OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Traugott Meissner

Paul Traugott Meissner (23 March 1778, Mediasch, Transylvania – 9 July 1864) was an Austrian chemist.
In 1797 he moved to Vienna, where he attended lectures given by Joseph Franz von Jacquin (1766-1839). Later, he continued his studies on a tour through Germany. He earned a degree as magister of pharmacy from the University of Pest, subsequently returning to Transylvania, where he took over management of a pharmacy in Kronstadt.
Beginning in 1815 he served as an adjunct at the newly founded Polytechnic Institute in Vienna, where shortly afterwards, he became a professor of technical chemistry. In 1842 he was appointed director of the department of general chemistry.
Best known for his research in the field of heating technology, he is credited with development of a hot-air central heating system. He conducted experiments with heating systems for steamships and railway carriages and also created a fuel-efficient cooking range. In 1820, Meissner's air heating system was tried out at a sugar refinery in Vienna.
Described as a free thinker, Meissner was known for his controversial views that made adversaries out of contemporaries that included Vienna technologist Johann Joseph von Prechtl (1778-1854). German chemist Justus Liebig (1803-1873) specifically blamed Meissner for what he perceived was the plight of Austrian chemistry. Since 1910, the Meißnergasse in the Donaustadt district of Vienna has been named in his honor.
# Sport in Lazarevac

Sport in municipality of Lazarevac, Serbia.

## Football

* FK Kolubara, Lazarevac
* ZFK LASK, Lazarevac
* FK Polet, Mirosaljci
* FK Turbina, Vreoci
* FK Napredak, Medoševac
* FK Radnicki, Rudovci
* FK Mladost, Čibutkovica
* FK Mladost, Cvetovac
* FK Mladost, Baroševac
* FK Rudar, Zeoke
* FK Šumadija, Mali Crljenci
* FK Šumadija, Šopić
* FK Strmovo, Strmovo
* FK Proleter, Vrbovno
* FK Mladost, Leskovac
* FK Bistrica, Bistrica
* FK Lasta, Lazarevac
* FK Mladi Radnik, Junkovac
* FK Šumadinac, Kruševica
* FK BSK, Brajkovac
* FK Burovo, Burovo
* FK Dimitrije Tucović, Šušnjar
* FK 20. Oktobar, Trbušnica
* FK Sloga, Lukavica
* FK Budućnost, Dudovica
* FK Sloboda, Stubica
* FK Mladi Borac, Županjac
* FK Stepojevac, Stepojevac
* FK Borac, Lazarevac
* OFK Sokolovo, Sokolovo

## Basketball

* KK Kolubara LA 2003, Lazarevac
* KK Stepojevac, Stepojevac
* KK Knez Lazar, Lazarevac
# Peacock Island

Peacock Island can refer to:
* Peacock Island (Connecticut) in Stratford, Connecticut, United States
* Umananda Island in Guwahati, Assam, India, called Peacock Island by the British
# Paul Seelig

Paul Seelig (5 October 1900 – 5 August 1931) was a Swedish actor. He appeared in about 15 roles in films 1913 and 1931. His film debut was in Mauritz Stiller's film En pojke i livets strid in 1913, when he was thirteen years old.
He was the son of the actor and tour leader Emil van der Osten (1848-1905) and the actress Lotten Lundberg-Seelig (1867-1924). Paul Seelig left Sweden in the late 1920s, first to film in Germany, then at Paramount in Paris. In the summer of 1931, he was killed in France, under yet-unknown circumstances.

## Selected filmography

* En pojke i livets strid (1913)
* A Wild Bird (1921)
* Vem dömer (1922)
* Johan Ulfstjerna (1923)
* The People of Simlang Valley (1924)
* Charles XII (1925)
* The Österman Brothers' Virago (1925)
* Min fru har en fästman (1926)
* Arnljot (1927)
* Trådlöst och kärleksfullt (1931)
* Generalen (1931)
# Sprankle

Sprankle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dale R. Sprankle (1898–1963), American sports coach and athletic director, brother of LeRoy
* LeRoy Sprankle (1894–1972), American high school sports coach and athletics advocate
# Pavle Ivić

Pavle Ivić (Serbian Cyrillic: Павле Ивић, pronounced; 1 December 1924 – 19 September 1999) was a Serbian South Slavic dialectologist and phonologist.

