OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Goldesburg

John Goldesburg or Goldesborough or Gouldsborough (1568–1618), legal reporter, descended from a family living at Goldsborough, West Riding of Yorkshire, was born on 18 October 1568. He studied at Oxford in 1584, entered the Middle Temple, and was called to the bar by that society. He enjoyed a good reputation as a lawyer, and was made one of the prothonotaries of the common pleas. He died 9 October 1618, and was buried near the high altar in the Temple Church.
After his death there were published:
* Reports of Divers Choice Cases in Law taken by those late and most Judicious Prothonotaries of the Common Pleas, Richard Brownlow and John Goldesborough, Esquires, with directions how to proceed in many intricate actions, &c., 1651; 3rd edition, 2 parts, 1675.
* Reports of that Learned and Judicious Clerk, J. Gouldsborough, Esq., sometimes one of the Protonotaries of the Court of Common Pleas, or his collection of choice cases and matters agitated in all the Courts at Westminster in the latter yeares of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, with learned arguments at the Bar and on the Bench, and the grave Resolutions and Judgments thereupon of the Chief Justices, Anderson and Popham, and the rest of the Judges of those times. Never before published, and now printed by his original copy … by M. S. (M. A. Shepperd) of the Inner Temple, Esq., 1653 (a copy in the British Museum has manuscript notes by Francis Hargrave).
The prefaces to these works describe the attainments of Goldesburg in high terms; on the other hand, North says (Discourse on the Study of the Laws): "Godbolt, Gouldsborough, and March, mean reporters, but not to be neglected".
# John Lewin (disambiguation)

John Lewin (1770–1819) was an English-born artist active in Australia.
John Lewin may also refer to:
* John Lewin (Manx author), 19th-century author
* Jack Lewin (John Philip Lewin, 1915–1990), New Zealand public servant, unionist and lawyer
# Churn Creek

Churn Creek is a tributary of the Fraser River in the Canadian province of British Columbia.

## Course

Churn Creek flows generally north before turning northeast on its final leg through grasslands, joining the Fraser River just south of the headquarters of the Gang Ranch and opposite the community of Dog Creek and associated creek. Most of its lower course is a heavily-eroded canyon lined by benchlands, and is protected in Churn Creek Protected Area, which also includes the ecological preserve of the Empire Valley Ranch.
Its source at approximately 51°05.7′N 122°36.3′W﻿ / ﻿51.0950°N 122.6050°W﻿ / 51.0950; -122.6050 is at two subalpine lakes (one of which is called Horse Lake) on the northeastern shoulder of Big Dog Mountain, the northernmost major summit of the Shulaps Range, and flowing north and northwesterly until reaching the southern skirt of Poison Mountain, a northeastern outpost of the Camelsfoot Range, where it continues northwesterly, forming a divide with a small upper tributary of the Yalakom River, the main north fork of the Bridge River which divides those two ranges. From there it proceeds northwest, falling steeply from the high plateau between those two ranges, joining at the bottom of that grade with an unnamed creek from Swartz (Fish) Lake, one a chain of lakes in the area of the Mud Lakes Pass, at the divide with the basin of Tyaughton Creek, also a tributary of the Bridge River. From there it turns north in its main trajectory, forming the northwestern flank of the northern Camelsfoot Range. It is joined in its upper reaches by its two main left tributaries, Lone Valley Creek and Dash Creek, which drain the southernmost Chilcotin Plateau just north of the edge of the Chilcotin Ranges and the Spruce Lake Protected Area (now known as the South Chilcotin Mountain Park, created in 2010, which consists of a smaller area than the original Protected Area).
# Adenium

Adenium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1819. It is native to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

## Cultivation and uses

Adenium obesum is grown as a houseplant in temperate and tropical regions. Numerous hybrids have been developed. Adeniums are appreciated for their colorful flowers and unusual thick caudices. They can be grown for many years in a pot and are commonly used for bonsai.
Because seed-grown plants are not genetically identical to the mother plant, desirable varieties are commonly propagated by grafting. Genetically identical plants can also be propagated by cutting. Cutting-grown plants do not tend to develop a desirable thick caudex as quickly as seed-grown plants.
The sap of Adenium boehmianum, A. multiflorum, and A. obesum contains toxic cardiac glycosides and is used as arrow poison throughout Africa for hunting large game.

