OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Xavier Chamorro Cardenal

Xavier Chamorro Cardenal (31 December 1932 – 4 January 2008) was a Nicaraguan journalist. He began his career working at his father’s newspaper, La Prensa, and in 1980 became founding editor and publisher of El Nuevo Diario, a competitor newspaper.

## Background

Xavier was born in Granada, Nicaragua, a son of Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Zelaya and his wife Margarita Cardenal Argüello.Chamorro's great-grandfather was Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro, 39th President of Nicaragua. He was also a relative of Leonardo Argüello. Xavier had two brothers, Jaime and Pedro Joaquín, who succeeded their father as publisher of La Prensa newspaper. They had two sisters, Ligia and Ana María.

## Career

Prior to 1980, Chamorro Cardenal had worked with La Prensa, a well-known Conservative publication. It had published criticism of the government. After his brother and editor Pedro Joaquín was assassinated in 1978 by alleged forces of Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Xavier took over as editor of the paper.
In 1980, he left La Prensa, taking eighty percent of the staff with him, as they favored the Sandinistas. Together, they founded El Nuevo Diario, with Chamorro Cardenal as director and editor. The newspaper provided a different political view from that of La Prensa. The paper shut down in 2019.

## Personal life

Xavier Chamorro Cardenal married Sonia García Cordova. They had five children together: Francisco Xavier, Margarita, Gabriel, Ana María, and Juan Sebastián.
He also was a professional engineer and an amateur radio operator.
Chamorro Cardenal died in Managua on 4 January 2008, reportedly of heart disease.
# Xavier Catholic College, Llandilo

Xavier Catholic College, Llandilo is an independent Roman Catholic co-educational secondary day school, located in Llandilo, a western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

## Location

The college campus was previously located behind Corpus Christi Primary School, Cranebrook and was then constructed at its current location on Ninth Ave, Llandilo.

## Campus

The current Xavier Campus consists of eight main classroom blocks, including a Kirinari block for special education provision. Each building houses a separate faculty's subjects including:
* A: Administration
* B: Technology & Applied Studies
* C: English General Learning
* D: Xavier Centre and Computer Science
* E: Performing Arts
* F: Science
* G: Creative Arts
* H: HSIE & Mathematics
* M: Religious Education (Mary MacKillop Centre)
* Z: Personal Development, Health, and Physical Education (Demountable Area)

## Houses

Xavier Catholic College, Llandilo has a prestigious history, some of which has been captured some in the names of the college houses:
* McCormack (Orange) - Saint Irene McCormack.
* MacKillop (Yellow) - Blessed Mary MacKillop (1842–1909) was beatified in 1996 by Pope John Paul II. Canonised in 2010
* Loyola (Purple) - Saint Ignatius Loyola
* Campion (Blue)
* Tenison (Green)
* Faber (White)
# XHCUN-FM

XHCUN-FM 105.9 is a radio station in Mexico in Cancún, Quintana Roo, known as Radio Cultural Ayuntamiento. It is owned directly by the government of the municipality of Cancún and is the oldest station owned by a Mexican municipality. It was the only such station until XHOJF-FM, in Ocotlán de Morelos in Oaxaca, received its permit in 2011.
# SMS Dresden

SMS Dresden may refer to one of these ships in the German Imperial Navy:
* SMS Dresden (1907), a Dresden-class cruiser launched in 1907
* SMS Dresden (1917), a Cöln-class cruiser launched in 1916
# SS Murex (1892)

Murex was a 3,564 gross ton M class oiler, built by William Gray & Company, West Hartlepool in 1892 for Marcus Samuel & Company. She was the first bulk-oil tanker to pass through the Suez Canal en route to Thailand in 1892. She was chartered by the Royal Australian Navy and took part in operations against the German colonies in the Pacific with the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force during the First World War in 1914, as an oiler. Murex was given the battle honour "Rabual 1914", for her service. She was later requisitioned by the Admiralty.

## Fate

Murex was torpedoed on 21 December 1916 by the Imperial German Navy submarine U-73 in the Mediterranean Sea 94 miles off Port Said, Egypt, at 32°20′N 31°00′E﻿ / ﻿32.333°N 31.000°E﻿ / 32.333; 31.000 and was sunk with the loss of one man.