## Biography

Both his field work and his synthesizing studies were extensive and authoritative. A few of his best-known publications are:
* Die serbokroatischen Dialekte, ihre Struktur und Entwicklung, Gravenhage, Mouton, 1958
* Srpski narod i njegov jezik (The Serbian People and Their Language). Belgrade, 1971;
* Word and sentence prosody in Serbocroatian, by Ilse Lehiste and Pavle Ivić. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986.
He edited many periodicals and scholarly series, and was an important figure in the Slavic Linguistic Atlas project. He was an authority on the standardization of the Serbian language. He frequently lectured in the U.S. and other countries, and was an Honorary Member of the Linguistic Society of America.
A member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, he took part in the polemics accompanying the breakdown of 1945-1991 Yugoslavia. He was as signatory of the 1986 Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
He was married to Milka Ivić (1923-2011), a Slavic syntactician and professor.
# Sprent, Tasmania

Sprent is a rural locality and town in the local government area of Central Coast, in the North West region of Tasmania. It is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of the town of Devonport. The 2021 census recorded a population of 160 for the state suburb of Sprent.

## History

The locality was gazetted in 1965.

## Geography

The Wilmot River forms the south-eastern boundary, and the East Gawler River forms much of the western boundary.

## Road infrastructure

The B15 route (Castra Road) enters from the north-east and runs through to the south-west before exiting, where it then follows the western boundary for some distance. Route B16 (Kindred Road) starts at an intersection with B15 and runs east before exiting. Route C123 (Top Gawler Road) starts at an intersection with B15 and runs west and north before exiting.
# Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia

Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia is a genetic condition affecting the bones.
Types include:
* Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type
* Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita
* Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Pakistani type
# Sponge ground

Sponge grounds, also known as sponge aggregations, are intertidal to deep-sea habitats formed by large accumulations of sponges (glass sponges and/or demosponges), often dominated by a few massive species. Sponge grounds were already reported more than 150 years ago, but the habitat was first fully recognized, studied and described in detail around the Faroe Islands during the inter-Nordic BIOFAR 1 programme 1987–90. These were called Ostur (meaning "cheese" and referring to the appearance of the sponges) by the local fishermen and this name has to some extent entered the scientific literature. Sponge grounds were later found elsewhere in the Northeast Atlantic and in the Northwest Atlantic, as well as near Antarctica. They are now known from many other places worldwide and recognized as key marine habitats.
Sponge grounds are important habitats supporting diverse ecosystems. During a study of outer shelf and upper slope sponge grounds at the Faroe Islands, 242 invertebrate species were found in the vicinity and 115 were associated with the sponges. In general, fish fauna associated with sponge grounds are poorly known, but include rockfish and gadiforms. Sponge grounds are threatened, especially by bottom trawling and other fishing gear, dredging, oil and gas exploration and undersea cables, but potentially also by deep sea mining, carbon dioxide sequestration, pollution and climate change.

## Prehistoric sponge grounds

By studying spicules in sediments cores taken from sponge grounds on the slopes of the Flemish Cap and Grand Bank (off Newfoundland, Canada), scientists managed to detect the presence of sponges in the past. The oldest record for Geodiidae sponges in this region was found in a long core collected in the slope of the Grand Bank, where typical sterraster spicules were found in the top of a submarine landslide deposit older than 25 000 BP. Continuous presence of sponges was recorded on the southeastern region of the Flemish Cap as far as 130 000 BP. It seems the distribution range of the Geodiidae in this area significantly expended after the deglaciation.
# Sponge iron reaction

The sponge iron reaction (SIR) is a chemical process based on redox cycling of an iron-based contact mass, the first cycle is a conversion step between iron metal (Fe) and wuestite (FeO), the second cycle is a conversion step between wuestite (FeO) and magnetite (Fe$_3$O$_4$). In application, the SIT is used in the reformer sponge iron cycle (RESC) in combination with a steam reforming unit.

## Process description

The process has two modes, a reduction mode and an oxidation mode.

### Iron-wuestite

FeO + H $_2$ ↔ Fe + H $_2$O

### Magnetite-wuestite

Fe $_3$O $_4$ + H $_2$ ↔ 3FeO + H $_2$O

## Application

The reformer sponge iron cycle is a two step cycle to produce hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels based SIR and steam.