## Classification

The genus Adenium has been held to contain as many as twelve species. These are considered by other authors to be subspecies or varieties. A late-20th-century classification by Plazier recognizes five species.

### Species

* Adenium arabicum Balf.f. = Adenium obesum
* Adenium boehmianum Schinz - (Namibia, Angola)
* Adenium multiflorum Klotzsch. (Southern Africa, from Zambia south)
* Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. - widespread from Senegal to Somalia, and also Arabian Peninsula
* Adenium oleifolium Stapf - South Africa, Botswana, Namibia
* Adenium swazicum Stapf (Eastern South Africa)

### Formerly placed here

* Pachypodium namaquanum (Wyley ex Harv.) Welw. (as A. namaquanum Wyley ex Harv.)

## Common names

Adenium obesum is also known as the desert rose. In the Philippines, due to its resemblance to the related genus Plumeria, and the fact that it was introduced to the Philippines from Bangkok, Thailand, the plant is also called as Bangkok kalachuchi.
Due to its resemblance to a miniature frangipani tree and its popularity in bonsai, it is also sometimes known as Japanese frangipani.
# List of storms named Therese

The name Therese was used for four tropical cyclones in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean:
* Tropical Storm Therese (1967) (T6702, 3W) – a strong severe tropical storm that never impacted land.
* Tropical Storm Therese (1970) (T7007, 8W) – a weak tropical storm that stayed out at open sea.
* Typhoon Therese (1972) (T7229, 36W, Undang) – a Category 3-equivalent typhoon, killed 90 people in the Philippines and Vietnam.
* Typhoon Therese (1976) (T7609, 9W) – a Category 4 typhoon that affected South Japan.
# John Kapele

John Kapele (October 19, 1937 – June 28, 2017) was an American football defensive end and defensive tackle. He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1960 to 1962 and for the Philadelphia Eagles in 1962.
He died on June 28, 2017, in Kaneohe, Hawaii at age 79.
# John Morphew

John Morphew (died 1720) was an English publisher. He was associated with significant literary and political publications of the early 18th century. At one point publishing for both Whig and Tory factions, he later became identified with the Tories.

## Life

Morphew as trade publisher (distributor) and John Nutt (printer) took over the business of Edward Jones when he died; this was in 1706. Previously Morphew had been a journeyman for Jones. At this period (i.e. from 1706) Morphew's name had replaced that of Nutt as imprint in most of Jonathan Swift's works. In 1707 he began to publish periodicals. He also had a long working relationship with Delarivier Manley.
In 1709 Morphew was arrested by the government, with John Barber, and the publisher John Woodward; the charge arose from the publication of the second volume of Manley's New Atalantis. In 1710 he began publishing The Examiner for Swift. From 1710 also, Morphew, who was connected to the Tory administration, began working with Edmund Curll and producing political pamphlets. George Sewell, who had worked for Morphew as a hack writer, left to work for Curll. He was also publisher of The Tatler, the real person mentioned alongside the fictitious Isaac Bickerstaff.
Morphew associated with the Scriblerus Club, and had some status as printer to the Tory ministry of the last years of Queen Anne. He took on, at some point, the publication of Abel Roper's Tory paper the Post Boy (1714). Shortly after the Hanoverian Succession in 1714 it gave offence to the government. At this juncture Roper denied active involvement; and Morphew backed him up by stating that for while he had not accounted for the Post Boy's profits to Roper. Subsequently Morphew lost some of his predominance as trade publisher to James Roberts, who identified more with the Whig cause. Material published in the Post Boy in the sensitive area of Anglo-Swedish relations, after the 1716 Jacobite plotting, caused Morphew to be arrested again in February 1717.
# List of storms named Joy

The name Joy, has been used for three tropical cyclones worldwide: one in the Western Pacific Ocean, one in the Australian Region and one in the South Pacific Ocean.
In the Western Pacific Ocean:
In the Australian Region:
In the South Pacific Ocean:
# List of storms named Juaning

