OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# McDonald v Attorney-General

McDonald v Attorney-General is a cited case in New Zealand regarding satisfying the requirement in promissory estoppel for reliance by the other party.

## Background

McDonald was a Southland wheat farmer. The Wheat Board had advised wheat growers that wheat grown that had a baking score of 12 or higher would be purchased by the Board, and that such graded wheat could only be sold to the Board. In knowledge of all this McDonald expected the Board to purchase his wheat. However, due to an outbreak of wheat mould in Southland, the board found it had little demand for such wheat, and as a consequence, the Board refused to purchase his wheat.
McDonald eventually sold his wheat to other parties, at a loss, and he sued the Board for compensation.

## Held

The court ruled that promissory estoppel applied here, and awarded McDonald compensation, effectively turning promissory estoppel from a shield, into a sword. Holland J stated "In converting promissory estoppel from a "shield" to a "sword" care must be taken not to extend it further into a weapon of the nature of an atomic bomb that will destroy the existing framework of legal principle by way of provision for compensation in the fields of both contract and tort"
# Microdon abstrusus

Microdon abstrusus (Thompson, 1981), the hidden ant fly, is a rare and local species of syrphid fly observed in central Pennsylvania. Hoverflies can remain nearly motionless in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found on flowers though microdon species are seldom seen around flowers. Larvae have been noted in Formica exsectoides ant nests.

## Description
### Head

The head is brownish black covered with pale yellow pile and a shiny face.The face is broadly shaped and occupies about half of the head's width at its broadest part. The gena is pale pollinose. The front and vertex are shiny and are around a quarter of the head's width at the narrowest point. The ocellar triangle is wide with a longitudinal to latitudinal axis ratio of around 0.4. ;The eyes are bare and the occiput is pale colored with pollen . The third antennal segment is longer than the arista and is blunt apically with a ratio of 2.5:1.0:2.8.

### Thorax

The thorax is brownish-black with a slight greenish-blue iridescence and has pale yellow hair. The head is extensively shiny and hairy above the front coxa. The propleuron is pollinose and the sternopleuron has an anteroventral hair patch. The scutellum is convex apically and does not have spines.

### Abdomen

The abdomen is brownish-black with a slight greenish-blue iridescence and has pale yellow hair, except for black hair narrowly basomedially on the 3rd and 4th terga. The abdomen is broad, broader than the thorax, and does not have parallel sides. The 2nd tergum does not have 3 distinct depressions and is not subequal to the 3rd tergum. The first abdominal sternum is extensively pale-haired and well developed.

### Wings

The wings are hyaline and microtrichose with an epaulet (tegula) that is black-haired. The basicosta is yellow-haired. The apical crossvein is evenly curved and does not have a sharp angulation or an external spur. The squama and halter are pale yellow.

### Legs

The legs are predominantly brownish-black, with orange coloring present ventrally on the femora and tibiae. The legs have pale yellow hair.
# Eggenfellner E6

The Eggenfellner E6 is a series of American aircraft engines, developed by Jan Eggenfellner and produced by Eggenfellner Aircraft of Edgewater, Volusia County, Florida for use in homebuilt aircraft between 1994 and 2009.

## Design and development

Based on Subaru automotive engines, the E6 series are all six cylinder, four-stroke, horizontally-opposed, liquid-cooled, gasoline engine designs, with mechanical gearbox reduction drives with a reduction ratio of 2.02:1. They employ electronic ignition and produce up to 250 hp (186 kW) at 6000 rpm.
The engine series was produced from 1994 until 2009, when the company went out of business in the Great Recession.

## Applications

The company's engines found a high degree of customer acceptance among owners of Van's Aircraft types, due to the completeness of the package provided and the low price. In 2003 it was reported that 298 engines had been sold to RV builders.
Other applications:
* Russian Gyroplanes Gyros-1 Farmer

## Variants
### E6-3.0L

    3,000 cc (183.1 cu in) engine, that produces 240 hp (179 kW) at 6500 rpm.

### E6-3.6L

    3,600 cc (219.7 cu in) engine, that produces 250 hp (186 kW) at 6000 rpm.

