OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Length scale

In physics, length scale is a particular length or distance determined with the precision of at most a few orders of magnitude. The concept of length scale is particularly important because physical phenomena of different length scales cannot affect each other and are said to decouple. The decoupling of different length scales makes it possible to have a self-consistent theory that only describes the relevant length scales for a given problem. Scientific reductionism says that the physical laws on the shortest length scales can be used to derive the effective description at larger length scales.
The idea that one can derive descriptions of physics at different length scales from one another can be quantified with the renormalization group.
In quantum mechanics the length scale of a given phenomenon is related to its de Broglie wavelength ℓ = ħ/p, where ħ is the reduced Planck constant and p is the momentum that is being probed. In relativistic mechanics time and length scales are related by the speed of light. In relativistic quantum mechanics or relativistic quantum field theory, length scales are related to momentum, time and energy scales through the Planck constant and the speed of light. Often in high energy physics natural units are used where length, time, energy and momentum scales are described in the same units (usually with units of energy such as GeV).
Length scales are usually the operative scale (or at least one of the scales) in dimensional analysis. For instance, in scattering theory, the most common quantity to calculate is a cross section which has units of length squared and is measured in barns. The cross section of a given process is usually the square of the length scale.

## Examples

* The atomic length scale is ℓ$_a$ ~ 10$^{−10}$ m and is given by the size of hydrogen atom (i.e., the Bohr radius, approximately 53 pm).
* The length scale for the strong interactions (or the one derived from QCD through dimensional transmutation) is around ℓ$_s$ ~ 10$^{−15}$ m, and the "radii" of strongly interacting particles (such as the proton) are roughly comparable. This length scale is determined by the range of the Yukawa potential. The lifetimes of strongly interacting particles, such as the rho meson, are given by this length scale divided by the speed of light: 10$^{−23}$ s. The masses of strongly interacting particles are several times the associated energy scale (500 MeV/c$^2$ to 3000 MeV/c$^2$).
* The electroweak length scale is shorter, roughly ℓ$_w$ ~ 10$^{−18}$ m and is set by the rest mass of the weak vector bosons, which is roughly 100 GeV/c$^2$. This length scale would be the distance where a Yukawa force is mediated by the weak vector bosons. The magnitude of weak length scale was initially inferred by the Fermi constant measured by neutron and muon decay.
* The Planck length (Planck scale) is much shorter yet – about ℓ$_P$ ~ 10$^{−35}$ m, and is derived from the Newtonian constant of gravitation.
* The mesoscopic scale is the length at which quantum mechanical behaviours in liquids or solid can be described by macroscopic concepts.
# Alucita montigena

Alucita montigena is a moth of the family Alucitidae. It was described by Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher in 1910 and is found in Sri Lanka.
# Lambdas

Lambdas may refer to:
* Lambda Alpha Upsilon, a nationally selective Latino-interest fraternity based in the United States
* Lambda Theta Phi, a nationally recognized Latin-interest fraternity based in the United States
* Lambda Upsilon Lambda, a nationally recognized Latino-interest fraternity based in the United States
* Lambda Phi Epsilon, a nationally recognized Asian-interest fraternity based in the United States
* Lambda Theta Nu, a nationally recognized Latina based sorority in the United States
# Harold Woolley, Baron Woolley

Harold Woolley, Baron Woolley, CBE (6 February 1905 – 31 July 1986) was a British farmer and life peer who served as the President of the National Farmers' Union between 1960 and 1966.

## Life and career

Woolley was the son of William Woolley, JP and Eleanor Woolley, and was educated at the Woodhouse Grove School. A leading Cheshire farmer, he was elected as the Cheshire delegate to the National Farmers' Union in 1943, before chairing the NFU Parliamentary Committee between 1947 and 1957. He then served as the NUS' vice president and deputy president on several occasions, before serving as its president between 1960 and 1966.
Woolley was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1958 Birthday Honours and was made a Knight Bachelor in 1964 Birthday Honours "for services to farming". On 18 January 1967, Woolley was created a life peer as Baron Woolley, of Hatton in the County Palatine of Chester. In the House of Lords he sat as a crossbencher. He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Cheshire in 1969.

