OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ponte de Mértola

The Ponte Velha de Mértola ("Old Bridge of Mértola"), also referred to as the Ponte Branca or Torre do Rio, is a structure located along the Guadiana River, in the civil parish of Mértola, municipality of Mértola, in the Portuguese district of Beja. Although named a bridge, the structure is the remains of a wharf and fortified port, linked to the defensive curtain of the walled city.

## History

It is difficult to attribute a valid chronology, because there are few comparable architectural structures; this structure was constructed between the 9th and late 12th centuries, during the Arab occupation of the Iberian peninsula. It is likely to have been destroyed at the end of the 12th century, when they abandoned the settlement.
The structure was successively confused with a bridge. It was referred to as a bridge in the 1254 foral (charter), in the design of the coat-of-arms of D. Duarte (dating to 1500), referring to as "the piers constructed by the Moors", in the Memórias Paroquiais.
In 1956, there was a decision by the Junta Autónoma de Estradas to recuperate the structure.

## Architecture

The remnants of the structure are situated on the right margin of the Guadiana River, alongside the walls of the old city of Mértola, near the Porta da Ribeira.
The vestiges of port and fortified wharf of which, only six piers in a curvilinear pattern, with half reinforced with talhmares, remain. There are no vestiges on the other margin of the river, and the depth of the river is such that it is difficult to mount other piers. In addition to protect the margin, the construction permits (in case of need) the passage to the other bank by barge, used in defense and access to water.
It is an aqueduct to support the village, comparable to ones found in Fez and Síria. It is a rare example of port and fortified wharf, constructed during the Muslim occupation, reusing the material remaining from the Roman residency.
# Port Watch

Port Watch is a Canadian television documentary miniseries concerning the marine industry which aired on CBC Television in 1955.

## Premise

This series was produced in Vancouver with host Thomas Gilchrist, a sea captain who wrote for various CBC productions including Tidewater Tramp.

## Scheduling

* 18 July 1955 - This episode featured George Unwin who supervised salvage activities on the MV Gulf Stream, a passenger vessel which capsized in British Columbia waters.
* 25 July 1955 - Marine firefighting procedures were described, including scenes of a fireboat in Vancouver.
* 1 August 1955 - This episode explored the challenges of loading and unloading freighters and highlighted how longshoremen were hired.
# Pope Francis: Life and Revolution

Pope Francis: Life and Revolution is a 2013 biography of Pope Francis, written by Elisabetta Piqué, Vatican correspondent for the La Nación Argentine newspaper.

## Content

According to the book, a voting of the 2013 Papal conclave had to be annulled, as a cardinal inadvertently included a blank paper alongside the vote. The final result included 116 votes from 115 cardinals, and the extra vote could not be identified. All the ballots were burnt, and a new voting session replaced the failed one.

## Release

The book was released on November 19, 2013, at the El Ateneo Grand Splendid bookstore. The presentation was attended by rabbi Abraham Skorka, academic Julio Bárbaro, Mariano Fazio from the Opus Dei, and priest Gustavo Carrara. The title uses the word "revolution" both to describe the unusual way in which Francis was appointed Pope, and the reactions to his papacy.

## Reception

Loyola Press considers that this biography stands out from other biographies of Francis because it is based on interviews with 75 people, including both religious people and people close to Bergoglio. They praise the research and investigation invested in the book, and that the author had the advantage of a close friendship with the subject since 2001.
The 2015 film Francis: Pray for me is based on this biography.
# Poovathani

Poovathani is a village in the Indian state of Kerala. It borders Malappuram and Palakkad Districts and has three Grama Panchayaths (village councils): Thachanattukara, Aliparamba, and Thazhekode.

## Etymology

The name is derived from the Poovathani family that used to own the land. It is derived from the two Malayalam words "poovam" (local name of a tree) and "athani" (meaning shelter).

## Economy
### Markets

A market runs every week from Sunday through Tuesday. Farmers sell fresh produce, and fishers sell the only non-vegetarian item most of the buyers can afford; fish. Village children eagerly await the chance to receive coins from visiting traders and the local upper class.
Poovathani's market closed when bus service became available. Village traders now take the bus each Monday to more central areas such as Alipparamba, Kampurum and Chethalloor. Residents of these areas had to depend on Poovathani for household items and other essential goods from an array of small and medium shops located on the main road at Poovathani.
The property where the market once existed was sold for partition among its heirs and concrete houses were built in its place.

## Transport

Karinkallathani came into prominence as its transport facility improved, while Poovathani was reduced to a place of unimportance.

