OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emidio Taliani

Emidio Taliani (19 April 1838 – 24 August 1907) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Nuncio to Austria from 1896 to 1903, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1903.

## Biography

Emidio Taliani was born in Montegallo, and studied at the University of Rome, from where he obtained his doctorates in theology and in canon and civil law. He was ordained to the priesthood on 20 October 1861, and later served as secretary to Cardinal Carlo Sacconi.
After being raised to the rank of Privy Chamberlain supernumerary, Taliani became auditor (16 May 1869) and chargé d'affaires (1870) of the nunciature to Germany. He was made a Domestic Prelate of His Holiness in 1871, and was sent to the nunciature to France, where he served as auditor from 1875 to 1879. Taliani then entered the service of the Roman Curia upon being named a referendary prelate of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature on 17 March 1880. In 1885, he was made protonotary apostolic participant (16 March) and auditor of the Roman Rota (18 May). He later became vicar of the Archpriest of the Lateran Basilica, Cardinal Francesco Satolli, in 1889.
On 22 June 1896, Taliani was appointed Titular Archbishop of Sebastea by Pope Leo XIII, receiving his episcopal consecration on the following 29 June from Cardinal Lucido Parocchi. He was named Nuncio to Austria on 24 July of the same year. As Nuncio, he served as both the Pope's representative or ambassador to that country. Taliani was made a
* Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary (1903)
* Commander 2nd Class of the Order of Albert (Saxony, 1870)
* Commander of the Royal Order of Francis I (Naples)
* Commander of the Order of Charles III (Spain)
* Légion d'honneur (France)
Pope Leo XIII created him a cardinal in the consistory of 22 June 1903, whereupon he ceased to serve as Nuncio. Later that year, Taliani participated in the papal conclave which selected Leo's successor, Pope Pius X. The latter created Taliani as Cardinal-Priest of San Bernardo alle Terme (the pope's former title) since Leo XIII was unable to confer the title before his death.
Cardinal Taliani died in his native Montegallo, at the age of 69. After lying in state in the Cathedral of Ascoli, his body was buried in his family's tomb at the cemetery of Ascoli.
# Lamentation over the Dead Christ (Perugino)

The Lamentation over the Dead Christ is a painting of the common subject of the Lamentation of Christ by the Italian Renaissance painter Pietro Perugino, executed in 1495 and now in the Galleria Palatina of Palazzo Pitti, Florence, Italy.

## History

The painting was commissioned by the Poor Clares of the convent of Santa Chiara in Florence. Highly admired by its contemporaries, the work inspired other paintings such as Fra Bartolomeo's Pietà and Andrea del Sarto's Luco Pietà, both in the same collection.
During the Napoleonic invasion of Italy, it was transferred to Paris (1799), where it remained until 1814. Initially housed at the Gallerie dell'Accademia, it was moved to Palazzo Pitti in 1834.

## Description

The work is emblematic of Perugino's style, due to the presence of numerous figures and attitudes, creating a calm scene of contemplation, in order to ease a religious contemplation without renouncing to a sense of harmony and beauty.
Over a hilly background with a lake and a fortified city, is the scene of the Lamentation, which occupies the foreground of lower half of the painting. The body of Jesus is at the center, lying over a white shroud and held by one of the Pious Women, by Nicodemus and by Joseph of Arimathea. The latter dons a richly decorated hat with flowers.
The Virgin is holding one of Jesus's arms, looking at him pathetically. In the middle is Mary Magdalene, with brilliant red clothes, forming one of the three vertexes of an ideal triangle, the others being Joseph and Nicodemus. At the sides are two groups of figures: on the left, John the Apostle and a Pious Woman, on the right three men who are discussing amongst them.
# Argyrocheila bitje

Argyrocheila bitje is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Cameroon and Zambia. Its habitat consists of primary forests.
# Henry Somer

Henry Somer (c.1370 – 23 March 1450) was a mediaeval English courtier and Member of Parliament who was Chancellor of the Exchequer. Somer's tenure as Chancellor occurred during the Great Bullion Famine and the beginning of the Great Slump in England.

