OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lower Lea Valley Cable Tunnels

The Lower Lea Valley Cable Tunnels, known as the PLUG (Power Line Under Ground) Project during construction, are a pair of 6 km cable tunnels running beneath the lower Lea Valley in east London. Constructed at a cost of £130m ahead of the 2012 London Olympic Games, they are owned by National Grid plc and UK Power Networks.
The two tunnels run south from Hackney substation to West Ham substation at a depth of 20-30m below ground. One tunnel is 4.15m in diameter and carries a 400 kV circuit as part of the National Grid, while the other tunnel is 2.82m in diameter and carries a 132 kV circuit as part of the London power distribution network.
The UK Power Networks tunnel also features an 850 m spur tunnel to link it to the substation in Bow.
The tunnels replaced two over ground power lines which crossed the area which would be turned into the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. The cable tunnels were one of the first major projects for the London Olympics, and was critical to allow subsequent work on the Olympic Park to continue on schedule. After the tunnels were commissioned, the 52 pylons and 80 km of overhead wires were removed and recycled. More than 200,000 cubic metres of spoil was generated, the majority of which was reused in the construction of the Olympic Park.
# Concepción Mendizábal Mendoza

Concepción Mendizábal Mendoza (March 4, 1893 – November 23, 1985) was a Mexican civil engineer. Mendizábal is recognized the first woman in Mexico to earn a civil engineering degree. She attended the Palacio de Minería starting in 1921 and successfully passed the engineering exam on February 11, 1930. Following her death

## Early life

Mendizábal was born in Mexico City on March 4, 1893. Her father, Joaquín de Mendizábal y Tamborrel, was an engineer and she was inspired by his career. She had a primary education between 1913 and 1917 and then entered a normal school for teachers. She also pursued additional courses in mathematics.

## Education and career

Mendizábal started taking engineering classes at the Escuela Nacional de Ingenieros in the Palacio de Minería in 1921. At first, she audited the classes, but eventually her normal school courses were considered equivalent to the bachelor's degree she required to be fully enrolled. While she was in school, her father became ill and eventually died in 1926. Nevertheless, she came back to school and achieved high grades in all her classes.
She graduated in 1927 and in January 1930, applied to take the professional exam for engineers. Her thesis was unusual in being illustrated with photographs. When she passed the exam on February 11, 1930, she became the first woman in Mexico to earn a civil engineering degree.
Mendizábal went on to work with the Sociedad Científica Antonio Alzate (Antonio Alzate Scientific Society), which her father had helped create.

## Legacy

She was honored with the Ruth Rivera award in 1974. Mendizábal died on November 23, 1985.
# Rufus Sage

Rufus B. Sage (1817–1893) was an American writer, journalist and later mountain man. He is known as the author of Scenes in the Rocky Mountains published in 1846, depicting the life of fur trappers.

## Life

Rufus B. Sage was born on March 17, 1817, to the family of Deacon Rufus Sage, in Cromwell, Connecticut, beforehand known as Middletown. He was the youngest of seven children. His father died when Rufus was 9 which left him in trouble of self-educating and raising. However, due to his vigour and determination Sage was able to self-tutor himself and start working as a printer in the Middleton newspaper.
In fall of 1836 he moved to Washington County, Ohio, where he became teacher and junior intern at the Marietta Gazette. Thereupon in the spring of 1838, he embarked on an enterprise which took him southward with a cargo of ice. He made little money from this business venture. He decided from his observations in Louisiana and Mississippi that he disliked slavery.
After returning to the northern United States, he settled in Circleville, Ohio, out of which base he became well known as a writer, speaker and activist. He organised a debating club, which became very popular, and his press connections brought him in contact with the most prominent citizens of the country. In 1839 he moved to Columbus, Ohio, and began working at the Ohio State Bulletin.
In early 1840 Sage became a part of the political campaign of William Henry Harrison for president. At first he edited and published a weekly campaign paper, later on a daily one in support of Harrison and other Whig candidates.
After the political campaign he decided to venture west of the Mississippi River.
Sage organized a party to explore the American west. Despite the fact that his party was scarce, Sage ventured onwards and later joined a party of traders with Native Americans. This period was later described in his famous recollections entitled Scenes in the Rocky Mountains.
In July, 1844, he returned to Columbus and commenced a campaign to support Henry Clay in becoming U.S. president. He supported Clay due to his opposition to the annexation of Texas. In part this was because Sage felt the incorporation of a Texas allowing slavery would allow the contamination of African-American slavery longer.
Later on Sage became editor of the Chillicothe Gazette, and worked there until 1845, when he returned to visit his home town. In the quiet of his house he prepared his recollections for printing. But his future ideas of travel and adventure had to be changed – his elderly and invalid mother convinced Sage to marry and settle down. He did so and lived for the rest of his life in Cromwell.
Rufus B. Sage died on December 23, 1893.
# Alexander Rogers

Alexander Rogers may refer to:
* Alexander Rogers (sport shooter)
* Alexander Rogers (Canadian politician)
* Alexander Rogers (Australian politician)
# Low Countries Cup

The Low Countries Cup was an ice hockey tournament consisting of teams from the Netherlands and Belgium. The tournament was played from 1995–1999 and from 2003–2006.

## Champions

| Year | Winner | Runner-up | 3rd place |
| 2006 | Amstel Tijgers | Tilburg Trappers | Heerenveen Flyers |
| 2005 | Amsterdam Bulldogs | Heerenveen Flyers | Smoke Eaters Geleen |
| 2004 | Heerenveen Flyers | Amsterdam Bulldogs | Tilburg Trappers |
| 1999 | Smoke Eaters Geleen | HYC Herentals | none |
| 1998 | Smoke Eaters Geleen | Den Bosch | IHC Leuven |
| 1997 | HYC Herentals | Den Bosch | Griffoens Geel |
| 1996 | Phantoms Deurne | HYC Herentals | HYS The Hague |
# Julius Lewkowitsch

Julius Isidor Lewkowitsch (1857–1913) was a German chemical engineer, specialising in vegetable and animal oils and fats, who settled in Victorian England. He was the author of The Chemical Technology and Analysis of Oils, Fats, and Waxes, a standard text that went through five editions in the years 1895–1921.

## Life

Julius Lewkowitsch was born in Ostrowo (then in the Kingdom of Prussia) on 4 September 1857, into a Jewish family. In 1879 he obtained a doctorate from Breslau University, where he studied under Victor von Richter. After short periods as a secondary-school teacher and as a research assistant to Victor Meyer at Heidelberg University, Lewkowitsch became an industrial researcher. In 1887 he moved to England as Technical Manager to the soap manufacturers Joseph Watson & Sons in Leeds, where he developed a way of preparing glycerin from soap lye without the use of arsenic. In 1889 he became a member of the Society of Chemical Industry. In 1895 he set up in business as a consulting chemist in Manchester, moving to London in 1898. He established his own laboratory in West Hampstead.
On 5 May 1902 Lewkowitsch married Katherine Julia Morris. Their two children were Elsa Lewkowitsch and Jason Farradane. Lewkowitsch died at Chamonix on 15 September 1913.
In 1980 the Society of Chemical Industry's biennial Julius Lewkowitsch Memorial Lecture was established in his memory in accordance with a bequest by his daughter, Elsa.

## Awards

* Lavoisier Medal, 1909

## Publications

* The Chemical Technology and Analysis of Oils, Fats, and Waxes, first edition 1895.
Lewkowitsch was a contributor to the 11th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911).
# Ruy Fernández de Fuenmayor

Ruy Fernández de Fuenmayor (1603 in Santo Domingo – 1651 in Venezuela) was a Spanish soldier who was governor of Venezuela Province between 1637 and 1644.
Fuenmayor was born in 1603, the son of Fernández de Fuenmayor and Juana Figueroa. He served in various positions in Spain, Puerto Rico and Hispaniola. He was General of the galleys in Hispaniola, and in 1635 led an attack on buccaneers who had settled on Tortuga, expelling them from the island for several years. In this raid, he led 250 Spanish soldiers. The Governor of Tortuga, Christopher Wormeley, made his escape. The colonists were less lucky, with 195 being hung, and thirty-nine taken prisoner, along with thirty slaves. Fuenmayor did not leave a garrison, and Tortuga was soon reoccupied by French settlers.
Fuenmayor returned to Spain, and on 26 November 1636 was appointed Governor and Captain-General of Venezuela Province, arriving there in 1637. In 1637 he arranged for transfer of the seat of the bishop of Venezuela from Santa Ana de Coro to Caracas. In 1640 the Benedictine Mauro de Tovar became bishop, and had many conflicts with Fuenmayor.
There was a great earthquake in 1641, and the Caracas council proposed moving the city to the Chacao savanna, a move that Fernandez de Fuenmayor forcibly opposed. He arranged for the fort of La Guaira, which had been destroyed by the earthquake, to be quickly rebuilt. In 1642 Fuenmayor tried unsuccessfully to regain the island of Curaçao, which the Dutch had occupied since 1634. In response, several Dutch pirates attacked Maracaibo and British pirates attacked La Guaira, but were repulsed.
Fuenmayor finished his term in office in 1644, and was succeeded by Marcos Gedler y Calatayud. He remained in Caracas for the remainder of his life. In 1651 he was killed by Fernando García Ribas, Contador of the Royal Treasury.
# Royston Evans (footballer)

John Royston Evans (born 9 February 1939) is a Welsh footballer, who played as a winger in the Football League for Chester and Halifax Town.
# Joseph Phelps (Australian politician)

Joseph James Phelps (died 13 April 1890) was an Australian politician.
He was a Quaker pastoralist at Albermarle Station, Menindee, New South Wales. In 1864 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Balranald. He served until his retirement in 1877. Phelps died at Limerick in Ireland in 1890.
# Amy Goodloe

Amy Goodloe is the creator of the websites Women Online and Lesbian.org, a non-profit organization focused on documenting activities and work by lesbians on the web. She also initiated and maintained mailing lists that served as online discussion spaces for LGBTQ communities. She was a professor of writing in the Women and Gender Studies department at the University of Colorado-Boulder.

## Career

In the 1990s, Goodloe was responsible for starting and maintaining Usenet mailing lists for lesbians. She is considered to be a leading figure in creating online spaces that allowed lesbians to easily interact with each other. Goodloe has contended that participation in these spaces represents a form of activism.
By 1997, there were 46 e-mail lists available for lesbian audiences. Goodloe notes that many of these lists retained policies that restricted participation to women only, but discussion participants would frequently disagree over whether transgender or bisexual individuals should be included in these spaces. Goodloe created the website repository Lesbian.org between 1994-1995 to both provide a platform for lesbians and to demonstrate their increasing presence online. The website included resources such as literary journals, noticeboards, business listings, and information about art exhibitions featuring work by or about lesbians.
# Cobmoosa, Michigan

Cobmoosa was a location in Oceana County, Michigan. It was named for Cobmoosa, the Odawa leader who the federal government built a log cabin for here in 1858 during the relocation of the Odawa here from Ionia County, Michigan.
There was a store operated by Cook and Wessel, schools, and post office in Cobmoosa, but after a fire that brought down the post office in 1916, it was never replaced. A lake and the area continue to be called Cobmoosa. The site of the post office is not known; the lake, which was near Cobmoosa, is located west of Walkerville, Michigan. The coordinates provided are for Cobmoosa Lake.
# Dean Barrick

Dean Barrick (born 30 September 1969) is an English former footballer.
He played primarily as a left back for Preston North End, Rotherham United and Cambridge United amongst other clubs in a career spanning 17 years.
As a manager, he took Hucknall Town to the 2005 FA Trophy final. He was the head of physical education at The British School in Warsaw, Poland.
Dean Barrick was also a physical education teacher at Hatfield Visual Arts College in Hatfield, Doncaster.
# Dan Onuorah Ibekwe

Dan Onuorah Ibekwe, // was a Nigerian Jurist, former President of the Nigerian courts of appeals and Justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria. He was succeeded by Justice Nasir Mamman following his demise in 1978.