The name Juaning was used for three tropical cyclones in the Philippine Area of Responsibility in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.
* Tropical Storm Morakot (2003) (T0309, 10W, Juaning) – a tropical storm which was recognized as a Category 1-equivalent typhoon by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).
* Severe Tropical Storm Faxai (2007) (T0720, 20W, Juaning) – a short-lived tropical storm that paralleled the Japanese coast.
* Severe Tropical Storm Nock-ten (2011) (T1108, 10W, Juaning) – another tropical storm which was considered by JTWC as a Category 1-equivalent typhoon; devastated the Bicol Region killing 128 people, and eventually affected northern Luzon, Hainan and northern Vietnam,.
The name Juaning was retired from use in the Philippine Area of Responsibility following the 2011 season, and was replaced by Jenny beginning in 2015.
# John Perry (Irish politician)

John Perry (born 15 August 1956) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as a Minister of State from 2011 to 2014. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1997 to 2016.
Perry was born in Ballymote, County Sligo. He was educated at Ballymote National School and Corran College, Ballymote. Perry was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1997 general election for the constituency and retained his seat until his defeat in 2016. In 1997, he became Fine Gael Spokesperson on Science, Technology, Small Business and Enterprise, and the Border Counties. He was a member of Sligo County Council from 1999 to 2003, representing the Sligo–Strandhill electoral area. In June 2000, he was appointed assistant director of Organisation and Deputy Spokesperson with special responsibility for Border Issues. He held this post until February 2001.
Between September 2002 and October 2004, he was vice-chairman of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Communications and Natural Resources. He has also served as Chairman of the Dáil Public Accounts Committee. In October 2004, he was appointed to the position as party spokesperson for the Marine, in Enda Kenny's Front Bench. He was demoted from the Front Bench after a reshuffle following the 2007 general election. In July 2010, he was appointed as Spokesman on Small Business.
On 10 March 2011, he was appointed by the Fine Gael–Labour government as Minister of State at the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation with special responsibility for Small Business.
In July 2012, he was the subject of some controversy over his claims for mileage expenses for official duties including a claim for 4,417 km of mileage in a month during which he only had two official appointments and another monthly mileage claim which averaged 344 km per day for every day he was in Ireland. In that latter month he was abroad for 9 days.
On 22 July 2013, Perry and his wife consented to a judgment of €2.47m against them at the Commercial Court over unpaid loans to Danske Bank. In September 2013, Perry confirmed that he had reached an agreement with Danske Bank, in relation to his outstanding loans. In March 2013, it was reported that Perry hired his wife, Marie, as a parliamentary assistant, contrary to government statements on appointments.
He was dropped as a Minister of State in a reshuffle in July 2014. He was reappointed to the Public Accounts Committee in December 2014.
In October 2015, Perry was not selected as Fine Gael candidate for the Sligo–Leitrim constituency at the 2016 general election. In December 2015, he took a High Court action against Fine Gael challenging the results of the selection convention. On 22 December, the Fine Gael National Executive announced it was adding Perry to the Sligo–Leitrim election ticket.
He lost his seat at the 2016 general election. He ran as an independent candidate for Sligo–Leitrim at the 2020 general election. He was eliminated on the seventh count.
# John Perry (1849–1935)

John Perry (1849 – 2 January 1935) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Branxton. He became a goldminer at Gulgong. He married Selina Richardson in 1873; they had two sons. In 1883 he began farming near Walhallow. In 1886, he married his second wife, Mary Harrigan; they had four children. A founding member of the Farmers' and Settlers' Association of New South Wales, he was also closely involved in the Australian Shearers' Union. An early member of the Labor Party, he ran for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the endorsed Labor candidate for Quirindi in 1895 and 1898, but by his successful election in 1904 as the member for Liverpool Plains he was describing himself as an Independent Liberal. Defeated as an endorsed Liberal in 1907, he was returned to the parliament in sensational circumstances in August 1911, when he won the by-election for his old seat caused by the resignation of his successor, Henry Horne, over land policy. His four-vote victory was overturned on appeal and he lost the subsequent by-election in October. Perry was later appointed to the Legislative Council in 1920, serving until 1922. He died in Maitland in 1935, aged 85–86.
# Admiral Hogg

Admiral Hogg may refer to:
* Ian Hogg (Royal Navy officer) (1911–2003), British Royal Navy vice admiral
* James R. Hogg (born 1934), U.S. Navy admiral
* Robin Trower Hogg (born 1932), British Royal Navy rear admiral
# Abell 2152

