OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Predoctoral fellow

In academia, a predoctoral fellow is a person combining study for a doctorate with some form of paid research or work, in other words a paid doctoral student. The term is only used in some parts of the world.

## Europe

Across EU, typically a pre-doctoral fellow is somebody already registered in a PhD program at a host university to work together with a full professor in a certain topic of research. Upon completion of the research work and other requirements (e.g. graduate courses/exams, see: all but dissertation), the pre-doctoral fellow can submit the thesis to the doctoral committee for review and upon passing the review is asked to defend the thesis in a public presentation for conferral of PhD degree.

## North America (USA/Canada)

In the USA a predoctoral fellow (pre-doc) is a researcher who has a master's degree (or equivalent university graduate education), but not a doctorate, but is enrolled in a preparatory program at university for admission to PhD (doctoral degree program) and often granted a stipend. As the name implies, predoctoral fellows often use their time as a fellow to develop their skills and résumé before applying to graduate school for a doctoral degree. They differ from other research employees (research associates) in that they primarily pursue research, rather than maintain the day-to-day function of a research facility, and may have external funding to support their research or educational activities, but typically are also reliant on the support of a research mentor whose lab they work in.
Predocs also refer to predoctoral (that is, before Ph.D.) research positions held at universities and research institutions as a transition, to doctoral studies. In recent times, for instance, the path to a PhD in Economics and Business often contemplates a period of research assistantship for faculty or researchers at universities and research institutions. Such predoc research assistantship programs are available at many universities, business schools, and research institutions.
# The Volunteer Arms, Barton-upon-Humber

The Volunteer Arms is a grade II listed building and working public house in Barton-upon-Humber, North Lincolnshire, England.
# Thomas R. Smith

Thomas R. Smith may refer to:
* Thomas Roger Smith (1830–1903), English architect
* Thomas Rudolph Smith (1869–1958), English surgeon
* Thomas R. Smith (poet)
# Spring Festival Suite

Spring Festival Suite (Chinese: 春節組曲; pinyin: Chūnjié Zǔqǔ) is a Chinese orchestral work composed by Li Huanzhi (李焕之) between 1955 and 1956, depicting the scene when folks in Shanbei region were celebrating the Chinese New Year (Spring Festival). The tune is widely heard primarily in Mainland China, where it appears frequently in school music textbooks, as well as being played on various festive occasions. The most known movement of the suite is the first movement, the overture. It is often played by its own, and is known as the Spring Festival Overture (Chinese: 春節序曲).
In 2007 the overture of the work was selected to be carried and broadcast into space on China's first lunar probe, Chang'e 1.

## Instrumentation

The suite calls for piccolo, two flutes, two oboes, cor anglais, two clarinets in B-flat, two bassoons, four horns in F, two trumpets in B-flat, three trombones, tuba, three timpani, cymbals, triangle, various Chinese percussion instruments, celeste, harp, first and second violins, violas, celli, and double basses.

## Structure

The suite is in four movements, marked as follows:
* “Overture – Da Yang Ge (Chinese: 序曲—大秧歌)”, Allegro con fuoco – Moderato grazioso – Allegro
* Andante cantabile
* Rondo
* Moderato
The first movement overture -- Yangko, is a complex trilogy. The allegro is composed of two folk suona tunes in northern Shaanxi. The middle part is the medium plate, Shanbei Yangko tone, by the oboe and cello successively played melody; Finally, the main music is replayed in full by the trumpet lead band.
The second movement of the love song is a cantabile andante. It begins with an English wind lead. Then came the theme of love song in Northern Shaanxi. After repeating the love song for six times, it gradually returns to the theme of the signature mode answered by the violin and cello, and finally reproduces the lead tone through the connecting sentence.
The third movement disc song is a roundabout type waltz. It is composed of a theme symbolizing the happy gathering of the people in the festival and two subtopics as the first and second part of the contrast. The tones are all from the Yangko key material of leading Shanbei singing.
The fourth movement is a three-part lantern club, medium plate, and the main music is derived from the folk conformation music of northern Shaanxi Suona (" Dabai Team "). The middle part of the Yangko tune "Picking pumpkins", "land boat" overlapping tones appear, the performance of Yangko in the small scene. The end part reproduces the main music, adding the warm Yangko gongs and drums rhythm to end the whole piece.
The first movement was often performed later under the title of the Spring Festival Overture.
# Ureaplasma felinum

