OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Slovenia at the 2014 Winter Paralympics

Slovenia sent a delegation to compete at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia, held between 7–16 March 2014. This was the nation's fourth appearance in the Winter Paralympic Games The Slovenian delegation consisted of a single athlete, the alpine skier Gal Jakič, who failed to finish either of his two events.

## Background

Slovenia first joined Paralympic competition as an independent nation in the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, and their first Winter Paralympics appearance was at the 1998 Winter Paralympics. They have competed in every Paralympics since those respective debuts except the 2002 Winter Paralympics, and have never sent more than one athlete to a Winter Paralympics. While Slovenia had won 20 medals at the Summer Paralympics, they have never won one at the winter version. The Slovenian delegation to Sochi consisted of a single athlete, the alpine skier Gal Jakič. Jakič was the Slovenian flag-bearer for the parade of nations during the opening ceremony, and for the closing ceremony.

## Disability classification

Every participant at the Paralympics has their disability grouped into one of five disability categories; amputation, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment, including blindness; or Les autres. Les autres includes+ any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism or multiple sclerosis. Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications, dependent upon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing. Events with "B" in the code are for athletes with visual impairment, codes LW1 to LW9 are for athletes who stand to compete and LW10 to LW12 are for athletes who compete sitting down. Alpine skiing events grouped athletes into separate competitions for sitting, standing and visually impaired athletes.

## Alpine skiing

Gal Jakič was 25 years old at the time of the Sochi Paralympics, and he had previously represented the nation at the 2010 Winter Paralympics. His disability comes from spinal cord injuries, and he is classified LW12-1, meaning he competes in a sitting position. On 13 March, he took part in the sitting slalom and fell roughly 30 seconds into his first run of the course. On 15 March, he completed the first run of the sitting giant slalom in a time of 1 minute and 49.66 seconds. In the second run, he fell off his ski around 25 seconds into the attempt.
| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 1 | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 2 | Run 2 | Final/Total | Final/Total | Final/Total |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Diff | Rank | Time | Diff | Rank | Time | Diff | Rank |
| Gal Jakič | Slalom, sitting | DNF | DNF | DNF | DNF | DNF | DNF | DNF | DNF | DNF |
| Gal Jakič | Giant slalom, sitting | 1:49.66 | +31.56 | 29 | DNF | DNF | DNF | DNF | DNF | DNF |
# Otofacial syndrome

Otofacial syndrome is an extraordinarily rare congenital deformity in which a person is born without a mandible, and, consequently, without a chin.
In nearly all cases, the child does not survive because they are unable to breathe and eat properly. Even with reconstructive surgery, the tongue is extremely underdeveloped, making unaided breathing and swallowing impossible. However there are cases, where individuals are living longer. In such cases as in Joseph K. Williams (DJBrownSugarV).

## Treatment

The first challenge to survival is assisted breathing and tubal feeding. This is a lifelong affair, generally requiring the patient to spend nearly all of the time under direct hospital care.
American surgeons successfully used bone from the hip of an Irish teenager named Alan Doherty to rebuild a jaw and chin. Surgeons began the procedures in June 2007 and completed the final of seven surgeries on 25 August 2008. Doherty is now able to smile, but is still unable to breathe, eat, or speak on his own.
# Ulrike Steinsky

Ulrike Steinsky (born 21 September 1960) is an Austrian operatic soprano and voice teacher.

## Life

Born in Vienna, Steinsky completed her vocal studies with the Kammersängerin Hilde Zadek and Waldemar Kmentt. She followed this with training at the opera school of the Conservatory of the City of Vienna.
Since 1982, Steinsky has been an ensemble member of the Vienna State Opera and has also been engaged by the Vienna Volksoper since 1987. In 1995 she was appointed Kammersängerin.
Since 1992, she has also given concerts of classical Viennese music in Germany.
Since 2011, she has been working as a singing teacher in Vienna. On 3 December 2012, she was awarded the professional title of "Professor" by Federal President Heinz Fischer.
She is married to the tenor Alois Haselbacher. Her sister Eva, born in 1956, is also an opera singer (soprano). Furthermore, Steinsky is a practising Reiki therapy.

