OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gmina Lisewo

Gmina Lisewo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Lisewo, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Chełmno and 30 km (19 mi) north of Toruń.
The gmina covers an area of 86.2 square kilometres (33.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,259.

## Villages

Gmina Lisewo contains the villages and settlements of Bartlewo, Błachta, Chrusty, Drzonowo, Kamlarki, Kornatowo, Krajęcin, Krusin, Linowiec, Lipienek, Lisewo, Malankowo, Mgoszcz, Piątkowo, Pniewite, Strucfoń, Tytlewo and Wierzbowo.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Lisewo is bordered by the gminas of Chełmża, Papowo Biskupie, Płużnica and Stolno.
# Gmina Lipowiec Kościelny

Gmina Lipowiec Kościelny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Lipowiec Kościelny, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (8 mi) west of Mława and 112 km (69 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
The gmina covers an area of 114.21 square kilometres (44.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,125 (4,928 in 2013).

## Villages

Gmina Lipowiec Kościelny contains the villages and settlements of Borowe, Cegielnia Lewicka, Dobra Wola, Józefowo, Kęczewo, Krępa, Lewiczyn, Lipowiec Kościelny, Łomia, Niegocin, Parcele Łomskie, Rumoka, Turza Mała, Turza Wielka, Wola Kęczewska and Zawady.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Lipowiec Kościelny is bordered by the town of Mława and by the gminas of Działdowo, Iłowo-Osada, Kuczbork-Osada, Szreńsk and Wiśniewo.
# Cusco (disambiguation)

Cusco (also often spelled Cuzco) is the Inca capital in modern Peru and the most populous city in the Andes.
Cusco or cuzco may also refer to:

## Places
### Peru

* Cusco Region, geographic and political region in Peru with Cusco city as its capital
* Cusco Province, province in the Cusco Region
* Cusco District, district in Cusco Province
* Historic Centre of Cuzco, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located within the city of the same name

### Elsewhere

* Cuzco (Madrid Metro), a station on Line 10 in Madrid, Spain
* Cuzco, Indiana, a small town in the United States

## Other uses

* Cusco (band), a German cross-cultural new age band named after the Inca capital city
* CUSCO Japan, Japanese automotive suspensions parts company
# Glipa pici

Glipa pici is a species of beetle in the genus Glipa. It was described in 1940.
# Glipa ornata

Glipa ornata is a species of beetle in the genus Glipa. It was described in 1895.
# Gluteal artery

Gluteal artery (arteria glutea) can refer to:
* Superior gluteal artery
* Inferior gluteal artery
# Gluteal nerve

Gluteal nerve may refer to:
* Superior gluteal nerve
* Inferior gluteal nerve
# Glutathionylspermidine amidase

In enzymology, a glutathionylspermidine amidase (EC 3.5.1.78) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    glutathionylspermidine + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ glutathione + spermidine
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glutathionylspermidine and H$_2$O, whereas its two products are glutathione and spermidine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine:spermidine amidase. This enzyme is also called glutathionylspermidine amidohydrolase (spermidine-forming). This enzyme participates in glutathione metabolism.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 2IO7, 2IO8, 2IO9, 2IOA, and 2IOB.
# Gluteal gait

Gluteal gait is an abnormal gait caused by neurological problems. If the superior gluteal nerve or obturator nerves are injured, they fail to control the gluteus minimus and medius muscles properly, thus producing an inability to tilt the pelvis upward while swinging the leg forward to walk. To compensate for this loss, the leg swings out laterally so that the foot can move forward, producing a shuffling or waddling gait.
Injury to the superior gluteal nerve results in a characteristic motor loss, resulting in a disabling gluteus medius limp, to compensate for weakened abduction of the thigh by the gluteus medius and minimus, and/or a gluteal gait, a compensatory list of the body to the weakened gluteal side.
As a result of this compensation, the center of gravity is placed over the supporting lower limb. Medial rotation of the thigh is also severely impaired. When a person is asked to stand on one leg, the gluteus medius and minimus normally contract as soon as the contralateral foot leaves the floor, preventing tipping of the pelvis to the unsupported side. When a person with paralysis of the superior gluteal nerve is asked to stand on one leg, the pelvis descends on the unsupported side, indicating that the gluteus medius on the contralateral side is weak or non-functional. This observation is referred to clinically as a positive Trendelenburg's sign.
When the pelvis descends on the unsupported side, the lower limb becomes, in effect, too long and does not clear the ground when the foot is brought forward in the swing phase of walking. To compensate, the individual leans away from the unsupported side, raising the pelvis to allow adequate room for the foot to clear the ground as it swings forward.
# Gmina Niegowa

Gmina Niegowa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Myszków County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Niegowa, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Myszków and 57 km (35 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.
The gmina covers an area of 87.57 square kilometres (33.8 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 5,642.

