OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amblypodiini

The Amblypodiini are a small tribe of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.

## Genera

As not all Theclinae have been assigned to tribes, the following list of genera is preliminary:
* Amblypodia
* Iraota
* Myrina
* This Theclinae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Cropredy Methodist Church

Cropredy Methodist Church is a Methodist church in the village of Cropredy, Oxfordshire.

## History

The Wesleyan congregation in Cropredy was established around 1822, but by the early 1880s had outgrown its first chapel.
A new chapel was planned and the foundation stones were laid on Easter Monday 18 April 1881 The architect was Edward Pincher of West Bromwich and the chapel with a seating capacity of 200 was completed by August of the same year. The builder was Thomas Cherry of Cropredy, supervised by Caleb Mander of Banbury. The opening service was held on 26 August 1881 when the sermon was preached by Rev. F.J. Sharr of London.

## Organ

A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.
# Cross-country skiing at the 2007 Asian Winter Games – Men's sprint freestyle

The men's sprint freestyle at the 2007 Asian Winter Games was held on January 30, 2007 at Beida Lake Skiing Resort, China.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 30 January 2007 | 13:30 | Qualification |
| Tuesday, 30 January 2007 | 14:50 | 1/4 finals |
| Tuesday, 30 January 2007 | 15:20 | Semifinals |
| Tuesday, 30 January 2007 | 15:45 | Finals |

## Results
### Qualification

| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Nikolay Chebotko (KAZ) | 2:36.79 |
| 2 | Shunsuke Komamura (JPN) | 2:37.46 |
| 3 | Nobu Naruse (JPN) | 2:38.31 |
| 4 | Sergey Cherepanov (KAZ) | 2:38.63 |
| 5 | Alexey Poltoranin (KAZ) | 2:38.88 |
| 6 | Yevgeniy Koshevoy (KAZ) | 2:40.23 |
| 7 | Yuichi Onda (JPN) | 2:40.55 |
| 8 | Jung Eui-myung (KOR) | 2:42.20 |
| 9 | Kim Hak-jin (KOR) | 2:43.09 |
| 10 | Xia Wan (CHN) | 2:44.56 |
| 11 | Sun Qinghai (CHN) | 2:45.82 |
| 12 | Shohei Honda (JPN) | 2:45.96 |
| 13 | Li Geliang (CHN) | 2:46.23 |
| 14 | Wang Songtao (CHN) | 2:46.38 |
| 15 | Shin Doo-sun (KOR) | 2:47.15 |
| 16 | Sin Kyong-il (PRK) | 2:57.83 |
| 17 | Kim Dong-hyun (KOR) | 2:58.68 |
| 18 | Bahadur Gupta (IND) | 3:09.14 |
| 19 | Jambalsürengiin Enkhselenge (MGL) | 3:12.37 |
| 20 | Mostafa Mirhashemi (IRI) | 3:12.81 |
| 21 | Hossein Saveh-Shemshaki (IRI) | 3:13.03 |
| 22 | Ahmad Kavian (IRI) | 3:15.86 |
| 23 | Tashi Lundup (IND) | 3:20.40 |
| 24 | Sattar Seid (IRI) | 3:22.60 |
| 25 | Amarjargalyn Temüüjin (MGL) | 3:24.92 |
| 26 | Dachhiri Sherpa (NEP) | 3:28.30 |

### 1/4 finals
#### Heat 1

| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Nikolay Chebotko (KAZ) | 2:32.9 |
| 2 | Kim Hak-jin (KOR) | 2:33.2 |
| 3 | Jung Eui-myung (KOR) | 2:40.5 |
| 4 | Sin Kyong-il (PRK) | 2:46.4 |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Alexey Poltoranin (KAZ) | 2:28.9 |
| 2 | Sergey Cherepanov (KAZ) | 2:29.3 |
| 3 | Shohei Honda (JPN) | 2:29.9 |
| 4 | Li Geliang (CHN) | 2:30.1 |

#### Heat 3

| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Yuichi Onda (JPN) | 2:32.5 |
| 2 | Shunsuke Komamura (JPN) | 2:33.3 |
| 3 | Xia Wan (CHN) | 2:34.4 |
| 4 | Shin Doo-sun (KOR) | 2:45.2 |

