OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Congregational Union of Scotland

The Congregational Union of Scotland was a Protestant church in the Reformed tradition.
The union was established in 1812, by 53 churches in Scotland. Its aim was to conduct missions in Scotland, and to support the existing Congregational churches. Much of the impetus for its formation came from Greville Ewing, who formed numerous congregations, and also the Glasgow Theological Academy. The union grew rapidly, with 72 member churches by 1824, and more than one hundred by the end of the decade.
In 1841, James Morison of the United Secession Church was accused of Arminianism, and was expelled. In 1843, he led four United Secession churches in forming the new Evangelical Union. Two years later, this was joined by nine Congregational Union churches who supported John Kirk. Initially strongly Calvinist, the Evangelical Union moved away from this, and focused its activity on promoting abstentionism. By 1896, it had 98 member churches, and it decided to rejoin the Congregational Union.
The Congregational Union first discussed a possible merger with the Congregational Union of England and Wales in 1929, but it ultimately preferred to remain independent. It was a founder member of the Scottish Churches Council, and later supplied the secretary of the multilateral church conventions which ran from the 1960s to the 1990s. The church also played a leading role in Christian Aid Scotland.
In 1928, the Congregational Union appointed the first woman minister of any Scottish church, Vera Finlay.
In 2000, the union merged into the United Reformed Church, with a minority of churches dissenting and instead joining the Congregational Federation.
# Connie Chan

Connie Chan may refer to:
* Connie Chan (actor) (born 1947), Chinese actor
* Connie Chan (politician) (born 1978), California politician
# Lupinus brevicaulis

Lupinus brevicaulis is a species of lupine known by the common names shortstem lupine and sand lupine. It is native to the southwestern United States, including Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico, where it grows in many types of sandy habitat.

## Description

This is a hairy annual herb growing nearly flat in a spread on the ground with a stem just a few centimeters long. An array of leaves encircles the base. Each palmate leaf is made up of 6 to 8 leaflets about a centimeter long and a few millimeters in width. The inflorescence is a petite spiral of flowers a few centimeters long just arising past the basal disc of leaves. Each flower is 6 to 8 millimeters long and bright blue in color, generally with a white or yellowish spot on its banner. It ranges from 5 to 10 centimeters in height. It grows from a taproot. The stems are absent. The leaves are in a basal tuft, and on petioles 1 to 7 centimeters long. There are 5 to 8 leaflets per leaf. The flowers are either purple-blue or white in color. They are in dense, nearly spherical clusters about 2 centimeters long. The clusters are held up on peduncles up to 6 centimeters long. The fruit is a hairy legume pod about a centimeter long containing 1 or 2 beanlike seeds. It usually blooms in May and June.
in their youth, it is almost impossible to tell apart this species from L. kingii, but as they mature, L. kingii is a lot bigger in every aspect than L. brevicaulis. You can also tell them apart by L. brevicaulis's lack of stem. Another way to tell them apart is the length of the calyx lips. Flowering begins when the peduncle is very short. The cotyledons are light green, round, and persistent.

## Uses

The crushed leaves are used as a liniment on boils. It is also used in the treatment of sterility.
# János György Szilágyi

János György Szilágyi (16 July 1918 – 7 January 2016) was a Hungarian historian who was a specialist in ancient drama and Greek art. He was born in Budapest. In 2011 he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary. He died at the age of 97 in 2016.

## Selected publications

* Ancient art. Budapest Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, 2003. ISBN 9789637441943
* In search of Pelasgian ancestors: The 1861 Hungarian excavations in the Apennines. Atlantisz, Budapest, 2004. ISBN 9789639165755
# Conscientious objectors in Wales

A Conscientious Objector is an "individual who has refused to take part in the Great War". There were different meanings for this, for example, religious meanings (not believing in violence and/or killing), freedom of thought, conscience, and disability. In many countries Conscientious Objectors are forced to do other services as a substitute for military service. Conscientious Objectors were often seen as cowards. Many people from across the United Kingdom were considered to be Conscientious Objectors during the First World War, and the movement was as pronounced in Wales as in any other part of the county.
In Wales there was strong support for the movement from pacifists within the large non-conformist community.

