OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Usurpation of Qi by Tian

The usurpation of Qi by Tian (Chinese: 田氏代齊) was the deposition of the Jiang (姜) clan as rulers of the state of Qi, and their replacement by members of the Tian (田) clan. That occurred as a series of events between 481 and 379 BCE through which the Tian clan cemented its position as the leading family in Qi.
The final acts of the usurpation (391–379 BCE), in conjunction with the Partition of Jin (453 BCE or 403 BCE), mark the transition from the Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period.
The Tian clan continued to use the name "Qi" for its realm after the usurpation. For historiographical purposes, pre-usurpation Qi is referred to as "Jiang Qi" (姜齊), and post-usurpation Qi is referred to as "Tian Qi" (田齊).

## Background

Qi was originally ruled by the Jiang clan, the descendants of Jiang Ziya. In 672 BCE, Prince Chen Wan of the State of Chen fled to Qi following political unrest in his native state and became the progenitor of the Chen clan of Qi, which was later known as Tian. By 545 BCE, the Tian clan was one of the strongest families in Qi. Tian Huanzi, in conjunction with other prominent families, eliminated the Qing clan (慶氏), the Luan clan (欒氏), and the Gao clan (高氏).
At the same time, the Tian clan also sought the support of the minor Qi aristocrats and the Qi populace. Tian Huanzi granted fiefdoms to the Qi aristocrats who were not granted lands and took steps to demonstrate his charity by providing food relief to the poor. His successor, Tian Xizi, garnered additional support through providing low-interest loans to the peasants. At the same time, the Dukes of Qi were seen as venal and corrupt and so support for the Tian clan thus gradually overshadowed support for the Jiang clan.

## Usurpation

In 489 BCE, Duke Jing of Qi died. The major cadet branches of the Jiang clan, the Guo clan (國氏) and the Gao clan (高氏) supported the accession of Prince Tu to the throne. On the other hand, Tian Xizi supported Prince Yangsheng, expelled the Guo and Gao clans and then installed Yangsheng on the throne as Duke Dao of Qi, with Tian Xizi himself as Prime Minister. Then, the Tian clan's status was paramount in Qi.
In 481 BCE, Tian Xizi's successor Tian Chengzi killed Duke Jian of Qi (and possibly also his father Duke Dao of Qi in 485 BCE), as well as numerous members of the Jiang clan. He then installed Duke Jian's brother, Duke Ping of Qi to the throne. Then, the Tian clan became the de facto rulers of Qi.
In 391 BCE, Tian Xizi's great-great-grandson Tian He deposed Duke Kang of Qi. However, Tian He did not install a new leader this time; Qi therefore was in interregnum between 391 and 386 BCE.
In 386 BCE, Tian He exiled the former Duke Kang onto a small island in the sea and declared himself Duke. In the same year, the Zhou court formally recognized Tian He's new position as Duke and legitimized the rule of the Tian clan over Qi.
In 379 BCE, the former Duke Kang died, thus ending a line that stretched back to the beginning of the Zhou dynasty. The Tian clan's hold on Qi would continue until the state was conquered by Qin in 221 BCE.
# Panzi

Panzi (b. Thom Hansen in 1953) is an American gay activist.

## Education and career

Hansen was educated at Pace University, where he studied business and accounting; thereafter he began working as a financial analyst, a business manager in the textile industry and an actor. He went on to establish his own real estate management firm which he ran for 10 years and is currently a vice president in the International Division of a major direct marketing firm. Hansen is openly gay and has been involved in the LGBT community since the early 1970s.

## Imperial Court System

Panzi joined the Imperial Court of New York in 1993 and was elected to serve as its Empress XII "The Empress of Loyalty and Laughter" between 1998–99 and President of the Board of Directors from 2003 to 2006. Panzi also served as the Executive Secretary on the International Court Council, which oversees over 70 local Imperial Courts in the United States, Canada and Mexico from 1997 to 2007. In August 2007 he was elected President of the Council at the Hamilton-Wentworth, Canada meeting of the International Court Council.

## LGBT activities

Since the early 1970s, Thom (Panzi) has been an LGBT activist with various organizations including the Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee (known as Heritage of Pride today); GMHC and the Arts Project of Cherry Grove. In the early 1990s, Thom was the executive director of the Community Research Initiative (an HIV/AIDS Research Organization). He also has participated in almost every March on Washington, D.C. and most demonstrations in New York City. Panzi continues to raise money for the LGBT community.

