OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Armstrong Percy III

William Armstrong Percy III (December 10, 1933 – October 30, 2022) was an American professor, historian, encyclopedist, and gay activist. He taught from 1968 at the University of Massachusetts Boston, and started publishing in gay studies in 1985.

## Early life and education

Bill was born to Anne Minor Dent and William Armstrong Percy, II, of the Mississippi Percy family. His mother was raised by her widowed uncle, the distinguished Memphis lawyer Dent Minor. He was a descendant of 17th-century Dent settlers in Maryland and the Minors in Virginia. Dent's great-uncle John B. Minor taught law at the University of Virginia from 1845 to 1895 and served for decades there as dean of the Law School.\

## Career

Percy taught at the University of New Orleans, Louisiana State University, and the University of Missouri at St. Louis for two years each. In 1968 he moved to the University of Massachusetts at Boston. After gaining tenure and promotion to full professor there, in 1975 Percy "came out" to colleagues. He joined the fight for equal rights for gays in 1982 after meeting gay activist Charley Shively. Percy served as the other associate editor with Warren Johansson of the Encyclopedia of Homosexuality (1990), which won six prizes. It has recently been reprinted by Rutledge, costing $500 for the two volumes.
Paul Cartledge, of the University of Cambridge, described Percy's Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece (1996) as the first work to try to go beyond Kenneth Dover's "groundbreaking" Greek Homosexuality. Dover's work, influenced by pseudo-Freudianism, was very homophobic. Cartledge noted there were finer works in German that were translated into English before Dover wrote.
Percy published The Age of Marriage in Ancient Rome (2003), arguing that Roman males married at younger ages than concluded by historians, and to younger women. The earlier average dates were found by Percy among his personal trove of ancient Roman wedding licenses and divorce papyri. Of all ancient people studied by Percy, only Greek males waited until about 30 to marry. In Sparta, they normally married females of 18, but in other free cities, they married females aged from 14 to 16, soon after the passage to puberty.
William Armstrong Percy III died on October 30, 2022, at the age of 88.
# Sticherus quadripartitus

Sticherus quadripartitus is a species of fern native to Chile with a natural distribution ranging from the latitude of Concepción (~37° S) in the north to Magallanes Region (~55° S) in the south including adjacent parts of Argentina. It is also found in the Juan Fernández Islands. It grows found from sea level up to 1800 m.a.s.l. and occurs in humid areas that are neither shady or too exposed to direct sunlight.
# Michael Golomb

Michael Golomb (May 3, 1909 in Munich – April 9, 2008) was an American mathematician and educator who was affiliated with Purdue University for over half a century. He was a student of Erhard Schmidt and Adolf Hammerstein, and received his doctorate from the University of Berlin in 1933. However, as a Jew, he had to leave Germany shortly afterwards to avoid Nazi persecution. After a short period in Zagreb in the former Yugoslavia, Michael Golomb arrived in the U.S. in 1939, when he turned to applied mathematics. He was one of the first mathematicians to apply normed vector spaces in numerical analysis. He taught mathematics at Purdue University from 1942 until his retirement in 1975, at times holding joint appointment with the Schools of Engineering. He continued to teach as Professor Emeritus.
In 1998 in Berlin, Michael Golomb was honored as part of a special exhibition entitled "Terror and Exile: Persecuted and expelled Berlin mathematicians in the time of the Nazi regime." The exhibition was organized by the city of Berlin to coincide with the International Congress of Mathematicians there.
Golomb co-authored a paper with Paul Erdős, and so has an Erdős number of one.
# Richard Stanfield

Richard Stanfield PRSSA FRSE MICE MIMechE (23 June 1863 – 10 October 1950) was a British civil engineer active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

## Early life

Born in England on 23 June 1863, Stanfield was educated at the Manchester Grammar School, Manchester. In around 1877 he began an apprenticeship with the firm John Chadwick and Sons.
In 1883, he won a Senior Whitworth Scholarship and then studied mine engineering at the Royal School of Mines in London under Professor Thomas Minchin Goodeve.
He also studied metallurgy and assaying under Professor Sir William Roberts-Austen. He won the Bessemer Gold Medal for his class.

