OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reuterin

Reuterin (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde) is the organic compound with the formula HOCH$_2$CH$_2$CHO. It is a bifunctional molecule, containing both a hydroxy and aldehyde functional groups.
The name reuterin is derived from Lactobacillus reuteri, which produces the compound biosynthetically from glycerol as a broad-spectrum antibiotic (bacteriocin). L. reuteri itself is named after the microbiologist Gerhard Reuter, who did early work in distinguishing it as a distinct species.

## Solution structure

In aqueous solution 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde exists in equilibrium with its hydrate (1,1,3-propanetriol), in which the aldehyde group converts to a geminal diol:
    HOCH$_2$CH$_2$CHO + H$_2$O → HOCH$_2$CH$_2$CH(OH)$_2$
The hydrate is also in equilibrium with its dimer (2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-1,3-dioxane), which dominates at high concentrations. These three components - the aldehyde, its dimer, and the hydrate are therefore in a dynamic equilibrium.
Besides, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde suffers an spontaneous dehydration in aqueous solution, and the resulting molecule is called acrolein.
In fact, the term reuterin is the name given to the dynamic system formed by 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, its hydrate, the dimer, and acrolein. This last molecule, acrolein, was recently included in reuterin definition.

## Synthesis and reactions

3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde is formed by the condensation of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. This reaction, when conducted in the gas-phase, was the basis for a now obsolete industrial route acrolein:
    CH$_3$CHO + CH$_2$O → HOCH$_2$CH$_2$CHO
    HOCH$_2$CH$_2$CHO → CH$_2$=CHCHO + H$_2$O
Presently 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde is an intermediate in the production of pentaerythritol. Hydrogenation of reuterin gives 1,3-propanediol.

## Biological activity

Reuterin is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol catalysed by the coenzyme B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase.
Reuterin is a potent antimicrobial compound produced by Lactobacillus reuteri. It inhibits the growth of some harmful Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, along with yeasts, molds, and protozoa. L. reuteri can secrete sufficient amounts of reuterin to inhibit the growth of harmful gut organisms, without killing beneficial gut bacteria, allowing L. reuteri to remove gut invaders while keeping normal gut flora intact.
Reuterin is water-soluble, effective in a wide range of pH, resistant to proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes, and has been studied as a food preservative or auxiliary therapeutic agent.
Reuterin as an extracted compound has been shown capable of killing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, with the addition of lactic acid increasing its efficacy. It has also been demonstrated to kill Escherichia coli O157:H7 when produced by L. reuteri.
# Rademacher system

In mathematics, in particular in functional analysis, the Rademacher system, named after Hans Rademacher, is an incomplete orthogonal system of functions on the unit interval of the following form:
    $\{t\mapsto r_{n}(t)=\operatorname {sgn} \left(\sin 2^{n+1}\pi t\right);t\in [0,1],n\in \mathbb {N} \}.$
The Rademacher system is stochastically independent, and is closely related to the Walsh system. Specifically, the Walsh system can be constructed as a product of Rademacher functions.
# Ravicherla

Ravicherla is a village in Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Nuzvid mandal of Nuzvid revenue division.
# Sharovipteryx

Sharovipteryx ("Sharov's wing", known until 1981 as Podopteryx, "foot wing") is a genus of early gliding reptiles containing the single species Sharovipteryx mirabilis. It is known from a single fossil and is the only glider with a membrane surrounding the pelvis instead of the pectoral girdle. This lizard-like reptile was found in 1965 in the Madygen Formation, Dzailauchou, on the southwest edge of the Fergana Valley in Kyrgyzstan, in what was then the Asian part of the U.S.S.R. dating to the middle-late Triassic period (about 225 million years ago). The Madygen horizon displays flora that put it in the Upper Triassic. An unusual reptile, Longisquama, was also found there.
S. mirabilis is known from a unique holotype specimen, which was first described by Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov in 1971. Sharov named the species Podopteryx mirabilis, "foot wing", for the wing membranes on the hind limbs. However, that name had previously been used for a genus of damselfly, Podopteryx, so in 1981 Richard Cowen created the new genus name Sharovipteryx for the species.

