# Demegestone

Demegestone, sold under the brand name Lutionex, is a progestin medication which was previously used to treat luteal insufficiency but is now no longer marketed. It is taken by mouth.
Demegestone is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has no androgenic activity.
Demegestone was first described in 1966 and was introduced for medical use in France in 1974. It has only been marketed in France, and has since been discontinued in this country.

## Medical uses

Demegestone has been used to treat luteal insufficiency. It has also been studied in combination with estrogens, such as moxestrol, as an oral contraceptive and treatment for infertility.

## Pharmacology
### Pharmacodynamics

Demegestone is a progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor (PR). It is a highly potent progestogen, showing 50 times the potency of progesterone in the Clauberg test. The ovulation-inbhiting dosage of demegestone is 2.5 mg/day, while the endometrial transformation dosage is 100 mg per cycle. The medication is devoid of androgenic activity, and instead has some antiandrogenic activity. Demegestone has low affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor. In a particular bioassay, both demegestone and progesterone showed antiglucocorticoid rather than glucocorticoid activity. The major metabolite of demegestone, a 21-hydroxylated metabolite, is a moderately potent progestogen (4 times the potency of progesterone) and a weak mineralocorticoid (2% of the potency of deoxycorticosterone).
Relative affinities (%) of demegestone :
| Compound | PRTooltip Progesterone receptor | ARTooltip Androgen receptor | ERTooltip Estrogen receptor | GRTooltip Glucocorticoid receptor | MRTooltip Mineralocorticoid receptor | SHBGTooltip Sex hormone-binding globulin | CBGTooltip Corticosteroid binding globulin |
| Demegestone | 230 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1–2 | ? | ? |
| Notes: Values are percentages (%). Reference ligands (100%) were progesterone for the PRTooltip progesterone receptor, testosterone for the ARTooltip androgen receptor, E2 for the ERTooltip estrogen receptor, DEXATooltip dexamethasone for the GRTooltip glucocorticoid receptor, aldosterone for the MRTooltip mineralocorticoid receptor, DHTTooltip dihydrotestosterone for SHBGTooltip sex hormone-binding globulin, and cortisol for CBGTooltip Corticosteroid-binding globulin. Sources: ||||||||

### Pharmacokinetics

Demegestone has good bioavailability. The initial volume of distribution of demegestone is 31 L. Demegestone is metabolized by hydroxylation at the C21, C1, C2, and C11 positions, which is eventually followed by A-ring aromatization after 1,2-dehydration. The major metabolite of demegestone is a 21-hydroxy derivative. The metabolic clearance rate of demegestone is 20 L/h. Its biological half-lives are 2.39 and 0.24 hours with intravenous injection. Demegestone and/or its metabolites are excreted, at least in part, in urine.

## Chemistry

Demegestone, also known as 17α-methyl-δ$^9$-19-norprogesterone or as 17α-methyl-19-norpregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione, is a synthetic norpregnane steroid and a derivative of progesterone. It is specifically a combined derivative of 17α-methylprogesterone and 19-norprogesterone, or of 17α-methyl-19-norprogesterone. Related derivatives of 17α-methyl-19-norprogesterone include promegestone and trimegestone.

## History

Demegestone was first described in the literature in 1964 and was introduced for medical use in 1974 in France. It was developed by Roussel Uclaf.

## Society and culture
### Generic names

Demegestone is the generic name of the drug and its INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name. It is also known by its developmental code name R-2453 or RU-2453.

### Brand names

Demegestone was marketed under the brand name Lutionex.

### Availability

Demegestone is no longer marketed and hence is no longer available in any country. It was previously available in France.