## Public career

Somer, possibly born in Kent, moved to London as a young man to be a member of the court of King Richard II. In 1393 he was granted £5 per year as a royal servant. When Richard II was deposed by King Henry IV he kept his position and became one of the first non-ecclesiastical Clerks to the Treasurer. He was rewarded with a number of other offices such as Keeper of the Privy Wardrobe (1405–07), keeper of the royal park and custodian of the manor of Kempton (1409–12).
In 1408 he was made a Baron of the Exchequer and Deputy Treasurer to Sir John Tiptoft and then Sir John Pelham. In 1410 he exchanged the position for that of Chancellor of the Exchequer, which he held until 1437. Between 1411 and 1439 he also held the lucrative position of Keeper of the Exchange and Mint.
In 1406 he commenced a long political career by being elected to Parliament as the Member for Middlesex. He was subsequently re-elected four more times for the same seat in 1407, 1417, 1421 and 1429.
When Henry V ascended the throne in 1413 Somer was accused of misuse of public funds but after mounting a stout defence the charges against him were dropped. In 1422 he survived another change of monarch and finally retired in 1439, probably over 70 years of age.
He served as an MP for the last time as the member for Cambridgeshire in 1432.

## Private life

In 1402 he married Katherine, the widow and heiress of Mark Le Faire, a wealthy Winchester merchant and MP. He was a friend of both the poet Thomas Hoccleve and the writer Geoffrey Chaucer.
During his life he accumulated land in Edmonton and Tottenham in Middlesex and an estate in Grantchester, Cambridgeshire, enabling him to serve as a Justice of the Peace for both counties for many years. On his death in 1450 he was buried at St Johns, Cambridge and was succeeded by his grandson James.
# Economics & Philosophy

Economics & Philosophy is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering different aspects of philosophy and economics. It was established in 1985 and is published by Cambridge University Press. The editors-in-chief are Zvi Safra (Warwick University), Itai Sher (University of Massachusetts), Katie Steele (Australian National University), and Peter Vanderschraaf (University of Arizona).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences
* EconLit
* Philosopher's Index
* ProQuest databases
* Scopus
* Social Sciences Citation Index
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 1.615.
# Michael Gage (mathematician)

Michael Eaton Gage is a mathematician who works as a professor of mathematics at the University of Rochester. He is known for his work on the curve-shortening flow, and in particular for the Gage–Hamilton–Grayson theorem, proved by Gage with Richard S. Hamilton and Matthew Grayson, which describes the behavior of any smooth Jordan curve under the curve-shortening flow. He is also one of the original developers of the WeBWorK online homework delivery system.
Gage did his undergraduate studies at Antioch College, and completed his Ph.D. in mathematics at Stanford University in 1978, under the supervision of Robert Osserman. He has worked as a systems programmer for Intel, and joined the Rochester faculty in 1984.
Gage was the 1996–1997 winner of the distinguished teaching award of the Seaway Section of the Mathematical Association of America.
# Eastern District (British Army)

Eastern District was a district command of the British Army from 1967 and 1995.

## History

The district was formed from 54th (East Anglian) Infantry Division as part of the Territorial Army Volunteer Reserve in 1967. It had its headquarters at Colchester Garrison and was placed under the command of HQ UK Land Forces in 1972. The district merged with North East District to form an enlarged Eastern District at Imphal Barracks in 1992. The enlarged district was disbanded on the formation of HQ Land Command in 1995.

## Commanders

General officers commanding included:
* 1967–1969 Major-General Fergus Ling
* 1969–1971 Major-General Jack Dye
* 1971–1973 Major-General David Scott-Barrett
* 1973–1975 Major-General Peter Hudson
* 1975–1977 Major-General David Tabor
* 1977–1980 Major-General Andrew Watson
* 1980–1982 Major-General Richard Gerrard-Wright
* 1982–1984 Major-General John MacMillan
* 1984–1987 Major-General Charles Ramsay
* 1987–1989 Major-General Peter Graham
* 1989–1992 Major-General William Evans
* 1992 Major-General Michael Walker
* 1992–1995 Major-General Patrick Cordingley
# Donja Mutnica

Donja Mutnica (Serbian Cyrillic: Доња Мутница, pronounced) is a village in Serbia. It is located in the municipality of Paraćin and Pomoravlje District. According to 2002 census it had 1051 inhabitants which is significant drop from 1991 census when 1373 inhabitants were registered.

