OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alva Noë

Alva Noë (born 1964) is an American philosopher. He is Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. The focus of his work is the theory of perception and consciousness. In addition to these problems in cognitive science and the philosophy of mind, he is interested in analytic phenomenology, the theory of art, Ludwig Wittgenstein, enactivism, and the origins of analytic philosophy.

## Education

Noë received his B.A. from Columbia University. He also holds a B.Phil. from the University of Oxford and a Ph.D. from Harvard University.

## Philosophical work

Noë joined the University of California, Berkeley Department of Philosophy as an associate professor in 2003, where he was a member of the UC Berkeley Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, serving as a core faculty member for the Program in Cognitive Science and the Center for New Media. During 2011–2012, he was Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Before coming to University of California, Berkeley, Noë was an assistant professor of philosophy at University of California, Santa Cruz. He has been a Post-doctoral Research Associate of the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University, a visiting scholar at the Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science at University of California, Irvine and at the Institut Jean-Nicod (CNRS/EN/EHESS) in Paris, a McDonnell-Pew Visiting Fellow at the Oxford Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, and a visiting scholar at the Center for Subjectivity Research at the University of Copenhagen. Noë has been a recipient of a UC President's Fellowship in the Humanities and an ACLS/Ryskamp Fellowship, and in 2007–2008 was a research fellow at the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin.
Noë is the author of the books Strange Tools (2015),Varieties of Presence (2012), Out of Our Heads (2009) and Action In Perception (MIT Press, 2004). He is the co-editor of Vision and Mind: Selected Readings in the Philosophy of Perception (MIT Press, 2002) and the author of Is the Visual World a Grand Illusion? (Imprint Academic, 2002). In Action In Perception, Noë puts forth the notion of the sensorimotor profile. Externalism about the mind and mental content is a pervasive theme in his work.
# 1968 World Open Match Play Snooker Championship

The 1968 World Open Match Play Snooker Championship was a snooker match between Rex Williams and Eddie Charlton for the title won first won by Fred Davis at the 1960 World Open Snooker Championship and then by Williams in the 1967 World Open Snooker Championship. Despite the name of the competition, Williams and Charlton were the only contestants in 1968. Charlton took the title by winning 43 frames to Williams' 30, a winning margin having been achieved at 37–20.

## Summary

Fred Davis had won the 1960 World Open Snooker Championship, which was held in Australia with eight players competing in a round-robin. Davis and Rex Williams arranged to play a series of 51 five-frame matches from November 1966 to April 1967, with the winner taking the title, billed as the World Open Snooker Championship. Williams reached a winning margin at 26–23, after which Davis won the last two matches to make the final score 26–25.
In July 1968, in a match sanctioned by the Billiards Association and Control Council, Charlton challenged Williams for the title, now referred to as the World Open Match Play Snooker Championship, and AUD1,000. The match took place at the St George's Leagues Club, Sydney, as the best of 73 frames, with twelve frames played on each day except the last, when thirteen were played. The start of the match was delayed for two days as Williams was suffering from tonsilitis, and started on 24 July, with Charlton taking a 7–5 lead on the first day, overturning Williams' 4–2 lead from the afternoon session by winning five of the six frames in the evening. Charlton extended this to 14–10 by the end of the second day, and by the end of play on 28 July, had reached a winning margin, at 37–23. The last day, 29 July, finished with Charlton 43–30 ahead.
The highest break of the match was 110, compiled by Charlton in the 61st frame. Williams' highest break, and the second-highest of the match, was 89.
# Aimé Paris

Aimé Paris (1798–1866) was a French scholar. He was the developer of a method of stenography, and co-developer and propagator of what became the Galin-Paris-Chevé system of music notation.
Paris studied mathematics and law, and became a lawyer. His techniques of memory were well known; at one point he was the "professeur de mnémonique" at the Athenée in Paris.

## Stenography

In 1815, he learned the system of Samuel Taylor, adapted by Théodore-Pierre Bertin for French. In 1820, after inventing his own method of stenography, he abandoned his career as a lawyer and traveled across France, as well as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Switzerland, giving conferences and teaching his system. He published the books History of Stenography and Inventions of Aimé Paris. His stenographic works were followed and completed by Louis Prosper Guénin.

