station name | | |
| Total; km | S2S; km | Transcribed, Korean | Transcribed, Japanese | Hunminjeongeum | Hanja/Kanji | Opening date Original owner | Connections |
| 0.0 | 0.0 | Unggi | Yūki | 웅기 | 雄基 | 16 November 1929 Sentetsu | Mantetsu North Chosen Line |
| | | Baekhwa | Hyakuka | 백화 | 百花 | 1 November 1935 | |
| 6.2 | | Gwan'gok | Kankoku | 관곡 | 寛谷 | 1 November 1935 | |
| 15.2 | 9.0 | Najin | Rashin | 나진 | 羅津 | 1 November 1935 | Mantetsu Najinbudu Line |
| 3.0 | 3.0 (from Najin) | Namnajin | Minami-Rashin | 남나진 | 南羅津 | 1 November 1935 | |
# Protected Natural Area

Protected Natural Area may refer to:
* Mexican Protected Natural Areas
* Areas that are part of the Protected Natural Areas Programme in New Zealand
* A type of conservation area in New Brunswick
# Proterocosma ochronota

Proterocosma ochronota is a moth of the family Agonoxenidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1886. It is found in Tonga.
# Unificación Puertorriqueña Tripartita

Unificación Puertorriqueña Tripartita (Tripartite Puerto Rican Unification) was political party in Puerto Rico founded on 14 July 1940. It resulted from the merger of three political parties: Partido Liberal Puertorriqueño, Partido Unión Republicana Progresista and Partido Laborista Puro. It supported statehood for Puerto Rico as its major tenet.
# Program derivation

In computer science, program derivation is the derivation of a program from its specification, by mathematical means.
To derive a program means to write a formal specification, which is usually non-executable, and then apply mathematically correct rules in order to obtain an executable program satisfying that specification. The program thus obtained is then correct by construction. Program and correctness proof are constructed together.
The approach usually taken in formal verification is to first write a program, and then provide a proof that it conforms to a given specification. The main problems with this are that:
* the resulting proof is often long and cumbersome;
* no insight is given as to how the program was developed; it appears "like a rabbit out of a hat";
* should the program happen to be incorrect in some subtle way, the attempt to verify it is likely to be long and certain to be fruitless.
Program derivation tries to remedy these shortcomings by:
* keeping proofs shorter, by development of appropriate mathematical notations;
* making design decisions through formal manipulation of the specification.
Terms that are roughly synonymous with program derivation are: transformational programming, algorithmics, deductive programming.
The Bird-Meertens Formalism is an approach to program derivation.
Approaches to achieving correctness in Distributed computing include research languages such as the P programming language.
# Province (Poland)

Province was the largest territorial subdivision in medieval and Renaissance-era Poland, and later in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The term designated each of the two largest constituents of the state: depending on the period, including Greater Poland, Lesser Poland and (upon the formation of the Commonwealth) the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Ducal Prussia was often counted as part of the Greater Poland; Livonia as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Ruthenian territories were split between Lesser Poland and the Grand Duchy.
Though larger than a voivodeship (województwo), the prowincja was less important in terms of offices and power. In most respects, it was merely a titular unit of administration. The real power lay with the voivodeship—and, to a lesser extent, with ziemias (lands).
The Polish term "prowincja" has not been used to denote any part of independent Poland since the Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1795)—unlike "ziemia", which has continued to be used for certain geographical areas. Since 1795, the Polish word "prowincja" has been used only for certain foreign-imposed units of administration within territories of the old Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
# Pržine, Gacko

Pržine (Serbian Cyrillic: Пржине) is a village in the municipality of Gacko, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Pazhavila Rameshan

Pazhavila Ramesan (30 March 1936 – 13 June 2019) was a Malayalam–language journalist, poet and lyricist from Kerala, India, who received the 2017 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions.

## Biography

From 1961 to 1968 he was the co-editor of K. Balakrishnan's Kaumudi Weekly. He worked as the Director of Kerala Bhasha Institute (State Institute of Languages). His literary works include Pazhavila Rameshante Kavithakal, Mazhayude Jalakom and Njan Ente Kadukalilekk (poetry collections); Ormayude Varthamanam, Mayatha Varakal and Nervara (essays). He wrote lyrics for a few Malayalam film songs including those from the films Njattadi (1979), Aashamsakalode (1984), Uncle Bun (1991), Malootty (1992) and Vasudha (1992).

## Death

Pazhavila Ramesan died in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on 13 June 2019, following a time of illness.
# Unio delphinus

Unio delphinus is a species of bivalve belonging to the family Unionidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic basins of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco
# Provost of Beverley Minster

The Provost of St John's, Beverley (Beverley Minster) is a position said to have been created by Archbishop Thomas of Bayeux (1070–1100). The provost had responsibility for the administration of the lands owned by the minster and for the general revenues of the chapter. He was an external officer with authority in the government of the church, but with no stall in the choir and no vote in chapter.
Most of the provosts of Beverley were appointed as a reward for their work as civil servants. The post was finally terminated during the Reformation.

