OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chagni

Chagni (also known as Kedamawi Haile Selassie Ber) is a town in North Western Ethiopia. Located in the Agew Awi Zone of the Amhara Region, this town has a longitude and latitude of 10°57′N 36°30′E﻿ / ﻿10.950°N 36.500°E﻿ / 10.950; 36.500 and an elevation of 1583 meters above sea level. It is the administrative center of Guangua woreda; in the past Chagni was the administrative center of the Metekel awraja.

## History

The British explorer Charles Beke visited Chagni on its market day, 17 March 1842, and found the town inhabited mostly by "Shánkalas (the Nubas of the maps), who are negroes", who fled at his appearance out of fear: "fine tall muscular men, armed with spear and knife, hurrying away and hiding themselves among the bushes as I approached".
In the 1950s, Chagni was administered by Fitawrari Embiale Gessess, whom witnesses state incorporated the current city of Chagni, and he is the father of Gebeyaw Embiale. Chagni was on the frontier between two ethnic groups who were frequently in conflict: the Gumuz and the Amhara. The Gumuz reportedly rebelled against Ethiopian rule four separate times between 1950 and 1990. However once the border between the two regions was drawn in 1992, dividing the former Metekel awraja between them, tensions lessened and local elders were able to negotiate peaceful reconciliations between the two groups. Around 1957, the primary school in Chagni was at the westernmost end of the telephone lines in Gojjam.
Famous people born in Chagni include the Ethiopian singer Gigi, as well as Gebeyaw Embiale, the Ethiopian mechanical engineer known in Ethiopia for designing components used in the Airbus 380 aircraft.

## Demographics

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Chagni has an estimated total population of 30,938, of whom 16,035 are men and 14,903 are women. The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 17,777 of whom 8,437 were men and 9,340 were women.

## Climate

Climate data for Changni, elevation 1,720 m (5,640 ft), (1971–2000) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.1 (82.6) | 30.2 (86.4) | 31.2 (88.2) | 27.7 (81.9) | 25.0 (77.0) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.3 (75.7) | 25.7 (78.3) | 27.5 (81.5) | 28.2 (82.8) | 27.0 (80.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) | 11.3 (52.3) | 11.8 (53.2) | 12.8 (55.0) | 14.0 (57.2) | 14.0 (57.2) | 13.7 (56.7) | 13.6 (56.5) | 13.0 (55.4) | 11.9 (53.4) | 10.1 (50.2) | 7.9 (46.2) | 12.0 (53.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 11.0 (0.43) | 44.0 (1.73) | 1.0 (0.04) | 23.0 (0.91) | 151.0 (5.94) | 302.0 (11.89) | 358.0 (14.09) | 490.0 (19.29) | 326.0 (12.83) | 184.0 (7.24) | 13.0 (0.51) | 6.0 (0.24) | 1,909 (75.14) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 59 | 54 | 48 | 49 | 59 | 72 | 81 | 80 | 77 | 69 | 66 | 63 | 65 |
| Source: FAO ||||||||||||||
# Daniela Ciancio

Daniela Ciancio (born 5 March 1965) is an Italian costume designer, noted chiefly for her film costumes. In 2005, she won the David di Donatello for Best Costumes for her work on the Antonietta De Lillo film Il resto di niente. Ciancio also designed the costumes for the 2013 film La grande bellezza.

## Biography

Ciancio graduated high school in 1983, and proceeded to study stage design at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli, earning a diploma in scenography. In 1986, she began a collaboration with the Teatro di San Carlo and the Nuovo Teatro Nuovo di Napoli. In 1994, she was awarded a diploma at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia, winning an internship with Piero Tosi. Her career has spanned cinema, theatre, opera and television.

