OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ziziphin

Ziziphin, a triterpene glycoside which exhibits taste-modifying properties, has been isolated from the leaves of Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae).
Among ziziphin's known homologues found in this plant, it is the most anti-sweet. However, its anti-sweet activity is less effective than gymnemic acid 1, another anti-sweet compound glycoside isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae).
Ziziphin reduces perceived sweetness of most of the carbohydrates (e.g. glucose, fructose), bulk sweeteners, intense sweeteners (natural: steviol glycoside – artificial: sodium saccharin and aspartame) and sweet amino acids (e.g. glycine). However, it has no effect on the perception of the other tastes, bitterness, sourness and saltiness.
# North Midlands Vase

The North Midlands Vase is an annual rugby union knock-out club competition organized by the North Midlands Rugby Football Union and was first contested during the 2005-06 season when Kings Norton became the first winners when they defeated Oswestry in the final at Stourton Park in Stourbridge. The vase is currently open for clubs ranked in tiers 9-10 of the English rugby union system that fall under the North Midlands RFU umbrella, including sides based in Birmingham and the West Midlands, Herefordshire, Shropshire and Worcestershire, although one club, Dudley Wasps plays in the Midlands Reserve League, and two others, Bredon Star and Ross Wye, are both based in Gloucestershire and play in Gloucester 1 and Gloucester 2 respectively (tiers 9-10). In 2014 the North Midlands RFU introduced a 'Plate' competition for sides eliminated in the early stages of the vase. It is one of three men's club competitions in the region along with the North Midlands Cup (for tier 5-6 sides) and the North Midlands Shield (for tier 7-8 sides).
The current format is as a knock-out cup with a preliminary round, first round, quarter-final, semi-final and final which is held at a neutral venue in May (currently Heathbrook, home of Dudley Kingswinford RFC) along with the cup and shield finals. Due to the disjointed numbers of teams several teams have played in the preliminary round. Teams that lose in either the preliminary or first round stage then contest the plate while winners go on to contest the cup proper.

## North Midlands Vase winners

North Midlands Vase Winners :
| Season | Vase Winner | Score | Vase Runners–up | Plate Winner | Score | Plate Runners-up | Venue |
| 2005-06 | Kings Norton | 15-10 | Oswestry | | | | Stourton Park, Stourbridge, West Midlands |
| 2006-07 | Kings Norton | 10-10 (aet) | Bournville | | | | Stourton Park, Stourbridge, West Midlands |
| 2007-08 | Ross on Wye | 26-13 | Cleobury Mortimer | | | | Stourton Park, Stourbridge, West Midlands |
| 2008-09 | Ross on Wye | 12-6 | Evesham | | | | Stourton Park, Stourbridge, West Midlands |
| 2009-10 | Evesham | 35-15 | Yardley & District | | | | Stourton Park, Stourbridge, West Midlands |
| 2010-11 | Dudley Wasps | 27-18 | Edwardian | | | | Stourton Park, Stourbridge, West Midlands |
| 2011-12 | Edwardian | 24-12 | Market Drayton | | | | Heathbrook, Kingswinford, West Midlands |
| 2012-13 | Old Yardleians | 10-5 | Ross on Wye | | | | Heathbrook, Kingswinford, West Midlands |
| 2013-14 | Bredon Star | 34-7 | Woodrush | | | | Heathbrook, Kingswinford, West Midlands |
| 2014-15 | Evesham | 10-9 | Cleobury Mortimer | Redditch | 12-12 | Church Stretton | Heathbrook, Kingswinford, West Midlands |
| 2015-16 | Bredon Star | 36-7 | Redditch | Church Streeton | 41-26 | Greyhound | Heathbrook, Kingswinford, West Midlands |
| 2016-17 | Ross on Wye | 23-14 | Bromyard | Aldridge RFC | 13-11 | Aston Old Edwardians | Heathbrook, Kingswinford, West Midlands |
| 2017-18 | Ross on Wye | 41-12 | Dudley Wasps | Yardley & District | 28-11 | Greyhound | Heathbrook, Kingswinford, West Midlands |
# Samuel Goldman

Samuel Goldman may refer to:
* Sir Samuel Goldman (civil servant) (1912–2007), British civil servant and international banker
* Samuel Goldman (sculptor) (1882–1969), sculptor and anarchist
* Sam Goldman (1916–1978), American professional soccer player
# Pizzighettone

