OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lo Rat Penat

Lo Rat Penat (in English the bat) is a cultural society of the Valencian Community created in 1878 for the teaching, diffusion and preservation of the Valencian language and culture. Its headquarters are located in the city centre of Valencia, and its name refers to the Valencia's heraldic symbol which is a bat.

## Activities

Lo Rat Penat holds annual contests, especially during the major festivals of the Valencian Community like its contest of short Falla books, the Alicante's bonfires short books contest, the Saint Vincent miracles theatre contest, or the Roodmas flower crosses contest. In particular, its short Falla books contest (Concurs de Llibrets de Falla) has been recognised by the UNESCO intangible cultural heritage declaration of the Fallas. Lo Rat Penat holds the annual edition of the Valencian Floral games which award the best productions of the Valencian literature. Besides it counts with sections devoted to the Valencian chant, dances, chorus, and publishing.

### Valencian language

The association is devoted to the diffusion, recuperation and teaching of the Valencian language. Lo Rat Penat supports the singularity of the Valencian language as opposed to a variety of Catalan. The association defends, uses, and promotes an alternative codification for Valencian called Norms of El Puig, regulated by the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (RACV), and calls for its officialization. In this respect, it considers the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture as the authentic regulator of Valencian, and rejects the current official normative institution, the Valencian Academy of the Language (AVL), and its Catalan unitarian standard.
In this field the association organises several courses of Valencian following the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Its teaching activity has only been official by the Valencian authorities in the period 1980–1983, and was legally recognised between 2015 and 2016. Ever since Lo Rat Penat calls for the officialization of its Valencian qualifications. Its linguistic and cultural activities have usually had the economic aid of the Valencian administrations, and the association has counted with the support of notable Valencian personalities.
# Codringtonia

Codringtonia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae, the typical snails.

## Species

Species within the genus Codringtonia include:
Subgenus Codringtonia Kobelt, 1898
* Codringtonia codringtonii (Gray, 1834) – rock snail – type species
* Codringtonia elisabethae Subai, 2005
* Codringtonia eucineta (Bourguignat, 1857)
* Codringtonia gittenbergeri Subai, 2005
* Codringtonia helenae Subai, 2005
* Codringtonia intusplicata (Pfeiffer, 1851)
* Codringtonia parnassia (Roth, 1855)
Subgenus Neocrassa Subai, 2005
* Codringtonia neocrassa Zilch, 1952
# Cretotabanus

Cretotabanus is a genus of horse flies in the family Tabanidae.

## Species

* Cretotabanus cretatus (Fairchild, 1961)
* Cretotabanus newjerseyensis Grimaldi, 2011
# Reşadiye, Çivril

Reşadiye is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çivril, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 328 (2022).
# Château de Montaigut

The Château de Montaigut is a castle in the French commune of Gissac in the département of Aveyron. It is a listed monument since 1987.
The first traces of the Château de Montaigut date from the 10th century. Built on a rocky outcrop dominating the valley of the Dourdou de Camarès river, it defended the town of Saint-Affrique against attacks from the south. Enlarged and transformed in the 15th century by the Blanc family, it was restored several times before falling into ruin. The association Amis du château de Montaigut, which took ownership in 1968, undertook a massive restoration. The castle was finally restored in 1989.
The castle is built on a Middle Ages necropolis.
The castle has vaulted rooms served by a spiral staircase, a cellar, a cistern carved in the rock, a guard room and prison, bedrooms and kitchens. The plasterworks are from the 17th century.
Today, the castle has become a permanent centre for cultural events. It is one of a group of 23 castles in Aveyron which have joined together to provide a tourist itinerary as the Route des Seigneurs du Rouergue.
# Adolf Schlyssleder

Adolf Schlyssleder or Adolph Schlyssleder (1909–1995) was a German film editor and assistant director. He also directed the 1942 comedy film Der Hochtourist. He spent his career working at the Bavaria Studios in his native Munich.

