OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Distal splenorenal shunt procedure

In medicine, a distal splenorenal shunt procedure (DSRS), also splenorenal shunt procedure and Warren shunt, is a surgical procedure in which the distal splenic vein (a part of the portal venous system) is attached to the left renal vein (a part of the systemic venous system). It is used to treat portal hypertension and its main complication (esophageal varices). It was developed by W. Dean Warren.

## Splenopancreatic and gastric disconnection (SPGD)

DSRS is typically done with splenopancreatic and gastric disconnection (ligation of the gastric veins and pancreatic veins (that drain into the portal vein) and complete detachment of the splenic vein from the portal venous system), as it improves the outcome.

## Comparison to TIPS

Survival with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) versus a DSRS is thought to be approximately similar, but still an area of intensive research.
Both TIPS and DSRS lead to decreased rates of variceal bleeding at the expense of hepatic encephalopathy; however, TIPS appears to have more shunt dysfunction and lead to more encephalopathy and bleeds. DSRS appears to be more cost effective than TIPS.
# La Motte-Fanjas

La Motte-Fanjas is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
# Mary Koga

Mary Koga (née Mary Hisako Ishii, August 10, 1920 – June 8, 2001) was a Japanese-American photographer and social worker in Chicago.

## Life

Koga was born in Sacramento, California, on August 10, 1920, and had been an avid photographer since she was a child. She concentrated on social work, however, and received a BA in 1942 from the University of California at Berkeley and a Master's degree in 1947 from the University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration. During World War II, following the signing of Executive Order 9066, she was incarcerated in the internment camp at Tule Lake for a year because of her Japanese ethnicity.
From 1947 to 1969, she worked in the field of social work in Chicago, starting out as a case worker and eventually teaching as an Assistant Professor for Field Work at the University of Chicago, School of Social Service Administration, 1960–1969.
Koga then concentrated on photography, studied at the IIT Institute of Design and received a MFA from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 1973. She then went on to teach photography at Columbia College Chicago for seven years.
Mary Koga died in Chicago on June 8, 2001.

## Photography

Koga's photographic work consists mainly of three distinct series.
The Floral Forms series was begun in 1972 and went on into the 1990s. Done in both color as well as black and white, the images are delicate close-ups of mostly single flower heads, artfully arranged in the studio with tightly controlled lighting. On occasion, she over exposed and used multiple exposure to emphasise the structure and/or color. Comparison has been made with the flower paintings of Georgia O'Keeffe.
In parallel, between 1972 and 1980, Koga went to rural Alberta to work on the series The Hutterites. Her images show the members of the isolated religious community of Hutterites, who in many cases had been photographed for the first time.
Koga's third big project, Portrait of the Issei in Illinois, consisted of images of the elderly first generation of Japanese immigrants, her parents' generation, in black and white as well as color photos. Between 1986 and 1989, Koga photographed them in the day care facility and the Senior Citizens Work Center of the Japanese American Service Committee (JASC) and at Heiwa Terrace, a Japanese American senior residence, both located in Chicago.
# Simonen

Simonen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aarre Simonen (1913–1977), Finnish lawyer and politician
* Emilia Simonen (born 1996), Finnish pair skater
* Heikki Simonen (1902–1975), Finnish politician
* Mari Simonen (born 1951), Finnish United Nations officials
* Vieno Simonen (1898–1994), Finnish politician and farmer
# Danny Fox (artist)

Danny Fox (born 1986) is a British artist from St. Ives, Cornwall.

## Career

In 2004, Fox moved to London. He squatted in Brixton and took odd jobs washing dishes in order to buy brushes.
Danny Fox lived in Los Angeles from 2016 to 2020.

## Themes

Danny Fox's images have vibrant array of colours that look tempered or worn down. Fox is inspired by artists such as Richard Simkin, Matisse, Henry Taylor and also painters from St Ives, such as Ben Nicholson and Alfred Wallis.
His subjects include horses, boxers, female nudes, birds and fruits.

