OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Methyl lactate

Methyl lactate, also known as lactic acid methyl ester, is the organic compound with the formula CH$_3$CH(OH)CO$_2$CH$_3$. It is the methyl ester of lactic acid. A colorless liquid, it is the simplest chiral ester. Being naturally derived, it is readily available as a single enantiomer.

## Uses

It is a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetobutyrate and cellulose acetopropionate. It is used in the manufacture of lacquers and dopes where it contributes high tolerance for diluents, good flaw and blush resistance.
The synthesis of 1,2-propanediol from methyl lactate has been commercialized using a MACHO catalyst.
# Alexander J. Harper

Alexander James Harper was an American businessman and politician who served as President of the Common Council (City Council) of Philadelphia during the time of the United States Civil War.
Harper was born July 13, 1816, in Philadelphia, son of the brick manufacturer (and later US Congressman) James Harper and his wife Charlotte Alford Sloan Harper. In 1838, he married Caroline Emily Holmes, connecting his family by kinship to a set of New England political families that included the Adams family of Massachusetts. Caroline died shortly after the birth of their only child, who would grow up to be the businessman and inventor James Holmes Harper.
Alexander James Harper followed his father on a dual track of business and public service, and was elected to the Philadelphia Board of Guardians of the Poor in 1847. In 1854, he was elected to represent the Eleventh Ward on the Philadelphia Common Council, and in 1861 returned to the Council for eight more years, representing the Eighth Ward. He served a one-year term as President of the Council in 1864, at the height of the Civil War, and remained a member until 1869. At the time of his death later that year, he was President of the Nicholson Wood Paving Company and a Trustee of the Philadelphia Gas Works.
Contemporary reports characterize Harper as a “zealous Republican,” and an “ever active and vigilant” man who “intimately identified himself with all reform measures.” A member of the Union League and the National Union Club, he was dedicated to the cause of maintaining the union. In 1865, in the wake of Abraham Lincoln's assassination, Harper was appointed to the Committee of Arrangements, the group that handled the Philadelphia reception and lying-in-state of the president's body.
Harper was a well-loved and respected figure: as the Sunday Morning Times eulogized, “in his private relations he was courteous and agreeable, in his public, honest and clear-sighted; in all, a true and noble man.” He had the confidence of the opposition and a reputation for integrity. These qualities encouraged supporters to try to convince him to stand as the Republican candidate for mayor in the 1868 election. He declined, however, and the party ran General Hector Tyndale instead. Within a year, Harper died of an unexpected and sudden illness of the bowels, at the family house on Rittenhouse Square, in August 1869.
# Henry Eugene Abbey

Henry Eugene Abbey (June 27, 1846 – October 17, 1896) was an American theatre manager and producer.

## Early life

Henry E. Abbey was born in Akron, Ohio on June 27, 1846, to clockmaker Henry Stephen Abbey and Elizabeth Smith Abbey. He engaged in business with his father, a jeweller, until 1869, when he leased the Akron Opera House.

## Career

During the 1870s - 1890s, he managed such prominent Broadway theatres as Booth's, Wallack's, Abbey's Theatre and Abbey's Park Theatre promoting the talents of some of the foremost American actors of his day, as well as European stars. In 1882 with John B. Schoeffel and Maurice Grau he formed the theatrical management partnership of Abbey, Schoeffel and Grau.
Abbey was the first lessee and manager of the inaugural season in 1883 of the 'old' Metropolitan Opera House, with Grau's own Opera Company and stars. The season was a critical success but a financial flop. Abbey as manager was personally responsible for losses of $250,000. Christina Nilsson's and Marcella Sembrich's cachets, known to be high, explain 40% of this losses.
He managed the tours of Adelina Patti, Francesco Tamagno and the London Gaity in America, and he introduced Sarah Bernhardt to America. He opened Boston's Park Theatre in 1879. He also opened Abbey's Theatre in 1890, one of the first theatrical managers to present expensive shows outside of the major cities.
Abbey, Schoeffel and Grau returned to the 'Met' in 1891, and Abbey continued as manager there until his death. He died in New York City on October 17, 1896, at the age of 50.