## Career
### Cinema

* The Face of an Angel (directed by Michael Winterbottom, 2014)
* La grande bellezza (Paolo Sorrentino, 2013)
* Il Divo (Paolo Sorrentino, 2008)
* Mission: Impossible III (J. J. Abrams, 2006)
* Il resto di niente (Antonietta De Lillo, 2005)

### Opera

* Cavalleria Rusticana (Roberto de Simone, Teatro di San Carlo, 2007)
* Nabucco with Roberta Guidi di Bagno (S. Vizioli), Choregies d'Orange)
* Romeo and Juliet (D. Deane, Victoria and Albert Hall)

### Television

* L'Oro di Scampia (M. Pontecorvo, 2014)
* Il clan dei Camorristi (A. Angelina and A. Sweet, 2013)
* Applausi e sputi (R. Tognazzi, 2012)
* La nuova squadra - Spaccanapoli (Alberto Bader, 2008)

### Board service

Between 2009 and 2013 Ciancio has been a member of the board of the European Film Academy (EFA), European Film Award – Berlin and she is a jury member of the David di Donatello since 2005.

### Teaching

Since 2004 Ciancio has taught costume design in, among other places, the “Scuola del Cinema Gianmaria Volonte’” (Rome) and “Lab Costume”.

### Awards and honors

| Year | Won / Nominated | Award | For |
| 2005 | won | David di Donatello for Best Costumes | Il resto di niente |
| 2005 | won | Ciak d'oro | Il resto di niente |
| 2005 | won | Premio Piero Tosi Italia Film Festival | Il resto di niente |
| 2005 | won | Capitello d'Oro Sannio Film Festival | Il resto di niente |
| 2005 | won | Diamanti al Cinema CinCinecittà Holding/Kineo | Il resto di niente |
| 2005 | won | Diploma honoris causa in Fashion Design Istituto Europeo di Design | Il resto di niente |
| 2006 | nominated | Nastro d'Argento | Il resto di niente |
| 2006 | nominated | Premio 35mm | Il resto di niente |
| 2007 | won | Cavalleria Rusticana |
| 2008 | won | Premio Umberto Tirelli Capri/Holliwood | Il Divo |
| 2009 | won | Premio Piero Tosi Italia Film Festival | Il Divo |
| 2009 | won | Premio Girulá | Don Giovanni Ritorna dalla Guerra |
| 2009 | nominated | David di Donatello | Il Divo |
| 2009 | nominated | Ciak d'oro | Il Divo |
| 2013 | nominated | Nastro d'Argento | La grande bellezza |
# Admiral McDonald

Admiral McDonald may refer to:
* Art McDonald (admiral) (born 1967), Royal Canadian Navy admiral
* David L. McDonald (1906–1997), U.S. Navy admiral
* Wesley L. McDonald (1924–2009), U.S. Navy admiral
# List of invasive species in Colombia

Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, the governmental organization that oversees and manages national parks in Colombia, has provided an official list of species that are considered to be invasive under the following resolutions:
* Resolution 848 of 2008
* Resolution 132 of 2010
* Resolution 207 of 2010
* Resolution 654 of 2011
* Resolution 346 of 2022
There are also additional species listed below from more recent sources.

## Species

Species officially declared as invasive are shown in bold.

### Invertebrates

* Aedes albopictus (tiger mosquito)
* Anastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit fly)
* Aphis spiraecola (green citrus aphid)
* Callinectes exasperatus (rugose swimming crab)
* Cerataphis lataniae (palm aphid)
* Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)
* Charybdis hellerii (blue jaiba crab)
* Cinara cupressi (cypress aphid)
* Corbicula fluminea (Asian basket clam)
* Cornu aspersum (garden snail)
* Cryptotermes brevis (West Indian drywood termite)
* Ctenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum psyllid)
* Deroceras invadens (tramp slug)
* Deroceras laeve (marsh slug)
* Electroma sp., a genus of Vulsellidae
* Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale)
* Linepithema humile (Argentine ant)
* Lissachatina fulica (giant African snail)
* Maconellicoccus hirsutus (hibiscus mealybug)
* Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania)
* Monomorium pharaonis (pharaoh ant)
* Paratrechina fulva (crazy ant)
* Penaeus monodon (Asian tiger shrimp)
* Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant)
* Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug)
* Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish)
* Raoiella indica (red palm mite)
* Tetranychus urticae (mite)

### Fish

* Cyprinus carpio (common carp)
* Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass)
* Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)
* Oreochromis mossambicus (black tilapia)
* Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)
* Pterois volitans (red lionfish)
* Salmo trutta (brown trout)
* Trichogaster pectoralis (snakeskin gourami)

### Amphibians

* Eleutherodactylus coqui (common coquí)
* Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (Johnstone's whistling frog)
* Lithobates catesbeianus (American bullfrog)

