OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# OPTI Canada

OPTI Canada is a Calgary, Alberta based oil sands development company. Established in 1999, its sole project is the Long Lake oil sands project, of which it owns 35%. The remaining 65% is owned by project operator Nexen Inc.

## History

OPTI was founded as Ormat Process Technologies Inc. in 1999 by Israeli energy company Ormat Industries, which had developed the OrCrude process in the 1990s. Ormat was approached by Calgary-based Nexen, who sent a delegation to Israel to supervise a test of the process. However, using OrCrude in the oil sands appeared uneconomical to Nexen, who withdrew. Ormat instead contacted Calgary's Suncor Energy, with whom it founded OPTI as a 50-50 venture, with the Nexen delegation's head, Jim Arnold, as its first employee. Suncor's land at Burnt Lake was used by Ormat to build an OrCrude demonstration plant, using oil supplied by Suncor.
However, Suncor soon withdrew from the venture, and Nexen returned to take a 50% stake. In 2004, the OPTI decided to expand Long Lake to commercial-scale, and raised over $1.5 billion of private equity and debt. Also in 2004, OPTI underwent a $300 million initial public offering (IPO). In January 2009 OPTI sold 15% working interest in Long Lake project to Nexen for $735 million, following an 89% drop in share price and increasing expenses. In early 2011 OPTI faced severe liquidity problems and an inability to service its $2.8 billion debt. Its shareprice closed at $0.30 on February 4, 2011, down from a high of $24.85 in 2008. Analysts believed bankruptcy or restructuring of the company was likely.
On November 28, 2011, it was announced the company had been acquired by CNOOC Luxembourg S.à r.l, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of CNOOC Limited. The total value of the acquisition was approximately US$2.1 billion.

## Long Lake

The Long Lake project uses OPTI's proprietary OrCrude process, which produces usable fuel from byproducts of extracted bitumen. This fuel is used to generate steam for bitumen extraction using steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technology. OrCrude additionally produces hydrogen, which is used for hydrocracking in the refining process.
Typically, natural gas is used to generate steam for SAGD extraction. However, using OrCrude-generated fuel significantly reduces the need for natural gas, reducing OPTI's operating costs by approximately $10 per barrel of oil produced.
# Paul Shaw (footballer)

Paul Shaw (born 4 September 1973) is an English retired footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He has also worked as a coach at F.C. New York and with Orlando City U-23.

## Playing career

Shaw started his career as a trainee at Arsenal, turning professional in 1991. His debut came against Nottingham Forest on 3 December 1994. Unable to break into the Arsenal first team, Shaw spent periods on loan with Burnley, Cardiff City and Peterborough United during his time at Arsenal, before he was sold to Millwall in September 1997. He made 13 appearances in six years for the Gunners, all but one of them as substitute, scoring two goals with both coming against Southampton in the 1996–97 season, one at home and one away.
Shaw spent three years with Millwall before moving to Gillingham in 2000. He left Gillingham for Sheffield United in 2004 but unable to break into the first team had a loan spells at Rotherham United. He subsequently signed for the team but after just 17 appearances moved on a free transfer to Chesterfield in 2006. He found his opportunities at Saltergate limited, and left the club by mutual consent in August 2007 and joined Oxford United shortly afterwards. In October 2007 he left Oxford to join Hungarian team Ferencvárosi TC.
Shaw returned to English football by joining Retford United of the NPL Premier Division. He left the club in February 2011 and signed as captain of the new American side F.C. New York in the USL Pro league on 1 March 2011.
On 23 May 2011, it was announced that Coach Matt Weston had resigned from his position at F.C. New York, and Paul Shaw had been made interim head coach.

## Coaching career

On 21 May 2012, Shaw was named the boys' senior academy coaching director for the youth academy of Orlando City Soccer Club.
# Sochchora

Sochchora is a genus of moths in the family Pterophoridae described by Francis Walker in 1864.

