OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Industrial Bank of Korea

Industrial Bank of Korea (IBK; Korean: 중소기업은행; RR: Jungso Gieop Eunhaeng) is a state-owned bank headquartered in Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Under the Industrial Bank of Korea Act, IBK was established to promote small and medium-sized businesses and improve their economic status by providing an efficient credit system.

## International Locations

* Cambodia (Phnom Penh)
* Mainland China (Beijing, Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shenyang, Wuhan, Suzhou, Tianjin, and Yantai)
* Hong Kong (Hong Kong Island)
* India (New Delhi)
* Indonesia
* Japan (Tokyo)
* Myanmar (Yangon)
* Philippines (Metro Manila)
* Poland (Wrocław)
* United Kingdom (London)
* United States (New York)
* Vietnam (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh)
# Lasius pallitarsis

Lasius pallitarsis is a species of ant in the family Formicidae.
# Power Forward (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Power Forward is a studio album by Wayman Tisdale released in 1995 on Motown Records. The album reached No. 4 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart.
# Qissat Shakarwati Farmad

Qissat Shakarwati Farmad (alternatively Qissat Shakruti Firmad, literally "Tale of the Great Chera Ruler") is an Arabic manuscript of anonymous authorship. It is argued that the qissat is the oldest, most detailed, and comprehensive recorded version of the Cheraman Perumal legend (of south India).
The Cheraman Perumal legend traces the introduction of Islam on the Malabar Coast. All muslim sources from 1500 CE tell the story of a traditional Hindu spice trader from Kerala, called the Cheraman Perumal divided his spice trade among his family and business partners and sailed for Jeddah for the annual pilgrimage to the Syrian city of Petra and to the Kaaba in Mecca, the shrine of the Quraysh, in a pre-islamic predecessor to the Islamic hajj. He may have died on his return trade journey from Syria to Malabar Coast.
Shakarwati Farmad is an Arabic version of the medieval Indian royal title "Chakravarti Cheraman Perumal". The Chera (Spice Merchant) king is also referred in the text as "al-Sultan Shakrawati". The qissat is currently preserved in British Library (India Office Records, MS. Islamic 2807d, fols. 81a-104a).

## Versions of the legend

The later versions of the Cheraman Perumal legend are incorporated by
* Zayn al-Din Makhdum in Tuhfat al-Mujahidin (16th century CE)⁸ and in
* Ta'rikh-i Firishta (Persian, 17th century CE).
Varied versions of the legend can also be seen
* A number of medieval Kerala literary sources (such as Keralolpatti) and
* Portuguese chronicles.
* A Telugu version of the legend is also mentioned by some scholars.
As per scholar Y. Friedmann, the version famously narrated by Zayn al-Din Makhdum was directly derived from the qissat. Unlike some of the other versions of the legend, large portions of the qissat takes place after the king's death on Arabian coast.

## First mosques of Malabar according to the qissat

According to the qissat, the first mosque was built by Malik ibn Dinar in Kodungallur, while the rest of the mosques were founded by Malik ibn Habib.
| Location | Qadi |
| Kalankallur (Kodungallur) | Muhammad ibn Malik |
| Kulam (Kollam) | Hasan ibn Malik |
| Hili (Madayi) | 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Malik |
| Fakanur/Makanur (Barkur) | Ibrahim ibn Malik |
| Manjalur (Mangalore) | Musa ibn Malik |
| Kanjarkut (?Kasaragod) | Malik ibn Muhammad |
| Jurfatan/Jirfatan (Cannanore) | Shahab al-Din ibn 'Umar ibn Muhammad ibn Malik |
| Darmaftan (Dharmadam) | Hussayn ibn Muhammad ibn Malik al-Madani |
| Fandarinah (Panthalayani) | Sa'd al-Din ibn Malik al-Madani |
| Shaliyat (Chaliyam) | Zayn al-Din ibn Muhammad ibn Malik al-Madani |
# Staffordia daflaensis

Staffordia daflaensis is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Staffordiidae.
The specific name daflaensis is apparently according to its area of distribution, Dafla Hills in India.

## Distribution

The type locality of this species is "Shengorh Peak", 7,000 feet (2,100 m), Dafla Hills in India.
Godwin-Austen (1907) have found this species very abundant in Dafla Hills.

