OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Panning law

Panning law, or panning rule, is a recording and mixing principle that states that any signal of equal amplitude and phase that is played in both channels of a stereo system will increase in loudness up to 6.02 dBSPL, provided there is perfect response in the loudspeaker system and perfect acoustics in the room.
Often, the acoustic summing of a room and system are inferior to the ideal, so the specific relative level will increase from −3 dB to 0 dB as the mono signal is panned from center to hard left or right. The idea of including a pan law is so that when one directs signals left or right with the pan pot, the perceived loudness will stay the same.
However, both the direction of attenuation throughout the panoramic sweep and the amount by which the signal is attenuated vary according to panning rule. For example, Yamaha digital consoles employ a typical (compromise) 3 dB panning rule where the signal is at full level when pan position is centered and becomes progressively louder (up to + 3 dB) as it is panned to the right or left.
The 3 dB panning rule is a commonly applied compromise to comply with the mediocre acoustic summing capabilities of most control rooms. However, the console manufacturer SSL used to employ a 4.5 dB panning rule, because it was believed that their expensive consoles would normally be used in tuned rooms that had acoustic summing capabilities closer to the ideal.
Many consoles that have only one panning rule employ one such that a signal panned hard left or right is at full level and becomes progressively lower in level as the pan is directed to the center.
# Țipăul Mare

The Țipăul Mare is a left tributary of the river Zăbala in Romania. It flows into the Zăbala near Spulber. Its length is 9 km (5.6 mi) and its basin size is 22 km$^2$ (8.5 sq mi).
# New Data Seal

In cryptography, New Data Seal (NDS) is a block cipher that was designed at IBM in 1975, based on the Lucifer algorithm that became DES.
The cipher uses a block size of 128 bits, and a very large key size of 2048 bits. Like DES it has a 16-round Feistel network structure. The round function uses two fixed 4×4-bit S-boxes, chosen to be non-affine. The key is also treated as an 8×8-bit lookup table, using the first bit of each of the 8 bytes of the half-block as input. The nth bit of the output of this table determines whether or not the two nibbles of the nth byte are swapped after S-box substitution. All rounds use the same table. Each round function ends with a fixed permutation of all 64 bits, preventing the cipher from being broken down and analyzed as a system of simpler independent subciphers.
In 1977, Edna Grossman and Bryant Tuckerman cryptanalyzed NDS using the first known slide attack. This method uses no more than 4096 chosen plaintexts; in their best trial they recovered the key with only 556 chosen plaintexts.
# Rhynchonella pugnus

Rhynchonella pugnus is an extinct species of brachiopods.
# Saghar, Afghanistan

Saghar is a village in Saghar District in Afghanistan's Ghor Province. It is located at 33°42'0N 63°52'0E with an altitude of 2235 metres (7335 feet).
# Voeltzkowia

Voeltzkowia is a genus of skinks.

## Geographic range

The genus Voeltzkowia is endemic to Madagascar.

## Species

Three species are recognized as being valid.
* Voeltzkowia mira Boettger, 1893
* Voeltzkowia mobydick (Miralles et al., 2012)
* Voeltzkowia yamagishii (Sakata & Hikida, 2003)
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Voeltzkowia.
The species V. mobydick and V. yamagishii were formerly in the genus Sirenoscincus.
The species formerly known as Voeltzkowia fierinensis, V. lineata, V. petiti, and V. rubrocaudata have been assigned to the genus Grandidierina.