## Selected filmography

* Manja Valewska (1936)
* Peterle (1943)
* Between Yesterday and Tomorrow (1947)
* The Millionaire (1947)
* The Lost Face (1948)
* Beloved Liar (1950)
* Everything for the Company (1950)
* Kissing Is No Sin (1950)
* The Crucifix Carver of Ammergau (1952)
* Marriage Strike (1953)
* The Monastery's Hunter (1953)
* Hubertus Castle (1954)
* Dear Miss Doctor (1954)
* Love and Trumpets (1954)
* School for Marriage (1954)
* Two Bavarians in the Harem (1957)
* Gräfin Mariza (1958)
* Mikosch, the Pride of the Company (1958)
* A Summer You Will Never Forget (1959)
* I Will Always Be Yours (1960)
* His Best Friend (1962)
* The Flying Classroom (1973)
* When Mother Went on Strike (1974)
# List of national presidents of the Boy Scouts of America

The national chair is the leading volunteer of the National Executive Board of the Boy Scouts of America, a position comparable to the chairman of a board of directors.
Prior to 2018, the role of National Chair was titled National President. The National Chair is a member of the National Key 3 along with the National Commissioner and the President and Chief Executive Officer.

## List

| Term | President |
| 1910–1925 | Colin H. Livingstone |
| 1925–1926 | James J. Storrow (died in office) |
| 1926 (March–May) | Milton A. McRae |
| 1926–1931 | Walter W. Head |
| 1931 | Mortimer L. Schiff (died in office) |
| 1931–1946 | Walter W. Head |
| 1946–1951 | Amory Houghton |
| 1951–1956 | John Mortimer Schiff |
| 1956–1959 | Kenneth K. Bechtel |
| 1959–1964 | Ellsworth Hunt Augustus |
| 1964–1968 | Thomas J. Watson |
| 1968–1971 | Irving Feist |
| 1971–1973 | Norton Clapp |
| 1973–1975 | Robert W. Reneker |
| 1975–1977 | Arch H. Monson. Jr. |
| 1977–1979 | Downing B. Jenks |
| 1979 | John D. Murchison (died in office) |
| 1979–1980 | Downing B. Jenks |
| 1980–1982 | Thomas C. MacAvoy |
| 1982–1984 | Edward C. Joullian III |
| 1984–1986 | Sanford N. McDonnell |
| 1986–1988 | Charles M. Pigott |
| 1988–1990 | Harold S. Hook |
| 1990–1992 | Richard H. Leet |
| 1992–1994 | John L. Clendenin |
| 1994–1996 | Norman R. Augustine |
| 1996–1998 | John W. Creighton Jr. |
| 1998–2000 | Edward Whitacre |
| 2000–2002 | Milton H. Ward |
| 2002–2004 | Roy S. Roberts |
| 2004–2006 | John C. Cushman |
| 2006–2008 | Rick Cronk |
| 2008–2010 | John Gottschalk |
| 2010–2012 | Rex Tillerson |
| 2012–2014 | Wayne M. Perry |
| 2014–2016 | Robert Gates |
| 2016–2018 | Randall L. Stephenson |
| 2018–2020 | Jim Turley |
| 2020–2023 | Daniel Gil "Dan" Ownby |
| 2023–present | Brad Tilden |
# Casalecchio–Vignola railway

The Casalecchio–Vignola railway is an Italian railway connecting Casalecchio di Reno to Vignola, in Emilia-Romagna.

## History

For decades, the Casalecchio–Vignola railway was used only as a freight line. Passenger service was reinstated on 13 September 2003 from Casalecchio Garibaldi railway station to Bazzano, Valsamoggia; on 19 September 2004, passenger service was reinstated on the remaining part of the line, between Bazzano and Vignola.
# Air India 182 (film)

Air India 182 is a 2008 documentary directed by Sturla Gunnarsson, and produced by David York. It is about the Air India Flight 182 bombing in 1985. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation commissioned the film, which originally had the preliminary title Flight 182. Gunarsson stated that he hoped the film would cause Canadians to contemplate domestic terrorism.
The film includes interviews from family members of the deceased, and other figures, including Ujjal Dosanjh, Eisha Marjara, Lata Pada, and Renée Sarojini Saklikar. One of the associate producers, Judy Koonar, is Gunarsson's wife and of Punjabi origin. The color white represents death in the Indian cultures, so the interviews were screened on a white background. The film also incorporates transcripts, re-enactments, and documents related to the case.
The film premiered at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in April 2008, and in June of that year it was screened at the Vancity Theatre in Vancouver. Dave Hayer attended the Vancouver screening. The CBC planned to air the documentary on June 22 with no commercials.
Gunarsson argued that there were Sikh victims and therefore, as paraphrased by Charlie Smith of The Georgia Straight, "this wasn't a case of Sikhs attacking Hindus, because there were Sikh passengers." Smith argued that the conclusion about the sectarian nature was opposite of that made by The Sorrow and the Terror: The Haunting Legacy of the Air India Tragedy.