## Description

The skeleton is preserved in dorsal view and largely complete, with the bones still articulated and impressions of some of the integument. But part of the pectoral girdle is missing and part is still encased in stone.
In 1987, Gans et al. published a revised description: they found that the patagium did not extend to the forelimbs. Their experiments with models showed that the reptile could glide with its uropatagium and stabilize its glide by changing the angles of its forelimbs to provide an aeronautic canard or by bending its tail up or down to produce drag.
In 2006, Dyke et al. published a study on possible gliding techniques for Sharovipteryx. The authors found that the wing membrane, which stretched between its very long hind legs and tail, would have allowed it to glide as a delta wing aircraft does. If the tiny front limbs also supported a membrane, they could have acted as a very efficient means of controlling pitch stability, very much like an aeronautic canard. Without a forewing, the authors find, controlled gliding would have been very difficult. Together with the canards on the forelimbs, these anterior membranes may have formed excellent control surfaces for gliding. The area around the forelimbs was completely prepared away in the only known fossil, destroying any possible trace of a membrane there.

## Classification

Sharovipteryx is generally agreed to belong to a group of early archosaur relatives known as the protorosaurs (or prolacertiformes). A possible close relative of Sharovipteryx, Ozimek volans was recovered as a member of the family Tanystropheidae in the phylogenetic analysis conducted by Pritchard & Sues (2019); Sharovipteryx itself was not included in this analysis, but the authors considered it possible that both Ozimek and Sharovipteryx were nested within Tanystropheidae.
# Rademacher–Menchov theorem

In mathematical analysis, the Rademacher–Menchov theorem, introduced by Rademacher (1922) and Menchoff (1923), gives a sufficient condition for a series of orthogonal functions on an interval to converge almost everywhere.

## Statement

If the coefficients c$_ν$ of a series of bounded orthogonal functions on an interval satisfy
    $\sum |c_{\nu }|^{2}\log(\nu )^{2}<\infty$
then the series converges almost everywhere.
# National Party (Peru)

National Party (in Spanish: Partido Nacional) was a political party in Peru. It was founded in 1882 by Nicolás de Piérola.
* This article about a Peruvian political party is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# National Tidal and Sea Level Facility

Established in 2002, the National Tidal and Sea Level Facility is responsible for monitoring sea levels in the UK.
The NTSLF comprises the UK National Tide Gauge Network, geodetic networks, and gauges in the British dependent territories of the South Atlantic and Gibraltar. Data collected is used to create tidal predictions, monitor climate change and determine extreme sea levels for navigation and coastal engineering design.
The network is funded by the UK Environment Agency. Associated scientific research is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra).
# Rayadanda

Rayadanda is a village development committee in Baglung District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,492 and had 480 houses in the village.
# Natuwadi Dam

Natuwadi Dam, is an earthfill dam on Tr.of Charti river near Khed, Ratnagiri district in the state of Maharashtra in India.

## Specifications

The height of the dam above lowest foundation is 45.25 m (148.5 ft) while the length is 900 m (3,000 ft). The volume content is 22.3 km$^3$ (5.4 cu mi) and gross storage capacity is 28,080.00 km$^3$ (6,736.75 cu mi).

## Purpose

* Irrigation
# TMEM117

Transmembrane protein 117 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM117 gene.
# Rebecca Dwyer

Rebecca Dwyer (née Reuter; born 11 July 1986) is an Australian field hockey player.

## Personal life

Dwyer was born and raised in Toowoomba, Queensland.
She is a teacher at St Laurence's College in South Brisbane.Which is an extremely sporty school known for its rugby in which they have won for the past 2 years

## Career
### State level

In domestic competitions, Dwyer plays hockey for her home state, Queensland.

### Hockeyroos

Dwyer made her senior international debut for the Hockeyroos in 2013, in a test match against Argentina in Perth, Western Australia.
In 2014, Dwyer appeared for the national team again, during a test series in New Zealand and at the Champions Trophy in Argentina, where she won a silver medal.
# Moutheater

Moutheater is an American rock band from Virginia, primarily composed of drummer/recording engineer Tim Gault and songwriter/multi-instrumentalist Andrew Aircraft. After recording their first 7" with influential engineer Steve Albini during the summer of 2007, the band then began the task of recording the rest of their discography themselves at Tim's Double O Recording.
With a sometimes rotating cast of bass players and other musicians, the band has recorded two full lengths, several ep's, and toured the eastern half of the US multiple times.
Their first full length, Ornament, was released in July 2009, and was featured in Alternative Press, Decibel, and Outburn, as well as other outlets.
After spending a year in the studio throughout 2013 and 2014, and dubbing themselves "Kozmic Noise Rock Flower Sludge", their latest effort, Passing Key, is a culmination of subtle psychedelic influences and their usual early 1990s alternative bedrock, combined with their unique brand of pop-song structured, heavy, noise-rock.

