OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Charts

The Charts may refer to:
* The Charts (American group), 1950s
* The Charts (French group), 1990s
* Record chart music ranking.
# The RNAi Consortium

The RNAi Consortium, or TRC, is a public-private partnership whose mission is to create libraries of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) for 15'000 human and 15'000 mouse genes. These libraries should help the scientific community to analyse gene function by RNAi. The consortium is based at the Broad Institute of the MIT and Harvard University, and includes 6 MIT- and Harvard-associated institutions and 5 international life sciences organizations. Verified RNAi clones and entire libraries are made available both by Sigma-Aldrich and Open Biosystems.

## Hairpin selection

A set of candidate hairpins are selected based on the 1st Refseq transcript from each NCBI gene. They should be 21mers, be at least 25bp from start of the coding sequence and no closer than 150bp from its end. Candidates are scored based on various empirical rules (see the Broad Institute's web site for a complete list ) and then BLASTed against two transcriptome sets. Hairpins that are unique for a Unigene cluster and a RefSeq NM identifier are preferred. Lastly, the candidates are spaced to have one hairpin in the 3' untranslated region and four in the coding sequence.

## Hairpin vector

Selected hairpins are cloned into the vector pLKO1, which is a multipurpose plasmid that can be propagated in bacteria, transfected into mammalian cell lines or used for generation of lentiviruses. It contains resistance genes against ampicillin and puromycin.

## Release

Release 1 of the TRC lentiviral shRNA libraries consist of about 35'000 shRNA constructs against 5300 human (25'000 clones) and 2200 mouse genes (10'000 clones). Release 2 of the human shRNA library contained an additional 9'500 clones. Releases occur roughly every quarter. The completing of both mouse and human libraries is envisioned for the end of 2006 or beginning of 2007.
# Samuel Goldman (civil servant)

Sir Samuel Goldman KCB (10 March 1912 – 28 July 2007) was Second Permanent Secretary at Her Majesty's Treasury and later an international banker.
He was the youngest son of Jewish immigrants. He was educated at the Davenant Foundation School and Raine's School. His father and brothers worked in the clothing business but at the age of 17 he gained a scholarship to the London School of Economics (LSE). His BSc in 1932 was the top first in Economics; he won the Gladstone Memorial Prize. In 1934 he gained an MSc for a thesis titled "English Theory of Capital from a Hayekian Viewpoint." Hayek himself approved the thesis.
He worked for Moody's Economist Services, 1934–38, Joseph Sebag & Co., 1938–39 and the Bank of England, 1940–47. He joined the Civil Service in 1947, first in the Central Statistical Office then transferred to the Treasury in September 1947. The leading priority then in the Treasury was post-war recovery. He spent his career in the finance group until 1968, becoming Chief Statistician, 1948; Assistant Secretary, 1952; Under-Secretary, 1960 and Third Secretary, 1962. In 1968, he was appointed Second Permanent Secretary in charge of public spending, serving under both the Labour government of Harold Wilson and the Conservative one of Edward Heath. He was made CB in 1963 and KCB in 1969.
Retiring in 1972, he became chairman of Henry Ansbacher Holdings and managing director of Orion Bank. He was Chairman of the Covent Garden Market Authority, 1976-81. He was among the first people to be made an honorary fellow of LSE.
# Santa Barbara, New Mexico

Santa Barbara is a former settlement in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, now the site of Hatch, New Mexico. It lay at an elevation of 4,058 feet/1,237 meters.

## History

Santa Barbara was first established by native New Mexican farmers in 1851, along the road between the Jornada del Muerto and Cooke's Wagon Road northwest of the San Diego Crossing. Apache raids soon drove them away until 1853 when Fort Thorn, was constructed nearby to the west northwest that protected it from the raids of the Apache.
Following the abandonment of Fort Thorn in 1859, the fort continued to be the location of the Apache Agency of Dr. Michael Steck. However the Agency and Santa Barbara were abandoned in 1860 in the face resumed Navajo raiding. Hatch was later founded in 1875, on the site of Santa Barbara.
# Showa Aircraft Industry

Showa Aircraft Industry Co., Ltd. (昭和飛行機工業株式会社, Shōwa Hikōki Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese company. Its headquarters are at Akishima-shi, Tokyo Prefecture, a region of Tokyo Metropolis. It was established in 1937 as a manufacturer of military aircraft in Akishima-shi. In World War II it was one of two companies manufacturing the Showa/Nakajima L2D, a license-built Douglas DC-3 variant. It also manufactured other military aircraft.
# Navalmoral

Navalmoral is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 471 inhabitants.
# Trembleur Lake

