OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Woodcock (apple)

The Woodcock was one of the oldest described English varieties of cider apple. It originated in the West of England in the counties of Herefordshire and Gloucestershire.

## Description

Hogg described the apple as medium-sized, oval, with a distinctive fleshy, curved stalk of about three-quarters of an inch in length: the skin was yellow with a soft red flush, deeper on the sunward side. The tree itself was large and vigorous, forming large branches in the manner of a pear tree.
The varieties' name was popularly supposed to refer to the stalk's resemblance to the head of a woodcock; but Thomas Andrew Knight, who described and illustrated the apple in his Pomona Herefordiensis, surmised that its name was originally that of the person who first raised the variety. In Welsh the Woodcock was known as afal coes y dryw or afal coeshir y gwin, both names referring to the fruit's distinctive stem.

## History

The Woodcock was noted by writers as far back as the 17th century, making it one of the earliest described varieties. John Evelyn described it as one of the principal "Gloucestershire cider-fruit" in his work Sylva. John Philips, in Book 2 of his poem Cyder (1708), described how juice of the Woodcock was blended with that of other apples to create "a pleasurable Medly".
By the 19th century the variety was said to be in decline and little planted. The Somerset grower John Scott (1807–86) noted that it was still in existence in the late 19th century, describing it as a "beautiful light red apple". The variety is now thought to be lost, though a correspondent to The Gardeners' Chronicle, writing in 1932, stated that after "long hunting and enquiry about the orchards" they thought that the Monmouthshire variety "Frederick" was closely related or identical to the old Woodcock.
# Renvoizea

Renvoizea is a genus of plants in the grass family.
It is native range is north-eastern and south-eastern Brazil.
The genus name Renvoizea is in honour of Stephen Andrew Renvoize (b. 1944), an English botanist who worked at Kew Gardens and was a specialist in grasses. It was first described and published in Syst. Bot. Vol.33 on page 294 in 2008.

## Known species

According to Kew;
* Renvoizea acicularifolia (Renvoize & Zuloaga) Zuloaga & Morrone
* Renvoizea durifolia (Renvoize & Zuloaga) Zuloaga & Morrone
* Renvoizea glaziovii (Hack.) Zuloaga & Morrone
* Renvoizea lagostachya (Renvoize & Zuloaga) Zuloaga & Morrone
* Renvoizea marauensis (Renvoize & Zuloaga) Zuloaga & Morrone
* Renvoizea restingae (Renvoize & Zuloaga) Zuloaga & Morrone
* Renvoizea sacciolepoides (Renvoize & Zuloaga) Zuloaga & Morrone
* Renvoizea teretifolia (Hack.) Zuloaga & Morrone
* Renvoizea trinii (Kunth) Zuloaga & Morrone
* Renvoizea vaginiviscosa (Renvoize & Zuloaga) Zuloaga & Morrone
# Tetracha gracilis

Tetracha gracilis is a species of tiger beetle that was described by Reiche in 1842. The species can be found only in Colombia and Venezuela.
# Robert Lee Hale

Robert Lee Hale (1884–1969) was an American lawyer and economist. He earned an economics degree at Harvard University, and then worked at Columbia Law School. He is known as a legal realist, and his work focused particularly on the distributive impact of legal rules.

## Publications

* "Rate Making and the Revision of the Property Concept" (1922) 22 Columbia Law Review 209
* "Coercion and Distribution in a Supposedly Non.Coercive State." (1923) 38 Political Science Quarterly
* "Economic Theory and the Statesman" in R G Tugwell (ed.), The Trend of Economics (New York, Knopf, 1924) 189 at 194-5
* "Economics and Law" in W F Ogburn & A Goldenweiser (eds.), The Social Sciences and their Interrelations (London, Allen & Unwin, 1927) 131 at 132-3
* "Force and the State: A Comparison of 'Political' and 'Economic' Compulsion" (1935) 35 Columbia Law Review
* "Prima Facie Torts, Combination, and Non-Feasance" (1946) 46 Columbia Law Review
* "Bargaining, Duress and Economic Liberty." (1943) 43 Columbia Law Review
* Freedom Through Law: Public Control of Private Governing Power (1952)
# YouthBank UK

