OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ramdeo Mahto

Ramdeo Mahto was an Indian politician, who served as Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly in undivided Bihar. Mahto was elected as a candidate of Bhartiya Jana Sangh to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1969 Assembly elections from Patna East Assembly constituency. He was also elected for his second term in Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1977 Bihar Assembly elections, this time, as a candidate of Janata Party. Mahto was considered one of the pillars of Bhartiya Jana Sangh in 1960s and he went on to become a minister from Jana Sangh quota in Mahamaya Prasad Sinha's government in 1967.

## Biography

Ramdeo Mahto was one of the initial leaders of Bhartiya Jana Sangh, the parent organisation of Bhartiya Janata Party in Bihar. He was a member of Koeri caste. He emerged as a significant leader of Jana Sangh in the decade of 1960s, when Jana Sangh was making inroads into Bihar. Earlier in 1962, Jana Sangh showed its presence in Bihar by winning three legislative assembly constituencies. By 1967, its role in Bihar's politics was enhanced and it got an opportunity to share power with Communist Party of India in Mahamaya Prasad Sinha's government. Being one of the pillars of party in contemporary Bihar, Mahto was chosen for ministerial berth in Government of Bihar by Jana Sangh leadership. Consequently, Mahto along with his party colleagues, Rudra Pratap Sarangi and Vijay Mitra became the first ministers from Bharatiya Jana Sangh in Bihar.
According to BJP leader Mangal Pandey, Mahto was known for his austerity and he had done significant work for strengthening the party within state of Bihar. Before becoming an MLA and a minister, Mahto used to work as a teacher. Mahto also played significant role in expansion of organisation of BJP and Jana Sangh in Bihar. Former Mines and Geology minister for Bihar, Binod Singh Kushwaha had made public statements regarding role of Mahto in bringing him into BJP from the student wing of party called Akhil Bhartiya Vidyarthi Parishad. As a member of Jana Sangh, Mahto was elected twice from Patna East Assembly constituency, which is known as Patna Sahib Assembly constituency after 2008. In 1977, he contested as a candidate of Janata Party and secured his third term as an MLA. Political analysts have consented that after the election of Mahato from Patna East Assembly constituency, the influence of Communist Party of India went down in Patna region, which was earlier considered a strong political party in this region. It is stated that after 1967, the dominant political ideology of the constituency swapped from Left to Right.
Mahto is recognised as political mentor of many of the second generation Bhartiya Janata Party leaders. Prominent BJP leader and several times Member of Legislative Assembly from Patna Sahib Assembly constituency, Nand Kishore Yadav had spoken of role of Mahto in nurturing him, during his initial days in state's politics.
# Unitar (instrument)

The unitar is a one-string electric guitar. Although rare, the one-string guitar is sometimes heard, particularly in Delta blues, where improvised folk instruments were popular in the 1930s and 1940s.

## History

Eddie "One String" Jones had some regional success with a Mississippi blues musician, Lonnie Pitchford, who played a similar homemade instrument. In a more contemporary style, Little Willie Joe Duncan, the inventor of the Unitar, had a considerable rhythm and blues instrumental hit in the 1950s with "Twitchy", recorded with the Rene Hall Orchestra.

## Design

The home-made unitar often has a piezoelectric sensor as a pick-up, requiring an external amplifier to be attached to produce a satisfactory sound. PVC piping is a common neck material. As with a normal electric guitar, the unitar does not require a reverberating body like an acoustic guitar.

## Notable players

* Seasick Steve
* Brushy One String
# Radioactivity Fixatives

Radioactivity or radionuclide fixatives are specialized polymer coatings used to “fix” radioactive isotopes or radioactive material to surfaces. These fixatives, also known as permanent coatings in the radioactive contamination control field, have been used for many decades in facilities processing radioactive material to control radioactive contamination. There has been increased interest in these fixatives or coatings recently due to the growing concern of contamination from a radioactivity dispersal device (RDD also known as a dirty bomb) and because radioactivity fixatives in use today lose the ability to contain the radioactivity to the surface during a fire.
Radioactivity fixatives reduce or eliminate the movement of radionuclides from surfaces thereby lowering the health risk of inhalation or other exposure to radioactive isotopes. There are many articles on the use of radioactive fixatives with a review article from 1983 often used as a reference. A more recent review article looks at the use of these radioactive fixatives for use after the detonation of a RDD. Current research is investigating new coatings that are effective at containing radioactive material to the surface during and after fires.
# Ramdayal Sharma

Ramdayal Sharma is an Indian Nautanki artist. He is also a singer, composer and teacher. In 2022, he was awarded Padma Shri, and in 2015, the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award by the Indian Government for his contribution in Arts.