## Species

* Sochchora albipunctella T. B. Fletcher, 1911
* Sochchora donatella Walker, 1864
* Sochchora dotina Walsingham, 1915
* Sochchora mulinus Gielis, 2006
* This article on a moth of subfamily Pterophorinae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Padang Pauh (state constituency)

Padang Pauh was a state constituency in Perlis, Malaysia, that was represented in the Perlis State Legislative Assembly from 1986 to 1995.
The state constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Perlis State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.

## History

It was abolished in 1995 when it was redistributed.

### Representation history

Members of the Legislative Assembly for Padang Pauh :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Paya ||||
| 7th | 1986-1990 | Bahari Taib | BN (UMNO) |
| 8th | 1990-1995 | Bahari Taib | BN (UMNO) |
| Constituency abolished, renamed to Mata Ayer ||||
# Q15X25

Q15X25 is a communications protocol for sending data over a radio link. It was designed by amateur radio operator Pawel Jalocha, SP9VRC, to be an open communications standard. Like all amateur radio communications modes, this protocol uses open transmissions which can be received and decoded by anyone with similar equipment. Q15X25 is a form of packet radio. It can be used to interconnect local VHF AX.25 packet networks over transcontinental distances. Anyone can design or adapt the open-source software to develop their own Q15X25 system.
Q15X25 is a digital signal processor-intensive mode designed to pass AX.25 packets on HF with speed and reliability much greater than traditional HF ARQ modems. It uses 15 QPSK modulated carriers separated by 125 Hertz, each modulated at 83.333 baud. Q15X25 uses forward error correction (FEC), and like MT63, uses time- and frequency-interleaving in order to avoid most error sources. The raw transmission data rate is typically 2500 bit/s.
Typically the DSP based receiver and transmitter modulator or codec is implemented as PC software that uses a sound card to connect directly to an SSB transceiver. Linux implementations are usually called "newpsk" or "newqpsk". MixW, a multipurpose communications control and digital modes package on Windows can implement Kiss and/or "TCP/IP over X.25" on either traditional 300 baud, 1200 baud and 2400 baud FSK packet "modems" implemented as DSP via sound card or over Q15X25. The "FlexNet" Windows packet software also has a newqpsk / Q15X25 option.
As with any amateur radio transmission, anyone can listen/decode Q15X25 transmissions, but an amateur radio operation license is required for transmission.
Frequencies (all USB) in use are (MixW center about 1350 Hz higher):
| Wavelength | Frequency |
| 80 m | 3585 kHz |
| 40 m | 7035 kHz |
| 20 m | 14109 kHz |
# Senator Gunderson

Senator Gunderson may refer to:
* Carl Gunderson (1864–1933), South Dakota State Senate
* Jerome O. Gunderson (1923–2016), Minnesota State Senate
# Timolaus

Timolaus may refer to:
* Timolaus and companions
* Timolaus of Cyzicus
* Timolaus of Palmyra
# Riqqeh

Riqqeh (also known as ar-Riqqeh or Riqqa) is a modern village in Egypt. It is located about 80 km south of Cairo.

## Overview

Close to the village, in the desert, was excavated a series of cemeteries. The cemeteries ranging in time from the Gerzeh culture to modern times. Most important are those tombs dating to the Gerzeh (named for the El Gerzeh cemetery) and those of the Middle and New Kingdoms. The cemeteries were excavated and published by Reginald Engelbach in 1912 to 1913.
Most of the tombs found were simple shafts, some with one or more chambers at the bottom. Finds include steles, statues and canopic jars. From the Middle Kingdom some well preserved and decorated coffins are preserved. Most remarkable was an undisturbed tomb containing two skeletons and golden jewellery. A closer look at this burial revealed that one of the skeletons belonged to the person buried here, while the other one belonged to a tomb robber, killed when the roof of the tomb chamber collapsed while he was looting the mummy.

