OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Nyzio

David Nyzio (born 1958) is an American artist whose work bridges the gap between art and science.
He was born in Massachusetts, received a BFA from Southeastern Massachusetts University (North Dartmouth, Massachusetts) in 1982 and received an MFA from Pratt Institute (Brooklyn, New York) in 1986. The artist lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.
Nyzio is best known for his use of plants, especially the blue-green algae cyanobacteria Oscillatoria. Adventures in Articulation I, in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art, is a self-portrait rendered in algae. To create this work, the artist suspended a glass negative over a tank of water containing algae and a sheet of paper. An overhead light caused the algae to grow on the paper only where the light could pass through the negative.
# Schneepart

Schneepart (rendered in English as Snow Part) is a 1971 German-language poetry collection by Paul Celan. It was published in an English translation in 2007.

## Publication

The book was published in Germany posthumously in 1971 by Suhrkamp Verlag. 24 of the 70 poems were translated to English by Katharine Washburn and Margret Guillemin for the 1986 collection of Celan in English, Last Poems. The full work appeared in English, together with translations of a further 20 posthumous poems, in 2007 as Snow Part: Schneepart and Other Poems, in a translation by Ian Fairley, which won the Schlegel-Tieck Prize for translation from German. Fairley states in his introduction that the 'part' of the title should be interpreted as meaning 'the role of snow' rather than 'a constituent element of snow'.

## Reception

James Buchan of The Guardian wrote in 2007 of Ian Fairley's translation of the poems: "I do not think that Celan was a sort of verse Heinrich Böll, who set himself to rid written German of National Socialist patterns of speech and writing....Only when language is utterly disabled, it seems, can it articulate, in some abandoned region at the end of space and history, a fugitive echo of reality." Buchan continued: "The language of Schneepart is not merely purged of inherited content or meaning. It has shed all logic. ... Some of Fairley's versions are extremely beautiful...."
# Algeria Davis Cup team

The Algeria Davis Cup team represents Algeria in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Fédération Algerienne de Tennis.
Algeria currently compete in Africa Zone Group III.

## History

Algeria competed in its first Davis Cup in 1976.

## Current team (2022)

* Rayan Ghedjemis
* Samir Hamza Reguig
* Toufik Sahtali
* Aymen Abderrahmene Ali Moussa
* Mohamed Amine Aissa Khelifa
# Maningoza Special Reserve

Maningoza Special Reserve is a 9,826 hectares (24,280 acres) wildlife reserve near Besalampy in Madagascar. It was created in 1956 to protect the many endemic plants and animals, and it also contains some of the last remaining areas of dry deciduous forest on the island.

## Geography

The Maningoza Special Reserve was established in 1956 and is in the Melaky Region of Madagascar. The reserve is to the east of Antsalova and the nearest hotel accommodation is in Besalampy. It can be reached by boat on the Manambolo River although the reserve is only accessible to tourists during the dry season. It contains one of the last remaining areas of dry tropical forest on the island and has a dry climate with an average temperature of 24 °C (75 °F). The annual rainfall is 1,100 mm (43 in) and mostly falls during the monsoon season which is between November and April. The forest grows on iron-rich (or ferralitic) soil which forms due to the chemical weathering of most of the minerals; except for quartz. There is an accumulation of secondary minerals and clays such as gibbiste, goethite and kaolinite, and an accumulation of humus. The people living in the villages around the reserve, are dependent for its resources and use the land for grazing zebu, and grow cassava, maize and rice.

## Flora and fauna

The largest habitat, within the reserve is 5,611 hectares (13,870 acres) is subtropical moist forest which is some of the last remaining in Madagascar. There is also over 2,600 hectares (6,400 acres) of savanna including a small area with palm trees and 7 hectares (17 acres) of bamboo. The birds are poorly studied with fifty-two species recorded including twenty-five endemics. A number are of conservation concern, such as Schlegel's asity (Philepitta schlegeli) which is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as near threatened due to habitat loss. Other resident birds include the giant coua (Coua gigas), Coquerel's coua (Coua coquereli), sickle-billed vanga (Falculea palliata) and the Sakalava weaver (Ploceus sakalava).
Of the fifteen species of mammal on the reserve, five are lemurs. Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi) is of most concern to the IUCN which is considered to be endangered, and the common brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus) which is near threatened. The other lemurs are, the eastern lesser bamboo lemur (Hapalemur griseus), gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) and the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius).
It is crossed by the Manambolo River.
# Maniero

