OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mario Pirani

Mario Pirani Coen (3 August 1925 – 18 April 2015) was an Italian journalist, economist, and writer.

## Biography

Born in Rome, he became a member of the Association of Journalists of Lazio in January 1958. Politically closed to the Italian Communist Party, he left it after the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956. He later became an officer of Eni, the Italian state-owned oil company.
After the experiences with Patrol, Il Giorno and Il Globo, he participated, together with Eugenio Scalfari, to the foundation of la Repubblica, a newspaper that became one of the first in Italy. He became the Deputy Director, with Gianni Rocca and Giampaolo Pansa. He was also editor of L'Europeo from 1979 to 1980, succeeding Giovanni Valentini. In 1995 he won the Premiolino.
He died in Rome on 18 April 2015, aged 89.

## Honors

* From August 3, 2005 – Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
* From October 23, 2000 – Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

## Works

* Il fascino del nazismo. Il caso Jenninger: una polemica sulla storia, (The charm of Nazism. The case Jenninger: a controversy about the history), Il Mulino, 1989, pp. 157, ISBN 88-15-02337-2.
* Il futuro dell'economia visto dai maggiori economisti italiani, (The future of the economy seen by leading Italian economists), Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1993, pp. 229, ISBN 88-04-36582-X.
* È scoppiata la terza guerra mondiale? Le democrazie tra pacifismo e difesa, (You broke the third world war? Democracies between pacifism and defense, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 2004, pp. 302, ISBN 88-04-54624-7.
* Poteva andare peggio. Mezzo secolo di ragionevoli illusioni, (It could be worse. Half a century of reasonable illusions), Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 2010, pp. 430, ISBN 88-04-59360-1.
# Marinići

Marinici may refer to the following places:
* Marinici, Nisporeni, Moldova
* Marinići, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Marinići, Croatia
# Kenneth Vaus

Kenneth Sydney Vaus CBE (30 September 1928 – 1982) was a British Liberal Party activist.
Vaus attended Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School and the University of Sheffield, where he qualified as a dentist. He was active in the National League of Young Liberals, and was serving on its executive in 1954/55.
At the 1959 United Kingdom general election, Vaus contested East Surrey; he took second place, with 18.3% of the vote. Herbert Harris, the party's general director, praised his performance as "one of the more remarkable results for us". He stood in Hereford at the 1964 and 1966 United Kingdom general elections, and then Reigate in 1970. By this time, Vaus was serving on the Liberal Party's Executive, and he stood unsuccessfully to become the party's chair in 1970.
Vaus again contested East Surrey in the February and October 1974 United Kingdom general elections, taking 33.8% and 29.2% of the vote and second place to Geoffrey Howe. He was finally elected as the party's chair in 1973, and was still in office in 1976, when party leader Jeremy Thorpe resigned in controversial circumstances. Vaus tried to push through a rule change to allow any MP to stand for the leadership with just a single nomination, hoping that this would get his preferred candidate, Russell Johnston, onto the ballot. His proposal was heavily defeated.
In 1978, Vaus was a founder member of "Liberals Against the Pact", a group opposing the party's pact with the Labour government. He spent some time chairing the party's Finance and Administration Board, a role in which he replaced Clement Freud. In the 1981 Birthday Honours, he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.
Vaus died in 1982, at the age of 54.
# Santi Pietro e Paolo, Acireale

37°36′46″N 15°09′58″E﻿ / ﻿37.61266°N 15.16616°E﻿ / 37.61266; 15.16616
Santi Pietro e Paolo is a Baroque-style, Roman Catholic collegiate basilica church located in central Acireale in the region of Sicily of Italy. It rises adjacent to the Cathedral of Acireale.

