OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harold E. B. Pardee

Harold Ensign Bennet Pardee (December 11, 1886 – February 28, 1973) was an American cardiologist and pioneer in electrocardiogram research.

## Biography

Pardee was born on December 11, 1886, to Ensign Bennet Pardee, a physician. He was a grandnephew of Charles Inslee Pardee, former dean of the New York Medical College, and a direct descendant of William Brewster and William Bradford of the Plymouth Colony.
He received his A.B. from Columbia College at age 18 and then received a M.D. from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. While completing his internship at New York Hospital, Pardee began research on heart disease using Willem Einthoven's prototype electrocardiograph. In 1912, he started working at Medical Clinic of New York Hospital, which is now Weill Cornell Medical Center.
During World War I, Pardee served as a captain in the United States Army Medical Corps. He worked with British cardiologist Thomas Lewis to determine the symptoms of feigned or true heart seizure among patients.
Pardee was known for his research on the electrocardiographic recognition and characterization of myocardial infarction and ischemia. He was the first to describe the constant changes in electrocardiograms in coronary diseases in 1920, and he was the namesake of Pardee's sign, which is a takeoff of the T wave from the descending R wave that is above the electrocardiographic baseline, and Pardee's wave.
Pardee taught at Cornell University Medical College and the New York Polyclinic Medical School and Hospital. He was also a fellow of the American Medical Association.

## Personal life

Pardee married Dorothy Dwight Porter, daughter of Henry Hobart Porter, former president of American Water Works. She was a niece of Seton Porter, founder and chairman of National Distillers. Porter served as a nurse at the American Ambulance Hospital in Neuilly, France, and at a French hospital in Cogny, France, in 1916-17.
Pardee died on February 28, 1973, at his 770 Park Avenue apartment at age 86. His brother, Irving Hotchkiss Pardee, married Abby Rockefeller Mauzé until his death in 1949.
# Aghze Poya

Aghze Poya is a town in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. It is located at 33°9'18N 70°31'33E with an altitude of 580 metres (1906 feet).
# Escadron de Chasse 1/4 Dauphiné

Fighter Squadron 01-004 "Dauphiny" (French language: Escadron de chasse 01-004 "Dauphiné"), or EC 1/4, was a French Air Force squadron, last based at Air Base 116 Luxeuil-Saint Sauveur.

## History

The squadron was founded on 1 July 1947 to carry on the tradition of Fighter Group II/3. While initially stationed in Koblenz, Germany, the squadron was soon disembarked through Marseilles to participate in operations in French Indochina. The first mission in that theater was undertaken on 18 September 1947, and the unit continued operations for 16 months until it returned to Europe. Based in Germany from 1949 to 1961, the squadron was moved to Air Base 116 Luxeuil in France where it would remain until it was disbanded.
In 1972, the squadron was assigned the additional mission of tactical nuclear weapons delivery. Upon the dissolving of the 4th Wing which the squadron was a part of on 1 September 1991, the squadron was transferred to the direct control of the Strategic Air Forces Command, and within a few years, its primary mission became strategic nuclear strike. For this it was equipped with the Mirage 2000N armed with the ASMP missile.
The squadron was disbanded on 29 June 2010.

## Flights

* SPA 37 "Charognard"
* SPA 81 "Lévrier"
* SPA 92 "Lion de Belfort"

## Bases

* BA 194 Nha Trang
* BA 136 Friedrichshafen
* BA 136 Bremgarten
* BA 116 Luxeuil-Saint Sauveur

## Aircraft

* 1947-1948: Supermarine Spitfire
* 1949: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt
* 1949-1953: de Havilland Vampire
* 1954-1957: Dassault Ouragan
* 1957-1967: Republic F-84 Thunderstreak
* 1967-1988: Dassault Mirage IIIE
* 1988-2010: Dassault Mirage 2000N
# HMS Firedrake

Six ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Firedrake after the fire-breathing dragon of Anglo-Saxon mythology.
* HMS Firedrake (1688) was a 12-gun bomb vessel launched in 1688 and captured by the French in 1689.
* HMS Firedrake (1693) was a 12-gun bomb vessel launched in 1693. She foundered in 1710.
* HMS Firedrake (1741) was a 12-gun bomb vessel launched in 1741 and sold in 1763.
* HMS Firedrake (1794) was a fireship purchased in 1794 and sold in 1807.
* HMS Firedrake (1912) was an Acheron-class destroyer launched in 1912 and sold in 1921.
* HMS Firedrake (H79) was an F-class destroyer launched in 1934 and sunk in 1942.
# Amity, Ohio

