OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Magnetic gun

Magnetic gun may refer to:
* Coilgun, a type of mass driver consisting of one or more coils used as electromagnets in the configuration of a linear motor that accelerate a ferromagnetic or conducting projectile to high velocity
* Railgun, a linear motor device that uses electromagnetic force to launch high-velocity projectiles
# Karen Liebreich

Karen Liebreich (born 1959), MBE, is an author, historian and gardener.

## Biography

Liebreich was born in London, and educated at Haberdashers' Aske's School for Girls. She studied History at University College London and the European University Institute, before completing a PhD at the University of Cambridge. She worked as the cultural assistant at the French Institute in London, and then as a producer at the BBC and the History Channel, where she worked on historical documentaries. Between 2005 and 2009, she ran a historic kitchen garden in Chiswick House, West London, and was the co-founder of Abundance London, a community garden and urban harvesting project. In 2013, she was awarded an MBE for services to horticulture and education From 2015 to 2018, working with Sarah Cruz also of Abundance London, she created the Chiswick Timeline, a vast, spectacular mural of historic maps of Chiswick from 1593 to the present day, covering almost 60 metres of the London Underground bridge arches crossing Turnham Green Terrace, including works of art by famous artists with links to Chiswick such as William Hogarth, with some specifically created for the mural by Sir Peter Blake and Jan Pieńkowski. In 2020 she co-founded the Chiswick Flower Market, part of a project to reinvigorate the local High Road. She is a non-fiction author and occasional journalist.

## Works

In 2004, Liebreich wrote Fallen Order, an exposé of sexual abuse in the Catholic Church in the 17th century. While researching her doctorate, Liebreich discovered documents in the Vatican archives indicating that the Piarist Order, an order dedicated to providing education to poorer children, had covered up a sexual abuse scandal involving some of their priests. This scandal had subsequently contributed to the order's temporary suppression in 1646.
In 2006, Liebreich wrote The Letter in the Bottle about her research to identify the mother who wrote a message in a bottle to express her enduring grief over the death of her son at the age of 13. The 2009 French translation received substantial media coverage in France and was dramatised for a BBC Radio 4 Afternoon Play in December 2012.
In 2009, Liebreich wrote The Family Kitchen Garden, based on her experiences restoring and preserving a historic kitchen garden in the grounds of Chiswick House.
In 2017 Liebreich published The Black Page – interviews with Nazi Film-makers based on her first-hand interviews conducted in the making of various BBC documentaries. An essay based on this on Brunhilde Pomsel, Goebbels's secretary, was published by the London Review of Books after the death of Pomsel in January 2017.
In 2018, after more than three years' work, the Chiswick Timeline was formally opened, with an accompanying book.
In 2020, Liebreich published An Objective History detailing her family's experiences during the Second World War.
# Maharashtra State Council of Examinations

The Maharashtra State Council of Examinations (MSCE) is an Indian state level authority that facilitates Scholarship examinations.

## High School Scholarship Exam

High School Scholarship Exam is a state level scholarship exam conducted by Maharashtra State Council of Education (MSCE) in India to identify students having academic talent at secondary schooling and to encourage deserving students and provide them with financial support. These exams are conducted since the year 1954. These exams are held for students pursuing 5th Standard and 8th Standard Class in Secondary or High Schools in Maharashtra. Earlier only few selected students from each school were able to appear for these tests but from the year 2008 any student from a Government recognized school is eligible to appear for the exam. The exams are conducted every year in the month of February or March and over 5.5 lakh of 5th standard and over 6.5 lakh of 8th standard students appear for this exam. The exam can be given in both English and Marathi mediums.

### Pattern of examination

Scholarship Paper has 2 papers of 150 marks each. Each paper has duration of 1 hour 30 Mins .
The Papers Are:
* ( Language And Maths )
* ( Language And Intelligence Test )
Each Paper Have 75 Question Which Has 150 Marks

### Syllabus

The syllabus for all subjects is same as that of the syllabus in the regular curriculum of 7th Standard.
For 5th Scholarship there is Study Of Standard 5th, 6th And 7th and 8th Scholarship Was Syllabus Of Standard 8th, 9th and 10th.

