OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase

Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase, or PAM, is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an n+1 residue long peptide with a C-terminal glycine into an n-residue peptide with a terminal amide group. In the process, one molecule of O$_2$ is consumed and the glycine residue is removed from the peptide and converted to glyoxylic acid.
The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of many signaling peptides and some fatty acid amides.
In humans, the enzyme is encoded by the PAM gene. This transformation is achieved by conversion of a prohormone to the corresponding amide (C(=O)NH$_2$). This enzyme is the only known pathway for generating peptide amides. Replacing the carboxylic acid group with an amide group makes the peptide more hydrophobic and more likely to be neutrally charged at physiologic pH, and it is believed that these neutrally charged peptide amides can more easily bind to receptors.

## Function

This gene encodes a multifunctional protein. It has two enzymatically active domains with catalytic activities - peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) and peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase (PAL). These catalytic domains work sequentially to catalyze neuroendocrine peptides to active alpha-amidated products. The reaction pathway catalyzed by PAM is accessed via quantum tunneling and substrate preorganization. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, but some of their full-length sequences are not yet known.
The PHM subunit effects hydroxylation of a C-terminal glycine residue:
    peptide-C(O)NHCH$_2$CO$_2$$^−$ + O$_2$ + 2 [H] → peptide-C(O)NHCH(OH)CO$_2$$^−$ + H$_2$O
This process shown above is the hydroxylation of a methylene group (-CH$_2$-) by O$_2$, and this process relies on a copper ion cofactor. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase, also a copper-containing enzyme, effects a similar transformation.
The PAL subunit then completes the conversion, by catalyzing elimination from the hydroxylated glycine:
    peptide-C(O)NHCH(OH)CO$_2$$^−$ → peptide-C(O)NH$_2$ + CH(O)CO$_2$$^−$
The eliminated coproduct is glyoxylate, written above as CH(O)CO$_2$$^−$.

### In insects

Insect PαAMs are responsive to O$_2$ concentrations and depends upon Cu$^{2+}$. Simpson et al 2015 finds insect PαAMs to respond to hypoxia by regulating the activity of several peptide hormones. They find PαAM to probably be an important part of neuroendocrine responses to hypoxia.
# Paul Robichaud

Paul Robichaud (born May 6, 1964 in Tracadie, New Brunswick) is a politician in the province of New Brunswick, Canada.
He studied at the Shippagan, New Brunswick campus of the University of Moncton. A member of the Progressive Conservative Party since 1985, he first ran for office in the 1995 but was defeated. He served from then until the next election as a Francophone organizer for the PC Party and ran again in 1999 when he was successful becoming the member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick for Lamèque-Shippagan-Miscou. He was re-elected in 2003, 2006 and 2010.
He joined the cabinet first as Minister of Fisheries & Aquaculture and then became minister of the enlarged Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture. In a cabinet shuffle in 2001 he became Minister of Tourism & Parks a post he maintained until after the 2003 election when he took over the post of transportation.
He left the cabinet in 2006 as the Liberals won that year's election and formed the government.
# Sidakeni

18°26′51″S 29°28′39″E﻿ / ﻿18.4475°S 29.4775°E﻿ / -18.4475; 29.4775
Sidakeni Ward is ward number 7 of the 33 wards in Zibagwe Rural District Council of Kwekwe District. It is in Zhombe Communinal Land in Midlands Province of Zimbabwe. It is 92 km north-west-north of Kwekwe and 64 km south-west of Kadoma.

## Municipality

The Zibagwe Rural District Council runs the ward and at present the ward is represented by a male councillor, on a ZANU-PF ticket.

## Shopping Centers

* Sidakeni Township
* Mangwarangwara Township (kwaChiroro)
* St Peter's Munyati Township (kwaHove)
* Kasawe Township (Kasawi).

## Schools
### Primary

* Sidakeni Primary School established 1966
* Kasawe Primary School established 1965
* Mangwarangwara Primary School established 1965
* St Peters Munyati Primary School established 1963.

### Secondary

* Sidakeni Secondary School established 1981
* Kasawe Secondary School established 2008.

## Health Center

Sidakeni Clinic is the only health center in Sidakeni Ward. It is staffed by 2 qualified nurse and 2 nurse aides, and it has 2 general beds. It is owned by Zivagwe Rural District Council.

## Animal Health Center

There is an animal health care center here that serves wards 6, 7 and 8.

