OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Paterson

William Paterson or Bill Paterson may refer to:

## People

* Bill Paterson (actor) (born 1945), Scottish actor
* Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1897) (1897–1970), Scottish footballer for Cowdenbeath, Derby, Providence, New Bedford etc
* Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930) (1930–2002), Scottish footballer for Doncaster, Newcastle, Rangers etc
* William Paterson (actor) (1919–2003), American actor
* William Paterson (Australian politician) (1847–1920), Australian politician
* William Paterson (banker) (1658–1719), Scottish trader, a founder of the Bank of England
* William Paterson (Canadian politician) (1839–1914), Canadian Member of Parliament and Cabinet minister
* William Paterson (explorer) (1755–1810), Scottish soldier, and botanist; former lieutenant governor of Tasmania
* William Paterson (goalkeeper) (1902–?), Scottish footballer for Dunfermline, Dundee United, Arsenal, Airdrieonians etc
* William Paterson (judge) (1745–1806), United States Founding Father, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, and signer of the U.S. Constitution
* William Paterson (Michigan politician), Mayor of Flint, Michigan
* William Paterson (trade unionist) (1843–1906), Scottish trade unionist and fire officer
* William Paterson (wrestler), Australian Olympic wrestler
* William A. Paterson (1838–1921), American auto manufacturer and Mayor of Flint, Michigan
* William Alexander Paterson a.k.a. Bill Alexander, (born 1948), American theatre director
* William Burns Paterson (1849–1915), Scottish horticulturist, founder Alabama State University
* William Paterson Paterson (1860–1939), Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1919
* William Romaine Paterson, Scottish writer
* William Stanley Bryce Paterson a.k.a. Stan Paterson (1924–2013), glaciologist
* Willie Paterson (fl. 1913–1928), Scottish footballer for Hamilton, Motherwell, Charlton etc

## Other uses

* William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey
# ManaBalss.lv

ManaBalss.lv (literally My Voice in English) is a civic organization based in Latvia and launched in June 2011 to provide a possibility for the citizens of Latvia to promote their initiatives and gain support for these initiatives for further submission to Saeima - national parliament of Latvia. Activities of ManaBalss.lv are characterised by very good rate of success: approximately half of the public initiatives are either supported by Saeima or are in the process of review.

## History

ManaBalss.lv was created in the late 2010 - early 2011 by social activists Kristofs Blaus and Jānis Erts as a response to the mismanagement of the governance in the country which led to the 2008 Latvian financial crisis. The name of the portal in Latvian means 'My Voice'.
The first initiatives were launched in June 2011 and were aimed at making the information about the offshoring operations more open to the general public. Over the first week the initiative gathered more than 10 000 supporters and as a response to this Saeima urgently changed the legislation.
According to data published by ManaBalss.lv, since 2011, from the 38 initiatives reaching the decision - a final vote in the legislator, 31 have been approved and have changed laws or normative acts. Additional 21 initiatives currently are in the review process in the parliament. In 2019, 3 initiatives have been supported and implemented by the Saeima in legislation, 13 initiatives have been submitted to Saeima. 190 initiative applications have been examined, of which 56 initiatives have been published for public voting.
Since 2011 ManaBalss has had more than 285 000 unique users and more than 1.41 million votes – a considerable number for a county of 1.95 million. Every year 25-30% of the population are visitors of the platform - though not all of them choose to vote.
ManaBalss.lv is considered to be a successful case of internet activism where online petitioning and well-organised lobbying activities can help in the democratization of society and country. According to ManaBalss.lv it is the most successful national citizen legislative initiatives' platform in the world.

## Funding, handling of initiatives

Major part of the activities of ManaBalss.lv are financed by the donations of individual users, part of the financing is attracted as local and international grants as well as comparatively small donations from organizations. In year 2019 ManaBalss had donations from 24 000 users, while overall since 2011, 59 000 individuals have donated to the organization.
Initiatives can be submitted by any citizen of Latvia. Each initiative should comply with minimum requirements, e.g. it should be implemented by the state or municipal institutions through legislatory changes and other activities, the initiative should be constructive and feasible.
After the initiative is approved by ManaBalss.lv it should collect 10 000 supporters in order to be submitted to Saeima.
# Paraguraleus emina