Amity, Ohio may refer to:
* Amity, Knox County, Ohio, an unincorporated community
* Amity, Madison County, Ohio, an unincorporated community
* Amity, Montgomery County, Ohio, an unincorporated community
# Lawar

Lawar is a town and a nagar panchayat in Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Lawar had a population of 16,021. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Lawar has an average literacy rate of 48.5%, lower than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 55%, and female literacy is 42%. In Lawar, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Dimitrije Đorđević

Dimitrije Đorđević may refer to:
* Dimitrije Đorđević (historian)
* Dimitrije Đorđević, one of the founders of the Niš Committee
# Medicinal Chemistry (disambiguation)

Medicinal chemistry is a discipline involving chemistry and pharmacology.
Medicinal Chemistry may also refer to:
* Clinical chemistry, area of chemistry also known as medical biochemistry
* Medicinal Chemistry (Bentham Open journal), published by Bentham Open
* Medicinal Chemistry (OMICS Publishing Group journal), published by OMICS Publishing Group
# Harvest Bible College

Harvest Bible College was the first Pentecostal theological college accredited by the Australian government. In 2018 it merged with Alphacrucis College.
It was a private tertiary education provider, accredited by the Australian government, specialising in training for Christian ministry. It was non-denominational and Pentecostal in its theology and ethos.

## History

In 1985 there was no Pentecostal theological college in Victoria. In response to this, a British AOG pastor, Ps. Alun Davies, began Harvest Bible College on the property of the church he pastored. Initially, it ran as a non-government accredited college. With Dr Scott Wilson and then Dr Kameel Majdali as Principals, the College then became the first Pentecostal college in Australia to be accredited by the government, and the first to offer a Licentiate. At first, a Certificate IV in Ministry was accredited, then a Diploma in Ministry, then finally a Bachelor of Arts in Ministry or Biblical Studies.
After Dr Brendan Roach became Principal (2004) and then President (2011), the College accredited a Graduate Diploma in Theology, a Master of Arts in Ministry and a Doctorate of Ministry with the Australian government. The College also had campuses, in Queensland and Perth (Harvest West [Principal Ashley Crane] ), and abroad in Denmark, as well as smaller rural extension centres and online training. In 2014 the College moved its headquarters from the property of Faith Christian Church to its own building in Scoresby, Victoria.
Harvest consistently fulfilled its mission to Train Effective Ministry Worldwide to Serve Local Churches since 1985. For 33 years trained men and women to serve God in a variety of ministry roles and functions in and beyond the local church. Harvest trained 7,825 people and graduated 3,464 leaders for the kingdom of God. RTO 067 | CRICOS 01035C
Harvest Bible College merged with Alpha Crucis College in December 2018.

## Notable alumni

* Andrew Chan
# American: An Odyssey to 1947

American: An Odyssey to 1947 is a 2022 Canadian documentary film written, directed, edited, and produced by Danny Wu. The film is a compilation of stories on different Americans, most notably Orson Welles, and Franklin Roosevelt leading to the year 1947. The film premiered at the 2022 Newport Beach Film festival, followed by internationally at the 2023 Thessaloniki Documentary Festival. It was named one of film critic Jonathan Rosenbaum's best films of 2022.

## Synopsis

The film begins by exploring the early rise of Orson Welles, from his rise as a prodigy at the Todd School for Boys, to his arrival in Hollywood to direct Citizen Kane. Welles' ascension to stardom is juxtaposed with President Roosevelt's navigation of the Great Depression. As the story approaches World War II, a Japanese American boy named Howard Kakita travels abroad, and an African American soldier named Isaac Woodard enlists in the army. The film explores topics such as the Japanese internment camp, the Atomic bombing of Hiroshima, the emergence of the Civil rights movement, and the beginnings of the Cold War. In the end, as one American returns home, another American is forced to exile.

## Production

On November 10, 2021, it was reported that Canadian director Danny Wu would produce a new documentary to be about the politics of Orson Welles, with actor Simon Callow as one of the main storytellers, and that the relatives of Isaac Woodard would also appear in the film. UC Berkeley announced on October 22, 2022, that historian Gray Brechin will also be included in the film's storytellers.