## Cast

* Gurpreet Singh Chana – Inderjit Singh Reyat
* Baljinder Singh – Talwinder Singh Parmar
* Sarabjeet Singh – Hardial Singh Johal
* Ankush Kapoor – Surjan Singh Gill
* Rodney Ahluwalia – Rupudaman Singh Malik
* Justin Ward – Michael "Mike" Quinn (air traffic controller at Shannon Airport)
* Adam D. Millard – Doug Henderson
* Jodie Graham – Ray Kobze
Amateur actors play the victims and family members.

## Reception

Monika Bartyzel of Moviefone wrote that the recreations added to the film because they "keep the story clear" and add "tangible [scenes that make the film] real". She added that the scenes "[allow the audience] to become more intimately familiar with each person – terrorist, victim, and official – in a way that flushes out their stories."
The film was shortlisted for the Donald Brittain Award for Best Social or Political Documentary and won the Best Documentary Editing Award at the 24th Gemini Awards and the inaugural Director's Guild of Canada's Allan King Award for Excellence in Documentary in 2009.
# Abraham of Arbela

Abraham of Arbela (died c. 345) (also known as Abramius) was a bishop of Arbela in Sassanid Persia.
During the imprisonment of Bishop Ioannis of Arbela, he was appointed as his deputy by the local religious community. The church historian Sozomen (died c. 450) described in the second book of his Christian Church, among other things, the persecutions and tortures that took place in the Persian Empire under Shapur II (died 379). In paragraph 8 of chapter 8 he says:
   At that same period of government [of Sapor] the blood of an almost innumerable multitude of bishops, priests, deacons, lower clergy, religious and consecrated virgins, received the crown of martyrdom.
Among the names he had been able to retrieve, the name of Bishop Abraham of Arbela also appeared. He was tortured and later beheaded under Shapur II because he refused to worship the sun in Telman. The saint is venerated on February 5.
He has two feast days – February 4 and 5, but January 31 in the Catholic Church.
# John Layport

John Evans Layport (March 19, 1901 – November 4, 1986) was an American football player.
Layport was born in 1901 in Pataskala, Ohio, and attended East High School in Cincinnati and Loveland High School. He played college football for Wooster College from 1920 to 1922 as a guard and was the captain of the 1922 Wooster football team. His brothers, Herbert and Charles Layport, also played for Wooster's football team.
Layport also played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Columbus Tigers in 1924 and the Dayton Triangles in 1925 and 1926. He appeared in 13 NFL games.
He served in the Army during World War II and worked as a traffic department executive from AT&T. After retiring from AT&T, he moved to Virginia. He was married to Marguerite LaPorte, an opera singer. He died in 1986 in Hendersonville, North Carolina.
# Robert Knox (private equity investor)

Robert A. Knox (born March 4, 1952), is a private equity investor, a founder and senior managing director of Cornerstone Equity Investors. He was chairman of Boston University's board of trustees from 2008 to 2016.

## Career

Knox designed and executed the initial Alternative Asset investment strategy at Prudential Financial beginning in 1981 and was chairman and chief executive officer of Prudential Equity Investors, the private equity subsidiary of Prudential. Subsequently, Knox and other executives founded Cornerstone Equity Investors, a New York-based investment firm.
Cornerstone has funded over 120 companies through buyouts and growth equity financing in healthcare services and products, business services, technology and consumer products. Portfolio investments have included Dell Computer, Health Management Associates, Linear Technology, Micron Technology, Centurion, Team Health, and True Temper Sports.
Knox has served on the boards of more than 25 private and public companies and has a long history of expertise in the healthcare sector as well as broad experience in technology, finance and consumer product companies. He currently serves on the boards of directors of Health Management Associates (NYSE) and several other private firms.
# Africa Gospel Unity Church

The Africa Gospel Unity Church was founded in 1964 by a pastor who left the National Holiness Mission. The Africa Gospel Unity Church adheres to the 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith. Most congregations are in rural areas. The church's leadership is all-male. In 2004, there were 3,500 members in eighty congregations and eighty house fellowships.

