OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pruett

Pruett is most commonly a surname in American vernacular.

## History

Pruett as an American surname can be traced back through Southern family genealogy in the late 1600s back to origins in France.

## People

Notable individuals include:
* Allan K. Pruett (1948–2008), American basketball player
* Robert Lewis "Bob" Pruett (born 1943), American college football coach
* Hubert Shelby "Hub" "Shucks" Pruett (1900–1982), American professional baseball player
* Norma Jean "Jeanne" Bowman, Mrs. Jack Pruett (born 1937), American country music singer
* Kyle D. Pruett (contemporary), American professor of child psychiatry, author, and television host
* Marion Albert Pruett (1950–1999), American serial killer
* Millus and Myles Pruett (or Pruitt), American blues musicians in the 1920s
* R. C. Pruett (born 1944), American politician from Oklahoma; representative in the state legislature since 2004
* Scott Donald Pruett (born 1960), American race car driver
# Protoparmeliopsis

Protoparmeliopsis is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling, crustose lichens in the family Lecanoraceae. It has about 20 species. The genus was circumscribed by French botanist Maurice Choisy in 1929.

## Species

* Protoparmeliopsis achariana (A.L.Sm.) Moberg & R.Sant. (2004)
* Protoparmeliopsis admontensis (Zahlbr.) Hafellner (2005)
* Protoparmeliopsis baranowii (Poelt) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis bipruinosa (Fink) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis bogdoensis (Tomin) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis bolcana (Pollini) Lumbsch (2016)
* Protoparmeliopsis chejuensis S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2013)
* Protoparmeliopsis chlorophthalma (Poelt & Tomin) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis degelii (T.Schauer & Brodo) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis dispersoareolata (Schaer.) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis ertzii Bungartz & Elix (2020)
* Protoparmeliopsis esfahanensis S.Y.Kondr. & Zarei-Darki (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii (Körb.) Arup, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch (2015)
* Protoparmeliopsis geiserae (B.D.Ryan) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis graeca (J.Steiner) Sipman & Cl.Roux (2016)
* Protoparmeliopsis gyrophorica (Lendemer) S.Y.Kondr. (2013)
* Protoparmeliopsis hieroglyphica (Poelt) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis klauskalbii (Sipman) Şenkard. (2011)
* Protoparmeliopsis kofae (B.D.Ryan & T.H.Nash) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis kopachevskae S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2017)
* Protoparmeliopsis kotovii (Oxner) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis kukunorensis (H.Magn.) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis laatokkensis (Räsänen) Moberg & R.Sant. (2004)
* Protoparmeliopsis macrocyclos (H.Magn.) Moberg & R.Sant. (2004)
* Protoparmeliopsis mazatzalensis (B.D.Ryan & T.H.Nash) S.Y.Kondr. (2013)
* Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M.Choisy (1929)
* Protoparmeliopsis nashii (B.D.Ryan) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis orbicularis (Schaer.) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis peltata (Ramond) Arup, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch (2015)
* Protoparmeliopsis pinguis (Tuck.) S.Y.Kondr. (2013)
* Protoparmeliopsis sierrae (B.D.Ryan & T.H.Nash) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis sphaeroidea (Oxner) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis straminea (Wahlenb.) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis taranii S.Y.Kondr. & Tchaban. (2013)
* Protoparmeliopsis usbekica (Poelt) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis vaenskaei (Cl.Roux & C.Coste) Cl.Roux (2016)
* Protoparmeliopsis verruculifera (Tomin) S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis zareii S.Y.Kondr. (2012)
* Protoparmeliopsis zerovii S.Y.Kondr. (2016)
# Protoparmelia

Protoparmelia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, and contains 11 species. Protoparmelia was circumscribed by French lichenologist Maurice Choisy in 1929.

