OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Twelve Thousand

Twelve Thousand is a 1927 play by German playwright Bruno Frank, published originally under its German title, Zwölftausend. It is a suspenseful tale of the time of Frederick the Great. The premise revolves around the efforts of the British government in the 18th century to secure mercenaries from Germany to augment British troops in the war to put down the American Revolution. The play is one of Frank's lesser known works, but it has had some success in the theatre and also as a BBC television play in 1950.

## Plot

Wilhelm Pederit is private secretary to a German prince. Pederit has raised himself in status from the peasantry, wherein his two brothers still labor. His brothers have contempt for him for his "cushy" job and for his inattention to their farm and their poverty. Pederit takes dictation for an agreement between the prince and Faucitt, an emissary from the king of England, whereby the prince will sell twelve thousand of his male citizens to the British, who will use them as mercenaries in the fight the rebels attempting independence in America. Pederit learns that his two brothers are among those being conscripted, and while he feigns indifference, he actually hopes to find means to save them from their fate. Nothing seems possible until the Baroness of Spangenberg, the prince's mistress, approaches Pederit, requesting his help in getting the seemingly spoiled noblewoman an appointment with a hair stylist of high standing. As the prince has forbidden all but official communications with parts of Germany outside his principality, Pederit uses the Baroness's official seal, not to request the hairdresser, but to alert the king, Frederick the Great, to the prince's plan for providing mercenaries, knowing that Frederick, a more humane ruler, will stop his underling's plan. When an emissary of Frederick's shows up just in time to forestall the departure of the twelve thousand conscripts, the prince realizes that Pederit has tricked him. He condemns his secretary to death. But Frederick's emissary reveals that Frederick has put the whistle-blower under his protection. The fuming prince frees Pederit, and the three brothers, inspired by the emissary's reading out of the American Declaration of Independence, set out to sail to America, not as conscripted soldiers, but as free men looking for a free home.

## Production history

Twelve Thousand was produced (as 12,000) on Broadway in March 1928, at the Garrick Theatre under the direction of Basil Sydney, who starred as Pederit.
The play was produced at the Pasadena Community Playhouse's Playbox theatre in April 1938, with George Reeves as Pederit.
The British Broadcasting Corporation produced a television version of the play in June 1950, with Hugh Burden playing Pederit.
# Pott's fracture

Pott's fracture, also known as Pott's syndrome I and Dupuytren fracture, is an archaic term loosely applied to a variety of bimalleolar ankle fractures. The injury is caused by a combined abduction external rotation from an eversion force. This action strains the sturdy medial (deltoid) ligament of the ankle, often tearing off the medial malleolus due to its strong attachment. The talus then moves laterally, shearing off the lateral malleolus or, more commonly, breaking the fibula superior to the tibiofibular syndesmosis. If the tibia is carried anteriorly, the posterior margin of the distal end of the tibia is also sheared off by the talus. A fractured fibula in addition to detaching the medial malleolus will tear the tibiofibular syndesmosis. The combined fracture of the medial malleolus, lateral malleolus, and the posterior margin of the distal end of the tibia is known as a "trimalleolar fracture".
An example of Pott's fracture would be in a sports tackling injury. The player receives a blow to the outside of the ankle, causing the ankle to roll inwards (so that the sole of the foot faces laterally). This damages the ligaments on the inside of the ankle and fractures the fibula at the point of contact (usually just above the tibiofibular syndesmosis). A better way to visualize this is the two hands of a clock, with one hand facing 12 and the other facing 6. The vertical line they form represents the fibula of the person's right leg. The lateral force approaches from 3 o'clock, sending the lower hand snapping outwards to point at 5 o'clock.
Bimalleolar fractures are less likely to result in arthritis than trimalleolar fractures.

