OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Guana Batz

The Guana Batz are an English psychobilly band who formed in 1982 in Feltham, West London, England. The band are most well known for their frequent appearances at the Klub Foot, an early psychobilly club.

## History

The original group members were Pip Hancox (vocals), Stuart Osborne (guitar), Dave "Diddle" Turner (drums) and Mick Wigfall (upright bass). Wigfall was removed by Osborne early on, who preferred a bass guitar player for the band. Mick White soon joined the band as bass guitarist. However, by 1984, the Guana Batz decided to again feature an upright bassist, and replaced White with Sam Sardi.
Turner quit the band in May 1987, the hectic touring schedule having grown too much for him, and opted to devote his time to his girlfriend and his construction job. He was replaced by former Get Smart bass player, Jonny Bowler. When Sardi left the band, Bowler switched to upright bass, and John Buck joined the band on drums. Mark Pennington of the Caravans played upright bass for the band after Sam Sardi left and prior to Johnny Bowler switching to bass.
Hancox's Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Pig Dog, was humorously referred to as the band's "fifth member." After being hit by a car, he was replaced by Hancox's new dog, Muttley, who would be featured on four Guana Batz album covers. Although Muttley has died, he reportedly lived to an old age.
The band broke up in 1990, but reunited in 1996. They are still touring today. Osborne also plays with The Unknowns. Buck still lives in London; Hancox and Bowler have relocated to San Diego, California and they have occasionally performed in the southern California area with ex-Stray Cats members under the moniker the Guana Cats.
In 2001, Turner died from a stroke and, in 2018, Bowler departed from the band.
The band continues to headline major festivals around the world, and have more recently built their US following, with their Stateside line-up featuring Eric Razo (FEAR, Henchmen, Viva Hate) on guitar, Victor Mendez (The Rhythm Shakers) on bass, and Jared Hren on drums.

## Discography
### Singles

| | Year | Title | UK Indie Chart Position |
| December | 1983 | "You're So Fine" / "Rock 'n' in My Coffin" | No. 19 |
| May | 1984 | "The Cave" | No. 6 |
| March | 1986 | "See Through" | No. 4 |
| July | 1986 | "I'm on Fire" | No. 5 |
| May | 1987 | "Rock This Town" | No. 8 |

### Albums

| | Year | Title | UK Indie Chart Position |
| August | 1985 | Held Down to Vinyl... At Last | No. 1 |
| November | 1986 | Loan Sharks | No. 3 |
| June | 1987 | Live over London | No. 5 |
| March | 1988 | Rough Edges | No. 6 |
| | 1990 | Electra Glide in Blue | |
| | 1994 | Get Around (demos) | |
| | 1998 | The Peel Sessions | |
| | 2000 | Can't Take The Pressure | |
| | 2001 | The Very Best of The Guana Batz | |
| | 2017 | Burning Up | |
| April | 2018 | Back to the Jungle | |
# Alfred Percy Allsopp

Alfred Percy Allsopp (26 August 1861 – 22 February 1929) was an English businessman and Conservative Party politician.
Allsopp was the sixth and youngest son of Henry Allsopp, 1st Baron Hindlip and Elizabeth Tongue. Several of his brothers were active in politics.
He was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Taunton at a by-election in April 1887, in the place of his oldest brother, Samuel, who had succeeded to the peerage on the death of their father. He was re-elected in 1892, and stood down from Parliament at the 1895 general election.
Allsopp was appointed as a Deputy Lieutenant of Staffordshire in 1887. He was also a Justice of the Peace (JP) in Worcestershire. He was Mayor of Worcester three times (1892, 1894 and 1909).
Alfred entered the family business Samuel Allsopp & Sons, as a junior partner from 1883 to 1887. He later became chairman of the company, and oversaw its conversion into a Limited Company, and retired from the business in 1900 and then sold all his shares in the company. He was also a director of the New Grand Hotel in Birmingham, of the Yolandi Mining Corporation Limited, and of Allsopp and Partners.
He was made bankrupt in June 1914, after losses at Allsopp and Partners forced him to resort to moneylenders, and discharged from bankruptcy in 1920.
# Melanoplus gurneyi

Melanoplus gurneyi, known generally as the Gurney's short-wing grasshopper or Gurney's spurthroat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
# Melchor Maldonado y Saavedra

Melchor Maldonado y Saavedra, O.S.A. (1588–1662) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Córdoba (1635–1662).