Paraguraleus emina is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 11 mm, its diameter 4.5 mm.
(Original description) The shell has a fusiform shape. It is variable in contour, colour, and development of sculpture. It contains 5½ whorls, including a two-whorled protoconch, rapidly increasing and slightly shouldered. The protoconch is smooth, glassy and globose. The colour of the shell is variable; sometimes entirely drab or buff, often with the protoconch and the subsutural space darker. The example figured has a ground colour of pale cinnamon, banded or spotted with pale cream, below the suture a band of chocolate, deep within the inner lip a tinge of purple, protoconch a clear hazel-brown. The sculpture, longitudinal wave ribs sharply bent near the suture, fading away on the base, and leaving a bare space behind the aperture, wider spaced above, more crowded and irregular below. On the body whorl are fourteen, on the penultimate whorl eighteen. Both ribs and interspaces are crossed by sharp, minute, close, waved, spiral grooves. The flat-topped interspaces of these grooves, four times their width, are again cross-cut by close minute furrows into oblong beads. The aperture is narrow, three-fifths of the shell's length, fortified without by a broad but low incurving varix, which rises above the suture, enclosing a shallow sinus. A layer of callus overspreads the inner lip. The siphonal canal is short and broad.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off New South Wales
# List of masters of St Catharine's College, Cambridge

This is a list of Masters of St Catharine's College, Cambridge listed by year of appointment.
* 1473 Robert Woodlark (or Wodelarke)
* 1475 Richard Roche
* 1480 John Tapton
* 1487 John Wardall
* 1506 Richard Balderston
* 1507 Thomas Greene
* 1529 Reginald Bainbrigge
* 1547 Edwin Sandys
* 1554 Edmund Cosyn
* 1559 John May
* 1577 Edmund Hownde
* 1598 John Overall
* 1607 John Hills
* 1626 Richard Sibbes
* 1635 Ralph Brownrigg
* 1645 William Spurstowe
* 1650 John Lightfoot
* 1675 John Eachard
* 1697 Sir William Dawes, 3rd Baronet
* 1714 Thomas Sherlock
* 1719 Thomas Crosse
* 1736 Edward Hubbard
* 1741 Kenrick Prescot
* 1779 Lowther Yates
* 1799 Joseph Proctor
* 1845 Henry Philpott
* 1861 Charles Kirkby Robinson
* 1909 Claude Hermann Walter Johns
* 1920 Thomas Wortley Drury
* 1927 Frederick Margetson Rushmore
* 1933 Henry John Chaytor
* 1946 Donald Portway
* 1957 Edwin Ernest Rich
* 1973 Peter Swinnerton-Dyer
* 1984 Barry Supple
* 1993 Terence English
* 2000 David S. Ingram
* 2007 Jean Thomas
* 2016 Mark Welland
* 2023 John Benger
# Sarai Akhtiar

Sarai Akhtiar is a village in Rohaniya block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 40 km from Raebareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,731 people, in 305 households. It has two primary schools and no healthcare facilities, and it hosts both a permanent market and a weekly haat.
The 1961 census recorded Sarai Akhtiar as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 536 people (283 male and 253 female), in 120 households and 113 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 232 acres.
The 1981 census recorded Sarai Akhtiar (spelled as "Sarai Akhtiyar") as having a population of 899 people, in 177 households, and having an area of 167.54 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.
# Ralph Milbanke

Ralph Milbanke may refer to:
* Sir Ralph Milbanke, 4th Baronet (died 1748), of the Milbanke baronets
* Sir Ralph Milbanke, 5th Baronet (1725–1798)
* Ralph Noel (born Ralph Milbanke, died 1825), MP for County Durham
* Sir Ralph Mark Milbanke, 12th Baronet (1907–1949), of the Milbanke baronets
# Ralph H. Bonnell

Ralph Holbrook Bonnell (March 5, 1899 – February 6, 1975) was an American auto dealer and political figure who served as a member of the Republican National Committee as the Chairman of the Massachusetts Republican Party.