Maniero is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Felice Maniero (born 1954), Italian crime boss
* Filippo Maniero (born 1972), Italian footballer
* Luca Maniero (disambiguation), multiple people
* Riccardo Maniero (born 1987), Italian footballer
# Sam Sam Etetegwung

Hon. Sam Sam Etetegwung is a Nigerian politician and former member of the Rivers State House of Assembly, Andoni constituency between 2007 and 2011. He was appointed by the former Governor of Rivers State, H.E Rotimi Amaechi, as the Special adviser on Primary Education. In 2021, Etetegwung became the Secretary of the All Progressives Congress in Rivers State.
# Katerina Nurdzhieva

Katerina Nurdzhieva (Bulgarian: Катерина Трайкова Нурджиева; Macedonian: Катерина Трајкова Нурџиева) 18 October 1922 – 12 October 2018) was a fighter in the Communist resistance in Vardar Macedonia and a Macedonian national activist. She was an honorary citizen of the town Delčevo in the Republic of Macedonia. She considered herself and is known for being a Macedonian. In Bulgaria she is considered a Bulgarian.

## Biography

Nurdzhieva was born in Gorna Dzhumaja (today Blagoevgrad) in Bulgaria in 1922. She was the granddaughter of Goce Delchev's first cousin. She finished school in 1943 and was sent as teacher in Štip, then under Bulgarian control. Because she was involved in a Communist conspiracy, she was detained and imprisoned in Štip and then deported on the Aegean island of Thassos, then also annexed by Bulgaria.
In the autumn of 1944, she participated in the battles for the liberation of Macedonia from the Germans, with the 12th Macedonian Brigade formed in the mid of September near Veles. After the communists took power over the area in November, she worked again as a teacher, and was later transferred to the Macedonian General Headquarters in Skopje. After a while she became Secretary of Metodija Andonov-Cento, by personal recommendation of Pavel Shatev.
After the arrest of Andonov-Cento in 1946, she was forced by the new Macedonian authorities to move back to Bulgaria, accused of being pro-Bulgarian. Nurdzhieva died in October 2018 at the age of 95.
# Dabethuwa

Dabethuwa is a village in Varanasi tehsil of Varanasi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is about 294 kilometres from the state capital Lucknow and 776 kilometres from the national capital Delhi.

## Demography

Dabethuwa has a total population of 757 people amongst 106 families. Sex ratio of Dabethuwa is 897 and child sex ratio is 1,034. Uttar Pradesh state average for both ratios is 912 and 902 respectively.
| Details | Male | Female | Total | Comments |
| Number of houses | – | – | 106 | (census 2011) |
| Adult | 340 | 297 | 637 | (census 2011) |
| Children (0–6 years) | 59 | 61 | 120 | (census 2011) |
| Total population | 399 | 358 | 757 | (census 2011) |
| Literacy | 89.12% | 70.71% | 80.53% | (census 2011) |

## Transportation

Dabethuwa can be accessed by road only as it does not have a railway station. Closest railway station to this village is Bhadohi (23 km). Nearest operational airports are Varanasi airport (38 kilometres) and Allahabad Airports (114 kilometres).
# Kasba Lake

Kasba Lake is a lake in the northern Canadian wilderness. The majority of the lake lies within the Northwest Territories, but a small section is in Nunavut. The lake is close to Canada's four corners. A seasonal fishing lodge is open to tourists each summer.
# Maphefo Mogale-Letsie

Maphefo Sarah Mogale-Letsie, also known as Sarah Madinge-Letsie, is a South African politician who has represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the Gauteng Provincial Legislature since 2021. She was formerly the Mayor of Merafong City from 2011 until March 2021, when her party removed her from office after she was implicated in the VBS Mutual Bank scandal.

