OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Journal of Victorian Culture

The Journal of Victorian Culture is a quarterly academic journal of cultural history. Established in 1996 and published by Oxford University Press, it tries to promote the best work on all aspects of nineteenth-century society, culture, and the material world including: literature, art, performance, politics, science, medicine, technology, lived experience, and ideas. The journal welcomes submissions, which address a broad Victorian studies readership and explore new questions and approaches. Concerned with the long nineteenth century, its legacies, and echoes in the present day, the journal encourages articles which interrogate periodization, historiography and critical traditions.
The Journal of Victorian Culture's editors are Trev Broughton (University of York), Nancy Henry (University of Tennessee, Knoxville), Alastair Owens (Queen Mary University of London), and Jane Hamlett (Royal Holloway, University of London). The Journal of Victorian Culture is also supported by a vibrant online supplement, which is edited by Lucinda Matthews-Jones (Liverpool John Moores University).
# Saffar (surname)

Saffar (from Arabic saffār صَفَّار 'coppersmith') is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Ibn as-Saffar (died 1035), Arab Andalusian astronomer
* Ayesha Saffar (1078–1153), Iranian Muslim woman narrator
* Ammar al-Saffar(born 1956, abducted 2006), Deputy Health Minister of Iraq
* Hassan al-Saffar (born 1958), Shi'a scholar from Qatif, Saudi Arabia
* Hossein Saffar Harandi (born 1953), Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance of Iran until 26 July 2009
* Jamal Al-Saffar (born 1971), Saudi Arabian sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres
* Saeed-Al-Saffar (born 1968), cricketer who has represented the UAE at international level
* Yoav Saffar (born 1975), Israeli basketball player
# Manuel Ángel Núñez Soto

Manuel Ángel Núñez Soto (born January 30, 1951) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Revolutionary Institutional Party (PRI). He is a former governor of Hidalgo.
Núñez Soto received a bachelor's degree in economics from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and specialized in public administration, commerce and finance at the Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale of Italy and at the École nationale d'administration in France.
In 1971 he started a career in the public sector by joining the Secretariat of Industry and Commerce (nowadays Secretariat of Economy). Later on he joined the Mexican Institute of Foreign Trade (in Spanish: Instituto Mexicano de Comercio Exterior) and the Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP). Between 1991 and 1993, during the North American Free Trade Agreement negotiations, he also headed the Mexican delegation in Canada.
By mid-1993 Núñez Soto had moved to the state of Hidalgo to join the cabinet of governor Jesús Murillo Karam as secretary of industry and commerce. In 1995 he took over the state Secretariat of the Interior and two years later he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies representing Hidalgo's sixth district (the city of Pachuca and surrounding areas).
After two years in the Chamber Núñez Soto resigned to become the PRI candidate to the governorship of Hidalgo. He won the election in 1999 and served in the post until April 2005. During his administration the employment rate grew 18% and the agricultural production grew 52%.
During the early months of 2005 Núñez Soto sought the 2006 PRI presidential candidacy.
# Olivia Salamanca

Olivia Salamanca (1 July 1889 – 11 July 1913) was a Filipino physician who trained in the United States at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and was the second female physician from the Philippines. She died from tuberculosis at the age of 24.

## Early life and education

Olivia Salamanca was born on 1 July 1889 in San Roque, Cavite and attended Cavite National High School. Her father, Jose Salamanca, was a pharmacist and the founder of a private school in Cavite. In 1905, she was one of 37 Filipino students (and one of three women), known as pensionados, selected by the Philippine government under the Pensionado Act to study overseas in the United States. She spent a year in Saint Paul, Minnesota, before enrolling in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. She graduated in June 1910, at 20 years old, becoming the second female physician from the Philippines. While in the United States, she was the editor of The Filipino, a monthly publication created by Filipino student expatriates.

