OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thermosome

A thermosome is a group II chaperonin protein complex that functions in archaea. It is the homolog of eukaryotic CCT. This group II chaperonin is an ATP-dependent chaperonin that is responsible for folding or refolding of incipient or denatured proteins. A thermosome has two rings, each consisting of eight subunits, stacked together to form a cylindrical shape with a large cavity at the center. The thermosome is also defined by its heterooligomeric nature. The complex consists of two subunits that alternate location within its two rings.
Being a Group II chaperonin, the thermosome has a similar structure to group I chaperonins. The main difference, however, lies in the existence of a helical protrusion in the thermosome which composes of a built-in lid of the hydrophilic cavity. Not only is thermosome ATP-dependent, but the mechanism in which thermosome shifts from open to close conformation is also temperature-dependent. The open conformation of the ATP-thermosome exists mainly at low temperatures. Whereas, the closed conformation of the thermosome occurs when heating to physiological temperature.
Similar to the GroEL chaperonins in bacteria, the thermosome shows negative cooperativity since the two rings of the thermosome show different affinities for the binding of ATP. However, unlike the GroEL system, the thermosome is less affected by the concentration of ATP. In the absence of ATP, the thermosome does not have a preference for the T-state over the R-state. There is, however, an inhibition for the loading of the second ring when ADP is bound to the first ring.
The N-terminus and C-terminus of thermosomes are arranged in an anti-parallel fashion and their interactions form part of the intra-ring interactions. Both the N-terminus and C-terminus of the thermosome have charged residues which interact with each other to contribute to the thermal stability of the thermosome. The cpn-α and cpn-β thermosomes specifically show maximum thermal stability in the pH range of 7.0 to 8.0 because this is the range where the charged N- and C-termini residues have net charges close to zero. Under lower or high pH conditions, these residues are charged and repelled each other which negatively affect thermal stability. This shows one possible way in which pH affects the stability of the thermosome.
# Sant Cugat

Sant Cugat is Catalan for Saint Cucuphas and may refer to:
* Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
** Sant Cugat Museum
** Sant Cugat (Barcelona–Vallès Line), a railway station
* Sant Cugat Sesgarrigues, Spain
# Tlacojalpan

Tlacojalpan is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz, about 175 km (109 mi) from the state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 91.30 km2. It is located at 18°14′N 95°57′W﻿ / ﻿18.233°N 95.950°W﻿ / 18.233; -95.950.

## Name

The name comes from the language Náhuatl, Tlahco-xal-pan; that means “In the half of the sandbank".

## Geography

The municipality of Tlacojalpan is delimited to the north by Cosamaloapan, to the east by Tuxtilla, to the south by Oaxaca State and to the west by Otatitlán. It is watered by creeks that are tributaries of the Papaloapan River.
The weather in Tlacojalpan is very warm and wet all year with rains in summer and autumn.

## Agriculture

It produces principally maize, beans, rice, sugarcane and mango.

## Celebrations

In Tlacojalpan, in January takes place the celebration in honor to San Cristobal, Patron of the town, and in December takes place the celebration in honor to Virgen de Guadalupe.
# Synonymy in Japanese

There are many synonyms in Japanese because the Japanese language draws from several different languages for loanwords, notably Chinese and English, as well as its own native words. In Japanese, synonyms are called dōgigo (kanji: 同義語) or ruigigo (kanji: 類義語).
Full synonymy, however, is rare. In general, native Japanese words may have broader meanings than those that are borrowed, Sino-Japanese words tend to suggest a more formal tone, while Western borrowed words more modern.

## Yamato kotoba vs. kango vs. gairaigo

The table below compares native Japanese words, inherited from Old Japanese – yamato kotoba – with words borrowed from Chinese – kango – and loanwords from other languages – gairaigo.
| Yamato kotoba | Kango | Gairaigo | Meaning |
| 大きさ / おおきさ / ōkisa | 大小 / だいしょう / daishō | サイズ / saizu | size |
| 速さ / はやさ / hayasa | 速度 / そくど / sokudo | スピード / supīdo | speed |
| 殺し屋 / ころしや / koroshiya | 殺人者 / さつじんしゃ / satsujinsha | キラー / kirā | killer |

## Native synonyms

| Word #1 (kanji+hiragana / hiragana only / rōmaji) | Word #2 | Meaning |
| 食べる / たべる / taberu | 食う / くう / kuu | to eat |
| 走る / はしる / hashiru | 駆ける / かける / kakeru | to run |
| 話す / はなす / hanasu | 喋る / しゃべる / shaberu | to talk |
# Rögling

Rögling is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany.
# Pomarolo

Pomarolo (Pomaròl in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino located around 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Trento in the northern Italian region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.