YouthBank UK (YB UK) was a national grant scheme in the United Kingdom, providing small 'Opportunity' grants from £250 to £5,000 from the Youth Opportunity Fund (YOF) and Larger grants from £5,000 to £25,000 from the Youth Capital Fund (YCF) grants for young people to help individuals and groups fund projects to help the community. Both YB UK and local groups are led and run completely by young people usually with a Youth bank project manager as part of a County Council, helping them learn new skills, meet their needs and aid their communities. YB UK puts the money in the hands of young people, and is run at both a local area and national level by groups of young people, but adults can help as supporters, facilitators and advisors. YB UK is a registered charity, registered charity number, 1113047.
YouthBank UK went into the administration process in 2011 due to financial difficulty.
YouthBank Scotland has continued with the support of Youthlink Scotland to support the network of YouthBanks in Scotland. YouthBank Ireland has also continued to move forward, however had started to move away from YouthBank UK before it went into administration.

## Background and history

In 1999, five organisations, British Youth Council, Changemakers, the Community Foundation Network, the National Youth Agency and The Prince's Trust, who becameYB UK's consortium partners, set up seven pilot YouthBanks, in Bristol, Bradford, Highlands and Islands of Scotland, Northern Ireland, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear and Wales. In September 2001, YB UK was successful in securing a million pound, grant from the Community Fund, to develop a Central Development Unit to expand the pilot YB UK projects.
YB UK received major grants from Comic Relief, the Football Foundation, the Department for Education and Skills and Skills National Voluntary Youth Organisation and the Big Lottery Fund's Young People Fund Grants to Organisation programme.

## Local YouthBanks

After the seven projects received funding via the Community Fund, a Central Development Unit was established to help increase the number of local YouthBanks all around the UK. Youth groups from anywhere in the country can now apply to become a YouthBank for their area. Once a group becomes a YouthBank, they decide how applications are designed and assessed, and decide who receives the grants.

## List of local YouthBanks

Below is a list of areas that have a functioning YouthBank, according to the official website.
# Paul-Grüninger-Stadion

Paul-Grüninger-Stadion is a football stadium in St. Gallen, Switzerland. The stadium is named after Swiss police captain, football player, and Righteous Among the Nations Paul Grüninger. It is the home of SC Brühl and has a capacity of 4,200. The stadium had major renovations done during 2005 and 2006 and a new grandstand was erected. The grandstand has a capacity of 900 seats and the rest is 3,300 standing places.
# The Holocaust in Yugoslavia

The Holocaust in Yugoslavia includes:
* The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia
* The Holocaust in Serbia
* The Holocaust in Bulgaria (occupied areas of Macedonia)
* The Holocaust in Slovenia
# Robin Hall

Robin Hall (27 June 1936 – 18 November 1998) was a Scottish folksinger, best known as half of a singing duo with Jimmie Macgregor. Hall was a direct descendant of the famous Scottish folk hero and outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor as well as of the explorer Mungo Park.

## Biography

Hall was born in Edinburgh but spent his childhood years in Glasgow and was educated at Allan Glen's School. After studying at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, he briefly became an actor.
He formed a musical partnership with Jimmie Macgregor in 1960, and they appeared extensively on BBC Television – on the Tonight programme, on the White Heather Club, and as the hosts of the seminal London Folk Song Cellar. During this period Hall's wearing of a CND badge on television caused some controversy.
Both Hall and Macgregor also played as part of the Galliards with Leon Rosselson and Shirley Bland during the 1960s.
Overall, Hall and Macgregor made over 20 albums during their partnership, which ended in 1981. One of their most successful singles was the anthem "Football Crazy", released in 1960 on Decca Records.
Hall went on to make radio programmes for Radio Clyde.

### Death

His body was found by police on 18 November 1998 at his home in Queen Margaret Drive, Glasgow, where he had lived alone since the end of his second marriage. He appeared to have died some days earlier.
# Wincenty Niałek

Wincenty of Niałka (Vincent) was the Archbishop of Gniezno in the years 1220–1232.

## Early life

He was born in the town of Czarnków to a noble family, the Jeleniów-Niałków whose lands were located on the Obra river border between the Polish principalities of Wielkopolska and Silesia. He probably studied abroad, perhaps in Italy as he was well-educated, and well-versed in Roman politics.
In his youth he had a wife, who bore him at least two children, Miroslaw and Boguchwała.(or possibly Vincent). At this time Catholic priests – especially those with lower ordination – were often married. It was only during the reign of his predecessor archbishop Henry Kietlicz that strict observance of clergy celibacy was enforced. At any rate by 1211 he was a widower.
From 1208 held the office of chancellor at the court of Władysław III Spindleshanks the Duke of Wielkopolska and supported his policies. Against this background, he came into conflict with the conservative Archbishop of Gniezno, Henryk Kietlicz, who excommunicated him and his duke in 1210.
In retaliation Archbishop Henryk was forced into exile, finding the protection of Wladyslaw's rival, Henry the Bearded of Silesia. The archbishop and duke were, however, reconciled in 1213, with part of the settlement including Wincenty becoming a canon at Gniezno Cathedral. In 1216 or 1217 Archbishop Kietlicz raised him to the position of provost as a gesture in the "cease-fire".

