OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia

Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is a medical condition in which acute psychological stress can trigger a transient myocardial ischemia, which is a state of reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often without the presence of significant coronary artery disease (CAD). It is distinct from conventional stress ischemia caused by physical exertion or pharmacological agents. MSIMI is often silent and detected through specific cardiac function tests during mental stress challenges.

## Mechanism

Mental stress triggers various physiological changes in the body, activating mechanisms such as the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA), resulting in hemodynamic, neuroendocrine, and immune responses. Typically, these responses are adaptive and help individuals cope with environmental changes, referred to as the "defense response," which prepares them for fight or flight. Consequently, the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events resulting from mental stress is influenced by external factors and an individual's stress threshold, which is shaped by genetic predispositions and life experiences. This variability explains why people respond differently to stressors.
Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia involves abnormal microvascular vasoreactivity and inflammation, with increased brain activity in regions that modulate autonomic nervous system reactivity to emotional stress, fear. Emotional responses and certain psychological traits may influence the occurrence of MSIMI. MSIMI can occur at lower cardiac workloads, independent of hemodynamic changes, and is not directly related to the severity of angiographic CHD. It can occur in patients with normal cardiac stress testing and can often be silent.

## Clinical significance

MSIMI is associated with a twofold increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to those without MSIMI. It is particularly prevalent among young women with myocardial infarction (MI) and those with psychological comorbidities.
Studies have found that young women who have had a myocardial infarction are twice as likely to develop mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) compared to men of similar age.

## Diagnostics

Various techniques like electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and positron emission tomography (PET) are used to assess MSIMI. The incidence of MSIMI has varied across studies due to different assessment methods and mental stressors.

## Treatment

Current research focuses on understanding stress pathways in CAD and integrating mental health, behavioral medicine with routine cardiology care to improve patient outcomes.

## Epidemiology

Approximately 30% of CAD patients experience MSIMI under mental stress, which typically is silent and not related to the severity of CAD.
# Mentes

Mentes can refer to:
* two characters in Greek mythology:
** Mentes (King of the Cicones), as described in the Iliad
** Mentes (King of the Taphians), as described in the Odyssey
* Menteş, Sandıklı, village in Turkey
Mentes is the surname of:
* Mentes József (1925-96), Hungarian actor
* Murat Menteş (d. 1974), Turkish writer
* Yalçın Menteş (b. 1960), Turkish actor
# Wanguo Quantu

Wanguo Quantu or the Complete Map of the Myriad Countries is a map developed in the 1620s by the Jesuit Giulio Aleni in Ming China following the earlier work of Matteo Ricci, who was the first Jesuit to speak Chinese and to publish maps of the world in Chinese from 1574 to 1603. Aleni modified Ricci's maps to accommodate Chinese demands for a Sinocentric projection, placing the "Middle Kingdom" at the center of the visual field.
# Lambda distribution

The lambda distribution is either of two probability distributions used in statistics:
* Tukey's lambda distribution is a shape-conformable distribution used to identify an appropriate common distribution family to fit a collection of data to.
* Wilks' lambda distribution is an extension of Snedecor's F-distribution for matricies used in multivariate hypothesis testing, especially with regard to the likelihood-ratio test and multivariate analysis of variance.
# Lamer

Lamer is a jargon or slang name originally applied in cracker and phreaker culture to someone who did not really understand what they were doing. Today it is also loosely applied by IRC, BBS, demosceners, and online gaming users to anyone perceived to be contemptible. In general, the term has come to describe someone who is willfully ignorant of how things work. It is derived from the word "lame".
A lamer is sometimes understood to be the antithesis of a hacker. While a hacker strives to understand the mechanisms behind what they use, even when such extended knowledge would have no practical value, a lamer only cares to learn the bare minimum necessary to operate the device in the way originally intended.

