OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shirley Spragge

Shirley Spragge (July 27, 1929 – August 11, 1995) was a Canadian archivist and academic who served as the head of the Queen's University Archives from 1992 to 1994.

## Early life and education

Spragge was born July 22, 1929, in Toronto, Ontario. She completed a degree in history at the University of Toronto in 1952. While there she was a member of various clubs including modern history, music and athletics.$^{:312}$ After studying archives administration at Public Archives of Canada, she completed an MA in history at Queen's University in 1974. Spragge obtained her PhD at Queen's in 1986.

## Career

Spragge worked at the Cornell University Archives in the 1970s. She joined the Queen's University Archives in 1979, where she worked while completing her PhD. She was named Queen's University Archivist in 1992, succeeding Anne MacDermaid.
In addition to her roles at Queen's Spragge served as the diocesan archivist for the Diocese of Ontario of the Anglican Church. She was the Book Review Editor of Archivaria from 1993 to 1995.

## Personal life

Spragge married Godfrey Spragge in November 1953 in Toronto. Together they had two children. Her father-in-law, George Warburton Spragge, was the Archivist of Ontario from 1950 to 1963.
Spragge died August 11, 1995, in Kingston.

## Legacy

In 1998 the Archives Association of Ontario established the Shirley Spragge Fund to support educational pursuits in the archival profession. Restructured and renamed in 2014, the Shirley Spragge Bursary is awarded annually to assist a successful applicant with annual AAO conference attendance costs.

## Select publications

* Spragge, Shirley (23 October 1995). "The Abdication Crisis: Are Archivists Giving Up Their Cultural Responsibility?". Archivaria: 173–181. ISSN 1923-6409.
* Spragge, Shirley (1 January 1990). ""One Parchment Book at the Charge of the Parish…": A Sample of Anglican Record Keeping". Archivaria. 30. ISSN 1923-6409.
* Spragge, Shirley (1 January 1985). "The "Good Americans" Two Hundred Years Later". Archivaria. 21: 191–197. ISSN 1923-6409.
# The Return of the Spirit

The Return of the Spirit may refer to:
* The Return of the Spirit (miniseries), a 1977 Egyptian television miniseries, based on the novel
* The Return of the Spirit (novel), a 1927 novel by Tawfiq Al Hakim
# SS Europa

A number of steamships have been named SS Europa after the continent of Europe:
* SS Europa (1922), a 16,504-ton ocean liner in Europe—North America immigrant service in 1950–51 (formerly SS Mongolia (1922))
* SS Europa (1928), an ocean liner operated by the North German Lloyd 1930–1945
# Non-nucleophilic base

As the name suggests, a non-nucleophilic base is a sterically hindered organic base that is a poor nucleophile. Normal bases are also nucleophiles, but often chemists seek the proton-removing ability of a base without any other functions. Typical non-nucleophilic bases are bulky, such that protons can attach to the basic center but alkylation and complexation is inhibited.

## Non-nucleophilic bases

A variety of amines and nitrogen heterocycles are useful bases of moderate strength (pK$_a$ of conjugate acid around 10-13)
* N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, also called Hünig's Base), pK$_a$ = 10.75
* 1,8-Diazabicycloundec-7-ene (DBU) - useful for E2 elimination reactions, pK$_a$ = 13.5
* 1,5-Diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-5-ene (DBN) - comparable to DBU
* 2,6-Di-tert-butylpyridine, a weak non-nucleophilic base pK$_a$ = 3.58
* Phosphazene bases, such as t-Bu-P$_4$
Non-nucleophilic bases of high strength are usually anions. For these species, the pK$_a$s of the conjugate acids are around 35–40.
* Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), pK$_a$ = 36
* Silicon-based amides, such as sodium and potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (NaHMDS and KHMDS, respectively)
* Lithium tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP or harpoon base)
Other strong non-nucleophilic bases are sodium hydride and potassium hydride. These compounds are dense, salt-like materials that are insoluble and operate by surface reactions.
Some reagents are of high basicity (pK$_a$ of conjugate acid around 17) but of modest but not negligible nucleophilicity. Examples include sodium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide.

## Example

The following diagram shows how the hindered base, lithium diisopropylamide, is used to deprotonate an ester to give the enolate in the Claisen ester condensation, instead of undergoing a nucleophilic substitution.
This reaction (deprotonation with LDA) is commonly used to generate enolates.
# South Oak Bay

South Oak Bay is a neighbourhood located in the Municipality of Oak Bay, British Columbia, to the south of Oak Bay Avenue and lying east of the boundary between Oak Bay and Victoria, British Columbia.

