OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Obsonville

Obsonville (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It has 114 inhabitants as of 2018.

## Demographics

Inhabitants are called Obsonvillois.
# Stapedius muscle

The stapedius is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body. At just over one millimeter in length, its purpose is to stabilize the smallest bone in the body, the stapes or stirrup bone of the middle ear.

## Structure

The stapedius emerges from a pinpoint foramen or opening in the apex of the pyramidal eminence (a hollow, cone-shaped prominence in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity), and inserts into the neck of the stapes. $^{:863}$

### Nerve supply

The stapedius is supplied by the nerve to stapedius, a branch of the facial nerve. $^{:863}$

## Function

The stapedius dampens the vibrations of the stapes by pulling on the neck of that bone. $^{:863}$ As one of the muscles involved in the acoustic reflex it prevents excess movement of the stapes, helping to control the amplitude of sound waves from the general external environment to the inner ear.

## Clinical significance

Paralysis of the stapedius allows wider oscillation of the stapes, resulting in heightened reaction of the auditory ossicles to sound vibration. This condition, known as hyperacusis, causes normal sounds to be perceived as very loud. Paralysis of the stapedius muscle may result when the nerve to the stapedius, a branch of the facial nerve, is damaged, or when the facial nerve itself is damaged before the nerve to stapedius branches. In cases of Bell's palsy, a unilateral paralysis of the facial nerve, the stapedius is paralyzed and hyperacusis may result.

## Other animals

Like the stapes bone to which it attaches, the stapedius muscle shares evolutionary history with other vertebrate structures.
The mammalian stapedius evolved from a muscle called the depressor mandibulae in other tetrapods, the function of which was to open the jaws (this function was taken over by the digastric muscle in mammals). The depressor mandibulae arose from the levator operculi in bony fish, and is equivalent to the epihyoidean in sharks. Like the stapedius, all of these muscles derive from the hyoid arch and are innervated by cranial nerve VII.
# Vazhempuram

Vazhempuram is a location in Karakurissi Grama Panchayath in Palakkad district of Kerala.

## Location

Vazhempuram is approximately 2 km from the National Highway 966. It is a rural area. It is around 32 km from the district headquarters. Vazhempuram comes under the Karakurissi village with PINcode 678595. Karakurussi Gramapanchayth, Govt Ayurveda Dispensary, Karakurussi Cooperative Bank etc. are located at Vazhempuram. Kanjirapuzha dam, one of the major tourist locations in the district is situated just 13 km from here.

## Nomenclature

The name Vazhempuram consists of two parts: 'Vazha' means plantain and 'puram' means town in Malayalam.

## Religion

Vazhempuram is a Muslim dominated area with a number of Hindu families are living in perfect harmony with other religious groups. Christians are minority here. Chullissery Sree Rama Swamy Temple, Kannayil Bhuvaneswary Temple etc. are the major Hindu temples here. Vazhempuram Sunni Juma Masjid, Arappara St. Sebastians Church are located within 1 km radius of the location.

## Hospitals and healthcare facilities

Close to the Karakurussi Grama Panchath office, there is a Govt. Ayurveda Dispensary is functioning. There are a number of private allopathic medicinal practitioners, homeopathic practitioners are available in this area.

## Educational facilities

The educational needs of the children are catered by Aided Mappila Upper Primary School, Karakurussi. Sree Ramakrishna Vidyanikethan, Vazhempuam is also now provide ample educational opportunities up to class 5.

## Culture

Vazhempuram village is a predominantly Muslim populated area. Hindus exist in smaller numbers. The culture of the locality is based upon Muslim traditions. Duff Muttu, Kolkali and Aravanamuttu are common folk arts. The Hindu minority of this area keeps their traditions by celebrating various festivals in their temples. Hindu rituals are done here with a regular devotion like other parts of Kerala. The 'Palli Perunnal' of St. Sebastian's Church is also celebrated in splendid manner.

## Transportation

Vazhempuram village is connected to National Highway 966 via Ponnamkode-Karakurussi Road. This national highway connects Palakkad with Kozhikode via Malappuram. This area is connected to Mannarkkad via Tipu Sultan Road. The nearest Railway station is Palghat Junction. The nearest airport is Kozhikode International Airport.
# Takunda Mafika

Takunda Mafika (31 October 1983 – 12 October 2011) was a Zimbabwean musician and teacher living in Harare, Zimbabwe.

