OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Veprecula

Veprecula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

(Original description) This genus has been created by Melvill in 1917 for a series of deep-water species of Clathurella with several peculiarities.
The small, thin, delicate shell has a pale brown or white, fusiform spire, either very attenuate, or pagodiform, or broader, and ventricose, always much suturally impressed. The shell contains 10-12 whorls with 4-5 whorlsin the protoconch. The first of these is smooth, the second to the fourth or fifth are very finely longitudinally radially costulate. The remainder are either few or closely ribbed, crossed by frequent or more distant lirations, acutely echinate at the points of junction, interstices appearing deeply seated, almost smooth, quadrate or oblong. The aperture is oblong. The outer lip is thin. The sinus is deep and wide, situated immediately below the suture. The siphonal canal is produced and fusiform.

## Species

Species within the genus Veprecula include:
* Veprecula arethusa (Dall, 1918)
* Veprecula bandensis Sysoev, 1997
* Veprecula brunonia (Dall, 1924)
* Veprecula cooperi Mestayer, 1919
* Veprecula crystallina Stahlschmidt, Chino & Kilburn, 2012
* Veprecula echinulata (Thiele, 1925)
* Veprecula gracilispira (Smith E. A., 1879)
* Veprecula hedleyi (Melvill, 1904)
* Veprecula pungens (Gould, 1860)
* Veprecula scala Hedley, 1922
* Veprecula sculpta (Hinds, 1843)
* Veprecula spanionema (Melvill, 1917)
* Veprecula sykesii (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Veprecula tornipila McLean & Poorman, 1971
* Veprecula vacillata Hedley, 1922
* Veprecula vepratica (Hedley, 1903)

### Species brought into synonymy

* Veprecula menecharmes Melvill, 1923: synonym of Tritonoturris menecharmes (Melvill, 1923)
* Veprecula morra (Dall, 1881): synonym of Rimosodaphnella morra (Dall, 1881)
* Veprecula polyacantha Stahlschmidt, Chino & Kilburn, 2012: synonym of Famelica polyacantha (Stahlschmidt, Chino & Kilburn, 2012) (original combination)
* Veprecula reticulosa Smith, 1882: synonym of Veprecula arethusa (Dall, 1918)
* Veprecula togetoges Nomura & Niino, 1940: synonym of Veprecula arethusa (Dall, 1918)
# Planning and Compensation Act 1991

The Planning and Compensation Act 1991 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom to amend the law relating to town and country planning.
It was intended to extend the powers to acquire by agreement land which may be affected by carrying out public works, to amend the law relating to compulsory acquisition of land and to compensation where persons are displaced from land or the value of land or its enjoyment may be affected by public works, to provide, in the case of compensation payable in respect of things done in the exercise of statutory powers, for advance payments and payments in interest, and to repeal Part X of the Highways Act 1980.

## Background

The Act was intended to implement recommendations derived from a report by Mr Robert Carnwath QC for HMSO and proposals from a consultation which was published by the Department of the Environment in July 1989.

## Planning provisions

This Act created two new procedures for a local planning authority to enforce breaches of planning permission in sections 1 and 2. A planning contravention notice is used if the authority suspects that there has been a breach but it either wishes to discuss the potential breach with the owner or occupier or does not have enough evidence to proceed. It can require information about the operations and uses of the property as related to the planning conditions. If the owner gives false information or fails to comply within 21 days, a criminal offence is committed.
A breach of condition notice provides a remedy for breaches of condition without impeding the power of the authority to issue an enforcement notice or an injunction. The property owner cannot appeal this notice and can face criminal charges for non-compliance.
The new power in section 3 to apply to the High Court or County Court for an injunction in the case of a breach of planning control extends the power in section 222 of the Local Government Act 1972.

## Compensation provisions

Section 31 of the Act repealed the Unexpended Balance of Development Value Rules.
# Pleurotus cystidiosus

Pleurotus cystidiosus, also known as abalone mushroom and maple oyster mushroom, is an edible species of fungus in the family Pleurotaceae, described as new to science by mycologist Orson K. Miller Jr. in 1969. It can be cultivated, with spores and growing kits being available commercially. Antromycopsis macrocarpa (or A. broussonetiae) is the anamorphic form of this species.
# Vega de Espinareda

Vega de Espinareda (A Veiga de Espiñareda in Galician language) is a village and municipality located in the region of El Bierzo (province of León, Castile and León, Spain) . According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 2,705 inhabitants.
It is one of Galician speaking councils of Castilla y León
# Snapper (EP)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork | 7.5/10 |
Snapper is an EP by New Zealand indie rock group Snapper, released in 1988 through Flying Nun Records.