## Film and television

Panzi has appeared in several films, several Off-Broadway Shows and most notably on Cable Television, as the wacky neighbor, Mary Ellen on the Brini Maxwell Show.
The Panzi Invasion (2016) (watch now)
# Vicenistatin

Vicenistatin is a macrolactam antibiotic synthesized by Streptomyces halstedii HC34. It was originally isolated from this bacterium in 1993. It includes the unusual starter unit methylaspartate.
# Stortverråtinden

Stortverråtinden is a mountain in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,949-metre (6,394 ft) tall mountain lies within Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the village of Lesja. The mountain Vesltverråtinden immediately to the southwest of this mountain. The mountain is surrounded by several other mountains including Sjongshøi which is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southwest, Hatten which is about 9.5 kilometres (5.9 mi) to the south, Mjogsjøhøi and Mjogsjøoksli which are about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the southeast, Svånåtindene which lies about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the east, Drugshøi which lies about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the northeast, Lågvasstinden which lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the north, and Høgtunga which is about 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) to the west.
# Toulal

Toulal is a town and municipality in Meknès Prefecture of the Fès-Meknès region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 13,852 people living in 2896 households.
# Tricholoma roseoacerbum

Tricholoma roseoacerbum is an agaric fungus of the genus Tricholoma. The species was first described by Italian mycologist Alfredo Riva in 1979 as Tricholoma pseudoimbricatum var. roseobrunneum, but that name competed with an older homonym, William Murrill's 1913 Tricholoma roseobrunneum. Riva published the species with a new replacement name in 1984. T. roseoacerbum is found in Europe and northeastern North America. The specific epithet roseoacerbum alludes to the rosy colouration in its cap, and overall resemblance to T. acerbum. This species is probably conspecific with Tricholoma radotinense Pilát & Charvát (1959).
# Prototrachia sedula

Prototrachia sedula is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Australia.
# Neck and Neck (film)

Neck and Neck is a 1931 American pre-Code drama film directed by Richard Thorpe from a script by Betty Burbridge and starring Glenn Tryon, Vera Reynolds and Walter Brennan.

## Cast

* Glenn Tryon as Bill Grant
* Vera Reynolds as Norma Rickson
* Walter Brennan as Hector
* Lafe McKee as Colonel Rickson
* Carroll Nye as Frank Douglas
* Stepin Fetchit as The hustler
* Lloyd Whitlock as Bookie
* Fern Emmett as Aunt Susan
* Rosita Butler as Crystal
# Pterolophia palauana

Pterolophia palauana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Masaki Matsushita in 1935.
# Q16

Q-16 or Q16 may refer to:
* Q16 (New York City bus), a bus route in Queens
* An-Nahl, the sixteenth surah of the Quran
* French submarine Protée (Q16), a Naïade-class submarine
* Q$_{16}$, a generalized quaternion group
# Solomon Kimhi

Solomon Kimhi was a Turkish rabbinical author who lived at Constantinople in the middle of the nineteenth century. In 1862 he published Meleket Shelomoh, in which he tried to prove that the Karaites are animals, that it is forbidden to teach them the Law, and that it is permitted to kill them. When the Karaites protested, the chief rabbi of Constantinople commanded that all the copies of the work which could be found should be burned. Kimhi wrote two other works: Yahel Shelomoh (Smyrna, 1870) and Yeme Shelomoh (Salonica, 1874).
# Poecilasthena urarcha

Poecilasthena urarcha is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Australia, including Tasmania.
# Stow-on-the-Wold railway station

Stow-on-the-Wold railway station was a station on the Great Western Railway's Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway that opened in 1881. Situated about one and a half miles to the south the station served the Gloucestershire town of Stow-on-the-Wold and its surrounding villages. The station passed on to the Western Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. It was then closed by the British Transport Commission.

## Stationmasters

* George Tibbs until 1900
* James Dowler 1900 - 1923 (formerly station master at Notgrove)
* G.J. Fifield 1923 - 1932 (formerly station master at Broadway)
* E.G. Unitt from 1932 (formerly station master at Awre)
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Bourton-on-the-Water Line and station closed | Great Western Railway Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway | Kingham Line closed, station open |
| Bourton-on-the-Water Line and station closed | Great Western Railway Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway | Sarsden Halt Line and station closed |
# Toula ou Le génie des eaux

Toula ou Le génie des eaux is a 1973 drama film directed by Moustapha Alassane.