## Alumni

* Somandla Ndebele was born and bred in Sidakeni Village, and he also was educated at Sidakeni Secondary School.
# Peachia

Peachia is a genus of sea anemone in the family Haloclavidae. Members of this genus typically burrow into soft substrates. The only part of the animal that is normally visible is the oral disc and tentacles which lie flat on the sand in a star shape. The type species is Peachia cylindrica (Reid, 1848).

## Characteristics

Members of the genus Peachia have a rounded base called the "physa" with tiny perforations, a tall column called the "scapus" and a delicate upper region called the "capitulum". The "siphonoglyph", a ciliated groove, is elongated and partially separated from the tubular throat, the "actinopharynx". There is a lobed projection called a "conchula", unique to this genus, at the entrance to the siphonoglyph. There are twelve, flattened tentacles. Six of the pairs of mesenteries dividing the internal body cavity are perfect while the other four are imperfect, with powerful retractor muscles. There is no sphincter muscle. The larvae are parasitic on medusae.

## Species

The following species are listed in the World Register of Marine Species:
* Peachia boeckii (Danielssen & Koren, 1856)
* Peachia carnea Hutton, 1879
* Peachia chilensis Carlgren, 1931
* Peachia cylindrica (Reid, 1848)
* Peachia hastata (Gosse, 1855)
* Peachia hilli Wilsmore, 1911
* Peachia koreni McMurrich, 1893
* Peachia mira Carlgren, 1943
* Peachia neozealandica Carlgren, 1924
* Peachia parasitica (Agassiz, 1859)
* Peachia quinquecapitata McMurrich, 1913
* Peachia taeniata Klunzinger, 1877
# Tarello

Tarello is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Camillo Tarello (ca. 1513 - 1573), Venetian agronomist
* Giovanni Tarello (1934-1987) Italian lawyer, university professor and Mayor of Genoa 1946-48
* Law Tarello, Television and Broadway Actor.
* Mark Tarello, chief meteorologist seen weeknights at KEYC-TV
# Wrightsboro, Georgia

Wrightsboro is an unincorporated community in McDuffie County, in the U.S. state of Georgia. It has an estimated population of 144.

## History

The first permanent settlement at Wrightsboro was made in the 1760s by a colony of Quakers. The community was named after James Wright, 7th Governor of Carolina and Georgia. In 1773 William Bartram recorded a brief visit to the town while on a large expedition through South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The Georgia General Assembly incorporated Wrightsboro as a town in 1799.
A post office called Wrightsborough was established in 1892, and remained in operation until 1905.
In 1998, the area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Wrightsboro Historic District.

## Notable person

Augustus Romaldus Wright, a politician, lawyer, and Confederate war officer was born at Wrightsboro in 1813.
# Santo Antão, Santa Maria (District)

Santo Antão ("Santo Antão" - Portuguese for Saint Anthony) is a district of the municipality of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is situated in the north portion of Santa Maria. The district's seat is 11 km (6.84 miles) far from Downtown Santa Maria.
The district of Santo Antão owns an area of 51.33 km$^2$ that is equivalent to 8.86% of the municipality of Santa Maria that is 1791,65 km$^2$.

## History

The district was created in the year of 2001 by municipal law nº 4498/01 with territory separated from district of Boca do Monte.

## Limits

The district limits with the districts of Boca do Monte and Sede, and with the municipalities of Itaara and São Martinho da Serra

## Neighbourhoods

The district of Santo Antão is divided in the following bairros, that in English is equivalent to neighbourhoods:
* Santo Antão;

## Roads and railway

* In the district, the railway crosses in its south portion.
* There isn't highways in the district.
# Santa Croce e San Bonaventura alla Pilotta

Santa Croce e San Bonaventura alla Pilotta or Santa Croce e di San Bonaventura dei Lucchesi is a church in Rome, sited on via dei Lucchesi in the Trevi district, between the Trevi Fountain and the Pontificia Università Gregoriana. It is Lucca's regional church in Rome.