Abell 2152 is a bimodal galaxy cluster and one of three clusters comprising the Hercules Supercluster. It contains 3 BCGs; the S0 lenticular UGC 10204, the pair UGC 10187, and the SA0 unbarred lenticular CGCG 108-083. In total there are 41 galaxies which are confirmed to be members of the cluster. The cluster is classified as a Bautz-Morgan type III and Rood-Sastry class F cluster, indicating morphological irregularity and perhaps dynamical youth. It is receding from the Milky Way galaxy with a velocity of 12385 km/s.
Abell 2152 is the nearest cluster in which significant gravitational lensing of a background source has been observed. The arc-like background galaxy, known as J160529.52+162633.9, lies at a redshift z=0.1423 and has been magnified by a factor ~1.9 due to the lensing effect.
# Jordi Trilla Clanchet

Jordi Trilla Clanchet (born 21 December 2004) is an Andorran tennis player.
Trilla Clanchet debuted for the Andorra Davis Cup team as a 16-year old in 2021. One of the youngest ever Andorran Davis Cup players, he was brought into the team as part of the local federation's new focus of giving experience to youth players. He featured in the doubles rubbers of back to back ties against North Macedonia and Kosovo, winning the latter (partnering Èric Cervós Noguer).
# Gmina Lubochnia

Gmina Lubochnia is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Lubochnia, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 45 km (28 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
The gmina covers an area of 131.55 square kilometres (50.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,600.
The gmina contains part of the protected area called Spała Landscape Park.

## Villages

Gmina Lubochnia contains the villages and settlements of Albertów, Brenica, Chrzemce, Cygan, Czółna, Dąbrowa, Dębniak, Emilianów, Glinnik, Henryków, Jasień, Kierz, Kochanów, Kruszewiec, Lubochenek, Lubochnia, Lubochnia Dworska, Lubochnia-Górki, Luboszewy, Małecz, Marianka, Nowy Glinnik, Nowy Jasień, Nowy Olszowiec, Olszowiec, Osiedle Nowy Glinnik, Rzekietka and Tarnowska Wola.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Lubochnia is bordered by the town of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and by the gminas of Budziszewice, Czerniewice, Inowłódz, Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Ujazd and Żelechlinek.
# Greco-Islamic tradition

Greco-Islamic tradition (similarly, Greco-Islamic legacy, Greco-Islamic science, Greco-Islamic philosophy, and Greco-Islamic medicine) may refer to:
* Scholarship from the Islamic Golden Age, emphasising its roots in Greek philosophy and mathematics:
** Islamic science
** Islamic medicine
** Islamic mathematics
** Early Islamic philosophy
* The Islamic role in the transmission of Greek philosophical ideas in the Middle Ages
# Juan Zubeldía

Juan Manuel Zubeldía (born 19 August 1979) is an Argentine football manager and former player who played as a midfielder.

## Playing career

Zubeldía was born in Santa Rosa, La Pampa, and made his senior debut with Racing Club on 16 June 1999, scoring in a match against Newell's Old Boys. After featuring rarely, he moved to Huracán de Tres Arroyos in 2001.
Zubeldía subsequently joined Villa Mitre in 2002, but played sparingly. In 2004, after rejecting offers from Italian clubs, he signed for Candelaria, but suffered an injury and the club terminated his contract.
Zubeldía also played for Ferro Carril Oeste between 2006 and 2010, retiring with the club at the age of 31.

## Managerial career

After retiring, Medina joined Gabriel Schürrer's staff at Lanús, as his assistant. He continued to work with Schürrer in the following years, at Argentinos Juniors, Crucero del Norte and Gimnasia y Esgrima de Jujuy.
In December 2015, Zubeldía was named manager of General Belgrano de Santa Rosa, but resigned the following 27 September. He then rejoined Schürrer's staff at Deportivo Cuenca, later working with the manager at Independiente del Valle, Aucas, Blooming, Mitre (SdE) and back at Cuenca.
On 12 December 2022, Zubeldía was named manager of Cuenca for the 2023 season, with compatriot Gabriel del Valle who was also an assistant of Schürrer. The duo left Cuenca on a mutual agreement on 3 May 2023.
# American Motor Car Company

The American Motor Car Company was a short-lived company in the automotive industry founded in 1906, lasting until 1913. It was based in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The American Motor Car Company pioneered the "underslung" design.

