OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cornelius C. Kubler

Cornelius C. Kubler (also known as Neil Kubler) is an academic in the disciplines of Chinese Linguistics and Chinese Language Pedagogy, an expert in Chinese dialects, and a polyglot who speaks twelve languages including English, German, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Cantonese and Japanese. He is the Stanfield Professor of Asian Studies at Williams College, former American Co-Director of the Johns Hopkins University-Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies in Nanjing, China, and a former American diplomat.

## Biography

Dr. Neil Kubler earned his undergraduate, master's and Ph.D. degrees in linguistics from Cornell University, writing his dissertation on the development and use of Taiwanese Mandarin, a subject he continues to research and write about. He earned a second master's degree in Chinese literature from National Taiwan University.
Kubler worked at the U.S. Department of State's Foreign Service Institute from 1980 to 1991, during which time, he served as Language Training Supervisor over Mandarin, Cantonese, Japanese and Mongolian. He also served as Principal of the advanced Chinese field school based in Taipei and as Chair of the Department of Asian and African Languages.
In 1991, he accepted an appointment as chair of the then Chinese and Asian Studies Program at Williams College, going on to chair the Department of Asian Studies, which he was instrumental in founding.
Kubler's other teaching appointments include at Eisenhower College, Portland State University, Middlebury College, National Taiwan Normal University, and the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Over the course of his career, he has authored or coauthored more than 15 books and more than 50 articles on Chinese language pedagogy and linguistics. He is a frequent reviewer and consultant for Chinese and Asian Studies programs in the U.S. and abroad. He has served as Chair of the Test Development Committee for the SAT Subject Test in Chinese and as member of the Executive Committee of the Association of Departments of Foreign Languages of the Modern Language Association.
Kubler served as 2014-2016 American Co-Director of the Hopkins–Nanjing Center, where he oversaw the 30th anniversary of the graduate center in 2016. During his tenure there, he also taught courses in Classical Chinese.

## Selected works

* Basic Mandarin Chinese: Reading & Writing (Tuttle Publishing, 2017)
* Intermediate Written Chinese 进阶中文读与写 (Tuttle Publishing, 2015)
* 500 Common Chinese Idioms: An Annotated Frequency Dictionary 成语五百条, ed. (Routledge, 2011)
* What Works: Helping Students Reach Native-Like Second-Language Competence [authorial collective, with Betty Lou Leaver et al.] (Coalition of Distinguished Language Centers, MSI Press, 2008)
* Listening Comprehension in Chinese: Performing 'Comic Dialogs' 說相聲 (Far Eastern Publications, Yale
University, 1995)
* Read Chinese Signs 中文路標與招牌的認識 [with Hsiaojung Sharon L. Chi] (Cheng & Tsui Company, 1993)
# Cornești, Dâmbovița

Cornești is a commune in Dâmbovița County, Muntenia, Romania with a population of 7,551 people. It is composed of ten villages: Bujoreanca, Cătunu, Cornești, Cristeasca, Crivățu, Frasinu, Hodărăști, Ibrianu, Postârnacu and Ungureni.
# Allium aaseae

Allium aaseae, the Southern Idaho onion or Aase's onion, is a plant species endemic to southwestern Idaho. It has been reported from 6 counties: Elmore, Ada, Boise, Gem, Payette and Washington.
The plant is named for American botanist Hannah Caroline Aase (1883-1980), at one time professor at Washington State University in Pullman.
Allium aaseae grows on sandy and gravelly sites at elevations of 800–1100 m. It has egg-shaped bulbs up to 2 cm in diameter, and pink or white bell-shaped flowers up to 10 mm long.
# Allitoria

Allitoria is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
# Cordillera Quimsa Cruz

The Cordillera Quimsa Cruz is a mountain range in the La Paz Department in Bolivia situated south east of Lake Titicaca and north of Lake Uru Uru, measuring about 35–40 km in length and 12 km at its widest point. It is the continuation of the Cordillera Real of Bolivia extending in a north to south-eastern direction from Asiento pass south of Illimani to Tres Cruces pass.
Kimsa Cruz or Quimsa Cruz in Hispanicized spelling is a partly Aymara (kimsa three), partly Spanish (cruz cross) expression meaning "three crosses".