## Solo exhibitions

* 2021, The Sweet and Burning Hills, Alexander Berggruen, New York, NY
** Danny Fox & Kingsley Ifill: Eye For A Sty, Tooth For The Roof, Eighteen Gallery, Copenhagen
* 2019, Danny Fox: Some Mornings Catch a Wraith, Berggruen Gallery, San Francisco, CA
** Doped, Roped and Horoscoped, Eighteen Gallery, Copenhagen, Denmark
* 2018, Danny Fox, V1 Gallery at CHART Art Fair, Copenhagen, Denmark
** Blood Spots On Apple Flesh, Zidoun-Bossuyt Gallery, Luxembourg
* 2017, Mitre Delta, Bill Brady Gallery, Miami, FL
* 2016, A Spoon With The Bread Knife, V1 Gallery, Copenhagen, Denmark
** Adder Among Choughs, S|2 Sotheby's, Los Angeles, CA
** Onions Under Water, S|2 Sotheby's, New York, NY
* 2015, As He Bowed His Head To Drink, The Redfern Gallery, London, UK
* 2014, White Horses, C n B Gallery, London, UK
* 2013, Bloom, Plumbline Gallery, St. Ives, UK

## Group exhibitions

* ·2020, Animal Kingdom, Alexander Berggruen, New York, NY
** Crowd, Hannah Barry Gallery, London, UK
** I Won't Bite, curated by Brooke Wise, NeueHouse, Los Angeles, CA
* 2019, Words, Alexander Berggruen, New York, NY
** Punch, Curated by Nina Chanel Abney, Jeffrey Deitch, Los Angeles, CA
* 2018, Boy Meets Girl, Choi & Lager, Cologne, Germany
* 2017, Folklore, Sade Gallery, Los Angeles, CA
** Iconoclasts: Art out of the mainstream, Saatchi Gallery, London, UK
** Horses, Eighteen Gallery, Copenhagen, Denmark
** What Is This Place?, Newlyn Art Gallery, Penzance, UK
* 2016, Human Condition, The Hospital, Los Angeles, CA
** Chart Fair, V1 Gallery, Copenhagen, Denmark
** Character, V1 Gallery, Copenhagen, Denmark
** 35 Works On Paper, BEERS, London, UK
** Parlor, V1 Gallery, Volta 12, Basel, Switzerland
** Fresh Cuts, Eric Firestone Gallery, New York, NY
* 2015, Royal Rumble, The Cremlin, London, UK
* 2014, Top Guns, Paul Loya Gallery, Los Angeles, CA
** 30 years of the future, Castlefield Gallery, Manchester, UK
** You Can't Put Your Arms Around A Memory, Faux Pas Gallery, Moscow, Russia
** Y Brutales Matanzas!, Maison 1575, Paris, France
* 2013, Deserts Of Humanity, Display Gallery, London, UK
* 2012, Young British Alcoholics, Eternal Youth, London, UK
* 2011, Winter Show, Millennium Gallery, St. Ives, UK
# Akpınar, Mutki

Akpınar is a village the Mutki District of Bitlis Province in Turkey. Its population is 251 (2021).
# Kostajnica, Konjic

Kostajnica (Cyrillic: Костајница) is a village in the municipality of Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 39.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 33 | 84.6% |
| Bosniaks | 6 | 15.4% |
| Total | 39 | 100% |
# Ambohimahamasina

Ambohimahamasina is a rural municipality in the Ambalavao District in Haute Matsiatra Region in central Madagascar. It is situated near the Andringitra National Park. Ambohimahamasina can be reached by the Provincial road 201 from Ambalavao (39 km).

## Rivers

It is situated at the Mananatana river.
# Kunio Busujima

Kunio Busujima (毒島 邦雄, Busujima Kunio, 1 April 1925 – 22 October 2016) was a Japanese billionaire businessman, and the founder and chairman of Sankyo, one of the three major pachinko machine makers in Japan.
According to Forbes in January 2015, he had an estimated net worth of US$4.2 billion. He died in October 2016 at the age of 91.
# Shlomo HaKohen of Greece

Shlomo Hacohen of Greece may refer to two people:
* Rabbi Shlomo Hacohen author of responsa, published Salonika-Venice 1586–1730.
* Another Shlomo Hacohen, possibly ca. 1800, mekubal and posek, known for his commentary to the kabbalistic works of Isaac Luria. This Shlomo's son, Yehudah HaKohen also published a kabbalistic work Ashmoret HaBoker (1853), and a halakhic work Oholei Yehudah (1843), on the Mishneh Torah of Maimonides.
# Alexandre Maurice Blanc de Lanautte, Comte d'Hauterive

