OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adaptive-additive algorithm

In the studies of Fourier optics, sound synthesis, stellar interferometry, optical tweezers, and diffractive optical elements (DOEs) it is often important to know the spatial frequency phase of an observed wave source. In order to reconstruct this phase the Adaptive-Additive Algorithm (or AA algorithm), which derives from a group of adaptive (input-output) algorithms, can be used. The AA algorithm is an iterative algorithm that utilizes the Fourier Transform to calculate an unknown part of a propagating wave, normally the spatial frequency phase (k space). This can be done when given the phase’s known counterparts, usually an observed amplitude (position space) and an assumed starting amplitude (k space). To find the correct phase the algorithm uses error conversion, or the error between the desired and the theoretical intensities.

## The algorithm
### History

The adaptive-additive algorithm was originally created to reconstruct the spatial frequency phase of light intensity in the study of stellar interferometry. Since then, the AA algorithm has been adapted to work in the fields of Fourier Optics by Soifer and Dr. Hill, soft matter and optical tweezers by Dr. Grier, and sound synthesis by Röbel.

### Algorithm

* Define input amplitude and random phase
* Forward Fourier Transform
* Separate transformed amplitude and phase
* Compare transformed amplitude/intensity to desired output amplitude/intensity
* Check convergence conditions
* Mix transformed amplitude with desired output amplitude and combine with transformed phase
* Inverse Fourier Transform
* Separate new amplitude and new phase
* Combine new phase with original input amplitude
* Loop back to Forward Fourier Transform

### Example

For the problem of reconstructing the spatial frequency phase (k-space) for a desired intensity in the image plane (x-space). Assume the amplitude and the starting phase of the wave in k-space is $A_{0}$ and $\phi _{n}^{k}$ respectively. Fourier transform the wave in k-space to x space.
    $A_{0}e^{i\phi _{n}^{k}}{\xrightarrow {FFT}}A_{n}^{f}e^{i\phi _{n}^{f}}$
Then compare the transformed intensity $I_{n}^{f}$ with the desired intensity $I_{0}^{f}$, where
    $I_{n}^{f}=\left(A_{n}^{f}\right)^{2},$
    $\varepsilon ={\sqrt {\left(I_{n}^{f}\right)^{2}-\left(I_{0}\right)^{2}}}.$
Check $\varepsilon$ against the convergence requirements. If the requirements are not met then mix the transformed amplitude $A_{n}^{f}$ with desired amplitude $A^{f}$.
    ${\bar {A}}_{n}^{f}=\left[aA^{f}+(1-a)A_{n}^{f}\right],$
where a is mixing ratio and
    $A^{f}={\sqrt {I_{0}}}$.
Note that a is a percentage, defined on the interval 0 ≤ a ≤ 1.
Combine mixed amplitude with the x-space phase and inverse Fourier transform.
    ${\bar {A}}^{f}e^{i\phi _{n}^{f}}{\xrightarrow {iFFT}}{\bar {A}}_{n}^{k}e^{i\phi _{n}^{k}}.$
Separate ${\bar {A}}_{n}^{k}$ and $\phi _{n}^{k}$ and combine $A_{0}$ with $\phi _{n}^{k}$. Increase loop by one $n\to n+1$ and repeat.

#### Limits

* If $a=1$ then the AA algorithm becomes the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm.
* If $a=0$ then ${\bar {A}}_{n}^{k}=A_{0}$.
# Agnese Landini

Agnese Landini (Italian pronunciation:; born 11 November 1976) is an Italian teacher, wife of former Prime Minister of Italy Matteo Renzi.

## Life and work

Landini was born in Florence, in 1976 and has one brother, Filippo, who is a priest. During her childhood, Landini was a scout in the Association of Catholic Guides and Scouts of Italy (AGESCI). In her later years, she met her future husband, Matteo Renzi. On August 27, 1999 Agnese Landini married Renzi, with whom she has two sons, Francesco and Emanuele, and a daughter, Ester. Like her husband, she is a regular Mass-goer.
She is a teacher of Italian literature, Latin and history in a lyceum of Florence.

