OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Drag boat racing

Drag boat racing is a form of drag racing which takes place on water rather than land. As with land-based drag racing, competitors race their vehicles for the lowest elapsed time (low ET) over a straight race course of a defined length. There are three standard drag race course lengths, 660 feet (1/8 mile), 1,320 foot (1/4 mile), and the most common length, used in professional drag boat racing, 1,000 feet (3/16 mile plus 10 feet). Unlike traditional drag racing on land, which begins from a standing start, drag boat racing begins from a short rolling start to a point that cannot be passed until the green "start" light illuminates, an idea which has now taken place with drag racing on land ("roll racing"). There are numerous categories of professional and sportsmen classes based on various engine configuration, fuel type, hull design and propulsion types. The premier category of drag boat racing being the Top Fuel Hydroplane class which is the water based equivalent to Top Fuel Dragsters capable of covering the liquid quarter mile in less than five seconds with a top speed of around 270 mph (434 km/h). The biggest event on the drag boat calendar is the LODBRS World Finals which takes place at Firebird Raceway Phoenix, Arizona.
Lake Lucas was the world's first purpose-built drag boat racing lake when built in 2011. The facility played host to drag boat races for eight straight years until the Lucas Oil Drag Boat Series was discontinued at the conclusion of the 2018 season. Citing a need for the company to move in a new direction, then everything changed in 2020.
Drag Boats then returned to Lake Lucas in 2020 for events under SDBA, KDBA sanctions and then in 2021 for a three-day summer event Diamond Nartionals for drag boats with top fuel.

## Notable drag boat racers

* Eddie Hill
* Casey McClellan
# Mecamylamine

Mecamylamine (INN, BAN; or mecamylamine hydrochloride (USAN); brand names Inversine, Vecamyl) is a non-selective, non-competitive antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that was introduced in the 1950s as an antihypertensive drug. In the United States, it was voluntarily withdrawn from the market in 2009 but was brought to market in 2013 as Vecamyl and eventually was marketed by Turing Pharmaceuticals.
Chemically, mecamylamine is a secondary aliphatic amine, with a pK$_{aH}$ of 11.2

## Medical uses

Mecamylamine has been used as an orally-active ganglionic blocker in treating autonomic dysreflexia and hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, it is more often used now as a research tool.
Mecamylamine is also sometimes used as an antiaddictive drug to help people stop smoking tobacco, and is now more widely used for this application than it is for lowering blood pressure. This effect is thought to be due to its blocking α3β4 nicotinic receptors in the brain. It has also been reported to bring about sustained relief from tics in Tourette syndrome when a series of more usually used agents had failed.
In a recent double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase II trial in Indian patients with major depression, (S)-mecamylamine (TC-5214) appeared to have efficacy as an augmentation therapy. This is the first substantive evidence that shows that compounds where the primary pharmacology is antagonism to neuronal nicotinic receptors will have antidepressant properties. TC-5214 is currently in Phase III of clinical development as an add-on treatment and on stage II as a monotherapy treatment for major depression. The first results reported from the Phase III trials showed that TC-5214 failed to meet the primary goal and the trial did not replicate the effects that had been encouraging in the Phase II trial. Development is funded by Targacept and AstraZeneca. It did not produce meaningful, beneficial results on patients as measured by changes on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale after eight weeks of treatment as compared with placebo.

## Overdose

The LD$_{50}$ for the HCl salt in mice: 21 mg/kg (i.v.); 37 mg/kg (i.p.); 96 mg/kg (p.o.).

## Pharmacology

(S)-(+)-Mecamylamine dissociates more slowly from α4β2 and α3β4 receptors than does the (R)-(−)-enantiomer.
A large SAR study of mecamylamine and its analogs was reported by a group from Merck in 1962. Another, more recent SAR study was undertaken by Suchocki et al.
A comprehensive review of the pharmacology of mecamylamine was published in 2001.

