OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palestinian liberation (disambiguation)

Palestinian liberation is the concept of Palestinian nationalism, the movement of Palestinian people for self-determination and sovereignty over Palestine.
Palestinian liberation, Palestinian freedom, or free Palestine may also refer to:
* Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement, a political movement that advocates boycotting Israel in support of the rights of Palestinian people.
* International Solidarity Movement, a Palestinian-led movement focused on assisting the Palestinian cause in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* Free Gaza Movement, a coalition of human rights activists and pro-Palestinian groups formed to break Israel's blockade of the Gaza Strip and publicise Palestinians' treatment
* Free Palestine Movement, an organization in Syria
* Palestinian freedom of movement, the restriction of the movement of Palestinians by the Israeli government
* Palestine Liberation Organization, a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people
# Pierre Thomas (scholar)

Pierre Thomas, sieur du Fossé (1634–1698) was a French scholar and author, and was the son of a master of accounts at Rouen. He was sent as a child to be educated to the Jansenists at Port-Royal des Champs. There he received his bent towards the life of a recluse, and even of a hermit, which drew him to establish himself in the neighborhood of Port-Royal des Champs. There he associated with Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, Antoine Singlin, Robert Arnauld d'Andilly and Antoine Le Maistre.
In 1661 he came to Paris, and in 1666 was arrested along with Louis-Isaac Lemaistre de Sacy, and after a month in the Bastille was exiled to his estate of Fossé near Forges-les-Eaux. He later made yearly visits to Paris during the winter months. Apart from his collaboration with de Sacy on a French translation of the Bible, Thomas wrote some hagiographic works and left Mémoires (1697–1698 and again 1876–1879), which are highly praised by Sainte-Beuve as being a remarkable mirror of the life at Port-Royal.
He also wrote under the pseudonymes Pierre Thomas Beaulieu and Pierre Thomas La Motte.
# Willi Hoselmann

Willi Hoselmann (27 January 1890 – 1978) was a German sculptor.

## Life

Born in Duisburg, Hoselman studied sculpture at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. There he was Misterschüler [de] of Hubert Netzer. From 1933 he was a member of the Malkasten, the Düsseldorfer Jonges [de] and the 1949 Group. During the National Socialist era he created art in Nazi Germany. One of Hoselmann's private students was Gerda Kratz.
His son Wilhelm Hoselmann headed the building department of the city of Geldern as building director for decades.

## Works

* Putti and stone vases for the Düsseldorf exhibition GeSoLei, 1926-1928: stone vase Düsseldorf's cartwheeler (on the bank protection wall at Rheinpark Golzheim), Stone vases Martinszug and Die Lebensalter (on the plinth at the NRW Forum in Düsseldorfer Ehrenhof)
* Tomorrow we march, Joint design with the architect Peter Dierichsweiler for the Kriegerdenkmal des Füsilier-Regiments General Ludendorff (Niederrheinisches) No. 39, 1927 (realised by sculptor Jupp Rübsam, unveiled 1928)
* Gießerjunge, bronze figure at the corner of Zollstraße/Marktplatz in Düsseldorf, commissioned by the Düsseldorfer Jonges, erected in 1932
* with Hans Reissinger: Denkmal der Bewegung, NS monument in the form of a lying swastika on Luitpoldplatz, Bayreuth, 1934, torn down in 1935 after encroachment by Wildpinkler.
* Monument to the German Mother (Mother guiding her children into life), NS monument in the hall of honour of the House of German Education, Bayreuth, 1936
* Eagle with swastika flag, relief above the portal of the House of German Education, Bayreuth, 1936
* Memorial to Vice Admiral Maximilian Reichsgraf von Spee, above a portal at the Palais Spee (eastern wing) placed in 1936
* Fischerjungen-Brunnen from bluestone, 1938, commissioned by the Düsseldorfer Jonges for the 650th anniversary of the city of Düsseldorf, Stiftsplatz 2, Düsseldorf.
* School relief, shell limestone, above the main entrance of the school at Salierplatz (today Don-Bosco-School), Salierstraße 37, Düsseldorf-Oberkassel, 1939
* Stone figure Falconer as part of the group of figures Die Ständischen, art project for the Reichsausstellung Schaffendes Volk 1937, initially removed again, re-installed in 1941 in Nordpark Düsseldorf at the large water basin.
* Heinrich Heine Commemorative plaque at Birthplace of Heinrich Heine on Bolkerstraße [de], Düsseldorf, commissioned by the Düsseldorfer Jonges, 1947
* Relief Lorenz Cantador in the arcades of the Administrative Building Marktplatz 6, Düsseldorf, 1948
* Zodiac relief on the central building of the Gerling administration buildings, Von-Werth-Straße 14, Cologne, circa 1950.
* Memorial plaque for the architect Philipp Schaefer and Lyra as a memorial of the Alte Tonhalle at the Karstadt building in Schadowstraße in Düsseldorf, circa 1952.
* Decorative vase, limestone, Burggrafenstraße, Düsseldorf-Oberkassel, 1953
* Bust Friedrich Spee, on a stele east of the St.-Suitbertus-Basilika (at the rear of the Suitbertus-Gymnasium), Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth, erected in 1959 by the Düsseldorf Jonges.
# NGC 2964