## Mountains

The highest elevations are Jachacunocollo (5,800 m), Wayna Khunu Qullu (5,640 m) and Gigante (5,748 m). Other notable peaks are:
* León Jiwata, 5,680 metres (18,635 ft)
* San Luis, 5,620 metres (18,438 ft)
* Las Virgenes, 5,600 metres (18,373 ft)
* San Pedro, 5,590 metres (18,340 ft)
* Yaypuri, 5,566 metres (18,261 ft)
* Salvador Apacheta, 5,565 metres (18,258 ft)
* Jach'a Paquni, 5,560 metres (18,241 ft)
* San Enrique, 5,620 metres (18,438 ft)
* Atoroma, 5,550 metres (18,209 ft)
* Santa Fe, 5,550 metres (18,209 ft)
* San Juan, 5,540 metres (18,176 ft)
* San Lorenzo, 5,508 metres (18,071 ft)
* Janq'u Qullu, 5,460 metres (17,913 ft)
* La Salvadora, 5,421 metres (17,785 ft)
* Yunque, 5,400 metres (17,717 ft)
* Wila Qullu, 5,400 metres (17,717 ft)
* Nina Qullu, 5,352 metres (17,559 ft)
* Ch'amak Qullu, 5,350 metres (17,552 ft)
* Wallatani, 5,336 metres (17,507 ft)
* Quri Ch'uma, 5,312 metres (17,428 ft)
* Gerhard, 5,404 metres (17,730 ft)
* Los Enanos, 5,300 metres (17,388 ft)
* Mama Uqllu, 5,281 metres (17,326 ft)
* Cuernos de Diablo, 5,271 metres (17,293 ft)
* Chhankaphiña, 5,260 metres (17,257 ft)
* Santa Vera Cruz, 5,210 metres (17,093 ft)
* Pireo, 5,200 metres (17,060 ft)
* Janq'u Quta, 5,090 metres (16,699 ft)
* Achuma, 4,960 metres (16,273 ft)
* Ch'uxña Quta, 4,920 metres (16,142 ft)
* Taruja Umaña, 4,852 metres (15,919 ft)
* Janq'u Willk'i, 4,800 metres (15,748 ft)
* Kunturiri
* Laram Quta
* Malla Ch'uma
# Corridor Gangny

Corridor Gangny is a village in the Arcahaie commune in the Arcahaie Arrondissement, in the Ouest department of Haiti.
# MV Pallas

54°32′30″N 8°17′12″E﻿ / ﻿54.54167°N 8.28667°E﻿ / 54.54167; 8.28667
M/V Pallas, callsign C6LO9, IMO number 7039206, was a 147-metre (482 ft) cargo ship built in 1971. On 25 October 1998, her cargo of lumber caught fire while traveling the North Sea off the west coast of Jutland. The ship ran aground on 29 October off the German island of Amrum, in the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park. Around 200–300 tons of fuel oil was lost overboard and caused Germany's most notable maritime environmental disaster.
Parts of the wreck still lie off the island of Amrum and are visible at low tide.

## Fire and sinking

At the time of the sinking, the ship was owned by the Italian company Bogazzi Servizi Naval and running under the flag of Bahamas.
On 20 October 1998, the Pallas started in the Swedish port of Hudiksvall north of Stockholm. She was to bring 2,500 tons of sawn timber from Sweden to Morocco. The captain first tried unsuccessfully to smother the fire. At 11:54 p.m., the ship broadcast a "Mayday". A Danish and a German rescue helicopter subsequently made their way to the blazing freighter.
The fire could not be contained and the crew was evacuated; one crew member died in the process.
Several attempts to get the ship under tow were unsuccessful, and it ran aground on 29 October off the German island of Amrum, in the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park.
The smoldering fire in the cargo could only be fully extinguished a month after it broke out. Parts of the wreck of the Pallas still lie off Amrum and are visible at low tide.

## Environmental disaster

Around 200–300 tons of fuel oil were lost overboard, killing approximately 16,000 sea birds, predominantly common eiders. Only parts of the wreck could be salvaged to date, and the hull is still visible off Amrum.

## Political consequences

The case led to political discontent over a lack of coordinated emergency tow capabilities on the German coast, and contributed to the establishment of the Central Command for Maritime Emergencies (German: Havariekommando).
The Minister for Environment of Schleswig-Holstein Rainder Steenblock (Alliance 90/The Greens) was criticized many times for his refusal to take responsibility. Steenblock only traveled to the disaster site under pressure from Prime Minister Heide Simonis (SPD). Not only the Greens-friendly environmental protection associations NABU and BUND suggested that he resignin the month after the incident, also the MP Adelheid Winking-Nikolay from his own parliamentary group, Der Spiegel wrote in 1999.