### Rewards

The scholarships are awarded on the basis of objective examinations consisting of 3 papers. Based on the performance in these examinations a merit list is prepared and scholarships in the form of certain amounts decided by the Education Council are awarded to the top students.
# American English (disambiguation)

American English is a set of dialects of the English language native to the United States.
American English may also refer to:

## Linguistics

* General American English, a dialect of American English
* North American English, a set of dialects of the English language spoken in the US and Canada

## Demographics

* American English people, English people whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in the US
* English Americans, Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England

## Other uses

* American English (album) by Wax
** "American English" (song), 1987
* "American English", a song by Idlewild from The Remote Part
# Cross-City Bridge

The Cross-City Bridge (Polish: Most średnicowy) is a rail bridge over the Vistula River in Warsaw, north of the Poniatowski Bridge. It forms a part of the Warsaw Cross-City Line and was originally built between 1921 and 1931 to connect the (now defunct) Warszawa Główna railway station and what is now the Warszawa Wschodnia railway station.

## History and description

The bridge was designed by Aleksander Pstrokoński. Construction began in 1921 and extended more than 10 years because of a financial crisis, effecting the Polish Building Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Budowlane). Foundations were pneumatically positioned with a metal structure above the pillars. The bridge consisted of four spans of over 90 m, with high arches.
On 13 September 1944, the bridge was blown up by retreating German troops.
Between 1945 and 1949 the bridge was rebuilt in a considerably modified form, with smaller pillars and different design methodology, and was opened to rail traffic on 23 June 1949.
A twin bridge was built in the 1960s shortly before the start of the construction of the Warszawa Centralna railway station.
Currently, the bridge gives the impression of being monolithic, although it actually consists of two independent platforms supported on a common pillars. The four rail tracks link the main railway stations in Warsaw. The two tracks on the north side are designed for long-distance traffic, while the other two are usually used by commuter trains.
The bridge has five spans and length of 445 m.
# Madhav Satwalekar

Madhav Satwalekar (13 August 1915 – 2006) is considered an important 20th-century artist of India who achieved recognition for his depiction of scenes from contemporary life and landscape paintings.

## Early life

Madhav Satwalekar was born in a Maharashtrian Karhade Brahmin family on 13 August 1915 in the city of Lahore in present-day Pakistan. His father, Shripad Damodar Satwalekar, the renowned turn-of-the-century painter and Vedic scholar had a studio in Lahore at that time. Satwalekar spent most of his childhood in the Princely State of Aundh where his father was the resident scholar, artist and advisor in the court of the then Maharaja.

## Career as an artist

Satwalekar first studied at Sir J.J. School of Art in Bombay, before going to Europe (1937 to 1940) to study at Accademia di Belle Arti Firenze, (Italy), Slade School, (London) and Académie de la Grande Chaumière, Paris). He was recipient of the Mayo Medal, the highest award of the J. J. School of Art in 1935.
For his paintings, Satwalekar used subjects such as landscapes paintings. Indian mythological Stories and the everyday life of the common people. He used both oil and watercolor for his works.
Exhibition of Satwalekar's work was first held in 1945, at the Taj Hotel in Mumbai. Over the years, apart from India, exhibitions of his work have been held in many parts of the world including the British East Africa in 1949, in countries of Europe, and the Middle East.
Later in his career, during the 1970s and 1980s, Satwalekar served as the Director of Art for the Indian State of Maharashtra. He also co-founded the Indian Art Institute for spreading awareness of art.
# Maha Subair

Maha Subair, born Subair Pareed, is an Indian film producer, predominantly working in Malayalam films. He is associated with Varna Chithra and has produced a number of films such as Meesa Madhavan, Manassinakkare, Thirakkatha, Christian Brothers.Meesa Madhavan was highest grossing Malayalam film in 2002.