## Description

The shell is depressedly tumidly conoid, umbilicated, solid, rather flat on base. The sculpture is very regular, longitudinal, sharply defined, broad-ridged ribbing. Color is rich olivaceous with ochre tint. It vary in colour and size, often being of a pale ochraceous-grey tint. The spire is low, sides convex. The suture is shallow, adpressed. The shell has 6 whorls, that are rapidly increasing. The last whorl is rounded. The aperture is broadly ovate, oblique, milky white within. The peristome is acute, sinuous above and slightly so below, much reflected at umbilical margin. The columellar margin is very oblique and descending.
The width of the shell is 16.2-23.5 mm. The height of the shell is 8.0-9.4 mm.
# Walter Place

Walter Place may refer to:

## People

* Walter Place (footballer, born 1869), English association footballer for Burnley, Colne and Bacup
* Walter Place (footballer, born 1872), English association footballer for Burnley and Woolwich Arsenal

## Location

* Walter Place (Holly Springs, Mississippi), a historic mansion in Holly Springs, Mississippi, USA
# Ree Park – Ebeltoft Safari

Ree Park Safari is a safari park in Djursland on the peninsula of Jutland, Denmark. The safari park is the home of more than 800 animals of 80 species from 5 continents. This popular tourist attraction offers its guests a comprehensive insight into the life and behaviour of animals from Europe, Africa, North America, South America and Asia.

## History

The zoo was founded in 1991 by Frans Kilde Hansen and was named Ebeltoft Dyrepark. Ebeltoft Dyrepark was sold 1993 to Lars Thye and the name was changed to Ebeltoft Zoo. Merete and Henrik Elsass bought the zoo 1998 and changed the name to Ebeltoft Zoo & Safari. In 2006 the zoo was bought by Karsten Ree, and the zoo got its present name.
In 2007 Ree Park became member of DAZA and EAZA.

## Description

Welfare of wild animals in captivity is a key value in the vision of the park. This is why all the different species of the park live in surroundings tailored to meet their special needs and instinctive behaviour. The American black bears, for example, have access to both tall trees and lakes in order to facilitate their natural climbing and swimming behaviour. Similarly, the cheetahs live in a hilly bush savannah where these fast predators can spot e.g. antelopes in a different area of the park. This architectural feature of the park evokes instinctive hunting behaviour in the cheetahs even though the animals do not have access to their prey. In their natural African habitat, cheetahs often observe the savannah from hills and rocks enabling them to find their prey from a long distance.

## Focus on endangered species

Apart from offering its guests exciting wildlife experiences during the opening season, a major priority of Ree Park – Ebeltoft Safari is an extensive focus on endangered species. And as a member of EAZA (European Association os Zoos and Aquaria), the park has made important achievements within the EEP (European Endangered Species Programme). In 2007, 9 cheetahs were born in the park. This important contribution to species conservation made Ree Park – Ebeltoft Safari one of the largest centres for cheetahs in Northern Europe. Other examples of successful EEP work include the reintroduction of the endangered European bison into the wild, the breeding of the very rare sand cat, and promising work with the endangered African wild dog, one of the world's most endangered carnivores.
# Lake Barombi Mbo

Lake Barombi Mbo or Barombi-ma-Mbu is a lake near Kumba in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. It is located in the Cameroon volcanic chain, and is the largest volcanic lake in this region. It is one of the oldest radiocarbon-dated lakes in Africa, with the youngest lava flow in it being about one million years old. On old colonial maps the area was known as Elefanten Sea (Elephant Lake), but the elephants living in the area were extirpated due to ivory trading.

## Biology

Until now, 15 species of fishes have been recorded from the lake. Among others, this includes Labeobarbus batesii, a member of the Fundulopanchax mirabilis group, and the endemic catfish Clarias maclareni. Perhaps most noteworthy are the 11 species of cichlids that are endemic to the lake (Konia spp., Stomatepia spp., Myaka myaka, Pungu maclareni, Sarotherodon caroli, S. linnellii, S. lohbergeri, and S. steinbachi). These cichlids are commonly recognized as a prime example of sympatric speciation, but studies indicate that they were not the result of a single founding event. The lake is strongly stratified with essentially no oxygen deeper than 40 m (130 ft), meaning that fish are restricted to the upper parts closer to the surface. However, one of the cichlid species, Konia dikume, has an unusually high level of hemoglobin in its blood, allowing it to briefly enter low-oxygen water to feed on glassworms (Chaoborus). Other cichlid species in the lake include both generalist and specialist feeders. A highly unusual specialist is Pungu maclareni, which mainly feeds on the endemic sponge Corvospongilla thysi. All the Barombi Mbo cichlids are mouth brooders. In addition to the sponge, the lake is home to an endemic species of Caridina shrimp.
All the endemic fish are seriously threatened by pollution and sedimentation from human activities. They are potentially also threatened by large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) from the lake's bottom (compare Lake Nyos), although studies indicate that Barombo Mbo lacks excess amounts of this gas. Commercial fishing is forbidden in the lake. Nevertheless, extensive subsistence fishing has caused declines in the Barombi Mbo cichlids, but it is shifting to more sustainable practices.