## Synopsis

The gods have cursed the country with a drought. There seems to be no hope. A holy man summoned by the king demands the sacrifice of a young woman to appease to the gods. Toula is chosen to be sacrificed. A young man in love who is in love with Toula goes in search of water to save his beloved from her fate, but when he returns with good news, he finds that he is too late: Toula has already disappeared in the holy swamp and the gods have been thus appeased.
Moustapha Alassane tackles the issue of the drought in Niger through a traditional story. The film was forbidden for some time in Niger.
Based on a Boubou Hama novel.

## Festivals

* Semaine de la solidarieté international, France (2011)
* 15th Film Festival of Kerala, India (2010)
* Paris Cinéma, France (2005)
* FCAT - Festival de Cine Africano, Spain (2005)

## Awards

* Sidney Award's, 1st American Black Film Festival, U.S.A. (1977)
# Tricholoma primulibrunneum

Tricholoma primulibrunneum is an agaric fungus of the genus Tricholoma. Found in Sabah, Malaysia, where it grows on humus in Agathis forest, it was described as new to science in 1994 by English mycologist E.J.H. Corner.
# Pseudargyra

Pseudargyra is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It includes four species endemic to Chile.

## Species

* Pseudargyra cornuta Van Duzee, 1930
* Pseudargyra fuscipennis Van Duzee, 1930
* Pseudargyra magnicornis (Van Duzee, 1930)
* Pseudargyra tarsalis (Van Duzee, 1930)
# Neck frill

A neck frill is the relatively extensive margin seen on the back of the heads of reptiles with either a bony support such as those present on the skulls of dinosaurs of the suborder Marginocephalia or a cartilaginous one as in the frill-necked lizard.
In technical terms, the bone-supported frill is composed of an enlarged parietal bone flanked by elongated squamosals and sometimes ringed by epoccipitals, bony knobs that gave the margin a jagged appearance. In the early 1900s, the parietal bone was known among paleontologists as the dermosupraoccipital. The feature is now referred to as the parietosquamosal frill. In some genera, such as Triceratops, Pentaceratops, Centrosaurus and Torosaurus, this extension is very large. Despite the neck frill predominantly being made of hard bone, some neck frills are made of skin, as is the case with the frill-necked lizard of today that resides in Australia. The use of the neck frill in dinosaurs is uncertain; it may have been used for thermoregulation or simply as a defense mechanism. Indeed, during battles for territory, competing Triceratops crashed heads together with their elongated horns and the neck frill may have been employed as a kind of shield, protecting the rest of the animal from harm.
Usage of the neck frill in modern reptiles is better documented. Two chief and disparate examples are the horned lizards (genus Phrynosoma) with a bony frill, and the frill-necked lizard (genus Chlamydosaurus) with a cartilaginous frill. The frill-necked lizard's frill is mainly made up of flaps of skin, which are usually coloured pink, supported by cartilaginous spines. Frill-necked lizards puff out these neck frills on either side of its head when threatened. The lizards often raise their frills when battling for territory or when coming into contact with another lizard, especially during mating season. Acoustic measurements from the frill-necked lizard suggest that the frill does not affect binaural hearing for localization but may increase gain for sounds from directly in front of the lizard.
Numerous other animals of both modern and prehistoric times use both skin or bone protrusions to make themselves seem more threatening, attract mates or to thermoregulate. Examples of these are the usage of dewlaps and crests in lizards, dinosaurs and birds. The unusual red-fan parrot has a feathery neck frill which is used for display purposes.
# Streamlight

Streamlight is a company located in Eagleville, Pennsylvania, United States, that manufactures flashlights powered by various rechargeable and disposable batteries.
Their product line features hand-held and weapon-mountable lights as well as a right angle light used by firefighters on their turnout gear. Several of their products utilize dual sources, combining the long life of LED lamps with more powerful but shorter-lived conventional incandescent lamps. They also produce a series of Laser Illuminators such as the one of their newest models the TLR-8 which is a combination LED weapon light and laser.
Streamlight developed a handheld 1 million candlepower (981,000 candela) searchlight as a commercial spin-off of technology developed by Johnson Space Center for NASA as part of the Apollo program.
After the handheld design was perfected, the company was moved to King of Prussia, Pennsylvania by a private investor. In 1977, the headquarters was moved to Norristown, Pennsylvania. In 2001, the company moved to Eagleville, Pennsylvania.
# Puncturella serraticosta

