OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Åsa Beckman

Åsa Beckman (born 1961) is a Swedish literary critic. She writes for the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter and was editor of the literary magazine Bonniers Litterära Magasin from 1987 to 1990.

## Works

* Jag själv ett hus av ljus, Albert Bonniers förlag 2002

## Awards

* Gerard Bonniers essäpris (essay award), 2003
# Saitoella

Saitoella is a genus of two species of yeast in the family Protomycetaceae.
The genus was circumscribed by Shoji Goto, Junta Sugiyama, Makiko Hamamoto and Kazuo Komagata in J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., Tokyo vol.33 (1)on page 76 in 1987.
The genus name of Ripartitella is in honour of Kendo Saito (1878–1960), who was a Japanese botanist (Mycology and Lichenology), Microbiologist and Professor from the Osaka University.
The type species, Saitoella complicata, originally isolated from Himalayan soil, had its genome sequenced. The genus is named after professor Kendo Saito for his contributions to the taxonomy of the genus Rhodotorula. A second species, Saitoella coloradoensis, isolated from insect frass found on Engelmann spruce in Colorado, was described as new in 2012.
# Nehtaur

Nehtaur is a city, near Bijnor city in Bijnor district in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Nehtaur is an ancient and well known town because of its culture and educational backgrounds. Nehtaur Town was established by the Taga Minister family of Ajmer state when they came from Ranthambhor, Rajasthan after it was captured by Qutubuddin Aibak and the place was called Nai+thour = NEHTAUR (New Abode). This is how Nehtaur derived its name [Ref. Book-History of Islam in India].
During the British period also, Tyagi/Taga (called Chaudhary, Hindu & Muslim) & Syed were the main Jageerdar (estate) and Nehtaur became upper class community hub. Syed and Tyagi dominated town and both community hold the entire economy. During that time, Nehtaur was a very famous town in the state because of its higher educational status and its many people were graduates. Its Sanskrit pathshalas and Arabic madrasas were famous in the region [1]
When India was under British administration only Nehtaur had its own administration called the "Bara Topi Sarkar" 12 prominent and educated personalities belonging to the Syed community who were running their own Government completely independent from the British.
When Sir Syed Ahmad Khan visited Nehtaur and asked the zamindars for their support and donation for Aligarh College. He was impressed by the town and its citizens due to their positive response and called the town as "Danishmand" or wise.

## Geography

Nehtaur is located at 29°20′N 78°23′E﻿ / ﻿29.33°N 78.38°E﻿ / 29.33; 78.38. It is situated at an altitude of 728 meters above sea level. Operated by Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC), Nehtaur Bus Station is a minor bus terminal and connects the town to state highway. Regular buses ply from Nehtaur to Dhampur, Bijnor, Nagina, Nurpur, Haldaur and Afzalpur. Also, the station provides short-distance services to nearby places. The nearest railway station is Dhampur and Haldaur Railway Station and the nearest airport is Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Nehtaur had a population of 44,301. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Nehtaur has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 65%. In Nehtaur, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Economics

Nehtaur is famous for Mango & Cotton industries as well as transport Truck Business. its rich culture and harmony. It also has the highest selling Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited petrol pump of the area.
# Ronald Binny

Ronald Alexander William Binny (20 November 1910 – 24 May 1979) was an English first-class cricketer and an officer in the British Indian Army, and later the Royal Auxiliary Air Force.
Binny was born prematurely at Formby in November 1910. He was educated at The King's School, Canterbury, before attending the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Binny graduated from there onto the unattached list of the British Indian Army as a second lieutenant in January 1930. He made his debut in first-class cricket in India for the Roshanara Club against the Viceroy's XI at Delhi in February 1932. Promotion to lieutenant followed in April 1932, with promotion to captain in August 1938. He made a second appearance in first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against The Rest at Bombay in the final of the 1940–41 Bombay Pentangular. In two first-class appearances, Binny scored 15 runs with a highest score of 9, whilst going wicketless from thirteen overs.
Binny fought in the Second World War with the 9th Jat Regiment. Following the war, he was promoted to major in January 1947, before retiring in August of the following year and being granted the rank of colonel. After his retirement from the British Indian Army, he joined the Royal Auxiliary Air Force as a flight lieutenant in Aircraft Control Branch in March 1949. He was transferred to the Fighter Control Branch in July of the same year, before joining the reserve in March 1954. Binny died at Barnstaple in May 1979.
# Potomac Institute for Policy Studies

