OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John A. Stone

John A. Stone (died 1864), also known as "Old Put", was an American collector and publisher of folk songs, primarily about miners and their adventures in the California Gold Rush of the mid-19th century.
He was a colorful writer-entertainer who had made the overland trip to California in 1850 and spent some fruitless years prospecting for gold. Assuming the name "Old Put", he became San Francisco's foremost minstrel composer and the singing voice of the California Gold Rush. From 1853 to 1858, he wrote more than fifty different songs about miners and their life. He published about half of them in a collection called Put's Original California Songster. The little book sold phenomenally well, and was reprinted several times. In 1858 Stone published Put's Golden Songster, containing his most famous composition "Sweet Betsy from Pike".
John A. Stone died in 1864 and is buried in Greenwood, California.
# Actocharis

Actocharis is a genus of beetles and the only genus in the tribe Actocharini.

## Distribution

Actocharis species are found underneath seaweed and other debris in the intertidal zone of sandy beaches along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of Europe and are rarely collected due to this restricted habitat.

## Description

Members of this genus are 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long, narrow, and parallel sided. They can be identified by their 4-4-5 tarsal formula and by the structure of their mouthparts, which include two-segmented labial palps and lacinia that are longer than the galea.

## Taxonomy

Actocharis is placed in the tribe Actocharini, which was erected in 1911, as its only genus. The genus has been placed in several other tribes by different authors, including Homalotini, Myllaenini, and Phytosini, and in the 1920s it was briefly placed in a different subfamily Oxytelinae. Recent studies have revealed morphological and phylogenetic similarities between Actocharini and another coastal tribe, the Liparocephalini, which raises the hypothesis that they should be synonymized.

### Species

Three species have been recognized:
* Actocharis calabrica Assing, 2004
* Actocharis cassandrensis Assing, 1992
* Actocharis readingii Sharp, 1870
# John Cockburn (died 1623)

John Cockburn of Ormiston (died 1623) was a Scottish lawyer and landowner.

## Career

He was the son of John Cockburn of Ormiston and Alison Sandilands (died 1584), a daughter of Sir John Sandilands of Calder. His older brother Alexander Cockburn died in 1563, his epitaph by George Buchanan recording his travels and achievements engraved on a brass plate is at the National Museum of Scotland.
John Cockburn succeeded his father as laird of Ormiston in East Lothian in 1583.
James VI came to Ormiston to hunt deer on 22 November 1588. Cockburn was a member of the Privy Council and the council ruling Scotland when James VI was in Norway and Denmark.
He was knighted at the coronation of Anne of Denmark on 17 May 1590, where he gave an oath of loyal service on behalf of the people of Scotland. He was again honored with knighthood at Parliament in 1592.
Cockburn was Lord Justice Clerk after Lewis Bellenden. On 26 October 1591, during the North Berwick witch trials James VI gave him a commission to torture and punish those accused of witchcraft who refused to confess. Cockburn questioned David Graham of Fintry about the Spanish Blanks affair in February 1593.
An English diplomat Robert Bowes noted that Cockburn had hosted the Earls of Angus, Huntly, Errol, and Sir James Chisholme at Ormiston on 11 October 1593. The Earls met the King on the road at Fala the next day.
In December 1593, Cockburn was appointed to a committee to audit the account of money spent by the Chancellor, John Maitland of Thirlestane, on the royal voyages. The funds in question came from the English subsidy and the dowry of Anne of Denmark.
As a member of the Privy Council, Cockburn went with others to Stirling Castle in May 1603 to discuss and investigate a controversy involving Anne of Denmark who wished to take custody of her son, Prince Henry.

## Later years

In old age Cockburn lost his eyesight and mobility, and in December 1622 there were discussions about a replacement in the role of Lord Justice Clerk.
He died in June 1623 according to Balfour, but his will gives his date of death as October 1626.