## Overview

The municipality of Pomarolo contains the subdivisions Chiusole and Savignano. Pomarolo borders the cities of Cimone, Aldeno, Villa Lagarina, Nomi, Volano, and Rovereto. Pomarolo is a community in the province of Trento which sits near the Adige river and at the foot of Mt Cimana. Cabernet, Merlot, Sauvignon blanc and Schiava vineyards are prevalent in the surrounding area, as are fruit orchards. On the Eastern side of the village there are the ancient remains of the Castel Barco, which still dominates Vallagarina. The town boasts an agricultural base dating back to antiquity, being a "fundus" of Roman origin. In antiquity, as today, fruit trees and vines constituted the main agricultural production. In the 15th century, during the Venetian rule of the area, Pomarolo as in the rest of Vallagarina mulberry was cultivated until the mid-1950s. The area surrounding Pomarolo is well known for its truffle fungi, particularly Savignano.

## Etymology

The name stems from the Vulgar Latin word "pomarium" meaning fruit orchard.

## Coat of arms

The town coat of arms was formalised on September 1, 1980, and was derived from 18th century seals. It depicts an apple orchard with golden fruits, with a silver background and red fields. The motto, "Ex fructibus arbos" alludes to the town name, this is also found on the church of San Cristoforo's apse, dating from the 18th century. Pomarolo's ancient inhabitants chose S. Cristoforo as patron and protector against natural calamities.

## History

A road at the right of the river Adige cuts through the old village has always been the main thoroughfare. Pomarolo was the capital town in Vallagarina both in Roman and High Medieval periods.
Lothar III, German king and Holy Roman emperor, destroyed it in 1136. During Roman rule, Pomarolo was the “Comun Comunale”, which manages administration, regulations, public order, agriculture, upkeep of infrastructure and the management of Pomarolo' surrounding towns.
Castel Barco provided the military presence in the area by lodging a garrison there. Pomarolo is also the birthplace of the eponymous noble family that had a great role in local and Trentino history. Taken over in the 15th century, The Castel Barco was destroyed by Emperor Maximilian I during the Venetian Republic invasion of 1508.
In 1330 a hospice for pilgrims was annexed to the San Antonio church, but was later converted to hospital, then retreat for monks.

## Notable people

* Felice Fontana
* Gregorio Fontana
# Yves Verhoeven

Yves Verhoeven (born 27 October 1961) is a French actor. He has appeared in more than eighty films since 1989.
# RBM6

RNA-binding protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBM6 gene. RBM6 orthologs have been identified in all mammals for which complete genome data are available.
RBM6 splicing factor interacts with the DNA repair protein RAD51, and is also recruited to DNA double-strand breaks where it promotes homologous recombinational repair.
# Oestrohystricia

Oestrohystricia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Oestrohystricia subalpina Townsend, 1912

## Distribution

Peru
# Sandvika (disambiguation)

Sandvika may refer to the following locations:

## Places

* Sandvika, the administrative centre of Bærum municipality in Akershus county, Norway
** Sandvika Station, a railway station in Sandvika in Bærum municipality in Akershus county, Norway
** Sandvika Storsenter, a regional mall in Sandvika in Bærum municipality in Akershus county, Norway
** Sandvika Tunnel, a road tunnel in Sandvika in Bærum municipality in Akershus county, Norway
* Sandvika, Agder, a village in Tvedestrand municipality in Agder county, Norway
* Sandvika, Frøya, a village in Frøya municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Sandvika, Innlandet, a village in Stange municipality in Innlandet county, Norway
* Sandvika, Lierne, a village in Lierne municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Sandvika, Nordland, a village in Gildeskål municipality in Nordland county, Norway
# Togwoteeus

Togwoteeus biceps is a species of harvestmen in a monotypic genus in the family Sclerosomatidae from the United States.
# Scotura leucophleps

Scotura leucophleps is a moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found in Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama.
The larvae feed on Rinorea panamensis, Rinorea squamata and Rinorea deflexiflora.
# Synonymia

In rhetoric, synonymia (Greek: syn, "alike" + onoma, "name") is the use of several synonyms together to amplify or explain a given subject or term. It is a kind of repetition that adds emotional force or intellectual clarity. Synonymia often occurs in parallel fashion.