## Critical reception

In its review of the 2013 Record Store Day re-release, Pitchfork wrote that "each track hums to the sound of a familiar organ drone and a wash of distorted guitar, all tied into a precision-tooled drive that mirrors Klaus Dinger's motorik drumming in Neu!"

## Track listing

* "Buddy" – 3:40
* "Cause of You" – 3:43
* "Death and Weirdness in the Surfing Zone" – 2:44
* "Hang On" – 5:26

## Personnel
### Snapper

* Alan Haig – drums
* Dominic Stones – guitar, vocals
* Christine Voice – keyboards, vocals, guitar
* Peter Gutteridge – vocals, guitar, keyboards

## Charts

| Chart (1988) | Peak position |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 49 |
# Twin Lakes

Twin Lake or Twin Lakes may refer to:

## Places
### Canada

* Twin Lake (Alberta)
* Twin Lakes (Nova Scotia)
* Twin Lakes (Temagami), Ontario
* Twin Lakes (Yukon)

### Indonesia

* Twin Lakes (Lake Diatas and Lake Dibawah), aka Danau Kembar, West Sumatra

### United Kingdom

* Twinlakes Theme Park, in Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire

### United States
#### Communities

* Twin Lake, Michigan
* Twin Lake Township, Benson County, North Dakota
* Twin Lake Township, Hancock County, Iowa
* Twin Lakes, California, Santa Cruz County
* Twin Lakes, Mono County, California
* Twin Lakes, Adams County, Colorado
* Twin Lakes, Lake County, Colorado
* Twin Lakes (Fort Lauderdale), Florida
* Twin Lakes, Georgia
* Twin Lakes, Indiana
* Twin Lakes, Iowa
* Twin Lakes, Kentucky
* Twin Lakes, Freeborn County, Minnesota
* Twin Lakes, Mahnomen County, Minnesota
* Twin Lakes, Ohio
* Twin Lakes, Oklahoma
* Twin Lakes, Wisconsin
* Twin Lakes Township (disambiguation)

#### Lakes

* Twin Lakes (Alaska)
* Twin Lakes (Bridgeport, California)
* Twin Lakes (El Dorado County, California)
* Twin Lakes (Mammoth Lakes, California)
* Twin Lakes (Colorado)
* Twin Lakes (Connecticut)
* Twin Lakes (Lake Wales, Florida)
* Twin Lakes (Idaho)
* Twin Lakes (Glacier National Park) in Glacier County, Montana
* Twin Lakes (Black Creek Lake, Herkimer County, New York)
* Twin Lakes (Portage County, Wisconsin)
* Twin Lakes (Baker County, Oregon)

## Schools

* Palm Beach Lakes Community High School, formerly Twin Lakes High School, in West Palm Beach, Florida

## Companies

* Twin Lakes Brewing Company
* Twin Lakes, an ISP located in Tennessee
# Red Eye Township, Wadena County, Minnesota

Red Eye Township is a township in Wadena County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 421 at the 2000 census.
Red Eye Township was named after the Redeye River.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.1 square miles (91.0 km$^2$); 35.1 square miles (90.8 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.2 km$^2$) of it (0.17%) is water. The Redeye River flows through the southwestern part of the township.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 421 people, 146 households, and 122 families residing in the township. The population density was 12.0 people per square mile (4.6/km$^2$). There were 172 housing units at an average density of 4.9/sq mi (1.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.29% White and 0.71% Asian.
There were 146 households, out of which 39.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.9% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.8% were non-families. 13.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the township the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.3 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $40,481. Males had a median income of $27,171 versus $23,333 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,184. About 4.9% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.1% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over.
# Phanerota

Phanerota is a genus of rove beetles in the family Staphylinidae. There are about five described species in Phanerota.

## Species

These five species belong to the genus Phanerota:
* Phanerota brunnessa Ashe, 1986
* Phanerota carinata Seevers, 1951
* Phanerota cubensis Casey, 1906
* Phanerota dissimilis (Erichson, 1839)
* Phanerota fasciata (Say, 1834)
# Phanerostylis

Phanerostylis is a genus of Mexican plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.

