OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# North Korea–European Union relations

European Union–North Korea relations are the foreign relations between the European Union and the country of North Korea. Bilateral relations between North Korea and the EU date back to the 1990s.

## Political relations

The EU has a policy of "critical engagement" towards North Korea. The EU wishes to help the DPRK "promote peace and stability on the Korean peninsula, in particular through support for international efforts to promote denuclearisation and an improvement in the human rights situation". The European Union first started diplomatic relations with DPRK in May 2001 and most EU countries have since made diplomatic relations with the DPRK. The EU has routinely mentioned the human rights situation in the DPRK bilaterally and through United Nations (UN) bodies, including co-sponsoring country resolutions. The EU still is concerned about human rights violations they allege are occurring within the country and has hosted talks with anti-DPRK defectors.
The EU wishes for the DPRK to not engage in nuclear or ballistic missile related programs or funding. It has not ruled out further sanctions if the DPRK fails to comply. The EU has implemented UN Security Council resolutions 1718 (2006), 1874 (2009), 2087 (2013), 2094 (2013), 2270 (2016), 2321 (2016), 2356 (2017), 2371 (2017) and 2375 (2017) and has also adopted additional autonomous measures that complement and reinforce the UN-based sanctions.

## Humanitarian support

The EU has delivered primarily food assistance to the DPRK since 1995. Some member states have their own efforts in addition to those of the EU.

## Trade and sanctions

The DPRK had economic interests in the European Union. In March 2002, the DPRK's trade minister visited certain EU member states, including Belgium, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Sweden, and the country has also been known to send short-term trainees to Europe. Additionally, workshops regarding DPRK's economic reform have taken place with EU diplomats and economists as participants. Before increasing economic sanctions against the DPRK in 2016, the DPRK's external trade to the EU accounted for less than 0.5% of the country's total external trade.
The EU has put into place restrictions on member state interactions to the DPRK as well, such as restrictions of certain services and financial support for DPRK external trade. Some of these services banned include computer assistance, nuclear or ballistic missile research, mining services, and refining services. The EU has a prohibition of export credits, guarantees, insurances, and investments to the DPRK.
The EU currently bars the import and export of arms to the DPRK as well as any nuclear-related or ballistic missile related items. The EU does not permit the export or import of many natural ground resources to the DPRK (i.e. coal, iron ore, gold, silver, etc.). In addition, the EU forbids the export or import of statues, helicopters, vessels, banknotes and coinage, luxury goods, textiles, aviation and rocket fuel, petroleum, natural gas, and seafood from or to the DPRK.
# Normand Shay

Norman Morse "Norm, Norman" Shay (February 3, 1899 in Huntsville, Ontario — November 28, 1968) was a Canadian ice hockey player who played two seasons in the National Hockey League for the Boston Bruins and the Toronto St. Pats between 1924 and 1926. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1921 to 1930, was spent in the United States Amateur Hockey Association and minor Canadian–American Hockey League.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1920–21 | Port Colborne Sailors | OHA Int | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1921–22 | Westminster Hockey Club | USAHA | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 1922–23 | Westminster Hockey Club | USAHA | — | 7 | 0 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1923–24 | New Haven Bears | USAHA | 12 | 6 | 0 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1924–25 | Boston Bruins | NHL | 18 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1925–26 | Boston Bruins | NHL | 13 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1925–26 | Toronto St. Pats | NHL | 22 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1926–27 | New Haven Eagles | Can-Am | 22 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 48 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1927–28 | Philadelphia Arrows | Can-Am | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1928–29 | Philadelphia Arrows | Can-Am | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 1929–30 | New Haven Eagles | Can-Am | 40 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 59 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Can-Am totals | Can-Am totals | Can-Am totals | 72 | 11 | 5 | 16 | 121 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 53 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 34 | — | — | — | — | — |

## College Head Coaching Record

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall |
| Pennsylvania Quakers Independent (1928–1929) ||||||
| 1928–29 | Pennsylvania | 0–6–1 $^†$ |
| Pennsylvania: | Pennsylvania: | 0–6–1 |
| Total: | Total: | 0–6–1 |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
† Shay was replaced part way through the season.
# Norman Robert Campbell

Norman Robert Campbell (1880–1949) was an English physicist and philosopher of science.