Pizzighettone (Pizzighettonese: Pisighitòn) is a comune of the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy. The main population centre is located on the river Adda and is divided into two parts: Pizzighettone on the east bank and Gera on the west.
Francis I of France was imprisoned in the tower of Pizzighettone following the Battle of Pavia in 1525. It was the site of the Insubrian town of Acerrae, and was home to the football team AS Pizzighettone, until the summer 2012 when it moved to city of Crema and changed its name to U.S. Pergolettese 1932.
Saint Vincenzo Grossi was born in Pizzighettone.
# Mittell

Mittell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jackie Mittell (1906–1976), Welsh professional footballer
* Jason Mittell (born 1970), American professor
* Lynn Mittell (born 1947), better known as Owen Money, Welsh musician, actor, comedian, and radio presenter
# Saint-Just-Sauvage

Saint-Just-Sauvage (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Punk Rock Jesus

Punk Rock Jesus is a six-issue limited series comic book created by Sean Murphy and published by Vertigo comics. The series ran for six issues from September 2012 to January 2013 and was collected as a trade paperback in April 2013.

## Background

The first issue was released July 11, 2012. Punk Rock Jesus won the IGN Award for Best Comic Mini-Series of 2012.

## Plot

In 2019 an entertainment company named OPHIS (Greek for serpent) starts what's known as the "J2 Project", a plan to resurrect Jesus Christ. A clone of Jesus Christ is made with DNA from the Shroud of Turin. The young Jesus is raised on an island with his entire life dictated and televised and viewed by nearly the entire world. Faced with these stresses the young Jesus ultimately becomes a rebellious punk rocker. Religious zealots either love or hate the show and politicians begin to fret over potential influences on the nation. The scientific community fears the implications of the cloning itself.

## Collected editions

Trade paperbacks :
| Title | Material collected | Publication date | ISBN |
| Punk Rock Jesus | Punk Rock Jesus #1–6 | April 9, 2013 | 978-1401237684 |
# Strained silicon directly on insulator

Strained silicon directly on insulator (SSDOI) is a procedure developed by IBM which removes the silicon germanium layer in the strained silicon process leaving the strained silicon directly on the insulator. In contrast, strained silicon on SGOI provides a strained silicon layer on a relaxed silicon germanium layer on an insulator, as developed by MIT.
# Rohallion railway station

Rohallion railway station was a private station from 1860 to 1864 on the Perth and Dunkeld Railway.

## History

The station opened in February 1860 by the Perth and Dunkeld Railway. It was a private station, built solely for William Drummond Stewart. It closed in October 1864 when trains stopped calling at the platform.
# Samo Vidovič

Samo Vidovič (born 24 September 1968) is a Slovenian retired footballer who played as a forward. He made one appearance for the unofficial Slovenian national team in June 1991 against Croatia, prior Slovenia gained admission to FIFA.
# Trichodiadema calvatum

Trichodiadema calvatum is succulent plant of the genus Trichodiadema, native to the Western Cape Province, South Africa, where it is found in shales, in open rocky areas within Renosterveld vegetation.
It occurs in the regions of Robertson, Montagu, Caledon and Swellendam.

## Description

A small, erect plant, with a thick trunk-like taproot that is widest at the top. The branches are usually gracile, with long, slender internodes (10–15 mm).
The leaves have prominent papillate epidermal cells all over their surface, and the leaf-tips have several slightly elongated bladder cells, extending at various levels. It is therefore without the leaf-tip diadems that are typical for the genus.
The solitary flowers are purple or deep pink, with a low central cone (later opening into a tube) and without filamentous staminodes.
# Modena Classic Open

The Modena Classic Open was an annual professional golf tournament held at Modena G&CC, near Modena, Italy.
The tournament became part of the second tier Challenge Tour schedule in 1996, where it remained until 1998.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1998 | Marc Pendariès | 270 | −18 | 1 stroke | Pauli Hughes |
| 1997 | Jesús María Arruti | 271 | −17 | 1 stroke | Mario Tadini |
| 1996 | Lee S. James | 282 | −6 | 1 stroke | Marcus Wheelhouse |
# Saeed Al-Zahrani

Saeed Al-Zahrani may refer to:
* Saeed Al-Zahrani (footballer, born 1992), Saudi footballer
* Saeed Al-Zahrani (footballer, born 1995), Saudi footballer
# Onepoto