## Specifications (E6-3.0L)

Data from World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12

### General characteristics

* Type: Six cylinder, four stroke aircraft engine
* Displacement: 3,000 cc (183.1 cu in)
* Dry weight: 159 kg (350.5 lb)

### Components

* Fuel type: gasoline
* Cooling system: liquid
* Reduction gear: mechanical gearbox reduction drive, reduction ratio of 2.02:1

### Performance

* Power output: 240 hp (179 kW) at 6500 rpm
# Ala-Buka

Ala-Buka a village which is the seat of Ala-Buka District of Jalal-Abad Region, Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 15,426 in 2021.
It is about 25 km southwest of Kerben on the main highway. The Kasansay reservoir is located to the southwest. 14 km to the east is the 12th century Mausoleum of Safed-Bulan and Shakh Fazil, a place of pilgrimage. Shakh Fazil is reputed to have first brought Islam to the area. Safed Bulan was a pious woman who is said to have buried the heads of Muslim soldiers who were beheaded after a battle.
# Hiroshi Miyazaki

Hiroshi Miyazaki (宮崎 博) is a Japanese video game music composer, sound designer and musician. Sometimes he was referred to as Matsuri Wakasugi, Miyashiro Sugito (宮代杉人), Hiromiyazaki (ヒロ ミヤザキ), or simply MIYA.
He is best known for his work on Tecmo video games such as the Captain Tsubasa series for the Super Famicom, but has also composed music for the Monster Rancher series and Deception series. Miyazaki composed about a third of Kagero: Deception II soundtrack overall (with Masaaki Udagawa (宇田川昌昭) and Ayako Toyoda (豊田亜矢子) composing the rest), and also worked on Soumatou (known in North America as Deception III: Dark Delusion).

## Video games

* Bad News Baseball (1989) Nintendo Entertainment System
* Tecmo World Wrestling (1989) Nintendo Entertainment System
* Ninja Gaiden II: The Dark Sword of Chaos (1990) Nintendo Entertainment System
* Ninja Gaiden III: The Ancient Ship of Doom (1991) Nintendo Entertainment System
* Final Star Force (1992) Arcade
* Tecmo Super Bowl (1993) Super Nintendo Entertainment System, (1996) PlayStation
* Captain Tsubasa 4: Pro no Rival Tachi (1993) Super Famicom
* Captain Tsubasa 5: Hasha no Shōgō Campione (1994) Super Famicom
* Ninja Gaiden Trilogy (1995) Super Nintendo Entertainment System
* V-Goal Soccer '96 (1996) 3DO
* Kagero: Deception II (1998) PlayStation
* Tecmo World Cup '98 (1998) Arcade
* Deception III: Dark Delusion (1999) PlayStation
* Monster Rancher Hop-A-Bout (2000) PlayStation
* Super Shot Soccer sound (2002) PlayStation
* Monster Rancher 4 (2003) PlayStation 2
# Martin-Baker Mk.7

The Martin-Baker Mk.7 is a British rocket-assisted ejection seat designed and built by Martin-Baker. Introduced in the mid-1960s, the Mk.7 has been installed in combat aircraft worldwide.

## History

The Mk.7 seat was developed from the earlier Mk.5 design by the addition of a rocket pack to enable zero-zero capability. A large upgrade program to retrofit Mk.7 seats to all Lockheed F-104 Starfighter aircraft in German Air Force service was initiated by Johannes Steinhoff in late 1967, this measure improved the type's safety record and several other European nations operating the Starfighter followed Germany's lead.

## Operation sequence

Operating either the seat pan or face blind firing handles initiates aircraft canopy jettison, as the canopy clears an interlock is removed which allows the main gun located at the rear of the seat to fire, the main gun is a telescopic tube with two explosive charges that fire in sequence. As the seat moves up its guide rails an emergency oxygen supply is activated and personal equipment tubing and communication leads are automatically disconnected, leg restraints also operate.
As the seat moves further up and out of the aircraft the rocket pack is fired by a lanyard attached to the cockpit floor. A steel rod, known as the drogue gun, is fired and extracts two small parachutes to stabilise the seat's descent path. A barostatic mechanism prevents the main parachute from opening above an altitude of 10,000 ft (3,000 m) A time delay mechanism operates the main parachute below this altitude in conjunction with another device to prevent the parachute opening at high speed. The seat then separates from the occupant for a normal parachute descent, a manual separation handle is provided should the automatic system fail.

## Applications

The Mk.7 ejection seat has been installed in the following aircraft types, either as original equipment or by modification: List from Martin-Baker.
* EWR VJ 101
* Grumman A-6 Intruder
* Grumman F-9 Cougar
* Grumman F-14 Tomcat
* Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
* McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II
* Northrop F-5
* Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler
* Vought F-8 Crusader

## Seats on display

A Martin-Baker Mk.7A is on static display at the Royal Air Force Museum London with another Mk.7A at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford.

