OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rudolf Seydel

Rudolf Seydel (May 27, 1835 – December 8, 1892) was a German philosopher and theologian born in Dresden.
In 1860 he received his habilitation at the University of Leipzig, where in 1867 he became an associate professor of philosophy. He was a disciple of Christian Hermann Weisse (1801-1866), and is remembered for his studies involving parallels between Buddhism and Christianity. Seydel died in Leipzig on December 8, 1892.

## Selected writings

* Schopenhauers philosophisches System (Schopenhauer's philosophical system), 1857.
* Logik oder Wissenschaft vom Wissen (Logic or science of wisdom), 1866.
* Die Religion der Religionen (The religion of religions), 1872.
* Ethik oder Wissenschaft vom Seinsollenden (Ethic or science of the Seinsollenden), 1874.
* Das Evangelium von Jesu in seinem Verhältnis zur Buddhasage und Buddhlehre (The Gospel of Jesus in relation to the Buddha legend and teachings), 1882.
* Die Buddhalegende und das Leben Jesu nach den Evangelien (The Buddha legend and the life of Jesus after the Gospels), 1884.
* Buddha und Christus (Buddha and Christ), 1884.
* Religion und Wissenschaft. Gesammelte Reden und Abhandlungen (Religion and science, Collection of Writings and Papers), 1887.
* Religionsphilosophie im Umriß (Philosophy of religion in outline); (edited by Paul Wilhelm Schmiedel 1893).
# Alexander Baljakin

Alexander Baljakin (born 8 April 1961) is a Dutch draughts player born in the Russian city of Arkhangelsk. He is also a writer of books about draughts.

## Career

Baljakin became junior World Champion when he was still performing as a member of the Soviet team. In this period he became Soviet national champion in 1982, 1988 and 1989. He also won a gold medal at the Summer Olympiad in 1985 and as well as a silver at the World Championships in 1986. He won the Team World Cup in 1987.
He moved to Minsk in 1986 and after the fall of the Soviet Union he gained Belarusian citizenship, becoming national champion six consecutive times. He also won three bronze medals at the World Championships of 1992, 1994 and 1996 and was the Grandmasters Champion in 1995. In 1999 he won a silver medal at the rapid draughts World Championships.
In 2001 he moved to the Netherlands, gained Dutch citizenship and reached the A status which secures top sporters in the Netherlands money to live and focus on their sport. As a Dutchman he won a bronze medal at the 2005 World Championship Draughts in Amsterdam, while in 2007 he won the Balt Cup in Vilnius.
Baljakin has also written five books about draughts. Three of those together with Harm Wiersma in Dutch, one with Anatoli Gantvarg in English and one by himself in Dutch.

## Honours

* 1980 - World Championships (1st - gold medal) - juniors
* 1982 - Soviet Union Championships (1st - gold medal)
* 1985 - Summer Olympiad (1st - gold medal) - team
* 1986 - World Championships (2nd - silver medal)
* 1987 - World Cup (1st - gold medal) - team
* 1988 - Soviet Union Championships (1st - gold medal)
* 1989 - Soviet Union Championships (1st - gold medal)
* 1992 - World Championships (3rd - bronze medal)
* 1994 - World Championships (3rd - bronze medal)
* 1995 - Grandmasters 1995 (1st)
* 1996 - World Championships (3rd - bronze medal)
* 1999 - World Rapid Championships (2nd - silver medal)
* ???? - Belarusian Championships (1st - gold medal) six consecutive years
* 2000 - Open Dutch Championships (1st - gold medal)
* 2007 - Balt Cup (1st)
* 2009 - Dutch Championship (1st)
* 2011 - Dutch Championship (1st)

## Literature

* 1992 - De nationale toptraining 1992 (the national top training) - with Harm Wiersma (in Dutch)
* 1993 - De nationale toptraining 1993 (the national top training) - with Harm Wiersma (in Dutch)
* 1994 - De nationale toptraining 1994/95 (the national top training) - with Harm Wiersma (in Dutch)
* 1995 - Twelve Systems - with Anatoli Gantwarg (in English)
* 1997 - Schwarzmanie - about World Champion Alexander Schwarzman (in Dutch)
# Alexander Cunningham (historian)

Alexander Cunningham (1655–1737) was a Scottish diplomat and historian.

