OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Researcher degrees of freedom

Researcher degrees of freedom is a concept referring to the inherent flexibility involved in the process of designing and conducting a scientific experiment, and in analyzing its results. The term reflects the fact that researchers can choose between multiple ways of collecting and analyzing data, and these decisions can be made either arbitrarily or because they, unlike other possible choices, produce a positive and statistically significant result. The researcher degrees of freedom has positives such as affording the ability to look at nature from different angles, allowing new discoveries and hypotheses to be generated. However, researcher degrees of freedom can lead to data dredging and other questionable research practices where the different interpretations and analyses are taken for granted Their widespread use represents an inherent methodological limitation in scientific research, and contributes to an inflated rate of false-positive findings. They can also lead to overestimated effect sizes.
Though the concept of researcher degrees of freedom has mainly been discussed in the context of psychology, it can affect any scientific discipline. Like publication bias, the existence of researcher degrees of freedom has the potential to lead to an inflated degree of funnel plot asymmetry. It is also a potential explanation for p-hacking, as researchers have so many degrees of freedom to draw on, especially in the social and behavioral sciences. Multiverse analysis is a method that helps bring these degrees of freedom to light. Studies with smaller sample sizes are more susceptible to the biasing influence of researcher degrees of freedom.

## Examples

Steegen et al. (2016) showed how, starting from a single raw data set, applying different reasonable data processing decisions can give rise to a multitude of processed data sets (called the data multiverse), often leading to different statistical results. Wicherts et al. (2016) provided a list of 34 degrees of freedom (DFs) researchers have when conducting psychological research. The DFs listed span every stage of the research process, from formulating a hypothesis to the reporting of results. They include conducting exploratory, hypothesis-free research, which the authors note "...pervades many of the researcher DFs that we describe below in the later phases of the study." Other DFs listed in this paper include the creation of multiple manipulated independent variables and the measurement of additional variables that may be selected for analysis later on.
# René Zavaleta Mercado

René Zavaleta Mercado (3 June 1937 – 23 December 1984) was a Bolivian sociologist, politician and philosopher.
Zavaleta was an extremely influential Bolivian thinker of the second half of the twentieth century. His thought is usually divided into three periods: the first nationalist, followed by an orthodox Marxist phase, and finally his more influential unorthodox Marxism from a uniquely Bolivian perspective. Concepts originating from his work are fundamental to later development in Bolivian social sciences. Notable concepts such as "sociedad abigarrada" (roughly translated "motley society"), meaning a society juxtaposed by asymmetric relations of differentiated cultural power and its respective modes of production. Additionally considered important are Zavaleta's meaning of the terms "mases" ("masses") and "multitude". Today his work is considered essential for understanding the reality of Bolivian cultural, political, and social life.
As a politician, René Zavaleta was the Minister of Mines and Petroleum during the revolutionary government of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR). He also acted as a diplomat for Bolivia to Uruguay and Chile. As an academic, he studied at the University of San Andrés (UMSA) in La Paz, the University of Oxford, and was the director of the Latin American Social Sciences Institute (FLACSO), in Mexico.

## Publications

In Spanish:
* Estado nacional o pueblo de pastores (1956),
* Crecimiento de la idea nacional (19xx),
* 50 años de historia (19xx),
* El poder dual en América Latina: estudio de los casos de Bolivia y Chile (1974),
* Bolivia: Hoy (1982),
* Lo nacional-popular en Bolivia (1986)
* La Caída del M.N.R. y la Conjuración de Noviembre. La Paz: Los Amigos del Libro. 1995. ISBN 84-8370-214-2.
# René Zimmermann

René Zimmermann is a former Swiss slalom canoeist who competed in the 1970s. He won a bronze medal in the K-1 team event at the 1979 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Jonquière.
# Resilience: Two Sisters and a Story of Mental Illness

Resilience: Two Sisters and a Story of Mental Illness is a memoir written by Jessie Close with Pete Earley, including some contributions from her sister, actress Glenn Close. This book deals with Jessie Close's mental health issues. The book discusses mental illness, abandonment, sexuality, substance abuse, and emotional turmoil.