### Mammals

* Canis familiaris (domestic dog)
* Felis catus (cats)
* Hippopotamus amphibius (hippopotamus; see hippopotamus in Colombia)
* Rattus norvegicus (brown rat)
* Rattus rattus (black rat)

### Birds

* Columba livia (rock dove)
* Lonchura malacca (tricoloured munia)
* Passer domesticus (house sparrow)

### Flora

* Eichornia crassipes (common water hyacinth)
* Kappaphycus alvarezii (elkhorn sea moss)
* Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass)
* Teline monspessulana (French broom)
* Ulex europaeus (common gorse)
# Juiz de fora (office)

A juiz de fora (pronounced; lit. 'judge from the outside' or 'outsider judge') was a magistrate appointed by the King of Portugal to serve in the municipalities where the intervention of an impartial and unbiased judge - usually from outside of the town - was necessary. Often, the judges also assumed a political role, being appointed to preside over municipal councils (câmaras) in order to provide some central control.

## History

The office arose in Portugal in 1327, under King Afonso IV, as a type of itinerant magistrate, appointed by the Crown. His main function was to ensure compliance with the Law on behalf of the King. The authority of the juiz de fora was far superior to that of ordinary local judges.
The appointment of a juiz de fora was justified by the need for a truly free, impartial judge, brought in from outside of the town to guarantee fair trials judge. The position could not be exercised at the place of origin or habitual residence of the magistrate, nor were they allowed other links with the local population such as marriage or close friendship .
As part of the process of formation of the structure of the Portuguese State, the Crown invested in the strength of the municipalities and local authorities, in order to weaken the hold of feudal lords.
The final consolidation of the office was carried out by King John III in 1532 who undertook a major centralization programme. By 1580, when the Iberian Union emerged with the reign of Philip I of Portugal (Philip II of Spain), there were more than fifty Portuguese municipalities governed by juízes de fora.
The office was also later created in the Portuguese Overseas territories, specially in Brazil. In the areas of difficult access and administration of Brazil, the office of juiz de fora was used as a means of control to prevent the adoption of measures conflicting with the interests of the Crown.
After the Restoration of the Independence, the Kingdom of Portugal concentrated all its effort in consolidating the newly recovered power, looking not to start unnecessary conflicts and Brazilian municipalities maintained their autonomy until the last years of the seventeenth century. The first juiz de fora in Brazil was appointed in 1696 in Salvador, beginning a transition phase that would last for over a hundred years.
The office was abolished after the establishment of the Constitutional Monarchy and the resulting separation of the executive and judicial powers. The judicial functions of the former juízes de fora were assumed by juízes de direito (judges of law), who do not have any political or administrative functions.
# Jeżowice

Jeżowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włoszczowa, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Włoszczowa and 53 km (33 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.
# Coloniales

Coloniales is an order of invertebrates belonging to the class Entoprocta.
Families:
# Juaneda

Juaneda is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Muntaner Juaneda (born 1983), Spanish track cyclist
* Julio Juaneda (1912–?), Argentine weightlifter
# Jeżowiec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Jeżowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kluczewsko, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Kluczewsko, 17 km (11 mi) north of Włoszczowa, and 52 km (32 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.
# Complete Set Limited Box

The Complete Set Limited Box is a box set released by South Korean pop group Tohoshinki. It is a series of two Japanese compilation albums released by the Avex sub-label Rhythm Zone on June 30, 2010, two months after former Tohoshinki members Jejung, Yuchun, and Junsu left the band to form JYJ. The first compilation album in the series, Complete: Single A-Side Collection, includes all A-side singles released by Tohoshinki since their Japanese debut in April 2005. The second album, the Single B-Side Collection, consists of twelve popular B-side tracks Tohoshinki released over the years. The two albums were compiled together in the exclusive Complete Set Limited Box, which was also released on June 30, 2010. The limited edition includes a 1,000-piece jigsaw puzzle.
The Complete album series marked the closing releases under their contract with Rhythm Zone.

## Chart performance

Complete: Single A-Side Collection debuted at number three on the weekly Oricon Albums Chart, selling 106,265 copies in sixteen weeks. Having shipped more than 100,000 copies, the album was certified gold in June 2010. The Single B-Side Collection debuted at number four on the same chart, selling 100,729 in thirteen weeks.

