OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Public Health Service Global Response Service Award

The Public Health Service Global Response Service Award is a decoration of the United States Public Health Service presented to members of the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. It recognizes service in response to a crisis outside the United States.

## Criteria

The PHS Global Response Service Award is awarded to officers who participate in a USPHS Commissioned Corps deployment as part of a designated response to a crisis outside the United States. The USPHS Commissioned Corps defines a "crisis" response as one which responds to a natural or man-made disaster and which the Surgeon General of the United States has determined establishes eligibility for the award.
To qualify, an officer must serve in a deployment away from his or her regular duty assignment, be deployed for at least 14 consecutive days, and deploy in the designated USPHS Commissioned Corps uniform unless the Surgeon General exempts him or her from the uniform requirement. The officer also must have completed his or her participation after 1 October 2004 to be eligible for the award.
An officer may receive only one award of the Global Response Service Award for participation in the same crisis response regardless of the number of deployments he or she makes as part of the designated response.
The USPHS Commissioned Corps recognizes analogous service within the United States with the Public Health Service Crisis Response Service Award.
# Pterostylis aphylla

Pterostylis aphylla, commonly known as the leafless greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to Tasmania. As with similar greenhoods, the flowering plants differ from those which are not flowering. The non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves flat on the ground but in this species, the flowering plants have a single green and white flower with a brown tip and lack leaves apart from a few small scales.

## Description

Pterostylis aphylla is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of dark green leaves 4–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long and 3–8 mm (0.1–0.3 in) wide. Flowering plants have up to five moderately crowded green and white flowers with a dark brown tip, on a flowering spike, 70–150 mm (3–6 in). The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal is erect near its base, then curves forward with a short point. The lateral sepals are erect, held closely against the galea with thread-like tips about 3 mm (0.1 in) long that do not project above the galea. The sinus between the bases of the lateral sepals curves inward and has a small notch in the centre. The labellum is about 3 mm (0.1 in) long, 71 mm (3 in) wide, dark brown and not visible outside the intact flower. Flowering occurs from October to March.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis aphylla was first formally described in 1840 by John Lindley from a specimen collected in the north-east of Tasmania and the description was published in The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants.

## Distribution and habitat

The leafless greenhood is widespread in Tasmania where it grows in forest, heath and buttongrass moorland.
# Pterostylis atriola

Pterostylis atriola, commonly known as the Snug greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to Tasmania. As with similar orchids, the flowering plants differ from those which are not flowering. The non-flowering plants only have a rosette of leaves but the flowering plants have one or two rosettes on growths from the base and up to ten small, dark green, white and brown flowers on a relatively tall flowering spike. It is a rare species, only known from four widely separated populations.

## Description

Pterostylis atriola is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and when not flowering, a rosette of three to six egg-shaped leaves 5–14 mm (0.2–0.6 in) long and 4–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide. Flowering plants have up to ten well-spaced flowers about 9 mm (0.4 in) long and 2 mm (0.08 in) wide borne on a flowering spike 150–350 mm (6–10 in) high. There are three to five stem leaves 10–16 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long wrapped around the flower spike. The flowers are dark green and white, brown near the tip with two to four flowers are open at any time. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal curves forward and has a short point. The lateral sepals are erect, held closely against the galea with thread-like tips about 3mm long which barely project above the galea. The sinus between the bases of the lateral sepals is flat and the opening in front of the flower is only about 1 mm (0.04 in) wide. The labellum is about 3 mm (0.1 in) long and is not visible from outside the intact flower. Flowering occurs from January to April.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis atriola was first formally described in 1998 by David Jones and the description was published in the Australian Orchid Research from a specimen collected on the plains near Snug. The specific epithet (atriola) is from the Latin atriolum, 'small room', 'hall' or 'vestibule', and refers to the small opening in the front of the flower.

## Distribution and habitat

The Snug greenhood usually grows in stony places in dry forest with scattered shrubs. It occurs in Tasmania in separated locations from areas near the coast to altitudes of 600 m (2,000 ft).