NGC 2964 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 2964 is about 60,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on December 7, 1785.
There is evidence that the galaxy has a weak bar running across the minor axis of the galaxy. The galaxy has four spiral arms, two emerging from ansae at each end of the bar and the others emerging near the centre of the bar, with the arms emerging from the ends of the bar being of higher surface brightness. All but the west arm have knotty appearance. The outer parts of the galaxy present twisted stellar kinematics, but otherwise the rotation is quite regular.
Spiral dust lanes have been observed running towards the centre, where star formation possibly takes place. A circumnuclear ring observed in [OIII]/H-beta could be the site of active star formation. Another indication of a nuclear star forming ring is the detection of double peaked carbon monoxide emission lines. The central region of the galaxy has a stellar population of young-intermediate age, probably created by constant starburst activity that lasted for about 5 billion years. The total star formation rate of NGC 2964 is estimated to be about 4 M$_☉$ per year.
The nucleus of NGC 2964 appears to feature HII region activity. The spectrographic study of the nucleus revealed double peaked emission lines, which can be attributed to an ionisation cone created by an active galactic nucleus. In the centre of NGC 2964 is believed to lie a supermassive black hole whose upper mass limit is estimated to be between 1.4 and 24 million M$_☉$.
NGC 2964 is the brightest galaxy in a galaxy group known as the NGC 2964 group. Other members of the group include NGC 2968, NGC 2970, NGC 3003, NGC 3011, NGC 3021. Other nearby galaxies include NGC 3118, NGC 3067, NGC 3032, NGC 3026, and their galaxy groups. NGC 2964 forms a non-interacting pair with NGC 2968, which lies 5.8 arcminutes away. A hydrogen bridge has been found to connect the two galaxies, while a tail extends towards NGC 2970.
# Yael Martínez

Yael Esteban Martínez Velázquez (born 1984) is a Mexican photographer, based in Guerrero. He is a freelance photographer that photographs for Magnum Photos. In 2019 he won the W. Eugene Smith Grant from the W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund. His photographs capture a feeling of emptiness and pain suffered by those affected by crime in their region.

## Awards

* 2016: Magnum Foundation, Emergency Fund grant
* 2019 2nd Prize, Long-Term Projects, Stories, World Press Photo, for The House That Bleeds
* 2019: W. Eugene Smith Grant, W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund, a prize of $40,000
# Rex Malcolm Chaplin Dawson

Rex Malcolm Chaplin Dawson FRS (1924–2021) was a British biochemist whose research was primarily dedicated to the study of phospholipids. His career was based at the Babraham Institute, Cambridge, starting in 1955, in the newly formed biochemistry department.
He served as honorary publications secretary for The Biochemical Society (1973–1980), and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1981.

## Biography

Rex Malcom Chaplin Dawson was born on 3 June 1924 in Stoke Golding, Leicestershire, the second son of James Dawson, newspaperman, and Ethel Mary (née Chaplin), teacher of music, English and art. When he was 11 the family moved to nearby Hinckley, where Dawson attended the local Grammar School. There, "he gained a sudden early fascination with science" after reading Wonders of Chemistry. He gained a scholarship to University College London (UCL) and was awarded first class honours for his degree in applied and theoretical physics in 1945.
He then moved to Cardiff to join Derek Richter's group at Whitchurch Hospital. His work there on the metabolism of the brain earned him a PhD in 1949. Dawson stayed on at Cardiff, doing further work on the metabolism of phospholipids. He then moved in 1952 to the biochemistry department at Oxford where he continued his investigations, leading to the publication of an important paper.
The head of his department, Sir Rudolph Peters FRS retired in 1954 and went on set up a new department of biochemistry at the Agricultural Research Council Animal Physiology Unit at Babraham. Peters had noted Dawson's talent, and offered him a position in the new organisation in 1955. Dawson moved to Babraham and remained for thirty years.
Dawson was honorary publications secretary for The Biochemical Society from 1973 to 1980. His contributions to the future of the organization were key: "With his fellow officers of the society, Rex played a major role in getting things onto a more secure financial and administrative basis, a legacy that continues to this day in a flourishing society".