## History

Harry C. Stutz, who later formed a company bearing his name, designed the first car for the new enterprise. However, Stutz quickly left and Fred L. Tone took over as chief engineer in 1906. Tone re-designed the chassis (frame) below the axles and the semi-elliptic leaf spring suspension system mounted above.
This upside-down or reverse arrangement became known as the underslung design. It gave the vehicles a lower stance and was an industry first. Because of the lower chassis position, 40 in (1,000 mm) wheels gave the vehicle space between the frame and the ground. The company claimed that the vehicles were safe from rollovers and could be tilted up to 55 degrees.
It was powered by a 6.4 L (390.6 cu in) engine rated at 40 horsepower (by the measurements at that time), but the car was underpowered. By 1908, the engine was enlarged to 7.8 L (476.0 cu in) producing 50 bhp (37 kW). The company entered a large engined roadster in the Savannah Challenge Cup Race held in Savannah, Georgia, but it finished last.
Facing financial problems during 1911, the name was changed to American Motor Company.
In 1912 all of its models featured the distinctive underslung chassis and the cars were officially named American Underslung. However, the new company was still over-extended and inefficient. The relatively small production of its numerous models was divided among three factories.
The company went into bankruptcy in November 1913.
Over an eight-year period, the American Motor Company had produced over 45,000 vehicles.
Like many other automakers during this era, ineffective assembly processes, questionable management practices, as well as a focus on high quality plagued it and expensive models when the market was moving to lower priced utilitarian cars.
# Majdan (mountain in Kosovo)

Majdan is a mountain peak forming part of the Kopaonik mountain range in Kosovo. Majdan reaches a top height of 1,246m and is located a few kilometres north-east of the city of Mitrovica. The Ibar River flows on the western side of the mountain. Beowulf Mining drills the peak.
# Crouzeix's conjecture

Crouzeix's conjecture is an unsolved problem in matrix analysis. It was proposed by Michel Crouzeix in 2004, and it can be stated as follows:
    $\|f(A)\|\leq 2\sup _{z\in W(A)}|f(z)|,$
where the set $W(A)$ is the field of values of a n×n (i.e. square) complex matrix $A$ and $f$ is a complex function that is analytic in the interior of $W(A)$ and continuous up to the boundary of $W(A)$. Slightly reformulated, the conjecture can also be stated as follows: for all square complex matrices $A$ and all complex polynomials $p$:
    $\|p(A)\|\leq 2\sup _{z\in W(A)}|p(z)|$
holds, where the norm on the left-hand side is the spectral operator 2-norm.

## History

Crouzeix's theorem, proved in 2007, states that:
    $\|f(A)\|\leq 11.08\sup _{z\in W(A)}|f(z)|$
(the constant $11.08$ is independent of the matrix dimension, thus transferable to infinite-dimensional settings).
Michel Crouzeix and Cesar Palencia proved in 2017 that the result holds for $1+{\sqrt {2}}$, improving the original constant of $11.08$. The not yet proved conjecture states that the constant can be refined to $2$.

## Special cases

While the general case is unknown, it is known that the conjecture holds for some special cases. For instance, it holds for all normal matrices, for tridiagonal 3×3 matrices with elliptic field of values centered at an eigenvalue and for general n×n matrices that are nearly Jordan blocks. Furthermore, Anne Greenbaum and Michael L. Overton provided numerical support for Crouzeix's conjecture.
# Macropholidus ataktolepis

Macropholidus ataktolepis is a species of lizard in the family Gymnophthalmidae. It is endemic to Peru.
# Cuanza

Cuanza may refer to
* Cuanza, Angola, commune in Bie province, Angola
* Cuanza River, a river in Angola
* Cuanza Norte Province, Angola
* Cuanza Sul Province, Angola
# Cross Creek Township

Cross Creek Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
* Cross Creek Township, Ohio
* Cross Creek Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania
# Amiranashvili

Amiranashvili (Georgian: ამირანაშვილი) is a Georgian language surname. According to forebears.io, most bearers of this name live in the nation of Georgia, which is thought to have 1,157 bearers in total.
Notable people with this surname include:
* Medea Amiranashvili (1930–2023), Georgian opera singer and teacher
* Shalva Amiranashvili (1899–1975), Georgian art historian