## History and description

A local fraternity built smaller church or oratory with the same name adjacent to the cathedral in the 16th century. In the early 17th century a new church was built at this site, but damage from the 1693 Sicily earthquake, destroyed the dome of this structure and caused much damage. The pre-1693 church had been frescoed between 1674 and 1679 by the Giovanni Fulco. Reconstruction began in 1740, using designs by Pietro Paolo Vasta. Built with expensive white stone from Siracusa, work continued through the century. In 1765, the facade was completed by Paolo Guarrera. In 1790, under the direction of Francesco Di Paola Patanè the interior was refurbished, replacing the wooden roof with a stone masonry vault, stuccoed on the interior.
The facade is rich in columns, standing on tall plinths, with corinthian capitals in the ground floor and doric capitals in the second. The central tympanums and windows depict a number of symbols related to the titular patrons of the church: keys for St Peter and a sword for St Paul, intermingled with the palm leaves of martyrdom.
The first and second altarpieces on the right of the nave were painted by Giacinto Platania: comprising respectively a Saints Alfio, Cirino, and Filadelfio and Sant Antonio Abate. The fourth altarpiece depicts a Charles Borrromeo before Virgin Mary and Child with Saints Lucy, Rosalia, and Barbara by Matteo Ragonisi. The first altarpiece on the left depicts a Virgin Mary and Child with Saints Agatha, Margherita d'Antiochia, Simone, and Giuda by Alessandro Vasta. The second altarpiece on the left depicts a Ecstasy of Sant'Andrea Avellino (Miraculous vision of the Virgin) by Pietro Paolo Vasta.
# Santi Pietro e Paolo, Castelnuovo di Garfagnana

Santi Pietro e Paolo is the Baroque-style Roman Catholic cathedral in the center of the town of Castelnuovo di Garfagnana, region of Tuscany, Italy.

## History

The cathedral, dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul, originally was built in the 10th century but the present structure dates to the 16th century and later refurbishments, leaving only traces of the original Romanesque structure. During World War II there was serious damage to the structure. The cathedral still houses important works at art, among them a terracotta altarpiece depicting San Giuseppe attributed to a design by the school of Andrea del Verrocchio, a 15th-century painted Crucifix known as the Black Christ, a canvas depicting a Madonna and Saints by Michele di Ridolfo del Ghirlandaio, and a marble cornice from Civitali's Lucca workshop.
# Majgaon, Mulshi

Majgaon is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.
# Karmen (name)

Karmen is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Surname:
* Roman Karmen (1906–1978), Soviet war camera-man and film director
* Steve Karmen (born 1937), American composer
Given name:
* Karmen Sunčana Lovrić (born 1986), Croatian actress
* Karmen Mar (born 1987), Slovenian chess player
* Karmen McNamara (born 1983), Canadian triathlete
* Karmen Pedaru (born 1990), Estonian fashion model
* Karmen Stavec (born 1973), Slovene singer
# Karmen

Karmen may refer to:
* Karmen (name)
* KARMEN (Karlsruhe Rutherford Medium Energy Neutrino experiment), accelerator neutrino experiment
* Karmen (album), by Karmen Stavec (2003)
# Saint-Mandé-sur-Brédoire

Saint-Mandé-sur-Brédoire is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.
# Cumulus oophorus

The cumulus oophorus (discus proligerus) is a cluster of cells that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation. In the antral follicle, it may be regarded as an extension of the membrana granulosa. The innermost layer of these cells is the corona radiata.
This layer of cells must be penetrated by spermatozoa for fertilization to occur.

## Functions

Functions of the cumulus oophorus include coordination of follicular development and oocyte maturation. Mechanisms of the latter include stimulation of amino acid transport and sterol biosynthesis and regulation of oocyte gene transcription.
It also provides energy substrates for oocyte meiotic resumption and promotes glycolysis.
Cumulus oophorus cells contribute heavily to the maturation and eventual fertilization of an oocyte. As a follicle grows in size and the antrum develops, more layers of cumulus oophorus cells accumulate around the oocyte to aid in the acrosome reaction and sperm penetration into the oocyte. The proximity between the cumulus oophorus cells and the oocyte favors bidirectional communication, which is vital for oocyte development.

## Gene expression profiling

As a part of the process of in vitro fertilization, gene expression profiling of cumulus cells can be performed to estimate oocyte quality and the efficiency of an ovarian hyperstimulation protocol, and may indirectly predict oocyte aneuploidy, embryo development and pregnancy outcomes. Increased knowledge in these aspects is useful in, for example, embryo selection.
In gene expression profiling of cumulus cells, genes where increased expression is correlated with higher oocyte competence or better pregnancy outcomes, include: HAS2, GREM1 and PTGS2.
In contrast, genes where increased expression is correlated with lower oocyte competence or worse pregnancy outcomes include: BDNF, CCND2, CXCR4, GPX3, HSPB1, DVL3, DHCR7, CTNND1, TRIM28, STAR, AREG, CX43, PTGS2, SCD1 and SCD5.
# Karn

Karn or KARN may refer to:

## People

* Avinash Karn (born 1995), Nepalese cricketer
* Esther Nelson Karn (1860–1936), American poet
* Mick Karn (1958–2011), Cypriot-British musician
* Phil Karn (born 1956), American engineer
* Phil Karn (soccer) (born 1975), American soccer player
* Richard Karn (born 1956), American actor, author and game show host

## Radio stations

* KARN (AM), a radio station in Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.
* KARN-FM, a radio station in Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.