## Origin

At least one example of the term "lamer" to mean "a dull, stupid, inept, or contemptible person" appeared as early as 1961. It was popularized among Amiga crackers of the mid-1980s by "Lamer Exterminator", a notable Amiga virus, which gradually corrupted non-write-protected floppy disks with bad sectors. The bad sectors, when examined, were overwritten with repetitions of the string "LAMER!".
In phreak culture, a lamer is one who scams codes from others and lacks understanding of the fundamental concepts. In warez culture, where the ability to distribute cracked commercial software within days of (or before) release to the commercial market is much esteemed, the lamer might try to upload garbage, shareware, or outdated releases.
# Lake Herrera

Lake Herrera is a small lake located at 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the urban centre of Mosquera and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of the capital Bogotá in Cundinamarca, Colombia. The Andean lake has made its name in the Herrera Period, the period in the history of central Colombia before the Muisca Period, after archaeologist Sylvia Broadbent excavated ceramics around Lake Herrera in 1971.

## Description

Lake Herrera is situated on the Bogotá savanna; the southwestern part of the Andean high plateau in the Eastern Ranges; the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. The lake is one of many remainders of the Pleistocene Lake Humboldt. It is the largest remaining natural water reserve on the Bogotá savanna and the reserve belongs to the municipalities Mosquera, Madrid and Bojacá.

### History

Investigations by archaeologist Gonzalo Correal Urrego in 1984 have revealed the existence of a preceramic site with two layers. The oldest layer has been dated at 3410 years BP and the younger layer at 3135 BP.
Correal Urrego has discovered preceramic tools and wooden beams in horizontal position, possibly used to against the lake overflowing. Different stone tools found are scrapers and chips with sharp edges. Other tools were handles, and white-tailed deer bone tools for perforation, scraping and cutting. Evidence of fireplaces and burial grounds has been uncovered. One of the burial sites contained a full skeleton surrounded by five skulls. Remains of fauna collected by the hunter-gatherers were mammals, birds and snails. The presence of basalt, not formed on the Altiplano, indicated movement from the Magdalena Valley.
When the climatic conditions became drier and layers of volcanic ash were deposited around the lake in the first millennium BCE, the inhabitants of the region started to develop agriculture around the lake.
Later excavations have provided ceramic with a typical red colour, rich in SiO$_2$.
The lake is a residual part of Lake Humboldt, but since 1973 functions as an artificial lake after the construction of drainage channels. The lake is fed from the Bojacá River from the northeast and from the San José channel, fed by the Bogotá River in the southwest. Between 1969 and 2013 the surface area of the lake has been reduced with 175 hectares (430 acres).
Recent mining activities close to the lake endanger the environment of Lake Herrera, formalised a water reserve on July 23, 2006.

### Biodiversity

Flora and fauna around the lake is endangered and migrating birds use Lake Herrera. Several species have been found and described in and around the lake:
* thickhead ground snake (Atractus crassicaudatus)
* Cheilanthes myriophylla
* Drymaeus nigrofasciatus
* Stenocercus trachycephalus

### Tourism

The lake can be visited and walked around, although some parts are privately owned and access permits have to be arranged.

## Trivia

* Another name for Lake Herrera and its surroundings is Sabrisky Desert
# Lang Chánh

Lang Chánh is a township (thị trấn) and capital of Lang Chánh District, Thanh Hóa Province, Vietnam.
# Lang (Chinese surname)

Láng is a surname of Manchu-Chinese origin (Chinese: 郎; pinyin: Láng). It was an official title in imperial times, meaning "minister" or "councillor". According to a 2013 study, it is the 242nd most common surname, with around 370,000 or 0.028% of the total population having the name, and Hebei being the province with the most people sharing the name. It is the 48th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.

## Origins

* Lang (郎) was the name of a city where Fei Bo (費伯), the grandson of Duke Yi of Lu lived. Some of his descendants later changed their original surname Fei to Lang (郎).
* the surname is also borne by some families from the state of the South Huns.
Additionally, during the Qing dynasty China, the Niohuru family of Manchu origin sinicized and changed their family name to Lang (郎), which sounded like "wolf" (狼, also Láng) in Mandarin Chinese, since "wolf" in the Manchu language was niohuru.

## Notable people

* Lang Jingshan, photographer
* Lang Lang (born 1982), pianist
* Lang Ping (born 1960), former volleyball player and coach
* Lang Zheng (郎征; born 1986), footballer
* Lang Shining (1688–1766), Chinese name of Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian Jesuit Brother
* Lang Tzu-yun (郎祖筠; born 1965) is a Taiwanese actress
* Lang Yongchun (郎永淳; born 1971) is a former Chinese news anchor best known for his work at China Central Television
# Merces baronets

The Merces Baronetcy, of France, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 2 April 1660 for Anthony de Merces, a French gentleman. However, nothing further is known of him or any possible descendants.