## History

Mecamylamine was brought to market by Merck & Co. in the 1950s; in 1996 Merck sold the asset to Layton Bioscience. In 2002, Targacept acquired it from Layton, intending to repurpose it for CNS conditions. Targacept voluntarily withdrew mecamylamine from the market in 2009 for reasons not related to safety or efficacy. Manchester Pharmaceuticals brought the drug back to market in 2013. Retrophin acquired Manchester in 2014 and after Martin Shkreli was forced out of Retrophin, in 2014 his new company, Turing Pharmaceuticals, acquired the rights to mecamylamine from Retrophin.
# Ammarqua Strait

Ammarqua Strait (old spelling: Angmarqua) is a strait in the southern part of the Upernavik Archipelago in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland.

## Geography

The strait separates Nutaarmiut Island from four large islands in the east, Uilortussoq Island and Saninngassoq Island in the north; Nako Island and Akuliaruseq Island in the south. The Eqalugaarsuit Suulluat Fjord opens into Ammarqua Strait immediately to the east of the southern cape, to the north of Kangeq Peninsula off the mainland of Greenland.
At the southern mouth of the strait at the confluence with Baffin Bay are two islands: the Ineraq Island and the double Singarnaq-Annertussoq Island, as well as smaller skerries.
# Daven A. Anderson

Daven A. Anderson (born June 30, 1943) is an American oil and watercolor painter who is well known for his representational paintings, especially marine scenes.

## Early life and career

Anderson was born in Washington D.C. and was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. He attended the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland earning a Bachelor's degree in Engineering, studied nuclear engineering while in the Navy, and served in the nuclear submarine navy. He earned an MBA from the University of Chicago. Anderson is a self-taught artist with paintings in various collections including the permanent collections of the Channel Islands Maritime Museum, the Maritime Museum of San Diego, Evansville Museum of Arts, History and Science, the Missouri Historical Society, the United States Naval Academy, the Rosemary Berkel and Henry L. Crisp II Museum, the Erie maritime Museum, the Kenosha Public Museum, the United States Coast Guard Art Museum and the St. Louis Mercantile Art Museum. Anderson taught watercolor for two years at the University of Missouri Saint Louis. In 2018, He has taught workshops in museums and for artists around the United States, on Celebrity and American cruises, and co-led a 16-day Plein air painting tour of China. Anderson is the current (since 2015) Executive Director of the Missouri Watercolor Society and the past (2014-2018) Managing Director of the American Society of Marine Artists.

## Achievements

Anderson has had seventeen museum exhibitions national and internationally. His series of 65 works in oil and watercolor: THE RIVERS: A Celebration of Life and Work on America’s Waterways was exhibited in seven United States museum exhibitions. A 144 page full color exhibition catalog supported the exhibitions. In March, 2017, Anderson received the prestigious Donald T. Wright Award, presented biennially by the Herman T. Pott National Inland Waterway Collection of the St. Louis Mercantile Library and Art Museum in recognition of a body of work that contributes significantly to a better understanding of the American inland waterways. Daven Anderson is a signature member of various art societies in the United States and a member of the St. Louis Artists Guild. Anderson’s work has been featured in various news magazines including the National Maritime Historical Society’s magazine, Sea History. He has been interviewed on the radio and on TV in both the United States and China.
# Holly Williams

Holly Williams may refer to:
* Holly Williams (journalist), Australian foreign correspondent and war correspondent
* Holly Williams (musician) (b. 1981), American singer-songwriter
* Holly Williams (writer), Welsh arts and features writer and theatre critic
# Solomon Islands at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships

Solomon Islands is set to compete at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan from 14 to 30 July.

## Swimming

Solomon Islands entered 2 swimmers.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Edgar Iro | 50 metre freestyle | 27.28 | 102 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Edgar Iro | 100 metre freestyle | 59.94 | 108 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Guinea–Sierra Leone border

The Guinea–Sierra Leone border is 794 km (493 m) in length and runs from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the tripoint with Liberia in the east.

## Description

The border starts in the west at the Atlantic coast, and then proceeds overland in a north-easterly direction via various irregular and some straight lines, as well as the Great Scarcies River, before reaching the 10th parallel north. The boundary then follows this parallel eastwards for circa 75 km (47 m), before proceeding in a south-westerly direction, cutting across the Loma and Tingi Mountains, down to the Meli river. The border follows the Meli down to the confluence with the Moa/Makona, and then follows the Makona eastwards to the Liberian tripoint.

