OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Product inhibition

Product inhibition is a type of enzyme inhibition where the product of an enzyme reaction inhibits its production. Cells utilize product inhibition to regulate of metabolism as a form of negative feedback controlling metabolic pathways. Product inhibition is also an important topic in biotechnology, as overcoming this effect can increase the yield of a product, such as an antibiotic. Product inhibition can be competitive, non-competitive or uncompetitive.

## Mitigation of product inhibition
### Reactor design

One method to reduce product inhibition is the use of a membrane reactor. These bioreactors uses a membrane to separate products from the rest of the reactor, limiting their inhibition. If the product differs greatly in size from the cells producing it, and the substrate feeding the cells, then the reactor can utilize a semipermeable membrane allowing to products to exit the reactor while leaving the cells and substrate behind to continue reacting making more product. Other reactor systems use chemical potential to separate products from the reactor, such as solubility of different compounds allowing one to pass through the membrane. Electrokinetic bioreactor systems have been developed which use electrolysis, a process that uses electrical charge to remove the product from the bioreactor system.
External loop reactor uses current created by air bubbles flowing through the reactor to create a flow that brings the reactor contents through an external loop. A separating membrane can be placed in the external loop to collect product, and reduce product inhibition. A downside to external loop reactors is they create additional shear stress. Submerged membrane bioreactors have the membrane contained within the main chamber of the bioreactor.
A separative bioreactor is a type of continuous reactor where the producing cells are mounted on a resin membrane as to not flow out of the reactor as substrate is passed over them. The continuous flow of the reactor takes the product downstream as it is produced.

### Other methods of mitigating product inhibition

Integrated liquid-liquid extraction can be used to remove products that have a density that differs from the rest of the bioreactors contents. This is done by adding a solvent downstream of the bioreactor and letting the product separate out in a settling tank before the bioreactor effluent is moved to a secondary reactor or returned to its initial reactor to continue its cultivation. This process can be done in batch or continuous operation.
Vacuum extraction can be used in fermentation to remove ethanol from a reactor. When the liquid in the vessel is placed in vacuum conditions the ethanol begins to evaporate because its more volatile than the rest of the reactor contents. This technique requires an acclimation period for the yeast in the reactor to adapt to the lower pressure environment.
Product neutralization if a products inhibition due to its pH then it can be neutralized in the reactor and further processed downstream back into its original form.
# USS Beale (DD-40)

USS Beale (DD-40), a Paulding-class destroyer served in the United States Navy during World War I and later with the United States Coast Guard. She was the first ship of the Navy to be named for Edward Fitzgerald Beale.
Beale was launched on 30 April 1912 and was commissioned on 30 August 1912. She served in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea until 1915 and with the Atlantic Fleet from 1916 until being decommissioned in 1919. She was transferred to the United States Coast Guard in 1924. From 1924 to 1930 she operated to prevent rum-runners from illegally bringing alcoholic beverages into the United States. Beale was scrapped in 1934.

## World War I

Beale was launched on 30 April 1912 by William Cramp and Sons Ship and Engine Building Company of Philadelphia. She was sponsored by Mrs. John R. McLean, daughter of Lieutenant Beale. She was commissioned on 30 August 1912.
Beale joined the 5th Group, Torpedo Flotilla of the Atlantic Fleet, and cruised along the Atlantic coast and in Mexican and Caribbean waters until placed in reserve on 13 December 1915. She was reactivated with a reduced crew on 5 January 1916 and served on Neutrality Patrol along the Atlantic coast until placed in full commission on 22 March 1917. She joined the Atlantic Destroyer Force and arrived at Queenstown, Ireland on 5 February 1918.
Beale operated out of Queenstown on convoy and patrol duty until the end of World War I. She returned to the United States in December 1918 and served with the Atlantic Fleet until placed out of commission in reserve at Philadelphia Navy Yard on 25 October 1919.