Puncturella serraticostata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
# Qodirov

Qodirov is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alisher Qodirov (born 1975), Uzbek politician
* Furug Qodirov (born 1992), Tajikistani footballer
* Ulugʻbek Qodirov (born 1983), Uzbek actor
# Parakaempferia

Parakaempferia is a genus of plants in the ginger family. It contains only one known species, Parakaempferia synantha, first described in 1971 and endemic to the Assam region of eastern India.
# Poecilasthena thalassias

Poecilasthena thalassias is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is known from Australia.
# Strictispira acurugata

Strictispira acurugata is an extinct species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 21.2 mm, its diameter 8 mm.
(Original description) The strong shell contains nine or ten whorls beside the smooth protoconch. The spiral sculpture consists of fine scratches on the fasciole, sharp, usually paired, grooves on the body with wider and alternately broad and narrow rounded interspaces which are subnbdulous in the line of the transverse ribs. These nodulations are higher on the posterior margin of the interstitial bands, so that with the siphonal canal pointing vertically the base of the shell looks like a tiled roof on a cupola. There is a moderately elevated round thread in front of the suture and more or less undulated by the ends of the ribs behind it. On the siphonal fasciole there are a few fine threads. The transverse sculpture of (on the body whorl fifteen) moderately elevated ribs, beginning and strongest on the shoulder of the whorl and fading away anteriorly near the siphonal canal. On the base they are slightly nodulous between the spiral grooves. The anal fasciole is excavated but slightly undulate behind the ribs and marked by fine incremental lines. The notch is not deep but distinct and U-shaped. The siphonal canal is short and wide. The aperture is rather narrow, with a moderate callus on the pillar and no lirae on the outer lip.

## Distribution

Fossils of this species were found in Pleistocene strata in Florida, USA.
# Trigonosporus

Trigonosporus is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Myxobolidae.
Species:
* Trigonosporus acanthogobii Hoshina, 1952
* Trigonosporus zhejiangensis Wu, Jiang & Wang, 1989
# WGSF

WGSF may refer to:
* WGSF (AM), a radio station (1030 AM) licensed to Memphis, Tennessee, United States
* WGSF (TV), a defunct television station in Newark, Ohio, United States
# Warble Womb

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 68/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Drowned in Sound | 7/10 |
Warble Womb is the sixth studio album by American rock band Dead Meadow. It was released in November 2013 under Xemu Records.
# Qi Yaoshan

Qi Yaoshan (Chinese: 齊耀珊; 1865 - February 15, 1954), courtesy name Zhaoyan, was a statesman and government official in the Qing dynasty and Republic of China. He was born in Yitong County (now Sitaizu Village, Mengjialing Town, Lishu County), Jilin.

## Qing dynasty

Qi Yaoshan was born in Jilin in 1865. In 1889, he had become a Juren in the Imperial Examination system. In the following year, he became a scholar of Genshenke. In May 1890, he was awarded the position of Chancellor (Zhongshu) of the Cabinet. He served as a copy-writer serving the Governor of Hubei, the Zongban (high organizational rank) to the Baojia of Wuchang, the Prefect of Yichang Prefecture, and at the General Office of the Qingzhang Bureau of Hankou.
Towards the final years of the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, Qi was promoted to the position of administrator of Jingyi Circuit and Hanhuangde Circuit in Hubei. After this, he served at the General Office of Honghanguan at the Public Relations Office, as well as at the head of the Hubei Provincial Government Supervising and Training Office and as a manager of academic affairs in Hubei.