## Villages

Gmina Niegowa contains the villages and settlements of Antolka, Bliżyce, Bobolice, Brzeziny, Dąbrowno, Gorzków Nowy, Gorzków Stary, Ludwinów, Łutowiec, Mirów, Moczydło, Mzurów, Niegowa, Niegówka, Ogorzelnik, Postaszowice, Sokolniki, Tomiszowice, Trzebniów and Zagórze.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Niegowa is bordered by the gminas of Irządze, Janów, Kroczyce, Lelów, Włodowice and Żarki.
# Glyphipterix zelota

Glyphipterix zelota is a species of sedge moth in the genus Glyphipterix. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1888. It is found in New Zealand.
# Glyphis (lichen)

Glyphis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions.

## Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum;
* Glyphis atrofusca (Müll.Arg.) Lücking (2009)
* Glyphis batuana Hardini, Kasiamdari & Purnomo (2018)
* Glyphis cicatricosa Ach. (1814)
* Glyphis cribrosa Fée (1841)
* Glyphis dictyospora Staiger (2002)
* Glyphis frischiana Kalb (2020)
* Glyphis lirellizans Lücking, N.Marín & B.Moncada (2023) – Colombia
* Glyphis montoensis (A.W.Archer) Staiger (2002)
* Glyphis scyphulifera (Ach.) Staiger (2002)
* Glyphis substriatula (Nyl.) Staiger (2002)
Former species;
* G. colliculosa C. Knight (1886) = Sarcographa colliculosa, Graphidaceae
* G. confluens Zenker (1827) = Glyphis cicatricosa
* G. cyclospora (Müll. Arg.) Shirley (1889) = Sarcographina cyclospora, Graphidaceae
* G. gyrizans Leight. (1870) = Sarcographa glyphiza, Graphidaceae
* G. heteroclita Mont. (1843) = Sarcographa heteroclita, Graphidaceae
* G. kirtoniana Müll. Arg. (1882) = Sarcographa kirtoniana, Graphidaceae
* G. labyrinthica sensu auct. brit. = Syncesia myrticola, Roccellaceae
* G. labyrinthica Ach. (1814) = Sarcographa labyrinthica, Graphidaceae
* G. medusulina Nyl. (1863) = Sarcographa medusulina, Graphidaceae
* G. sericea (Eschw.) Nyl. (1867) = Leiorreuma sericeum, Graphidaceae
* G. subtricosa Leight. (1870) = Sarcographa subtricosa, Graphidaceae
* G. verruculosa Zahlbr. (1923) = Glyphis cicatricosa
# Casta Diva

Casta Diva can refer to:
* "Casta diva" (aria), aria from the opera Norma by Bellini
* Mandarin Oriental, Lake Como, a resort in Blevio, Como, Italy formerly known as Casta Diva.
* Casta Diva (1935 film), an Italian musical film
* Casta Diva (1954 film), an Italian drama film
# Cartouche, King of Paris

Cartouche, King of Paris or just Cartouche (French: Cartouche, roi de Paris) is a 1950 French historical adventure film directed by Guillaume Radot and starring Roger Pigaut, Renée Devillers and Claire Duhamel. The film's sets were designed by the art director Marcel Magniez. It portrays the eighteenth century highwaymen Louis Dominique Bourguignon, known as Cartouche.

## Cast

* Roger Pigaut as Louis Dominique Bourguignon dit Cartouche
* Renée Devillers as Madame de Parabère
* Claire Duhamel as Henriette
* Jean Davy as Le régent Philippe d'Orléans
* Jacques Castelot as Le duc du Maine
* Jacky Flynt [fr] as Vénus, la bohémienne
* Léone Nogarède [fr] as La duchesse du Maine
* Lucien Nat as M. de Cellamare
* Pierre Bertin as Monsieur de Boisgreux
* Pierre Stéphen as Lignières
* Denis d'Inès as Le fermier général
* Jean Carmet as Brin d'Amour, un soldat
* Palau as Anselme Bourguignon
* René Worms as Le cardinal Dubois
* Léon Bary as Un officier de cour
* Sinoël as Le vieux
* Lucien Blondeau as Le majordome
* Yves Brainville as Le comte de Horn
* Marcel Pérès as Le recruteur
* Albert Michel as L'espion
* Albert Malbert as Le policier
* Frédéric Mariotti as Un voleur
* Jean Clarieux as Un voleur
* Maurice Régamey as Lafleur, un voleur
* Jo Dervo as Un voleur
* Georges Patrix [fr] as Un voleur
* Michel Barbey as Simon
* Alfred Baillou
* Georges Cahuzac
* Jacques Cossin
* Harry-Max
* Jean-Pierre Lorrain
* Lévy as Un juif
* Franck Maurice
* Émile Mylo [fr]
* Raymond Pélissier
* Liliane Robert
* Marcel Rouzé
# Cassius Clay vs. Alonzo Johnson

Cassius Clay vs. Alonzo Johnson was a professional boxing match contested on July 22, 1961.