## Conservation

Pterostylis atriola was previously listed as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. When the species was first described, the population was estimated to be about 100 individuals, but was subsequently raised to about 1,000 when more populations were discovered. It is listed as "rare" under the Tasmanian Government Threatened Species Protection Act 1995.
# Pusey, Haute-Saône

Pusey (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
The town is located near Vesoul.
# Pterostylis glyphida

Pterostylis glyphida is a species of orchid endemic to a small area of New South Wales. As with similar orchids, the flowering plants differ from those which are not flowering. The non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves but flowering plants lack a rosette at the base, but have up to seven green, white and brown flowers, up to three open at a time.

## Description

Pterostylis glyphida is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and when not flowering, a rosette of three to six egg-shaped to arrow-head shaped leaves 3–12 mm (0.12–0.47 in) long and 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) wide. When flowering, the plant has up to seven flowers, with up to three open at any time, on a flowering stem 80–350 mm (3.1–13.8 in) tall. Each flower is green and white near the base, dark to blackish brown near the tip, 10–13 mm (0.39–0.51 in) long and 4.5–5.0 mm (0.18–0.20 in) wide on a pedicel 1–4 mm (0.039–0.157 in) long. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped, 15–18 mm (0.59–0.71 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) wide, and boldy striped. The lateral sepals are erect, held closely against the galea with tapered, linear tips that just reach the top of the galea. The sinus between the bases of the lateral sepals is deeply notched and bulges forward. The petals are broadly oblong, 10–13 mm (0.39–0.51 in) long, 2.5–3.0 mm (0.098–0.118 in) long and dark brown, striped with white. The labellum is not visible above the sinus. Flowering occurs from February to April.

## Taxonomy

This orchid was first formally described in 2008 by David Jones who gave it the name Speculantha glyphida. The description was published in the journal The Orchadian from a specimen collected from Tallong Park Reserve in 2001. In 2010, Gary Backhouse changed the name to Pterostylis glyphida in The Victorian Naturalist. The specific epithet (glyphida) means "notched or grooved like an arrow".

## Distribution and habitat

Pterostylis glyphida grows in open areas in tall forest with a heathy understorey, and is only known from the type location, a site at St Georges Basin, and another at Sussex Inlet, in south-eastern New South Wales.
# Pterostylis graminea

Pterostylis graminea, commonly known as the grass-leaved greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to New Zealand. It has erect, grass-like leaves with the upper ones higher than the yellowish-green and transparent white flower.

## Description

Pterostylis graminea is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber. It has between four and six erect, linear to lance-shaped, grass-like leaves which are V-shaped in cross-section, 80–150 mm (3–6 in) long and 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide. The top-most leaves are the longest and are higher than the flower. There is a single yellowish green flower with transparent white stripes borne on a flowering stem up to 330 mm (10 in) high. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal is more or less erect near its base then suddenly curves forward then below horizontal. The petals are slightly flared and slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal. There is a wide gap between the lateral sepals and the galea and the lateral sepals have thread-like tips which are erect, spread slightly apart from each other and are higher than the galea. The labellum is greenish-brown, darker near the tip, curved and protrudes above the sinus. Flowering occurs between September and January.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis graminea was first formally described in 1853 by Joseph Dalton Hooker and the description was published in The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror in the years 1839–1843, under the Command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross. The specific epithet (graminea) is a Latin word meaning "of grass" or "grassy".

## Distribution and habitat

The grass-leaved greenhood grows in forest and scrub, sometimes in the margins of wetlands and occurs on both the North and South Islands and on Stewart Island at altitudes of up to 1,000 m (3,300 ft).
# Pularkoppa

Pularkoppa is a village in Belgaum district of Karnataka, India.
# Pultenaea costata

Pultenaea costata, commonly known as ribbed bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the Grampians National Park in Victoria. It is a spreading shrub with egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves, and dense clusters of pea-like flowers.