## Early life and education

Sharma is from Samai Kheda village of Deeg in Bharatpur district. He passed his 10th education from Deeg in 1964. In 1973, he moved to Delhi.

## Career

In 2003, Sharma was invited by The Indira Gandhi National Center for Arts (IGNCA) to perform at the International Symposium on Mudras. In 2004 and 2005, the India Government nominated him to the Expert committee to advise the Military of Defense on school children for Republic day parade. In 2012, he was the teacher of Nautanki in National School of Drama. He also wrote many original Nautankis such as "Sundar Katha" based on Sundar Kand of Ramcharitmanas, and "Beti Ka Byah" on the problem of dowry. He adapted "Hanuman Ki Ramayan" a Pauranic story into Nautanki. He has done untiring efforts to take our traditional culture to youngsters and students of today's generation. He has also performed at Theatre Royal London, Tara Arts UK and at many more places.

## Awards

* Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2015
* Padma Shri in 2022
# Vespers (album)

Vespers is an album by soprano saxophonist Steve Lacy recorded in 1993 and released on the Italian Soul Note label. The album features lyrics by Blaga Dimitrova.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album four stars stating "lots of interesting tone colors and harmonies and consistently stimulating solos... Well worth exploring".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |

## Track listing

    All compositions by Steve Lacy
* "Multidimensional" - 6:59
* "If We Come Close" - 8:25
* "Grass" - 9:24
* "Wait for Tomorrow" - 4:35
* "Across" - 5:58
* "I Do Not Believe" - 9:26
* "Vespers" - 6:15
   * Recorded at Sear Sound in New York City on July 5, 6, 7 & 9, 1993

## Personnel

* Steve Lacy - soprano saxophone
* Steve Potts - alto saxophone, soprano saxophone
* Tom Varner - French horn
* Ricky Ford - tenor saxophone
* Bobby Few - piano
* Jean-Jacques Avenel - bass
* John Betsch - drums
* Irene Aebi - voice
# Walter H. Haas

Walter H. Haas (July 3, 1917 – April 6, 2015) was an American amateur astronomer. He started observing in the 1930s. After the Second World War he founded the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers (ALPO) and served there as the executive director between 1947 and the mid-1980s. Since then he had been a member of the board of directors as the Director Emeritus.
He received several awards for his contributions to astronomy: the Astronomical League Award in 1952, the Amateur Achievement Award of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific in 1994 and the Presidential Award of the Astronomical League in 2004.
# Vanessa Duriès

Vanessa Duriès, also known as Katia Lamara (1972 – 13 December 1993), was a French novelist. She was the author of two novels; Le lien and L'Étudiante.

## Biography

Duriès was the author of the French BDSM novel Le lien (translated into English as The Ties that Bind) allegedly based on her own experience as a BDSM slave.
She created quite a stir in France at the time of the release of the novel, due to her youth and beauty, and appeared on national television, in particular in the show of Bernard Pivot. She also appeared in a pictorial and interview in the May 1993 issue of the French edition of Penthouse magazine.
Duriès died at the age of 21 in a car crash on 13 December 1993 in the South of France. Because of her early death, she has achieved a cult status for some BDSM communities. In 2007, five chapters of her second novel L'Étudiante, left unfinished due to her death, were published in France.
Three other people also died in the crash. The 2007 edition published in Paris by J'ai Lu which includes an avant-propos by Duriès' editor Franck Spengler and a preface by Florence Dugas, is dedicated: "À la mémoire de Vanessa Duriès, Nathalie Perreau, Jean-Pierre Imbrohoris et leur fils décédés tragiquement le 13 décembre 1993".
Spengler avows he was editor to Nathalie Perreau, also, and a friend of Jean-Pierre Imbrohoris. Published in this edition is a short letter written by Duriès to Franck Spengler, inserted between chapters two and three of "L'Étudiante".