## Legacy

One of his longest lasting legacies was his bringing a group of Spanish performers, known as the Spanish Students, to the United States. These performers inspired imitators and gave rise to the widespread playing of the mandolin in the United States, where it was previously unknown.

## Personal life

He married Kate Kingsley in 1876, and had two children with her. He married again in 1886, to the actress Florence Gerard. She appeared at the new Wallack's Theatre at 30th Street and Broadway while Abbey was manager there.
# Heteroponerinae

Heteroponerinae is a subfamily of ants in the poneromorph subfamilies group containing three genera in one tribe. The subfamily was created in 2003 when Barry Bolton divided the Ponerinae subfamily into six subfamilies.

## Genera

* Heteroponerinae Bolton, 2003
** Heteroponerini Bolton, 2003
*** Acanthoponera Mayr, 1862
*** Aulacopone Arnol'di, 1930
*** Heteroponera Mayr, 1887
# Annamalai Ramanathan

Annamalai Ramanathan (29 August 1946 – 12 March 1993) was an Indian mathematician in the field of algebraic geometry, who introduced the notion of Frobenius splitting of algebraic varieties jointly with Vikram Bhagvandas Mehta in (Mehta & Ramanathan 1985). The notion of Frobenius splitting led to the solution of many classical problems, in particular a proof of the Demazure character formula and results on the equations defining Schubert varieties in general flag manifolds.

## Research career

Ramanathan got his B.Sc in Mathematics at Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, and was recruited to attend TIFR, where he got his Ph.D. in Mathematics in 1976. His thesis on moduli for principal bundles was published in 1996 in two papers in Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. three years after his death.
Ramanathan, was a Professor of Mathematics at the TIFR in Bombay, India. He has also been employed at University of Bonn, Johns Hopkins University and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Ramanathan made significant contributions to many areas of mathematics, including moduli of vector bundles, Gauge theory, algebraic geometry in positive characteristic and representation theory.

## Awards

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded he and his collaborator Vikram Bhagvandas Mehta the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology (the Indian Presidential award for achievement in the mathematical sciences) in 1991 for his work in algebraic geometry.

## Personal life

During his tenure as a visiting professor at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Ramanathan died in Chicago, Friday, 12 March 1993, of complications following treatment for a heart attack. He is survived by his wife RM. Vasantha and three daughters Lakshmi Valli Priya.

## Sources

* Mehta, V. B.; Ramanathan, A. (1985), "Frobenius splitting and cohomology vanishing for Schubert varieties", Annals of Mathematics, Second Series, 122 (1): 27–40, doi:10.2307/1971368, ISSN 0003-486X, JSTOR 1971368, MR 0799251
* Ramanan, S.; Ramanathan, A. (1985), "Projective normality of flag varieties and Schubert varieties" (PDF), Inventiones Mathematicae, 79 (2): 217–224, Bibcode:1985InMat..79..217R, doi:10.1007/BF01388970, ISSN 0020-9910, MR 0778124, S2CID 123105737
# Auchmophanes

Auchmophanes is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was described by Turner in 1908. All three are known from the Australian state of Queensland.

## Species

* Auchmophanes megalosara (Turner, 1909)
* Auchmophanes ochrospila Turner, 1908
* Auchmophanes platysara (Turner, 1929)
# Methyl 2-fluoroacrylate

Methyl 2-fluoroacrylate (MFA) is a chemical compound classified as an acrylate ester. The molecular formula is C$_4$H$_5$FO$_2$ and the molecular weight is 104.08. The systematic name of this chemical is methyl 2-fluoroprop-2-enoate. It is used in industrial chemistry to produce acrylate polymers with mechanical and optical properties, and insect antifeedant 2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane.

## Hazards

MFA is highly flammable and can be harmful if inhaled, in contact with skin, or if swallowed. It is irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
# Lacy Crawford

Lacy Crawford (born 1975) is an American author, journalist, novelist, and memoirist. She has published a novel, Early Decision, and a memoir, Notes on a Silencing.

