# Salmson air-cooled aero-engines

Between 1920 and 1951 the Société des Moteurs Salmson in France developed and built a series of widely used air-cooled aircraft engines.

## Design and development

After their successful water-cooled radial engines, developed from 1908 to 1918, Salmson changed their focus to air-cooling to reduce weight and increase specific power (power per unit weight). The majority of the engines produced by Salmson were of radial type with a few other arrangements such as the Salmson T6.E. In common with other engines produced by this manufacturer, the air-cooled radial engines featured the unorthodox Canton-Unné internal arrangement that dispensed with a master rod in favour of a cage of epicyclic gears driving the crankpin. Production ended in 1951 with the liquidation of the manufacturing company.

## British Salmson

The 3,7 and 9 cylinder Salmsons were license-built in Great Britain, during the 1920s and 1930s, by the British Salmson engine company as the British Salmson AD.3, British Salmson AC.7, British Salmson AC.9, and British Salmson AD.9.

## Salmson post-WWI engines

In common with several other French aero-engine manufacturers Salmson named their engines with the number of cylinders then a series letter in capitals followed by variant letters in lower-case. Engines not included in the 1932 table which follows are listed here:

### 3AD

    9 kW (12 hp) at 1800 rpm rated

### 5Ac

    90 kW (120 hp)

### 5Ap-01

    60 kW (80 hp)

### 5Aq-01

    65 kW (87 hp)

### 6TE

    130 kW (170 hp) inline engine

### 6TE.S

    130 kW (170 hp) inline engine

### 7Ac

    70 kW (94 hp)

### 7Aq

    100 kW (130 hp)

### 8As

    Argus As 10 inline engine

### 9Ac

    30 kW (40 hp)

### 9AB

    150 kW (200 hp) at 1500 rpm rated

### 9ABa

    210 kW (280 hp)

### 9ABc

    170 kW (230 hp)

### 9Az

    220 kW (300 hp) at 1500 rpm rated

### 9A2c

    180 kW (240 hp)

### 9M

    89 kW (120 hp)

### 9Nd

    130 kW (175 hp)

### 9Ne

    130 kW (170 hp)

### 9Ng

    150 kW (200 hp)

### 9Nh

    150 kW (200 hp)

### 9P

    70 kW (94 hp)

### 12C

    190 kW (250 hp) W-12 engine

### 18Z

    450 kW (600 hp)

### Salmson-Szydlowski SH18

    18 cylinder air-cooled 2-stroke radial
Salmson air-cooled engines available in 1932 are listed here
| Name | Type | Bore | Stroke | Capacity | Power | Weight |
| 7AC | 7-cyl radial | 100 mm (3.94 in) | 130 mm (5.12 in) | 7.150 L (436.3 cu in) | 78 kW (105 hp) at 1,800 rpm | 130 kg (290 lb) |
| 9AB | 9-cyl radial | 125 mm (4.92 in) | 170 mm (6.69 in) | 18.765 L (1,145.1 cu in) | 190 kW (250 hp) at 1,700 rpm | 265 kg (584 lb) |
| 9AC | 9-cyl radial | 100 mm (3.94 in) | 130 mm (5.12 in) | 9.189 L (560.7 cu in) | 97 kW (130 hp) at 1,800 rpm | 170 kg (370 lb) |
| 9AD | 9-cyl radial | 70 mm (2.76 in) | 86 mm (3.39 in) | 2.979 L (181.8 cu in) | 34 kW (45 hp) at 2,000 rpm | 68 kg (150 lb) |
| 9ADb | 9-cyl radial | 70 mm (2.76 in) | 86 mm (3.39 in) | 2.979 L (181.8 cu in) | 41 kW (55 hp) at 2,200 rpm | 74 kg (163 lb) |
| 9ADr | 9-cyl radial | 70 mm (2.76 in) | 86 mm (3.39 in) | 2.979 L (181.8 cu in) | 48 kW (65 hp) at 2,700 rpm | 79 kg (174 lb) |
| 9NA | 9-cyl radial | 140 mm (5.51 in) | 160 mm (6.30 in) | 22.140 L (1,351.1 cu in) | 250 kW (330 hp) at 1,800 rpm | 292 kg (644 lb) |
| 9NAs | 9-cyl radial | 140 mm (5.51 in) | 160 mm (6.30 in) | 22.140 L (1,351.1 cu in) | 340 kW (450 hp) at 1,800rpm | 315 kg (694 lb) |
| 9NC | 9-cyl radial | 100 mm (3.94 in) | 140 mm (5.51 in) | 9.900 L (604.1 cu in) | 110 kW (150 hp) at 1,800 rpm | 155 kg (342 lb) |
| 9NCt | 9-cyl radial | 100 mm (3.94 in) | 140 mm (5.51 in) | 9.900 L (604.1 cu in) | 130 kW (170 hp) at 1,800 rpm | 165 kg (364 lb) |
| 18AB | 18-cyl 2-row radial | 125 mm (4.92 in) | 180 mm (7.09 in) | 39.761 L (2,426.4 cu in) | 410 kW (550 hp) at 1,700 rpm | 450 kg (990 lb) |
| 18ABs | 18-cyl 2-row radial | 125 mm (4.92 in) | 180 mm (7.09 in) | 39.761 L (2,426.4 cu in) | 480 kW (650 hp) at 1,700 rpm | 465 kg (1,025 lb) |