## George Maitland Lloyd Davies

One of the most vocal opponents of conscription for the Great War was George Maitland Lloyd Davies (30 April 1880 – 16 December 1949), was born in Liverpool. He was imprisoned for opposing the Great War and conscription. He and his friend, Richard Roberts from Blaenau Ffestiniog, formed a Christian society to promote peace during World War I called the "Fellowship of Reconciliation" (Cymdeithas y Cymod). They published a magazine under the title "Y Deyrnas" from 1916 to 1919, with Thomas Rees, head of Bala-Bangor college as editor.
In 1937, the Welsh National Pacifist Society was established with George Maitland Lloyd Davies (G.M.LL.D) as president. At the end of 1937 a pamphlet had been published to go along with the launch of the society by the name of "Ymorthodwn a Rhyfel" (We Reject War).
# Alexander Shaw (surgeon)

Alexander Shaw (6 February 1804 – 18 January 1890) was a Scottish surgeon.

## Life

Born in Ayr, he was the sixth son of Charles Shaw, clerk of the county of Ayr, and Barbara Wright his wife, daughter of a collector of customs at Greenock. His elder brothers were John Shaw, Sir Charles Shaw and Patrick Shaw. One sister, Marion, married Sir Charles Bell, and another sister became the wife of George Joseph Bell. He was educated at Edinburgh high school and the University of Glasgow, where he matriculated in 1819 and graduated M.A. 11 April 1822.
Shaw was connected with the Middlesex Hospital for more than half a century. He entered there as a pupil in 1822; was made assistant surgeon in 1836, and surgeon in 1842. On his retirement in 1872 he was appointed consulting surgeon. He joined the medical school of the hospital at its first formation, and at the time of his death was the sole survivor of the original members of the staff. To obtain an M.D. degree, he was admitted as a pensioner at Downing College, Cambridge, 28 June 1826.
In 1827, on the death of his brother John, Shaw left Cambridge to take up his work at the Great Windmill Street medical school; and he abandoned the idea of taking his Cambridge degree. He passed the examination required to obtain the license of the Society of Apothecaries in 1827, and in the following year obtained the membership of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. On the institution of the fellowship of the college, Shaw was elected one of the first batch of fellows on 11 December 1843. He served on the college council from 1858 to 1865.
Shaw was active in London medical societies. In the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society he served as secretary, vice-president, and treasurer, and in its Transactions he published on rickets. Sir Charles Bell married Marion, Shaw's sister, on 3 June 1811. After the death of her husband in 1842 Lady Bell lived with her brother, and their house became a centre for the literary and scientific society of the period. Incapacitated from work for some years before his death, Shaw died 18 January 1890, at the age of 86.

## Works

Shaw's major works were:
* ‘Narrative of the Discoveries of Sir Charles Bell in the Nervous System,’ 1839.
* ‘Account of Sir Charles Bell's Classification of the Nervous System,’ 1844.
* ‘On Sir Charles Bell's Researches in the Nervous System,’ 1847.
* ‘An Account of Sir Charles Bell's Discoveries in the Nervous System,’ prefixed to the sixth edition of Bell ‘On the Hand,’ and also published separately.
In 1869 Shaw republished Sir Charles Bell's ‘New Idea of the Anatomy of the Brain’ (originally published in a limited edition in 1811) with additions, consisting mainly of selected earlier passages on the same subject written by Bell. He also wrote the articles on ‘Injuries of the Back,’ ‘Diseases of the Spine,’ and ‘Distortion’ in Timothy Holmes's ‘System of Surgery.’

## Family

In 1856 Shaw married Susan Turner, the widow of J. Randall; the only issue of the marriage was a son who died in infancy. She died 18 March 1891.
# Lyudmila Guryeva

Lyudmila Guryeva (born 12 March 1977) is a Kazakhstani biathlete. She competed in the two events at the 1998 Winter Olympics.
# Lyn Squire

Lyn Squire is an American economist who was born in South Wales. He held several positions within the World Bank's hierarchy over a 25-year career. While there, he co-authored, with Herman G. Van Der Tak, the 1975 work Economic analysis of projects. He was one of the lead authors of the World Development Report 1990: Poverty where the international $1 a day poverty line was proposed.

## Academic Service

* The Editor of the Middle East Development Journal
* Founding president and ex-director of the Global Development Network

## Selected publications

* Squire, L. (1993). Fighting poverty. American Economic Review, 83(2), 377–382.
* Lundberg, M., & Squire, L. (2003). The simultaneous evolution of growth and inequality. Economic Journal, 113(487), 326–344.
* Squire, L., & Van der Tak, H. G. (1975). Economic analysis of projects. World Bank Publications.
* Barnum, H. N., & Squire, L. (1979). An econometric application of the theory of the farm-household. Journal of Development Economics, 6(1), 79–102.
* Deininger, K., & Squire, L. (1996). A new data set measuring income inequality. World Bank Economic Review, 10(3), 565–591.
* Deininger, K., & Squire, L. (1998). New ways of looking at old issues: inequality and growth. Journal of development economics, 57(2), 259–287.
* Bruno, M., Ravallion, M., & Squire, L. (1996). Equity and growth in developing countries: old and new perspectives on the policy issues (Vol. 1563). World Bank Publications.
* Stiglitz, Joseph E. & Lyn Squire (1999) International Development: Is It Possible? Foreign Policy, 110, 138–151.
* Kanbur, R., & Squire, L. (1999). The evolution of thinking about poverty: exploring the interactions. WP 99-24 Department of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics. Cornell University,
* Milanovic, B., & Squire, L. (2005). Does tariff liberalization increase wage inequality? Some empirical evidence. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 3571, World Bank, Washington, DC.
# Räte-Zeitung