## Inter-war period

Beale was reactivated in 1924 and transferred to the Coast Guard on 28 April 1924 for use in enforcing the Volstead Act, which prohibited the sale or import of alcoholic beverages in the United States. In Coast Guard service she was assigned hull number CG-9. She was returned to the Navy on 18 October 1930 and was laid up at Philadelphia Navy Yard until she was scrapped in 1934.
# Used to Get High

"Used to Get High" is a radio promotional single by Australian jam band, The John Butler Trio from their fourth studio album Grand National. It was released by Jarrah Records in November 2007. It deals with the issue of addiction, and the many forms it takes.
The song was voted in at #22 on Triple J's Hottest 100 for 2007.
"Used to Get High" featured on the 2009 Australian comedy film, Stone Bros., directed by Richard J. Frankland.

## Music video

The music video for the song was directed by Dori Oskowitz (Highway 144) and was released to MTV and YouTube on 28 February 2008. The video received little airplay, but has over 2,000,000 views on YouTube. The video opens with John Butler walking down a dark alleyway, he picks up his guitar and the band begins playing the song in the same alleyway. Despite several puddles, a dark look and a generally unpleasant looking location, the band plays, and is obviously enjoying themselves. During the second verse, a man can be seen taking pills. As the band performs, a crowd begins to formulate. But each of them is distracted by something. Some are distracted by mobile phones, some are eating, and some are using portable games consoles. In the final verse, leading the final chorus in the song, a young boy sees the band playing, and begins to move to the rhythm. The rest of the crowd notices the band, and does the same. When the song finishes, the crowd dissipates, and the video fades to black.

## Track listing

All tracks written by John Butler
# Mitsubishi APWR

The Mitsubishi advanced pressurized water reactor (APWR) is a generation III nuclear reactor design developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) based on pressurized water reactor technology. It features several design enhancements including a neutron reflector, improved efficiency and improved safety systems. It has safety features advanced over the last generation, including a combination of passive and active systems. None are currently under construction.

## History

The standard APWR is going through the licensing process in Japan and two (of 1538 MWe) are being constructed at the Tsuruga plant. The next APWR+ will be of a 1700 MWe power and have full MOX core abilities.
The US-APWR was developed by MHI to modify their APWR design to comply with US regulations. TXU selected the US-APWR for use at multiple sites, including the Comanche Peak Nuclear Generating Station. However, in 2013, Mitsubishi slowed U.S. certification work, and the application to build two units at Comanche was suspended.
The reactors are intended for use in nuclear power plants to produce nuclear power from nuclear fuel.

## Plant parameters

| Electric Power | 1,700 MWe |
| Core Thermal Power | 4,451 MWt |
| Reactor Fuel Assemblies | 257 |
| Reactor Fuel | Advanced 17x17, 14 ft. |
| Active Core Length | 4.2 meters |
| Coolant System Loops | 4 |
| Coolant Flow | 7.64 m$^3$/s/loop |
| Coolant Pressure | 15.5 MPa |
| Steam Generator Type | 90TT-1 |
| Number of Steam Generators | 4 |
| Reactor Coolant Pump Type | 100A |
| Number of Reactor Coolant Pumps | 4 |
| Reactor Coolant Pump Motor Output | 6 MWe |
The US-APWR has several design features to improve plant economics. The core is surrounded by a steel neutron reflector which increases reactivity and saves ~0.1wt% U-235 enrichment. In addition, the US-APWR uses more advanced steam generators (compared to the APWR) which creates drier steam allowing for the use of higher efficiency (and more delicate) turbines. This leads to a ~10% efficiency increase compared to the APWR.
Several safety improvements are also notable. The safety systems have enhanced redundancy, utilizing 4 trains each capable of supplying 50% of the needed high pressure makeup water instead of 2 trains capable of 100%. Also, more reliance is placed on the accumulators which have been redesigned and increased in size. The improvements in this passive system have led to the elimination of the Low Pressure Safety Injection system, an active system.

## Units
### Planned

In 2013, plans to build units in the U.S. were suspended:
* TXUs Comanche Peak Nuclear Generating Station
* North Anna Nuclear Generating Station unit 3
On 10 May 2011, Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan announced that Japan was cancelling plans for new nuclear construction, including the 2 proposed new APWR reactors at Tsuruga Nuclear Power Plant. As of 2014, under a new government, plans for Tsuruga were uncertain. In March 2015 the Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) accepted an expert report that concluded Tsuruga is on an active geological fault.
# Pavle Gregorić

Pavle Gregorić (18 October 1892 – 23 March 1989) was a Croatian communist revolutionary and politician who served as the Minister for Croatia in the government of the Democratic Federative Republic of Yugoslavia from 7 March 1945 to 14 April 1945.
# Westwood Collegiate

Westwood Collegiate is a high school in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The school teaches grades 9 to 12. Located at 360 Rouge Road, the school is part of the St. James-Assiniboia School Division. In addition to the Provincial Graduation Diploma, Westwood also offers IB Diplomas through the International Baccalaureate Program.
The school's mission statement is "to empower all students and staff for the choices and challenges of the 21st century while working and learning in a safe and supportive environment."