## Citations

* ↑ "Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours". Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
* ↑ "Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours" (PDF). Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
# Xanthoparmelia malawiensis

Xanthoparmelia malawiensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Malawi, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by Australian lichenologist John Elix. The type specimen was collected in Nyika National Park at an altitude of 2,300 m (7,500 ft), where it was found growing on granite rocks. It is only known from the type locality. It contains usnic acid and stictic acid as major lichen products, and minor amounts of constictic acid, norstictic acid, cryptostictic acid, and lusitanic acid.
# SS Mount Washington

SS Mount Washington (T-AOT-5076) was an American transport oiler. Originally built for commercial interests, it became one of four Offshore Petroleum Discharge System (OPDS) tankers within the Ready Reserve Force maintained by the United States Maritime Administration. The Mount Washington was one of the largest of the fleet — 736 feet (224 m) long, a beam of 102 feet (31 m), and a fuel capacity of 364,000 bbl (57,900 m$^3$). The ship was designated for scrapping in 2013.

## History

Built in 1963 for the commercial trade, the Mount Washington was turned over to the Maritime Administration in 1987 and was placed into the Ready Reserve Force as one of 13 "Common User Tankers" for activation in the event of national emergency.
Previously layberthed in Houston, the ship was towed to Suisun Bay where she was maintained in a ROS-40 status, meaning she would have been ready for deployment in 40 days or less. Mount Washington was removed from the reserve fleet on 18 November 2013 for scrapping in Brownsville, Texas.

## Background

The Ready Reserve Force (RRF) is the Maritime Administration (MARAD) program which provides sealift of supplies for the U.S. military throughout the world. The RRF supplements the Maritime Prepositioning Program which has strategically located ships pre-loaded with United States Army or United States Marine Corps equipment.
The former commercial vessels of RRF sit empty while they await call-up. Under the program, the ships must be ready for loading and sailing within 4, 5, 10, or 20 days. Those assigned 4 and 5 day readiness have a permanent skeleton crew of 9 or 10 mariners. Private shipping companies under contract to MARAD provide maintenance, activation, manning, and vessel operation.
The Department of Defense periodically tests readiness of the RRF by initiating no-notice activations, and by routine activations for military cargo operations and exercises. RRF ships are also used for cargo handling training by Navy Reserve and Army Reserve units. When activated, control of the RRF ships transfers from the Maritime Administration to the Military Sealift Command, part of the United States Navy.
The Offshore Petroleum Discharge System (OPDS) was designed by and for the Navy, for use with the Army and Marine Corps' Inland Petroleum Distribution System (IPDS). The OPDS is stored aboard a selected Ready Reserve Fleet tanker. It is transported to a theater of operations by the tanker. The OPDS provides 1.2 million US gallons (4,500 m$^3$) per 20-hour day of refined petroleum to the beach, from a tanker moored four miles (6.4 km) from shore. The tanker is crewed by civilians.
Other OPDS tankers are the SS American Osprey, SS Petersburg, and the SS Chesapeake.

## Sources

* FM 10-67-1 CONCEPTS AND EQUIPMENT OF PETROLEUM OPERATIONS
* This article includes information collected from the Naval Vessel Register, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. The entry can be found here.
# SS Takliwa

Takliwa was a 7,936 GRT cargo liner that was built in 1924 by Barclay, Curle & Co Ltd, Glasgow, Scotland for the British India Steam Navigation Company. She was converted to a hospital ship during the Second World War, serving until she was wrecked in October 1945.

## Description

The ship was 450 feet 7 inches (137.34 m) long, with a beam of 60 feet 2 inches (18.34 m) and a depth of 29 feet 2 inches (8.89 m). She was assessed at 7,936 GRT, 3,742 NRT and 8,200 DWT. She had accommodation for 56 1st class, 80 2nd class and 3,302 deck class passengers.
The ship was propelled by a 1,376 nhp four-cylinder triple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of 25 inches (64 cm), 42.5 inches (108 cm) and 51 inches (130 cm) diameter by 51 inches (130 cm) stroke. There were two low-pressure cylinders. The engine drove twin screw propellers. It could propel the ship at 16 knots (30 km/h).