## Career

Crawford's career has included working as a rape crisis counselor, a high school teacher, a private admissions counselor, and an environmental campaigner. However, her long-held dream was to be a writer. Her first book, Early Decision, was published in 2013. It is a satirical novel about the college admissions process, based on her time working as a private admissions counselor. Her second book, Notes on a Silencing, was published in 2020 to critical acclaim.

## Notes on a Silencing

Crawford attended St. Paul's School where she was raped by two senior boys in 1990 at the age of 15. She reported the incident to the school and underwent a medical examination that revealed she had been infected with herpes, but the school covered it up. The story of her assault and the school's subsequent actions is the basis of her memoir Notes on a Silencing.
After graduating from St. Paul's in 1992, Crawford attended college at Princeton University. It was there, in 1994, that Crawford's seminar instructor Toni Morrison encouraged her to write the assault into a book. She declined that idea at the time, writing a master's thesis on the use of rape testimony in legal cases instead.
It wasn't until 2017, when Crawford participated in the New Hampshire state investigation into St. Paul's School, that she discovered the existence of documentary evidence of the school's cover up of her assault. She would later say that "I got lucky. Detectives happened across documents that were in my student file that really outlined how the school had planned to silence me." However, the documents were not included in the state's investigation into the school.
This discovery inspired Crawford to begin writing her memoir of the experience in 2017, concluding with a first draft by 2018. The entire writing process for the book took 14 weeks. Decades after her assault, Crawford published that memoir, titled Notes on a Silencing, in 2020.
A few weeks after its publication, St. Paul's issued a formal apology to Crawford. Crawford was impressed by the "thoughtful" apology, which she shared on her social media. She said, "There are a lot of institutions that can learn from this."
Crawford's memoir received critical acclaim. It was named a New York Times Editors’ Choice and Notable Book, as well as a Best Book of 2020 by Time, People, NPR, BookPage, Library Journal, and LitHub.

## Personal life

Crawford was raised in Lake Forest, Illinois by her mother, an Episcopal priest, and her father, an executive. Her mother, Reverend Alicia Crawford, became one of the first women to be ordained a priest in the Episcopal diocese of Chicago in 1987.
Crawford lives in Rancho Santa Fe, California with her husband and 3 children.

## Published works

* (2013) Early Decision: Based on a True Frenzy. William Morrow. ISBN 9780062240613
* (2020) Notes on a Silencing. New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 780316491556
# Detroit Diesel (band)

Detroit Diesel is a French Canadian harsh EBM duo, founded in 2006, signed on Deathwatch Asia and Infacted-Recordings.

## History

Detroit Diesel released their first demo, Dancing with Terror, in 2008, with the song "When Darkness Falls" appearing on the Endzeit Bunkertracks IV compilation. Shortly after, Detroit Diesel underwent an internal restructuring.
In 2009, Detroit Diesel recorded the Terre Humaine demo, featuring ten songs, including the self-titled song "Terre Humaine" that would later appear on the 2010 Kinetik Festival compilation.
Detroit Diesel signed to Deathwatch Asia who decided to release the album Terre Humaine, consolidated from the previous demo, in 2010. The Lost Signals EP was released by Deathwatch Asia and Infacted Recordings in digital format.
The full-length debut album Terre Humaine was released on November 12, 2010, and was manufactured by Infacted Recordings for the European market, with Deathwatch Asia serving the rest of the world. Terre Humaine was reviewed favourably by the Side-Line webzine as "dark electro style" with "technoid tunes". The German Sonic Seducer review was also favourable, calling it a "notable debut". A staff reviewer of SputnikMusic also gave a positive review of the album.
A second full-length album Coup d'Etat was published on May 29, 2012. Manufactured by Infacted Recordings (EU), Vendetta Music (US) and with Deathwatch Asia serving the rest of the world. This was followed by their first European tour.

