OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Osteopathic Board of Orthopedic Surgery

The American Osteopathic Board of Orthopedic Surgery (AOBOS) is an organization that provides board certification to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) and non-osteopathic (MD and equivalent) physicians who specialize in the medical and surgical treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system (orthopedic surgeons). The board is one of 16 medical specialty certifying boards of the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), and was originally a subdivision of the American Osteopathic Board of Surgery until it became an independent board in 1978. Additionally, diplomates of the American Osteopathic Board of Orthopedic Surgery are eligible for membership in the American Osteopathic Academy of Orthopedics and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

## Board certification

To become board certified in orthopedic surgery, candidates must have completed an ACGME-accredited residency in orthopedic surgery and one year of practice following the completion of residency. Additionally, candidates must have performed at least 100 major orthopedic surgeries in the six months preceding application for board certification, and successfully complete the required Written and Clinical exams. Since 2023, board certified osteopathic orthopedic surgeons complete the Osteopathic Continuous Certification (OCC) components, including annual Longitudinal Assessment, to maintain active board certification status.
Board certified osteopathic orthopedic surgeons may also receive Certification of Added Qualifications (CAQ) in Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Hand Surgery. Orthopedic surgeons holding subspecialty certification in Hand Surgery complete the Osteopathic Continuous Certification (OCC) components, including a recertification examination completed every ten years. Orthopedic surgeons holding subspecialty certification in Orthopedic Sports Medicine must complete the Osteopathic Continuous Certification (OCC) components, including annual Longitudinal Assessment.
# Alanpallam

Alampallam is a village in the Pattukkottai taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Alampallam had a total population of 1184 with 537 males and 647 females. The sex ratio was 1205. The literacy rate was 67.77.
# Leighton Brothers

The Leighton Brothers (alt. "Leighton and Leighton") was a vaudeville performance team consisting of brothers Frank Leighton and Bert Leighton. They also composed various songs, most notably "Steamboat Bill," the tune used in the Disney animated short, Steamboat Willie.

## Biography

Born to Irish immigrants, the Leighton Brothers grew up in Decatur, Illinois during the latter part of the 19th century. Frank Leighton was the first of the brothers to enter show business, joining a Medicine Show in 1897 and then the Burt Sheppard Minstrel Show in 1898. Bert joined Milt G. Barlow's minstrel group in 1899. The brothers came together for the first time in 1900, joining Vogle and Deming Minstrels. The duo found success as both blackface performers and vaudeville performers for the next few years, culminating in their joining of the Lew Dockstader minstrel group in 1904. The Leighton Brothers were invited to perform on the Orpheum Circuit, highlighting their original music as well as their new compositions of popular songs. Frank Leighton died in 1927, after which Bert went into real estate. Bert died in 1964.

## Music

The Leighton Brothers composed many ragtime pieces for use in minstrel shows and vaudeville, including "There's A Dark Man Coming With A Bundle" (sung by Bob Roberts), "Far away in Honolulu (They've got the tango craze)" (sung by Van and Schenck), and an arrangement of "Frankie and Johnny" with Ren Shields that would set the tone for all future versions of the song
It was with Shields that the Leightons composed their most memorable and influential song, "Steamboat Bill," in 1910. The song was a parody of best-selling "The Ballad of Casey Jones," by Seibert and Newton, which had itself been based on a song from the Leightons' vaudeville routine. Steamboat Bill was recorded by Arthur Collins in 1911 and would go on to inspire Charles Reisner to write a movie for Buster Keaton titled Steamboat Bill, Jr., which released as a silent film in 1928. That same year, Walt Disney found inspiration in the movie and in the song to create the first synchronized cartoon with sound, Steamboat Willie.
# American School of Guatemala

The American School of Guatemala is one of several private K-12 college preparatory schools in Guatemala City, Guatemala.
The American School of Guatemala is an independent, non profit, non-denominational, college preparatory institution offering an academic program modeled after the education practices and methodologies of the United States. It is founded on the principles of coeducational, bi-cultural (Guatemala-United States), and bilingual (Spanish-English) teaching.
ASG is fully accredited in the U.S. by the New England Association of Colleges and Schools and is recognized by the Guatemalan Ministry of Education as a Laboratory School. As a member of the Del Valle Grupo Educativo, ASG is actively committed to the development of education in Guatemala./

