OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joseph Lubin (accountant)

Joseph I. Lubin (November 14, 1899 – April 4, 1983) was an American accountant.

## Early life and education

A native New Yorker, born on the Lower East Side, Lubin had attended local public schools in the city before enrolling at Pace. Lubin received his Certificate in Accountancy from Pace University (then Pace Institute) in 1921 and a law degree from New York University in 1928.

## Career

Lubin went on to establish the nationwide accounting firm of Eisner and Lubin. He also served as chairman of the New York State Board of Certified Public Accountant Examiners and as a director of the New York State Society of Certified Public Accountants. During the Second World War, Lubin was Special Deputy Chief Investigator of the War Production Board, and Chairman of the Appeals Board of the New York County Selective Service. He also served on the board of the National Civil Service League and for a time was treasurer of the League. His corporate board memberships included United Cigar, Whelan Drug Corporation and the Phoenix Securities Corporation.

## Philanthropy

A financial supporter of education, Lubin was chairman of the Founders Society of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and a member of the board of trustees of Syracuse University, New York University, and Yeshiva University. From 1961 until his death in 1983 Joseph Lubin was a member of the Pace University board of trustees. In 1955 his alma mater awarded him the honorary degree of Doctor of Commercial Science.
Lubin House, a private club on East 61st St., has been Syracuse University's New York City base since 1964. It houses the Louise and Bernard Palitz Gallery.
Two years before he died, Lubin presented Pace with the largest single donation ever received from an individual, a land trust fund that over a fifteen-year period would amount to $7.5 million. The Lubin School of Business at Pace University is named after him.
# Chelonoidis niger vicina

Chelonoidis niger vicina, commonly known as the Cerro Azul giant tortoise, Iguana Cove tortoise or the Isabela Island giant tortoise, is a subspecies of Galápagos tortoise endemic to Isabela Island in the Galápagos.

## Population history

This population was depleted by seamen in the last 200 years and by extensive slaughter in the late 1950s and 1960s by employees of cattle companies based at Iguana Cove. Their population is thought to overlap with Chelonoidis niger guentheri.

## Description

It has a thick, heavy shell intermediate between saddle-backed and domed, and not appreciably narrowed anteriorly. Males are larger and more saddle-backed; females are more domed. Until eradication programs, virtually all nests and hatchlings were destroyed by black rats, pigs, dogs, and cats.
# Abazasdze

The Abazasdze family (Georgian: აბაზასძე) was a noble family in Georgia with a surge in prominence in the 11th century.

## History

The Abazasdze are hypothesized by the Georgian historian Nodar Shoshiashvili to have descended from the house of Tbeli of Kartli. Tbeli Abazay, mentioned in an 11th-century Georgian inscription from the Bortsvisjvari church at Tbeti, may have been the family's eponymous founder, while Ivane Abazasdze, eristavi ("duke") of Kartli, could have been his grandson. Ivane Abazasdze wielded influence in the 1030s, during the early reign of Bagrat IV of Georgia. The contemporaneous Georgian hagiography Vita of George the Athonite by Giorgi Mtsire described Ivane Abazasdze and his four brothers as "heroic and strong in their wealth and boastful of their arms and proud of the multitude of their army." Their failed plot to assassinate Bagrat IV resulted in the family's loss of much of their influence and prestige. They are only rarely mentioned in subsequent historical records, but the Abazasdze appear to have survived in Upper Kartli as royal vassals, aznauri, from the 15th century to the 18th.
By the closing years of the 14th century, a branch of the family was established in Georgia's eastern region of Kakheti and, in the person of Khimshia Abazasdze-Marileli ("of Marili"), who had fought Timur's invading army in 1399, was enfeoffed by the Georgian crown of the former estates of the Abuletisdze in Eliseni in 1405. According to the historian Cyril Toumanoff, the latter-day Kakhetian noble family of Khimshiashvili descended from these "Abazads of Marili".
# A Description of the Morning