## Specifications (Mk.7)

* Maximum operating height: 50,000 ft (15,240 m)
* Minimum operating height: Ground level
* Minimum operating speed: Zero
* Maximum operating speed: 600 knots indicated airspeed
# Hag's Tooth, Kerry

The Hag's Tooth (Irish: Stumpa an tSaimh, meaning 'stump of the sorrel'), at 650 metres (2,130 ft) high, is a sharp rock spike which is the 193rd highest peak in Ireland on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale. It is also known as Stumpeenadaff (Irish: Stuimpín an Daimh, meaning 'little pinnacle of the ox'). The Hag's Tooth is situated in the Hag's Glen beside the Eagle's Nest corrie of Carrauntoohil and is part of the MacGillycuddy's Reeks in County Kerry.

## Geography

The Hag's Tooth is a distinctive triangular rock feature encountered when walking through the Hag's Glen on the way to climbing Carrauntoohil 1,038.6 metres (3,407 ft), Ireland's highest mountain, via the classic Devil's Ladder route. The Hag's Tooth rock is described as "remarkably unstable".
The steep and narrow rocky ridge from the Hag's Tooth up to the summit of Beenkeragh, is referred to as the Hag's Tooth Ridge (see photo opposite).
Because of the low prominence of the Hag's Tooth, it only qualifies as a mountain on the Vandeleur-Lynam classification—Irish peaks over 600 m (2,000 ft), and with prominence over 15 m (49 ft); a threshold that the Hag's Tooth just meets.
The Hag's Tooth does not appear in the MountainViews Online Database, 100 Highest Irish Mountains, as the prominence threshold is 100 m (328 ft).

## Climbing

The route to the Hag's Tooth follows the same path to access the Heavenly Gates gully of Carrauntoohil (the Heavenly Gates are sometimes used as an alternative descent route to the Devil's Ladder from the summit of Carrauntoohil), and also to access the dramatic deep corrie at the base of Carrauntoohil's north-east face, known as the Eagle's Nest area. The Eagle's Nest corrie consists of three distinct levels, with the top level containing Lough Cummeenoughter, Ireland's highest lake.
The narrow rocky ridge from the Hag's Tooth up to the summit of Beenkeragh, the Hag's Tooth Ridge, is regarded for its scrambling, and for its views into the Eagle's Nest area and the major gullies of Carrauntoohil's north-east face. The route also enables loop to be completed by continuing across the infamous Beenkeragh Ridge to Carrauntoohil, and then descending via the Heavenly Gates, back into the Hag's Glen. However, it is also a dangerous route and has been the scene of accidents.
# Derrick Rutledge

Derrick Edwin Rutledge (born February 24, 1961) is an American celebrity stylist and makeup artist, singer and entrepreneur. He is most notably makeup artist to Oprah Winfrey and First Lady Michelle Obama. Derrick was born and raised in Washington, DC. His early education was at the prestigious Georgetown Day School in Washington. After which he received a music and academic scholarship to Webster University in St. Louis. Rutledge returned to Washington in 1984 and began working as a makeup artist. He began his rise to prominence as a celebrity makeup artist when under the recommendation of former Miss USA and Real Housewives of Atlanta, Kenya Moore, he became her makeup artist at BET while she guest hosted Video Soul.. While at BET, Derrick Rutledge worked with many legendary divas of Black music and Hollywood. Including Chaka Khan, Patti Labelle, Pastor Shirley Caesar, Yolanda Adams, Beyoncé, and the Queen of Gospel Music- CeCe Winans.
His work has been featured on the covers of Essence Magazine, AARP, and Oprah Magazine. In September 2014, Mr. Rutledge was featured on Entertainment Tonight as part of the team creating a glamorous four cover shoot for the September issue of O! Magazine Derrick currently resides in his hometown of Washington, D.C.
# Effusion (disambiguation)

Effusion is the process of gases passing through a small hole.
Effusion may also refer to:

## Medicine

The seeping of fluid into a body cavity, the fluid itself, or an abnormal collection of fluid in a body cavity or space:
* Ascites
* Pericardial effusion
* Pleural effusion
* Joint effusion
* Subdural Effusion
* Mastoid Effusion
* Knee effusion
* Sometimes called "hydrops"

## Geology

* Effusive eruption, an effusion of lava from a volcano
# H59

H59 may refer to:
* HMS Gallant (H59), a Royal Navy G-class destroyer
* Nelson H-59, an aircraft engine produced by Nelson Aircraft
* Sikorsky H-59, an American experimental helicopter
# Hannie Bal

Johanna Anna Maria "Hannie" Bal (4 August 1921 - 24 October 2012) was a Dutch painter and part of the Verve movement.