## Election to Bishop

Henry Kietlicz died on 22 March 1219 and two contenders emerged for the Bishops role, Hugo and Boguchwała. Pope Honorius III rejected both and suggested Iwo Odrowąż, the Archbishop of Kraków. However, he held office for about a year.
Support of Wawrzyniec/Lawrence, Bishop of Wrocław, two papal legates, and dukes Henry the Bearded and Wladyslaw Laskonogiego caused the pope on 5 October 1220 to select Wincenty as archbishop. However, as he had only been a secular cleric, he was ordained and consecrated bishop before taking the office of archbishop.

## Works as Archbishop

During the famine of 1222–1224 gave food to the needy and in 1223 he received papal legate Cardinal Gregorio Crescenzi. In 1226 he chaired a synod to settle a dispute between the Archbishop of Kraków and Wawrzyniec, Bishop of Wrocław. He also participated in the convention in Gąsawa following the death of Leszek the White in 1227.
Wincenty of Niałka died in early 1232 after a long and serious illness.
# Polaromonas

Polaromonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria from the family Comamonadaceae. Polaromonas species are psychrophiles.
# Renaissance Child

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| HipHopDX | 3.5/5 |
| laut.de | |
| RapReviews | 7.5/10 |
Renaissance Child is the second solo studio album by American rapper Hell Razah. It was released on February 20, 2007, through Nature Sounds. Recording sessions took place at Chung King Studios in New York. Production was handled by Bronze Nazareth, Dirty Needlez, Krohme, 4th Disciple, Dev 1, DJ Battle, Fabrizio Sotti, Fokis, Jordan River Banks, MF Doom, Shuko and Smokeshop Productions, with Amal McCaskill and Hell Razah serving as executive producers. It features guest appearances from The Maccabeez, Bronze Nazareth, Ras Kass, R.A. the Rugged Man, Talib Kweli, Tragedy Khadafi and Viktor Vaughn.
The track "Renaissance" was originally released on the Nature Sounds compilation album Natural Selection. The album's lead single "Buried Alive" b/w "Project Jazz" was dropped on March 6, 2007. The album has moved 4,506 units.
# Naoya Tomita

Naoya Tomita (冨田 尚弥, Tomita Naoya, born April 22, 1989) is a Japanese breaststroke swimmer. In 2010, he won the 200 m event at the World Championships (short course) and at the Asian Games. At the 2014 Asian Games he was caught on surveillance cameras while stealing a video camera belonging to the Yonhap News Agency. He admitted to the fact and paid a fine of 1 million won (ca. US$1000). On October 7, 2014, he was banned for 18 months from competitions by Japan Swimming Federation and fired by his employer, sports apparel manufacturer Descente Ltd.
# Young Women's Christian Association of Plainfield and North Plainfield

Young Women's Christian Association of Plainfield and North Plainfield is a historic building in Plainfield, Union County, New Jersey, United States.
It was built in 1924 and as the name suggests intended to serve young women of both Plainfield and North Plainfield. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
# Thomas Wood (1708–1799)

Thomas Wood FRS (25 September 1708 – 25 June 1799), was a British politician who briefly sat in the House of Commons from 1779 to 1780.

## Early life

Wood was born on 25 September 1708. The seventh son of Edward Wood and Elizabeth (née Bridger) Wood (daughter and heiress of Henry Bridger of Bramley, Surrey), he was from Littleton (then in Middlesex, now Surrey).
He was educated at Eton College from 1718 to 1725 before matriculating at Christ Church, Oxford in 1725 and All Souls College, Oxford in 1732.

## Career

A barrister, he was called in 1735, made a bencher in 1766, and later served as Treasurer of the Inner Temple where he had been admitted in 1729. In 1748, he succeeded to his brothers estates. A member of the Whig party, he was Member of Parliament for Middlesex from 1779 to 1780.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in February 1761.

