OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Julius Kronberg

Johan Julius Ferdinand Kronberg (11 December 1850 – 17 October 1921) was a Swedish artist and decorative painter.

## Biography

Kronberg was born in Karlskrona, Sweden, in 1850. At the age of thirteen, he was admitted to the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts. In 1870, he was awarded a gold medal for his portrayal of Gustav Vasa receiving a new translation of the Bible (used on a postage stamp in 1941). He studied with Johan Christoffer Boklund, a history painter who had a major influence on his style and, for a short time, Johan Fredrik Höckert. A travel scholarship in 1873 enabled him to visit Copenhagen, Düsseldorf and Paris.
After a short stay in Venice, he spent considerable time in Munich. It was there that he became interested in decorative painting and was exposed to the work of Hans Makart, which left a strong impression on him. In 1876 his painting, "Nymph and Faun" was praised by August Strindberg and led to his becoming an "agré" (a type of member candidate) at the Royal Academy.
He settled in Rome in 1877 and lightened his palette, somewhat after the style of Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. Upon returning to Stockholm in 1889, he set up a studio in Norra Djurgården and specialized in architectural painting. His motifs were usually taken from mythology or the Bible, as well as works by Shakespeare.
Among his best known works are three ceiling paintings in the west staircase of Stockholm Palace, a portrayal of Jesus' life in the dome of Adolf Fredrik Church and a proscenium depicting Eros at the Royal Dramatic Theatre.
He made a final study trip in 1894, to Würzburg, Madrid and Venice, where he focused on Tiepolo's ceiling paintings. The following year, he accepted a professorship at the Royal Academy but, much to the disappointment of his students, resigned in 1898.
In 1885, he had refused to sign a petition criticizing the teaching methods at the Royal Academy and his relationship with the Konstnärsförbundet (Artists' Association) cooled considerably. By 1900, their conflicting views had reached the point where he began to withdraw from public life. He became isolated and his works grew repetitious. Later, he developed an interest in theology. During his final years, he suffered from cancer.
After his death in Stockholm in 1921, his studio was bequeathed to the Nordic Museum and, at the expense of Wilhelmina von Hallwyl, was moved and reassembled at Skansen, an open-air museum and zoo. It served as the setting for the cover photograph of the pop group ABBA's 1981 album, The Visitors.
His works may be seen at the Gothenburg Museum of Art, Skansen and the Hallwyl Museum.

## Selected works

* Romeo and Juliet on the Balcony (1886)
* David and Saul (1885)
* The New Playmate (1873)
* Cupid with a Bow (1878)
* Irma von Geijer, born of Hallwyl (1895)
* Karl XII (1893)
* Perseus liberating Andromeda
* Stockholm Palace ceiling with symbolic figures: Religion, Peace, Science, Industry, and more.
* Perseus Releases Andromeda (1918)
* Hypatia (1889)
* Cupids (1881)
* Sappho (1913)
* Open Air Concert (1898)
# Jonathan Holland

Jonathan Holland may refer to:
* Jonathan Holland (footballer) (born 1978), footballer for Hamrun Spartans
* Jonathan Holland (American football) (born 1985), American football wide receiver
* Jonathan Holland (rugby union) (born 1991), Irish rugby union player
* Jon Holland (born 1987), Australian cricketer
# Church of San Bartolomé (Campisábalos)

The Church of San Bartolomé (Spanish: Iglesia de San Bartolomé) is a Roman Catholic church located in Campisábalos, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1965.
The church was erected in Romanesque-style during the 12th and 13th-centuries.
# Jev Tothill

Jevington Blair (Jev) Tothill (born 1928 or 1929) is a former Canadian politician, who was the leader of the British Columbia Liberal Party from 1979 to 1981.
Prior to his political career, Tothill was a high school teacher in the Cowichan Valley region of Vancouver Island who was known for creating a local community television service, and was an unsuccessful candidate for the party in the electoral district of Cowichan-Malahat in the 1975 provincial election.
He won the leadership at the party's leadership convention on February 19, 1979. His predecessor, Gordon Gibson, had held the party's only seat in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia at the time of his resignation, leaving the party without legislative representation. Tothill soon announced plans to run as the party's candidate in a pending by-election in North Vancouver-Seymour, although that by-election was cancelled by the issuance of writs for the 1979 election. In that election, the only one under Tothill's leadership, the Liberals ran just five candidates provincewide and were entirely shut out of the legislature.
Tothill resigned as leader in late 1980 and was succeeded by Shirley McLoughlin at the party's 1981 leadership convention.
# Chelle Rose

Rachelle Rhea "Chelle" Rose is an American rock, blues, roots singer, songwriter and musician. She released her debut album, “Nanahally River” in 2000.