## Marriage and family

He married Janet Home, a daughter of Alexander Home of Manderston, and sister of the royal favourite Sir George Home. Janet Home was one of the women invited to attend Anne of Denmark at her coronation in May 1590.
Their children included:
* Patrick Cockburn, whose son George Cockburn became laird of Ormiston
* Margaret Cockburn, who married Patrick Sinclair, 9th Lord Sinclair
* Catherine Cockburn, who married James MacGill of Cranstoun-Riddill, later made Viscount Oxenfurd
* Helen Cockburn, who married William Hay of Linplum
* Jean Cockburn, married (1) John Murray of Touchadam, (2) William Lauder of Haltoun
He married, secondly, Elizabeth Bellenden, a daughter of John Bellenden of Auchnoule and Janet Seton, and widow of James Lawson of Humbie.
# Ricky Makani

Ricky Muiaki Makani is a Niuean politician and Member of the Niue Assembly.
In 2019 he was elected to the Tamakautoga village Council. He was first elected to the Niue Assembly in the 2020 Niuean general election. In the Assembly he established and chaired an inquiry into the operations of the Broadcasting Corporation of Niue and Telecom Niue.
He was re-elected in the 2023 election. He was subsequently appointed Member Assisting the Minister to Crossley Tatui, Minister of Finance and Infrastructure.
# Richard Orr Newton

Richard Orr Newton (May 14, 1905 – February 14, 1963) was an educator, general store and restaurant owner, and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Columbia in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in 1952 and then from 1953 to 1963 as a Social Credit member.
He was born in Hornings Mills, Ontario in 1905, the son of Richard E. Newton and Elizabeth A. Orr. In 1940, Newton married Laura Ruth Weir. He resigned his seat in 1952 to allow Robert Bonner to be elected to the assembly. In 1963, Newton died in office at home in Invermere at the age of 57.
# Adage Capital Management

Adage Capital Management (Adage) is an American investment management firm based in Boston.

## Background

Phillip Gross and Robert Atchinson met as investment analysts at the Harvard University endowment in the mid-1980s. In the 1990s, some Harvard faculty and alumni criticized the institution for paying multi-million dollar performance bonuses to some Harvard Management employees. In part due to such scrutiny, the pair left Harvard to form their own firm, Adage Capital Management. They took with them an 18-person team and a $1.8 billion day-one investment from Harvard in exchange for an initial agreement (now expired) to pay ten percent of Adage's earnings to the university.
Adage invests primarily in the S&P 500 equity market universe, based on fundamental analysis.
Adage pays partial rebates of prior year fees to its investors when the fund's performance fails to outperform the S&P 500 benchmark. The firm has only had to refund its fees on a few occasions.
Adage has made private equity investments in startups and early stage companies, including Forter, GitLab, Gopuff, HawkEye 360 and Tanium.
Adage manages assets primarily for tax-exempt institutions.
In 2015, Adage was reported to be one of the world's top 10 largest hedge funds after its assets under management doubled in the last four years. It had an annualized return of 9.7% since inception which was higher than S&P 500 benchmark of 6.4%. However the next year for the first time it significantly underperformed the S&P 500 benchmark for a fiscal year with a return of 1.1% for the 12 months ending in June.
Adage was ranked third among all major hedge funds in the Institutional Investor 2016 Hedge Fund Report Card citing strong scores in Alpha generation, risk management, alignment of interest, infrastructure and independent oversight. However Adage received poor scores for transparency and investor relations as the firm was noted to be extraordinarily secretive and did not give out much information to investors or the media.
# Adagege

Adagege, alternatively spelled Ada Gege or Ada-gege, is an artificial island built on the reef in the Lau Lagoon on Malaita in Solomon Islands; it is located in Malaita Province. The road from Auki ends at Fouia wharf opposite the islands of Sulufou and Adaege in the Lau Lagoon.

## History

Originally settled by refugees from south of the Lau Lagoon, Adagage was taken over by the inhabitants of Sulufou and was converted into a specialised island for women to give birth at, later it was ritually cleansed and turned into a village. During the late 19th and early 20th century Adagege was the power base of Kwaisulia, a prominent strongman in the area who held influence across northern Malaita, during which time it was fortified with barbed wire.
# John Brereton (disambiguation)

John Brereton may also refer to:
* John Brereton, 4th Baron Brereton (1659–1718), English baron in the peerage of Ireland
* John Brereton (Adventurer and clergyman) (c. 1571–c. 1632), English gentleman adventurer, clergyman, and chronicler
* John Le Gay Brereton (1871–1933), Australian poet
* John Brereton (footballer) (1935–2021), Australian footballer
* John Brereton (lawyer) (1576–1629), English-born Irish lawyer
# John Berrien House

