OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nouragues Nature Reserve

Nouragues Nature Reserve is a French nature reserve in French Guiana created in 1995. It protects 1,000 square kilometres (390 sq mi) of tropical rainforest in the communes of Régina and Roura.

## Overview

Nouragues Nature Reserve is the second largest nature reserve of France. The name is of Amerindian origin. The reserve is mainly covered by rainforests and is hilly. The Nouragues Inselberg dominates the region with its height of 430 metres (1,410 ft).
The nature reserve is not accessible to the public except with authorisation.

## Nouragues Station

CNRS operates two permanent camps on the Nouragues Inselberg. The camp is home to about 40 expeditions a year and is on a good location to study the rainforest and its biodiversity. The camps can be accessed by helicopter or by boat from Saut Pararé.
# Samsung Strategy and Innovation Center

Samsung Strategy and Innovation Center (SSIC) is a division of Samsung Electronics. It works with entrepreneurs and corporate partners to invest in disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence, digital health, mobility, the Internet of Things, and other consumer-facing applications of data-driven technology.
SSIC was founded in 2012 and is headquartered in Menlo Park, California with additional locations in San Jose, California, Paris, France, Tel Aviv, Israel and Seoul, South Korea. SSIC is led by Young Sohn, Samsung Electronics' president and chief strategy officer.

## History

In February 2013, Samsung announced it was establishing the Samsung Strategy and Innovation Center to create a "global engine to accelerate innovation and to drive new business creation." As part of that effort, Samsung also launched the Samsung Catalyst Fund, a multi-stage venture capital fund that operates with SSIC to expand Samsung's mobile, device solutions and consumer electronics groups. Young Sohn, Samsung's president and chief strategy officer, was appointed to lead SSIC at the time of its founding.
In 2014, SSIC launched the Smart Health Initiative and announced a health technology platform, Simband. It is a wearable digital health device with a custom sensor module that developers use to design digital health algorithms, analyze real-time health data, and connect to a data exchange platform. In 2015, SSIC announced the Samsung ARTIK platform for IoT applications, and the Samsung ARTIK Challenge, which invited contestants to develop technology to reduce global water consumption. In 2016, SSIC partnered with Nestlé's Institute of Health Sciences on IoT and nutrition science to develop applications for personalized fitness and nutrition data.
In 2017, SSIC helped secure the $8 billion acquisition of Harman International Industries. Young Sohn was appointed Chairman of the Harman board of directors upon the acquisition's completion. That same year, SSIC established the $300 million Samsung Automotive Innovation Fund to invest in the automotive sector.
In 2018, SSIC introduced Samsung DRVLINE, an open, modular, and scalable autonomous vehicle platform. Samsung decided in 2018 to shut down the ARTIK business that had been started by SSIC in 2015.
# Samuelu

Samuelu may refer to:
* Samuelu Laloniu (born 1969), Tuvaluan diplomat
* Samuelu Malo, (born 1999), Samoan footballer
* Samuelu Teo, Tuvaluan politician
* Tufuga Samuelu Atoa (1927–1998), Samoan civil servant, educator, and sports administrator
* Fuimaono Teo Samuelu, Samoan politician
* Vesiai Poyer S. Samuelu, American Samoan politician
# Samuelsonite

Samuelsonite is a complex mineral that is found near North Groton, Grafton County, New Hampshire, US. Additionally, it is most commonly found as a secondary mineral in granite pegmatite. Samuelsonite is named after Peter B. Samuelson, a prospector from Rumney, New Hampshire.
The mineral has a pale yellow color and has a hardness of 5 on Mohs scale. The crystal is generally yellow, flat, and with straited crystals and blue trolleites. Samuelsonite is monoclinic. There are three vectors of unequal length in this crystal system. The three vectors form a rectangular prism with a parallelogram at the base. Therefore, two of the vectors are perpendicular, while the third makes an angle that is not equal to 90°. Samuelsonite has biaxial birefringence (trirefringence), meaning when light passes through the optic axis it is split into two rays due to the difference in refractive index of the ray with parallel polarized light compared to the ray with perpendicular polarized light.
# San Martín Lachilá

San Martín Lachilá is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 49.76 km$^2$. It is part of the Ejutla District in the south of the Valles Centrales Region.
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 979.
# San Francisco Gold Rush

San Francisco Gold Rush may refer to:
* San Francisco 49ers Gold Rush, a cheerleading squad
* California gold rush, 1848–1855
# San Francisco Glacier

