OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shinjō Castle

Shinjō Castle (新庄城, Shinjō-jō) is a Japanese castle located in Shinjō, northern Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Throughout most of the Edo period, Shinjō Castle was home to the Tozawa clan, daimyō of Shinjō Domain. The castle was also known as "Numata-jō" (沼田城) or "Unuma-jō" (鵜沼城).

## History

Tozawa Masamori, the daimyō of Hitachi-Matsuoka Domain (40,000 koku) was transferred to Dewa Province in September 1622 following the suppression of the Mogami clan by the Tokugawa shogunate and gained an increase in revenues to 60,000 koku. His new territory extended over all of what is now Mogami District and a portion of Murayama District in what is now Yamagata Prefecture. Finding the ancient hill-top Sakenobe Castle to be too small and inconveniently located, he successfully petitioned the shogunate for permission to construct a new castle in the flatlands with a main bailey, secondary bailey to the south, all surrounded by a third bailey and wet moats.
In 1636, the donjon was destroyed in a fire, and was never rebuilt.
In 1868, during the Boshin War of the Meiji restoration, the castle was the site of the Battle of Shinjō. Following the defection of Kubota Domain from the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei, Shinjō Domain soon followed suit. Shinjō Domain was then invaded by the armies of neighboring Shōnai Domain, and in the subsequent battle, Shinjō Castle and much of its surrounding castle town was destroyed.
At present, the site of the main bailey is occupied by four Shinto shrines, with the Temman-gu shrine being the only structure of the original castle to survive (aside for some walls and foundations). The site of the donjon and the second bailey is a public park, and a history museum is located within the precincts of the former third bailey.

## Literature

* Schmorleitz, Morton S. (1974). Castles in Japan. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co. pp. 144–145. ISBN 0-8048-1102-4.
* Motoo, Hinago (1986). Japanese Castles. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 200 pages. ISBN 0-87011-766-1.
* Mitchelhill, Jennifer (2004). Castles of the Samurai: Power and Beauty. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 112 pages. ISBN 4-7700-2954-3.
* Turnbull, Stephen (2003). Japanese Castles 1540-1640. Osprey Publishing. p. 64 pages. ISBN 1-84176-429-9.
# Shirland Township, Illinois

Shirland Township is located in Winnebago County, Illinois. It includes the unincorporated community of Shirland.
As of the 2010 census, its population was 988 and it contained 423 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 19.28 square miles (49.9 km$^2$), of which 19.2 square miles (50 km$^2$) (or 99.59%) is land and 0.08 square miles (0.21 km$^2$) (or 0.41%) is water.
# Shoket Interchange

Shoket Interchange is an interchange in the Negev located between Beersheba and Meitar. It is the southern terminus of Highway 6, Israel's central and longest controlled-access highway, also known as the Trans-Israel Highway. Since the continuation of Highway 6 has been suspended, it is unknown if and when the Shoket Interchange will stop being the terminus of Highway 6.
At the Shoket Interchange, Highway 6 connects with Highway 31 and Highway 60 at two different locations. The distance between Interchange Shoket South and Interchange Shoket West is 3.4 kilometers. The distance from Shoket West to the nearby Lakiya Interchange is 4.0 kilometers. The interchange is named after the nearby located Tel Shoket.
The Shoket Interchange opened to traffic in November–December 2016 upon the opening of Highway 6 between Shoket Interchange and Lakiya Interchange, after it was initially planned to open in 2015. The southern section opened in November 2016, the "western" section in December. (note that the "west" section is actually slightly east of the south section) The Lakiya diamond interchange to the northwest was opened in April 2016.