## Early life

Norman Robert Campbell was born in 1880. He was the son of William Middleton Campbell, Governor of the Bank of England, and his wife Edith Agneta Bevan. He was educated at Eton College and at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1902.

## Career

Campbell became a fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1902. He was also a research assistant at the Cavendish Laboratory under the direction of J. J. Thomson. He became an honorary fellow in physics research at Leeds University in 1913.
During World War I Campbell was at the National Physical Laboratory, working under Clifford Paterson. They investigated spark discharge in internal combustion engines. He then worked from 1919 to 1944 as a member of the research staff at the Hirst Research Centre of the General Electric Company England, set up in Wembley Middlesex in 1919. While at Hirst Research he encouraged unqualified staff to further their scientific knowledge by the loan and gift of books used during his own studies.

## Works

Campbell's 1921 book, What Is Science?, was written with the professed aim of encouraging the study of science in the classes of the Workers' Educational Association. This book is a short introduction to the philosophy of science aimed at a lay audience. Other than attempting to answer the question raised in the title of the book, it tries to answer some of the central questions of the philosophy of science, such as "what is a law of nature?" and "what is measurement".
Other publications by Campbell include Modern Electrical Theory (1907 with supplementary chapters 1921-23), The Principles of Electricity (1912) and An Account of the Principles of Measurement and Calculation (1928). His most important work on the philosophy of science was his Physics: The Elements, published in 1919 (reissued by Dover as Foundations of Science: The Philosophy of Theory and Experiment in 1957). This work consists of the first two parts of a planned five-part work that was never completed. In this book Campbell developed his thesis that a critical analysis of science might not require any philosophy at all, but that an investigation of the meaning of reality and truth in science as opposed to metaphysics might be fruitful. Campbell believed that what might be considered "truth" in the realm of science might not be applicable at all in other fields.

## Views

Campbell had a particular regard for the ideas and teaching ability of Michael Faraday. He considered that the fundamental function of a scientific theory was to develop and explain laws, defined as uniformities discovered by hypothesis, observation and experiment and verifiable from experience. He also maintained that, to be useful, such laws should display some analogy to other known laws developed by the scientific method.

## Death

Campbell died in 1949.
# Norman Riley

Norman Riley may refer to:
* Norman Riley (cricketer) (1894–1960), Australian cricketer
* Norman Riley (professor), English professor
* Norman Denbigh Riley (1890–1979), British entomologist
# The Right Direction

The Right Direction is a 1916 American comedy silent film directed by E. Mason Hopper, written by Julia Crawford Ivers, and starring Vivian Martin, Colin Chase, Herbert Standing, Alfred Hollingsworth, Billy Mason and Baby Jack White. The film was released on December 21, 1916, by Paramount Pictures.

## Plot

It is a story of a little ragged girl that thinks she can walk to California in order that her little brother will get well. The many trials she goes through in getting to California with her four-year-old brother and a ragged dog.

## Cast

* Vivian Martin as Polly Eccles
* Colin Chase as Kirk Drummond
* Herbert Standing as John Drummond
* Alfred Hollingsworth as Big Bill
* Billy Mason as Harry Lockwood
* Baby Jack White as Billy Boy
* William Jefferson (actor) as Jack Marsh
# The Soho Society

The Soho Society is a community association for the London district of Soho.
It was founded in 1970 by local residents such as Bryan Burroughs and had over 1000 members. It campaigned against the domination of the area by sex shops and was successful in gaining the status of conservation area for the district. In 1978, it supported independent candidates for Westminster City Council to challenge the Conservative party's control of the council, as they were thought to be encouraging and exploiting the sex industry.
The society is a registered charity and a recognised amenity society for the City of Westminster. In 1976, it established the Soho Housing Association to manage 400 flats for residents of the area.
# Monoko-Zohi

