# Coo-Trois-Ponts Hydroelectric Power Station

The Coo-Trois-Ponts Hydroelectric Power Station is a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station located in Trois-Ponts, Province of Liege, Belgium. Located next to the Amblève River, one of the few sites where 250+ meter local elevation can be found in Belgium. The power station uses its water to support a power scheme where water is pumped from a lower reservoir to one of two upper reservoirs known as Coo I and Coo II. When energy demand is high, water can be released from these reservoirs for power generation. The water then returns to the lower reservoir and the process repeats as needed. The same machines that pump the water to the upper reservoirs at a higher elevation are also used as generators. The plant was commissioned in two stages, Coo I (1969) and Coo II (1978). It is owned by Engie-Electrabel and has an installed capacity of 1,164 MW.

## Design and operation

The lower reservoir for the power station has an elbow shape as it is a former meander of river Ambleve (now bypassed by a 15m high waterfall). It was formed with two embankment dams, one 10 m (33 ft) high and the other 30 m (98 ft). The maximum reservoir elevation of this reservoir is 248 m (814 ft). Nestled in the hills above and west of the lower reservoir are the upper reservoirs, Coo I and Coo II. Each reservoir was formed with an earth-fill dike. Coo I and Coo II have maximum reservoir elevations of 509 m (1,670 ft) and 507 m (1,663 ft), respectively. The active (or usable) storage of the combined upper Coo reservoirs is 8,450,000 m$^3$ (6,851 acre⋅ft). The lower reservoir has the same active capacity as well. Water is transferred between the reservoirs by means of two penstocks, Coo I's being 748 m (2,454 ft) long and Coo II's at 830 m (2,723 ft) in length. The power station is located underground and contains the plant's six generators. The Coo I reservoir powers three 158 MW Francis pump turbines (FPT) with Coo II consisting of three 230 MW FPTs. The change in elevation between the two reservoirs affords a hydraulic head that varies between 230 m (755 ft) and 275 m (902 ft), the effective head is 245 m (804 ft).
In the years 2000, Engie-Electrabel had plans to build a third upper reservoir with additional turbines (and deepen the lower reservoir accordingly). Those plans were then abandoned as the chemical battery technology was considered a better choice, mostly to implement smaller units with limited distribution network upgrade requirements
Instead, in 2021, one of the upper reservoir's dykes have been raised by 2-meter, as first step of a major maintenance of the station. The lower reservoir will also be dredged to increase its capacity accordingly, resulting in an increased stored capacity by 7.5% (from an equivalent of 6,000 MWh up to 6,450 MWh). The 3 oldest turbines are to be replaced, slightly increasing the peak capacity from 1,080 MW up to 1,159 MW.
The plant can go from a standstill to full operation in two and half minutes and switch to pumping mode in about seven minutes. It generates about 1 million MWh annually and consumes about 20 percent more in pumping mode. The plant usually pumps water during periods when electricity prices are low and releases it to generate electricity when prices are higher to make a net profit. Its ability to quickly adjust to power demand makes it a peaking power plant.