OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Philip, Lord Philip

Alexander Morrison Philip, Lord Philip, PC (born 3 August 1942) is a Scottish lawyer and former Senator of the College of Justice.

## Early life

The son of Alexander Philip, OBE and Isobel Thomson Morrison, Philip was educated at the High School of Glasgow, where he was a contemporary of Arthur Hamilton, former Lord President of the Court of Session. He studied at the University of St Andrews, graduating MA in 1963, and at the School of Law at Glasgow, taking an LLB in 1965. He subsequently practised as a solicitor between 1967 and 1972, before being admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1973. In 1982, he became Standing Junior Counsel to the Scottish Education Department, and between then and 1985 he served as an Advocate-Depute, taking silk in 1984.

## Judicial career

Between 1988 and 1992, Philip was Chairman of the Medical Appeal Tribunals, and in 1993 became Chairman of the Scottish Land Court and President of the Lands Tribunal for Scotland.
In 1996, Philip was appointed a Lord of Session and Lord Commissioner of Justiciary, a judge of the Court of Session and High Court, taking the judicial title, Lord Philip. He served for a time on the Judicial Studies Committee for Scotland, and was elevated to the Inner House in 2005. As is customary with such appointments, he was appointed to the Privy Council, affording him the style, The Right Honourable.
He retired from the Bench in 2007, but continued to sit on an occasional basis. In 2010-11 he chaired the Mull of Kintyre Review of evidence relating to the fatal Chinook helicopter crash on Kintyre on 2 June 1994, as a result of which the previous finding that the pilots of the aircraft had been guilty of gross negligence was set aside.
He was succeeded in the Inner House by Lord Reed, whose vacancy in the Outer House was filled by the newly appointed Lord Woolman.

## Personal life

Philip married Shona Mary Macrae in 1971,(m. diss. 2013) with whom he has three sons. He enjoys golf and piping, and is a member of the Royal Scottish Pipers' Society, the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers
# Edward Dayes

Edward Dayes (1763 in London – May 1804 in London) was an English watercolour painter and engraver in mezzotint.

## Life

He studied under William Pether, and began to exhibit at the Royal Academy in 1786, when he showed a portrait and views of Waltham Cross and Canterbury. In the three following years he exhibited both miniatures and landscapes. He continued to exhibit at the Academy regularly until the year of his death, contributing a total of 64 works. He also was an exhibitor at the Society of Artists.
Dayes drew from nature in various parts of England, including the Lake District and Wales. Much of his topographical work depicted ruins, painted in a palette dominated by blues and greens, which had an influence on the early work of J. M. W. Turner. He laid out detailed rules for the correct method of laying down the colours in landscape in his Instructions for Drawing and Colouring Landscapes, published posthumously. The art historian Graham Reynolds sees Dayes' work as "mark[ing] the transition from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century".
Many of his drawings were crowded with figures; among these were two views of the interior of St. Paul's Cathedral on the occasion of the thanksgiving for the king's recovery in 1789, The Trial of Warren Hastings in Westminster Abbey, and Buckingham House, St. James's Park (1780), later hung in the South Kensington Museum. All these works were engraved. In 1798 Dayes began to show scriptural subjects, such as The Fall of the Angels (1798), John preaching in the Wilderness (1799), the Triumph of Beauty (1800), and Elisha causing Iron to swim (1801).
He was draughtsman to the Duke of York and Albany. Thomas Girtin, was his pupil.
Dayes engraved at least four mezzotints, one after George Morland, another after John Raphael Smith, and two humorous scenes called Rustic Courtship and Polite Courtship. He wrote an Excursion through Derbyshire and Yorkshire, Essays on Painting, Instructions for Drawing and Colouring Landscapes, and Professional Sketches of Modern Artists. He committed suicide at the end of May 1804. After his death his works were collected and edited by E. W. Bradley, and published for the benefit of his widow in 1805.
His wife painted miniatures and exhibited four works at the Royal Academy between 1797 and 1800.
# All the Shah's Men

All the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror is a book written by American journalist Stephen Kinzer. The book discusses the 1953 Iranian coup d'état backed by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in which Mohammed Mossadegh, Iran's democratically elected prime minister, was overthrown by Islamists supported by American and British agents (chief among them Kermit Roosevelt) and royalists loyal to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