## Career as a musician and teacher

Takunda Mafika played the Mbira, an African music instrument, famous among the Shona people of Zimbabwe. He taught the mbira to individuals, local schools and colleges and held numerous workshops and performances in Zimbabwe, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Poland and Namibia. He also taught to the internet public through the Easy Languages website on YouTube </ref> With his band he founded, called Tru Bantu, he recorded the album Dzimwe Nguva, that has sold both locally and internationally. He had been working with many well known Zimbabwean artists like Willom Tight, Chiwoniso, Alexio, Mafriq, Sebede, Sam & Selmor Mtukudzi, among others. Takunda Mafika was also the co-founder and manager of the Mbira Society Zimbabwe. Takunda ( nicknamed TK) was a former Junior Governor in the year 2000's Children's Parliament. He had a degree in Music and Musicology earned from the Midlands State University in Zimbabwe. Since 2009 Taku worked as a UNESCO Schools coordinator within the framework of education for sustainable development. In 2010 Taku was invited to join an international music tour organized by the Jesuit Mission Nuremberg, Germany, along with musicians from Europe, Asia, South America and Africa.

## Social activism

Through his music and activities Taku often addressed social issues in Zimbabwe as well as subjects of democracy and freedom. He was a known advocate for a peaceful and sustainable development in Zimbabwe. Apart from his commitment as a UNESCO teacher he was the country coordinator for The Global Experience, an international NGO based in Münster, Germany. He was invited on numerous occasions to Germany to participate in conferences and trainings in matters of youth participation, intercultural learning and media competency.

## Death

Taku was taken to hospital after suffering from a stroke on 1 October 2011. He initially showed signs of recovering from a brain operation on 7 October, but his condition rapidly declined during the night of 11 October. Taku died during the early hours of 12 October 2011. Taku is survived by a daughter who stays in Chivhu, his home town.
# Ready for Boarding

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal | 6/10 |
Ready for Boarding is a live album by German heavy metal band Running Wild. It was recorded at a concert in Munich. The song "Purgatory" has never been recorded for a studio album and is dedicated to the Parents Music Resource Center.

## Personnel

* Rolf Kasparek – guitar, vocals
* Majk Moti – guitar, backing vocals
* Jens Becker – bass, backing vocals
* Stefan Schwarzmann – drums

### Production

* Irene Vögeli – photography

## Charts

2022 chart performance for Ready for Boarding :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 54 |
# Pycnandra filipes

Pycnandra fillipes is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia and has two subspecies: subsp. fillipes and subsp. multiflora.
# Vince Roberts

Harold Vincent Roberts (1 October 1916–21 April 1993) was a New Zealand public servant and diplomat.

## Biography

In 1959 Roberts joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1964 to 1969 He was posted to the New Zealand Embassy in Paris as counsellor and on two occasions was Chargé d'affaires. In 1971 he was appointed New Zealand ambassador to the Netherlands by the prime minister Sir Keith Holyoake. In 1973 he was given concurrent accreditation to both Norway and Sweden. The most notable event during his tenure was when New Zealand took France to the World Court in The Hague on the issue of French nuclear tests in the Pacific. He left the post in 1977 and returned to Wellington. He was then the head of the African and Middle East Division of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and led a New Zealand delegation to Geneva in 1980 to press for a treaty to comprehensively ban nuclear testing.
Roberts died on 21 April 1993, aged 76. He was cremated at the Karori Cemetery crematorium.
# Ocenebra hispidula

Ocenebra hispidula is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 21.9 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs mainly in the Mediterranean Sea off Tunisia.
# Peter Boehm

Peter Michael Boehm (born April 26, 1954) is a Canadian politician, former diplomat and deputy minister. He was appointed to the Senate of Canada in October 2018. Boehm was ambassador of Canada to Germany from 2008 to 2012. He was associate deputy minister and then senior associate deputy minister at Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada from 2012 to 2016. He became deputy minister of international development in March 2016, and on July 31, 2017, was appointed deputy minister for the 2018 G7 Summit. He also continued as the Canadian "Sherpa" or personal representative of the prime minister for the G7 summits, as well as the Nuclear Security Summit.
On October 3, 2018, Boehm was nominated by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to the Senate after he was recommended by the Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments.