## Gallery

* Lake Barombi, Crater Lake
* Full extent, Lake Barombi
* Side view of Lake Barombi, Kumba
# Meningeal branch

Meningeal branch (branch of the meninges) can refer to:
* Meningeal branches of vertebral artery
* Meningeal branch of occipital artery
* Meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery
* Meningeal branch of vagus nerve
* Meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve
* Meningeal branches of spinal nerve
# Solus

Solus may refer to:
* Solus or Soluntum, an ancient city of Sicily
* Solus (comics), an American comic book series
* Solus (operating system), an operating system based on the Linux kernel
* Solus (moth), a genus of moths in the family Saturniidae
* Solus (typeface), a serif typeface
* Solus, Western Australia, a locality in Western Australia
* McLaren Solus GT, a sports car
# Tarouca

Tarouca (European Portuguese pronunciation: ) is a municipality and a city in Viseu District in Norte Region and Douro Subregion in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 8,046, in an area of 100.08 km$^2$.
The city of Tarouca proper has about 3,400 residents; it was promoted to city in December 2004. The present mayor is Mário Caetano Teixeira Ferreira, elected by the Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is June 29.

## Parishes

Administratively, the municipality is divided into 7 civil parishes (freguesias):
* Gouviães e Ucanha
* Granja Nova
* Mondim da Beira
* Salzedas
* São João de Tarouca
* Tarouca e Dálvares
* Várzea da Serra

## Notable people

* José Leite de Vasconcelos (1858 in Ucanha, Tarouca – 1941) a Portuguese ethnographer, archaeologist and author who wrote extensively on Portuguese philology and prehistory.
# Preachership

A preachership was the title originally given to the Catholic congregations of men with superior education endowed (by laity or clergy) to give about a hundred sermons to the public as a result of local dissatisfaction with poor-quality sermons of the medieval church. These sermons were considered more important than the Eucharist.
Preacherships were found in Stuttgart, Reutlingen, Eisenach, and Jena. Many preachers in the towns as Stuttgart, Reutlingen, Eisenach, and Jena after 1517, became Protestant leaders, as they were attracted by Martin Luther's ideas during the Protestant Reformation.
# Wayne Au

Wayne Wah Kwai Au (born 1972) is an American educational researcher and professor in the School of Educational Studies at the University of Washington Bothell. Since August 1, 2022, he has also been the interim dean of the School of Educational Studies, a position he will hold until June 20, 2024. His research focuses on critical theory and the application of social justice in education.

## Education and career

The son of a white mother and a Chinese American father, Au graduated from Garfield High School in Seattle, Washington. He then attended Evergreen State College in Olympia, from which he earned his bachelor's degree in 1994 and his master's degree in 1996, both in teaching. In 2007, he earned his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He joined the faculty of the University of Washington Bothell (UWB) in 2010 after teaching at California State University, Fullerton for three years. From 2018 to 2020, he was the interim dean of diversity and equity at UWB.
# Wayne B. Thomas

Wayne B. Thomas (born January 24, 1969) is an American economist and Professor of Accounting at the University of Oklahoma who has specifically focused on market-based accounting research. He currently serves as Interim Dean of Price College of Business at the University of Oklahoma.

## Biography

Thomas studied accounting and obtained his BA in 1991 from Southwestern Oklahoma State University and his MS from Oklahoma State University, where in 1995 he also received his PhD.
After his graduation in 1996, Thomas joined the University of Utah as an associate professor in the accounting faculty. In 2000, he moved to the University of Oklahoma, where he was appointed John T. Steed Chair and Professor of Accounting. As of May 13, 2019, he was appointed interim dean of Price College of Business at the University of Oklahoma. Upon his appointment, students colloquially began to refer to the college of business as "Wayne's World", a reference to the popular 90s movie of the same name born out of the endearment many students, current and former, have for him.
Thomas' research interests are in a wide range of accounting topics, specifically "market-based accounting research, earnings management, time-series properties of earnings and earnings components, segment disclosures, financial statement analysis and international accounting issues."