## Background

Ahead of the bout Johnson's manager expressed confidence saying "Clay is a little too young to be meeting the top-flight heavies".

## The fight

Cassius Clay won the bout on points with a unanimous decision.

## Aftermath

Johnson would later serve as a sparing partner for Henry Cooper ahead of his first match with Clay in 1963.

## Undercard

Confirmed bouts:

## Broadcasting

| Country | Broadcaster |
| United States | ABC |
# Caryville, Massachusetts

Caryville is a former mill village located in the northeastern corner of Bellingham, Massachusetts, United States, extending into the neighboring town of Franklin in the western part of Norfolk County.

## History

Edward Rawson, the secretary of the Colony of Massachusetts, is recorded as the first European settler of Caryville and North Bellingham in the mid-1600s who owned a farm in the area. The land was given to him as a land grant by the Massachusetts General Court in Boston as a form of compensation for his work. The land which became the village of Caryville was passed on as an 800-acre parcel to William Rawson, his heir, who broke up the land and sold it in 1701. Thomas Burch bought 200 acres of the land along the Country Road, an early name for the modern day Hartford Avenue through the center of Caryville. Burch sold the land to John Metcalf in 1735. Stephen Metcalf, his grandson, sold the land to Joseph Fairbanks in 1800.
As Bellingham took shape as a town, the community divided itself up into school districts. Caryville was included in the West Parish of Medway in 1747. Caryville emerged as a full fledged village beginning with the opening of the Caryville Mill in 1813 by Joseph Fairbanks. The site became the second active mill in Bellingham. Property rights were split between Metcalf and Fairbanks with provisions for a dam, a small water channel, a grist mill and a cotton mill.
In 1830, William White purchased the Caryville mill. Upon his death, his widow remarried William H. Cary, the namesake of the village, who had moved to Medway from Attleboro to work in cotton mills in 1818. Cary rebuilt and enlarged the mill after a fire and constructed three tenement houses. Cary lived past the age of 80, owning the mill for 16 years. The residents of the small village named the post office after him when it was built in 1866.
Electric streetcars began running between Milford, Caryville and Medway beginning in 1897, with electric lighting in the village by 1907. Throughout its history, Caryville was dominated by the Metcalf family. Edwin and William Fairbanks, the grandsons of Joseph Fairbanks, operated a shoe factory until it burned down in 1876.
Caryville was a large and prosperous mill village that at one point in the 1800s petitioned to be set off as a separate town. Into the early 20th century, the village had an active baseball rivalry with the Dean College baseball team in the center of Franklin.

## Decline

Caryville gradually faded as a defined village with the growth of suburbs in Bellingham and the construction of Interstate 495 in 1965. A large mill, dated to 1918, remained standing in Caryville until its demolition in 2016. Simultaneously, the Bellingham government ordered the removal of the small dam adjacent to the mill.
# Glycerol and potassium permanganate

The chemical redox reaction between potassium permanganate and glycerol is often used to demonstrate the powerful oxidizing property of potassium permanganate, especially in the presence of organic compounds such as glycerol. The exothermic (heat producing) reaction between potassium permanganate (KMnO$_4$), a strong oxidizing agent, and glycerol (C$_3$H$_5$(OH)$_3$), a readily oxidised organic substance, is an example of an experiment sometimes referred to as a "chemical volcano".