## Summary

In 1933 Reza Shah signed a deal selling Iranian oil extraction rights to the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. Though Iran was officially neutral at the start of World War II, its monarch was friendly towards the Axis. Following the 1941 Allied Invasion of Iran, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favour of his son Mohammad Reza Shah, who upheld the oil agreement with APOC, which by then had been renamed the "Anglo-Iranian Oil Company". When the first democratically elected parliament and prime minister in Iran took power in 1950 they planned to seize the oil assets in Iran that had been developed by the British, violating the still running oil contract with British Petroleum. The British government followed to court in the Hague's International Court, but the Court did not rule, as it did not have jurisdiction. Britain reacted by blockading the Persian Gulf, the Strait of Hormuz, halting Iran's trade and economy. At this point Mohammad Reza Shah escaped Iran and took refugee in the West and the whole power went into hands of the elected government led by Mohammad Mosaddegh.
The US was concerned that Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh was seeking help from the local superpower, the Soviet Union, against Britain. The Eisenhower administration agreed with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill's government to restore the pro-Western Shah to power. In the summer of 1953, the CIA and Britain's MI6 arranged a coup in Tehran. Mossadegh was successfully overthrown and spent the rest of his life on his country estate under house arrest, and Iran remained a staunch Cold War ally of the West. After more than 20 years of the Shah's rule, there was a bloody revolution in 1979 and brought into power an Islamic republic, which has ruled ever since.
Regarding US policy as it developed towards Iran in the early 1950s, the book portrays it as having been variously driven by the fear of annoying the British, an attempt to be an honest broker, or an effort to stop the spread of Communism. The fact, stated at the end of the book, that US companies were granted the majority of the oil concessions from the Shah's government after the coup, does not feature significantly in the earlier part of the narrative.
# Alucita microscopica

Alucita microscopica is a moth of the family Alucitidae. It was first described by Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher in 1910 and is found in Sri Lanka.
# Amboasary Gara

Amboasary (also Amboasary Gara) is a rural commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Moramanga, which is a part of Alaotra-Mangoro Region. The population of the commune was 13,601 in 2018.
Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 60% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are cassava and taro. Industry and services provide employment for 8% and 22% of the population, respectively. Additionally fishing employs 10% of the population. Amboasary Gara is a railway station on the Moramanga - Alaotra Lake line.
# Aleksandr Golovin

Aleksandr Golovin may refer to:
* Aleksandr Golovin (artist) (1863–1930), Russian artist and stage designer
* Alexander Vasiliyevich Golovin (born 1949), Russian diplomat and ambassador
* Aleksandr Golovin (footballer) (born 1996), Russian football player
* Alexander Golovin (ice hockey) (born 1983), Russian ice hockey player
* Aleksandr Golovin (wrestler) (born 1995), Russian Greco-Roman junior wrestler, silver world cup
# Max Merritt and the Meteors (album)

Max Merritt and the Meteors is the third album from the band of the same name, which had moved to Australia from New Zealand in the mid-1960s. The band worked the live pub circuit in Melbourne in the late 1960s and this album was recorded in 1969 at Armstrong Studios with Ron Wills producing.
The best charting single from the LP, released in late 1969, was "Western Union Man", which peaked nationally at number 13. The album itself reached number 8 on the Australian album charts in 1970.

## Track listing

* "Western Union Man" (Gamble-Huff-Butler)
* "Fannie Mae" (Glascoe-Lewis-Levy)
* "To Be a Lover"
* "Louisiana Ana"
* "You Touch Me"
* "Been Away too Long" (Merritt)
* "Home Is Where the Heart Is" (Merritt)
* "I'm Just Wasting Time"
* "Turkish Bath" (Bertles)
* "Lay a Little Love on Me"
* "Can't Come Back"

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1970) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 8 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1970) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 24 |
# Eressa vespina

Eressa vespina is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1912. It is found on Borneo.
# Derjan

Derjan is a village and a former municipality in the Dibër County, northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Mat. The population at the 2011 census was 1,102. It includes the following settlements: Derjan, Urxallë, Barbullej, Dukagjin, Gjoçaj, Lam i Madh, Zall Gjoçaj.