## History

English physician Percivall Pott experienced this injury in 1765 and described his clinical findings in a paper published in 1769.
The term "Dupuytren fracture" refers to the same mechanism, and it is named for Guillaume Dupuytren. Pott did not describe disruption of the tibio-fibular ligament, whereas Dupuytren did.
# Type 100

Type 100 can refer to:

## Weaponry

* Mitsubishi Ki-21, medium bomber, some 100 converted to Army Type 100 Transport Model 1
* Mitsubishi Ki-46, also known as the Army Type 100 Command Reconnaissance Aircraft
* Mitsubishi Ki-57, also known as the Army Type 100 Transport Model 1
* Mitsubishi Type 100 air-cooled diesel V-12 engine used in a number of Japanese tanks including the Type 1 Chi-He
* Mitsubishi Type 100 air-cooled six-cylinder diesel engine used in the Type 98 Ke-Ni light tank
* Nakajima Ki-49, a medium bomber also known as the Army Type 100 Heavy Bomber Model 1
* Type 100 incendiary bomb, a 50 kg bomb, one of many Japanese World War II army bombs
* Type 100 smoke bomb, a 50 kg bomb, one of many Japanese World War II army bombs
* Type 100 submachine gun, Japanese weapon
* Type 100 rifle, one of three TERA rifles used by paratroopers
* Type 100 machine gun, Japanese weapon
* Type 100 flamethrower, Japanese weapon
* Type 100 armor-piercing tracer round, fired by the Type 98 20 mm AA Machine Cannon
* Type 100 high-explosive tracer round, fired by the Type 98 20 mm AA Machine Cannon
* Type 100 37 mm gun used on the Type 98 Ke-Ni light tank

## Technology

* Type 100 tram as used in Adelaide, Australia, also known as Bombardier Flexity Classic
* Type 100 pack film, an instant film used in Land cameras

## Fictional

* Type 100, a fictional weapon from the Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam series, Hyaku Shiki
* Yuria Type 100, a sex robot, the main character of the manga series Yuria 100 Shiki
# Twickenham Bridge

51°27′38″N 0°18′52″W﻿ / ﻿51.46056°N 0.31444°W﻿ / 51.46056; -0.31444
Twickenham Bridge crosses the River Thames in southwest London, England. Built in 1933 as part of the newly constructed "Chertsey Arterial Road", the bridge connects the Old Deer Park district of Richmond (historically Surrey) on the south bank of the river to St. Margarets (historically Middlesex) on the north bank, both within the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Twickenham Bridge gets its name from the fact that it is on the road to the town of Twickenham (also in the same London borough), which is approximately 3 km upstream from Twickenham Bridge, past Richmond Bridge. Given the bridge's unique position on the river, St Margarets is actually at the southwestern end of the bridge, despite being on the north bank, while Richmond, south of the Thames, is at the northeastern end of the bridge.
The bridge forms part of today's A316 (Chertsey Road), which links Central and West London with the M3 motorway at Sunbury-on-Thames.
The bridge's architect was Maxwell Ayrton and the head engineer was Alfred Dryland. The proposed design of the bridge envisaged four 70 foot towers to be constructed on the riverbanks with retaining walls of 20 feet above road level. The plans were widely opposed and a local petition was organised by The Daily Telegraph against the design on the grounds that it was inappropriate to the setting in Richmond.
The final design of the bridge was of three reinforced-concrete arches supported on concrete piers with Art Deco embellishments. The bridge incorporates three permanent hinges enabling the structure to adjust to changes in temperature, the first reinforced concrete bridge structure in the UK to use such an innovation. The arch springings, as well as the arch crowns, have decorative bronze cover plates. Ribbed shuttering was used in the casting of the concrete piers and abutments, giving the main faces a ribbed finish that was then knocked back. The approach viaduct and retaining walls were constructed in precast blocks that were wire brushed to create a rough finish. The balustrades and lamps were constructed of open bronzework. The Bromsgrove Guild was employed in casting and fitting the bronze lamp standards and parapets as well as the railings on the four staircases between road level and the river bank
The bridge was opened on 3 July 1933 by Edward, Prince of Wales.
In 1992, the first Gatso speed camera in the United Kingdom was launched on Twickenham Bridge.
The bridge was declared a Grade II* listed structure in 2008, providing protection to preserve its special character from unsympathetic development.
# Postage stamps and postal history of the Caroline Islands

Early mail sent to and from the Caroline Islands was occasional and dependent on visiting ships.