## Early life

Bonnell was born in Littleton, Massachusetts to Charles Bonnell, a factory worker, and Hettie Claflin Bonnell. Bonnell's mother was the grandniece of former Massachusetts Governor William Claflin. In 1916, Bonnell graduated from Stow High School. He then went to Boston to look for a job, where he found work delivering parcels. He later worked for a wholesale plumbing company, first as an office boy then later as a salesman. Bonnell needed a new car to do his sales work, however, a freight embargo prevented the car he ordered from being delivered. He and a group of Boston men traveled to the Ohio factory where the cars were built and drove them home. One of the men on the trip was the sales manager of the car company. He was impressed by Bonnell and offered him a job with the company, which Bonnell accepted.

## Winchester, Massachusetts

In 1925, Bonnell moved to Winchester, Massachusetts, where he founded an auto dealership. He was active in Winchester's civic affairs. He served on the town's Board of Selectmen, Planning Board, and School Planning Committee and was president of the Winchester Rotary Club and the Winchester Country Club. Additionally, he led the fundraising drive for the construction of Winchester Hospital.

## Massachusetts Republican Party

In 1950, Bonnell was named vice-chairman of the Massachusetts Republican Finance Committee. He later became chairman of the party's executive committee. In 1952 he was a member of the Electoral College, casting one of Massachusetts' votes for Dwight D. Eisenhower. On January 8, 1953, Bonnell defeated Frederick H. Deaborn 79 votes to 14 to become the Republican national committeeman for Massachusetts. In May 1956, Bonnell defeated incumbent Elmer C. Nelson to become Republican State Committee Chairman. Nelson's ouster came after Lieutenant Governor and the presumptive Republican nominee in the 1956 gubernatorial election, Sumner G. Whittier, called for his removal because of Nelson's "hostility" towards his candidacy. Bonnell became chairman on the condition that he would step down after the 1956 campaign. He resigned as chairman on Election Day, but remained state committeeman until his resignation in 1962.

## Personal life and death

Bonnell married Mildred Sullivan, who had been one year below him at Stow High School. They had five children.
Bonnell died on February 6, 1975, at the age of 75.
# Ralph M. Scurfield

Ralph Merle Scurfield (August 20, 1928 – October 15, 2013) was an American businessman who served on the California Horse Racing Board (CHRB) from 1991 through 1999, serving as chairman of the board from 1992 to 1999.

## Life and career

Ralph Merle Scurfield was born in Pennsylvania on August 20, 1928.
Scurfield's involvement in civic affairs dated back to the 1960s when he served on the Sacramento Planning Commission and the Sacramento City Council. He was president of the Scurfield Company in Sacramento, dealing in property investment and commercial development and management. Scurfield also served as an officer of the Association of Racing Commissioners International from 1994, becoming president of that organization in 1998 and serving one term as chairman in 1998-99.
Scurfield was first appointed to the California Horse Racing Board in 1991 by Governor was George Deukmejian, and was twice re-appointed to the Board by Governor Pete Wilson. Scurfield was first named Chairman in 1992 and retained that post with the unanimous support of his colleagues until his term as CHRB commissioner expired September 26, 2000.
As chairman of the CHRB Scurfield lead the board through a decade that brought enormous change to the California horse racing industry as it faced unprecedented competition from other forms of gambling and entertainment. Scurfield was influential in bringing about license-fee relief to the horse racing industry, personally appearing before legislative committees to explain the importance of the industry in terms of jobs, revenue, and its impact on the overall economy.
During Scurfield’s reign as chairman of the CHRB he directed his efforts to abolish substance abuse among industry workers. He influenced support for the Winners Foundation, the employee assistance program for persons in the California horse racing industry with problems related to drug or alcohol abuse, and created the Human Substance Abuse Advisory Committee, which brought medical experts and industry leaders together to deal with the problem. Scurfield was also responsible for establishing a voluntary program that enables trainers to test their employees and new-hires for drugs.
John Van de Kamp, president of the Thoroughbred Owners of California, praised Scurfield saying "Ralph Scurfield’s tenure on the CHRB was distinguished by dedication to duty and to his obligations, his availability, his willingness to listen, and a real commitment to the industry as a whole. His service provides a good example for others who will follow in his footsteps."
Ken Maddy, former California State Senator said of Scurfield: "As chairman, Ralph came before the Legislature and pointed out what horse racing means to California economically, and he explained what the industry needed from its elected officials. He played a vital role in gaining license-fee relief for the industry. To me, his leadership role in supporting that legislation was his most significant accomplishment."
Scurfield latterly headed the Sacramento Harness Association. He died from complications of surgery on October 15, 2013, at the age of 85.
# The London Aphrodite

The London Aphrodite was a little literary magazine which existed between 1928 and 1929. It is known for its founders Jack Lindsay and P. R. Stephensen. Tim Armstrong described the magazine as an example of micro-modernist publications.