## Mayor of Mogale

From 2011 to 2021, Mogale-Letsie was Executive Mayor of Merafong City Local Municipality; she was re-elected to a second term in the office after the 2016 local elections. In addition, in July 2018, she was elected Regional Chairperson of the ANC's branch in the West Rand.
During her tenure in office, the municipality invested R50 million in VBS Mutual Bank, in contravention of laws prohibiting such investments by municipalities. The internal Integrity Committee of the ANC's Gauteng branch investigated her involvement. In August 2020, the committee reported that it had not found evidence of corruption but nonetheless recommended that Mogale-Letsie should "step aside" because of her "failure to take action" against municipal officials involved in corruption. She was instructed to resign as mayor and decline any further nomination to public office. The Mail & Guardian said that she and Boyce Maneli, the former West Rand Mayor who was also asked to step aside, were "considered the fall guys for the ANC".
Both Mogale-Letsie and Maneli refused to follow the Integrity Committee's recommendation and sought to appeal the decision, but, on 31 March 2021, the Mogale council removed Mogale-Letsie from her position as mayor. The opposition Democratic Alliance said that her removal, which had been supported by the ANC's majority caucus, had not been effected according to proper procedure.

## Provincial legislature

Mogale-Letsie remained an ordinary local councilor in Merafong until 7 September 2021, when she resigned from the council. Later the same afternoon, she was sworn into the Gauteng Provincial Legislature under the alias Sarah Madinge-Letsie; she filled a casual vacancy in the ANC caucus.
In February 2022, the ANC's National Dispute Resolution Committee cleared Mogale-Letsie of wrongdoing in the VBS saga, overturning the earlier order for her to step aside. In contradiction to the provincial Integrity Committee, the national committee found that Mogale-Letsie, while mayor, had acted swiftly to investigate and respond to the VBS allegations.
# Mantra (Shelter album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Drowned in Sound | 9/10 |
Mantra is an album by New York City hardcore punk band Shelter. Released in 1995, it was the band's first album for Roadrunner.
Lyrically the album focuses mainly on Hare Krishna religious philosophy and social commentary on Western civilization — including a manifesto entitled Supersoul in the album's booklet, authored by band's frontman Ray Cappo. The first song, "Message of the Bhagavad", is introduced by an excerpt of a Bhagavad Gita verses reading.
Mantra was distributed in Brazil featuring two bonus tracks, expanding the listing from 11 to 13. Howerever, the lyrics for tracks #12 and #13 were not included in the booklet. By the time of the release, the band hadn't played live in the country yet, which happened for the first time in 1996.

## Critical reception

Trouser Press wrote that Cappo "is an articulate and principled spokesman for transcendental thought set to a tough 4/4 beat." In a retrospective review, Ox-Fanzine called Mantra "a tame rock album from another time."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Shelter except where noted
# Dag Bjørndalen

Dag Bjørndalen (born 2 April 1970) is a former Norwegian biathlete. He is the older brother of Ole Einar Bjørndalen. His biggest triumph as a biathlete is the silver medal he won in the relay in the 1998 Olympics in Nagano (together with his brother Ole Einar, Halvard Hanevold and Egil Gjelland). He was also part of the team that won the team event in the 1995 World Championships.
# Samabula Tamavua (Open Constituency, Fiji)

Samabula Tamavua Open is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 25 open constituencies that were elected by universal suffrage (the remaining 46 seats, called communal constituencies, were allocated by ethnicity). Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. It was located in the Greater Suva metropolitan area.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.

## Election results

In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).

### 1999

| Candidate | Political party | Votes (primary) | % | Votes (final) | % |
| Tupeni Baba | Fiji Labour Party (FLP) | 5,361 | 40.38 | 7,750 | 58.37 |
| James Raghwan Raman | National Federation Party (NFP) | 4,726 | 35.59 | 5,528 | 41.63 |
| Raymond Nair | Christian Democratic Alliance (VLV) | 1,269 | 9.56 | ... | ... |
| Viliame Saulekaleka Tunidau | Fijian Association Party (FAP) | 1,024 | 7.71 | ... | ... |
| Sovea Tabua | Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei (SVT) | 565 | 4.26 | ... | ... |
| Peceli Vuniwa | Nationalist Vanua Tako Lavo Party (NVTLP) | 333 | 2.99 | ... | ... |
| Total | Total | 13,278 | 100.00 | 13,278 | 100.00 |