The Potomac Institute for Policy Studies is an independent, 501(c)(3), not-for-profit public policy research institute located in Arlington, Virginia. The institute was founded in 1994 (30 years ago) (1994), shortly after the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) was disbanded, with the intent to assume some of the functions formerly performed by OTA.
The Institute focuses on science, technology and national security issues, and describes its mission as the facilitation of non-partisan discussion and debate with the goal of informing public policy. The institute has provided support to the US Congress, the White House, the Department of the Navy, the US Air Force, the National Science Foundation, DARPA, the Department of Homeland Security, other government agencies and private industry.

## Organization

Institute leadership includes co-founder, chairman and CEO Michael Swetnam, a former Special Consultant to President George H. W. Bush's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board and current member of the Technical Advisory Group to the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. The institute's Board of Regents is led by General Alfred M. Gray, USMC (Ret.), 29th Commandant of the Marine Corps. Timothy R. Sample is co-founder and the first President.
The institute currently includes four Divisions: Policy Research, Strategy & Planning, Concepts & Analyses, and the Center for Emerging Threats and Opportunities (CETO) at the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory, Quantico, VA, which serves as an internal Marine Corps think tank. It also hosts Academic Centers, which currently include its Center for Neurotechnology Studies (CNS), Center for Revolutionary Scientific Thought (CReST), Potomac Institute Cyber Center (PICC) and International Center for Terrorism Studies (ICTS). Areas of focus include policy implications of science and technology; science and technology forecasting and trends; terrorism and asymmetry; national health policies; national security; and ethical, legal and social issues in new technology.

## Awards

The institute is also the sponsor of the Navigator Awards, honoring science and technology innovators. 2010 Navigator Awards winners included Dr. Gerald Edelman, 1972 Nobel laureate and president of The Neurosciences Institute, and Elon Musk, co-founder of PayPal, SpaceX, and Tesla Motors.
# St Oswald's Way

St. Oswald’s Way is a long-distance walking route, exploring some of the landscapes and history of Northumberland, England’s most northerly county.
There are castles, coastline, islands, river valleys, hills, villages, forest and farmland on the walk.
From Holy Island (Lindisfarne) in the north, St. Oswald’s Way follows the Northumbrian coast south to Warkworth, before heading inland to Hadrian's Wall and Heavenfield, a distance of 97 miles (156 km). Between the landward end of the Holy Island causeway and Warkworth the route coincides with the Northumberland Coast Path.
The route was launched in 2006 and links some of the places associated with St. Oswald, the king of Northumbria in the early seventh-century, who played a major part in bringing Christianity to his people. The route leads from Bamburgh Castle to the site of the Battle of Heavenfield near Chollerford, passing through Alnmouth, Felton, and Rothbury.
# Salah Al-Humaidi

Salah Al-Humaidi (born 1 December 1974) is a Yemeni judoka, he competed internationally for Yemen at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

## Career

Al-Humaidi was just 17 years old when he competed in the 60kg division at the 1992 Summer Olympics, he was drawn against Frenchman Philippe Pradayrol in round 32 in which he lost so didn't advance to the next round.
# Padanian Union

The Padanian Union (Unione Padana, UP) is a Padanist and separatist political party active in Lombardy, Italy.
The party emerged in November 2011 by the merger of Lega Padana Lombardia, led by Roberto Bernardelli and Giulio Arrighini, and other groups of Padanists led by Francesco Formenti and Giovanni Ongaro. All four politicians had been deputies of Lega Lombarda–Lega Nord in the 1990s.
The first congress of the party was attended by leading Padanists such as Giancarlo Pagliarini, Gilberto Oneto, Gianluca Marchi and Leonardo Facco.
As soon as in March 2012 the provincial wing of Bergamo, led by Ongaro, split and formed the Alpine Padanian Union (UPA). In May 2013 the Padanian Union joined a new organization: Lombard Independence (Indipendenza Lombarda).
The following year, in April 2014, Bernardelli was arrested, along with a group of Venetian separatists (including Franco Rocchetta, leading members of the Venetian Most Serene Government and the European Federalist Free Entrepreneurs), for suspected crimes including criminal association for terrorism and subversion of the democratic order. Bernardelli was released on 18 April, along with Rocchetta and most of the others, as the tribunal of Brescia did not uphold the accusations.