## Background

Hannie Bal was born in The Hague to a well-off family. Her father was an elderly retired pharmacist.

## Education

She attended a girls high school and had a strict upbringing. An artistic aunt noticed her talent for drawing and encouraged her to study at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague. There she enjoyed greater freedom, despite the war. She also studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp).

## Marriage to Willem Schrofer

Whilst at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague, Hannie fell in love with her portrait painter teacher. Willem Schrofer was a famous painter, but 23 years older than her, previously married, and known as a charmer. Her parents did not approve of the marriage but she disregarded her parents' opinion and married him in 1948. They spent their honeymoon in Paris where they sketched the scenery from the café terraces together. Together they had four children: Leonhard, Annemarie, Yvonne, and Franciscus (Frans). Her son, Frans Schrofer is a well-known Dutch furniture designer.

## Work

She produced paintings, watercolors and drawings, with her favourite themes including interiors, non-figurative work, cityscapes, landscapes and still life. She worked in The Hague and in Voorschoten. Together with fellow artists, she and her husband founded The Hague's Verve group. Her work is included in the New Hague School (Nieuwe Haagse School). She took a reluctant break from painting to raise their four children in Voorschoten. However, she was widowed at the age of 47 in 1968 and as her children were older she returned to painting with a passion - using the atelier of her late husband. Together with two friends from the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague, (Cara Waller and Jacoba Greven) she embarked on long journeys and their adventures provided great inspiration for her work. She was a part of The Hague Art Circle (Kunstkring) and was a member of the board. Together with this regained freedom, she moved to a big house in Benoordenhout, filling the empty walls with paintings.
# Dark Red (album)

Dark Red is the second studio album by American electronic musician Shlohmo. It was released through True Panther Sounds on April 7, 2015.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 69/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Consequence of Sound | B− |
| Exclaim! | 7/10 |
| HipHopDX | |
| NME | 7/10 |
| Pitchfork | 5.9/10 |
| Resident Advisor | 2.7/5 |
| Spin | 7/10 |
At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 69, based on 15 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Paul Simpson of AllMusic gave the album 4 out of 5 stars, saying: "The resulting album successfully fleshes out Shlohmo's previous sound into his most accomplished work so far, and ultimately manages to find hope in darkness." Sheldon Pearce of Consequence of Sound gave the album a grade of B−, calling it "a violently loud, dizzying articulation of grief and loss."

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| US Top Dance/Electronic Albums (Billboard) | 10 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 20 |
# Apilocrocis pimalis

Apilocrocis pimalis, or the Pima apilocrocis moth, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was first described by William Barnes and Foster Hendrickson Benjamin in 1926.
It is found in North America, and has been recorded in Arizona and Texas. The moth's wingspan is 20–30 mm. Adults are on wing from June to August.
# Amarapuri

Amarapuri is a town in Gaidakot Municipality in Nawalpur District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. It became a municipality in May 2014 by merging the existing Mukundapur, Amarapuri, Gaidakot, Nawalparasi, VDCs. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 8,762 living in 1,979 households. Amarapuri has three high schools, the Shree Laxmi Higher Secondary School, Amar Jyoti Higher Secondary School and Amar English Higher Secondary Boarding School.
Located around 160 km west of the capital city Kathmandu, Amarapuri is the small village bounded by Mukundapur VDC in the east, Rajahar VDC in the west and the Narayani River in the south and Ratanpur VDC in the north. This village is beautifully located on a hilly area above the plain that adjoins the Narayani River. It is situated in the lap of Mahabharata hill range
The majority of families rely on remittances for both their daily needs and income because agriculture is the majority of the population's occupation. Amarapuri exports milk daily from two major dairies, Amarapuri Dhugdha and Amar Bahu Udhasya Sahakari Sastha.

## School and colleges

1 Shree Pancha Jyoti lower secondary school.
2 Shree Laxmi higher secondary school.
3 Janamukhi Adharsa Bahumukhi campus.
4 Amar Jyoti secondary school.
5 Unique boarding school.
6 Amar English higher secondary boarding school.
7 Bijay Jyoti primary school.
8 Shree Bal Udaya Primary school

## Banks and Financial Institution

1 NIC Asia Bank.
2 Citizens Bank.
3 Shangrila Development Bank.
4 Bank of Kathmandu.
# Group Bravery Citation

The Group Bravery Citation is a bravery decoration awarded to Australians. It is awarded for a collective act of bravery by a group of people in extraordinary circumstances that is considered worthy of recognition. The Group Bravery Citation was created in 1990. The decorations recognise acts of bravery by members of the community who selflessly put themselves in jeopardy to protect the lives or property of others.
It is ranked 5th in the list of Australian bravery decoration in the Australian honours system.