Alexandre Maurice Blanc de Lanautte, Comte d'Hauterive (1754–1830), a French statesman and diplomat, was born at Aspres (Hautes-Alpes) on the 14 April 1754 and educated at Grenoble, where he became a professor. Later, he held a similar position at Tours, where he attracted the attention of the duc de Choiseul, who invited him to visit him at Chanteloup.
Hauterive came into contact with noblemen who visited the duke. One of them, the comte de Choiseul-Gouffier, took Hauterive with him on his appointment as ambassador to Constantinople in 1784. Hauterive was enriched for a time by his marriage with a widow, Madame de Marchais, but was ruined by the French Revolution. In 1790, he applied for and received the post of consul at New York. Under the Consulate, however, he was accused of embezzlement and recalled. Although the charge was proven to be false, he was not reinstated.
In 1798, after trying his hand at farming in America, Hauterive was appointed to a post in the French foreign office. In that capacity, he made a sensation by his De l'état de la France, à la fin de l'an VIII (1800), which he had been commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte to draw up as a manifesto to foreign nations after the coup d'etat of the 18th Brumaire. That won him the confidence of Bonaparte, and he was employed in drawing up many of the more important documents. In 1805, he was made a councillor of state and member of the Légion d'Honneur, and between 1805 and 1813, he was more than once temporarily minister of foreign affairs. He attempted though in vain to use his influence to moderate Napoleon's policy, especially in the matter of Spain and the treatment of the pope.
In 1805, a difference of opinion with Talleyrand on the question of the Austrian alliance, which Hauterive favoured, led to his withdrawal from the political side of the ministry of foreign affairs, and he was appointed keeper of the archives of the same department. In that capacity, he did very useful work and, after the Restoration continued at the request of the duc de Richelieu, his work being recognised by his election as a member of the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in 1820. He died in Paris on 28 July 1830.
# Marginal artery of the colon

In human anatomy, the marginal artery of the colon, also known as the marginal artery of Drummond, the artery of Drummond, and simply as the marginal artery, is an artery that connects the inferior mesenteric artery with the superior mesenteric artery. It is sometimes absent, as an anatomical variant.

## Structure

The marginal artery runs in the mesentery close to the large intestine as part of the vascular arcade that connects the superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery. It provides an effective anastomosis between these two arteries for the large intestine.

### Variation

The marginal artery is almost always present, and its absence should be considered a variant.

## Clinical significance
### Removal of the inferior mesenteric artery

Along with branches of the internal iliac arteries, it is usually sufficiently large to supply the oxygenated blood to the large intestine. This means that the inferior mesenteric artery does not have to be re-implanted (re-attached) into the repaired abdominal aorta in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

### Arc of Riolan

The Arc of Riolan (Riolan's arcade, Arch of Riolan, Haller's anastomosis), also known as the meandering mesenteric artery, is another vascular arcade present in the colonic mesentery that connect the proximal middle colic artery with a branch of the left colic artery. This artery is found low in the mesentery, near the root. In the setting of chronic ischemic colitis, both the marginal artery and the meandering mesenteric artery may be enlarged significantly, and may provide significant blood flow to the ischemic colonic segment.

## History

The marginal artery is also known as the marginal artery of Drummond.
# Kisii Airport

Kisii Airport is an airport in Kisii County, Kenya.

## Location

Kisii Airport (IATA: n/a, ICAO: HKKS) is located in Suneka District, Kisii County, in the town of Suneka which is approx 8 km from Kisii Town a major commercial Hub, in southwestern Kenya, on the eastern shores of Lake Victoria, close to the International borders with Tanzania and Uganda. This is the only airstrip in Kisii and Nyamira counties.
Its location is approximately 251 kilometres (156 mi), by air, northwest of Nairobi International Airport, the country's largest civilian airport. The geographic coordinates of this airport are:0° 40' 21.00"S, 34° 41' 20.00"E (Latitude:-0.672500; Longitude:34.688890).

## Overview

Kisii Airport is a small civilian airport, serving the southwestern Kenya'n town of Kisii, and surrounding communities. Situated at 4,898 feet (1,493 m) above sea level, the airport has a single asphalt runway 10-28 which measures 3,210 feet (980 m) in length.

## Airlines and destinations

There is no regular, scheduled airline service to Kisii Airport at this time.
# Drina (cigarette)

Drina is a Bosnian brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the Sarajevo Tobacco Factory. The brand is named after the Drina river, which forms a part of the international border between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## History

The brand was founded after the end of World War II in the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The brand quickly became one of the most popular cigarette brands in Yugoslavia, similar to brands such as Morava and Drava. The brand is one of the few ex-Yugoslavian cigarette brands that survived the breakup of Yugoslavia and is still sold today, being the best-selling brand in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The brand is unique as it uses special Ravnjak tobacco instead of traditional Virginia or Burley tobacco.