## Career

Salamanca returned to the Philippines in July 1910. She was one of the charter members and the first secretary of the Philippine Anti-Tuberculosis Society, which was founded in 1910; later that year, she was diagnosed with tuberculosis herself. In 1911, she was assigned to work at a hospital in Baguio, a city in a mountainous area, in order for the mountain air to help improve her health. She wrote in a 1911 diary entry that she was the first person in the Philippines to receive tuberculin as a treatment for tuberculosis, saying: "If tuberculin proves effective in the care of T.B. by the experiment made on me, I would feel as if I have rendered a public service to humanity. Should it fail ... then I shall be glad also for it would save many from its dangers."

## Death and legacy

In 1912, she left Baguio for Manila, where she was briefly hospitalized in the Philippine General Hospital. She died on 11 July 1913, aged 24, from tuberculosis.
Plaza Olivia Salamanca in Manila and Dr. Olivia Salamanca Memorial District Hospital in Cavite City are named after Salamanca.
# Rodolphe Gasché

Rodolphe Gasché (born 1938, Luxembourg) holds the Eugenio Donato Chair of Comparative Literature at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York.

## Career

Gasché obtained his doctorate from the Freie Universität Berlin, where he has also taught. Before going to Buffalo he taught at Johns Hopkins University.

## Work

Early in his career, Gasché translated major essays of Jacques Derrida into German. After moving from Paris to Baltimore to take up a post with Johns Hopkins University, Gasché was among a group of young intellectuals who authored pathbreaking articles in the journal "Glyph". The Tain of the Mirror (Cambridge, MA: 1986) located the thought of Derrida within the philosophical tradition (particularly of phenomenology).
# No. 138 Squadron RAF

No. 138 Squadron RAF was a squadron of the Royal Air Force that served in a variety of roles during its career, last disbanded in 1962. It was the first 'V-bomber' squadron of the RAF, flying the Vickers Valiant between 1955 and 1962.

## History
### Formation in World War I as fighter squadron

No. 138 Squadron RAF was originally to be formed as a fighter unit on 1 May 1918, but formation was suspended until officially formed on 30 September 1918 as a fighter-reconnaissance squadron at Chingford, and was disbanded there on 1 February 1919.

### Special Duties in World War II

During World War II, it was reformed in 1941, from the expansion of No. 1419 Flight, and was the first squadron of the Royal Air Force Special Duty Service. In February 1942 the squadron's Lysander flight and a number of its Whitleys were hived off to make the nucleus of 161 (Special Duty) Squadron. Based initially at RAF Stradishall, in March 1942, 138 Squadron moved to its permanent home at the clandestine airfield at RAF Tempsford. The squadron dropped supplies and agents for the SIS and the SOE to Axis occupied territory. From October 1941 there served several all-Polish volunteer crews. Between 1 April 1943 and November 1943 the squadron included Polish Special Duties Flight, as C Flight. It carried out this role until March 1945 when it was reassigned to Bomber Command, operating under No. 3 Group. It was disbanded on 1 September 1950.

### V-Bomber squadron post-war

On 1 January 1955 the squadron was reformed as the first squadron to be equipped with the Vickers Valiant strategic nuclear bomber, based at RAF Gaydon and later moving to RAF Wittering. It flew them from Malta during the Suez Crisis of October 1956, and was finally disbanded on 1 April 1962.

## Aircraft operated

| From | To | Aircraft | Variant |
| Sep 1918 | Feb 1919 | Bristol F.2 Fighter | F.2b |
| Aug 1941 | Mar 1942 | Westland Lysander | Mk.IIIa |
| Aug 1941 | Nov 1942 | Armstrong Whitworth Whitley | Mk.V |
| Aug 1941 | Aug 1944 | Handley Page Halifax | Mk.II |
| Jan 1943 | Aug 11 1944 | Handley Page Halifax | Mk.V |
| Aug 28 1944 | Mar 1945 | Short Stirling | Mk.V |
| Mar 1945 | Sep 1947 | Avro Lancaster | Mks.I and III |
| Sep 1947 | Sep 1950 | Avro Lincoln | B.2 |
| Feb 1955 | Mar 1962 | Vickers Valiant | B.1 |
| Mar 1956 | May 1961 | Vickers Valiant | B(PR).1 |
| Mar 1956 | Aug 1961 | Vickers Valiant | B(PR)K.1 |
| Jun 1956 | Apr 1962 | Vickers Valiant | B(K).1 |
# Paul Guers

Paul Guers (19 December 1927 – 27 November 2016) was a French film actor. He appeared in 70 films between 1955 and 1996. He starred in the 1963 film Kali Yug: Goddess of Vengeance. He was born in Tours, France and died in Montsoreau.