## Literature

* R. Engelbach, M. A. Murray, Flinders Petrie, W. M. Flinders Petrie: Riqqeh and Memphis VI, (British School of Archaeology in Egypt and Egyptian Research Account Nineteenth Year, 1913), London 1915, online as pdf
* J. Richards: Society and Death in Ancient Egypt, Cambridge 2005, S. 98–106, 118-124 ISBN 0-521-84033-3
# Shadow stock

Shadow stock can mean several different things.
One meaning is a stock of an already-listed company which has the same or similar industry as a new-listed company. Since the stock price of new-listed companies mostly boosts up after being listed in a stock market, shadow stocks may also boost up to cope with the trend. However, as the increase in shadow stock price is irrelevant to the performance of the companies themselves, the stock price may drop again after such increasing power fades.
Another is a virtual "stock" which is merely a calculated value that a company uses internally to motivate and compensate employees. The calculation strips out the fluctuation that would occur for a real stock due to the general market, and is set using only fundamental analysis of the company's financial performance.
Another is a type of stock that passes a certain stock screening method developed by the American Association of Individual Investors. In this sense, the stock is supposedly undervalued because it is "in the shadows" as far as professional investors are concerned. To pass the screen, the stock must be in the bottom decile of market capitalization, have a price to book value ratio in the bottom decile, and meet other criteria.
Shadow stock can also refer to holdings of physical stock which fall outside official reporting channels, for example the London Metal Exchange has reported on global shadow stocks of aluminium and copper which are held by businesses outside of official reporting regimes.
# Spotorno (surname)

Spotorno is a last name. Notable people with this last name include:
* Diego Spotorno (born 1975), Ecuadorian actor and television host
* Domenico Spotorno, Italian architect who built the Ales Cathedral in 1687
* Juan Bautista Spotorno (1832–1917), president of Cuba
# OPS 5117

OPS 5117, also known as Navstar 5, GPS I-5 and GPS SVN-5, was an American navigation satellite launched in 1980 as part of the Global Positioning System development programme. It was the fifth of eleven Block I GPS satellites to be launched.

## Background

Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.

## Spacecraft

The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used to demonstrate the feasibility of the GPS system. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied over 400 watts. They had S-band communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. They were manufactured by Rockwell Space Systems, were 5.3 meters across with solar panels deployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlike the later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft were inclined at 63°.

## Launch

OPS 5117 was launched at 23:08 UTC on 9 February 1980, atop an Atlas F launch vehicle with an SGS-1 upper stage. The Atlas used had the serial number 35F, and was originally built as an Atlas F. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 3E at Vandenberg Air Force Base, and placed OPS 5117 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-27 apogee motor.

## Mission

By 27 February 1980, OPS 5117 had been raised to an orbit with a perigee of 20,144 km (12,517 mi), an apogee of 20,219 km (12,564 mi), a period of 717.94 minutes, and 63.2° of inclination to the equator. The satellite had a design life of 5 years and a mass of 758 kg (1,671 lb). It broadcast the PRN 05 signal in the GPS demonstration constellation, and was retired from service on 28 November 1983.
# Typhoon Olive (1978)

Typhoon Olive, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Atang, was a powerful tropical cyclone which affected the Philippines and Taiwan during April 1978. The second named storm and first typhoon of the 1978 Pacific typhoon season, Olive developed from a low-pressure area on April 15. One week later, it would peak as a minimal typhoon with 10-minute sustained winds of 90 mph. After it, it would steadily weaken, being last noted on April 26

## Meteorological history

In April 1978, the near-equatorial trough steadily tracked northwards, making cyclogenesis more likely to occur. On 12:00 UTC on April 11, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began to monitor a surface circulation which had formed within the trough. Five days later, the JTWC issued their first warning on the system as Tropical Depression 02W as the nascent system began coalescing. On April 18, the system entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, resulting in the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) naming the system Atang. Later that day, the system intensified into a tropical storm, resulting in it being named Olive. Soon after, Olive crossed the Leyte Gulf and the Philippine Islands, which hindered intensification.
Olive would steadily intensify after it entered the South China Sea on April 20, being in an environment with good outflow aloft and warm Sea surface temperatures, resulting in it intensifying into a typhoon on 6:00 UTC on April 22. Olive would recurve due to a break in the subtropical ridge, peaking with sustained winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) the next day. Olive would accelerate to the east-northeast, steadily weakening due to intruding cool and dry air, resulting in the system becoming extratropical early on April 26.