## Demographic history

Derjan (Dirjani) is recorded in the Ottoman defter of 1467 as a settlement belonging to the timar of Ali in the vilayet of Mati. The village was relatively small with a total of five households which were represented by the following household heads: Pal Balazi, Mihal Divalmi, Andrija Kipota, Gjergj Divalmi, and Gjon Kipota. In the register, a certain Mark Kastrioti from Derjan is attested as a yamak stationed in the village of Shtjaknëz (modern Shqefën).
# Edward Raban (British Army officer)

Brigadier-General Sir Edward Raban, KCB, KBE (8 August 1850 – 8 February 1927) was a British Army officer in the Royal Engineers.
# All the Sinners Bleed

All the Sinners Bleed is a 2023 thriller novel written by S. A. Cosby and published by Flatiron Books.

## Overview

An African American sheriff, in a small town in southern Virginia, faces off with a serial killer.
An example of "southern noir", the book examines the racial and geopolitical fault lines of America's South.

## Reception

The novel was generally well received by critics. On the review aggregator website Book Marks, the novel received a "Rave" consensus based on a mix of 3 "positive" and 5 "rave" reviews by mainstream critics. In a starred review, Kirkus Reviews called the novel "another provocative and page-turning entry in the Southern noir genre." In another starred review, Publishers Weekly begins their assessment calling it "a superb thriller" and continues to say that "the hard-edged storytelling is supplemented by richly developed characters", that Cosby "elegantly layers his narrative over Virginia’s racial history, giving the proceedings uncommon emotional depth."
Authors Chris Bohjalian, Ellery Adams, and Roxanne Gay praised the novel with 5-star reviews on Goodreads. The novel was also nominated for the 2023 Goodreads Choice Awards for Mystery & Thriller.

## Awards

| Year | Award | Award | Result |
| 2023 | Crime Fiction Lovers Award | Book of the Year | Shortlisted |
| 2023 | Goodreads Choice Awards | Mystery & Thriller | Nominated—10th |
| 2023 | Los Angeles Times Book Prize | Mystery/Thriller | Shortlisted |
| 2023 | Libby Book Award | Audiobook | Shortlisted |
| 2024 | Anthony Award | Hardcover Novel | Won |
| 2024 | Andrew Carnegie Medals for Excellence | Fiction | Longlisted |
| 2024 | Audie Award | Audiobook of the Year | Shortlisted |
| 2024 | CWA Ian Fleming Steel Dagger | — | Shortlisted |
| 2024 | Edgar Award | Novel | Shortlisted |
| 2024 | ITW Award | Hardcover Novel | Won |
| 2024 | Lefty Award | Mystery Novel | Shortlisted |
| 2024 | Macavity Award | Mystery Novel | Pending |
| 2024 | Southern Book Prize | Fiction | Shortlisted |
| 2024 | The Strand Critics Award | Novel | Shortlisted |
# Eleutherodactylus ionthus

Eleutherodactylus ionthus is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae endemic to Cuba. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Davit Benidze

Davit Benidze (Georgian: დავით ბენიძე; born 15 February 1991) is a Georgian chess player who received the FIDE title of Grandmaster (GM) in October 2013.

## Biography

Benidze repeatedly represented Georgia at the European Youth Chess Championships and World Youth Chess Championships in different age groups, where he won four medals: gold (in 2005, at the European Youth Chess Championship in the U14 age group), silver (in 2001, at the World Youth Chess Championship in the U10 age group) and two bronze (in 2004, at the European Youth Chess Championship in the U14 age group, and in 2009, at the European Youth Chess Championship in the U18 age group). In 2006, he played for Georgia in the World Youth U16 Chess Olympiad and won team silver medal and individual bronze medal. In 2010, in Zürich Davit Benidze won a bronze medal at the World Student Championship.
He is the winner of many international chess tournaments, including winning or first prize or shared first place in the Georgi Tringov memorial in Plovdiv (2012), Kahramanmaraş (2013), Hatay (2013), Bitlis (2013).
In 2008, Benidze was awarded the International Master (IM) title and received the Grandmaster (GM) title five years later.
# Amber House

Amber House is one of the older two-storey villas in New Zealand's third founded city of Nelson in the top of the South Island at 46 Weka Street.
It is a traditional colonial-style construction using native Rimu and Matai timbers with an external brick chimney that originally served four large fireplaces.
The original, highly decorated, cast iron sewage vent pipes are still intact and visible on the exterior of the building.