## Example

* The tribune Marullus taunts the Roman populace in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar for their fickleness, calling the people several different pejorative names: "You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!"
# Râșca (Someș)

The Râșca is a left tributary of the river Someșul Cald in Romania. It discharges into the Lake Tarnița, which is drained by the Someșul Cald. Its length is 20 km (12 mi) and its basin size is 59 km$^2$ (23 sq mi).
# Tung Shan (mountain)

Tung Shan (Chinese: 東山; Cantonese Yale: dūng shāan; lit. 'East Mountain') is a mountain between Tate's Cairn and Kowloon Peak in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Its summit is 544 m (1,818 ft) high.
# Samsung Galaxy Buds Live

The Samsung Galaxy Buds Live are a release of Bluetooth wireless earbuds by Samsung Electronics for their Samsung Gear range. They were officially announced on August 5, 2020 during a virtual Galaxy Unpacked event with a starting price of $169.

## Features

The Galaxy Buds Live feature active noise cancellation, a bean shape and a wingtip design. Black, white, and Mystic Bronze are the available colour variations for the earbuds. The earbuds measure 2.8 cm longitudinally and 1.3 cm wide whilst the charging case is 2.6 cm thick. The lower part of the buds fit directly inside the ear canal whilst the back fills the upper part of the ear.
# The Grass Is Greener (song)

"The Grass Is Greener" is a song written by Mike Anthony and Barry Mann and performed by Brenda Lee. The song reached #7 on the adult contemporary chart and #17 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1963. The song is featured on her 1964 album, By Request. The song reached #73 in Australia.
The single's B-side, "Sweet Impossible You", reached #28 in the UK and #70 on the Billboard Hot 100.
# Muhammad ar-Rafi

Muhammad Rafi (also known as Diya ad-Din Abul-Fath al-Makki or Mullah Rafi) was a medieval Dagestani historian who lived in the second half of the 13th century. The author of the historical chronicle "Tarikhi Dagestan" (“History of Dagestan”) written in 1312–1313. The chronicle was supplemented and received its final form only in the 17th century.

## Tarikhi Dagestan

"Tarikhi Dagestan" includes several texts created at different times. The most ancient part of "Tarikh Dagestan" can be considered its beginning – a story about the pagan Avar lands, about the income of Nutsal (ruler) and the former greatness of the rulers of Avar lands, known in Arabic historical and geographical literature of the 9th–10th centuries under the name Sarir.
"Tarikh Dagistan" is also a collection of various historical stories relating to different historical periods, and also contains a number of legendary stories. In the structure of the chronicle, four independent directions of narration can be distinguished: the fate of paganism and the rulers of the Avar region (Avaria), Islamization of the Dagestan population; the struggle of the Dagestanis against the Mongol invaders, feudalism in Dagestan and the shamkhal rulers of the 14th-century.
The original version of this work was also written much earlier before the birth of this author, presumably in 318–930. Vladimir Minorsky suggested dating the work to the 13th-century, with which the Soviet Caucasian specialist L. Lavrov agreed.
Currently, more than 40 lists of Tarikhi Dagestan are known in copies of the 18th – early 20th centuries. All texts are in Arabic and the scribes are Dagestanis by origin. It is noteworthy to mention that list No.38 was used by Abbasgulu Bakikhanov in "Golestan-e Eram". However, he himself notes that in the manuscript of 1030 AH (1620), excerpts from a story written in 712 AH (1312) by Muhammad Rafi and old notes from an essay compiled in 318 AH (930) were used.
Vladimir Minorsky also wrote: “This is a collection of local legends about some descendants of the “Uncles of the Prophet”, who allegedly emigrated to Dagestan from Syria.
# Oikofobie

Oikofobie: De angst voor het eigene (Oikophobia. The fear of home) is a 2013 Dutch book written by Thierry Baudet.
In the book Baudet follows Roger Scruton's criticism of cultural relativism and multiculturalism. Baudet comes up with the word Oikophobia and explains this as a term that stands for a type of self hate of the (left) elite towards their own traditional culture. According to Baudet this becomes visible in the society in the dominant preference for open borders within Europe, modern art, multiculturalism. The book forms, together with Baudets other book Aanval op de natiestaat, the foundation for his political program of his political party Forum voor Democratie.
Reviews about the book have appeared in De Groene Amsterdammer, Joop (VARA), Vlaams Belang, Trouw, Vrij Nederland, Nederlandse Publieke Omroep Kunststof, Propria Cures, De Dagelijkse Standaard.