## Species

* Protoparmelia atriseda (Fr.) R.Sant. & V.Wirth (1987)
* Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner (1984)
* Protoparmelia ewersii Elix & P.M.McCarthy (2017) – Australia
* Protoparmelia hierrensis van den Boom & Ertz (2012)
* Protoparmelia megalosporoides Weerakoon & Aptroot (2013)
* Protoparmelia memnonia Hafellner & Türk (2001)
* Protoparmelia nebulosa Elix & Kantvilas (2009) – Australia
* Protoparmelia nephaea (Sommerf.) R.Sant. (1990)
* Protoparmelia ochrococca (Nyl.) P.M.Jørg., Rambold & Hertel 1988)
* Protoparmelia oleagina (Harm.) Coppins (1992)
* Protoparmelia olivascens (Nyl.) Llimona ex Sussey (2011)
* Protoparmelia ryaniana van den Boom, Sipman & Elix (2007)
# Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis

Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis is a Gram-negative, phenanthrene-degrading bacterium from a coal gasification site in Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark. It is able to catalyse the asymmetric oxidation of sulfides to give exclusively the R enantiomer. The type strain is DSM 13022.
# PsyArXiv

PsyArXiv is a preprint repository for the psychological sciences opened in September 2016 and officially launched in December 2016. It is hosted by the Center for Open Science. The preprint service was inspired by the arXiv repository. The service allows researchers to upload manuscripts regarding psychology and related fields prior to peer review. As of April 2017, it is indexed by Google Scholar.

## Fields

PsyArXiv accepted submissions in the following areas of research:
* Applied behavior analysis
* Biological psychology
* Child psychology
* Clinical psychology
* Cognition and perception
* Cognitive psychology
* Community psychology
* Counseling psychology
* Cultural psychology
* Developmental psychology
* Experimental analysis of behavior
* Health psychology
* Industrial and organizational psychology
* Linguistics
* Neuroscience and neurobiology
* Operations research, systems engineering and industrial engineering
* Pain management
* Personality and social contexts
* Quantitative psychology
* School psychology
* Social psychology
* Theory and philosophy of psychology
# Proverville

Proverville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
# Pteris cretica

Pteris cretica, the Cretan brake, ribbon fern, or Cretan brake fern, is a species of evergreen fern in the family Pteridaceae, native to Europe, Asia and Africa.

## Description

The fern grows to 75 cm (30 in) tall by 60 cm (24 in) broad. It has arching pinnate fronds each bearing up to five pinnae.

## Taxonomy

According to Plants of the World Online there are 2 subspecies: Pteris cretica subsp. cretica and Pteris cretica subsp. laeta (Wall. ex Ettingsh.)

## Distribution

Pteris cretica subsp. cretica is native in an area from the Mediterranean to tropical Asia, in Africa, in Madagascar and on the Atlantic islands. There are findings in Gran Canaria, Spain, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Italy (Lake Como and Lake Garda), Switzerland (Ticino on the shores of Lake Lugano and Lake Maggiore), Crimea, Greece (contrary to its name, Pteris cretica does not occur on Crete), Transcaucasia, Turkey, Lebanon-Syria. In Africa it is native in Yemen, Socotra, Algeria, Ethiopia, Angola, Kenya, Burundi, Rwanda, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zimbabwe, Zaïre, Lesotho, Swaziland, South Africa, Madagascar. In Asia it occurs in Sri Lanka, India, Assam, Pakistan, Himalaya, Nepal, Bangladesh, Tibet, China (North-Central, South-Central, Southeast), Myanmar, Cambodia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, Nanshoto, Philippines, Ascension, Réunion.
Pteris cretica is a neophyte introduced into the USA distributed via Mexico, Central America and Caribbean Islands to Colombia and Peru, Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia, the Azores. It is a neophyte in Great Britain, Hungary and the Netherlands.
The other subspecies Pteris cretica subsp. laeta is native in an area from East Turkey to tropical and subtropical Asia, the Indian subcontinent: Afghanistan, Assam, Cambodia, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, India, Iran, Japan, Laos, Lesser Sunda Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Vietnam and West Himalaya.

## Cultivation

Pteris cretica is cultivated widely by plant nurseries. It is used in gardens in the ground and as a potted plant, and as a houseplant. The variety with variegated foliage, Pteris cretica var. albolineata, is also widely used, brightening shade gardens.
Both types thrive year round outdoors in subtropical climates, such as California. With a minimum temperature of 2 °C (36 °F), both require protection from frost, though the species is hardier and can be grown outdoors during the summer months in cold climates.
The species, and the variety P. cretica var. albolineata (syn. P. nipponica), have both gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
A relictual presence is certificated in the Italian peninsula Lazio (Ponte Terra gorge, San Vittorino, Rome).
# Pteris carsei

Pteris carsei is a species of fern native to New Zealand, including the Kermadec Islands. Originally considered a subtype of Pteris comans, the species was first formally described by Patrick Brownsey and John E. Braggins in 2020.