## Preparations and impacts

As Olive passed the Philippines, it would affect nearly 370,000 people in the nation, leaving 3,500 homeless. The MV Leyte, a lengthened ship of the Compania Maritima was caught in it, being wrecked in the southwestern portion of Sibuyan Island as she was on a Manila-Cebu voyage. The Hong Kong Observatory would hoist its Stand-By Signal No. 1 on April 24 as Olive neared the island but would lower it hours later as it left the area. Despite not affecting the island in any way, Olive would bring some light storm surges to the island. In total, 66 people died, mainly in the Philippines.
# PRB

PRB may refer to:

## Companies and organizations

* Periodic Review Board
* Population Reference Bureau
* Poudreries Réunies de Belgique, former Belgium armaments manufacturer
* PRB (company), Australian Automotive Manufacturer
* PRB, French Coatings Company
* Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood of artists
* PRB Sailing Team
* Polish Business Council (Polska Rada Biznessu in Polish)

## Politics

* Brazilian Republican Party (Partido Republicano Brasileiro, in Portuguese)
* Parti Rakyat Brunei, former political party in Brunei

## Science

* Retinoblastoma protein, pRb, an important tumour-suppressor gene in retinoblastoma
* Progesterone receptor B

## Other uses

* Paso Robles Municipal Airport, IATA designation
* People’s Republic of Bangladesh
* People's Republic of Benin
* People's Republic of Bulgaria
* Permeable reactive barrier, for groundwater remediation
* Physical Review B, physics journal
* Powder River Basin, US
* PRB (vessel)
* The unofficial ISO 4217 code for the Transnistrian rubla
# Q17

Q17 may refer to:
* Q17 (New York City bus)
* Al-Isra', the seventeenth surah of the Quran
* Boonville Airport (California)
* French submarine Perle (Q17), a Naïade-class submarine
# Senator Grout

Senator Grout may refer to:
* Henry W. Grout (1858–1932), Iowa State Senate
* Josiah Grout (1842–1925), Vermont State Senate
* William W. Grout (1836–1902), Vermont State Senate
# Tine van der Maas

Tine van der Maas (born 15 March 1954) is an Argentine-born South African nutritionist and HIV/AIDS denialist. Her family is originally of Dutch origin before immigrating to South Africa. She started treating people with AIDS in 1989.
Van der Maas was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She is best known for her natural treatment of AIDS and related diseases with a lemon mixture, garlic and beetroot. She was the caretaker of Nozipho Bhengu, who died in 2006 from an AIDS-related illness after being persuaded to stop taking her medication. Bhengu posthumously became a center of awareness on HIV/AIDS.
Former South African president Thabo Mbeki questioned the link between HIV and AIDS. In his speech to the 13th International AIDS Conference in Durban (2000), he stated, "The world's biggest killer and the greatest cause of ill health and suffering across the globe, including South Africa, is extreme poverty." This occurred at the same time Tine van der Maas came to public attention working with then Minister of Health, Dr. Manto Tshabalala-Msimang.
# Rihei ware

Rihei ware (理平焼, Rihei-yaki) is a type of Japanese pottery traditionally made in Takamatsu, Kagawa prefecture.
# Shade Rupe