## Links

* Lars Clausen: Schwachstellenanalyse aus Anlass der Havarie der PALLAS. Bundesverwaltungsamt – Zentralstelle für Zivilschutz, Bonn 2003, ISSN 0343-5164
* Abschlussbericht des Untersuchungsausschusses Pallas des Landtags Schleswig-Holstein auf Landtags-Drucksache 14/2650 vom 18. Januar 2000 (pdf; 28,8 MB)
# Crescent Lake State Airport

Crescent Lake State Airport (FAA LID: 5S2) is a public airport located two miles (3.2 km) north of Crescent Lake in Klamath County, Oregon, United States. On-airport camping is allowed, and boat rentals are available nearby. The airport is closed from November 1 through May 1 due to snow.
# John Wardrop

John Wardrop may refer to:
* John Glen Wardrop, English transport analyst
* Sir John Oliver Wardrop (1864–1948), English diplomat
* Jack Wardrop, British swimmer
# Acropora hemprichii

Acropora hemprichii is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg in 1834. It lives in reefs at depths of 3 to 15 m (9.8 to 49.2 ft) for between 13 and 24 years. The species is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, and has a decreasing population. It is common with a wide range, and is listed on Appendix II of CITES.

## Description

Acropora hemprichii lives in colonies of densely-packed branches, which are flat or upward-facing. Branches grow to diameters of between 12 and 30 millimetres (0.47 and 1.18 in) and lengths of around 80 millimetres (3.1 in). These colonies are often more than 2 m (6.6 ft) wide, and can exist without the presence of any other species. The axial corallites are rounded and shaped like domes, and the incipient axial corallites are present on some specimens. The radial corallites are cone-shaped irregularly spaced, have smooth walls, and are large. It has a smooth coenosteum, and the species is mainly brown or pink-brown. It exists in shallow reefs in marine environments, and at depths of 3 to 15 m (9.8 to 49.2 ft). From specimens in the Red Sea, this species has been shown to live for between thirteen and 24 years. It is composed of aragonite.

## Distribution

Acropora hemprichii is common but only found in a small area; the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, the Philippines, and the Indian Ocean. Despite being affected by bleaching, in the northern areas of the Red Sea, the species has avoided most bleaching, with only 6% of reefs being destroyed over recent decades. However, the species did not survive as well in the southern areas of the Red Sea. The species first existed between 0.78 and 0.13 myr ago. There is no known population for it, but numbers are believed to be decreasing, and the species is affected by disease, bleaching by sea temperature rises, fishing, and human infrastructure, and is prey to Acanthaster planci. It is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and appears on CITES Appendix II.

## Taxonomy

It was first described by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg in 1834 as Heteropora hemprichii, before being re-classified as Acropora hemprichi.
# Chapatsu

Chapatsu (茶髪/ちゃぱつ), literally "brown hair" in the Japanese language, is a style of bleaching (and occasionally dyeing) hair, found among Japanese teens. The style was once banned at Japanese schools and became a widespread topic of the civic right to self-expression, but discussion of the topic died down due to the ubiquity of the style.

## Etymology

The word chapatsu is formed from two morphemes: 茶, meaning "tea or brown, in this case, brown" and 髪, meaning "hair". Chapatsu originally referred to a variety of colors of hair dye, including blonde, red, orange, and blue, it now refers to brown hue. In Japanese the word is also frequently written in hiragana syllabary.

## Style

While the style itself began to show up in Tokyo streets during the early to mid-1990s, chapatsu was first described in Imidas, an annual publication of new words and concepts in the Japanese language, in 1997. Chapatsu did not appear in Kōjien, an authoritative dictionary of the Japanese language, until 1998. The style first gained popularity among adolescent girls, seeking to accentuate their tanned skin (rebelling against more traditional definitions of beauty), but quickly became mainstream. By the mid-2000s, however, trends seemed to indicate that the "chapatsu" as a mainstream style was on its way out. Although chapatsu died out as youth-centered fashion trend of rebellion, it came to be accepted not only on young people but also in certain business settings, and it was established before long as a Japanese fashion.
* The brown hair also became popular with Yanmama (young mothers).
* Japanese singer Yumi Yoshimura with a chapatsu.
# Chissey-en-Morvan

Chissey-en-Morvan (French pronunciation:; lit. "Chissey-in-Morvan"), commonly referred to simply as Chissey, is a rural commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in central-east France.
Bordering both Nièvre and Côte-d'Or, it is part of Morvan Regional Natural Park.