## Selected publications

Thomas has authored and co-authored numerous publications.
* Herrmann, Don, and Wayne B. Thomas. "An analysis of segment disclosures under SFAS No. 131 and SFAS No. 14." Accounting Horizons 14.3 (2000): 287–302.
* Payne, Jeff L., and Wayne B. Thomas. "The implications of using stock-split adjusted I/B/E/S data in empirical research." The Accounting Review 78.4 (2003): 1049–1067.
* Herrmann, Don, Tatsuo Inoue, and Wayne B. Thomas. "The sale of assets to manage earnings in Japan." Journal of Accounting Research 41.1 (2003): 89–108.
* Hope, Ole-Kristian, and Wayne B. Thomas. "Managerial empire building and firm disclosure." Journal of Accounting Research 46.3 (2008): 591–626.
* Hope, Ole-Kristian, John Christian Langli, and Wayne B. Thomas. "Agency conflicts and auditing in private firms." Accounting, Organizations and Society (2012).
# Quantum weirdness

Quantum weirdness encompasses the aspects of quantum mechanics that challenge and defy human physical intuition.
Human physical intuition is based on macroscopic physical phenomena as are experienced in everyday life, which can mostly be adequately described by the Newtonian mechanics of classical physics. Early 20th-century models of atomic physics, such as the Rutherford–Bohr model, represented subatomic particles as little balls occupying well-defined spatial positions, but it was soon found that the physics needed at a subatomic scale, which became known as "quantum mechanics", implies many aspects for which the models of classical physics are inadequate. These aspects include:
* quantum entanglement;
* quantum nonlocality, referred to by Einstein as "spooky action at a distance"; see also EPR paradox;
* quantum superposition, presented in dramatic form in the thought experiment known as Schrödinger's cat;
* the uncertainty principle;
* wave–particle duality;
* the probabilistic nature of wave function collapse, decried by Einstein, saying, "God does not play dice".
# Quartier Captaine Danjou

Quartier Capitaine Danjou is a barracks in Castelnaudary in France. The barracks is home to the 4th Foreign Regiment of the French Army.
# Wayne Hammond

Wayne Hammond is the name of
* Wayne Hammond (field hockey) (born 1948), Australian field hockey player
* Wayne G. Hammond (born 1953), Tolkien scholar
* Wayne Hammond, Resiliency Expert Mental Health
# Qi River

The Qi River (Chinese: 祁水) is a left-bank tributary of the middle Xiang River, one of main tributaries of the Xiang in Hunan Province. It rises in the Simin Mountains (Chinese: 四明山) of Qidong County. Its main stream runs generally northwest to southeast through Shaoyang, Qidong and Qiyang counties, and it joins the Xiang in the west of Shuifumiao (Chinese: 水府庙) of Qiyang. The Qi River has a length of 114 kilometres (71 mi), with its tributaries, and has an drainage-basin area of 1,685 square kilometres (651 sq mi).
# Watupola

Watupola is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# Quebec Veto Reference

Quebec Veto Reference (officially, Reference: Objection by Quebec to a Resolution to amend the Constitution) [1982] 2 S.C.R. 793 is a Supreme Court of Canada opinion on whether there is a constitutional convention giving the province of Quebec a veto over amendments to the Constitution of Canada. The issue arose during patriation debates, after the Supreme Court ruled in the Patriation Reference that there is a constitutional convention requiring "a substantial degree of provincial consent" for amendments to the Constitution of Canada.
In November 1981, the Government of Quebec ordered that a reference be taken in the Quebec Court of Appeal, asking whether the consent of the Province of Quebec is required, by constitutional convention, for constitutional amendments affecting the legislative competence of the Quebec legislature, or the status or role of Quebec's government or legislature.
On April 7, 1982, the Quebec Court of Appeal answered in the negative. By that time, the Canada Act 1982 had already been passed by the UK Parliament, though not proclaimed in force. On April 13 the Attorney General of Quebec appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada, but on April 17 the Canada Act 1982 was proclaimed in force by the Queen.
In June 1982 the Supreme Court heard the appeal. On December 6 the court rendered judgement, upholding the opinion of the Quebec Court of Appeal that Quebec did not have a veto by constitutional convention.

