OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amici miei – Atto III

Amici miei – Atto III (internationally released as My Friends Act III and All My Friends Part 3) is a 1985 Italian comedy film directed by Nanni Loy. It is the third chapter in the Amici Miei film series, following Amici miei (1975) and Amici miei – Atto II (1982).
For this film Gastone Moschin was awarded with a Nastro d'Argento for best supporting actor.

## Plot

The four Tuscan friends now are over sixty years of age and are nearing retirement. Count Mascetti is always the most unfortunate because in addition to end up in a wheelchair has also lost his wife in a road accident. So his friends to not make him suffer the persuade him to move into in a retirement home, where, however Mascetti never ceases to make his jokes to patients and nurses, with his "supercazzola". Soon after that, the architect Melandri and the barkeeper Necchi join him at the retirement home and take part with him in playing pranks to the other elders. In particular, the man targeted by the three, (also to include the surgeon Sassaroli), an old man (played by Bernard Blier) who dreams about his youth, the four friends give him well-served setting up a scene similar to the wastelands of Hell. There is the old man and conducted with a subset of satanic ritual in which Sassaroli plays the priest and a prostitute is very young sacrificial victim, believes young again. In fact, the four friends pranksters and goliardic have painted the hair black man after he fell asleep. The next day the old man feels like reborn and starts to make a lot of exercises dangerous for a man of his age, dying of a heart attack in a short time.
Meanwhile, at that time Rambaldo Melandri has fallen in love with an old countess, and so friends to enjoy the mock sending you a video in which the Count Raphael "Lello" Mascetti joined with her in bed. To the astonishment and anger Melandri will discover that the woman was nothing more than a note and vulgar whore. After a little time friends start to get bored and so Sssaroli buy the board for more fun by organizing feasts and orgies night. But the old pensioners no longer have the strength to play as the four friends would like, so Mascetti, Sassaroli, Melandri and Necchi go to the station to try again one of their most successful jokes during their happiest time in the seventies. However, the four realize that the days are gone and changed, and people now understood the kind of joke that they had created in their fantasy world. Only Count Mascetti manages to get the better of the "victims" passengers spray ink on the faces of the chair and then run away with others who happily make their way to another station.

## Cast

* Ugo Tognazzi as Raffaello "Lello" Mascetti
* Gastone Moschin as Rambaldo Melandri
* Adolfo Celi as Professor Sassaroli
* Renzo Montagnani as Guido Necchi
* Bernard Blier as Sig. Lenzi
* Franca Tamantini as Carmen Necchi
* Gianni Giannini [it] as Cecco, the orderly
* Valeria Sabel as Valeria Migliari
* Enzo Cannavale as Cav. Ferrini
* Mario Feliciani as General Mastrostefano
* Caterina Boratto as Amalia Pecci Bonetti
# Antaeotricha amphizyga

Antaeotricha amphizyga is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1930. It is found in Brazil (Para).
# Debra Waples

Debra Lynn Waples (born July 30, 1953) is an American former foil fencer. She was the captain of the USA fencing team and competed in the women's individual and team foil events at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Der Aa-kerk

The Aa-kerk (also: A-kerk) is a historic former parish church in the centre of Groningen, and a dominant feature in the skyline of the city together with the nearby Martinitoren.

## History

Before the construction of the current church, a chapel dedicated to Mary and Saint Nicholas (patron saint of fishermen) stood on this site. The chapel was situated close to the river Aa, where bargees cast off vessels in the western harbour (Westerhaven).
The chapel became a parish church in the year 1247 and was named "Chapel of Our Lady at the river Aa" (Onze-Lieve-Vrouwe ter Aa-kerk). At this time, Groningen consisted of two centres, each surrounding a religious edifice, the Church of Our Lady at the river Aa being one of them. Fishermen and tradesmen inhabited the area around this chapel.
The chapel was transformed into a brick gothic church between 1425 and 1495. Both the interior and exterior have been altered many times over the course of history due to the iconoclasm during the Reformation, war damage (Siege of Groningen) and natural phenomena (lightning strike).
Today it is used as a venue for concerts, theatre, exhibitions, parties and meetings. Church services are no longer held.