## Influences

Moutheater have cited various influences including Nirvana (band), Swans (band), The Melvins, The Jesus Lizard, Godflesh, Neurosis (band), Scratch Acid, Tad (band), Helmet (band), Failure (band), Cursed (band), The Smashing Pumpkins, Queens of The Stone Age, and His Hero Is Gone.

## Discography

* Lot Lizard (2007, 7", Thrashed Records)
* No Ballet (2007, CS/CDr, Swim Harder Cassettes)
* Vegas/Moutheater split (2008, 7", Thrashed Records)
* Thrashed Records Vol. 1 Compilation (2008, CS, Thrashed Records, contributed the song Signs Of Weakness)
* Ornament (2009, CD, Thrashed Records; 2012, LP, Head2Wall Records)
* Colonial (2011, 12", Last Anthem Records)
* Passing Key (2014, LP, Anthems of The Undesirable)

## Current members

* Andrew Aircraft - Guitar/Vocals (2007–present)
* Tim Gault - Drums (2007–present)
* Chris Matthews - Bass/Guitar (2014–present)
* Seth McPherson - Bass (2016–present)

## Former members

* Brett Mathews - Bass (2009–2010)
* Jeb Black - Bass (2010–2011)
* Aaron F. - Bass (2007-2009), (2012–2014)
* J. Chapman - Bass (2011-2012), Guitar (2012-2014)
# Portraits (So Long Ago, So Clear)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Portraits (So Long Ago, So Clear) is a 1996 compilation album of works by Greek electronic composer and artist Vangelis.
The album features some of the most-renowned Vangelis' solo work, as well as songs from Jon & Vangelis, his collaboration with Yes vocalist Jon Anderson.

## Track listing

All songs were written by Vangelis, except where noted.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for Portraits (So Long Ago, So Clear) :
| Chart (1996) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 58 |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 3 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 4 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 5 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 4 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 13 |
| Portuguese Albums Chart | 1 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 59 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 7 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 14 |
| US Billboard New Age Albums | 8 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for Portraits (So Long Ago, So Clear) :
| Chart (1996) | Position |
| German Albums Chart | 89 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Austria (IFPI Austria) | Gold | 25,000$^*$ |
| Belgium (BEA) | Gold | 25,000$^*$ |
| France (SNEP) | Gold | 100,000$^*$ |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | Gold | 50,000$^^$ |
| Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) | Gold | 25,000$^^$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000$^*$ |
| Summaries |||
| Europe (IFPI) | Platinum | 1,000,000 |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Mr. Potter of Texas (film)

Mr. Potter of Texas is a 1922 American silent comedy film directed by Leopold Wharton and starring Macklyn Arbuckle, Louiszita Valentine and Corene Uzzell. It is based on the 1888 novel of the same title by Archibald Clavering Gunter.

## Cast

* Macklyn Arbuckle as Mr. Potter of Texas
* Louiszita Valentine as Ida Potter
* Corene Uzzell as Lady Annerly
* Robert Frazer as Charles Errol
* Raymond Hodge as Ralph Errol
* Gloria Smythe as Amy Lincoln
* Gerard Witherby as Lt. Dean
* Harry Carr as The Levantine
# Mr. Potter (novel)

Mr. Potter (2002) is a novel by Antiguan born writer Jamaica Kincaid. It tells the story of a girl growing up without a father. When Mr. Potter, the father, died, a part of the girl (Elaine) died with him.
# Moyse Building

The Moyse Building, also known as the Gray Building, is a historic building located at 13150 7th Street in Chino, California. Built in 1887, it is the oldest surviving building in the city. The building has served in several capacities for the city and has played a part in several civic firsts. After W. R. Dawson completed the building, he ran Chino's first post office from it. The second floor housed the city's first school, which had five students its first year. When Chino was first connected to telephone service, the Moyse Building was one of the first buildings with a connection. The building also hosted the city's first communal Thanksgiving celebration, which was led by the Rev. A. B. Orgen. In recent years, the building has housed the Chino Chamber of Commerce.
The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 1979.
# The Best of Rod Stewart

The Best of Rod Stewart may refer to:
* The Best of Rod Stewart (1976 album)
* The Best of Rod Stewart (1989 album)
# Mrima Hill mine