## Personal life

Landini enjoys running, like her husband, and reading books; moreover she is a fan of opera and classical music.
When Renzi was nominated Prime Minister and went to Rome to live in the official residence of the Italian prime minister, Palazzo Chigi, she decided to remain in Pontassieve, near Florence, with their children.
# Jenkin Thompson

Captain Jenkin Robert Oswald Thompson GC (13 July 1911 – 24 January 1944) was posthumously awarded the George Cross for conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He was awarded the decoration for the courage he showed while serving as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps on board HM Hospital Carriers Paris and St. David in Sicily and Anzio.

## George Cross

Thompson was awarded a posthumous George Cross for his duty from May 1940 to January 1944. This was while he was serving as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps on board the HM Hospital Carriers Paris (at Dunkirk in May 1940); and the HM Hospital Carriers St. David (at Sicily from 10 to 14 July 1943; at Salerno from 10 to 15 September 1943; and at Anzio during 23/24 January 1944).
On all these occasions, despite repeated dive-bombing attacks and enemy shell-fire, he showed indifference to danger and physical exhaustion in the care of his patients. On the night of 24 January 1944 as the St. David sailed out from Anzio, he displayed outstanding heroism when the ship was sinking rapidly as the result of a direct hit from a Luftwaffe dive-bomber.
Captain Thompson organised parties to carry the seriously wounded to safety in the boats and by his courage and coolness was instrumental in saving the lives of all the patients in his ward, except one, as well as those of many walking cases from other wards. Finally, when the ship was about to founder and all were ordered to save themselves, he returned alone to almost certain death in an endeavour to save the one remaining patient who was still lying trapped below decks. He went down with the ship.

## George Cross citation

His citation was published in the London Gazette on 2 February 1945.
   The King has been graciously pleased to approve the posthumous award of the George Cross, in recognition of most conspicuous gallantry in carrying out hazardous work in a very brave manner, to:-Captain Jenkin Robert Oswald Thompson (115213), Royal Army Medical Corps (Claygate, Surrey).
# Alexander (satellite)

Alexander, also known as PhoneSat 2.0 Beta or PhoneSat v2a is a technology demonstration satellite operated by NASA's Ames Research Center, which was launched in April 2013. Part of the PhoneSat programme, it was one of the first three PhoneSat spacecraft, and the first Phonesat-2.0 satellite, to be launched.
A PhoneSat-2.0 satellite, Alexander was built to the single-unit (1U) CubeSat specification, and measures 10 cm (3.9 in) in each dimension. The satellite is based on an off-the-shelf Samsung Electronics Nexus S smartphone which serves in place of an onboard computer. The satellite is equipped with a two-way S-band transponder and solar cells for power generation. The spacecraft uses the phone's gyroscopes, along with a GPS receiver, to determine its position and orientation, and a system of reaction wheels and magnetorquer coils for attitude control.
Alexander was named after Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone. The two other PhoneSat spacecraft launched aboard the same rocket were named Graham and Bell. The three PhoneSat spacecraft, along with the commercial Dove 1 satellite, were launched as secondary payloads aboard the maiden flight of the Antares launch vehicle; flight A-ONE. The primary payload was the Cygnus Mass Simulator.
Liftoff occurred at 21:00 UTC on 21 April 2013, from Pad 0A of the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS), following attempts on 17 and 20 April which had been scrubbed due to an umbilical problem and high-level winds respectively. The launch was conducted by Orbital Sciences Corporation, however the CubeSats were launched under a contract with Spaceflight Services, using dispensers produced by Innovative Solutions In Space (ISIS). Alexander, Graham and Bell were deployed from a single ISIPod dispenser, while Dove 1 was deployed from a second such dispenser.
On 27 April 2013, the satellite was confirmed to have burned up in the atmosphere, with instruments still running up until then.
# Julie Robinson Belafonte

Julie Robinson Belafonte (September 14, 1928 – March 9, 2024) was an American dancer, actress and costume designer. She was the second wife of Harry Belafonte. She died on March 9, 2024, at the age of 95.
# Julie Rocheleau

