OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mammoths, Sabertooths, and Hominids

Mammoths, Sabertooths, and Hominids: 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe is a book written by Jordi Agustí and illustrated by Mauricio Antón. It was first published in 2002 by Columbia University Press.
The book is a journey through 65 million years of palaeontological records, from the extinction of the dinosaurs to just before present. Notwithstanding the title, the book includes the complex evolutionary records of most continents within its pages – thoroughfully described by Agustí and breathtakingly illustrated by Antón.
Agustí and Antón provide a broad overview of the Tertiary history of mammals in Europe: the evolutionary changes within the European fauna as well as the fates of immigrant taxa that arrived from other continents.
# Salix lanata

Salix lanata, the woolly willow, is a subarctic species of willow native to Iceland, the Faeroe Islands and Finland, through to eastern Siberia. In Scotland it can be found in only a few localities of Perthshire, Angus and Aberdeenshire, generally on rocky mountain sides at altitudes of 600–900 m (1,969–2,953 ft).

## Description

Salix lanata is a low, many-branched, deciduous shrub, generally less than 100 cm (39 in) high by 150 cm (59 in) broad. The new twigs are hairy at first, soon becoming hairless and brown. The grey-green leaves are rather variable, but generally ovate up to 7 cm (3 in) long by up to 6.5 cm (3 in) wide, covered in silvery-grey "wool" to begin with but less so with age. The leaf margins are usually entire.
The catkins appear in summer (May to July), with male and female catkins on separate plants (like all willows this species is dioecious). The female catkins are densely hairy. The petioles are usually less than 1 cm long, and the stipules usually 1 cm long by 0.6 cm wide, and persistent.
The texture, colour and compact nature of this plant, together with its extreme hardiness, make it a valuable plant for cultivation. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## Gallery

* Upper surface of leaf, also showing stipules
* Leaf petiole
* Lower surface of leaf
* Female catkin
* Salix lanata leaves
# Salix lapponum

Salix lapponum, the downy willow, is a low, much-branched shrub having a wide distribution in Northern Europe, eastwards to the Altai and western Siberia, and is found as far south as the Pyrenees and Bulgaria. In Scotland, UK, it can be found on rocky mountain slopes and cliffs, generally at altitudes of 200–900 m (660–2,950 ft). It grows to a height of 1.5 m (4.9 ft).
As described in Stace and BSBI Salix lapponum has the following characteristics:
* Twigs hairy at first, hairless and rather glossy dark reddish brown later.
* Leaves usually lanceolate to 7 cm long by 2.5 cm wide; slightly hairy to hairy on upper side; usually densely hairy on lower side; margins entire or subentire, sometimes a little undulate.
* Petiole short, occasionally up to 1 cm long but usually less than 5mm.
* Upper surface of leaf
* Lower surface of leaf
* View showing twig and leaf petioles
# Mandihal

Mandihal is a village in Dharwad district of Karnataka, India.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India there were 309 households in Mandihal and a total population of 1,490 consisting of 792 males and 698 females. There were 231 children ages 0-6.
# American Academy of Clinical Sexology

The American American Academy of Sexology was a private higher educational institution. It provided Ph.D. degrees in the field of Clinical Sexology for sex therapists, sexologists and researchers in sex and sexology.

## History and overview

In 1986, the American Academy of Clinical Sexology, originally named the American Academy of Clinical Sexologist, was founded by William Granzig within Maimonides University in Miami, Florida.
The academy closed its doors to students in 2019 due to the passing of Dr. Granzig and dissolved in early 2020.

## Notable graduates

* Ava Cadell is a former actress, writer, producer and currently a therapist and speaker on issues of sexuality.
# American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry

The American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry (AACD), founded in December 1984 by Jack Kammer and Jeff Morley of San Francisco, is a cosmetic dental organization. The academy has been surveying "American patients regarding esthetic dentistry and their personal preferences" since its inception.
By 2001, the academy had members from 40 different countries. Between 2000 and 2007, membership in the organization grew by 70%.

## Executives

Presidents of the academy serve one-year terms. Ken Glick of Toronto, Canada, served as the president in 1998. Mike Malone was elected vice president in 2001 and "will automatically ascend to President in two years." Wynn Okuda was the 'president elect' in late 2002. Laura Kelly of California became the academy's first female president in 2007. Kelly was followed in 2008 by Mickey Bernstein of Tennessee.

## American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry’s Charitable Foundation

The American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry's Charitable Foundation (AACDCF) maintains three programs: Give Back A Smile, the Give Back A Smile Whitening Program, and the Disaster Relief Fund.
# Amolinia

Amolinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, described as a genus in 1972.
There is only one known species, Amolinia heydeana, native to Chiapas and Guatemala.
# Amolita irrorata

Amolita irrorata is a species of moth in the family Erebidae first described by George Hampson in 1910. The species is found in South America, including Paraguay and Brazil. Its wingspan is 26–32 mm (1.0–1.3 in).

## Description

Head and thorax pale ochreous mixed with brown; palpi slightly tinged with rufous; pectus and legs suffused with brown; abdomen ochreous dorsally suffused with brown, ventrally irrorated (sprinkled) with brown. Forewing pale ochreous slightly tinged with reddish brown and thickly irrorated with black; a black point in middle of cell and another on discocellulars; a diffused oblique black-brown fascia from apex to inner margin before middle and another narrower fascia from termen below apex to inner margin beyond middle; a terminal series of black points; cilia with diffused blackish line through them. Hindwing ochreous white; a terminal series of black points from apex to vein 2; cilia with a faint brown line through them except towards tornus. Underside of forewing suffused with brown; hindwing with the costal area irrorated with brown, a black discoidal point.
# Crooked Lake (New York)

Crooked Lake is located near Tully Center, New York. Fish species present in the lake include largemouth bass, yellow perch, and pumpkinseed sunfish. There is access via fee boat launch on the west shore off Long Road.
# Magnetic induction

Magnetic induction may refer to:
* electromagnetic induction – a physical phenomenon where a changing magnetic field produces an electric field
* magnetic flux density – a physical quantity describing the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field
# Amorós

Amorós is a locality belonging to the municipality of Sant Guim de Freixenet, in the Province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 12. A standalone municipality in the past, it was absorbed by the municipality of Sant Guim de Freixenet in between 1842 and 1857. The Madoz dictionary described its location as lying "on a plain with free ventilation and a healthy climate".

## Geography

Amorós is located 86km east of Lleida.
# Crossover dribble

A crossover dribble is a basketball maneuver in which a player dribbling the ball switches the ball rapidly from one hand to the other, to make a change in direction. In a typical example the player heads up-court, dribbling the ball in (say) the left hand, then makes a wide step left with a head fake. If the defender is deceived, the player can then switch to dribbling with the right hand and surpass the defender. The crossover can allow the player an open jump shot or a clear path to the basket. Crossover is generally performed for space creation.
The first crossover, it is claimed, happened in a street basketball game at the Rucker Park by the street legend Richard (Rick) "Pee Wee" Kirkland.
In the NBA, Oscar Robertson was known to do the move as early as the 1960s as well as Dwayne Washington while playing for Syracuse during the early 1980s, but Tim Hardaway is credited for popularizing the killer crossover in the NBA, as well as Allen Iverson and Steve Francis.
# Crocidosema insulana

Crocidosema insulana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Chile in Santiago, Masatierra Island, Coquimbo, Valparaiso, Maule and Bío Bío.
# American Base Hospital No. 57

American Base Hospital No. 57 was an American military hospital formed in Georgia, United States. During the First World War the hospital moved to Paris, where a 1,800-bed hospital was set up to deal with war casualties.

## History

The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, during World War I. At Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, the American military set up a Medical Officers Training Camp (MOTC) called Camp Greenleaf. Authorized in May 1917 until it was decommissioned in December 1918, the camp trained 6,640 officers and 31,138 enlisted men.
Among some units were the doctors and staff of Base Hospital No. 57. The members of the hospital were organized on April 2, 1918. Most of the men were drafted from Oil City, Pennsylvania. After training they shipped to Camp Merritt, New Jersey where they embarked on the Madingo on July 31, 1918. After stopping briefly in England they boarded the Londonderry and landed in France on August 21, 1918. They moved around France until on September 16, 1918 it was ordered to Paris where they took over 1,800 beds in a large school building in Paris. During the offensives of 1918, the hospital had as many as 2,000 patients. From taking over the Paris school in September 1918 to when the unit left France on August 13, 1919, the hospital unit treated 8,505 surgical and medical cases, and 7,292 dental cases.
Of the nineteen members of the Siamese Expeditionary Forces who lost their lives during their WWI deployment, eleven died in hospitals. In February 1919 five of these hospital-bound Thai soldiers died at the American Base Hospital No. 57 in Paris.
The unit returned to America on August 22, 1919, aboard the Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, and was demobilized soon after.

## Personnel

Commanding Officer
* Col. Edward C. Mitchell, M. C., April 2, 1918, to August 22, 1919
Chief of surgical service
* LC Frank D. Smythe, M. C.
* Maj. David M. Henning, M. C.
* LC Junius Lynch, M. C.
Chief of medical service
* LC Theodore L. Boutillier, M. C.
# Sainte-Marie-Outre-l'Eau

Sainte-Marie-Outre-l'Eau is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. The name roughly translates as Saint Mary beyond the Water.

## Geography

The village is located approximately 1 kilometre east from Pont-Farcy, on the left bank of the river Vire. The village is a collection of farm houses and a church. The overall population is 85 (in 2008), including outlying farms. Other nearby communes include Pont-Bellanger and Beaumesnil. The nearest large towns are Villedieu-les-Poeles and Vire.
The village is located close to the Calvados tourist attraction Grotte de Bion
# Machar

Machar may refer to:
People:
* Agnes Maule Machar (1837–1927), Canadian author
* Josef Svatopluk Machar (1854–1942), Czech poet and essayist
* Riek Machar (b. 1952), Vice President of Southern Sudan
* Saint Machar, a purported 6th century Gaelic saint
Places:
* Machar Colony, a neighborhood in Kiamari Town, Pakistan
* Machar, Ontario, a township in Canada
* the Machars, a peninsula in southwest Scotland
Other uses:
* Machar (Washington, D.C.), a congregation in the Washington, DC metro area
* Machair (geography), a type of fertile low-lying raised beach
* Machar, a transliteration of the Hebrew word meaning "tomorrow"
* St Machar's Cathedral in Aberdeen, Scotland
* Machar Oilfield, a part of the Eastern Trough Area Project in the North Sea
* Macchar, Hindi and Urdu for mosquito
* an Anglicisation of Machair
# Aminata Traoré

Aminata Traoré may refer to:
* Aminata Traoré (author) (born 1947), Malian politician
* Aminata Traoré (taekwondo) (born 1999), Ivorian taekwondo practitioner
# Amplepuis

Amplepuis (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.
# Macrometopa

Macrometopa is a genus of parasitic flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Macrometopa calogaster (Bigot, 1889)

## Distribution

Mexico.
# Karamea Bight

The Karamea Bight is the name given to a large bay in the Tasman Sea formed by a curved stretch of the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. It stretches for 100 kilometres north from Cape Foulwind to just north of the mouth of the Heaphy River.
# American Monument

The American Monument, also known as Tearful Liberty or the Marne Battle Monument, is a large monumental statue in Meaux, France. It was designed by American sculptor Frederick William MacMonnies and dedicated in 1932 in honor of the Allied troops who died in the First Battle of the Marne during World War I.

## History

In 1914, during the First World War, German troops were advancing through northern France towards Paris. In September of that year, in the area near Meaux, the French Sixth Army launched an offensive against the German First Army. In the ensuing battle (known as the First Battle of the Marne), the French and British combined forces caused the Germans to retreat, saving Paris from attack. In the United States, French sympathizers celebrated the victory. Following the end of the war in 1918, there was an effort to erect a statue to commemorate the battle. A contest was held to determine the designer of this monument, with Frederick William MacMonnies's model being chosen. Funds for the monument were raised in the United States, and it was erected as a gift from Americans to the French people. MacMonnies collaborated with fellow American sculptor Edmondo Quattrocchi on part of the monument. Described as his most ambitious project, the monument would also be one of MacMonnies's last major commissions. The monument took 14 years to erect and was dedicated in September 1932. In attendance at the dedication ceremony were French President Albert Lebrun, President of the Council Édouard Herriot, and members of the American Friends of France and the Ambulance Corps of the American Field Service.
In 2011, the Musée de la Grande Guerre du pays de Meaux [fr] (Museum of the Great War of the country of Meaux) was opened next to the monument.

## Design

The monument is a colossal structure that stands 26 metres (85 ft) tall. Each side of the base measures 15 metres (49 ft). The stone statue depicts a personification of Liberty surrounded by dead and dying people. This central figure is also referred to as Marianne or France Defiant. On top of the figure's right leg is a dead son, while she holds a baby in one hand and a broken sword in the other. The monument bears an inscription near the base which reads in part:
   "Here speak again the silent voices of the heroic sons of France who dared all and gave all in the day of deadly peril and turned back the flood of imminent disaster and thrilled the world by their supreme devotion."
# Majdan (Gornji Milanovac)

Majdan is a village in the municipality of Gornji Milanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 513 people.

## Lake Majdan

In 1953 a tailings dam was built in order to accumulate the byproducts of the nearby lead and zinc mine. It separates the flotation reservoir from the valley of the Despotovica river, which flows through the town of Gornji Milanovac (8 km (5.0 mi) downstream), and from the Ibar Highway. The dam was built on the small stream of Rudnički potok.
The lake is not open for public use. The lake is 1,000 m (3,300 ft) long, 300 m (980 ft) wide and covers an area of 30 ha (74 acres). The tailings is a result of 264,000 tons of ore which is being treated yearly in the mine: lead, zinc, copper and traces of silver.
Considering the burst of the dam as a potential catastrophe, since the tailings would flood Gornji Milanovac, the dam has been upgraded in time. It is fit to survive the earthquake of the 9.0 magnitude on Richter scale. In 2013 a devices for early notification in case of the quake were installed and are directly connected to the state seismology institute. During the major 2014 Southeast Europe floods, the lake accumulated additional 860.000 cubic metres (30,370.6 cubic feet) of water, which would otherwise flood the town. The flood wave from the slopes of the Rudnik mountain was slowed and effectively prolonged in 5 days instead of sweeping at once. The treating apparatus allows for the clean water to be let through the dam into the Despotovica river.
Several projects are being developed. In 2018 a new system for evacuation of the water in case of emergency will be installed, while by 2023 a new plant will be built which will further treat the wastewaters.
# Cuanza, Angola

Cuanza is a city and commune of Angola, located in the province of Bié.
# Cryptorhynchus elegans

Cryptorhynchus elegans is a species of weevils in the subfamily Cryptorhynchinae. It is found in North America.
# Cryptorhynchus lapathi

Cryptorhynchus lapathi is a species of weevil native to Europe. Its common names include poplar and willow borer, osier weevil, and willow weevil.
This weevil has long been known as a pest insect of willows cultivated for basketry.
# Cryptorhynchus obliquus

Cryptorhynchus obliquus is a species of hidden snout weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Cryptorhopalum obesulum

Cryptorhopalum obesulum is a species of carpet beetle in the family Dermestidae. It is found in North America.
# Makari Gbanti Chiefdom

Makari Gbanti is a chiefdom of Bombali District in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. Officially, the principal town now lies at Masongbon. However, the village of Panlap is also considered the headquarters. The historical centre was Makari.
As of 2004, the chiefdom had a population of 41,186.
Sylvanus Koroma, father of President Ernest Bai Koroma, came from the village of Yoni in Makari Gbanti.
# Makarije

Makarije is a Serbian name, a form of the Greek name Makarios.
Notable people with the name include:
* Hieromonk Makarije, Serbian printer of the late 15th century and 16th century
* Makarije Sokolović (died 1574), patriarch of Peć
# Magnetawan Lake

Magnetawan Lake (French: lac Magnetawan) is a lake in Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada. Magnetawan Lake is located just within the boundaries of Algonquin Provincial Park. Being located in the park the lake and its surroundings are protected. Magnetawan Lake also serves as an access point into Algonquin Park with a parking lot located on the shore acting as an entrance point for many canoeists. Algonquin Park Canoe routes pass through the lake and four campsites can be found on the shore as well as two portages. The two portages 340 m and 125 m found on Magnetawan Lake connect this lake with Little Eagle Lake and Hambone Lake respectively.
Magnetawan Lake is the source of the Magnetawan River.
# Crustal magnetism

Crustal magnetism is the magnetic field of the crust of a planetary body. The crustal magnetism of Earth has been studied; in particular, various magnetic crustal anomalies have been studied. Two examples of crustal magnetic anomalies on Earth that have been studied in the Americas are the Brunswick magnetic anomaly (BMA) and East Coast magnetic anomaly (ECMA). Also, there can be a correlation between physical geological features and certain readings from crustal magnetism on Earth. Below the surface of the Earth, the crustal magnetism is lost because the temperature rises above the curie temperature of the materials producing the field.
On Mars the crustal magnetic fields have been noted as affecting its ionosphere. (See also Atmosphere of Mars) The magnetic fields on Mars from its rocks and crust are thought to come from ferromagnetism and if the material is heated above its curie temperature the magnetic imprint is un-done. The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) discovered magnetic stripes in the crust of Mars, especially in the Phaethontis and Eridania quadrangles (Terra Cimmeria and Terra Sirenum). The magnetometer on MGS discovered 100 km (62 mi) wide stripes of magnetized crust running roughly parallel for up to 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi). These stripes alternate in polarity, with the north magnetic pole of one pointing up from the surface and the north magnetic pole of the next pointing down. When similar stripes were discovered on Earth in the 1960s, they were taken as evidence of plate tectonics. Researchers believe these magnetic stripes on Mars are evidence for a short, early period of plate tectonic activity. Only roughly half of Mars seems to have a crustal magnetic field; there are several possible explanations for this, such as that an internal dynamo only affected part of the planet, or that a body struck Mars in the past destroying the magnetism.
Lunar crustal magnetism has also been discovered and studied. The Lunar Prospector probe of the 1990s mapped the lunar crustal magnetic field across the whole globe of the Moon for the first time. This allowed the impact on magnetic fields of previously identified impact basins to be studied. The impact basins Orientale and Imbrium had some of the weakest magnetic fields in the survey, and additional study puts constraints on the existence of steady ambient lunar magnetic fields in the Moon's past given the assumptions of the data and collection techniques. Remnant crustal magnetic fields are studied on Moon as in this case, and have also been examined on Earth and on Mars. However, these are the only bodies that have by the early 21st century been studied, though it is predicted other bodies will have this geological feature.
# Crustacyanin

Crustacyanin is a carotenoprotein biological pigment found in the exoskeleton of lobsters and blue crabs and responsible for their blue colour. β-Crustacyanin (β-CR), is composed of two stacked astaxanthin carotenoids that absorb at λ = 580–590 nm (2.10–2.14 eV). α-crustacyanin (α-CR) is an assembly of eight β-CR protein dimers. It is a 320 kDa (atomic mass) complex containing 16 astaxanthin molecules. Although the β-CR dimer has a peak wavelength of 580 nm, α-CR exhibits a bathochromic shift to 632 nm; the mechanism and function of the additional wavelength shift is not understood.