## Selected filmography

* Les chiffonniers d'Emmaüs (1955) - André
* Tower of Lust (1955) - Gaultier d'Aulnay
* Sophie and the Crime (1955) - Claude Broux
* If Paris Were Told to Us (1956) - Le comte de Villars (uncredited)
* The Twilight Girls (1957) - Gilles Mareuil
* Les violents (1957) - Philippe de Coppet
* Fumée blonde (1957) - David Baker
* A Tale of Two Cities (1958) - Charles Darnay
* Toto in Paris (1958) - Pierre, figlio di Duclos
* Marie-Octobre (1959) - Père Yves Le Guen
* I Spit on Your Grave (1959) - Stan Walker
* Die schöne Lügnerin [de] (1959) - French Ambassador D'Aurignac
* L'eau a la bouche (1960) - Jean-Paul Brett-Juval
* Sergeant X (1960) - Henri Mangin
* Une gueule comme la mienne (1960) - Paul Roy
* The Nabob Affair (1960) - Serge
* Le Sahara brûle [fr] (1961) - Lucas Rimbaud
* Fuga desesperada (1961)
* Mourir d'amour (1961) - Michel Frank
* La fille aux yeux d'or (1961) - Henri Marsay
* Tales of Paris (1962) - Michel (segment "Françoise")
* Le Crime ne paie pas (1962) - Le docteur Mathieu (segment "L'affaire Fenayrou")
* Homage at Siesta Time (1962) - Henri Balmant
* Bay of Angels (1963) - Caron
* The Reunion (1963) - Livio
* Kali Yug: Goddess of Vengeance (1963) - Dr. Simon Palmer
* Il mistero del tempio indiano (1963) - Dr. Simon Palmer
* Le bluffeur (1964) - Frédo
* The Magnificent Cuckold (1964) - Gabriele
* Amore mio (1964) - Mario
* La fuga (1964) - Andrea Fabbri
* La Traite des blanches (1965) - Jean
* The Curse of Belphegor (1967) - Fred Daxo
* Un épais manteau de sang (1967) - Dyonis
* Flash Love (1968) - Alain
* Delphine (1969) - Norman
* Une femme libre (1971)
* Le feu aux lèvres (1973) - Michel Benoît
* Pourvu qu'on ait l'ivresse (1974) - Desgenais
* Les noces de porcelaine (1975) - Michel
* Vortex (1976)
* Libertés sexuelles (1977) - Alain
* The Maids of Wilko (1979) - Jola's Husband
* La mer couleur de larmes (1980) - Alain Vidal
* Notre histoire (1984) - Clark
* Three Seats for the 26th (1986) - Max Leehman
* Le parfum d'Yvonne (1994) - Daniel Hendrickx
* L'affaire (1994) - René Lantier
* Joséphine, ange gardien (1998, TV Series) - Pierre
# MAMA Award for Best Mixed Group

The Mnet Asian Music Award for Best Mixed Group was an award presented annually by CJ E&M Pictures (Mnet) from 2000 to 2009.
It was first awarded on the 2nd Mnet Asian Music Awards ceremony held in 2000; S#arp won the award for their performance in "Great!", and it is given in honor for the mixed group with the most artistic achievement in the music industry. The award continued to be given until the 11th Mnet Asian Music Awards in 2009 wherein 8Eight received the last award for their performance in "Without a Heart".