## Summary

Jessie was the youngest of four children to a nurse and a physician. When Jessie was little, her parents joined the Moral Re-Armament (MRA). Her parents became missionaries for the movement, leaving the children with an MRA nanny. This is where Jessie's feelings of abandonment began.
The Close family moved to Switzerland, the MRA base . While her two older sisters became MRA members, Jessie rebelled. During this time, the children were constantly guilted for having impure thoughts and forced to repent for their daily sins. Eventually, the Close Parents were stationed in Africa Jessie spent some time there but after an altercation with a boy selling newspapers, she decided to move back to the United States.
As a teenager, she lived in Los Angeles, and got into heavy drinking and substance abuse. She stopped going to class and rebelled against her family. She married a man named Brad and began hosting an illegal radio station in United States. Both Jessie and Brad were substance abusers and Brad committed domestic abuse on her. A few years later, Jessie's mom and Glen moved Jessie away from Brad to their home in Wyoming.
In Wyoming, Jessie continued abusing drugs and alcohol. After partying, she would slip into a depressive episode, the lingering of what she would later discover was her bipolar disorder. She married five times throughout her life, each marriage ending due to her mood swings, or her actions during her manic episodes. Jessie attempted to commit suicide three time during her life. She started hallucinating and dissociating. She had two children with her third husband, Tom: Calen and Sander. She also had another child, Mattie, with a different man.
In high school, Calen was diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder and was hospitalized. With medication, Calen improved and was discharged. Meanwhile, Jessie was experiencing intense mood swings. After being hospitalized, she was diagnosed with Bipolar 1 Disorder with psychotic features. She was placed on medication, and her suicidal ideation lessened. She finally began improving.

## Critical reception

The book was reviewed by Kirkus, Publishers Weekly, and USA Today. Kirkus describes it as a "harrowing ride" of "courageous personal reflections" despite a "slow start". Publishers Weekly called it "heartfelt" but "belabored and grim." USA Today identifies the writing as clumsy at points, but describes Jessie's life as "spellbinding."
# Reno Kiilerich

Reno Hilligsø Kiilerich (born October 21, 1976) is a heavy metal drummer from Denmark. Kiilerich has played with such bands as Panzerchrist, Evil Morgan, Kobeast, 12Gauge, Chthonic, Downlord, Exmortem, Hate Eternal, Strangler, Old Man's Child, Vile, Human Erupt, and Dimmu Borgir.

## Awards

* 2003 Fastest feet in the world at NAMM
# Wolf Coal, Kentucky

Wolf Coal is an unincorporated community and coal town located in Breathitt County, Kentucky, United States.
# Wood putty

Wood putty, also called plastic wood, is a substance used to fill imperfections, such as nail holes, in wood prior to finishing. It is often composed of wood dust combined with a binder that dries and a diluent (thinner), and, sometimes, pigment. Pore fillers used for large flat surfaces such as floors or table tops generally contain silica instead of or in addition to wood dust. Pores can also be filled using multiple coats of the final finish rather than a pore filler.
The main problem in using putty is matching the colour of the putty to that of the wood. Putties are usually sanded after they dry before applying the finish.
Many different brands, types, and colours are commercially available. Binders include lacquer, water-base, and linseed oil. Some woodworkers make their own putty using fine sanding dust (not sawdust, which is too coarse) with wood glue or a wood finish such as shellac.
DAP Products owns the registered trademark for Plastic Wood.
# Reponen

Reponen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eemeli Reponen (born 1990), Finnish footballer and coach
* Milka Reponen (born 1991), Finnish orienteering competitor
# Wong Sai Hou

Wong Sai Hou is a former state assemblyman for Kampung Tunku, Malaysia. He is also state vice-chairman and a veteran member of Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) (34 years). His wife, Jennifer Wong (Goh Beng Lan) is the former Principal of SMK La Salle Brickfields. His house was attacked and burned with a gasoline bomb in 2005 but was put out by his wife.