Onepoto may refer to:
* Onepoto, Hawke's Bay, a small settlement near Lake Waikaremoana
* Onepoto, Wellington, a suburb of Porirua, New Zealand
* Onepoto (volcanic crater), a feature near Northcote in Auckland, New Zealand
* Onepoto Bridge, a bridge in Auckland, New Zealand
* Te Onepoto / Taylors Mistake is a beach and bach community on Banks Peninsula, New Zealand
# Punk Rock New York

Punk Rock New York is an album by punk band Reagan Youth. It was released after the break-up of the band in 1989 and the suicide of lead singer Dave Rubinstein in 1993. The album is a re-packaging of A Collection of Pop Classics, which compiles the two Reagan Youth studio albums onto a single CD, though it does not include the song "Degenerated".

## Track listing

* "Reagan Youth" - 1:15
* "(Down With the) New Aryans" - 1:17
* "(Are You) Happy?" - 1:33
* "No Class" - 1:34
* "I Hate Hate" - 1:58
* "Go Nowhere" - 1:22
* "USA" - 1:22
* "Anytown" - 2:00
* "In Dog We Trust" - 2:50
* "It's A Beautiful Day" - 3:53
* "Jesus Was A Pacifist" - 1:44
* "Urban Savages" - 1:23
* "What Will The Neighbors Think?" - 3:50
* "Get The Ruler Out" - 2:25
* "Brave New World" - 4:30
* "Miss Teen America" - 2:46
* "Heavy Metal Shuffle" - 4:38
* "Queen Babylon" - 5:12
* "Acid Rain" - 1:55
* "One Holy Bible" - 6:12
* "Back To The Garden (parts 1-1V)" - 4:05
* This article about a punk rock album from the 2000s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Saigon cinnamon

Saigon cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi, also known as Vietnamese cinnamon or Vietnamese cassia and quế trà my, quế thanh, or " quế trà bồng" in Vietnam) is an evergreen tree indigenous to mainland Southeast Asia. Saigon cinnamon is more closely related to cassia (C. cassia) than to Ceylon cinnamon (C. verum), though in the same genus as both. Saigon cinnamon has 1-5% essential oil content and 25% cinnamaldehyde in essential oil. Consequently, among the species, Saigon cinnamon commands a relatively high price.
The scientific name was originally spelled as Cinnamomum loureirii, but because the species is named after the botanist João de Loureiro, this is to be treated under the ICN as an orthographic error for the correctly derived spelling of loureiroi.
Saigon cinnamon contains the second highest amount of coumarin of all the four Cinnamomum species sold as cinnamon (after Indonesian cinnamon), with one study detecting 6.97 g/kg in an authenticated sample. Coumarin is moderately toxic to the liver and kidneys, and minor neurological dysfunction was found in children exposed to coumarin during pregnancy.

## Production and uses

Saigon cinnamon is produced primarily in Vietnam, both for domestic use and export. The Vietnam War disrupted production, but since the beginning of the early 21st century, Vietnam has resumed export of the spice, including to the United States, where it was unavailable for nearly 20 years. Although it is called Saigon cinnamon, it is not produced in the area around the southern city of Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), but instead in the Central Highlands regions of the country, particularly the Quảng Ngãi Province of central Vietnam.
Saigon cinnamon is used primarily for its aromatic bark, which has a taste quite similar to that of C. cassia, but with a more pronounced and complex aroma.
In Vietnamese cuisine, Saigon cinnamon bark is an important ingredient in the broth used to make phở, a popular noodle soup dish.

## Gallery

* Vietnam cinnamon bark collected in Bắc Trà My, Quảng Nam, Vietnam
* Vietnam cinnamon leaves collected in Bắc Trà My, Quảng Nam, Vietnam
# Strained quantum-well laser

A strained quantum well laser is a type of quantum-well laser, which was invented by Professor Alf Adams at the University of Surrey in 1986. The laser is distinctive for producing a more concentrated beam than other quantum well lasers, making it considerably more efficient. The lasers are notable for usage in CD, DVD, and Blu-Ray drives as well as applications in supermarket barcode readers and telephone optical transmission.
# Samo language (New Guinea)

Samo, also known as Daba, Nomad, and Supei, is a Trans–New Guinea language of New Guinea, spoken in the plains east of the Strickland River in Western Province of Papua New Guinea. It has switch-reference marking for the subject of a clause.
# Tribal knowledge