## Music system advocacy

He approached Pierre Galin when he moved to Paris, and asked to be his business-manager, so Galin could work on setting his music education ideas into print. However, once admitted as Galin's successor, he plagiarized Galin's ideas and denied having known him.
After Galin died in 1822 without publishing a full explanation of his ideas, several teachers led classes claiming to follow his methods. Paris decided to devote himself to propagating what he knew of Galin's methods, with a few minor modifications. He published numerous pamphlets on the technique, and toured schools widely, offering challenges to music teachers. According to Fétis, his challenges were designed so that he could be denounced in tract or speech regardless of whether they were accepted or not.
His sister, Nanine Paris, married the surgeon Emile Chevé, who became an advocate for the system. Paris, along with his sister and Emile Chevé, continued touring and publishing pamphlets until his death.

## Mnemonics

Aimé Paris was the first person to publish a version of the mnemonic major system in its modern form.
# El Madher

El Madher is a town in north-eastern Batna.
35°37′N 6°22′E﻿ / ﻿35.617°N 6.367°E﻿ / 35.617; 6.367
* This article about a location in Batna Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Eisenstat

Eisenstat is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Al Eisenstat (born 1930), American lawyer and business executive
* Harry Eisenstat (1915–2003), American baseball player
* Yael Eisenstat, American national security specialist and strategist
# Metsulfuron-methyl

Metsulfuron-methyl is an organic compound classified as a sulfonylurea herbicide, which kills broadleaf weeds and some annual grasses. It is a systemic compound with foliar and soil activity, that inhibits cell division in shoots and roots. It has residual activity in soils, allowing it to be used infrequently but requiring up to 22 months before planting certain crops (sunflowers, flax, corn, or safflower). It has very low toxicity to mammals, birds, fish, and insects but is a moderate eye irritant.
# Albany Cross

Albany Cross is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Annapolis County. It is likely named for Albany, New York. Albany Community Church was dedicated in 1875 as a Baptist church and is now a municipally registered heritage building.
# Drysdale gudgeon

The Drysdale gudgeon (Kimberleyeleotris notata) is a species of fish in the family Eleotridae endemic to the Kimberley region of Australia, where it is only known from the Drysdale River system. It inhabits rocky pools and slow flowing streams. The species can reach a length of 4 cm (1.6 in). It has a light brown to purplish coloration, whitish along the belly. A series of dark brown to black bars are present along the sides, which become V-shaped towards the posterior.
# Lamberto Andreotti

Lamberto Andreotti (born 6 July 1950) is an Italian businessman. He is currently executive chairman of the board of Bristol Myers Squibb.

## Biography
### Early life

Andreotti was born in Rome, Italy, in 1950, the son of Italian Senator and President of the Council of Ministers Giulio Andreotti. He graduated from Sapienza University of Rome with a degree in engineering; he then earned a Master of Science degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

### Professional roles

He worked for many pharmaceutical companies, including Farmitalia-Carlo Erba then with Pharmacia after Pharmacia acquired Farmitalia.
In 1998, he joined Bristol-Myers Squibb as vice president and general manager of European Oncology and Italy. He was elected to the Board of Directors in March 2009 and became CEO on 4 May 2010. Prior to taking the role of CEO, he held the role of president and COO. He retired from Bristol-Myers Squibb in 2015 and took on the role of executive chairman of the company's board, succeeding James M. Cornelius who was retiring from this role.
He was elected to the board of DuPont in 2012.
He was elected to the Board of Directors of UniCredit S.p.A. Bank on 12 May 2018.
# Han Zhang

Han Zhang is a fictional Song dynasty knight-errant from the 19th-century Chinese novels The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants and The Five Younger Gallants. Nicknamed "Earth Rat" or "Earth-Piercing Rat" (徹地鼠) for his expertise in land mines, he has a military background.
Han Zhang, along with sworn brothers Lu Fang, Xu Qing, Jiang Ping and Bai Yutang are known as the "Five Rats". Han is ranked second in age, and probably is the second best fighter after Bai Yutang, because he not only carries a broadsword but also poisonous darts. Relatively introverted, Han prefers to act alone and is the last of the "Five Rats" to surrender to the government.