## Etymology

The generic name, Voeltzkowia, is in honor of German biologist Alfred Voeltzkow.
# Perfect Combination

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Perfect Combination is a collaboration album by American contemporary R&B singers Stacy Lattisaw and Johnny Gill, released on February 13, 1984, via Cotillion Records. The album peaked at number 139 on the Billboard 200. Three singles were released from the album: "Perfect Combination" / "Heartbreak Look", "Block Party" and a cover of the Shirelles' "Baby It's You". "Perfect Combination" / "Heartbreak Look" was the only single from the album to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 75 in 1984.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Narada Michael Walden, except tracks 2, 4, 6 and 8 co-produced by Preston Glass

## Personnel

* Stacy Lattisaw – lead and backing vocals
* Johnny Gill – lead and backing vocals
* Narada Michael Walden – percussion, drums, keyboards, Simmons drums, computer sequencing, sequencing
* Randy Jackson – bass
* Preston Glass – acoustic guitar, glockenspiel, backing vocals
* Bobby Black – pedal steel, slide guitar
* David Sancious – piano, keyboards
* Frank Martin – synthesizer, keyboards
* Joaquin Lievano, Corrado Rustici – guitar
* Alan Glass – electric guitar
* Marc Russo – saxophone
* Mingo Lewis – percussion
* Vicki Randle, Jim Gilstrap, Bonnie Boyer, Myrna Matthews, Carla Vaughn, Linda Imperial, Kevin Walden, Ben E. Epps, Dennis Saunders, Frank Loverde, Yolanda Glass, Leslie Ann Jones, John Lehman – backing vocals

## Chart positions

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 139 |
# Samuele (Mayr)

Samuele is an 1821 Italian-language oratorio by Simon Mayr to a libretto by Bartolomeo Merelli. It was performed on 2 June 1821 in Bergamo's Congregazione della Carità by pupils of the Lezioni caritatevoli to welcome the arrival of the new bishop Pietro Mola.

## Recordings

* Samuele Franz Hauk 2CDs Naxos
# Tim Murray (disambiguation)

Tim Murray was the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts.
Tim Murray may also refer to:
* Tim Murray (archaeologist) (born 1955), Australian archaeologist
* Tim Murray (ice hockey executive) (born 1963), former general manager for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League
* Tim Murray (ice hockey player) (born 1974), Canadian former ice hockey defenceman who starred with the New Hampshire Wildcats in the 1990s
* Tim Murray (rapper), American rapper
* Tim Murray (soccer) (born 1987), American soccer player
# Panlongcheng station

Panlongcheng Station (Chinese: 盘龙城站), is a station on Line 2 of Wuhan Metro. It entered revenue service on December 28, 2016. It is located in Huangpi District.

## Station layout

| G | Entrances and Exits | Exits A-D |
| B1 | Concourse | Faregates, Station Agent |
| B2 | Northbound | ← Line 2 towards Tianhe International Airport (Julong Boulevard) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| B2 | Southbound | Line 2 towards Fozuling (Hongtu Boulevard) → |
# Țiriac Holdings

Țiriac Holdings Ltd. is a Romanian company primarily owned by Ion Țiriac. Among its operations are car dealership, vehicle leasing, real estate, elevator manufacturing, transport and leasing of executive jets (Țiriac Air), banking (UniCredit Țiriac Bank), and insurance (Allianz Țiriac). It also has a 49% interest in a joint venture with DaimlerChrysler for the sales and marketing of all DaimlerChrysler automotive brands in Romania. Allianz Tiriac was found initially under the name ASIT – Asigurari Ion Țiriac in 1994. ASIT was integrated in 2000 in Allianz Group.
# New Dawn Fades

"New Dawn Fades" is a song by English rock band Joy Division from their 1979 debut album Unknown Pleasures. The song opens with a backwards and heavily modified sample from a previous song, "Insight", presumably added by Martin Hannett post-production.
The song relies on an ascending guitar riff by Bernard Sumner played against a descending bass riff by Peter Hook. The song uses the same progression throughout, but grows in intensity as the song progresses, reaching its peak with Ian Curtis singing "Me, seeing me this time, hoping for something else", and ending with a guitar solo. The song closes side one of Unknown Pleasures. It's also one of few Joy Division songs with two distinct guitars playing, one distorted and one a clean electric guitar picking notes from the guitar chords.

## Cover versions

It has been covered by Moby, and he later featured on New Order's cover for the 24 Hour Party People soundtrack. There is also a version from Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist John Frusciante. Ambient techno act The Sight Below covered it on its second album It All Falls Apart, featuring vocals by Jesy Fortino of Tiny Vipers. Rheinallt H Rowlands recorded a Welsh language version of the song, Gwawr Newydd Yn Cilio. The American Grindcore band Graf Orlock used elements of the song in the last track Quick on the trigger of their Heat-themed EP Los Angeles.