## L'Étudiante

L'Étudiante is the second novel by Vanessa Duriès.
Like Le lien, Vanessa Duriès's first novel, this is an autobiographical story. It has not been completed, since Vanessa Duriès was killed in a car accident when it was being written.
This second novel puts in parallel her very special kind of sexuality and her life as a student in Bordeaux. As in Le lien, she is very clear and blunt when she describes her BDSM scenes, but she also describes her interest for the quieter love lives of her fellow students, love lives which she pokes fun at but that nevertheless exert some fascination on her, leading her to a clear analysis of the SM milieu.
Although it was written in 1993, it was only published in 2007 in the form of a joint volume with Le Lien by the Éditions Blanche.
The cover image of the book is taken from Vanessa Duriès's pictorial for the French edition of Penthouse.
# Sud Cinti Province

Sud Cinti (also Sur Cinti) is a province in the Bolivian department of Chuquisaca.

## Subdivision

The province is divided into three municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons. The municipalities with their seats are:
| Section | Municipality | Seat |
| 1st | Camataqui Municipality / Villa Abecia Municipality | Villa Abecia |
| 2nd | Culpina Municipality | Culpina |
| 3rd | Las Carreras Municipality | Las Carreras |
# Norway at the 2018 European Championships

Norway competed at the inaugural 7 sports 2018 European Championships from 2 to 12 August 2018. It competed in all sports.

## Medallists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Gold | Kristoffer Brun Are Strandli | Rowing | Men's lightweight double sculls | 5 August |
| Gold | Kjetil Borch | Rowing | Men's single sculls | 5 August |
| Gold | Karsten Warholm | Athletics | Men's 400 metres hurdles | 9 August |
| Gold | Jakob Ingebrigtsen | Athletics | Men's 1500 metres | 10 August |
| Gold | Jakob Ingebrigtsen | Athletics | Men's 5000 metres | 11 August |
| Silver | Henrik Christiansen | Swimming | Men's 400 metre freestyle | 3 August |
| Silver | Henrik Ingebrigtsen | Athletics | Men's 5000 metres | 11 August |
| Bronze | Karoline Bjerkeli Grøvdal | Athletics | Women's 3000 metres steeplechase | 12 August |
# Unitard

A unitard is a skintight, one-piece garment with long legs and sometimes long sleeves, usually stopping at the wrists and ankles. It differs from a leotard which does not have long legs. The leotard is also usually considered a more feminine clothing item, while the unitard is not. The garment can be thought of as a combination of a leotard and leggings, and was historically called a "one-piece long legged leotard". The term unitard is mostly used in relation to sports, while it is usually referred to as a catsuit in other contexts.

## Usage in sports

Unitards are worn by acrobats, gymnasts, dancers, equestrian vaulters, athletes, circus performers, as well as others who require overall body coverage without impeding flexibility. It is closely related to the wrestling singlet, which is basically a unitard with shorter legs.
In 1985, Anne White's decision to wear a white unitard for the first two sets of a match in the Women's Singles Championship at Wimbledon was widely reported. Unitards remain an unusual sight in some sports such as tennis, although Serena Williams wore one during a 2013 Wimbledon practice, and during the 2018 French Open (after which the garment type was banned there).
In the 90s, wearing unitards in figure skating was "illegal in competition and discouraged in practice". And although modern rules allow them, they remain a rare sight in competitions, where dresses are seen as more appropriate by conservative judges.
The North Carolina State college men's basketball team wore a unitard designed by Nike shortly in 1989 under coach Jim Valvano "to address the issue of jerseys coming untucked", but they were retired after only two games.
Colourful unitards are the trademark of fitness coach Mr Motivator.