## Description

Pultenaea costata is a spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and has stems that are hairy when young. The leaves are egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 7–15 mm (0.28–0.59 in) long and 2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in) wide tapering to a sharp, down-curved point and with dark brown stipules about 7 mm (0.28 in) long at the base. The flowers are arranged in dense clusters of five to eight surrounded by bracts about 8 mm (0.31 in) long with two points on the tip. Bracteoles about 8 mm (0.31 in) long are attached to the base of the sepal tube. The sepals are about 9 mm (0.35 in) long and joined at the base, the lobes hairy. The standard petal is 13–15 mm (0.51–0.59 in) wide and the ovary is covered with long hairs. The fruit is a pod surrounded by the remains of the sepals.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pultenaea costata was first formally described in 1921 by Herbert Bennett Williamson in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria from specimens collected near Mount William. The specific epithet (costata) means "ribbed".

## Distribution and habitat

This pultenaea grows on the higher parts of the northern ranges of the Grampians in central western Victoria.
# 6-APDB

6-(2-Aminopropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (6-APDB, 4-Desoxy-MDA, EMA-3) is a stimulant and entactogen drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes. It is an analogue of MDA where the heterocyclic 4-position oxygen from the 3,4-methylenedioxy ring has been replaced with a methylene bridge. 5-APDB (3-Desoxy-MDA) is an analogue of 6-APDB where the 3-position oxygen has been replaced with a methylene instead. 6-APDB, along with 5-APDB, was first synthesized by David E. Nichols in the early 1990s while investigating non-neurotoxic MDMA analogues.
In animal studies, 6-APDB fully substitutes for MBDB and MMAI but not for amphetamine or LSD. In vitro, 6-APDB has been shown to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine with IC$_{50}$ values of 322 nM, 1,997 nM, and 980 nM, respectively. These values are very similar to those of MDA, but with those for the catecholamines slightly lower in comparison, perhaps more similarly to MDMA. In contrast, 5-APDB is highly selective for serotonin. Though 6-APDB does not substitute for amphetamine in rats at the doses used in referenced study, based on its in vitro profile it can be suggested that it may have amphetamine-like effects at higher doses.
The unsaturated benzofuran derivative 6-APB, or 6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran is also known, but the difference in pharmacological effects between 6-APB and 6-APDB is unclear.
6-APDB is a class B drug in the UK since June 10, 2013. It is banned by a blanket law on benzofurans and related compounds.
# Puruduwella

Puruduwella (Sinhala: පුරුදුවැල්ල) is a village in Mahawewa Divisional Secretariat in Puttalam District in North Western Province, Sri Lanka. There is river called Kadupiti Oya in one boundary of the village. There are also two buddhist temples Pushparamaya and Subadraramaya in the village.
The meaning of the village name in Sinhala is "the sand where the training was held". One explanation for the village's name is that King Thaniyavallabha, who administered this district from 1489 until 1513 may have used this village to train his horses
# Purwoto Gandasubrata

Purwoto Gandasubrata was the eighth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia. Alongside the Ministry of Justice officials in the Sixth Development Cabinet, Gandasubrata was a part of a general return of civilian officials to the judiciary of Indonesia in the early 1990s after a period of former military officials dominating the branch from the late 1970s. Gandasubrata had initially served as the chief of the district court of Semarang, as well as the chairman of the regional branch of the Indonesian Judges Association.
Gandasubrata was the first Chief Justice appointed from the professional judiciary since Umar Seno Aji. During his two years in the position, much of his efforts were spent on attempts to increase the autonomy, power, and status of the judicial branch of government. On the occasion of his retirement in 1994, Gandasubrata announced a 100% salary increase for Indonesian judges in a move that was seen as a parting gift. The increase was later offset by a 45% reduction in benefits enacted by the government.
# QF 12-pounder 12 cwt AA gun

The 12 pounder 12 cwt anti-aircraft gun was a British anti-aircraft gun of the First World War, The guns were QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval guns taken from coast defence positions with the addition of a modified cradle for higher elevation, a retaining catch for the cartridge, and an additional spring recuperator above the barrel and high-angle sights. Writers commonly refer to it simply as "12 pounder anti-aircraft gun". 12 cwt referred to the weight of the barrel and breech - 1,344 lb (610 kg) - to differentiate it from other 12-pounder guns.