## History

Takliwa was a cargo liner built by Barclay, Curle & Co Ltd, Glasgow for the British India Steam Navigation Co Ltd. Yard number 601, she was launched on 19 May 1924. She was allocated the United Kingdom Official Number 147685 and the Code Letters GKLB.
Takliwa was employed on the Calcutta, India - Japan service. In January 1927, she transported troops of the 2nd Battalion, The Durham Light Infantry to Calcutta and then to Hong Kong. The Chinese Civil War was then brewing, and the troops were taken on to Shanghai.
Takliwa served on the India–Japan route until 1933. She then served between the United Kingdom and Bombay, India via Mombasa, Kenya. Takliwa was in Bombay when the Second World War started. In 1940, she was requisitioned by the Ministry of War Transport for use as a troopship. Between September 1939 and July 1943, she sailed the Indian Ocean. From July 1943 to August 1944, Takliwa mostly sailed the Mediterranean. Takliwa was a member of Convoy KMS 31, which departed from Gibraltar on 10 November and arrived at Port Said, Egypt on 21 November. She joined the convoy at Oran, Algeria. On 11 November 1943, Takliwa was damaged in an attack on the convoy by Dornier Do 217 aircraft of Kampfgeschwader 100 and Heinkel He 111 & Junkers Ju 88 aircraft of Kampfgeschwader 26. She put into Algiers. In August 1944, she took part in Operation Dragoon, although it is not recorded how many troops she transported as a member of Convoy TF 1. Following Operation Dragoon, she continued sailing the Mediterranean until June 1945, when she returned to Bombay.
In 1945, she was converted to a hospital ship and assisted in the repatriation of prisoners of war from Hong Kong to India. She departed from Hong Kong on 5 October, on what was to be her final voyage. On 16 October, whilst repatriating ex-PoWs from Hong Kong to Madras, Takliwa ran aground at Indira Point, Great Nicobar, Indonesia and caught fire. A distress call was issued which was answered by HMS Sainfoin. All 1,083 people on board were rescued, as well as the ship's cat. Takliwa burnt out and broke up, a total loss.
# Xavier Sabata

Xavier Sabata Corominas (born 1976 in Avià, Catalonia) is a Spanish operatic countertenor.

## Discography

* I Dilettanti - cantatas and arias by Emanuele d'Astorga, Giacomo Maccari, Benedetto Marcello, Giovanni Maria Ruggieri. Latinitas nostra, Markellos Chryssikos, Aparté - AP093
* Handel: Bad Guys - Il Pomo d'Oro, Riccardo Minasi, Aparté - AP048
* The 5 Countertenors - singing Porpora: Tu, spietato, non farai cader vittima (from Ifigenia in Aulide) and Handel: Voi che udite il mio lamento (from Agrippina), with Yuriy Minenko, Max Emanuel Cencic, Valer Barna-Sabadus, Vince Yi, Armonia Atenea, George Petrou, Decca - 4788094
* Amore X Amore, Viaggio in Italia, Handel cantatas - Xavier Sabata, Forma Antiqua, Winter and Winter - 9101622
* Le Jardin des Voix - Les Arts Florissants, William Christie
* Cavalli: Miracolo D’amore - Love Airs and Duets by Francesco Cavalli. Raquel Andueza (soprano) & Xavier Sabata (countertenor), La Galanía. Anima E Corpo - AEC006 2016
* Catharsis - arias by Ariosti, Caldara, Conti, Handel, Hasse, Orlandini, Sarro, Pietro Torri, Vivaldi. Armonia Atenea, George Petrou, Aparté - AP143 2017

### Selected opera recordings

* Handel: Arminio - Xavier Sabata (as Tullio), George Petrou, Decca - 4788764
* Vivaldi: L'Oracolo in Messenia - Xavier Sabata (as Alessandro), Europa Galante, Fabio Biondi, Erato - 6025472
* Cavalli: La Didone - Xavier Sabata (as Larba), Les Arts Florissants, William Christie & Clément Hervieu-Léger (director), Recorded live at the Théâtre de Caen, October 2011 Opus Arte - OABD7106D
* Stefano Landi: Il Sant'Alessio - Xavier Sabata. Orchestra and Chorus of Les Arts Florissants, William Christie, Erato - 5189999
* Handel: Faramondo - Xavier Sabata (Gernando), Choeur de la Radio Suisse, Lugano & I Barocchisti, Diego Fasolis, Erato - 2166112
* Cesti: Orontea - Xavier Sabata (Alidoro), Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester, Ivor Bolton Oehms - OC965
* Handel: Tamerlano - Xavier Sabata (Tamerlano), Minasi Naive - V5373
* Handel: Alessandro - Xavier Sabata (Tassile), Armonia Atenea, George Petrou, Decca - 4784699
* Handel: Ottone - Xavier Sabata (Adalberto), Max Emanuel Cenčić, Lauren Snouffer, Pavel Kudinov, Decca - 4831814
# Xavier Ros-Oton

Xavier Ros Oton (Barcelona, 1988) is a Spanish mathematician who works on partial differential equations (PDEs). He is an ICREA Research Professor and a Full Professor at the University of Barcelona.