### Reformer sponge iron cycle

In the first step the hydrocarbon fuel is reformed to syngas in the reformer which is then used to reduce the iron oxide (magnetite—Fe$_3$O$_4$) to iron (wüstite—FeO), in the second step steam is utilized to re-oxidise the iron into magnetite and hydrogen. The iron oxide pellets are placed in a pelletbed and have a service life of several thousand redox cycles.
# Sponge isolates

Lacking an immune system, protective shell, or mobility, sponges have developed an ability to synthesize a variety of unusual compounds for survival. C-nucleosides isolated from Caribbean Cryptotethya crypta, were the basis for the synthesis of zidovudine (AZT), aciclovir (Cyclovir), cytarabine (Depocyt), and cytarabine derivative gemcitabine (Gemzar).
| Isolate | Source | Researched activity / Chemical description |
| 3-Alkylpyridinium (3-AP) | Haplosclerida | hemolytic and cytotoxic |
| Agosterol A | | anticancer |
| Aplyzanzine A | Aplysina sp. | |
| Avarol | Dysidea avara | antitumor, antimicrobial and antiviral effects |
| Aciculitin | Aciculites ciliate | antifungal cyclic peptide |
| Discodermin | Discodermia kiiensis | antimicrobial tetradecapeptide |
| Dysidenin | Lamellodysidea herbacea | Highly toxic |
| Girolline | Girolline | inhibits protein synthesis |
| Halichondrin B | Halichondria okadai Kadota (Miura Peninsula) | precursor to eribulin (Halaven) |
| Halicylindramide | Halichondria | antifungal peptide |
| Hymenamides | Phakellia fusca | proline-containing cyclopeptide |
| Hymenistatin | Phakellia fusca | bio-active proline-containing cyclopeptide |
| Hyrtinadine A | Hyrtios | bio-active bis-indole alkaloid |
| Manzamines | various sponge species | bio-active β-carbolines |
| Mirabamide | Siliquariaspongia mirabilis | antiviral depsipeptide |
| Neamphamide A | Neamphius huxleyi | antiviral depsipeptide |
| Onnamide A | Theonella swinhoei | cytotoxic, inhibits protein synthesis |
| Peloruside A | Mycale sp. (New Zealand) | cytotoxic / structurally similar to bryostatin |
| Phakellistatins | Phakellia fusca | proline-containing cyclopeptides |
| Phoriospongin | Phoriospongia and Callyspongia bilamellata | nematocidal compound |
| Plakevulin A | Plakortis | DNA polymerase inhibitor |
| Plakoridine A | Plakortis | |
| Polydiscamide B | Ircinia | the first example of a nonendogenous human SNSR (human sensory neuron-specific G protein couple receptor) agonist |
| Ptilomycalin A | Monanchora arbuscula | antifungal spirocyclic guanidine alkaloid / laccase and melanization inhibitor |
| Sceptrin | Agelas conifera | Antibiotic |
| Suberedamine | Suberea | |
| Theonellamide F | Theonella | antimicrobial/antifungal cytotoxic bicyclic dodecapeptide |
| Topsentolides | Topsentia | cytotoxic oxylipins |
| Xestoquinone | Xestospongia | Antimalarial, antifungal, and cytotoxic |
Semisynthetic analogs of the sponge isolate jasplakinolide, were submitted to National Cancer Institute’s Biological Evaluation Committee in 2011.

## Other marine isolates

Trabectedin, aplidine, didemnin, were isolated from sea squirts. Monomethyl auristatin E is a derivative of a dolastatin 10, a compound made by Dolabella auricularia. Bryostatins were first isolated from Bryozoa.
Salinosporamides are derived from Salinispora tropica. Ziconotide is derived from the sea snail Conus magus.
# Peerless Park, Missouri

Peerless Park is a former, disincorporated town located at the junction of Interstate 44 and Route 141 in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States. It was incorporated in 1935 and by the 1980s, the majority of the town was businesses and its population did not exceed 50. At the request of its citizens, the town was disincorporated on May 1, 1998.
The former Peerless Park has since been annexed by the City of Valley Park.
# Peeters Publishers

Peeters Publishers is an international academic publisher founded in Leuven in 1857, joining a tradition of book printing in Leuven dating back to the 15th century. Peeters publishes 200 new titles and 75 journals a year. Humanities and social sciences are the main fields of the publishing house, with series focusing on Biblical studies, Religious studies, Patristics, Classical and Oriental studies, Egyptology, Philosophy, Ethics, Medieval studies, and the Arts.