Julie Rocheleau may refer to
* Julie Baumann (born 1964) née Rocheleau, Canadian-born Swiss athlete
* Julie Rocheleau (artist) (born 1983) graphic novel artist and illustrator in Quebec, Canada
# Julie Rogers (disambiguation)

Julie Rogers is a British singer.
Julie Rogers may also refer to:
* Julie Rogers (Paralympian), British para athlete, volleyball player
* Julie Rogers (Charlie's Angels), fictional character in Charlie's Angels
* Julie Rogers, character in Sensation Hunters (1945 film)
* Julie Rogers, fictional character in Castle played by Erin Krakow
* Julie Rogers, fictional character in Knight Rider played by Julianne McNamara
* Julie Rogers Theater, Texas
* Julie Rogers, candidate in 2008 Michigan State House elections
# Love Is (Kevin Sharp album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic - | |
Love Is is the second album released by American country music artist Kevin Sharp. The only single released from the album, "If She Only Knew", failed to reach the top 40 in the charts while the album itself reached number 36 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart. "Her Heart Is Only Human" was originally recorded by Ty Herndon on his 1996 album Living in a Moment.

## Track listing

* "Kiss the Girl" (Bob Regan, George Teren) - 3:04
* "We Can Get Through This" (Kim Carnes, Jeffrey Steele) - 2:55
* "If She Only Knew" (Gordon Chambers, Chris Farren) - 5:00
* "She Just Had to Be Mine" (Gary Burr, Farren) - 3:18
* "Still Love" (Skip Ewing, Farren, Kevin Sharp) - 4:20
* "I'm Trying" (Darrell Scott, Tia Sillers) - 4:01
* "Typical" (Regan, Teren) - 3:15
* "What Other Man" (Linda Thompson-Jenner, Reed Vertelney) - 3:57
* "So Tears Won't Fall" (Burr, Bruce Roberts) - 3:41
* "Scared Like That Again" (Michael Dulaney, Farren) - 4:40
* "Her Heart Is Only Human" (Kent Blazy, Steve Dorff, Kim Williams) - 3:31

## Personnel

As listed in liner notes
* Tim Buppert - background vocals
* Mark Casstevens - electric guitar, acoustic guitar
* Joe Chemay - bass guitar
* Dan Dugmore - steel guitar
* Chris Farren - background vocals, acoustic guitar, mandolin, electric guitar, keyboards
* Pat Flynn - acoustic guitar
* Larry Franklin - fiddle
* Paul Franklin - steel guitar
* Rob Hajacos - fiddle
* John Hobbs - piano
* Dann Huff - electric guitar
* David Hungate - bass guitar
* Jeff King - electric guitar
* Mark Leggett - drum programming
* Paul Leim - drums
* Sam Levine - penny whistle
* Glenn Miller - background vocals
* Greg Morrow - percussion
* Steve Nathan - piano
* Cary Park - electric guitar
* Tom Roady - percussion
* Matt Rollings - piano
* Brent Rowan - electric guitar
* Kevin Sharp - lead vocals
* Jeffrey Steele - background vocals
* Biff Watson - acoustic guitar
* Dennis Wilson - background vocals

## Chart performance

| Chart (1998) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums | 38 |

## Sources

* ↑ Allmusic - review
* ↑ Love Is (CD). Kevin Sharp. Asylum Records. 1998. 341160.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
# Alexander Kolisko

Alexander Kolisko (6 November 1857 – 23 February 1918) was a pathologist who was born in Vienna, Austrian Empire. He was the father of anthroposophist Eugen Kolisko (1893–1939).

## Biography

In 1881 Kolisko earned his medical doctorate from the University of Vienna, subsequently working as an assistant to Hans Kundrat (1845–1893) at the pathological anatomy institute at the university. Later, he was a prosector at the Leopoldstädter Kinderspital in Vienna. In 1898 he succeeded Eduard von Hofmann (1837–1897) as a professor of forensic medicine, and in 1916 was successor to Anton Weichselbaum (1845–1920) as professor of pathological anatomy at the University of Vienna.
He died in Vienna.
Kolisko is remembered for his work in forensic pathology. He was particularly interested in the pathology of sudden death, leaving the criminal and legal aspects of the subject to his assistant Albin Haberda (1868–1933). Also, he conducted extensive studies involving the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning on the brain, and with obstetrician Carl Breus (1852–1914), he developed a classification system for pelvic disorders.