## Biography

Melchor Maldonado y Saavedra was born in Río de la Hacha in 1588 and ordained a priest in the Order of Saint Augustine. On 20 September 1631, he was selected as Bishop of Córdoba and confirmed by Pope Urban VIII on 8 March 1632. In 1633, he was consecrated bishop by Hernando de Arias y Ugarte, Archbishop of Lima. He was installed on 27 June 1635. He served as Bishop of Córdoba until his death on 11 February 1662. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Bernardino de Cárdenas Ponce, Bishop of Paraguay (1641); and the principal co-consecrator of Pedro de Villagómez Vivanco, Bishop of Arequipa (1633).
# Habenaria quinqueseta

Habenaria quinqueseta, the longhorn bog orchid, is a species of orchid closely related to H. macroceratitis and often mistaken for it.
Habenaria quinqueseta is native to Central America, the West Indies (Cuba, the Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica), southern Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz, Chiapas), northern South America (Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas), and the southeastern United States (from Texas to South Carolina).
# Methyl 4-iodobenzoate

Methyl 4-iodobenzoate, or methyl p-iodobenzoate, is an organic compound with the formula IC$_6$H$_4$COOCH$_3$. It is the methyl ester of 4-iodobenzoic acid, or may also be viewed as an iodinated derivative of methyl benzoate.

## Preparation

Methyl 4-iodobenzoate may be prepared by the Fischer esterification of 4-iodobenzoic acid with methanol.

## Reactions

The aryl-iodide functionality of methyl 4-iodobenzoate may undergo coupling reactions, such as a symmetrical Sonogashira coupling with trimethylsilylacetylene (with the TMSA deprotected to acetylene in situ) to form dimethyl 4,4'-(ethyne-1,2-diyl)dibenzoate.
# Doug Magor

Doug Magor (24 May 1947 – 11 January 1969) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne and Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s.
Magor was a reserves player at South Melbourne before breaking into the senior in 1967. He made his first appearance in a drawn game with Carlton at Lake Oval and played six further times that year. The following season he crossed to Footscray but would play only two games. He kicked his only career goal on his Footscray debut, against North Melbourne at Arden Street.
In January 1969, Magor was killed in a car accident near Batemans Bay.
# Martin Wiener

Martin Joel Wiener (born 1941) is an American academic and author. He is currently a research professor at Rice University.
Keith Joseph gave a copy of Wiener's book English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit: 1850–1980 to every cabinet minister.

## Selected bibliography

* Between Two Worlds: The Political Thought of Graham Wallas, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.
* English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit: 1850–1980. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 1981; paperback edition. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1985; new edition. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 2004.
* Review article "Treating 'Historical' Sources as Literary Texts: Literary Historicism and Modern British History," The Journal of Modern History Vol. 70, No. 3, September 1998
* Reconstructing the Criminal: Culture, Law and Policy in England, 1830–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
* Men of Blood: Violence, Manliness and Criminal Justice in Victorian England, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
* An Empire on Trial: Race, Murder and Justice under British Rule 1870–1835, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
* Edgerton, D. (2006) Warfare State: Britain, 1920 – 1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Edgerton, D. (1991) England and the Aeroplane – An Essay on a Militant and Technological Nation.
# Gulgeldy Annaniyazov

Gulgeldy Annaniyazov is an activist from Turkmenistan. He was initially arrested in 1995 for organizing a peaceful protest. After four years, he was released under a presidential pardon and fled to Kazakhstan and eventually Norway. Following the death of Saparmurat Niyazov and the resulting change in government, he moved back to Turkmenistan in 2008. At that point, he was arrested again on charges of "illegal border crossing," and sentenced to eleven years in prison, even though the Turkmen criminal code stipulates a maximum sentence of ten years for that charge. Another five years were later added to the charge. He was released from prison in 2019, but is still in "conditions that amount to detention."