## History

In 1857 the Peeters family began its printing house and bookshop in the center of Leuven. The company grew rapidly and had more than 100 employees at the turn of the twentieth century.
The Fire of Leuven in 1914 destroyed the company. After the First World War, the family focused mainly on its bookshop. In 1960, Emmanuel Peeters took over the Imprimerie Orientaliste and brought the book printing business back to the Peeters family in Leuven.
To this day, the Peeters publishing house is still family-owned and has strongly internationalised its activities.
# Payment rail

A payment rail is a payment platform or a payment network that moves money from a payer to a payee. Either party could be a consumer or business, and both parties are able to move funds on the network. Credit card rails are the credit card payment system. Blockchain is considered a newer type of payment rail, as are centralized electronic payment systems such as PayPal, Venmo and Zelle. If the transferred funds are available immediately, a payment rail is referred to as a real-time rail.
# Payment of Existence

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Rock Hard (de) | (8/10) |
Payment of Existence is the third studio album by the Norwegian progressive/power metal band Communic.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Oddleif Stensland, arranged by Communic

## Personnel
### Communic

* Oddleif Stensland – lead vocals, lead guitar, rhythm guitar
* Erik Mortensen – bass
* Tor Atle Andersen – drums

### Production

* Recorded, mixed, and mastered by Jacob Hansen at Hansen Studios, Denmark.

## Technical information

Artwork by Jan Yrlund of Darkgrove Design.
# Pekok

The Pekok is a Karbi traditional item of dress, which is worn over the upper part of the body.
# Sportanlage Am Stern

The Sportanlage Am Stern is a football stadium in the south-east of Potsdam, Germany.
Fortuna Babelsberg play their home games here.
# Sportanlage Sandreutenen

Sportanlage Sandreutenen is a stadium in Münsingen, Switzerland. It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of FC Münsingen. The capacity is 1,400. The stadium has 200 seats and 1,200 standing places.
The stadium record attendance is 4'100 spectators and was made during a Swiss Cup tie on 14 September 2013. In 2013–14 Swiss Cup second round match between FC Münsingen and FC Basel as Basel won 1:0.
# Squibnocket Pond

Squibnocket Pond is a salt pond split between the towns of Chilmark, Massachusetts and Aquinnah, Massachusetts. Squibnocket Pond connects to Menemsha Pond via Herring Creek.

## History

Archeological exploration indicates that indigenous peoples of the Wampanoag tribe have inhabited the shores of Squibnocket and the neighboring ponds for approximately 10,000 to 7,500 years. In his 1969 book, Archaeology of Martha's Vineyard, William A Ritchie excavated and carbon-dated materials found in the shell middens and living sites around the Vineyard including Squibnocket Pond.

### Herring Creek

Herring creek is a historical herring run, fished by the Wampanoag peoples since time immemorial. The Blueback Herring and Alewife swim from the Atlantic Ocean into Menemsha Pond through the Herring Creek herring run and into Squibnocket Pond where they will spawn, usually beginning in mid March into June. The Herring Creek is owned and maintained by the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head with facilities that include a herring camera live feed and a hatchery.
# St. Lawrence Island famine

The St. Lawrence Island famine killed around 1000 people on St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea off the Alaskan mainland during the years 1878–1880. Possible causes may have been overfishing, disease, or negative aspects of settler contact.

## Background

In the late 19th century there were about 4,000 Central Alaskan Yupik and Siberian Yupik living in several villages on St. Lawrence Island. They subsisted by hunting walrus and whale and by fishing in the Bering Sea. A famine during the years 1878–1880 caused many to starve and many others to leave, drastically reducing the island's population. The revenue cutter USRC Thomas Corwin visited the island in 1880. After visiting multiple villages, the Thomas Corwin's crew estimated that out of 1500 remaining inhabitants, 1000 were found dead of starvation.
   I landed at a place on the northern shore ... in which, wrapped in their fur blankets on the sleeping platforms lay about 25 dead bodies of adults ... Some miles to the eastward, along the coast was another village, where there were 200 dead people. In a large house were found about 15 bodies placed one upon another like cordwood.
Survivors told of strange weather that prevented hunting and fishing in the ocean. News reports of the time put the blame on traders supplying the people with liquor, causing them to "neglect laying up their usual supply of provisions". Nearly all the remaining residents were Siberian Yupik. Other contributing factors were the excessive depletion and overfishing of ocean life, and the introduction of communicable diseases such as dysentery, measles, black tongue (anemia), scarlet fever, and vitaminosis.
Many villages on the island were totally depopulated by the famine. One such village, Kukulik, was abandoned and was totally destroyed by the elements. All that remains of the once vibrant village is a midden mound 800 feet (240 m) long, 135 feet (41 m) wide and up to 23 feet (7.0 m) high, the largest known kitchen midden in the Arctic. Other populations of the area experienced similar food shortages.