## Towers

Images of the Siege of Groningen in 1672 show the Aa-kerk without the top of the tower. After the war a new wooden tower top was built.
On 23 April 1710, the tower spontaneously collapsed killing two people. In 1711, a new tower was built.
The current tower contains three bells with the notes of F#, D# and B, which are rung manually, using ropes. They were all cast by Crans of Enckhuysen in 1714.

## Organs

In 1667, an organ was built by Van Hagerbeer. It was destroyed by fire in 1671.
The first Schnitger organ in the church was built by Arp Schnitger in 1697 (see gallery for a sketch). In 1710, the tower of the church collapsed and the organ was destroyed.
The second Schnitger was built in 1702, originally for the Broerkerk in Groningen. In 1815, the organ was transferred to the Aa-kerk.
The Bolsward organ build by Raphael Rodensteen in 1550 was originally for the Martinikerk in Bolsward. In 1635, the organ was transferred to the Broerkerk in Groningen and in 1877 it was transferred back to the Martinikerk in Bolsward. In 1991, it was transferred again to Groningen and the Aa-kerk.

## Photo gallery

* Entrance to the church through the tower. (West side).
* Entrance to the church. (Northside)
* View of the tower. (from the East)
* Brick buttress. (Northwest side)
# Gunnar Birgisson

Gunnar Ingi Birgisson (30 September 1947 – 14 June 2021) was an Icelandic politician. Birgir was a member of Alþingi and a mayor of Kópavogur and Fjallabyggð. He coined the saying "Það er gott að búa í Kópavogi" ("It's good to live in Kópavogur"), which is now regarded as the unofficial motto of Kópavogur. He held a doctorate in engineering from the University of Missouri. His doctoral essay about how lava fields performed as foundations. His maternal half brother, Kristinn Halldór Gunnarsson, was also a prominent politician.
# American Osteopathic Board of Proctology

The American Osteopathic Board of Proctology (AOBPR) is an organization that provides board certification to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) who specialize in the medical and surgical treatment of disorders of the anus, colon, and rectum of the gastrointestinal tract (proctologists). The board is one of 18 medical specialty certifying boards of the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), and was established in 1941. As of April 2011, there were 25 osteopathic proctologists certified by the AOBPR.

## Board certification

To become board certified in proctology, candidates must have completed an AOA-approved residency in proctology and one year of practice as a licensed proctologist. Additionally, candidates must have successfully completed the required oral and written examinations. Since 2004, board certified osteopathic proctologists must renew their certification every ten years to avoid expiration of their board certified status. Physicians certified by the AOBPR are known as fellows of the American Osteopathic College of Proctology.
# Alternating algebra

In mathematics, an alternating algebra is a Z-graded algebra for which xy = (−1)$^{deg(x)deg(y)}$yx for all nonzero homogeneous elements x and y (i.e. it is an anticommutative algebra) and has the further property that x$^2$ = 0 (nilpotence) for every homogeneous element x of odd degree.

## Examples

* The differential forms on a differentiable manifold form an alternating algebra.
* The exterior algebra is an alternating algebra.
* The cohomology ring of a topological space is an alternating algebra.

## Properties

* The algebra formed as the direct sum of the homogeneous subspaces of even degree of an anticommutative algebra A is a subalgebra contained in the centre of A, and is thus commutative.
* An anticommutative algebra A over a (commutative) base ring R in which 2 is not a zero divisor is alternating.
# Gurcharan Virk

Gurcharan Virk (c. 1968 – 11 October 2016) was a Punjabi writer, director, lyricist and producer. He started his career in 1983 by recording a song. Some of the movies on which he worked as associate director include, Marhi Da Deeva and Udeekan Saun Diyan. He directed the television films of Fauji Di Family, Bapu Di Pension, Police Naaka, Attro Diyan Chugliyan, Maawan De Dil, Sardaari and Bapu Da Viah. He directed serials, commercials, video albums, documentaries and films.

## Early life

Virk was born in Faridkot district of the Indian state of Punjab.