## Winners and nominees

| Year | Winner(s) | Song | Nominee(s) |
| 2000 (2nd) | S#arp | "Great!" | Roo'ra - "A Changing Wind's Song" (풍변기곡) Space A - "Sexy Guy" (섹시한 남자) Koyote - "Passion" Cool (쿨) - "Understanding Men and Women" (해석남녀) |
| 2001 (3rd) | Koyote | "Paran" | Roo'ra - "Clear Away" (정리) S#arp - "100 Days Prayer" (백일기도) Space A - "Sexy Man" (바람난 남자) Cool - "Jumpo Mambo" (점포맘보) |
| 2002 (4th) | The Jadu | "We Need to Talk" | S#arp - "Kiss Me" (내 입술..따뜻한 커피처럼) YTC - "Road" (길) Koyote - "Y" Cool - "Truth" (쿨진실) |
| 2003 (5th) | Koyote | "Emergency" | Loveholic - "Loveholic" The Jadu - "Gimbap" (김밥) Cherry Filter - "Flying Duck" Cool - "If You Were Going To Get Married" |
| 2004 (6th) | Koyote | "Disco King" | Turtles - "Come On" Loveholic - "Sky" Jaurim - "Hahaha Song" (하하하쏭) Cool - "Find A Friend" (친구찾기) |
| 2005 (7th) | Koyote | "1, 2, 3, 4" | The Jadu - "Let's Play" (놀자) Rumble Fish - "Smile Again" (으라차차) Cool - "이여 름 Summer" Clazziquai - "Fill This Night" |
| 2006 (8th) | none | none | none |
| 2007 (9th) | Clazziquai | "Lover Boy" | Turtles - "It's Been A Long Time" Rumble Fish - "Smile Again" Cherry Filter - "Feel It" Typhoon - "Only You" |
| 2008 (10th) | none | none | none |
| 2009 (11th) | 8Eight | "Without a Heart" | Roo'ra - "Going Going" Koyote - "Nonsense" (넌센스) Cool - "Reporting Reporting" (보고보고) Clazziquai - "Love Again" |
Each year is linked to the article about the Mnet Asian Music Awards held that year.

## Multiple awards for Best Mixed Group

The following lists the artist(s) who received multiple awards for Best Mixed Group from 2000 to 2009.
| Male artist | Record Set | First year awarded | Last year awarded |
| Koyote | 4 | 2001 | 2005 |
# Strong generating set

In abstract algebra, especially in the area of group theory, a strong generating set of a permutation group is a generating set that clearly exhibits the permutation structure as described by a stabilizer chain. A stabilizer chain is a sequence of subgroups, each containing the next and each stabilizing one more point.
Let $G\leq S_{n}$ be a group of permutations of the set $\{1,2,\ldots ,n\}.$ Let
    $B=(\beta _{1},\beta _{2},\ldots ,\beta _{r})$
be a sequence of distinct integers, $\beta _{i}\in \{1,2,\ldots ,n\},$ such that the pointwise stabilizer of $B$ is trivial (i.e., let $B$ be a base for $G$). Define
    $B_{i}=(\beta _{1},\beta _{2},\ldots ,\beta _{i}),\,$
and define $G^{(i)}$ to be the pointwise stabilizer of $B_{i}$. A strong generating set (SGS) for G relative to the base $B$ is a set
    $S\subseteq G$
such that
    $\langle S\cap G^{(i)}\rangle =G^{(i)}$
for each $i$ such that $1\leq i\leq r$.
The base and the SGS are said to be non-redundant if
    $G^{(i)}\neq G^{(j)}$
for $i\neq j$.
A base and strong generating set (BSGS) for a group can be computed using the Schreier–Sims algorithm.
# Journal of Vocational Behavior

The Journal of Vocational Behavior is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering career development. It was established in 1971 and is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Nadya A. Fouad (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 12.082.
# Saffig

Saffig is a municipality in the district of Mayen-Koblenz in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.

## The emblem

The organ pipes and the ear show St. Cäcilia, the patron saint of the Catholic church of Saffig. The lava dome shows the territory of volcanos, where Saffig is.