## Background and arrests

Turkmenistan became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991; however Saparmurat Niyazov remained president for life. In response to this, Annaniyazov along with other members of the "Ashgabat Eight" organized the country's first pro-democracy protest. The government of Turkmenistan routinely quashes dissidents.
Following his 1995 arrest, there were reports that he was subjected to torture, and one of his co-defendants, Charymurat Gurov died in prison. He was released in January 1999, allegedly to coincide with a visit from Human Rights Watch to Turkmenistan.
Following his release, he left the country for Kazakhstan, and eventually Norway, where he received political asylum in 2002. Following the death of Niyazov, Annaniyazov returned to Turkmenistan in 2008, hoping to contribute to democratic change. He was arrested again at a family home in 2008. He was sentenced to eleven years in prison in a closed trial on October 7.
His wife and three of his children remained in Norway. Another daughter was allegedly prevented from leaving Turkmenistan after his arrest.
He was moved to Garabogaz in March 2019, a "Caspian coastal area where the salted air makes breathing difficult, and which takes days for visitors, including, family members in Ashgabat, to travel to visit," and where he is still being forced to work for the government. In May 2019, his family was allowed to visit him for the first time since his arrest.

## International response

The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention issued an opinion that the detention of Annaniyazov violated international law on 27 August 2013.
United States Senators Dick Durbin, Patrick Leahy, Sherrod Brown and Representative Tom Malinowski wrote a letter to Berdymukhamedov asking for the release of Annaniyazov, along with Nurgeldy Halykov and Khursanai Ismatullaeva in November 2021. He was also included in a letter, signed by eleven senators, calling for the release of unjustly detained prisoners in Central Asia.
The Ambassador from Norway to the OCSE emphasized Annaniyazov's case in relation to Turkmenistan's human rights record.
# Melanoplus huroni

Melanoplus huroni, known generally as the Huron short-wing grasshopper or Huron short-winged locust, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
# 1964 in Canadian music
## Births

* 18 January – Jim Matt, country music singer.
* 18 January – Patrick Esposito Di Napoli, member of Les Colocs (d.1994).
* 25 January – Andrew MacNaughtan, photographer and music video director (d.2012).
* 30 January – Patricia Conroy, country music singer.
* 1 February – Dwayne Goettel, former member of Skinny Puppy (d.1995).
* 6 February – Gordon Downie, lead singer and lyricist for The Tragically Hip.
* 8 March – Denise Murray, country music singer.
* 8 June – Mark Howard, audio engineer.
* 17 August – Colin James, Juno Award-winning singer-songwriter, and guitarist.
* 12 September – Greg McConnell, indie rocker and member of Absolute Whores (d.1999).
* 16 November – Diana Krall, Grammy and Juno Awards winning jazz musician.
* 29 November – Jesse Cook, Juno Award-winning guitarist.
* 30 November – Edwin Orion Brownell, neo-classical composer and concert pianist.
* 7 December – Kyp Harness, folk singer and social activist.

### Full date unknown

* Charest, Benoît, guitarist and film score composer.
* Danna, Jeff, film score composer
* Lee, Brent, composer and professor of Music Composition at the University of Windsor.
* Ichkhanian, Levon, jazz composer and guitarist

## Events
### Albums released

* Lorne Greene, The Man

### Awards

* 28 December, the 1st RPM Awards are announced.

### Festivals

* Mariposa Folk Festival was held at the Maple Leaf Stadium
* Miramichi Folksong Festival
* Montreal Festivals

### Magazines and publications

* 24 February – RPM publishes first issue.

### Music groups
#### Bands formed

* 3's a Crowd (band)
* Chai Folk Ensemble
* Jack London & The Sparrows
* The Mynah Birds

#### Bands disbanded

* CBC Symphony Orchestra
* The Crew-Cuts

### Organisations

* Alberta Music Festival Association is established to coordinate local music competition.

### Singles released

* "My Baby's Comin' Home" by Paul Anka

### Songs

* Early Morning Rain, composed and recorded by Gordon Lightfoot.
* Mon Pays ("My Homeland") composed by Gilles Vigneault.
* Universal Soldier (song), written and recorded Buffy Sainte-Marie.
* You Were on My Mind, written by Sylvia Tyson.

### Venues

* The Matador Club, a country-music venue, opens in Toronto.

### Other

* 10 April – Glenn Gould retires from public performance in Los Angeles.

## Deaths

* 7 January – Colin McPhee, composer and musicologist.
* 9 September – Charles O'Neill, bandmaster, composer, organist, cornetist, and music educator.
* 24 November – Georges-Émile Tanguay, composer, organist, pianist, and music educator.
* 27 December – Pierre-Aurèle Asselin, tenor singer, brother to Marie-Anne Asselin.
# Deutscher Fantasy Preis

Deutscher Fantasy Preis is a literary prize of Germany. It was established in 1979 by the Erster Deutscher Fantasy Club [de] (First German Fantasy Club), and is awarded to German-speaking authors, publishers and translators in the field of fantasy literature. From 1992 to 2008 the prize was endowed every fourth year by the city of Passau when it was awarded at the Kongresse der Phantasie (Congress of Fantasy) convention.