## Merces baronets, of France (1660)

* Sir Anthony de Merces, 1st Baronet
# Landerolaria

Landerolaria is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. It includes ten species endemic to Australia, native to the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, and Western Australia.

## Species

Ten species are accepted.
* Landerolaria arckaringensis (P.J.Lang) G.L.Nesom – South Australia
* Landerolaria eremaea (Lander) G.L.Nesom – Western Australia
* Landerolaria gordonii (Lander) G.L.Nesom – Queensland and South Australia
* Landerolaria humilis (Lander) G.L.Nesom – Western Australia
* Landerolaria laciniifolia (Lander) G.L.Nesom – southern Western Australia
* Landerolaria macdonnellensis (D.A.Cooke) G.L.Nesom – southern Northern Territory
* Landerolaria newbeyi (Lander) G.L.Nesom southern Western Australia
* Landerolaria orientalis (A.R.Bean & Jobson) G.L.Nesom – central-eastern Queensland
* Landerolaria stuartii (F.Muell.) G.L.Nesom – Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, and Western Australia
* Landerolaria xerophila (F.Muell.) G.L.Nesom – northwestern, central, and northeastern Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, and Western Australia)
# Landeros

Landeros is a surname. Notable people with this name include:
* Gerardo Vargas Landeros (born 1962), Mexican businessman
* Gilberto Landeros Briseño, Mexican Army brigadier general
* Nikko Landeros (born 1989), ice hockey player
* Rob Landeros, computer game designer
# Warburg–Christian method

The Warburg–Christian method is an ultraviolet spectroscopic protein and nucleic acid assay method based on the absorbance of UV light at 260 nm and 280 nm wavelengths. Proteins generally absorb light at 280 nanometers due to the presence of tryptophan and tyrosine. Nucleic acids absorb more at 260 nm, primarily due to purine and pyrimidine bases. The Warburg–Christian method combines measurements at these wavelengths to estimate the amounts of protein and nucleic acid present. Original description of the method appeared in 1941.
The method is named for its creators, the German cancer researcher Otto Heinrich Warburg, Nobel Prize winner, and his employee Walter Christian of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology in Berlin.
# Warm Ghost

Warm Ghost is an electronic experimental pop group based out of Brooklyn, New York, specializing in ambient synth pop. Formed by singer / multi-instrumentalist Paul Duncan, Warm Ghost became a duo with Daniel Lewis in 2011. The group pairs spacious synthesizers with skittering, electronic beats, creating a textural sound that is highly eclectic. Their recordings have drawn comparisons to numerous genres and groups, including Autechre, Depeche Mode, Fennesz, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, and Cluster. Paul Duncan has said that Arthur Russell is an influence on Warm Ghost.
In 2011, Warm Ghost made their debut with the Claws Overhead EP, released on Geographic North, and followed up later that year with their first full-length effort, Narrows, on Partisan Records. The group is notable for positive attention from avant-garde music critics.
Duncan was born in East Texas, but studied painting and sound design at Savannah College of Art and Design in Savannah, Georgia, before moving to Atlanta and then Brooklyn, New York. He has collaborated with artists including multi-instrumentalist Oren Ambarchi, Joe Stickney of Bear in Heaven, cellist Fred Lonberg-Holm, David Daniell and members of the groups Tortoise and Grizzly Bear. On top of mixing and producing duties, Duncan also provides the majority of the instrumentation of his records, including piano, guitar, bass, cello, Rhodes, melodica, synths, glockenspiel, drums, percussion, and harmonica. He has art directed all of Warm Ghost's music videos and remixed numerous other artists under the moniker Warm Ghost, including Junip, Lotus Plaza, Bear in Heaven and taken a cappella folk pop harmonies from the group Mountain Man and turned it into "electropop." There is no consensus about what genre best describes the band's music, but it has been described by various reviewers as coldwave, electropop, gothic, and chillwave.