## History

In 1945 a group of parents established the school. On June 10 of that year the first classes began with levels Kindergarten through grade 5. There were 34 students, and first campus was a private residence in Zone 9. The student body increased to 74 by the end of the first school year. By that time, 12 teachers worked at the school. A 1948 presidential decree gave permission for ASG to be an experimental/laboratory school. Later the school gained its first large campus in Zone 14. After a few years ASG moved to Zone 16 where it created the beautiful campus you see today. They had grades from K- 12 and offer scholarships to those who cannot pay.

## Accreditation and affiliations

ASG is a member of associations that sponsor activities and provide education services. These organizations are:
* Tri-Regional Association of American Schools in Mexico, Central America, Caribbean and Colombia
* Association of American Schools of Central America, AASCA
* Inter-Regional Center, IRC
* Association of Supervision and Curriculum Development, ASCD
* Association for the Advancement of International Education, AAIE
* New England Association of Schools and Colleges, NEASC
Finally, the school maintains relations with the Bucks County Organization for Intercultural Advancement, with headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey. Foreign teachers are contracted by this institution as exchange teachers.

## Notable alumni

* Luis von Ahn, computer scientist and professor at Carnegie Mellon University
* Gert Rosenthal, diplomat, permanent representative of Guatemala to the United Nations
* Oliverio Castañeda, civil rights activist, assassinated at the age of 23 during the Guatemalan Civil War
# Mehnatobod

Mehnatobod may refer to:

## Tajikistan

* Mehnatobod, Hamadoni District, a jamoat in Khatlon Province
* Mehnatobod, Kushoniyon District, a jamoat in Khatlon Province
* Mehnatobod, Zafarobod District, a jamoat in Sughd Province

## Uzbekistan

* Mehnatobod District, in Sirdaryo Region
* Mehnatobod, Namangan region, an urban-type settlement in Mingbuloq District
# Alexander Seaton

Alexander Seaton or Seton (before 1626 – after 1649) was a Scottish soldier in Danish service during the Thirty Years' War. He briefly served as a governor in the Battle of Stralsund and as an admiral in the Torstenson War.

## Biography

Neither the place nor the date of Alexander Seaton's birth are recorded. Though his parents remain unknown, it has been proposed that either Alexander Seton of Lathrisk or George Seton of Cariston be his father.
Alexander Seaton entered the service of Christian IV of Denmark, and advanced to the rank of a captain of infantry on 8 April 1626. Upon request by the Danish king, the Scottish Privy Council allowed Seaton to levy 500 Scottish soldiers on 30 June.
On 28 February 1627, he advanced to the rank of a lieutenant colonel. In September, he was wounded in battle near Oldenburg, while securing Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar's rear against Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly's forces during the Battle of Heiligenhafen.
He moved his company to Stralsund where they joined other Scots of Donald Mackay's regiment during the Battle of Stralsund (1628), where he served as lieutenant colonel. He succeeded the Danish-German mercenary Heinrich Holk as Stralsund's governor. During the time he was in command, the town withstood the siege of Albrecht von Wallenstein's imperial army. He was succeeded as the governor in July by Alexander Leslie, a Scot in Swedish service who arrived with a contingent of Scots, Swedes and Germans. Wallenstein lifted the siege on 4 August, forced to accept his first check in the Thirty Years' War.
Seaton did not stay with his regiment when it entered Swedish service, and instead joined the Norwegian infantry as a captain in 1628 - having left Mackay's troops as a lieutenant colonel. For the next 17 years, no records of Seaton's life are known.
By 1645, he had advanced to the rank of a colonel in the Norwegian army and navy again. In 1645, Seaton took over eight ships of the Danish navy to fight Sweden as an admiral - the last appointment of a British in Christian IV's service. With these ships, he took part in the "Norwegian response" by attacking Gothenburg (Göteborg) from the sea. Seaton's assault took place in August, just before the Treaty of Brömsebro ended the Danish-Swedish war in favour of Sweden on 13/23 August 1645.
The last record of Seaton is of 19 April 1649, when he was a colonel in the Norwegian army. Date and place of Seaton's death are unknown, marriages are not recorded.
# Lahore Wildlife Park