## Species

* Phanerostylis coahuilensis (A.Gray) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Chihuahua, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas
* Phanerostylis glutinosa (Brandegee) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Oaxaca, Puebla
* Phanerostylis hintoniorum (B.L.Turner) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Coahuila, Nuevo León
* Phanerostylis nesomii (B.L.Turner) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
* Phanerostylis pedunculosa (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Guanajuato, Aguascalientes, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas
# Still Standing (Exile album)

Still Standing is the eleventh studio album by American country pop group Exile. It was released on February 14, 1990, via Arista Records. The album includes the singles "Keep It in the Middle of the Road", "Nobody's Talking" "Yet" and "There You Go".

## Chart performance

| Chart (1990) | Peak position |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 42 |
# Phasca

Phasca is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

## Species

* Phasca bicunea Hardy, 1986
* Phasca connexa Hardy, 1986
* Phasca maculifacies Hardy, 1986
* Phasca ortalioides Walker, 1865
* Phasca sedlaceki Hardy, 1986
* Phasca trifasciata Hardy, 1986
# Petrus Johannes Schotel

Petrus Johannes Schotel (11 November 1808 – 23 July 1865) was a 19th-century marine painter from the Netherlands.

## Biography

Schotel was born in Dordrecht. According to the RKD he was the son of Johannes Christiaan Schotel, in whose style he followed. He worked for several years as a drawing teacher at the marine school in Medemblik. He married and his daughter Petronella Elisabeth Schotel became a painter who followed his sister Christina Petronella Schotel, a still life and flower painter. He died, aged 56, in Dresden, Germany.
The Schotel Family passed down their artistic talents throughout the generations. The smallest detail such as the signatures on artwork were formatted the same. Schotel signed his artwork with P.J Schotel as did his offspring.
Schotel had produced hundreds of various designs over his lifetime and to-date his work is being sold in auction houses internationally, specifically the Netherlands, Denmark and New York.
# Petrus Johannes Idenburg

Petrus Johannes Idenburg (28 January 1898, Hillegersberg, Netherlands – 27 December 1989, The Hague) was a jurist specialized in constitutional law, lector at Leiden University, and researcher on Africa.
He graduated in law in 1920 from the University of Amsterdam and continued his studies at the London School of Economics. Back in the Netherlands he became a secretary of the Mayor of Amsterdam in 1922 and secretary of (the board of the Curators of) the University of Amsterdam and later of the University of Leiden.
Idenburg was a board member of various Dutch-South African associations.
The idea of establishing a Dutch-Afrikaans law journal that would in 1936 become the Tydskrif vir Hedendaagse Romeins-Hollandse Reg (Journal of Contemporary Roman-Dutch Law) was borne with Idenburg in 1933, when he proposed the idea to the newly-established Afrikaans law faculty at the University of Pretoria and later Stellenbosch University, in South Africa. Idenburg became a member of the journal's editorial board, along with professors Eduard Meijers, Julius Christiaan van Oven, LJ van Apeldoorn, J Donner, and the advocate FJ de Jong, who was the secretary of the board.
Due to his refusal to cooperate with the German occupation authorities to dismiss non-Arian university teachers, he resigned as a secretary of the Curators of Leiden University in June 1942. He was restored in 1945.
In 1947, he founded the Afrika-Studiecentrum, Leiden, which he led as a director from 1947 to 1963. From 1947 he taught African studies at Leiden University. From 1963 to 1968 he was a special lector for Constitutional Law of Africa.
He was a member of the Advisory Council for Development Cooperation for many years.
Peter Johannes was an elder brother of the statistician and director of Statistics Netherlands Prof. Dr. Philip Idenburg.
Idenburg's archives are kept by the Afrika-Studiecentrum in Leiden, while archives and photo albums from his many visits to Africa are kept by Museum Volkenkunde, also in Leiden.

## Selected works

* P.J. Idenburg: 'Political structural development in tropical Africa'. In: Orbis, a quarterly journal of world affairs, 1967, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 256-270
* P.J. Idenburg: The Cape of Good Hope at the turn of the eighteenth century. Leiden, Universitaire Pers, 1963.
* P.J. Idenburg: Ethnic and cultural pluralism in intertropical communities. Social aspect. Bruxelles, Imprimerie PUVREZ, 1957
* (in Dutch) Herinneringen van mr. P.J. Idenburg, [Den Haag], [1987]
# Steve Roper

Steve Roper is a noted climber and historian of the Sierra Nevada in the United States. He along with Allen Steck are the founding editors of the Sierra Club journal Ascent.
Roper is the winner of the Sierra Club's Francis P. Farquhar Mountaineering Award for 1983. He is also, with Allen Steck, the recipient of the American Alpine Club's Literary Award (1995).