## Usage elsewhere

Superheroes in comics, ads, TV shows and films are frequently depicted wearing costumes that resemble unitards, although they are rarely called that explicitly. The members of the rock band Queen were known for wearing unitards during their concerts in the late 1970s. Some of the uniforms worn by female characters in the Star Trek franchise have been called unitards, and criticized for promoting sexiness.
# Radical 202

Radical 202 or radical millet (黍部) meaning "millet" is one of the 4 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 12 strokes.
In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 46 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
黍 is also the 197th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.

## Evolution

* Oracle bone script character
* Bronze script character
* Large seal script character
* Small seal script character

## Derived characters

| Strokes | Characters |
| +0 | 黍 |
| +3 | 黎 |
| +5 | 黏 |
| +10 | 黐 |

## Literature

* Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
* Lunde, Ken (Jan 5, 2009). "Appendix J: Japanese Character Sets" (PDF). CJKV Information Processing: Chinese, Japanese, Korean & Vietnamese Computing (Second ed.). Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-0-596-51447-1.
# Rampart Lakes

Rampart Lakes area a set of contiguous freshwater reservoir lakes located on the south slope of Alta Mountain, in Kittitas County, Washington. Self-issued Alpine Lake Wilderness permit required for transit within the Klonaqua Lakes area. The lake is a popular area for hiking, swimming, and fishing cutthroat trout.

## Climate

Rampart Lakes are in a hemiboreal climate. The average temperature is 4 °C. The warmest month is August, with an average temperature of 17 °C, and the coldest month is January, at an average of −8 °C. Temperatures and precipitation are similar to surrounding lakes of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness. The wettest month is January, with 396 millimeters of rain, and the least in July, with 38 millimeters of rain.

## Access

Rampart Lakes are located approximately one mile west of Rachel Lake and access is obtained as an extension to Rachel Lake Trail #1313. The trail follows Box Canyon Creek from the trailhead which begins at Forest Road 4930 at the Western shores of Little Kachess Lake, approximately 20 miles east of The Summit at Snoqualmie off Interstate 90.
# Vespers (video game)

Vespers is an interactive fiction game written in 2005 by Jason Devlin that placed first at the 2005 Interactive Fiction Competition. It also won the XYZZY Awards for Best Game, Best NPCs, Best Setting, and Best Writing.

## Summary

Set in a 15th-century Italian monastery, it is chiefly a horror-themed morality game, where the player takes moral decisions, which then affect the ending. However, whilst playing the game, it isn't obvious that these are moral dilemmas, and the game actively encourages the player to take the evil path.

## Awards

Vespers has won the following awards:
* 1st place, rec.arts.int-fiction competition 2005
* Finalist, Best Individual PC, Xyzzy Awards 2005
* Winner, Best NPCs, Xyzzy Awards 2005
* Winner, Best Setting, Xyzzy Awards 2005
* Winner, Best Writing, Xyzzy Awards 2005
* Winner, Best Game, Xyzzy Awards 2005
* Finalist, Best Individual NPC, Xyzzy Awards 2005
* Finalist, Best Puzzles, Xyzzy Awards 2005
* Finalist, Best Story, Xyzzy Awards 2005

## Remake

Vespers3D is an in-progress remake of the game created using the Torque Game Engine. The written text interface is being carried over from the original but the remake team are adding 3D animated graphics, voice acting and music.
# Psiloparmelia salazinica

Psiloparmelia salazinica is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in South America.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was described as a new species in 1992 by lichenologists John Elix and Tom Nash. The type specimen was collected by Nash from the east slope of the Sierra de Santa Victoria [es] (Jujuy Province, Argentina) at an elevation of 4,400 m (14,400 ft). The species has also been recorded from Chile. The specific epithet refers to the presence of salazinic acid, a secondary compound that helps to distinguish it from a similar species, Psiloparmelia distincta.