## List of Provosts

Source: Durham University e-theses except when otherwise stated.
* 1092–1109: Thomas (afterwards Archbishop of York, 1109–1114)
* 1109-: Robert
* c.1132: Thomas (Normannus)
* c.1135: Robert
* c.1141–1152: Thurstan
* c.1153–1154: Roger de Pont L'Évêque
* 1154–1162: Thomas Becket (afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, 1162–1170)
* by 1169–1177: Geoffrey
* 1181–1201: Robert
* by 1202–1204: Simon of Wells (afterwards Bishop of Chichester, 1204–1207)
* 1205: Alan
* by 1212–1217: Morgan {Bishop-elect of Durham, 1215)
* 1217–1218: William
* 1218–1222: Peter de Sherburn
* 1222–c.1239: Fulk Basset (afterwards Dean of York, 1238 and Bishop of London, 1244–1259)
* 1239–1246: William de York (afterwards Bishop of Salisbury, 1246–1256)
* 1247–1264: John Maunsell
* 1265–1274: John Chishull (afterwards Bishop of London, 1274–1280}
* c.1274–1278 Geoffrey de Sancto Marco
* 1278–1294: Peter de Cestria (Peter of Chester)
* 1294–1304: Aymo de Carto {afterwards Bishop of Geneva, 1304)
* 1304–1306: Robert de Abberwick
* 1306–1308: Walter Reynolds (afterwards Bishop of Worcester, 1308)
* 1308–1317: William Melton (afterwards Archbishop of York, 1317–1340)
* 1317–1338: Nicholas de Huggate
* 1338–1360: William de la Mare
* 1360-c.1368: Richard de Ravenser
* c.1368–c.1373: Adam de Lymbergh
* 1373–1379: John de Thoresby
* 1381–1419: Robert Manfield
* 1419–1422: William Kinwolmarsh
* 1422–1427: Robert Neville (Bishop of Salisbury, 1427–1438) and Bishop of Durham, 1437–1457)
* 1427–1450: Robert Rolleston
* 1450–1457: John de Barningham
* 1457–1457: Lawrence Booth (afterwards Bishop of Durham, 1457–1476}
* 1457–1465: John Booth (afterwards Bishop of Exeter, 1465}
* 1465–1465: Henry Webber
* 1465–1467: Peter de Tastar
* 1467–1493: William Poteman
* 1493–1503: Hugh Trotter
* 1503–1525: Thomas Dalby
* 1525–1543: Thomas Wynter (also Dean of Wells, 1525-1529 and Archdeacon of Cornwall, 1537)
* 1543–c.1548: Reginald Lee
# Pazhavangadi (Pathanamthitta)

Pazhavangadi is a village in the taluk of Ranni, Pathanamthitta district, in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Pazhavangadi had a population of 21058 with 10270 males and 10788 females.
# Proletarsky Urban Settlement

Proletarsky Urban Settlement or Proletarskoye Urban Settlement is the name of several municipal formations in Russia.
* Proletarsky Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which Proletarsky Settlement Okrug in Rakityansky District of Belgorod Oblast is incorporated as
* Proletarsky Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Work Settlement of Proletarsky in Serpukhovsky District of Moscow Oblast is incorporated as
* Proletarskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which Proletarskoye Settlement in Novgorodsky District of Novgorod Oblast is incorporated as
* Proletarskoye Urban Settlement, an administrative division and a municipal formation which the town of Proletarsk and three rural localities in Proletarsky District of Rostov Oblast are incorporated as
# Tækniskólinn

Tækniskólinn (lit. Technical College) is an upper secondary school in Reykjavík, Iceland, providing both vocational and specialized programmes. It was formed in 2008 through the merger of its two predecessors: Iðnskólinn í Reykjavík and Fjöltækniskólinn. It is subdivided into 13 trade-specific schools, which collectively make up one of the largest schools in the country.
These schools are located at Skólavörðuholt, 101 Reykjavík: School of Building and Construction Trades School of Design and Handicraft School of Electrical Technology School of General Academic Studies and Design School of Handicraft - Hair, Gold and Clothes School of Continuing Education
Located at Háteigsvegur, 105 Reykjavík: School of Information Technology School of Engine Technology School of Navigation Reykjavik Academy of Technology
The school is owned by the following Icelandic business organizations: The Federation of Icelandic Fishing Vessel Owners The Federation of Icelandic Industries Samorka – Icelandic Energy & Utilities The Icelandic Shipowners' Association
# UK Tour

UK Tour may refer to:
* UK Tour, a snooker tour held from 1997–2000, now called the Q Tour
* UK Tour '75, a Thin Lizzy album
# Pseudolaguvia virgulata

Pseudolaguvia virgulata is a species of catfish in the family Erethistidae. It is found in the Barak River drainage in Mizoram, India.

## Description

Pseudolaguvia virgulata reaches a standard length of 2.9 cm (1.1 in).
# Pseudolaguvia tuberculata

Pseudolaguvia tuberculata is a species of catfish in the family Erethistidae. It is found in Myanmar.

## Description

Pseudolaguvia tuberculata reaches a standard length of 3 centimetres (1.2 in).