## Education

Boehm holds a PhD in history from the University of Edinburgh with the thesis 'Towards principled influence : an overview of Canadian foreign policy, 1943-1948', a master's degree in international relations from Carleton University and an honours bachelor's degree in English and history from Wilfrid Laurier University.

## Career

A career diplomat, Boehm has served as assistant deputy minister for the Americas, North America, and consular affairs at the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, where he was also the department's first chief political/economic officer. From 1997 to 2001 he was ambassador and permanent representative to the Organization of American States (OAS). From 2001 to 2004 he was minister (political and public affairs) at the Canadian Embassy in Washington.
He has held a variety of positions at the department and has also been assigned to the Canadian Embassies in Havana and San José. In 1993 he received the Canadian Foreign Service Officer Award for his contribution to the establishment of peace in Central America. In the Americas, he served as national summit coordinator for the Santiago and Québec City Summits, special envoy for the OAS Democratization Mission in Peru and personal representative (sherpa) of the prime minister for the Mar del Plata Summit in 2005.
From 2005 to 2008 he was the senior official responsible for the North American Leaders' Summits. He is a recipient of the Outstanding Achievement Award, the most prestigious award in the Public Service of Canada. From 2008 to 2012 he was Canadian ambassador in Berlin. In November 2012 he was appointed associate deputy minister (and later, senior associate deputy minister) of Foreign Affairs.
He was the deputy minister of international development from March 2016, and in June 2017 he was appointed as the deputy minister for the G7 Summit.
Boehm retired from the public service in September 2018 and was appointed to the Senate in early October. He represents Ontario in the upper chamber.
# Vanessa carye

Vanessa carye, the western painted lady, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in South America, from the mountains of Colombia and west of Caracas (Venezuela) through Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, southern Brazil, and Paraguay to Patagonia in Argentina. It is also found on Easter Island and Tuamotus.
The larvae feed on Achyrocline flaccida and many other species.
# Wichita County

Wichita County is the name of the following counties in the United States:
* Wichita County, Kansas
* Wichita County, Texas
# Tamerlan Shadukayev

Tamerlan Shadukayev (born 22 January 1996) is a Kazakh Greco-Roman wrestler. He won the gold medal in the 77 kg event at the 2020 Asian Wrestling Championships held in New Delhi, India.

## Career

Shadukayev won one of the bronze medals in the 75 kg event at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
In 2019, Shadukayev won one of the bronze medals in the 77 kg event at the Asian Wrestling Championships held in Xi'an, China. At the 2019 World U23 Wrestling Championship held in Budapest, Hungary, he also won one of the bronze medals in the 77 kg event.
In 2021, Shadukayev won one of the bronze medals in the 77 kg event at the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2021 held in Rome, Italy.
He competed in the 77 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Location | Result | Event |
| 2017 | Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games | Ashgabat, Turkmenistan | 3rd | Greco-Roman 75 kg |
| 2019 | Asian Championships | Xi'an, China | 3rd | Greco-Roman 77 kg |
| 2020 | Asian Championships | New Delhi, India | 1st | Greco-Roman 77 kg |
# William Richard Rumbold

William Richard Rumbold (1 March 1760 – 14 June 1786) was an English politician who was Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis from 1781 to 1784.

## Life and career

Rumbold was the son of Governor of Madras Thomas Rumbold. His brothers George Rumbold was an ambassador and his brother Charles Rumbold was a fellow MP. Rumbold came to India in 1778 and became a Aide-de-Camp to Sir Hector Munro. He held the rank of Captain in the 1st Foot Guards and fought in the Siege of Pondicherry in October 1778. His father was sent back to England for enquiry on misconduct and illegal acquisition of wealth. When he became a member of Parliament for Weymouth, he supported his father and sought the downfall of Lord North. Both he and his father failed to obtain a seat for Shaftesbury.
# Pyrausta suavidalis