## Filmography

| Movie | Year | Director |
| Meesa Madhavan | 2002 | Lal Jose |
| Manassinakkare | 2003 | Sathyan Anthikkad |
| Pattalam | 2003 | Lal Jose |
| Udayon | 2005 | Bhadran |
| Speed Track | 2007 | S.L. Puram Jayasurya |
| Thirakkatha | 2008 | Ranjith |
| Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha | 2009 | Ranjith |
| Penpattanam | 2010 | V. M. Vinu |
| Christian Brothers | 2011 | Joshiy |
| Mr. Marumakan | 2012 | Sandhya Mohan |
| Rose Guitarinal | 2013 | Ranjan Pramod |
| Salaam Kashmier | 2014 | Joshiy |
| Aakashamittayee | 2017 | Samuthirakani & M. Padmakumar |
| Drama | 2018 | Ranjith |
| Kurukkan | 2023 | Jayalal Divakaran |
| Khurbani | 2023 | Geo.V |
| Oru Jaathi Jathakam | 2023 | M. Mohanan |

## Awards and honours

| Award | Year | Film |
| National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam | 2008 | Thirakkatha |
| Kerala State Film Award for Best Film | 2009 | Paleri Manikyam |
| Kerala Film Critics Award for Popular Film | 2002 | Meesa Madhavan |
| Filmfare Award for Best Film – Malayalam | 2003 | Manassinakkare |
| Filmfare Award for Best Film – Malayalam | 2008 | Thirakkatha |
| Vanitha Film Award for Best Film | 2003 | Manassinakkare |
| Vanitha Film Award for Best Film | 2008 | Thirakkatha |
# American Hypnosis Society

American Hypnosis Society (AHS) existed from 1965 until 2001 for the purpose of educating interested individuals and mental health professionals in the proper practice of hypnosis. The Society’s stated objective was “..to advance understanding of, and research into, the beneficial use of properly practiced hypnotherapy and to dispel myths regarding its possible misuses.”
The Society was founded by New York City-based psychiatrist Michael Goldstein, M.D., Ph.D., whose practice was focused on the treatment of aberrant behavior, and the reintegration of social outcasts with their community.
Using a local training methodology, matching students with experienced instructors on a one-on-one basis the Society's hands on approach gained it quick acceptance in New York and eventually throughout the country. This, coupled with quarterly classroom based training, allowed Society members to learn hypnosis through personal interaction with subjects and knowledgeable professionals.

## Activities

The Society offered certification and training recognizing successful students as hypnotists after 200 hours of training and examination and as hypnotherapists after 800 hours of training and 120 hours of supervised client interaction (which time could be accounted against the 800 hours of training). Related class work from a properly accredited institution, such as a college, could be used to offset up to 500 hours of the required class material, if approved by the accreditation panel, but only actual client interaction by a previously certified hypnotherapist could be used for the 120-hour client requirement. Submission to examinations and demonstrations of accumulated knowledge were required by students at regular intervals during the education process.
At its apex, the Society had a membership consisting of over 750 hypnotherapists and mental health professionals, most on the Eastern half of the United States and Canada.

## Dissolution

The Society was eventually disbanded when, on behalf of the Board of Trustees, Secretary Edward J. Herman announced that the Board had discovered that the Treasurer, Patricia O’Neal had embezzled the majority of the Society’s operating capital in the eighteen (18) months after Dr. Goldstein’s death in 1999.
Since the dissolution of the Society, the majority of its former members have migrated to the Society For Psychological Hypnosis (division 30 of the American Hypnosis Society), the National Guild of Hypnotists, or to Dr. Milton Erickson's American Society of Clinical Hypnosis
# Cultural Beira

Cultural Beira, usually known simply as Cultural, is a traditional association football club based in Beira, Mozambique. They played in the Moçambola, the highest level of football in Mozambique in 1980, finishing 7th out of 8 in the southern group.
# Macromeles tschonoskii

Macromeles tschonoskii (common names Chonosuki crab and pillar apple) is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is a tree endemic to Japan.
The specific epithet tschonoskii refers to the 19th century Japanese botanist Sugawa Tschonoski.

## Description

Macromeles tschonoskii is a strong-growing deciduous tree, it has a distinctive columnar habit and is particularly noted for its autumn colouring, when the glossy mid-green leaves turn to brilliant shades of yellow, orange, purple and scarlet. Single white flowers, tinged pink, appear in May and are followed by rounded red-flushed yellow-green crabapples.
It can grow to 9 metres (30 feet) tall by 1.8 m (6 ft) broad in 20 years, with an ultimate height of 12 m (39 ft).

## Habitat

The species grows well in many soil types, doing best in moist, well-drained soil.