## Life

The current scholarly view is that little can be said certainly about his early life: he was related to Henry Cunningham who was Governor of Jamaica, and so linked to the Glencairn family. He was travelling tutor to James Carmichael from 1692 to 1695.
Cunningham visited Rome in 1700, after giving up a position as tutor to Lord Lorne. The following year he was sent as agent to Paris, nominally on a mission to prepare a trade convention or commercial treaty, between France and Scotland, but in reality as a spy. He gave William III of England an account of French military preparations. After William's death, he continued to act on behalf of the Whig party. He visited Hanover with Joseph Addison in 1703, where he was received by the Electress Sophia and her son George I Louis.
Cunningham was frequently consulted by the framers of the union between England and Scotland. He tried to reconcile Harley and Somers, and was an acquaintance of Sir Isaac Newton. After the Whigs lost power in 1710, he returned to tutoring, in 1711 accompanying Lord Lonsdale to Italy.
The accession of George I brought Cunningham in 1715 the appointment as British envoy to Venice, where he remained till 1720, when he retired on a pension. He then returned to London. He died in 1737, and was buried in the church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields on 15 May 1737. By his will, he left a fortune of £12,000.

## Works

A manuscript history in Latin by Cunningham came into the possession of Thomas Hollingbery, archdeacon of Chichester, a relative of his; who gave it to William Thomson. Thomson published an elaborate translation of it, in two volumes, in 1787 as The History of Great Britain from the Revolution in 1688 to the accession of George I. The history has been taken as authoritative for many of the events it relates, but is a partisan Whig account.
Thomson argued, wrongly given the extant wills, that the author was the same person as Alexander Cunningham the critic (1655?–1730). He had some notable supporters for his theory, which did not last into the 19th century.
# Conan the Usurper

Conan the Usurper is a 1967 collection of four fantasy short stories by American writer Robert E. Howard and L. Sprague de Camp, featuring Howard's sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian. Most of the stories originally appeared in the fantasy magazine Weird Tales in the 1930s. The book has been reprinted a number of times since by various publishers, and has also been translated into German, Spanish, Italian, Swedish and Dutch.

## Contents

* "Introduction" (L. Sprague de Camp)
* "The Treasure of Tranicos" (Robert E. Howard and L. Sprague de Camp)
* "Wolves Beyond the Border" (Robert E. Howard and L. Sprague de Camp)
* "The Phoenix on the Sword" (Robert E. Howard)
* "The Scarlet Citadel" (Robert E. Howard)

## Plot summary

Conan, about forty in these stories, embarks on the most desperate gamble of his life — leading a revolution against King Numedides of Aquilonia, with the goal of making himself king in his place. From his low point as a treasure-seeking fugitive in the Pictish Wilderness, he is retrieved by allies from his days in the Aquilonian army to lead the revolt. The borderlands suffer grievously during the war, but in the end Conan takes the throne, only to suffer the customary uneasiness of the head that wears the crown, from an attempted assassination involving Stygian sorcerer Thoth-Amon to magical treachery on the battlefield as he strives to defend his hard-won kingship against predatory foreign powers.
The Aquilonian civil war between Conan and Numedides is not actually depicted, but occurs offstage as background to the action of "Wolves Beyond the Border", Howard's only non-Conan tale set in the Hyborian Age. De Camp later made the war itself the subject of his novel Conan the Liberator, co-written with Lin Carter.
"The Phoenix on the Sword", which Howard rewrote from an earlier Kull story, marks his only use of Thoth-Amon as an antagonist, in a somewhat peripheral role — he and Conan never even meet! In later stories, De Camp and Carter would later elevate the Stygian sorcerer into one of Conan's principal enemies.
Howard later reused the plot of "The Scarlet Citadel" as the basis of his only Conan novel, The Hour of the Dragon (afterwards retitled Conan the Conqueror).
Chronologically, the four short stories collected as Conan the Usurper fall between Conan the Warrior and Conan the Conqueror.

## Sources

* Laughlin, Charlotte; Daniel J. H. Levack (1983). De Camp: An L. Sprague de Camp Bibliography. San Francisco: Underwood/Miller. pp. 42–43.
| Preceded byConan the Warrior | Lancer/Ace Conan series (chronological order) | Succeeded byConan the Conqueror |
vteConan the Barbarian :
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* This article about a collection of fantasy short stories published in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Conan the Wanderer

Conan the Wanderer is a 1968 collection of four fantasy short stories by American writers Robert E. Howard, L. Sprague de Camp and Lin Carter, featuring Howard's sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian. Most of the stories were originally published in various fantasy magazines. The book has been reprinted a number of times since by various publishers, and has also been translated into German, Japanese, Spanish, Dutch, Swedish and Italian. It was later gathered together with Conan the Adventurer and Conan the Buccaneer into the omnibus collection The Conan Chronicles 2 (1990).