## History

Sierra Leone was founded by the British in the 1780s as haven for rescued and freed slaves; the area around Freetown was made a crown colony in 1808 and British rule gradually extended over the interior over the following decades. France had also taken an interest in the West African coast, settling in the region of modern Senegal in the 17th century and later annexing the coast of what is now Guinea in the late 19th century as the Rivières du Sud colony. The area was renamed French Guinea 1893, and was later included within the French West Africa colony.
The 1880s saw an intense competition between the European powers for territories in Africa, a process known as the Scramble for Africa. The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward. As a result, France and Britain signed a treaty on 28 June 1882 delimiting a boundary between Sierra Leone and Guinea, terminating inland at an undetermined point; another treaty of 10 August 1889 extended the boundary further to the east. This boundary was extended again by a treaty of 21 January 1895 down to the vicinity of Timbekundu, and was then demarcated on the ground from December 1895-May 1896; this demarcation was approved by an exchange of notes in June 1898. Meanwhile, the French Guinea–Liberia border was modified in September 1907–11, as was the Liberia–Sierra Leone border in January 1911, thereby extending the French Guinea-Sierra Leone boundary further south. Britain and France confirmed the new French-Guinea-Sierra Leone boundary line in June 1911 and signed a treaty to this effect on 4 September 1913.
French Guinea gained independence in 1958, followed by Sierra Leone in 1961, and the boundary then became one between two sovereign states. During the Sierra Leone Civil War (1991-2001) some trouble occurred at the border town of Yenga, prompting Guinea to cross the border and occupy the town. The dispute was settled in 2013 and the town returned to Sierra Leonean control.

## Settlements near the border
### Guinea

* Pamela
* Farmoriah
* Degui
* Moungata
* Koundou

### Sierra Leone

* Kambia
* Bramaia
* Kukuna
* Koliba
* Gberia Fotombu
* Bendugu
* Faragbema
* Saiama
* Kainkordu
* Dia
* Yenga
# Haggle (architecture)

Haggle is a European Union funded project in Situated and Autonomic Communications.
Haggle is an autonomic networking architecture designed to enable communication when network connectivity is intermittent. In particular, Haggle exploits opportunistic contacts between mobile users to deliver data to the destination.
# Sir William Congreve, 1st Baronet

Lieutenant General Sir William Congreve, 1st Baronet (4 July 1742 – 30 April 1814) was a British military officer who improved artillery strength through gunpowder experiments.

## Personal life

William Congreve was born in Stafford on 4 July 1742. He and his first wife, Rebecca Elmston, had four children together, two sons and two daughters. His eldest son, William Congreve, invented the Congreve Rocket. His second wife, Julia-Elizabeth Eyre, died aged 78 in 1831.
Congreve was made a Baronet on 7 December 1812. He died on 30 April 1814. He was succeeded in his posts by his son.

## Military career

By 1778 Congreve had obtained the rank of Captain and was appointed Superintendent of Military Machines. He worked out of Woolwich where he had the resources to train artillerymen. Sir William advocated government-run gunpowder mills, arguing that the privately owned concerns "have had such a prodigious profit allowed them" and yet the merchants left the job in the hands of "artful but ignorant Foremen, who probably made a very considerable profit by their Masters' inattention". As during the Seven Years' War England had become increasingly concerned about the low standard of their gunpowder, the government was convinced to purchase an additional set of powder mills instead of farming out production to powder merchants. The Faversham Mill was purchased in 1759, followed by Waltham Abbey in 1787 and Ballincollig in 1804.
Sir William became the deputy comptroller of the Woolwich Royal Laboratory in 1783, with control over the Faversham and Waltham Abbey mills. In 1789, then-Major Congreve was appointed as comptroller. Author Brenda Buchanan asserts, that during his time in these positions, he oversaw three major changes in the manufacturing of gunpowder, being "the substitution of edge runner mills for stamping mills ..., the production of charcoal by low-temperature distillation in closed iron cylinders, and the employment of screw presses for compacting powder into cakes." In this role he also implemented the manufacture of two different kinds of powder, one for muskets and one for canons. Congreve believed that the different powders led to an increase in ballistic force. However Steele and Doorland have suggested that the perceived increase in strength may have come from better quality construction materials.
Congreve oversaw the establishment of two new facilities at Portsmouth and Plymouth which were dedicated to revitalizing damp or lumpy powder, as the procedure for fixing such issues was quicker than the process for making new powder. This resulted in an improved method of extracting saltpetre and consequently higher quality gunpowder.
# Hairi Katagiri