## Portrayal in film and television

* Ku Wen-chung in King Cat (1967)
* Chiang Nan in Justice Pao (1974–75)
* Ching Chu in Cat vs Rat (1982)
* Yu Tai-ping in House of Traps (1982)
* Wu Yuan-chun in Justice Pao (1993–94)
* Mark Cheng in The Invincible Constable (1993)
* Yu An-shun in The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants (1994)
* Zhang Hui in The New Seven Heroes and Five Gallants (1994)
* Gao Yang in The Young Detective (2000)
* Chapman To in Cat and Mouse (2003)
* Liu Weidong in A Game of Cat and Mouse (2005)
* Wu Shiqiang in Bai Yutang (2005)
* Bi Hanwen in Justice Bao (2008)
* Miao Qing in Justice Bao: The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants (2010)
* Chen Chuhan in Invincible Knights Errant (2011)
* Zhang Shuping in Sleek Rat, the Challenger (2013)
* Wang Daqi in The Three Heroes and Five Gallants (upcoming)
* This article about a fictional character is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# El Chicano (disambiguation)

El Chicano may refer to:
* El Chicano, a musical group from Los Angeles
* El Chicano (film), a 2019 American superhero film
* El Chicano (wrestler), the professional alias of wrestler Carlos Cotto
# Albany Empire

Albany Empire may refer to:
* Albany Theatre (formerly the Albany Empire), a multi-purpose arts centre in Deptford, South London
* Albany Empire (AFL), a former professional arena football team based in Albany, New York
* Albany Empire (NAL), National Arena League indoor football team in Albany, New York
# Dorozsma

Dorozsma (de genere Durusma) was a genus (Latin for "clan"; nemzetség in Hungarian) in the Kingdom of Hungary. Their ancient possessions were in Csongrád county (today: village of Kiskundorozsma).

## Notable members of the genus
### Nicholas I's branch

* Nicholas I Garai
** Nicholas I's first son John Garai
** Nicholas I's second son Nicholas II Garai
*** Nicholas II's son, Ladislaus Garai

### Paul Garai's branch

* Nicholas I's uncle, Paul I Garai
** Paul's son, Paul Bánfi de Gara
** Paul's other son, Stephen Bánfi de Gara
*** Stephen's son, Paul Bánfi de Gara
**** Paul's son, Dezső Bánfi de Gara
# ERCC5

DNA repair protein complementing XP-G cells is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERCC5 gene.

## Function

Excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G) is involved in excision repair of UV-induced DNA damage. Mutations cause Cockayne syndrome, which is characterized by severe growth defects, mental retardation, and cachexia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described, but the biological validity of all variants has not been determined.
Mutations in ERCC5 cause arthrogryposis.
XPG is a structure specific endonuclease that incises DNA at the 3’ side of the damaged nucleotide during nucleotide excision repair.

## Syndromes

Mutational defects in the Ercc5(Xpg) gene can cause either the cancer-prone condition xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) alone, or in combination with the severe neurodevelopmental disorder Cockayne syndrome (CS) or the infantile lethal cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome.

## Mouse model

An Ercc5(Xpg) mutant mouse model presented features of premature aging including cachexia and osteoporosis with pronounced degenerative phenotypes in both liver and brain. These mutant mice developed a multi-system premature aging degenerative phenotype that appears to strengthen the link between DNA damage and aging. (see DNA damage theory of aging).
Dietary restriction, which extends lifespan of wild-type mice, also substantially increased the lifespan of Ercc5(Xpg) mutant mice. Dietary restriction of the mutant mice, while delaying aging, also appeared to slow the accumulation of genome wide DNA damage and to preserve transcriptional output, thus contributing to improved cell viability.