## History

The neighbourhood was originally the territory of the Songhees aboriginal people who lived generally in the southeastern part of what is today Greater Victoria. In the mid-19th century the land that today comprises South Oak Bay was divided between Isabella Ross, Joseph Despard Pemberton and William Henry McNeill. The McNeill property was located between present day McNeill Avenue and McNeill or Shoal Bay
One of the early buildings in the neighbourhood was the Mount Baker Hotel, built in 1893 on Beach Drive and looking toward Mount Baker, Washington. South Oak Bay remains primarily residential, with a large area of the neighbourhood forming part of the Victoria Golf Club. Residential development followed the arrival of the streetcar, including the B.C. Electric line in 1890. Windsor Park was established in 1890 as the Oak Bay Recreation Park. The Victoria Golf Club, was founded in 1893. In 1895 the Victoria Railway and Electric Lighting Company established a bicycle racing track at what is now Windsor Park to encourage use of the streetcar system. Although residential development began in the early 20th century, much of the housing dates from the period between 1920 and 1970.
The Oak Bay breakwater was built in 1959 funded by the federal government, Oak Bay Marina was opened in 1964, and replaced the Oak Bay Boat House built in 1893.

### Chinese Cemetery at Harling Point

In 1903 the Chinese Consolidate Benevolent Association in Victoria purchased land at Harling Point for a cemetery. Between 1903 and 1908 Chinese graves in the Ross Bay Cemetery were opened, the bodies exhumed and transferred to the Chinese Cemetery about 2 km (1 mi) away. The Cemetery remained in use until the 1950s when it was closed. In 1996 the Federal Government of Canada declared the Chinese Cemetery at Harling Point a National Historic Site.

## South Oak Bay today

There is a small commercial area on Central Avenue at St. Patrick, and another grouping of commercial premises near the intersection of Windsor Avenue and Newport Avenue, near the Oak Bay Marina. Municipal parks in the neighbourhood include Anderson Hill Park, Lafayette Park and Windsor Park. The Capital Regional District also maintains a park in the neighbourhood, Gonzales Hill Park.
The neighbourhood's public elementary school, Monterey Elementary, became a middle school in 2006. St. Michael's University School Junior School campus is located on Victoria Avenue.

## Notable institutions

* Oak Bay Marina
* Victoria Golf Club
* Oak Bay Beach Hotel
# Zuojiatang

Zuojiatang (Chinese: 左家塘街道; pinyin: Zuǒjiātáng Jiēdào) is an urban subdistrict, located on the northwest of Yuhua District in Changsha City, Hunan Province, China. The subdistrict has borders with Shazitang Subdistrict to the south, Gaoqiao Subdistrict to the east, Wenyilu Subdistrict of Furong District to the north, Dingwangtai and Wenyilu Subdistricts of Tianxin District to the west. It covers 7.8 km$^2$ (3.0 sq mi) with a population of roughly 170,000, as of 2010 census population of 128,641.
# Müllenbach (disambiguation)

Müllenbach is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Müllenbach, Muellenbach or Mullenbach may also refer to:

## People with the name

* Alexander Mullenbach (born 1949), Luxembourg pianist, composer and conductor
# Lohmann

Lohmann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dietrich Lohmann (1943–1997), German cinematographer
* Fred von Lohmann, American lawyer
* George Lohmann (1865–1901), English cricketer
* Hanns-Heinrich Lohmann (1911–1995), German Obersturmbannführer, in the Waffen SS during World War II
* Hans Lohmann (1863–1934), German zoologist
* Hans Lohmann (archaeologist) [de] (born 1947), German classical archaeologist
* Henry Lohmann (1924–1967), Danish film actor
* Karl Baptiste Lohmann (1887-1963), Professor, Author, Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning at University of Illinois.
* Julia Lohmann (born 1977), German multidisciplinary designer
* Juliana Lohmann (born 1989), Brazilian actress and model
* Katie Lohmann (born 1980), American model and actress
* Lúcia Garcez Lohmann (IPNI Abbreviation: L.G.Lohmann), a botanist
* Ludger Lohmann (born 1954), German classical organist
* Martin B. Lohmann (1881–1980), American politician and businessman
* Nicolai Johan Lohmann Krog (1787–1856), Norwegian politician
* Paul Lohmann (1926-1995), cinematographer
* Sydney Lohmann (born 2000), German footballer
* Ulf Lohmann, German electronic music producer
* Walter Lohmann (1878–1930) German marine officer who gave name to the Lohmann Affair
* Walter Lohmann (1911–1993) German cyclist
* Wilhelmine Lohmann (1872-?), German teacher, social worker, and temperance leader

## Fictional characters

* Karl Lohmann, fictional German detective
# Jawbone (film)

Jawbone is a 2017 British drama film directed by Thomas Q. Napper and written by Johnny Harris. The film stars Johnny Harris, Ray Winstone, Ian McShane, Michael Smiley. The film was released on 12 May 2017 by Vertigo Films.