## Release

On October 20, 2022, American premiered at the Newport Beach Film Festival. 10 days later, the film premiered at the Austin film festival where it was nominated for the grand jury award for "Best Documentary." On March 5, 2023, the film made their International premiere at the 25th Thessaloniki Documentary Festival, and soon after in Brazil at the It's All True International Documentary Festival in April. In August 2023, Gravitas Ventures acquired the North American distribution rights for a Sept 12 release. On September 26, 2024, the film held a special screening at the Truman Presidential Library.

## Reception

American: An Odyssey to 1947 has received positive reviews from critics. James Verniere of the Boston Herald called it a "valuable odyssey" that often notes cases of "intersection and symmetry". Tony Williams called it a “remarkable film” that “deserves distribution and future screenings in any respectable film class.” David Sterritt called it "a completely absorbing documentary". Leda Galanou for Flix reviewed the film as having "surprising depth" and showed "how parallel lives can shape each other without people ever meeting. " Andreas Kyrkos for I Avgi called the film "superbly crafted", and that it "respectfully and historically accurately investigates the hidden events of the 1940s." Jonathan Rosenbaum listed the film on his year end list for the "best films of 2022." Chuck Braverman put the film on his "best of 2023" list.
# Double-Function Form

Double-function form is a musical construction that allows for a collection of movements to be viewed as elements of a single larger musical form. The most famous example of this is Franz Liszt's Piano Sonata in B minor (1853). The sonata is composed as a single movement with about a half an hour's duration. The piece introduces some themes at the very outset of the piece which are manipulated and recapitulated over twenty minutes later. Charles Rosen believes that the work as whole fulfils his criterion for a sonata form. Moreover, within the one long sonata form, there exists a short sonata form, followed by a slow ternary, followed by a scherzo and fugue, followed by a finale. Thus, the single movement fulfills the standard of both a classical sonata form and a classical four movement piano sonata.
There are several other composers to whom the use of double-function forms is attributed. It is largely accepted that Schubert's Wanderer Fantasy (1822) for piano is the first widely heard piece that demonstrates this form. Arnold Schoenberg's first Chamber Symphony (1906) is an example of a major work that fulfills the criterion of a double-function form; this piece was modeled after Beethoven's string quartet in C-sharp minor (#14), which consists of seven connected movements (these however do not combine to create a clear larger form, and thus the quartet is not an example of double-function form).

## Sources

* Saffle, Michael. “Liszt's sonata in B minor: another look at the 'double function' question.” JALS: the journal of the American Liszt Society, 11 (June 1982): 28-39.
* Walker, Alan et al. "Liszt, Franz." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. 20 Nov. 2009. <http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/48265pg28> 17. B minor Piano Sonata.
* Winklhofr, Sharon. Liszt's Sonata in B minor; A Study of Autograph Sources and Documents. Ann Arbor, MI. UMI Research Press 1980.
# Asian Federation Against Involuntary Disappearances

The Asian Federation Against Involuntary Disappearances (AFAD) is an international human rights organization which focuses on the issue of forced disappearance in Asia. AFAD was founded on 4 June 1998 in Manila, Philippines. The federation was awarded the Asia Democracy and Human Rights Award in 2016.

## Members

According to the 2018 Annual report of AFAD, 13 organizations and one individual member are part of the federation.
* Advocacy Forum (Nepal)
* Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons (Jammu and Kashmir, India)
* Citizens' Alliance for North Korean Human Rights (South Korea)
* Commission for Missing Persons and Victims of Violence (Indonesia)
* Conflict Victims' Society for Justice (Nepal)
* Defence of Human Rights (Pakistan)
* Families of the Disappeared (Sri Lanka)
* Families of Victims of Involuntary Disappearance (Philippines)
* Free Jonas Burgos Movement (Philippines)
* Association of Families of the Disappeared (Indonesia)
* Justice for Peace Foundation (Thailand)
* Odhikar (Bangladesh)
* Relatives Committee of the May 1992 Heroes (Thailand)
* Ng Shui Meng - Individual member from Laos
# Mbonga