Trembleur Lake is a lake in the Omineca Country of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, northwest of Fort St. James between Stuart Lake and the south end of Takla Lake. It is part of the Nechako Lakes. Its name in the Dakelh language is Dzindlat Bun. It has also been known as Cross Lake. Trembleur Lake Provincial Park is on its north shore, above the Middle River. The reserve settlement of Middle River is at that river's mouth into Trembleur Lake.
# Senir, Gündoğmuş

Senir is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Gündoğmuş, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 294 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).
# Thrill Me Up

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | 1988: link 1996: link |
Thrill Me Up was the second full-length album by The Toasters. The album was written by Robert "Bucket" Hingley and Cavo Dinsmore. The album was not as successful as their first album, Skaboom.
Thrill Me Up was originally made in 1988, but in 1996 The Toasters re-released it on the Celluloid record label. Celluloid folded shortly after the release, but Rob Hingly reissued the album on his own record label, Moon Ska Records.

## Track listing

* Go Girl 3:26
* Don't Blame Me 3:31
* Haitian Frustration 3:46
* Decision at Midnight 3:39
* Frankenska 2:50
* Thrill Me Up 3:03
* Ska Killers 3:08
* Johnny Go Ska 3:02
* Keep on Going 3:21
* Rhapsody in Bluebeat 1:57
* Haitian Frustration 3:49
* Brixton Beat 3:23
* The Beat 4:16
* No Respect 3:26
$_{Tracks11-14werenotincludedontheoriginal1988release}$
# The Chinese Bungalow (1940 film)

The Chinese Bungalow, also known as Chinese Den, is a 1940 British drama film directed by George King and starring Kay Walsh, Jane Baxter and Paul Lukas. It was adapted from the 1925 play The Chinese Bungalow by Marion Osmond and James Corbett. King was a former producer of quota quickies who was increasingly working on films with better budgets during the early war years.
It was made at Beaconsfield Studios.

## Cast

* Paul Lukas as Yuan Sing
* Kay Walsh as Sadie Merivale
* Jane Baxter as Charlotte Merivale
* Robert Douglas as Richard Marquess
* Wallace Douglas as Harold Marquess
* Jerry Verno as Stubbins
* Mayura as Ayah
* John Salew as Mr. Lum
* James Woodburn as Dr. Cameron
# The Onion Book of Known Knowledge

The Onion Book of Known Knowledge is a satirical encyclopaedia written by the staff of The Onion, an American satirical newspaper. The book was published by Little, Brown and Company on October 23, 2012.
The book satirizes topics in a wide range of fields, including politics, history, entertainment, medicine and religion.

## Development

According to Onion editor Will Tracy, the writing process saw the team listing down various topics they felt had to be covered, such as God and World War II. Once these topics were written, the writers were then given the freedom to write about any other topic they wanted. The writers also scattered various inside jokes throughout the book.

## Publication history

Written by the staff of The Onion, the book was published by Little, Brown and Company on October 23, 2012. An audiobook version narrated by Avery Sandford and June Bunt was also released that year by Hachette Audio.

## Critical reception

Kirkus Reviews thought the book was "well worth dipping into" and praised its artwork in particular. AudioFile's W.M. noted some of the jokes "wear a bit thin", but found the book funny and entertaining as a whole. The Daily Telegraph's Madeline Healy was impressed by the writers' ability to maintain a consistent voice throughout the book.
# Samuel Goldenberg (actor)

Samuel Goldenberg (1883/1884–1945) was an actor in Yiddish theatre on stage and screen.

## Career

Goldenberg worked as a tailor before becoming a leading Yiddish-language actor-singer-pianist. He was known to incorporate piano solos into dramatic scenes, such as the gimmick of hiding a piano behind tombstones props to raise music from the dead. Goldenberg's performances included the title role in the Yiddish Art Theatre's Jew Suess, Svengali in Trilby, and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. He also appeared in English-language Broadway productions. His English-language roles, included in the Theatre Guild's American Dream, The Eternal Road, and The Cherry Orchard. He headlined the 1935 Yiddish film Shir Hashirim (Song of Songs), which ran in the Union Square Acme Theatre. The New York Times described his performance as effective.
He played in Yiddish road shows. In early 1922, his five-week engagement with the Yiddish Toronto National Company, which went through Buffalo's Teck Theatre, grossed what Variety described as exceptional for Yiddish theatre. The magazine described him as among "the surest money-getters on the Yiddish stage". In 1924, The Philadelphia Inquirer said Goldenberg to have "unusual talent" and adaptability in both comedy and tragedy.
Goldenberg had been cast as Leon Trotsky in the 1943 film Mission to Moscow but his scenes were edited out in the final release. Incidentally, Goldenberg had previously played Trotsky in a drama about the Russian Revolution 20 years prior.

## Personal life

Goldenberg graduated from the Warsaw Conservatory and spoke about six languages. At some point, he managed a theater in New York's Irving Place.
Goldenberg had a wife and two daughters. He died October 31, 1945, at the age of 61 in Brooklyn's Unity Hospital following a heart attack a week prior. The heart attack had occurred on stage during his performance of Apartment 7.
# Çamdibi (İzmir Metro)

Çamdibi is a proposed underground station on the M5 Line of the İzmir Metro. It will be located beneath Kamil Tunca Avenue near the intersection with 5227th Street in the southwest Bornova. Construction of the station, along with the metro line, is scheduled to begin in 2018.
Çamdibi station is expected to open in 2024.
# Treial

Treial is an Estonian occupational surname meaning "turner" and "lathe operator". As of 1 January 2022, 151 men and 146 women in Estonia have the surname Treial. Treial is ranked as the 460th most common surname for men in Estonia, and the 548th most common surname for Estonian women. The surname Treial is most common in Järva County, where 6.07 per 10,000 inhabitants of the county bear the surname.
Notable people bearing the surname Treial include:
* Henn Treial (1905–1941), journalist, editor and politician
* Henri Treial (born 1992), volleyball player
* Hugo Treial (1898–1976), lawyer (:et)
* Jaan Treial (1896–1918), politician
* Mai Treial (born 1952), politician
* Malle Treial [et] (born 1945), actress
# Sepideh

Sepideh or Sepid may refer to:

## People

* Sepideh (singer) (Sepideh Afshar, born 1975), Iranian-born singer
* Sepideh Fallah, actress in the 2005 film Azadi
* Sepideh Moafi (born 1985), Iranian-American actress and singer
* Sepideh Mohammadian (born 1986), Iranian writer and lawyer
* Sepideh Raissadat (born 1980), classical Persian music singer
* Sepideh Shamlou (born 1968), Iranian writer

## Places

* Sepideh, Iran, a village
* Sepid Island, an island of Iran

## Other uses

* Sepideh, an album by Mohammad-Reza Shajarian and Mohammad-Reza Lotfi
* Sepid, former name of Sanchi (tanker), a 2008-built crude oil tanker
# Operation Overgrow

Operation Overgrow is the name, given by cannabis activists, of an "operation" to spread marijuana seeds wildly "so it grows like weed". The thought behind the operation is to draw attention to the debate about legalization/decriminalization of marijuana.
# The Entropy Exhibition

The Entropy Exhibition: Michael Moorcock and the British 'New Wave' in Science Fiction is a book by Colin Greenland published in 1983.

## Contents

The Entropy Exhibition: Michael Moorcock and the British 'New Wave' in Science Fiction is a book that provides a critical study of New Worlds magazine during the period when Michael Moorcock was its editor.

## Reception

Dave Pringle reviewed The Entropy Exhibition: Michael Moorcock and the British 'New Wave' in Science Fiction for Imagine magazine, and stated that "The author, still in his 20s, is obviously too young to have read NW in the 60s, but he has imagined the excitement of the period remarkably well. An important book, on an important subject."

## Reviews

* Review by Dan Chow (1983) in Locus, #271 August 1983
* Review by John Clute (1983) in Interzone, #5 Autumn 1983
* Review by Patrick Parrinder (1983) in Foundation, #29 November 1983
* Review by Paul Brazier (1984) in Vector 120
# Samuel Goldenberg

Samuel Goldenberg may refer to:
* Samuel Goldenberg (actor) (1883/1884–1945), actor in Yiddish theatre
* Samuel Löb Goldenberg (1807–1846), Austrian Hebraist and editor
* "Samuel" Goldenberg and "Schmuÿle", sixth movement of Modest Mussorgsky's 1874 piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition
# Çameli

Çameli is a municipality and district of Denizli Province, Turkey. Its area is 758 km$^2$, and its population is 17,549 (2022). It is a wooded highland area at the western end of the Taurus Mountains.
The highest peak in the district is Akdağ (3213 m). Summers are cool and winters are cold and wet. The area is under snow in winter.

## Composition

There are 31 neighbourhoods in Çameli District:
* Akpınar
* Arıkaya
* Ayvacık
* Belevi
* Bıçakçı
* Çamlıbel
* Cevizli
* Çiğdemli
* Cumaalanı
* Elmalı
* Emecik
* Ericek
* Gökçeyaka
* Gürsu
* Güzelyurt
* İmamlar
* Kalınkoz
* Karabayır
* Kınıkyeri
* Kirazlıyayla
* Kızılyaka
* Kocaova
* Kolak
* Sarıkavak
* Sofular
* Taşçılar
* Yaylapınar
* Yeni
* Yeşilyayla
* Yumrutaş
* Yunuspınarı
# Sialaiana

Sialaiana is an Asian genus of bush crickets in the tribe Agraeciini, belonging to the 'conehead' subfamily Conocephalinae.

## Species

The Orthoptera Species File lists:
* Sialaiana sigfridi Gorochov, 2008
* Sialaiana transiens Ingrisch, 1998 - type species (locality near Buon Luoi village, Gia Lai Province, Viet Nam)
# Necessity is the mother of invention

"Necessity is the mother of invention" is a proverb. It states that the primary driving force for most new inventions is a need.

## Meaning

On Lexico, the proverb has been defined as "When the need for something becomes imperative, you are forced to find ways of getting or achieving it." According to the Cambridge Dictionary, this is "an expression that means that if you really need to do something, you will think of a way of doing it." Longman dictionary has defined the proverb as: "if someone really needs to do something, they will find a way of doing it."

## History

One of the earliest recorded instances of the proverb is in one of Aesop’s Fables, “The Crow and the Pitcher” from the mid 6th century BCE. Plato's Republic says "our need will be the real creator", which Jowett's 1894 translation rendered loosely as "The true creator is necessity, who is the mother of our invention."
The connection of mother and necessity is documented in Latin and in English in the 16th century: William Horman quoted the Latin phrase Mater artium necessitas ("The mother of invention is necessity") in 1519; Roger Ascham said "Necessitie, the inventour of all goodnesse" in 1545. In 1608, George Chapman, in his two-part play The Conspiracy and Tragedy of Charles, Duke of Byron, used a very similar phrase: "The great Mother / Of all productions, grave Necessity." And the exact phrase is used by Richard Franck in 1658.
The phrase was used in medieval French and can be found in a collection of proverbs dating to 1485-1490, and is included with another saying, "Hunger makes people resourceful," and an illustration of one man eating a carrot and another man eating grass.
Don Quixote (1605, chapter xxi) has the variation: “… experience … the mother of all the sciences” (“experiencias, madre de los ciencias todas”).

## In popular culture

* In 1964 Frank Zappa took over leadership of the American rock band The Soul Giants. He renamed the band The Mothers, referring to the jazz compliment of mother for a great musician. However, their record company, Verve Records, objected to the insinuation (i.e., "motherfuckers") and by necessity Zappa had to change the name, creating (and defining) The Mothers of Invention.
* Danish economist Ester Boserup believed "necessity is the mother of invention" and this was a major point in her book The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure.

## Criticism

In an address to the Mathematical Association of England on the importance of education in 1917, Alfred North Whitehead, a philosopher-mathematician, argued that "the basis of invention is science, and science is almost wholly the outgrowth of pleasurable intellectual curiosity," and in contrast to the old proverb "Necessity is the mother of futile dodges" is much nearer to the truth.
# Palat Kaleh

Palat Kaleh may refer to:
* Palat Kaleh, Gilan in the Gilan province of Iran
* Palat Kaleh, Mazandaran in the Mazandaran province of Iran
# Sepia plana

Sepia plana is a species of cuttlefish native to the coast of Australia, specifically the North West Shelf (12°04′S 122°59′E﻿ / ﻿12.067°S 122.983°E﻿ / -12.067; 122.983 to 17°55.5′S 118°16.0′E﻿ / ﻿17.9250°S 118.2667°E﻿ / -17.9250; 118.2667). However, cuttlebones of this species have also been found off eastern Australia, suggesting that it may have a wider distribution. S. plana lives at depths of between 396 and 505 m.
S. plana exhibits sexual dimorphism, as females grow considerably larger than males. They reach a mantle length of 151 mm and 99 mm, respectively.
The type specimen was collected in the North West Shelf, western Australia (14°15′S 121°59′E﻿ / ﻿14.250°S 121.983°E﻿ / -14.250; 121.983). It is deposited at the Museum of Victoria in Melbourne.
# Ophiopsiella

Ophiopsiella is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish.