## Selected writings

* Schemata zum Einzeichnen von Gehirnbefunden, Leipzig and Vienna, Verlag Deuticke, 1895 (with Emil Redlich 1866–1930).
* Beiträge zur Kenntnis der osteo myelitis, Vienna, 1896.
* Die pathologischen Beckenformen, Leipzig, 1904 (with Carl Breus 1852–1914).
# Low Level Waste Repository

The Low Level Waste Repository is the UK's central long-term store for low-level radioactive waste located on the West Cumbrian coast near Drigg village and opened in 1959. It is a subsidiary of the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority.

## Function

The site stores low level radioactive waste from Sellafield, MoD sites, nuclear power stations, hospitals, universities, medical companies and the oil industry. The site, which was opened in 1959 by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, covers about 270 acres (110 ha) on the site of the former Royal Ordnance Factory (ROF Drigg).

## Ownership and management

The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA), who owned LLWR at the time, announced in March 2008 that UK Nuclear Waste Management Ltd (a consortium led by the Washington Division of URS Corporation and including Studsvik UK, AREVA-NC and Serco Assurance) had been awarded the contract for the management and operation of the Low Level Waste Repository.
This arrangement ceased when the LLWR was brought back under direct public management when it became a subsidiary of the NDA in July 2021. In 2022 LLWR was merged with the NDA's Integrated Waste Management Programme to form a division called Nuclear Waste Services.

## Continued use

In 1988, a new system was introduced placing waste in containers rather than clay trenches later covered with stone and soil.
In early 2008, Cumbria County Council granted permission for a new vault, Vault 9, to be built to accommodate about 700 ISO steel containers per year and be able to hold 5,500 ISO steel containers in total, giving an operational life of about eight years. The vault opened for use in 2010.
In 2015, a report from the Environment Agency acknowledged that the site would be disrupted in the future by coastal erosion and flooding, and placed requirements on LLWR Ltd to maintain a programme of coastal monitoring and to keep up-to-date with research and development on the long-term effects of climate change.
In 2023, Nuclear Waste Services started capping and securing full trenches and vaults in preparation for permanent closure, a process that will take five years. A 10 metre thick membrane, the Southern Trench Cap Interim Membrane (STIM), will cover the old trenches to protect the waste for up to 100 years.
# Compsibidion derivativum

Compsibidion derivativum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Brazilian entomologist Ubirajara Martins in 1971.
# Compsibidion clivum

Compsibidion clivum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Brazilian entomologist Ubirajara Martins in 1971.
# Compsibidion carenatum

Compsibidion carenatum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Brazilian entomologist Ubirajara Martins in 1969.
# Chimuara Solar Power Station

The Chimuara Solar Power Station, is a planned 100 megawatts (130,000 hp) solar power plant in Mozambique. The solar farm is under development by a consortium of two independent power producers and one investment company. The developers have created a special purpose vehicle (SPV) company called SunMoz, to design, build, own, operate and maintain the power station and related infrastructure. The energy generated here will be sold to Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM), for integration into the Mozambican grid, under a long-term power purchase agreement.

## Location

The power station is located in the town of Chimuara, in the Zambezia Province, on the northern bank of the Zambezi River. This is close to the border with Sofala Province, approximately 198 kilometres (123 mi) west of the coastal city of Quelimane, the Zambezia provincial capital. SunMoz has obtained a piece of real estate measuring 250 hectares (620 acres) on which the solar farm will sit.

## Overview

The design calls for a generation capacity of 100 megawatts, which will be sold directly to EDM, the electric utility company of Mozambique, for integration in the national electricity grid. EDM owns an electric substation in Chimuara, where the energy will be injected into the national grid. The power station will be developed in phases, with the first phase to comprise 30 MW.