## Republican Era

In 1913, Qi served as the director of the Beijing Salt Production Affairs Preparation Office. In March of the following year, he served as a delegate to the Republic of China Constitutional Convention. In May, he was appointed to the National Assembly.
In 1918, Qi was appointed Governor of Zhejiang Province. In 1920, he was appointed Governor of Shandong Province. In 1921, he served as the Chief Cabinet Secretary of Jin Yunpeng and the Prime Minister of the Famine Relief Society. In June, he began supervising the affairs of Beijing Normal University. In July, he was appointed to the position of President of Shangwu (Commercial) Bank. In December, he entered the Cabinet of Agriculture and Commerce under Liang Shiyi, as well as becoming the Minister of Education. In 1922, Qi was appointed Chairman of the Grain Survey Committee. In April, he was removed from his position as Minister of Education, and in June, he was removed from his position as being the President of the Shangwu Bank. In 1927, he served as a member of the Political Discussion Committee of the Anguojun Government under Zhang Zuolin, as well as becoming a researcher of Beijing Ancient Studies University.
On February 15, 1954, Qi died in Taipei. His family consisted of his older brother, Qi Yaolin, and his younger brother, Qi Yaocheng.
# Songs from the Heart (compilation album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Songs from the Heart is a various artists compilation, released in 1998, containing love songs by artists from Columbia Records (United States). The album was marketed for Valentine's Day February 14.

## Track listing

* "To See You" – 3:56 - Harry Connick, Jr.
* "Sweet Love" – 4:38 - Nancy Wilson
* "Can't Help Falling in Love" – 3:22 - Julio Iglesias
* "For You" – 3:56 - Kenny Lattimore
* "Why Me" – 4:35 - Michael Bolton
* "You And The Mona Lisa" – 4:05 - Shawn Colvin
* "Me, Myself & I (Are All In Love With You)" – 2:05 - Tony Bennett
* "Jump Up Behind Me" – 3:28 - James Taylor
* "Let Your Heart Remember" – 4:36 - Johnny Mathis
* "The Unimaginable Life" – 6:11 - Kenny Loggins
* "To Make You Feel My Love" – 3:51 - Billy Joel
* "What If We Went To Italy" – 3:38 - Mary Chapin Carpenter
# Vertical race

A vertical race is a special kind of ski mountaineering without the typical downhill skiing after ascending. At the mountain running and climbing passages the runners have to carry their skis in their backpacks. Vertical races for women and men are part of all international ski mountaineering competitions of the International Council for Ski Mountaineering Competitions as well as at many national competitions. The Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA)is working toward the goal of having vertical race become an Olympic discipline at the 2018 Winter Olympics, .

## Championships

At World Championships of Skimountaineering a vertical race was firstly rated in 2004 an at the European Championships in 2005.
World championships :
| year | men | men | men | women | women | women |
| year | 1st rank | 2nd rank | 3rd rank | 1st rank | 2nd rank | 3rd rank |
| 2011 | Kílian Jornet Burgada | Yannick Buffet | William Bon Mardion | Mireia Miró Varela | Laëtitia Roux | Gemma Arró Ribot |
| 2010 | Kílian Jornet Burgada | Dennis Brunod | Florent Perrier | Roberta Pedranzini | Laëtitia Roux | Francesca Martinelli |
| 2008 | Florent Perrier | Dennis Brunod | Grégory Gachet | Roberta Pedranzini | Francesca Martinelli | Nathalie Etzensperger |
| 2006 | Patrick Blanc | Tony Sbalbi | Florent Perrier | Natascia Leonardi Cortesi | Roberta Pedranzini | Catherine Mabillard |
| 2004 | Patrick Blanc | Florent Perrier | Sébastien Epiney | Cristina Favre-Moretti | Isabella Crettenand-Moretti | Gloriana Pellissier |
European championships :
| year | men | men | men | women | women | women |
| year | 1st rank | 2nd rank | 3rd rank | 1st rank | 2nd rank | 3rd rank |
| 2012 | Kílian Jornet Burgada | Yannick Buffet | Martin Anthamatten | Laëtitia Roux | Mireia Miró Varela | Gemma Arró Ribot |
| 2009 | Kílian Jornet Burgada | Tony Sbalbi | Yannick Buffet | Roberta Pedranzini | Mireia Miró Varela | Francesca Martinelli |
| 2007 | Florent Perrier | Agustí Roc Amador | Manuel Pérez Brunicardi | Laëtitia Roux | Roberta Pedranzini | Gloriana Pellissier |
| 2005 | Agustí Roc Amador | Florent Perrier | Mirco Mezzanotte | Cristina Favre-Moretti | Gloriana Pellissier | Barbara Gruber |
# Strictamine

Strictamine is an alkaloid isolated from Alstonia scholaris.
Because of its unusual chemical structure, it has attracted research interest and several laboratory syntheses have been reported.