## Places of worship

Poovathani Juma Masjid is a place of worship for Muslims. A nearby ancient temple is known as Panamkurussi Bagavathi Temple. In the annual week-long festival of this temple, popularly known as "Panamkurussi Kavu Pooram," people from all religious sects participate. Ancient Hindu art forms like Cherumakkali, Thullal, Chakyar, Koothu, etc., were played at the Poorapparambu. The Pooram festival is the only festival that gives exposure to such art forms and to the members of other communities in the region.

## Education

Poovathani played a pivotal role in the socio-educational development of the region with the presence of a well-educated community. An Upper Primary School is named A.M.U.P. School, established in 1938. This school is one of the biggest schools in the Perintalmanna Educational Sub District. Three religious schools (madrasas) provide religious education, as well as a Balavadi. Apart from the schools and the Balavadi, no major government or government-aided establishments are in Poovathani.
# Poovathakudi

Poovathakudi is a village in the Aranthangirevenue block of Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Poovathakudi had a total population of 2,802 with 1,425 males and 1,377 females. Out of the total population 1,970 people were literate, or 70.3%.
# Port William

Port William may refer to several places:
* Port William, Falkland Islands, an inlet in the Falkland Islands
* Port William, New Zealand, an inlet on Stewart Island
* Port William, Dumfries and Galloway, a fishing village in Scotland
* Port William, Ohio, a village in the U.S. state of Ohio
* Port William, Kentucky, a fictional location in the writing of Wendell Berry
# Vidarbha Vikas Party

Vidarbha Vikas Party (Vidarba Development Party) is a political party in the Indian state of Maharashtra. VVP works for the formation of a separate Vidarbha state in eastern Maharashtra.
* This article about an Indian political party is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Portrait of Doña Isabel de Porcel

The Portrait of Doña Isabel de Porcel is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Spanish artist Francisco de Goya, painted around 1805. The portrait depicts Isabel Lobo Velasco de Porcel, who was born at Ronda around 1780 and was the second wife of Antonio Porcel. Isabel's husband was 25 years older than she; they met when she was 20 years old. Antonio Porcel was a liberal and associate of Manuel Godoy, Prince of Peace, who was a friend of Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, who in turn brought him in contact with Goya, who lived nearby; the painting is said to have been a gift from the artist in return for hospitality. A Goya portrait of Antonio Porcel, though much larger and so not a matching piece, was lost in a fire when the Jockey Club in Buenos Aires was destroyed in a riot in 1953.
The half-length portrait depicts a young woman dressed in typical Spanish attire, a white shirt and a black mantilla. In spite of her "maja" attire, the richness of the textiles and her ladylike appearance give the picture an aristocratic elegance; at this time wealthy Spanish "people of fashion" often wore the styles of lower class urban dandies and their female equivalents, as seen in Goya's famous clothed version of La Maja.
The decisive gesture of her arms in the akimbo position and her confidence stand out. Her eyes and hair are light brown, her skin is pale, and her body is slightly turned to the left side, while her head gives balance by being turned to the opposite side. Goya achieves realism and deepness without adding secondary objects to the composition. One of the unique aspects of this painting is that the woman is looking towards the left side of the viewer and not towards him, which is the case of the majority of Goya's paintings.
The picture is used in several episodes of the 1967 BBC serialisation of the Forsyte Saga.
Some scholars have recently cast doubts over its attribution.
# Porreca

Porreca is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Giorgio Porreca (1927–1988), Italian chess player
* Marilyn Porreca (1932–2008), American politician
* Cameron Porreca ,
American Businessman
# Villorita cyprinoides

Villorita cyprinoides, the black clam, is found in the backwaters of Kerala, mainly in Vembanad backwaters. This species occurs in salinity range of 3 ppt in August to 16 ppt in May and the dissolved oxygen content ranged from a high of 6.5 ml/L during August–November to a low of 2.83 ml/L in February. The black clam attains sexual maturity at a length of 11 to 15 mm (0.43 to 0.59 in). It does not show sex reversal or hermaphroditism. It spawns twice a year, from May to August, and from January to late March. A change in salinity is the most important factor that triggers spawning, while temperature is not a factor. The optimum salinity for spawning is about 10–12 ppt.
The species is harvested extensively from the wild population and this could be potential threat to this species. Other recorded threats are closure of the Thaneermukham Barrage near Vambanad Lake, frequent dredging, pollution from effluents from shrimp processing plants/factories, ecotourism and Water Hyacinth weed.