## Markets

Drina was or still is being sold in the following countries: Switzerland, Austro-Hungarian Bosnia, Monarchist Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia, Socialist Republic of Croatia, Socialist Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro, Serbia, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Variants

* Drina Denifine
* Drina Jedina
* Drina Gold
* Drina Silver
Below are all the current brands of Drina cigarettes sold, with the levels of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide included.
| Pack | Tar | Nicotine | Carbon monoxide |
| Drina Denifine | 10 mg | 0,9 mg | 10 mg |
| Drina Jedina | 10 mg | 0,8 mg | 10 mg |
| Drina Gold | 8 mg | 0,6 mg | 10 mg |
| Drina Silver | 4 mg | 0,4 mg | 6 mg |
# Saint Jonas's Festival

Saint Jonas' Festival, also known as Rasos (Dew Holiday), Joninės, Kupolė, Midsummer Day or Saint John's Day) is a midsummer folk festival celebrated on 24 June all around Lithuania.

## Background

While midsummer day is celebrated throughout Europe, many Lithuanians have a particularly lively agenda on this day. The traditions include singing songs and dancing until the sun sets, telling tales, searching to find the magic fern blossom at midnight, jumping over bonfires, greeting the rising midsummer sun and washing the face with a morning dew, young girls float flower wreaths on the water of rivers or lakes.
For thousands of years, Balts, the ancestors of the Lithuanians, have celebrated the summer solstice (Rasa to the Lithuanians) by offering sacrifices to the pagan gods, and priestesses light the altar fire. This tradition still continues to this day. The ritual is usually performed by members of Romuva.
When Christianity came to Lithuania, it brought with it the celebration of Saint John's Day and while Christians celebrate Joninės (St. John's) in the local language, Christians, Romuviai, and those with other beliefs all celebrate Rasos together. Lithuanians with the names Jonas, Jonė, Janina receive many greetings from their family, relatives and friends.
# Shijing, Loudi

Shijing Town (simplified Chinese: 石井镇; traditional Chinese: 石井鎮; pinyin: Shíjǐng Zhèn) is a rural town in Louxing District of Loudi City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 37,900 and an area of 65-square-kilometre (25 sq mi).

## History

In 2015, Baimu Township was merged into Shijing Town.

## Administrative division

The town is divided into 16 villages, the following areas: Tanjia Village, Zushi Village, Baiyunshi Village, Dayue Village, Sangui Village, Douguang Village, Shijing Village, Huilong Village, Songjiang Village, Huanjiang Village, Shijiang Village, Shuikou Village, Jiaolong Village, Zexi Village, Shanquan Village, and Jiangxi Village (谭家村、祖师村、白云石村、大跃村、三圭村、斗光村、石井村、回龙村、松江村、环江村、石江村、水口村、蛟龙村、泽溪村、山泉村、江溪村).

## Geography

The town shares a border with Dutoutang Town of Lianyuan to the west, Lianbin Subdistrict to the east, Qiaotouhe Town to the north, and Shuidongdi Town to the south.

## Transportation
### Provincial Highway

Provincial Highway S312 travels through the town west to east.

### Railway

A north-south railway runs through the east of the town.
# David Wrigley

David Wrigley is a British medical doctor who works as a general practitioner (GP) in Lancashire and is the deputy chair of the British Medical Association (BMA) Council. He is a member of the Labour Party and Socialist Health Association.

## Early life

Wrigley was born in Blackpool. He was educated at St Mary's RC High School, Blackpool, leaving at 16 to work in a high-street bank. Then, at the age of 21, he left Barclays Bank and studied full-time for A-levels. He gained a place at Sheffield Medical School in 1992, graduating with a medical degree in 1997.

## Career

He worked as a junior doctor in Oban, Chesterfield and Lancaster before becoming a GP at Ash Trees Surgery in Carnforth where he has worked since 2002.
In 2002, he was elected to the BMA's General Practitioner's Committee (GPC) as a regional representative for Lancashire and Cumbria. The following year he was elected to the Council of the BMA. He became a Trustee of the Cameron Fund (benevolent charity) in 2009, and was Treasurer from 2011-2017. He was an outspoken critic of the Health and Social Care Act 2012.
He lost his seat on BMA council in 2012, but was elected again in April 2014.
He was the chair of Doctors in Unite, also known as the Medical Practitioners' Union from 2015–2018.
He was deputy chair of the Council of the BMA from 2016–2017 and was re-elected deputy chair in August 2018.