## General references

* Russell, Peter H. (2011). "The Patriation and Quebec Veto References: The Supreme Court Wrestles with the Political Part of the Constitution". Supreme Court Law Review. Ottawa: LexisNexis Canada Inc.: 75–76. ISSN 0228-0108.
# Water microphone

A water microphone or water transmitter is based on Ohm's law that current in a wire varies inversely with the resistance of the circuit. The sound waves from a human voice cause a diaphragm to vibrate which causes a needle or rod to vibrate up and down in water that has been made conductive by a small amount of acid. As the needle or rod vibrates up and down in the water, the resistance of the water fluctuates which causes alternating current in the circuit. For this to work, the resistance of the water must vary substantially over the short distance the needle or rod vibrates. Acidulated water works well because only a small amount of acid is added. If one millimeter of acidulated water has a resistance of 100 ohms, two millimeters would have 200 ohms which would produce enough alternating current to transmit audio signals in thousands of feet of wire. Mercury will not work because the resistance of one millimeter of mercury is less than a tenth of an ohm and vibration of a needle in mercury would produce negligible alternating current.
Elisha Gray reasoned that a metal rod vibrating up and down in acidulated water would alternately lengthen and shorten the small distance between the bottom end of the rod and a metal plate at the bottom of the glass container holding the water. This is the invention described in Gray's caveat. When Alexander Bell's lawyer heard that Gray had described a vibrating rod in a liquid to vary the resistance, he added a claim for variable resistance in a draft of Bell's unfiled patent application and added an additional seven sentences that mentioned mercury as the liquid. The lawyer knew that Bell had experimented with a wire dipped in mercury to provide a flexible electrical switch.
On March 10, 1876, when Bell and Watson tested their first successful water transmitter, Bell used a needle in the water to minimize the inertial mass moved by the diaphragm and relied on variable resistance in the meniscus of the water on the needle. The depth of the needle made little difference.
Other minor variations and improvements were made to the liquid microphone by Majoranna, Chambers, Vanni, Sykes, and Elisha Gray.
Although the water microphone was commercially impractical, the variable resistance feature inspired Thomas Edison to experiment with dry carbon (graphite and amorphous) to provide the variable resistance. The Edison transmitter with later improvements was used for more than 60 years.
# Waterloo, New Kent County, Virginia

37°35′45″N 77°10′4″W﻿ / ﻿37.59583°N 77.16778°W﻿ / 37.59583; -77.16778 Waterloo is an unincorporated community in New Kent County, Virginia, United States.
# Waul's Legion

Waul's Legion was a combined arms force from Texas that fought for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Raised in the spring of 1862 at the Glenblythe Plantation near Gay Hill, Washington County, Texas by Brigadier General Thomas Neville Waul, the legion originally consisted of twelve infantry companies, six cavalry companies, and a six-gun battery of artillery.
Waul's Legion participated in the Battle of Vicksburg as part of Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton's Army of Mississippi.

## Waul's Legion at Vicksburg

Waul's Texas Legion is known for repelling the Union Army breach of Confederate lines during Ulysses S. Grant's largest and final organized assault on the "Fortress City" of Vicksburg, on May 22, 1863. After Union troops, most notably the 77th Illinois, under the command of John Alexander McClernand, successfully penetrated the Confederate defenses, McClernand urged Grant to follow with his own assault. Unsure of the accuracy of the message, Grant failed to act. Waul's Legion, seeing the Union breach, rushed in. After hours of intense hand-to-hand combat, the Legion put the Union troops to flight and captured two Union banners which had been placed on the fortress parapets. By the time Grant realized there had been a definitive breach of the enemy fortifications, it was too late; Waul's Texas Legion had saved the day. The angered Grant, believing McClernand had recklessly chased glory and thus caused an unnecessary loss of Union soldiers, relieved the politician-general from his post.
As this was the second failed assault to capture Vicksburg by storm, Grant decided to starve the Army of Mississippi into submission. After 47 days cut off from food and supplies, the defenders of Vicksburg were forced to surrender to Grant's Army of the Tennessee on July 4, 1863.
Composition of Waul's Legion at Vicksburg:
* 1st Infantry Battalion: Maj. Eugene S. Bolling
* 2nd Infantry Battalion: Lt. Col. James Wrigley
* The Zouave Battalion: Capt. J.B. Fleitas
* Artillery Battery: Capt. John Q. Wall
* Cavalry Detachment: Lt. Thomas J. Cleveland
* Attached companies:
** Company C, 1st Tennessee Cavalry: Capt. Richard S. Vandyke
** Botetourt Virginia Artillery: Capt. John W. Johnston, Lt. Francis G. Obenchain
** Signal Corps Detachment: Lt. C.H. Barrott