#### Heat 4

| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Yevgeniy Koshevoy (KAZ) | 2:33.4 |
| 2 | Nobu Naruse (JPN) | 2:33.8 |
| 3 | Wang Songtao (CHN) | 2:34.3 |
| 4 | Sun Qinghai (CHN) | 2:37.6 |

### Semifinals
#### Heat 1

| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Nikolay Chebotko (KAZ) | 2:29.6 |
| 2 | Alexey Poltoranin (KAZ) | 2:30.4 |
| 3 | Kim Hak-jin (KOR) | 2:32.8 |
| 4 | Sergey Cherepanov (KAZ) | 2:33.4 |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Yuichi Onda (JPN) | 2:26.8 |
| 2 | Yevgeniy Koshevoy (KAZ) | 2:26.9 |
| 3 | Nobu Naruse (JPN) | 2:27.5 |
| 4 | Shunsuke Komamura (JPN) | 2:31.2 |

### Finals
#### Final B

| Rank | Athlete |
| 1 | Sergey Cherepanov (KAZ) |
| 2 | Nobu Naruse (JPN) |
| 3 | Shunsuke Komamura (JPN) |
| 4 | Kim Hak-jin (KOR) |

#### Final A

| Rank | Athlete |
| | Yuichi Onda (JPN) |
| | Alexey Poltoranin (KAZ) |
| | Yevgeniy Koshevoy (KAZ) |
| 4 | Nikolay Chebotko (KAZ) |
# Saint Godard

Saint Godard may refer to:
* Saint Gildard (c. 448 – c. 525), Bishop of Rouen
* Gotthard of Hildesheim (960–1038), German bishop
# Depressaria angustati

Depressaria angustati is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by John Frederick Gates Clarke in 1941. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Washington.
The wingspan is 17–21 mm. The forewings are blackish fuscous with scattered ochreous scales. The discal spot at the middle of the cell is black with some mixed ochreous scales. There is an ochreous spot at the end of the cell, preceded and followed by black scales. There is an indistinct broad ochreous fascia from the costa to the center of the cell and a similarly colored but narrower fascia at two-thirds from the costa. The costa is sprinkled with ochreous scales. The hindwings are fuscous, but lighter basally.
The larvae feed on Lomatium angustatum.
# Dark Secret (film)

Dark Secret is a 1949 British crime film directed by Maclean Rogers and starring Dinah Sheridan, Emrys Jones and Irene Handl. It was a remake of the 1933 film The Crime at Blossoms, also directed by Rogers.

## Plot

Ex-pilot Chris and his wife Valerie move into an attractive country cottage, only to become obsessed with the murdered woman who used to live there.

## Cast

* Dinah Sheridan as Valerie Merryman
* Emrys Jones as Chris Merryman
* Irene Handl as 'Woody' Woodman
* Hugh Pryse as A Very Late Visitor
* Barbara Couper as Mrs. Barrington
* Percy Marmont as Vicar
* Geoffrey Sumner as Jack Farrell
* Mackenzie Ward as Artist
* Charles Hawtrey as Arthur Figson
* John Salew as Mr. Barrington
* George Merritt as Mr. Lumley
* Stanley Vilven as Mr. Woodman
* Grace Arnold as Housewife
* Esme Beringer as Elderly Lady
* Edgar Driver as George - Barman
* Molly Hamley-Clifford as Fat Woman
* Laurence Naismith as Mr. Grossmith
* Terry Randall as Daughter
* Johnnie Schofield as Motor Coachman
# Allen Zollars

Allen Zollars (September 3, 1839 – December 20, 1909) was a politician and judge in Indiana who served as a justice of the Indiana Supreme Court from January 1, 1883, to January 7, 1889.

## Biography

Zollars was born in Licking County, Ohio, to Frederick Zollars (December 11, 1801 – 1889) and Anna Whitmore (February 21, 1806-?). He received a B.A. from Denison University in Granville, Ohio, in or about 1863, and briefly studied law in Ohio before entering the University of Michigan Law School, where he received a Bachelor of Law in 1866.
He was elected as a Representative to the Indiana State in 1869, and also served as City Attorney of Fort Wayne, Indiana from 1869 to 1875. In 1877, he became the first person to serve as a judge of the Superior Court of Allen County, Indiana. He was elected to the Indiana Supreme Court in 1882, serving from 1883 to 1889, having failed to win reelection in 1888, a year when the Democratic Party did poorly throughout the state.