## Personal life

On 2 October 1743 Wood was married to Anne Jones, daughter of Richard Jones. Together, they were the parents of two sons and three daughters, including:
* Thomas Wood, who married Mary Williams (1752–1820), daughter and heiress of Sir Edward Williams, 5th Baronet, of Gwernyfed.
Wood died on 25 June 1799.

### Descendants

Through his son Thomas, he was a grandfather of Thomas Wood (1777–1860), MP for Breconshire from 1806 to 1847; he married Lady Caroline Stewart, daughter of Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry and Frances Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry (daughter of the Whig politician Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden).
# Nickel oxide hydroxide

Nickel oxide hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NiO(OH). It is a black solid that is insoluble in all solvents but attacked by base and acid. It is a component of the nickel–metal hydride battery and of the nickel–iron battery.

## Related materials

Nickel(III) oxides are often poorly characterized and are assumed to be nonstoichiometric compounds. Nickel(III) oxide (Ni$_2$O$_3$) has not been verified crystallographically. For applications in organic chemistry, nickel oxides or peroxides are generated in situ and lack crystallographic characterization. For example, "nickel peroxide" (CAS# 12035-36-8) is also closely related to or even identical with NiO(OH).

## Synthesis and structure

Its layered structure resembles that of the brucite polymorph of nickel(II) hydroxide, but with half as many hydrogens. The oxidation state of nickel is 3+. It can be prepared by the reaction of nickel(II) hydroxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide and bromine as the oxidant:
    2 Ni(OH)$_2$ + 2 KOH + Br$_2$ → 2 KBr + 2 H$_2$O + 2 NiOOH

## Use in organic chemistry

Nickel(III) oxides catalyze the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid using bleach:
Similarly it catalyzes the double oxidation of 3-butenoic acid to fumaric acid:
# Wien Modern

Wien Modern is a modern music festival in Vienna, Austria that was founded by Claudio Abbado in 1988. It was created with the intent of revitalizing the traditional music scene of Vienna. Friedrich Cerha, Johannes Maria Staud, Mark Andre, Wolfgang Mitterer, Olga Neuwirth, Peter Eötvös, Roger Woodward and Georg Friedrich Haas have been featured at the festival since its inception.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Europa Publications 1996, p. 2
* 1 2 Anon 2014
# Winkler Lake

Winkler Lake is a lake in Carver County, Minnesota, in the United States.
Winkler Lake was named for Ignatz Wiknler, an early settler.
# Podgaje, Busko County

Podgaje is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Busko-Zdrój, within Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Busko-Zdrój and 44 km (27 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.
# Women's World Chess Championship 1965

The 1965 Women's World Chess Championship was won by Nona Gaprindashvili, who successfully defended her title against challenger Alla Kushnir in what was to be the first of three consecutive title matches between the two strongest female players of their time.

## 1964 Candidates Tournament

The Candidates Tournament was held in Sukhumi in September and October 1964. Three players were tied for first place, but Kushnir won the playoff in Moscow in December 1964 and earned the right to challenge the reigning champion Gaprindashvili.
    1964 Women's Candidates Tournament Player123456789101112131415161718PointsTie break 1 Milunka Lazarević (Yugoslavia)-11½½10½11½11011½112½102.00 2 Alla Kushnir (Soviet Union)0-01½1110½11½1111112½93.50 3 Tatiana Zatulovskaya (Soviet Union)01-0½1½01111½1111112½93.25 4 Kira Zvorykina (Soviet Union)½01-½1½11101011½011191.25 5 Katarina Jovanović-Blagojević (Yugoslavia)½½½½-½0½½½1111½½111182.50 6 Maaja Ranniku (Soviet Union)0000½-½1½01111111110½ 7 Valentina Borisenko (Soviet Union)10½½1½-100½0½11½111078.75 8 Henrijeta Konarkowska (Poland)½010½00-1111101½½11075.75 9 Verica Nedeljković (Yugoslavia)0100½½10-1101½101½9 10 Kveta Eretova (Czechoslovakia)0½00½1100-01½1½1½18½ 11 Elisabeth Bykova (Soviet Union)½00100½001-1½½01118 12 Lisa Lane (USA)00000010100-1½1½117 13 Eva Ladanyike-Karakas (Hungary)0½½100½00½½0-½0½116½48.00 14 Gisela Kahn Gresser (USA)10000001½0½½½-0½116½45.75 15 Margareta Teodorescu (Romania)0000½0000½1011-½116½38.75 16 Antonia Ivanova (Bulgaria)000½½0½½100½½½½-½½6 17 Tumenbayar Tsend (Mongolia)½001000½0½00000½-14 18 Celia Baudot de Moschini (Argentina)00000000½000000½0-1
    1964 Women's Candidates Playoff Tournament Player123Total 1 Alla Kushnir (Soviet Union)-0 11 ½2½ 2 Milunka Lazarević (Yugoslavia)1 0-1 02 3 Tatiana Zatulovskaya (Soviet Union)0 ½0 1-1½