## History

The Buis hoard of 7th-century gold coins was found in Chissey-en-Morvan in 1855.
On 26 June 1944, amid World War II, German occupying forces motivelessly executed three local teenagers in Vauchezeuil, northeast of the village of Chissey-en-Morvan, who happened to be passing through.
# Class A

Class A may refer to:

## Communications technology

* Class-A amplifier, a category of electronic amplifier
* Class A network, in Internet technology, a type of large network
* Class A television service, a system for regulating low power stations in the United States

## Sports

* Class A (baseball), a level of American Minor League Baseball
* Class A (classification), a Paralympic wheelchair fencing classification

## Transportation

* Class A airfield, a type of World War II British military installation
* Class A surface, in automotive design
* Milwaukee Road class A, a class of steam locomotives
* Norfolk and Western Railway class A, a class of steam locomotives
* Class A, a type of commercial driver's license in the United States
* Class A, an ICAO airspace class
* Class A, a type of motorhome

## Other uses

* Class A (novel), a 2004 CHERUB novel by Robert Muchamore
* Class A drug, a classification of drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act
* Class A office space, a Building Owners and Managers Association category
* Library of Congress Classification:Class A -- General Works
* Class A, a stellar classification
* Class A, a retired type of United States Army Service Uniform
* Class A foams, a type of foam used in firefighting
# David Butler (footballer, born 1953)

David J. Butler (born 30 March 1953) is an English former football striker who played professionally in England, the North American Soccer League and Major Indoor Soccer League.
Butler began his career as a sixteen-year-old apprentice with West Bromwich Albion before moving to Shrewsbury Town in 1973. He also played ten games on loan to Workington A.F.C. during the 1973–1974 season. In 1974, Shrewsbury Town released Butler when he received an offer to play for the Seattle Sounders of the North American Soccer League. He signed with the Sounders and played through the 1978 season with them. In 1979, he played a single season with the Portland Timbers before moving indoors with the Pittsburgh Spirit for the 1979–1980 Major Indoor Soccer League season. In 1983, he returned to the Sounders to coach the reserve team and played 1 more first team game.
# Greville

Greville or Gréville may refer to:

## Places

* Gréville-Hague, in the Manche département, France
* Mount Greville, Queensland, Australia
* Port Greville, Nova Scotia, Canada

## People

First name
* Greville Janner (1928–2015), British Labour Party politician and alleged child abuser
* Greville Wynne (1919–1990) British businessman who spied on the USSR for the UK
Surname
* Algernon Greville (1798–1864), amateur cricketer
* Charles Greville (disambiguation)
** Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville (1794–1865), English diarist and amateur cricketer
** Charles Francis Greville (1749–1809), British antiquarian, collector and politician
* Edmond T. Gréville (1906–1966), French film director and screenwriter
* Frances Greville (1724–1789), Irish poet and celebrity
* Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke (1554–1628), English poet, dramatist, and statesman
* Handel Greville (1921–2014), Welsh rugby union player
* Henrietta Greville (1861–1964), Australian labour organiser
* Henry Gréville (1842–1902), French writer
* John Rodger Greville (1834–1894), Irish-born comic actor in Australia
* Julia Greville (born 1979), Australian Olympic freestyle swimmer
* Margaret Greville (1863–1942), British society host and philanthropist
* Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke (1607–1643), English Puritan activist
* Robert Fulke Greville (1751–1824), British Army officer and politician
* Robert Kaye Greville (1794–1866), Scottish botanist, illustrator
* Thomas N. E. Greville (1910–1998), American statistician of psychic research
# Agriomorpha fusca

Agriomorpha fusca is common species of damselfly in the family Rhipidolestidae. It is commonly known as the Chinese yellowface. Agriomorpha fusca rest with its wings folded while many related damselfies rest with their wings spread flat. This species is found in China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, and Hainan).
# Agriomyia

Agriomyia is a genus of wasps in the family Thynnidae.
# Acrolophus persimplex

Acrolophus persimplex is a moth of the family Acrolophidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1900. It is found in North America, including Arizona and Florida.
# Aimery IV of Thouars

Aimery IV viscount of Thouars (c. 1024 – c. 1094) was a companion of William the Conqueror on his Invasion of England in 1066.

