OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Russell Docker

Russell Docker (born 15 May 1967) is a British Paralympic skier. Docker was paralysed from the chest down after he broke two vertebrae in his back in a five-metre fall while on a skiing holiday in 1995. He has competed at three Winter Paralympic Games, his best finish was a 23rd place in 2006.

## Early life and accident

Docker was born in Poole, Dorset and attended school in Blandford. He trained as an electrician for three years, then as a ceramic tiler before running his own business for five years. He took up skiing at the age of 18 years. In 1995 whilst skiing in Avoriaz, France he was walking across a bridge when the snow collapsed, causing him to fall five meters. He broke two vertebrae in his back, causing damage to his spinal cord which left him paralysed. Following his accident Docker took up skiing again using a sit-ski, also known as a mono-ski, which features a chair mounted on a single ski, with two short crutches for support.

## Paralympics

His first Paralympic appearance came at the 2002 Winter Paralympics held in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States where he was one of two British athletes to compete. He participated in four events in the LW12 classification but crashed out in the downhill event and failed to complete his other three races. Docker was selected for his second Paralympics in 2006; he again competed in four events and achieved a highest finish of 23rd in the Super-G.
Docker's preparations for the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver were hindered by both the financial problems and eventual collapse of governing body SnowsportGB in the run up to the Games and a hairline fracture in his foot, which he suffered after dropping a medicine ball on it in training. At the Games he was disqualified in the downhill and failed to finish in the slalom and giant slalom following falls. The only race he completed was Super-G, where he placed 29th.

## Other events

At the 2004 World Championships Docker finished 6th in downhill, 12th in Super-G and 15th in slalom. A year later he won a gold medal in the Super-G event at the European Cup Final in Austria. In the 2009 World Cup he finished 17th in downhill and 15th in Super-Combined at the event in Sestriere and finished 15th in Super-Combined in Whistler. Docker won a bronze medal in the Super-G at the 2009 European Cup Final in Jasna, Slovakia.
# Jérôme Rivière

Jérôme Rivière (born 8 July 1964) is a French politician, lawyer and entrepreneur who has served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2019 to 2024. A member of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) until 2007, he was a member of the National Rally (RN), previously known as the National Front (FN), from 2017 until 2022, when he announced his support for Éric Zemmour in the 2022 presidential election and was appointed vice chairman of Zemmour's newly-founded Reconquête party.

## Biography
### Education

Born in Suresnes, Hauts-de-Seine near Paris. Rivière received a master's degree from the ISG business school and an MBA from the European University of America at the University of San Francisco.

### Career

He served as the deputy chief of staff for the Minister of Defense from 1993 to 1995 and was elected to the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur where he served from 1998 to 2004.
Rivière represented the first constituency of Alpes-Maritimes in the French National Assembly from 2002 to 2007 as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He was also a member of the subsidiary groups The Free Right and the National Centre of Independents and Peasants. In 2007, he endorsed Philippe de Villiers, the leader of the Movement for France (MPF) in the 2007 presidential election over his party's candidate, the eventual winner, Nicolas Sarkozy. As a result, he was excluded from the UMP and failed to receive the party's nomination for that year's legislative elections. He was defeated running as a right-wing independent in his constituency against the UMP's official candidate and eventual winner Éric Ciotti.
In 2009, the MPF-Libertas selected him to lead the list in the Île-de-France constituency ahead of the 2009 European elections. In November 2016, Rivière became the candidate backed by the National Front in the sixth constituency of Var for the 2017 legislative election, a race which he lost. He is Marine Le Pen's strategic advisor for defense policy and the international spokesperson for the National Rally. In May 2019, he was elected to the European Parliament. Rivière was subsequently elected President of the French delegation to the Identity and Democracy group in the European Parliament. According to news media sources, he would serve as Minister of Defense in a government led by Marine Le Pen.
In January 2022, he decided to join Éric Zemmour's presidential campaign ahead of the 2022 French presidential election. As a result he relinquished the presidency of the French delegation to the Identity and Democracy Group at the European Parliament and was appointed Vice-Chairman of Reconquête, Zemmour's new political party.
# Ludwigia polycarpa

Ludwigia polycarpa, common names many-fruited false-loosestrife and false loosestrife seedbox, is a plant found in North America. It is listed as a special concern and believed extirpated in Connecticut, and as endangered in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Vermont.
# Luis Melián Lafinur

Luis Melián Lafinur (10 January 1850 – 27 February 1939) was a Uruguayan jurist, essayist, professor and politician. He was the son of Bernardo Melián and Florencia Lafinur. His son was the Argentine poet Álvaro Melián Lafinur.