Tribal knowledge is knowledge that is known within an in-group of people but unknown outside of it. A tribe, in this sense, is a group of people that share such a common knowledge. In the context of corporations, tribal knowledge or know-how has been described most broadly as the collective wisdom of the organization and the sum of all the knowledge and capabilities of all the people; however, in management science, it is usually viewed as a particular subset thereof: a type of institutional memory that lacks adequate documentation, such that its preservation in the organization over time relies solely on processes such as mentoring, apprenticeship, on-the-job training, and, at the heart of all of those, continuity of staffing, which is inherently vulnerable to employee turnover (of both workers and managers). It is knowledge that is necessary to an organization's function and yet is inadequately documented or otherwise captured.

## Terminology

The concept exists independently of which name is used to label it. But the name tribal knowledge came about by analogy with the many kinds of human tribes as studied in cultural anthropology. The term has been described as jargon, but it remains the most widely established term for the concept, notwithstanding.

## In companies

Tribal knowledge is any unwritten information that is not commonly known by others within a company. This term is used most when referencing information that may need to be known by others in order to produce quality products or services. The information may be key to quality performance, but it may also be totally incorrect. Unlike similar forms of artisan intelligence, tribal knowledge can be converted into company property. It is often a good source of test factors during improvement efforts.
Tribal knowledge may be one aspect of a group's bus factor. If too many individuals with tribal knowledge leave a team, the knowledge may be lost and hamper the team's ability to work.
Tribal knowledge has a lot of commonality with tacit knowledge. Both tacit and tribal knowledge are formed by personal stories, learning experiences, mentorships and in-person trainings. This type of knowledge is often stored in member's heads, and is hard to codify and pass along. That makes tacit and tribal knowledge the opposite of explicit knowledge.

### Six sigma

Tribal Knowledge is a term often associated with a process step of the Six Sigma process. It is often referred to as knowledge 'known' yet undocumented, such as information that has been handed down generation to generation with no documentation. It is knowledge contained within a group that is assumed to be factual, but has no known data or analysis to verify that it is factual. The Six Sigma community has adopted the term as an analogy of a company.

### Tribal Knowledge Paradox

"The Tribal Knowledge Paradox" refers to the common belief and management rhetoric that business success is dependent on the knowledge and skills of labor, even as business organization, structure, processes, and management actions conflict with the rhetoric and discourage free information flow.
# Mists of Everness

Mists of Everness is John C. Wright's sequel to his novel Last Guardian of Everness, published in 2005, continuing the harrowing adventures of Raven, Wendy, Lemuel, Peter, and Galen. We learn here that to save the world from the evil tyrant Morningstar (Satan, Lucifer), they must hand it over to the "good" tyrant Oberon. Mists of Everness gets its title from the mists that fog people's minds, making the magic world/dream world invisible and incorporeal to mortals.
This latest installment in the Chronicles of Everness includes new mythologies: that of the oldtime radio program, "The Shadow," and the three dark gods: Fate, Death, and War.
As in the previous novel, Wright blends classical, Norse, Judeo-Christian, Celtic, Hindu, Persian, and other mythologies into a riveting, though complicated, whole.
Likewise, as in the first novel, Wright contrasts European/Old World mythos with the American ideals of democracy, liberty, and justice. Also, while the books contain mythologies/legendary from around the world (including reference to Hindu beliefs, medieval Muslim knights, and Asian warriors), these books are first and foremost about dreams:
Basically, the world of dreams, aka "magic, myth, and monsters," is a world where the old gods of Europe, Asia, and Africa live on and coexist with the ideas/dreams/stories of J.R.R. Tolkien (with references to Tirion and Vinyamar, called Vindyamar in the book), H. P. Lovecraft, and E.R. Eddison, among others. The theme of the book is that dreams, although powerful and necessary for human sanity, are dangerous if brought into the real world.
What sets Mists of Everness apart from the first book is the depth to which the author goes in describing oneirotech: "Dream-science." With a little dream-power and the aid of the Silver Key, mortals are able to make dreams into matter. The psychology of dreams and the unconscious mind also play a deeper role. For example, one character explains how certain symbols/objects have more power in the dream realm because they are deeply ingrained in the collective unconscious (called "racial subconscious" in the book). Swords work better than guns because a sword has mythic properties about it, connotations that reach back into the psyche of every dreaming human. In other words, swords have a deeper psychological meaning for humans than guns, horses more than cars, etc.