## History and profile

The London Aphrodite was first published in August 1928. Its founders and editors were Jack Lindsay and P. R. Stephensen who also owned the publisher of the magazine, Fánfrolico Press. In the first issue it was announced that there would be only six issues of The London Aphrodite. The same issue also contained a manifesto in which the editors attacked another British magazine entitled The London Mercury and its literary approach. Cover page of the each issue was printed in different colours, and it was published on a bimonthly basis.
Some of the contributors were Liam O'Flaherty, Robert Nichols, Kenneth Slessor, Pittendrigh Macgillivray and Stanley Snaith. The final issue of The London Aphrodite appeared in July 1929.
# The Martyrdom of Saint Philip

The Martyrdom of Saint Philip (Spanish: Martirio de San Felipe) is a painting by Jusepe de Ribera from 1639.
It is considered one of his best works. The Spanish critic Eugenio d'Ors said of it " almost, almost like a Russian ballet." The painting is exhibited in the Museo del Prado in Madrid.

## Description

For a long time it was thought that this painting represented the martyrdom of the apostle Bartholomew; an event that Ribera had painted several times. Only in 1953 was it established that the subject is Philip the Apostle by the art historian Delphine Fitz Derby. Following the resurrection of Jesus, Philip and his sister Mariamne together with Bartholomew preached in Greece, Phrygia, and Syria. He was martyred in Hierapolis when he was crucified.
Ribera captures the moment when the preparations for the crucifixion are still in progress. He does so from a low perspective, giving the main characters monumentality and showing a large part of blue sky. Two executioners try to raise the apostle, while a third supports one of his legs. Bright sunlight illuminates his face that shows pain and resignation. The contrast of light and shadow enhances the dramatic effect.
On the right there is a group of curious onlookers who appear to comment on the event. On the left, on the other hand, the people who appear are oblivious to what happens; there is a woman holding a little child in her arms and looking toward the viewer, putting a tender and delicate counterpoint to the cruelty that dominates the rest of the scene. Some critics have wanted to see an allegory of Charity in this figure.
Judging by the treatment of color, the touches of brush and the splendid nude, this is a mature work by Ribera. It is less caravagesque than his previous works, showing the influence of Guido Reni and Domenichino.

## History

The Martyrdom of Saint Philip was likely commissioned by the II Duke of Medina de las Torres as a gift to King Philip IV of Spain; Philip the Apostle was his patron saint. For a long time, the painting was part of the royal collection. It survived the fire in the Royal Alcázar in 1734 and was subsequently installed in the Buen Retiro Palace and the Royal Palace of Madrid. Sometime after 1818 the painting was moved to the Prado.
# The Moneymakers

The Moneymakers (also known as Bingo at Home), was a late 1960s Canadian game show that was taped in Ottawa, Ontario and hosted by Jim Perry. Its producer was Howard Felsher, who later served in the same capacity on the popular American game show Family Feud.
The game involved five players who would play for the entire week and try to amass the most money, becoming the weekly winner. The object of the game was to fill in the blanks of a bingo-like board using numbers randomly selected from a bingo ball machine. Questions were asked and the correct respondent would place the number on the board. The first player to get four numbers in a row (not including a "free space"), in any direction, won the game.
The winner then played the bonus round in which they answered questions to move a decimal point from right to left and turn the four-digit number they won with into cash. After three correct responses to questions, they could stop with hundreds of dollars (three decimal places), or risk the amount on a fourth question that could win thousands of dollars (four decimal places). If they continued and missed the question, they lost it all.
The show was one of the earliest syndicated series from Canada to also be broadcast in the United States. In the New York City area, it aired on WNEW-TV (now WNYW) in the afternoons.
* This article relating to a non-fiction television series in Canada is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# The Main Frame

The Main Frame was a dark wave band from Long Beach, California formed in 2001 by Steve Krolikowski (vocals and guitar), Rob Wallace (keyboard), Bill “Dungs” Roman (bass) and Vaughn Klemz (drums). Vaughn Klemz was replaced by Trip Waterhouse in 2003. The band dissolved in 2005. Krolikowski continued playing with Wallace and eventually formed the band Repeater. Krolikowski also joined Korn's Munky-led supergroup, Fear and the Nervous System.