## Interchange structure

The interchange is divided into two parts:
In the southern part, Highway 6 from the north connects to Highway 60 towards the west only. Passengers from Highway 60 west to Highway 6 to the north will exit at the interchange to the connector (ramp) passing over a bridge above Highway 60.
In the northern part, Highway 31 passes over Highway 6 on a bridge. Those coming from Highway 31 from the east to Highway 6 to the north will do so by a simple connector that curves from Highway 31 to Highway 6. Those coming from Highway 6 from the north to Highway 6 to the east will do so by a connector in the form of a loop, of more than 270 degrees, that leaves Highway 6 and connects to Highway 31.
All other possible turns at the interchange are made through the Shoket Junction, renamed Meitar Interchange, located east of the Shoket Interchange that connects Highway 31 to Highway 60. This is a diamond intersection with traffic lights on Highway 60.

## Future development

The continuation of Highway 6 is planned but suspended from the Shoket Interchange south, towards Nevatim Interchange, where it would connect to Highway 25. In the southern part of the interchange, areas were left for the future connectors at the interchange after the extension of Highway 6 southbound.
In addition, there is a plan to build the Shoket Industrial Park near the Meitar Interchange and the Shoket Interchange. This industrial park will serve as a central employment and industrial center for the residents of the region. Also adjacent to the Shoket Interchange, will be the currently constructed Likit national intelligence center of Israel that may become accessible also by heavy rail.
# Show of hands

Show of hands may refer to:

## Music

* Show of Hands, a British folk music duo
* Show of Hands (1987 album) or the title song, by Show of Hands
* Show of Hands Live, a 1992 album by Show of Hands
* A Show of Hands, a 1989 album by Rush
* A Show of Hands (Victor Wooten album) or the title song, 1996
* "Show of Hands", a 2017 song by Kaskade from Redux EP 002
* "Show of Hands", a 2024 song by Future, Metro Boomin and ASAP Rocky from We Still Don't Trust You

## Film and television

* Show of Hands (film), a 2008 New Zealand film
* A Show of Hands (video), a 1989 concert film by Rush
* A Show of Hands (TV series), a 1992 series of short films aired on Nickelodeon
# Shrager

Shrager is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Shrager (1935–2005), American lawyer
* Mordechai Shrager, Israeli footballer
* Rosemary Shrager (born 1951), English chef and TV presenter
# Sidi Embarek

Sidi Embarek is a town and commune in Bordj Bou Arréridj Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 10,281.
# Siam Shade discography

Siam Shade was a five-piece Japanese rock band which broke onto the visual kei scene alongside a multitude of other artists in the early 1990s. They released five studio albums, sixteen singles and ten video albums. After disbanding in 2002 there had been released seven compilation albums.

## Studio albums

| No. | Title | Release date | Oricon peak |
| 1 | Siam Shade | December 10, 1994 | 2 |
| 2 | Siam Shade II | November 11, 1995 | 27 |
| 3 | Siam Shade III | October 2, 1996 | 20 |
| 4 | Siam Shade IV - Zero | January 21, 1998 | 3 |
| 5 | Siam Shade V | December 2, 1998 | 6 |
| 6 | Siam Shade VI | July 26, 2000 | 8 |

## Compilation albums

| No. | Title | Release date | Oricon peak |
| 1 | Siam Shade VII | November 29, 2000 | 23 |
| 2 | Siam Shade VIII B-Side Collection | January 30, 2001 | 17 |
| 3 | Siam Shade IX A-Side Collection | March 6, 2002 | 20 |
| 4 | Siam Shade X ~Perfect Collection~ | November 27, 2002 | 98 |
| 5 | Siam Shade XI Complete Best ~Heart Of Rock~ | September 26, 2007 | 26 |
| 6 | Siam Shade XII ~The Best Live Collection~ | October 27, 2010 | 23 |
| 7 | Siam Shade Spirits 1993 | April 14, 2012 | - |

## Tribute albums

| Title | Release date | Oricon peak |
| Siam Shade Tribute | October 27, 2010 | - |