## Biography

He earned a Doctor of Laws degree from the University of Buenos Aires in 1870. He took up arms at least twice, once in 1886 as part of the ultimately unsuccessful Revolution of Quebracho, and again in 1904 in support of the government as a battalion commander in the National Guard during the unsuccessful revolution led by Aparicio Saravia.
He represented Uruguay at the 1906 Pan-American Conference in Rio de Janeiro, and was simultaneously appointed Minister to the United States, Mexico, and Cuba. He was also editor of two newspapers, El Plata and La Razón.
From 1908 to 1909, he was the president of the Atheneum of Montevideo.
He was an uncle of the famous Argentine author Jorge Luis Borges, and is referenced in Borges' story "Funes, the Memorious," where his name is one of the numbers in Funes' new numbering system:
    In place of seven thousand thirteen, he would say (for example) Máximo Perez; in place of seven thousand fourteen, The Train; other numbers were Luis Melián Lafinur, Olimar, Brimstone, Clubs, The Whale, Gas, The Cauldron, Napoleon, Agustín de Vedia.
He also appears in Borges' short poem "The Dagger", which begins:
    A dagger rests in a drawer.
    It was forged in Toledo at the end of the last century. Luis Melián Lafinur gave it to my father, who brought it from Uruguay. Evaristo Carriego once held it in his hand.
Diplomatic posts :
| Preceded byEduardo Acevedo Diaz | Uruguayan Minister to the United States December 1906 – 31 May 1911 | Succeeded byCarlos Maria de Pena |
# Luis Mena (Nicaraguan politician)

Luis Mena Vado (c. 1865 – 20 May 1928) was the President of Nicaragua from 27 to 30 August 1910, after the fall of the government of General José Santos Zelaya. He later became acting President in rebellion. Mena was a conservative, part of the coalition government that also included liberal Juan Jose Estrada and conservatives Emiliano Chamorro and Adolfo Diaz.

## Liberal-Conservative Revolution 1912

He was one of the leaders along with Benjamin Zeledon and Marcelo Castañeda On 23 September, General Mena, then the top leader of the revolutionaries, surrendered without a fight to the high command of the marines in the city of Granada and was sent into exile in Panama.
# Consejo Nacional de Relaciones Exteriores

The Panamanian National Council on Foreign Relations "Consejo Nacional de Relaciones Exteriores" or CONAREX is a consultation body of the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
The council was created under the Law 28 of 1999 under the government of Ricardo Martinelli of Panama. The members serve pro bono and are appointed by the Executive and convenes tri-annually, or "when is convened extraordinarily". The first council was installed November 19, 2009, when Vice President Juan Carlos Varela, served as foreign minister.
Foreign Minister Nunez Fabrega said one of the members resigned in 2013 due to the North Korea Ship Seizure but would not name them.

## 1999- Members

* Rafael E. Bárcenas Perez

## 2009-2014 Members

* José Miguel Alemán Healy
* Víctor S. Azrak
* Rafael E. Bárcenas Perez
* Navin Bhakta
* Alejandro Blanco
* Aníbal Galindo Navarro
* Emanuel González-Revilla Jurado
* William Liberman (Guillermo)
* Guido J. Martinelli Endara
* Jurgen Mossack
* Stanley Alberto Motta Cunningham
* Janet Poll Sarlabous
* Nicholas Psychoyos Tagaropulos
* Isabel St. Malo de Alvarado
* Taher Yaafar Chahine
Secretary : Tomás A. Guardia