## Notable alumni

* Dustin Boyd, professional ice hockey player
* Wendy Crewson, actress (The Santa Clause)
* Tanyalee Davis, stand-up comedian
* Chris Jericho, professional wrestler (WWE), musician (Fozzy), and TV personality
* Greg MacPherson, singer/songwriter
* Nolan Patrick, professional ice hockey player for the Vegas Golden Knights
* Mark Stone, professional ice hockey player for the Vegas Golden Knights
* Michael Stone (ice hockey), professional ice hockey player for the Calgary Flames
* Joey Vickery, professional basketball player
* Doug Wilson, professional ice hockey defenceman and executive
# Sydney Declaration

The Sydney APEC Leaders' Declaration on Climate Change, Energy Security and Clean Development was adopted at APEC Australia 2007 on 8 September 2007.
The agreement indicates the wish of signatories to work towards aspirational goals on energy efficiency per unit of GDP while encouraging forest cover in the region. The APEC wide regional aspirational goal is to reduce energy intensity by at least 25 percent by 2030 from the 2005 level, and set an APEC-wide regional goal of increasing forest cover in the region by 200,000 square kilometres by 2020.

## Criticism

Environmental and climate organisations such as Greenpeace, the Australian Conservation Foundation and the Climate Action Network criticised the agreement for not setting binding targets on greenhouse gas emissions for developed countries, and that the statement was little more than a political stunt.
Greenpeace pointed out that Foreign Minister Alexander Downer told an APEC lecture in Melbourne in April 2007 that aspirational targets are a "political stunt" and "not a real target at all". One Greenpeace spokesperson said the declaration should be named the "Sydney Distraction" on climate change.
The Australian Conservation Foundation called the declaration "very weak" and said the "declaration does not advance global discussions on climate change."
# USS Beale

Two ships of the United States Navy have borne the name Beale, in honor of Edward Fitzgerald Beale.
* USS Beale (DD-40), was a Paulding-class destroyer, commissioned in 1912 and scrapped in 1934.
* USS Beale (DD-471), was a Fletcher-class destroyer, commissioned in 1942 and struck in 1968.

## Sources

* This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
# Venansault

Venansault (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the northern-western of France. Located in the Vendée department in the Pays de Loire region. It belongs to the urban area and agglomeration of La Roche-sur-Yon (chief town of the department).

## Population

The French demonym for its inhabitants is Venansaltais (masculine) or Venansaltaise (feminine).

## Toponymy

Saint Venant (Saint Venance Fortunat), a man of letters from Italy, 25th bishop of Poitiers, who died at the very beginning of the 6th century, is said to be the origin of the name of the commune. However, it is also possible that it comes from the Latin word "Venantisaltus", meaning "Wooded gorge".
Despite these hypotheses, the radical of the name is rare and unique in the region. Only one commune in France seems to share it : Venanson in the Alpes-Maritimes. There is also commune called Saint-Venant in Pas-de-Calais, and Saint-Venant-de-Paquette in Quebec which are said to have their orignins in a holy hermit named "Venatius" (Venant)

## International relations

Created in 1999, the Twinning Committee aims to encourage the establishment of relations between the inhabitants of Venansault and those of the twin towns.This association has already created twinnings with the town of Wolin in Poland and the town of Mercury in France.
# Wicked Jazz Sounds

Wicked Jazz Sounds is a Dutch music collective and event organizer located in Amsterdam founded in 2002.

## History

In May 2002, DJs Phil Horneman and Manne van der Zee organised their first WJS event. It took place at Aknathon, in Amsterdam.
Horneman had previously used the Wicked Jazz Sounds name for a show on the Amstelveen local radio station, starting in 1998.

### Club Zyon

Later in 2002, weekly clubnights began taking place at Club 020 (now Club Zyon). WJS organised a special event in March 2004 featuring electronic music by 4hero.

### Sugarfactory

In 2005, WJS moved to Sugarfactory. Their 10 year anniversary was celebrated in May 2012 with an event at Melkweg, which was broadcast live on NPO Radio 6. Earlier that year, the record label Wicked Jazz Sounds Recordings was created, starting with the debut album of Kris Berry.
The collective announced in December 2018 that their 14-year tennure at Sugarfactory would come to an end, due to uncertainty over the venue's future, moving their events across the street to Melkweg instead. The Sugarfactory venue filed for bankruptcy in January 2019.
# Used to Blue

"Used to Blue" is a song written by J. Fred Knobloch and Bill LaBounty, and recorded by American country music group Sawyer Brown. It was released in May 1985 as the third single from their self-titled debut album. It peaked at number 3 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and it became their second number-one hit on the Canadian RPM country singles chart.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1985) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 3 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1985) | Position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 33 |
# Paulo Pitta e Cunha

Paulo de Pitta e Cunha (27 February 1937 – 8 September 2022) was a Portuguese lawyer, professor, and politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he served in the Assembly of the Republic from 1976 to 1980.
Pitta died on 8 September 2022, at the age of 85.
# RAF Winkleigh

Royal Air Force Winkleigh, or more simply RAF Winkleigh, is a former Royal Air Force satellite station located near to Winkleigh, Devon and south of Barnstaple, Devon, England.
The following units were here at some point:
* A detachment No. 161 Squadron RAF (1943-44)
* A detachment of No. 286 Squadron RAF (1942-)
* No. 406 Squadron RCAF (1944)
* No. 415 Squadron RCAF (1943-44)
* Norwegian Training Base between December 1944 and November 1945
# Synapse.org

Synapse.org is an open source platform for collaborative scientific data analysis. It can store data, code, results, and descriptions research work. It is operated by nonprofit organization Sage Bionetworks.
The Synapse web portal is an online registry of research projects that allows data scientists to discover and share data, models, and analysis methods.
# Nocturnal (Amaral album)

Nocturnal is the seventh studio album by Spanish band Amaral. The songs were composed by Eva Amaral and Juan Aguirre, while the recording included the participation of Guillermo Quero as the sound and mixing engineer, Toni Toledo and Ged Lynch playing the drums, Chris Taylor on the bass and Tomás Virgos on the piano. Also, Nus Cuevas contributed an arrangement of strings, Abraham Boba played the organ for one of the songs, and John Calvert and David Antony Brinkworth, along with Eva and Juan themselves, undertook the synth programming. Eva Amaral and Juan Aguirre also took charge of the production, along with Chris Taylor.
It is the second album published under the label created by the duo, Discos Antártida. It went on sale on 30 October 2015 and includes 14 tracks. In the week of its release, it reached number one for bestselling albums in Spain and, on 18 December 2015, the album was recognised as a gold record after reaching 20,000 sales.

## Certifications

Certifications for Nocturnal :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | Gold | 20,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Prototroctes modestus

Prototroctes modestus is an extinct species of bony fish in the family Retropinnidae. It existed in what is now New Zealand in the early Miocene epoch. It was described by Werner Schwarzhans, R. Paul Scofield, Alan J. D. Tennyson, Jennifer P. Worthy and Trevor H. Worthy in 2012.
# USS Hyac

USS Hyac (SP-216) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918.
Hyac was built as a civilian motorboat of the same name in 1915 by the Weckler Boat Company at Chicago, Illinois. The U.S. Navy acquired her from her owner, W. M. Derby of Chicago, in 1917 for World War I service as a patrol vessel. She was commissioned as USS Hyac (SP-216) on 5 July 1917.
Based at Chicago and assigned to the "9th, 10th, and 11th Naval Districts"—at the time a single administrative entity made up of the 9th Naval District, 10th Naval District, and 11th Naval District -- Hyac served as a patrol boat on the Great Lakes between Chicago and Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, during World War I.
Following the end of the war, Hyac was returned to her owner on 26 November 1918.
# Ragnhild Aarflot Kalland

Ragnhild Aarflot Kalland (born 4 September 1960) is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.
She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Møre og Romsdal during the terms 2001–2005 and 2005–2009.
On the local level, she was mayor of Volda municipality from 2003 to 2011.
# Uttermost

Uttermost (foaled 1942 in Ontario) was a Canadian Thoroughbred racehorse who in 1945 won the three races that later formed the official Canadian Triple Crown series.
Bred and raced by liquor magnate Harry C. Hatch, Uttermost was trained by Cecil Howard and ridden by future Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame jockey Bobby Watson.
He was the top two-year-old in Canada and was the country's top horse in 1945 at age three.
# St. Francis de Sales' Church

St. Francis de Sales Church or Saint Francis de Sales Catholic Church may refer to:

## United States

* St. Francis de Sales, a church in the East Dade Deanery of Miami, Florida
* St. Francis de Sales Catholic Church (Mableton, Georgia)
* St. Francis de Sales Church (Keokuk, Iowa)
* St. Francis de Sales Catholic Church (Paducah, Kentucky)
* St. Francis de Sales Church (Norton Shores, Michigan)
* St. Francis de Sales Church (St. Louis, Missouri)
* St. Francis de Sales Roman Catholic Church (Buffalo, New York)
* St. Francis deSales Church (Geneva, New York), Catholic church
* St. Francis de Sales Catholic Church (Lexington, New York)
* St. Francis de Sales Roman Catholic Church (Manhattan, NYC)
* Saint Francis De Sales Catholic Church (Cincinnati, Ohio)
* St. Francis de Sales Chapel, a church in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo
* St. Francis de Sales Roman Catholic Church (Philadelphia), Pennsylvania
* St Francis de Sales Church, in the Queens Chapel neighborhood of Washington, D.C.

## Elsewhere

* St. Francis de Sales Roman Catholic Church (Ajax, Ontario), a Catholic church in Canada
* St Francis de Sales' Church, in Wash Common, Newbury, Berkshire, England
* St Francis de Sales, Hampton Hill and Upper Teddington, London, England
# West Park Secondary School

West Park Secondary School (WPSS, West Park), originally known as West Park Vocational School is a Toronto District School Board public high school facility that operated as a regular school from 1968 to 1988 by the Toronto Board of Education from grade 9 to 13. The school offered various vocational and academic courses in the spacious four-storey school building for inner city schools. The property remains under TDSB possession as of 2019 as a holding school.

## History

In 1985, Cathy McPherson, the coordinator of the PUSH Central Region, stated that West Park and five other schools were listed as having "excellent" access for disabled persons by the Toronto Board of Education continuing education program.
Decrease in enrollment had the Toronto Board of Education announced in 1986 that it planned to close the West Park facility by 1988. Irene Atkinson, the trustee of Ward 2, said in 1986 that it would likely be the first Toronto (Old Toronto) school closed due to declining enrollment. A task force recommended that the student body is transferred to Brockton High School. That year, the Toronto Star wrote that West Park students were expected to be transferred to Brockton. The Metropolitan Separate School Board (now the Toronto Catholic District School Board) offered to take over the campus and make it into a Roman Catholic separate school. The MSSB's Bishop Francis Marrocco Catholic High School on St. Clair/Dufferin area was over capacity, and the separate school board wanted additional space. There was a proposal stating that both public secular and public separate schools could share the same building.
On January 7, 1988, Ned McKeown, the director of the TBE, recommended that West Park be transferred to the MSSB. On March 7, 1988, the MSSB accepted taking the West Park facility. Sandro Contenta of the Toronto Star stated that the TBE was not willing to pay the funds to make the West Park building shareable between the two school boards. The transfer became effective July 1, 1988. Afterwards, the programs at West Park were dispersed at Bickford Park High School (12 classrooms), Brockton High School (3 shops), Castle Frank High School (special education), Central High School of Commerce (special education) and Western Technical-Commercial School (auto shop renovations).
It was reopened as Bishop Marrocco/Thomas Merton Catholic Secondary School in September 1988, which they were once called Bishop Francis Marrocco Catholic High School (opened in 1986) and St. Joseph Commercial School (founded by the Sisters of St. Joseph in 1880 and was renamed to Thomas Merton C.S.S. in 1985).
In 2017, Choice Properties REIT proposed to redevelop the property adjacent to the West Park site, although a replacement school is not ruled out.