## Applications
### Nine cylinder engines
#### 9AB

* Aviméta 132
* Bernard SIMB AB 16
* Blériot 135
* Blériot 290
* Boisavia B.604 Mercurey II
* Farman F.166
* Farman F.310
* Hanriot H.436
* Loire 30
* Loire 501
* Morane-Saulnier MS.130
* Morane-Saulnier MS.230
* Morane-Saulnier MS.237
* Morane-Saulnier MS.502
* Potez 33/2
* Romano R.82
* Romano R.83
* SET 3
* SNCAO 30
* Wibault 360 prototype

#### 9AC

* ANF Les Mureaux 140T
* Bartel BM-2
* Besson MB.35
* Caudron C.240
* Farman F.202
* Hanriot H.36
* Hanriot H.41H
* Hanriot LH.12
* Hanriot HD.320
* Lioré et Olivier LeO H-180
* Morane-Saulnier MS.136
* Morane-Saulnier MS.137
* SPCA 40T

#### 9AD

* Ace 300
* Angus Aquila (A.D.9)
* Arado L I
* Arpin A-1 Safety-Pin (A.D.9R srsIII)
* Aviaméta 9Ac
* B.A. Swallow (A.D.9)
* Bassou Roubis (9 AD
* BFW M.23a
* Boulton & Paul P.41 Phoenix II (A.D.9)
* British-Klemm Swallow (A.D.9R srsIII)
* Brochet MB.50
* Brochet MB.70
* CAP-4 Paulistinha prototype
* Caudron C.109
* Comper C.L.A.7 Swift (A.D.9)
* Couzinet 100 (9 ADb)
* Couzinet 103
* Dupuy D-40 (9 AD)
* Farman F.230
* Gerner G II R (9 AD)
* Hafner R.II Revoplane II (A.D.9)
* Henderson-Glenny Gadfly III
* Hinkler Ibis (A.D.9)
* Indraéro Aéro 20 (9 ADb)
* Indraéro Aéro 30 (9 AD)
* Indraéro Aéro 101 (9 ADb)
* Jodel D.11
* Jodel D.116
* Jodel D.116 (9 ADr)
* Klemm L.25 (A.D.9)
* Mauboussin M.120
* Morane-Saulnier MS.180
* Peyret-Mouboussin M.XII
* Payne Knight Twister prototype
* Parmentier Wee Mite (A.D.9)
* Piel CP.210 Pinocchio (9 AD)
* Rigault RP.01B
* RWD-2
* Salmson D-6 Cricri (9 ADr)
* Siebel Si 202A
* Starck AS-70 Jac
* Starck AS-72
* Taylor E-2 prototype
* Terle Sportplane (9 AD)
* WNF Wn 16

#### 9AG

* Morane-Saulnier MS.406

#### 9AZ

* Farman F.90

#### 9NC

* Besson MB.41
* Morane-Saulnier MS.191
* Morane-Saulnier MS.315
* Morane-Saulnier MS.343
* Salmson Phrygane D-2
* SPCA 41T
* SPCA 218

#### 9ND

* Besson MB.411
* Bloch MB.81
* Guerchais-Roche T.39/II
* Salmson Phrygane D-4

#### 9NE

* Lioré-et-Olivier LeO C.301

#### 9NH

* SNCASE SE-3110

#### 9NM

* SNCASE Alouette I

### 7AC

* Albert A-61
* Caudron C.191&2
* Caudron C.220
* Caudron C.270
* Dewoitine D.480
* Farman F.234
* Farman F.280
* Farman F.352
* Hanriot H.411
* Kellner-Béchereau 23
* Morane-Saulnier MS.132
* Morane-Saulnier MS.148
* Potez 36/5

### 5Ap

* Jodel D.123

### 5Aq

* Caudron C.109.2
* CFA D.7 Cricri Major

### 5AC

* Caudron C.110
* Caudron C.161
* Jodel D.124
* Potez 36/3

## Specifications (9 Ab)

Data from Tsygulev

### General characteristics

* Type: Nine-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooled radial engine
* Bore: 125 mm (4.92 in)
* Stroke: 170 mm (6.69 in)
* Displacement: 18.765 L (1,145 in³)
* Length: 1,000 mm (39.37 in)
* Diameter: 1,180 mm (46.46 in)
* Dry weight: 265 kg (584 lb)

### Components

* Valvetrain: Two overhead valves per cylinder
* Supercharger: Single-speed centrifugal type supercharger
* Fuel system: Zenith 42D carburetor
* Cooling system: Air-cooled

### Performance

* Power output: 191 kW (256 hp) at 1,780 rpm for takeoff
* Specific power: 10.18 kW/L (0.22 hp/in³)
* Compression ratio: 5:1
* Specific fuel consumption: 328 g/(kW•h) (0.54 lb/(hp•h))
* Oil consumption: 19 g/(kW•h) (0.49 oz/(hp•h))
* Power-to-weight ratio: 0.72 kW/kg (0.44 hp/lb)