## History

When World War I began Britain had no anti-aircraft artillery and had given little thought to it. Hence in 1914 when Germany occupied parts of Belgium and northern France, it faced the risk of air attack, and various medium caliber guns were adapted to high-angle mountings, including the 12 pdr 12 cwt. All QF 12 pounder ammunition at the time was "Separate loading QF" i.e. the propellant came in a brass cartridge case with primer ready installed, but the shell was loaded separately. For anti-aircraft firing, Fixed QF rounds were quickly developed i.e. with the shell already attached to the cartridge case. This allowed slightly faster loading.

## Combat use

For home air defence the gun was typically mounted on a high-angle mounting with an additional spring recuperator above the barrel, on a 2-wheel towed travelling platform, 7 ft (2.1 m) × 5 ft 4 in (1.63 m) The 4 stabilizing arms at the corners were swung out, rods at the ends screwed down to lift the platform off the wheels which were then removed and the platform lowered to the ground. It was also deployed on static mountings to defend prominent targets such as dockyards.
While the gun was much lighter than the QF 3 inch 20 cwt AA gun, for anti-aircraft use it lacked its range and shell weight. Hence the 3 inch 20 cwt gun became the preferred heavy AA gun on land and ships from 1914 to 1937. The 12 pdr 12 cwt also proved only marginally superior to the much lighter QF 13 pounder 9 cwt as a light AA gun. Comparison:-
| Gun | Muzzle velocity | Shell weight | Time to 5,000 ft (1,500 m) at 25° (seconds) | Time to 10,000 ft (3,000 m) at 40° (seconds) | Time to 15,000 ft (4,600 m) at 55° (seconds) | Max. height |
| 13-pdr 9 cwt | 1,990 ft/s (607 m/s) | 12.5 lb (5.7 kg) | 10.1 | 15.5 | 22.1 | 19,000 ft (5,800 m) |
| 12-pdr 12 cwt | 2,200 ft/s (670 m/s) | 12.5 lb (5.7 kg) | 9.1 | 14.1 | 19.1 | 20,000 ft (6,100 m) |
| 3-inch 20 cwt 1914 | 2,500 ft/s (760 m/s) | 12.5 lb (5.7 kg) | 8.3 | 12.6 | 16.3 | 23,500 ft (7,200 m) |
| 3-inch 20 cwt 1916 | 2,000 ft/s (610 m/s) | 16 lb (7.3 kg) | 9.2 | 13.7 | 18.8 | 22,000 ft (6,700 m) |
At the end of World War I, 36 guns were still in service in the home air defense of Britain, 10 on the Western Front and 2 in Mesopotamia where it was typically mounted on river barges. The gun remained in Royal Navy anti-aircraft use, in the form of the new Mk V version, on smaller ships in World War II because of its low and high angle firing.

## Ammunition

| Mk II & Mk III cartridges, 1914 - original separate QF | Mk IV Common Lyddite AA shell, 1914 |
# Pyrgus maculatus

Pyrgus maculatus is an eastern Palearctic butterfly in the family Hesperiidae and subfamily Pyrginae. The species was first described by Otto Vasilievich Bremer and William Grey in 1853. It is found in South Siberia (Altai to Ussuri) and Japan. The larva feeds on Spiraea species (including Spiraea ussuriensis and Spiraea media) and Potentilla freyniana.

## Subspecies

* P. m. maculatus
* P. m. bocki (Oberthür, 1912)
* P. m. thibetanus (Oberthür, 1891) (west China)
# Pyrgus ruralis

Pyrgus ruralis, the two-banded checkered skipper, is a species of skipper butterfly (family Hesperiidae). It is found from southern British Columbia and the Rocky Mountains of SW Alberta, with populations south to central California, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado, and one population of an endangered subspecies in southern California, in the mountains east of San Diego. That endangered subspecies is ssp. lagunae, known by the common name Laguna Mountains skipper.
The wingspan is 25–29 mm. There is one generation from April to July.
The larvae feed on herbaceous plants in the rose family Rosaceae, including Potentilla drummondii, Horkelia fusca, Horkelia tenuiloba and Horkelia bolanderi clevelandii. Adults feed on flower nectar.