## Contents

* "Introduction" (L. Sprague de Camp)
* "Black Tears" (L. Sprague de Camp and Lin Carter)
* "Shadows in Zamboula" (Robert E. Howard)
* "The Devil in Iron" (Robert E. Howard)
* "The Flame Knife" (Robert E. Howard and L. Sprague de Camp)

## Plot summary

Conan, now about thirty-one, survives a Turanian-involved trap which crushes his Zuagir raiders and seeks revenge on Vardanes of Zamora, their betrayer. Afterwards, he moves on to other adventures, killing a high priest in the cannibal-haunted city of Zamboula and ultimately gaining command of a band of Kozaki warriors in the service of Kobad Shah, king of Iranistan. In his final adventure, Conan once again encounters his old rival, Olgerd Vladislav, and predecessor as chief of the Zuagirs.
Chronologically, the four short stories collected as Conan the Wanderer fall between Conan the Freebooter and Conan the Adventurer.

## Olgerd

Olgerd Vladislav first appeared in Howard's story "A Witch Shall be Born", collected in the previous Conan volume, Conan the Freebooter.

## Sources

* Laughlin, Charlotte; Daniel J. H. Levack (1983). De Camp: An L. Sprague de Camp Bibliography. San Francisco: Underwood/Miller. pp. 43–44.
| Preceded byConan the Freebooter | Lancer/Ace Conan series (chronological order) | Succeeded byConan the Adventurer |
vteConan the Barbarian :
Stories, books :
Authors :
Other media :
Setting :
* This article about a collection of fantasy short stories published in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Commonwealth Shooting Championships

The Commonwealth Shooting Federation Championships is a shooting championship for Commonwealth countries. Organised by the Commonwealth Shooting Federation, it is typically held as a test event for the Commonwealth Games to validate the preparations for the venue and technical officials.

## Editions

* 1995 - New Delhi, India
* 1997 - Langkawi, Malaysia
* 1999 - Auckland, New Zealand (November 16–25)
* 2001 - Bisley, United Kingdom (August 23–31)
* 2005 - Melbourne, Australia
* 2010 - New Delhi, India (February 19–27)
* 2017 - Brisbane, Australia (October 28 – November 8)
* 2022 - Chandigarh, India

## Shooting in the Commonwealth Games after 2018
### 2022 Games

Shooting is an optional sport at the Commonwealth Games, but had been routinely included since 1974. In January 2018 it was confirmed that shooting would not feature in the 2022 Games programme, citing a lack of facilities near Birmingham. In December 2018, a delegation including the International Shooting Sport Federation and British Shooting visited Birmingham and discussed the addition of shooting with the Birmingham Organising Committee. This proposal was unsuccessful.
In January 2020, the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) submitted a proposal to the CGF to host a combined archery and shooting championships in Chandigarh during January 2022. The CGF Executive Board approved the proposal in February 2020, and also confirmed that the 2022 Commonwealth Shooting and Archery Championships and the 2022 Commonwealth Games will be two separately organised and funded Commonwealth Sport events. In July 2021, the CGF announced that the event had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

### 2026 Games

In July 2022, the organising committee for the Victoria Games released their programme, which also did not include shooting. India expressed strong disappointment, raising the matter during the Birmingham Games with visiting organisers from Victoria. Shooting Australia submitted a proposal for shooting when the expression of interest period for additional sports opened.
There is concern that if shooting is missed from two consecutive Games, it may cease to be a regular feature. CSF Championships could continue, but would be detached from any particular host as they would no longer represent a test event for the Games. This has also raised concerns over funding for both the Championships and participating teams as this has traditionally been drawn from Games budgets as part of preparations.