## History

The church is on the site of a medieval church San Nicola de Portiis or San Nicola de Trivio, whose remains can be seen in the present church's crypt. That church had been given to the Capuchin fathers in 1575, who had rededicated it to saint Bonaventure. They moved to a new monastery on Piazza Barberini in 1631 and the church was granted to the Luccans by pope Urban VIII. There was already a small Luccan community in Rome, mainly made up of merchants. They demolished the old church in 1685 and built a new one in 1695 to designs by Mattia de Rossi and dedicated to the Most Holy Cross (Santissima Croce), after the cult of the 'Volto Santo', a piece of the True Cross venerated in Lucca Cathedral. It was restored in the course of the 19th century.
# Niger Rapid Intervention Company

The Niger Rapid Intervention Company is a 130-man special forces unit trained by the United States Military to conduct counter-terrorist operations in 2003 to 2006 in Niger. The NRIC is a unit of the Nigerien Armed Forces, and is one of a number of small forces trained for African nations as part of the Pan Sahel Initiative (2002–2004) and Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative.
In August 2007, the Niger Movement for Justice, MNJ, a Tuareg based insurgent group, claimed defections from the army had increased their numbers to over 2,000 fighters. Some sources claim that defections included the entire Niger Rapid Intervention Company. Western journalists have also claimed that the NRIC was previously drafted into use as security for the French conglomerate Areva NC's uranium mines in Arlit, a city in northern Niger. Still other sources have claimed that it (and the rebel movement) had been created by the government itself in order to ratchet up tension in the region and thereby secure Western military aid. Subsequent communiques by the MNJ have claimed that their forces include a unit titled TIR (Troupes d'Intervention Rapide). These claims have never been independently verified.
# Santo Antão North Cup

The Santo Antão North Cup is a regional football (soccer) cup competition played during the season in the northern part of Santo Antão Island (consisting of the municipalities of Paul and Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde. The cup tournament is organized by the Santo Antão North Regional Football Association (ARFNSA). The winner (some seasons when a winner is also a champion, a cup finalist) participates in the Santo Antão North Super Cup. For several times, the winner (or a cup finalist if a winner is also champion) participated in the Cape Verdean Cup. The first entrant was in 2007 which was Rosariense and their recent was in 2012 and was Paulense. Since 2013, there were no entrants to the national cup due to financial concerns. From the 2015 edition, the winner qualifies into the Santo Antão Super Cup, a single island cup competition challenging a club from the north.

## Title history

Sinagoga was the first winner won in 2005, the second was Rosariense, third was Beira-Mar, fourth was Solpontense and fifth was Paulense in 2011. In 2013, Paulense won three straight cup titles and has the most cup titles won in the North Zone. Sinagoga won their second and recent in 2014 and Paulense won two more cup titles in 2016. Rosariense became the second club to have two cup titles in 2017. Beira-Mar and Solpontense are now the only clubs who won a cup title each.
From 2006 to 2011, Ribeira Grande was the only municipality who won the most cup titles. Since 2011, Ribeira Grande has the most cup titles win and Paul is second. From April 2016-2017, the two municipalities shared the most cup titles.
The upcoming 2018 final will feature Os Foguetões and Rosariense Clube.

## Winners

| Season | Winner | Runner-up |
| 2004/05 | CD Sinagoga | |
| 2005/06 | unknown | unknown |
| 2006/07 | Rosariense | |
| 2007/08 | unknown | unknown |
| 2008/09 | Beira-Mar | |
| 2009-10 | Solpontense | |
| 2010-11 | Paulense | |
| 2011/12 | Paulense | |
| 2012/13 | Paulense | |
| 2013/14 | CD Sinagoga | |
| 2014/15 | Paulense | Rosariense |
| 2015/16 | Paulense | Sinagoga |
| 2016/17 | Rosariense | Sinagoga |
| 2017-18 | Rosariense Clube | Os Foguetões |

## Club performance

| Club | Winners | Winning Years |
| Paulense | 5 | 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016 |
| Rosariense | 3 | 2007, 2017, 2018 |
| CD Sinagoga | 2 | 2005, 2014 |
| Beira-Mar | 1 | 2009 |
| Solpontense | 1 | 2010 |

### Performance by municipality

| Municipality | Winners | Club location | Winners | Winning years |
| Ribeira Grande | 6 | Ponta do Sol | 1 | 2010 |
| Ribeira Grande | 6 | Ribeira Grande | 4 | 2007, 2009, 2017, 2018 |
| Ribeira Grande | 6 | Sinagoga | 2 | 2005, 2014 |
| Paul | 5 | Pombas | 5 | 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016 |
# Sankhar

Sankhar is a village development committee in Chapakot Municipality of Syangja District in Gandaki Province of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 4,630 people residing in 1,055 individual households. Majuwa, Mohami, Bhattarai Danda, Keladighat, Patasar, Panglung, Salghari, Manechaur, Khasa Bankata, Pipalchhap, Khardi, Samakot, Tangle, Gahate, Ajingare, and Hadiban are major villages in Sankhar.