The John Berrien House is a historic home in Savannah, Georgia, United States. It is located at 322–324 East Broughton Street, at its intersection with Habersham Street, and was built around 1794. One of the oldest extant buildings in Savannah, it is now part of the Savannah Historic District, and was built for major John Berrien, an army officer during the American Revolutionary War. Berrien lived in the house until 1797, when he moved to Louisville, Georgia. He sold the property to William Stephens, of Beaulieu Plantation. Stephens died in the home in 1882, at which point John Macpherson Berrien brought it back into the Berrien family. He lived there periodically until his death, also in the home, in 1856. Berrien's son-in-law Francis Bartow inherited the home, and he sold it to William Lake three years later.
Lake split the property into two townhouses in 1871, with his brother-in-law, pharmacist Dr. Benjamin Hardee, occupying the eastern side. He had his offices on the first floor and lived in the upper storey.
The gardens that original owner Berrien had laid out in the western lot of the two lots he purchased were replaced by a row of townhouses.
The property was converted into a tenement in 1916. The building was raised over three feet the following year, with the original ground floor demolished and replaced with modern commercial space. The interior of the upper floors were divided into smaller rooms, thus original details were lost or covered up.
The building was remodeled between 2012 and 2016. The stucco that had been added to its exterior in the 20th-century changes was removed, revealing the original clapboard siding, which was made of beaded cypress. Its removal also revealed the home's original cornice. The building was lowered, onto an 18th-century-style ground floor construction.
# Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study

The Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study (JIAS), launched in 2015, is a collaborative initiative involving the University of Johannesburg (UJ) in South Africa and Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore.

## Overview

Established on 14 May 2015, JIAS deviates from conventional educational and research routines, focusing instead on promoting cooperative and concentrated scholarly pursuits within the Humanities and Natural Sciences.
JIAS also collaborates with other tertiary institutions nationwide.
JIAS operates from a residential facility situated in the outskirts of Johannesburg. The inaugural meeting of JIAS, co-chaired by UJ's Vice-Chancellor, Professor Ihron Rensburg, and NTU's President, Professor Bertil Andersson, coincided with the institute's launch day. Attendees included Professor K. K. Phua, director of the NTU Institute for Advanced Study, Professor Tshilidzi Marwala, former Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research, Postgraduate Studies & Library) and later Vice-Chancellor and Principal of UJ, Dr Yu-Hyun Park from NTU's President's Office, and Professor Peter Vale, Director of JIAS.
Since 2019, Dr Bongani Ngqulunga has served as the director of JIAS.
JIAS funds Writing Fellowships, recipients of which have been drawn from different disciplines: academics, novelists, scientists, poets, playwrights, independent researchers and journalists. JIAS is host to the annual Johannesburg Festival of Women Writers, inaugurated in February 2023 by Barbara Masekela.
# Adam Torres (singer)

Adam Torres is a singer and songwriter. He has released two albums and is currently signed to Fat Possum Records.

## Career

Torres was born in Albuquerque, NM, grew up in West Chester, Ohio, and moved to Athens, Ohio in 2003 where he enrolled at Ohio University. He became part of Southeast Engine and featured on the album A Wheel Within a Wheel. In 2006 he self-released the album Nostra Nova that was produced with the help of local musicians. The material had been written in Switzerland during his stay with his parents over the summer in 2005. The album was re-released on Misra Records in April 2015. After settling in Austin, TX, he signed with Fat Possum records. Here Torres recorded his second album while he toured Europe as support to Monk Parker. In September 2016, the album Pearls to Swine was released, and Torres embarked on a headlining tour of North America in support.
Live Torres performs with Aisha Burns (violin), Dailey Tolliver (bass/piano) and Thor Harris (percussion).
# Richard Tottenham (civil servant)