## Recordings

* Alban Berg: Lulu, with Julia Migenes, Margarethe Bence, Ulrike Steinsky, Theo Adam; conductor: Lorin Maazel, Orchester der Wiener Staatsoper, Ariola, Live recording 1983
* Mozart: Die Zauberflöte, with Barbara Hendricks, June Anderson, Ulrike Steinsky, Jerry Hadley, Gottfried Hornik (Papageno), Robert Lloyd, Thomas Allen, Scottish Chamber Orchestra, Scottish Chamber Chorus, conductor: Sir Charles Mackerras (Telarc 1991)
# Tôn Thất Xứng

Major General Tôn Thất Xứng (, tong tək sing; 1923–2018) was an officer of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam.
He served as the commander of I Corps, which oversaw the northernmost part of the country, from 30 January 1964 until 14 November of the same year, when he was replaced by Lieutenant General Nguyễn Chánh Thi. Xứng was installed on the day of the successful coup by General Nguyễn Khánh that toppled the military junta of General Dương Văn Minh.
# The Kid's Last Ride

The Kid's Last Ride is a 1941 American western film directed by S. Roy Luby and written by Earle Snell. The film is the fifth in Monogram Pictures' "Range Busters" series, and it stars Ray "Crash" Corrigan as Crash, John "Dusty" King as Dusty and Max "Alibi" Terhune as Alibi, with Luana Walters, Edwin Brian and Alan Bridge. The film was released on February 10, 1941, by Monogram Pictures.

## Plot

Jimmy is forced by Harmon to reveal some hidden money's location. But when Harmon's men go after the money, the attempted robbery is broken up by the Range Busters. Harmon then lays a trap for Crash.

## Cast

* Ray "Crash" Corrigan as Crash Corrigan
* John 'Dusty' King as Dusty King
* Max Terhune as Alibi Terhune
* Luana Walters as Sally Rowell
* Edwin Brian as Jimmy Rowell
* Alan Bridge as Bob Harmon / Jim Breeden
* Glenn Strange as Bart Gill / Ike Breeden
* Frank Ellis as Wash
* John Elliott as Dish washer
* George Havens as Johnny
# Palladini

Palladini is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Al Palladini (1943–2001), Canadian provincial politician
* David Palladini (1946–2019), American illustrator
# Paisley Galaxy

Paisley Galaxy is the eighth Cantonese studio album by Hong Kong singer Kelly Chen. It was released on May 26, 2000, through Go East Entertainment Company Ltd in Hong Kong.

## Track listing
### CD

| No. | Title | Music | Lyrics | Arranger | Music supervisor |
| 01 | Paisley Galaxy (花花宇宙) | 雷頌德 | 林夕 | 雷頌德 | 雷頌德 |
| 02 | Amnesiac Weekend (失憶周末) | 雷頌德 | 林夕 | 雷頌德 | 雷頌德 |
| 03 | Titillating Me (撩我) | 石嘉欣 | 因葵 | Gary Chan | Gary Chan |
| 04 | Freshwater Heartbeat (清水心跳) | Gary Chan | 甄健強 | Gary Chan | Gary Chan |
| 05 | Aromatherapy for Love (香薰戀愛治療) | 李漢文 | 甄健強 | 李漢文 | 雷頌德 |
| 06 | Egregiousness (過份) | 雷頌德 | 甄健強 | 雷頌德 | 雷頌德 |
| 07 | Take My Hand | 雷頌德 | 甄健強 | 雷頌德 | 雷頌德 |
| 08 | Don't Engrave Love on Deadwood (枯枝別刻) | 山口由子 | 歐志深 | Gary Chan | Gary Chan |
| 09 | I Have Not Forgotten You (我沒有忘記) | 吳國敬 | 林夕 | 孫偉明, 吳國敬 | 吳國敬 |
| 10 | I Wanted to Love You (一早想愛你) | Davy Chan | 林夕 | 劉志遠 | Jim Lee, Gary Chan |
| 11 | We'd Better Dance (Mandarin) (不如跳舞（國）) | 雷頌德 | 林夕 | 雷頌德 | 雷頌德 |
# Smith baronets

