OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of bond market indices
## Global

* (Bank of America) Merrill Lynch Global Bond Index
* Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate Bond Index
* Citi World Broad Investment-Grade Bond Index (WorldBIG)

## Countries
### Switzerland

* Swiss Bond Index

## Government bonds

* Bloomberg Barclays US Treasury Index
* Barclays Inflation-Linked Euro Government Bond Index
* Citi World Government Bond Index (WGBI)
* FTSE UK Gilts Index Series
* J.P. Morgan Government Bond Index

## Most traded government bonds

| Country | Issuer | Bond Type | Currency |
| Australia | Office of Financial Management | Treasury Indexed Bonds (TIBs) | AUD ($) |
| Canada | Bank of Canada | Marketable Bonds | CAD ($) |
| China | Ministry of Finance | People's Bank of China (PBC) Bonds | CNY (¥) |
| France | Agence France Tresor (French Treasury) | Obligation Assimilable du Tresor (OAT) | EUR (€) |
| Germany | Finanzagentur (German Finance Agency) | Bundesanleihen | EUR (€) |
| Japan | Ministry of Finance | Japanese Government Bonds (JGB) | JPY (¥) |
| United Kingdom | UK Debt Management Office | Gilts | GBP (£) |
| United States | Bureau of Public Debt | US Treasuries | USD ($) |

## Emerging market bonds

* J.P. Morgan Emerging Markets Bond Index
* Citi Emerging Markets Broad Bond Index (EMUSDBBI)

## High-yield bonds

* (Bank of America) Merrill Lynch High-Yield Master II
* Barclays High-Yield Index
* Bear Stearns High-Yield Index
* Citi US High-Yield Market Index
* (Credit Suisse) First Boston High-Yield II Index
* S&P US Issued High-Yield Corporate Bond Inex

## Leveraged loans

* S&P Leveraged Loan Index

## Asset-backed securities

* Markit ABX.HE
* Markit IBoxx
# Signature tag

Signature tags or sig tags are small digital images that are used to accompany an HTML-formatted email or Internet forum post. They are also often used on social networking pages. They are used as a mark of recognition or individualism, or to convey emotion, sentiment, or sometimes support for the illustrated concept.
Sig tags are often personalised with the user's name by manipulation in a graphics software package. Sig tags are particularly popular with teenage computer users, and those who are socially active online. A sig tag is generally used below or at the end of a message, in contrast to an avatar, which is generally used next to the name of the poster on a forum.

## Subjects and types

Popular subjects for sig tags are smileys, dollz, popular media figures from music, or TV shows, signs, cute animals, flowers and seasonal greetings.
A small image with a generalised, non-customised slogan, used in the same way, is generally just known as a graphics tag, or a snag (because they are 'snagged' or downloaded quickly from an originating website).
Sig tags are sometimes animated, using the .gif file format. Graphics software programs such as GNU Image Manipulation Program, Corel Paint Shop Pro and Adobe Photoshop are popular choices for the manipulation of digital images in creating sig tags.

## Creation

A complex custom sig tag may consist of a number of amalgamated elements, which may be obtained online from popular sig tag community resources. These elements may include a mask (grid or background), a tube (image or figure on a transparent background), embellishments (additional decorative objects), and textures. These elements are normally used subject to copyright restrictions similar to those imposed on the use of dollz (dollz netiquette).

## Community

The creation of sig tags is a widespread online hobby, regarded as a subsidiary of graphic art. It has been a long-lived phenomenon in internet terms, with little recorded history, and obscure, non-specified origins. This is largely due to its collaborative nature, and the disappearance of various websites important in the development of the hobby.
The sig tag community is notable by its emphasis on sharing, mutual support, advice and appreciation. In fact, a conventional classing system (Novice, Moderate, Intermediate, Semi-Professional, Professional) is sometimes used to rank people on their skills in making sig tags. Many sig tag websites feature a busy forum and tutorials and users are encouraged to download images. Increasingly, these sites tend to be membership-based.
More recently the tagging community has been dying. This may be due to the fact that tagging is often regarded as the lowest skilled form of computer graphics and the least profitable on many large forums.

## Commercial sites

Some graphic artists have developed their skills or moved into the production of sig tags as a business. They generally offer user-licences, customisation of their sig tags, and purchaseable downloadable elements to be used by the user in building personal sig tags.
# Mutlugün, Yusufeli

Mutlugün is a village in the Yusufeli District, Artvin Province, Turkey. Its population is 123 (2021).
# List of Oricon number-one singles of 1998

The following is a list of Oricon number-one singles of 1998.