## Gallery

* Black clam in miso soup
* Black clams packaged for instant miso soup
# Vincent Abbadie

Vincent Abbadie (born 25 May 1737 in Pujo, County of Bigorre; died 18 March 1814 in Châteauneuf-sur-Loire) was a French surgeon.

## Life

Vincent Abbadie began his medical career as a surgeon in several Bayonne hospitals, where he worked for several years and treated, among other things, soldiers from the local garrison. After passing several exams, he received the necessary diploma to practice his profession as a naval surgeon on the high seas for a while. He then went to Paris in 1763 for further training, attended medical lectures and was finally appointed surgeon at the Bicêtre Hospital in the southern Paris suburb of Le Kremlin- Bicêtre.
After his employment there ended, he became surgeon to Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre. Through his work he received in 1768 the certificate of appointment as Surgeon General of the Navy.
Abbadie edited Précis des hernies ou desccentes (Nantes 1787) and translated the following treatises by David Macbride from English into French (Paris 1766):
* Sur la fermentation des mélanges alimentaires
* Sur la nature et les properties de l'air fixe
* Sur les vertus respectives de different antiseptiques
* Sur le scorbut
* Sur la vertu dissolvante de la chaux live
# Vincent A. Mahler

Vincent A. Mahler is a professor of Political Science at Loyola University Chicago, where he serves as the Undergraduate Program Director.

## Academic history

Mahler received his B.A. and M.A. from Loyola University Chicago and his PhD from Columbia University. He lives in Park Ridge, Illinois.

## Research history

Mahler's teaching and research interests include comparative social policy, Western European politics, and quantitative methods. His work has been cited by popular media and published in several academic journals.
Mahler has twice been a guest academic at the Luxembourg Income Study, and wrote a book about his research titled Dependency Approaches to International Political Economy.
# Vincent Alexander Ormsby

Brigadier-General Vincent Alexander Ormsby, CB (July 1865 – May 1917) was a British Indian Army officer. He was killed in action in France in 1917, while commanding the 127th (Manchester) Brigade.
# Potebnia Institute of Linguistics

Potebnia Institute of Linguistics is a research institute in Ukraine, which is part of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine department of literature, language, and art studies. It is focused on linguistic research and studies of linguistic issues. The institute is located in Kyiv.

## History

The institute was established in 1930 after merging several smaller separate linguistic research institutions that existed in the 1920s, particularly the Institute of Ukrainian Scientific Language. The institute is named after Ukrainianist Alexander Potebnja (properly Olexander Potebnia). Due to political persecutions in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, the real work of the new institute did not start until after World War II. In the 1930s many members of the institute were tried at staged trials of the Union for the Freedom of Ukraine.
In 1991 from the department of Ukrainian Studies, there was created separate Institute of Ukrainian Language.

## Departments

* General linguistics
* General Slavic languages issues and East Slavic languages
* West and South Slavic languages
* Russian language
* Romance, Germanic, and Baltic languages
* Languages of Ukraine

## Directors

* Mykhailo Kalynovych
* Leonid Bulakhovskyi
* Vitaliy Rusanivskyi
* Vitaliy Sklyarenko
* Bohdan Azhniuk

## Publications

* "Movoznavstvo"

## Building

Besides the Potebnya Institute of Linguistics, the building also houses two other research institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: the Shevchenko Institute of Literature and the Institute of History of Ukraine.

## Employees

At various times, the Institute has employed well-known linguists:
* А. Y. Krymsky
* E. K. Timchenko
* I. V. Sharovolsky
* О. N. Sinyavsky
* P. Y. Goretsky
* О. B. Kurylo
* M. Y. Kalynovych
* M. G. Grunsky
* L. A. Bulakhovsky
* I. M. Kirichenko
* А. O. Biletskyi
* M. A. Zhovtobryukh
* V. S. Ilyin
* I. A. Bagmut

## Gallery

* Shot from perspective of the Dynamo Stadium's entrance
* Euromaidan events near the building of the Institute
* In the background, a building adjacent to the Institute's building
* The building of the institute behind a barricade
* A barricade near the institute, February 2014
# Viktor Žmegač