## German control

The Spanish authorities issued no postage stamps or postmarks for the islands. Germany rapidly set up a postal system once awarded the islands; having received the Carolines on 1 June 1899 as part of the German–Spanish Treaty (1899), on 12 October German stamps overprinted "Karolinen" were issued. At first, the overprint was angled at 48 degrees, then a few months later the angle of the text was changed to 56 degrees. Few examples of these, at either angle, survive today, especially in cancelled condition.
By 1900, Yap and Ponape were stops on a regular mail run between German New Guinea and Hong Kong. Initially, the service was operated by the Reich Mail Steamer Lines, with the help of government subsidies, then in 1902 the Jaluit Company took over.
These stamps are the subject of a fictional discussion between Erwin Rommel and one of the other characters in the movie Raid on Rommel

## Yacht stamps

In January 1901, Germany issued its Yacht stamps with a common design for all of Germany's colonies, featuring the Kaiser's yacht Hohenzollern. The issues for the Carolines featured the inscription "KAROLINEN", all with mark and pfennig denominations. Many unused copies of the low values still exist today, left over after the Japanese occupation, but as one might expect from the short period of German rule and the very small numbers of letter-writers living in the Carolines, genuinely used stamps are uncommon, typically priced 5–20 times higher than unused.
In 1905 the stock of 5pf stamps was destroyed in a typhoon, and 10pf stamps were bisected. Another shortage in 1910 resulted in bisects of 20pf stamps, and 3pf stamps surcharged to 5pf.

## Japanese occupation

Japan occupied the islands in October 1914, after which Japanese stamps were used until the end of World War II. Germany printed Yacht stamps for the Carolines as late as 1919, on paper with lozenge watermarks, but none were ever used on mail.
The islands became part of the U.S. Trust Territory of the Pacific in 1944 and used U.S. stamps until 1983.
# Törmänen

Törmänen is a village in the municipality of Inari along Finnish national road 4, approximately 7 km south of Ivalo. At the end of 2005, 351 people lived in the village.
Road 9691, which leads to Ivalo Airport, branches off national road 4 at Törmänen.
# UEC European Track Championships – Women's points race

The Women's points race at the European Track Championships was first competed in 2011 in the Netherlands.
The Points race lasts for a distance of 25 kilometres (15.5 miles) – 100 laps – with sprints every 10 rounds to gain extra points, a lap ahead of the other riders results in 20 points. In the 2014 edition, held on an outsized (333 metre) concrete outdoor velodrome, the race lasted 24 kilometres in 72 laps, with sprints every sixth lap.

## Medalists

| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 2011 Apeldoorn details | Evgenia Romanyuta (RUS) | Katarzyna Pawłowska (POL) | Jarmila Machačová (CZE) |
| 2012 Panevėžys details | Stephanie Pohl (GER) | Evgenia Romanyuta (RUS) | Elke Gebhardt (GER) |
| 2013 Apeldoorn details | Kirsten Wild (NED) | Dani King (GBR) | Leire Olaberria (ESP) |
| 2014 Guadeloupe details | Eugenia Bujak (POL) | Kelly Druyts (BEL) | Elena Cecchini (ITA) |
| 2015 Grenchen details | Katarzyna Pawłowska (POL) | Élise Delzenne (FRA) | Stephanie Pohl (GER) |
| 2016 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines details | Kirsten Wild (NED) | Jolien D'Hoore (BEL) | Katarzyna Pawłowska (POL) |
| 2017 Berlin details | Trine Schmidt (DEN) | Gulnaz Badykova (RUS) | Tatsiana Sharakova (BLR) |
| 2018 Glasgow details | Maria Giulia Confalonieri (ITA) | Ina Savenka (BLR) | Gulnaz Badykova (RUS) |
| 2019 Apeldoorn details | Maria Giulia Confalonieri (ITA) | Tatsiana Sharakova (BLR) | Ganna Solovei (UKR) |
| 2020 Plovdiv details | Katie Archibald (GBR) | Silvia Zanardi (ITA) | Karolina Karasiewicz (POL) |
| 2021 Grenchen details | Gulnaz Khatuntseva (RUS) | Shari Bossuyt (BEL) | Lonneke Uneken (NED) |
| 2022 Munich details | Lotte Kopecky (BEL) | Silvia Zanardi (ITA) | Victoire Berteau (FRA) |
| 2023 Grenchen details | Anita Stenberg (NOR) | Shari Bossuyt (BEL) | Marie Le Net (FRA) |
| 2024 Apeldoorn details | Lotte Kopecky (BEL) | Anita Stenberg (NOR) | Jarmila Machačová (CZE) |
# Potamogeton richardsonii