## Cast

* Johnny Harris as Jimmy McCabe
* Ray Winstone as William Carney
* Ian McShane as Joe Padgett
* Michael Smiley as Eddie
* Luke J.I. Smith as Damian Luke

## Plot

Jimmy (Johnny Harris) is an alcoholic at a difficult time in life, single and about to be homeless. However, he has the ability to fight and utilises his skill to engage in a dangerous but well-paid illegal bout that offers him a chance to get back on his feet.

## Production

Principal photography began on 29 February 2016, with filming locations including Birmingham and Stoke-on-Trent.

## Release

The film was released on 12 May 2017 by Vertigo Films.

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 96% based on 27 reviews, with an average rating of 7.23/10.
Wendy Ide of The Observer gave it 4 out of 5 and wrote: "The familiar boxing movie trajectory doesn't lessen the forceful punch of this underdog story."
# Tiny Broken Heart

Tiny Broken Heart is a song written by Charlie Louvin and Ira Louvin. Writing credit is shared by the musician, 'Smilin' Eddie Hill' who brought the song (among others) to Fred Rose and added his own name as coauthor. The Louvin Brothers recorded it in 1956 for their first album, Tragic Songs of Life.
The song tells the story of a young farm boy's love for the daughter of a neighboring farm worker. It is written from the unusual perspective of the seven-year-old protagonist.

## Cover versions

* Hazel Dickens & Alice Gerrard for one of their 1960s recordings. A remastered version appears on Pioneering Women of Bluegrass, (1996, Smithsonian Folkways).
* Doc Watson also recorded the song in the early sixties, but did not release it. Later it emerged on Songs From the Southern Mountains (1994, Sugar Hill)
* The Bluegrass Cardinals, for their Home is Where the Heart Is (1984, Sugar Hill).
* Dan Tyminski included it on his solo album, Carry Me Across the Mountain (2000, Doobie Shea) and performed it with Alison Krauss and Union Station for Live (2002, Rounder)
# Shortcut (magazine)

Shortcut is a Swedish-language magazine and meeting place centred on work and lifestyle. The magazine was established in January 1999. It is published bimonthly and aims at people with higher education, entrepreneurs, free agents and self-taught people.
# The Penguin History of Europe

The Penguin History of Europe is a popular book series about the history of Europe, published by Penguin Books.
The series includes:
* The Birth of Classical Europe: A History from Troy to Augustine (2011) by Simon Price and Peter Thonemann
* The Inheritance of Rome: Europe 400–1000 (2010) by Chris Wickham
* Europe in the High Middle Ages (2004) by William Chester Jordan
* Renaissance Europe (Forthcoming) by Anthony Grafton
* Christendom Destroyed: Europe 1517–1648 (2015) by Mark Greengrass
* The Pursuit of Glory: Europe 1648–1815 (2008) by Tim Blanning
* The Pursuit of Power: Europe 1815–1914 (2017) by Richard J. Evans
* To Hell and Back: Europe 1914–1949 (2015) by Ian Kershaw
* The Global Age: Europe 1950–2017 (2020) by Ian Kershaw
# Sadık Yemni

Sadık Yemni (born 1951) is a Turkish-Dutch science fiction writer. Yemni is the author of 22 novels published in the Turkish language, as well as a variety of short stories, essays, plays, and film scripts. He is known particularly for De roos van Amsterdam ("The rose of Amsterdam").

