OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# VTun

VTun is a networking application which can set up Virtual Tunnels over TCP/IP networks. It supports Internet Protocol (IP), Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) protocols. It exists as the reference implementation of the Tun/Tap user-space tunnel driver which was included in the Linux kernel as of version 2.4, also originally developed by Maxim Krasnyansky. Bishop Clark is the current maintainer.

## Networking

Like most other applications of its nature, VTun creates a single connection between two machines, over which it multiplexes all traffic. VTun connections are initiated via a TCP connection from the client to the server. The server then initiates a UDP connection to the client, if the UDP protocol is requested.
The software allows the creation of tunnels, for routing traffic in a manner similar to PPP, as well as a bridge-friendly ethertap connection.

## Authentication

VTun uses a Private Shared Key to negotiate a handshake via a challenge and response.

## Non-encrypting versions

A continual source of concern, and the target of more than one strongly worded security assessment, is that the VTun server and client binary applications can be completely built without encryption support. When such binaries are used, the encryption between both endpoints is only a simple XOR cipher, which is completely trivial to decode. This type of build is not supported by the developers.
# VT180

The VT180 is a personal computer produced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) of Maynard, Massachusetts, USA.
Introduced in early 1982, the CP/M-based VT180 was DEC's entry-level microcomputer. "VT180" is the unofficial name for the combination of the VT100 computer terminal and VT18X option. The VT18X includes a 2 MHz Zilog Z80 microprocessor and 64K RAM on two circuit boards that fit inside the terminal, and two external 5.25-inch floppy disk drives with room for two more in an external enclosure. The VT180 was codenamed "Robin".
Digital later released a full-fledged personal computer known as the Rainbow 100 as the successor to Robin.
When Digital ended the VT100 terminal family in 1983, it also discontinued the VT180. No direct replacement was offered, although the Rainbow 100 eventually provided a superset of Robin's functionality.
# VCT

VCT may refer to:
* Valorant Champions Tour, an esports tournament series for the video game Valorant
* Variable camshaft timing, an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Ford
* Venture capital trust
* Victoria Regional Airport (FAA LID: VCT), in Texas
* Vintage Card Traders, an online sports card trading group
* Vintage Carriages Trust, a site carrying a database of Railway Preservation information
* Vinyl composition tile, a finished flooring material
* Virginia Capital Trail
* Vogel conflict test
* Volts Center Tapped
* Voluntary counseling and testing, for HIV/AIDS
* Volvo Cars Torslanda, near Göteborg, Sweden
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (ISO 3166-1:VCT)
# VCS Verkehrs-Club der Schweiz

The VCS Verkehrs-Club der Schweiz (French: ATE Association transports et environnement; Italian: ATA Associazione traffico e ambiente; English: Swiss Association for Transport and Environment) is an association that provides a human and environmentally compatible mobility in Switzerland.

## Goals

VCS was established in 1979 to commit a sustainable transport policy in Switzerland. It supports an optimally transposed interaction of the various Swiss transport carriers, among them public railway, tram and bus transport, pedestrian and bicycle transport, individual transport by car, and goods transport by rail and trucks. Its about 100,000 VCS members form the largest transport association dedicated to sustainable mobility, by car, tram or bicycle, whether on foot or by train and bus.
Among its campaigns, VCS filed a complaint against the shopping mall Seedamm-Center which planned to expand its facilities.
The VCS' goals include, among others, the economical use of energy, to promote environmental-neutral car, to contain immoderate road construction in Switzerland, consultations, promotion of public transport, political initiatives to support public transport, shift of freight to rail, improving road safety. Based in Bern, VCS provides for its members an eco-motor insurance, roadside assistance, emergency hotline, and so on.
# Valdelavilla