### 2001

| Candidate | Political party | Votes (primary) | % | Votes (final) | % |
| Manoa Dobui | Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL) | 3,597 | 30.66 | 6,611 | 56.36 |
| Tomasi Canuwale | Fiji Labour Party (FLP) | 4,008 | 34.17 | 5,119 | 43.64 |
| Tupeni Baba | New Labour Unity Party (NLUP) | 1,834 | 15.64 | ... | ... |
| Taufa Vakatale | Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei (SVT) | 848 | 7.23 | ... | ... |
| James Raghwan Raman | National Federation Party (NFP) | 811 | 6.91 | ... | ... |
| Viliame Saulekaleka Tunidau | Dodonu ni Taukei (DNT) | 632 | 5.39 | ... | ... |
| Total | Total | 11,730 | 100.00 | 11,730 | 100.00 |

### 2006

| Candidate | Political party | Votes (primary) | % | Votes (final) | % |
| Monica Raghwan | Fiji Labour Party (FLP) | 5,332 | 40.15 | 7,162 | 53.93 |
| Tupeni Baba | Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL) | 5,939 | 44.72 | 6,118 | 46.07 |
| Filipe Bole | National Alliance Party (NAPF) | 961 | 7.24 | ... | ... |
| Pramod Rae | National Federation Party (NFP) | 666 | 5.02 | ... | ... |
| Manoa Dobui | United Peoples Party (UPP) | 290 | 2.18 | ... | ... |
| Pita Kewa Nacuva | Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL) | 92 | 0.69 | ... | ... |
| Total | Total | 13,280 | 100.00 | 13,280 | 100.00 |

## Sources

* Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
* Fiji Facts
# Amtsberge

The Amtsberge are a small ridge of hills, up to 392.2 m above sea level (NN), near Dassel in southern Lower Saxony in Germany.

## Geography

The densely wooded ridge of the Amtsberge is located on the boundary between the districts of Northeim (which is home to the larger part of the Amtsberge) and Holzminden (which contains the northwestern portion of the Amtsberge) and also on the boundary between the Leine Uplands to the east and the Weser Uplands to the west. It lies northeast of the Solling range between Stadtoldendorf in the northwest, the Homburg Forest in the north-northwest, the Elfas to the north-northeast, Dassel to the south and the ridge of Holzberg to the west, from which it is only separated by the little valley of the Teichbach stream.
Several streams rise within the Amtsberge that are tributaries of the rivers Weser and Leine. The northwestern foothills of the Amtsberge are passed by the upper reaches of the River Lenne (an eastern tributary of the Weser) flowing northwest. The southern end of the hills is passed by the middle reaches of the Spüligbach (northwestern tributary of the Ilme) heading southeast. To the east are the middle reaches of the Bewer.

### Hills

Amongst the hills of the Amtsberge are the following − sorted by height in metres above sea level (NN):
* Belzer Berg (392.2 m) *
* Hatop (370.4 m)
* Teichklippe (up to 350 m)
* Wendeberg (343.6 m)
* Heimkenberg (320.4 m)
* Hill crowned by Hunnesrück castle ruins (317.0 m)
* Rothenberg (270 m)
* a trigonometric point (at 375.6 m) lies on the northwest slope of the Belzer Berg

### Streams and rivers

Amongst the streams and rivers in and around the Amtsberge are the:
* Bewer (northwestern tributary of the Ilme)
* Lenne (eastern tributary of the Weser)
* Reißbach (western tributary of the Bewer)
* Spüligbach (northwestern tributary of the Ilme)
* Teichbach (northern tributary of the Spüligbach)

### Places

Places in and on the Amtsberge:
* Dassel – to the south
* Heinade – to the west
* Stadtoldendorf – to the northwest
* Wangelnstedt – to the north

## Places of interest

Apart from the charm of its woods, the places of interest in the Amtsberge include the Teichklippe crags, that are located on the ridge between Mackensen and Denkiehausen, and the ruins of Hunnesrück Castle, that lie south of the ridge north of Dassel and between Mackensen and Hunnesrück.
# Kalem (magazine)

Kalem (Ottoman Turkish: Pen) was a bilingual weekly political satire magazine which was in circulation in the period 1908–1911 in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire. The magazine was one of the satirical publications which were started immediately after the end of Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid's strict rule. It was published in Turkish and French languages and was one of the most notable satirical magazines in the Empire in terms of the quality cartoons. In addition, it is the first Ottoman publication which employed the word cartoon and attempted to develop a definition for it.