Potamogeton richardsonii is a species of aquatic plant known by the common name Richardson's pondweed. It is native to much of northern North America, including all of Canada and the northern and western United States. It grows in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and streams. This perennial herb grows a narrow, mostly unbranched stem from a mat of rhizomes in the substrate. It reaches about a meter in maximum length. The leaves are up to 13 centimeters long and about 3 wide with crinkly pointed or rounded tips. The inflorescence is a spike of flowers arising from the water surface on a peduncle.
# Tyniec-Kolonia

Tyniec-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oksa, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.
# UQROP

The Union Québécoise de Réhabilitation des Oiseaux de Proie (Quebec's Birds of Prey Rehabilitation Union) is a non profit organization created in 1987. Its mission is to provide help for the conservation of both birds of prey and their natural environment. It has two divisions: the "Clinique des Oiseaux de Proie" (Birds of Prey Clinic) and an information office to publicize the plight of these endangered birds. It is located in Quebec, Canada.
The UQROP receives no government subsidies.
# Power Move Pro Wrestling

Power Move Pro Wrestling (NJPW 闘魂列伝 "Toukon Retsuden" or "Fighting Spirit Legend" in Japan) is a video game developed by Yuke's Co., Ltd. and published by Tomy for the PlayStation.

## Gameplay

Power Move Pro Wrestling is a professional wrestling game featuring 12 wrestlers. The original Japanese version of the game was originally a New Japan Pro-Wrestling licensed video game; due to the then-limited popularity of the promotion outside the country, an original roster of wrestlers was created for Power Move Pro Wrestling while retaining NJPW wrestler move sets.

## Reception

Next Generation reviewed the PlayStation version of the game, rating it four stars out of five, and wrote that "if there was a game that screamed for a WWF license and a US release, this is the one". The same magazine again reviewed the game and gave it three stars out of five, and wrote that "overall, the impact is somewhat less than what we'd hoped for from a U.S. port, but Power Move Wrestling is still a solid game and an enjoyable distraction".

## Reviews

* GamePro (Jan, 1997)
* GameSpot - Dec 01, 1996
* Game Revolution - Jan, 1997
* NowGamer - Dec 20, 1996
# Potrerillos, Mendoza

Potrerillos is a district of the Luján de Cuyo Department of the province of Mendoza, Argentina. It includes a number of small settlements along Provincial Routes 82 and 89, National Route 7, and the rivers Blanco and Mendoza. The center of Potrerillos is 63 km south from Mendoza City.
Potrerillos used to be a group of farms and agricultural facilities. It then became a residential area, as well as a rest area for temporary residents, and a tourist resort.
A large dam on the Mendoza River (Presa Embalse de Potrerillos) forms an artificial lake that measures 12 km in length and 3 km in maximum width. Uphill near its shore, there is a settlement of Villa Potrerillos, over 1,380 meters above mean sea level, where there is hiking (in the hills surrounding the area), rafting in the river, and paragliding.
Vallecitos, an old ski center, is located on Cordón del Plata.
# Prakash Khandge

Prakash Khandge is an Indian academic, researcher and writer based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. His specialisation is folk dances of Maharashtra. He is a member of the Sangeet Natak Akademi and he is the founder and head of Lok Kala Academy (Performing folk arts department) of the University of Mumbai. He was president of the 2011 Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Lok Kala Sammelan held at Karad. In 2019, he was a recipient of a Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for folk arts.

## Personal life

Khandge was born in Pimpalgaon a village in Ahmednagar district. His father and grandfather were kirtankars. He grew up in an atmosphere surrounded by traditional devotional practices such as the singing of kakad arti and abhang. He participated in the vari at age 9. When Khandge was in fourth standard, he relocated to Mumbai's working-class neighbourhood of Lalbaug, There he was exposed to folk performing art forms such as Balya dance, Gajnritya, Talwar dandpatte, Zimma phugdya and the like.

## Books

* Bhandar buka
* Nohe eklyacha khel - (autobiography)
* Khandoba che jagran based on his doctoral thesis "Jagran - Ek vidhinatya: itihas, vangmaya, prayog'".
* Chal mazya payat
# Pražské schody

Pražské schody (Prague Stairs) is a specific cycling race held every year since 1994 in capital city of Czech Republic, Prague. The race specificity is the fact that cyclists riding down stairs (190 stairs) in Prague Castle and then climb back of cobblestones to the top. They do this for 1 hour + last circle.
Many top cyclists took part in this popular race Miguel Martinez, Julien Absalon, Daniele Pontoni, Thomas Frischknecht, Jaroslav Kulhavý etc.