## Etymology

Village's name is composed of two words; word Donja (pronounced) literally translates as Lower and is used to distinguish between two neighbouring villages - Donja Mutnica and Gornja Mutnica (Gornja translates as Higher). Second word Mutnica (pronounced) is derived from word Mutna which literally translates as Muddy but Sinister would be a more meaningful translation considering unusual historical circumstances through which village got its name.

## History

Going back to the 14th century, in between present-day villages Donja Mutnica and Gornja Mutnica was a former village by the name Zlatica.

## Notable residents

* Branko Krsmanović
# Michael Anthony (chef)

Michael Anthony (born 1968) is an American chef.

## Background and education

Anthony grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio, and graduated from Indiana University Bloomington with degrees in Business, French, and Japanese. He studied cooking at the École Supérieure de Cuisine Française (ESCF) - Ferrandi.
He has three daughters and currently lives in New York City with his wife Mindy Dubin.

## Professional career

He began his culinary career under the guidance of Shizuyo Shima in Tokyo, Japan.
Anthony moved to France in 1992 and attended cooking school at L’ecole Ferrandi, in Paris. Following that, he spent years training and working in several kitchens. Anthony returned to the United States, working first in the kitchen of Restaurant Daniel and then as the Chef de Cuisine at March Restaurant. Subsequently, he joined the team of Blue Hill as co-Chef of the Manhattan restaurant and later as the Executive Chef at Blue Hill Stone Barns.
In September 2006 Anthony took the position of Executive Chef at Gramercy Tavern. In 2011, he was named Chef-Partner of Gramercy Tavern.
In 2014, he was also named Executive Chef and Managing Director of Untitled and the Studio Cafe at the downtown Whitney Museum of American Art, overseeing operations, wine, food and beverage.
He is also the author of The Gramercy Tavern Cookbook, published by Clarkson Potter and "V is for Vegetable: Inspired Recipes & Techniques for Home Cooks- from Artichokes to Zucchini", published by Little, Brown and Company.

## Social Activism

Anthony maintains strong relationships between the restaurant and local farmers. He arranges visits to local farms for his staff so they can learn first-hand how and where the food they serve each day is grown. He also invites local producers to Gramercy Tavern to share their knowledge with staff and guests through tastings and presentations. The Main Dining Room and the Tavern menus highlight these relationships through Anthony’s cuisine.
Anthony is a board member of God’s Love We Deliver and is devoted to their mission of "food as medicine." Each year Gramercy Tavern participates in the Race to Deliver, leading the charge of fundraising efforts.
He is also a council member of City Harvest’s Food Council and a supporter of the Garden Program at PS 41.

## Accolades

* "Best New Chefs" in Food & Wine magazine’s chef category in 2002
* Three Stars from The New York Times for "Blue Hill at Stone Barns"
* Three Stars from The New York Times for "Gramercy Tavern" 2007
* "Best New Chef" in Time Out New York’s New York City category in 2007
* "Outstanding Restaurant" in 2008 from the James Beard Foundation for "Gramercy Tavern"
* "Best Chef New York City" from the James Beard Foundation in 2012
* Gramercy Tavern, Michelin Guide, One Star
* "Outstanding Chef" from the James Beard Foundation in 2015
* "Best Vegetable-Focused Cookbook" from the James Beard Foundation in 2015 for V is for Vegetables.
* Three Stars from The New York Times for "Gramercy Tavern" 2016
# Lamentation over the Dead Christ (van Dyck, 1629)

The Lamentation over the Dead Christ is a painting by the Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck, created c. 1629. It is now in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp.
# Dichromodes cynica

Dichromodes cynica (also known as the rock face moth) is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1911. D. cynica is endemic to New Zealand and is found only around Christchurch and Banks Peninsular. The larvae of D. cynica are cryptic in appearance and feed on lichens growing on dry sunny rock faces. Adults are on the wing from September to February. D. cynica are active during the day and are rapid fliers.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1911 using a specimen collected by George Hudson at Lyttelton in November. George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species in his 1928 book The butterflies and moths of New Zealand. The male holotype is held at the Natural History Museum, London.