## 2014-2016 Members

* Alejandro Blanco
* Alberto Alemán Zubieta
* Alexandra Castro
* Álvaro Tomas
* Anabella de Rubinoff
* Emanuel González Revilla Jurado
* Irene Perurena
* Isaac Btesh
* Janet Poll Sarlabous
* Marcel Salamín
* Joseph E. Harari
* José Miguel Alemán
* Ramón Morales
* Ricardo Alberto Arias
* Sabrina Bacal
* Stanley Motta
* Taher Yaafar

## Notable members

Jürgen Mossack served the council from 2009 to 2014. On April 7, 2016, it was announced that he was resigning after the Panama Papers leak.
# Luka, Dubrovnik-Neretva County

Luka is a village in the municipality of Ston, Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 151. It was 153 in 2011.
# Luka, Bosansko Grahovo

Luka is a village in the municipality of Bosansko Grahovo, Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 60.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 36 | 60.0% |
| Serbs | 20 | 33.3% |
| other/undeclared | 4 | 6.7% |
| Total | 60 | 100% |

## Footnotes

* ↑ Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue 2019, pp. 500–501.
# Adrien-Joseph Le Valois d'Orville

Adrien-Joseph le Valois d'Orville, real name Adrien Joseph de Valois, (paroisse Notre Dame des Champs in Paris, 8 June 1715 – 1780) was an 18th-century French librettist. The son of Adrien de Valois and Marie Suzanne Durand de Linois, he married Geneviève Chapelon with whom he had two children, Alexis et Victor.
He wrote several parodies of operas and tragedies, mainly for the Théâtre de la foire and the Opéra-Comique.
He is mostly known for his adaptation of the libretto of Platée, opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau who had acquired the rights from its original author, Jacques Autreau.
# Karn's algorithm

Karn's algorithm addresses the problem of getting accurate estimates of the round-trip time for messages when using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in computer networking. The algorithm, also sometimes termed as the Karn-Partridge algorithm was proposed in a paper by Phil Karn and Craig Partridge in 1987.
Accurate round trip estimates in TCP can be difficult to calculate because of an ambiguity created by retransmitted segments. The round trip time is estimated as the difference between the time that a segment was sent and the time that its acknowledgment was returned to the sender, but when packets are re-transmitted there is an ambiguity: the acknowledgment may be a response to the first transmission of the segment or to a subsequent re-transmission.
Karn's Algorithm ignores retransmitted segments when updating the round-trip time estimate. Round trip time estimation is based only on unambiguous acknowledgments, which are acknowledgments for segments that were sent only once.
This simplistic implementation of Karn's algorithm can lead to problems as well. Consider what happens when TCP sends a segment after a sharp increase in delay. Using the prior round-trip time estimate, TCP computes a timeout and retransmits a segment. If TCP ignores the round-trip time of all retransmitted packets, the round trip estimate will never be updated, and TCP will continue retransmitting every segment, never adjusting to the increased delay.
A solution to this problem is to incorporate transmission timeouts with a timer backoff strategy. The timer backoff strategy computes an initial timeout. If the timer expires and causes a retransmission, TCP increases the timeout generally by a factor of two. This algorithm has proven to be extremely effective in balancing performance and efficiency in networks with high packet loss. Ideally, Karn's algorithm would not be needed. Networks that have high round-trip time and retransmission timeouts should be investigated using root cause analysis techniques.
# Saltwort

Saltwort is a common name for various genera of flowering plants that thrive in salty environments, typically in coastal salt marshes and seashores, including:
   * Salsola and related genera within subfamily Salsoloideae
   * Salicornia
   * Tecticornia
   * Sarcocornia
   * Suaeda
   * Halogeton
   * and others: the above genera are in the family Amaranthaceae, which contains certain other saltwort genera not mentioned above, but not all Amaranthaceae are saltworts.
   * Batis, in the family Bataceae
The ashes of these plants yield soda ash, which is an important ingredient for glassmaking and soapmaking.
See also glasswort – glassworts are saltworts, and saltworts can be glassworts
See also Saltbush aka Atriplex, a genus thriving in salty environments
# Dean Magraw

Dean Magraw is an American guitarist and composer.