## Explanation

Potassium permanganate (KMnO$_4$) is a dark violet colored powder. Its reaction with glycerol (commonly known as glycerin or glycerine) (C$_3$H$_5$(OH)$_3$) is highly exothermic, resulting rapidly in a flame, along with the formation of carbon dioxide and water vapour:
14 KMnO$_4$(s) + 4 C$_3$H$_5$(OH)$_3$(l) → 7 K$_2$CO$_3$(s) + 7 Mn$_2$O$_3$(s) + 5 CO$_2$(g) + 16 H$_2$O(g).
Crystalline potassium permanganate (KMnO$_4$) is placed in an evaporating dish. A depression is made at the center of the permanganate powder and glycerol liquid is added to it. The white smoke-like vapor produced by the reaction is a mixture of carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. Since the reaction is highly exothermic, initial sparking occurs, followed by a lilac- or pink-colored flame. When energy or heat is added to electrons, their energy level increases to an excited state. This state is short-lived, and once the electrons release the energy, they return to their normal energy levels. During this process the energy is visibly observed as light. When the reaction is complete, it leaves behind a grayish solid with green regions.
# Cynaeda allardalis

Cynaeda allardalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Oberthür in 1876. It is found in Algeria.
# Goatskin

Goatskin may refer to:
* Goatskin (material), the skin of a goat or the leather made from it
* Goatskin (container), a container for wine
# 87th (1st Nassau) Infantry

The 87th (1st Nassau) Infantry Regiment (German: 1. Nassauisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 87) was an infantry regiment, part of the 41st Infantry Brigade and the 21st Division. The unit was created in the year 1809, and they were garrisoned in the city of Mainz.
The 87th infantry regiment also had very distinctive uniforms, since unlike their German and Dutch counterparts the Nassau regiment was equipped with dark green uniforms and yellow baldric's on both shoulders where as the officers wore dark green uniforms and a white baldric on the right shoulder.
# Cyperus onerosus

Cyperus onerosus is a species of sedge that is endemic to Andrews, Ward, and Winkler counties in Texas.
# Globeride

Globeride, Inc. (グローブライド株式会社, Gurōburaido Kabushiki-gaisha), formerly Daiwa Seiko Corporation (ダイワ精工株式会社, Daiwa Seiko Kabushiki-gaisha) until 2009, is a Japanese manufacturing company that produces fishing equipment in addition to tennis, golf and biking gears. Globeride's fishing products, sold under the Daiwa brand, account for the majority of its sales, including rods, reels, lines and fishing-related apparels (such as polarized sunglasses). The company also offers licensed Prince brand tennis gear, G-III brand golf gear, Bottecchia bicycles and other outdoor products.
Founded by engineer Yoshio Matsui (松井義男, 1906-1983) in 1955 as Matsui Manufacturing (松井製作所, Matsui Seisaku-sho) and then formally established in 1958 as Daiwa Precision Works Corporation (大和精工株式会社, Daiwa Seiko Kabushiki-gaisha), the company renamed itself Globeride on October 1, 2009. The company operates from offices throughout Japan and internationally from subsidiaries in Australia, France, Germany, Mainland China and Taiwan, Thailand, the United Kingdom and the United States. The British subsidiary, Daiwa Sports Ltd., was established in 1977 and production commenced the following year with the production of fishing rods and golf clubs.

## Brands

Globeride has fishing (Edwin, Snow Peak, Daiwa), golf (Fourteen, Roddio, G-III, ONOFF), racket sports (Prince) and cycle sports brands (Bottecchia, Focus Bikes, Corratec) in its portfolio.
# Castellar-Oliveral

Castellar-Oliveral is a village in Valencia, Spain. It is part of the municipality of Valencia. The nearest train station is Alfafar-Benetússer which is 25 minute walk away from village or takes 10 minute by car drive to reach there from station. Nearest metro station is Quatre Carreres which is 14 min walk away from village.
39°25′35″N 0°21′51″W﻿ / ﻿39.4264°N 0.3642°W﻿ / 39.4264; -0.3642
* This article about a location in the Valencian Community, Spain, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Judge Leavitt

Judge Leavitt may refer to:
* Hiram Leavitt (1824–1901), Mono County, California, state court judge
* Humphrey H. Leavitt (1796–1873), judge of the United States District Courts for the District of Ohio and the Southern District of Ohio
* Jonathan Leavitt (1764–1830), judge of Probate in Massachusetts
* Myron E. Leavitt (1930–2004)judge of the Nevada District Court until being elected to the Nevada Supreme Court
# Karamchedu

Karamchedu is a village in Bapatla district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is also the headquarters of Karamchedu mandal in Chirala revenue division.
There are seven villages under Karamchedu mandal:
| Village | Population |
| Audi Pudi | 4,597 |
| Daggubadu | 5,387 |
| Karamchedu | 11,667 |
| Kesavarappadu | 814 |
| Kodavalivari Palem | 3,472 |
| Kunkalamarru | 4,719 |
| Swarna | 8,260 |
| Pothinavaripalem |
| Yarramvaripalem | 1,400 |
# Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1999 by Wiley. It covers research on homogeneous, heterogeneous, organic, and enzyme catalysis that are key technologies to achieve green synthesis, significant contributions to the same goal by synthesis design, reaction techniques, flow chemistry, and continuous processing, multiphase catalysis, green solvents, catalyst immobilization, and recycling, separation science, and process development. The editor-in-chief is Joe P. Richmond.
# John L. Williams