## Career

Gurcharan Virk started his career in the film industry during the mid-1980s. He participated in the uplift of the Punjabi music industry. He helped introduce new talent in the industry including, Sukhwinder, Pargat Bhagu, Dilshad Akhtar and Manjit Roupowalia.
Virk worked with music brands such as T-series, CMC, Peritone, Fineton, Anmol and more. Virk worked as a writer for 15 Punjabi films, 2 Hindi films, 3 T.V. Serials, and 13 Telefilms. His movie Madi Da Diva, was given the National Award for Best Punjabi Film in 1990.
Documentaries made by him include, Milkfed, Mother Dairy, Seva Te Simran and Parivartan. Commercials for K Humate, Dev Bhumi Ispat, Punjab State Lottery, Food Grain Corporation, Meethe Maine Kush Meetha Ho Jaye and Har Ik Friend Jaruri Hota Hai are among his prominent.
Virk's contribution to TV serials include Rishty, Kachi Kandh and Vaapsi still air. He died of a heart attack in Chandigarh on 11 October 2016, aged 48.

## Cinematic style

Film Focus is a company that was owned by Gurcharan Virk. The company promotes fresh talent and produces varied types of films, documentaries, videos, commercials, television serials, etc. It has been registered with Indian Motion Pictures Producer Association Mumbai.
# HOXC12

Homeobox C12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC12 gene.
This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12.
# Dhanauri

Dhanauri is a town and Village Development Committee in Dang Deokhuri District in Lumbini Province of south-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 12,403 persons living in 1905 individual households.
# Amici roof prism

An Amici roof prism, named for its inventor, the Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Amici, is a type of reflecting prism used to deviate a beam of light by 90° while simultaneously inverting the image. It is commonly used in the eyepieces of telescopes as an image erecting system. It is sometimes called an Amici prism or right angle roof prism. The non-dispersive Amici roof prism should not be confused with the dispersive Amici prism.
The device is shaped like a standard right-angled prism with an additional "roof" section (consisting of two faces meeting at a 90° angle) on the longest side. Total internal reflection from the roof section flips the image laterally. The handedness of the image is unchanged.
The roof faces of the prism are sometimes coated to provide mirror surfaces. This allows the prism to be constructed with other beam deviate angles besides 90° without being limited by total internal reflection.
# Dogland

Dogland is a fantasy novel by Will Shetterly, a fantasy and comic book writer. Published in June 1997, it is the novel Shetterly is most proud of. Dogland placed thirteenth in the annual Locus poll for best fantasy novel. The story is based on his own childhood and a tourist attraction that his parents owned called Dog Land. In 2007 Shetterly published a sequel, The Gospel of the Knife.

## Plot summary

The novel is told from the perspective of an adult called Christopher Nix who recounts the story of his family's move to Florida from New Orleans when he was four. The purpose of their move is so that his father can open a tourist attraction that exhibits every breed of dog recognized by the American Kennel Club. The story focuses on his father's "color-blind" approach to racial segregation and various controversies that occur in his life because of it.

## Reception

Gahan Wilson praised the novel, saying "The strength and effectiveness of the book come from Shetterly's placing and playing [its] bizarre, occult figures against a very real and effectively stirring account of events very true to the horrendous sort of action which was really and truly going on at the time". Paul Di Filippo similarly declared that Dogland "succeeds remarkably on a number of levels as mimetic autobiography . . . , as depiction of a fantastic midsummer dreamscape, and as Arthurian reenactment". Kirkus Reviews described it as "Compelling, absorbing, hard-edged work, lit by glimpses of another, more fantastic reality".
# David St John Thomas

David St John Thomas (30 August 1929 – 19 August 2014) was an English publisher and writer who founded David & Charles.

## Early life and career

The son of writer Gilbert Thomas (1891–1978) he shared his father's enthusiasm for railways, particularly in the running of their Bassett-Lowke model railway.
Brought up in Devon over the World War II period, his first job was as a reporter on the Western Morning News in Plymouth where he specialised in covering transport and holiday stories. He later became a freelancer, combining journalism and radio and television reporting with fruit farming and being commissioned by the Dartington Hall Trust and others to produce reports on rural transport. His first book (for young people) was published in 1959 and in 1960 he produced the first book in the series he was to edit (and later publish), A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain, The West Country.