Yumi Katagiri (片桐 由美, Katagiri Yumi, born January 18, 1963, in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan), better known as Hairi Katagiri (片桐 はいり, Katagiri Hairi), is a Japanese actress represented by Stardust Promotion.

## Filmography
### TV series

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2015 | Ōsugi Tantei Jimusho | Yuri Shiraishi | | |
| 2022 | Chimudondon | Kyōko Shimoji | Asadora | |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2016 | Shin Godzilla | |
| 2019 | Listen to the Universe | |
| 2021 | Hold Me Back | Sawada |
| 2021 | Love Mooning | Ikeda |
| 2021 | The Blue Danube | |
| 2021 | It's a Flickering Life | |
| 2022 | Wedding High | Higuchi |
| 2023 | Ice Cream Fever | |
| 2024 | Maru | |

### Dubbing

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2016 | The Good Dinosaur | Ramsey | | |
# Allison, New Brunswick

46°03′48″N 64°54′47″W﻿ / ﻿46.063417°N 64.912972°W﻿ / 46.063417; -64.912972
Allison is a community in Moncton Parish, New Brunswick on Route 106, approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) west of Moncton.
# Harold Jeppe

Harold Jeppe (24 January 1899 – 4 March 1975) was a South African hurdler. He competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# Daven Presgraves

Daven Presgraves is University Dean's Professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Rochester.

## Education and career

Presgraves earned his B.S. and an M.S. at the University of Maryland at College Park and a second M.S. and a Ph.D. in ecology and evolutionary biology from the University of Rochester. After completing his Ph.D, he was an Alexander von Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Munich and an NIH-NRSA Postdoctoral Fellow at Cornell University.

## Work

Presgraves' work has contributed to the current understanding of sexual selection, meiotic drive, and the X-Chromosome's evolutionary importance. His work has led to the confirmation of a phenomenon called the "large X-effect," which describes the integral role of the X-Chromosome as a wedge in driving speciation.

## Awards and recognition

In 2003, Presgraves was awarded the Dobzhansky Prize by the Society for the Study of Evolution in recognition of his accomplishments as an outstanding young evolutionary biologist. He was the first Dobzhansky Prize winner to have been trained by a previous recipient of the prize: H. Allen Orr.

## Notable publications

* "High-resolution genome-wide dissection of the two rules of speciation in Drosophila", PLoS Biology
* "Recombination enhances protein adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster", Current Biology
* "Adaptive evolution drives divergence of a hybrid inviability gene between two species of Drosophila", Nature
* "Linkage limits the power of natural selection in Drosophila", PNAS
* "Haldane's rule is obeyed in taxa lacking a hemizygous sex", Science
# Donna Gaines

Donna Gaines is a sociologist, journalist, and social worker in the United States.
Gaines is best known for her work on youth suicide and popular culture. Gaines has written features for Rolling Stone, MS, the Village Voice, Spin, Newsday and Salon. Gaines is the author of Teenage Wasteland: Suburbia's Dead End Kids (University of Chicago Press 1997), A Misfit's Manifesto: The Sociological Memoir of a Rock & Roll Heart (Rutgers University Press 2007), and Why The Ramones Matter (ForeEdge/UPNE 2018).
# Dixmier trace

In mathematics, the Dixmier trace, introduced by Jacques Dixmier (1966), is a non-normal trace on a space of linear operators on a Hilbert space larger than the space of trace class operators. Dixmier traces are examples of singular traces.
Some applications of Dixmier traces to noncommutative geometry are described in (Connes 1994).