## Personal life

He married Marinda Holmes Ewing and had three children, Frederick L. Zollars (1869-1951), Charles Ewing Zollars (1875-1944), and Clara Zollars.
Zollars died in Fort Wayne at the age of 70.
# Sikh Pilgrimage to Pakistan

Sikh Pilgrimage to Pakistan is a book by Anup Singh Choudry and Hardip Singh Chowdhary, published by Gurbani Centre, UK, in 1985 and printed in Great Britain by Jarrold and Sons Ltd, Norwich.

## Content

The book is aimed at visitors to Sikh shrines in Pakistan. With the relaxation of the visa requirements for Indian citizens in 2005, increasing numbers of Sikh visitors are travelling to Pakistan. Guru Nanak, the founder of the Sikh religion was born on the outskirts of Lahore, and the book contains illustrations of various sacred places in Pakistan connected with the Guru from his birth to death. The events of the first Guru's life are now represented by sacred Gurdwaras, which are documented in this book.
Thousands of Sikhs visit Pakistan each year to celebrate the birth anniversary of their founder, Guru Nanak, at Nankana Sahib, his birthplace. This illustrated guide introduces most of the Sikh shrines in Pakistan connected with the founding Guru, to help prospective pilgrims who wish to visit these shrines.
The chapter on the Sikh Raj gives some background to the Sikhs' history and their present political status, referencing some recent events of historical importance and significance.
# Selly Galley

Selly Galley, born 25 September 1987 as Selorm Galley is a Ghanaian actress and TV presenter. She was on Big Brother Africa (season 8).

## Personal life

She is married to Praye Tietia, a Ghanaian hip hop star.
# Shirui National Park

Shirui National Park is a national park located in the state of Manipur in India. It was established in 1982. Among the animals that make their homes here include tragopan, tiger and leopard. It is here that the famous shirui lily (Lilium mackliniae) grows naturally.
The Shirui Kashong Peak near Ukhrul is a marvelous hill top view point located at a height of 2,835 meters above sea level. A number of rivers originate from this peak.
Rare birds like Blyth's Tragopan and Mrs. Hume's bar-backed pheasant inhabit the hill top.
In the park, natural life is supported by an undisturbed biological system.

## Flora

It has dense tropical forests all over and temperate forest in the hilltops.

## Sources

* 1 2 Handbook of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Biosphere Reserves in India p.69
* ↑ "Sirohi National Park in Manipur". Bharat Stories. 6 March 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
24°13′51″N 94°13′51″E﻿ / ﻿24.23083°N 94.23083°E﻿ / 24.23083; 94.23083
* This article related to a location in Manipur is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article about protected areas of India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# D'usse

D’Ussé is a brand of cognac made at the Château du Cognac in Cognac, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. It is a subsidiary of Bacardi. D’Ussé produces just two cognacs: D’USSÉ VSOP and D’USSÉ XO. D’Ussé VSOP is aged at least four and a half years in the Château de Cognac cellars. D'USSÉ Cognac was founded by Sovereign Brands and conceived by the senior-most cellar master working today, Michel Casavecchia. (Düsse was later sold to Bacardi and Jay-Z. Sovereign Brands still owns 1/3 of the brand.) D'usse is manufactured at the Château du Cognac. This 200-year-old venue — one of the oldest Cognac houses in France — is where Casavecchia created D'USSÉ.
# Andrew de Bosco

Andrew de Bosco, Lord of Redcastle and Kilvarock was a 13th-century Scottish noble and soldier.
Through his marriage to Elizabeth, a co-heiress of John Bissett of Lovat, Redcastle and Kilvarock passed into the Bosco family. He died before 1291, being succeeded by John de Bosco. John died during the Irish campaign of Edward Bruce.
The lands of Kilvarock passed via Maria, daughter or grand daughter of Andrew to Hugh Rose.
# Andrew de Buchan

Andrew de Buchan (d. 1304?) was a Scottish Cistercian, bishop of Caithness from 1296.
He was Abbot of Coupar Angus by 1284. He paid homage to Edward I of England at Perth 24 July 1291, and at Berwick-on-Tweed 28 August 1296. He was nominated to the bishopric of Caithness by Pope Boniface VIII, 17 December 1296.
Andrew de Buchan died in or before 1304.
# Salvia dombeyi