Pyrausta suavidalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Brazil.
# Ready to Love

Ready to Love may refer to:
* "Ready to Love", a song by After School from the "Diva" single
* "Ready to Love", a song by Katrina Woolverton
* "Ready to Love", a song by Scott Stapp from The Space Between the Shadows
* "Ready to Love", a song by Seventeen from the album Your Choice
* Ready to Love, an EP by Harmony Samuels
* Ready to Love, a 2018 American reality television series on OWN
# Victus

Victus, the Fall of Barcelona is a historical novel by the Catalan anthropologist Albert Sánchez Piñol published by HarperCollins in September 2014. It is based in the fictitious biography of the Lieutenant Colonel Marti Zuviria who, being 98, tells from Vienna his memories as an engineer serving the commander Antoni de Villarroel during the War of the Spanish Succession, especially during the Siege of Barcelona.
The book was written originally in Spanish, but was quickly translated into Catalan and many other languages, including English. Since its original publication in October 2012, the book has sold more than 200,000 copies either in Catalan or Spanish, and the rights of translation have been sold for the book to be translated into Russian, German, Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, French, Korean, and Croatian. In 2015, the author published the novel's sequel, Vae Victus

## Controversy

On September the 4, 2014, the book's launch ceremony in Utrecht was cancelled because of pressures coming from the Spanish Embassy in the Netherlands, who declared the ceremony as "sensitive for the political moment" and blamed the book for "historical distortion" in favour of the independentist Catalonian movement. Juliette van Wersch, the Dutch editor of Victus, described the fact as censorship, but avoiding any comment about the alleged historical distortion.
# Sursum Corda (Italy)

Sursum Corda was an Italian student movement organized with irredentist purposes before 1914. It may be considered one of the precursors of fascist organizations in Italy and seems to have its origins in the Italian youth organisations from the first years of the 20th century such as the battaglioni studenteschi founded in 1906 (or so) in Milan. The model were the German Burschenschaften.
Their Fiuman member was Nino Host Venturi, According to Host Venturi, he already in 1913 organised a Battaglione studenti volontari "Sursum Corda" in Brescia with students and expats from Austria-Hungary. They trained during weekends in the surrounding hills with the support from Italian regular army officers. In spring 1919 they had already a battalion-strength formation in Trieste. Nino Host Venturi kept the contacts with Gabriele D'Annunzio and organised his arrival in Fiume. Leo Negrelli from Trieste was another affiliate of the “Sursum Corda.”
# Ocenebra ingloria

Ocenebra ingloria is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 18 mm. it lives in the marine and found in Chioggia Italy and often trawled by local fishermen. It stays -20/30m inside sea soil
# Stefan Johannesson

Stefan Johannesson (born 22 November 1971) is a Swedish football referee. Johannesson currently resides in Täby. He was a full international referee for FIFA between 2003 and 2017. He became a professional referee in 1994 and has been an Allsvenskan referee since 2001. Johannesson has refereed 235 matches in Allsvenskan, 32 matches in Superettan and 79 international matches as of 2014.
# Velents þáttr smiðs

Velents þáttr smiðs is the name given to the part of the Þiðrekssaga af Bern saga that deals with Wayland the Smith (Velent, Wieland, Völundr).