Monoko-Zohi is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Dania, Vavoua Department, Haut-Sassandra Region, Sassandra-Marahoué District.
Monoko-Zohi was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
In 2002, Monoko-Zohi saw 120 unarmed civilians killed by government forces as part of the civil unrest in the country.
# Randolph Springs, Missouri

Randolph Springs is an unincorporated community in Randolph County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Randolph Springs was established in 1888, and remained in operation until 1902. The community took its name from a mineral spring near the original town site.
# The Old Cottage, Treadam, Llantilio Crossenny

The Old Cottage, in the hamlet of Treadam, some 2 km north-west of Llantilio Crossenny, Monmouthshire, is a country house dating from c.1600. The house is Grade II* listed.

## History

The Monmouthshire writer and artist Fred Hando, recording a visit to the Old Cottage made in the 1960s, notes a plaque above the door giving a construction date of "C 1600". The architectural historian John Newman gives tentative support to this date. The settlement of Treadam was "a sizeable medieval hamlet" and Hando suggests that it was the domain of one Adam, Tre-Adam meaning "the homestead of Adam", recorded as reeve to the Lordship of White Castle in 1256–57. The small group of buildings of which the Old Cottage is a part are all that remains of this medieval settlement. In the 19th century, when it formed part of the estate of Llantilio Court, the cottage was extended and converted to two dwellings. In the 20th century, it was converted back into a single home and an extension added to the rear. It remains a private house.

## Architecture and description

Fox and Raglan produced a sketch plan of the cottage in the second volume of their three-volume series Monmouthshire Houses. This shows the original two-room lay-out of the cottage. The cottage is constructed of Old Red Sandstone slabs, with a slate roof.
The large, centrally-placed, gable dates from the 17th century. The left-hand of the two doors in the main facade dates from the 19th century conversion into two dwellings. Internally, Hando records the "imposing oaken screen of studs and panels" which separate the ground floor into two apartments. Cadw records the Elizabethan mullion windows. Newman notes that the original house did not have an upper storey, "only a habitable roof space". The cottage is a Grade II* listed building, its designation recording it as a "rare and remarkably unaltered 16th century cottage".
# Rural (disambiguation)

A rural area is a geographic area that is located outside cities and towns.
Rural may also refer to:

## Places

* Rural, Indiana, an unincorporated community in Randolph County
* Rural, Ohio, an unincorporated community in Clermont County
* Rural, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community in Dayton, Waupaca County

## Arts, entertainment, and media

* Rural TV, a British television channel
* The Rural Channel, a Canadian television channel

## Other uses

* Feist v. Rural, a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States
* La Rural, an agricultural and livestock show in Buenos Aires, Argentina
* Universidad Rural, a school in Guatemala
# Tartan Pro Tour

The Tartan Pro Tour, currently titled as the Farmfoods Tartan Pro Tour for sponsorships reasons, is a series of developmental golf tournaments played in Scotland. The tour is open to both male and female professionals.

## History

The tour was founded and created by 1999 Open Champion Paul Lawrie in 2020. The tour was formed during the COVID-19 pandemic and was created to give UK-based professionals playing opportunities, especially as the PGA EuroPro Tour had cancelled its 2020 season.
In December 2022, it was announced that the Tartan Pro Tour and the Clutch Pro Tour would become official feeder tours to the Challenge Tour in place of the now-defunct PGA EuroPro Tour. The Tartan Pro Tour would offer Challenge Tour status to the leading player on the Order of Merit. In December 2023, it was confirmed that the Challenge Tour cards on offer from the Order of Merit would be increased to two for the 2024 season.
In May 2024, it was announced that the tour would be included into the Official World Golf Ranking with immediate affect, having undergone a 16-month application process.
Tartan Pro Tour tournaments are 54-hole events with 36-hole cuts to the top 30 plus ties.