The Räte-Zeitung (Councils' Newspaper) was a left-wing magazine published from April 1919 until late 1920. It was launched by Philipp Dengel and Alfons Goldschmidt. Leo Matthias joined the editorial team. It proclaimed itself the "Organ of the Workers' Councils". It was one of the main vehicles promoting the activities of German Expressionism – an avant-garde art movement – to the working class.

## Contributors

The following were contributors:
* Franz Jung
* Karl Kautsky
* Frederick Wendel
* Karl Radek
* Alexander Bloch
* Kurt Hiller
* Hanns Bruno Herfurth
* Emil Dyrrlich (Berlin-Neuköln)
* Arthur Holitscher
* Ernst Toller
* Otto Gross
# KEGS

KEGS may refer to:
* King Edward's School (disambiguation), or King Edward's Grammar School
** King Edward VI Aston, also known as KEGS Aston
** King Edward VI Camp Hill, also known as KEGS Camp Hill
** King Edward VI Grammar School, Chelmsford, also known as KEGS Chelmsford
** King Edward VI College, Nuneaton, Warwickshire, formerly King Edward VI Grammar School, also known as KEGS Nuneaton
** King Edward VI Five Ways, also known as KEGS Five Ways
* KEGS (TV), a television station (channel 7) licensed to Goldfield, Nevada, United States
* KEGS-LP, a defunct television station (channel 30) formerly licensed to Las Vegas, Nevada, a repeater of KEGS
* KEGS (emulator), an Apple IIgs computer emulator
# Continental Club Rugby League

The Continental Club Rugby League is an annual European rugby union competition organised by the Russian Rugby Federation (RRF). It is the third-tier competition for European clubs behind the European Rugby Challenge Cup and the European Rugby Champions Cup.

## History

This competition was created in 2019 after the European Rugby Continental Shield folded just six seasons upon its formation as the qualifying competition for the entry of tier two country teams outside the Premiership Rugby, Top 14 and the Pro14 into the European Rugby Challenge Cup.
The Continental Club Rugby League is planned to be contested between 8 teams; 4 of the best teams from Russia's Rugby Premier League, 3 of the best teams from Romania's SuperLiga and the champions of Germany's Rugby-Bundesliga.
The first and only season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Teams

| Rugby Premiership | SuperLiga | Rugby-Bundesliga |
| Russia | Romania | Germany |
| Enisey-STM Krasny Yar VVA-Podmoskovye Slava Moscow | Baia Mare Steaua Dinamo | 1880 Frankfurt |

### Team details

Below is the list of coaches, captains and stadiums for each team.
| Team | Coach | Captain | Stadium | Capacity | Position |
| 1880 Frankfurt | Karl Savimaki | Chris Howells | Sportanlage an der Feldgerichtstrasse | 5,000 | Rugby-Bundesliga (1st) |
| Baia Mare | Eugen Apjok | Marius Dănilă | Stadionul Lascăr Ghineţ | 1,000 | SuperLiga (1st) |
| Dinamo | Cosmin Rațiu | Tudorel Bratu | Stadionul Florea Dumitrache | 1,500 | SuperLiga (6th) |
| Enisey-STM | Alexander Pervukhin | Uldis Saulite | Avangard Stadium Central Stadium | 2,643 15,000 | Rugby Premier League (1st) |
| Krasny Yar | Josh Taumalolo | Yuri Kushnarev | Krasny Yar Stadium Central Stadium | 3,600 15,000 | Rugby Premier League (2nd) |
| Slava Moscow | Andre Treadou | Nikita Medkov | Slava Stadium | 2,500 | Rugby Premier League (3rd) |
| Steaua | Dănuț Dumbravă | Viorel Lucaci | Stadionul Steaua II | 3,000 | SuperLiga (2nd) |
| VVA Podmoskovye | Pavel Baranovsky | Sergey Trishin | Gagarin Air Force Academy stadium | 5,000 | Rugby Premier League (4th) |

## Format
### Competition
#### Knock-out stage

The eight participant teams from the countries Russia, Romania and Germany will be drawn into a single match to play against one another in a quarter-final format where the winners of their respective matches will advance to the semi-finals of the Continental Club Rugby League while the losers will be eliminated immediately.
Then, the winners of the semi-finals will be placed in a final to contest against each other for the title whereas the losers of the two semi-finals will be competing for the 3rd place final instead.
# Alfred Bannwarth

Alfred Bannwarth (1903–1969) was a German neurologist who is credited for first reporting lymphocytic meningoradiculitis.