## Criticism

Several thinkers have strongly criticized Baudet’s thinking. Sociologist Jan Willem Duyvendak claims the exact opposite in fact regarding the political elite who is focused Dutch people on "feeling at home", which was part of the Amsterdam political plans. The opening of the Nationaal Historisch Museum and the integration policies for immigrants are focused on adapting to the Dutch identity instead of assimilation of both immigrants as well as Dutch people. Duyvendak speaks of oikophily or oikomania instead. According to cultural philosopher Thijs Lijster, Baudet is making a fallacy by mixing the public space, the city and the house as one thing. The rules inside the house differ from the ones in the city and the public space. This results in the distinction to regard certain groups of people as "guests" instead of legal civilians. Musicologist Yuri Landman explains Baudet creates a paradox by stating modern art (and atonal music) are inferior in quality compared to pre-1900 art and music, while he also states that the Western culture is superior above any other culture and should be protected to what Baudet has called "the homeopathic dilution of our culture" by immigrants with a different cultural background. If everything after 1900 is inferior, the contemporary Western culture can not be superior. Also Landman warns Baudet for approaching the concept of degenerate art with his conservative criticism.
# Santa Rosa Creek Reservoir

Santa Rosa Creek Reservoir is a reservoir in Spring Lake Regional Park in the city of Santa Rosa, California, USA. It is impounded by an earthen dam built in 1963 (61 years ago) (1963) and owned by the Sonoma County Water Agency.
# Seasat

Seasat was the first Earth-orbiting satellite designed for remote sensing of the Earth's oceans and had on board one of the first spaceborne synthetic-aperture radar (SAR). The mission was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of global satellite monitoring of oceanographic phenomena and to help determine the requirements for an operational ocean remote sensing satellite system. Specific objectives were to collect data on sea-surface winds, sea-surface temperatures, wave heights, internal waves, atmospheric water, sea ice features and ocean topography. Seasat was managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and was launched on 27 June 1978 into a nearly circular 800 km (500 mi) orbit with an inclination of 108°. Seasat operated until 10 October 1978 (UTC), when a massive short circuit in the Agena-D bus electrical system ended the mission.

## Instruments

Seasat carried five major instruments designed to return the maximum information from ocean surfaces:
* Radar altimeter to measure spacecraft height above the ocean surface
* Microwave scatterometer to measure wind speed and direction
* Scanning multichannel microwave radiometer to measure sea surface temperature
* Visible and infrared radiometer to identify cloud, land and water features
* Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) L-band, HH polarization, fixed look angle to monitor the global surface wave field and polar sea ice conditions {the antenna is the light parallelogram in the picture}. The SAR support structure was designed and manufactured by Northrop Grumman Astro Aerospace in Carpinteria, California. The structure deployed on orbit.
Many later remote sensing missions benefited from Seasat's legacy. These include imaging radars flown on NASA's Space Shuttle, altimeters on Earth-orbiting satellites such as TOPEX/Poseidon, and scatterometers on ADEOS I, QuikSCAT, and Jason-1.

## 2013 data release

On the 35th anniversary of Seasat's launch, the Alaska Satellite Facility released newly digitized Seasat synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Until this release, Seasat SAR data were archived on magnetic tapes, and images processed from the tapes were available only as optical images of film strips or scanned digital images. Neither the tapes nor the film allow the quantitative analysis possible with the new digital archive.

## Conspiracy theory

Seasat is claimed to have been able to detect the wakes of submerged submarines. This supposed capability was unexpected. The conspiracy theory holds that when this capability was discovered, the mission was ended for national security reasons, and the end of the mission was falsely blamed on catastrophic failure of the satellite's electric power system. Subsequent ocean-observing SAR satellites with higher resolutions and sensitivities have not exhibited this claimed capability.
# Sebastian Gunawan

Sebastian Gunawan (born 2 July 1967 in Jakarta), also known as Seba, is an Indonesian fashion designer. He is known for his designs of ornate evening gowns.
He is a member of the Indonesian Fashion Designers Association.