## Life

He was the son of Geoffrey II of Thouars, and Agnes de Blois, daughter of Odo I, Count of Blois and Bertha of Burgundy.
In 1055 he was allied with Geoffroy Martel, Count of Anjou, against William, Duke of Normandy, and he participated in the siege of Ambrières, a castle built by William on the border of the County of Maine. After returning to Thouars in 1056, he joined the army of the Duke of Aquitaine to fight against the Saracens in Spain. He participated in the capture of Barbastro and brought a rich booty back to his hometown of Thouars.
In 1066, he was in England as part of the invading army of William the Conqueror. At the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, he commanded a corps composed of Poitevins, Bretons, and Angevins. Aimery IV did not settle in England, however, but received ample reimbursement and returned to his continental lands.
In Thouars, he rebuilt the castle in 1080. Aimery IV was also lord of La Chaize (near La Roche-sur-Yon), where he built a castle and a church dedicated to St. Nicolas.
Early in 1090, he made war on Pierre de Mortagne and took his castle. The Viscount of Thouars was assassinated by two of his own knights in 1093. He was buried in the church of Saint Nicolas in La Chaize.

## Marriages and issue

In 1045, he married Aremgarde (died bef. 1088) and had:
* Aimery (died 1090)
* Raoul (1060–1092)
* Eleanor or Aenora (1050–1093), who married Boson II Viscount of Chatellerault (fr) (1050–1092), parents of Aimery I of Châttellerault
* Hildegarde, married Hugh VI of Lusignan around 1065
He married secondly Ameline de Mauléon, daughter of Geoffrey de Mauléon and sister of Raoul de Mauléon. They had:
* Herbert II
* Geoffroy III
# Actinopus reycali

Actinopus reycali is a species of mygalomorph spiders in the family Actinopodidae. It is found in Argentina.
# David Firman

David Firman is a British orchestral conductor, musical director, composer and arranger.

## Early life and education

Firman was born in London and educated at Trinity College of Music and Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he was Organ Scholar. He graduated in English and Music. Whilst at Cambridge he was musical director of Footlights Dramatic Club.

## Work

Firman conducted the original West End productions of Jesus Christ Superstar, Evita, Cats, Chicago, Singing in the Rain, Dancin', The Pirates of Penzance, Children of Eden, Phantom of the Opera, Enter the Guardsman, Metropolis. The reviewer for The Independent called Firman's orchestrations for Enter the Guardsman, "superb", noting that they "add(ed) colour to an elegant score in Jeremy Sams's neat production." As a keyboardist he played on the recording sessions for Return of the Jedi, Superman, Supergirl, Medicine Man, First Blood, Rambo ll, Basic Instinct, Tombstone, DARRYL, and Total Recall. He conducted the soundtracks of Savage Islands, The Tall Guy, Rambo 3 (final reel), A Long Day Closes, and The Tie That Binds.
For television he acted as musical director and arranger for Victoria Wood: As Seen on TV, Dinnerladies, Victoria Wood with All the Trimmings, Bryn Terfel at Christmas, The Mike Doyle Show (3 series), Parkinson with Victoria Wood, and Victoria Wood BAFTA tribute. Firman was Principal Guest Conductor for the Danish Sinfonietta from 1990 until their dissolution in December 2014. He arranged and conducted many of their concerts and broadcasts, including performances with Tommy Körberg, Simply Red, Ray Davies, Katie Melua, Westlife, Shu-bi-dua, Stig Rossen, Inger dam Jensen, Jerry Hadley, Harolyn Blackwell, Dee Dee Bridgewater, Robin Gibb, Paddy Moloney, Sissel Kyrkjebo, Sir Christopher Lee, The Bootleg Beatles, Lars Lillholt, Jean-Michel Jarre and Elaine Paige. In London Firman conducted the annual concert series Night of a 1000 Voices at the Royal Albert Hall (director Hugh Wooldridge), and Chess in Concert with Idina Menzel, Josh Groban, Marti Pellow, Kerry Ellis, and Clarke Peters. Firman also conducts the Best of Broadway series at the Royal Albert Hall with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and conducts the orchestra frequently in other venues.
He conducted the world premiere performances of Frozen - Live in Concert, and the British premiere of Pirates of the Caribbean - Live in Concert, both at the Albert Hall with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and has also conducted Disney's Fantasia with the same orchestra, along with the European premiere of Beauty and the Beast - Live in Concert. He has conducted orchestras in Hanover, Singapore, Bangkok, Beijing, Ottawa, Sydney, Tokyo, Odense, Aalborg, Antwerp, Aarhus, Stockholm, Rome, Barcelona, and Copenhagen. Firman composed the orchestral score for the ballet Kom Bamse, nu balletter vi! which is part of the repertoire for the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen.