OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Munich Cosmic Circle

The Munich Cosmic Circle (German: Kosmikerkreis. Kosmiker for short) was a group of writers and intellectuals in Munich, Germany at the turn of the 20th century, founded by esotericist Alfred Schuler (1865–1923), philosopher Ludwig Klages (1872–1956), and poet Karl Wolfskehl (1869–1948). Other members of the group included writer Ludwig Derleth (1870–1948) and the "Bohemian Countess" of Schwabing, Fanny zu Reventlow (1871–1918). She wrote about her experiences with the group in her roman à clef Herrn Dames Aufzeichnungen (1913).
Alfred Schuler and Ludwig Klages came to know each other in 1893. With the others they based their early association upon an appreciation of Ibsen's dramas. Another interest was the work of Johann Jakob Bachofen (1815–1887), a Swiss anthropologist and sociologist, and his research into matriarchal clans. They developed a doctrine according to which the West was plagued by downfall and degeneration, caused by the rationalizing and demythologizing effects of Christianity. A way out of this desolate state could, according to the "Cosmic" view, only be found by a return to pagan origins. Schuler was described by Theodor Lessing as "an oddity, a curious mixture of charlatan and genius, a show-off and a visionary". The activities and rituals of the group were often sensationalized in bohemian fin-de-siècle Schwabing.
Some members of the Circle were also active in the group around the poet Stefan George, whom Wolfskehl introduced to the group. Ludwig Klages wrote a book praising his poetry in 1902. George was not a member of the Circle, though he was in close contact with them.
The group fell apart through an acrimonious dispute in 1904 between Klages, who considered himself a neo-pagan and against any form of organized religion, and the Zionist Wolfskehl, which led to charges of antisemitism against Klages. Stefan George had also begun to distance himself from Klages' philosophy at this time and defended Wolfskehl against Schuler and Klages.
In spite of the antisemitism prevalent in the group, the fascist Alfred Rosenberg, who was in Hitler´s cabinet and later executed after being found guilty at the Nuremberg trials, would express hate for Klages. Similarly Julius Evola would denounce a book by Schuler as "politically dangerous", and stated that Klages´ writtings had a "jewish tone". The antisemitism of the Kosmikerkreis was of a peculiar kind, supportive of homosexuality and opposed to patriarchy.
The English writer D. H. Lawrence was influenced by the Lebensphilosophie of the group.
# Multiton pattern

In software engineering, the multiton pattern is a design pattern which generalizes the singleton pattern. Whereas the singleton allows only one instance of a class to be created, the multiton pattern allows for the controlled creation of multiple instances, which it manages through the use of a map.
Rather than having a single instance per application (e.g. the java.lang.Runtime object in the Java programming language) the multiton pattern instead ensures a single instance per key.
The multiton pattern does not explicitly appear as a pattern in the highly regarded object-oriented programming textbook Design Patterns. However, the book describes using a registry of singletons to allow subclassing of singletons, which is essentially the multiton pattern.

## Description

While it may appear that the multiton is a hash table with synchronized access there are two important distinctions. First, the multiton does not allow clients to add mappings. Secondly, the multiton never returns a null or empty reference; instead, it creates and stores a multiton instance on the first request with the associated key. Subsequent requests with the same key return the original instance. A hash table is merely an implementation detail and not the only possible approach. The pattern simplifies retrieval of shared objects in an application.
Since the object pool is created only once, being a member associated with the class (instead of the instance), the multiton retains its flat behavior rather than evolving into a tree structure.
The multiton is unique in that it provides centralized access to a single directory (i.e. all keys are in the same namespace, per se) of multitons, where each multiton instance in the pool may exist having its own state. In this manner, the pattern advocates indexed storage of essential objects for the system (such as would be provided by an LDAP system, for example). However, a multiton is limited to wide use by a single system rather than a myriad of distributed systems.

## Drawbacks

This pattern, like the Singleton pattern, makes unit testing far more difficult, as it introduces global state into an application.
With garbage collected languages it may become a source of memory leaks as it introduces global strong references to the objects.

## Implementations

In Java, the multiton pattern can be implemented using an enumerated type, with the values of the type corresponding to the instances. In the case of an enumerated type with a single value, this gives the singleton pattern.
In C#, we can also use enums, as the following example shows:
# TCG Hızırreis

Two submarines of the Turkish Navy have borne the name TCG Hızırreis; both were former US Navy vessels:
# Muniria lanceolata

Muniria lanceolata is a flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae and is endemic to Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory. It is a shrub with its branches and leaves densely covered with a layer of short, greyish, branched hairs and red flowers near the ends of the branches.

## Description

Muniria lanceolata is shrub which grows to a height of 1–2 m (3–7 ft) and has branches that have four corners in cross-section. The branches, leaves and some of the flower parts are densely covered with short greyish, branched hairs. The leaves have a thin stalk 6–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long and an elliptic to lance-shaped blade 4–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 6–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) wide. The leaves are dark green, and wrinkled on the upper surface.
The flowers are arranged singly or in groups of up to three in leaf axils near the ends of the branches, each flower on a hairy stalk 1–3 mm (0.04–0.1 in) long. The flowers are surrounded by bracts which are similar in size and shape to the leaves and by smaller bracteoles. The five sepals are 10–16 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long, hairy and joined for about half their length into a tube. The petals are red, 20–27 mm (0.8–1 in) long and joined to form a tube 14–22 mm (0.6–0.9 in) long. The tube is densely woolly on the outside but mostly glabrous inside except for a narrow ring of hairs around the ovary and a few hairs on the largest petal lobe. There are five lobes on the end of the tube, the lower, central lobe roughly circular, 4–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 3–7 mm (0.1–0.3 in) wide at the base and larger than the other lobes which are a similar size and shape to each other. The four stamens reach past the end of the tube, the lower pair longer than the upper ones. Flowering occurs in most months and is followed by fruit which is oval-shaped but with four distinct ridges and hairy at one end.

## Taxonomy and naming

This species was first formally described in 1979 by Ahmad Abid Munir from a specimen collected near Oenpelli (present day Gunbalanya). It was given the name Pityrodia lanceolata and the description was published in Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. In 2011, Barry Conn, Murray Henwood and Nicola Streiber described a new genus, Muniria and transferred this species to it. The specific epithet (lanceolata) is a Latin word meaning "lancelike".

## Distribution

This species only occurs in Arnhem Land where it is found in Nitmiluk National Park.

## Conservation

Muniria lanceolata is classified as "least concern" under the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act.
# Taffy Thomas (jockey)

Myrddin Lloyd "Taffy" Thomas (c. 1945 – 12 January 2022) was a Welsh jockey who competed in Flat racing.

## Life and career

Thomas was born in Caernarfon and began his career as a jockey in 1961. He rode 878 winners before retiring from race riding in 1990 and was particularly noted as a "lightweight" jockey who could ride horses carrying low weights in handicap races. In 1977 he won the Singapore Gold Cup on a horse called Sir Toby. His biggest wins came in the Vernons Sprint Cup in 1978 and the King's Stand Stakes in 1983. He died on 12 January 2022, at the age of 76.

## Major wins

* King's Stand Stakes - Sayf El Arab (1983)
* Phoenix Stakes - Swan Princess (1980)
# Mungo Law

Mungo Law (c.1606–1660) was a Scottish minister of the Church of Scotland. He was minister of the Greyfriars Kirk in Edinburgh. He was a noteworthy figure in Scotland during the English Civil War.

## Life

He graduated MA at Glasgow University in 1627 and became schoolmaster of Kirkcaldy Parish School in July 1628. In 1635 he became private tutor to the family of "George, Master of Ramsay" for a year.
In October 1636 he was elected "second charge" of the then quite important Dysart Parish Church, on the edge of Kirkcaldy. In December 1643 he was elected by the Town Council of Edinburgh as minister of Old Greyfriars again as "second charge" (in place of James Fairlie), first under George Gillespie then under Rev Robert Traill. He translated to the post from Dysart in March 1644.
In Edinburgh he formed part of the commission on the Assembly from 1644 to 1649. In March 1645 he was involved in the trial of Agnes Finnie, accused of witchcraft.
He took an active role in the English Civil War serving as an Army Chaplain and was present at the Battle of Inverlochy (1645).
He was present at the capture of Edinburgh Castle by the English army under Oliver Cromwell in December 1650. He escaped capture in Edinburgh but was captured in 1651 at the Onfall of Alyth and held prisoner in England.
He returned to Edinburgh and Greyfriars in January 1653 and died there in February 1660. He is buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard.