## European Division

The ten Commonwealth nations in Europe have operated a CSF(ED) Championship since 1974, typically in any year where there is not a Commonwealth Games or full CSF Championship. This serves to provide development shooters with experience of matches run to international standards.
Due to restrictive firearms laws in Great Britain, cartridge pistol events are generally run in another nation when England, Scotland or Wales host the Championship.
# Rubén Ramírez

Rubén Ramírez may refer to:
* Rubén Ramírez Lezcano (born 1966), Paraguayan politician
* Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo (born 1978), Spanish tennis player
* Rubén Ramírez (footballer, born 1982), Argentine footballer
* Rubén Ramírez (footballer, born 1995), Venezuelan footballer
# Judge Rose

Judge Rose may refer to:
* John Carter Rose (1861–1927), judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
* Stephanie M. Rose (born 1972), judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa
* Thomas M. Rose (born 1948), judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio
# Louisville Southern Railroad

The Louisville Southern Railroad (abbreviated: LS) was a 19th-century railway company in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It operated from 1884 (140 years ago) (1884) until 1894 (130 years ago) (1894), when it was incorporated into the Southern Railway in Kentucky.
Originally incorporated as the Louisville, Harrodsburg and Virginia Railroad in 1868, no track was laid until the early 1880s. When the Louisville, New Albany and Chicago Railway was chartered in 1882 and began an attempt to challenge the L&N's access to the Eastern Kentucky Coalfields, the LH&V was reörganized as the Louisville Southern and hired the LNA&C's president, Louisvillian Bennett Young. Construction commenced in 1884 and ran from Louisville through Shelbyville and Lawrenceburg to Harrodsburg, which was reached in 1888. A spur was constructed to Burgin, where the Louisville Southern joined the Cincinnati Southern's mainline.
In 1888, the Louisville Southern also began a spur from Lawrenceburg to Versailles and Lexington. It then purchased the Versailles and Midway and initiated service to Georgetown. The line to Lexington crossed the Kentucky River at Tyrone by means of the 1,625-foot (495 m) Young's High Bridge and initiated service in October 1889.
Within Louisville, the LS leased the track and facilities of the Kentucky and Indiana Bridge and Railroad Company: passengers boarded and disembarked at Central Station on Seventh Street and cargo was loaded and unloaded at the K&I's West End yard. The Louisville Southern in turn was leased by the LNA&C from 1889 to March 1890. The East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railway later leased both the Cincinnati Southern and the Louisville Southern and all three were merged into the Southern system in 1894.
The Louisville Southern's former rights-of-way currently form parts of the Class I Norfolk Southern system.
# Louisville State Recreation Area

Louisville State Recreation Area (Louisville SRA) is a 192-acre (0.78 km$^2$) recreation area located in Louisville, Nebraska along Nebraska Highway 50 on the south bank of the Platte River.
The area features five sandpit lakes, one of which is available for swimming. As of 2005 the area features 223 camping pads with electrical access.
# Julius Friedländer

Julius Friedländer may refer to:
* Julius Friedländer (numismatist) (1813–1884), German numismatist
* Julius Friedländer (painter) (1810–1861), Danish painter
* Julius Reinhold Friedlander (1803–1839), American writer
# Julius Friedenwald

Julius Friedenwald (December 20, 1866 - June 8, 1941) was an American gastroenterologist and writer.
Friedenwald was born in Baltimore. His father Aaron Friedenwald was professor of otology and ophthalmology at the College of Physicians and Surgeons (Baltimore). He was educated at Johns Hopkins University and obtained his B.A. in 1887. He graduated M.D. from the College of Physicians and Surgeons (Baltimore) in 1890. He practiced medicine in Baltimore for over fifty years. He was President of the American Gastroenterological Association. From 1909 to 1935 Friedenwald was professor of gastroenterology at the University of Maryland. He was visiting physician to Mercy Hospital.
Friedenwald married Esther Lee in 1900. He was a fellow of the American Medical Association, member of the American College of Physicians and associate member of the American Association of Physicians. The Julius Friedenwald Medal was established in 1941 to recognize individuals who made lifelong contributions to the field of gastroenterology.

## Selected publications

* Diet in Health and Disease (1913)
* Dietetics for Nurses (1920)
# Congress for National Unity

The Congress for National Unity (CONU) is a political party in Malawi led by Daniel Kamfosi Nkhumbwe.

## History

The party was established in March 1999. It contested the June 1999 general elections, nominating Nkhumbwe as its presidential candidate. He finished fourth out of five candidates with 0.5% of the vote. In the National Assembly elections the party ran in 31 constituencies, although Nkhumbwe was its candidate in 27 of them. It received just 0.07% of the vote, failing to win a seat.
The party did not nominate a candidate for president in the 2004 elections. Although it only ran two candidates in the National Assembly elections (Nkhumbwe and Richard Mwaila), its vote share increased to 0.23%. Whilst Nkhumbwe received only 57 votes in the Lilongwe Kumach constituency, Mwaila was victorious in Blantyre West. Prior to the elections Mwaila had left the United Democratic Front after an internal dispute over manipulation of the UDF selection process by the party's eventual candidate Nicholas Kachingwe. However, Mwaila convincingly defeated Kachingwe, taking 40% of the vote in the constituency.
Prior to the 2009 elections Mwalia announced that he would be supporting the UDF, and did not run. Nkhumbwe ran again in Lilongwe Kumach, but received only 92 votes. In the buildup to the 2014 general elections the party joined the Tisintha Alliance alongside AFORD, MAFUNDE, the New Labour Party, the National Unity Party, the MDP, the Republican Party and the Maravi People's Party. Although the alliance nomainted MAFUNDE leader George Mnesa as its presidential candidate, the parties contested the National Assembly elections individually and CONU did not put up any candidates.
# Louis Thollon

Louis Thollon (2 May 1829 – 8 April 1887) was a French astronomer.
He was born in Ambronay, France. Beginning in 1881, Thollon joined the staff of the new Nice Observatory where he undertook a long-term observation program of the Sun using a spectroscope of his own design. In the process, he recorded a solar spectrum consisting of 3,000 absorption lines in the optical band.
In 1882, he joined André Puiseux on an expedition to Egypt to observe the solar eclipse on 17 May. The same year he traveled to Portugal to watch the Venus transit, but was met with disappointment due to poor weather. He was awarded the Prix Lalande in 1885 for his large map of the solar system, which was not published until after his death in 1890. During the 1886 Mars opposition, he assisted the observatory director, Henri Perrotin, in observing the planet with a 15 in (38 cm) reflecting telescope. Both men reported that they spotted canali on the surface of the planet, apparently confirming the 1877 discovery of these features by Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli. Thollon died at age 57 in Lyon, France.
# Juan Vigón

Juan Vigón may refer to:
* Juan Vigón (general) (1880-1955), Spanish general
* Juan Vigón (footballer) (born 1991), Mexican footballer
# MX2

Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MX2 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene has a nuclear and a cytoplasmic form and is a member of both the dynamin family and the family of large GTPases. The nuclear form is localized in a granular pattern in the heterochromatin region beneath the nuclear envelope. A nuclear localization signal (NLS) is present at the amino terminal end of the nuclear form but is lacking in the cytoplasmic form due to use of an alternate translation start codon.

## Antiviral activity

This protein is upregulated by interferon-alpha but does not contain the antiviral activity of a similar myxovirus resistance protein 1.
MX2/MXB has antiviral activity against HIV-1. MXB is also a restriction factor for herpesviruses, which acts at a very early stage of the replication cycle and MX2/MXB restriction of herpesvirus requires GTPase activity.
# Kansas City Township, Adams County, North Dakota

Kansas City Township is a defunct civil township in Adams County, North Dakota, United States. The 1960 census recorded a population of 75.
The township dissolved prior to the 1980 Census, when it was combined with Cedar Butte, Dakota, Jordan, and Spring Butte Townships to form the Census-designated East Adams Unorganized Territory. As of the 1990 Census, the combined area had a population of 146.
# Krispy

Krispy may refer to:
* "Krispy" (song), song from album Due Season by hip-hop artist Kia Shine
* Krispy (cracker), a saltine or soda cracker
# Roberto Goyeneche

Roberto Goyeneche (January 29, 1926 in Saavedra, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires – August 27, 1994 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine tango singer who epitomized the archetype of 1950s Buenos Aires' bohemian life, and became a living legend in the local music scene.
Despite being of Basque descent, he was known as El Polaco ("the Pole") due to his light hair and thinness, like young Polish people of the time. He is identified with the neighborhood of Saavedra, where he grew up.

## Career

Roberto Goyeneche was formed in the style of the tango of Carlos Gardel, later reached a more personal style characterised by his particular way of phrasing with rubato. In 1944, at the age of 18, he joined Raúl Kaplún's orchestra after winning a local contest and soon gave his live debut performance on Radio Belgrano. In 1952 Goyeneche teamed up with Horacio Salgán.
In 1956, he became the singer in the orchestra of his dear friend Aníbal Troilo, with whom he recorded 26 songs. Later, Goyeneche became the first singer to record Ástor Piazzolla's classic Balada Para Un Loco, after starting his solo career in 1963.
During the 1980s, Goyeneche appeared as special guest in the movies El exilio de Gardel and Sur, both directed by Fernando Solanas.
At the time of his death on 27 August 1994 in Buenos Aires (Aged 68), he was considered the greatest tango singer active. As a tribute, an avenue in the neighborhood of Saavedra, in Buenos Aires, is named after him.