## Early life and education

Gunawan was born in Jakarta, Indonesia on 2 July 1967. At the age of 14, he developed interests in fashion designing, which he developed by sketching clothing designs as a high school student and working part-time at seamstress. Pursuing this, he enrolled at the LPTB Susan Budiharjo in 1985, a school of fashion in Jakarta run by its namesake—a first generation Indonesian fashion designer. This was followed by further studies at the Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising in Los Angeles, USA where he graduated and obtained the Certificate of Fashion Design. In 1991, he graduated from the Istituto Artistico Dell' Abbigliamento Marangoni in Milan, Italy with a specialisation in fashion illustration. In Milan, he met his wife and business partner, Cristina Panarese.

## Career

Following his graduation from Marangoni, he worked part-time under the late designer, Egon von Furstenberg. He returned to Indonesia shortly after, due to complications to acquire residency status in Italy.
In 1992, following his return to his native Indonesia, Gunawan launched his first collection of clothing with Panarese, entitled "Sebastian Gunawan". This was followed by his fashion show debut in 1995 with a collection named Potret Hidup ("A Life's Portrait"), featuring evening and ball gowns, which later became his signature items.
In 1997 with Panarese, he introduced his first ready-to-wear collection, Votum, which became his first to be sold in stores. This was followed by another ready-to-wear line called SebastianRed in 2000.
In 2004, he represented Indonesia on behalf of the Indonesian Textile Association at the International Apparel Federation (IAF) in Barcelona, Spain. There, he was awarded the IAF Young Designer's Award for this entry entitled "I Miss Bali". In the same year, he made his debuts at the Kuala Lumpur Fashion Week, the Hong Kong Fashion Week, and the Southeast Asia International Fashion Show in Nanning, China. In 2006, Gunawan launched a bridal collection, Sebastian Sposa.

## Personal life

Gunawan married Cristina Panarese, a fellow fashion designer, in 1992. He met Panarese during his studies at the Istituto Marangoni in Milan. Together, they have a daughter, Alessia.
# Sean Curley

Sean Curley (born July 14, 1995) is an American actor. He is known as the singing voice of Pablo on the children's TV series The Backyardigans. He also played Josh Learner in Reservation Road.

## Early life

Sean Curley was born in the United States on July 14, 1995.

## Career

He starred as Chip in the Broadway musical Beauty and the Beast before starring as a boy in Fiddler on the Roof. In 2004, he landed on two voice roles in children's television — Spencer Piggle in Whoopi's Littleburg and as the singing voice of Pablo on The Backyardigans, both which aired on the Nick Jr. programming block. In 2007, he starred as Josh Learner in Reservation Road, which was based on the book by John Burnham Schwartz. In 2009, he starred as a twelve-year-old Lyn in The Men Who Stare at Goats, which was based on the book by Jon Ronson.

## Credits
### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2007 | Reservation Road | Josh |
| 2009 | The Men Who Stare at Goats | Lyn (12 years old) |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Note |
| 2004 | Whoopi's Littleburg | Spencer Piggle | Main role (3 episodes) |
| 2004-2010 | The Backyardigans | Singing Pablo | Recurring (79 episodes) |

### Stage

| Year | Title | Role | Note |
| | Beauty and the Beast | Chip | Broadway Debut |
| February 26, 2004 – January 8, 2006 | Fiddler on the Roof | Boy | Broadway |
# Syncosmia

Syncosmia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae first described by Warren in 1897.

## Species

* Syncosmia craspedozona (Prout, 1958)
* Syncosmia discisuffusa (Holloway, 1976)
* Syncosmia dissographa (Prout, 1958)
* Syncosmia eugerys (Prout, 1929)
* Syncosmia eurymesa (Prout, 1926)
* Syncosmia layanga (Holloway, 1976)
* Syncosmia patinata Warren, 1897
* Syncosmia seminotata (Warren, 1898)
* Syncosmia trichophora (Hampson, 1895)
* Syncosmia xanthocomes (Prout, 1926)