## Taxonomy

The type species, Ophiopsiella procera, described by Agassiz (1844), was previously considered by some authors to be the type species for the genus Ophiopsis. However, Lane and Ebert (2015) noted that Ophiopsis originally included O. muensteri only when first erected by Agassiz (1834), so they erected the new genus Ophiopsiella for Ophiopsis procera, referring "Ophiopsis" attenuata Wagner (1863), "Ophiopsis" penicillata Agassiz (1843), "Ophiopsis" breviceps Egerton (1852), "Ophiopsis" dorsalis Agassiz (1843), "Ophiopsis" montsechensis Wenz (1968) and "Ophiopsis" lepturus Bellotti (1857) to the genus.
# The Career of a Chambermaid

Telefoni bianchi (transl.White Telephones, internationally released as The Career of a Chambermaid) is a 1976 Italian comedy film directed by Dino Risi. For this film Agostina Belli was awarded with a Special David di Donatello for her performance. The title refers to the White Telephone comedies of the 1930s and 1940s. The film is a comic portrayal of the Italian film industry during the Fascist era in which an ambitious young woman briefly rises to become a film star.

## Cast

* Agostina Belli: Marcella Valmarín
* Cochi Ponzoni: Roberto Trevisan
* Maurizio Arena: Luciani
* William Berger: Franz
* Lino Toffolo: Gondrano
* Vittorio Gassman: Franco D’Enza
* Ugo Tognazzi: Adelmo
* Renato Pozzetto: Lt. Bruni
* Dino Baldazzi: Benito Mussolini
* Paolo Baroni: Gabriellino
* Alvaro Vitali: Mario, the son in the brothel
# Samuel Caldwell Nicholson

Samuel Caldwell Nicholson (died 1891) was a British trade unionist.
Nicholson was a compositor who became the Treasurer of the Manchester Typographical Society. In 1864, he was elected the first President of the Manchester and Salford Trades Council. After hearing from William Dronfield, Secretary of the Sheffield Typographical Society, of the lack of interest in trade union matters at the Congress of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, Nicholson proposed forming a Trades Union Congress (TUC).
Nicholson was also General Secretary of the Annual Moveable Delegation of the Order of Druids, and this event clashed with the first TUC conference, so he was unable to attend.
# Sarandí, Buenos Aires

Sarandí (Spanish pronunciation:) is a city in the Avellaneda Partido of the urban agglomeration of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is located to the south of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.
The city has an area of 54 square kilometres (21 sq mi) and a population of 60,752 inhabitants (INDEC, 2001); the second most populated locality in the partido after Avellaneda, with 18.5% of the partido's population. The main economical activity in the area is the production of leather goods. The leather industry, especially the tanning process, is often criticized for its contamination of the Riachuelo River.
The city was named after a native bush called sarandí (Cephalanthus glabratus).

## Sport

Sarandí is home to Arsenal de Sarandí, a football club that currently plays in the Argentine first division.
# Sidenko

Sidenko is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrei Sidenko (born 1995), Russian footballer
* Konstantin Sidenko (born 1953), Russian admiral
# Necessity defense (Kansas)

The Kansas Supreme Court has ruled that the necessity defense may not be used when the harm the defendant claims to be avoiding through his actions was legal, while the action undertaken to prevent it was illegal. This question became an issue in the 2010 trial of Scott Roeder for the assassination of notorious late-term abortion provider George Tiller. Judge Warren Wilbert refused to allow the defense to present a plea of necessity, but did allow them to present a case for voluntary manslaughter on the grounds that the defendant sincerely believed that he was committing a smaller crime to prevent a greater evil.
# Pagoda (disambiguation)

A pagoda is a tiered tower with multiple eaves.
Pagoda may also refer to:

## Structures

* Burmese pagoda
* Chinese pagoda
* Japanese pagoda
* Korean pagoda
* Pagoda (Efteling), an observation tower in the Efteling amusement park in the Netherlands
* Pagoda (Reading, Pennsylvania), a novelty building in Pennsylvania, United States
* Chinese Pagoda (Birmingham), a landmark in Birmingham, England
* Pagoda mast, the distinctive superstructure of the Imperial Japanese Navy ships of World War II
* Pagoda Platform Shelter a distinctive form of waiting shelter on some British railways
* La Pagoda, the former headquarters of Laboratorios Jorba in Madrid

## Other uses

* The Pagoda, a 1923 German silent film
* Pagoda (band), an American rock band
** Pagoda (album), a 2007 album by Pagoda
* Pagoda (coin), an Indian coin
* Pagoda (data structure)
* Pagoda Mountain, a summit in Colorado
* Pagoda shells, marine snails in the subfamily Columbariinae
* Pagoda top or Pagoda roof Mercedes-Benz W113, named so for its distinctive roofline
* Japanese pagoda tree
* Pagoda, a character in the film The Royal Tenenbaums
* Pagoda Snacks, an American frozen retail consumer brand under Schwan's Company featuring egg rolls and other asian-influenced finger foods