## Tourism

Kali Gandaki river flows through some villages of Sankhar such as Bankata, Murchaur, Majuwa, Bhattarai Danda, at the edge of Keladighat. Kali Gandaki itself is known for rafting. Many tourists visit Sankhar each year for rafting. Tourists can go for trekking as Sankhar is surrounded by hills on all sides. The view of mountain Makalu and Annapurna has added more beauty to Sankhar. The tourism industry has not yet been developed because of the lack of resources. For visiting tourists in Sankhar the most known and most famous places which are known as Keladighat and Ramghat. Keladighat is the historical place by the point of view for tourism. In Keladighat, there is a temple and different parks to visit. In temple Radha Krishna is worshiped in 24 hours nonstop. Most of the people go there to worship as they said their wishes are fulfilled. Majuwa is mainly known as the heart of Sankhar as it has plain land with fertile land for agriculture. But, nowadays it is developing to a highly populated area. Mohami, a village in Sankhar, is famous for its historical place because it had a palace for royal family at the period of kingship in Nepal.

## Political situation

Sankhar is divided into nine wards. It is surrounded by Kali Gandaki at northern side, Gajarkot VDC from east, Sekham and Chimnebas VDCs from west and Kyakami VDC at south. Patasar is its headquarter. Keladighat Temple (known as the second heaven by the locals) is situated at the northern side of Sankhar which is near from Kali Gandaki river. It lies in ward number 6 of Sankhar.

## Bridge

A newly constructed motor-able bridge mainly benefits the people around Syangja, Palpa, Nawalparasi, Tanahun and almost all people of nearby districts.
These days, buses, trucks and tractors ply through the bridge in hundreds of numbers on daily basis. And, the bridge has brought new dimensions for the economic development of the nearby VDCs which were lagging behind and inaccessible until few years ago.
# Nitrite reductase (disambiguation)

Nitrite reductase refers to any of several classes of enzymes that catalyze the reduction of nitrite.
Nitrite reductase may also refer to:
* Nitrite reductase (NO-forming)
* Nitrite reductase (NAD(P)H)
# Niphona malaccensis

Niphona malaccensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938. It is known from Borneo and Malaysia.
# Niphona ornata

Niphona ornata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1895.
# Sappinia dangeardi

Sappinia dangeardi is a species of amoebae belonging to the phylum Amoebozoa. It is a terrestrial species found growing on cow dung from a farm in Starkville, Mississippi.

## Etymology

The specific epithet, dangeardi, was chosen in recognition of the author Pierre Clement Augustin Dangeard, who originally described the genus Sappinia.

## Description

Sappinia dangeardi is a species of amoeba belonging to the genus Sappinia, which occasionally exhibits a 'standing' behavior where the cell attaches to the substrate and pushes most of its mass into the open air. In particular, S. dangeardi cells are significantly larger than other species such as S. pedata, both in length and width, as well as in height regarding 'standing' cells.

## Taxonomy

Sappinia dangeardi is a species described in 2024 by protistologists Tristan C. Henderson and Matthew W. Brown on a journal article published with other coauthors in the European Journal of Protistology. It was described from amoebae isolated from cow dung at Byrum Farm, Mississippi, USA. These amoebae were cultured on agar and fed with E. coli. The researchers examined the fine morphology of these microbes. Through sequencing of the SSU rDNA gene, the microbes were assessed as members of the genus Sappinia but phylogenetically distinct from all other known species.
# Santa Elena District

Santa Elena District may refer to:
* Santa Elena, Paraguay, a district of the Cordillera department
* Santa Elena District, La Cruz, in Guanacaste province, Costa Rica
# Saphenista illimis

Saphenista illimis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Sinaloa, Mexico.
# No. 139 Squadron RAF

No. 139 (Jamaica) Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force Squadron that was fighter unit in World War I and a bomber unit from World War II until the 1960s.

## History
### Formation and World War I

No. 139 Squadron Royal Air Force was formed on 3 July 1918 at Villaverla in Italy and was equipped with Bristol F2b fighter aircraft. It was disbanded on 7 March 1919.