## Other uses

* Karn (comics), a Marvel Comics character
* Sisterhood of Karn, fictional religious cult in Doctor Who
# Anders Omholt

Anders Kristian Omholt (27 November 1926 – 30 April 2017) was a Norwegian physicist.
He was born in Aker. He was appointed professor at the University of Oslo from 1963 to 1971. As researcher he has contributed to the fields of Aurora Borealis and cosmic physics. He had a leading position at the Federation of Norwegian Industries from 1971 to 1977, and was director of the research council Norges almenvitenskapelige forskningsråd from 1978 to 1988. He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
He resided at Eiksmarka. He died at the age of 90.
# Anders Olson Lysne

Anders Olson Lysne (born 1764, died 1803), was a farmer who led the Lærdal farmers' rebellion from 1800 to 1802. The rebellion began after the government of Denmark-Norway ordered that the farmers of Lærdal had to do compulsory military service in addition to compulsory labor on The Bergen King's Road. The farmers in Lærdal had been exempted from military service due to the heavy duty work on the stretch of road that went from Lærdal over the mountain pass known as Filefjell and to the district of Valdres.
The rebellion lasted for two years until the rebels were defeated on 9 July 1802 when the government sent 500 men led by Lieutenant Wilhelm Jürgensen, to Lærdal to crush the rebellion. Lysne was then captured, and he was sentenced to death and beheaded in June 1803 in Bergen. Lysne was executed for Lèse-majesté. Refusing to obey the King's commands was considered treason against the country, in an absolute monarchy (Denmark–Norway was an absolute monarchy at the time), this was in practise equal to treason against the King himself, i.e. lèse-majesté. Lysne was around the age of 41 when he was executed.
Lysne was the only leader of the revolt to be sentenced to death. The other leaders of the uprising were sentenced to imprisonment. After the uprising, the farmers military service was organized as the Lærdal Light Infantry Company and its first commander was Wilhelm Jürgensen.

## Legacy

Lysne is not as known as other Norwegian farmer rebel leaders from the last years of the Danish-Norwegian Union, like Jochum de Lange (Strilekrigen) and Christian Jensen Lofthuus. The Lærdal rebellion was the last big farmers rebellion before the end of the union in 1814. Lysne was also the last person in Norway executed for lèse-majesté.
In 1993, 190 years after his execution, a re-enactment of his execution was performed to commemorate Lysne.
# Maimon ben Joseph

Rabbi Maimon ben Joseph HaDayan (born c.1110) was a Spanish exegete, moralist and dayyan (Hebrew for "judge"). He is best known as the father of Maimonides. His teacher was the respected scholar Joseph ibn Migash. He authored a commentary, in Arabic, on the Pentateuch, and also wrote on Jewish ritual and festival law.
ר"י מיגאש :
| מיימון | מיימון | מיימון | מיימון |
# Saint-Nizier-sur-Arroux

Saint-Nizier-sur-Arroux is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Curtal sonnet