## Biography
### Early life and education

After first studying music, Bannwarth studied medicine at the University of Munich in Munich, Germany, and later became an assistant to German neurologist Max Nonne at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf in Hamburg.

### Military service

Bannwarth enlisted as a military doctor in the German military in 1945. During his service, he was stationed in the valley of Lake Tegern, where he was captured by American soldiers and held prisoner until June 1946.
# Alfred Baring Garrod

Sir Alfred Baring Garrod FRS (3 May 1819 – 28 December 1907) was an English physician.
Garrod was born in Ipswich, the son of Robert and Sarah (née Ennew) Garrod. He initially apprenticed at Ipswich Hospital, and later moved to University College Hospital, where he earned his medical doctorate in 1843. Afterwards he was an assistant at West London Hospital and a physician at the Aldersgate Dispensary. In 1849, he was appointed full physician at University College Hospital, and in 1863 became a professor of materia medica and therapeutics at King's College Hospital. In 1874, he left the hospital to become an honorary Fellow and consultant physician to the college.
In 1848, Garrod had discovered an abnormal increase of uric acid in the blood of patients with gout, and was the first to propose lithium as a remedy for the disorder. He recommended lithium as a treatment for mental illness, and hypothesized that gout could be a cause of mood disorders such as mania and depression. He is also credited for coining the term "rheumatoid arthritis".
In 1857 Garrod delivered the Goulstonian Lectures to the Royal College of Physicians. In 1858, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
In 1860, he was elected president of the Medical Society of London. In 1883 he gave the Lumleian Lectures. In 1887 he was knighted as "Sir Alfred Baring Garrod", and in 1890 was appointed "Physician Extraordinary" to Queen Victoria.
On his death in 1907 he was buried in the Great Northern cemetery, Southgate, Middlesex. He had married Elizabeth Ann Colchester of Ipswich; they had six children. Two of his sons were zoologist Alfred Henry Garrod (1846–1879) and physician Archibald Edward Garrod (1857–1936).

## Selected writings

* "Observations on the blood and urine of gout, rheumatism and Bright's disease"; Medical Chirurgical Transactions 1848;31:83.
* "The nature and treatment of gout and rheumatic gout"; London: Walton and Maberly, 1859.
* "A treatise on gout and rheumatic gout (rheumatoid arthritis)"; 3rd edn. London: Longman Green, 1876.
# Röckingen

Röckingen is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria in Germany.
# Ruth Gilbert (actress)

Ruth Gilbert (May 8, 1912 – October 12, 1993) was an American actress, best known for her role as Alice in the first sound version of Alice in Wonderland in 1931, and as Max in The Milton Berle Show.

## Career

A graduate of the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, Gilbert's role as Alice in the 1931 film Alice in Wonderland was her first major role. The film was made by Metropolitan Studios, an independent film company from Fort Lee, New Jersey. They made it for educational purposes in readiness for the 100th anniversary of Lewis Carroll's birth the following year
Gilbert's success in Alice in Wonderland gained her national recognition and this led to her first Broadway role in Girls in Uniform in 1932, a play inspired by the German film Mädchen in Uniform, which was in turn based upon the Christa Winsloe novel and play. Her role as Alice also got Gilbert noticed by Eugene O'Neill who cast her in the role of Muriel in the Theatre Guild production of Ah, Wilderness!, which also starred George M. Cohan.
She continued to work steadily on Broadway and as a radio actress throughout the 1930s and 1940s. During this period, she appeared as Sadie in John Howard Lawson's Processional at the Federal Theatre Project in 1937. She was also a member of the Group Theatre for two years, and in 1946 O'Neill cast her as Pearl in his play The Iceman Cometh. On radio, she appeared in Norman Corwin's Columbia Presents Corwin.
In 1949, Gilbert replaced Lee Grant as the shoplifter in the Broadway run of Detective Story. That same year, she also appeared in the NBC Presents episode entitled, "The Florist Shop", and she became the star of her own short lived TV series, Ruthie on the Telephone, which co-starred Phillip Reed. The latter series was notable in that it was a prime time show in which each episode was only five minutes long.
Gilbert continued to work well into the 1950s. From 1953 to 1955, she played Max, the lovesick, scatterbrained secretary, in ten episodes of The Milton Berle Show. Her often repeated line in the show, "Let's not fight this, Mil-l-ton, it's bigger than both of us," became her catchphrase However, midway through her tenure on the show, she was fired for becoming pregnant. Nevertheless, the matter was ultimately resolved by arbitration and she returned to the program after the birth of her daughter.
Gilbert's career reached its zenith in the 1950s and thereafter began to slow down. However, a year before her death, she made one last comeback in a cameo as Mrs. Landesman in the film Me, Myself and I in 1992.