## Possible sequel

The author has said that he has a number of ideas for a third book (tentatively called Gates of Everness), but as of 2008 hasn't announced any plans to write it in the immediate future.
# Saint-Ambroise

Saint-Ambroise may refer to:
* Saint-Ambroise, Quebec, Canada
* Saint-Ambroise Church, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
* Saint-Ambroise-de-Kildare, Quebec, Canada
* Saint-Ambroise (Paris Métro)
* Saint-Ambroise, Paris, a Roman Catholic parish church in France
# Pupil-teacher

Pupil teacher was a training program in wide use before the twentieth century, as an apprentice system for teachers. With the emergence in the beginning of the nineteenth century of education for the masses, demand for teachers increased. By 1840, it had become evident that the academic preparation of students for teacher training in a college system was inadequate. In 1846, Britain formalized a pupil-teacher system, focusing on training middle-class teachers, in which a senior pupil of at least thirteen years old, served as an apprentice, typically for five years, to learn the teaching profession. Pupil-teachers acted as a teacher of younger children, learning from observation and practical application, while simultaneously completing their own educations.
It was widely criticized for its inability to provide adequate professional preparation, in the 1870s and 1880s, pupil teachers began being offered instruction at centres nationwide throughout Britain, which were designed to improve their training. The centres provided professional training by the best teachers in the elementary school system, but were not standardized. Most students who participated in centre programs spent half of their training on theory at the centralized school and half of their training with hands-on teaching in schools.
In the Anglo-Caribbean, the system was widely used until the 1950s, offering students contracts of a specific period. The most promising primary students were selected for recruitment as educators. In exchange for offsetting the costs of their own education, they assisted teachers in instructing younger classmates. Upon completing their own education, pupil teachers were required to pass examinations to begin their own independent teaching. In some cases, the pupil teacher system was used as a stepping-stone to provide a basis of payment for secondary education before students were able to attend regular normal school training. While in theory, the Caribbean pupil-teacher program operated as an apprentice system, because there was an extreme shortage of teachers, in actuality, pupil-teachers often served as a full member of the teaching staff, having little time to attend to their own studies.
# Saint-Ciers-sur-Bonnieure

Saint-Ciers-sur-Bonnieure (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Ciers on Bonnieure, before 1962: Saint-Ciers) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.
# Stoatley Rough School

Stoatley Rough School was a school founded in 1934 by Dr Hilde Lion in Haslemere in England. It was for Jewish children who were refugees from Germany, helping them acclimatise to British education. Bertha Bracey – an organiser of the Quaker Germany Emergency Committee – found a donor for the school building, chaired the board of governors from 1938 to 1945 and continued as a governor of the school until 1960 when the school closed. Dr. Emmy Wolff taught German literature and became second in command at the school in 1937.
# Zombie Wranglers

Zombie Wranglers is a downloadable action game, developed by Frozen Codebase and published by Activision for the Xbox Live Arcade. It was released on May 6, 2009.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 49/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| GameSpot | 3/10 |
| IGN | 5/10 |
| Official Xbox Magazine (UK) | 6/10 |
| Official Xbox Magazine (US) | 6/10 |
| PALGN | 3.5/10 |
| TeamXbox | 7.5/10 |
| Teletext GameCentral | 3/10 |
Zombie Wranglers received "generally unfavorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
# Samuel Bernard (Jamaica)

Samuel Bernard was the speaker of the House of Assembly of Jamaica for 1679–88.
# Plaque

Plaque may refer to:

## Commemorations or awards

* Commemorative plaque, a plate, usually fixed to a wall or other vertical surface, meant to mark an event, person, etc.
* Memorial Plaque (medallion), issued to next-of-kin of dead British military personnel after World War I
* Plaquette, a small plaque in bronze or other materials

## Science and healthcare

* Amyloid plaque
* Atheroma or atheromatous plaque, a buildup of deposits within the wall of an artery
* Dental plaque, a biofilm that builds up on teeth
* A broad papule, a type of cutaneous condition
* Pleural plaque, associated with mesothelioma, cancer often caused by exposure to asbestos
* Senile plaques, an extracellular protein deposit in the brain implicated in Alzheimer's disease
* Skin plaque, a plateau-like lesion that is greater in its diameter than in its depth
* Viral plaque, a visible structure formed by virus propagation within a cell culture

## Other uses

* Plaque, a rectangular casino token