OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sudanese Workers' Trade Union Federation

The Sudanese Workers' Trade Union Federation (SWTUF) is the sole national trade union center in the Sudan.
The current SWTUF is a government sponsored trade union federation that was re-organized in 1992 from the original SWTUF which, along with all other trade unions, was dissolved by Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir when he seized power in 1989.
ICTUR reports that the leaders of the dissolved SWTUF were allowed to keep their personal freedom (a concession not afforded to all Sudanese labour unionists) but were restricted from continued activity.

## History

In 1949 the Sudan Railways workers' association helped start the national Workers' Congress, which in 1950 became the SWTUF. The SWTUF was closely associated with the Sudan Communist Party (SCP), and its actions were strongly political. It failed to receive government recognition. After national independence, the federation had frequent confrontations with the new government, including a successful general strike in October 1958. That strike was one of the factors that contributed to the military takeover of the government the following month.
The SWTUF controlled roughly 70 percent of all labor-union membership by the 1958 coup. The new military government repealed the 1948 ordinance, dissolved all unions, and detained many of the federation's leaders.
Upon restoration of the civilian government in 1964, the SWTUF reemerged, and union membership increased rapidly.
SWTUF leadership remained in communist hands. After the abortive communist coup in mid-1971, the government dissolved the SWTUF and executed a number of its leaders.
In the early 1970s, the SWTUF was reinstituted. Prior to 1989, the SWTUF, in its weakened state, included 42 trade unions, representing more than 1.7 million workers in the public and private sectors.
Following the 1989 coup, the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation temporarily suspended the right to organize and bargain collectively and prescribed punishments, including the death penalty, for violations of its labor decrees. Many union leaders were arrested. Prior to the 1989 coup, leaders of the SWTUF formed a union in exile, the Legitimate Sudan Workers Trade Union Federation, which carried on secret trade union activities in Sudan.
The 1998 constitution provided the right of association for trade-union purposes, but as of 2011 the government continued to restrict this right. Only the government-controlled SWTUF, the leading blue-collar labor organization with about 800,000 members, functioned legally.
# Sugar Pine, California

Sugar Pine is an unincorporated community in Madera County, California. It is located 5 miles (8 km) north of Yosemite Forks, at an elevation of 4236 feet (1291 m). It is located 1 mile east of California State Route 41, between Oakhurst, California and the South Entrance of Yosemite National Park.
Sugar Pine was built by the Madera Sugar Pine Company in 1899 to 1900. The company which had an extensive logging operation in the area between the 1890s and 1931. The mill pond and some service buildings are all that remain of the mill. The company housing units, over the years updated, are still in use today as residences and vacation homes.
A post office operated at Sugar Pine from 1907 to 1934.

## Notable People

* Charles Clifford Corlieu

## Gallery

* The first mill at Sugar Pine around 1920.
* A "full deck" in the log pond ready to be cut.
* The Madera Sugar Pine company expanded the Sugar Pine Mill complex after a catastrophic fire in 1922.
* Several flume sections leave the mill to converge into one v-shaped trough for the 54-mile run to Madera, California.
# Sunderbach

Sunderbach may refer to:
* Sunderbach (Trüggelbach), a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, tributary of the Trüggelbach
* Sunderbach (Else), a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, tributary of that Else which is a tributary of the Werre
# The Shotgun Boogie

"The Shotgun Boogie" is a 1950 song by Tennessee Ernie Ford. "The Shotgun Boogie" was Tennessee Ernie Ford's most successful release on the Country & Western charts, staying on the charts for a total of twenty-five weeks, and at number one for fourteen weeks. Ford, a hunter himself, wrote the song. Jazz bandleader Cab Calloway covered the song.
# Slobodishche

Slobodishche may refer to:
* Slobodishche, Bryansk Oblast, a village (selo) in Bryansk Oblast, Russia
* Slobodishche, Moscow Oblast, a village in Moscow Oblast, Russia
* Slobodishche, Tver Oblast, a village in Tver Oblast, Russia
# Twilight, Ohio County, West Virginia

Twilight is an unincorporated community along Middle Wheeling Creek in Ohio County, West Virginia, United States. Twilight is located on Middle Creek Road, County Route 39, 2.2 miles (3.5 km) east-southeast of Triadelphia.
A post office was located at Twilight from 1894 to 1902, when it was discontinued, and the mail redirected to Triadelphia. A 1902 USGS topographical survey map shows about ten houses or other buildings at Twilight; there were about sixteen in 1997.
# Steve White-Cooper

Steve White-Cooper (born 15 July 1974) is a former rugby union international who represented Harlequins FC and England.