## Death

Gilbert died on October 12, 1993, at a hospice in Calvary Hospital in the Bronx, Manhattan of brain cancer. Her death was mistakenly originally reported as happening on October 13, 1993, at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
# Luzia (album)

Luzia is a studio album by Paco de Lucía. It was made as a dedication to his Portuguese mother (hence the Portuguese spelling) when she died.

## Track listing

* "Río de la miel" (Bulerías) – 5:08
* "La Villa vieja" (Soleares) – 6:52
* "Calle Munición" (Alegrías) – 5:37
* "Me regalé" (Tangos) – 5:36
* "Luzia" (Siguiriya) – 5:40
* "Manteca colorá" (Rumba) – 4:58
* "El chorruelo" (Bulerías) – 5:58
* "Camarón" (Rondeñas) – 6:07

## Musicians

* Paco de Lucía – Flamenco guitar, vocals
* Tino Di Geraldo – Tabla, Percussion
* Carles Benavent – Bajo (Bass), Mandola
* Duquende – Vocals
* Josemi Carmona – Mandola
* Luis Dulzaides – Congas
# Luzia Bezerra

Luzia Maria Bezerra (born 23 May 1968) is an Angolan handball player.
She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, where Angola placed 7th.
# Alfred Schouppé

Alfred Schouppé (born December 13, 1812, in Grabownica Starzeńska, died April 7, 1899, in Krynica-Zdrój) was a Polish painter, and one of the founders of the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts (Towarzystwo Zachęty Sztuk Pięknych) in Warsaw.

## Biography

Studied in Kraków, where he was a student of Jan Nepomucen Głowacki and Józef Richter in Warsaw. In 1837, by gaining a scholarship Schouppé began studying at the Accademia di San Luca, returning to Warsaw in 1840. He took part in a number of foreign travels, and after going into retirement in 1897 he moved out of Warsaw. Nearly every year he visited the Tatra Mountains. His Tatra landscape paintings are characterised with idealism. He also painted religious paintings and had been illustrating with Juliusz Kossak.

## Selected paintings

* View of the Tatras (1849)
* Smugglers (1870)
* View of Iłza (1880)
# Lutheran High School Westland

Lutheran High School Westland is a parochial high school located in Westland, Michigan, in Wayne County. It is governed by the Lutheran High School Association of Greater Detroit and is associated with the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod. Its current enrollment is about 190 students. The school colors are black and white, and its mascot is the Warrior.

## History

Talks began in the mid-1980s to open another Lutheran high school in western Wayne County. As enrollment declined at Lutheran High School East in Harper Woods and Lutheran High School West in Detroit, Westland was selected as the site for the new school.

## Building history

The school opened in 1986 in the building that was formerly Nankin Mills Middle School, where singer Alice Cooper had attended.
# Léon Lortie

Léon Lortie, OC MSRC (August 31, 1902 – December 31, 1985) was a Canadian chemist, academic, and writer.
In 1930, he defended his thesis on cerium under the direction of Nathalie Demassieux.
In 1970, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in recognition for having "distinguished himself in many government and professional organizations".
# Léon Lippens

Léon Lippens may refer to:
* Léon Lippens (rower) (1903–?), Belgian rower
* Count Léon Lippens (naturalist) (1911–1986), Belgian naturalist and nobleman
# Alfred Fanning

Alfred Henry Netherwood Fanning (31 March 1890 — 11 March 1963) was a New Zealand international rugby union player.
Born and raised in Christchurch, Fanning received his education at Marist Brothers' School, versed in the game on the school's stony ground. He was the younger brother of All Black Bernard Fanning.
Fanning, a lock, was a foundation member of the Marist club and also competed with Linwood, while turning out for Canterbury in representative rugby. His only All Blacks call up came in 1913 when he came into the side for the third Test against Australia at Lancaster Park, scoring their only try in a 5–16 loss.