## Singles

| No. | Title | Release date | Oricon peak |
| 1 | Doll | December 19, 1993 | (distributed for free at first one-man live) |
| 2 | Rain | October 21, 1995 | 49 |
| 3 | Time's | February 1, 1996 | 44 |
| 4 | Why Not? | February 21, 1997 | 69 |
| 5 | Risk | May 21, 1997 | 42 |
| 6 | Passion | July 30, 1997 | 35 |
| 7 | 1/3 no Junjou na Kanjou | November 27, 1997 | 3 |
| 8 | Glacial Love | May 13, 1998 | 10 |
| 9 | Dreams | August 5, 1998 | 4 |
| 10 | NeverEnd | October 28, 1998 | 9 |
| 11 | Kumori Nochi Hare | February 24, 1999 | 8 |
| 12 | Black | September 15, 1999 | 5 |
| 13 | 1999 | September 29, 1999 | 7 |
| 14 | Setsunasa Yori mo Tooku e | April 19, 2000 | 10 |
| 15 | Life | April 11, 2001 | 13 |
| 16 | Adrenaline | September 27, 2001 | 14 |
| 17 | Love | November 28, 2001 | 20 |

## Video albums

* Siam Shade (VHS: March 1, 1997, DVD: December 6, 2000)
* Siam Shade V2 Clips '95 - '97 (VHS: March 1, 1998, DVD: December 6, 2000)
* Siam Shade V3 (VHS: March 20, 1999, DVD: December 16, 2000)
* Siam Shade V4 Tour 1999 Monkey Science Final Yoyogi (VHS: August 30, 1999, DVD: September 22, 1999)
* Siam Shade V5 (September 6, 2000)
* Siam Shade V6 Live Otoko ki (December 31, 2000)
* Siam Shade V7 Live in Budokan Legend of Sanctuary (March 27, 2002) Oricon DVDs Ranking: No. 34
* Siam Shade V8 Start & Stand Up Live in Budokan 2002.03.10 (May 29, 2002) No. 14
* Siam Shade V9 The Perfect Clip (January 8, 2003) No. 49
* Siam Shade Spirits ~Return the Favor~ 2011.10.21 Saitama Super Arena (March 10, 2012)
# Siege of Nagapatnam (1658)

Following a joint military endeavor by the Dutch and Tanjore forces, wherein they laid siege to the Portuguese fortress of Nagapatnam, the Portuguese eventually capitulated. Subsequently, a contingent of 400 Dutch soldiers assumed control of the fortress, effectively impeding the advance of the Tanjore army. Frustrated by this turn of events, the Tanjore forces attempted to reinitiate the siege with their own 10,000-strong military contingent. In an unforeseen twist, the Dutch clandestinely massacred a portion of the Tanjore army, prompting the leader of the Tanjore forces to recognize the need for a retreat. This event highlighted the complex dynamics and strategic maneuvering that characterized this historical confrontation.
# Siege of Dublin

The siege of Dublin may refer to various sieges of the Irish capital including:
* Siege of Dublin (1171), during the Norman invasion of Ireland
* Siege of Dublin (1534), during the Kildare Rebellion
* Siege of Dublin (1649), during the War of the Three Kingdoms
# Sick child

Sick child or Sick Child may refer to:
* Sick child scam, confidence trick
* The Sick Child (Metsu), c.1660 oil painting by Gabriël Metsu
* The Sick Child (Munch), several works between 1885 and 1926 by Edvard Munch
# Sidi Bennour, Tunisia

Sidi Bennour is a town and commune in the Monastir Governorate, Tunisia.
# Sierra del Burro

The Sierra del Burro (also called Serranías del Burro) is the northernmost finger of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the state of Coahuila, Mexico. The Sierra begins at the Rio Grande near Big Bend National Park in Texas and extends southeast for about 70 miles (100 km), reaching a maximum elevation of 2,074 metres (6,804 ft).

## Geography

The Sierra del Burro increases in altitude and width as it goes from north to south. At its northernmost point near the Rio Grande, the Sierra is about 15 miles (20 km) wide and has a maximum elevation of about 3,000 feet (900 m). At its southernmost extremity, about 28’ 30° North latitude, it reaches a width of more than 40 miles (60 km) and a maximum altitude of 2,074 metres (6,804 ft) near where it merges with the Sierra del Carmen and becomes known as the Sierra Madre Oriental.
The Rio San Rodrigo is the largest river originating in the Sierra del Burro. The drainage from the Sierra is to the Rio Grande. The Sierra is located in the Chihuahua Desert, and most of the vegetation is arid or semi-arid desert scrub, including chaparral and Tamaulipan matorral. Oak forests are found, mostly at elevations of more than 1,500 metres (5,000 ft). Among the fauna are the elk and American black bear, both endangered species in Mexico, except for the Sierra del Burro where they are still found in fair numbers, but considered at risk. Beaver are also found in the Sierra. Due to its proximity the flora and fauna have similarities to that of the Big Bend region of Texas.
The climate is arid to semi-arid. Most precipitation occurs in the summer, but notably vigorous convection occurs in April and May. The Sierra del Burro and an area extending slightly southward for decades has been recognized by meteorologists using satellite and radar data as a region of consistent and intense supercell activity, orographically influenced by the Sierra, and annually producing significant tornadoes and hail.
Due to the rugged terrain, aridity, and inhospitable environment, there are no towns or any paved roads in the Sierra. The sparse population mostly inhabits large ranches.

## Conservation

The Sierra del Burro is outside the boundaries of the binational El Carmen-Big Bend Conservation Corridor Initiative, but local ranchers, fearing fragmentation of their lands, have formed a group called CONECO to preserve their ranching heritage and promote wildlife and habitat preservation. The group now has about 500,000 acres (200,000 ha) protected. National and international conservation groups see CONECO as a model for private land conservation in Mexico.
# Sigela penumbrata

Sigela penumbrata, the stippled sigela moth, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. The species is found in North America, including Tennessee and Florida.
The wingspan is about 11 mm.
# Signature operator

In mathematics, the signature operator is an elliptic differential operator defined on a certain subspace of the space of differential forms on an even-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold, whose analytic index is the same as the topological signature of the manifold if the dimension of the manifold is a multiple of four. It is an instance of a Dirac-type operator.

## Definition in the even-dimensional case

Let $M$ be a compact Riemannian manifold of even dimension $2l$. Let
    $d:\Omega ^{p}(M)\rightarrow \Omega ^{p+1}(M)$
be the exterior derivative on $i$-th order differential forms on $M$. The Riemannian metric on $M$ allows us to define the Hodge star operator $\star$ and with it the inner product
    $\langle \omega ,\eta \rangle =\int _{M}\omega \wedge \star \eta$
on forms. Denote by
    $d^{*}:\Omega ^{p+1}(M)\rightarrow \Omega ^{p}(M)$
the adjoint operator of the exterior differential $d$. This operator can be expressed purely in terms of the Hodge star operator as follows:
    $d^{*}=(-1)^{2l(p+1)+2l+1}\star d\star =-\star d\star$
Now consider $d+d^{*}$ acting on the space of all forms $\Omega (M)=\bigoplus _{p=0}^{2l}\Omega ^{p}(M)$. One way to consider this as a graded operator is the following: Let $\tau$ be an involution on the space of all forms defined by:
    $\tau (\omega )=i^{p(p-1)+l}\star \omega \quad ,\quad \omega \in \Omega ^{p}(M)$
It is verified that $d+d^{*}$ anti-commutes with $\tau$ and, consequently, switches the $(\pm 1)$-eigenspaces $\Omega _{\pm }(M)$ of $\tau$
Consequently,
    $d+d^{*}={\begin{pmatrix}0&D\\D^{*}&0\end{pmatrix}}$
Definition: The operator $d+d^{*}$ with the above grading respectively the above operator $D:\Omega _{+}(M)\rightarrow \Omega _{-}(M)$ is called the signature operator of $M$.

## Definition in the odd-dimensional case

In the odd-dimensional case one defines the signature operator to be $i(d+d^{*})\tau$ acting on the even-dimensional forms of $M$.

## Hirzebruch Signature Theorem

If $l=2k$, so that the dimension of $M$ is a multiple of four, then Hodge theory implies that:
    $\mathrm {index} (D)=\mathrm {sign} (M)$
where the right hand side is the topological signature (i.e. the signature of a quadratic form on $H^{2k}(M)\$ defined by the cup product).
The Heat Equation approach to the Atiyah-Singer index theorem can then be used to show that:
    $\mathrm {sign} (M)=\int _{M}L(p_{1},\ldots ,p_{l})$
where $L$ is the Hirzebruch L-Polynomial, and the $p_{i}\$ the Pontrjagin forms on $M$.

## Homotopy invariance of the higher indices

Kaminker and Miller proved that the higher indices of the signature operator are homotopy-invariant.
# Siege of Pavia

Siege of Pavia can refer to one of the following sieges of the city of Pavia (ancient Ticinum) in Italy:
* Siege of Pavia (476), by Odoacer
* Siege of Pavia (489–490) [it], by Tufa
* Siege of Pavia (569–572), by the Lombards
* Siege of Pavia (755) [it], by Pippin the Short
* Siege of Pavia (773–774), by Charlemagne
* Siege of Pavia (924) [it] during the Hungarian invasions of Europe
* Siege of Pavia (1302) [it], by the Visconti
* Siege of Pavia (1315) [it], by the Visconti
* Siege of Pavia (1356) [it], by the Visconti
* Siege of Pavia (1359) [it], by the Visconti
* Siege of Pavia (1522) [it] during the Italian War of 1521–1526
* Siege of Pavia (1524–1525) during the Italian campaign of 1524–1525
* Siege of Pavia (1527), by the League of Cognac
* Siege of Pavia (May 1528) [it] during the War of the League of Cognac
* Siege of Pavia (September 1528) [it] during the War of the League of Cognac
* Siege of Pavia (1655) [it] during the Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659)
* Siege of Pavia (1706) [it] during the War of the Spanish Succession
# Siege of Rennes

Siege of Rennes may refer to:
* Siege of Rennes (1356–57), during the War of the Breton Succession
* Siege of Rennes (1491), during the French–Breton War
# Sillia

Sillia is a genus of fungi within the Sydowiellaceae family.

## Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum;
* Sillia albofusca Höhn. (1918)
* Sillia biformis Rick (1906)
* Sillia celastrina R. Rao (1971)
* Sillia ferruginea (Pers.) P. Karst. (1873)
* Sillia italica N.I. de Silva, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde (2017)
* Sillia kamatii Tilak, S.B. Kale & S.V.S. Kale (1970)
* Sillia karstenii Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde (2017)
* Sillia theae Hara (1919)
Former species;
* S. betulina Bubák & Vleugel (1911) = Vleugelia betulina, Sordariomycetes
* S. cinctula (Cooke & Peck) Höhn. (1918) = Tortilispora cinctula, Sydowiellaceae
* S. longipes (Tul. & C. Tul.) Lar.N. Vassiljeva (1994) = Pseudovalsa longipes, Coryneaceae
# Silvia Corvalán

Silvina ("Silvia") Corvalán Mayoral (born October 15, 1973) is a retired female field hockey defender from Argentina. She was a member of the Women's National Team that competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, after having won the gold medal the previous year at the 1995 Pan American Games.
# Siegfried Buchenau

Carl Ludwig Siegfried Buchenau (born 30 November 1870 in Bremen; died 16 September 1932) was a German merchant, landlord and art collector in the early 20th century.