## Interactions

ERCC5 has been shown to interact with ERCC2.
# Alfredo Pavlovsky

Alfredo Pavlovsky (24 November 1907 – 26 April 1984) was an Argentinian physician who discovered that haemophilia has two types (A and B). Pavlovsky graduated with his medical degree in 1931, then worked as Bernardo Houssay's assistant professor in physiology. In 1947 he reported in Buenos Aires that "occasionally (in vitro) the blood of some of the haemophilic patients with a greatly prolonged clotting time ... when added to other haemophilic blood possessed a coagulant action nearly as effective as normal blood". This was later shown to be due to the blood of people with haemophilia B providing the clotting factor factor VIII to correct the defect in those with the more common haemophilia A.
Pavlovsky had five children and died in 1984.
# Lamentation over the Dead Christ (Signorelli)

Lamentation over the Dead Christ is a painting of 1502 in oils on panel by Luca Signorelli, painted for the church of Santa Margherita and now in the Diocesan Museum in Cortona. In the left background is the Crucifixion and in the right background the Resurrection.
According to the 1568 edition of Vasari's Lives of the Artists, in the summer of 1502 Signorelli received news of his son Antonio's death from the plague in Cortona. Signorelli went from Orvieto to see the body, had it uncovered and, in Vasari's words, "with the greatest presence of mind, without weeping or tears, he drew him, always wanting to see – through the work of his hands – what nature had given him and his enemy fortune had taken away". He used the drawing for Lamentation. Its style is similar to that of the artist's Chapel of San Brizio frescoes, which he had almost finished at that time. He added an autograph copy of the work to the fresco on his return to Orvieto at the end of 1502.

## Predella

Quicker in style and probably by the master's students but based on drawings by him, the predella shows four more scenes from Christ's Passion: Gethsemane, Last Supper, Arrest and Flagellation.
Predella to Lamentation
# Denise Hamilton

Denise Hamilton is an American crime novelist, journalist and editor of the Edgar award-winning anthologies Los Angeles Noir and Los Angeles Noir 2: The Classics. Hamilton's five Eve Diamond crime novels have been short-listed for many awards, including the Edgar Award in mystery, Willa Cather award in literary fiction and the UK's Creasey Dagger Award.

## Career

Hamilton's novels draw on the city's history, politics, diversity, and culture, and she calls her hometown of Los Angeles “The Ultimate Femme Fatale". Her first novel, The Jasmine Trade, was a national bestseller that grew out of a Los Angeles Times story she wrote about parachute kids – wealthy Asian immigrant children who live alone in big homes while their parents remain in Asia taking care of family business. When Hamilton filed her story, a Times editor asked Hamilton's supervisor to check her facts because she found it hard to believe such an outlandish tale was real.
Hamilton's sixth novel, The Last Embrace, was a 1940s Hollywood noir inspired by the disappearance of Jean Spangler, a starlet linked to L.A. gangster Mickey Cohen.
Her seventh novel, Damage Control, was published by Scribner in September, 2011.
Before turning to fiction, Hamilton was a staff writer for the Los Angeles Times, reporting on the city's sprawling multicultural suburbs. During this time, Hamilton also spent six months in former Yugoslavia on a Fulbright Fellowship and traveled widely in Eastern and Central Europe, and the former Soviet Union during the waning days of Communism, reporting on political, cultural, and economic trends.
The Los Angeles Noir anthologies, (Akashic Books) have been translated into French, Italian, and Russian. The first volume features 17 stories set in different L.A. neighborhoods by authors Michael Connelly, Janet Fitch, Patt Morrison, Susan Straight, Hector Tobar, and others. Los Angeles Noir Volume 2: The Classics reprints stories by James M. Cain, Paul Cain, Raymond Chandler, James Ellroy, Ross Macdonald, Walter Mosley, noir pulp queen Leigh Brackett, and Macdonald's wife Margaret Millar, and range from 1930s to 1990s Los Angeles.
Hamilton also writes Uncommon Scents, a monthly perfume column for the Los Angeles Times.
# Han Zenki

Han Zenki (潘善琪; born October 7, 1977), also known as Pan Shanqi (Chinese: 潘善琪; pinyin: Pān Shànqí) is a professional Go player.