Mbonga may be,
* Mboa language
* Mamute Mbonga
# Laurence Andrewe

Laurence Andrewe (fl. 1510–1537), was a translator and printer. He was from Calais, then controlled by the English. He translated in 1510 ‘The noble life and natures of man, of besets, serpent's, fowles & fishes, yt be made known [col.] Translated be me Laurens Andrewe of the towne of Calis, in the famous cite of Andwarpe. Emprented be me John of Doesborowe [n.d.]’ folio (Hazlitt's Coll. and Notes, 1876, p. 474). He probably learned the art of printing from Jan van Doesborch or Peter Treveris (Ames's Typ. Ant. ed. Herbert, i.412), and practised for some time in London in Fleet Street, at the Golden Cross by Fleet Bridge.
There, in 1527, he printed his own translation of ‘The vertuose boke of Distyllacion of the waters of all maner of Herbes by Jherom Bruynswyke, and now newly translate out of Duyche,’ sm. folio. He appears to have translated other minor works which have not come down to us, as in the Prologue he observes: ‘After dyvers and sondry small volumes and tryfeles of myrth and pastaunce some newly composed, some translated and of late finished, [I am] now mynded to exercise my pene in mater to the reader some what more profitable.’ The book contains many woodcut illustrations of distilling apparatus with interesting figures and descriptions of plants.
It is this work which has given Andrewe the credit of producing an edition of the Grete Herball in 1527. He also printed, without a date, ‘The myrrour & dyscrypcion of the World,’ folio, a reproduction of the 1481 text of Caxton, with some of the original wood blocks. Herbert (Typ. Ant. iii.1786) says: ‘I have a fragment of Æsop's Fables, bound with his Myrrour, which seems to have been also printed by him.’ Another undated production of his press was ‘The Directory of Conscience,’ 4to. A work entitled ‘The Valuacion of Golde and Siluer. Made in the famous city of Antwarpe and newly translated into Englishe by me Laurens Andrewe … Emprentyd in the famous city of Andwarpe,’ without date or printer, is placed by Ames (Herbert's edition, i.412), who does not, however, appear to have seen it, at 1537, with the remark: ‘Mr. Oldis supposed as he was a printer it might be printed by him, but then he must have been at Antwerp at that time.’ Another edition of a similar work is given by Herbert (p. 1529) as of 1499, and described precisely. Although not an original author, Andrewe deserves consideration as one of the earliest of those who translated into English works on scientific subjects.
# Society of Editors

The Society of Editors is an industry body for around 400 UK national and regional media editors, representatives and organisations.

## History and organization

The Society has an elected president, chair and board of directors. It was formed by a merger of the Guild of Editors and the Association of the British Editors in April 1999. Its stated aim is "to influence debate on press and broadcasting freedom, ethics and the culture and business of news media." Its founding executive director was Bob Satchwell, former long-standing editor of the Cambridge News and its current executive director is Dawn Alford.
The Society engages in lobbying, campaigning and facilitating professional development on behalf of the news media industry in the UK.

## Response to Oprah with Meghan and Harry

On 10 March 2021, Ian Murray, the executive editor of the group, was interviewed by Victoria Derbyshire on BBC News. Contradicting claims made by Prince Harry during Oprah with Meghan and Harry, Murray said that "the UK media is not bigoted and will not be swayed from its vital role holding the rich and powerful to account". In response to this, several news organisations withdrew from the society's Press Awards, as did ITV presenter Charlene White, who had been due to host the event. More than 160 journalists also issued statements, disagreeing with Murray's claims. Murray resigned the following day. The Bureau of Investigative Journalism stated that the society's "statement denying bigotry and racism in the UK media shows a lack of awareness and understanding of deep-rooted and persistent problems that we see".
# McCardle

McCardle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carl McCardle (1904–1972), American journalist and public official, Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (1953–1957)
* Eliza McCardle Johnson (1810–1876), wife of President Andrew Johnson
* Fred McCardle (born 1951), Canadian politician, member of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (2003–2007)
* Peter McCardle (born 1955), New Zealand politician
* William Wilson McCardle (1844–1922), member of the New Zealand Legislative Council
# Amethyst Rock Star

Amethyst Rock Star is the debut solo studio album by Saul Williams. It was released by American Recordings in 2001. It peaked at number 135 on the French Albums Chart.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | |
| Drowned in Sound | 9/10 |
| Entertainment Weekly | B+ |
| NME | |
| Pitchfork | 8.1/10 |
| RapReviews.com | 8/10 |
Steve Kurutz of AllMusic gave the album 1.5 stars out of 5, saying: "Some of the language is downright laughable (see the trite themes of 'Fearless' for example) in any context, and the rest is mediocre at best." Kitty Empire of NME gave the album 3.5 stars out of 5, calling it "an ambitious collision of rock, hip-hop and spoken word, all united by a refusal to conform to the conventions of any of them."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Saul Williams, except where noted