Sir George Richard Frederick Tottenham KCIE CSI (18 November 1890 – 11 January 1977) was an Irish-born civil servant in India and a first-class cricketer.
The son of Frederick St. Leger Tottenham (who was the High Sheriff of Clare in 1899) and his wife Mabel Caroline Garnier, Tottenham was born at Mount Callan near Inagh, County Clare in November 1890. He was educated in England at Harrow School, before going up to New College, Oxford. After graduating from New College, Tottenham began working for the Indian Civil Service in British India, taking up a post there in 1914. The following year, he made an appearance in first-class cricket for the Europeans against the Indians at Madras. Batting once in the match, he scored 21 runs in the Europeans first-innings, before being dismissed by T. Vasu. With the ball, he took one wicket in the Indians first-innings and two in their second-innings. He married Hazel Joyce Gwynne in 1917.
Tottenham continued to serve in the British civil service in India following Irish independence, and was awarded a Knighthood by George V in May 1930. He was made a companion to the Order of the Indian Empire in the 1936 New Year Honours, and was made a Knight Bachelor in May 1937. He continued to serve in the Indian Civil Service on special duty following Indian Independence in 1947. He spent his final years living in Totland on the Isle of Wight, where he died in January 1977.
# Acha

Acha or ACHA may refer to:
* Acha, Coll, Scottish village
* Acha (doll), a character in Namco's 1986 arcade game, Toy Pop
* Acha (name), list of people with the name
* Acha Mountain Fortress, an earthen fortress
* General Acha, town in La Pampa Province, Argentina
* American College Health Association
* American Collegiate Hockey Association
* A name for Digitaria exilis, a grass, a species of fonio
# Riho Makise

Riho Makise (牧瀬 里穂, Makise Riho, born December 17, 1971) is a Japanese actress. She debuted at the Takeda Hi-C contest in 1989, which she won. She is represented by the Blooming Agency.

## Career

In the 1990s, Makise was called "3M" along with Rie Miyazawa and Alisa Mizuki due to her popularity.

## Filmography
### Films

* Tokyo Heaven (1990)
* Tugumi (1990)
* Bakumatsu Junjoden (1991), Okita Soji
* Tōki Rakujitsu (1992)
* Yonshimai Monogatari (1995)
* Tora-san's Easy Advice (1995)
* Miyazawa Kenji Sonoai (1996)
* Dream Stadium (1997)
* Takkyu Onsen (1998)
* Face (2000)
* Chinchiromai (2000)
* Turn (2001), Maki Mori
* Our 30-Minute Sessions (2020), Shinobu Murase

### TV series

* Hatachi no Yakusoku (1992)
* Saiyuki (1994), Tripitaka
* Shinkonnari (1995)
* Taiyo ga Ippai (1998)
* Hojo Tokimune (2001)
* Manpuku (2018), Shinobu Kawakami
* Ranman (2023), Matsu Nishimura
# Right to Exist: A Moral Defense of Israel's Wars

Right to Exist: A Moral Defense of Israel's Wars is a book by German-born Israeli historian Yaacov Lozowick, the director of archives at the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority.
In the book, Lozowick draws on just war theory, and particularly on Michael Walzer's work Just and Unjust Wars, in an attempt to evaluate Israel's wars in the light of moral philosophy.
Ethan Bronner, in the New York Times, found the book a largely persuasive defence of Israel's positions morally and politically, but disputed the statement that there is no "cycle of violence", and that there is only one-sided aggression since Israel simply fights back against "Palestinian terrorists". He felt this ignored the daily aggression that the 36-year occupation entails—the roadblocks, the searches, the confiscated land.
According to Chad Alan Goldberg writing in Contemporary Sociology, Lozowick develops the following thesis: "What I found in my review of Israel's wars, was that Zionism has mostly tried to be moral. Sometimes it made mistakes, from which it generally (but not always) learned. While being continuously at war, it was surprisingly successful at all sorts of other projects, such as the building of a reasonably healthy society out of diverse communities." According to Goldberg, Lozowick concludes that all of Israel’s wars except the 1982 invasion of Lebanon have met the test of jus ad bellum.
Goldberg writes that "One of Lozowick's most important contributions is to refute the pernicious claim that Zionism is a form of European colonialism", and that another important contribution is the refutation of the charge that Israel is a racist state.
According to David Harsanyi, Lozowick argues that "Israelis have generally learned from their blunders, constantly reappraising their policies and their place in the world. Despite this self-criticism, Zionism is frequently rejected by classification regardless of its tangible policies, actions, or attempts at peace."
Daniel Mandel writes that Lozowick “concludes that ‘the will to murder Jews was never the result of oppression and can never be resolved by removing it,’ summarizing his view that the conflict between Arab and Jew is not the product of grievances that Israeli policy can assuage."
# Chuck Loewen

Chuck Loewen (born January 23, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a tackle and guard for the San Diego Chargers in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Chargers from 1980 to 1982 and in 1984.
# Chuck Longfield

Charles Louis Longfield (born 1956) is an American nonprofit sector expert, speaker, and philanthropist.