Salvia dombeyi, the giant Bolivian sage, is a tender perennial plant found at approximately 3000 m elevation in Peru, and is a popular subject for gardens. In cultivation, and with proper support, this vining sage can climb from 3–6 m. The heart-shaped dark green leaves have a long petiole with short hairs. The flowers are among the largest salvia flowers, typically at least 8 cm long—with a 4 cm currant-red calyx and a 9 cm scarlet corolla.
This semi-evergreen plant has been given an H2 hardiness rating by the Royal Horticultural Society in the UK. It tolerates low temperatures, but not freezing. It prefers a sheltered position in full sun or partial shade.
# Mama Was a Rock and Roll Singer, Papa Used to Write All Her Songs

Mama Was a Rock and Roll Singer, Papa Used to Write All Her Songs is the fifth and final studio album by American pop duo Sonny & Cher, released in 1973 by MCA Records. In 2018 it was released on CD.

## Album information

The album was released in 1973 and reached #132 on the Billboard album chart. The title track was the only single from the album to enter the US charts, reaching #77 (in a much shorter form) on the Billboard Hot 100.
The album is largely a collection of cover songs which include songs like "I Can See Clearly Now" (originally by Johnny Nash), "Brother Love's Traveling Salvation Show" (Neil Diamond), and "Listen to the Music" (The Doobie Brothers).
The only song written by Bono is the title track; it clocks in at over nine minutes on the album version, and was edited down to under four minutes for the single.

## Track listing
### Side A

* "It Never Rains in Southern California" (Albert Hammond, Mike Hazlewood) – 3:49
* "I Believe in You" (Dennis Pregnolato, Michel Rubini, Don Dunne) – 2:59
* "I Can See Clearly Now" (Johnny Nash) – 3:38
* "Rhythm of Your Heart Beat" (Tony Macaulay, Geoff Stephens) – 3:32
* "Mama Was a Rock and Roll Singer Papa Used to Write All Her Songs" (Sonny Bono) – 9:37

### Side B

* "By Love I Mean" (Hal David, William Jacobs, M. A. Trujillo) – 4:24
* "Brother Love's Traveling Salvation Show" (Neil Diamond) – 3:16
* "You Know Darn Well" (Tony Macaulay) – 3:20
* "The Greatest Show on Earth" (Bob Stone) – 3:50
* "Listen to the Music" (Tom Johnston) – 3:53

## Charts

| Chart (1974) | Position |
| US Billboard 200 | 132 |

## Artists

* Cher - Main Vocals
* Sonny Bono - Main Vocals

## Personnel

* David Paich - Conductor, Piano, Synthesizer
* David Hungate - Bass
* Jeff Porcaro - Drums
* Michael Omartian - Keyboards
* Joe Sample - Piano
* Dean Parks - Lead and Solo Guitar
* Dan Ferguson - Guitar
* Art Munson - Guitar
* Louie Shelton - Guitar
* Larry Carlton - Guitar
* Rick White - Guitar
* Buddy Emmons - Steel Guitar

## Production

* Sonny Bono - Producer
* Denis Pregnolato - Producer
* Michel Rubini - Producer
# Sam White (baseball)

Samuel Lambeth White (August 23, 1893 – November 11, 1929) was an English born Major League Baseball player. White played in only one game, for the Boston Braves in the 1919 season; he went 0 for 1. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
White was born in Kinsley, England, and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he was interred in Cedar Hill Cemetery.
# Malinnov M1P

The Malinnov M1P is a series of polymer-framed, short recoil-operated, double-action semi-automatic pistols designed and produced by Aegis Malinnov Sdn Bhd.

## History

The design of this weapon involved research and development for four years with almost ten prototypes and each was extensively tested. The basics of this weapon were originally from Glock and Beretta pistols and the company developed a sidearm with this M1P classification for reverse engineering.
The pistol is planned to be launched by 2017. It first appeared at the 2016 DSA convention. According to the local newspaper, The Star, it would be sold at RM4,000 each.

## Variants

The M1P would consist of the following:
* Law Enforcement/Military Type
* Competitive Type
# Andrey Martynov

Andrey Martynov may refer to:
* Andrey Martynov (actor) (born 1945), Russian actor
* Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov (1879–1938), Russian entomologist and palaeontologist
* Andrey Yefimovich Martynov (1768–1826), Russian painter and engraver
* Andrei Martynov (footballer) (born 1965), retired Turkmenistani footballer
# Andries Hoogerwerf (political scientist)

Andries Hoogerwerf (11 March 1931 – 25 March 2024) was a Dutch political scientist and public administration scholar. He was a professor of political science at the Radboud University Nijmegen and public administration theory at the University of Twente.