## Discography
### Demo

* Dancing With Terror (CDr, EP) Not On Label 2008

## Compilations

"Let It Be My End" Direct World Action For Japan 2011 "Normandy (D-Day Mix)" World Wide Electronics Volume One 2011 "The Game" Zillo CD 04/2011 2011 "Serenade" Gothic Compilation Part L 2011 "Lost Signal (Freakangel Remix)" Advanced Electronics Vol. 8 2010 "Normandy (D-Day Mix)" Bleed by Example 2010,/br> "Lost Signal (Freakangel Remix)" Infacted Vol. 5 2010 "All Lost Before Dawn" Mecha[nized] 2010 "Terre Humaine " Kinetik Festival Vol. 3 2010 "When Darkness Falls " Endzeit Bunkertracks [Act - IV] 2009

### Compilations Appearances

* Infactious Vol Four 2014
* DWA XxX (100 Remixes) 2013
* Schwarze Nacht Tanz 6 2012
* Aderlass Vol. 8 2012
* Nachtaktiv Magazin-CD 1 // 08 - 2012
* Zillo CD-04/2012
* Gothic Spirits (EBM Edition 4) 2012
* Electronic Saviors Volume 2: Recurrence - Metropolis Records 2012
* Schwarze Nacht Tanz 6 2012
* Deathwatch Asia - 2012 Festival Tour Europe 2012
* World Wide Electronics Vol. 1 - Out Of line 2011
* Direct World Action For Japan - Deathwatch Asia 2011
* Zillo CD 04/2011 (CD, Comp) Zillo 2011
* Gothic Compilation Part L - Batbeliever Releases 2011
* Advanced Electronics Vol. 8 - SPV GmbH 2010
* Rock Oracle Compilation #5- Rock Oracle Magazine 2010
* Gothic Compilation Part XLIX - Batbeliever Releases 2010
* Infacted Vol. 5 - Infacted Recordings 2010
* Kinetik Festival Vol. 3 - Artoffact 2010
* Endzeit Bunkertracks [Act - IV] - Alfa-Matrix 2009
# Hanuman Stuti

Hanuman Stuti is a 17th-century shorter version of praise to the Hindu god Hanuman.
It was constructed by Samarth Ramdas in the original Marathi language. It generally follows the Maruti Stotra sung by pious Marathi people every day.
* This Hinduism-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Drop Stop

Drop Stop is a patented device designed to prevent items from falling between a car's front seats and center console. It was invented by Marc Newburger and Jeffrey Simon of Los Angeles.
Drop Stop is constructed out of black Neoprene filled with polyester fiberfill and is about 17 inches long. It has a slot sewn into it where the seat belt latch can fit through. This anchors the device, allowing the car seat to slide back-and-forth freely. According to Newburger and Simon, the space between the center console and the front seats is always in dark shadow and thus the black color of Drop Stop matches any car's interior. Provided the gap between a car's center console and seat is no less than 3.5 inches, Drop Stop should fit. However, some cars, for example the BMW M3 and Volkswagen Jetta, do not have enough space in the gap to fit the Drop Stop in place.

## History

The idea was born after Newburger dropped a mobile phone down the gap while driving and almost caused a serious accident trying to retrieve it. As of December 2017, 2.4 million Drop Stops have been sold with revenues totaling $24 million.

## Media exposure

Drop Stop was featured on a segment of The Marilyn Denis Show entitled "The Best As Seen on TV Products", ABC's The View, and Shark Tank. On a special Shark Tank episode, which aired March 29, 2013, Lori Greiner introduced the product alongside the inventors, Newburger and Simon, who made a deal with Greiner for 20% equity in Drop Stop for $300,000. On a follow-up episode of Shark Tank, which aired on November 22, 2013, Drop Stop announced a $2,000,000 purchase order with Walmart. On March 19, 2014, Newburger and Simon were featured with their invention on The Queen Latifah Show wherein they were referred to as "some of Lori’s most successful inventors." On a second follow-up episode of Shark Tank, which aired on December 5, 2014, it was announced that Drop Stop was now available for sale in Bed Bath & Beyond, in a "Lori Greiner Shark Tank" branded display. In February 2015, Drop Stop was named one of the nine most successful Shark Tank businesses. On a follow-up episode of Shark Tank, which aired on January 21, 2018, it was revealed that the Los Angeles Police Department had performed a three-month long test during which time zero traffic-related accidents had occurred in police vehicles equipped with Drop Stop. As a result, the police department announced they would be outfitting 3,000 police vehicles with Drop Stops.
# Hilarographa swederiana