Lahore Wildlife Park may refer to:
* Lahore Zoo Safari, Lahore
** also called Woodland Wildlife Park
** formerly called Lahore Wildlife Park
* Changa Manga, Lahore
* Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore
# Aioulf

Aioulf or Ag(r)iwulf (died June 457) was an obscure king of Galicia from 456. In 448, after eight years in captivity, the Roman ambassador Censorius was executed by one Agiulf at Seville (Hispalis). This Agiulf has sometimes been identified with Aioulf.
According to the local and contemporary chronicler Hydatius, after the sack of Braga and the execution of Rechiar, the previous Suevic king, by the Visigoths, the Gothic king, Theodoric II, led his army south into Lusitania while one of his commanders, Aioulf, deserted him and remained behind in Galicia hoping to make himself king of the Sueves there.
However, the later, Pannonian historian Jordanes records that Aioulf was a Warnic cliens (retainer) of Theodoric appointed by the king to administer the Suevi and who, being provoked by the Suevi themselves, sought to make himself king but was defeated by Theodoric's army in the first engagement, captured, and executed in Porto in June 457. According to E. A. Thompson, Jordanes is less reliable than Hydatius for three reasons: he lived further away both in time and space from events in Galicia, his record for accuracy is less reputable, and his bias for the Goths led him to make the disloyal Aioulf a Warni and to involve the Suevi themselves in the act of betraying Theodoric. More significantly, however, Jordanes mentions the Suevic bishops being greeted by Theodoric "with the reverence due to episcopal rank (pontificali reverentia)", an anachronism considering the Suevi were pagans in 457.
After Aioulf, the Suevi chose Remismund to be their king and he was accepted by Theodoric.

## Sources

* Thompson, E. A. "The Conversion of the Spanish Suevi to Catholicism." Visigothic Spain: New Approaches. ed. Edward James. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980. ISBN 0-19-822543-1.
* Thompson, E. A. "The End of Roman Spain: Part II." Nottingham Mediaeval Studies, xxi (1977), pp. 3–31. Reprinted as "The Suevic Kingdom of Galicia" in Romans and Barbarians: The Decline of the Western Empire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1982. pp. 161–187. ISBN 0-299-08700-X.
# American Osteopathic Board of Radiology

The American Osteopathic Board of Radiology (AOBR) is an organization that provides board certification to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) who specialize in the use of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of disease (radiologists). The board is one 18 medical specialty certifying boards of the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), and was established in 1939. The American Osteopathic Board of Radiology and the American Board of Radiology are the two certifying boards for radiologists in the United States. As of December 2011, 732 osteopathic radiologists held active certification with the AOBR. Radiologists board certified by the AOBR are eligible for membership in the American College of Radiology.

## Board certification

Initial certification is available to osteopathic radiologists who have successfully completed an AOA-approved residency in diagnostic radiology or radiation oncology, two years of practice, and successful completion of oral and written exams.
Diplomates certified in diagnostic radiology or in radiation oncology prior to 2002 are eligible for voluntary recertification. Since 2002, the American Osteopathic Board of Radiology requires osteopathic radiologists to renew their certification every ten years to avoid expiration of their board certified status. Additionally, osteopathic radiologists who have completed the requirements set forth by the AOBR and completed an AOA-approved radiology residency may be eligible to pursue certification by the American Board of Radiology.
Osteopathic radiologists may also receive Certification of Added Qualifications (CAQ) in the following areas:
* Neuroradiology
* Pediatric Radiology
* Vascular & Interventional Radiology
# Ditmar Meidell