## Life

Hoogerwerf was born on 11 March 1931 in Delft. For his secondary school education he attended the Hogere Burgerschool. In 1960 he obtained a degree from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, which was followed by a doctorate from the same university in 1964.
Hoogerwerf worked as a journalist between 1948 and 1960, producing content in the fields of parliamentary affairs as well as interior and foreign affairs. In 1960 he started as a scientific employee at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. In 1968 he was named lector in political science at the same institute. The next year he became professor of political science at Radboud University Nijmegen. In 1977 he gave his inaugural speech as professor of public administration theory at the University of Twente. He retired in 1993. In a 2004 article in the scientific journal Bestuurswetenschappen authors J.K.J. Talen and R.C.P. Swieringa called Hoogerwerf one of the most important Dutch scholars of public administration theory of the previous 25 years.
Hoogerwerf was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1991. Together with Ig Snellen [nl] he won the L.P. van de Spiegelprijs [nl] in 2013.
# Kashiya Yokocho

Kashiya Yokocho (Penny Candy Lane) is a shopping street in Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture. Confectionery stores including penny candy stores line both sides of the street.

## Origins and history

The origin of the street dates back to 1796 (8th year of the Kansei Era), when Tozaemon Suzuki started to produce simple candies of Tokyoite choice in the present location, which flourished as the temple town of Yojuin temple. Later, the number of stores increased by sharing goodwill. After the Great Kanto Earthquake, this street manufactured and shipped Edo style candies such as Chitose Ame (red and white long stick candy), Kintarō-ame (long stick candy with Kintaro’s face), Mizu Yokan (soft adzuki-bean jelly) and Karinto (fried dough cookies) instead of devastated Tokyo. In the early Showa Era, there used to be more than 70 stores. At present, some 20 stores keep making candies according to the traditional manufacturing method. The street is stone-paved, whose quiet old atmosphere attracts tourists with its nostalgic feel. Kashiya Yokocho was chosen as one of the ‘100 Scent Sceneries’ by the Ministry of the Environment.
In June 2015, 5 stores burned down in a fire triggered by one of the candy stores there.
# Kateryna Istomina

Kateryna Istomina (born 7 March 1994) is a Paralympic swimmer from Ukraine. She competes in S8 and SM8 (individual medley) events.
# Sam Hazewinkel

Sam Hazewinkel (born March 4, 1983) is an American former wrestler who won the 2012 U.S. Olympic Trials and competed at the 2012 Olympics in freestyle 55 kg division. Hazewinkel previously served as head wrestling coach at Oklahoma City University during the 2019 and 2020 seasons. He has since returned to the University of Oklahoma, where he is a Volunteer Assistant Coach with his alma mater.

## High school

Hazewinkel completed a 140–0 record while wrestling in high school at Pensacola Christian Academy in Pensacola, Florida. He was a three-time Florida state champion. Hazewinkel was also a two-time Junior National Greco-Roman Champion.

## College

As a collegiate wrestler, Hazewinkel was a four-time All-American at the University of Oklahoma, with a best finish of 2nd place at the NCAA Championships.

## International

Hazewinkel was a 2008 University World Champion in Greco-Roman. He defeated wrestler Nick Simmons 2-to-1 at the finals of the 2012 U.S. Freestyle Olympic Trials, with a final and deciding period victory of 3–0. At the 2012 Olympics, Hazewinkel lost to in his opening match to Daulet Niyazbekov of Kazakhstan.