The San Francisco Glacier is a glacier in Monumento Natural El Morado Natural Park a hundred kilometers away from Santiago, Chile. It is a tourist attraction.
# San Juan Cancuc

San Juan Cancuc is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas in southern Mexico.
As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 29,016, up from 20,688 as of 2005. 99.8% of the population speaks an indigenous language. It covers an area of 233.5 km$^2$ (90.2 sq mi).
As of 2010, the town of San Juan Cancuc had a population of 6,327. Other than the town of San Juan Cancuc, the municipality had 36 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Chiloljá (2,415), El Pozo (1,758), Nichteel San Antonio (1,726), and Chancolom (1,132), classified as rural.
Mayor José López López announced in February 2021 that only two members of the community had agreed to voluntary vaccination to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, so the town would not be participating. While Mexico has been one of the hardest-hit countries in the world (1,89 million confirmed cases, 161,000 deaths), Chiapas in general and Cancuc in particular has been largely spared with only three confirmed cases, all of whom have recovered.
# Stefano Bruzzi

Stefano Bruzzi (1 May 1835 – 1911) was an Italian painter, mainly of landscapes, with children and animals, in a style that recalls Filippo Palizzi.

## Life

Born in Emilia, he initially studied in Piacenza under professor Bernardino Massari. At the age of 19 years, he was sent by his father to study in Rome for four years, becoming a follower of professor Castelli. For the marchese Filippo Anguissola of Piacenza he painted: Returning from a hunt near Porto d'Anzio. He lived for some years in Piacenza, painting in the surrounding countryside; from there he moved to Bologna, and finally settled in Florence.
At the first national exposition of Parma he was awarded a silver medal. Among his other works are: Il Passo difficile; Il Viatico; La Carbonaia; Una predica sugli Appennini; La Fiera; L'Autunno; La Benedizione alle Bestie; and Il Precipizio e parecchie vedute dell' Appennino.
# Swimming at the 1983 Pan American Games – Women's 100 metre butterfly

The women's 100 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 1983 Pan American Games took place on 20 August. The last Pan American Games champion was Jill Sterkel of US.
This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in butterfly.

## Results

All times are in minutes and seconds.
| KEY: | q | Fastest non-qualifiers | Q | Qualified | GR | Games record | NR | National record | PB | Personal best | SB | Seasonal best |

### Final

The final was held on August 20.
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Laurie Lehner | United States | 1:01.14 |
| | Michelle MacPherson | Canada | 1:01.63 |
| | Patty King | United States | 1:01.96 |
| 4 | Marie Moore | Canada | 1:03.32 |
| 5 | Jodie Lawaetz | U.S. Virgin Islands | 1:05.05 |
| 6 | Shelley Cramer | U.S. Virgin Islands | 1:05.27 |
| 7 | Sandra Revette | Venezuela | 1:05.34 |
| 8 | Rosemary Ribeiro | Brazil | 1:06.20 |
# Shimamatsu Station

Shimamatsu Station (島松駅, Shimamatsu-eki) is a railway station of the Chitose Line located in Eniwa, Hokkaidō, Japan.
42°55′18″N 141°34′22″E﻿ / ﻿42.9216°N 141.5727°E﻿ / 42.9216; 141.5727
* This Hokkaido rail station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Trempolino

Trempolino (March 17, 1984 –March 19, 2018) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the prestigious Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in 1987.

## Background

He was bred by Marystead Farm, the American arm of French horseman Paul de Moussac, owner of the Haras du Mezeray stud farm at Ticheville in the Lower Normandy Region of France. Sired by Sharpen Up, he was out of the mare Trephine who was a daughter of Canadian Horse of the Year, Viceregal, a first-crop son of Northern Dancer. He was conditioned for racing by André Fabre.

## Racing career

Trempolino's best performance at age two was a fourth-place finish (promoted to third on disqualification of the winner) in the Critérium de Maisons-Laffitte. At three in 1987, he ran second in the Prix du Jockey Club and Prix Lupin, and was third in the Grand Prix de Paris and the Prix Guillaume d'Ornano. His important wins that year all came at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris where he won a Listed race, the Prix de Courcelles, plus the prep for the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, the G2 Prix Niel.
A few days before the Arc, Laura de Seroux, on behalf of Los Angeles businessman Bruce McNall, purchased a half interest in Trempolino. The eleven-horse field for that year's Arc was a strong one with top European runners such as Tony Bin, Triptych and Reference Point, the latter sent off as the betting favorite. Ridden by Pat Eddery, Trempolino capitalized on a fast pace and won in record time, beating the record set by Dancing Brave in 1986 by a full 1.3 seconds. Pat Eddery was aboard Trempolino again six weeks later in the Breeders' Cup Turf at Hollywood Park Racetrack in California in which he finished second to Theatrical.