Ditmar Meidell (24 January 1826 – 13 July 1900) was a Norwegian magazine and newspaper editor.
He was born in Bergen as a son of Lieutenant Colonel and customs inspector Christopher Pritzier Meidell (1783–1851) Laura Fogh (1793–1864). He tried to get into the Norwegian Military Academy, but failed the admission test. He studied mineralogy for a short time before founding the satirical magazine Krydseren together with Gudbrand Andreas Berg, Jakob Thomas Rørdam and Claudius Schive in 1849. Hartvig Lassen, Anton Rosing, Halvor Bentsen, Hans Brun and especially Ole Richter were also part of the milieu around the magazine. Norway's first satirical magazine, it was first issued fortnightly, but then weekly and later twice a week. Meidell was the sole editor-in-chief from 1851. Among his contributions as a writer, he is remembered for the song Oleanna. He published collections of writings, Krydserviser in 1882 and then Paa Kryds og paa Tværs in two volumes in 1888 and 1889.
On 1 January 1855, Krydseren ended and in its place came the newspaper Aftenbladet. Meidell edited the newspaper together with Børge Hjelm, then with Ole Richter, then with Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson. Bjørnson did not last for long in Aftenbladet because of political differences, but wrote in 1870 that Meidell was "the finest and wittiest pen" in Norwegian journalism. From 1860 to 1879 Meidell was the sole editor. However, his successor J. Sandberg soon died, and Meidell was again editor from 1880 to 1881, when the newspaper became defunct. From 1884 to 1885 Meidell published a periodical named Norsk Maanedsskrift for Literatur, Kunst og Politik. Despite that Krydseren and Aftenbladet were liberal-leaning, Norsk Maanedsskrift has been called a "Conservative reply to Ernst Sars' Nyt Tidsskrift". Meidell was also head librarian at the Deichman Library from 1884 to 1898.
In July 1868 in Hommedal Meidell married vicar's daughter Thora Houge (1843–1924). He died in July 1900 in Kristiania.
# Driopea nigromaculata

Driopea nigromaculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pic in 1926.
# Elana Wills

Elana Cunningham Wills (born c. 1962) is an Arkansas Supreme Court justice. Appointed in September 2008, she will serve on the Court until the end of December 2010. She was previously the state's Deputy Attorney General for Opinions.

## Early life

Wills was raised in Jonesboro, Arkansas.

## Education

Wills earned a bachelor's degree in business from Arkansas State University and a law degree from the University of Arkansas School of Law.

## Career

Wills has been in the Opinions Division of the Arkansas Attorney General's Office since 1988. Most recently, she had been the state's Deputy Attorney General for Opinions.
On September 2, 2008, she was appointed by Arkansas Governor Mike Beebe to fill a judgeship on the Arkansas Supreme Court following the retirement of Justice Tom Glaze. She was sworn into the office on October 1, 2008 and the term will expire on December 31, 2010. Among other cases she will address is what is probably the final proceeding in the Arkansas State Court system for the West Memphis Three.

## Personal life

Wills married Jay Wills, an attorney, in the early 1990s. They have one daughter, Grace.

## Awards

* Freedom of Information Award, Arkansas Press Association
# Guliso

Guliso is one of the towns in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is located in West Welega Zone. Guliso town is the administrative seat of Guliso district.

## Demographics

The 2007 national census reported a total population for this Aanaa of 69,856 in 13,738 households, of whom 34,795 were men and 35,061 women; 7,867 or 11.26% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants observed Protestantism, with 88.64% reporting that as their religion, while 6.83% observed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity and 3.69% were Muslim.
# Hells Bells (album)

Hells Bells is a studio album led by American pianist John Hicks recorded in 1975 but not released on the Strata-East label until 1980. It is one of two albums to be recorded during Hicks' debut studio session as leader, the other being Steadfast, ultimately released in 1991. Hells Bells was reissued on CD by Charly Records in 1998.