## Description

The larvae of this species are cryptic, camouflaging themselves against their host species of lichens.
Hudson described the larvae as follows:
   The length of the larva was 1⁄2 inches. Blackish-grey, glacous-grey on sides; large dorsal spots on segments 6 to 9, small dorsal spots on segments 10 to 12, light grey. Body surface covered with minute tubercles and narrow transverse folds.
Meyrick described this species as follows:
   ♂. 17mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen blackish-grey, slightly whitish-sprinkled, palpi 3 ½. Antennal pectinations 6. Forewings triangular, costa faintly sinuate, apex rounded-obtuse, termen obliquely rounded; dark grey sprinkled with black and grey-whitish, veins partially suffused with yellow-ochreous irroration; lines obscurely indicated by whitish irroration, irregular, first somewhat sinuate, indented below middle, edged posteriorly with black irroration becoming broad towards costa, second slightly prominent near costa and dorsum, and with a moderate bidentate prominence in middle, edged anteriorly with black irroration also becoming broad towards costa, subterminal hardly traceable; a small blackish transverse discal mark before second line: cilia dark grey, slightly sprinkled with black and whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded; dark fuscous; a fine indistinct grey-whitish curved post-median line, sinuate inwards in middle: cilia dark fuscous.
This species is similar in appearance to D. sphaeriata but is smaller.

## Distribution

It is endemic to New Zealand. This species is found only around Christchurch and the Banks Peninsular. As well as the type locality, this species has also been observed at Mount Grey.

## Behaviour

The larvae of D. cynica feed on lichens growing on dry sunny rock faces. The adults of this species are on the wing from September to February. This species is active during the day and flies rapidly.
# Doloessa constellata

Doloessa constellata is a species of snout moth in the genus Doloessa. It was described by George Hampson in 1898 and is known from Assam, India.
# Edward Cowey

Edward Cowey (9 April 1839 – 16 December 1903), often known as Ned Cowey, was a British trade unionist.
Cowey was born in Longbenton, Northumberland, and began working in local coal mines at the age of seven, opening and closing a trapdoor for fourteen hours a day. In 1858, he and his workmates were able to work together to break the written agreement of working practices, for which he was blacklisted. He briefly worked at sea, but returned to Monkwearmouth, where again he made efforts to improve working conditions.
In an effort to find further work, Cowey moved to Sharlston in the West Riding of Yorkshire in 1871, and was elected as checkweighman. There, he joined the West Yorkshire Miners' Association (WYMA), and was elected president in 1873, then served in the post again from 1876. In 1881, the WYMA merged with the South Yorkshire Miners' Association to form the Yorkshire Miners' Association, and Cowey was appointed as its first president.
Cowey was also a member of the board of the Miners' National Union, and when the Miners' Federation of Great Britain was formed in 1889, Cowey was elected to its committee. In 1893, he was elected to the Parliamentary Committee of the Trades Union Congress, where he was a prominent opponent of socialism.
In his spare time, Cowey was a Primitive Methodist lay preacher.
# Amyloxenasma

Amyloxenasma is a genus of corticioid fungi in the family Amylocorticiaceae. The widely distributed genus contains six species.
# Alfred Lamb (Australian politician)

Alfred Lamb (28 May 1845 – 13 October 1890) was an Australian businessman, banker and politician. In 1889 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as a Free Trade member for West Sydney. He served in this office until his death in Potts Point in 1890. A member of the Lamb banking family, he became a director of the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney (now National Australia Bank) in 1860.
His father Commander John Lamb was a Commercial Banking Company of Sydney director, as were his brothers Walter Lamb, Edward Lamb and John de Villiers Lamb. His sister-in-law by John de Villiers Lamb, Henrietta Lamb, was the sister of the deputy chairman of the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney, Thomas Smith. His sister-in-law via Walter was Margaret Dangar, daughter of Australian politician and explorer Henry Dangar.

## Early life

He was born in London to the banker and politician John Lamb and Emma (née Robinson). His mother Emma Lamb (née Robinson) was the daughter of the deputy chairman of Lloyds Bank. His family migrated to Sydney in 1829, and, after his education, Lamb became a clerk in his father's mercantile firm and became a partner in 1847. At 15 he became a clerk in his father's firm and at 22 a partner in Lamb, Spry & Co.

## Career

A key figure in the Employers' Union, he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1889 as a Free Trade member for West Sydney, but he died at Potts Point the following year.