## Family

Rex Dawson married Emily Elizabeth Hodder in Edmonton, London in the summer of 1946. Their two children, Hazel Anne and John Rex, were born in Bristol in 1947 and Cardiff in 1951 respectively:
* Anne, a physiologist, married David Atherton; their son Joe does research on microtubules at King's College London.
* John Rex (more usually Rex) is an Emeritus Consultant Cardiologist, Barts Health NHS Trust.
Emily Elizabeth Dawson died on 29 September 2005. In 2009, Rex Malcom Chaplin Dawson married June Margaret Buschman (née Pepper), who had lost her husband Petrus in 2004. Rex died on 29 March 2021 in Langham, Norfolk.
# Nawan Pind

Nawan Pind is a village in Jalandhar - I in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, the village has a total number of nine houses and the population of 34 of which 17 are males while 17 are females. According to the report published by Census India in 2011, out of the total population of the village, four people are from Schedule Caste and the village does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
# Watanabe Shōtei

Watanabe Seitei (渡辺 省亭, January 18, 1852 – April 2, 1918), also known as Watanabe Shōtei, was a Japanese Nihonga painter who was one of the first Japanese painters to visit Europe, attending the 1878 International Exhibition in Paris and being awarded a medal. He blended Western realism with the delicate colours and washes of the Kikuchi Yōsai school, introducing a new approach to kachōga (bird-and-flower painting).

## Biography

Born as Yoshikawa Yoshimata in Edo, he was later adopted by the family of his father's literary friend, Watanabe Mitsue. His early studies were at age sixteen under Kikuchi Yōsai (1788–1878) after which he spent a brief time in the studio of the painter and lacquer artist, Shibata Zeshin (1807–1891).
In 1878 he travelled in the United States and Europe, remaining in Paris for three years and becoming the first Nihonga artist to live in Europe with the aim of studying Western painting.
Travel abroad was extremely difficult for Japanese artists in the early Meiji period (1868–1912), and it is unknown how Shōtei managed this. A few years earlier, in 1875, he had produced designs for an export company, which may have provided him with the necessary contacts. His works have enjoyed great popularity in the West, and a large number are to be seen in both European and American collections.
On his return from Europe, Seitei created designs for ceramics and cloisonné, working with the cloisonné artist Namikawa Sosuke (1847–1910), leading to acclaim from abroad. He maintained a prodigious output of paintings and illustrations, producing three outstanding albums: Seitei kacho gafu ('Picture album of Seitei's bird and flower'), 1890–91; Kacho gafu ('Bird and flower album'), 1903; and the last series published in 1916 also entitled Seitei kacho gafu.
Watanabe Shotei also edited and contributed to the art magazine Bijutsu Sekai (The World of Art), of which the first number was published by Wada Tokutaro in the year Meiji 23 (1890) and printed by Yoshida Ichimatsu with the blockcuts carried out by Goto Tokujiro. Besides Watanabe's illustration and that of Yoshitoshi Kyosai, there were ten other artists who contributed. Twenty-two of his bird and flower prints were published by Okura Yasugorō in 1916.
During his life he received many awards, in expositions in and out of Japan. He became a major inspiration to the following generation of Nihonga artists, notably Mizuno Toshikata (1866–1908) and Kaburagi Kiyokata (1878–1973).

## Gallery

* Bird and Magnolia
* Chrysanthemum
* Seagulls over the Waves
* Album leaf, ca. 1887.
# Paley & Francis

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 60/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Consequence of Sound | C− |
| Popmatters | |
| Uncut | |
| Under the Radar | 5/10 |
Paley & Francis is a studio album by Paley & Francis (Reid Paley and Black Francis), recorded in Nashville in September 2010, and released in the UK & Europe on October 10, 2011 on Cooking Vinyl, and in North America on October 11, 2011 on Sonic Unyon.
The album was produced by Jon Tiven, and features Reid Paley and Black Francis on guitars and vocals, accompanied by Muscle Shoals legends Spooner Oldham on piano and David Hood on bass.
Paley & Francis debuted live in early September 2011 with club performances in Albany NY, Buffalo NY, and Hamilton Ontario (unannounced), and as one of the headliners of Hamilton Ontario's Supercrawl Festival. The band for these performances consisted of Reid Paley & Black Francis on guitars and vocals, Eric Eble (of the Reid Paley Trio) on bass, and Dave Varriale on drums.
The Paley & Francis album was re-released as a vinyl LP in 2022 by Demon Music Group.