## Career

He became Professor of Mechanics and Engineering at Heriot-Watt College in 1889. In 1908 he helped to design the new laboratories for his department, under the sponsorship of Lord Rosebery. He was consultant to the Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland from 1900 to 1930. In 1906 he helped to organise the Motor Reliability Trials for the Scottish Automobile Club in which 84 cars took place: this was one of the first organised shows of vehicles in Britain.
In 1891 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; his proposers were F. Grant Ogilvie, William Henry Perkin, Alexander Bruce and Sir Byrom Bramwell. In the same year he was elected a fellow of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts. He served as its president from 1921 to 1923. He lived at 19 Queen's Crescent in the Blacket district. He later moved to 24 Mayfield Gardens.
In the First World War he was Engineer and Secretary to the Board of Management to the Munitions Committee for south Scotland. He retired in 1930 and died on 19 October 1950.

## Selected publications

* The Campbell Oil Engine (1900)
# Isaak Krasilschik

Isaak Matveevich Krasilschik (14 April 1857 – 16 November 1920) was a Bessarabian Jewish algologist and agricultural entomologist. He established a lab to produce green muscardine for biological control of insect pests.

## Life and work

Krasilschik, a Bessarabian Jew, was born in Chișinău and was educated at the Real Lyceum of Chișinău. He graduated in natural sciences from the University of Novorossiia in Odessa (currently University of Odessa) in 1879. In 1882 he received a doctorate with a thesis on the development in Polytoma. He then began to work on problems of plant protection and applied entomology thanks to his doctoral advisor Élie Metchnikoff's influence and began to study pests, particularly phylloxera and locusts. He became a member of the Odesa phylloxera committee in 1883 under A.I. Poghibko along with E.L. Rekalo. He also collaborated with Count Bobrinski and experimented on control of the sugarbeet weevil using muscardine. He established a lab to produce the spores of muscardine. He was a founding member of the Bessarabian natural history society in 1904.
# Wayland Baptist University (Alaska)

Wayland Baptist University (Alaska) is an extension of Wayland Baptist University, a private, coeducational Baptist university based in Plainview, Texas. It maintains external campuses in Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska.
According to the university's website, Wayland Baptist University - Anchorage was established in 1985 (39 years ago) (1985). The Anchorage campus located at 7801 E. 32nd Ave at the corner of E. 32nd Ave. and Old Muldoon Road. The Anchorage campus also operates teaching sites in Wasilla, JBER-Richardson, and JBER-Elmendorf.
The Fairbanks campus was established in 1985 at Eielson Air Force Base as an extension of the Alaska campus in Anchorage and began to operate independently in 1999. The Fairbanks campus also operates teaching sites in Fort Wainwright, AK and North Pole, AK.
Both campuses offer four 11 week terms, with classes during weekday evenings, or on weekends. The Fairbanks campus also offers hybrid classes, which meet face-to-face, online, or a combination of the two.
# Mica fish

Mica fish are lenticular, elongate lozenge, parallelogram-shaped, or lens-shaped (roughly fish-shaped) single mica crystals that are often used as shear sense indicators. They commonly occur in micaceous quartzitic mylonites. They characteristically lie with their longest dimension at a small angle to the mylonitic foliation.
# Petrophile trifurcata

Petrophile trifurcata is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with three-lobed, needle-shaped, sharply-pointed leaves, and spherical heads of hairy, yellow flowers.

## Description

Petrophile trifurcata is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 35–65 cm (14–26 in) and has hairy young branchlets that become glabrous as they age. The leaves are 10–16 mm (0.39–0.63 in) long and needle-shaped, mostly with three sharply-pointed lobes up to 6 mm (0.24 in) long. The flowers are arranged at the ends of branchlets in sessile, spherical heads 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) in diameter, with egg-shaped involucral bracts at the base. The flowers are about 10 mm (0.39 in) long, yellow and hairy. Flowering has been observed in September and the fruit is a nut, fused with others in a spherical head about 12 mm (0.47 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy

Petrophile trifurcata was first formally described in 1995 by Donald Bruce Foreman in Flora of Australia from material collected near Wongan Hills in 1983. The specific epithet (trifurcata) means "three-forked", referring to the three-pronged leaves.