## Developers

The consortium that owns and is developing the solar farm has created an SPV company called SunMoz, to build own and operate the power station. The table below illustrates the shareholding in SunMoz.
Shareholding In SunMoz :
| Rank | Shareholder | Domicile | Percentage |
| 1 | SolarCentury Africa | United Kingdom | |
| 2 | Renewable Energy Services Africa (RESA) | South Africa | |
| 3 | Checunda Investimentos | Mozambique | |
| | Total | | 100.00 |
# Rex Roe

Air Chief Marshal Sir Rex David Roe, GCB, AFC (4 May 1925 – 3 November 2002) was a senior Royal Air Force commander.

## RAF career

Educated at the City of London School and the University of London, Roe joined the Royal Air Force in 1943 during the Second World War. He was appointed Officer Commanding No. 204 Squadron in 1960 and became Senior Air Staff Officer at Headquarters No. 18 Group in 1964. He went on to be Station Commander at RAF Syerston in 1967, Director of RAF Flying Training in 1969 and Deputy Controller, Aircraft at the MoD Procurement Executive in 1972. After that he was made Senior Air Staff Officer at Headquarters Near East Air Force in 1974. He was made Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Training Command in January 1976 and personally took delivery of the new Hawk in November of that year flying it himself into RAF Valley. His last appointments were as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Support Command in 1977 and as Air Member for Supply and Organisation in 1978 before he retired in 1981.
# Jennifer Ng

Jennifer Ng Chi Kwon (born 1985) is a national team freestyle swimmer from Hong Kong. She has swum for Hong Kong at the 2002 Asian Games, 2002 Pan Pacs, and the 2003 World Championships. She trained in college at Canada's University of British Columbia.
# Alexander Matheson (Scottish politician)

Alexander Matheson CVO OBE DL FRPharmS is a pharmacist, businessman, and local politician from Stornoway.
Matheson was elected to Stornoway Town Council in 1967 and became the town's youngest Provost in 1971. He would also serve as the town's last Provost up to the town council's dissolution in 1975. In 1973, he was appointed to the Western Isles health board, becoming its chairman in 1993 until 2001. Matheson was elected to Comhairle nan Eilean Siar in 1974 and served as Convenor from 1982 until 1990. He also contested the Western Isles parliamentary constituency for the Labour Party in 1979, finishing second to incumbent MP Donald Stewart.
He was appointed Chairman of Highlands and Islands Airports Ltd. in 2001 and served until 2007. A member of the Harris Tweed Authority between 1995 and 2007 he was chairman from 2001 to 2007. He served on Stornoway Trust Estate for 40 years from 1967 until 2007 and was chairman from 1971 until 1981. In 1972 he was appointed as an Honorary Sheriff at Stornoway and continues to hold that warrant. He served on Stornoway Pier and Harbour Commission (now Stornoway Port Authority between 1968 and 2009 and was chairman from 1970 to 1972 and again from 1991 to 2001. He was President of the Islands Commission of The Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions of Europe between 1987 and 1991.
Matheson is the chairman of Roderick Smith Ltd., his family business. He was awarded the OBE in 1990. In 1993, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and a deputy lieutenant of the Western Isles. He became Vice Lord-Lieutenant in 1994 and was appointed Lord Lieutenant in 2001, serving until 2016.
He was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in the 2016 New Year Honours. In 2023, Matheson was made a Freeman of the Western Isles, only the sixth person to receive this honour.
# Jennifer Nitsch

Jennifer Nitsch (Cologne, December 10, 1966 – Munich, June 13, 2004) was a German television actress.