## Foundation of David and Charles

On 1 April 1960 he founded, with canal writer Charles Hadfield, the non-fiction publishing house of David & Charles of which he became chairman. This was run from his house at Ipplepen before moving to its better-known address at Newton Abbot railway station. With a staff of up to 300 the firm ran Britain's second-largest book club group, Readers' Union, which had a score of specialised clubs totalling about 250,000 members.
In later years, he also published some books under his own imprint. He continued to write himself, including a series of well-illustrated books on railway topics with Patrick B. Whitehouse and others, and more books on travel-related topics. He was keen to encourage new writers, and to this end launched the magazine Writers’ News in 1989, since sold.

## The David St John Thomas Charitable Trust

Having sold David & Charles, to F+W Media in 2000, and moved to Nairn, Scotland, he set up the David St John Thomas Charitable Trust. It makes awards to writers and also to gap year students.

## Death

Thomas died in his sleep on 19 August 2014 at the age of 84 while on a cruise in the Baltic.
# Detroit Pulaski

The Detroit Pulaski Post Five were an American basketball team based in Detroit, Michigan that was a member of the American Basketball League.
The team became known as the Detroit Lions after the beginning of the 1926/27 season and dropped out of the league after 6 games in that season.

## Year-by-year

| Year | League | Reg. Season | Playoffs |
| 1925/26 | ABL | 8th (1st half); 8th (2nd half) | Did not qualify |
| 1926/27 | ABL | N/A | N/A |
# American Osteopathic Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology

The American Osteopathic Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AOBOG) is an organization that provides board certification to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) who specialize in the care of the female reproductive tract and children during the course of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period (obstetricians) and to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive tract (gynecologists). The board is one 18 medical specialty certifying boards of the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), and was established in 1942. As of December 2011, 1,082 osteopathic obstetricians and gynecologists held active certification with the AOBOG.

## Board certification

Initial certification is available to eligible osteopathic obstetricians and gynecologists who have successfully completed an AOA-approved residency in obstetrics and gynecology, or a fellowship in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery, gynecologic oncology, maternal-fetal medicine, or reproductive endocrinology.
Since June 2002, board certified osteopathic obstetricians and gynecologists have been required to renew their certification every six years to avoid expiration of their board certified status. However, diplomates of the AOBOG who received their certification prior to this time are not required to undergo the recertification process and possess lifelong certification.
Osteopathic obstetricians and gynecologists may also receive Certification of Special Qualifications (CSQ) in the following areas:
* Female Pelvic Medicine/Reconstructive Surgery
* Gynecologic Oncology
* Maternal and Fetal Medicine
* Reproductive Endocrinology
# Alternating Currents (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Alternating Currents is the ninth album by jazz fusion group Spyro Gyra, released in 1985. At Billboard magazine, it reached No. 66 on the Top 200 Albums chart, No. 41 on the R&B Albums chart, and No. 3 on the Jazz Albums chart.

## Track listing

* "Shakedown" (Jeremy Wall) – 4:22
* "Alternating Currents" (Jay Beckenstein) – 4:28
* "Taking the Plunge (for Jennifer)" (Beckenstein) – 4:48
* "Binky Dream No. 6" (Beckenstein, Fernández, Morales, Schuman, Stone, Velez) – 4:13
* "PG" (Beckenstein) – 4:15
* "Heartbeat" (Wall) – 4:48
* "Mardi Gras" (Dave Samuels) – 6:04
* "I Believe in You" (Tom Schuman) – 5:31
* "Sunflurry" (Schuman) – 5:01

## Personnel

* Jay Beckenstein – saxophones, Lyricon
* Tom Schuman – keyboards
* Julio Fernández – guitars
* Kim Stone – bass guitar, double bass
* Richie Morales – drums
* Gerardo Velez – percussion
* Dave Samuels – marimba, vibraphone

### Production

* Jay Beckenstein – producer
* Richard Calandra – producer
* Jeremy Wall – co-producer
* Larry Swist – engineer
* Rick Begin – assistant engineer
* John Penzotti – assistant engineer
* Bob Ludwig – mastering at Masterdisk (New York City, New York).
* Jeff Adamoff – art direction
* Steele Works – design
* William Coupon – band photography
* NASA – courtesy front cover photography
# Alfred James Ewart

Alfred James Ewart, FRS (12 February 1872 – 12 September 1937) was an English-Australian botanist.

