OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Runnymede (1854 ship)

Runnymede was built in 1854 at Sunderland, England. In 1856 she made her first voyage from London to Australia, transporting convicts to Western Australia. She was wrecked in 1866.

## Career

Runnymede first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1854.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Homeport | Source & notes |
| 1855 | Burrows | Brass & Co. | Sunderland–East Indies | Bristol | LR |
| 1856 | Burrows | Brass & Co. | London–Australia | London | LR |
Convict voyage (1856): Runnymede, William Burrows, master, sailed from Plymouth on 15 June 1856 and arrived at Fremantle, Swan River Colony, on 7 September. she was the 17th convict ship to arrive there. She carried 248 male convicts, 30 guards with their 19 wives, 18 sons and 22 daughters. There were no deaths among the convicts on the voyage.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Homeport | Source & notes |
| 1858 | Burrows | Brass & Co. | London | London | LR |
| 1861 | T.Rickeby | Brass & Co. | London | London | LR |
| 1864 | T.Rickeby J.Little | Brass & Co. T.Lewis | London–Australia | London | LR; small repairs 1864 |

## Fate

In 1866, Runnymede was carrying wool and copper ore between Wallaroo, South Australia and Tasmania to Swansea, Wales. She sprang a leak off Cape Leeuwin, continued on towards Mauritius, and eventually sank near Klippen Point off Eastern Cape, South Africa. The entry for her in LR for 1865 carries the annotation "Wrecked".
# Yeast U1 spliceosomal RNA

U1 is a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) component of the spliceosome and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing.
In the splicing process the 5' end of the U1 snRNA forms complementary base pairing with the 5' splice junction of the intron to be excised, thus defining the 5' donor site of an intron.
There are significant differences in sequence and secondary structure between metazoan and yeast U1 snRNAs, the latter being much longer (568 nucleotides as compared to 164 nucleotides in human). Nevertheless, secondary structure predictions suggest that all U1 snRNAs share a 'common core' consisting of helices I, II, the proximal region of III, and IV. The secondary structure model shows the structure prediction for the larger yeast sequences.
# Panel-reactive antibody

A panel-reactive antibody (PRA) is a group of antibodies in a test serum that are reactive against any of several known specific antigens in a panel of test leukocytes or purified HLA antigens from cells. It is an immunologic metric routinely performed by clinical laboratories on the blood of people awaiting organ transplantation.
Traditionally serum is exposed to panel lymphocytes and to an extent other leukocytes in a complement dependent cytotoxicity test. From the extent and pattern of cytotoxicity an estimation of what percentage of the possible donor population the patient has antibodies against is calculated. The PRA score is expressed as a percentage representing the proportion of the population to which the person being tested will react via pre-existing antibodies against human cell surface antigens, which include human leukocyte antigen|HLA] and other polymorphic antigen systems. It is a test of the degree of alloimmunity in a graft recipient and thus a test that quantifies the risk of transplant rejection. Each population has a different demographic prevalence of particular antigens, so the PRA test panel constituents differ from country to country.
Since late 1990's, a purified HLA antigen panel affixed to latex beads coated in fluorochrome, a kind of so called solid phase assay, has been used to replace or complement the cell based assay This test will miss non-HLA antibodies as well as antibodies directed against HLA not included in the assay, but removes the need for panel cells.
A high PRA value usually means that the individual is primed to react immunologically against a large proportion of the population. Individuals with a high PRA value are often termed "sensitized", which indicates that they have been exposed to "foreign" (or "non-self") proteins in the past and have developed antibodies to them. These antibodies typically develop following previous transplants, blood transfusions and pregnancy. Transplanting organs into recipients with pre- formed antibodies may significantly increase the risk of organ rejection.
Extensive efforts have been made to identify treatment regimes to reduce PRA in sensitized transplant candidates. In certain circumstances, plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, rituximab and other "antibody-directed" immune therapies may be employed, but this is an area in which active investigation continues.
# Re Grant's Will Trusts

Re Grant's Will Trusts [1979] 3 All ER 359 is an English trusts law case, concerning the policy of the "beneficiary principle" and unincorporated associations.