## Background

Longfield was born on October 25, 1956, in Boston, Massachusetts. Longfield graduated from Boston Latin School in 1974 and went on to attend Harvard College, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in applied mathematics in 1978. He would later earn a Master's of Education degree in mathematics from Harvard University Graduate School of Education in 1989.

## Career

In 1978, Longfield began work at Access International. He was the principal architect of the Access Fundraising system and was responsible for its successful installation at dozens of not-for-profit organizations. Longfield would eventually serve as Chief Operating Officer at Access International before leaving the company in 1987.
Between 1987 and 1991, Longfield took a sabbatical, earned a graduate degree from Harvard University, and began teaching mathematics to middle and high school students.
In 1991, Longfield founded Target Analysis Group in Cambridge, Massachusetts where one of his first projects was to help Public Broadcasting Stations evaluate and select a new advanced membership software for stations.
Target Analysis Group delivered data mining, predictive modeling, and unique collaborative benchmarking services to hundreds of nonprofits of all sizes. Clients include American Civil Liberties Union, American Heart Association, Doctors Without Borders, Easter Seals and Oxfam America.
In November 1991, Longfield would join with Karl Case, Robert J. Shiller, and Allan Weiss as a partner with Case Shiller Weiss, Inc, a firm whose sole purpose then was to produce home price indices designed expressly to settle financial contracts. Their work would later come to be known as the Case–Shiller index Shlller, the 2013 winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences once noted in an interview that “we brought in a fourth, a real businessman, but (Longfield) said it would be ridiculous to have four names on the company."
Longfield would go on to also found Target Software in 1993 to complement the data aspects of Target Analysis Group. Target Software clients included high-volume direct response marketers including American Diabetes Association, Children's Cancer Research Fund, Greenpeace USA, Massachusetts Audubon Society, Special Olympics, and World Wildlife Fund.
In January 2007, Blackbaud acquired both Target Analysis Group and Target Software for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $60 million. Following the acquisition, Longfield became Blackbaud’s chief scientist where he continues a variety of research initiatives.

## Honors and awards

* 2007: FundRaising Success Magazine Lifetime Achievement Award for Contribution to the Nonprofit Sector

## Patents

* 2016: "Systems, methods, and computer program products for data integration and data mapping", U.S. Patent #9,443,033
# Rincón de Olivedo

Rincón de Olivedo is a village in the municipality of Cervera del Río Alhama, in the province and autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. As of 2018 had a population of 546 people.
# Richmond Hill Heritage Centre

Richmond Hill Heritage Centre is an 1840s Regency-style dwelling in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada, and is a noteworthy example of its style.

## Location and former ownership

Built circa 1840, well prior to Richmond Hill's incorporation in 1873, this Regency-style dwelling at 19 Church Street North has been designated as a Cultural Heritage Resource by the Town of Richmond Hill.
The facility opened in 1997. Formerly the house of prominent local leader and Parliamentarian Amos Wright, 1809-1886, it adjoins a park also named for Wright. One of the signature flowers in this garden is the rose, especially since roses form part of the town emblem and since rose growing was once an important industry in Richmond Hill.

## Mission statement

Aims included in the Heritage Centre's Mission Statement are to "contribute to the understanding of the cultural heritage of Richmond Hill by collecting, documenting and preserving resources as represented by the past, present and future". The Centre is regularly used for a wide variety of local activities.
# Richmond Hill High School

Richmond Hill High School may refer to:
* Richmond Hill High School (Georgia), in Richmond Hill
* Richmond Hill High School (Ontario), in Richmond Hill
* Richmond Hill High School (Queens), in New York
# Chrząstowice

Chrząstowice may refer to the following places:
* Chrząstowice, Olkusz County in Lesser Poland Voivodeship (south Poland)
* Chrząstowice, Wadowice County in Lesser Poland Voivodeship (south Poland)
* Chrząstowice, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)