Ureaplasma felinum is a species of Ureaplasma, a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae. It has been isolated from cats. It possesses the sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: D78651.
# Podocarpus lophatus

Podocarpus lophatus is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found only in the Philippines. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Ogcodinae

Ogcodinae is a subfamily of the Acroceridae (small-headed flies). Their larvae are endoparasites of araneomorph spiders in the subgroup Entelegynae.

## Genera

The subfamily includes one extant genus and one extinct:
* †Glaesoncodes Hennig, 1968
* Ogcodes Latreille, 1796
# Poecilasthena pulchraria

Poecilasthena pulchraria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Australia and New Zealand. It was first described by Edward Doubleday in 1843 and named Acidalia pulchraria.
The green looping caterpillars feed on the flowers, developing fruits and older foliage of Astroloma species in Australia and on Leucopogon fasciculatus in New Zealand.
# Strangeloop Networks

Strangeloop Networks Inc develops the Strangeloop Site Optimizer software tool. Strangeloop Networks was founded in 2006, by twin brothers Jonathan Bixby and Joshua Bixby, with Richard Campbell, Kent Alstad, and Lee Purvis. The company's first product offering was the Strangeloop AS1000, a delivery-focused accelerator for ASP.NET. Strangeloop Networks is headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia. Strangeloop Networks was acquired by Radware in February 2013.
# Mlimani, Handeni

Mlimani is an administrative ward in Handeni Town Council of the Tanga Region in Tanzania. It covers an area of 49.6 km$^2$ (19.2 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 766 m (2,513 ft). As of the 2012 census, the population is 5,252.
# Mnemonist Orchestra (album)

Mnemonist Orchestra is the eponymously titled debut studio album of the free improvisation ensemble Mnemonist Orchestra, released in 1979 by Dys Records.

## Background

The album was recorded in March 1979 by a group of friends and collaborators coming from diverse backgrounds, including musicians, visual artists, and scientists. Interested in the possibilities of spontaneous interaction among a diverse group, they intended the album to be an exploration of the effects of technological saturation on society, particularly upon children. The music drew heavily from musique concrète and film music, both of which would continue to influence the ensemble's future works.

## Personnel

Adapted from the Mnemonist Orchestra liner notes.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1979 | Dys | LP | DYS 01 |
# Mitromorpha paula

Mitromorpha paula is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitromorphidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 3.8 mm, its diameter 1.5 mm.
(Original description) The minute, solid shell consists of 4½ whorls, including a blunt protoconch of 2 whorls,. The whorls of the protoconch are convex and apparently smooth, but microscopically granular, separated by a linear suture. It ends abruptly, and from within it issue the spirals of the first spire-whorls. Perfect specimens show the granules in very close-set spiral rows. The spire whorls are slightly convex, with eight spiral lirae. The sutures are simple. The body whorl is arge, tapering anteriorly. The aperture is elongate-oval and rather widely open in front. The outer lip is simple, crenulated outside by the sculpture, slightly convex in profile, with a minute round, shallow sinus close to the suture. The inner lip is a complete narrow glaze. The sculpture shows twenty-three spiral lirae, flat-topped, half as wide as the interspaces, axially faintly incised. The colour is cinnamon-brown, lighter in a band on the prominence of the whorls.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off South Australia.
# Thomas Triplett

Thomas Triplett (1602–1670) was an English churchman and teacher, a Canon at Westminster Abbey from 1662 and by his death in 1670 Sub-Dean there. Triplett was a schoolmaster in Hayes, Middlesex during the Commonwealth period, when cathedrals and canonries were abolished; there is a school in Hayes named after him.