## Life

Daniel Onwurah Ibekwe was born on 23 June 1919, in Onitsha, the son of Akukalia and Amaliwu Ibekwe. He started primary education at St Mary's School and then attended Christ the King College both schools are in Onitsha. Furthering his education, he studied law at the Council of Legal Education, London. He was called to the bar in 1951. He started practicing law in the private firm of John Idowu Conrad Taylor but later moved to Aba in 1954. He joined the regional public service in 1956 as a legal adviser to the premier of the region and from 1958 to 1964, he was Solicitor General and Permanent Seceretary, Ministry of Justice, Eastern Region. Between 1965 and 1966, he was a senator and Minister in Charge of Commonwealth Relations, Ministry of External Affairs.
Ibekwe was made a Supreme Court judge in 1972 and was at the court until 1975 when he was appointed Attorney General of the Federation by the then Head of State, Late General Murtala Muhammed. In 1975, he served briefly as the Federal Commissioner of Justice but with the establishment of the Court of Appeal in 1976, he was appointed as the court's first president.
# Macrometer

A macrometer is an instrument for measuring the size and distance of distant objects. Distant in this sense means a length that can not be readily measured by a calibrated length. The optical version of this instrument used two mirrors on a common sextant. By aligning the object on the mirrors using a precise vernier, the position of the mirrors could be used to compute the range to the object. The distance and the angular size of the object would then yield the actual size.
# Crouttes-sur-Marne

Crouttes-sur-Marne (French pronunciation:, literally Crouttes on Marne) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
# Croutoy

Croutoy (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
# Maicel

Maicel is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Maicel Malone-Wallace (born 1969), American sprinter
* Maicel Uibo (born 1992), Estonian decathlete
# Amirante

Amirante may refer to:

## People

* John Amirante (1934–2018), American singer
* Salvatore Amirante (born 1984), Italian footballer

## Places

* Amirante Islands, Seychelles
# Madagascar at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships

Madagascar competed at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, Russia from 24 July to 9 August 2015.

## Swimming

Malagasy swimmers have achieved qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the A-standard entry time, and 1 at the B-standard):

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Andrianirina Lalanomena | 400 m freestyle | 4:49.08 | 68 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| Ralefy Anthonny Sitraka | 50 m butterfly | 24.69 | 41 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Estellah Fils Rabetsara | 200 m individual medley | 2:36.25 | 39 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Madagascar at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics

Madagascar participated at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 6 October to 18 October 2018.

## Competitors

| Sport | Boys | Girls | Total |
| Athletics | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Judo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Weightlifting | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Total | 3 | 1 | 4 |

## Athletics

Track
| Athlete | Event | Stage 1 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 2 | Final Placing |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Final Placing |
| Christel Rakotomalala | Boys' 400m | 54.31 | 20 | 52.88 | 20 | 19 |

## Judo
### Individual

| Athlete | Event | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Rep 1 | Rep 2 | Rep 3 | Final / BM | Final / BM |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Mireille Andriamifehy | Girls' 52 kg | Milana Charygulyyeva (TKM) W 01s1-00s1 | Sosorbaram Lkhagvasüren (MGL) L 00-10 | did not advance | Bye | Sarah Kafufula (COD) W 10-00 | Nahomys Acosta (CUB) L 00-10 | did not advance | did not advance |

### Team

| Athletes | Event | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athletes | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Team Athens Mireille Andriamifehy (MAD) Martin Bezděk (CZE) Juan Montealegre (COL) Javier Peña Insausti (ESP) Christi Rose Pretorius (ZIM) Tababi Devi Thangjam (IND) Marin Visser (NED) Anwar Zrhari (MAR) | Mixed team | Bye | Team Los Angeles (MIX) W 5–3 | Team Rio de Janeiro (MIX) W 5–3 | Team Beijing (MIX) L 4–5 | |

## Weightlifting

Madagascar was given a quota by the tripartite committee to compete in weightlifting.