## Family

Woolley married Martha Annie Jeffs, with whom he had four sons, in 1926; she died in 1936. He then married Hazel Eileen Archer Jones, with whom he had two daughters, in 1937. Lady Woolley died in 1975.
# Lillybrook, West Virginia

Lillybrook is an unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. Lillybrook is 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south-southeast of Sophia.
The community's name is an amalgamation of Lilly and Hornbrook, the surnames of two businessmen in the local mining industry.
# Eric Koester

Eric Koester is an American professor from Georgetown University.

## Early life and education

Koester was born in Beaumont, Texas, before his family moved to Omaha, Nebraska, when he was one. He started MEGO Consulting, his first company in 1992 and began publishing research and consulting reports, including his first book on plastics recycling for Mastio & Associates in 1994. He completed a BS in Finance & Marketing from Marquette University. He received his Juris Doctor from George Washington University Law School in Washington DC.

## Career

Koester started his career at Ventana Medical Systems, which Roche bought for $3.4 billion in 2008. In 2006, Koester joined Cooley LLP as a corporate securities attorney, especially for their emerging firms and venture capital practice.
In 2010, he joined the cloud marketing firm Appature as its director of operations and general counsel, and in 2011, he co-founded Zaarly with Bo Fishback and Ian Hunter. Among the investors in Zaarly were Ashton Kutcher, Meg Whitman, CEO of eBay, and Kleiner Perkins.
In 2013, he co-founded Main Street Genome with Scott Case (acquired in 2015). He was also appointed as the managing director of NextGen Venture Partners.
In 2013, Georgetown University recruited Koester as a professor of Entrepreneurship and Innovation.
Koester runs Manuscripts which provides author-centric publishing services, including author and creator educational and support programs. He has helped thousands of individuals, with his course named 2018's Most Innovative by USASBE.
His Book Creators community program has helped more than 1,500 first-time writers develop and publish their first books, and has generated more than fifty national book prize winners or finalists in 2020–2022.

## Awards and recognition

* Honored with the Forbes Next Top 1000 entrepreneurs of 2021
* Koester was named one of the 40 under 40 for Washington DC in 2012 by the Washington Business Journal.
* In 2009, Koester was named the Young Attorney of the Year by the Washington State Bar Association
* Named one of DCA Live's 40 Under 40
* Bisnow - 40 under 40
* USASBE 2020 Entrepreneurship Educator of the Year
* Honored with Georgetown's only two-time entrepreneurship professor of the year.
* Named to Inc. 5000, #5 Fastest Growing Education Company as Founder of Manuscripts

## Books

* Founder, JD: How America's Top Lawyers Leverage their Law Degree in the Startup World and How You Can Too. New Degree Press. April 11, 2019. pp. 268 pages. ISBN 978-1641371780.
* Koester, Eric (1 November 2010). Green entrepreneur handbook : the guide to building and growing a green and clean business. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 460. ISBN 978-1439817292.
* Koester, Eric (6 January 2009). Amazon.in. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 610. ISBN 978-1420076974.
* The Pennymores and the Curse of the Invisible Quill. New Degree Press. 25 April 2022. p. 376. ISBN 979-8885040532. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
# Higinio Uriarte

José Higinio Uriarte y García del Barrio (11 January 1843 in Asunción – 21 April 1909) was a Paraguayan politician and President from April 12, 1877 to November 25, 1878.
He was Juan Bautista Gill's cousin. He served as President of the Chamber of Deputies, and was elected as Vice President 1874. After Gill was assassinated, Uriarte became the acting President for the remainder of Gill's four-year-term. He was Minister of Finance of Paraguay from 1887 to 1889.
# Devasena (disambiguation)

Devasena is the name of a Hindu goddess.
Devasena may also refer to these in ancient India:
* Devasena (Jain monk)
* Devasena (Vakataka king)

## Others

* Devasena (character), a fictional character in the Indian Baahubali franchise
* Devsena, titular character of the Indian TV series Aarambh: Kahaani Devsena Ki
# Guantanamo Diary

    Guantanamo Diary may refer to:
* Guantanamo Diary (memoir)
* Guantanamo Diary (film)
# Andrey Tarasenko

Andrey or Andrei Tarasenko may refer to:
* Andrey Tarasenko (ice hockey) (1968–2024), Russian ice hockey player
* Andrey Tarasenko (powerlifter) (born 1975), Russian powerlifter
* Andrey Tarasenko (politician) (born 1963), Russian politician
# Homalocantha vicdani

Homalocantha vicdani is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
# Alucita myriodesma

Alucita myriodesma is a species of moth of the family Alucitidae. It is known from Mozambique.
# Lambdapapillomavirus

Lambdapapillomavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Papillomaviridae. Cats and dogs serve as natural hosts. There are five species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include mucosal and cutaneous lesions.