## History

The village was first referenced in 1258 as "Saffge". Saffig was a fiefdom of Cologne until 1481, when it became a fiefdom of the family von der Leyen. After the annexation of sinistral territory of the Rhine during the French Revolutionary Wars (1794–1815), Saffig was a "Mairie" of France. Saffig has been part of the Pellenz Verbandsgemeinde since 1992.

## Buildings and sights

* St. Cäcilia Catholic Church - Designed by Balthasar Neumann (1739–1742) and his pupil Johannes Seiz
* The Palace Garden - Formerly part of the Palace territory of the family von der Leyen
* Synagogue - Now a memorial
* "Von-der-Leyen Halle" - A multipurpose hall
# Manucy

Manucy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Albert Manucy (1910–1997), American writer and historian
* Dominic Manucy (1828–1885), American Roman Catholic bishop
# Rodger Penzabene

Rodger L. Penzabene (1945 – December 31, 1967) was an American songwriter for the Motown label. Among his most notable compositions as a lyricist are "Take Me in Your Arms and Love Me" by Gladys Knight & the Pips; "The End of Our Road" by Gladys Knight & the Pips and Marvin Gaye; and a trilogy of hits for The Temptations: "You're My Everything", "I Wish It Would Rain", and "I Could Never Love Another (After Loving You)".
Penzabene was of Sicilian and Irish descent. He attended Mumford High School in Detroit, Michigan. He was a childhood friend and neighbor of Cornelius Grant, with whom he wrote "You're My Everything". After Grant became musical director for the Temptations, Penzabene continued to contribute songs for the group, as well as The Isley Brothers and other Motown groups.
The mournful songs "I Wish It Would Rain" and "I Could Never Love Another" reportedly drew from Penzabene's real-life pain and suffering. Otis Williams wrote that: "We liked Roger [sic] a lot. He was young, nice-looking, but kind of quiet and reserved, and very humble. The inspiration for these great songs was his unhappy personal life."
On New Year's Eve 1967, a week after the release of "I Wish It Would Rain", Penzabene committed suicide by gunshot at the age of 22.
# No. 138 Expeditionary Air Wing

No. 138 Expeditionary Air Wing RAF is a deployable Expeditionary Air Wing of the Royal Air Force based at RAF Marham, Norfolk, England, UK.
The current wing was established on 1 April 2006 the unit has history dating back to February 1943.

## Second World War

No. 138 Airfield RAF
The unit was formed on 10 November 1943 at RAF Lasham within No. 2 Group RAF.
No. 138 (Bomber) Wing RAF
No. 138 Wing fought with No. 2 Group RAF, RAF Second Tactical Air Force (2TAF) in North-West Europe after D-Day.

## Current use

Re-formed on 1 April 2006 as an EAW, the Wing is led by the Station Commander of RAF Marham, supported by their Station management team. The deployable elements of the RAF Marham form the core of the EAW, reinforced by assigned Capability-based Module Readiness System (CMRS) personnel and elements of the Air Combat Support Units (ACSUs). EAWs enable the RAF to train as cohesive units of Air Power which are prepared and capable of transitioning quickly from peacetime structures and deploying swiftly on operations.
During December 2021 the unit deployed to Stornoway, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, UK.
# Spice World

Spice World may refer to:
* Spiceworld (album), a 1997 album by the Spice Girls
* Spiceworld Tour, a 1998 concert tour by the Spice Girls
* Spice World – 2019 Tour, a 2019 concert tour by the Spice Girls
* Spice World (film), a 1997 British musical comedy film starring the Spice Girls
** Spice World (video game), a video game based on the film
* SpiceWorld, the Spiceworks annual user conference
# Lyrolepis

Lyrolepis is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish found in the Eocene Adaev Formation of Kazakhstan and the Pshekha Formation of Georgia.
# Stuart Harris (priest)