## Biography
### Early life

Rose was raised by her maternal grandparents in Lenoir City, Tennessee. As a child, she sang and secretly played the piano when no one was home. She was working as an accountant when she was unexpectedly gifted a guitar, and she began singing, playing, and writing. She moved to Nashville, Tennessee in 1996, where she married, raised two children, and recorded her first album.
A diagnosis of hypothyroidism in 2014 derailed Rose's music career for more than a year, limiting her exposure. But she has since recovered, and in 2016 she bought her family's homestead and returned to Lenoir City.

### Style

Rose writes autobiographical, sometimes dark songs about her childhood and the people who populated her environment in East Tennessee and western North Carolina. She was compared favorably to Lucinda Williams, Townes Van Zandt, Steve Earle, Alejandro Escovedo "and other terse, unflinching songwriters on the rock fringe of country" by Jon Pareles in the New York Times.

### Recordings

Rose's 2000 debut Nanahally River was produced by David Hardman. J. D. Wilkes from the Legendary Shack Shakers played harmonica.
2012's Ghost of Browder Holler was produced by Ray Wylie Hubbard. Performers included Billy Cassis (guitar), Brad Rice (guitar, mandolin), George Reiff (bass), Rick Richards (drums), and Hubbard (guitar, harmonica). Additional guests included Ian McLagan on organ and the McCrary Sisters and Elizabeth Cook on harmonies.
Rose's third album Blue Ridge Blood was released in 2016 and produced by George Reiff (Court Yard Hounds, Chris Robinson). Buddy Miller provided harmony vocals on the title track. Once again, she was joined by Cassis, Richards, and Reiff, and she was also joined by Johnathon Hamilton (her fiancée) on mandolin, Sergio Webb on guitar and resonator guitar, Johnathan Letner on mandolin, and Bukka Allen on keyboards.

## Discography

* 2000: Nanahally River (Bloodred Records)
* 2012: Ghost of Browder Holler (Lil' Damsel Records)
* 2016: Blue Ridge Blood (Lil' Damsel Records)
# Danish National Cycle Route 4

Danish national cycle route 4, is the fourth of the 11 Danish National Cycle Routes. It runs from Søndervig in West Jutland to Copenhagen on the island Zealand. The route is 310 km (190 mi) long, with 90% of this distance being along paved roads and one trip on a ferry between Aarhus and Odden.

## Towns on the route

| 1 | Ringkøbing |
| 2 | Aarhus |
| 3 | Roskilde |
| 4 | København |
# Cipher runes

Cipher runes, or cryptic runes, are the cryptographical replacement of the letters of the runic alphabet.

## Preservation

The knowledge of cipher runes was best preserved in Iceland, and during the 17th–18th centuries, Icelandic scholars produced several treatises on the subject. The most notable of these is the manuscript Runologia by Jón Ólafsson (1705–1779), which he wrote in Copenhagen (1732–1752). It thoroughly treats numerous cipher runes and runic ciphers, and it is now preserved in the Arnamagnæan Institute in Copenhagen.
Jón Ólafsson's treatise presents the Younger Futhark in the Viking Age order, which means that the m-rune precedes the l-rune. This small detail was of paramount importance for the interpretation of Viking Age cipher runes because in the 13th century the two runes had changed places through the influence of the Latin alphabet where l precedes m. Since the medieval runic calendar used the post-13th-century order, the early runologists of the 17th–18th centuries believed that the l-m order was the original one, and the order of the runes is of vital importance for the interpretation of cipher runes.

## Structure of the ciphers

In the runic alphabet, the runes have their special order and are divided into groups. In the Younger Futhark, which has 16 letters, they are divided into three groups. The Icelandic tradition calls the first group (f, u, þ, ã, r and k) "Freyr's ætt", the second group (h, n, i, a and s) "Hagal's ætt" and the third group (t, b, m, l and ʀ) "Tyr's ætt". In order to make the inscription even harder to decipher, Freyr's ætt and Tyr's ætt change places so that group one is group three and vice versa. However, in several cases the ætts are counted in their correct order, and not backwards. There are numerous forms of cipher runes, but they are all based on the principle of giving the number of the ætt and the number of the rune within the ætt.
The tent runes are based on strokes added to the four arms of an X shape: Each X represents two runes and is read clockwise, starting with the top left arm. The strokes on the first arm representing the ætt (row of eight runes: (1) fuþarkgw, (2) hnijæpzs, (3) tbemlŋod), the strokes on the second arm denote the order within that ætt.
The branch runes are similar, the strokes being attached to a vertical stem and branching upwards. Strokes on the left indicate the ætt, and strokes on the right the order within the ætt.
There are variants of these two schemes, such as inverting the numbers (counting backwards the ætts, and the runes within the ætts). Tree runes and hook runes are like branch runes, with the strokes pointing downward diagonally and curving downward, respectively. These may be mixed: in the phrase ek vitki at left, ek is written in straightforward branch runes, but vitki is written with the ætts as hooks and the order as branches.
There are several runestones using such devices of obscuring the inscription, especially found in Orkney.
A comparable system of letter modification is that of the Ogham "scales" recorded in the Ogam Tract.
# Affif Ben Badra