## Early life

Steve White-Cooper was born on 15 July 1974 in Cape Town, South Africa. He moved to the United Kingdom at the age of eight, attending Canford School in Dorset.

## Rugby union career

White-Cooper joined Harlequins straight from school, turning professional on completing his university degree. He enjoyed five seasons of Premiership rugby with Harlequins F.C, which included winning the 2001 European Parker Pen Shield beating RC Narbonne 42-33 and making the final of Tetley Bitter Cup Final 2001 with a last-minute defeat against Newcastle Falcons 27-30.
White-Cooper made his England A debut versus Wales A on 3 February 2001 at the Racecourse Ground, Wrexham in a 19-19 draw. He made his full international debut on 9 June 2001 at Sports Complex, Burnaby Lake in the Canada vs England match. Of the two matches he played for his national side he was on the winning side on both occasions. He played his final match for England on 16 June 2001 at Boxer Stadium, San Francisco in the United States of America vs England match.
White-Cooper competed for the England Sevens team at the 2002 London Sevens.

## Post-rugby life

After retiring from professional rugby in 2002, White-Cooper worked for an Executive Search firm specialising in the Financial Services. Following this, he founded add-victor in 2012, a corporate recruitment agency.
# Pittsburgh Wine Festival

The Pittsburgh Wine Festival is an annual festival celebrating wine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The festival is sponsored by the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board, which maintains an on-site wine shop. The Pittsburgh festival follows a similar one in Philadelphia.
The first event was held in 2003, amid some questioning whether a "beer city" like Pittsburgh could sustain a wine festival. It is now well established, however, and the festival receives generally positive reviews from wine critics. In fact, tickets usually sell out. It was named to the Top 10 list of wine events in the United States by the Quarterly Review of Wines. Its success inspired the Pittsburgh Whiskey & Fine Spirits Festival.
Proceeds from the festival benefit charity. By the fourth year, in 2007, the festival had raised over $400,000 for charity. By 2009, that figure had grown to $6 million, with large portions going to Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh Cancer Institute.
# Ó Lorcáin

Ó Lorcáin (Larkin) was the surname of an Irish brehon family.
Natives of Síol Anmchadha in what is now south-east County Galway, members of the family were ollamhs to the Ó Madadhan. At least one member of the family became a clerk for the Tribes of Galway by c. 1500.
# Spačva

Spačva can refer to:
* Spačva basin, a small geographical region in eastern Croatia
* Spačva (river), a river in the same region of Croatia, affluent of Bosut
# Würde

Würde is a river of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It flows into the Salza near Zappendorf.
# Xinjia Qiao station

Xinjia Qiao Station (Chinese: 新家桥站) is a station of Line 2, Suzhou Rail Transit. The station is located in Wuzhong District of Suzhou. It started service on December 28, 2013, the same time of the operation of Line 2.
# Xinja

Xinja is an Australian fintech company and former bank. Xinja was granted a full banking license by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority in 2019. Xinja Bank was the second Australian neobank to be made an authorised deposit-taking institution. The company exited banking in December 2020 and returned to business in fintech.

## History

Xinja was founded in 2017 by CEO Eric Wilson. The business began in fintech, offering products like prepaid cards and a money management app. In 2018, Xinja raised money via crowdfunding to develop its neobanking facilities. On 9 September 2019, Xinja was granted a banking licence by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. On 15 January 2020, Xinja Bank launched transaction and savings accounts using the BSB 775-775. In March 2020, the Dubai-based World Investments agreed to make a A$433,000,000 investment in Xinja Bank. Complications caused by the COVID-19 pandemic ultimately obstructed the Emirati investment and undermined Xinja Bank. In December 2020, Xinja announced that it would return its banking licence and return all deposits, ceasing to operate as a bank in Australia, though continuing its fintech business.
# Xenarchus (moth)

Xenarchus is a genus of moths of the family Aididae.