## Uses

It is cultivated as an ornamental tree, for planting in gardens.
# American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge

The American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge (1834–1837) was a monthly magazine based in Boston, Massachusetts. It was established by a group of engravers to "give to the public a work descriptive, not merely of subjects, scenes, places, and persons existing in distant climes, but also of those which are to be found in our own fine and native country." It featured profusely illustrated articles on many topics, including American animals, plants, natural scenery, colleges, banks, hospitals, churches, cities, technology, and so on; as well as biographical articles on figureheads of the revolutionary and federal eras. Modelled after the British Penny Magazine, it was published first by the Boston Bewick Company, then by William D. Ticknor and John L. Sibley. In 1836 Nathaniel Hawthorne served as editor.
# Crouy-en-Thelle

Crouy-en-Thelle (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

## Population

As of 2017, Crouy-en-Thelle had a population of 1,098, with a population density of 187 per km$^2$. As of 2019, there are 415 dwellings in the commune, of which 399 primary residences.

## Geography

Crouy-en-Thelle's elevation ranges between 64 m (210 ft) and 137 m (449 ft) above sea level. Its area is 5.87 km$^2$ (2.27 sq mi). The town is 3 km east of Neuilly-en-Thelle, and 8 km northeast of Persan.
# Macropholidus

Macropholidus is a genus of lizards in the family Gymnophthalmidae. The genus is endemic to Ecuador and Peru.

## Species

The genus Macropholidus contains four species which are recognized as being valid.
* Macropholidus annectens Parker, 1930 - Parker's pholiodobolus
* Macropholidus ataktolepis Cadle & Chuna, 1995
* Macropholidus huancabambae (Reeder, 1996)
* Macropholidus montanuccii Torres-Carvajal, Venegas & Nunes, 2020 - Montanucci's cuilanes
* Macropholidus ruthveni Noble, 1921 - Ruthven's pholiodobolus
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Macropholidus.
# Macropholidus annectens

Macropholidus annectens, Parker's pholiodobolus , is a species of lizard in the family Gymnophthalmidae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
# Macropharynx

Macropharynx is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1927. It is native to South America and Central America.
Based on a phylogenetic analysis, the genus Peltastes was merged into Macropharynx in 2017.

## Species

14 species are currently accepted:
* Macropharynx abnorma J.F.Morales, M.E.Endress & Liede – northern Peru
* Macropharynx anomala Woodson – Ecuador
* Macropharynx colombiana (Woodson) J.F.Morales, M.E.Endress & Liede – northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela
* Macropharynx conflictiva (J.F.Morales) J.F.Morales, M.E.Endress & Liede – northern Peru
* Macropharynx gigantea (Woodson) J.F.Morales, M.E.Endress & Liede – Peru and northern Bolivia
* Macropharynx isthmica (Woodson) J.F.Morales, M.E.Endress & Liede – Costa Rica to northwestern Venezuela
* Macropharynx meyeri (C.Ezcurra) Xifreda – northwestern Argentina
* Macropharynx peltata (Vell.) J.F.Morales, M.E.Endress & Liede – northeastern Brazil to northern Argentina
* Macropharynx peruviana (Woodson) J.F.Morales, M.E.Endress & Liede – Peru
* Macropharynx pulchra (Miers) J.F.Morales, M.E.Endress & Liede – eastern Brazil
* Macropharynx renteriae A.H.Gentry – Costa Rica, Honduras, Colombia, and Ecuador
* Macropharynx spectabilis (Stadelm.) Woodson – Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, northwestern Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador
* Macropharynx steyermarkii (Markgr.) J.F.Morales – northwestern Venezuela
* Macropharynx venusta (J.F.Morales) J.F.Morales, M.E.Endress & Liede – Ecuador
# Maici River

Maici River is a river of Amazonas state in north-western Brazil.
The Maici River is a left tributary of the dos Marmelos River. It flows through the Humaitá National Forest, a 473,155 hectares (1,169,190 acres) sustainable use conservation unit created in 1998.
# Karkelo

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Metal Underground | |
Karkelo is the sixth studio album by Finnish folk metal band Korpiklaani. The title is the Finnish interpretation of the word "party", or otherwise meaning loosely "having fun" or "frolic".