## Selected filmography

* 1989: Boomerang Boomerang [de], as Silke
* 1991: Alone Among Women [de], as Anette
* 1993: A Man for My Wife (TV film), as Martina
* 1993: Gefährliche Verbindung (TV film), as Regine
* 1994: Nur eine kleine Affäre [de] (TV miniseries), as Teresa Gärtner
* 1994: International Zone (TV film), as Ina
* 1995–1996: Die Straßen von Berlin (TV series, 6 episodes), as Irene Starnow
* 1996: The Shadow Man [de] (TV miniseries), as Barbara Sattler
* 1997: Life Penalty (TV film), as Katja
* 1998: L'elefante bianco [it] (TV film), as Marianna
* 1998: Women Don't Lie, as Marie
* 1998: Caraibi [it] (TV miniseries), as Isabella
* 1999: Men Are Like Chocolate [de] (TV film), as Linda Lano
* 1999: Die letzte Chance (TV film), as Katharina
* 1999: Chain of Evidence (TV film), as Lisa
* 1999: Lieber böser Weihnachtsmann (TV film), as Kim Ziegler
* 2000: Death, Deceit and Destiny Aboard the Orient Express, as Rita Evans
* 2003: In the Lioness' Den (TV film), as Dr. Maja von Wiesenthal
* 2004: Pact with the Devil, as Bae
* 2004: Judith Kemp (TV film), as Judith Kemp
# List of mayors of Chur

This is a list of mayors of Chur. The mayor of Chur held the title of Bürgermeister until 1875. Since then, the Stadtpräsident presides the city's executive, the office of the Bürgermeister is limited to the presidency of the local citizen's corporation (Bürgergemeinde).
Mayor (Stadtpräsident) of Chur :
| Term | Mayor | Lifespan | Party |
| 1895–1904 | Richard Camenisch | (1837–1904) | |
| 1904–1911 | Georg Oreste Olgiati | (1869–1920) | |
| 1911–1915 | Robert Pedotti | (1868–1915) | |
| 1915–1926 | Georg Hartmann | (1873–1932) | |
| 1926–1935 | Adolf Nadig | (1877–1960) | |
| 1936–1951 | Johann Rudolf (Gian) Mohr | (1885–1956) | FDP |
| 1951–1960 | Johann Anton Caflisch | | |
| 1960–1972 | Georg Sprecher | | |
| 1973–1988 | Andrea Melchior | | LdU |
| 1988?–1996 | Rolf Stiffler | | FDP |
| 1996–2000 | Christian Aliesch | | SVP |
| 2001–2012 | Christian Boner | | BDP |
| 2013–present | Urs Marti | (born 1967) | FDP |
# List of mayors of Claremont

The Town of Claremont is a local government area in Perth, Western Australia. Claremont was originally established on 17 June 1898 as the Municipality of Claremont with a mayor and councillors under the Municipal Institutions Act 1876. With the passage of the Local Government Act 1960, it became the Town of Claremont effective 1 July 1961.

## Municipality of Claremont

| Mayor | Term |
| James King | 1898-1899 |
| Joseph Langsford | 1899–1901 |
| Sydney Stubbs | 1901–1903 |
| H. M. Saunders | 1903–1907 |
| T. J. Briggs | 1907–1909 |
| Horace Elgar Mofflin | 1909–1911 |
| Walter St Clair Brockway | 1911–1912 |
| James L. B. Weir | 1912–1915 |
| George Philip Stevens | 1915–1919 |
| John Thomson | 1919–1922 |
| William James Rolfe | 1922 |
| Sidney Charles Marriott | 1923–1924 |
| John Hobbs | 1924–1927 |
| Gustav Ernst Mengler | 1927–1939 |
| Edward James Judge | 1939–1940 |
| Eric William Gillett | 1940–1953 |
| Albert William Crooks | 1953–1961 |

## Town of Claremont

| Mayor | Term |
| Albert William Crooks | 1961–1966 |
| E. W. Harry Milner | 1966–1972 |
| R. E. Packington | 1972–1978 |
| B. H. Houston | 1978–1985 |
| Peter H. Weygers | 1985–1997 |
| Peter J. Olson | 1997–2009 |
| Jock Barker | 2009–present |
# Chinese Tuxedo

Chinese Tuxedo was a two-storey Chinese restaurant on Doyers Street in Chinatown, Manhattan. The upscale restaurant opened on October 6, 1904, they closed in the mid-1900s.