## History of Church

Per reformiert-online.net: "The AGUC was formed in 1964 by a pastor who left the National Holiness Mission after a dispute over administrative matters. Due to negligence and insufficiently qualified personnel, disorder in the membership and in the church grew (for example, polygamists were admitted to church office). Fellowship in 1970 with the EACE and the ICCC (membership was later dropped) brought the church in touch with missionaries of the IBPFM and with Ref theology. A group of younger pastors, trained at the Bible College of East Africa, were instrumental in reforming the church in 1982 by removing polygamous leaders and rewriting its constitution. The AGUC maintains the Baptist Confession of Faith (1689). Most of the congregation are in rural areas. The need for worship places within walking distance has been met by establishing numerous preaching stations and training additional lay preachers. Two thirds of Sunday worshipers are not communicant members yet. Every month each regional council holds an “evangelistic outreach” in which visits from house to house are made."

## Church Statistics

* Members total: 3500, admitted to participate in the Lord's Supper: 2000, baptised: 2000
* Parishes(conventionally): 80
* House fellowships (Number of growing parishes): 80
* Ordained clergy total: 11, Men: 11, no women's ordination
* Elders/Presbyters total: 95, men: 95
* Deacons total: 160, Men: 130, Women: 30
* Missionaries total: 0 missionaries do not work abroad
* Baptismal practice: Believer's Baptism
* Godparents: no godparents
* Lord's Supper: Frequency per annum: 4
* Theological training facilities: Number: 1
* Founded in: 1964
* Organizational structures: local church, district, region, and central church councils
* Official languages: English, Swahili
* Languages during church services: English, Swahili
* Confessions: Apostles´ Creed

## Location

AGUC, P.O. Box 33, 20400 Bomet, Kenya (Africa), Address-No.: 1394 / 1069
# Robert Heath (mathematician)

Robert Heath (died 1779) was an English army officer, mathematician, and periodical editor.

## Life

Heath was a captain in the British Army, and was described late in life as a "half-pay captain of invalids". For a time he served with his regiment in the Scilly Isles. He tried to establish a Palladium Society, under his own control.

## The Ladies' Diary

Heath is best known as a contributor to The Ladies' Diary, from 1737. He was taken onto the staff, and proposed the prize essays for 1739, 1740, 1742, 1746, and 1748. When Henry Beighton, editor of the Diary, died in October 1743, the proprietors, the Stationers' Company, allowed Beighton's widow to run it with Heath as her deputy. In that capacity Heath exercised full editorial control from 1744 to 1753, and continued to write under his own and assumed names.
A personal quarrel with Thomas Simpson led Heath to denigrate in print Simpson's Doctrine of Ultimators (1750) and Doctrine of Fluxions (1751), while praising related works on the same subject by William Emerson. John Turner, who like Emerson was a contributor to the Diary, inserted in his Mathematical Exercises (1750–3) a defence of Simpson against Heath, signed "Honestus". In 1753 the Stationers' Company dismissed Heath and installed Simpson in the editorial chair.

## Works

John Holmes and his Greek grammar were attacked by Heath and Robert Hankinson in a controversy from the period 1738–40. Holmes wrote in his own defence, and had support from Thomas Simpson. Heath also published on the longitude problem. He had a reputation for indecent writing and innuendo in the Town and Country Magazine and The Rambler's Magazine.
While editor of the Ladies' Diary, Heath started in 1749 a journal on similar lines of his own account, The Palladium, which then ran for nearly 30 years, to 1778, under changing titles. It was said that he poached for it better contributions sent to him as editor of the Diary.
Heath wrote A History of the Islands of Scilly, with a Tradition of the Land called Lioness, and a General Account of Cornwall. The book, published in London in 1750, and dedicated to the Duke of Cumberland, included a new map of the isles, drawn by Heath from a survey made in 1744; it was reprinted in 1808 in John Pinkerton's Voyages and Travels, ii. 729–784. His other works included:
* The Practical Arithmetician, 1750.
* Truth Triumphant: or Fluxions for the Ladies, 1752; part of the controversy with Simpson and Turner.
* The Ladies' Chronologer, No. I. 1754 (amalgamated with the Palladium of 1755).
* The Ladies' Philosopher, No. I. 1752, II. 1753, III. 1754.
* Astronomia Accurata; or the Royal Astronomer and Navigator, 1760.
* General and Particular Account of the Annular Eclipse of the Sun which happened on Sunday, April 1, 1764.
# John Loder (sound engineer)