## Order of Merit winners

| Year | Winner | Points |
| 2024 | Graeme Robertson | 28,792 |
| Year | Winner | Prize money (£) |
| 2023 | Rhys Thompson | 21,958 |
| 2022 | Jack McDonald | 15,903 |
| 2021 | Kieran Cantley | 17,146 |
| 2020 | Neil Fenwick | 10,111 |
# Zhangixalus melanoleucus

Zhangixalus melanoleucus, the Phou Samsoum tree frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Laos's Xiengkhouang Province. Scientists know it exclusively from its type locality, Phou Samsoum Mountain, but they believe it may also live in other mountainous provinces of Laos and Vietnam.
# Squatting in Algeria

In Algeria, the high cost of housing leads to informal settlements, many of which are on squatted land. Another factor causing squatting has been displacement, since during the Algerian War of 1954 until 1962 up to 2.5 million people were forcibly resettled. The Directorate for Planning and Construction (DUC) announced in 2007 that there were 3,612 buildings in more than 104 informal settlements across the province of Tizi Ouzou.
Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa head to Algeria and settle in informal settlements. Many gather at the southern city of Tamanrasset. Between 2016 and 2019, over 100 squats were destroyed in the neighbourhood of Gaat el Oued alone.
# The Unnatural World

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 79/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AbsolutePunk | 9.25/10 |
| Pitchfork Media | 7.8/10 |
| Unrecorded | 78/100 |
| theneedledrop | 8/10 |
The Unnatural World is the second studio album by American rock duo Have a Nice Life. It was released on February 4, 2014, via The Flenser and the band's own record label Enemies List Home Recordings. It is a follow-up to 2008's Deathconsciousness and 2010's Time of Land EP.
The band recorded the album from 2008 to 2012 "in various bedrooms" between Connecticut and Massachusetts, according to its liner notes. The tracks "Defenestration Song" and "Burial Society" premiered in December 2013 and January 2014, respectively. The full album was streamed by Pitchfork Media from January 20 to January 27, 2014.

## Tracks and musical style

Andrew Sacher and Wyatt Marshall of BrooklynVegan wrote that "the album falls somewhere between goth, noise, shoegaze and post-punk." They also described the album as "addictively melodic for such dark music."
Noisey Vice stated that the song "Burial Society" had "a Nine Inch Nails-meets-post-punk vibe," which "evidenced Have a Nice Life's leanings on the sonic dark side in the record. Lars Gotrich of NPR described the track "Defenestration Song" as "the kind of pitch-black, post-punk party-rocker that'd really turn up at any Goth Night dance." He also wrote: "A two-note guitar riff is barely heard above the dank din as warming feedback permeates the whole affair, like the kind that lulls you to sleep just before an icy death" while comparing the song's rhythm and distorted bass line to the works of the gothic rock pioneers Bauhaus.
Of the track "Dan and Tim, Reunited by Fate", Tiny Mix Tapes wrote that "the pair cherrypick tropes from a number of bleak traditions: reverb-drenched industrial beats; doom-metal sludge; shoegaze drones conjured from effects pedals; post-punk bass chuggery; a plaintive piano+static post-rock crescendo." Tiny Mix Tapes also wrote that the band holds this genre palette together "by matching its compositional ambitions with idiosyncratic recording and production techniques."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Dan Barrett and Tim Macuga

## Personnel
### Have a Nice Life

* Dan Barrett - performance, writing
* Tim Macuga - performance, writing

### Production

* Kevin Blackler - mastering
# Wonder Future

Wonder Future is the eighth studio album by Japanese rock band Asian Kung-Fu Generation, released on May 27, 2015, through Sony Music subsidiary Ki/oon Music. The album is the first by the band to not feature art by artist Yusuke Nakamura.