## Aftermath

Reindeer were introduced on the island on July 23, 1900, by Presbyterian missionary Sheldon Jackson in an attempt to prevent starvation and improve the Native Alaskans' "plight". The reindeer herd grew to about 10,000 animals by 1917 but has since declined. Reindeer are herded as a source of subsistence meat to this day.
President Theodore Roosevelt established a reindeer reserve on the island in 1903. This caused legal issues in the indigenous land claim process to acquire surface and subsurface rights to their land under the section 19 of Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA), as they had to prove that the reindeer reserve was set up to support the indigenous people rather than to protect the reindeer themselves.
# St. Lawrence Laurentians

The St. Lawrence Laurentians is a soccer club founded in 1904 and based in St. Lawrence, Newfoundland.
St. Lawrence is dubbed "Soccer Capital of Canada" due to its great success over the years. With a population of 1,350, the town has 9 organized soccer teams. The senior men's team hold the record for most all-time Newfoundland Challenge Cup wins with 29, including the competition's first season in 1967, and have represented their province numerous times at the Canadian National Challenge Cup (the winner of the Newfoundland Challenge Cup qualifies for the Canadian National Challenge Cup). The club also holds the record for most consecutive Newfoundland titles with 8 between 1995-2002.
The main pitch, St. Lawrence Centennial Soccer Field, is a municipal heritage site. On that basis, it was added to the national Register of Historic Places in 2005.
Labatt's is the club sponsor so the team is also known as St. Lawrence Labatt Laurentians

## Honours

* Newfoundland and Labrador Challenge Cup Champions (25) : 1967-68, 1971–72, 1975–78, 1980, 1982, 1993, 1995-2002, 2005-08, 2013, 2016
* Canadian National Challenge Cup silver medalists : 1975, 1977, 2002
* Canadian National Challenge Cup bronze medalists : 1999, 2007

## Sources

* CBC's Soccer Day in Canada
* ↑ "In a southern Newfoundland town, everyday is Soccer Day" (PDF). CBC News. 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
* ↑ "Newfoundland & Labrador Soccer Association- Challenge Cup Winners". Retrieved 2011-08-09.
* ↑ "St. Lawrence Centennial Soccer Field". Retrieved 2008-07-07.
* This article about a Canadian soccer club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Pell

Pell is a surname shared by several notable people, listed below
* Albert Pell
* Axel Rudi Pell (born 1960), German heavy metal guitar player and member of Steeler and founder of his own eponymous band
* Barney Pell
* Benjamin Pell
* Charles Pell (1874–1936), American college football coach
* Charley Pell (1941–2001), American college football player and coach
* Claiborne Pell (1918–2009), U.S. Senator from Rhode Island, serving six terms from 1961 to 1997, and sponsor of the Pell Grant, which provides financial aid funding to American college students
* Clay Pell
* Dave Pell (1925–2017), American jazz saxophonist and bandleader
* Ella Ferris Pell (1846–1922), American painter, sculptor, and illustrator
* Eva J. Pell (born 1948), American biologist, plant pathologist, and science administrator
* George Pell (1941–2023), Australian cardinal of the Catholic Church
* Harry Pell (born 1991), English professional footballer
* Herbert Pell (1884–1961), American Representative from New York, U.S. Minister to Portugal, U.S. Minister to Hungary, and an instigator and member of the United Nations War Crimes Commission
* Isabel Pell (1900–1951), American socialite and member of the French Resistance
* John Pell (mathematician) (1611–1685), English mathematician. See also Pell's equation
* Sir John Pell (landowner), his son, British-born American landowner
* John H. Pell, member of the Minnesota State Senate
* Morris Birkbeck Pell (1827–1879), American-Australian mathematician, professor, lawyer and actuary
* Olive Pell (1903–2002), Australian poet and librarian
* Paula Pell (born 1963), American writer, actress, comedian and producer
* Philip Pell (1753–1811), American politician and lawyer who served in the New York State Assembly and as a delegate for New York to the Confederation Congress.
* Thomas Pell (1608–1669), an English-born physician who emigrated to United States
* William Pell (tenor) (1947–2003), American opera singer
* William Pell (footballer) (1883-1915), English footballer
* William Pell (minister) (1634–1698), English minister