## Distribution and habitat

This petrophile is only known from a few locations near Wongan Hills and between Watheroo and Coorow in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains biogeographic regions, growing in sandy soil with Actinostrobus arenarius.

## Conservation status

This petrophile is classified as "Priority Two" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations.
# St. Germain (community), Wisconsin

St. Germain is an unincorporated community located in the town of St. Germain, Vilas County, Wisconsin, United States. St. Germain is located at the junction of Wisconsin Highway 70 and Wisconsin Highway 155 11.5 miles (18.5 km) west of Eagle River. St. Germain has a post office with ZIP code 54558.
# Rabia Küsmüş

Rabia Küsmüş is a Turkish karateka. She won one of the bronze medals in the women's team kata event at the 2018 World Karate Championships held in Madrid, Spain. She also won a bronze medal in this event at the 2016 World Karate Championships held in Linz, Austria.
At the 2018 European Karate Championships held in Novi Sad, Serbia, she won one of the bronze medals in the women's team kata event.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Rank | Event |
| 2015 | European Championships | Istanbul, Turkey | 1st | Team kata |
| 2016 | World Championships | Linz, Austria | 3rd | Team kata |
| 2018 | World Championships | Madrid, Spain | 3rd | Team kata |
# Lekkerkerk

Lekkerkerk is a town and former municipality on the Lek River, now part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, South Holland province, the Netherlands. Since 1 January 1985 Lekkerkerk is no longer an independent municipality.
Lekkerkerk is mostly an agricultural community with its housing, including attractive 17th, 18th, and 19th century farms, stretched out on the dike along the Lek River. Near the Reformed Church (Johanneskerk), the development is denser and forms the town centre.

## History

The oldest evidence of habitation in the Krimpenerwaard is no older than the 10th century. It is assumed that systematic cultivation only began in the 11th and early 12th century, with the river levees functioning as the base.
Initially the name of the village and its surroundings was "Leckelant". The name "Leckerkercke" was used for the first time in 1276 when a village centre formed around the new church and across the Lek River Nieuw Leckelant began to develop. In 1342 Lekkerkerk was a county with the subordinate fiefdoms of Krimpen (Krimpen aan de Lek and Krimpen aan den IJssel), Stormpolder, Ouderkerk aan den IJssel and Zuidbroek.
The first real significant growth of the village started in 1900 when several alleys were built perpendicular to the river dike. After 1950 the growth accelerated. Especially after the inauguration of the Algera Bridge at Krimpen aan den IJssel, the Krimpenerwaard became a popular location for commuters to Rotterdam.
In 1980 and 1981 Lekkerkerk gained national notoriety when it was found that the soil underneath the new neighbourhood west of the Kerkweg (Church Road) was very polluted. The cost for removal and clean-up was 188 million Dutch guilders (85 million euros).
On 1 January 1985, the municipalities of Lekkerkerk and Krimpen aan de Lek merged to form the new municipality of Nederlek.

## Economy

For centuries the economy of Lekkerkerk has been agriculture, fishing, shipping, and ship building.
Like so many other peat areas in Holland and Utrecht, agriculture in the Krimpenerwaard was characterized by crop cultivation in the higher lands and the lower areas used for cattle grazing. The primary crop was grain, but hops and cabbage were also cultivated with some orchards and even vineyards present as well.
As a result of the important fishing industries along the river, wood and ship building industries developed, as well as ropemaking. Ropemakers used to use hemp for ropes. So hemp has been cultivated on a large scale in the Krimpenerwaard since around 1600. Circa 1930, the Opperduit area still consisted almost exclusively of hemp growers but today the whole Krimpenerwaard is used for cattle grazing.
# Pharmacist (song)

"Pharmacist" is a single by Canadian indie pop band Alvvays, released on July 6, 2022 via Polyvinyl. The song is the opening track and first single from the band's 2022 album, Blue Rev. The single is the band's first release since 2017's Antisocialites.