## Track listing

All music written by Black Francis and Reid Paley, lyricists noted below
* "Curse" (Francis) – 3:45
* "On the Corner" (Paley) – 2:18
* "Magic Cup" (Francis) – 3:47
* "Ugly Life" (Paley) – 3:55
* "Seal" (Francis) – 4:29
* "The Last Song" (Paley) – 3:38
* "Crescent Moon" (Francis) – 3:26
* "Deconstructed" (Paley) – 3:44
* "Praise" (Francis) – 3:36
* "Happy Shoes" (Paley) – 3:22

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

### Musicians

* Reid Paley – lead and backing vocals, electric guitar
* Black Francis – lead and backing vocals, acoustic and electric guitar
* David Hood – bass
* Spooner Oldham – piano, organ, electric piano
* Harry Stinson – snare, tambourine, shaker, bells
* Jon Tiven – tenor saxophone, harmonica, tambourine, "bass pillow", snare, handclaps, backing vocals
* Jru Frazier – snare, tambourine
* Patterson Hood – shaker

### Technical

* Jon Tiven – producer, engineer, mixing
* Jake Burns – mixing engineer
* Jim Demain – mastering engineer
* Myles Mangino – photography
* Butch Belair – photography
# Sulzfeld, Baden-Württemberg

Sulzfeld (South Franconian: Sulsfeld) is a municipality in the district of Karlsruhe in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
# West Valley, New York

West Valley is a hamlet in the Town of Ashford in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 518 at the 2010 census, which lists the community as a census-designated place.
Located at the intersection of Cattaraugus County Route 53 and State Route 240/County Route 32, the hamlet is home to West Valley Central School and the West Valley Demonstration Project, a nuclear cleanup facility. Because of the presence of a school district, a telephone exchange (716–942), and a post office located in (and named after) the hamlet, many people mistake West Valley to be the name of an actual town or village. However, it does not have any autonomous government separate from the town of Ashford.

## Geography

West Valley is located at 42°24′10″N 078°36′36″W﻿ / ﻿42.40278°N 78.61000°W﻿ / 42.40278; -78.61000 (42.4028410, −78.6100253) and its elevation is 1,522 feet (464 m).
According to the 2010 United States Census, the CDP has a total area of 1.535 square miles (3.98 km$^2$), of which 1.532 square miles (3.97 km$^2$) is land and 0.003 square miles (0.01 km$^2$) is water.
# Whose Broad Stripes and Bright Stars

Whose Broad Stripes and Bright Stars and similar phrases could refer to:
* "...Whose Broad Stripes and Bright Stars... ", a phrase from the national anthem of the United States, "The Star-Spangled Banner"
* Broad Stripes and Bright Stars, a 1919 children's book by Carolyn Sherwin Bailey
* Whose Broad Stripes and Bright Stars? The Trivial Pursuit of the Presidency 1988, a 1989 book by Jack Germond and Jules Witcover
# Rathen

Rathen is a village in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains, in Saxony, Germany, about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Dresden. The village occupies both banks of the river Elbe and, as of 2020, has 339 inhabitants. Rathen is a popular tourist destination, the main sights are the Bastei cliffs, the Amselsee (a lake), and the outdoor theater "Felsenbühne Rathen".

## History

Rathen was founded in the 13th century around 1261 as place for a castle fortress.
During World War II, a subcamp of Flossenbürg concentration camp was located here.

## Tourism

The state-recognised climatic spa of Rathen is not only the base for tours in the western part of Saxon Switzerland, but also for the world-famous Bastei rocks. Other popular destinations in the local Amselgrund valley are the lake of Amselsee and the Rathen Open Air Stage. There are a good 400 inhabitants on both sides of the Elbe, linked by the historic Rathen Ferry, which is a protected monument. In addition to the Old Mill of 1567, which was nearly demolished after the hundred year flood, there is a range of other timber-framed houses.
Due to its proximity to the town of Wehlen the following wordplay saying is given to visitors: "Sie können Rathen wählen, ich würde Ihnen auch zu Wehlen raten." ("You can choose Rathen, I would also recommend Wehlen to you.")