## Release

The album was released on May 27, 2015, in Japan. The album was followed by two tours, one through Japan and one through Europe. The song "Easter" was released as a single earlier in the year. In addition, the song "Standard" was included on the band's Nano-Mugen Compilation 2014 and used for Nikon 1 J4 commercial song. The song "Planet of the Apes" was used as the theme song for the show Replay & Destroy.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Masafumi Gotoh, tracks 2, 3, 7, and 11 are co-written by other band members

## Personnel

Adapted from the album liner notes.

## Chart positions

| Chart (2015) | Peak position | Weeks on charts | Sales |
| Oricon | 4 | 14 | 45 611 (physical) |
# Wood betony

Wood betony is the common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Pedicularis canadensis in the family Orobanchaceae
* Betonica officinalis, formerly known as Stachys officinalis, in the family Lamiaceae
# Wood buffalo

A wood buffalo is another name for a wood bison.
Wood buffalo may also refer to:
* Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo, a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada
* Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, a specialized municipality in northern Alberta, Canada
* Wood Buffalo National Park, a bison reserve in Alberta and Northwest Territories, Canada
# Ruthven Road railway station

Ruthven Road railway station served Ruthven House and the village of Ruthvenfield in Perthshire, Scotland, from 1859 to 1951 on the Perth, Almond Valley and Methven Railway.

## History

The station opened as Ruthven Road Crossing in May 1859 by the Perth, Almond Valley and Methven Railway. Its name was changed to Ruthven Road in December 1938. It closed on 1 October 1951.
# Ruyuan

Ruyuan may refer to:
* Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, in Guangdong, China
* Ruyuan (abbess) (died 775), Tang dynasty abbess
# Woodburn Shire

Woodburn Shire was a local government area in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.
Woodburn Shire was proclaimed on 7 March 1906, one of 134 shires created after the passing of the Local Government (Shires) Act 1905. It absorbed the Municipality of Coraki on 1 January 1934.
The shire offices were in Coraki. Other towns and villages in the shire included Broadwater, Evans Head and Woodburn.
In 1961 the population of Woodbury Shire was 4002.
Woodburn Shire was abolished and amalgamated with part of Tomki Shire to form Richmond River Shire on 1 January 1976.
# Woodville, Surry County, North Carolina

Woodville in an unincorporated community located in the Westfield Township of northeast Surry County, North Carolina, United States, near Big Creek. The main thoroughfare through the community is North Carolina Highway 89 (Westfield Road).
# Ruth Frankel

Ruth Hartman Frankel, CC (c. 1903 – 3 November 1989) was honoured as a Companion of the Order of Canada in 1969 due to her work for the Canadian Cancer Society.
Frankel was born Ruth Lorley Hartman, in Chicago, Illinois where she was a student at the Kenwood Loring School for Girls and University High School. She studied liberal arts at the University of Illinois and law at the University of Chicago. She emigrated to Canada in 1925 when she married Egmont Leo Frankel (d. 1964). She died in Toronto, predeceased by one of her three children.
Frankel was active with the Canadian Cancer Society in the late 1940s. In 1950, she founded the Toronto chapter of the Canadian Cancer Society. Subsequently, she worked towards the creation of a lodge at the Princess Margaret Hospital, a facility specialising in cancer treatment. She is also the author of the book Three Cheers for Volunteers (1965, Clarke Irwin).
In early 1954, Ontario provincial law was changed to permit Frankel to become the first woman to join the Board of Governors for the Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation.
The Ruth Hartman Frankel Humanitarian Award was established by the society to honour those who have supported research into cancer. Isadore Sharp was the first recipient on 25 September 1983 for his support for Terry Fox and subsequent Terry Fox Run campaigns. However, as of May 2006, Internet searches that included the Canadian Cancer Society website have not yet found any cases where this award was presented after 1983.
In 1985, Frankel was given an honorary fellowship by Ryerson Polytechnical Institute (now Toronto Metropolitan University).