## Subspecies

* Pyrgus ruralis ruralis
* Pyrgus ruralis lagunae
# Põltsamaa (river)

The Põltsamaa is the third-longest river in Estonia. It flows through Põltsamaa Parish and the centre of the town of Põltsamaa on the northeast side of Põltsamaa Castle. It is a tributary of the Pedja.
# Pyritis

Pyritis is a genus of hoverfly, from the family Syrphidae, in the order Diptera.

## Species

* P. kincaidii (Coquillett, 1895)
# Páirc Náisiúnta na Mara

Páirc Náisiúnta na Mara, Ciarraí, also called the Kerry Seas National Park, is a national park being created on the coast of County Kerry, Ireland. The park was announced in April 2024. Primarily a marine park, it will cover 70,000 acres (28,000 hectares) of land and sea, making it Ireland's biggest national park. It includes the following areas:
# Qaqortoq Stadium

The Qaqortoq Stadium is a stadium in Qaqortoq, Greenland. It was completed in September 2010, and it hosts football matches.

## History

The conditions in Greenland meant that matches could only be played between May and September, and on sand and ash pitches as grass cannot be easily grown in the harsh environment. However the Danish Football Association, with financing by the FIFA Goal Programme began laying an artificial grass pitch in the Southern town of Qaqortoq in September 2009. The pitch cost $500,000, of which $400,000 was provided by the FIFA Goal Programme.
The venue was handed over to Greenland Football Association president Lars Lundblad by FIFA president Joseph Blatter and DBU president Allan Hansen on 13 September 2010. Qaqortoq mayor Kristine Raahauge said that "Local residents can play sport at any time now, and this has already helped us to reduce the crime rate."
# Péter Molnár (academic)

Péter Molnár is a Hungarian academic and intellectual, working on questions related to communication law and freedom of speech.
Molnár graduated from the Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE) in Budapest in 1987.
From 1990 to 1998, he was a member of the Hungarian Parliament, where he sat on the committees on culture and press and on the constitution. When (after its disappointing result in the 1994 elections) Fidesz changed its political position from liberal to conservative and added "Hungarian Civic Party" (Magyar Polgári Párt) to its shortened name, Molnar was one of many early Fidesz members who left the party.
In 1999 and 2000 he was a Fulbright fellow at Cardozo School of Law, at Columbia Law School, and in the spring of 2000 a fellow at the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University. He has been a senior research fellow at the Center for Media, Data and Society at Central European University.
# Q5

Q5 may refer to:
* Q (TV series), a Spike Milligan BBC series that was known during its first series as "Q5"
* Q5 (band), an American heavy metal group
* BlackBerry Q5
* Quran 5, the 5th chapter of the Islamic Holy book

## Transport

* Audi Q5, a compact luxury crossover SUV
* Q5 (New York City bus)
* LNER Class Q5, a class of British 0-8-0 steam locomotives (previously known as NER Classes T & T1)

## Military

* Nanchang Q-5 ground attack aircraft
* HMS Farnborough, also known as Q5, was a Q-ship of the First World War
* Q-5 is an alternate designation for the AQM-60 Kingfisher
# Q48

Q48 may refer to:
* Q48 (New York City bus)
* Al-Fath, a surah of the Quran
* French submarine Calypso (1907)
# Qonaqkənd

Qonaqkənd or Konakh-Kent or Konagkend or Konakkend or Konakhkend may refer to:
* Qonaqkənd, Quba, Azerbaijan
* Qonaqkənd, Shamakhi, Azerbaijan
# QFT

QFT may stand for:
* Quantum field theory, the theory of quantum mechanics applied to fields
* Quantum Fourier transform, a Fourier transform acting on quantum bits
* Quadratic Frobenius test, a primality test
* QuantiFERON, a test for tuberculosis infection or latent tuberculosis
* Quantitative feedback theory
* Queen's Film Theatre, a cinema in Northern Ireland