"A Description of the Morning" is a poem by Anglo-Irish poet Jonathan Swift, written in 1709. The poem discusses contemporary topics, including the social state of London at the time of the writing, as well as the developing of commerce and business in the area, and the effect the latter had on the common people and common lifestyle in England. Others have also referred to the text as an early example of the oxymoronic "town eclogue," or "urban georgic". It was first published in October 1710, in the British magazine the Tatler, which was first printed in the same year of the poem's creation.
Following the poem's publication in the Tatler, Swift became an occasional contributor to the content of the magazine, often submitting portions of his work. This collaboration has resulted in Swift's labeling as one of the magazine's more prominent contributors. The subsequent poem by Swift published in the magazine, which was related to "A Description of the Morning" and was entitled "A Description of a City Shower", covers similar topic matter, discussing the artificiality of life in the city and that existence. It has been described by critics, readers, and even Swift himself as the best poem that he ever wrote: "They think 'tis the best thing I ever writ, and I think so too".
"A Description of the Morning" is often cited as inspiration for other works, including English artist William Hogarth's series of four paintings, Four Times of the Day, among other works and texts, such as John Gay's "Trivia", as well as Swift's own "A Description of a City Shower".
# Abhinetri (1970 film)

Abhinetri (lit. 'Actress') is a 1970 Indian Hindi film produced and directed by Subodh Mukherjee. The film stars Shashi Kapoor, Hema Malini, Nirupa Roy, Nazima, Asit Sen and Deb Mukherjee. The music composed by Laxmikant Pyarelal includes the song "Sa Re Ga Ma Pa" by Lata Mangeshkar and Kishore Kumar, besides the hit Lata Mangeshkar solo "O Ghata Sanwari".

## Plot

A chance meeting between an Assistant Scientist, Shekar, and an established stage dancer and singer, Anjana, results in love. While Shekar has a mother who lives separately, Anjana has been orphaned at an early age. Shekar's mother approves of Anjana and both get married. Anjana stops her involvement in dancing and singing, and both spent the next several months in relative harmony. Then Anjana finds that Shekar is spending more and more time in the laboratory than with her, and she decides to take up dancing and singing, which does not sit well with Shekar. Arguments ensue, and both decide to live separately. When Shekar's mother comes to visit Shekar, both he and Anjana compromise to live together. This, they think, would provide relief to their mother in her old age. Living together, they discover the missing spice in their marriage at the end.

## Cast

* Shashi Kapoor as Shekhar
* Hema Malini as Anjana
* Nirupa Roy as Shekhar's Mother
* Nazir Hussain as Dr. Niranjan Das
* Asit Sen as Narayan
* Badri Prasad as Anjana's Uncle
* Bela Bose
* Deb Mukherjee as Dancer (song "Milte Hi Rahenge Hum")

## Soundtrack

All songs were written by Majrooh Sultanpuri.
| # | Title | Singer(s) |
| 1 | "Sa Re Ga Ma Pa" | Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar |
| 2 | "O Ghata Sanwari" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| 3 | "Milte Hi Rahenge Hum" | Lata Mangeshkar, Mahendra Kapoor |
| 4 | "Dhadkan Har Dil Ki" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| 5 | "Khinche Hamse Sanware" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| 6 | "Sajna O Sajna" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| 7 | "Bane Bade Raja" | Asha Bhosle |
# Grange Hill, Jamaica

Grange Hill is a settlement in Jamaica, located in the parish of Westmoreland. It has a population of 7,190 as of 2009. It is the birthplace of Reggae legend Peter Tosh.
# Achlys (plant)

Achlys is a small genus of flowering plants in the barberry family (Berberidaceae), which it shares with genera such as Berberis and Vancouveria. It is named after the Greek legendary figure associated with shade and mist, Achlys, because the plants grow in the shade.

## Species

There are either two or three species, depending on the authority. Achlys triphylla and Achlys californica are both native to western North America. Another Achlys is found in Japan: some authorities treat this as a subspecies of A. triphylla, while others, especially in older treatments, call this Achlys japonica. Still others consider A. triphylla and A. californica too similar to be separate species. The common names for these plants include vanilla leaf (sometimes written as vanilla-leaf or vanillaleaf, depending on the taxonomist or flora), deer's foot and sweet after death, referring to the vanilla scent of its crushed leaves.
The Plant List recognizes two species, with A. californica regarded as a subspecies of A. triphylla
| Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
| | Achlys triphylla (Sm.) DC. | British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, NW California |
| | Achlys japonica Maxim. | Japan |