## Biography

Yemni was born in Istanbul, Turkey, but moved with his parents to İzmir when he was still a baby. He studied Chemistry at Ege University, before emigrating to Amsterdam. He developed an interest in literature while working on the railways. Yemni's literary debut was a collection of stories in Turkish on the lives of guest workers. Though he writes in Turkish and publishes in both languages, his novels are oriented primarily towards the Dutch market. Yemni's works include the 1987 short stories De ijzerensnavel – verhalen, the 1991 story De geest van de brug, the 1992 play Het station, and the novels De roos van Amsterdam (1993), De ridders van Amsterdam (1994) and De amulet (1995). His last novel, Çağrılan: KarsH (2019), is the first Turkish Sufi Science Fiction (Su-Fi).
# Çamlıbel, Oltu

Çamlıbel is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Oltu, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 193 (2022).
# Rouilly-Sacey

Rouilly-Sacey (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
# Lophiobagrus

Lophiobagrus is a genus of catfish in the family Claroteidae. They are endemic to Lake Tanganyika in Africa.

## Species

There are currently four recognized species in this genus:
* Lophiobagrus aquilus R. M. Bailey & D. J. Stewart, 1984
* Lophiobagrus asperispinis R. M. Bailey & D. J. Stewart, 1984
* Lophiobagrus brevispinis R. M. Bailey & D. J. Stewart, 1984
* Lophiobagrus cyclurus (Worthington & Ricardo, 1937) – African bullhead
# Oratemnus distinctus

Oratemnus distinctus is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Atemnidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1948 by Austrian arachnologist Max Beier.

## Distribution and habitat

The species has been recorded from New South Wales and Western Australia. The type locality is simply given as “New South Wales”.

## Behaviour

The pseudoscorpions are terrestrial predators.
# John Palazeti

John Palazeti (born December 17, 1952) is a former American football fullback and linebacker who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL).

## Early life

Palazeti was born and grew up in Detroit, Michigan and attended Assumption College School in Windsor, Ontario as a boarding student.

## College career

Palazeti was a four year member of the Richmond Spiders and a three year starter. As a senior he was named team captain and rushed for 130 yards and caught a touchdown pass in a 28-24 near upset of Georgia. Palazeti finished his collegiate career with 267 carries for 1,112 yards and eight touchdowns and 25 receptions for 200 yards and one touchdown.

## Professional career

Because he attended high school in Canada, Palazeti was designated a non-import player and was selected as a territorial exemption in the 1976 CFL draft by the Ottawa Rough Riders. He played primarily linebacker and was featured at fullback throughout his career. As a rookie, Palazeti was a member of the Rough Riders Grey Cup championship team. Following the end of the season Ottawa traded him to the Calgary Stampeders. Palazeti was traded to the Montreal Concordes in 1982. He returned to Calgary in 1983, but was traded again to the Toronto Argonauts and was a member of the team when they won the Grey Cup at the end of the season.

## Personal life

Palazeti's brother Joe also played football at Richmond and his brother Marty played college football at Marshall University and in the CFL for two seasons. His nephew, Vinnie Palazeti, played college football at Ball State.
# The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers

The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers is a reference book for recreational mathematics and elementary number theory written by David Wells. The first edition was published in paperback by Penguin Books in 1986 in the UK, and a revised edition appeared in 1997 (ISBN 0-14-026149-4).

## Contents

The entries are arranged in increasing order of magnitude, with the exception of the first entry on −1 and i. The book includes some irrational numbers below 10 but concentrates on integers, and has an entry for every integer up to 42. The final entry is for Graham's number.
In addition to the dictionary itself, the book includes a list of mathematicians in chronological sequence (all born before 1890), a short glossary, and a brief bibliography. The back of the book contains eight short tables "for the benefit of readers who cannot wait to look for their own patterns and properties", including lists of polygonal numbers, Fibonacci numbers, prime numbers, factorials, decimal reciprocals of primes, factors of repunits, and lastly the prime factorization and the values of the functions φ(n), d(n) and σ(n) for the first hundred integers. The book concludes with a conventional, alphabetical index.

## Reviews

In a review of several books in The College Mathematics Journal, Brian Blank described it as "a charming and interesting book", and the Chicago Tribune described the revised edition as "a fascinating book on all things numerical". By contrast, Christopher Hirst called it "a volume which none but propeller-heads will find either curious or interesting" in a review of another book in The Independent.