## Early life

Siegfried Buchenau was the fourth child of the Bremen botanist and educator Franz Georg Philipp Buchenau and his wife Margarethe Auguste, née Adami (d. 1905). The numismatist Heinrich Buchenau was his oldest brother.
He went to Mexico, married Anna Emilie, née Vermehren, whose father was the Vice Consul of the German Empire in Torreon, Julius (Julio) A. Vermehren.
On 1 May 1913 Buchenau leased the manor house Niendorf along with the hunting grounds (Gut Weißenrode) from the city of Lübeck, where he resided until his death. In 1920 he acquired the Warleberg estate in Neuwittenbek, which is still managed by his descendants to this day.
The couple's guests at Niendorf included the conductor and composer Hermann Hans Wetzler, who completed his Symphonic Fantasy for Orchestra, Op. 10 here in 1922, gave it the title Weissenrode and dedicated it to Anna and Siegfried Buchenau.

## Art Collection

Buchenau was an important art collector and patron. He was one of the founders of the Overbeck Society by Karl Schaefer in 1918. The cultural critic Abram B. Enns emphasizes that there were two qualified private collectors in Lübeck who made it possible for museum director Carl Georg Heise to acquire modern art in Lübeck in the 1920s until his dismissal in 1933: Max Linde and Siegfried Buchenau.
Artworks in the Buchenau collection included (among others:
* Peasant couple by a well with a distant view of Paris (attributed to Willem Kalf)
* The marriage of Tobias and Sarah (Jan Steen)
* Young woman looking in the mirror, with a maidservant in an interior, 1662 (Quiringh van Brekelenkam)
* Mother with children in an interior, tweede helft 17th (Caspar Netscher or possibly Joost van Geel or studio of Caspar Netsche
* Peasants making merry before an inn, 17th (circle of Adriaen Brouwer)
* View of the garden of Huis ten Bosch, 1668 (Jan van der Heyden)
* Heuvellandschap met enkele ruiters die hun paarden drenken (Philips Wouwerman)
* Boy at the Brook (Hans Thoma)
Buchenau bequeathed his art collector to his wife, Anna Buchenau.

## Legacy and family

Buchenau's son Franz (Wilhelm) Buchenau (born 29 September 1900 in Torreón; died 13 March 1969 in Mexico City) became manager of the Solingen export company Heinrich Böker.
His daughter Margarete (born 1913) married the printer Alfred Zantop (born1900 in Wildungen), whom the Allies later suspected of being a Nazi agent in Spain. Zantop dealt in looted art for Hermann Göring and sold several artworks through the Nazi art buyer Alois Miedl. Zantop is listed as a Red Flag Name in the Art Looting Investigation Unit Final Report of 1946.
A son of Alfred and Margarete Zantop, the geologist professor at Dartmouth College Half Zantop, was murdered together with his wife Susanne in 2001.
Parts of the Siegfried Buchenau collection were said to be included in their estate.
# The Brighton Miracle (film)

The Brighton Miracle is a 2019 Australian-made film written and directed by Max Mannix about the lead-up to the Japan national rugby union team's unexpected win over South Africa at the 2015 Rugby World Cup, told through a combination of drama and documentary. Temuera Morrison plays Japan coach Eddie Jones and Lasarus Ratuere plays team captain Michael Leitch.

## Plot

The story of one of the greatest sporting upsets in history, when Japan beat the then two-time world champions South Africa at the 2015 Rugby World Cup.

## Cast

* Temuera Morrison as Eddie Jones
* Lasarus Ratuere as Michael Leitch
* Sumire Matsubara as Satomi Leitch
* Yûki Kudô as Nellie Jones
* Masa Yamaguchi as JR
* Yutaka Izumihara as Ayumi Goromaru
# Sikongo District

Sikongo District is a district of Zambia, located in Western Province. It was separated from Kalabo District in 2012. As of the 2022 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 59,670 people.
# Simile, Mpumalanga

Simile is the Black township on the northern side of the forestry town Sabie. It falls under the Thaba Chweu Local Municipality of Mpumalanga province, South Africa.