Valdelavilla is an uninhabited village in the Spanish province of Soria, in the autonomous community of Castile-León. A former municipality, it is located in the region of Tierras Altas and in the judicial district of Soria. It belongs to the municipality of San Pedro Manrique.
Valdelavilla gained popularity around 2020, after the release of Spanish series: El Pueblo. The town of Valdelavilla simulates Peñafría, the fictional town where most of the action in the series takes place.
42°37′00″N 2°20′00″W﻿ / ﻿42.6167°N 2.33333°W﻿ / 42.6167; -2.33333
* This Spain-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Valdelosa

Valdelosa is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2016 the municipality has a population of 443 inhabitants.
# VDC

VDC may refer to:

## Military

* Volunteer Defence Corps (Australia)
* Volunteer Defense Corps (Thailand)

## Technology

* Vehicle Dynamics Control, a means of increasing vehicle stability through a combination of throttle restriction and braking
* Voltage direct current, a contraction often found in electronics when specifying voltage in a mixed AC/DC environment
* Video display controller, a computer graphics chip
* Virtual design and construction, modeling software and techniques to design and evaluate possible construction processes
* Virtual DataCine, a digital image processing technique for converting motion picture film to video

## Other uses

* Valletta Design Cluster, a culture and creativity centre in Malta
* Valve Developer Community, the official wiki for developers of games and mods based on the computer game Half-Life 2
* Velocity : Design : Comfort, the 2nd studio album by Sweet Trip
* Vietnam Day Committee, an anti-war group formed at Berkeley, California in 1965 by activist Jerry Rubin
* Violations Documentation Center in Syria, a Syrian organisation documenting deaths, detentions, missing persons and kidnappings due to the Syrian civil war
* Vitória da Conquista Airport (IATA airport code VDC), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
* Virtual Digital Cable, a defunct media and technology company that delivered television to desktop computers and mobile devices
* Virtual Dining Concepts, American company specializing in virtual restaurants
# Piedimonte Matese

Piedimonte Matese (pronounced) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region of Campania, located about 82 km north of Naples and about 40 km north of Caserta.

## Geography

Piedimonte Matese borders the following municipalities: Alife, Campochiaro, Castello del Matese, Cusano Mutri, Guardiaregia, San Gregorio Matese, San Potito Sannitico and Sant'Angelo d'Alife. Up until 1945, Piedimonte Matese was located within the Province of Benevento. Before 1970 Piedimonte was known as Piedimonte d'Alife.

## History

The Matese Legion was a group of 240 Italian volunteers that joined Giuseppe Garibaldi in the war for Italian unification in 1861. It was formed in the Piedimonte D'Alife district, now called Piedimonte Matese, in June 1860, and was officially established on 25 August in the same year.

## Main sights

The church of San Biagio (15th century) houses late-Gothic frescoes with scenes from the Old and New Testament and histories of St. Blaise. The church of St. Thomas (or St. Dominic) was built in 1414. The Baroque church of San Salvatore was designed by Cosimo Fanzago. The Ducal Palace of Gaetani d'Aragona has kept some late Renaissance details. Its patron saint is San Marcellino. The church of Ave Gratia Plena, also known as the Church of the Annunciation (Chiesa dell’Annunziata), retains much of its baroque decoration.
The Civic Museum Raffaele Marrocco is an archaeology and arts museum in Piedimonte Matese.

## Sports
### Association football

Based in the Sepicciano area of Piedimonte Matese is the 4,000-seater Stadio Pasqualino Ferrante, a municipal stadium and home of Serie D (Girone F) club A.S.D. Football Club Matese. It was formerly the home of Eccellenza (Molise) club A.S.D. Tre Pini Matese and Promozione (Molise) side F.W.P. Matese.