## Etymology

The species was named after New Zealand teacher and amateur botanist Harry Carse.

## Taxonomy

Pteris carsei was first suggested to be a separate species from Pteris comans in John E. Braggins' 1975 thesis Studies on the New Zealand, and some related, species of Pteris L.. Specimens of P. carsei had been collected as early as 1832. In 2017, genetic differences were discovered between Australian specimens of P. comans and P. carsei, which prompted a review of Australasian Pteris species. Pteris carsei forms a clade with Pteris saxatilis, Pteris macilenta and more distantly Pteris epaleata.

## Description

Pteris carsei is a medium-large fern, with fronds extending as far as 150 cm (59 in) away from the rhizome. It can often be identified by its erect rhizome and laminae pattern.

## Distribution and habitat

Pteris carsei is endemic to New Zealand, occurring in the Three Kings Islands, coastal habitats on the North Island north of Mokau and the Coromandel Peninsula, and offshore islands north of the Coromandel Peninsula, as well as in the Kermadec Islands. It is found in open cliff, beachside and hillside areas, or in forest underneath Kunzea species (such as kanuka). The species is significantly more common on offshore islands than on the mainland of the North Island.
# Pseudeutreta falcigera

Pseudeutreta falcigera is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Pseudeutreta of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Argentina.
# Pseudoeurycea mixteca

Pseudoeurycea mixteca is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.
# Pseudopostega zelopa

Pseudopostega zelopa is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1905. It is known from Pundalu-oya, Sri Lanka.
# Psaphida thaxteriana

Psaphida thaxteriana is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1874. It is found in the eastern parts of North America, including Tennessee and Maryland.
The larvae feed on Quercus species.
# Pseudacanthicus pitanga

Pseudacanthicus pitanga is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Tocantins River basin in Brazil. The species reaches 30 cm (11.8 inches) SL. It was described in 2015 by Carine C. Chamon of the Federal University of Tocantins on the basis of distinctive coloration and morphology. Its specific epithet, pitanga, is derived from a Tupi-Guarani word meaning "red", in reference to the color of the species' fins.
P. pitanga appears in the aquarium trade, where it is often referred to either as the red-fin cactus pleco or by its associated L-number, which is L-024. It is reportedly bred in captivity and exported to multiple countries for aquarium use, especially the United States and countries in Europe.
# Pseudodaphnella spyridula

Pseudodaphnella spyridula is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 4 mm, its diameter 1 mm.
The very minute shell is narrow, white, latticed, and cancellate, the junctions of these cancellated lirae being gemmuled The shell contains six whorls, two being apical. The aperture is sinuous. The siphonal canal is very short. The outer lip shows eight minute denticules. The sinus is wide and effuse. The columella is straight, and of simple character

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Loyalty Islands; off Mactan Island, Philippines
# Pseudodebis

Pseudodebis is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm.

## Species

Listed alphabetically:
* Pseudodebis dubiosa Forster, 1964
* Pseudodebis euptychidia (Butler, 1868)
* Pseudodebis marpessa (Hewitson, 1862)
* Pseudodebis valentina (Cramer, [1779])
* Pseudodebis zimri (Butler, 1869)
# Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae

Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae is the variation (forma specialis, f. sp.) of the crown rust fungus (Puccinia coronata) which infects oat plants (Avena sativa). Almost every growing region of oat has been affected by this pathogen at one point or another. During particularly bad epidemics, the worldwide crop yields have been reduced by up to 40%. One reason why Pca has such a prominent effect is that the conditions which favor oat production also favor the growth and inoculation of the rusts: Meaning that years in which the highest yields of crops are expected are the same years in which losses are the highest as well. Pca urediniospores germinate the best at temperature between 10–30 °C (50–86 °F) with germ-tube growth optimized at 20 °C (68 °F).
The virulence of Pca and the resistance of wild oat plants is a highly studied topic. It seems that the resistance level of the oat plant is dependent upon which race of Pca is acting on it; the virulence of the fungal pathogen also seems to depend upon which strain the strain of oat being attacked. There are most likely multiple traits that control both virulence and resistance which suggests a very interactive host-parasite coevolution. A few specific loci have been found to confer resistance such as Pca which conferred a dominant, resistant phenotype to nine different isolates of P. coronata. An additional isolate of P. coronata was also resisted, although another, un-linked gene may be involved which correlates the theory that resistance and virulence in A. sativa are controlled by multiple genes. Some studies suggest that the responses are dependent upon the physiological race of the rust involved due to mutations that arise in separate races.
One way in which the expression of certain genes has been found to combat Pca is through the production of avenalumins. Avenalumins are antimicrobial compounds which inhibit hyphal growth, thus preventing P. coronata from spreading. Avenalumins are only found in infected areas of plants and nowhere else. The production of avenalumins is regulated by some of the same genes that have been found to confer resistance in certain lines of oats, thus indicating their importance in resistance. In addition to total resistance to specific races, in such cases as the production avenalumins, partial or horizontal resistance provides a way to reduce the effect of P. coronata.
# Puccinia extensicola var. hieraciata

Puccinia extensicola var. hieraciata is a pathogenic fungus which is known to infect lettuce plants.
# Publishers Association of the West

Publishers Association of the West (or PubWest) is a trade association established in 1977, initially called the Rocky Mountain Book Publishers Association. PubWest is a professional organization that is a forum for the discussion of publishing issues. Members include a wide range of small independent presses, university and collegiate presses, and publishing companies with global operations; most members are based in the western United States and Canada. PubWest members include printers, designers, binderies, and publishing freelancers.
PubWest provides many services and activities for members. It sponsors a National Publishing Conference and Book Industry Trade Show. It also has a number of awards programs to recognize outstanding achievements in book publishing. In February 2021, Mirriam Warren of No Nonsense Fly Fishing Guidebooks was elected president of the board of directors.
# Publishers Group West

Publishers Group West (PGW) is a book distributor founded in 1976 in Berkeley, California that has been owned by Ingram Content Group since 2016. They share their parent company's warehouse in Jackson, Tennessee and sales offices in New York, Toronto, and London.

## History

PGW was the largest distributor of independent presses in the United States during the 1990s.
In 2007, PGW was acquired by Perseus Books Group and some of PGW's publishers moved to Perseus's other divisions. Periodic additions to their list of publishers include an additional 5 added in 2012.
Within the book business, they were known for throwing a party at the annual BookExpo convention, with musical performers including Ivan Neville's Dumpstaphunk and Chaka Khan in 2012.
Perseus' distribution business was acquired by Ingram Content Group in 2016.

## Partial list of publishers

* 2.13.61
* Agate Publishing
* Archaia Studios Press
* Baker & Taylor Publishing Group
* Bilingual Books
* Black Classic Press
* Blast Books
* Classical Comics
* Cleis Press
* Counterpoint
* Frances Lincoln Publishers
* Grove/Atlantic, Inc., publisher of Cold Mountain, New York Times Bestseller
** Grove Press
* Heyday Books
* Hunter House
* Keen Communications
* McSweeney's
* Milkweed Editions
* New World Library
* Night Shade Books (added 2012)
* Open City (defunct)
* Open Court Publishing Company
* Parallax Press, publisher of works by Thich Nhat Hanh
* Quest Books
* Rare Bird Books
* Re/Search
* Ronin Publishing
* Scarletta Press
* Seal Press
* Sierra Club Books
* Soft Skull Press
* TalentSmart, publishers of Emotional Intelligence 2.0
* Three Rooms Press
* Thunder Bay Press
* Tin House Books
* Urantia Foundation
* Wilderness Press
* Wisdom Publications

## Publishers formerly distributed by PGW

* NBM Publishing (1986-1988)
* Demos Medical Publishing, aka Demos Health (2005-2013)
# Pulchrana fantastica

Pulchrana fantastica, also known as the splendid stream frog, is a species of "true frog", family Ranidae. It is endemic to northern Sumatra (Indonesia) and is currently known from the Aceh and North Sumatra provinces. Its nearest relatives are Pulchrana centropeninsularis and Pulchrana siberu. The specific name fantastica is derived from the Greek phantastikós and refers to the "extraordinary beauty" of this frog.