## Definition

If H is a Hilbert space, then L$^{1,∞}$(H) is the space of compact linear operators T on H such that the norm
    $\|T\|_{1,\infty }=\sup _{N}{\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{N}\mu _{i}(T)}{\log(N)}}$
is finite, where the numbers μ$_i$(T) are the eigenvalues of |T| arranged in decreasing order. Let
    $a_{N}={\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{N}\mu _{i}(T)}{\log(N)}}$.
The Dixmier trace Tr$_ω$(T) of T is defined for positive operators T of L$^{1,∞}$(H) to be
    $\operatorname {Tr} _{\omega }(T)=\lim _{\omega }a_{N}$
where lim$_ω$ is a scale-invariant positive "extension" of the usual limit, to all bounded sequences. In other words, it has the following properties:
* lim$_ω$(α$_n$) ≥ 0 if all α$_n$ ≥ 0 (positivity)
* lim$_ω$(α$_n$) = lim(α$_n$) whenever the ordinary limit exists
* lim$_ω$(α$_1$, α$_1$, α$_2$, α$_2$, α$_3$, ...) = lim$_ω$(α$_n$) (scale invariance)
There are many such extensions (such as a Banach limit of α$_1$, α$_2$, α$_4$, α$_8$,...) so there are many different Dixmier traces. As the Dixmier trace is linear, it extends by linearity to all operators of L$^{1,∞}$(H). If the Dixmier trace of an operator is independent of the choice of lim$_ω$ then the operator is called measurable.

## Properties

* Tr$_ω$(T) is linear in T.
* If T ≥ 0 then Tr$_ω$(T) ≥ 0
* If S is bounded then Tr$_ω$(ST) = Tr$_ω$(TS)
* Tr$_ω$(T) does not depend on the choice of inner product on H.
* Tr$_ω$(T) = 0 for all trace class operators T, but there are compact operators for which it is equal to 1.
A trace φ is called normal if φ(sup x$_α$) = sup φ( x$_α$) for every bounded increasing directed family of positive operators. Any normal trace on $L^{1,\infty }(H)$ is equal to the usual trace, so the Dixmier trace is an example of a non-normal trace.

## Examples

A compact self-adjoint operator with eigenvalues 1, 1/2, 1/3, ... has Dixmier trace equal to 1.
If the eigenvalues μ$_i$ of the positive operator T have the property that
    $\zeta _{T}(s)=\operatorname {Tr} (T^{s})=\sum {\mu _{i}^{s}}$
converges for Re(s)>1 and extends to a meromorphic function near s=1 with at most a simple pole at s=1, then the Dixmier trace of T is the residue at s=1 (and in particular is independent of the choice of ω).
Connes (1988) showed that Wodzicki's noncommutative residue (Wodzicki 1984) of a pseudodifferential operator on a manifold M of order -dim(M) is equal to its Dixmier trace.
# Eisenstein's theorem

In mathematics, Eisenstein's theorem, named after the German mathematician Gotthold Eisenstein, applies to the coefficients of any power series which is an algebraic function with rational number coefficients. Through the theorem, it is readily demonstrable, for example, that the exponential function must be a transcendental function.

## Theorem

Suppose that
    $\sum _^a_{n}t^{n}$
is a formal power series with rational coefficients a$_n$, which has a non-zero radius of convergence in the complex plane, and within it represents an analytic function that is in fact an algebraic function. Then Eisenstein's theorem states that there exists a non-zero integer A, such that A$^n$a$_n$ are all integers.
This has an interpretation in terms of p-adic numbers: with an appropriate extension of the idea, the p-adic radius of convergence of the series is at least 1, for almost all p (i.e., the primes outside a finite set S). In fact that statement is a little weaker, in that it disregards any initial partial sum of the series, in a way that may vary according to p. For the other primes the radius is non-zero.

## History

Eisenstein's original paper is the short communication Über eine allgemeine Eigenschaft der Reihen-Entwicklungen aller algebraischen Funktionen (1852), reproduced in Mathematische Gesammelte Werke, Band II, Chelsea Publishing Co., New York, 1975, p. 765–767.
More recently, many authors have investigated precise and effective bounds quantifying the above almost all. See, e.g., Sections 11.4 and 11.55 of the book by E. Bombieri & W. Gubler.