## International relations

Piedimonte Matese is twinned with:
* Cervinara, Italy, since 2013
* Seligenstadt, Germany, since 2010
# Piedimulera

Piedimulera is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Verbania. Piedimulera is described as a village located on the left bank of the river Anza, at the foot of the mountain, called Mulera.
Piedimulera borders the following municipalities: Calasca-Castiglione, Pallanzeno, Pieve Vergonte, Vogogna, Seppiana.
# Pignora imperii

The pignora imperii ("pledges of rule") were objects that were supposed to guarantee the continued imperium of Ancient Rome. One late source lists seven. The sacred tokens most commonly regarded as such were:
The Palladium, the wooden image of Minerva (Greek Athena) that the Romans claimed had been rescued from the fall of Troy and was in the keeping of the Vestals;
The sacred fire of Vesta tended by the Vestals, which was never allowed to go out; and the ancilia, the twelve shields of Mars wielded by his priests, the Salii, in their processions, dating to the time of Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome.
In the later Roman Empire, the maintenance of the Altar of Victory in the Curia took on a similar symbolic value for those such as Symmachus who were trying to preserve Rome's religious traditions in the face of Christian hegemony. The extinguishing of the fire of Vesta by the Christian emperor Theodosius I is one of the events that mark the abolition of Rome's ancestral religion and the imposition of Christianity as a state religion that excluded all others.
In late antiquity, some narratives of the founding of Constantinople claim that Constantine I, the first emperor to convert to Christianity, transferred the pignora imperii to the new capital. Though the historicity of this transferral may be in doubt, the claim indicates the symbolic value of the tokens.

## Servius's list

The 4th-century scholar Servius notes in his commentary to Vergil's Aeneid that "there were seven tokens (pignora) which maintain Roman rule (imperium Romanum)," and gives the following list:
* the needle of the Mother of the Gods (Acus Matris Deum), kept in the Temple of Cybele on the Palatine Hill.;
* the terracotta four-horse chariot brought from Veii (Quadriga Fictilis Veientanorum), supposed to have been commissioned by the last king of Rome Tarqinius Superbus, which was displayed on the roof of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitolium;
* the ashes of Orestes (Cineres Orestis), kept at the same temple;
* the scepter of Priam (Sceptrum Priami), brought to Rome by Aeneas;
* the veil of Ilione (Velum Ilionae), daughter of Priam, another Trojan token attributed to Aeneas;
* the Palladium, kept in the Temple of Vesta;
* the Ancile, the sacred shield of Mars Gradivus given to Numa Pompilius, kept in the Regia hidden among eleven other identical copies to confuse would-be thieves. All twelve shields were ritually paraded each year through Rome by the Salii during the Agonum Martialis.
Classicist Alan Cameron notes that three of these supposed tokens were fictional (the ashes, scepter, and veil) and are not named in any other sources as sacred guarantors of Rome. The other four objects were widely attested in Latin literature, but have left no archaeological trace. In the 1730 excavations of the Palatine Hill by Francesco Bianchini, he noted a stone matching the description of Cybele's needle. However its ultimate fate is unknown, with its destruction likely.
# Piccadilly station

Piccadilly station may refer to:
* Manchester Piccadilly station
* Piccadilly Circus tube station
# Vaesite

Vaesite (NiS$_2$) is a mineral found together with cattierite in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is named after Johannes F. Vaes, a Belgian mineralogist. It is part of the pyrite group.
# Vaccine resistance