John L. Williams may refer to:
* John L. Williams (American football) (born 1964), American football player
* John L. Williams (Welsh nationalist) (1924–2004), Welsh nationalist activist and politician
* John Leonard Williams (1940–2019), Australian rules footballer
* John Lewis Williams (rugby union, born 1882) or Johnny Williams (1882–1916), Welsh rugby player
* John Lewis Williams (rugby union, born 1940), Australian rugby player
* John Lloyd Williams (botanist and musician) (1854–1945), Welsh botanist, author, and musician
* John Lloyd Williams (politician) (1892–1982), British Member of Parliament
* John Lloyd Williams (RAF officer) (born 1894), British air force officer
# Château de Miramont (Aude)

43°10′16″N 2°30′01″E﻿ / ﻿43.17099°N 2.50036°E﻿ / 43.17099; 2.50036
The Château de Miramont is a ruined castle in the commune of Barbaira in the Aude département of France.
The castle is the property of the commune. It has been listed since 1926 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
# Adela Úcar

Adela Úcar Innerarity (Bilbao, 1980) is a Spanish journalist, host and producer.
She studied Audiovisual Communication at the University of Navarre with a postgraduate course in Documentary Direction at the University of Melbourne (Australia), and she started working for Discovery Networks Asia in Singapore in 2004, after winning the international competition Discovery Channel "Reel Race" in 2003.

## Television

* Lonely Planet (Discovery Channel <UK version only>, 2007)
* Españoles en el mundo (TVE 1)
* Mucho Viaje (La 2)
* 21 días (Cuatro, 2009–2011)
* Globe Trekker (PBS, 2012) <also known as Pilot Guides)
# Aerius of Sebaste

Aerius of Pontus (also Aërius, Aëris) was a 4th-century presbyter of Sebaste in Pontus. He taught doctrines that were in opposition to 4th-5th century Christian beliefs. His views are known from St Epiphanius's Panarion in which he was accused of being an Arian. For a short period, he had many followers in Sebaste. He failed to make his teachings widely popular and his sect died out soon after his death. Aerius of Sebaste is sometimes seen as an early proto-protestant, along with Jovinian, Helvidius and Vigiliantius.

## Life and teachings

Aerius was a priest and a friend and fellow ascetic of Eustathius of Sebaste. Eustathius became bishop of Sebaste in the year 355 and would later ordain Aerius and put him in charge of the hospital in Sebaste. Aerius fell out with Eustathius, due to the bishop having deserted ascetic practices. Aerius opposed superiority of bishops over priests. Aerius soon began to teach new doctrines, insisting that there was no sacred character distinguishing bishop or priest from laymen, that the observance of the feast of Easter was a Jewish superstition, and that it was wrong to prescribe fasts or abstinences by law, and useless to pray for the dead. His followers, known as Aerians, fasted on Sundays and would not do so on the appointed fast-days, even during Holy Week.
For a time, he had many followers in Sebaste, but he could not make his teachings widely popular. The Aerians, who followed his teachings, may have been Arians as well. Epiphanius of Salamis believed they were. In his best-known book Panarion, he attacked the Aerians and their founder. Written between 374 and 377, the work was a handbook for dealing with heretics. The author listed 80 heretical doctrines, some of which, like the teachings of Aerius, are not described in any other surviving documents from the time.

## Legacy

Some sources, including The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, feel that Aerius received more attention than he was due from scholars such as St Robert Bellarmine and 17th century Anglican writers, "seeing how his sect died out soon after his death." His movement is considered important by some Protestants. However extant evidence shows how strongly the Christians of his day were opposed to the teaching of Aerius.
# Robert E. Johnson (editor)

Robert Edward "Bob" Johnson (August 13, 1922 in Montgomery, Alabama – January 1996 in Chicago) was Associate Publisher and Executive Editor of JET Magazine. He joined the JET staff in February 1953, two years after it was founded by Publisher John H. Johnson. He was part of the Presidential Press Corps in 1972 that traveled with United States President Richard Nixon to Russia, Poland, Austria and Iran and traveled with Ambassador Andrew Young on a trade mission tour of Africa in 1979. He was the author of Bill Cosby: In Words and Pictures (ISBN 978-0-87485-084-0).

## Education

    Morehouse College, 1948
    Syracuse University, Masters of Journalism 1952