## Past winners

* 2021 – Dieter von Reeken
# Mecacci

Mecacci is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Luciano Mecacci (born 1946), Italian psychologist and author
* Matteo Mecacci (born 1975), Italian diplomat
# David Livingstone (disambiguation)

David Livingstone (1813–1873) was a Scottish explorer of Africa and Congregationalist pioneer medical missionary.
David Livingstone may also refer to:
* David Livingstone (film), a 1936 British historical adventure film
* David Livingstone (cricketer) (1927–2011), Scottish cricketer
* David N. Livingstone (born 1953), British historian
* David Livingstone (broadcaster), broadcaster for Sky Sports in the UK
* David Livingstone, producer of the 2014 film Pride
# Martín Wainer

Martín Wainer (born 2 July 1993) is an Argentine football manager.

## Career

Wainer began his career as a scout, notably working for Bayer 04 Leverkusen before joining Mariano Soso's staff at Gimnasia La Plata in 2017, as a technical secretary. He followed Soso to Emelec, Defensa y Justicia, San Lorenzo and O'Higgins, now as his assistant.
In 2023, Wainer was a member of Lucas Pusineri's staff at Tigre. On 8 July 2024, he was presented as manager of Ecuadorian Serie A side Imbabura, replacing Joe Armas, but was sacked in less than two months in charge.

## Personal life

Wainer's father Gabriel and brother Javi are involved with football: the former worked as a technical secretary for several national teams, while the latter is a scout at Roma.
# East Gate Range

The East Gate Range is a mountain range in Churchill County, Nevada.
# Melanoplus gothicus

Melanoplus gothicus is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae.
# Lambda (novel)

Lambda is a 2022 science fiction novel written by British artist and author David Musgrave.

## Overview

A police officer connects with a strange race of aquatic humans.
# Meiereibach (Darmbach)

Meiereibach is a small river of Hesse, Germany. It flows into the Darmbach in Darmstadt.
# Michael Caruso (editor)

Michael Caruso is an American magazine editor. He is the fourth editor-in-chief of the Smithsonian magazine, a position he held from 2011 to 2019. He was credited for coining the term "elevator pitch."

## Biography

Caruso grew up in Lake Forest, Illinois, and graduated from Columbia University in 1983. His father, Jerome Caruso, is an industrial designer who has designed International Design Excellence Award-winning pieces for Herman Miller, Rockwell International, Motorola and was called "The Man Behind The Kitchen Revolution" by Businessweek.
He joined the journalism industry by working for The New Yorker as a messenger, before becoming executive editor of The Village Voice. He was recruited by Tina Brown to Vanity Fair and served as senior articles editor, during which he worked with the likes of Norman Mailer and Joyce Carol Oates and coined the term "elevator pitch". He served as editor-in-chief of Los Angeles magazine, Details magazine, Men's Journal, the founding editor of the now-defunct Maximum Golf, and was an editor-at-large at Portfolio magazine.
He was the deputy editor of the WSJ magazine before being hired by the Smithsonian Institution to serve as the fourth editor-in-chief of its magazine, the Smithsonian. As editor-in-chief, Caruso introduced a poetry feature and began organizing issues around themes and commissioned pieces by Ruth Reichl, Mimi Sheraton, David Maraniss, Natalie Angier and Sloane Crosley. His reorganization was described "smart and playful" by Adweek.
# David Livingstone (cricketer)

David Livingstone (23 February 1927 – 9 February 2011) was a Scottish first-class cricketer. He was a right arm off-spinner and took the only 10 wicket haul of his career against Ireland at Dublin in 1957. He also propelled Scotland to a famous victory against Warwickshire at Edgbaston in 1957 with 5–47 in the second innings; and he took 6–93 against Australia in Aberdeen in 1964. He had 25 representative caps for Scotland to his name. Livingstone was born in Glasgow in 1927 and died at his home on the Isle of Skye in February 2011.
# Lenka (disambiguation)

Lenka is a singer-songwriter from Australia of Czech descent.
Lenka may also refer to:
* Lenka (given name), feminine given name
* Lenka (album) the 2008 self-titled album by Lenka
* Lenka, Slovakia, village in Slovakia situated on the border with Hungary
* Lenka (wasp), a wasp genus in the subfamily Pteromalinae
* the former German name of the Silesian town Łęka Opatowska, in southwestern Poland
# E. G. Schroeder

Ernest Gustav "Dad" Schroeder (1882 – February 23, 1960) was an athletic director for the University of Iowa for 11 years and the first wrestling and tennis coach in school history.

