# Glycerol (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on glycerol.

## Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.

## Structure and properties

Structure and properties :
| Index of refraction, n$_D$ | 1.4729 at 20 °C |
| Abbe number | ? |
| Dielectric constant, ε$_r$ | 42.5 ε$_0$ at 25 °C |
| Bond strength | ? |
| Bond length | ? |
| Bond angle | ? |
| Magnetic susceptibility | ? |
| Surface tension | 63.4 mN/m at 20 °C 58.6 mN/m at 90 °C 51.9 mN/m at 150 °C |
| Viscosity | 1.412 Pa·s at 20 °C |

## Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior :
| Triple point | 291.8 K (18.7 °C), ~99500 Pa |
| Critical point | 850 K (577 °C), 7500 kPa |
| Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ$_{fus}$H$^o$ | 18.28 kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change of fusion, Δ$_{fus}$S$^o$ | 62.7 J/(mol·K) |
| Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ$_{vap}$H$^o$ | 91.7 kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ$_{vap}$S$^o$ | 201 J/(mol·K) |
| Solid properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{solid}$ | ? kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{solid}$ | 37.87 J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | 150. J/(mol K) 6 °C - 11 °C |
| Liquid properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{liquid}$ | –669.6 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{liquid}$ | 206.3 J/(mol K) |
| Enthalpy of combustion, Δ$_c$H$^o$ | –1654.3 kJ/mol |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | 221.9 J/(mol K) at 25 °C |
| Gas properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{gas}$ | –577.9 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{gas}$ | ? J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | ? J/(mol K) |

## Vapor pressure of liquid

| P in mm Hg | P in mm Hg | 1 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 400 | 760 |
| T in °C | T in °C | 125.5 | 167.2 | 198.0 | 220.1 | 263.0 | 290.0 |
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed.
log$_e$ of Glycerol vapor pressure. Uses formula: $\scriptstyle \log _{e}P_{kPa}=$$\scriptstyle A\times ln(T)+B/T+C+D\times T^{2}$ with coefficients A=-2.125867E+01, B=-1.672626E+04, C=1.655099E+02, and D=1.100480E-05 obtained from CHERIC

## Freezing point of aqueous solutions

| % glycerol by weight | % glycerol by weight | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
| Freezing point °C | Freezing point °C | –1.6 | –4.8 | –9.5 | –15.5 | –22.0 | –33.6 | –37.8 | –19.2 | –1.6 | 17.0 |
| Specific gravity d$^{15°}$ | Specific gravity d$^{15°}$ | 1.02415 | 1.04935 | 1.07560 | 1.10255 | 1.12985 | 1.15770 | 1.18540 | 1.21290 | 1.23950 | 1.26557 |
Table data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. Specific gravity is at 15 °C, referenced to water at 15 °C.
See details on: Freezing Points of Glycerine-Water Solutions Dow Chemical or Freezing Points of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions.

## Distillation data

Vapor-liquid Equilibrium of Glycerol/water P = 760 mmHg :
| BP Temp. °C | % by mole water | % by mole water |
| BP Temp. °C | liquid | vapor |
| 278.8 | 2.75 | 93.15 |
| 247.0 | 4.67 | 94.73 |
| 224.0 | 6.90 | 95.63 |
| 219.2 | 7.67 | 97.43 |
| 210.0 | 9.01 | 97.83 |
| 202.5 | 10.31 | 97.24 |
| 196.5 | 11.59 | 98.39 |
| 175.2 | 17.56 | 98.99 |
| 149.3 | 30.04 | 99.64 |
| 137.2 | 38.47 | 99.76 |
| 136.8 | 38.95 | 98.78 |
| 131.8 | 43.58 | 99.76 |
| 121.5 | 56.33 | 99.84 |
| 112.8 | 70.68 | 99.93 |
| 111.3 | 73.86 | 99.94 |
| 106.3 | 84.42 | 99.96 |

## Spectral data

UV-Vis :
| λ$_{max}$ | ? nm |
| Extinction coefficient, ε | ? |
| IR ||
| Major absorption bands | ? cm$^{−1}$ |
| NMR ||
| Proton NMR | |
| Carbon-13 NMR | |
| Other NMR data | |
| MS ||
| Masses of main fragments | |
* view
* Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure.
* Reliability of data general note.