The curtal sonnet is a form invented by Gerard Manley Hopkins, and used in three of his poems.
It is an eleven-line (or, more accurately, ten-and-a-half-line) sonnet, but rather than the first eleven lines of a standard sonnet it has precisely the structure of a Petrarchan sonnet in which each component is three-quarters of its original length. Thus the octave of a sonnet becomes a sestet and the sestet a quatrain plus an additional "tail piece". That is, the first eight lines of a sonnet are translated into the first six lines of a curtal sonnet and the last six lines of a sonnet are translated into the last four and a half lines of a curtal sonnet. Hopkins describes the last line as half a line, though in fact it can be shorter than half of one of Hopkins's standard sprung rhythm lines. In the preface to his Poems (1876–89), Hopkins describes the relationship between the Petrarchan and curtal sonnets mathematically; if the Petrarchan sonnet can be described by the equation 8+6=14 then, he says, the curtal sonnet would be:
    ⁠12/2⁠ + ⁠9/2⁠ = ⁠21/2⁠ = ⁠10+1/2⁠.
Hopkins's only examples of the form are "Pied Beauty", "Peace", and "Ash Boughs". "Pied Beauty" reads as follows, showing the proportional relation to the Petrarchan sonnet (not included in the original: the only indication of the form is in the preface). Accents indicate stressed syllables:
| Glory be to God for dappled things— For skies of couple-colour as a brinded cow; For rose-moles all in stipple upon trout that swim; Fresh-firecoal chestnut-falls; finches' wings; Landscape plotted and pieced—fold, fallow, and plough; And áll trádes, their gear and tackle and trim. | ⁠12/2⁠ = 6 |
| All things counter, original, spare, strange; Whatever is fickle, freckled (who knows how?) With swift, slow; sweet, sour; adazzle, dim; He fathers-forth whose beauty is past change: Praise him. | ⁠9/2⁠ = ⁠4+1/2⁠ |
Hopkins's account of the form comes from the preface to his Poems (1876–89). Critics are generally in agreement that the curtal sonnet does not so much constitute a new form as an interpretation of sonnet form as Hopkins believed it to be; as Elisabeth Schneider argues, the curtal sonnet reveals Hopkins's intense interest in the mathematical proportions of all sonnets. Lois Pitchford examines all three poems in detail in relation to the form as Hopkins imagined it.
The form has been used occasionally since, but often as a novelty, in contrast to Hopkins's quite serious use. Poets Lucy Newlyn and R. H. W. Dillard have written examples that serve as explications of the form.
# Anaeropsis

Anaeropsis is a genus of stilt-legged fly. It is found in New Guinea.

## Species

* Anaeropsis guttipennis (Walker, 1861)
# Anaerosinus glycerini

Anaerosinus glycerini is a bacterium from the genus of Anaerosinus which has been isolated from freshwater mud in Germany.
# Curacoa

Curacoa may refer to:

## Geography

* Curacoa Island, Queensland, Australia
* Curacoa volcano, Tonga

## Naval vessels

Four ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Curacoa:
* HMS Curacoa (1809), a 36-gun fifth-rate ship launched in 1809. She was reduced to 24 guns in 1831 and broken up in 1849
* HMS Curacoa (1854), a wood-screw frigate launched in 1854, she was flagship of the Australia Station during the New Zealand Land Wars and was broken up in 1869
* HMS Curacoa (1878), a screw corvette launched in 1878 and sold in 1904
* HMS Curacoa (D41), a C-class light cruiser launched in 1917 and accidentally sunk by RMS Queen Mary in 1942

## Other

* "Curacoa", archaic form of the word "curaçao", especially in reference to liquor
# Curacin A

Curacin A is a hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS)/nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) derived natural product produced isolated from the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. Curacin A belongs to a family of natural products including jamaicamide, mupirocin, and pederin that have an unusual terminal alkene. Additionally, Curacin A contains a notable thiazoline ring and a unique cyclopropyl moiety, which is essential to the compound's biological activity. Curacin A has been characterized as potent antiproliferative cytotoxic compound with notable anticancer activity for several cancer lines including renal, colon, and breast cancer. Curacin A has been shown to interact with colchicine binding sites on tubulin, which inhibits microtubule polymerization, an essential process for cell division and proliferation.

## Biosynthesis

The synthetic enzymes for Curacin A are found in a gene cluster with 14 open reading frames (ORFs) with the nomenclature CurA through CurN. Analysis of the pathway demonstrated the presence of one NRPS/PKS hybrid module located on CurF, one HMG-CoA synthase cassette located on CurD, and seven monomodular PKS modules. CurA contains a unique GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) loading domain and an associated acyl carrier protein (ACP). The loading module tethers an acetyl group to the ACP that then condenses with one of three tandem ACPs present in the adjacent module of CurA. An hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase cassette (mevalonate pathway) catlyzes the formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl acid by the addition of an malonyl-CoA unit to the terminal ketide of the aceto-acetyl-ACP moiety of ACP1,ACP2, or ACP3. subsequent enzymes, including a unique heme independent halogenase (HaI) catalyze the formation of a cyclopropyl ring. A cysteine specific NRPS module located on CurF follows after cyclopropyl ring formation, and due to the activity of a cyclizing condensation domain, forms a thiazole ring attached to the cylcopropyl moiety from previous reactions in the pathway. Seven standalone PKS modules follow to extend the growing polyketide chain with S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) dependent methylations occurring at positions 10 and 13. A rare offloading strategy involving a sulfotransferase is employed by the final curacin synthase module. The sulfotransferase sulfates the hydroxyl group of carbon 15, which activates the molecule for decarboxylation and terminal alkene formation.