## Biography

Magraw was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota and grew up in St. Paul. He began playing guitar at the age of 13. Magraw performed in a duo for many years with Peter Ostroushko and has also performed with Tim Sparks, John Gorka and many other artists.
His musical spectrum ranges from world music band Boiled in Lead to jazz band Red Planet.

## Discography
### Solo

* Broken Silence (1994) Red House
* Kitchen Man (1997) Acoustic Music
* Seventh One (1998) Red House
* Heavy Meadow (2003) Acoustic Music
* Celtic Hymns (2006) Lifescapes Music
* Music For Healing (2007) Lifescapes
* Foxfire (2008) CandyRat

### With others

* Duo (1991) Red House (with Peter Ostroushko)
* Jaguar at Half Moon (1998)
* Raven (2006) Compass Records (with John Williams)
* Unseen Rain (2007) CandyRat (with Jim Anton and JT Bates)
* Silver (2008) (with Boiled in Lead)
* Next (2008) (with Francois Corneloup)
* Healing (2009) New Folk Records (with Bruce Kurnow)
* Space Dust (2010) GoneJazz Records (with Red Planet)
* How the Light Gets In (2010) Red House (with Marcus Wise)
# Curaco de Vélez

Curaco de Vélez is Chilean commune in Chiloé Archipelago which is part of Chiloé Province and Los Lagos Region. The commune is located in western Quinchao Island while the eastern part is administered by the commune of Quinchao.

## History

Curaco is proud of its association with several famous Chilean sailors. From the War of the Pacific are Admiral Galvarino Riveros and Rear Admiral Manuel Oyarzún. Also remembered is Carlos Miller Norton navigator of the Goleta Ancud that took possession of the Straights of Magellan in 1843 for Chile. Hydrographer and explorer Francisco Hudson was also native to the town.
Galvarino Riveros Cárdenas was born in Changüitad. In his career he cruised the entire coastline of Chile caring out many delicate and important missions. He served the country with distinction in the War of the Pacific (1879).
On 13 and 15 January 1881, in command of his squadron, Riveros provided protective fire for the army assault that defeated the Peruvian forces leading to the surrender of Lima and Callao.

## Architecture

In 1660 the Jesuits noted simple dwellings here. The first haphazard buildings were of timber and straw. By 1724 the population was 262 made up of 33 families. By the beginning of the 20th century it had not grown much and the settlement was small and poor without streets or landing places. In 1901 Bishop Ramón Angel Jara created the parish and took up the task of giving it a structure that would allow for future growth.
One of the attractions for a visitor is the characteristic vernacular architecture of Chiloé that makes good use of features such as balconies and lookouts that create an air of simplicity and originality.
Churches dating from the 18th and 19th century reflect a strong faith. These are constructed of timber from the noble alerce and cypress trees.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Curaco de Vélez spans an area of 80 km$^2$ (31 sq mi) and has 3,403 inhabitants (1,642 men and 1,761 women), making the commune an entirely rural area. The population grew by 12.6% (382 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.

## Administration

As a commune, Curaco de Vélez is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Luis Curumilla Sotomayor (PDC).
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Curaco de Vélez is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Gabriel Ascencio (PDC) and Alejandro Santana (RN) as part of the 58th electoral district, together with Castro, Ancud, Quemchi, Dalcahue, Quinchao, Puqueldón, Chonchi, Queilén, Quellón, Chaitén, Hualaihué, Futaleufú and Palena. The commune is represented in the Senate by Camilo Escalona Medina (PS) and Carlos Kuschel Silva (RN) as part of the 17th senatorial constituency (Los Lagos Region).
# Schwalm (region)