## Cabragh House School

From 1906 until 1927 Amber House housed a "Boarding and Day School for Girls and Little Boys" known as Cabragh House School operated by the Hornsby family from Ireland. Edwardian photographs of both the scholars and the school have been preserved.

## Original wallpaper

Amber House preserves a small section of its original unfaded wallpaper from the late 19th century that was revealed during recent renovations.
Because New Zealand has had for the last two centuries (and continues to have) the highest ultraviolet exposure levels of any populated region on earth it is extremely rare to find used (as opposed to unused roll) examples of Victorian era wallpaper in New Zealand that have not faded badly.
This remarkable state of preservation is rather surprising considering that Nelson competes yearly with its neighbours Richmond and Blenheim for claiming the highest number of sunshine hours in the country, with an annual average total of over 2,400 hours.

## Earthquake resilience

Of particular interest is the tall brick chimney on the west side of Amber House that has survived major earthquakes in 1929 (Arthur's Pass and Murchison), 1968 (Īnangahua) and 1994 without a single crack blemishing its surface.
There has been speculation that, because deep below Amber House are separate beds of shale and sand, these strata have acted like a naturally occurring analogue of the earthquake resistant of the Parliament House in Wellington to reduce the incidence of short periodicity lateral waves at Amber House during earthquakes.
The evident resilience of this old chimney means that it is even possible that it pre-dates the 1893 magnitude 6.9 Nelson earthquake that moved the spire of Christ Church Cathedral in Nelson nearly a metre out of the vertical plane.

## Old English Walnut tree

Amber House has the oldest English Walnut tree (Juglans regia) in the South Island in the back garden. Although old, this venerable tree is relatively small since, when it was originally planted, it would have been only yards from the original shoreline and on very sandy soil with the roots lacking an adequate water supply. This desiccation has resulted in an almost Bonsai like effect.
# Marshmallows (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Marshmallows is the debut mini-LP of The For Carnation, released on March 12, 1996 by Matador Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by The For Carnation

## Personnel

Adapted from the Marshmallows liner notes.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1996 | Matador | CD, LP | olé 172 |
# Mayumuluka

Mayumuluka is one of the woredas (districts) in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Fiq Zone, Mayumuluka is bordered on the south by Lagahida, on the west and north by the Oromia Region, on the northeast by the Jijiga Zone, and on the east by the Erer which separates it from Fiq.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 99,907, of whom 62,107 are men and 37,805 women. While 4,157 or 34.91% are urban inhabitants, a further 5,392 or 45.28% are pastoralists. 99.21% of the population said they were Muslim.
# Epner (surname)

Epner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eero Epner (born 1978), Estonian art historian and playwright
* Johan Epner (1893–?), Estonian politician
# Maximum temperature

Maximum temperature may refer to:
* Highest temperature recorded on Earth
* Maximum safe storage temperature, the highest temperature at which a chemical may safely be stored
* Maximum operating temperature, the highest temperature at which a piece of equipment may safely be operated
# H-infinity loop-shaping

H-infinity loop-shaping is a design methodology in modern control theory. It combines the traditional intuition of classical control methods, such as Bode's sensitivity integral, with H-infinity optimization techniques to achieve controllers whose stability and performance properties hold despite bounded differences between the nominal plant assumed in design and the true plant encountered in practice. Essentially, the control system designer describes the desired responsiveness and noise-suppression properties by weighting the plant transfer function in the frequency domain; the resulting 'loop-shape' is then 'robustified' through optimization. Robustification usually has little effect at high and low frequencies, but the response around unity-gain crossover is adjusted to maximise the system's stability margins. H-infinity loop-shaping can be applied to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems.
H-infinity loop-shaping can be carried out using commercially available software.
H-infinity loop-shaping has been successfully deployed in industry. In 1995, R. Hyde, K. Glover and G. T. Shanks published a paper describing the successful application of the technique to a VTOL aircraft. In 2008, D. J. Auger, S. Crawshaw and S. L. Hall published another paper describing a successful application to a steerable marine radar tracker, noting that the technique had the following benefits:
* Easy to apply – commercial software handles the hard math.
* Easy to implement – standard transfer functions and state-space methods can be used.
* Plug and play – no need for re-tuning on an installation-by-installation basis.
A closely related design methodology, developed at about the same time, was based on the theory of the gap metric. It was applied in 1993 for designing controllers to dampen vibrations in large flexible structures at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Jet Propulsion Laboratory
# Adam Henderson (footballer)