## Early life

Thomas Triplett was christened on 6 April 1602, at St Nicholas Cole Abbey, London (near St Paul's Cathedral), the son of Robert Triplett, Master of the Stationers Company of London, and Margery (Cartwright). Triplett was educated at St Paul's School, London and Christ Church, Oxford where he graduated M.A. in 1625.

## Early career

In the 1630s Triplett was rector of various parishes in County Durham in the north of England, including Washington (where George Washington's ancestors originated). He was appointed to a canonry at York in 1641, another at Salisbury in 1645, and yet another at Durham in 1648 or 1649.

## Commonwealth period and after

Triplett's career was interrupted by the English Civil War and the Commonwealth period, when cathedrals and canonries were abolished. He had to earn his living as a schoolmaster, first in Dublin, and then in Hayes, Middlesex, where there remains a school named after him, Dr Triplett's. When King Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660 cathedrals were re-established, and in 1662 Triplett was made a Canon of Westminster Abbey. By his death in 1670 he was Sub-Dean.

## Death

Triplett does not appear to have been married. Most of his estate at his death was left to his sister Katherine Warne and her three children, then living in Ireland. He founded two charities: one to help apprentices from Washington and nearby places in County Durham; the other to help apprentices from Hayes in Middlesex, Petersham and Richmond, and scholars at Westminster School. Both these charities still exist. In his will he mentioned his relatives in Oxfordshire: cousin Christopher and his brother Richard Triplett; Henry Triplett, son of Paul; and another cousin, Ralph Triplett. His large collection of books left to various people show he must have been a scholar, though no writings are known. Several books with his signature are in the library at Westminster Abbey - he signed his name Triplet.
Triplett is buried in Poets' Corner at Westminster Abbey. His white marble monument is on the west wall of the South Transept. At the top of the monument is a carving (uncoloured) of his coat of arms: a hind courant, pierced through the neck with an arrow, a chief indented (see Heraldry). His Latin epitaph can be translated as follows:
Here rests the Reverend Doctor Thomas Triplett, of the county of Oxford, prebendary of this church: who, right through to his seventieth year of age, made himself dear to God by his piety and constant devotion; to the Learned, by his uncommon skill in the Greek language; to the Poor, by his generosity and continual good works; and to All, by the innocent charm of his character; and finally passed from this life to a better one, on the 18th of July A.D. 1670.
# St. Gerard Church, The Valley

St. Gerard Church is a religious building located in the town of The Valley, capital of the British overseas territory of Anguilla, in the Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea.
The temple follows the Roman or Latin rite and depends on the Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint John's – Basseterre (Dioecesis Sancti Ioannis Imatellurana) which was created in 1971 by Pope Paul VI by the Bull "Cum nobis" and is headquartered in the city of St.John's in Antigua and Barbuda.
The Catholic community organised in this place dates back to 1948 when a small chapel was built; the structure was destroyed by a hurricane in 1961. Catholics gathered at the site known as Wallblake House until 1966 when the present church was completed.
# Podocarpus madagascariensis

Podocarpus madagascariensis is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found only in Madagascar.
It is found in moist forests and shrublands in eastern and central Madagascar, from sea level up to 2,400 meters elevation. It occurs in the Madagascar lowland forests and montane Madagascar subhumid forests ecoregions, mostly in broadleaved evergreen forests. In the subhumid forests ecoregion, it is found in humid evergreen forest, montane sclerophyllous forest, and ridgetop shrublands. It is generally a canopy tree, and in the lowland forests it grow up to 20 to 25 meters high. On exposed ridges and high-elevation shrublands it forms a stunted tree or shrub.
# Shadowgraphy

Shadowgraphy may refer to:
* Shadowgraphy (performing art), using hand shadows
* Shadow play or shadow puppetry, performing art using cut-out figures
* Radiography, the use of X-rays
* Shadowgraph or shadowgram, an optical method that reveals non-uniformities in transparent media
* Optical comparator, a device that creates silhouettes of manufactured parts for inspection
* Shadowgraph, an electromagnetic and optical device once used as an alternative to magic eye tube
# Ver de terre