## Election results

Selangor State Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 1986 | N25 Damansara Utara | Wong Sai Hou (SDP) | 1,374 | 6.93% | Madhavan Nair Narayanan Nair (DAP) | 10,050 | 50.70% | 20,121 | 1,651 | 69.36% |
| 1986 | N25 Damansara Utara | Wong Sai Hou (SDP) | 1,374 | 6.93% | Chan Tse Yuen (MCA) | 8,399 | 42.37% | 20,121 | 1,651 | 69.36% |
| 1999 | N26 Kampung Tunku | Wong Sai Hou (MCA) | 11,658 | 56.65% | T. Kannan (DAP) | 8,922 | 43.35% | 20,820 | 2,736 | 67.90% |
| 2004 | N35 Kampung Tunku | Wong Sai Hou (MCA) | 11,979 | 58.88% | Ean Yong Hian Wah (DAP) | 8,367 | 41.12% | 20,616 | 3,612 | 66.77% |

## Honours

* Selangor :
** Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (DPMS) – Dato' (2003)
# Renée Geyer at Her Very Best

Renée Geyer at Her Very Best is the first greatest hits album by Australian soul/R&B singer Renée Geyer. The album was released in October 1977 and peaked at number 53 on the Kent Music Report Albums Chart. According to The Canberra Times' reporter, "it features all the Geyer favourites." The artist undertook her Geyer Gold tour of Australia as the country's "lady of soul" prior to travelling to Los Angeles for a series of concerts.

## Track listing
### Vinyl/ cassette (VPL1-0145)

Side One
* "Stares and Whispers" (John Footman / Frank Wilson / Terri McFadden) – 3.30
* "Ready to Deal" (Renée Geyer Band) – 3.30
* "Moving Along" (Renée Geyer / Mal Logan / Barry Sullivan / Judy Wieder) – 6:10
* "Be There in the Morning" Renée Geyer / Mal Logan / Barry Sullivan) – 3.49
* "What Do I Do on Sunday Morning" (Dennis Lambert / Brian Potter) – 3.56
* "Heading in the Right Direction" (Mark Punch / Garry Paige) – 3.53
Side Two
* "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" (James Brown) – 3.26
* "If Loving You Is Wrong" (Homer Banks / Ray Jackson / Carl Jackson) – 4.16
* "Oh! Boy" (Eugene Record) – 2.56
* "There's No Such Thing As Love" (Anthony Newley / Ian Fraser) – 3.43
* "I Really Love You" (Renée Geyer Band) - 5.49
* "Shakey Ground" (Jeffrey Bowen / Edward Hazel / Al Boyd) - 4.29

## Weekly charts

| Chart (1977/78) | Peak position |
| Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart | 53 |
# Renée Gary

Renée Gary was a French film editor active in the 1940s through the early 1960s. She worked on several films by Maurice Cloche.

## Selected filmography

* The Spy Catcher (1960)
* Ciné ballets de Paris (1959)
* Nuits andalouses (1954)
* Rayés des vivants (1952)
* Domenica (1952)
* Born of Unknown Father (1950)
* La portatrice di pane (1950)
* Mademoiselle de la Ferté (1949)
* Docteur Laennec (1949)
* Coeur de coq (1946)
* Women's Games (1946)
# Republic Airlines (disambiguation)

Republic Airlines and Republic Airways and similar may mean:
* Republic Airways Inc., operating as Republic Airways, a regional airline subsidiary of Republic Airways Holdings; formerly known as "Republic Airline"
* Republic Airways Holdings, Inc., an American airline holding corporation based in Indianapolis, Indiana
* Republic Airlines (IATA: RC, ICAO: REP, Call sign: REPUBLIC) was a United States airline formed by the merger of North Central Airlines and Southern Airways on July 1, 1979
# Rewayat

Rewayāt Masreyya Lel Gēb (Egyptian Pocket Novels) (روايات مصرية للجيب), aka Rewayat is an Arabic series of stories and books published in Egypt by the Modern Arab Association and distributed worldwide by the same publishing house.