There have been 25 creations of baronets with the surname Smith (as distinct from Smyth and Smythe).
* Smith baronets of Crantock (1642)
* Smith baronets of Hatherton (1660)
* Smith baronets of Edmondthorpe (1661)
* Smith baronets of Long Ashton (first creation, 1661)
* Smith, later Bowyer-Smyth, baronets of Hill Hall (1661): see Bowyer-Smyth baronets
* Smith baronets of Isleworth (1694)
* Smith, later Bromley, baronets of East Stoke (1757): see Bromley baronets
* Smith baronets of Long Ashton (second creation, 1763)
* Smith, sometime Wyldebore-Smith, later Smith-Marriott baronets of Sydling St Nicholas (1774): see Smith-Marriott baronets
* Smith, later Smith-Dodsworth baronets (1784): see Smith-Dodsworth baronets
* Smith, later Cusack-Smith baronets, of Tuam (1799): see Cusack-Smith baronets
* Smith, later Eardley baronets, of Hadley (1802): see Eardley baronets
* Smith, later Spencer-Smith baronets, of Tring Park (1804): see Spencer-Smith baronets
* Smith baronets of Eardiston (1809)
* Smith baronets of Pickering, Canada (1821): see Sir David William Smith, 1st Baronet (1764–1837)
* Smith, later Smith-Gordon baronets (1838): see Smith-Gordon baronets
* Smith baronets of Aliwal, Punjab (1846): see Harry George Wakelyn Smith (1787–1860)
* Smith baronets of Stratford Place (1897)
* Smith, later Prince-Smith baronets, of Hillbrook (1911): see Prince-Smith baronets
* Smith, later Hamilton-Smith baronets, of Colwyn Bay (1912): see Baron Colwyn
* Smith baronets of Birkenhead (1918): see Baron Birkenhead
* Smith baronets of Kidderminster (1920)
* Smith, later Reardon Smith baronets, of Appledore (1922): see Reardon Smith baronets
* Smith baronets of Crowmallie (1945)
* Smith baronets of Keighley (1947)
# Pan American Day

Pan American Day is a holiday observed by several countries in North and South America. It commemorates the First International Conference of American States which concluded on April 14, 1890, creating the International Union of American Republics, the forerunner to the Organization of American States (OAS). The holiday was originally proposed by the organization in 1930, and was first observed on April 14, 1930.
Parades are held, some schools put on plays, the orchestra plays music, people set up exhibits, and pageants are sometimes held.

## Belize

In Belize, Pan American Day' refers to October 12, which is celebrated as Columbus Day in the United States. It should not be confused with "Pan American Day," which celebrates the founding of the Organization of American States (OAS) on April 14.
Originally known as Columbus Day, Pan-American Day in Belize is a celebration of the migrations of the Mestizos and indigenous cultural groups from the Yucatán into Belize, creating the country we know today Belize chooses not to celebrate the achievements of Columbus, but rather the forging of its rich cultural diversity. The Mestizos and Yucatec Maya came to Belize looking for a calm and peaceful land, free from conflict where they could settle.

## Honduras

Though the Organization of American States (OAS) includes 35 countries, Honduras is the only country who observes a public holiday to mark the events of 1890. It is celebrated on April 14.

## United States

In the United States, Pan American Day is observed by Presidential proclamation on April 14. In addition, the entire week on which the holiday falls is observed as Pan American Week. On April 7, 2017, President Donald Trump proclaimed Pan American Day and Pan American Week on April 7, 2017.
# Pak Nga (constituency)

Pak Nga (Chinese: 栢雅) is one of the 37 constituencies in the Kwun Tong District of Hong Kong which was created in 2007.
The constituency loosely covers part of Hong Pak Court and Hong Shui Court in Lam Tin with the estimated population of 13,020.

## Councillors represented

| Election | Member | Party |
| 2007 | Francis Tang Chi-ho | Independent democrat |
| 2011 | Ho Kai-ming | FTU |
| 2019 | Chan Man-kin | Democratic |

## Election results
### 2010s

Kwun Tong District Council Election, 2019: Pak Nga :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Chan Man-kin | 3,825 | 54.42 | |
| | FTU | Jonathan Ho Kai-ming | 3,066 | 43.62 | −17.88 |
| | Nonpartisan | Chan Yu-ming | 138 | 1.96 | −33.34 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 759 | 10.80 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,050 | 74.82 | |
| | Democratic gain from FTU | Democratic gain from FTU | Swing | | |
Kwun Tong District Council Election, 2015: Pak Nga :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | FTU | Ho Kai-ming | 2,666 | 61.5 | +6.0 |
| | Civic | Chan Yu-ming | 1,528 | 35.3 | |
| | Independent | Yu Sui-sang | 138 | 3.2 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,138 | 26.2 | |
| | FTU hold | FTU hold | Swing | | |
Kwun Tong District Council Election, 2011: Pak Nga :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | FTU | Ho Kai-ming | 2,019 | 55.5 | |
| | Independent | Francis Tang Chi-ho | 1,617 | 44.5 | −7.9 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 402 | 11.0 | |
| | FTU gain from Independent | FTU gain from Independent | Swing | | |