Ver de terre (plural: vers de terre) is French for earthworm.
It can also refer to any of the caecilians found in the Seychelles, namely:
* Grandisonia alternans
* Grandisonia brevis
* Grandisonia larvata
* Grandisonia sechellensis
* Hypogeophis rostratus
* Praslinia cooperi
# USS Palos

USS Palos may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
* USS Palos (1865), a tug built in 1865 and later converted to a gunboat. She was decommissioned in 1893.
* USS Palos (PG-16), a gunboat built for service in China's Yangtze River. She was decommissioned in 1937.
# Stow Bardolph railway station

Stow Bardolph railway station, in the parish of Stow Bardolph, Norfolk, served the villages of Stow Bardolph and Stowbridge. It closed in 1963.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Downham Market Line and station open | | Great Eastern Railway Fen Line | | Holme Line open, station closed |
The Lynn & Ely Railway Bill received the Royal Assent on 30 June 1845. Work started on the line in 1846 and the line and its stations were opened on 27 October 1846. Stow Station opened with the line and was situated South of Holme Gate Station and north of Downham Station. The line ran from Ely to Downham, the eventual destination being Ely.
# Strelasund

The Strelasund or Strela Sound is a sound or lagoon of the Baltic Sea which separates Rügen from the German mainland. It is crossed by a bridge called the Strelasund Crossing from Stralsund. It runs northwest to southeast from a small shallow bay just north of Stralsund called the Kubitzer Bodden through to another such bay, the Greifswalder Bodden in the southeast. The sound is nowhere much more than 3 km wide, reaching its greatest width towards its southeast end. It is roughly 25 km long.
The only island of any size in the Strelasund is Dänholm just off Stralsund, which carries part of the Rügendamm across the sound.
On the Rügen side, the shore is in many places steep, although this is punctuated by lower shorelines with reed beds in some places. On the mainland side, however, the shores are overridingly flat.
The Strelasund has been the site of two battles. The first in 1362 and the second in 1369 both pitted Danish king Valdemar IV against the Hanseatic fleet. Differences between the two parties were settled by the Treaty of Stralsund in 1370.
# Streetcar railway post office

Streetcar railway post office (RPO) routes operated in several major US cities between the 1890s and 1920s. The final route was in Baltimore, Maryland. The Mobile Post Office Society, Affiliate 64 of the American Philatelic Society, has published monographs detailing the operational history of each route.
These were cars that had interior fixtures similar to railway-route RPOs. One or two clerks worked in the streetcar RPO to sort mail for post office stations and branches along the route, as well as connecting RPOs that served the city.

## Cities with streetcar railway post offices

* Baltimore
* Boston
* Brooklyn
* Chicago
* Cincinnati
* Cleveland
* New York City
* Philadelphia
* Pittsburgh
* Rochester, New York
* St. Louis
* San Francisco
* Seattle
* Washington, D.C.
# Stranger on the Loose

Stranger on the Loose (2003) is the second book by American author D. Harlan Wilson. It contains twenty-seven irreal short stories and flash fiction as well as a novella, "Igsnay Bürdd the Animal Trainer." Pieces in this collection originally appeared in magazines and journals such as Eclectica Magazine, The Dream People, Locus Novus, 3 A.M. Magazine, Jack Magazine, Diagram, Riverbabble and Redsine. The book is illustrated by British storyboard artist Simon Duric.
# Stratford Toney Down

Stratford Toney Down (grid reference SU095246) is a 23.1 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire, England, which was notified in 1987. The site lies in a shallow dry valled in the south of Stratford Tony parish, about 5 miles (7.5 km) south-west of Salisbury. It is important for the botanically rich chalk grassland – mainly sheep's fescue and meadow oat-grass – which supports several nationally rare plant and butterfly species.
# Strout, Minnesota