## Authors

* Ahmed Khaled Tawfik: Ma Waraa Al Tabiaa, Safari and Fantasia.
* Nabil Farouk: Ragol Al Mostaheel, Malaf Al Mostakbal, Cocktail 2000 and others.
* Khaled Al Safti: Flash, Smash and others.
* Mohamed Sulaiman Abdul-Malek: Mogamraat 'Seen', Lotus, Maktab 17.
* Tamir Ibrahim: Awraak Maghool, Aalam Ahkar.
# Rewaya

Rewaya may refer to:
* Revaya, a settlement in Israel
* Riwaya, a chain of transmission of Quranic qiraʼat
# Wragg Borough Homes

The Wragg Borough Homes is a public housing project in Charleston, South Carolina. It is bounded by Drake Street (to the east), Chapel Street (to the south), America and Elizabeth Streets (to the west), and South Street (to the north).
The land for the development was acquired in 1939. Before the integration of public facilities, the housing project was meant only for the city's Black residents while the Robert Mills Manor was meant for White residents. The new housing was expected to cost only $2.30 a month for rent per room.
Bids for the construction of the housing was due December 11, 1939, for the 128 single-story housing units. The new project was called the Wragg Borough Homes in honor of Samuel Wragg, the previous owner of most of the property. The lowest bid was submitted by the Artley Company of Savannah, Georgia, the same contractor which was building the Robert Mills Manor. The contract approved totaled $344,000.
Construction could not begin until housing was available in another development, the Ansonborough Homes, so that those whose houses were being demolished for the new project could be temporarily relocated. To make way for the development, 134 housing units were demolished. A building permit for $3000 of demolition work was pulled in March 1940.
A contract for landscaping was awarded to the Carolina Floral Company based on its bid of $9225. Loutrel Briggs was the landscape architect for the plans.
The first 18 units were completed in July 1940.
32°47′35″N 79°56′03″W﻿ / ﻿32.793189°N 79.934109°W﻿ / 32.793189; -79.934109
# Worlds of Legend: Son of the Empire

Worlds of Legend: Son of the Empire is a 1993 role-playing video game developed and published by Mindscape for the Amiga and MS-DOS. It is a sequel to Legend from 1992.

## Plot

The game continues from Legend with four adventurers celebrating their victory over chaos in Trazere. A messenger interrupts the celebration with news of the Emperor's murder and a power struggle among four warlords. The adventurers ride to the Imperial castle and are greeted by Aunt Sushiana who instructs them to find the murderer in the palace vaults. After the party has dealt with him, Sushiana tells that to reunite the realm, they must collect four shards of an amulet and awaken the eternal champion to defeat the warlords.

## Gameplay

The party consists of four characters, all different classes: Berserker, Troubadour, Assassin, and Runemaster. Each character has a unique ability. The sex and clothing of the characters can be changed before starting the game. The game has a world map view where the party travel between cities while avoiding armies of the warlords. In the dungeon areas the party solves puzzles and fight monsters. The dungeons are depicted from an isometric viewpoint. The Runemaster is able to create a variety of spells and magical weapons from runes and other ingredients.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Aktueller Software Markt | 9/12 (DOS, Amiga) |
| Amiga Computing | 60% |
| Amiga Format | 88% |
| Amiga Power | 81% (1993) 88% (1994) |
| Computer and Video Games | 88% (DOS) |
| CU Amiga | 90% |
CU Amiga said: "The scenario is realistic, the action thick and fast and the magic system without equal. This game is one of the most believable and playable RPGs to date." Amiga Computing liked the simple control method but disliked the graphics and animations and called the game overall unoriginal. Amiga Power was disappointed how similar the game was to Legend but still concluded that the game "is so much fun that it doesn't matter how far up the RPG evolutionary ladder it is - it works and it works well." Amiga Format summarized similarly: "Overall, Worlds of Legend is a good game, but there are no real advances from Legend". Aktueller Software Markt also was disappointed how similar the game was to its predecessor but concluded that the game is just as good as Legend. Computer and Video Games concluded: "WOL is excellent once you get to grips with the subtleties of controlling four characters at once. It then opens up into one a highly involving, and exceedingly original RPG."
# World Cerebral Palsy Day

Cerebral Palsy Day is a social movement and a day to celebrate and affirm the lives of the 17 million people living with cerebral palsy (CP). The project was launched in 2012 by Cerebral Palsy Alliance (Australia) and United Cerebral Palsy (USA). It is supported by over 450 cerebral palsy service organisations, universities, parent groups, research institutions, student groups, schools and children's hospitals from 65 countries.
The first World CP Day campaign was called 'Change My World in 1 Minute'. The project sought ideas from the global community of people with CP for technologies and products that needed inventing - that had the potential to 'change the world' for people living with CP.
In 2012, more than 470 ideas were posted on the World CP Day website. Three ideas were shortlisted and then the call went out to inventors. A research team from the University of Virginia (USA) won the major prize. They developed a prototype solar powered wheelchair which was an idea posted by Alper Sirvan, a man with cerebral palsy in Turkey. The wheelchair prototype was presented to Alper on World CP Day 2013.
In 2015, the campaign evolved into a social movement that targets the six key issues that affect people with CP around the world, irrespective of geographical, cultural and economic differences. The website provides tools and resources for organisations to adapt and take action locally and, in doing so, builds the global movement for change.
The 2019 date for the observance is Sunday October 6.
# Revis (disambiguation)

Revis was an American post-grunge band. Revis may also refer to:
* Revis (surname)
* Revis Hill Prairie Natural Area in Mason County, Illinois, U.S.
* Darrelle Revis Former American football cornerback in the NFL
# Wudaoshui, Sangzhi

Wudaoshui Township (simplified Chinese: 五道水乡; traditional Chinese: 五道水鄉; pinyin: Wudaoshui Zhen) is an urban town in Sangzhi County, Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China.

## Administrative division

The town is divided into 10 villages and 2 community, the following areas: Wangjiaping Community, Tuanbao Community, Lianjiawan Village, Huayuquan Village, Chayuan Village, Chaye Village, Kuzhuba Village, Chajiaoxi Village, Yuanbaoxi Village, Wufengshan Village, Tuxidong Village, and Gaojiaping Village (汪家坪社区、团包社区、连家湾村、花渔泉村、茶元村、茶叶村、苦竹坝村、岔角溪村、元宝溪村、五峰山村、土溪洞村、高家平村).
# Rhagastis mongoliana

Rhagastis mongoliana is a moth of the family Sphingidae.

## Distribution

It is found from China, north to Mongolia, Korea and the Primorsky Krai in Russia, and east to Taiwan and Japan.

## Descritption

The wingspan is 47–63 mm. There are two generations per year, with adults on wing from late April to August in north-eastern China.

## Biology

Larvae have been recorded feeding on Berberis, Cayratia, Impatiens, Polygonum and Vitis species in China, Cayratia japonica, Impatiens balsamina, Zantedeschia aethiopica and Parthenocissus tricuspidata in Japan, Impatiens balsamina and Galium verum var. asiaticum in Korea, Vitis amurensis in the Russian Far East and Cissus, Damnacanthus, Galium, Oenothera and Parthenocissus elsewhere.
# Rhagastis velata

Rhagastis velata, the veiled mottled hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Nepal, north-eastern India, Thailand, central and southern China and Taiwan.
The wingspan is 66–74 mm. The upperside of the abdomen is without a pair of lateral golden stripes or (occasionally) with vestigial stripes on the posterior segments. The forewing upperside has four postmedian lines forming a conspicuous dark patch on the inner margin that is often continued towards the costa where it joins another (not always well-marked) patch near the discal spot. Two or three of the postmedian lines are usually strongly dentate. The forewing underside has a brown border.
Larvae have been recorded feeding on Arisaema and Amorphophallus species in India.
# Rhinoscapha hasterti

Rhinoscapha hasterti is a species of true weevil family. It occurs in Papua New Guinea.
# Rhamphomyia nudipes

Rhamphomyia nudipes is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus Pararhamphomyia.
# Rhabdophis akraios

Rhabdophis akraios, the Singalang keelback, is a keelback snake in the family Colubridae. It is endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia.
The two known specimens measure 77–88 cm (30.3–34.6 in) in total length. They were collected from Mount Singalang (West Sumatra) by Odoardo Beccari in 1878. There is no recent information on this species.
# Rhabdophis barbouri

Rhabdophis barbouri, also known commonly as Barbour's water snake, is a species of keelback snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to the Philippines.

## Etymology

The specific name, barbouri, is in honor of American herpetologist Thomas Barbour.

## Geographic range

R. barbouri is found on the island of Luzon.

## Reproduction

R. barbouri is oviparous.