## Species

* Xenarchus admirabilis
* Xenarchus carmen
# Xinqiao, Zhangping

Xinqiao (simplified Chinese: 新桥; traditional Chinese: 新橋; pinyin: Xīnqiáo; lit. 'new bridge') is a town under the administration of Zhangping City in mountainous southwestern Fujian province, China, located 35 kilometres (22 mi) north-northeast of downtown Zhangping. As of 2011, it has 2 residential communities (社区) and 23 villages under its administration.
# Xinqiao, Guangdong

Xinqiao (simplified Chinese: 新桥; traditional Chinese: 新橋; pinyin: Xīnqiáo; Jyutping: san$^1$kiu$^4$; lit. 'new bridge') is a town under the administration of Gaoyao City in western Guangdong province, China, located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south-southwest of downtown Zhaoqing. As of 2011, it has one residential community (社区) and 12 villages under its administration.
# XYZ (computer)

XYZ was the first Universal Digital Machine from the family of early computers built and launched in Poland in 1958. It was ahead of EMAL2 [pl] by a few months, while the earlier EMAL [pl] was not fully launched.

## Construction

XYZ computer was built and launched in Warsaw at ul. Śniadeckich 8, at the premises of the Bureau of Calculations and Programs of the Mathematical Apparatus Department of the Polish Academy of Sciences (later the Institute of Mathematical Machines). The team was led by professor Leon Łukaszewicz [pl].
XYZ was a laboratory model of a utility machine; the ZAM-2 [pl] series was created on the basis of this computer.
The logical organization was modeled on the simplified IBM 701, but the electronics were based on the dynamic flip-flops of the M-20 machine, requiring twice as few lamps. The design of the flip-flops and gates was derived from EMAL, but the vacuum diodes were replaced with germanium ones. The working memory was also derived from the EMAL machine after the improvement. It was a dynamic serial computer that computes in binary arithmetic.
The machine initially had no permanent memory, only RAM based structurally on ultrasound delay in a mercury-filled tubes. It was later expanded with a drum memory, an input-output system implemented through a primitive control console and a card reproducer (later a tape reader/perforator).
The basic fields of use of XYZ were mathematical calculations, and artillery conversion factors for the needs of the army. Programmer Bogdan Miś [pl] wrote a program for entertainment on it in 1960 - a tic-tac-toe game, using an oscilloscope to present the course of the game. XYZ led to his own win or a draw, because the program includes all the strategies for its conduct. Another demonstrative program written for XYZ was an animation of a dog peeing on a tree (also shown on the oscilloscope screen) created for the visit of the film crew, creating material about the first Polish computer.

## Specifications

* Organization:
** single-address, dynamic serial computer with circuit control
** binary arithmetic, notation of numbers sign-module
** word length: 36 bits
* speed:
** 650–4500 additions per second (approximately 1000 average)
** 250–500 multiplications per second (350 average)
** Clock generator: approx. 680 kHz
* memory:
** mercury working memory:
*** capacity: 2.25 KiB - 512 words (32 pipes of 576 bits)
*** average access time : 0.4 ms
** drum
*** fixed heads
*** capacity: 36 KiB (64 tracks of 128 words)
*** average access time: 20 ms
* External devices: reader and perforator card
* Technology: 400 electron tubes and 2000 diodes

## Programming languages

* internal language of the machine
* simple PROBIN assembler
* SAS macroassembler [pl]
* SAKO
# Wurmbrand

Wurmbrand is surname of:
   * Melchior Freiherr von Wurmbrand(-Stuppach) (1475–1553), businessman and military man
   * Johann Wilhelm Graf von Wurmbrand (1670–1750), statesman and historian
   * Adelma Vay, née Wurmbrand-Stuppach (1840–1925), medium and pioneer and spirituality
   * Countess Stephanie von Wurmbrand-Stuppach (1849–1919), Hungarian pianist and composer
   * Countess Maria Anna Paula Ferdinandine von Wurmbrand-Stuppach (1914–2003), Austro-Hungarian countess, huntress, racehorse owner and socialite
# Wurmlingen (Rottenburg)

Wurmlingen (pronounced) is a suburban district of Rottenburg am Neckar in the administrative district of Tübingen in Baden-Württemberg (Germany). It is famous for its chapel, located atop a hill, which is the subject of a famous poem by Ludwig Uhland.