## Description

* The Group Bravery Citation is a bronze gilt sprig of wattle, Australia's floral emblem, positioned in the centre of a silver rectangle.
* The multi-leaf sprig of wattle represents the nature of group participation - the coming together of the many to create a single entity.

## Recipients

The Australian Government "It's an Honour" database contains 695 entries of people who have been awarded the medal.
# Effusibacillus lacus

Effusibacillus lacus is a species of Gram positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium. The cells are rod-shaped and form spores. It was first isolated from freshwater lake sediment from Lake Mizugaki, Japan. The species name is derived from lacus (of a lake).
The species was among the first grouped into the newly created genus Effusibacillus, along with two other species that were reclassified from Alicyclobacillus, E. consociatus and E. pohliae. E. lacus is the type strain for the genus.
The optimum growth temperature for E. lacus is 50-52 °C, and can grow in the 28-60 °C range. Its optimum pH is 7.25-7.50, and grows in pH range 7.0-8.5.
# Eric Peter Ho

Eric Peter Ho Hung-luen, CBE, JP (Chinese: 何鴻鑾; 30 December 1927 – 25 March 2015) was a Hong Kong government official. He was the Secretary for Social Services in the 1970s, becoming one of the first Chinese policy secretaries.

## Biography

Ho was born in Hong Kong on 30 December 1927 to the prominent Sir Robert Ho Tung family. Eric's grandfather Ho Fook was a prominent Eurasian compradore and philanthropist. He was the chief compradore to the Jardine, Matheson & Co. and unofficial member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Eric's father Ho Sai Ki was the compradore of trading firm E. D. Sassoon. Eric's mother Doris Lo was sister of Sir Lo Man-kam, unofficial member of the Executive and Legislative Councils.
Eric Peter Ho was educated at the St. Joseph's College but his education was interrupted during the Pacific War and the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. He attended the Wah Yan College, Hong Kong and then studied Economics at the University of Hong Kong. He also joined the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps in 1948.
He was appointed Cadet Officer by the Hong Kong government in 1957. He worked as the Assisting Secretary for Chinese Affairs and then was appointed Assisting Secretary for the Office of the Unofficial Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils. In 1963, he was appointed Assisting Financial Secretary and official Justice of the Peace.
In 1968, Ho was appointed Deputy Director of Commerce and Industry and acted as Director of Commerce and Industry in 1973. On that capacity, he was also an official member of the Legislative Council. He became the Director of Home Affairs in 1973 and Secretary for Social Services in 1976. In 1981, he was awarded Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).
He was appointed Secretary for Commerce and Industry in 1983 and unofficial member of the Executive Council in 1985. He was also a British representative in the Sino-British Liaison Group on the negotiation process the after the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration. He retired from the civil service in 1987. After his retirement, he was appointed chairman of the Public Service Commission until 1991.
He moved to the United Kingdom before 1997 and wrote a few books, including Times of Change and Tracing My Children's Lineage. On 25 March 2015, he died at the Hethersett Hall Care Home in Norwich, Norfolk, England. His wife, Grace Irene Tsin-kiu Young who died in 2007 was also a public figure, businesswoman of Yaumati Ferry and appointed member of the Urban Council.
# Sir George Warburton, 3rd Baronet

Sir George Warburton, 3rd Baronet (1675–1743) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1702 and 1722.
Warburton was the eldest son of Sir Peter Warburton, 2nd Baronet and his wife Martha Docwra, daughter of Thomas Docwra of Putteridge, Hertfordshire, and was baptized on 1 June 1675. He succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father in about 1698. He married Diana Alington, daughter of William Alington, 1st Baron Alington of Wymondley on 18 June 1700.
Warburton was elected Member of Parliament for Cheshire at the 1702 general election, but lost the seat in 1705. He was elected again as MP for Cheshire in 1710 and 1713. He was returned again as MP for Cheshire in 1715 and held the seat until 1722. In 1724 he became Freeman of Chester 1724.
Warburton died on 23 June 1743. He and his wife had a son and two daughters. His son died young and the baronetcy passed to a nephew. His daughter Diana married Sir Richard Grosvenor, 4th Baronet as his second wife.