### Cyclopropyl ring formation

The CurB (ACP), CurC (ketosynthase), and CurD (HMG-CoA reductase) are responsible for the formation of (S)HMG-ACP3. HaI, from the CurA gene, is a unique non-heme halogenase that goes through a purported Fe(IV)=O intermediate to add a chlorine atom onto an unactivated carbon atom. After chlorination, ECH1 acting as a dehydratates HMG-ACP3 to 3-methylgultaconyl-ACP3 and ECH2 performs the required decarboxylation. Finally,an unusual ER catalyzed cyclization reaction, purported to go through a substitution like mechanism, forms the cyclopropane ring. The added chlorine atom assists in the decarboxylation step and likely serves as the leaving group during cyclopropane ring formation.
# Maji

Maji may refer to:

## Places

* Maji, Ethiopia, city in southwestern Ethiopia
** Maji (woreda)
* Maji, Iran, a village
* Maji, Luhe District, a town in Jiangsu Province, China

## Other uses

* Maji (surname), an Indian family name
* Dizi people, also known as Maji, an ethnic group in Ethiopia
** Dizin language, or Maji, an Omotic language of Ethiopia spoken by the Dizi people
# Maisin

Maisin may be:
* Maisin people
* Maisin language
# Cyclidalis

Cyclidalis is a genus of snout moths. It was described by George Hampson in 1906, and contains the species Cyclidalis chrysealis. It is found in the Brazilian state of São Paulo.
# Saint-Paul Sports Rugby

The Saint Paul sports rugby is a French rugby union based in Saint-Paul-lès-Dax (Landes). It plays in the pool 7 Fédérale 3 (5th level of rugby union in France)

## History

Club of a borough of Dax, the club was founded the first time in 1909, merged with US Dax, in 1912. Waa refounded with the name of Saint-Paul-lès-Dax olympique (SPDO) in 1930, as rugby section of an omnisports club. In 1951, the club joined the rugby league before coming back to rugby union in 1955, when it adopted the definitive name of Saint-Paul sports (SPS).
St-Paul obtained its better results in the '90s, when was admitted to Groupe B2 (third level) in 1992, B1 in 1993, and finally in the elite the Groupe A, in 1994. That season (1994-95), plays against the better French club (Castres, Brive, Montferrand, Bourgoin...), but was briefly relegated (only a victory and some big defeated as the 10–74 with encaissé à Nice). The clun solo come back in the amateurs levels, descending in 2008 in Fédérale 2 (2008) the in Fédérale 3 (2009). After 2009, when the former player Pierre Cazeaux, the club start a new era. In 2010–2011, both senior teams of the club reached the finals of their championship. The first team won the pool, losing the final against Navarrenx, losing the first match 17–12 in Navarrenx, and winning the second only 6–3. The second team (équipe Excellence B) winning the Challenge of Espoir for 2nd teams winning against Saint Cernin (Cantal) 21–15. .

## Palmarès

* Finalist of French Championship Groupe B2 (third national level) : 1994 (against Châteaurenard)
* Finalist of French Championship Third division : 1981
* "First seriè" champion 1978
* French Champion Third Série : 1972
* Champion of Côte Basque Honneur : 1979
* Winner of challenge Essor II : 1986
* Winner of Challenge of l'Essor : 1990
* Finalist of French Championship Fédérale 1B : 2002 (losing against Nîmes), 2005 (losing against Millau).
* Winner of Challenge of l'Espoir (2nd XV) : 2011
* Finalist of French Championship Excellence B : 2011 (losing against Arcachon)

## Famous players

Many players play in national team:
* Thierry Lacroix, international A
* Pascal Lacroix, international B
* Frédéric Leloir, international B
* Pierre Lupuyau, international B
* Christophe Tournier, international – Under 21
* Arnaud Siberchicot, international – Under 18
* Jérôme Hillotte, international amateur
* Gilles Beguery, international amateur
* Sébastien Boueilh, international amateur
* Franck Espatolero, international amateur
* Loic Boniface, international for Croatia
* Pete McTasty, international for Malaysia

## Coaches

* Jean-Marie Capdepuy
* Philippe Dacharry
* Jean Laborde
* Dominique Ducasse
* Pierre Hayet
* Laurent Peducasse
* Guy Postis
* Pascal Roubin
* Frédéric Leloir