Affif Ben Badra (sometimes credited as Afif Ben Badra or Ben Badra, born 1960) is an actor and stuntman currently living in France. In the United States, he appeared as a warlord in the Roland Emmerich film 10,000 BC and as Tamas Morato in Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. He also appeared in the suspense/thriller film Taken, written by Luc Besson, and in the Spanish public TV series Aguila Roja

## Partial filmography

* Dobermann (1997) - Le mac
* Kiss of the Dragon (2001)
* San Antonio (2004) - Le Brésilien
* Distrito B13 (2004) - chico K2
* Unleashed (2005) - Tough Man
* Il ne faut jurer... de rien! (2005) - Bulevar Homme 1
* Paris Lockdown (2007) - Le Gitan 1
* Jacquou le croquant (2007) - Le berger moustachu
* Skate or Die (2008) - Le Marseillais
* Mesrine Parte 1: Killer Instinct (2008) - Le client énervé
* 10,000 BC (2008) - Warlord
* Balance final (2011) - Latif Gueroud
* Colombiana (2011) - Genarro Rizzo
* Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows' (2011) - Tamas Morato
* The Lookout (2012) - Karim
* Al otro lado de las pistas (2012) - Tripot Homme
* Praschan Requiem (2012) - Mafioso
* Colisión (2013) - Ayub
* Un p'tit gars de Ménilmontant [fr] (2013) - Greg
* Hermandad de Lágrimas (2013) - Omar
* 8 Assassins (2014) - Sharkan
* Piste noire (2014) - Slimane, le directeur de la colo
* The Brothers Grimsby (2016) - Terapeuta de Spa
* El teniente otomano (2017) - Christapor
# Affilia

Affilia: Feminist Inquiry in Social Work is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers social work practices and feminist analysis of gender inequality. The editors-in-chief are Sara Goodkind (University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work), Mimi E. Kim (California State University, Long Beach), and Jennifer Zelnick (Touro University System). The journal was established in 1986 and is published by SAGE Publications. The founding editor was Beatrice Saunders.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 1.597.

## Grievance studies affair

In October 2018, it was revealed that the journal had accepted for publication a hoax article entitled "Our Struggle Is My Struggle: Solidarity Feminism as an Intersectional Reply to Neoliberal and Choice Feminism." It was later reported that the manuscript included plagiarized sections from Chapter 12 of Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf (My Struggle), in which Hitler describes why the Nazi Party is needed and what it requires of its members. The authors replaced Hitler's references to "National Socialism" with "feminism" and "Jews" with "privilege". The submission of the paper was an attempt to show the lack of rigor in some fields of academia, so-called "grievance studies", by demonstrating that absurdities and morally fashionable political ideas could get published as legitimate academic research in the field.
# List of trestle bridges

This is a list of trestle bridges.
The United States once had many; now some survive and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).
These include:

## in the United States

* Arboretum Sewer Trestle (1910), Seattle, Washington, NRHP-listed
* Adamson Bridge (1916), Cherry County, Nebraska, timber stringer trestle bridge built by the Canton Bridge Co. Formerly NRHP-listed.
* Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Bridge, Antietam Creek, Maryland
* Bridge A 249, New Mexico
* Chacahoula Swamp Bridge (1995), Louisiana
* Clio Trestle, California
* CNR Bonnet Carré Spillway-McComb Bridge, Louisiana
* CRRNJ Newark Bay Bridge, New Jersey
* Benewah Lake Bridge, Idaho
* Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel
* Dale Creek Crossing
* Delta Trestle Bridge, Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad, Delta, Pennsylvania, NRHP-listed
* Doe Run Trestle, Springfield, Kentucky, NRHP-listed
* D & RG Narrow Gauge Trestle, Cimarron, Colorado, NRHP-listed
* Dumbarton Rail Bridge, California
* Fairfax Bridge (Washington)
* Genesee Arch Bridge
* Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel
* Hoover-Mason Trestle
* I-10 Bonnet Carré Spillway Bridge
* I-10 Twin Span Bridge
* Kinzua Bridge
* LaBranche Wetlands Bridge
* Lake Pontchartrain Causeway, Louisiana
* Lewisville Lake Toll Bridge
* Little Pipe Creek bridge and viaduct
* Louisiana Highway 1 Bridge, Louisiana
* Lucin Cutoff
* Lyman Viaduct
* Magnolia Bridge
* Manchac Swamp Bridge
* Maroon Creek Bridge
* Merrill P. Barber Bridge
* Mexican Canyon Trestle, Cloudcroft, New Mexico, NRHP-listed
* Minnesota and International Railway Trestle at Blackduck (1901-02), Minnesota
* Monitor–Merrimac Memorial Bridge–Tunnel
* Moodna Viaduct
* Norfolk Southern Lake Pontchartrain Bridge
* Old Youngs Bay Bridge
* Peninsula Subdivision Trestle
* Pleasure Beach Bridge
* Porter Hollow Embankment and Culvert
* Rapallo Viaduct
* Richmond–San Rafael Bridge, California
* Rivanna Subdivision Trestle
* Robert Moses Causeway
* Rock Island Railroad Bridge (Columbia River)
* Rosendale Trestle
* Safe Harbor Bridge
* Salisbury Viaduct
* San Luis Southern Railway Trestle, Blanca, Colorado, NRHP-listed
* San Mateo–Hayward Bridge, California
* Santa Fe Arroyo Seco Railroad Bridge
* Southern Pacific Railroad: Ogden-Lucin Cut-Off Trestle, Ogden, Utah, NRHP-listed
* State Highway 274 Bridge
* St. Francis River Bridge (Lake City, Arkansas)
* Sulphur Trestle Fort Site, Elkmont, Alabama, NRHP-listed
* Susitna River Bridge
* Transcontinental Railroad Grade
* Trestles Bridge
* Triple Crossing
* Tulip Viaduct
* Union Street Railroad Bridge and Trestle, near Salem, Oregon, NRHP-listed
* U.S. 61 Bonnet Carré Spillway Bridge, Louisiana
* Verrazano Bridge (Maryland)
* Warrens Bridge (c. 1930), Arkansas
* West James Street Overpass (1924), Redfield, Arkansas
* Wilburton Trestle (1904), Washington
* Wills Canyon Spur Trestle, Cloudcroft, New Mexico, NRHP-listed
# Robert Laughlin Pierson

Robert Laughlin Pierson (1926–1997) was an Episcopal clergyman and Freedom Rider and a named appellant in Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547 (1967).

## Life

He was born in Chicago in 1926. He graduated from Lawrence University, the University of Wisconsin, and Nashotah House.
He served at St. Barnabas' Episcopal Church. In 1961, he was arrested at Jackson, Mississippi, with the Freedom Riders. Pierson was among the litigants who pursued damages against the police based on the Civil Rights Act of 1871 and was the named appellant in the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court case, Pierson v. Ray which found that the police had Qualified Immunity, and rejected Pierson's claims.
He died on April 13, 1997, in St. Petersburg, Florida.

## Family

In 1955, he married Ann Clark Rockefeller, daughter of Nelson Rockefeller. They divorced in 1966.
# Advisors Sentiment

Advisors Sentiment survey is a field of market sentiment. Advisors Sentiment was devised by Abe Cohen of Chartcraft in 1963 and is still operated by Chartcraft, now under their brand name of Investors Intelligence. The survey surveys independent investment newsletters (those not affiliated with brokerage houses or mutual funds). Findings are reported weekly as the percentage of advisors that are bullish, bearish and those that expect a correction. The survey is anecdotal evidence as to extremes in investor confidence, conditions that are often seen at major market turning points.
The survey is often quoted in the media. In August 2009, articles in the Los Angeles Times and The Wall Street Journal reported that advisors were as bearish as they were in October 2007, a warning sign that markets were getting ahead of themselves.