## Family

In May 1638 he married Lilias Turner daughter of Rev Patrick Turner, minister of Dalkeith. They had at least 8 children including:
* Rev Mungo Law minister of Perth
* John Law
* Katherine
* Lilias (d.1666)
* Anna married Rev John Liddell of Scone
* James
* Andrew
* David
# TCX Technology

TCX Technology is the brand name for a hydrocarbon-based ethanol production process developed and marketed by Celanese Corporation. Celanese researchers developed the TCX Technology in its Clear Lake City, Texas plant under the direction of its CEO to create a fuel that helps countries reduce their need to import oil and gas. Celanese launched the TCX Technology in November 2010 and plans to invest $700 million to build one-to-two plants in China and one in Texas that will produce TCX-based ethanol. Celanese expects to produce approximately 300 million gallons of TCX ethanol by 2016.

## Process

In the TCX process, natural gas or other hydrocarbons are first converted to acetic acid. Thereafter, acetic acid is hydrogenated (presumably obtained by methane reforming) to give ethanol; a supported platinum-tin catalyst for this purpose was patented by Celanese. Starting from coal, it is gasified. Impurities such as mercury and cadmium are removed, before further reaction.
Celanese claims to be able to produce hydrocarbon-based ethanol for a cost of $1.50 to $1.75 per gallon.

## Uses

TCX can function as a fuel additive to operate vehicles and in industrial-grade applications to manufacture paints, coatings, inks and pharmaceuticals. It is intended for use in countries or regions wanting to lessen dependence on imported energy and with easy access to plentiful hydrocarbons. These include China, Middle East, Southeast Asia, South America, United States and other developing and growing countries.
# Muné Tsenpo

Muné Tsenpo (Tibetan: མུ་ནེ་བཙན་པོ་, Wylie: Mu-ne btsan-po) was the 39th Emperor of Tibet (r. c. 797?-799?). This period of Tibetan history, towards the end, and after the reign of Trisong Detsen is very murky and the sources give conflicting stories and dates.
Mune Tsenpo is a Zhangzhung name meaning Namkha Tsenpo or 'Sky King'.
Trisong Detsen is said to have had four sons. The eldest, Mutri Tsenpo, apparently died young. When Trisong Detsen retired (c. 797) to take up residence at the Nyugmakhar Palace (sMyug ma mkar) in Zungkhar (Zung mkhar), he handed power to the eldest surviving son, Muné Tsenpo.
Most sources say that Muné's reign lasted only about a year and a half, while many Western scholars believe this would have been too short and some have suggested he reigned from 797 to 804. The Deb-ston, however, records a reign of 17 years, but this has been attributed to a misreading of the Chinese accounts.
The dBa' bzhed claims that Muné Tsenpo insisted that his father's funeral be performed according to Buddhist rather than the Bon rites.
Tibetan sources say he tried three times unsuccessfully to ensure the equitable distribution of land and property; but each time the rich got richer and the poor got poorer. He established four major places to worship the Tripitaka and the abhisambodhi.
After a short reign, Muné Tsenpo, was supposedly poisoned on the orders of his mother, Tsephongsa, who was jealous of his beautiful young wife, Queen Phoyongsa. After his death, Mutik Tsenpo was next in line to the throne.
However, Sadnalegs elder brother, Mutik Tsenpo, had been apparently banished to Lhodak Kharchu (lHo-brag or Lhodrag) near the Bhutanese border for murdering a senior minister, although some people believe he ruled for an indeterminate period. Whatever the case, the youngest brother, Sadnalegs, was definitely ruling by 804 CE.
# Municipal offense