## In popular culture

"New Dawn Fades" has been featured in several films. In the 1995 film Heat, an instrumental version of Moby's cover plays during the car chase leading up to Al Pacino's and Robert De Niro's first on-screen meeting. Joy Division's original was used in the 2005 remake of House of Wax, and a live version was featured in the 2006 Academy Award nominee Reprise. An instrumental version was produced by Christopher Drake on the Batman Year One Soundtrack. It was most recently used in the soundtrack for Antoine Fuqua's 2014 movie The Equalizer, starring Denzel Washington. It is in the soundtrack of ACAB - All Cops Are Bastards.
# Rhynchomitra

Rhynchomitra is a genus of dictyopharid planthoppers in the family Dictyopharidae. There are about five described species in Rhynchomitra.

## Species

These five species belong to the genus Rhynchomitra:
* Rhynchomitra cubanensis (Melichar, 1912)$^{cg}$
* Rhynchomitra lingula (Van Duzee, 1908)$^{cgb}$
* Rhynchomitra mexicana Fennah, 1944$^{cg}$
* Rhynchomitra microrhina (Walker, 1851)$^{cgb}$
* Rhynchomitra recurva (Metcalf, 1923)$^{cgb}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Neophasia

Neophasia is a genus of pierid butterflies found in North America.

## Species

* Neophasia menapia (Felder, C & R Felder, 1859)
* Neophasia terlooii Behr, 1869
# Roy Kyamko

Lt. Gen. Roy Kyamko (Ret.) was head of the Armed Forces of the Philippines Southern Command (Southcom) during operations against the Abu Sayyaf Group in 2004.
# Primor'ye-class surveillance ship

The Primor'ye class are a group of spy ships built for the Soviet Navy. Two ships are operated by the Russian Navy. The Soviet designation was Project 394B.

## Design and role

The ships were designed to gather SIGINT and COMINT electronic intelligence via an extensive array of sensors. The data could be transmitted to shore via satellite link antennas. The ships were converted from the hulls of large trawlers.

## Ships

Two ships are in service with the Black Sea Fleet:
* SSV-590 Krym
* SSV-591 Kavkaz
Four further ships were retired in the mid-to-late 1990s.
# Stadion Rankhof

Stadion Rankhof is a football stadium in Basel, Switzerland. It has a capacity of 7,600 with 1,000 seats and 6,600 standing places. The record attendance of the original stadium was about 30,000 spectators. The stadium was rebuilt between 1993 and 1995. The stands face south towards the grass pitch. The north side of the stadium is completely constructed of glass to protect against the wind. The dimension of the pitch is 100 x 64 metres. It has a grass surface and flood-lighting. The second pitch, north of the stands, is the same size and also has flood-lighting. Rankhof has four training and one synthetic pitch, this also has flood-lights. Further there is a gymnasium and six tennis courts.
Rankhof is the home ground for FC Nordstern Basel FC Basel U-21, and the Basel Gladiators American football club. Until the end the 2008/09 season it was also the home of FC Concordia Basel.
# San Giovanni (Rome Metro)

San Giovanni is an underground interchange station on Lines A and C of the Rome Metro.
The station is located in Piazzale Appio at the beginning of Via Appia Nuova, beside the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, from which the station takes its name.
It opened in 1980 on Line A. On May 12, 2018, Line C was extended to the station. It serves as the westernmost terminus of Line C, pending its extension to Fori Imperiali, which is currently under construction.
San Giovanni is the first stop on the Rome Metro which is part of the Archeostation circuit. Archaeological finds discovered during the works of the new Line C are exhibited inside the stations.