## Leadership

* Secretary: Giulio Arrighini (2011–2013)
* President: Roberto Bernardelli (2011–2013)
# Åsa Elfving

Åsa Elfving (born 1 February 1970) is a Swedish former ice hockey player for the Swedish national team.

## Career

Growing up, Elfving supported Modo Hockey, where she would play youth hockey. She would spend a year on exchange at Northfield Mount Hermon School in the US, where she was able to practice hockey more regularly.
She was named to Team Sweden for the first-ever IHF Women's World Championship in 1990, where she would put up 3 assists in 5 games, including an assist on the first-ever goal scored in the tournament. She would appear again for the country at the IIHF World Women's Championship in 1992, 1994, and 1997.
In 1991, she signed with Nacka HK, as she was studying medicine at the Karolinska Institute. She became noted there for her powerful slapshot. The team would win the national championship 8 times in 9 years during the 1990s.
She captained Sweden in the women's tournament at the 1998 Winter Olympics, as the country finished in 5th. She would only put up 1 point in 5 games.
She would retire after the Olympics, having played a total of 83 for Sweden.

## Post-playing career

She would serve as team manager for Sweden in the 2000 IIHF World Women's Championship, as the team finished in fourth. Outside of hockey, she is an orthopedic surgeon, a career she entered after her mother died from leukemia in her last year of high school. She has also served as a team doctor for the Swedish national team.
# Sakhavu

Sakhavu (Malayalam "comrade") may refer to these Indian Malayalam-language films:
* Sakhavu (1986 film)
* Sakhavu (2017 film)
# SS Mariposa (1883)

SS Mariposa was a steam passenger and cargo liner which served in the Pacific Ocean from 1883 to 1917.

## History

Mariposa was an iron ship built in 1883 in Philadelphia by the William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company. It was of 3,000 gross register tons and was built for the Oceanic Steamship Company, which had been founded in 1881 by John D. Spreckels & Brothers to provide passenger and cargo service between San Francisco and Honolulu, Hawaii. Later their service was extended to include Australia and New Zealand.
The ship was sold in 1912 to the Alaska Steamship Company, but not renamed.
On her final voyage she rescued the crew of Mahattan that was wrecked on 15 November. Mariposa in turn was wrecked on 18 November before making port and everyone had to be rescued after she sank after hitting a Straits Island reef off the coast of British Columbia. There are erroneous reports that she was wrecked on 18 December 1917, even on the Wrecksite.com page that shows newspaper article about salvage efforts being halted on 2 December. Her cargo, donkey engine and other machinery were salvaged.
In 1926 the Oceanic Steamship Company was bought out by the Matson Line of which it became a subsidiary.

## Famous passengers

* Marianne Cope, a missionary Religious Sister, was the leader of a small group of Franciscan Sisters who sailed to Hawaii on this ship at the request of the King of Hawaii to provide medical care for the lepers of the country. She and Sister Leopoldina Burns and their companions arrived in Honolulu on November 8, 1883, and she spent the rest of her life in this service, dying on the island of Molokai in 1918. She was declared a saint by the Catholic Church in 2012 for her heroic and holy life of service and self-sacrifice. She is also honored as a saint by the Episcopal Church.
* King O'Malley arrived in Sydney aboard the Mariposa in late July 1888, travelling from San Francisco via Hawaii. He left the U.S. to escape embezzlement allegations. In Australia he became a member of the inaugural federal parliament and served two terms as a cabinet minister.
* Sarah Bernhardt, French actress. In August 1891 the Sarah Bernhardt Company passed through Auckland on the Mariposa en route from Sydney to Honolulu.
* Jessie Ackermann was the much-travelled delegate of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union who left Sydney on the Mariposa on 20 March 1893 to return to America.
* Jack London and his wife, the writer Charmian London, traveled from Papeete to San Francisco and back in January and February, 1908.
* William Priestly MacIntosh left Sydney in the Mariposa in April 1898 on the first leg of a journey to Italy where he was going to supervise the roughing out of the marble sculptures for the Queen Victoria Building.
* Victor Segalen, a French Navy Doctor, who later became famous as an ethnographer, writer and poet, boarded the SS Mariposa in San Francisco in January 1903 to travel to Tahiti for an assignment on a French Navy ship.
# Ronnie Brown (footballer)

Ronald E. Brown (born 26 December 1944) is an English retired footballer who played for Blackpool, Plymouth Argyle and Bradford City. He was born in Sunderland.
# Penny board

A Penny board is a type of skateboard that is characterized by a short and narrow plastic deck. Although such skateboards were first manufactured during the 1970s, their name and contemporary popularity come from the Australian brand Penny Skateboards, founded in 2010. The company's name has since been widely genericized to describe all small plastic skateboards.