## Composition and lyrics

"Pharmacist" is an indie pop, shoegaze, bedroom pop and noise pop song. The song ends with a guitar solo, which NME described as "extravagant" and "ripping". The track was compared to My Bloody Valentine's guitar-heavy shoegaze album, Loveless. Lead vocalist Molly Rankin's vocals are low in the mix in comparison to the instrumental.
The song's lyrics tell the story of unexpectedly meeting someone at a pharmacy. NPR wrote the lyrics are "short and memorable, but don't necessarily portray any one narrative". Loud and Quiet described the "vivid details" of the lyrics as creating a "beguiling short story".

## Critical reception

Quinn Moreland of Pitchfork gave the song their "Best New Music" accolade. Moreland wrote, "[the song] is overblown in all the right ways, with all the meticulously layered noise growing into a thicket around [Molly] Rankin's tender nostalgia". Stereogum staff ranked the song first in their "The 5 Best Songs of the Week" list for the week of July 8, 2022. They wrote, the song "sounds less like one of the their fully-formed indie-pop songs and more like an appetizer for the album". BrooklynVegan described the song as a "big-sounding first taste of the album".
Paste wrote on the track, the band "[makes] clear their intention to rough things up a bit". Clash described the track as "an expansive opener, with snarling guitars that meld into empyreal enchantment". NME compared the track to previous Alvvays works; they said Molly Rankin's vocals have a newfound clarity and Alec O'Hanley's guitars "swirl with more vengeance and energy than before". BeatsPerMinute called the track a contender for song of the year. They wrote, the track's "distortion and dreaminess is amped up from Antisocialites".
# Ramochitina

Ramochitina is an extinct genus of chitinozoans. It was described by Sommer and van Boekel in 1964.

## Species

* Ramochitina angusta (Nestor, 1982)
* Ramochitina cornuta (Laufeld, 1974)
* Ramochitina costata (Umnova, 1981)
* Ramochitina martinssoni (Laufeld, 1974)
* Ramochitina militaris (Laufeld, 1974)
* Ramochitina nestorae Grahn, 1995
* Ramochitina ruhnuensis (Nestor, 1982)
* Ramochitina spinipes (Eisenack, 1964)
* Ramochitina spinosa (Eisenack, 1932)
* Ramochitina swifti (Sutherland, 1994)
* Ramochitina tabernaculifera (Laufeld, 1974)
* Ramochitina uncinata (Laufeld, 1974)
* Ramochitina valbyttiensis (Laufeld, 1974)
* Ramochitina valladolitana (Schweineberg, 1987)
* Ramochitina villosa (Laufeld, 1974)
# William Belbin

William Belbin (7 February 1825 – 26 June 1892) was an Australian politician.
Belbin was born in Tasmania in 1825. In 1871 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly, representing the seat of South Hobart. He served until 1891. He died in 1892 in Sydney.
# William Buchanan (pastoralist)

William Frederick Buchanan (21 June 1824 – 2 May 1911) was an Australian pastoralist and gold prospector.
Buchanan was born in Dublin to Lieutenant Charles Henry Buchanan and Annie White. On 16 January 1837 the Statesman arrived in Sydney Harbour with the Buchanans and their five sons (also including Nathaniel) on board. Settling in Scone (then called Invermein), William and his father leased a cattle run in the New England area in 1839 and he later took control of the family properties. He prospected for gold in Gippsland before following one of the first rushes to Ophir in 1851; despite finding little success, he returned to New England struck by the similarity of the landscape to the gold-rich Gippsland area. Buchanan was proved correct and by 1856 the gold rush had extended to northern New South Wales.
In 1853 he relinquished his property to instead run several cattle runs on the Castlereagh River. By 1866 he had several runs near Coonamble and acquired an illustrious reputation. He was involved in trade with Britain and in 1882 moved to Narrabri, running sheep rather than cattle; he also took on leases in the Northern Territory. By this stage he was extremely wealthy and he and his brothers owned vast swathes of territory in New South Wales and the Territory. He became a life member of the Royal Colonial Institute in 1886, and after a tour of Europe wrote Australia to the Rescue (1890) in an attempt to remedy the lack of knowledge about Australia he had encountered.
Buchanan acquired the 1,000-square-mile (2,590 km$^2$) Glengyle Station in the channel country of Queensland in 1907. He intended to stock up from his Wave Hill Station in the Northern Territory, 4,000 head of cattle were immediately dispatched with Glengyle to be in good condition with plenty of feed and water.
Outside his pastoral interests he served as a magistrate from 1857. He had married Laura Eliza Connell on 31 January 1857, with whom he had five children. He is considered one of the most important Australian pastoral pioneers.
# William Butler (militiaman)