## Bull–Bear Spread

The Investors Intelligence Sentiment Survey reports the attitudes of U.S. advisors. A large difference between the percentage bullish vs. bearish indicates more risk.
* The 30% difference is increased risk.
* At 40% difference consider defensive measures.
On January 16, 2018, Peter Boockvar said that the Investors Intelligence had the highest bull bear spread since 1986. Boockvar said that there was an extraordinary level of overboughtness.
Yardeni Research, Inc. posts data about the Investors Intelligence Sentiment Survey including the Percentage Bulls & Bears.
# Robert Barker (died 1618)

Robert Barker was one of the two MPs for Ipswich in the English parliament of 1593.
# John Lodge

John Lodge may refer to:
* John Lodge (musician) (born 1943), bass guitarist for the Moody Blues
* John Lodge (archivist) (died 1774), English historian who wrote The Peerage of Ireland
* John C. Lodge (1862–1950), Mayor of Detroit
* John Davis Lodge (1903–1985), American film actor, politician, and diplomat
* John Lodge (librarian) (1792–1850), librarian of the University of Cambridge
# John Read (pirate)

John Read (fl. 1683-1688) was an English buccaneer, privateer, and pirate active from South America to the East Indies to the Indian Ocean.

## History

Along with navigator and chronicler William Dampier, Read was a crewman aboard John Cook's 1683 privateering expedition which captured a prize ship they renamed Bachelor's Delight. Cook took them around Cape Horn to raid Spain's Pacific territories, joining a flotilla of other buccaneers including Charles Swan's Cygnet. Cook died in 1684, replaced by Edward Davis; Read, Dampier, and others soon transferred to Cygnet. After some unproductive raids Swan headed west across the Pacific in early 1686, his lack of success causing the crew to grow unruly. After a stop at Guam they arrived at Mindanao in the Philippines in June 1686. The crew soon mutinied, ejecting Swan and electing Josiah Teat as Captain, who was himself soon replaced as Captain by Read, setting sail in early 1687.
Read sailed Cygnet through the East Indies with little treasure to show for the voyage. In early 1688 they landed on Australia. Dampier, tired of sailing with Read and his crew, asked to be put ashore in the Nicobar Islands in 1688. Read sailed to the Indian Ocean, capturing their first lucrative prize ship in the process. On India's southwestern Coromandel coast the crew broke up, with many of the crew leaving to serve on Mughal ships. Read then took Cygnet to Madagascar where more of his sailors joined other pirate crews; Read himself took his earnings and boarded a ship bound for New York to retire from pirate life. The remaining sailors under Teat sailed back to Coromandel “where Captain Teat and his own men went ashore to serve the Mogul,” though Cygnet itself was in poor condition and finally sank at Madagascar.
# Cis-3-Methyl-4-octanolide

cis-3-Methyl-4-octanolide, also called cis-β-methyl-γ-octalactone or 5-butyldihydro-4-methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is a chemical compound of the lactone family with formula C $_9$H $_{16}$O $_2$. It exists in two optical isomers: 3R,4R ("+") and 3S,4S ("−").
The 3S,4S isomer, commonly known as whisky lactone or quercus lactone is an important ingredient in the aroma of whiskey (where it was first identified by Suomalainen and Nykänen in 1970) and other alcoholic beverages that have been aged in oak barrels. It is sometimes added to the liquor as a flavoring agent. It has a coconut, celery or fresh wood aroma, that can be detected by humans at the concentration of 1 μg/L in air. A mixture of the cis and trans isomers is repellent for mosquitos and flies.
The 3S,4S isomer is extracted by the alcoholic beverage from some precursor substances in the oak wood. It can be synthesized from a cyclopentane derivative.
# Cis-Dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride

cis-Dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride is a salt with the formula [CoCl$_2$(en)$_2$]Cl (en = ethylenediamine). The salt consists of a cationic coordination complex and a chloride anion. It is a violet diamagnetic solid that is soluble in water. One chloride ion in this salt readily undergoes ion exchange, but the two other chlorides are less reactive, being bound to the metal center.

## Synthesis and optical resolution

Cis-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride is obtained by heating a solution of trans-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride, e.g. using a steam bath.
The racemate can be resolved into two enantiomers (Λ and Δ) by the formation of the d-α-bromocamphor-π-sulfonate salt. The diastereomeric salts are separated by recrystallization. After their purification, the individual diastereomers are converted back to the chloride salt by reaction with ice cold hydrochloric acid.
* Λ-cis-[CoCl$_2$(en)$_2$]$^+$
* Δ-cis-[CoCl$_2$(en)$_2$]$^+$

## Related complexes

This salt is less soluble than its dull-green isomer trans-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride. This pair of isomers were significant in the development of the area of coordination chemistry. The chiral cis isomer is obtained by heating the trans isomer. Both isomers of dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) have often been used in stereochemical studies.
Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride in contrast to the bis(ethylenediamine) complexes does not undergo substitution.
# African American Flag

African American Flag may refer to:
* Black American Heritage Flag, the ethnic flag of the African American people
* Pan-African flag, which represents pan-Africanism, the African diaspora, and/or black nationalism
* African-American Flag, a 1990 vexillographic artwork by David Hammons