The Mrima Hill mine is a large niobium mine located in southern Kenya in the Coast Province, close to Mombasa. Mrima Hill represents one of the largest niobium reserves in Kenya, having estimated reserves of 105.3 million tonnes of ore grading 0.65% niobium metal.
# Muddy Water

Muddy Water may refer to:

## Music

* "Muddy Water", a 1926 song with lyrics by Jo Trent and music by Peter DeRose & Harry Richman, covered by many artists
* "Muddy Water", a song by English rock group Free, from the 1973 album Heartbreaker
* "Muddy Water", a song by The Seldom Scene from the 1973 album Act III, covered by various artists
* "Muddy Water", a song from the 1985 musical Big River: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
* "Muddy Water", a song by country singer Clint Black from the 1990 album Put Yourself in My Shoes
* "Muddy Water", a song by Dallas Crane from the 2006 album Factory Girls
* "Muddy Water", a song by Eddi Reader from the 2007 album Peacetime
* "Muddy Water" (Trace Adkins song), a 2008 single
* "Muddy Water", a song by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard from the 2017 album Gumboot Soup
* "Muddy Water", a song by Stray Kids, from the 2022 album Oddinary

## Places

* Nam Khun district, a district in Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand
* Waipara, a township in North Canterbury, New Zealand
# Rhinoscapha schmeltzi

Rhinoscapha schmeltzi is a species of true weevil family. It occurs in New Britain, Duke of York Island.
# The Beginning of a Beautiful Life

The Beginning of a Beautiful Life is the fourth studio album from Indonesian pop group Maliq & D'Essentials. Released on 8 July 2010, it is the last album to feature keyboardist Ifa Fachir who left the band the following year.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Widi Puradiredja except where noted

## Personnel

Maliq & D'Essentials
* Angga Puradiredja – vocals
* Indah Wisnuwardhana – vocals
* Widi Puradiredja – drums, Moog
* Dendy "Javafinger" Sukarno – bass
* Arya "Lale" Aditya – guitar
* Ifa Fachir – keyboards
Additional musicians
* Amar Ibrahim – trumpet and flugelhorn (tracks 1, 2, 4 and 7)
* Reza Jozef "Rejoz" Patty – percussion (tracks 2, 3, 4 and 7)
* Doni Koeswinarno – flute and saxophone (tracks 1, 2 and 7)
Production
* Eki "EQ" Puradiredja – producer
* Widi Puradiredja – co-producer, engineer
* Indra Lesmana – mixing and mastering
* Dendy "Javafinger" Sukarno – engineer
# Mufti Abdullah

Mufti Abdullah (1931 – May 31, 2013) was a Pakistani, politician. He was the Gilgit-Baltistan MLA for Khaplu.
# Mountains of the Dingle Peninsula

Mountains of the Dingle Peninsula may refer to:
* Brandon Group, a mountain range in the western Dingle peninsula
* Mountains of the Central Dingle Peninsula, a mountain range in the central Dingle peninsula
* Slieve Mish Mountains, a mountain range in the eastern Dingle peninsula
# TUT FM 96.2

TUT FM 96.2 is a South African university campus radio station based in Soshanguve, Gauteng. It broadcasts from the Soshanguve Campus of the Tshwane University of Technology.
The station mainly targets the youth / students.
It is one of the first campus community radio stations to be given a one-year term broadcasting licence by the then Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) in 1994. The station has been able to renew its licence under the Electronic Communications Act awarded in 2014.
The station broadcasts within a 50 km radius from 06:00 AM to 12:00 AM daily and has a listenership of about 50 000. It targets mainly the youth aged between 15 and 35 and broadcasts in six languages that are English, isiZulu, Sepedi, Setswana, Tshivenḓa, and Xitsonga as per regulatory framework.
TUT FM 96.2 broadcasts on 96.2 MHz FM Stereo from studios in the Tshwane University of Technology's Soshanguve Campus to most areas in Pretoria that are within a 50 km radius including Soshanguve, Ga-Rankuwa, Mabopane, Winterveldt, Pretoria suburbs and CBD, Centurion, Hatfield, Brooklyn, and many more. The station targets the listeners between 15 – 35 in the LSM group 3–7. The programming reflects a multi-cultural flavour targeted at the young black listener in the township, high school, college and university and the community, consists of about 40% talk and 60% music and includes the local news, traffic reports, and weather reports.