Adam Henderson (16 July 1873–unknown) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Preston North End.
# Aoyama Station

Aoyama Station (青山駅) is the name of three train stations in Japan:
* Aoyama Station (Aichi)
* Aoyama Station (Iwate)
* Aoyama Station (Niigata)
# Digital Creations

Digital Creations may refer to:
* A company based in Folsom, California that developed software for the Amiga, including Brilliance
* A company based in Fredericksburg, Virginia that developed Zope
# Martin Felton

Martin Felton is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.
Felton played two official A-international matches for the New Zealand in 1984, both against Pacific minnows Fiji, the first a 2–1 win on 18 October, the second two days later a 1–1 draw on 20 October 1984.
# Habitual Levitations (Instilling Words with Tones)

Habitual Levitations (Instilling Words with Tones) is the fourth studio album by American progressive metal band Intronaut. It was released on 18 March 2013 in Europe and 19 March 2013 in North America on Century Media Records, which also released their previous two albums Prehistoricisms and Valley of Smoke.
Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 81/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Alternative Press | |
| Blabbermouth | |
| Decibel Magazine | |
| Exclaim! | |
| Revolver | |
| Sputnikmusic | 3.3/5 |

## Personnel
### Intronaut

* Sacha Dunable – guitar, vocals
* Dave Timnick – guitar, vocals
* Danny Walker – drums
* Joe Lester – bass

### Production

* John Haddad - recording engineer for drums
* Derek Donley - recording engineer for guitars, bass, and vocals
* Josh Newell - mixer
* Paul Logus - master
* David D'Andrea - layout

## Release

The album is available as a digital download, CD and 12 inch double LP. The track "Milk Leg" premiered on Invisible Oranges on 29 January 2013 and a video debuted on 5 February 2013. On 15 February 2013, "The Welding" was premiered on Pitchfork. On 1 March 2013, "The Way Down" premiered on the German music site, Visions.de.
# Epuraea linearis

Epuraea linearis is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae, that may vary from sizes 2.7-3.0 mm. It is found in North America. Its habitat may be on pine and spruce, and are usually seen from the season of May until September of the year.

## Range

Holarctic boreal/montane; in NA, Quebec (QC)-Northwest Territories (NT)-Alaska (AK) to New Hampshire (NH)-Wisconsin (WI)-Colorado (CO)-New Mexico (NM)- Arizona (AZ)-Oregon (OR).
# Delilah Gore

Delilah Pueka Gore (born 24 June 1962) is a Papua New Guinean politician. She was a member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea from 2012 to 2017, representing the electorate of Sohe Open. She was Minister for Higher Education, Science, Research and Technology and later Minister for Religion, Youth & Community Development in the government of Peter O'Neill.
She was elected to the Sohe District, in the Northern Province, in the 2012 election. She was one of only three women in the 2021-17 Parliament, and had spoken out in the past about the need for a small number of reserved seats for women in parliament. However, she rejected calls for affirmative action, and undid some of the pro-women reforms introduced by her predecessor, Dame Carol Kidu.
In August 2015 she was suspended from Cabinet for three months without pay after verbally abusing and threatening a flight attendant who had asked her to turn off her mobile phone on an Air Niugini flight. (Gore was removed from the plane as a consequence of her behaviour.)
She was defeated by Henry Amuli at the 2017 election. She had been the last of the three women MPs in the previous parliament to remain in serious contention; her defeat marked the first time since 1997 that no women sat in the parliament.