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.
Musicians
* Saul Williams – vocals, co–production, arrangement
* Rick Rubin – production
* Musa Bailey – additional production (2), additional programming, turntables
* Krust – additional production (9)
* Esthero – vocals (4)
* Chad Smith – drums (7)
* Jerome Jordan – guitar, backing vocals
* Maximina Juson – bass guitar
* Maryam Blacksher – viola
* Nioka Workman – cello
* Kwame Brandt-Pierce – keyboards
* Chris Eddleton – drums
* Greg Gordon – recording
* Russell Elevado – recording, mixing
Technical personnel
* Marcia Jones – visual art
* Michael Crivello – visual art
* Brandy Flower – graphic design
* Michele Miller – photography
* B+ – photography
* Mei Lei – journals
* Dorothy E. Wilcox – penpal
* Lindsay Chase – coordination

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 135 |
# Dean Cadillac

Originally called E'Lite, the Dean Cadillac or Caddy is a guitar designed and created by Dean Guitars. It has a resemblance to the Dean ML, the Gibson Les Paul and the Gibson Explorer. It was released alongside the Dean ML, V and Z. Glen Drover of the band Megadeth is known for using this guitar, as well as Rob Barrett of Cannibal Corpse, Rich Williams and Kerry Livgren of Kansas from 1979 to 1983, John McFee of The Doobie Brothers, Pig Benis aka Jack Kilcoyne of Mushroomhead, Sascha Gerstner of Helloween and Jesse Penny of Steel Mistress. Also Eric Peterson from Testament used one of this guitar model in live performances.
The Dean Cadillac shape was also available as a bass guitar.

## 25th Anniversary model

The 25th Anniversary model of the Dean Cadillac was released in 2002, in a limited quantity of 100 guitars. The model had a flame-maple top, abalone fingerboard inlays, 24-karat gold plated hardware and a 25th Anniversary emblem on the headstock. The model claimed to be of the same quality that was originally reserved for Dean's top artist customers; the suggested retail price was below $3,000.
# Ethan Brown (businessman)

Ethan Walden Brown (born 1971) is an American executive who is the founder, president and CEO of Beyond Meat. Before founding Beyond Meat, Brown worked on alternative energy and electricity grid restructuring at the National Governors Association's Center for Best Practices before joining fuel cell manufacturer Ballard Power Systems.

## Early life and education

Brown grew up in and near Washington, D.C., and also spent time during his childhood on his family's farm in Maryland. He is a graduate of George School (Newtown, PA).
Brown holds an undergraduate degree from Connecticut College, a Master of Public Policy degree from the University of Maryland School of Public Policy, a school founded by his father Dr. Peter G. Brown, and a Master of Business Administration from Columbia Business School in 2008.

## Career
### Early career

Brown served as Vice Chairman of the Board at the National Hydrogen Association and Secretary of the U.S. Fuel Cell Council.

### Beyond Meat

In 2009, Brown visited a research center at the University of Missouri that was looking for additional uses for soybeans, a major Missouri resource. There, he met researchers Fu-hung Hsieh and Harold Huff, who were working on technology to replicate the texture of meat using plant proteins. Brown acquired the technology license for the process, and founded Beyond Meat in 2009. On May 2, 2019, Brown rang the opening bell at Nasdaq when Beyond Meat went public under the symbol BYND. Brown is also a director of The PLANeT Partnership, Beyond Meat's joint venture with PepsiCo.

## Awards and recognition

In 2014, Brown was listed on Fast Company's Most Creative People in Business 1000. In 2017, Brown was named an Aspen Institute Henry Crown Fellow. In 2018, Brown was selected as one of the UNEP's Champions of the Earth in the category of science and innovation for his "work towards reducing our dependence on animal-based foods." In 2019, Brown was listed on Bloomberg Media's 50 Most Influential ranking. Brown was also named that year to Well+Good's "2020 Changemakers" list.

## Personal life

Brown is married to Tracy Brown, has two children, and lives in Southern California. He became a vegetarian in high school and is now vegan. Brown is also an environmentalist.