## Stud record

Retired to stud, Trempolino stood at Gainesway Farm in Lexington, Kentucky where he remained until 2000 when he was sent to Paul de Moussac's Haras du Mezeray in France. He was pensioned from stud duties in 2012 and died in March 2018 at the age of 34. He sired a number of successful runners as well as important broodmares.
Sire of:
* Dernier Empereur (b. 1990) – won races in France, England, and the United States including the G1 Champion Stakes, G2 Del Mar Handicap
* Snow Polina (b. 1995) – won G1 Beverly D. Stakes
* Valixir (b. 2001) – won G1: Prix d'Ispahan (2005), G1 Queen Anne Stakes (2005), G2: Prix Eugène Adam (2004), Prix Niel (2004)
Damsire of:
* Blue Canari (b. 2001) – won Prix du Jockey Club (2004)
* Round Pond (b. 2002) – won Breeders' Cup Distaff (2006)
* Action This Day (b. 2001) – won Breeders' Cup Juvenile (2003), American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt (2003)
# Secondary palate

The secondary palate is an anatomical structure that divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in many vertebrates.
In human embryology, it refers to that portion of the hard palate that is formed by the growth of the two palatine shelves medially and their mutual fusion in the midline. It forms the majority of the adult palate and meets the primary palate at the incisive foramen.

## Clinical significance

Secondary palate development begins in the sixth week of pregnancy and can lead to cleft palate when development goes awry.
There are three major mechanisms known to cause this failure:
* Growth retardation — Palatal shelves do not grow enough to meet each other.
* Mechanical obstruction — Improper mouth size, or abnormal anatomical structures in the embryonic mouth prevent fully grown shelves from meeting each other.
* Midline epithelial dysfunction (MED) - The surface mucosa of embryonic shelves is impaired, which causes a failure of palatal fusion.

## Evolution

The secondary palate is thought to have a significant role in the development of some warm-blooded animals. The separation of the mouth from the nasal cavity also allowed chewing and breathing to occur at the same time. Early creatures with secondary palates include crocodilians (who are cold-blooded), and cynodonts and a few others among the therapsids, known from the fossil record in the mid-Permian. Mammals inherited our hard palates from the cynodonts.
# Poecilus koyi

Poecilus koyi is a species of ground beetle native to the Palearctic (including Europe).

## Subspecies

These 12 subspecies belong to the species Poecilus koyi:
* Poecilus koyi brutius (Straneo, 1935) (Italy)
* Poecilus koyi catalonicus Jeanne, 1981 (France and Spain)
* Poecilus koyi desbrochersi Jeannel, 1942 (France)
* Poecilus koyi dinaricus Apfelbeck, 1904 (Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina)
* Poecilus koyi goricianus (G.Müller, 1921) (Italy, Slovenia, and Croatia)
* Poecilus koyi koyi Germar, 1823 (Palearctic)
* Poecilus koyi lossinianus Fairmaire, 1860 (Croatia)
* Poecilus koyi monspessulani (Schatzmayr, 1942) (France)
* Poecilus koyi mosorensis (Jedlicka, 1924) (Croatia)
* Poecilus koyi transpyrenaeus (Breit, 1933) (France and Spain)
* Poecilus koyi viaticus (Dejean, 1828) (Hungary and Italy)
* Poecilus koyi vranensis (Schatzmayr, 1930) (Bosnia-Herzegovina)
# San Juan Cathedral

Cathedral of San Juan or San Juan Cathedral, and variants thereof, may refer to:

## North and Central America

* Catedral Metropolitana Basílica de San Juan Bautista (San Juan, Puerto Rico)
* Episcopal Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (San Juan, Puerto Rico)
* San Juan de los Lagos Cathedral Basilica, Mexico
* San Juan Bautista Metropolitan Cathedral (Tulancingo), Mexico
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral (Ciudad Altamirano), Mexico
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral (Jinotega), Nicaragua
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral (Penonomé), Panama
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral (Trujillo), Honduras