## Research

His research is mainly focused on topics related to the regularity of solutions to nonlinear elliptic and parabolic PDE. Some of his main contributions have been in the context of free boundary problems, integro-differential equations, and the Calculus of Variations.

## Career

He earned his Bachelor's and master's degree at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya in 2010 and 2011, and completed his PhD in 2014 under the supervision of Xavier Cabré. He then moved to the University of Texas at Austin, where he was an R. H. Bing Instructor, and worked with Alessio Figalli and Luis Caffarelli. After that, he was an assistant professor at the University of Zurich. Since 2020, Ros-Oton is an ICREA Research Professor at the University of Barcelona.
He is a member of the editorial board of scientific journals, including Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations and Collectanea Mathematica.
In October 2022 was elected Académico Correspondiente of the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences. He is the youngest member of the academy.

## Honors and awards

In 2017, he received both the Rubio de Francia Prize from the Royal Spanish Mathematical Society and the Antonio Valle Prize from the Spanish Society of Applied Mathematics. In 2018, he was the youngest PI of an ERC Starting Grant. Then, in 2019, he received the Scientific Research Award from the Fundacion Princesa de Girona.
In 2021 he was awarded the Stampacchia Gold Medal in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of Calculus of Variations.
In 2023 was awarded with the Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize for the book "Integro-Differential Elliptic Equations", with X. Fernandez-Real.
In 2023 the government of China at the International Congress of Basic Science give to him the Frontiers of Science Awards, international prize given to 86 papers in all areas of Mathematics published in 2018–2022. Awarded twice for the articles "Generic regularity of free boundaries for the obstacle problem" and "Stable solutions to semilinear elliptic equations are smooth up to dimension 9".
In 2023 was awarded by the Spanish Government with the "Premio Nacional de Investigación para Jóvenes 2023 en Matemáticas y Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones".
He has been the PI of an ERC Consolidator Grant (2024-2029).

## Selected publications

* Figalli, A.; Ros-Oton, X.; Serra, J. (2024). The singular set in the Stefan problem. J. Amer. Math. Soc. 37, 305-389.
* Figalli, A.; Ros-Oton, X.; Serra, J. (2020). Generic regularity of free boundaries for the obstacle problem. Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 132, 181–292.
* Cabré, X.; Figalli, A.; Ros-Oton, X.; Serra, J. (2020). Stable solutions to semilinear elliptic equations are smooth up to dimension 9. Acta Math. 224, 187–252.
* Caffarelli, L.; Ros-Oton, X.; Serra, J. (2017). Obstacle problems for integro-differential operators: regularity of solutions and free boundaries. Invent. Math. 208, 1155–1211.
# Xie Lihua

Xie Lihua (Chinese: 谢丽华; born 19 July 1965) is a Chinese long-distance runner. She competed in the women's 10,000 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# SS John B. Gordon

SS John B. Gordon was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after John B. Gordon, a Confederate States Army general, United States Senator from Georgia, and 53rd Governor of Georgia.

## Construction

John B. Gordon was laid down on 6 September 1943, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 1504, by J.A. Jones Construction, Brunswick, Georgia; sponsored by Mrs. Charles I. Allan, sister-in-law of J.A. Jones acting president, Edwin Jones, and launched on 16 November 1943.

## History

She was allocated to T.J. Stevenson & Co., Inc., on 26 November 1943. On 18 May 1946, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet in the James River Group, Lee Hall, Virginia. On 15 September 1959, she was sold to Bethlehem Steel, for $71,781, for scrapping. She was delivered on 23 September 1959.
# Xylecata hemixantha

Xylecata hemixantha is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon and Rwanda.
# Sa'-ro