## Reception

Allmusic awarded the album 3 stars.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

All compositions by John Hicks except as indicated
* "Hell's Bells" (Cliff Barbaro) - 9:50
* "Avojca" - 8:17
* "Yemenja" - 10:53
* "Angie's Tune" - 9:50

## Personnel

* John Hicks - piano
* Clint Houston - bass
* Cliff Barbaro - drums
# Allt na Lairige Dam

Allt na Lairige Dam (Burn of the Pass), is a pre-stressed concrete dam in Argyll and Bute, Scotland at grid reference NN25251745. It creates an impounding reservoir which serves Allt na Lairige hydro-electric power station, which is part of the Shira Hydro-Electric Scheme, and is located on the River Fyne just before it discharges into Loch Fyne.
The dam was designed by William George Nicholson Geddes, as directed by James Arthur Banks of Babtie, Shaw and Morton of Glasgow. Construction was carried out by Marples Ridgway. It was completed in 1956 and has a height of 22 metres (72 ft). It is the only large pre-stressed concrete dam in Britain.
# American Osteopathic Board of Pediatrics

The American Osteopathic Board of Pediatrics (AOBP) is an organization that provides board certification to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of medical diseases in infants, children, and adolescents (pediatricians). The board is one 18 medical specialty certifying boards of the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), and was established in 1940. Certification in pediatrics has grown to over 1,000 diplomates over the last decade. It was reported in 2011, 477 osteopathic pediatricians held active certification with the AOBP. With single accreditation in place both osteopathic and allopathic residency training candidates are eligible to examine for certification with the American Osteopathic Board of Pediatrics.

## Board certification

Osteopathic and Allopathic trained residents are eligible for initial certification if they have successfully completed an ACGME approved residency in pediatrics. After graduation from residency must hold a medical license in the state in which their practice is located, and must complete the required AOBP examinations.
The American Osteopathic Board of Pediatrics requires osteopathic pediatricians to renew their certification annually through the Longitudinal Assessment Program to receive an annual reverification date for their certification. Prior to 1995, the American Osteopathic Board of Pediatrics offered lifetime certificates to members recognized as board certified where their educational requirements are increased to maintain certification.
Pediatricians may receive Sub-speciality Certification in the following areas:
* Neonatology
* Pediatric Allergy/Immunology
* Sports Medicine
* Addiction Medicine
For the first time ever, all AOA board certified physicians will have the opportunity to obtain the additional Designation of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) alongside their AOA Specialty Board Certification. AOA Board Certification’s multi-specialty Distinct Osteopathic Examination Committee developed an exam for all AOA Certifying Boards. There are two exam components: a written examination, consisting of 70 questions, and an in-person OMT
# Shower train

Shower trains or bathing trains were specialized trains or train cars used throughout Europe to provide bathing facilities to troops stationed along the battlefront during the First World War.

## Switzerland

Shower trains (known as Armeebadezug) were used in Switzerland. Each train consisted of old rolling stock from private railway companies: a locomotive, a tank car and converted passenger cars, each with a shower room and two cloakrooms. The water was taken from the tank car and heated by the locomotive.
This train served the thousands of Swiss militia protecting Switzerland's borders.

## Imperial Russia

Similar bathing trains were used in the Russian Empire in 1914.
# Driopea nigrofasciata

Driopea nigrofasciata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pic in 1926.
# Grmuša

Grmuša (Serbian Cyrillic: Грмуша) is a village in the municipality of Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was nil, down from 304 in 1991.
# Halistylus genecoani

Halistylus genecoani is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Baja California, Mexico.
# Mary Louisa

People with the name Mary Louisa include:
* Mary Louisa Armitt (1851–1911) British polymath
* Mary Louisa Bruce, Countess of Elgin (1819–1898)
* Mary Louisa Chitwood (1832–1855), American poet
* Mary Louisa Gordon (1861−1941) British prison inspector
* Mary Louisa Molesworth (1839–1921), English writer of children's stories
* Mary Louisa Page (1849–1921), American architect
* Mary Louisa Georgina Petrie (1861–1935), British author
* Mary Louisa Skinner (1876–1955), Australian Quaker, nurse, and writer, wrote a memoir of World War I experiences
* Mary Louisa Toynbee (born 1946), British journalist
* Mary Louisa Whately (1824–1889), English missionary in Egypt, known for building schools
* Mary Louisa White (1866–1935), British composer
* Mary Louisa Willard (1898–1993), forensic scientist