## History and profile

Kalem was established in Istanbul in 1908 as a bilingual satirical magazine covering both Turkish and French materials, and its first issue appeared in September that year. Its founders were Salah Cimcoz and Celal Esat Arseven. Lucien Sciuto, a Salonican Jewish journalist, was the editor of the magazine which employed large number of cartoonists who produced rich cartoon styles. The magazine introduced the concept of modern cartoons in terms of lines and captions used. Because before Kalem cartoon was considered to be just painting by the journalists in the Ottoman Empire.
One of the major contributors was Cemil Cem who started his journalistic career in Kalem which targeted educated Ottomans. Another contributor was Refik Halit Karay. There were also international contributors of Kalem one of whom was Henri Yan, a French journalist. In October 1908 the magazine reported its circulation as 13,000 copies. In the same date Kalem published a caricature of German Emperor Wilhelm II who was featured as a two-faced man deceiving the Ottoman Empire. Due to this caricature the issue of the magazine was confiscated and the owner, Salah Cimcoz, was arrested for a short time upon the request of the German embassy in Istanbul. Kalem folded in June 1911.
In 2019 the University of Texas at Austin organized an exhibition on Kalem magazine and the political cartoons published in the magazine. The print editions of the magazine are archived at the University.
# Doubting Thomas (disambiguation)

A doubting Thomas is a skeptic who refuses to believe without direct personal experience.
Doubting Thomas may also refer to:

## People and fictional characters

* Thomas the Apostle, apostle of Jesus, basis of the skeptic
* Thomas (activist) (1947–2009), "Doubting" Thomas, anti-nuclear and anti-war activist
* Doubting Thomas, a pal of Lord Snooty

## Art

* The Incredulity of Saint Thomas, a painting by Caravaggio
* The Incredulity of Saint Thomas, a triptych painting by Peter Paul Rubens
* The Incredulity of Saint Thomas, a painting by Francesco Salviati
* The Incredulity of Saint Thomas, a painting by Matthias Stom
* Christ and St. Thomas, a bronze statue by Andrea del Verrocchio
* Doubting Thomas (The Incredulity of St. Thomas), a painting by Adriaen van der Werff formerly in the Hope Collection of Pictures

## Film and television

* Doubting Thomas (1935 film), an American comedy film
* Spy School, aka Doubting Thomas, a 2008 children's film

## Literature

* Doubting Thomas, a book by Morris Gleitzman

## Music

* Doubting Thomas (band), a side project of Canadian group Skinny Puppy
* Doubting Thomas (Charlotte band)
* "Doubting Thomas", a song from Why Should the Fire Die?
# Akrali

Akrali is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Khanapur taluk of Belgaum district in Karnataka.
# Six Gun Man

Six Gun Man is a 1946 American Western film written and directed by Harry L. Fraser. The film stars Bob Steele, Syd Saylor, Jimmy Martin, Jean Carlin, I. Stanford Jolley, Brooke Temple, Bud Osborne and Budd Buster. The film was released on February 1, 1946, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

## Cast

* Bob Steele as Bob 'Stormy' Storm
* Syd Saylor as Syd 'Rawhide' McTavish
* Jimmy Martin as Tim Hager
* Jean Carlin as Laura Barton
* I. Stanford Jolley as Matt Haley
* Brooke Temple as Ed Slater
* Bud Osborne as Sam Elkins
* Budd Buster as Joe Turner
* Stanley Blystone as Lon Kelly
* Roy Brent as Slim Peters
* Steve Clark as Sheriff Jennings
* Dorothy Whitmore as Mrs. Barton