## Taxonomy

The following five species are assigned to the genus:
* Lambdapapillomavirus 1
* Lambdapapillomavirus 2
* Lambdapapillomavirus 3
* Lambdapapillomavirus 4
* Lambdapapillomavirus 5

## Structure

Viruses in Lambdapapillomavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=7 symmetry. The diameter is around 52-55 nm. Genomes are circular, around 8kb in length.
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
| Lambdapapillomavirus | Icosahedral | T=7 | Non-enveloped | Circular | Monopartite |

## Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown. Cats and dogs serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are contact.
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
| Lambdapapillomavirus | Cats; dogs | Epithelial: mucous; epithelial: skin | Cell receptor endocytosis | Lysis | Nucleus | Nucleus | Contact |
# Harry Adams (photographer)

Harry Holden Adams (1918 – 1985) was an African-American photographer who worked for the California Eagle and Los Angeles Sentinel.

## Life and education

Adams was born in Arkansas to Hunter Adams and Robbie Lee Evans Adams. The Adams family moved to Santa Ana, California, where they eventually helped establish Johnson Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church.
Adams attended Santa Ana College, where he studied music and political science. He worked as a janitor for the Santa Ana Recreation and Park Department while attending Whittier College until he was drafted into the Army, serving as a military police officer and eventually sergeant until his discharge from Camp Harahan in 1946.
He moved to Los Angeles, where he graduated from Moler Barber College and became a security guard for the Los Angeles County Sheriff Department. Four years later, in 1950, he attended the California School of Photography and Graphic Design and the Fred Archer School of Photography, where he earned the nickname "One Shot Harry" for his quick work.
He later resigned from the Sheriff's Department to open a barbershop and studio at 4223 Avalon Blvd. He relocated it to 4300 South Central in 1971.

## Personal life

Adams married Marjorie Harris Adams in 1939 and had two children, a son, born that same year and a daughter, born in 1941. Adams and Harris divorced, and he married Lorraine Proctor in 1956. Adams died from a heart attack in 1985.

## Work

Adams' work was known for being "worklike and of-the-moment" but not dramatic or provocative. The Los Angeles Times said, "His photographs captured everyday life in the city's African-American community. His work also includes images of dignitaries such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, a young Tom Bradley, former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and many others."

## Exhibitions

* Black Life: Images of Resistance and Resilience in Southern California. San Diego Museum of Art. August 24, 2019 – December 1, 2019.
* Identity and Affirmation: Post War African-American Photography. California State University, Northridge Art Gallery, Pacific Standard Time: Art in L.A., 1945–1980, September 1–December 10, 2011.
* Harry Adams: Camera & Community. California African American Museum, Los Angeles, California, March–May 1997.

## Collections

Photographic collections of Adams' work are held at Yale University and in the Tom and Ethel Bradley Center at California State University, Northridge.
# Lillydale, West Virginia

Lillydale, West Virginia may refer to:
* Lillydale, Monroe County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in Monroe County
* Lillydale, Wyoming County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in Wyoming County
# Domeli, Kapurthala

Domeli is a village in Tehsil Phagwara, Kapurthala district, in Punjab, India.

## Demographics

According to the 2001 Census, Domeli has a population of 3,000 people. But now the population has increased by four times. Neighbouring villages include Gujratan, Miranpur, Rehana Jattan, Bhabhiana, Babeli, Dugga, Musapur, Jethpur, Bhakriana and Lutera Kalan.