In Wisconsin, a municipal offense or ordinance offense or civil offense or noncriminal offense or municipal infraction or infraction is the infringement of a city ordinance.
A municipal offense is not a crime.
As of 1989, the Montana Code provided that:
    7-1-4150. Municipal infractions — civil offense. (1) A municipal infraction is a civil offense punishable by a civil penalty of not more than $300 for each violation or if the infraction is a repeat offense, a civil penalty not to exceed $500 for each repeat violation.
    (2) A municipality may by ordinance provide that a violation of an ordinance is a municipal infraction.
    (3) (a) A municipality may by ordinance provide that a criminal offense under state law that is punishable only by a fine is a municipal infraction.
    (b) Statutory surcharges must be imposed, as provided in 3-1-317(1)(a), 3-1-318(1), and 46-18-236(6)(a), on municipal infractions that are criminal offenses under state law, and the amounts must be distributed as provided in those sections.
    (c) A person may not be proceeded against for the same act or omission to act under both a municipal infraction ordinance and the corresponding state law criminal offense on which the municipal infraction ordinance is based.
    (4) An officer who is authorized by a municipality to enforce a municipal code or regulation may issue a civil citation to a person who commits a municipal infraction. The citation may be served by personal service, by certified mail addressed to the defendant at the defendant's last-known mailing address, return receipt requested, or by publication, as provided in Rule 4D(5). M. R. Civ. P. A copy of the citation must be retained by the issuing officer and one copy must be sent to the clerk of the municipal or city court. The citation must serve as notification that a municipal infraction has been committed and must contain the following information:
       (a) the name and address of the defendant;
       (b) the name or description of the infraction attested to by the officer issuing the citation;
       (c) the location and time of the infraction;
       (d) the amount of civil penalty to be assessed or the alternate relief sought, or both; ::(e) the manner, location, and time in which the penalty may be paid;
       (f) the time and place of court appearance; and
       (g) the penalty for failure to appear in court.
See also the Iowa Code Annotated, West Pub Co, 1994, vol 17, p 75.
# TT156

Pennesuttawy in hieroglyphs :
Era: New Kingdom (1550–1069 BC) :
The Theban Tomb TT156 is located in Dra' Abu el-Naga', part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian Pennesuttawy, who was a troop commander and superintendent of the Southern Desert Lands during the reign of Ramesses II in the Nineteenth Dynasty.

## Tomb

The tomb was already known to Champollion. He had given it the number 43.
The tomb consists of a hall, pillared hall, a shrine, and a burial chamber.
* In the hall are seated statues of Pennesuttawy and his wife the chantress of Amun, Maia.
* In the pillared hall Pennesuttawy appears before different gods and goddesses, including Maat, Nut, Re-Harakhti, and Shu.
* On the inner doorway to the shrine Pennesuttawy is shown with his wife Maia, his son the first stablemaster of His Majesty, Nakhtmin, and his daughter named Baketwerner who was a Chantress of Amun.
* The burial chamber is decorated with scenes on the north, east and south wall.
Finds from the tomb include a brick of Pennesuttawy (now in the Philadelphia University Museum). The tomb was later reused during the 21st Dynasty and the 22nd Dynasty.
# Mustafaabad (Dullewala) District Bhakkar

Mustafaabad is a small village in District Bhakkar of Punjab 9 km east of Dullewala. The former name of the village was Jhammat Janubi. Its total population is about 5,000 people. Four main tribes have inhabited the town for over 200 years: Khayara, Naich, Jhammat, and Hajam. People are very conservative and mostly practice Hanafi Maslak. The primary source of income is agriculture and the main agricultural crop is grain. The mother language is Saraiki.
# Mustafabad, Kapurthala

Mustafabad is a village in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Kapurthala, which is both district and sub-district headquarters of Mustafabad. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch, who is an elected representative. Mustafabad was ruled by Randhawa Jats, the founder of this dynasty was Desu Singh of Taran Taran.

## Demography

According to the report published by Census India in 2011, Mustafabad has total number of 203 houses and population of 883 of which include 462 males and 421 females. Literacy rate of Mustafabad is 82.81%, higher than state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 92 which is 10.42% of total population of Mustafabad, and child sex ratio is approximately 1140, higher than state average of 846.
As per census 2011, 308 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of Mustafabad which includes 267 males and 41 females. According to census survey report 2011, 93.83% workers describe their work as main work and 6.17% workers are involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.

## Population data

| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| Total No. of Houses | 203 | - | - |
| Population | 883 | 462 | 421 |
| Child (0-6) | 92 | 43 | 49 |
| Schedule Caste | 123 | 58 | 65 |
| Schedule Tribe | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Literacy | 82.81 % | 87.35 % | 77.69 % |
| Total Workers | 308 | 267 | 41 |
| Main Worker | 289 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal Worker | 19 | 16 | 3 |

## Caste

Most of the peoples are jatts in this village. Bajwa is the top caste in this village. 12.3% are Ramgharia tarkhans like matharoos etc. The village has schedule caste (SC) constitutes 13.93% of total population of the village and it doesn't have any Schedule Tribe (ST) population.