## Family

Sam's father David Hazewinkel and uncle Jim Hazewinkel were both Olympic wrestlers. Him and his father Dave, were the first father and son to each make the U.S. Olympic team.
# Sam Hecht

Sam Hecht RDI, born in London 1969, is a British industrial designer. Hecht and his partner Kim Colin are the founders of a London design studio called Industrial Facility. Clients include Muji, Yamaha, LaCie, Emeco, Established & Sons, Issey Miyake, Epson, Magis, Lexon, Whirlpool, and Wästberg.
He has taught at the Royal College of Art and as visiting professor of Karlsruhe University in Germany.
Hecht and Colin's work is held in museum collections including the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York and the Centre Pompidou in Paris.
Designs by Hecht and Colin have received numerous prizes including six iF Gold Awards.
Hecht and Colin were appointed Royal Designers for Industry in the United Kingdom in 2008 and 2015, respectively.
In 2019 Phaidon Press published a monograph about Industrial Facility’s work.
# Andrew Russell

Andrew Russell may refer to:
* Andrew Russell (Australian politician) (1808–1867), Australian politician and businessman
* Andrew Russell (New Zealand politician) (1812–1900), British Army officer
* Andrew J. Russell (1829–1902), American photographer
* Sir Andrew Hamilton Russell (1868–1960), World War I New Zealand general
* Andrew Russell, 15th Duke of Bedford (born 1962), English peer
* Andrew Russell (Australian soldier) (c. 1969–2002), Australian SAS soldier killed in Afghanistan
* Andrew Russell (canoeist) (born 1983), Canadian canoeist
* Andrew Russell (footballer) (born 1993), Scottish footballer
* Andrew Russell (academic), British academic
* Andrew Russell (baseball) (born 1984), Australian baseball pitcher
# D'Agapeyeff cipher

The D'Agapeyeff cipher is an unsolved cipher that appears in the first edition of Codes and Ciphers, an elementary book on cryptography published by the Russian-born English cryptographer and cartographer Alexander D'Agapeyeff in 1939.
Offered as a "challenge cipher" at the end of the book, the ciphertext is:
   75628 28591 62916 48164 91748 58464 74748 28483 81638 18174 74826 26475 83828 49175 74658 37575 75936 36565 81638 17585 75756 46282 92857 46382 75748 38165 81848 56485 64858 56382 72628 36281 81728 16463 75828 16483 63828 58163 63630 47481 91918 46385 84656 48565 62946 26285 91859 17491 72756 46575 71658 36264 74818 28462 82649 18193 65626 48484 91838 57491 81657 27483 83858 28364 62726 26562 83759 27263 82827 27283 82858 47582 81837 28462 82837 58164 75748 58162 92000
It was not included in later editions, and D'Agapeyeff is said to have admitted later to having forgotten how he had encrypted it.

## Use of nulls in ciphertext

It is possible that not all the ciphertext characters are used in decryption and that some characters are nulls. Evidence for this is given by the author on p. 111 of the text under the sub-section heading Military Codes and Ciphers:
   "The cipher is of course easily made out, but if every third, fourth, or fifth letter, as may be previously arranged, is a dummy inserted after a message has been put into cipher, it is then extremely difficult to decipher unless you are in the secret."
While the index of coincidence for the D'Agapeyeff cipher is 1.812 when taken in pairs horizontally (e.g., '75' '62' '82'), the letter frequency distribution is too flat for a 196 character message written in English.
Additionally, D'Agapeyeff left two ciphers for the reader to solve. Each are approximately 100 characters in length and have an index of coincidence much higher than what is expected for English plaintext.

## Use of Polybius square methods in Codes and Ciphers

The structure of the D'Agapeyeff Cipher has similarities to the Polybius square, which the author used as examples in his book. He explicitly solves an example of a Polybius square based cipher from a friend in his cryptanalysis section of the book. This worked example consisted of 178 characters:
   CDDBC ECBCE BBEBD ABCCB BDBAB CCDCD BCDDE CAECB DDDAA CABCE AABDE BCEDC BCCDA EBDCB AAEAB ECDDB DCCEC EEABD ADEAD CAADE ACABD CBDCB AABDC ACEDC BABCD DCDBD DCBEB CDCBE BCAAB DACCD DBBBC EAACD BDCDD BCEDC AECAC EDC
When deciphered with a Polybius square, the plaintext of this exercise contains a mistake (based on mis-encoding "E" as "BE" rather than "CE"), but reads:
   "THE NEW PLAN OF ATTACK INCLUDES OPERATIONS BY THREE BOMBER SQUADRONS OVER FACTORY ARYA [AREA] SOUTHWEST OF THE RIVER"
| | A | B | C | D | E |
| A | S | D | U | M | I/J |
| B | F | W | A | O | Y |
| C | V | N | * | T | E |
| D | L | H | R | C | Q |
| E | B | P | K | * | * |