Shade Rupe (born August 23, 1968) is an American writer, editor, and filmmaker.
Rupe created the two volumes of Funeral Party in 1995 and 1997. The first volume was edited and designed by Rupe, along with Michael Rorro and Marlene Leach, Volume Two features the work of Trevor Brown, Ulli Lommel, Miguel Ángel Martín, Jack Ketchum, George Kuchar and Mike Kuchar, Milo Sacchi, and Jack Stevenson, among others. In reviewing Volume Two, the cult film magazine Shock Cinema called Funeral Party "a beautiful work, loaded with artwork ... much of which is sure to offend ... and always pushing the envelope in an effort to shed light on the darker niches of human ecstasy."
As a writer, Rupe contributed over 40 reviews to the Scarecrow Video Guide, wrote articles for various underground and horror publications including Fangoria, Rue Morgue, Screem, Panik and Timeless, and contributed to the French publication Tenebres for its special Stephen King edition. He's also written online articles for Fangoria.com, Rue-Morgue.com, ShockTilYaDrop.com, and ComingSoon.net.
In 2010 Rupe hosted a six-week, four-city tour for British filmmaker Ken Russell.
In 2011 Rupe released an anthology of 24 years of his interviews with such subjects as Udo Kier, Divine, Richard Kern, Tura Satana, Alejandro Jodorowsky, Hermann Nitsch, Teller of Penn & Teller, Dennis Cooper, Dame Darcy, Crispin Glover, Gaspar Noe, Johanna Went, and Brother Theodore, published by Headpress as Dark Stars Rising: Conversation from the Outer Realms. The book was very well received, with Serbia's Dejan Ognjanovic remarking "These images almost literally burst from the paper in a subliminal, psychedelic manner, spilling from the edges of the pages into your surroundings and into your brain – altering them so that after reading this book you can't be the same person as before."
Teller of Penn & Teller created a fantasmagoric spook show with Coney Island showman Todd Robbins entitled Play Dead. At the suggestion of filmmaker Ezekiel Zabrowski Teller asked if Shade could document the production, which led to Shade directing the filming of the live production during performances at the Players Theatre in Manhattan's Greenwich Village in July 2011. Edited by Teller into the finished film, Play Dead had its world premiere at the 16th Fantasia International Film Festival in Montreal, QC, July 27, 2012. Teller, Todd Robbins, and Shade Rupe appeared for the Q&A, which included Todd eating a lightbulb and Teller swallowing needles and regurgitating them strung up on a string. Play Dead was chosen as the Opening Night film of the 12th Annual Coney Island Film Festival, with Todd Robbins and Shade in attendance.
# Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife

Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife (2005), published by W. W. Norton & Company, a nonfiction work by Mary Roach, is a humorous scientific exploration as to whether there is a soul that survives death. In Britain, the title of the book is Six Feet Over: Adventures in the Afterlife.
Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife was the recipient of the Elle Reader's Prize in October 2005. Spook was also listed as a New York Times Notable Books pick in 2005, as well as a New York Times Bestseller, and it was also an October Booksense pick.

## Book synopsis

Author Mary Roach investigates the possibility of an afterlife and also attempts to find and define the soul, all while using a scientific approach. The book covers these topics:
* Investigations of reincarnation
* Attempts to find the soul (by dissection, weighing, and other methods)
* Spiritualism, fraudulent mediums, and ectoplasm
* Modern mediumship, and "medium schools"
* Attempts to use electronic devices to communicate with the dead, including electronic voice phenomena (EVP)
* Other forces that make people feel haunted electromagnetic fields, infrasound, etc.
* Court cases involving ghosts
* Near-death experiences and out-of-body experiences
# So Uk

So Uk (Chinese: 蘇屋; Cantonese Yale: Sōuūk) is an area in New Kowloon of Hong Kong, located to the north of Cheung Sha Wan. It was originally a village founded and resided by a clan bearing the surname So. The area now includes the area surrounding So Uk Estate, and a major hospital, Caritas Medical Centre, is also located within the area.

## History

When the first ancestor of the So Clan of So Uk arrived in 1739, he called his new home Mau Tin Tsuen (lit. "Village of the Rough Grass Fields"); and his descendants long used this name before So Uk came into common usage.
In the 1950s, the original So Uk Village, occupied largely by squatter huts, was demolished to make way for a public housing estate, later known as "So Uk Estate".
# PRAP1

Proline rich acidic protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRAP1 gene.
# Qingxin, Qingyuan

Qingxin District (Chinese: 清新区; pinyin: Qīngxīn Qū), formerly Qingxin County, is a district of Qingyuan City, in northwest-central Guangdong province, China.
* This Guangdong location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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