## Description

Adult males measure 40–45 mm (1.6–1.8 in) in snout–vent length; females are unknown. The body is slender. The snout is obtusely pointed in dorsal view and slightly protruding in lateral view. The tympanum is visible and the supratympanic fold is distinct. The fingers are long and slender and lack webbing, but have tips slightly enlarged into rounded discs. The toes are webbed and have tips enlarged into discs. The dorsum ranges from finely granulated to granular. The dorsal coloration is black. There usually is a middorsal marking consisting of an orange, discontinuous line of variable length, possibly in combination with spots; this marking is lacking in all juveniles. There is a pair of continuous orange dorsolateral lines running from the tip of the snout over canthus rostralis to sacrum, eventually breaking into spots at the posterior pelvic region. The flanks are brown and have yellow spots. The venter is greyish-brown. The dorsal surfaces of the limbs are brown with yellow to orange round or elongated, sometimes connected spots.
Males have paired internal subgular vocal sacs.

## Habitat

Pulchrana fantastica occurs in primary forest at elevations between 450 and 1,065 m (1,476 and 3,494 ft) above sea level. The lowland records come from a typical dipterocarp forest. Specimens have been found on the forest-floor leaf litter and various perches (low vegetation, dead logs, roots, and rocks) near small to medium-sized streams, and even on a dead branch in a stream.

## Conservation

As of November 2021, this species has not been included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Arifin and colleagues consider the ongoing loss of primary forest a major threat to Pulchrana fantastica. All populations sampled in Aceh come from protected areas, including the Mount Leuser National Park.
# Pugad Island (Bulacan)

Pugad Island is a small densely populated island situated in Manila Bay and at the mouth of the Angat – Pampanga River Delta. The island is part of the municipality of Hagonoy, Bulacan. Once, mangrove forests and marshes were proximate in the area and then over time people converted them into fish ponds, which they utilize today in cultivating aquatic organisms such as clams, whiting fish and mussels. According to the latest national census, the island has a population of 1,636.

## Natural Hazards and Disasters

Situated in the overlap of two major river systems, flooding has become a norm especially during monsoon season. Flood waters submerge the island during high tide and when heavy rainfall brought by typhoons, which causes the dams upstream to spill excess water. In 2023, three tropical cyclones resulted to major flooding in Pugad Island and in low-lying areas in Central Luzon.
The frequent occurrence of flooding in the area are linked to urban and population expansion in the area, the decreasing area of mangrove forests, which buffered the island from tides and the threat of rising sea levels due to the melting of the ice sheets and climate change.
A study by the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, in partnership with the Ateneo de Manila University and the University of Santo Tomas presents various factors that hinder community resilience in small island communities in the Philippines, which includes limited resources and inadequate policies for the implementation of community-based disaster risk reduction and management. The findings of the report are gathered primarily from the responses and experiences of community leaders and residents of Pugad Island.
# Pterolophia pseudocarinata

Pterolophia pseudocarinata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.
# Pterolophia infirmior

Pterolophia infirmior is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.
# Pterolophia innuganensis

Pterolophia innuganensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1966.
# Public Health Service Outstanding Service Medal

The Public Health Service Outstanding Service Medal is a decoration of the United States Public Health Service presented to members of the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Officer Corps and to members of any Uniformed Services of the United States whose accomplishments or achievements are of outstanding or unique significance to the missions of the Corps. It is the seventh-highest award awarded by the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.

## Criteria

The PHS Outstanding Service Medal is awarded to an officer who has demonstrated continuous outstanding leadership that has had a major effect on the health of the Nation, or has performed a heroic act resulting in the preservation of life or health.
The PHS Outstanding Service Medal may also be awarded "With Valor", signified by a bronze "V" for recognizing acts of courage and bravery. The designation “With Valor” is not to be used to recognize hazardous assignments or exposure to dangerous and life threatening environments. The officer must exhibit a positive and particular act, or actions, of bravery and courage, and/or heroism, resulting in the saving or preserving of the life or health of others. The degrees of risk to personal safety, the level of bravery, and the demonstration of courage, are determining factors that must be clearly displayed.