## Charts

| Chart (2010) | Peak position | Peak position |
| Chart (2010) | A-Side | B-Side |
| Japanese Albums Chart (Oricon) | 3 | 4 |
| South Korean Albums Chart (Gaon) | 8 | 7 |
| Taiwanese Albums Chart (G-Music) | 12 | 18 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Gold | 100,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label |
| Japan | June 30, 2010 | CD | rhythm zone |
| South Korea | July 9, 2010 | CD | S.M. Entertainment |
| Taiwan | July 9, 2010 | CD | Avex Taiwan |
| Hong Kong | July 15, 2010 | CD | Avex Asia |
# Richard Buhagiar

Richard Buhagiar (born 17 March 1972) is a retired footballer. Born in Australia, he represented the Malta national team. During his career, he played as a defender for Floriana, Sliema Wanderers, Marsaxlokk and Għajnsielem.

## International career

Buhagiar made his debut for Malta in a June 1991 friendly match against Indonesia, coming on as a 46th-minute substitute for Clyde Whitehead, and earned a total of 55 caps, scoring no goals. His final international was a March 2004 friendly match against Finland.

## Honours
### Floriana

* Maltese Premier League: 1
       1993
* FA Trophy: 2
       1993, 1994

### Għajnsielem

* Gozo Football League First Division: 1
       2005
# Chris Phoenix (nanotechnologist)

Chris Phoenix (born December 25, 1970) is the co-founder (with Mike Treder) and Director of Research of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (CRN), and has worked in the field of advanced nanotechnology for over 15 years. He obtained his BS in Symbolic Systems and MS in Computer Science from Stanford University in 1991. Since 2000, he has studied and written about molecular manufacturing. Phoenix, who lives in northern California, is a published author in nanotechnology and nanomedical research best known for his peer-reviewed paper, "Design of a Primitive Nanofactory", as well as his comprehensive outline of Thirty Essential Nanotechnology Studies. Phoenix has authored or co-authored many papers and essays published by the Society in connection with his work for CRN.
Phoenix also serves on the Scientific Advisory Board for Nanorex, Inc.
# Aleph-1 (album)

Aleph-1 is the fourth studio album by German electronic artist Alva Noto. The record was released on December 31, 2007, via iDeal Recordings label.

## Aleph 1

This is an eponymous album as he used one of his stage names, Aleph-1. The concept of the album and its name, Aleph-1, derive from the theories of German mathematician Georg Cantor, who was a teacher in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, a city, to which Alva Noto is deeply connected with through his family. In mathematical terms, $\aleph _{1}$ is the cardinality of the set of all countable ordinal numbers or a number of elements in endless successions.

## Reception

A reviewer of Boomkat stated "Always cause for no small amount of excitement, a new release from Carsten Nicolai tends to be a pretty significant event for the electronic music community. As suggested by the new moniker, the Aleph-1 project marks a departure from some of the more familiar Alva Noto approaches to composition, although these recordings do tie in to some extent with the rhythmic minimalism plotted out by Nicolai's older work, marking a step back from the more harmonic Xerrox material from last year. The most immediately striking aspect of this music is the presence of a pronounced melodic element, something that's previously barely featured in Nicolai's solo recordings. This manifests itself by replacing the abrupt prickling static soundset of the Transrapid/Transspray/Transvision triptych with more resonant, rounded tones, with simple, sustaining waves evolving gradually over the course of each piece within a network of looping, modulating phrases. This being Carsten Nicolai, the use of melody never makes itself too explicit, instead relying on a mesmeric, cumulative effect for its power. There's a subtlety and precision at work throughout Aleph-1, and after spending some time with these pieces you'll find yourself thoroughly absorbed by their awkward, immense beauty".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Alva Noto
# Abrasion

Abrasion may refer to:
* Abrasion (dental), the loss of tooth structure by mechanical forces from a foreign element
* Abrasion (medical), a wound consisting of superficial damage to the skin
* Abrasion (mechanical), the process of scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, or rubbing away
* Abrasion (geology), mechanical scraping of a surface by friction between moving particles
# Chago

Chago may refer to:
* Chago, a common name for the plant Mirabilis expansa
* Mathias Chago, Cameroonian-Croatian footballer
# Jennifer Nichols

Jennifer L. Nichols Hardy (born October 4, 1983) is an archer from the United States. She was born in Kansas City, Missouri. Nichols started archery when she was twelve years old and at fifteen she won the National Youth Archery Competition.