## Located nearby

* Lateran Palace
* Basilica of St. John Lateran
* Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
* Porta San Giovanni
* Porta Asinaria

## Interchanges

* Interchange station for Line A and Line C on the Rome Metro.
* 3 (Tram Line) - 16 - 51 - 77 - 81 - 85 - 87 - 218 - 360 - 665 - 792 (ATAC Bus Network) - NMA - NMC - N3S (ATAC Night Bus lines)

## Gallery

* The entrance from Piazzale Appio with Porta San Giovanni at the back
* The platform level of the C line station
* Part of the station museum
# Panos Gavalas

Panagiotis (Panos) Gavalas (Greek: Πάνος Γαβαλάς; October 26, 1926 – December 3, 1988) was a Greek singer.

## Discography

| Year | Title | Greek title | English title |
| 1982 | Axehastes Epityhies | Αξέχαστες Επιτυχίες Νο 2 | Unforgettable Success |
| 1983 | Axehastes Epityhies No. 2 | Αξέχαστες Επιτυχίες | Unforgettable Success 2 |
| 1985 | I Chrysi Epochi | Η Χρυσή Εποχή Νο 1 | The Golden Era |
| 1984 | I Chrysi Epochi No 2 | Η Χρυσή Εποχή Νο 2 | The Golden Era II |
| 1984 | I Chrysi Epochi No 3 | Η Χρυσή Εποχή Νο 3 – 1984 | The Golden Era III |
| 1984 | Einai Ora Gia Agkalia | Είναι Ωρα Για Αγκαλιά | It Is Time for a Hug |
| 1985 | I Chrysi Epochi No 15 | Η Χρυσή Εποχή Νο 15 | The Golden Era XV |
| 1985 | Ta Portreta Tis | Τα Πορτραίτα Της | Their Portrait (Minos-EMI |
| 1985 | I Chrysi Epochi No 5 | Η Χρυσή Εποχή Νο 5 | The Golden Era V |
| 1986 | Mia Anasa | Μια Ανάσα | One Breath |
| 1987 | Dyo Dyo | Δυο Δυο | Two Two |
| '1989 | Tragoudontas Tis Epoches No 1 – Afieromeno Exairetika | Τραγουδώντας Τις Εποχές Νο 1 Αφιερωμένο Εξαιρετικά | Singing Through The Times 1 |
| 1991 | Ta Laika Tou Panou Gavala | Τα Λαϊκά Του Πάνου Γαβαλά | The Folk Songs From Panos Gavalas |
| 1992 | Mazi | Μαζί | Together |
| 1992 | Tragoudontas Tis Epoches No 2 | Τραγουδώντας Τις Εποχές No2 | Singing Through The Times 2 |
| 1994 | Apo Tous Thisavrous Ton 45 Strofon | 2000Από Τους Θυσαυρούς Των 45 Στροφών | From The Treasures of the 45 Turns |
| 1995 | Mia Peripeteia | Μια Περιπέτεια | One Adventure |
| 1996 | Laikes Sygkiniseis | Λαϊκές Συγκινήσεις | – |
| 1996 | Tragoudia Apo Tis 45 Strofes | Τραγούδια Απο Τις 45 Στροφές | Songs From The 45 Turns |
| 2000 | Dyo – Dyo | Δυό – Δυό | Two – Two |
# Salima Souakri

Salima Souakri (born 6 December 1974) is an Algerian judoka who competed at four Olympic Games.

## Career

She finished in joint fifth place in the extra-lightweight (48 kg) division at the 1996 Summer Olympics, having lost the bronze medal match to Yolanda Soler of Spain. She moved up to the half-lightweight (52 kg) division, finishing seventh in the 2000 Olympic Games and fifth again at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. On this occasion she lost the bronze medal match to Amarilis Savon of Cuba.
Between 29 June 2020 and 7 July 2021, Souakri served as Secretary of State for Youth and Sports, succeeding Noureddine Morceli.
# Rex Records (2001)

The most recent record label to use the name Rex Records was started in 2001 as an off-shot of XL Recordings. Overall, it was an experiment releasing demo recordings from more left field artists. The label was the original home of Australian artists The Avalanches and The Vines, and has also released the single Seventeen Years by Ratatat.
# Neopotamia cathemacta

Neopotamia cathemacta is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Thailand and Sumatra.
# Row River National Recreation Trail

Row River National Recreation Trail is a rails to trails conversion in the U.S. state of Oregon. It follows the Row River for 16.2 miles (26.1 km) between Cottage Grove and Culp Creek, passing by Dorena Lake, and provides access to many forest trails of Umpqua National Forest.
The rail line was built to serve the gold and silver mining of the Bohemia mining district well up the Row River. The mines were closing by the time the rail line was complete, but the region's old-growth timber attracted many logging operations and communities that kept the rail line busy. The Oregon Pacific & Eastern Railway abandoned the line in 1994. A timber sale default resulted in the Bureau of Land Management taking the rail corridor in exchange for payment.
There are three historic covered bridges near the trail: the Mosby Creek Bridge of 1920, Currin Bridge of 1925, and the Dorena Bridge of 1949.
Several movies have been filmed along the route, including 1926's The General with Buster Keaton, 1974's Emperor of the North (Pole) with Lee Marvin and Ernest Borgnine, and 1986's Stand by Me with Keifer Sutherland and River Phoenix.
# Primor

Primor is a Hungarian title of nobility of Székely origin. It was the highest-ranking title in Székely aristocracy, and is usually compared in rank with the Western titles of count and baron. Synonyms sometimes found in older sources are főnemes (chief noble), főúr (chief lord), or főszékely (chief Székely)

## Origins

Traditionally, on paper, all Székely were considered nobles. Their nobility was derived from their settlement in Székely Land as terra nullius (not yet belonging to anyone, including to the Hungarian king). Being nobles, all members of Székely society were personally bound to take up arms in defence of their country (Székely Land at the time forming the Eastern border of Hungary, and in part of Christian Europe). According to their ability to do so, they were divided into three categories. The pixidarii (commoners) were those who had a small plot of land, but did not have a horse, and as such were enlisted as infantrymen. The wealthier primipilus, also called lófő ("chief horsemen") or equites, comparable to knights, and bound to take part in battle as cavalry soldiers. The primores, finally, were nobles with considerable land and wealth, and as such, were expected to provide an armed force.
Later, the primors began to expand their power over the other two groups, attaining a status comparable to the higher aristocracy of medieval Hungary. Under King Matthias, during the 15th century, the primores' status was codified in law. Conversely time, the pixidarii (commoners) were gradually reduced to de facto peasants. Under Stephen Bathory, in the 16th century, pixidarii were no longer exempt from paying taxes, barred from becoming elected officials and could be forced to work as serfs, de jure completing this process. After Hungary came under Habsburg rule, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I in his 1691 Diploma Leopoldinum confirmed the validity of Transsylvanian noble titles, including the primores.

## Etymology

The word 'primor' is postulated to have come from Latin primus, or 'first', possibly as 'the first in line of battle'.

## Legal status

The still valid 1947 Statute IV regarding the abolition of certain titles and ranks abolished all titles of Hungarian aristocracy, specifically including primor. It is currently prohibited in the Republic of Hungary to use the title.
Before the Communist era, the royal minister of internal affairs regulated the use of the title of primor. One was legally considered a primor, if one could prove to be a direct descendant of a family that was considered part of the high Székely aristocracy in 1713 or before, or could provide a princely diploma granting status into high Székely aristocracy to one of his proven direct ancestors.

## Families holding the title

Among families holding the primor title are:
* Apor family (Apor de Altorja, Apor de Zalán)
* Pállfy family (Pállfy ab Erdőd)
* Mikes family (Mikes de Zabola)
* Kálnoki family (Kálnoki de Köröspatak)
* Andrássy family (Andrássy von Csikszentkirály)
* Bocskai family
* Csoma family (Csoma de Gelencze / Gelence)
# Perittopus asiaticus

Perittopus asiaticus is a species of riffle bug from Malaysia, China, and Thailand.
# San Pitch Mountains

The San Pitch Mountains are a 40-mile (64 km) long mountain range located in Juab and Sanpete counties in central Utah, United States.

## Description

The range's southwest lies adjacent a north-flowing stretch of the Sevier River, as it transitions north, northwest, west, and then southwest into the Sevier Desert. The river traverses around the adjacent mountain ranges of the Valley and Canyon Mountains.
The range is north-south trending and located between the Juab Valley west and the Sanpete Valley east. Yuba State Park is in the south of Juab Valley and borders the range's southwest, on the Sevier River.
The San Pitch Mountains are the location of Maple Canyon, which along with adjoining Box Canyon is an internationally famous rock climbing area, due to the composition of the rock walls being a conglomerate, with hundreds of routes of widely varying difficulty.

## Mountain peaks

The highpoint of the range is Salt Creek Peak, 9,997 feet (3,047 m), located at the north terminus of the range, and close to the Wasatch Range. The center of the range lies between Big Baldy, 8,775 feet (2,675 m) southeasterly, and Little Red Hill, 6,836 feet (2,084 m), at center-northwest.

## Access

The west mountain perimeter is traversed by Utah Route 28 through Levan. The east side of the range through Sanpete Valley is traversed by Utah Route 132 and U.S. 89.
# Opera cream

Opera creams are a candy made of chocolate. They are most popularly associated with Cincinnati, Ohio, though they are sold in other Ohio cities, as well as Kentucky.

## History

Sources vary on whether the Cincinnati opera cream was invented by Bissinger's or the Robert H. Putnam Company, both Cincinnati confectioneries, though Dann Woellert notes that the first local advertisements for the candy was in 1924 by Putman's. A legend for how the candies got their name states that they were given to opera-goers at the Cincinnati Music Hall for free at intermission. They are a popular candy in Cincinnati confectioneries such as Schneider's Sweet Shop and Aglamesis Bro's; they've been called the "most Cincinnati of all sweets". They are also produced by Esther Price Candies, however, which is based in Dayton, Ohio. Chris A. Papas & Son, a Covington, Kentucky business, lists the opera cream Easter egg as their most popular Easter egg variety.

## Composition

The center of an opera cream is made of cream, sugar, vanilla, and a marshmallow cream. The exterior of the opera cream is milk, dark, or white chocolate. The creation of opera creams occurs in four stages. The ingredients for the center—cream, sugar, and vanilla—are heated in a double boiler to create what's called a "fondant". Once cooled, the fondant mixture is kneaded in a ball cream beater, which is a kind of horizontal circular mixer. In the third stage, the fondant is parsed into small pieces to form the cream center. Lastly, the cream center is coated in chocolate.

## Variations

The usual form of the opera cream is a rectangular chocolate, with dark, milk, and white chocolate varieties produced. However, around the Easter holiday, opera cream Easter eggs are popular, with some varieties of opera cream egg weighing up to 3 lb (1.4 kg). Other food and drink products are created based on the opera cream, including cakes, cupcakes, and flavored beer stouts. The BonBonerie Bakery in Cincinnati makes and sells up to eighty 9 in (23 cm) opera cream cakes per day during the winter holiday season.
# 胡蝶

胡蝶 or 蝴蝶, meaning "Butterfly"/"Butterflies", may refer to:
* "Butterflies" (蝴蝶), song in the album Angst by Canadian-Taiwanese pop singer Patrick Brasca
* Butterfly (2004 film) (蝴蝶), Hong Kong drama film
* Butterfly (constituency), constituency in the Tuen Mun District
* Hu Die (胡蝶; 1907 or 1908–1989), Chinese actress
* Hu Die (TV host) (胡蝶; born 1983), Chinese television hostess
* "Isabellae" (蝴蝶), song in the album Black Cab by Masiwei, Melo and Psy.P
* Shinobu Kocho (胡蝶 忍), character in the anime and manga series Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba
* Soul of a Demon (蝴蝶), 2007 Taiwanese film
* Wu Dip (胡蝶), character in the Hong Kong television drama Karma Rider
* "蝴蝶", song in the album Lovers & Strangers by Faye Wong