## Recordings

The Main Frame recorded one full-length album Curse of Evolution (2003) and several unreleased EPs.
"Beat To Death" and "Weak Exit" are two songs from the band's 2004 unreleased EP that appear on IFC Films' American Gun.

## Discography

Studio Albums
* Curse of Evolution (2003)
EPs
* Skull EP (2002)
* Beat To Death EP (2004)

## Reviews

"Haunting, stark pop that stands out, and relatively alone in the oft-flashy LA music scene" OC Weekly
"Synthesizer driven sophistication with undeniably dark undertones" Tangerine Magazine
# The Main Ingredient (Shirley Horn album)

The Main Ingredient is a 1995 album by Shirley Horn.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow said: "This Shirley Horn CD is a little unusual, as it was recorded at her home. The four sessions utilized some of her favorite musicians... As usual, virtually all of the songs are taken at slow tempos, with 'All or Nothing at All' given a definitive treatment". The Penguin Guide to Jazz commented that the guest musicians added variety, but that the best track was the trio rendition of "The Look of Love".

## Track listing

* "Blues for Sarge" (Ronald R. Dawson) – 4:16
* "The Look of Love" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 5:22
* "Keepin' Out of Mischief Now" (Andy Razaf, Fats Waller) – 3:46
* "The Meaning of the Blues" (Bobby Troup, Leah Worth) – 7:55
* "Here's Looking at You" (Carroll Coates) – 3:27
* "You Go to My Head" (John Frederick Coots, Haven Gillespie) – 9:08
* "Fever" (Eddie Cooley, John Davenport) – 4:42
* "Come in from the Rain" (Melissa Manchester, Carole Bayer Sager) – 4:50
* "Peel Me a Grape" (Dave Frishberg) – 2:55
* "All or Nothing at All" (Arthur Altman, Jack Lawrence) – 7:10

## Personnel

* Shirley Horn – piano, vocals
* Joe Henderson – tenor saxophone
* Buck Hill
* Roy Hargrove – flugelhorn
* Charles Ables – guitar, electric bass
* Steve Novosel – double bass
* Billy Hart – drums
* Elvin Jones – drums
* Steve Williams – drums
# Ramanbhai Patel (cricketer)

Ramanbhai Patel (1925 – date of death unknown) was a Kenyan first-class cricketer.
One of Kenya's top batsman throughout the 1950s and 1960s, Patel made his debut in first-class cricket for an International XI against an East Pakistan Governor's XI on the East Pakistan leg of their 1961–62 world tour at Dhaka. He made a further two appearances in first-class cricket, appearing for an East African Invitation XI against a touring Marylebone Cricket Club side at Kampala in 1963, followed by an appearance for the Coast Cricket Association against a touring Pakistan International Airlines team in 1964. In three first-class matches, Patel scored 29 runs with a highest score of 14.
# Rajkot–Porbandar Fast Passenger

The Rajkot - Porbandar Fast Passenger is a passenger train belonging to Western Railway zone that runs between Porbandar and Rajkot Junction. It is currently being operated with 59211/59212 train numbers on a daily basis.

## Average speed and frequency

The 59211/Rajkot Porbandar Fast Passenger runs with an average speed of 37 km/h and completes 216 km in 5h 50m. The 59212/Porbandar Rajkot Fast Passenger runs with an average speed of 37 km/h and completes 216 km in 5h 50m.

## Route and halts

The important halts of the train are:
* Rajkot Junction
* Hadmatiya
* Hapa
* Jamnagar
* Pipli
* Kanalus Junction
* Bhanvad
* Jashapar
* Wansjaliya
* Ranavav
* Porbandar

## Coach composite

The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 8 coaches:
* 6 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

## Traction

Both trains are hauled by a Ratlam Loco Shed based WDM 3A diesel locomotive from Muzaffarpur to Porbandar and vice versa.

## Direction Reversal

Train Reverses its direction 1 times:
* Kanalus Junction