### Boy

| Athlete | Event | Snatch | Snatch | Clean & Jerk | Clean & Jerk | Total | Rank |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Miharintsoa Jose Rajaona | −56 kg | 85 | 6 | 110 | 5 | 195 | 6 |

### Girls

| Athlete | Event | Snatch | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Clean & jerk | Total | Rank |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Berthine Ravakiniaina | −44 kg | 40 | 5 | 50 | 5 | 90 | 5 |
# Karl-Heinz Schönfelder

Karl-Heinz Schönfelder (26 April 1923 – 29 December 2018) was a German historian of modern literature and the founder of American studies at the University of Leipzig.

## Biography

During World War II Schönfelder had been a prisoner of war in American captivity. Since 1948, he had a teaching practice for dealing in American English at Karl Marx University in Leipzig. In 1950 he earned his Ph.D degree with a dissertation on Sinclair Lewis as a social and cultural critic. From 1953 he also gave lectures about the history of the United States. 1954 he earned his habilitation about international problems regarding the mixing of peoples and languages including the aspects of German words feud heritage in American English.
Together with his assistant Eberhard Brüning from 1955 Schönfelder headed the Department of American Studies at the Institute of Anglistic and American Studies. Even after his appointment at Jena (1956–1963) Schönfelder stood a visiting scholar at Leipzig. Schönfelder always tried to highlight the "socialist" side of American literature, for example in 19th century works. He also wrote numerous pre-and postscripts for translations of American literature, for example to several works of Mark Twain or Ernest Hemingway.
Schönfelder died on 29 December 2018, at the age of 95.
# Karl-Heinz Schütz

Karl-Heinz Schütz is an Austrian classical flutist. He is the principal flutist of the Vienna Philharmonic.

## Career

Schütz was born in Innsbruck and grew up in Landeck, Tyrol. He studied under Eva Amsler, Aurèle Nicolet, and Philippe Bernold. He graduated from the Lyon Conservatory in 2000.
He joined the Vienna State Opera Orchestra in 2011 and moved on to the Vienna Philharmonic in 2015, which he joined as a principal flutist.

## Teaching

Schütz is a professor at the Music and Arts Private University of Vienna, gives regular international masterclasses, and teaches at the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra Academy. He is routinely invited as a jury member at international competitions, and was the chair of the jury in the 2019 Carl Nielsen International Music Competition.

## Awards

Schütz won first prizes in the 1998 Carl Nielsen International Music Competition and the 1999 International Flute Competition in Kraków.
# Karl-Heinz Stadtmüller

Karl-Heinz Stadtmüller (20 January 1953 – 13 September 2018) was an East German race walker. He was born in Berlin.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event |
| Representing East Germany ||||||
| 1972 | Olympic Games | Munich, West Germany | 11th | 50 km |
| 1973 | World Race Walking Cup | Lugano, Switzerland | 2nd | 20 km |
| 1974 | European Championships | Rome, Italy | 4th | 20 km |
| 1975 | World Race Walking Cup | Grand-Quevilly, France | 1st | 20 km |
| 1976 | Olympic Games | Montreal, Canada | 4th | 20 km |
| 1977 | World Race Walking Cup | Milton Keynes, England | 3rd | 20 km |
| 1980 | Olympic Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | 8th | 20 km |
# Anaphalis elegans

Anaphalis elegans is a species of flowering plants within the family Asteraceae. It is found in China (W Sichuan (Dêgê) and NW Yunnan (Zhongdian)).
# Anaphalis alpicola

Anaphalis alpicola is a species of flowering plants within the family Asteraceae. It is found in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu).
# Maingkaing

Maingkaing is a village in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma.
# Maikaba

Maikaba is a village in the Bamingui-Bangoran Prefecture in the northern Central African Republic.
# Sade Gawanas

Sade Gawanas is a Namibian politician who has served as mayor of Windhoek since 1 December 2021 till 19 January 2023, as her deputy took over. Previously, she was elected into the council of the City of Windhoek following the 2020 local elections. She is from the Landless People's Movement.

## Career

Gawanas previously worked as a flight attendant for the national airline Air Namibia before quitting to join active politics. This step was necessitated to comply with a directive by the Electoral Commission of Namibia which prohibits employees to stand as candidates for the National Assembly elections while holding onto their positions (Article 47 of the Constitution of Namibia).

## Personal life

Sade Gawanas is the niece of Bience Gawanas.