## Broadcast languages

* English
* Tswana
* Venda
* Zulu
* Pedi
* Tsonga

## Broadcast time

* 24/7
** 18 hours of shows (6am to 12am)
** 6 hours of automated shuttle (12am to 6am)

## Target audience

* Low to Middle Class
* Age Group 14 - 35
* Semi-urban and urban audience

## Programme format

* 60% Music
* 40% Talk

## Listenership figures

Estimated Listenership :
| | 7 Day |
| Feb 2013 | 40 000 |
| Dec 2012 | 58 000 |
| Oct 2012 | 67 000 |
| Aug 2012 | 63 000 |
| Jun 2012 | 51 000 |

## Location

The station's physical address is: No. 2 College Block L, Soshanguve, Gauteng
Soshanguve South campus of Tshwane University of Technology., ± 35 km North of Pretoria CBD.
# Mountains of the Mind

Mountains of the Mind: A History of a Fascination is a book by British writer Robert Macfarlane published in 2003 about the history of human fascination with mountains. The book takes its title from a line by the poet Gerard Manley Hopkins and combines history with first-person narrative. He considers why people are drawn to mountains despite their obvious dangers, and examines the powerful, and sometimes fatal, hold that mountains can come to have over the imagination. The book's heroes include the mountaineer George Mallory, and its influences include the writing of Simon Schama and Francis Spufford. In the end, Macfarlane criticizes Mallory for devoting more time to the mountain than his wife and notes that he has personally sworn off high-risk mountaineering. The New York Times's John Rothchild praised the book, writing "There's fascinating stuff here, and a clever premise, but Mountains of the Mind may cause recovering climbaholics to trace their addiction to their early homework assignments and file class-action lawsuits against their poetry teachers."

## Reception

The Daily Telegraph reported on reviews from several publications with a rating scale for the novel out of "Love It", "Pretty Good", "Ok", and "Rubbish": Times and Spectator reviews under "Love It" and Guardian, Independent, Sunday Times, Sunday Telegraph, Observer, New Statesman, Literary Review, and TLS reviews under "Pretty Good" and Daily Telegraph review under "Ok".

## Awards

Mountains of the Mind won the Guardian First Book Award and the Somerset Maugham Award.
Awards and Nominations :
| Year | Award | Result |
| 2003 | Boardman Tasker Prize for Mountain Literature | Nominated |
| 2003 | Guardian First Book Award | Won |
| 2004 | Somerset Maugham Award | Won |
| 2004 | Sunday Times/Peters Fraser + Dunlop Young Writer of the Year Award | Won |
# Paul Shattock

Paul Shattock OBE is a British autism researcher and scientific consultant to the charity Education and Services for People with Autism, of which he is also the founder. He was formerly the director of the Autism Research Unit at the University of Sunderland. He is well known for his disputed research into dietary therapy and autism, having claimed that autistic children may have a "leaky gut" which allows certain peptides to enter the bloodstream, and claimed that they excrete unusually high levels thereof. As a result of this speculation, he has promoted the use of a gluten-free, casein-free diet to ameliorate the symptoms of autism, a theory he developed along with Kalle Reichelt. In addition, he has claimed that a protein found in milk may play a role in the etiology of autism. He is also the former president of the World Autism Organization.
In 2002, Shattock conducted a survey and claimed that this survey had identified a unique subset of autistic children who may be uniquely susceptible to the MMR vaccine. These children were identified by the fact that they tended to suffer from bowel problems, had an abnormal gait and were friendlier than other autistic children. In addition, this survey concluded that one in ten parents of autistic children attributed their child's autism to this vaccine, and that these children had much higher levels of urinary indolyl-3-acryloylglycine. However, Shattock was criticized by Peter Dukes of the Medical Research Council, who noted that Shattock's findings had yet to be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

## Personal life

Shattock has a son, Jamie, who was diagnosed with autism in 1975.
In 1980 Shattock helped raise £80,000 to pay for the North East Autism Society (NEAS) centre at Thornhill Park, when he was known as "the Birdman".
# TWU

TWU may refer to:
* Telecommunications Workers Union, Canada
* Texas Wesleyan University, Fort Worth, US
* Texas Woman's University, Denton, US
* Tin Wu stop, Hong Kong - MTR station code TWU
* Transport Workers Union of America
* Transport Workers' Union of Australia
* TransWorld University, Yunlin, Taiwan
* Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
* Tawau Airport, Sabah, Malaysia – IATA code TWU