## Facts

A bequest was given 'to the Labour Party Property Committee for the benefit of the Chertsey Headquarters of the Chertsey and Walton Constituency Labour Party' and if the Constituency Labour Party (CLP) moved from the Chertsey UDC area his estate would pass to the National Labour Party. Its rules, which bound the members, could be altered by a non member: the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party. This meant that unlike a normal association, the members could not unanimously agree to waive the rules and divide the property between themselves.

## Judgment

Vinelott J held that the estate was to be kept intact as endowment capital on trust for the Labour Party’s purposes, and therefore was void for infringing the beneficiary principle and the rule against inalienability. The Re Recher analysis (that donations take effect as accretions to the group’s funds, subject to the contract that exists between the members) could not be applied. Referring to Re Denley's he continued.
   That case on a proper analysis, in my judgment, falls altogether outside the categories of gifts to unincorporated association and purpose trusts. I can see no distinction in principle between a trust to permit a class defined by reference to employment to use and enjoy land in accordance with rules to be made at the discretion of trustees on the one hand, and, on the other hand, a trust to distribute income at the discretion of trustees amongst a class, defined by reference to, for example, relationship to the settlor. In both cases the benefit to be taken by any member of the class is at the discretion of the trustees, but any member of the class can apply to the court to compel the trustees to administer the trust in accordance with its terms.
# Valdearenas

Valdearenas is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain.

## History

After the Castellan troops conquered the Alcarria shire (in the early 12th century), the Badiel valley was colonised by northern Christians, who joined the Moors and Jews who remained after the conquest. The economy was strong, which led to an important political participation.
# RPR

RPR may refer to:

## Computing

* RPR FOM, a distributed computer simulation standard

## Science

* RPR problem diagnosis, to find the cause of IT problems
* RPRD2 gene, which encodes the KIAA0460 protein
* RprA RNA, a gene
* Flopristin or RPR 132552A, an antibiotic
* Rapid plasma reagin, a screening test for syphilis

## Politics

* Rally for the Republic, or Rassemblement pour la République, a defunct French political party
* Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party, or RPR-PARNAS, a Russian political party
* Romanian People's Republic or Republica Populară Romînă, 1947-1965

## Transportation

* Swami Vivekananda Airport, India, IATA code
* Redlands Passenger Rail, previous name of Arrow, California, United States

## Other

* Registered Professional Reporter, a US certification
* Resilient Packet Ring or IEEE 802.17, a data traffic protocol
* Ruger Precision Rifle, an American bolt-action rifle
# Northam Commando

Northam Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

## History
### Operations
#### With the SADF

During this era, the unit was mainly used for area force protection, search and cordones as well as stock theft control assistance to the rural police.

#### With the SANDF
##### Disbandment

This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 "because of the role it played in the apartheid era", according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.

## Leadership

Leadership :
| From | Honorary Colonels | To |
| From | Commanding Officers | To |
| From | Regimental Sergeants Major | To |
# Rural Municipality of Garry No. 245

The Rural Municipality of Garry No. 245 (2016 population: 364) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 9 and SARM Division No. 4.

## History

The RM of Garry No. 245 incorporated as a rural municipality on January 1, 1913.

## Geography
### Communities and localities

The following unincorporated communities are within the RM.

#### Localities

* Beaver Dale
* Fitzmaurice
* Homefield
* Jedburgh
* Parkerview
* Rock Dell

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the RM of Garry No. 245 had a population of 370 living in 152 of its 175 total private dwellings, a change of 1.6% from its 2016 population of 364. With a land area of 790.2 km$^2$ (305.1 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.5/km$^2$ (1.2/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the RM of Garry No. 245 recorded a population of 364 living in 141 of its 146 total private dwellings, a -11.7% change from its 2011 population of 412. With a land area of 853.59 km$^2$ (329.57 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.4/km$^2$ (1.1/sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

The RM of Garry No. 245 is governed by an elected municipal council and an appointed administrator that meets on the second Tuesday of every month. The reeve of the RM is Allan Polegi while its administrator is Tanis Ferguson. The RM's office is located in Jedburgh.