## Description

Achlys triphylla, known in western North America as vanillaleaf, is an erect perennial plant that sprouts from a creeping rhizome. Leaves are long-petioled and palmately divided into three leaflets. Flowers are small and lack sepals and petals, but instead have long showy white stamens that form single erect spikes. The leaflets give a great hint to the identification of the plant: bend back the middle leaflet and you have an upside-down set of moose antlers. Alternatively, bend back the two side leaflets and you have a goose or deer foot (hence the common name). In the Pacific Northwest, Achlys triphylla is ubiquitous in moist shady forests west of the Cascades at low to middle elevations from Vancouver island and southern British Columbia south to northern California.
The plants are spaced widely on the rhizomes, but often overlap in large networks that result in carpets of Achlys that dominate the near-surface understory. Achlys seems to prefer moist soil, so at middle to higher elevations it is easier to find them along streambanks or well-shaded ravines.
* Achlys japonica flowers
* Covered with fine hairs, Achlys triphylla achenes are concave toward stem and fleshy.
* Achlys triphylla at Standup Creek Trail 1369 Wenatchee National Forest
* Achlys japonica growing in Kitakami Mountains, Iwate prefecture, Japan

## Insect repellent

When dried properly, the plants are strongly aromatic and smell of vanilla. Besides serving as an excellent tent air freshener, Achlys has been used by native tribes of southern British Columbia as an insect repellent. The dried leaves were hung in bunches in doorways to ward off flies and mosquitoes, and it's not unheard of for naturalists to rub the dried or even fresh leaves on exposed skin when hiking the Olympics or Cascades during the summer mosquito season.
Japanese Achlys are quite similar to those found in western North America.
# César Espinoza

César Espinoza can refer to:
* César Espinoza (Chilean footballer)
* César Espinoza (Venezuelan footballer)
# Ronald (disambiguation)

Ronald is a masculine given name.
Ronald may also refer to:
* Ronald, Minnesota, an unincorporated community in the United States
* Ronald, Washington, an unincorporated community in the United States
# Dar Oulad Zidouh

Dar Oulad Zidouh is a town and rural commune in Fquih Ben Salah Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco. According to the 2004 census the town had a population of 9,821.
# Crown, Monongalia County, West Virginia

Crown is an unincorporated community in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States. Crown is located at the junction of County Highways 26 and 37, 8.5 miles (13.7 km) west-southwest of Morgantown.
# Gold Star Mothers

Gold Star mothers are women entitled to display a gold star on a service flag as the mother, stepmother, adoptive mother or foster mother of a United States Armed Forces member that died while engaged in action against an enemy recognized by the Secretary of Defense.
Gold Star Mothers may also refer to:
* American Gold Star Mothers, an organization for Gold Star mothers
* Gold Star Mothers National Monument, a proposed national monument commemorating the sacrifices of Gold Star mothers
# Achlysiella williamsi

Achlysiella williamsi is a plant pathogenic nematode in the genus Saccharum which parasitizes sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum).
# Glassphalt

Glassphalt or glasphalt (a portmanteau of glass and asphalt) is a variety of asphalt that uses crushed glass. It has been used as an alternative to conventional bituminous asphalt pavement since the early 1970s. Glassphalt must be properly mixed and placed if it is to meet roadway pavement standards, requiring some modifications to generally accepted asphalt procedures.
Generally, there is about 10–20% glass by weight in glassphalt.
# Jashore Government City College

Jashore Government City College is a post graduate educational institution located in Manihar area of Jashore District town in Khulna division of southern Bangladesh. At the time of its establishment, it was known as Jessore City College, which has been known as Jessore Government City College since 1986. At present, the college offers various subjects in higher secondary, undergraduate, honors, and postgraduate classes. At present, there are about 6,000 students here.

## History

Jessore City College was established on 17 July 1966 under the leadership of Sardar Ahmed Ali. During the establishment of the college, Prof. AFM Salimullah assumed the responsibility of the principal and carried out all the functions including the appointment of teachers of various subjects and the approval of the board and the university for the continuation of the academic activities. Higher Secondary and Undergraduate Pass Courses Existing Honors Courses in Political Science were introduced in this college in 1974 under Rajshahi University. The honors course in Bangla was introduced in this college in 1975. The college was nationalized in 1986. In the academic year 1992–93, a Masters's course in Political Science and Bangla was introduced in this college. Science buildings and student hostels were constructed to solve the physical infrastructural problems of the nationalized college. In the academic year 2003–2004, Honors courses in Accounting, Economics, Social Work, English, and Botany were introduced in this college. Due to the introduction of many honors courses, a total of 28 teaching posts including 03 professors and 08 associate professors were created in the college to solve the teacher crisis of the college. Later, honors courses in management, philosophy, and history and masters courses in social work and English were introduced in the college and he created posts in various subjects to solve the teacher crisis.
# Root Magic

Root Magic is a children's novel by Eden Royce. It is her novel-length debut set in South Carolina. The first edition was published by Walden Pond Press, an imprint of HarperCollins, in 2021.
# AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe

The Aerospace, Security and Defence Industries Association of Europe (ASD) is a trade association for the aerospace, defence and security industries in Europe. According to the organisation, it represents over 3,000 companies in 17 countries.

## History

The organisation was formed in 2004 through the merger of the Association of European Space Industry (Eurospace), European Association of Aerospace Industries (AECMA) and European Defence Industries Group (EDIG).

## Activities

The organisation serves as a lobbying group and policy advocate for the industry within the European Union establishment, in particular the European Defence Agency, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency, as well as the European Union Agency for the Space Programme.
The organisation is responsible for maintaining the ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English (STE) standards for aerospace technical documentation.
# 22nd Carpathian Uhlan Regiment

22nd Carpathian Uhlan Regiment (Polish: 22 Pułk Ułanów Podkarpackich, 22 puł) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic. Formed in November 1920, it fought in the 1939 Invasion of Poland. The regiment was garrisoned in the town of Brody (current Ukraine), and belonged to Kresowa Cavalry Brigade.
The history of the unit dates back to the late summer of 1920, when in the village of Nowosielce-Gniewosz near Lwow, the 209th Volunteer Uhlan Regiment was formed by Rotmistrz Henryk Towarnicki. On October 7, 1920, the unit was garrisoned in the barracks located in Bakonczyce, a district of Przemysl, and on November 8–14, 1920, it was merged with the 209th Carpathian Uhlan Regiment, taking on the new name, the 22nd Carpathian Uhlan Regiment.
In October 1921, regimental headquarters were moved to Hrubieszow, to be moved to Radymno after three years. Finally, in June 1924, the regiment settled in Brody, where it remained until 1939.
During the 1939 Invasion of Poland, the 22nd Carpathian Uhlan Regiment belonged to Kresowa Cavalry Brigade. Concentrated in the area of Zgierz and Strykow in central Poland, it was forced to withdraw behind the Vistula river, and in mid-September 1939 fought near Lublin, moving gradually towards the south. It capitulated in late September 1939 near Bilgoraj.

## Commandants

* Major Romuald Niemojewski (1920 - 1921)
* Colonel Wladyslaw Fibich (1921 - 1926)
* Colonel Jerzy Grobicki (XII 1926 - XII 1929),
* Colonel Stanislaw Rostworowski (XII 1929 - VII 1935),
* Colonel Eugeniusz Jozef Jasiewicz (4 VII 1935 - 1937),
* Colonel Wladyslaw Plonka (1937 - 1939).

## Symbols

The regimental flag was handed to it on October 23 in Przemysl, by a group of residents of Lwow. The ceremony was attended by General Lucjan Zeligowski, and the flag featured among others the Polish Eagle, and the coats of arms of the cities of Lwow and Lublin.
The badge, approved in 1925 by Minister of Military Affairs Wladyslaw Sikorski, was in the shape of the cross, with a red shield and white eagle in the middle.
The regiment had its zurawiejka.

## Sources

* Henryk Smaczny: Księga kawalerii polskiej 1914-1947: rodowody, barwa, broń. Warszawa: TESCO, 1989
* Tadeusz Suchorowski, Zarys historii wojennej 20-go Pułku Ułanów imienia Króla Jana III Sobieskiego, Warszawa 1929
# Caterina de' Pazzi

Caterina di Jacopo de' Pazzi (1463 – 23 August 1490) was an Italian blessed, and daughter of Jacopo de' Pazzi, creator of the Pazzi Conspiracy.

## Early life

Caterina de' Pazzi was born in 1463 in the Republic of Florence. She was the natural daughter, later legitimized, and the only child of the Florentine nobleman, politician and banker Jacopo de' Pazzi. Her mother's name is unknown and Caterina was raised by her father's legitimate wife, Maddalena Serristori, who failed to have any own children. She was istruited by Stefano da Bagnone.

## Life in exile

In April 1478 her father, her tutor, and two of her cousins, Francesco and Renato, were executed, among others, following the failure of their conspiracy against the Medici brothers, Lorenzo and Giuliano, governors de facto of the city of Florence. The rest of the men of Pazzi family was exiled, their family name condemned to damnatio memoriae and the women condemned to chose if enter a convent or continue to live in Florence but renounce the right to marry. Caterina, together with her stepmother, chose the convent, taking her vows in the Franciscan convent of Monticelli, directed by Filippa de' Medici, who became her spiritual guide and her close friend.
Caterina lived a life of repentances and deprivations, dying on 23 August 1490 at age twenty-seven. On her deathbed, she asked Filippa for the grace to pray for her family.

## Beatification

For her life and death, she was beatified by Pope Benedict XIV.
# Cymindis humeralis

Cymindis humeralis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Geoffory in 1785.

## Description

Cymindis humeralis can reach a length of 7.5–10.5 millimetres (0.30–0.41 in).

## Distribution

This species is present in most of Europe (Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine) and in the East Palearctic ecozone.

## Habitat

This xerophilous ground beetle lives in calcareous grasslands, heathlands and in the edges of forests.
* Illustration from Calwer's Käferbuch
# Abiola Félix Iroko

Abiola Félix Iroko (1946 – 13 November 2020) was a Beninese historian and university professor. He often wrote on the topic of slavery in Africa.

## Biography

Iroko earned a doctoral degree in letters and humanities from the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne. Throughout his career, he served as a professor of history at the University of Abomey-Calavi. He also knew how to play the zither in his youth.
Iroko was an Honorary Corresponding Fellow at the Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences.
Abiola Félix Iroko died on 13 November 2020.

## Works

* Les villes yoruba du Dahomey : l'exemple de Ketu (1975)
* Les cauris en Afrique Occidentale du dixième au vingtième siècle (1988)
* L'homme et les termitières en Afrique (1996)
* Calebasses béninoises : collections du Musée de l'homme, Laboratoire d'éthnologie, Musée national d'histoire naturelle (1998)
* La côte des esclaves et la traite atlantique : les faits et le jugement de l'histoire (2003)
# Achmad Adnawidjaja

Achmad Adnawidjaja (born 5 June 1922) was an Indonesian military officer, bureaucrat, and politician who held several offices in provincial and national level of the Indonesian government. His last office was as the member of the People's Representative Council, which he held from 1982 until 1987.

## Early life

Achmad was born on 5 June 1922 in Tasikmalaya, West Java. Before entering the military, Achmad was employed as a teacher from 1941 until 1942 and as an alderman from 1943 until 1945.

## Military career

Achmad entered the military in 1945, where he fought at the Indonesian National Revolution. After the revolution ended, Achmad became the Deputy Commander of the 312th Battalion (1953), military commander of Bekasi and Tangerang (1953—1955), Commander of the 312th Battalion (1957—1959), Commander of the Bandung Urban Military Command (1959—1960). Achmad retired from the military with the rank of brigadier general on 1 January 1975.

## Bureaucratic career

Achmad began his career in governance when he was appointed as the Mayor of Bogor in 1961. He ended his term on 1 September 1965 and was subsequently made as the Regional Secretary of West Java ten days later. After serving as regional secretary for ten years and under three governors, he was replaced by Kadarusman Kadi on 10 May 1975.
Achmad was transferred to the Ministry of Home Affairs shortly afterwards, where he was made as the head of the newly established Research and Development body of the ministry. He was rotated several years later and became the Director General of General Government and Regional Autonomy on 29 August 1980.

## Political career

Achmad ran in the 1982 Indonesian legislative election as a candidate for the People's Representative Council. Achmad was elected to the council for a five-year term.

## Personal life

Achmad was married to Yayah Malihah. The couple has four sons and six daughters.