Viktor Žmegač (21 March 1929 – 20 July 2022) was a Croatian musicologist and scholar. He authored a number of books, articles and essays in the areas of cultural history, literary theory, musicology, art history, and German studies.
Žmegač was born in Slatina on 21 March 1929. After finishing elementary school in his home town he went on to attend gymnasiums in Virovitica and Osijek. He then enrolled at the University of Zagreb Faculty of Philosophy and earned a double major degree in Yugoslav and German studies. He also studied musicology and German studies in University of Göttingen. He earned a doctorate in 1959 and later spent almost 30 years as a tenured university professor teaching German literature at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb, from 1971 until his retirement in 1999. He was made professor emeritus in 2002.
Žmegač was a full member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (HAZU) and member of the Saxonian Academy of Sciences and Academia Europaea. He was also awarded a number of Croatian and international prizes for his works, including the Friedrich-Gundolf-Preis (1987), Herder Prize (1993), the Humboldt Prize (1993) and the Vladimir Nazor Award for Life Achievement in Literature (2003). Žmegač died in Zagreb on 20 July 2022, at the age of 93.

## Selected works

* Od Bacha do Bauhausa (2006)
* Majstori europske glazbe (2009)
* Prošlost i budućnost 20. stoljeća (2010)
# Violin Sonata in G major

Violin Sonata in G major may refer to:
* Violin Sonata No. 18 (Mozart)
* Violin Sonata No. 27 (Mozart)
* Violin Sonata No. 8 (Beethoven)
* Violin Sonata No. 10 (Beethoven)
* Violin Sonata No. 1 (Brahms)
* Violin Sonata No. 2 (Grieg)
* Violin Sonata No. 2 (Ravel)
* Violin Sonata (Shostakovich)
# Viperești oil field

The Viperești oil field is an oil field in Viperești, Buzău County, Romania. It was discovered in 2006 and developed by Toreador Resources. It will begin production in 2015 and will produce oil. The total proven reserves of the Viperești oil field are around 105 million barrels (13.9×10$^6$tonnes), and production will be centered on 2,000 barrels per day (320 m$^3$/d).
# Powerfin

Powerfin Propellers, is an American manufacturer of composite propellers for homebuilt, light-sport and ultralight aircraft, as well as wind power generation systems. The company headquarters is located in Hurricane, Utah, although it was formerly in El Campo, Texas and originated in Arlington, Washington.

## Products

Powerfin produces carbon fiber two, three, four and five-bladed propellers for two-stroke and four-stroke engines up to the Rotax 914 of 115 hp (86 kW).
The company is noted for its use of the Clark Y airfoil, infinite blade angle adjustment, as well as for the very low rotating inertia of its designs, a key wear factor on lightweight engine gearboxes. The propeller blades are constructed of carbon fiber and aramid pre-preg cloth with a foam core, and cured in an autoclave. The company's Apex series of two- to five-bladed propeller hubs were CAD/CAM designed and are created on a Haas VF-4 CNC vertical milling station.

## History

Founded by Stuart Gort, the company went out of business in 2009. It was acquired by powered parachute manufacturer Frederick Scheffel and production moved to Texas in late 2009 and then to Utah in 2012.

## Applications

* Canadian Phase I
* Chotia Weedhopper
* Cosmos Echo
* Escapade Kid
* Flylight Dragonfly
* Gyro-Kopp-Ters Midnight Hawk
* Gyro-Kopp-Ters Twin Eagle
* Just Escapade
* Midwest Hornet
* Powrachute Pegasus
* Rainbow Aerotrike
* Soaring Concepts Sky Trek
* Sundog One-Seater
* Sundog Two-Seater
# Virginia Secretary of Agriculture and Forestry

The secretary of agriculture and forestry is a member of the Virginia Governor's Cabinet. The office is currently vacant pending confirmation of Secretary-designate Matt Lohr's nomination.

## Background

The Virginia Secretariat of Agriculture and Forestry was created in 2004. It oversees the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services and the Virginia Department of Forestry. Governor Mark Warner appointed former Delegate Robert Bloxom as the first secretary.

## List of secretaries of agriculture

| No. | Name | Took office | Left office | Governor(s) |
| 1 | Robert Bloxom | January 3, 2005 | January 16, 2010 | Mark Warner |
| 1 | Robert Bloxom | January 3, 2005 | January 16, 2010 | Tim Kaine |
| 2 | Todd Haymore | January 16, 2010 | September 12, 2016 | Bob McDonnell |
| 2 | Todd Haymore | January 16, 2010 | September 12, 2016 | Terry McAuliffe |
| 3 | Basil Gooden | September 12, 2016 | January 13, 2018 | Terry McAuliffe |
| 4 | Bettina Ring | January 13, 2018 | January 15, 2022 | Ralph Northam |
| 5 | Matt Lohr | January 15, 2022 | | Glenn Youngkin |
# Virginia Secretary of Commerce

The secretary of commerce and trade is a member of the Virginia Governor's Cabinet. The office is currently held by Caren DeWitt Merrick.