William Butler (1759 – 20 March 1818) was an American militiaman who fought in the Creek War. Born in Louisa County, Virginia, he moved to Hancock County, Georgia, where he married Charity Garrett in 1796 and served in the state legislature. He then moved west to the Alabama Territory. He served as a militia leader during the Creek War of 1813–1814.
Butler was killed near what is now Butler Springs, Alabama, on March 20, 1818, when he and four others travelling from Fort Bibb to Fort Dale were attacked by Creek Indians led by Savannah Jack. Butler managed to kill one of the attackers, but was overpowered by their numbers. His body and those others killed were found horribly mutilated the next day and were buried in the woods.
Nearly 40 years later, the remains of Captain Butler and his companions were moved to the cemetery at Greenville, Alabama, where a monument stands in their memory.
Butler County, Alabama, was named in his honor.
# Rare, Precious and Gone

"Rare, Precious and Gone" is a song by Scottish singer-songwriter Mike Scott, released as the second single from his second solo album Still Burning. It was written by Mike Scott, and produced by Scott and Niko Bolas. "Rare, Precious and Gone" reached No. 74 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1998.
Scott wrote "Rare, Precious and Gone" in 1986 at Lotts Lane in Dublin, but it was not recorded until sessions for Still Burning. A live version of the song, recorded for Virgin Radio in September 1997, was included on the 1998 compilation The Whole of the Moon: The Music of Mike Scott and the Waterboys.

## Music video

A music video was filmed in a video booth at Heathrow Airport, while Scott and his band were waiting to board a flight to Japan. Scott had initially intended to have his photo taken "for a laugh" when he discovered the booth actually recorded videos, which gave him the idea of recording a £5 music video for his upcoming single. He had the track play on his cassette player as he mimed to the track, then packaged and sent the result to Chrysalis. In his autobiography, Scott recalled: "Within a week it had been shown on several TV shows, exceeding the combined broadcast tally of the last three £50,000 videos I'd done for Chrysalis and Geffen. But even this exposure, and the dubious distinction of having made a video for a fiver, couldn't propel a Mike Scott song into the charts in 1997."

## Critical reception

Upon its release as a single, the Birmingham Evening Mail picked "Rare, Precious and Gone" as their "single of the week" and praised it as a "masterpiece in miniature from the former Waterboy". They added, "His trademark vocal all but caresses the song, which offers the best of his influences all in one instantly accessible package." In a review of Still Burning, Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian noted, "There's a new soulishness bestowed by Chicago guitarist Chris Bruce. Go directly to 'Rare, Precious and Gone' for coffee-table funk, then get over the shock on the acoustic 'Open'." The Scottish Music Network wrote, "Tracks such as 'Rare, Precious and Gone' rekindle the brass driven power of yesteryear, but most of all the dynamic electric guitars are a delight." James F. Laverty of The Phantom Tollbooth commented, "Scott may have left the 'Big Music' behind with the Eighties, but he still enjoys strings and trumpets when they're called for on songs like 'Love Anyway' and 'Rare, Precious and Gone'."

## Personnel

Rare, Precious and Gone
* Mike Scott - lead vocals, rhythm guitar
* Ian McNabb - backing vocals
* Chris Bruce - lead guitar
* James Hallawell - organ
* The Kick Horns, The Memphis Horns - horns
* Pino Palladino - bass
* Jim Keltner - drums
* Preston Heyman - percussion
Production
* Mike Scott - producer (all tracks)
* Niko Bolas - producer, recording and engineer on "Rare, Precious and Gone"
* Chris Blair - mastering on "Rare, Precious and Gone"
* Chris Sheldon - mixing on "Rare, Precious and Gone"
Other
* Bruce Fisher at Sold Out - design
* Mary Scanlon - photography

## Charts

| Chart (1998) | Peak position |
| Scotland (OCC) | 47 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 74 |