## Further details

On 25 February 1868 he married Mary Elizabeth Gordon, with whom he had seven children; a second marriage on 4 May 1881 to Mary Frances Brenan produced a further four children.
# Anglo-Russian Commission

The Anglo-Russia Commission was an office of the British Department of Information established in Saint Petersburg in 1915 that was involved in arranging war supplies from the United Kingdom to Russia.
It was tasked with "propaganda distribution, use of literature and art therefore, political intelligence, and, as agent for the War Office, the dissemination of military news to non-military and non-Dominion authorities"
The office was closed in the early days of March 1918 when it was reported to have "left British propaganda in Russia almost at a standstill".
# Haslinger

Haslinger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Josef Haslinger (born 1955), Austrian writer
* Paul Haslinger (born 1962), Austrian-born American composer and musician
* Stewart Haslinger (born 1981), English chess grandmaster
* Tobias Haslinger, Austrian composer and music publisher
# Lake Bingo

Lake Bingo is a lake in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Lake Bingo is a 7 acre lake located in Portage County. It has a maximum depth of 21 feet.
It is uncertain why the name "Bingo Lake" was applied to this lake, however the name dates back to at least 1895.
# Al Sayegh Airlines

Al Sayegh Airlines is an airline based in the United Arab Emirates. Its main base is Sharjah International Airport.

## Fleet

The Al Sayegh Airlines fleet includes the following aircraft (as of 25 April 2012):
# Dropper (malware)

A dropper is a Trojan horse that has been designed to install malware (such as viruses and backdoors) onto a computer. The malware within the dropper can be packaged to evade detection by antivirus software. Alternatively, the dropper may download malware to the target computer once activated.
Droppers can be categorized into two types: persistent and non-persistent. Persistent droppers conceal themselves on the device and alter system registry keys. Concealment allows them to reinstall the malware during a reboot, even if previously removed. Non-persistent droppers are considered less dangerous as they remove themselves from the system after executing their payload. Thus, once the malware is removed, it cannot reinstall itself.
Trojan horses operate by masquerading as legitimate programs, requiring user interaction to execute. They unpack and load malicious code into the computer's memory, then install malicious software (malware).
Precautions can be taken to prevent infection from malware droppers. For example, not opening links from unknown sources and only downloading software from known verified distributors, such as the Microsoft Store or the Apple App Store. Also, a firewall can block traffic from unverified sources. Droppers can also target mobile devices. For instance, a user might download an application via a text message link, which leads to the device being infected with malware. An example of a Trojan dropper created for mobile devices is the Sharkbot dropper. It facilitates unauthorized financial transactions by exploiting the Automatic Transfer Service (ATS), allowing attackers to siphon funds from mobile banking applications. This type of malware typically enters devices through sideloading, bypassing official app stores.
# Atlético Echagüe

Atlético Echagüe is an Argentine professional basketball team located in Paraná, Entre Ríos. The team competes in the Liga Nacional de Básquet.

## Notable players

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.
* Criteria
* To appear in this section a player must have either:
* Set a club record or won an individual award while at the club
* Played at least one official international match for their national team at any time
* Played at least one official NBA match at any time.
* Matias Nocedal
* Gelvis Solano
* Josimar Ayarza
# Hasim, Saudi Arabia

Hasim is a village in Jizan Province, in south-western Saudi Arabia.
# Alfredo Pereira

Alfredo Pereira (born 23 May 1992) is a Portuguese male acrobatic gymnast. With partner Mariana Gradim Alves Amorim, Pereira competed in the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.
# Dolichopus domesticus

Dolichopus domesticus is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae.
# Hassan Hissein

Hassan Hissein (born 20 May 1992) is a Chadian footballer who plays as striker for El-Kanemi Warriors and the Chad national football team.

## Career

He played for Foullah Edifice in Chadian Premier Ligue. Now he plays for El-Kanemi Warriors in Nigeria.
On 8 May 2012, Hissein's agent announced that 3 Premier League clubs were looking at the youngster. These clubs turned out to be Sunderland, Liverpool and Newcastle.

## International

Hissein debuted for Chad on 17 November 2010, in a match against Togo in Lomé. So far, he has earned 10 FIFA official and 8 unofficial caps for Chad.