Vaccine resistance is the evolutionary adaptation of pathogens to infect and spread through vaccinated individuals, analogous to antimicrobial resistance. It concerns both human and animal vaccines. Although the emergence of a number of vaccine resistant pathogens has been well documented, this phenomenon is nevertheless much more rare and less of a concern than antimicrobial resistance.
Vaccine resistance may be considered a special case of immune evasion, from the immunity conferred by the vaccine. Since the immunity conferred by a vaccine may be different from that induced by infection by the pathogen, the immune evasion may also be easier (in case of an inefficient vaccine) or more difficult (would be the case of the universal flu vaccine). We speak of vaccine resistance only if the immune evasion is a result of evolutionary adaptation of the pathogen (and not a feature of the pathogen that it had before any evolutionary adaptation to the vaccine) and the adaptation is driven by the selective pressure induced by the vaccine (this would not be the case of an immune evasion that is the result of genetic drift that would be present even without vaccinating the population).
Some of the causes advanced for less frequent emergence of resistance are that
* vaccines are mostly used for prophylaxis, that is before infection occurs, and usually act to suppress the pathogen before the host becomes infectious
* most vaccines target multiple antigenic sites of the pathogen
* different hosts may produce different immune responses to the same pathogen
For diseases that confer long lasting immunity after exposure, typically childhood diseases, it was argued that a vaccine may provide the same immune response as natural infection, so it is expected that there should be no vaccine resistance.
If vaccine resistance emerges the vaccine may retain some level of protection against serious infection, possibly by modifying the immune response of the host away from immunopathology.
The best known cases of vaccine resistance are for the following diseases
* animal diseases
** Marek's disease where actually more virulent strains emerged after vaccination because the vaccine did not protect against infection and transmission, only against serious forms of the disease
** Yersinia ruckeri because a single mutation was sufficient to generate vaccine resistance
** avian metapneumovirus
* human diseases
** Streptococcus pneumoniae because recombination with another serotype not targeted by the vaccine
** hepatitis B virus because the vaccine targeted a single site formed by 9 amino acids
** Bordetella pertussis because not all serotypes were targeted and later because acellular vaccines targeted only a few antigens
Other less documented cases are for avian influenza, avian reovirus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, feline calicivirus, H. influenzae, infectious bursal disease virus, Neisseria meningitidis, Newcastle disease virus, and porcine circovirus type 2.
# Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions

The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) trial was a large randomized controlled trial which assessed the influence of menopausal hormone therapy on cardiovascular and other outcomes.
# Villamayor de Calatrava

Villamayor de Calatrava is a municipality in Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 638.
# St Andrew's Church, Willingale

St Andrew's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Willingale, Essex, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. The church stands less than 50 yards (46 m) from the adjacent church of St Christopher, and shares its churchyard.

## History

The nave dates from the 12th century, and the chancel from the 15th century. During the 19th century the church was restored, and a porch and a vestry were added.

## Architecture
### Exterior

The church is constructed in flint rubble, and contains some freestone and puddingstone. The dressings are in clunch and re-used Roman bricks. The roofs are tiled. The plan consists of a nave and chancel, with a south porch and a north vestry. At the west end is a wooden belfry and spire, both of which are weatherboarded. The east window dates from the 19th century and has three lights containing Decorated-style tracery. In the north wall of the chancel are two two-light windows from the 15th century, and between them is a blocked doorway. There are similar windows in the south wall, and a 15th-century doorway. In the north wall of the nave are two 12th-century windows with semicircular heads, and a doorway from the same period. The doorway contains a door with 12th-century scrolled ironwork. In the south wall are three windows in different styles; a 13th-century lancet window, a 14th-century two-light window, and a small window dating from the 12th century. The south porch is weatherboarded and it leads to a 12th-century doorway with a semicircular head and jambs in stone and Roman brick. The west window has a semicircular brick head, which probably dates from the 17th century.

### Interior

The octagonal font dates from the late 14th century. It is decorated with quatrefoils in circles, and with panels containing carved roses and heads. In the chancel are 15th-century piscinae and an oolite altar slab with carved crosses. Also in the church are memorials dated 1614 in memory of the children of the rector. The organ was made in 1905 by Thomas S. Jones and Son, but had been removed by 1997. There are two bells in the tower, one of which has a 15th-century inscription.
# Sumanirole

Sumanirole (PNU-95,666) is a highly selective D$_2$ receptor full agonist, the first of its kind to be discovered. It was developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless leg syndrome. While it has never been approved for medical use it is a highly valuable tool compound for basic research to identify neurobiological mechanisms that are based on a dopamine D$_2$-linked (vs. D$_1$-, D$_3$-, D$_4$-, and D$_5$-linked) mechanism of action.
In 2004, Pfizer announced the end of their clinical development program for sumanirole, citing “recent studies that failed to sufficiently distinguish sumanirole from currently available therapies”.
# Thomas Bellenden, Lord Newtyle