## Geography

Wurmlingen is located 4 km (2.5 mi) northeastern from Rottenburg and 8 km (5 mi) southwestern from Tübingen in valley of the Neckar.

### Extent

The area of the district is 714 hectares. Thereof fall 68.6% upon agriculturally used area, 15.1% upon forest area, 15.1% upon settlement area and roads, 0.1% upon water expanse and 1.1% upon other.

### Neighbour localities

The territories of the following localities adjoin to Wurmlingen, they are called clockwise beginning in the north: Unterjesingen, Hirschau, Rottenburg (Town), Wendelsheim. All bordering localities are in the administrative district of Tübingen. Unterjesingen and Hirschau are suburban districts of Tübingen, Wendelsheim belongs to Rottenburg.

## Population

Wurmlingen has 2487 residents (31/01/08). It is the second largest suburb of Rottenburg. At an area of 7.14 km² (2.8 sq mi) this corresponds to a population density of 348 people per km², or 902 per sq mi.

### Faiths

The population is predominantly Roman Catholic.
# Xiangling (character)

Xiangling (Chinese: 香菱; pinyin: Xiānglíng, rendered Caltrop in David Hawkes's translation) is a character in the 18th century novel Dream of the Red Chamber. She is the primary maid of the Xue household. Originally named Zhen Yinglian (Chinese: 甄英蓮; pinyin: Zhēn Yīnglián), she is the lost daughter of Zhen Shiyin (甄士隱), the country gentleman in Chapter 1. Kidnapped as a young girl on the streets and sold to the Xue family under the name Xiangling (Lotus). Also an unofficial "concubine" to Xue Pan, she is greatly abused by him and later his wife, the cruel Xia Jingui. Xiangling is a kind girl who is much loved by Aunt Xue and Xue Baochai.
When Pan leaves on a business trip and Jingui tries to kill Xiangling, Baochai takes her to the Garden to live with her. There, Xiangling is taught to write verses (Shi (poetry)). In the Cheng-Gao version, Xiangling eventually died in childbirth.

## Media

* Xiangling is portrayed by Song Yi in the 2010 television series version The Dream of Red Mansions.
# Xiangli Subdistrict

Xiangli Subdistrict (Chinese: 项里街道; pinyin: Xiànglǐ Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Sucheng District, Suqian, Jiangsu, China. As of 2018, it has 10 residential communities under its administration.
# Xiaoqing River

Xiaoqing River (Chinese: 小清河; pinyin: Xiǎoqīng Hé) is a river in Shandong Province, China. It is part of the Bohai Sea basin and empties into Laizhou Bay. The river flows through the major city of Jinan. It is 216 kilometres (134 mi) long and drains a 10,336-square-kilometre (3,991 sq mi) basin, which also contains the city of Zibo.

## Ecology

The river has been noted as a major source of pollution in Laizhou Bay, with pollution control efforts influencing the abundance of phytoplankton species in the estuary.
# Xinwen Zhu

Xinwen Zhu (Chinese: 朱歆文; born 1982 in Sichuan) is a Chinese mathematician and professor at Stanford University. His work deals primarily with geometric representation theory and in particular the Langlands program, tying number theory to algebraic geometry and quantum physics.

## Biography

Zhu obtained his A.B. in mathematics from Peking University in 2004 and his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 2009 under the direction of Edward Frenkel. He taught at Harvard University as a Benjamin Peirce Lecturer and at Northwestern University as an assistant professor before joining the Caltech faculty in 2014. According to the American Mathematical Society, "[Zhu] studies the geometry and topology of flag varieties of loop groups and applies techniques from the geometric Langlands program to arithmetic geometry."
The awards Zhu has received include an AMS Centennial Fellowship in 2013 and a Sloan Fellowship in 2015. His research has been published in Annals of Mathematics and Inventiones mathematicae, among other mathematics journals. Zhu, Wei Zhang, Xinyi Yuan and Zhiwei Yun are frequent collaborators. In 2019 he received the Morningside Medal jointly with Zhiwei Yun. Zhu won the 2020 New Horizons in Mathematics Breakthrough Prize "For work in arithmetic algebraic geometry including applications to the theory of Shimura varieties and the Riemann-Hilbert problem for p-adic varieties."