Sa'-ro is a dice game played by the Negritos of the Zambales region of the Philippines.
Two small wooden cubes are used as dice, each marked with lines incised on its sides. One set recorded by William Allan Reed in his 1904 book Negritos of Zambales had faces of I, II, III, X, + and #.
The player has five chances to throw the two dice. If the player pairs the dice, he or she wins (Reed does not clarify if the game ends immediately after pairing the dice, or if all five throws are taken regardless). If the player cannot pair the dice within five throws, the game ends as a loss.
Wagers are made usually for small items such as camotes, rough-made cigars, and tobacco leaves. Reed noticed that Roman numerals and modern symbols were used on the dice, but upon inquiry with the Negritos and the surrounding Filipino groups, the game appears to be very old having been handed down by the ancestors of the Negritos and observed when the surrounding Filipinos were first acquainted with the Negritos.
# Xubida punctilineella

Xubida punctilineella is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1913. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida.
# Sacramento Senators

Sacramento Senators may refer to:
* Sacramento Senators (baseball)
* Sacramento Senators (soccer)
# SS Regina (1904)

SS Regina was a tanker built in Belfast in 1904 that sank on March 8, 1940, near Bradenton Beach, United States. Her wreck is located in the Gulf of Mexico, 75 yards (69 meters) off Bradenton Beach. In April 2005, the wreck became the tenth Florida Underwater Archaeological Preserve. On December 6, 2005, it was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places.
# Xylorycta parabolella

Xylorycta parabolella is a moth in the family Xyloryctidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria.
The wingspan is 25–29 mm. The forewings are silvery white with a moderate deep yellow-ochreous longitudinal streak above the middle from the base to the apex. There is a broader similar stripe near the inner margin from the base throughout, touching the inner margin at one-third, at the extremity continued upwards more narrowly along the hindmargin to meet the upper streak at the apex. The hindwings are grey, the extreme apex whitish ochreous.
The larvae feed on Banksia marginata. They bore in the old flower spikes of their host plant.
# YGLP

YGLP (Young Global Leadership Program) is an international leadership program for university and high school students.
It is founded and developed by Human Science Lab, London, with support from several foundations and transnational organisations. It uses outcomes from some of its core research on human cognition, leadership and critical thinking.
YGLP is run in five regional groupings – Asia, Americas, Europe, Africa and the Oceania.

## Scientific Framework

Various research programs on human cognition, leadership, critical thinking, physical spatiality and intelligence at Human Science Lab, London, provides the scientific framework for YGLP.
YGLP is based on the Four Step Leadership Theory formulated at Human Science Lab. According to the theory “the leadership achievement of an individual is proportional to the optimal use of four principal components that makes a leader – motivation, planning, energising and executing”. YGLP is designed to optimise this four key leadership component with each program module focusing on a single component.

## YGLP Fellow Program

YGLP is executed through two fellow programs. The YGLP Senior fellow program is meant for university students in the age of 19 to 25 years and the Junior fellow program is for high school student in the age of 13 to 19 years. Eligible students for YGLP fellow program are selected through a leadership aptitude evaluation process.

## Program Overview

The YGLP fellow program is made of four core modules and one non-core module involving various instructional and resource materials, leadership workshops and leadership conferences.

## YGLP Asia

YGLP is run in 44 Asian countries and 2 Special Administrative Regions as YGLP Asia.
# Sacahuista

Sacahuista (foaled 1984 in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred Champion racehorse. She is a descendant of Nearco through both her Champion sire Bold Ruler, as well as through her dam Nalees Flying Flag.
Sacahuista was purchased as a yearling for $670,000 by future National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame inductee D. Wayne Lukas for owners Barry Beal and Lloyd French, Jr. Sacahuista made nine starts at age two, of which she won four and was second in three. Sent off as the parimutuel betting favorite in the 1986 Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies at Santa Anita Park under jockey Laffit Pincay, Jr., she finished fourth behind winner Brave Raj.
When she raced at age three, Sacahuista's official record shows she won two of nine starts but in fact she finished first in both the Cotillion Handicap and the Ruffian Handicap but was disqualified for interference. Under jockey Randy Romero, she then won the Grade I Spinster Stakes before capturing the Breeders' Cup Distaff at Hollywood Park Racetrack. Sacahuista's 1987 performances earned her the Eclipse Award as American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly.
Before being retired to broodmare duty, Sacahuista raced three times at age four. Her best result was a second. Of her offspring, from sire Red Ransom she notably produced millionaire runner Ekraar, who won multiple stakes races in Europe, including the Italian Group One Gran Premio del Jockey Club. Through her mating to Mr. Prospector, Sacahuista is also the dam of the successful Australian-based sire Hussonet.