## List of secretaries
### Commerce and resources (July 1, 1972–1986)

* Maurice B. Rowe III (1972–1974)
* Earl J. Shiflet (1974–1978)
* Maurice B. Rowe III (1978–1982)
* Betty Jane Diener (1982–1986)

### Economic development (1986–1993)

* Richard M. Bagley (1986–1988)
* Curry A. Roberts (1988–1990)
* Lawrence H. Framme III (1990–1992)
* Cate Magennis (1992–1993)

### Commerce and trade (1993–present)

* Cate Magennis (1993–1994)
* Robert T. Skunda (1994–1997)
* Robert J. Stolle (1997–1998)
* Barry E. DuVal (1998–2001)
* Joshua N. Lief (2001–2002)
* Michael J. Schewel (2002–2006)
* Patrick Gottschalk (2006–2010)
* Jim Cheng (2010–2014)
* Maurice Jones (2014–2016)
* Todd Haymore (2016–2018)
* Esther Lee (2018)
* Brian Ball (2018–2022)
* Caren Merrick (2022–present)

## Former offices absorbed by the secretary of commerce

* Virginia Secretary of Technology (2018)
# Sri Venkateswara College (disambiguation)

Sri Venkateswara College may refer to:
* Sri Venkateswara College, Delhi, a constituent college of the University of Delhi.
* Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Tirupati, an engineering college in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
* Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur near Chennai
* Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering and Technology, Tiruvallur
* Sri Venkateswara Junior College, Kamavarapukota, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh
* Sri Venkateswara Hindu College Of Engineering, Machilipatnam, an unaided institution in Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh
* Shree Venkateshwara Hi-Tech Engineering College, Gobichettipalayam, Tamil Nadu
* Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Bangalore
# Mo Fan

Mo Fan (Chinese: 莫凡; born in May 1949, Hangzhou, China) is a Chinese composer. During the Cultural Revolution he was sent to Heilongjiang, where he taught himself composition. In 1979 he entered Shanghai Conservatory.

## Works

* Thunderstorm.
* Pipa concerto – Changhen ge "Ballad of the Eternal Sorrow" – for soprano, pipa, flute and orchestra 1991

## Selected recordings

* "Waterscape Silhouette" piao 《漂》– for pipa on recital by UK Chinese ensemble The Silk String Quartet - Contemporary and Traditional Chinese Music ARC Music 2007
# Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen II

Theodorus Frelinghuysen II (1724–1761) or Theodorus Frelinghuysen, Jr., was a theologian in Albany, New York. He was a member of the Frelinghuysen Family

## Biography

He was the first-born son of Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen and Eva Terhune. He studied at the University of Utrecht and was ordained a minister in October 1745. His first assignment was at the Dutch Reformed Church in Albany, New York. He quickly set sail for America but his ship was captured by the French and he did not reach his new congregation until the following Spring. In January 1756 he married, nineteen-year-old Elizabeth Symes. She was the sister of the wife of John Ogilvie, and they had two daughters together. In October 1759 Frelinghuysen sailed from New York to the Netherlands and died in 1761 at sea while returning from an attempt to raise funds for "Queen's College" (now Rutgers University. His replacement for the church arrived in Albany in October 1760.
# Thráin

Thráin can refer to:
* Thráin, a barrow-wight from the Norse legend Hrómundar saga Gripssonar
* Thráin I or Thráin the Old, founder of the Kingdom under the Mountain in Tolkien's Middle-earth
** Thráin II, father of Thorin Oakenshield in Tolkien's Middle-earth

## People

"Thráin" is also a transliteration of the Icelandic name "Þráinn" (also rendered as "Thrainn" in some cases). This may refer to:
* Þráinn Bertelsson an Icelandic film director, writer, politician, journalist and newspaper editor
* Þráinn Hjálmarsson an Icelandic composer.
* Þráinn Orri Jónsson an Icelandic handball player
# USS Gretchen

USS Gretchen has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to:
* USS Gretchen (SP-423), a patrol boat in service from July to November 1917
* USS Gretchen (SP-1181), a patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1919
# Uriah P. Levy Chapel

Uriah P. Levy Chapel may refer to:
* Commodore Levy Chapel, the U.S. Navy's oldest land-based Jewish Chapel
* Commodore Uriah P. Levy Center and Jewish Chapel, at the United States Naval Academy