## Books

Wrigley was a contributor to the book NHS SOS: How the NHS Was Betrayed and How We Can Save It, edited by Jacky Davis and Raymond Tallis, published in 2013 by Oneworld Publications (ISBN 9781780743288). The book outlines how the Health & Social Care Act came about due to the failings of politicians, the media and medical leaders in the UK.
He co-authored NHS for Sale with Jacky Davis and John Lister which was published in 2014 by Merlin Press (ISBN 978-0-85036-627-3). The book debunks the myths put about by politicians such as 'the private sector is more efficient than the public sector' or 'we are not privatising the NHS'. It explains how cuts and closures are impacting on the NHS and how politicians have pushed these changes through due to their ideological policies.
# La Quina

La Quina is a Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic site in Gardes-le-Pontaroux, Charente, France. Two Neanderthal skulls were found there, La Quina 5 and La Quina 18. It is the type site of the Quina Mousterian.
It was discovered in 1872, and was classified as a French monument historique in 1984.
# Donald Shaw (academic)

Donald Leslie Shaw (February 11, 1930 – January 30, 2017 in Italy) was a writer, literary critic, and the Brown-Forman Professor of Latin American Literature at the University of Virginia. He graduated from the University of Manchester (B.A., M.A.) and Trinity College Dublin (Ph.D.). Shaw resided in Italy and would spend each academic semester in Charlottesville, Virginia.
He authored several books, including A Literary History of Spain: The Nineteenth Century and A companion to modern Spanish American fiction Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK; Rochester, N.Y.: Tamesis, 2002. ISBN 1-85566-078-4. Also, he wrote The generation of 1898 in Spain, London, E. Benn, 1975. He wrote extensively on, and taught a course about, Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges.
Donald Leslie Shaw died on January 30, 2017, in Bologna, Italy.
# Marginal concepts

In economics, marginal concepts are associated with a specific change in the quantity used of a good or service, as opposed to some notion of the over-all significance of that class of good or service, or of some total quantity thereof.

## Marginality

Constraints are conceptualized as a border or margin. The location of the margin for any individual corresponds to his or her endowment, broadly conceived to include opportunities. This endowment is determined by many things including physical laws (which constrain how forms of energy and matter may be transformed), accidents of nature (which determine the presence of natural resources), and the outcomes of past decisions made both by others and by the individual himself or herself.
A value that holds true given particular constraints is a marginal value. A change that would be affected as or by a specific loosening or tightening of those constraints is a marginal change, as large as the smallest relevant division of that good or service. For reasons of tractability, it is often assumed in neoclassical analysis that goods and services are continuously divisible. In such context, a marginal change may be an infinitesimal change or a limit. However, strictly speaking, the smallest relevant division may be quite large.

## Some important marginal concepts

The marginal use of a good or service is the specific use to which an agent would put a given increase, or the specific use of the good or service that would be abandoned in response to a given decrease.
The marginal utility of a good or service is the utility of the specific use to which an agent would put a given increase in that good or service, or of the specific use that would be abandoned in response to a given decrease. In other words, marginal utility is the utility of the marginal use.
The marginal rate of substitution is the rate of substitution that is the least favorable rate, at the margin, at which an agent is willing to exchange units of one good or service for units of another.
A marginal benefit is a benefit (howsoever ranked or measured) associated with a marginal change.
The term “marginal cost” may refer to an opportunity cost at the margin, or more narrowly to marginal pecuniary cost — that is to say marginal cost measured by forgone cash flow.
Other marginal concepts include (but are not limited to):
* marginal physical product (sometimes also known as “marginal product”)
** marginal product of labor
** marginal product of capital
* marginal rate of transformation, the rate at which one output or result must be sacrificed in order to increase another output or result
* marginal revenue product
* marginal propensity to save and consume
* marginal tax rate
* marginal efficiency of capital
Marginalism is the use of marginal concepts to explain economic phenomena.
The related concept of elasticity is the ratio of the incremental percentage change in one variable with respect to an incremental percentage change in another variable.
# Selden, Virginia

Selden is an unincorporated community in Gloucester County, in the U. S. state of Virginia.
Site 44GL103-Quest End was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.