## Results

| year | winner | results |
| 1994 | Daniele Pontoni (ITA) | here |
| 1995 | Radovan Fořt (CZE) | here |
| 1996 | Mike Kluge (GER) | here |
| 1997 | Jan Kotal (CZE) | here |
| 1998 | Radim Kořínek (CZE) | here |
| 1999 | Radim Kořínek (CZE) | here |
| 2000 | Miguel Martinez (FRA) | here |
| 2001 | Miguel Martinez (FRA) | here |
| 2002 | Dario Acquaroli (ITA) | here |
| 2003 | Stanislav Hejduk (CZE) | here |
| 2004 | Miguel Martinez (FRA) | here |
| 2005 | José Antonio Hermida (ESP) | here |
| 2006 | Fredrik Kessiakoff (SWE) | here |
| 2007 | Fredrik Kessiakoff (SWE) | here |
| 2008 | Roel Paulissen (BEL) | here |
| 2009 | Zdeněk Štybar (CZE) | here |
| 2010 | Jaroslav Kulhavý (CZE) | here |
| 2011 | Burry Stander (RSA) | here |
| 2012 | José Antonio Hermida (ESP) | here |
| 2013 | Jan Škarnitzl (CZE) | here |
| 2014 | Fabian Giger (SUI) | here |
# USRC Dexter

USRC Dexter was the name of more than one ship of the United States Revenue Cutter Service, and may refer to:
* USRC Dexter (1830), a cutter in commission from 1830 to 1841
* USRC Dexter (1874), a cutter in commission from 1874 to 1908
# Prawęcin

Prawęcin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kunów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Kunów, 12 km (7 mi) west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and 45 km (28 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
# Praça Seca

Praça Seca is a neighborhood in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
* This Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Praça Roosevelt

23°32′55″S 46°38′48″W﻿ / ﻿23.5487°S 46.6466°W﻿ / -23.5487; -46.6466
Praça Roosevelt is a public square in São Paulo, Brazil. Construction of the square began in 1968 and was completed in 1970. After decades of decline, the square was renovated in 2011–12. A second renovation to expand the skate park on Praça Roosevelt was completed in November 2014.
Praça Roosevelt is located between Rua da Consolação and Rua Augusta at the beginning of the Minhocão elevated highway in downtown São Paulo.
# USS Hoyt

USS Hoyt was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy for various tasks, including those of a torpedo boat.
Hoyt, a former merchant tug Luke Hoyt, built at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1863, was acquired 1 July 1864.

## Fitting out as a torpedo boat

Hoyt and steam tugs USS Belle and USS Martin, fitted with spar torpedoes, were dispatched by Rear Admiral Samuel Phillips Lee to join Union Naval Forces in the rivers and sounds of North Carolina. These torpedo boats were intended as counter-weapons against much-feared Confederate rams rumored to be building up the Roanoke River. Admiral Lee described their armament :
   This form of torpedo is intended to explode on impact, and to be placed on a pole or rod projecting not less than 15 feet, and if possible 20 feet, beyond the vessel using it. It contains 150 pounds of powder.

## North Carolina operations

Hoyt took station at New Berne, North Carolina, waiting for combat opportunity that never came.

## Post-war decommissioning and sale

She steamed north late in May 1865, and was sold 10 August 1865 at Philadelphia.

## Notes on torpedo warfare during the American Civil War

Hoyt was a part of the small beginning of a most serious weapon in the 20th century. The Confederacy had first pointed the way to moderate success of torpedo warfare in the Civil War when a similarly armed "David" damaged the USS New Ironsides. Union blockaders were much alarmed in February 1864 when the hand-powered submarine H. L. Hunley, armed with a spar torpedo, sank the steam sloop-of-war USS Housatonic. The importance of torpedo warfare was further underscored the night of 27–28 October 1864, when Lieutenant Cushing and a crew of 14 sank the ironclad ram CSS Albemarle with an improvised torpedo boat. These pioneers cast a shadow far ahead toward the enormous underseas combat capabilities of the 20th century.