## Publications (selected)

* (with Edward Frenkel) "Gerbal Representations of Double Loop Groups", International Mathematics Research Notices 2012 (2012), No. 17, 3929–4013.
* (with George Pappas]) "Local models of Shimura varieties and a conjecture of Kottwitz", Inventiones mathematicae 194 (2013), No. 1, 147–254.
* "On the coherence conjecture of Pappas and Rapoport", Annals of Mathematics 180 (2014), No. 1, 1–85.
* (with Denis Osipov) "A categorical proof of the Parshin reciprocity laws on algebraic surfaces", Algebra & Number Theory 5 (2011), No. 3, 289–337.
* "Affine Demazure modules and T-fixed point subschemes in the affine Grassmannian", Advances in Mathematics 221 (2009), No. 2, 570–600.
* "Affine Grassmannians and the geometric Satake in mixed characteristic", Annals of Mathematics 185 (2017), No. 2, 403–492.
* (with Edward Frenkel) "Any flat bundle on a punctured disc has an oper structure", Mathematical Research Letters 17 (2010), no. 1, 27–37.
* "The geometric Satake correspondence for ramified groups", Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure 48 (2015), no. 2, 409–451.
* (with Zhiwei Yun) "Integral homology of loop groups via Langlands dual groups", Representation Theory 15 (2011), 347–369.
* (with An Huang, Bong H. Lian) "Period integrals and the Riemann–Hilbert correspondence", Journal of Differential Geometry 104 (2016), No. 2, 325–369.
* (with Tsao-Hsien Chen) "Geometric Langlands in prime characteristic", Compositio Mathematica 153 (2017), No. 2, 395–452.
# Xu Yaoyuan

Xu Yaoyuan (Chinese: 许耀元; born December 1952) is a retired general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA). He served as Political Commissar of the PLA Academy of Military Science and was a member of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Biography

Xu was born in Wujiang County, Jiangsu in December 1952. He enlisted in the PLA in 1969, and served in the 23rd Army. In 1997 he entered the PLA General Political Department (GPD); in 2004 he was put in charge of the cadres department of the GPD. In 2007 he became assistant to the director of the Department. In 2010 he attained the rank of lieutenant general, and became Political Commissar of the People's Armed Police. In July 2012 he was promoted to full general. In December 2014, Xu replaced General Sun Sijing as Political Commissar of the PLA Academy of Military Science.
# Xylota brunettii

Xylota brunettii is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

Malaysia.
# Xuemei Chen

Xuemei Chen (Chinese: 陈雪梅; born 1966) is a Chinese-American molecular biologist. She is the Furuta Chair Professor in the Department of Botany and Plant Sciences at the University of California, Riverside. She was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 2013.

## Early life and education

Chen tied the top high school exam score in her province and was allowed to study plant physiology at Peking University, where she graduated in 1988. The China-United States Biochemistry Examination and Application program awarded her a scholarship to graduate school at Cornell University. While at Cornell's Boyce Thompson Institute she studied the gene expression of chloroplasts and earned her Ph.D. in 1995. Her postdoctoral work was carried out (studying the genetics of floral patterning) at the California Institute of Technology.

## Career

In 1999 Chen started work as an assistant professor at Rutgers University's Waksman Institute of Microbiology. In 2002 she was part of a team that discovered that MicroRNA existed in plants. This work led her to win the 2005 Board of Trustees' Research Fellowship for Scholarly Excellence concurrent with a promotion to associate professor; in 2005 she moved to University of California, Riverside (UCR) and was promoted to full professor in 2009. In 2011 she was named a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for "pioneering discoveries in the field of plant biology in small RNA metabolism and plant development." That year she was also named a Plant Biology Investigator (an award of US$1,666,665) by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. In 2013 Chen was elected to the National Academy of Sciences: the third member from UCR's Center for Plant Cell Biology and sixth from the university's College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences.

## Publications

* Chen, Xuemei (August 2012). "Small RNAs in development – insights from plants". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 22 (4): 361–367. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2012.04.004. PMC 3419802. PMID 22578318.
# Xiangyang, Tian'e County

Xiangyang (Chinese: 向阳) is a town of Tian'e County, Guangxi, China. As of 2018, it has 15 villages under its administration.