Hilarographa swederiana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Suriname and Brazil.
# Annam tube-nosed bat

The Annam tube-nosed bat (Murina annamitica) is a species of bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found in Laos, Thailand and Vietnam.
# Hypsantyx

Hypsantyx is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe.
Species:
# So Fine (Electric Light Orchestra song)

"So Fine" is the title of the fifth track from A New World Record by Electric Light Orchestra.
Recorded in 1976 at Musicland Studios in Munich, Germany, this track is peppy and upbeat, contrasting with "Mission (A World Record)", the previous track. It is a typical example of ELO's (at the time) cutting-edge use of technology and recording techniques, which would become the conventional sound of pop music within 10 years.
The middle section contains drums and electronic percussion created by a then state of the art Moog processor, and continues with rising intensity. More and more instruments join in, until the vocal again takes over. As the song fades out, it segues into the violin of "Livin' Thing".

## Production and composition

According to ELO drummer Bev Bevan (regarding the Moog processor):
   Uh, yeah, I used it on one track on the album, So Fine. It really - It's quite a new item, really. It's made by the Moog people. It's an electronic - It's a drum itself and it's electronic. You plug it through the keyboard setup into the Moog itself. And according to what setting you put on the Moog, you can get a sound accordingly on the drum. And, uh, it's very new. Very innovative." Bev Bevan (1976 - Rock Around The World radio show interview)
Composer Jeff Lynne described writing the song in a 1990 radio interview with Roger Scott:
   "So Fine's a bouncy little (number). I really don't know much about it. It's just that I wrote it and sang the thing. And um- I suppose it was along the lines of a - like an American, trying to sound like an American style. Maybe like The Doobie Brothers or something, y'know, trying to sound a bit like an American group with harmonies. I wasn't trying to copy 'em, but it was... it was sort of bouncy American style with a wobbly bit on the top." Jeff Lynne (August 21, 1990 - Classic Albums radio interview by Roger Scott)
Regarding the dropping end of So Fine to segue into the next song on the LP, Livin' Thing:
   "(It) was getting the two track and - and just basically switching it off, y'know, the motors off. So that it went '(SQUEAL)' and when it got to the - to the key that, uh, Livin' Thing was in, we cut it there and just but it straight on. So as it reached C, what Livin' Thing was in. So it went down from like - maybe F sharp all the way down to C, y'know, the tape went. Somewhere like that. I can't remember the exact keys. I know it was quite a long drop." Jeff Lynne (August 21, 1990 - Classic Albums radio interview by Roger Scott)
In the book about ELO, Unexpected Messages, the authors expounded:
   "The end of the song So Fine fades into Livin' Thing. This was created by unplugging the tape machine and when it got to the key 'A' (which starts off Livin' Thing) Jeff cut it."
   Patrik Guttenbacher, Marc Haines, & Alexander von Petersdorff (1996 Unexpected Messages)
# American Legion (disambiguation)

American Legion may refer to:

## Military

* American Legion, a U.S. war veterans' organization
* American Legion (Great Britain), a British provincial regiment that served in the American Revolutionary War under the command of Benedict Arnold
* American Legion (CEF), the name given to units composed of Americans who served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) during World War I
** 97th Battalion (American Legion), CEF
** 212th Battalion (American Legion), CEF
** 237th Battalion (American Legion), CEF

## Other uses

* SS American Legion (1919), a passenger ship
* American Legion Memorial Bridge (Michigan) in Traverse City, Michigan, United States
* American Legion Memorial Bridge (Potomac River), linking the western half of the Capital Beltway (I-495) between Maryland and Virginia, United States
# Holme railway station

Holme railway station may refer to:
* Holme railway station (Cambridgeshire)
* Holme railway station (Lancashire)
* Holme railway station (Norfolk)
# Guerdjoum

Guerdjoum is a town and commune in Mascara Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 2,341.
# Andrés Pérez (bishop)

Andrés Pérez (died 1583) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo (1568–1583).

## Biography

On 10 Dec 1568, Andrés Pérez was appointed during the papacy of Pope Pius V as Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo. In 1569, he was consecrated bishop. He served as Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo until his death in 1583.