OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adam Zachary Newton

Adam Zachary Newton is an American academic. He has served as university professor, Stanton Chair in Literature and Humanities, and chair of the Department of English at Yeshiva University. His previous appointment was as Jane and Rowland Blumberg Centennial Professor at the University of Texas at Austin, where he taught in the English Department, the Committee on Comparative Literature, the Department of Middle Eastern Studies, and the Program in Jewish Studies. More recently, he has held appointments as distinguished visiting professor at Emory University and Agnes Scott College in Atlanta, Georgia.
Newton is a graduate of Haverford College and has a Ph.D. from Harvard University (1992). While at Harvard, his book, Narrative ethics, "sought a bridge between the disciplines of ethical philosophy and literary studies by proposing a new way to think about the moral realms of risk and responsibility as problems of reading." He defines narrative ethics as "the ethical consequences of narrating story... and the reciprocal claims binding teller, listener, witness, and reader in that process." Other scholars apply his approach and find new ways to read old books.
His publications in the fields of literary studies, philosophy, and religion include six monographs, an edited volume, and a body of critical articles.
Newton married Miriam Udel in 2011, who had read his book Narrative ethics twice, years before meeting him.
# Abobral River

The Abobral River is a river of Mato Grosso do Sul state in southwestern Brazil.
# Charles F. Hackmeyer

Charles F. Hackmeyer (1903-1989) was a Mobile, Alabama-area community leader and politician who served two terms on the Mobile City Commission. He was also the city's 80th Mayor. His terms as Mayor of Mobile was when the title was co-extensive with the presidency of the City Commission. He was defeated for re-election in 1961 by challenger Charles S. Trimmier who would go would only serve one term, losing four years later to Lambert C. Mims.
# Daniel Tracey

Daniel Tracey (September 1, 1794 – July 18, 1832) born in Roscrea, Tipperary County, Ireland, was a doctor, journalist and politician in Lower Canada (now Quebec).
He arrived in the Province of Lower Canada with his younger siblings in 1825. Though he had trained (and probably practised) as a doctor in Dublin he was never registered to practise in Lower Canada.

## The Vindicator

In 1828, he began publishing the Irish Vindicator and Canada General Advertiser, known simply as the Irish Vindicator. Based in Montreal the newspaper aimed at the immigrant Irish community soon took a dissenting view of the non-elected but powerful, autocratic Family Compact, known in Lower Canada as the Château Clique and advocated the enrichment of the democratic rights for the majority of its citizens, most of whom were Catholics. The paper also promoted Daniel O’Connell and Louis-Joseph Papineau.
Tracey was one of several journalists imprisoned early in 1832 for criticizing the non-elected legislative council that represented the interests of the Château Clique. Tracey, editor of the Vindicator and Ludger Duvernay, the editor of the French language La Minerve newspaper were arrested for libel and imprisoned together for over a month for writing articles that said that "it is certain that before long all of America must be republican." They were released after much public support and condemnation of the arrests.

## Political career

In the spring of 1832, he was elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. At the vote counting station supporters of the opponent candidate, Stanley Bagg (supported by the Clique) triggered a violent confrontation. As a result, three of Tracey's supporters were killed and many more were wounded.

## Death

Despite his rising political stature he died suddenly in July, 1832 becoming a victim of the widespread cholera outbreak that summer in Montreal. After his death, Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan took over as editor of the Vindicator.
# Adolfus alleni

Adolfus alleni, also known commonly as the alpine meadow lizard or the alpine-meadow lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is endemic to Kenya.

## Habitat and geographic range

A. alleni is found in alpine moorlands (shrubland) of Mount Kenya, Mount Elgon, and the Aberdares Mountains in Kenya, and in clearings in bamboo forest on Mount Kenya, at altitudes of 2,400–4,500 m (7,900–14,800 ft).

## Description

Medium-sized for the genus Adolfus, adults of A. alleni have a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of about 6 cm (2.4 in).