## Air travel connectivity

The closest airport to the village is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport.
# Murder at 3am

Murder at 3 a.m. is a 1953 British second feature$^{:172}$ crime film directed by Francis Searle and starring Dennis Price, Peggy Evans and Rex Garner. It was written by John Ainsworth. A Scotland Yard detective investigates a series of attacks on women.

## Plot

There have been a series of attacks on women walking home in the early hours, and now a woman has been found murdered. Chief Inspector Peter Lawton investigates. His suspicion falls on Edward King, an ex-commando who is engaged to Lawton's sister Joan. He uses Joan to trap King, but King flees. It transpires that King is innocent; the killer is his half-brother Jim.

## Cast

* Dennis Price as Chief Inspector Peter Lawton
* Peggy Evans as Joan Lawton
* Rex Garner as Detective Sergeant Todd
* Arnold Bell as Assistant Commissioner McMann
* Greta Mayaro as Lena
* Philip Saville as Edward 'Teddy' King/Jim King
* Leonard Sharp as Old Skip
* Nora Gordon as Nanna
* Renee Goddard as Lady Branstead
* Arthur Lovegrove as Inspector Cobb
* Daphne Maddox as victim
* Robert Weeden as CID constable
* John Davis as transmitting constable (uncredited)

## Critical reception

Kine Weekly said "The exuberant, if somewhat lurid and extravagent, yarn unfolds against bright night-club and realistic nocturnal London street scenes which cunningly create an illusion of scope. For its size it carries quite a kick."
Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "A second-rate thriller, unimaginatively directed; the cast attempts to make something out of the too-familiar dialogue and situations."
In British Sound Films: The Studio Years 1928–1959 David Quinlan rated the film as "mediocre", writing: "Shabby 'B' feature, tiresomely made"
To-Day's Cinema called it an "efficient specimen" of the crime thriller.
# Murder at 2FC

Murder at 2FC is a 1935 Australian radio play by Edmund Barclay. It was an adaptation of the British film Death at Broadcasting House with the action relocated to Australia - specially at the Sydney radio station 2FC run by the Australian Broadcasting Commission.
The play mixed fictional characters with real ones, including several top ABC executives.

## Premise

An actor is murdered while taking part in a live drama at radio station 2FC.
"Actually heard by thousands of listeners throughout the Commonwealth, a murder is committed in the heart of Sydney—such are the sensational facts in this most original Radio Mystery. The scene of the murder is in a Studio at National Station 2PC, and the victim an actor who is taking part in a broadcast play at the very moment of his death. Many famous Australian Radio Personalities are innocently involved in the crime, and some even suspected of complicity. Incidentally during the course of the play many fascinating details of broadcasting methods are revealed, and listeners are taken right behind the microphone. "

## Cast

* Ronald Morse as the author
* Vivian Edwards as the detective
* Nancye Stewart as Isobel Dryden
* Walter Plinge as the lover
* Mayne Linton as Leopold Dryden
* Robin Ordell as the boy
* Bert Barton as the doorman
* Charles Wheeler as Sydney Parsons
* Guy Bannister as Eric Masters
* H. G. Horner (State Manager of the ABC) as himself
* Reg Hawthorne (2FC control room operator) as himself
* Ewart Chapple (programme director) as himself
* James J. Donnelly (research department) as himself
* Heath Burdock (announcer) as himself
* Bryson Taylor (announcer) as himself
* Conrad Sharlton (studio manager) as himself
* Lawrence H. Cecil (dramatic producer) as himself
* Fred Wahite (conductor) as himself
* Oscar Lansbury (sound effects sect as himselfion)
* Professor Charteris (lecturer) as himself
* Rene Dixon (soubrette)
* Grace Quine (singer).
# Murder at Dawn

Murder at Dawn is a 1932 American pre-Code film directed by Richard Thorpe. The film is also known as The Death Ray in the United Kingdom.

## Cast

* Jack Mulhall as Danny
* Josephine Dunn as Doris Farrington
* Eddie Boland as Freddie
* Marjorie Beebe as Gertrude
* Martha Mattox as The Housekeeper
* Mischa Auer as Henry
* Phillips Smalley as Judge Folger
* Crauford Kent as Arnstein
* Frank Ball as Dr. Farrington
* Alfred Cross as Goddard