## Pre-release and production

The band started recording material on 15 February. The album was released on 26 June 2009. The songs had the drums recorded in Petrax studio located in Hollola with the rest of the instruments recorded in Grooveland Recording Studio based in Lahti. In support of the album's release, Korpiklaani underwent their first North American tour in April and May 2009.
Three versions of a single for the song "Vodka" were released in anticipation of this album in May 2009. The CD version of the single was released in Finland on 27 May 2009, and the digital single, along with the 7" picture vinyl, was released on 29 May 2009. The B-side of the single is "Juodaan Viinaa".

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Juha Jyrkäs, except where noted; all music is composed by Jonne Järvelä, except where noted

## Personnel

* Jonne Järvelä - vocals, guitars, percussion, choirs
* Juho Kauppinen - accordion, guitars on "Uniaika", choirs
* Cane - guitars, choirs
* Hittavainen - fiddle, viola, mandolin, tin whistle
* Jarkko Aaltonen - bass
* Matti Johansson - drums, choirs

### Guest musicians

* Aksu Hanttu - backing vocals

### Production

* Svante Forsbäck - mastering
* Jan "Örkki" Yrlund - artwork
* Aksu Hanttu - producer, recording, mixing
* Harri Hinkka - photography
# Amirani

Amirani or Amiran (Georgian: ამირანი) is the name of a culture hero of a Georgian epic who resembles the Classical Prometheus. Various versions of the myth reveal a process through which the myth was transformed over time, but the legend itself is traced between 3,000 and 2,000 years BC at the beginning of the first Iron Age, as in the myth Demiurge Amirani defies God by introducing the use of metal to humanity. Like Prometheus, he is punished and chained in the Caucasus Mountains with his cursed dog Q'ursha. Similar to the Prometheus myth, an eagle eats his liver in the day, but it heals itself every night.

## History

Amirani was the son of Dali, a Caucasian goddess of the hunt, but he was removed prematurely from her womb and raised by a hunter Sulkalmah and his wife Darejan, alongside the latter's two natural sons Badri and Usup. Together, they fought evil spirits and defeated a three-headed giant whose several heads metamorphosed into snakes. Amirani battles with dragons. He is swallowed by the Black Dragon. Amirani cuts the dragon's belly and comes out.
While battling other evil spirits in his search for a bride, his two mortal brothers were killed, and Amirani attempted suicide, but discovered to his dismay that he returned to life. Thereafter, Amirani abandoned his search for a bride, and empowered by the highest God, Ghmerti (the Georgian word for God), he took on another giant, and then Ghmerti (or God) himself. In response for this insolence, God punished him in three stages: he fastened Amirani to a post driven deep in the earth; second, he buried him in chains under a mountain pass, which formed a cave-like dome over him; and third, for one night each year, the mountain opened to reveal Amirani suspended in air where a human attempted in vain to release him, and the mountain closed again.
In some parts of Caucasian Iberia, the alternative account as reflected in the Greek myth, in which the hero is attacked daily by an eagle sent by the deity, was for a long time commemorated by the destruction of eagles nests, as the enemies of Amirani. The Svan (from the Kingdom of Georgia) version of the myth represents Amirani's story most precisely and clearly.
Amirani gave its name to the extraterrestrial volcano Amirani.
# Karaoğlu, Sungurlu

Karaoğlu is a village in the Sungurlu District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 78 (2022).
# Karapa mandal

Karapa mandal is one of the 21 mandals in Kakinada District of Andhra Pradesh. As per census 2011, there are 19 villages.

## Demographics

Karapa Mandal has total population of 76,398 as per the Census 2011 out of which 38,460 are males while 37,938 are females and the average Sex Ratio of Karapa Mandal is 986. The total literacy rate of Karapa Mandal is 68.61%. The male literacy rate is 63.59% and the female literacy rate is 58.76%.

## Towns and villages
### Villages

pedakotturu vijayarayudupalem uppalanka goddatipalem
* Aratlakatta
* China Mamidada
* G. Bhavaram
* Gorripudi
* Gurajanapalle
* Karapa
* Kongodu
* Koripalle
* Kurada
* Nadakuduru
* Patharlagadda
* Peddapurapadu
* Penuguduru
* Siripuram
* Vakada
* Valasapakala
* Velangi
* Vemulavada
* Yandamuru
* Z. Bhavaram
# Mainghein

Mainghein is a village in Bhamo Township in Bhamo District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
# Maingkwan

Maingkwang is a town in north-east Kachin State in Myanmar.