## Behavior

A. alleni is terrestrial and diurnal.

## Reproduction

A. alleni is oviparous.

## Etymology

The specific name, alleni, is in honor of American zoologist Glover Morrill Allen.
# Abriendo Puertas (Jerry Rivera album)

Abriendo Puertas (Opening Doors) is the second studio album released by Puerto Rican singer Jerry Rivera in early 1990. The two singles from the album, "Dime" and "Más Que Tú" charted on the Billboard Latin Songs chart. The album was considered responsible in bringing a younger audience to the salsa market and reached number-one on the Billboard Tropical Albums.

## Background

When Jerry Rivera was fourteen, he sent a demo tape to CBS Discos under the suggestion of his father. This led to Rivera signing a contract with the record label and recorded his first album Empezando a Vivir. The lead single, "De La Cabeza a los Pies" ("From Head to Toe"), received airplay in Puerto Rico and was included in the salsa compilation album, Non-Stop Dancing, Vol. 2.

## Music

The album includes eight tracks, most of them being covers of songs previously recorded by several performers. The lead track, "Esa Niña" ("That Girl"), is a cover of Luis Miguel's song from his album, Busca Una Mujer. A music video was made for the song. "Dime" ("Tell Me") was written by Jorge Luis Piloto who also wrote "Como un Milagro" ("Like a Miracle") and "Más Que Tú" ("More Than You"). "Nada Sin Ti" ("Nothing Without You") is a cover of Eros Ramazzotti's song which received airplay. "Para Amarnos Mas" ("To Love Each Other More") is a cover of Manuel Mijares's song. Two singles from the album charted on the Billboard Latin Songs chart. "Dime" peaked at #26 while "Mas Que Tu" peaked at #35.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
José Estévez Jr. of Allmusic gave the album a four star rating, citing the album as "one of salsa's most commercially successful acts in history." He noted songs such as "Esa Niña", "Dime", and "Nada Sin Ti" as bringing a younger audience to the salsa market. Abriendo Puertas received a nomination for "Tropical Album of the Year" at the Lo Nuestro Awards of 1992.

## Chart performance
### Album

| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Tropical Albums | 1 |

## Certification

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum (Latin) | 100,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Adrian Cole

Adrian Cole may refer to:
* Adrian Cole (RAAF officer) (1895–1966), senior commander in the Royal Australian Air Force
* Adrian Cole (writer) (born 1949), English writer
# Abdelhak Serhane

Abdelhak Serhane (born in Sefrou in 1950) is a Moroccan novelist writing in French. Serhane grew up in the Middle Atlas region of Morocco, in the village Azrou.

## Early life

He studied psychology at the University of Toulouse II and taught at the University Ibn Tofail in Kénitra, Morocco before he went to Canada to escape from the political oppression of the Moroccan government. Since that time he has split his time between Morocco, Canada and the United States where he teaches French literature at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.
Serhane has been a vociferous critic of the regime of Hassan II and has denounced the violent and oppressive nature of the government at that time in novels like Mesouda and Le Soleil des obscurs. He has taken position against the impunity of those who have enriched themselves thanks to the corruption of the Moroccan political system. In 1993 he received the Prix français du monde arabe, and in 1999 the Prix Francophonie, Afrique méditerranéenne.

## Novels

* Messaouda, Paris, Seuil, 1983. (Prix Littéraire des Radios Libres, 1984)
* Les Enfants des rues étroites, Paris, Seuil, 1986.
* Le Soleil des obscurs, Paris, Seuil, 1992. (Prix Français du Monde Arabe, 1993).
* Le Deuil des chiens, Paris, Seuil, 1998.
* Temps noirs, Paris, Seuil, 2002.
* L'homme qui descend des montagnes, Paris, Seuil, 2009.

## Poetry

* L'Ivre poème, Rabat, Al Kalum, 1989.
* Chant d'ortie, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1993.
* La Nuit du secret, France, Atelier des Grames, 1992.

## Short stories and other publications

* Les Prolétaires de la haine. (collection of short stories) Paris: Publisud, 1995.
* Le Vélo Montréal: XYZ, 1991. Repris dans Anthologie de la nouvelle maghrébine, Casablanca: Eddif, 1996.
* J'écris pour le soleil. In: Actes du Colloque de Montpellier, 1985.
* Les mots de la douleur In: Oualili. Meknès, 1986.
* La Femme : un destin périmé. In: Lamalif. Casablanca, 1986.
* L'Artisan du rêve. In: Visions du Maghreb. Montpellier: Edisud, 1987.
* Le Corpstexte. In: Horizons maghrébins. Toulouse, 1987.
* Un Pays aux couleurs de son temps. In: Librement. Casablanca, 1988.
* Le Destin des pierres. In: Autrement. Paris: 1990.
* L'artisan du rêve. ClicNet: 1997.
* L'Amour circoncis. Casablanca: Eddif, 1996.
* Le Massacre de la tribu. Casablanca: Eddif, 1997.
# Grammoechus calamophilus

Grammoechus calamophilus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Karl-Ernst Hüdepohl in 1999.
# Chase Grain Elevator

The Chase Grain Elevator is a grain elevator located in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. It was built in 1922 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. It is the last known tile elevator remaining in Wisconsin.

## History

Chase Grain Elevator was constructed in 1922 on the site of a previous Chase & Sons elevator that burned down in the winter of 1921–22. The fireproof tile elevator was planned to have a capacity of 13,500 bushels. In March 1922, it was expected to cost $20,000 (US$364,056 today).
The elevator is said to illustrate experimental construction techniques during the transition from between wood and concrete elevators. Tile elevator construction ended around 1925.
The elevator consists of two cylindrical grain bins, with a third "pocket" bin created from a semi-circle of tile linking the two main bins.
# Danuta Gleed

Danuta Gleed (1946 – 11 December 1996) was a Kenyan-born Canadian writer.

## Biography

She was born in Kenya in a British camp for displaced persons where she spent her early childhood. In 1958, her family moved to England. At the time of her death, she was living in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
She studied writing with Frances Itani, Audrey Thomas, Bryan Moon, and Rita Donovan.
Many of her stories drew on her Polish background.
Her short stories appeared in many literary journals and won several competitions. Her story "Bones" was nominated for the 1996 Journey Prize.

## Death and legacy

Gleed died 11 December 1996. A collection, One of the Chosen, was published posthumously by BuschekBooks in 1997. In the same year, John Gleed endowed the Danuta Gleed Literary Award in honour of his late wife. The annual award recognizes a first collection of short fiction by a Canadian author writing in English.
# Admiral McLean

Admiral McLean may refer to:
* Rear Admiral Walter McLean (U.S. Navy officer) (1855–1930), USN, American commander of the Norfolk Naval Shipyard
* Rear Admiral Ridley McLean (1872–1933), USN
* Vice Admiral Rory McLean (1950–2021), British Royal Navy
* Surgeon Rear-Admiral Timothy Blair McLean (1910–1982), Royal Canadian Navy
# Charting

Charting may refer to:
* Chart, graphical representation of data
* Nautical chart, process of building a chart of water bodies
* Music chart, ordered list of music sales
# Gravi de pugna

Gravi de pugna is a forged letter written in the name of Augustine of Hippo which asserts that the morally superior side is always superior in battle and therefore that wars are proven to be just wars by their military success. The letter was widely accepted as authentic, and reassured soldiers that God was on their side.

## Ideology

   "You are concerned with whether you will prevail in battle: I don't wish you to doubt... when you are fighting God will look down from heaven, and discern which side is just and give that side the victory"
Gravi de pugna, translated by David A. Lenihan.
Gravi de pugna is best known for its simple assertion that God will assure that the morally superior side will win military battles, and conversely, that victory itself validates that the use of force was appropriate. Udo Heyn claims this was a Germanic notion, and Phillip Wynn reports that it had long been believed in pagan antiquity by the time of this letter. This understanding was, in fact, utterly rejected by Augustine. Kelly DeVries regards the theology of Gravi de pugna as shallow and considers it to raise problems of theodicy and legitimacy as soon as the first Christian army loses.
Gravi also urges prayer for victory before battle, which was also rejected by Augustine, who found such prayers inappropriate.

## History

Gravi de pugna was written in the fifth century. The letter was widely accepted as authentic from its introduction through the medieval era, and was the most frequently cited text in this period on holy war. It was invoked to justify numerous wars, including by Hincmar of Reims, Rabanus Maurus, Sedulius Scottus, Ivo of Chartres, and Bernard of Clairvaux It was also recited at the Siege of Lisbon in 1147 CE. Gravi imbued the Crusaders with confidence that God was on their side, squelching all moral concerns and leading to behavior that did not comply with then-accepted rules of war.
The work lost influence with the renaissance of the 12th century, which developed more sophisticated jurisprudence and moral reasoning, At the same time, Augustine's own opinions on just wars, which had been largely unknown, were studied by the decretists and through them, Aquinas as well. The authenticity of Gravi de Pugna was not conclusively rejected until Erasmus. Although it is regarded by contemporary scholars as "obviously un-Augustinian", it is now widely recognized that Gravi de pugna has inaccurately influenced scholars of Augustine's views on war even up through modern times.

## Published editions

* Migne, Jacques Paul (ed.). "Epistle 13 (b)". Patrologia Latina. Vol. 33. col. 1098. Dilectissimo et spectabili viro Bonifacio, Augustinus episcopus. Gravi de pugna conquereris: dubites nolo, utile tibi tuisque dabo consilium: arripe manibus arma; oratio aures pulset Auctoris: quia quando pugnatur, Deus apertis cœlis prospectat, et partem quam inspicit justam, ibi dat palmam.
# Abeille (local currency)

Abeille is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France. It is named after the French word for bee. The Abeille program is intended to promote local commerce. The Abeille operates with a fixed exchange rate: 1 Abeille = €1.

## Creation and objectives

An initiative of a local NGO, "Agir pour le vivant" (Act for the living), the Abeille is intended to:
* Promotion of sustainability: organic food and renewable energy among others
* Strengthening the solidarity: enhancing the human relationship between local shoppers and businesses
* Stimulation of local economy.

## Currency issue, exchange and acceptance

Bills of 1, 2, 5, and 10 Abeille are issued. They feature drawings from the painter Jean-Claude Maurel on the obverse, and a photograph of a bee on a flower by the photographer Christian Aymé on the reverse.
To maintain an individual bill's validity, a "scrip" corresponding to 2% of the banknote value must be paid every six months. (This system, called demurrage, is a form of currency circulation tax and was invented by Silvio Gesell.)
# Aegis the Union

Aegis is a trade union representing workers in financial services in the United Kingdom.
The union was founded in 1971 as the Scottish Equitable Staff Association, an internal staff association at Scottish Equitable. Scottish Equitable was renamed Aegon UK in 2010, and the union changed its name to "Aegis", affiliating to the Trades Union Congress in the same year.
By 2012, some Aegon staff had been outsourced, and the union began also recruiting those workers. This led it to pursue a strategy of gradual growth into other parts of the financial services industry. In 2014, the unions SURGE and YISA merged into Aegis, expanding the operation of the union into Skipton Building Society, Homeloan Management Limited (now known as Computershare) and Yorkshire Building Society as well.
The current General Secretary is Brian Linn.
# Abezames

Abezames is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 95 inhabitants.
# Daphne & Celeste Save the World

Daphne & Celeste Save the World is the second studio album by American pop duo Daphne and Celeste. The album was released on March 30, 2018, almost 18 years after their debut LP We Didn't Say That!.

## Production and release

The album was written and produced by English musician and producer Ben Jacobs, who records and produces under the moniker of Max Tundra. The group originally made their return in 2015, releasing the single "You and I Alone" in March of that year. After almost three years of inactivity, the group announced the album was complete in early 2018 and released a second single, "BB," in February.

## Tracklist

All songs written by Max Tundra, except track 13 written by Don Van Vliet and Herb Bermann

## Personnel

* Celeste Cruz - vocals
* Karen DiConcetto - vocals
* Ben Jacobs - keyboards, synthesizer, programming, guitar, vocals on "B.B.", production
# Daphne's Flight

Daphne's Flight was a collaboration between five female vocalists, instrumentalists, and songwriters in the British folk and root music scene: Christine Collister, Melanie Harrold, Julie Matthews, Helen Watson and Chris While. The collaboration resulted in a well-reviewed album and a sell-out tour during the mid-1990s. The project helped to cement relationships between the members, raised their individual profiles nationally and internationally and has been seen as marking a turning point in the role of women within the English folk movement. Twenty years after the initial collaboration, Daphne's Flight returned with a new studio album and a live release, and toured extensively. In 2022, Christine Collister left the band for personal reasons and in stepped Miranda Sykes (Show of Hands) bringing a new element to the band with bass as well as vocals. Two tours followed (22, 23) and a new album, ‘Love is the Weapon of Choice’ released on the Fatcat record label.

## History

The group made their début at the 1995 Cambridge Folk Festival, where they were one of the hits of the event. This was followed by a major concert at London's prestigious Union Chapel in December. In January 1996 they recorded their eponymous album in ten days, fitted between busy schedules, in The Big Room, Kirk Michael, the Isle of Man. The studio had to be completed by builders working through the night. The result was very positively reviewed in the folk and roots music press and gained considerable mainstream press and media attention. The group followed the release with a popular major 18-date tour of England through May and June 1996.
The project proved a one-off for some time as the members pursued their own careers, but in subsequent years they appeared on and contributed to each other’s albums and live appearances. Partial reunions occurred for specific gigs, and in 2003 at the Prebendal Festival they reassembled for a reunion.
As the 20th anniversary of the initial collaboration approached, members of the group began talking of a full-fledged reunion project, which was eventually realized with the release of the critically acclaimed album Knows Time, Knows Change in 2017. The entire 2017 tour was recorded on digital multi-track, from which a third album, Daphne's Flight Live, was assembled and released in 2018. The group continued touring during 2019 and into 2020.
A third studio album, On Arrival, was released at the end of 2019, just but a tour to promote it in early 2020 was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Live appearances did not resume until 2022 with new member Miranda Sykes. In August 2023, they launched the studio album Love Is the Weapon of Choice at Shrewsbury Festival, receiving a positive response and followed up with a UK tour in September.

## Members and contributions

* Christine Collister - vocals, guitar, percussion left in 2022
* Melanie Harrold - vocals, guitar, piano
* Julie Matthews - vocals, guitar, piano, mandolin
* Helen Watson, vocals, guitar, harmonica
* Chris While - vocals, guitar, dulcimer, bodhran, darbuka, percussion
* Miranda Sykes - vocals, bass guitar joined in 2022
# Gravitcornutia strigulata

Gravitcornutia strigulata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The wingspan is 14 mm.

## Etymology

The species' name refers to forewing markings and is derived from Latin strigulata (meaning strigulated).
# Charles S. Apperson

Charles S. Apperson is an American entomologist recognized for and interested in the biology of vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks. He was elected to the Entomological Society of America in 2009 for his advancements in host-feeding. As of 2009, Apperson has published 110 refereed research publications Apperson got his bachelor's degree from Humboldt State University and his master's degree and doctorate from the University of California, Riverside
# Adoption home study

A home study or homestudy is a screening of the home and life of prospective adoptive parents prior to allowing an adoption to take place. In some places, and in all international adoptions, a home study is required by law. Even where it is not legally mandated, it may be required by an adoption agency. Depending on the location and agency, different information may be sought during a home study.
A home study can be used both to aid the prospective parents in preparing to raise an adoptive child, and to rule out those who are not fit to be parents.
The ultimate purpose of a home study is for the benefit of the child, not the parents. Therefore, screeners are instructed to be thorough in their examinations.
There is typically a cost to a home study, which is usually several hundred to several thousand US dollars. In most cases, the prospective adoptive parents are responsible to cover the cost.

## Information

The types of information that may be sought from a home study include the determination if there is abuse in the past, family background, employment history, a criminal background check of the prospective parents, a credit check, medical records, and an examination of the home.
A home study, as its name implies, examines the dwelling of the prospective parents. Factors that may be taken into account include the cleanliness and condition of the home, fire safety, sanitation, and the well-being of the neighborhood where the home is located.
Factors pertaining to the people may include their desire to adopt, their understanding of the relationship between adoptive parents and children, and their willingness to share with an adopted child the fact that they are adopted.

## Criticism

Home studies are criticized by many who feel they are intrusive, or who feel that there may be discrimination against certain people who are perfectly capable of parenting, but are ruled out due to various issues.