## Gurdwara Thamm Sahib Patshahi Chhevin (6th)

Domeli is sacred to Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji who, according to local tradition, visited the village on 11 Chet 1695 Bk / 9 March 1638. The Gurdwara dedicated to the Guru Ji's visit is the Thamm Sahib Patshahi Chevin (6th). It is said that the Guru Ji installed a wooden column (thamm, in Punjabi) which is preserved as a sacred relic. The Gurdwara, entered through a small gateway opening on a narrow lane inside the village, is a hall with a high, vaulted ceiling.
The sanctum, a raised platform in the middle of the room, has the Thamm Sahib draped in cloth in the centre with the Guru Granth Sahib Ji seated on a palaki (palanquin). The Gurdwara is managed by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee through a local committee. The major annual celebration is the birthday of Guru Hargobind.
The Gurdwara has a college next to it.

## Around Domeli

Domeli has a hospital and a school, Contributions to make these facilities came from many families in the village and abroad. The nearest main road is the Phagwara-Hoshiarpur Road. The other local road runs from Domeli to Rama Mandi in Jalandar and joins the Jalandhar-Adampur Road. This road passes the villages of Musapur, Ucha, Mohadipur, Bohani, Sarnana, Talhan and Dhilwan.
Domeli has a number of families with the Ganger, Jakhu, and Nijjer surname. Late Jalldar(S) Paramjit Singh and Kamaljit Singh are said to be the predominant leaders in promoting the village and helping implement infrastructure. Many people from Domeli now live in Canada, England, America, Greece and other foreign countries. Domeli is a very big village, it has a gurudwara Dara Baba Dalip Singh, and is very popular area for tourists and villagers. Many years ago, Master Sadhu Ram Ganger of Domeli, was a member of Parliament. Sardar Mann Singh Nijjar was the Block Development & Panchyat Officer. Almost every family in Domeli has a relative or family member abroad.
# Aku Stacy

Aku Stacy may refer to:
# Eady

Eady is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alyse Eady (b. 1988), American news anchor
* Charles Eady, (1870–1945), Australian cricketer
* Charles Swinfen Eady, 1st Baron Swinfen, (1851–1919), British lawyer and judge
* Cornelius Eady, (b. 1954), American poet
* David Eady, (b. 1943), English High Court judge
* David Eady (film director) (1924–2009), British film director and producer
* Dorothy Eady, (1904–1981), English Egyptologist
* Eric Eady (1915–1966), British meteorology researcher
* George Eady (1865–1941), British politician
* Hanna Eady (b. 1956), Palestinian-American actor and playwright
* Jason Eady, American musician
* Josh Eady, Canadian producer
* Lewis Alfred Eady (1891–1965), New Zealand businessman
* Marshall Thomas Wilton Eady, Australian engineer
* Robin Eady (1940–2017), British physician
* Roger Swinfen Eady, 3rd Baron Swinfen (1938–2022), British peer
* Wilfred Griffin Eady (1890–1962), British treasury official and diplomat
# Henry Pelham (of Stanmer)

Henry Pelham (c.1694 – 2 June 1725) was a British landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1725.
Pelham was the eldest son of Henry Pelham and his wife Frances Byne, daughter of John Byne of Rowdell, Sussex.
Pelham was the first cousin of the Duke of Newcastle, who brought him in to stand for Hastings at the 1715 election shortly after Henry reached his majority. Newcastle's ownership of Hastings Castle and the lordship and Rape of Hastings gave him considerable local influence; the borough's corporation asked him to recommend one candidate, while the incumbent members, the independent Whig Archibald Hutcheson and the Tory Sir Joseph Martin also stood. Pelham was returned at the top of the poll, and Hutcheson, who enjoyed both a personal interest in town and the support of Lord Ashburnham and the Duke of Marlborough, finished nearly as strongly, while Martin was defeated with less than half of Hutcheson's votes.
Pelham was a reliable Government supporter, although he absented himself from the Peerage Bill debates in 1719. He voted with the government in favor of the Septennial Act 1716, despite a petition from the corporation against it. He was brought in for Lewes in 1722 on the Newcastle interest, and died three years later of tuberculosis.
Pelham succeeded his father in 1721, inheriting Stanmer Park near Lewes, Sussex. He commissioned French architect Nicholas Dubois to remodel the mansion house in 1722, although it would not be completed until after his death, when the estate had passed to his younger brother Thomas.
# Douglas Jackson (author)

Douglas Jackson (born 1956) is a Scottish novelist. Jackson grew up in the town of Jedburgh in the Scottish Borders. A journalist on local and national newspapers for 36 years, Jackson left The Scotsman, where he was assistant editor, in 2009 to become a full-time writer.

## Writing career

As of January 2015 Jackson has published twelve novels, eight under the name Douglas Jackson and four under the pen name James Douglas. Jackson's first novel was Caligula (2008), the story of a young slave and animal trainer, Rufus, who becomes keeper of the famously mad Emperor's elephant, Bersheba. Rufus and his friend, the famous gladiator, Cupido, struggle to stay alive in the complex web of plot and counter plot in Caligula's court on the Palatine Hill. This was followed in 2009 by Claudius, which continues Rufus's story as he accompanies another emperor on the invasion of Britain in 43 AD. In 2010, Hero of Rome, the first of a new series featuring the tribune Gaius Valerius Verrens, was published, followed on 18 August 2011, by Defender of Rome. The third, Avenger of Rome was published in 2012, followed by Sword of Rome (2013), Enemy of Rome (2014) and Scourge of Rome (2015). Jackson's first series, The Doomsday Testament (James Douglas), follows art recovery expert Jamie Saintclair as he tries to unravel the mystery behind his soldier grandfather's final mission of World War Two, a quest which brings him within a fingertip of the most famous painting still missing from the war, and a buried secret that could destroy the world or safeguard the future of mankind. Douglas Jackson's books are available as ebooks.
# Alucita nephelotoxa

Alucita nephelotoxa is a moth of the family Alucitidae, which is found in India (Assam).
# 1968 World Amateur Snooker Championship

The 1968 World Amateur Snooker Championship was the third edition of the championship that later became known as the IBSF World Snooker Championship, the first event having been held in 1963. The 1968 tournament was played in Australia with two round-robin groups, one held in Adelaide and one on Melbourne, and the semi-finals and final being played at the Hordern Pavilion, Sydney.
David Taylor of England defeated Max Williams of Australia 8–7 in the final to win the title. Taylor also made the highest break, 96.

## Qualifying groups

Matches in the qualifying groups were all played between 16 and 20 September.
Group A, played at the Albert Park table tennis stadium, Melbourne.
| Position | Player | Won | Lost | Frames | Highest break |
| 1 | David Taylor (ENG) | 4 | 0 | 24–13 | 96 |
| 2 | Jimmy van Rensberg (RSA) | 3 | 1 | 22–14 | |
| 3 | Harry Andrews (AUS) | 2 | 2 | 17–16 | |
| 4 | Tony Monteiro (IND) | 1 | 3 | 17–22 | |
| 5 | Lance Napper (NZL) | 0 | 4 | 9–24 | |
Group B, played at Australia Hall, Adelaide.
| Position | Player | Won | Lost | Frames | Highest break |
| 1 | Max Williams (AUS) | 3 | 1 | 22–14 | |
| 2 | Paddy Morgan (IRE) | 3 | 1 | 19–14 | 88 |
| 3 | Mohammed Lafir (LKA) | 2 | 2 | 19–16 | |
| 4 | Shyam Shroff (IND) | 2 | 2 | 20–19 | |
| 5 | Dick Flutey (NZL) | 0 | 4 | 7–24 | |

## Knockout

The semi-final between Williams and van Renberg was played on 29 and 30 September; the semi-final between Taylor and Morgan was played on 1 and 2 October; the final was played on 3 and 4 October.
| Semi-finals Best of 15 frames | Semi-finals Best of 15 frames | Semi-finals Best of 15 frames | Final Best of 15 frames | Final Best of 15 frames | Final Best of 15 frames |
| David Taylor (ENG) | David Taylor (ENG) | 8 | | | |
| Paddy Morgan (IRE) | Paddy Morgan (IRE) | 3 | David Taylor (ENG) | David Taylor (ENG) | 8 |
| Max Williams (AUS) | Max Williams (AUS) | 8 | Max Williams (AUS) | Max Williams (AUS) | 7 |
| Jimmy van Rensberg (RSA) | Jimmy van Rensberg (RSA) | 7 | | | |
# Emarginula dictya

Emarginula dictya is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.
# Hypolycaena coerulea

Hypolycaena coerulea, the shining fairy hairstreak, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Nigeria (the Niger Delta, the eastern part of the country and the Cross River loop) and western Cameroon. The habitat consists of primary forests.