## Style

Beside the serious mathematics and number theory, Wells occasionally makes humorous or playful comments on the numbers he is discussing. For example, his entry for the number 39 largely consists of a joke involving the interesting number paradox:
    39
    This appears to be the first uninteresting number, which of course makes it an especially interesting number, because it is the smallest number to have the property of being uninteresting.
    It is therefore also the first number to be simultaneously interesting and uninteresting. (pg. 120)
# Nehrəm mine

The Nehrəm mine is a large salt mine located in south-western Azerbaijan in Babek District, close to Nehrəm. Nehrəm is one of the largest salt reserves in Azerbaijan and has estimated reserves of 2.5 billion tonnes of Sodium chloride (NaCl).
# The Space Negros

The Space Negros was a late 1970s experimental rock band that disbanded, and regrouped in the early 1980s.
The Space Negros began as an avant-garde four-person Boston-based group in the late 1970s. Composer-pianist Erik Lindgren was the head of this ensemble. One of the band's records was a reissue of a 1980 release.
# Spahija

Spahija is a Kosovo Albanian surname of Persian origin derived from the word spahi (سپاهی, sepâhi; horseman, soldier), that entered Albanian from the Turkish adaption Sipahi (horseman, cavalryman). Notable people with the surname include:
* Hrvoje Spahija (born 1988), Croatian footballer
* Neven Spahija (born 1962), Croatian basketball coach
# Çayırköy, Osmancık

Çayırköy is a village in the Osmancık District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 137 (2022).
# Rouilly

Rouilly (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
# Lophiocarpaceae

The Lophiocarpaceae are a family of flowering plants comprising mostly succulent subshrubs and herbaceous species native to tropical to southern sub-Saharan Africa to western India. It includes the genera Corbichonia and Lophiocarpus. The family is newly recognized through research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III system to deal with long-standing phylogenetic difficulties in placing various genera within the Caryophyllales.
# Orania simonetae

Orania simonetae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia.
# John Moon

John Moon may refer to:
* John A. Moon (1855–1921), U.S. Representative from Tennessee
* John W. Moon (1836–1898), U.S. Representative from Michigan
* John P. Moon (born 1938), Apple Computers executive
* John B. Moon (1849–1915), American lawyer and politician in the Virginia House of Delegates
* John Moyne or Moon, MP for Calne
# Sialectasis

Sialectasis (also termed sialectasia, or siadochiectasis) is cystic dilation of the ducts of salivary glands. It may be caused by salivary duct strictures or stones (sialolithiasis). It can also rarely be congenital.
# Rank, Nepal

Rank is a village development committee in Rolpa District in the Rapti Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4442 people living in 665 individual households.
# The Sibyl (play)

The Sibyl, or The Elder Brutus is a tragedy by the English writer Richard Cumberland. Written but not performed or printed in his lifetime, it was included in the posthumous collections of his works published in 1813. Inspired by the Cumaean Sibyl, it depicts the overthrow of the Roman monarchy. On 3 December 1818 it premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London. John Howard Payne substantially reworked the piece for production while Edmund Kean played the role of Brutus. It was performed and published under the title Brutus.
# Sparksville, Indiana

Sparksville is an unincorporated community in Carr Township, Jackson County, Indiana.

## History

Sparksville was platted in 1857. The community was named in honor of Stephen Sparks, who had operated a ferry near the town site. A post office was established at Sparksville in 1856, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1956. A ferry bridge was built east of Sparksville in 1890.

## Geography
### Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Sparksville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
# Zurite District

Zurite District is one of nine districts of the province Anta in Peru.

## Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (61.82%) learnt to speak in childhood, 37.96% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).

## Climate

Climate data for Anta Ancachuro, elevation 3,324 m (10,906 ft), (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.1 (68.2) | 19.9 (67.8) | 20.1 (68.2) | 20.5 (68.9) | 20.8 (69.4) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.6 (69.1) | 21.0 (69.8) | 20.9 (69.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 21.3 (70.3) | 20.4 (68.7) | 20.6 (69.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) | 5.9 (42.6) | 5.4 (41.7) | 3.2 (37.8) | −1.4 (29.5) | −4.0 (24.8) | −4.3 (24.3) | −2.4 (27.7) | 0.6 (33.1) | 3.4 (38.1) | 4.5 (40.1) | 5.3 (41.5) | 1.8 (35.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 192.1 (7.56) | 190.9 (7.52) | 147.5 (5.81) | 39.1 (1.54) | 8.1 (0.32) | 6.4 (0.25) | 7.3 (0.29) | 9.5 (0.37) | 20.7 (0.81) | 72.5 (2.85) | 98.9 (3.89) | 171.2 (6.74) | 964.2 (37.95) |
| Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru ||||||||||||||
# Məşədiqulular

40°40′N 45°33′E﻿ / ﻿40.667°N 45.550°E﻿ / 40.667; 45.550
Məşədiqulular (also, Meshadikulular) is a village in the Tovuz Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Göyəbaxan.