## South America

* Anglican Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Buenos Aires, Argentina
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral Basilica (Lima), Peru
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral Basilica (Salto), Uruguay
* San Juan Bautista Metropolitan Cathedral (San Juan de Cuyo), Argentina
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral (Calama), Chile
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral (Carora), Venezuela
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral (Chachapoyas), Peru
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral (Engativá), Colombia
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral (Iquitos), Peru
* San Juan Bosco Cathedral (Comodoro Rivadavia), Argentina
* San Juan Pablo II Cathedral (Ciudad Guayana), Venezuela

## Asia

* San Juan Evangelista Metropolitan Cathedral (Dagupan), Philippines
* San Juan Evangelista Metropolitan Cathedral (Naga), Philippines
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral (Kalibo), Philippines
* Old San Juan Evangelista Cathedral (Dagupan), Philippines

## Europe

* San Juan Bautista Metropolitan Cathedral (Badajoz), Spain
* San Juan Bautista Cathedral (Albacete), Spain
# Statue of James Cook, St Kilda

A statue of James Cook, is located in the Royal Yacht Squadron Catani Gardens, St Kilda, Victoria, Australia. It was erected in 1914. It was removed from its plinth in an act of vandalism in 2024, on the eve of Australia Day.
It was erected in 1914 by the St. Kilda Council to honour Cook who in 1770, led a voyage with the first Europeans to the east coast of Australia.
Since 2018, the statue has been physically targeted on dates near Australia Day in late January. In 2018, the statue was graffitied with the words "no pride". An Aboriginal Australian flag was placed next to the statue. In 2022, the statue was covered with red paint.

## Description

The statue is a replica of the statue of Cook on the West Cliff area of Whitby, in the English county of North Yorkshire. Cook was a native of Whitby. The statue was sculpted by John Tweed. It is a life-sized sculpture of Cook. It is listed on the National Trust Database of Victoria.
The entry on the database of the describes the monument as "a good example of early twentieth century British Edwardian academic memorial sculpture" although less important than the equestrian statue of Edward VII by Edgar Bertram Mackennal at Queen Victoria Gardens.

## 2024 vandalism

In January 2024, on the eve of Australia Day, the statue was cut down at its ankles from its plinth in an act of vandalism. The words "The colony will fall" were written on the plinth of the statue. The statue of Queen Victoria in Queen Victoria Gardens was also covered with red paint. The Premier of Victoria, Jacinta Allan said that there was "no place in our community" for the vandalism of both monuments. The mayor of Port Phillip, Heather Cunsolo, said that she could not condone "the vandalism of a public asset where costs will be ultimately borne by ratepayers" but did understand the "diverse views surrounding Australia Day" the day which commemorates the establishment of the colony of New South Wales, not the voyages undertaken by Cook.
# Marai (name)

Marai, Márai may refer to the following people:

## Surname

* Carmen Marai, Chilean poet and novelist
* Montaser Marai, Palestinian-Jordanian journalist and documentary filmmaker
* Mpitsa Marai (born 1980), Mosotho footballer
* Sándor Márai (1900–1989), Hungarian writer and journalist
# Marai Parai

Marai Parai or Marei Parei is a plateau on the northwestern side of Mount Kinabalu, in Malaysia. The mountain can be climbed from this side, although few parties attempt this route. The first recorded ascent of Mount Kinabalu via Marai Parai was done in 1987.
Marai Parai is a Dusun name derived from the resemblance of sedge plants, which are very common on the plateau, to hill padi.
The site is also home to several famous pitcher plant species, including Nepenthes rajah, Nepenthes burbidgeae, Nepenthes lowii, Nepenthes edwardsiana, Nepenthes fusca, and Nepenthes tentaculata. The tree Elaeocarpus inopinatus is known only from the plateau.
# Maram language

Maram is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India. The speakers of this language use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue.

## Locations

Ethnologue reports that Maram is spoken in the following locations.
* Senapati district, northern Manipur: 5 villages near Senapati, and 26 villages near Maram
* Imphal district, Manipur
* Assam

## Dialects

Ethnologue lists the following dialects of Maram:
* Willong Circle
* Maram Khullen Circle
* T. Khullen
* Ngatan
# Shimama

Shimama may refer to
* Shimama Village (島間村), a former Japanese village merged in 1889 with Kukinaga Village to form Minamitane, Kagoshima
* Pokémon Number 522, known in Japanese as Shimama and in English as Blitzle
# Trevor Thomas

Trevor Thomas may refer to:
* Trevor Thomas (actor), British actor
* Trevor Thomas (athlete), in Athletics at the 1966 Central American and Caribbean Games
* Trevor Thomas (art historian), (1907–1993), British art historian and curator
* Trevor Thomas (hiker), American blind hiker
* Trevor Thomas (historian) (1934–2020), historian at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies
* Trevor Thomas (rugby) (1907–1969), rugby union, and rugby league footballer of the 1930s and 1940s
* Trevor Thomas (Colonel), Antiguan Chief of Defence
# Sand wave

A sand wave is a lower regime sedimentary structure that forms across from tidal currents.