## History

The first line of plastic skateboards was launched in the 1970s by Larry Stevenson for his Makaha brand. Greentech also began to manufacture plastic skateboards. These plastic skateboards were widely popular during the early 1970s, although the era's professional skaters still shunned them in favor of wooden boards. By 1978, laminated wooden decks had become the industry standard.
Ben Mackay created the Penny board in 2010, from which the brand Penny Skateboards was born. MacKay named the brand for his sister, Penny. The idea behind the creation of the company was inspired by Mackay's first-ever skateboard, a small plastic cruiser that his father bought for him at a garage sale.
Ben Mackay first started manufacturing and designing his own skateboards to sell to local skate shops. Mackay began experimenting with different shapes and types of boards. He used a variety of materials, such as fiberglass and carbon inserts, as an alternative to timber.
By 2015, the Absolute Board Company was providing 36% of the market of boards under 34 inches.

## Characteristics

Penny boards are distinguished by a plastic deck. Different parts of the Penny board structure are available in a variety of colors and designs. They are sold in five different deck sizes: The 22 in (55.9 cm) Penny, 27 in (68.6 cm) Nickel, 29 in (73.7 cm) Surf Skate, 32 in (81.3 cm) Cruiser, and 36 in (91.4 cm) Longboard. Customers can also buy each component of the board individually.
* Deck: Penny skateboard decks are made of plastic (polycarbonate) and feature a non-slip "waffle top" texture.
* Grip tape: Grip tape is offered for 22" and 27" models.
* Trucks: Penny trucks are made from cast aluminum.
* Wheels: Penny board wheels are made from Polyurethane, with a plastic core. The wheels on 22-inch (55.9 cm) and 27-inch (68.6 cm) Penny boards have a diameter of 59 mm (2.323 inches), while Penny longboard wheels have a larger diameter of 69 mm (2.717 inches). All Penny wheels are rated at 83A.
The Nickel skateboard is five inches larger than the Penny board and is suited for beginners because of its larger deck, but still remains lightweight due to its plastic design. Both the Penny board and the Nickel board are lighter than a regular wooden skateboard.

## Reviews

The Skater Oscar Candon complained that "you can’t even ollie up a curb" with a Penny board. According to the skateboarding historian Craig Snyder, plastic is not a popular board component among the skateboarding community.
# Sam Whiteman

Sam Whiteman may refer to:
* Sam Whiteman (American football) (1901–?), American football player for the Chicago Bulls
* Sam Whiteman (Australian cricketer) (born 1992), Australian cricketer for Western Australia
* Sam Whiteman (New Zealand cricketer) (born 1982), New Zealand cricketer for Auckland
# Threaded pipe

A threaded pipe is a pipe with screw-threaded ends for assembly.

## Tapered threads

The threaded pipes used in some plumbing installations for the delivery of gases or liquids under pressure have a tapered thread that is slightly conical (in contrast to the parallel sided cylindrical section commonly found on bolts and leadscrews). The seal provided by a threaded pipe joint depends upon multiple factors: the labyrinth seal created by the threads; a positive seal between the threads created by thread deformation when they are tightened to the proper torque; and sometimes on the presence of a sealing coating, such as thread seal tape or a liquid or paste pipe sealant such as pipe dope. Tapered thread joints typically do not include a gasket.
Especially precise threads are known as "dry fit" or "dry seal" and require no sealant for a gas-tight seal. Such threads are needed where the sealant would contaminate or react with the media inside the piping, e.g., oxygen service.
Tapered threaded fittings are sometimes used on plastic piping. Due to the wedging effect of the tapered thread, extreme care must be used to avoid overtightening the joint. The overstressed female fitting may split days, weeks, or even years after initial installation. Therefore many municipal plumbing codes restrict the use of threaded plastic pipe fittings.
Both British standard and National pipe thread standards specify a thread taper of 1:16; the change in diameter is one sixteenth the distance travelled along the thread. The nominal diameter is achieved some small distance (the "gauge length") from the end of the pipe.