## Transportation

* Highway 52
* Highway 617
# Pappireddipatti taluk

Pappireddipatti taluk is a taluk in the Dharmapuri district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Pappireddipatti.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Pappireddipatti had a population of 241,116 with 122,690 males and 118,426 females. There were 965 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 64.67. Child population in the age group below 6 was 11,754 Males and 11,071 Females.
# Rotha Johnston

Dame Rotha Geraldine Diane Johnston, DBE (born August 1959) is a Northern Irish entrepreneur in commerce and property. Johnston is chair of Northern Ireland Screen, a non-executive director of Northern Ireland Electricity and an independent board member of the Department of Justice and Belfast Harbour Commissioners.
Johnston, a native of West Belfast who attended St Dominic's Grammar School, is a non-executive Director of Allied Irish Bank and Deputy Chair of Invest Northern Ireland. She is a non-executive member of the Northern Ireland Office and Pro Chancellor at Queen's University Belfast.

## BBC

* BBC portal
On 1 November 2006 Johnston was appointed as one of the founding members of the BBC Trust, which along with a formal executive board replaced the former BBC Board of Governors as the governing body of the BBC. Her term expired on 31 October 2010. Until late 2012, Johnston served as BBC National Trustee for Northern Ireland and chaired the BBC Audience Council Northern Ireland, which advises the BBC Trust on the views of Northern Irish licence fee payers.
She was also the chair of the Trust's Finance and Compliance Committee. She was replaced by Aideen McGinley, a former Chief Executive of Ilex.

## Honours

Johnston was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2006 New Year Honours and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to the Northern Ireland economy and public service.
# The Sky Rider

The Sky Rider is a 1928 American silent drama film directed by Alan James and starring Gareth Hughes and Josephine Hill.

## Cast

* Champion the Dog as Champion
* Gareth Hughes as Dick
* Josephine Hill as Alice Allan
* J.P. Lockney as John Wilson
* John Tansey as Joseph
* Lew Meehan as Mike Slaney
* Sheldon Lewis as Doc Shade
* Aline Goodwin as Mrs. Shade
# North Hills (Montana)

There are a number of small foothills known as the North Hills, in Montana. One group is el. 3,556 feet (1,084 m), is northwest of Missoula, Montana in Missoula County, Montana. Another is due north of Bozeman, Montana in Gallatin County, Montana, and yet another is due north of Helena, Montana in Lewis and Clark County, Montana. All of these foothills are generally considered part of larger ranges.
# Piedramillera

Piedramillera is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, Northern Spain.
# The Gate Arts Centre

51°29′28″N 3°10′08″W﻿ / ﻿51.491°N 3.169°W﻿ / 51.491; -3.169
The Gate Arts Centre (often just referred to as the Gate) is an arts centre and community building located in Keppoch Street, Roath, Cardiff. The Gate is in a Grade 2 listed building (in what was formerly the Plasnewydd Presbyterian Church) and was opened in September 2004.

## History

The Gate is housed in a Grade II listed church building, formerly the Plasnewydd Presbyterian Church and school hall. It is located in Keppoch Street overlooking Plasnewydd Square in the Roath area of Cardiff. The school hall was built in 1886 and the church was added in 1901 to the designs of architect W. Beddoe Rees in collaboration with J. H. James. In a Gothic style, the church has three bays to the front and four bays facing Keppoch Street. A polygonal bell tower is on the street corner. The main body of the church had (and still has) galleries on three sides, supported by iron columns with classical capitals. The building was received a heritage listing of Grade II in 1998, being a prominent, finely detailed church by an important architect.
The Gate centre was purchased in 2000 and underwent a four-year redevelopment with the aid of £1.2M from the Heritage Lottery Fund, £1.2M from a private individual and £400,000 from the Welsh Assembly Government. After four years of planning and refurbishment under the guidance of architect Rob Cruwys, it opened its doors in September 2004.
The BBC television programme Songs of Praise was filmed here and broadcast on 14 May 2006.

## Founders

The centre was founded by religious author, Rob Lacey (d. 2006), and his wife Sandra Harnich-Lacey.

## Facilities

After four years of planning and refurbishment under the guidance of architect Rob Cruwys, it opened the Gate doors in September 2004.
The Grand Theatre, formerly an upper section of the church, is a performance space seating up to 350 on the original wooden pews and a raked gallery floor.
The Dance Studio features the original carved pulpit and elaborate columns.
The Gate has two Exhibition Galleries, the first in the original front entrance to the church with a glazed screen and curved pew, the other in a corridor against the original exterior south stone wall.
A cafe bar has been formed in the original schoolroom, the oldest part of the building dating back to 1896.
Other spaces available include an auditorium in which visiting theatre and musical groups are able to perform.

## Workshops and classes

Throughout the week a variety of courses and workshops are held at the centre ranging from dance to creative writing. See The Gate Arts Centre Weekly Classes
The Gate Arts Centre also offers drama classes. The theatre is often used for performances and plays. The Saturday morning theatre group, Performers, uses the venue regularly and uses the upstairs theatre for its performances.
# Rose Lynn, Alberta

Rose Lynn is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada located in Special Area No. 2.
# Normal form

Normal form may refer to:
* Normal form (databases)
* Normal form (game theory)
* Canonical form
* Normal form (dynamical systems)
* Hesse normal form
* Normal form in music
* Jordan normal form
in formal language theory:
* Chomsky normal form
* Greibach normal form
* Kuroda normal form
* Normal form (abstract rewriting), an element of a rewrite system which cannot be further rewritten
in logic:
* Normal form (natural deduction)
* Algebraic normal form
* Canonical normal form
* Clausal normal form
* Conjunctive normal form
* Disjunctive normal form
* Negation normal form
* Prenex normal form
* Skolem normal form
in lambda calculus:
# Rural Municipality of Frontier No. 19

The Rural Municipality of Frontier No. 19 (2016 population: 326) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 4 and SARM Division No. 3. Located in the southwest portion of the province, it is adjacent to the United States border, neighbouring Blaine County in Montana.

## History

The RM of Frontier No. 19 incorporated as a rural municipality on January 1, 1913. The name of the RM originated in 1912, reflecting its position along the United States boundary. The first Frontier post office, opened 1917, was just four miles north of the border. The Village of Frontier took its name from the surrounding RM in 1923.

## Geography
### Communities and localities

The following urban municipalities are surrounded by the RM.

#### Villages

* Frontier
The following unincorporated communities are within the RM.

#### Localities

* Claydon
* Divide
* Loomis
* Staynor Hall

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the RM of Frontier No. 19 had a population of 347 living in 87 of its 107 total private dwellings, a change of 6.4% from its 2016 population of 326. With a land area of 1,631.39 km$^2$ (629.88 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.2/km$^2$ (0.6/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the RM of Frontier No. 19 recorded a population of 326 living in 91 of its 109 total private dwellings, a -12.1% change from its 2011 population of 371. With a land area of 1,675.02 km$^2$ (646.73 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.2/km$^2$ (0.5/sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

The RM of Frontier No. 19 is governed by an elected municipal council and an appointed administrator that meets on the second Tuesday of every month. The reeve of the RM is Troy Heggestad while its administrator is Barb Webber. The RM's office is located in Frontier.

## Transportation

| Highway | Starting point | Communities | Ending point |
| Highway 18 | Saskatchewan Highway 13 | Frontier, Claydon, and Loomis | Manitoba Highway 3 |
# Yellow-eared spiderhunter

The yellow-eared spiderhunter (Arachnothera chrysogenys) is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
# Ronaldo Carvalho

Ronaldo Carvalho may also refer to:
* Ronaldo de Carvalho (born 1959), Brazilian Olympic rower
* Ronaldo Carvalho (tennis) (born 1979), Brazilian tennis player
# The Sporting Instinct

The Sporting Instinct is a 1922 British silent drama film directed by Arthur Rooke and starring Lilian Douglas, Joseph R. Tozer and Mickey Brantford.

## Cast

* Lilian Douglas as June Crisp
* Joseph R. Tozer as Jerry West
* Mickey Brantford as Tony
* Tom Coventry as The Burglar
* Betty Chapman as His Wife
* Somers Bellamy as The Captain
* Hetty Chapman
* Vivian Gosnell
* Howard Symons
* Billy Vernon
# Piedras (Buenos Aires Underground)

Piedras is a station on Line A of the Buenos Aires Underground. It is located underneath the Avenida de Mayo in the neighbourhood of Monserrat and one of its entrances is located next to the famous Café Tortoni. The station belonged to the inaugural section of the Buenos Aires Underground opened on 1 December 1913, which linked the stations Plaza Miserere and Plaza de Mayo.
# Rose Lu

Rose Lu (born 1990) is a New Zealand writer and software developer. Her book All Who Live on Islands is a series of autobiographic essays sharing her experience of growing up as a Chinese person in New Zealand and has been acclaimed as "an intimate and confident view of New Zealand life through the eyes of an Asian immigrant". In 2018, she was a recipient of the Creative Nonfiction Prize at the International Institute of Modern Letters. She has a bachelor's degree in mechatronics engineering from University of Canterbury and a master's degree in creative writing from Victoria University of Wellington.

## Biography

Lu is from Chongming District, Shanghai, China and came to New Zealand when she was five years old with her parents and grandparents in 1995. The family ended up in Whanganui where her parents owned a dairy and takeaway shop.
She completed her undergraduate degree in mechatronics engineering at the University of Canterbury in 2011. Lu has worked as a software developer since 2012. She studied creative writing at the International Institute of Modern Letters at Victoria University of Wellington graduating in 2018 with a master's degree. When asked about her engineering background in relationship to her creative writing Lu said, "it had a big impact on the level of clarity and precision in my writing". Her technical career started with a role writing software for microcontrollers for a wheelchair company in Christchurch. As of 2021 she works as a web developer as well as being an author, and is based in Wellington.
Lu's book All Who Live on Islands (2019) contains personal essays from the perspective of a Chinese person living in New Zealand and covers topics of racism, culture and family. It was written to capture the experience of growing up "caught between worlds" in China, Whanganui, Christchurch, Palmerston North, Auckland and Wellington. It is unique as there are very few Chinese New Zealand authors published in New Zealand. Lu is amongst a new generation of Asian New Zealand writers and artists, following from a small handful including Helene Wong, Emma Ng, Alison Wong and Kerry Ann Lee. Extracts of Lu's book All Who Live on Islands have appeared in journals and online including Sport, Starling, The Pantograph Punch, Turbine Kapohau and Mimicry.
In December 2021 Lu was announced to be the recipient of the 2022 Randell Cottage Writers' Residency. She said that she would use her six months at the cottage in Thorndon to work on her first novel. She was awarded an emerging writer's residency at the Michael King Writers Centre in 2024.
Literary festivals which have featured Lu include the Auckland Writers Festival and the Verb Wellington Festival. Lu has named authors Esme Weijun Wang, Carmen Maria Machado and Jenny Zhang as her influences.

## Awards

* 2018: Creative Nonfiction Prize at the International Institute of Modern Letters, Victoria University of Wellington
* 2022: Randell Cottage Writer in Residence
* 2024: Michael King Writers Centre emerging writer's residency