## Formation

Sand waves are formed through the action of the wind or water (through waves or tidal currents) and are a product of unidirectional flow. Sand waves are the result of a mean flow velocity between 40 and 70 cm/s.
Sand waves also form underwater.
# Novgorodsky Uyezd

Novgorodsky Uyezd (Новгородский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Novgorod Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Veliky Novgorod.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Novgorodsky Uyezd had a population of 185,757. Of these, 92.6% spoke Russian, 2.4% Latvian, 1.4% German, 1.1% Yiddish, 1.1% Polish, 0.4% Estonian, 0.4% Lithuanian, 0.2% Belarusian, 0.2% Finnish, 0.1% Tatar, 0.1% Ukrainian and 0.1% Karelian as their native language.
# Statue of James Cook (Anchorage, Alaska)

The Captain Cook Monument is a life-size bronze statue of Captain James Cook installed in Anchorage, Alaska's Resolution Park.

## History

During the third voyage of James Cook to discover the Northwest Passage, much of what would later be named the Cook Inlet was explored in 1778 by HMS Resolution. In 1976, a statue of James Cook created by Derek Freeborn was installed in Resolution Park in Downtown Anchorage. The statue is a replica of one in the city's sister city, Whitby, England, and was donated by British Petroleum to commemorate the United States Bicentennial.
In 2008, the statue appeared on the finale of The Amazing Race 12.
In the aftermath of the murder of George Floyd, some residents sought the removal of the statue due to Cook's links to colonialism and exploitation of Indigenous people. On June 25, 2020, Anchorage Mayor Ethan Berkowitz stated that the native village of Eklutna would determine the monument's fate.
# Marc Eversley

Marc Eversley (born 1969) is the general manager of the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association.
Eversley's family moved from London to Toronto when he was four years old. After university, Eversley worked at Nike in their retail and marketing departments. Following the clothing company, Eversley worked for the Toronto Raptors under Bryan Colangelo. When Colangelo was let go, he moved to Washington. He rejoined Colangelo's staff in Philadelphia, and stayed with that team past Colangelo's firing.
He is the first Canadian-trained basketball player to become an NBA general manager, the first NBA general manager from the Greater Toronto Area, and the first person of color to serve as the general manager of the Chicago Bulls franchise.
# Shigeru Inoda

Minor planets discovered: 17 :
| 3394 Banno | February 16, 1986 | MPC |
| 3902 Yoritomo | January 14, 1986 | MPC |
| 3950 Yoshida | February 8, 1986 | MPC |
| 5242 Kenreimonin | January 18, 1991 | MPC |
| 5851 Inagawa | February 23, 1991 | MPC |
| 6197 Taracho | January 10, 1992 | MPC |
| 6211 Tsubame | February 19, 1991 | MPC |
| 6233 Kimura | February 8, 1986 | MPC |
| 6270 Kabukuri | January 18, 1991 | MPC |
| 6324 Kejonuma | February 23, 1991 | MPC |
| 6725 Engyoji | February 21, 1991 | MPC |
| 6786 Doudantsutsuji | February 21, 1991 | MPC |
| (7764) 1991 AB | January 7, 1991 | MPC |
| (7874) 1991 BE | January 18, 1991 | MPC |
| 9178 Momoyo | February 23, 1991 | MPC |
| (15738) 1991 DP | February 21, 1991 | MPC |
| (43795) 1991 AK$_1$ | January 15, 1991 | MPC |
Shigeru Inoda (伊野田 繁, Inoda Shigeru, 1955–2008) was a Japanese ophthalmologist, surgeon and amateur astronomer.
He is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 17 asteroids at the Karasuyama Observatory (889) between 1986 and 1992, all of which were co-discovered with Japanese astronomer Takeshi Urata, except for his lowest numbered discovery 3394 Banno. The inner main-belt asteroid 5484 Inoda was named in his honor on 1 September 1993 (M.P.C. 22510).
# Trebež (Barajevo)

Trebež is a suburban settlement of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in the municipality of Barajevo. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 8,325 people.