Thomas Bellenden of Kilconquhar, Lord Newtyle (drowned November 1591) was a Senator of the College of Justice at Edinburgh.
The half-brother of Sir Lewis Bellenden of Auchnole & Broughton, Lord Justice Clerk, Thomas had from his father the barony of Carlowrie and Kilconquhar in Fife, as well as lands in the vicinity of Brechin.
He was admitted an Ordinary Lord of Session on 14 August 1591 in place of Thomas Bellenden of Newtyle, deceased, in the terms of the King's letter, dated at Falkland Palace the preceding day.
However, his place was taken by Andrew Wemyss, Lord Myrecairnie on 17 November, Thomas having drowned in the Loch of Kilconquhar.
# USS LST-952

USS LST-952/LST(H)-952 was an LST-542-class tank landing ship in the United States Navy. Like many of her class, she was not named and is properly referred to by her hull designation.

## Construction

LST-952 was laid down on 1 September 1944, at Hingham, Massachusetts, by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard; launched on 11 October 1944; and commissioned on 3 November 1944.

## Service history

During World War II, LST-952 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater and participated in the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto from April through June 1945.
On 15 September 1945, she was redesignated LST(H)-952 and performed occupation duty in the Far East and saw service in China until early May 1946. She returned to the United States and was decommissioned on 1 August 1946, and struck from the Navy list on 22 January 1947. On 10 October 1947, the ship was sold to Luria Bros. & Co., Inc., of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for scrapping.

## Awards

LST-952 earned one battle star for World War II service.
# Ukraine (sports society)

Ukraine (sports society) is a physical culture and sports association of Ukraine.

## History

At the end of the eighties (1987) the former sports associations of trade unions "Avanhard", "Burevestnik", "Vodnik", "Zenit", "Kolos", "Lokomotiv", and "Spartak" were united into the All-Union volunteer physical culture and sports association of trade unions (VDFSTP). After several years "Kolos" has separated from it and in 1991 VDFSTP was reorganized into the sports association of trade unions "Ukraine".

## Sports clubs

* SC Zirka 2002

## Olympic centers
### Trade Union Federation of Ukraine

* Olympic sports training center "Spartak", Alushta
* Olympic sports training base "Avanhard", Yalta
* Sports training base of Olympic preparation "Sviatoshyn", Kyiv
* Rowing youth sports school "Slavutych", Kyiv
* Sports training base "Avanhard", Vorokhta
# Ukraine (song)

"Ukraine" is a 2022 song by Russian rock band Nogu Svelo!. The song was released on 12 June 2022 on Russia Day to voice the band's opposition of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Release

The song was released on 12 June 2022 on major streaming platforms, the same day as Russia Day. On the day of the song's release, Nogu Svelo! frontman Maxim Pokrovskiy released a statement on his Instagram page, saying "For the previous 34 years of our existence, we have walked difficult paths so that now, at this point, at this particular moment in time, this particular song will be born. What will happen to us with all of us, only God knows. We only know that everything will be fine with Ukraine."

## Production

Production for the music video was directed by Alex Musin. The video was filmed in the United States, near the border of states New Jersey and Pennsylvania in a location that Musin thought looked familiar in terms of landscape to Ukraine. Many actors of the music video were unpaid volunteers from Ukraine who wanted to appear in the video.

## Composition

In the beginning of the song, Pokrovskiy talks to his son and daughter, saying to them that he promises that Ukraine will win the Russian invasion of Ukraine. He also hopes in the video that the Ukrainian cities of Kyiv, Mariupol, Odesa, Kharkiv, and Bucha will recover soon from Russian attacks.

## Music video

Along with the song's release on streaming platforms, a music video was made to accompany the release. In the video, Maxim Pokrovskiy is shown wearing a blouse and acting as a father. He is shown comforting his son and daughter during an air raid, promising that the raid will be over soon and that Ukraine will win the invasion.