(William) Stuart Harris, DD, KHC (1849- 1923) was a Church of England priest and Royal Navy chaplain. He was the Chaplain of the Fleet and Archdeacon of the Royal Navy, serving from 1901 to 1906.
Berry was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge and ordained in 1876. He began his ecclesiastical career with curacies at New Shildon and Staindrop. He served with the Navy from 1879 to 1906, and was Chaplain of the Fleet from 1901 until his retirement. An Order in Council issued by King Edward VII in August 1902 granted the ecclesiastical dignity of archdeacon on the Chaplain of the Fleet, and Harris was instituted as such by the Archbishop of Canterbury in Lambeth Palace Chapel on 23 October 1902. He was an Honorary Chaplain to the King from 1910 to 1926. He died on 23 May 1935.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Geograph
* ↑ Crockford's Clerical Directory 1929/30 p566 Oxford, OUP, 1929
* ↑ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36904. London. 21 October 1902. p. 5.
* ↑ ‘HARRIS, Ven. William Stuart’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 28 May 2017
* ↑ Deaths. The Times (London, England), Saturday, May 25, 1935; pg. 1; Issue 47073
* This article about a Church of England cleric is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Juarez Távora

Juarez Távora may refer to:
* Juarez Távora, Paraíba, a municipality in the state of Paraíba, Brazil
* Juarez Távora (general), Brazilian general and politician
# Nemapogon angulifasciella

Nemapogon angulifasciella is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and West Virginia.
The wingspan is about 12 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from April to October.
# Marano Marchesato

Marano Marchesato is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy.
The origins of the town's name are widely disputed. One claim is that the name derives from the medieval Marano family, who, throughout the course of the Saracen occupation of the nearby emirate of Amantea, provided refuge to those fleeing the Muslim conquest. A second hypothesis is that Marano refers to the Spanish word "marrano", a derogatory term given to Iberian Jews who had converted to Christianity before the Spanish Inquisition. Many of these early converts, or "conversos", fled to southern Italy given the region's climate and linguistic similarity. This theory is furthered by the existence of a thriving silk trade in the town's history.
# Roderick McKenzie (disambiguation)

Roderick McKenzie was a New Zealand politician.
Roderick McKenzie may also refer to:
* Roderick McKenzie, Canadian fur trader and the cousin of Alexander Mackenzie
* Roderick D. McKenzie (1885-1940), American-Canadian sociologist
* Roddy McKenzie (born 1975), Scottish footballer (Heart of Midlothian FC, Livingston FC)
* Roddy McKenzie (footballer, born 1945), Northern Ireland footballer (Airdrieonians, Hibernian FC, Clydebank FC)
* Roderick McKenzie, one of the editors of Liddell and Scott's A Greek–English Lexicon
# Sarasinula marginata

Sarasinula marginata is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Veronicellidae, the leatherleaf slugs.

## Description

Sarasinula marginata is superficially very similar to Sarasinula plebeia, however it can be distinguished from that species by minor differences in the male genitalia.

## Distribution

Sarasinula marginata is found in countries and islands including:
* Dominica. First reported in 2009.
* Guadeloupe
* Brazil, (Paraiba to Rio Grande do Sul)
* Peru
* Colombia

## Ecology

This species was found in a dasheen (Colocasia esculenta) field in the Caribbean island of Dominica. It appears to be a minor pest in the agriculture of Dominica.
# Paul Dätwyler

Paul Dätwyler (13 March 1916 – 25 July 1984) was a Swiss wrestler. He competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics and the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Spinocentruropsis papuanus

Spinocentruropsis papuanus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Spinocentruropsis. It was described by Gérard J. Minet in 1987.
# Léonie Périault

Léonie Périault (born 31 July 1994) is a French triathlete. She finished 5th in the women's triathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. She subsequently won a bronze medal in the mixed triathlon relay event on 31 July 2021.
She competed in the women's triathlon at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.
Périault grew up in Vélizy, Yvelines, France. She enjoyed swimming and mountain biking as a child and says she took part in her first triathlon when she was 8 years old.