John F. Loder (7 April 1946 – 12 August 2005) was an English sound engineer, record producer and founder of Southern Studios, as well as a former member of EXIT and co-founder of the Southern Records distribution company with his wife Sue. He was also the studio engineer of choice for Crass and Crass Records, and was often considered to be the band's "ninth member".
Loder was born near Plymouth and educated at boarding school before studying electrical engineering at London's City University. During his post-graduate work there, he became involved in early experiments in digital encoding of audio for the military. By 1970 he had joined EXIT, alongside Penny Rimbaud, utilising a one-track tape-recorder. This led to Loder eventually founding a record studio in his garage after the disbanding of EXIT in 1974. Loder was recording advertising jingles in 1977 when his path crossed once again with Rimbaud, who had by then co-founded Crass, and invited Loder to become the band's engineer and financial manager, roles Loder happily accepted.
When Crass founded their own record label, Loder worked as an engineer on most of the label's releases, and when Loder saw potential in a number of bands turned away by Crass Records, Loder set up Southern Records.
Loder engineered and produced for many bands other than Crass, among them the Jesus and Mary Chain (for whom he engineered the recordings of the Psychocandy album), Big Black (Songs About Fucking), PJ Harvey, Babes in Toyland, Fugazi (mastering the vinyl edition of 2001's The Argument), Ministry and Shellac (mastering 2000's 1000 Hurts). American musician and recording engineer Steve Albini (member of Big Black and Shellac), has spoken highly of Loder and described him as a critical influence:
    When I was in Big Black we did a session with him, and I thought he was a terrific engineer. He showed me the potential for getting the most out of the equipment without making the equipment the focus of attention. He knew how to do things quickly and with great sensitivity to the band, and had a complete working knowledge of his equipment. In any situation he could snap his fingers and do the right thing, because he knew exactly how things worked and what to do.
In the mid-1980s, Loder established a television production facility at Southern. Its notable output included the music show Snub TV, which after first being syndicated nationwide in the US, went on to further success on BBC2 and in other countries.
Loder was responsible for encouraging and establishing independent alternative ezines, donating the use of Southern's servers and bandwidth, taking part in pioneering online media streaming and simulcasting.
Loder died of a brain tumour on 12 August 2005, aged 59.
# Cis-Cyclooctene

cis-Cyclooctene is a cycloalkene with the formula (CH$_2$)$_6$(CH)$_2$. It is a colorless liquid that is used industrially to produce a polymer. It is also a ligand in organometallic chemistry.
Cyclooctene is the smallest cycloalkene that can be isolated as both the cis- and trans-isomer. cis-Cyclooctene is shaped like the 8-carbon equivalent chair conformation of cyclohexane.
| cis-Cyclooctene in chair conformation | (R$_p$)-trans-Cyclooctene in crown conformation |

## Uses and reactions

Cyclooctene undergoes ring-opening metathesis polymerization to give polyoctenamers, which are marketed under the name Vestenamer.
cis-Cyclooctene (COE) is a substrate known for quite selectively forming the epoxide, as compared to other cycloalkenes, e.g. cyclohexene. Low amounts of radical by-products are found only. This behaviour is attributed to the difficulty of functionalizing allylic CH centers, which almost orthogonal allylic C-H bonds. Therefore, if radicals are around, they tend to form epoxide via an addition-elimination mechanism.
It is used as an easily displaced ligand in organometallic chemistry, e.g. chlorobis(cyclooctene)rhodium dimer and chlorobis(cyclooctene)iridium dimer.
# Cis-Lunar

Cis-Lunar was a company specializing in the production of automatic, computer-controlled, and closed-circuit rebreathers for astronauts and underwater divers. The company was formed in 1984 and was acquired by Stone Aerospace in 2004.

## History

Cis-Lunar originally aimed to develop space suit kits, but the early 2000s recession reportedly hindered its ability to finance the mass production of the MK5 rebreather, which featured designs intended to reduce system and mission failures.
In 2005, the Swedish diving equipment manufacturer Poseidon acquired Cis-Lunar's technology. Bill Stone, founder of Stone Aerospace, was appointed to lead a Poseidon team designing a new closed-circuit rebreather.

## Etymology

The word cis-lunar comes from Latin and means "on this side of the Moon" or "not beyond the Moon".
# Cis-Inositol

cis-Inositol is one of the isomers of inositol.
# Adze-on-block (hieroglyph)

Adze-on-Block in hieroglyphs :
The ancient Egyptian Adze on a Wood Block, or Axe in a Block of Wood hieroglyph, Gardiner sign listed no. U20, is a portrayal of the adze. It is used mostly in the cartouches of pharaonic names especially, or other important names.
The adze on block has the Egyptian language value of stp and is the verb "choose". It is used as a determinative in 'stp', "cut into pieces", and as an ideogram for 'stp', "choose", "choice".