## Music reviews

Pitchfork reviewer Joshua Love wrote that Duncan's music departed from the chillwave style of artists such as Neon Indian and Washed Out because of Duncan's "sternly romantic voice" which helps give his music a "general smeary, indistinct aesthetic, which is possibly its most alluring strength." A review on Weird Fishes described the Uncut Diamond album positively with "smooth vocals" with songs that are "beautiful and perplexing." Reviewer Brad Knain in Hybrid Magazine described the Uncut Diamond album to be an "electronic treat" that "sounds almost like samples from Bladerunner mixed with The Breakfast Club soundtrack." Reviewer Andrew Duncan from ZapTown Magazine wrote that the music was a "full sound of delightful synth delicacies that never over-cooks a style." A review in ALTsounds described the music as "psychedelic electronic dream pop" which was driven by Duncan's vocal talent.

## Discography

* Claws Overhead (EP), 2011, Geographic North
* Uncut Diamond (EP; reissue of Claws Overhead with two bonus tracks), 2011, Partisan Records
* Narrows (LP), 2011, Partisan Records
# Metropolitan Palace, Lviv

The Metropolitan Palace, also known as Greek Catholic Archbishops Palace, opposite St. George's Cathedral in Lviv, Ukraine, has been the principal residence of the Metropolitans of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church since the 16th century. The current building was erected in 1761-62 to Clement Fessinger's designs and displays traits of the transition from Baroque to Neo-Classical. The façade bears a plaque in memory of Archbishop Andrey Sheptytsky. On the west side of the palace extends an old flower garden. Pope John Paul II stayed at the palace during his 2001 visit to Ukraine.
# Merry-Go-Round (disambiguation)

A merry-go-round or carousel is a popular amusement ride.
Merry-Go-Round may also refer to:

## Films

* The Merry-Go-Round (film), a 1920 German silent film
* Merry-Go-Round (1923 film), a film by Erich von Stroheim
* Merry-Go-Round of 1938, a 1937 comedy film by Irving Cummings
* Merry-Go-Round (1956 film), a Hungarian drama
* Merry-Go-Round (1981 film), a film by Jacques Rivette
* Merry-Go-Round (2001 film), a Hong Kong film starring Lawrence Chou and Rainie Yang
* Merry-Go-Round (2010 film), a Turkish drama film
* Merry-Go-Round (2010 Hong Kong film), a Hong Kong film of 2010
* Merry-Go-Round (2017 film), a Ukrainian-Polish short film

## Music

* The Merry-Go-Round, a Los Angeles-based pop band

### Albums

* Merry Go Round (Delinquent Habits album) (2000)
* Merry-Go-Round (Elvin Jones album) (1972)
* Merry-Go-Round, a 2000 album by Freddy Cole

### Songs

* "Merry Go Round" (The Replacements song), from All Shook Down (1990)
* "Merry-Go-Round" (Moya Brennan song), from Heart Strings (2006)
* "Merry Go Round" (Royce da 5'9" song) from Success Is Certain (2011)
* "Merry Go 'Round" (Kacey Musgraves song), from Same Trailer Different Park (2012)
* "Merry-Go-Round" (Ayumi Hamasaki song), from Colours (2014)
* "Merry-Go-Round", a 1972 song by ABBA from People Need Love
* "Merry Go Round", a 2005 song by Babyshambles from Down in Albion
* "Merry Go Round", a 2020 song by Bladee from Exeter
* "Merry-Go-Round", a 1991 song by Deborah Blando from A Different Story
* "Merry Go Round", a 1968 song by Fleetwood Mac from Fleetwood Mac
* "Merry Go Round", a 2011 song by the JaneDear Girls from the JaneDear girls
* "Merry Go Round", a 1990 song by Keith Sweat from I'll Give All My Love to You
* "Merry-Go-Round", a 1976 song by Montrose from Jump On It
* "Merry-Go-Round", a 1981 song by Mötley Crüe from Too Fast for Love
* "Merry Go Round", a 1968 song by Wild Man Fischer from An Evening with Wild Man Fischer
* "Merry-Go-Round", a 2004 song by Joe Hisaishi from Howl's Moving Castle (film)
* "MerryGoRound", a 2013 song by Fitz and the Tantrums from More Than Just a Dream
* "MerryGoRound", a 2008 song by The Vines from Melodia (album)