## Coaching career

Schroeder was born in Germany in 1882 and moved to the United States at age six. He attended Simpson College, where he participated in gymnastics and wrestling. He later coached basketball at the school. Schroeder went to the University of Iowa in 1907 to study medicine but soon got involved in coaching at Iowa as well.
Schroeder wanted all college students to get involved in athletics. His fatherly concern for his students and athletes earned him the nickname "Dad". He is considered the founder of intramural athletics at Iowa. Schroeder served as Iowa's first wrestling coach from 1911 to 1915 and in 1921 and was a member of the Olympic wrestling committee in 1936. He was also Iowa's first varsity tennis coach from 1923 to 1937.

## Athletic director

In 1936, Iowa's head football coach and athletic director, Ossie Solem, left to take the position of head football coach at Syracuse University. On January 18, 1937, "Dad" Schroeder was appointed to succeed Solem as Iowa's athletic director. He presided over the athletic department for 11 years from 1937 to 1947. During that time, he helped reduce the athletic department's debt from the building of the Fieldhouse and Iowa Stadium and lead the athletic department out of financial danger. Before the 1939 football season, Schroeder wanted to hire Eddie Anderson as Iowa's head football coach. Schroeder offered to give Anderson his job as athletic director as well if it would convince Anderson to relocate to Iowa City. Anderson eventually accepted the coaching job but turned down Schroeder's offer of the position of athletic director.
Schroeder helped keep the athletic department going during World War II, when the Pre-Flight Officer training program took over many of Iowa's athletic facilities. He retired as athletic director in 1947 and remained with the university as a part-time instructor until 1952.
# Hand-stopping

Hand-stopping is a technique by which a natural horn or a natural trumpet can be made to produce notes outside of its normal harmonic series. By inserting the hand, cupped, into the bell, the player can reduce the pitch of a note by a semitone or more. This, combined with the use of crooks changing the key of the instrument, allowed composers to write fully chromatic music for the horn and almost fully chromatic music for the trumpet before the invention of piston and valve horns and trumpets in the early 19th Century. A stopped note is called gestopft in German and bouché in French.
The technique was invented in Europe in the mid 18th Century, and its first celebrated exponent was Giovanni Punto, who learned the technique from A. J. Hampel and subsequently taught it to the Court orchestra of George III.
In addition to the change in pitch, the timbre is changed, sounding somewhat muted. Some pieces call for notes to be played stopped (sometimes written as gestopft in the score) specifically in order to produce this muted tone. This can clearly be heard on recordings of natural horns playing pre-valve repertoire such as the Punto concertino (a recording by Anthony Halstead and the Hanover Band is available which demonstrates this to particularly good effect).
The pitch control is affected by the degree of closing the bell with the right hand. As the palm closes the bell, the effective tube length is increased, lowering the pitch (up to about a semitone for horns in the range D through G). But when the hand stops the bell completely, the tube length is shortened, raising pitch about a semitone for horns tuned near to the key of F.
# Driving factors

In energy monitoring and targeting, a driving factor is something recurrent and measurable whose variation explains variation in energy consumption. The term independent variable is sometimes used as a synonym.
One of the most common driving factors is the weather, expressed usually as heating or cooling degree days. In energy-intensive processes, production throughputs would usually be used. For electrical circuits feeding outdoor lighting, the number of hours of darkness can be employed. For a borehole pump, the quantity of water delivered would be used; and so on. What these examples all have in common is that on a weekly basis (say) numerical values can be recorded for each factor and one would expect particular streams of energy consumption to correlate with them either singly or in a multivariate model.
Correlation is arguably more important than causality. Variation in the driving factor merely has to explain variation in consumption; it does not necessarily have to cause it, although that will in most scenarios be the case.
Driving factors differ from static factors, such as building floor areas, which determine energy consumption but change only rarely (if at all).