## Summary

Velent is the son of the giant Vaði from Sjaelland. He is sent as an apprentice to Mímir, a smith from Húnaland. But Sigurðr is also there by that time, and he beats the other apprentices. When Vaði learns that, he brings Velent back home and sends him to two skilful dwarves who live in a mountain called Kallava. The dwarves agree to teach Velent everything they know, but threaten to kill him if his father does not fetch him at the appointed time. Vaði dies in an avalanche, but Velent escapes the dwarves' threat by killing them.
Velent then sails to Denmark in a hollowed-out tree and eventually arrives at Jutland, where king Niðung is reigning. Velent is soon challenged by Niðung's smith Amilias. Amilias forges a suit of armour, while Velent forges the sword Mímung, with which he easily kills his rival. Velent thus gains great fame as a smith.
At the eve of a battle, Niðung realises that he has forgotten his victory stone and offers his daughter and half of his kingdom to the one who can get it before sunset. Velent fetches the stone but, when he brings it to the arm, the king's dróttseti (seneschal) asks for it. Velent refuses to give it up and kills the knight. Niðung banishes him.
Later, Velent tries to avenge himself by poisoning the king and his daughter, but he gets caught, is hamstrung, and is set to work in the forge. But he eventually kills Niðung's two younger sons in his smithy and makes a whole set of tableware for the king out of their bones. He also seduces the king's daughter, getting her pregnant.
Velent's brother Egill comes to the court. He is a famous archer and Niðung challenges him to shoot an apple from the head of his son. Egill is only allowed to shoot only one arrow, but prepares three. After he succeeds with his first arrow, the King Niðung asks him what the other two were for, and he explains that had he hit the King's son, he would have shot the king with the others.
Velent asks his brother to collect feathers, with which he makes himself wings. He flies to Niðung and reveals to him that he has killed his sons and got his daughter pregnant. He then flies away. Egill is ordered by the king to shoot him down. But Velent has tied a bladder filled with blood under his arm. Egill hits it, thus deceiving the king, and Velent returns to Sjaelland.
Niðung dies shortly after and his surviving son Otvin succeeds him. The princess gives birth to a son called Viðga. Velent settles a peace agreement with Otvin and he marries the princess, as they both had agreed before his escape.
# Raimon Gaucelm de Bezers

Raimon Gaucelm de Bezers (fl. 1262–1275) was a Languedocian troubadour with nine surviving works. Many of his works appear with dates in the rubrics in manuscript C, a 14th-century work now "BN f.f. 856" in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, allowing his career to be dated with ease.
Raimon was from Béziers, where he was a contemporary resident with Joan Esteve and Bernart d'Auriac. The poets of Béziers in that day were Gallicised heavily and supported the French over and against the native Occitan aristocracy. In this vein he wrote, in 1268, Qui vol aver complida amistansa, a canso about Louis IX of France and his preparations for the Eighth Crusade. In 1270 he wrote Ab grans trebalhs et ab grans marrimens, another canso and this time also a planh for Louis IX after his failed Crusade and death.
Raimon was a middle-class, urban poet, and certainly no courtesan. He was also a non-noble opponent of the artificial courtliness which surrounded aristocratic life in his day. He wrote A penas vauc en loc qu'om nom deman to encourage generosity to the poor. It is an indicator of his status in society that he penned Quascus planh le sieu damnatge, a planh (1262) for a local bourgeois named Guiraut de Linhan and the only such poem surviving for a middle-class figure.
Raimon was fairly popular in his own lifetime, as evidenced by the first stanza of Un sirventes, si pogues, volgra far, a sirventes. In it Raimon says that he wishes to go somewhere where the people don't ask him avetz fag res novel? ("have you made anything new?"). This poem was dedicated to Raimon Gaucelm de Sabran, lord of Uzès, whom Raimon calls fraire (brother) because they share a first name. Another poem, Belh Senher Dieus, quora veirai mo fraire, was dedicated, according to its rubric, to the senhor d’Uzest que avia nom aissi quon elh Raimon Gaucelm: "lord of Uzès who has the same name as Raimon Gaucelm."
Raimon composed one humorous partimen (a tenso with a proposed dilemma) with Joan Miralhas in which Raimon poses the following question:
| Joan Miralhas, si Dieu vos gart de dol, cal re·s plai mai d'aquesta partizo: que siatz totz redons del cap tro·l sol, o totz fendutz del pe tro al mento e que portes sobre·l nas la culveta? | Joan Miralhas, may God guard you from pain, what would please you more from the following partimen: that you be circular with your head attached to your sole, or cleaved of everything between your feet and your chin and thus to wear a belt around your nose? |
Raimon also wrote religious songs, including A Dieu done m'arma de bon'amor and Dieus m'a dada febre tersana dobla. This last was, according to the rubric, so son coblas que fes R. Gaucelm quan fo malautes: "the stanzas R. Gaucelm made when he was ill." It was composed on the model of A Dieu done m'arma as a prayer to God for delivery from illness and from sin, possibly on the poet's deathbed (c. 1285).

## Works

* Complete works at Rialto

## Sources

* Riquer, Martín de. Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos. 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.