## Description

The yellowish-green thallus of Psiloparmelia salazinica reaches diameters of 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in), comprising somewhat linear, irregularly branched, contiguously placed lobes measuring 0.8–2.0 mm wide. The lobes are dull, becoming pruinose near the tips. The apothecia measure 2–5 mm (0.08–0.2 in) in diameter; the ascospores are roughly spherical to elliptical in shape, measuring 4.5–5.5 by 7–9 μm. Pycnidia are common in this lichen; they are immersed in the surface of the thallus, and produce bifusiform conidia (i.e., rod-shaped with minute swellings at each end) measuring 0.5 by 5–6 μm.
Secondary chemicals that occur in this species are usnic acid (major), minor amounts of atranorin and salazinic acid, and minor to trace amounts of consalazinic acid, norstictic acid, and protocetraric acid. The expected results of standard chemical spot tests are: cortex K+ (yellow-pale red), C−, PD+ (yellow-orange), while in the medulla they are K−, C−, KC−, and PD−.
# Varciani

The Varciani were a Celtic tribe in Roman Pannonia. They were neighbors of the Latobici.
# Suhodol Zelinski

Suhodol Zelinski is a settlement (naselje) in the Sveti Ivan Zelina administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 99 people.
# Nostell railway station

Nostell railway station served the village of Nostell, West Yorkshire, England from 1866 to 1951 on the West Riding and Grimsby Railway.

## History

The station opened on 1 February 1866 by the Great Northern Railway. It station closed to both passengers and goods traffic on 29 October 1951.
# University, North Carolina

University, North Carolina may refer to:
* University of North Carolina, a multi-campus public university system, North Carolina, U.S.
* University City, Charlotte, North Carolina, a community in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, U.S.
* University, Orange County, North Carolina, an unincorporated settlement in Orange County, North Carolina, U.S.
# Western Confederation Super League

The Captain's Bakery Western Confederation Super League is a third division football league in the nation of Jamaica. The twelve teams that currently compete in the league are based in the parishes of Hanover, St. James, Trelawny and Westmoreland.
At the end of each season the winners qualify for the National Premier League Playoff along with the winners of the KSAFA Super League, South Central Confederation Super League and Eastern Confederation Super League.
These four teams play each other, home and away, with the top two teams from this playoff being promoted to the Jamaica National Premier League.

## Member teams 2010/11

* Bamboo F.C. (Hanover)
* Catherine Hall F.C. (Montego Bay, St James)
* Exidus (Trelawny)
* Frome F.C. (Westmoreland)
* Granville F.C. (St James)
* Mount Pelier F.C. (Montpelier, St James)
* Petersfield (Westmoreland)
* Prosper F.C. (Hanover)
* Seba United F.C. (Montego Bay, St James)
* Tomorrow's People
* Violet Kickers F.C. (Montego Bay, St James)
* Wadadah F.C. (Montego Bay, St James)

## Past Champions

* 2019:
* 2018: Wadadah F.C.
* 2017:. Sandals South Coast
* 2016:. Granville Utd F.C
* 2015:. Savannah S.C
* 2014: Reno F.C
* 2013: Wadadah F.C
* 2012:
* 2011: Seba United F.C.
* 2010: Reno F.C.
* 2009: Wadadah F.C.
* 2008: Granville F.C.
* 2007:
* 2006:
* 2005:
* 2004:
# São Miguel River (Espírito Santo)

The São Miguel River is a river of Espírito Santo state in eastern Brazil.
# Rampart Range

The Rampart Range is a mountain range in the western United States in Colorado, located in Douglas, El Paso, and Teller counties. Part of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, the range is almost entirely public land within the Pike National Forest.
The Rampart Range is delineated by the South Platte River on the north and Manitou Springs and Woodland Park on the south. The western border is formed by faults along the South Platte River and Trout Creek. The eastern border of the range is the steep, faulted escarpment down to the Colorado Piedmont. In total, the range is 44 miles (71 km) long and 12 miles (19 km) at its widest.
The high point of the Rampart Range is Devils Head at an elevation of 9,748 feet (2,971 m). Several other peaks in the range are over 9,000 feet (2,743 m), but these elevations stand in contrast to the higher peaks of the Front Range to the north (Mount Blue Sky) and south (Pikes Peak).

## Geology

The Rampart Range is a anticlinal horst raised along faults on the east, west, and south sides. The region has experienced repeated periods of uplift, erosion, and deposition over the past 1,000 million years. Currently, uplifted Proterozoic basement rocks of the Pikes Pike batholith dominate the Rampart Range. Nearly all overlying sedimentary and volcanic rocks have been eroded away.