### Reformation and World War II

The squadron reformed on 3 September 1936 at Wyton, equipped first with Hawker Hinds and then Bristol Blenheims. On 3 September 1939 a Blenheim IV of the squadron piloted by Andrew McPherson was the first British aircraft to cross the German coast after Britain had declared war on Germany. On 4 September 1939, Nos. 110, 107 and 139 Squadrons led the first RAF air raid of the war against German shipping near Wilhelmshaven. In December 1939, the squadron was moved to Betheniville, France and in May 1940 when based at Plivot it was overrun by the German advance and lost most of its aircraft.
A Jamaican newspaper started a fund to buy bombers for Britain and in recognition of money raised to buy Blenheims it was decided to link Jamaica with a squadron of the Royal Air Force, hence the "Jamaica" tag given to the squadron. In December 1941, the squadron converted to the Lockheed Hudson aircraft, which it operated in Burma until April 1942.
In June 1942, the squadron returned to England and re-equipped with the Blenheim V before quickly switching to the de Havilland Mosquito at Horsham St. Faith. On 3 March, it carried out a daring air raid on the molybdenum processing plant at Knaben in Norway. It is believed that this was one of the raids on which the fictional work 633 Squadron was based. As a result of this raid a number of flight crew received decorations. On 20 March, the squadron lost a number of aircraft a week before the official announcement of the decorations.
It became part of the pathfinder force in July 1943 and remained so for the remainder of the war.

### Post War

The squadron equipped with the English Electric Canberra B2 at RAF Hemswell beginning in November 1952. It disbanded on 31 December 1959 and reformed again at RAF Wittering on 1 January 1962 with the Handley Page Victor B2, before it was finally disbanded on 31 December 1968.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by No. 139 Squadron RAF :
| From | To | Aircraft | Variant |
| May 1918 | Mar 1919 | Bristol F.2 | b |
| Sep 1936 | Jul 1937 | Hawker Hind | Mk.I |
| Jul 1937 | Sep 1939 | Bristol Blenheim | Mk.I |
| Sep 1939 | Dec 1941 | Bristol Blenheim | Mk.IV |
| Dec 1941 | Dec 1941 | Lockheed Hudson | Mk.III |
| Feb 1942 | Apr 1942 | Lockheed Hudson | Mk.III |
| Feb 1942 | Oct 1942 | Bristol Blenheim | Mk.V |
| Sep 1942 | Jul 1944 | De Havilland Mosquito | B.IV |
| Sep 1943 | Sep 1944 | De Havilland Mosquito | B.IX |
| Feb 1944 | Nov 1948 | De Havilland Mosquito | B.XVI |
| Nov 1943 | Sep 1945 | De Havilland Mosquito | B.XX |
| Sep 1945 | Sep 1948 | De Havilland Mosquito | B.XXV |
| Oct 1948 | Dec 1953 | De Havilland Mosquito | B.35 |
| Nov 1952 | Dec 1959 | English Electric Canberra | B.2 |
| Jan 1962 | Dec 1968 | Handley Page Victor | B.2 |
# Sarasinula plebeia

Sarasinula plebeia, commonly called the bean slug or the Caribbean leatherleaf slug, is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Veronicellidae, the leatherleaf slugs.
As of November 2012, some websites and databases (including the ITIS entry) have a species listed as "Sarasomia plebeia" by the same author.

## Distribution

Sarasinula plebeia was originally discovered and described under name Vaginulus plebeius by French zoologist Paul Henri Fischer from New Caledonia in 1868. The type locality is New Caledonia.
The distribution of Sarasinula plebeia includes:
* Cuba
* Jamaica
* Saint Martin, Leeward Islands
* Dominica
* Canouan
* Saba Island
* "Southern USA"
* from Mexico to Panama:
** Mexico
** Costa Rica
* Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
* Venezuela
It was also introduced to Australasia and some Pacific island groups:
* Saipan, Mariana Islands
* Ritidian Point, Guam
* San José, Leyte, Philippines
* Wasi, Ambon Island, Moluccas
* Vate, Aoba Island, Malakula Island, Espiritu Santo and Malo Island, New Hebrides
The species is already established in the USA, and is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA.

## Ecology

Parasites of Sarasinula plebeia include:
* Angiostrongylus cantonensis

## As a pest

In Central America, Sarasinula plebeia is a serious pest of agriculture.

## Genetics

The species is economically important, but as of 2001, only partial sequences of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene of the species had been published by Dayrat et al. up to April 2010.