### Local places of interest

* Bastei with the Schweizerhaus, Bastei bridge and Bastei lookout
* Rathen Open Air Stage in the Wehlgrund
* Rhododendron park on the Kleine Bastei
* Rauenstein
* Amselgrund and Amsel Falls
* Saxon Switzerland National Park
* Castles of Neurathen and Altrathen
* Largest garden railway in the world at Eisenbahnwelten im Kurort Rathen [de]
* Schwedenlöcher

## Transport

The Rathen Ferry, a passenger reaction ferry, connects Niederrathen, on the right bank of the Elbe river, to Oberrathen on the left bank. Kurort Rathen railway station, on the Dresden S-Bahn and the Dresden to Prague railway, is adjacent to the Oberrathen ferry terminal. Rathen is also a stop for the Sächsische Dampfschiffahrt ships, including historic paddle steamers, operating between Dresden and the Czech border.
Road access to Niederrathen is by means of a road from Bad Schandau, whilst Oberrathen is linked by road to Struppen. There is no direct vehicular connection across the river between the two halves of the village, and the road journey between the two is some 23 kilometres (14 mi) in length.
# NGC 173

NGC 173 is an unbarred spiral galaxy located approximately 3.8 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus.
# Richard Stammers

Richard Stammers is a British visual effects artist.
He was nominated for the Best Visual Effects at the 85th Academy Awards for his work on the film Prometheus and at the 87th Academy Awards for his work on the film X-Men: Days of Future Past. He received his third nomination at the 88th Academy Awards for the film The Martian.

## Selected filmography

* Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005)
* The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008)
* Robin Hood (2010)
* Prometheus (2012)
* X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014)
* The Martian (2015)
# Wrong way risk

In the field of finance, a wrong way risk (WWR) occurs when credit exposure to a counterparty is negatively correlated with the credit quality of that counterparty. In other words, the more a party gains on a trade, the more likely it is for the counterparty to default. It is a source of concerns for banks and regulators, as it increases the overall counterparty credit risk.
It is opposed to right way risk (RWR), which occurs when one party's payment obligations are positively correlated to the same party's credit worthiness and thus reduces the overall counterparty credit risk.

## Types
### Specific wrong way risk (SWWR)

Specific wrong way risk arises through poorly structured transactions or through factors that are specific to the counterparty, such as a rating downgrade or a litigation. An example could be a company selling a put option on its own stock. If the stock suddenly loses value, the company's credit quality will decrease, while also increasing its liability to the owner of the put option.

### General wrong way risk (GWWR)

General wrong way risk (also known as conjectural wrong way risk) arises through macroeconomic factors that are not specifically affecting the counterparty, such as a shock on interest rates.
An example could be an interest rate swap between two parties, where Party A agrees to pay to Party B a fixed interest rate in exchange for a floating interest rate. If interest rates rise globally, Party A's exposure increases while the counterparty's likelihood of default increases (as it is now obligated to make larger interest payments).
# Milena (film)

Milena is a 1991 French biographical film about Czech writer Milena Jesenská.

## Cast

* Valérie Kaprisky - Milena Jesenska
* Stacy Keach - Jesenski
* Gudrun Landgrebe - Olga
* Nick Mancuso - Jaromir
* Peter Gallagher - Pollak
* Yves Jacques - Max Brod
* Jacques Penot - Simon Foreman
* Jeanne Marine - Lisa
* Philip Anglim - Kafka
# Summer Sail

Summer Sail 2007 was a sailing festival sponsored by the American Sail Training Association (ASTA) as part of the larger ASTA Tall Ships Challenge 2007, which continued until September 2007. Well-known tall ships such as Prince William, Bluenose II and A.J. Meerwald were expected to attend. The event, hosted by the Philadelphia Ship Preservation Guild, was expected to attract 10,000 visitors from all over the world. The event, with ship tours, live entertainment, music, crafts and food, was held June 19 to June 23, 2007, at Penn's Landing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The festival was part of ASTA's ongoing goal of educating the North American public in sailing techniques, Atlantic ocean conservation, and maritime history. Many of the member ships such as Philadelphia Ship Preservation Guild's barkentine Gazela and the privately owned Canadian barque Picton Castle sail all over the Middle Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, giving tours and doing educational outreach whenever they are in port.