## Early life and education

Ewart was born in Toxteth Park, Liverpool, England, second son of Edmund Brown Ewart, B.A. and his wife, Martha née Williams. He was educated at the Liverpool Institute and University College, Liverpool, then graduated with a Ph.D. from Leipzig University and D.Sc. from Oxford.

## Career

Ewart was a demonstrator of botany at Liverpool, and subsequently Science Master at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and lecturer on botany at Birmingham University, where he was for a time deputy professor.
In 1905 Ewart was appointed Professor of Botany at the University of Melbourne. He had already completed a laborious and useful piece of work, his translation of Wilhelm Pfeffer's treatise on The Physiology of Plants, the first volume of which was published in 1900, the second in 1903, and the third in 1906. He had also published First Stage Botany (1900), New Matriculation Botany (1902), of which many impressions were subsequently published under the title Ewart's Elementary Botany; On the Physics and Physiology of Protoplasmic Streaming in Plants (1903), and Rural Calendar (1905).
In 1906, Ewart became the foundation chair of botany and plant physiology at the University of Melbourne. For the next 15 years Ewart was also the government botanist. In 1909, in collaboration with James Richard Tovey, who conducted the field research, he published a useful work on The Weeds, Poison Plants and Naturalized Aliens of Victoria, and in 1917, in collaboration with Miss Olive B. Davies. The Flora of the Northern Territory.
At the university Ewart had no separate building and for many years shared the biology school building with Sir Baldwin Spencer. After World War I a separate department for botany was built.
In 1927 Ewart was asked by the government to prepare a new Flora of Victoria which, with some assistance from other scientists, was completed and published in 1930. Other works not already mentioned include a Handbook of Forest Trees for Victorian Foresters (1925), and many papers in scientific journals, some of which were reprinted as pamphlets.
Ewart was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1922. Ewart was president of Section D (Biology) of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Melbourne in 1921, and of Section M (Botany) at Perth in 1926.

## Personal

Ewart married twice, firstly to Florence Maud Donaldson, a violinist and composer of ability, in 1898 and secondly to Elizabeth Bilton in 1931. There were two sons of the first marriage. Ewart died suddenly on 12 September 1937.
# Maximum term method

The maximum-term method is a consequence of the large numbers encountered in statistical mechanics. It states that under appropriate conditions the logarithm of a summation is essentially equal to the logarithm of the maximum term in the summation.
These conditions are (see also proof below) that (1) the number of terms in the sum is large and (2) the terms themselves scale exponentially with this number. A typical application is the calculation of a thermodynamic potential from a partition function. These functions often contain terms with factorials $n!$ which scale as $n^{1/2}n^{n}/e^{n}$ (Stirling's approximation).

## Example

    $\lim _{M\rightarrow \infty }{\cfrac {\ln \left({\sum _{N=1}^{M}N!}\right)}{\ln {M!}}}=1\$

## Proof

Consider the sum
    $S=\sum _{N=1}^{M}T_{N}\$
where $T_{N}$>0 for all N. Since all the terms are positive, the value of S must be greater than the value of the largest term, $T_{\max }$, and less than the product of the number of terms and the value of the largest term. So we have
    $T_{\max }\leq S\leq MT_{\max }.\$
Taking logarithm gives
    $\ln T_{\max }\leq \ln S\leq \ln T_{\max }+\ln M.\$
As frequently happens in statistical mechanics, we assume that $T_{\max }$ will be $O(\ln M!)=O(e^{M})$: see Big O notation.
Here we have
    $O(M)\leq \ln S\leq O(M)+\ln M\qquad \Rightarrow 1\leq {\frac {\ln S}{O(M)}}\leq 1+{\frac {\ln M}{O(M)}}=1+o(1)$
For large M, $\ln M$ is negligible with respect to M itself, and so $\ln M/O(e^{M})\in o(1)$. Then, we can see that ln S is bounded from above and below by $\ln T_{\max }$, and so
    ${\frac {\ln S}{O(\ln T_{\max })}}=1\$