## Biography

Han was born in Taiwan in 1977. He became a professional Go player in 1996. In the same year, he was promoted to 2-dan. In 2000, he was promoted to 5-dan. He is currently at the 8-dan rank.
# Hae Phoofolo

Haae Edward Phoofolo (born 1947) served as interim prime minister of Lesotho from 17 August 1994 to 14 September 1994. Son of an Anglican clergyman, Phoofolo was born in Ladybrand, South Africa. He received his secondary education in 1969 and a joint LLB degree from the University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland and the University of Edinburgh in 1974. He later obtained a M.Sc. degree in banking and money management from Adelphi University, New York in 1977.
In 1974, he was admitted to the Lesotho bar and served as an attorney, conveyancer and notary public in the High Court and Court of Appeal in 1978. He began his public career as a legal advisor to the Lesotho National Development Bank. Three years later, he was appointed commissioner of financial institutions in the Ministry of Finance. In 1981, he participated in the creation of the Lesotho Central Bank and was appointed deputy governor in 1983. Between 1986 and early 2012, he worked as an attorney and served as a consultant, for which he gained a reputation as a human rights advocate. His close relationship with the monarchy led to his appointment as prime minister by King Letsie III in 1994.
In 2012, he battled successfully with the All Basotho Convention for the right to stand as a candidate for election in Maseru Central constituency and won the constituency in 2012 with 45% of votes. He was also appointed Minister of Justice, Human Rights, Correctional Service and Law and Constitutional Affairs and has pledged to improve the country's justice system.
# Miami Open

Miami Open most commonly refers to:
Miami Open may also refer to:
* WCT Miami Open, a defunct World Championship Tennis tournament
* Miami Open (golf), a defunct PGA Tour golf tournament
* Sunshine Women's Open, a defunct LPGA Tour golf tournament also known as the Miami Open
# Aenictegues

Aenictegues is the only genus of mites in the family Aenicteguidae, in the order Mesostigmata.
# Home equity loan

A home equity loan is a type of loan in which the borrowers use the equity of their home as collateral. The loan amount is determined by the value of the property, and the value of the property is determined by an appraiser from the lending institution.
Home equity loans are often used to finance major expenses such as home repairs, medical bills, or college education. A home equity loan creates a lien against the borrower's house and reduces actual home equity.
Most home equity loans require good to excellent credit history, reasonable loan-to-value and combined loan-to-value ratios. Home equity loans come in two types: closed end (traditionally just called a home-equity loan) and open end (a.k.a. a home equity line of credit (HELOC)). Both are usually referred to as second mortgages, because they are secured against the value of the property, just like a traditional mortgage.
Home equity loans and lines of credit are usually, but not always, for a shorter term than first mortgages. Home equity loan can be used as a person's main mortgage in place of a traditional mortgage. However, one cannot purchase a home using a home equity loan, one can only use a home equity loan to refinance. In the United States until December 31, 2017, it was possible to deduct home equity loan interest on one's personal income taxes. As part of the 2018 Tax Reform bill signed into law, interest on home equity loans will no longer be deductible on income taxes in the United States.
There is a specific difference between a home equity loan and a HELOC. A HELOC is a line of revolving credit with an adjustable interest rate whereas a home equity loan is a one time lump-sum loan, often with a fixed interest rate. With a HELOC the borrower can choose when and how often to borrow against the equity in the property, with the lender setting an initial limit to the credit line based on criteria similar to those used for closed-end loans. Like the closed-end loan, it may be possible to borrow up to an amount equal to the value of the home, minus any liens. These lines of credit are available up to 30 years, usually at a variable interest rate. The minimum monthly payment can be as low as only the interest that is due. Typically, the interest rate is based on the prime rate plus a margin.

## Fees

A brief list of fees that may apply for home equity loans:
* Appraisal fees
* Originator fees
* Title fees
* Stamp duties
* Arrangement fees
* Closing fees
* Early pay-off fee
* Inactivity fee
* Annual or Membership fee
Surveyor and conveyor or valuation fees may also apply to loans but some may be waived. The survey or conveyor and valuation costs can often be reduced, provided one finds a licensed surveyor to inspect the property considered for purchase. The title charges in secondary mortgages or equity loans are often fees for renewing the title information. Most loans will have fees of some sort.
# Guangqing Expressway

Guangqing Expressway (广清高速) connects the cities Guangzhou and Qingyuan in the Chinese province of Guangdong.
* This People's Republic of China road-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Mary Powell

Mary Powell may refer to:
* Mary Powell (suffragist) (1854–1946), New Zealand temperance worker and suffragist
* Mary Powell (actress) (died 1723), English stage actress
* Mary Elizabeth Turner (1854–1907), née Powell, English embroiderer
* Mary Alice Powell Lindsay (1883–1979), first registered nurse in Utah