## Publications

* "A Climber's Guide to Yosemite Valley" (1964) LCC # 63-21911
* A Climber's Guide to Pinnacles National Monument (1966), ISBN 0-934641-89-7
* "Climber's Guide to Yosemite Valley" (1971), ISBN 0-87156-048-8
* The Climber's Guide to the High Sierra, (1976), ISBN 0-87156-147-6
* Fifty Classic Climbs of North America, (1979), ISBN 0-87156-292-8
* "Timberline Country: The Sierra High Route" (1982) ISBN 0-87156-298-7
* Sierra High Route: Traversing Timberline Country (1997), ISBN 0-89886-506-9
* Roper, Steve (2004) [1994]. Camp 4: Recollections of a Yosemite Rockclimber. Seattle, WA, USA: The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 0-89886-587-5.

## Publications as editor

* Roper, Steve; Allen Steck, eds. (1989). Ascent, Volume V. San Francisco, CA, USA: Sierra Club Books. ISBN 0-87156-701-6.
* Roper, Steve (2003). Ordeal by Piton - Writings from the Golden Age of Yosemite Climbing. Stanford, CA, USA: Stanford University Libraries. ISBN 0-911221-26-3.

## Notable ascents

* 1959 North Face of Middle Cathedral Rock, Yosemite Valley, CA (VI 5.9 A4), with Bob Kamps and Chuck Pratt.
* 1963, first free ascent of the Kor-Ingalls Route on Castleton Tower near Moab, Utah, with Chuck Pratt.
* 1963 West Buttress, El Capitan, Yosemite Valley, California. (VI 5.10 A3+) FA with Layton Kor.
* 1963 Third ascent of the El Cap Nose, with Glen Denny and Layton Kor.
* 1966 First one-day ascent of the NW face of Half Dome, with Jeff Foott.
* 1966 Third ascent of the Salathe Wall on El Cap, with Dick Long and Allen Steck.
# Pettonville

Pettonville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
# Pettorano sul Gizio

Pettorano sul Gizio is a comune and town in the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of central-southern Italy. The Gizio river flows in the communal territory. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

## Notable people

Frederick of Pettorano Baron Michele Leone (1909-1988) - professional wrestler
# Pettori

Pettori is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Cascina, province of Pisa.
Pettori is about 8 km from Pisa and 10 km from Cascina.
# Pettry Bottom, West Virginia

Pettry Bottom is an unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States.
# Petite rivière Bédard

The petite rivière Bédard is a tributary of the Bédard River, flowing in the municipalities of Larouche (MRC of Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality) and Hébertville-Station (MRC of Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality), in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The petite rivière Bédard valley is served by chemin du rang Saint-Pierre, chemin du petit rang Saint-Pierre and chemin du rang Saint-Charles, for its two main industries, forestry and agriculture.
The surface of the river is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, though not safe for travel in the first and last two weeks.

## Geography

The main watersheds neighboring the petite rivière Bédard are:
* North side: Bédard River, Raquette River, la Petite Décharge (La Grosse Décharge), Saguenay River;
* Nast side: Bédard River, Cascouia River, Cascouia bay, Kenogami Lake, rivière aux Sables River, Chicoutimi River;
* South side: La Belle Rivière (Lac Saint-Jean), Rivière des Aulnaies, Vert Lake;
* West side: Couchepaganiche East River, La Belle Rivière (Lac Saint-Jean), Rivière des Aulnaies, lac Saint-Jean.
The Petite rivière Bédard rises at an unidentified small lake (length: 0.3 km (0.19 mi); altitude: 181 m (594 ft)) in the municipality of Larouche. This source is located at:
* 4.2 km (2.6 mi) west of Cascouia Bay (integrated into Kenogami Lake);
* 5.7 km (3.5 mi) southeast of the confluence of the Petite Bédard and Bédard rivers;
* 6.6 km (4.1 mi) south of the Canadian National railway;
* 7.0 km (4.3 mi) south of route 170;
* 7.7 km (4.8 mi) southwest of the center of the village of Larouche;
* 15.2 km (9.4 mi) south of the Saguenay River.
From its source (small unidentified lake), the Petite rivière Bédard flows over 7.9 km (4.9 mi) with a drop of 21 km (13 mi) generally in the forest zone in the upper part and in agriculture for the lower part, according to the following segments:
* 2.3 km (1.4 mi) toward the northwest by forming a curve toward the south, up to a stream (coming from the north);
* 2.8 km (1.7 mi) westward, up to a curve of the river;
* 2.8 km (1.7 mi) northwest, to the mouth of the river.
The course of the Petite Bédard River flows onto the south bank of the Bédard River, in agricultural area. This confluence is located at:
* 1.2 km (0.75 mi) southeast of the Canadian National railway;
* 1.6 km (0.99 mi) east of the village center of Hébertville-Station;
* 9.2 km (5.7 mi) west of Cascouia Bay of Kenogami Lake;
* 12.1 km (7.5 mi) southeast of downtown Alma;
* 16.0 km (9.9 mi) southeast of Isle-Maligne dam;
* 16.6 km (10.3 mi) southeast of the confluence of Lac Saint-Jean and the Saguenay River (ie at the entrance to La Petite Décharge).
From the mouth of petite rivière Bédard, the current follows the course of the Saguenay River for 139 km (86 mi) east to Tadoussac where it merges with the Saint Lawrence estuary.