## 2004 Summer Olympics

Nichols represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics. She placed 19th in the women's individual ranking round with a 72-arrow score of 638. In the first round of elimination, she faced 46th-ranked Puspitasari Rina Dewi of Indonesia. Nichols defeated Puspitasari 160-141 in the 18-arrow match to advance to the round of 32. In that round, she faced 14th-ranked Ukrainian archer Tetyana Berezhna. Nichols won the match 163-160 in the regulation 18 arrows, advancing to the round of 16. She then lost to 3rd-ranked Yun Mi Jin of Korea 168-162, finishing 9th in women's individual archery. She has been featured in Vogue Magazine.

## 2008 Summer Olympics

At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing Nichols finished her ranking round with a total of 637 points. This gave her the 24th seed for the final competition bracket in which she faced Ika Yuliana Rochmawati in the first round, beating the archer from Indonesia with 114-101. In the second round she came close, but was unable to upset 9th seed Nami Hayakawa and lost the match with 105-103.

## 2012 Summer Olympics

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London Nichols lost out to Bishindi Urantagula of Mongolia in the round of sixteen.

## Personal life

Nichols married Chris Hardy in September 2012.
# Charles Banks

Charles Banks may refer to:
* Charles Arthur Banks (1885–1961), Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia
* Charles C. Banks (1893–1971), World War I flying ace
* Charles Eugene Banks (1852–1932), American newspaper editor and writer
* Charles L. Banks (1914–1988), United States Marine Corps general
* Charlie Banks (rugby league) (born 1923), Scottish-born Australian rugby league player
* Charlie Banks (One Life to Live), a fictional character on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live
* Charles Banks, co-owner of Screaming Eagle Winery and Vineyards
# Charles-Edmond Perrin

Charles-Edmond Perrin (18 October 1887 – 13 February 1974) was a French medieval historian, a professor at the University of Strasbourg and then the Sorbonne, and a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, of which he became president.
Born in Lorraine, he made a name above all for his basic research in archives concerning the feudal seigneurie in Lorraine and eastern France.
His intellectual biography of his former colleague at Strasbourg and Paris, Marc Bloch, long delayed by Perrin's duties at the Sorbonne, was published in 1948. His most famous pupil was Georges Duby, who absorbed and expanded Perrin's analytical techniques.

## Selected works

* Essai sur la fortune immobilière de l'abbaye alsacienne de Marmoutier aux 10e et 11e siècles, (Collection d'études sur l'histoire du droit et des institutions de l'Alsace, 10), 1935
* Recherches sur la seigneurie rurale en Lorraine d'après les plus anciens censiers (IXe-XIIe siècle) (Publications de la Faculté des lettres de l'Université de Strasbourg, 17) 1935
* L' Allemagne, l'Italie et la Papauté de 1125 a 1250, 1949
* Trois provinces de l'Est: Lorraine, Alsace, Franche-Comté, 1957
* Seigneurie rurale en France et en Allemagne du début du IXe à la fin du XIIe siècle, 1966
# Central Avenue Bridge

Central Avenue Bridge may refer to:
* Central Avenue Bridge (Batesville, Arkansas), listed on the NRHP in Arkansas
* Central Avenue Bridge (Kansas City, Kansas)
* Central Avenue Bridge (Minneapolis)
# Rescue (Younha album)

Rescue (stylized as RescuE) is a studio album released by South Korean singer Younha. It was released on December 27, 2017, through Loen Entertainment. It consists of eleven tracks, including the lead single "Rescue".

## Production

The album was produced by GroovyRoom.

## Charts

The album peaked at number 6 on the Gaon Albums Chart in 2017.

## Reception

Billboard ranked the album eighth in its list of the top 25 greatest K-pop albums of the 2010s, describing it as "a cathartic listening experience that reflected on hard times and hinted to the brightness beyond them".