The Schwalm is a natural region or landscape unit within the West Hesse Depression and also the smallest basin within it. It is named after the River Schwalm, on whose middle reaches it lies. In the east the Schwalm region is bounded by the Knüll hills, in the south by the northern foothills of the Vogelsberg and, in the west, by the Gilserberg Heights. In the north the Schwalm transitions into the Landsburg Basin.
The natural region sub-unit of the Schwalm has the following sub-sub-units:
Sub-units of the Schwalm natural region :
| Number | Natural region | Area km$^2$ | Topographic map |
| 343.0 | Schwalm | | |
| 343.00 | Schwalmgrund | 17,83 | TK25 No. 5121 |
| 343.01 | Wasenberg Terraces | 75,75 | TK25 No. 5121 |
| 343.02 | Alsfeld Bowl | 61,71 | TK25 No. 5221 |
In local usage the landscape name "Schwalm" usually just refers to the northern part, i.e. the Wasenberg Terraces and the Schwalmgrund.
# American Catholic Church (1894)

The American Catholic Church (1894 – c. 1895) was an independent confederation of congregations, which individually separated from the Catholic Church. It was founded by Anton Francis Kołaszewski and Alfons Mieczysław Chrostowski in the United States.

## History

The first convention of the American Catholic Church (ACC1894) appointed Joseph René Vilatte as its ecclesiastical head who was "without arbitrary powers". Constantine Klukowski wrote, in History of St. Mary of the Angels Catholic Church, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 1898–1954, that the 1894 Green Bay city directory lists Vilatte's cathedral, which was built in 1894, "as 'American Catholic'" and its officials as: Vilatte, archbishop metropolitan and primate; Kolaszewski, vicar general; Stephen Kaminski, consultor; and, Brother Nicholas, church manager.$^{:28}$
# Compsibidion decoratum

Compsibidion decoratum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1909.
# Love Is a Basic Need

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| GIGsoup | 65% |
| musicOMH | |
| The Skinny | |
| Stereoboard | |
Love Is a Basic Need is the seventh studio album by English rock band Embrace. It was released on 2 March 2018 through Cooking Vinyl.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Danny McNamara and Richard McNamara

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Irish Albums (IRMA) | 93 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 3 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 5 |
# Julián Gorkin

Julián Gómez García-Ribera, better known as Julián Gorkin (January 1901 – 8 August 1987), was a Spanish revolutionary socialist, writer and a central leader of the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) during the Spanish Civil War. He was a writer of many books on political and cultural themes, as well as novels and some plays. After the Spanish Civil War, he escaped to Mexico where he became a part of the strong anti-Stalinist socialist community there. He helped obtain visas for Victor Serge and his son Vlady to enter Mexico when they had to escape from the Nazis invading France.
By the time he returned to Paris in 1948 he had become an anti-communist. From 1953 to 1963 (with a brief interlude in 1959) he was editor in Paris of the periodical Cuadernos published by the CIA front group Congress for Cultural Freedom".

## Political writings

* Canibales politicos (Hitler y Stalin en Espana), Ediciones Quetzal, Mexico, 1941
* Ainsi fut assassiné Trotski, Editions Self, Paris, 1948
* La Vie et la Mort en U.R.S.S., Les Iles d'Or, Paris, 1950
* Comunista en Espana y antistalinista en la U.R.S.S., Editorial Guarania, Mexico, 1952
* Destin du XXe siècle, Les Iles d'Or, Paris, 1954
* Marx y la Russia de ayer y de hoy, Editorial Bases, Buenos Aires, 1956
* España, primer ensayo de democracia popular, Biblioteca de la Libertad, Buenos Aires, 1961
* El Imperio Soviético, Editions Claridad, Buenos Aires, 1969
* L'assassinat de Trotski, Julliard, Paris, 1970, et Livre de Poche, Paris, 1973, Prix Voltaire 1970
* El proceso de Moscú en Barcelona, Aymá S.A. Editora, Barcelona, 1973
* El revolucionario profesional, Aymá S.A. Editora, Barcelona, 1975
* Les communistes contre la révolution espagnole, Belfond, Paris, 1978
# Julián García Valverde

Julián García Valverde (born 1946) is a Spanish politician who served as minister of health and consumer affairs from March 1991 to January 1992. Before it he served as the chairman of the Spanish Rail network, Renfe. He had to resign from his ministerial post due to the allegations about his illegal involvement in land speculations during his term at the Renfe.