## Toponymy

The toponym “petite rivière Bédard” was formalized on August 28, 1980, at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
# Petite rivière Batiscan

The Petite rivière Batiscan is a tributary of the east bank of the rivière à Pierre, flowing in the unorganized territories of Linton (township of Tonty), in Saint-Raymond (township of Roquemont) and in the municipality of Rivière-à-Pierre (township of Bois), in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The course of the Little Batiscan River flows on the northeast side of the Batiscan River and on the northeast side of the St. Lawrence River. This river is part of the hydrographic side of the Batiscan river which generally winds south to the north shore of the St. Lawrence River.
The course of the “Little Batiscan River” descends entirely into the forest zone. The river surface is generally frozen from mid-December until the end of March.
Since the mid-19th century, forestry has been the predominant activity of the Little Batiscan River watershed.

## Geography

The Little Batiscan River has its source in a forest area, at the mouth of Lac à Pierre (length: 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi); altitude: 464 metres (1,522 ft)). The mouth of this lake is located 30.6 kilometres (19.0 mi) to the northwest of the center of the village of Saint-Raymond, 26.7 kilometres (16.6 mi) to the northeast of the confluence of the rivière à Pierre and 51.3 kilometres (31.9 mi) north of the north bank of the Saint Lawrence river, at the height of Portneuf. From its source, the “Little Batiscan River” flows over 13.7 kilometres (8.5 mi), according to the following segments:
* 4.6 kilometres (2.9 mi) south-west to the north shore of Petit lac Batiscan;
* 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) towards the Southwest crossing the western part of Little Batiscan Lake (length: 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi); altitude: 406 metres (1,332 ft)), to the mouth located to the south;
* 0.3 kilometres (0.19 mi) south-west to the limit of the Portneuf Wildlife Reserve;
* 2.1 kilometres (1.3 mi) to the Southwest, crossing Lake Parke (length: 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi); altitude: 306 metres (1,004 ft)) over its full length up to its mouth which corresponds to the limit of the canton of Roquemont;
* 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) Southwest in the Roquemont canton of Saint-Raymond, then in Rivière-à-Pierre, crossing Lac du Coin (length: 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi); altitude: 359 metres (1,178 ft)) over its full length, to its mouth;
* 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) south-west, to the confluence of the river.
The Little Batiscan River flows onto the east bank of the Batiscan River in the municipality of Rivière-à-Pierre, in the Portneuf Wildlife Reserve.
The confluence of the "Little Batiscan River" is located at:
* 10.4 kilometres (6.5 mi) North-East of the center of the village of Rivière-à-Pierre;
* 16.6 kilometres (10.3 mi) North-East of the confluence of the rivière à Pierre;
* 25.3 kilometres (15.7 mi) North-West of the center of the village of Saint-Raymond;
* 45.3 kilometres (28.1 mi) north of the north shore of the St. Lawrence River.

## Toponymy

The toponym "Petite rivière Batiscan" was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
# Peziza micropus

Peziza micropus is a species of apothecial fungus belonging to the family Pezizaceae. This European fungus is found on rotting wood, especially beech and elm and tends to thrive in the aftermath of outbreaks of Dutch elm disease. The ascocarps are irregular pale brown saucers up to 5 cm (2.0 in) in diameter, appearing from summer to autumn.