### 2000s

Kwun Tong District Council Election, 2007: Pak Nga :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent | Francis Tang Chi-ho | 1,281 | 52.4 | |
| | Independent | Ho Kam-wing | 1,164 | 47.6 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 117 | 4.8 | |
| | Independent win (new seat) | Independent win (new seat) | Independent win (new seat) | Independent win (new seat) | Independent win (new seat) |
# Pan and Echo

Pan and Echo (in Swedish Pan och Echo; in Finnish: Pan ja Kaiku; subtitled "Dance intermezzo No. 3"), Op. 53, is tableau music for orchestra written in early 1906 by the Finnish composer by Jean Sibelius. The piece premiered in Helsinki on 24 March 1906, with Sibelius conducting the Helsinki Philharmonic Society; the venue was the original location of the Hotelli Seurahuone [fi] (Helsinki City Hall since 1913).
Though brief, Pan and Echo is, according to Sibelius's biographer Andrew Barnett, "poetic, full of feeling, and scored with great sensitivity".

## Instrumentation

Pan and Echo is scored for the following instruments, organized by family (woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings):
* 2 flutes (one doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B♭), and 2 bassoons
* 4 horns (in F), 2 trumpets (in F), and 3 trombones
* Timpani, bass drum, cymbals, and triangle
* Violins (I and II), violas, cellos, and double basses

## Discography

The Finnish conductor Martti Similä [fi] and the Finlandia Orchestra made the world premiere studio recording of Pan and Echo c. 1956 for Fennica. The table below lists this and other commercially available recordings:
| No. | Conductor | Ensemble | Rec. | Time | Recording venue | Label |
| 1 | Martti Similä [fi] | Finlandia Orchestra | c. 1956 | ? | ? | Fennica |
| 2 | Sir Charles Groves | Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra | 1975 | 4:27 | Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool | EMI Classics |
| 3 | Neemi Järvi | Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra | 1986 | 4:33 | Gothenburg Concert Hall | BIS |
| 4 | Stanislav Gorkovenko | Saint Petersburg Radio and TV Orchestra [ru] | ? | 4:21 | ? | Elap |
| 5 | Shuntaro Sato | Kuopio Symphony Orchestra [fi] | 2002 | 4:29 | Kuopio Music Centre [fi] | Finlandia |
| 6 | Osmo Vänskä | Lahti Symphony Orchestra | 2004 | 4:07 | Sibelius Hall | BIS |
| 7 | Pietari Inkinen | New Zealand Symphony Orchestra | 2007 | 4:51 | Michael Fowler Centre | Naxos |

## Notes, references, and sources
### Notes

* ↑ Pan and Echo was published as Sibelius's Op. 53a. However, no work in his oeuvre retains the 'Op. 53b' designation.
* ↑ Refers to the year in which the performers recorded the work; this may not be the same as the year in which the recording was first released to the general public.
* ↑ [ M. Similä–Fennica (SS 1) 1968]
* ↑ C. Groves–EMI Classics (85532) 2004
* ↑ N. Järvi–BIS (CD–359) 1987
* ↑ S. Gorkovenko–Elap (44183CD) 1998
* ↑ S. Sato–Finlandia (0927–49598–2) 2003
* ↑ O. Vänskä–BIS (CD–1565) 2006
* ↑ P. Inkinen–Naxos (8.570763) 2008

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dahlström 2003, p. 245.
* 1 2 Barnett 2007, p. 175.

### Sources

* Barnett, Andrew (2007). Sibelius. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11159-0.
* Dahlström, Fabian [in Swedish] (2003). Jean Sibelius: Thematisch-bibliographisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke [Jean Sibelius: A Thematic Bibliographic Index of His Works] (in German). Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel. ISBN 3-7651-0333-0.

## Also see

* Pan (god)
* Echo (mythology)
# Snowbank fungus

A snowbank fungus is any one of a number of diverse species of fungi that occur adjacent to or within melting snow. They are most commonly found in the mountains of western North America where a deep snowpack accumulates during the winter and slowly melts through the spring and summer, often shaded by coniferous forest. They may be saprotrophic, mycorrhizal, or in the case of Caloscypha fulgens, pathogenic.

## History

William Bridge Cooke was the first to discuss the snowbank fungi as a distinct ecological group in 1944 when he discussed the fungal flora of Mount Shasta in California. He followed this with another publication 11 years later. In his 1975 book A Field Guide to Western Mushrooms, Alexander H. Smith discussed what he called the "snowbank flora", noting "It seems obvious to me that the species in this group are well established throughout the forest zone, and have adjusted to this fruiting pattern, possibly as a response to the habitat drying out and warming up as summer progresses."

## Species

Snowbank fungi include members of the Basidiomycota and the Ascomycota. Mycorrhizal basidiomycetes include Cortinarius ahsii, C. auchmerus, C. clandestinus, C. croceus, and some others that are provisionally named, as well as the gasteroid species Pholiota nubigena. White-spored species include the saprobes Clitocybe albirhiza, C. glacialis, Lentinellus montanus (formerly Lyophyllum), Mycena overholtsii, and the conifer cone decomposers Strobilurus albipilatus and S. occidentalis. Also white spored, H. goetzii, H. marzuolus, and H. subalpinus are believed to be (or suspected to be) mycorrhizal with conifers. The ecological preferences of Melanoleuca angelesiana and Pseudoomphalina angelesiana are unknown. Non-gilled basidiomycetes include Pycnoporellus alboluteus and Tyromyces leucospongia.
Ascomycete snowbank fungi include the decomposers Discina perlata, Gyromitra montana, Sarcosoma latahense, and Plectania nannfeldtii. Urnula mexicana is suspected to be mycorrhizal with spruce, while Caloscypha fulgens is a seed pathogen of Picea.

## Habitat and distribution

In North America, snowbank fungi range from northern New Mexico north to southern Canada, at elevations from 1,500 to 3,800 metres (4,900 to 12,500 ft). They are common in the Rocky Mountains, the Cascade Range, and other high-elevation areas with short, cold summers. Fruit bodies of snowbank fungi tend to be more prevalent on north-facing slopes and shaded areas. Trees typically found near snowbank fungi include Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ), and whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), all of which can provide sufficient shade to prevent fast snowmelt. Several species are endemic to western North America, and the phenomenon appears to be restricted to this part of the world. They are not associated with other cold environments, such as arctic or alpine habitats, or with glaciers.
# Pan Qiao

Pan Qiao (潘峭) was an official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Former Shu, serving as a director of palace communications (Shumishi) under its founding emperor Wang Jian (Former Shu) (Emperor Gaozu).

## Background

It is not known when or where Pan Qiao was born. It was said that his ancestors were originally from the Hexi region.

## During Former Shu

It is also not known when Pan Qiao initially came to serve under Wang Jian (while Wang Jian was still a Tang dynasty warlord), but it is known that after Wang Jian declared himself emperor of a new state of Former Shu, he initially made Pan a director of palace affairs (宣徽使, Xuanhuishi). In 911, Wang Jian made Pan's older brother Pan Kang, who was then the director of palace communications, the military governor of Wutai Circuit (武泰, headquartered in modern Chongqing), while making Pan Qiao the new director of palace communications.
By 913, an intense rivalry between Wang Jian's son and crown prince Wang Yuanying and Wang Jian's close associate Tang Daoxi flared up on the eve of the Qixi Festival, when Wang Yuanying held a feast for the high-level officials. However, Wang Jian's adoptive son Wang Zonghan (王宗翰) the Prince of Ji, as well as Pan Qiao and the chief imperial scholar Mao Wenxi did not attend. Wang Yuanying became angry, believing that Pan Qiao and Mao must have alienated Wang Zonghan from him. The next day, he accused to Wang Jian that Pan Qiao and Mao were alienating him and his brothers, and Wang Jian initially believed so, ordering Pan Qiao and Mao demoted while making Pan Kang the director of palace communications again. However, Tang later accused Wang Yuanying of plotting treason. Tang's accusations eventually led to a battle between imperial guards under him and the guards under Wang Yuanying's command. During the battle, Wang Yuanying arrested Pan Qiao and Mao and nearly battered them to death, while Tang was killed in battle. However, after Wang Jian (at Pan Kang's urging) personally met the senior generals to encourage them, Wang Yuanying's army collapsed, and Wang Yuanying was killed by a soldier. After Wang Yuanying's death, Pan Qiao was again made director of palace communications.
In 914, Pan Qiao was made the military governor of Wutai Circuit and given the honorary chancellor designation of Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事). That was the last historical reference to him, and it was said that he died after a long while due to illness, implying that he died while still serving as the military governor of Wutai.