Strout is an unincorporated community in Greenleaf Township, Meeker County, Minnesota, United States, near Litchfield. The community is located near the junction of Meeker County Roads 1 and 28. Strout is currently home to seven different families with a total population of 25 people.
Strout was home to the locally known duo Max and Quackers. Max is a Siberian Husky that currently lives with a family residing in the community. Max was adopted at the age of 5. He quickly made friends with the family's other husky Sasha. Max became depressed when Sasha died. Shortly after, the family adopted Quackers the duck as a chick who had also lost his family. To pass the time, Max often sat next to Quackers' pen where they bonded. The two could be seen walking along Meeker County Road 28. Max and Quackers were featured on various local news stations including CBS Minnesota in 2017.
The Strout General Store was opened by Jake Hess and his wife Hilda (Anderson) Hess. Jake worked as a carpenter out of the general merchandise store during this time. Jake died in 1970, followed by Hilda's death in 1973. The original building is currently resided in by a local Strout family and no longer operates as a general store.
# Stray Dog (Hal Crook album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Stray Dog was Hal Crook's sixth album as a leader. It was recorded live at Club AS220 in Providence, Rhode Island, where Crook's band held a recurring Tuesday night gig for several years. Crook plays his signature "Trom-o-Tizer," which consists of a trombone with a small microphone directing its signal through a digital effects unit, allowing him to access various effects including chorus, delay, and a 5-voice digital harmonizer.

## Track listing

* Bushwacker — 5:47
* Gizmosis — 2:15
* Walter's World — 7:15
* Stray Dog (Part 1) — 9:28
* Repulse Impulse — 4:41
* Teen Mind — 4:52
* Pervert — 9:33
* Stray Dog (Part 2) — 5:53
* Um — 12:38

## Personnel

* Hal Crook — Trom-o-Tizer
* Rick Peckham — guitar
* John Medeski — organ
* Dave Zinno — bass
* Bob Gullotti — drums
# Streptomyces yanglinensis

Streptomyces yanglinensis is an acidophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a pine forest in Yanglin in the Yunnan province in China.
# Stringfellow (surname)

Stringfellow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow (1816–1891), American Attorney general and businessman
* Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow (1840–1913), Confederate spy
* Clinton Stringfellow (1905–1959), New Zealand rugby union player
* Douglas R. Stringfellow, American politician
* Ian Stringfellow, English footballer
* James Stringfellow, one-time owner of the Stringfellow Acid Pits
* Joe Stringfellow (1918–1992), American football player
* John Stringfellow (1799–1883), English designer and flight pioneer
* Ken Stringfellow, American musician
* Lessie Stringfellow Read (1891–1971), American journalist, clubwoman
* Mike Stringfellow, English-born footballer who played for Leicester in the 1960s and 1970s
* Olga Stringfellow, New Zealand novelist
* Peter Stringfellow, English nightclub owner
* Peter Stringfellow (footballer), English footballer
* Savanté Stringfellow, American athlete
* Thomas Stringfellow, singer-songwriter
* Thornton Stringfellow, US Baptist clergyman, defender of slavery
* William Stringfellow (1928–1985), American theologian
# Striped ground squirrel

Striped ground squirrel may refer to the following squirrels:
* The thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus or Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), a North American species
* Lariscus, a Southeast Asian genus of four species
* Xerus erythropus, an African species.
# Stäbelow

Stäbelow is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
# Stäbler (coin)

A Stäbler or Stebler was a coin struck and issued by the city of Basel in Switzerland in 1373 after it had obtained minting rights. The coins depict the Basel staff (bishop's staff), the coat of arms of the city of Basel. They are square in shape, struck on one side only and weigh about 0.15 grams of silver fine weight. The coin design appears in high relief, while the reverse remains blank and is referred to in numismatics as a bracteate (hollow coin).
Initially, the Stäbler was worth half a Pfennig or one Haller. After the founding of the Rappenmünzbund coinage union, the name was transferred to the Rappen coin and was increasingly applied to other types of pfennig; for the different values see the article in the Swiss Idiotikon. Stäblers were also minted by other Swiss mints, but they were of lower value than the Rappenmünzbund issue. Stäblers and Rappen (Zweiling - "two-ers") were initially the only silver denominations of the Rappenmünzbund, larger financial transactions were settled with the Goldguldens. The Stäbler was used as a means of payment up until the 16th century.

## Literature

* Stäbler in Swiss Idiotikon, Volume X, Column 1060 ff.
* Benedikt Zäch: 'Stäbler' in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.