## Straight threads

Pipes may also be threaded with cylindrical threaded sections, in which case the threads do not themselves provide any sealing function other than some labyrinth seal effect, which may not be enough to satisfy either functional or code requirements. Instead, an O-ring seated between the shoulder of the male pipe section and an interior surface on the female, provides the seal.
# Palau Horizon

The Palau Horizon is a newspaper headquartered in Koror, Palau. The newspaper was launched in Palau in 1998 and had a circulation of approximately 8,000 readers in 2008. The newspaper is a sister publication of the larger Marianas Variety News & Views.
# Óčko Star

Óčko Star (formerly Óčko Gold) is a Czech music television channel that started broadcasting on 1 June 2013.

## History

The MAFRA company (the owner of the Óčko station) wanted to launch a second channel. Two variants of the name were prepared: Óčko Retro and Óčko Hity.
MAFRA chose Óčko Hity and applied for a license, which it received. After obtaining the license, it was decided that Óčko Hity would be renamed Óčko Gold.
From 1 October 2017 the station changed its name to Óčko Star.

## Availability

Óčko Star broadcasts in DVB-T2 Multiplex 22 of Czech Radiocommunications, on cable TV and via live broadcast on the Internet. It also broadcasts on satellite on the Skylink platform.

## Characteristics

Óčko Star focuses on the biggest hits from the 80s to the present day. The program is aimed at men and women from 25 to 45 years old. It brings home and world hits, time-tested compositions. The profile stars of ÓČKO STAR are global and domestic idols such as Robbie Williams, Michael Jackson, Adele, Madonna, Rihanna, Pink, U2, Coldplay, Chinaski, Kryštof, Lucie, No Name, Ewa Farna, Richard Müller and others.
# Neutral Farm Pit, Butley

Neutral Farm Pit, Butley is a 1.1-hectare (2.7-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Butley, east of Woodbridge in Suffolk. It is a Geological Conservation Review site, and is in the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
This is described by Natural England as a classic site in the study of the Early Pleistocene in East Anglia. It was used by the nineteenth-century geologist Frederick W. Harmer to define his Butley division of the Red Crag Formation, and it has many fossils of marine molluscs.
There is access to the site from Mill Lane.
# Remus Opreanu

Remus Opreanu (September 22, 1844 – October 23, 1908) was a Romanian jurist and politician.
After studying for a year at the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Law, he continued in 1865 at the University of Paris, obtaining an undergraduate degree in Law the following years. He then studied Philology at Pisa, Florence, Rome and Naples, obtaining a Doctor of Letters in 1869.
Returning to Romania, he was prosecutor and then attorney at the Prahova County tribunal, a judge in Brăila, prosecutor in Focșani, and judge and general prosecutor at the Craiova court in 1873. In 1876, he was Prefect of Putna County, becoming general prosecutor at the Bucharest appeals court later that year.
In November 1878, following Romania's acquisition of Northern Dobruja, he was named prefect of the Constanța district, becoming the first prefect there under the new administration. In May 1881 he was also named prefect of Tulcea County, rendering him prefect over all Northern Dobruja. While in the province, he drafted and applied the law for its organisation, and pushed for the erection of Ovid's statue in Constanța.
He resigned in September 1881, moving to Bucharest. Later, he was elected to the Assembly of Deputies and to the Senate for Ialomița County, also working as an adviser to the High Court of Cassation and Justice.
# Rookley

Rookley is a village and civil parish on the Isle of Wight. It is located five kilometres south of Newport near the centre of the island.
It has a country park on the site of the last working Isle of Wight brickworks. There is a pub at the country park and another, the "Chequers", a short distance from the village. The latter was the centre of the island's smuggling trade in the 18th century.
Southern Vectis bus route 3 serves the village on its way between Newport, Ventnor, Shanklin, Sandown and Ryde, including intermediate villages.
The Village Association Playing Field and Village Hall are in Highwood Lane. They are available for hire via the website. Gardening Galore is a popular event held annually.