## Other uses

* Merry-Go-Round (Gertler painting)
* Merry-Go-Round (radio programme), a World War II BBC programme
* Merry-Go-Round (TV series), a 1961 Australian television show
* Merry-Go-Round (retailer), a defunct American clothing retailer
* Merry-Go Round, an educational BBC TV series aimed at primary school children (1963-1983)
# Wausaukee (town), Wisconsin

Wausaukee is a town in Marinette County, Wisconsin, United States. The estimated population was 573 in 2011. The Village of Wausaukee is located within the town. The unincorporated community of Cedarville is located partially in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 77.4 square miles (200.6 km$^2$), of which, 75.7 square miles (196.1 km$^2$) of it is land and 1.7 square miles (4.4 km$^2$) of it (2.21%) is water.
The Wausaukee River flows through the town into the Menominee River.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,196 people, 469 households, and 354 families residing in the town. The population density was 15.8 inhabitants per square mile (6.1/km$^2$). There were 1,036 housing units at an average density of 13.7 per square mile (5.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 98.49% White, 0.08% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. 0.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 469 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.9% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 31.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $35,530, and the median income for a family was $39,375. Males had a median income of $32,337 versus $20,476 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,610. About 2.9% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.
# Wausaukee

Wausaukee is the name of a town and a village in Marinette County, Wisconsin:
* Wausaukee (town)
* Wausaukee (village)
# Languages of Ecuador

Spanish is the official and most commonly spoken language in Ecuador. Northern Quechua and other pre-colonial American languages were spoken by 2,300,000 in the past (Adelaar 1991). Ethnologue lists 24 languages of Ecuador:
* Achuar–Shiwiar
* Awa–Cuaiquer
* Cha'palaachi
* Cofán
* Colorado
* Ecuadorian Sign Language
* Emberá languages
* Media Lengua
* 9 varieties of Quechua
* Secoya
* Shuar
* Spanish
* Siona
* Tetete
* Waorani
* Záparo
# Lakhamari

Lākhāmaari (Nepalese: लाखामरि) is a type of sweet of Newars. It is made of flour, sugar, butter and other ingredients. It can be made in different shapes and are named differently depending upon the shapes. It is customarily given to guests of marriage ceremony in some Newar subculture. Prior to marriage, the groom has to provide 'lakhamaari's to the bride's family, which they will send along with the invitation card for marriage. However, lakhamaaris will only be sent to close relatives. Lakhamaari can be stored dry for many days.
# Stewart Bruce

Stewart or Stuart Bruce may refer to:
* Stewart Bruce (cricketer) (born 1969), Scottish cricketer
* Sir Stewart Bruce, 1st Baronet (c. 1764–1841), of the Bruce baronets
* Stuart Bruce (engineer) (born 1962), English recording engineer
# Purple soft coral

The purple soft coral (Alcyonium fauri) is a species of colonial soft coral in the family Alcyoniidae.

## Description

Purple soft corals grow in small colonies of up to 3 cm in height. The diameter of the individual polyps is 0.4 cm. They are usually bright purple, although they may be yellow, pink, red, dark grey or orange. The soft colony is encrusting and variably shaped. Feeding polyps extend eight tentacles into the water column.

## Distribution

This species is known from Saldanha Bay to Richards Bay off the South African coast, and lives from the low intertidal to 90m under water.

## Ecology

This species feeds on microplankton. It is preyed on by the nudibranchs Leminda millecra and two extremely well camouflaged species from the genus Tritonia.
# Wayne Nicholson

Wayne L. Nicholson (March 26, 1958 – June 8, 2023) was an American biologist. He received his PhD from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1987 and served as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Connecticut from 1987-1990. He taught in the department of microbiology and cell biology at the University of Florida, and also held the title of Distinguished Professor.
# Richard Mahoney (disambiguation)

Richard Mahoney (born 1951) is a former Secretary of State of Arizona.
Richard Mahoney may also refer to:
* Richard Mahoney (Costa Rican footballer) in 2002 Copa Interclubes UNCAF
* Richard Mahoney (rugby union) in 2007–08 National Division Three South
* Richard J. Mahoney, Canadian political candidate