## 1965 Championship Match

The championship match was played in Riga in 1965. Despite valiant opposition from Kushnir, Gaprindashvili's victory was never really in doubt.
    Women's World Championship Match 1965 12345678910111213Total  Alla Kushnir (Soviet Union) 01½00½00½10104½  Nona Gaprindashvili (Soviet Union) 10½11½11½01018½
# Renaissance Charter School

Renaissance Charter School may refer to the following schools in the United States:
* Boston Renaissance Charter Public School in Hyde Park, Boston, Massachusetts
* Renaissance Charter School (Queens), Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City
* Renaissance Elementary and Middle Charter School, in Doral, Florida
* Renaissance Charter Schools at Pines, Pembroke Pines, Florida
* Renaissance Charter School at Hunter's Creek, Hunter's Creek, Florida
* Renaissance Charter School at Poinciana K-8, Osceola County, Florida
* Renaissance Charter School at Tapestry K-8, Kissimmee, Florida
* Renaissance Charter School at Crown Point, Ocoee, Florida
* Renaissance Charter School at Goldenrod K-8, Orlando, Florida
# Tep Wireless

Tep Wireless, branded as Tep, is a telecommunications company which provides mobile broadband for international travelers. The aim of the service is to prevent roaming fees for individuals going abroad, while keeping them connected to the Internet anywhere they go. The service is rendered via pre-paid MiFi devices (referred to as pocket WiFi devices), which are delivered to users before their trip or picked up at various airports. At the end of the user's trip, the MiFi (or WiFi) device is returned by post or dropped off at airports. Tep delivers its mobile broadband service through partnerships with global network operators, including Vodafone. The WiFi device can be ordered on the company's website, or those of Expedia or VisitBritain.DHI Telecom acquired Tep Wireless in October 2018 and continues to operate as a subsidiary.

## History

Tep Wireless was formerly known as Fonmigo, and in the past also offered smartphones with local numbers to international travelers. At the end of 2015, Tep expanded its service to allow travelers the choice of either renting or buying Tep's MiFi devices.
In October 2018, DHI Telecom acquired UK-based TEP Wireless to immediately expand the DHI market to include international travelers. TEP Wireless keeps its brand as a subsidiary of DHI Telecom. Global Travel While Staying Connected; BusinessWire (Press release).
In June 2019, DHI acquired French-based Travel WiFi to increase its presence in France and to provide customers with easy wi-fi hotspot pickup at airports in Paris. Travel WiFi will integrate its operations with Tep Wireless, subsidiary of DHI Telecom. DHI Telecom Acquires French-Based Travel WiFi; YahooFinance. In June 2019, DHI acquired Trinus, a mobile Wi-Fi provider based in Chile and Peru (Contxto).
# Ysgol Gyfun Aberaeron

Ysgol Gyfun Aberaeron is a bilingual comprehensive school for pupils aged between 11 and 18 years. The school is situated in the town of Aberaeron in Ceredigion, Wales. The school had 581 pupils on roll in 2022.
34% of pupils are from homes in which Welsh is the main language. However, 70% of pupils speak Welsh as a first language or to an equal standard. As of 2016, over 80% of pupils in Year 10 and Year 11 study at least three examination subjects through the medium of Welsh.
The school ranked very low in the Welsh league tables (153rd out of 217 schools in Wales) in 2013. The school reached first position in the Western Mail league tables the following year (2014). The school achieved a 5 star rating (the highest possible ranking) for teaching; attainment and finance. According to the paper the “School’s mission to ‘provide a inclusive centre of excellence within a bilingual community’ has doubtless been achieved.”

## Notable former pupils

* Josh Tarling - track and road cyclist, world junior time trial champion
* Alana Spencer - winner of BBC's The Apprentice series 12
* Seirian Sumner - Professor of entomology at UCL