## Oricon Weekly Singles Chart

| Issue date | Song | Artist(s) |
| January 5 | "Aisareru yori Aishitai" | KinKi Kids |
| January 12 | "Can You Celebrate? (Wedding Mix)" | Namie Amuro |
| January 19 | "Face the Change" | Every Little Thing |
| January 26 | "Yozora no Mukō" | SMAP |
| February 2 | "Ashita ga Kikoeru/Children's Holiday" | J-Friends |
| February 9 | "Winter fall" | L'Arc-en-Ciel |
| February 16 | "Kyūkon" | The Yellow Monkey |
| February 23 | "Nishi e higashi e" | Mr. Children |
| March 2 | "My Graduation" | Speed |
| March 9 | "My Graduation" | Speed |
| March 16 | "My Graduation" | Speed |
| March 23 | "Be Yourself!" | V6 |
| March 30 | "Nagai Aida" | Kiroro |
| April 6 | "Dive to Blue" | L'Arc-en-Ciel |
| April 13 | "Dive to Blue" | L'Arc-en-Ciel |
| April 20 | "Samayoeru aoi dangan" | B'z |
| April 27 | "Storm" | Luna Sea |
| May 4 | "Jet Coaster Romance" | KinKi Kids |
| May 11 | "Yuuwaku" | Glay |
| May 18 | "Yuuwaku" | Glay |
| May 25 | "Pink Spider" | hide with Spread Beaver |
| June 1 | "Pink Spider" | hide with Spread Beaver |
| June 8 | "Ever free" | hide with Spread Beaver |
| June 15 | "Shine" | Luna Sea |
| June 22 | "There will be love there" | The Brilliant Green |
| June 29 | "Forever Yours" | Every Little Thing |
| July 6 | "Hot Limit" | TMRevolution |
| July 13 | "Alive" | Speed |
| July 20 | "Home" | B'z |
| July 27 | "Honey" | L'Arc-en-Ciel |
| August 3 | "Power" | Pocket Biscuits |
| August 10 | "Zenbu Dakishimete" | KinKi Kids |
| August 17 | "Zenbu Dakishimete" | KinKi Kids |
| August 24 | "Zenbu Dakishimete" | KinKi Kids |
| August 31 | "Zenbu Dakishimete" | KinKi Kids |
| September 7 | "Tsumetai hana" | The Brilliant Green |
| September 14 | "Wanna be a dreammaker" | Globe |
| September 21 | "Daite Hold on Me!" | Morning Museume |
| September 28 | "Unmei no roulette mawashite" | Zard |
| October 5 | "Sa Yo Na Ra" | Globe |
| October 12 | "Sweet Heart" | Globe |
| October 19 | "Snow Drop" | L'Arc-en-Ciel |
| October 26 | "Forbidden Lover" | L'Arc-en-Ciel |
| November 2 | "Owari naki tabi" | Mr. Children |
| November 9 | "All My True Love" | Speed |
| November 16 | "All My True Love" | Speed |
| November 23 | "Over" | V6 |
| November 30 | "Camouflage" | Mariya Takeuchi |
| December 7 | "Be with You" | Glay |
| December 14 | "Be with You" | Glay |
| December 21 | "Happy Happy Greetings" | KinKi Kids |
| December 28 | "Toku made" | Kōshi Inaba |
# Yves Billon

Yves Billon (born 9 July 1946, in Paris) is a French documentary film-maker. He is also founder of the production companies Les Films du Village and Zaradoc.
The documentaries Religious and Sufi Music of Pakistan and The Music of Balochistan that he produced with a Pakistani ethnomusicologist Adam Nayyar also won silver medal at the Florence Film. Yves Billon made a 52-minute documentary in 1992 in English/French on the music of Bismillah Khan and showed him as one of the greatest shehnai players who changed the status of shehnai from a common court instrument to that of a classical solo instrument. The film was set along the banks of Ganges, in the mystical Varanasi.The day the shehnai died. Aijaz Gul Festival

## Credits

* Far from Fidel, Director
* De sol a sol, Screenplay
* La Guerre de pacification en Amazonie, Director & Producer
* Chronique du temps Sec, Director & Producer
* De sol a sol, Director & Producer
* Ali Farka Toure: Ca coule de source, Director, Producer & Screenplay
* Benares, musique du Gange, Director
# Q47

Q47 may refer to:
* Q47 (New York City bus)
* French submarine Circé (Q47)
* Muhammad (surah), the 47th surah of the Quran
# Écordal

Écordal (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.
# Écoscience

Écoscience is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal originally published by Université Laval (1994–2014), and by Taylor & Francis since 2015. It was founded by Serge Payette, and it covers all aspects of ecology. In 2021 it had an impact factor of 1.344.
# Pseudoedaspis decorata

Pseudoedaspis decorata is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Pseudoedaspis of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Chile.
# Teunis Mulder

Teunis Mulder may refer to:
* Teun Mulder (born 1981), Dutch track cyclist
* Tony Mulder (born 1955), Dutch-born Australian politician
# Teunis

Teunis is a Dutch masculine given name. Like Theunis, it is a derivative of Antonius (Anthony). It is also considered a diminutive form of Antonius, Anton, Antoon, Anthonis, Anthoon, Antonie, and Antonis used in Belgium, Netherlands, Suriname, South Africa, Namibia, and Indonesia. Its popularity as a birth name has dropped since the middle of the last century, taken over partially by its short form Teun. People with the name include:
* Teunis G. Bergen (1806–1881), United States Representative from New York.
* Teunis Horstman [de; it ; nl; pl] (1927–2014), Dutch Old Catholic bishop
* Teunis Jacob (1927–2009), Dutch wall painter and sculptor
* Teunis Kloek (born 1934), Dutch economist
* Teunis van der Linden [de ; nl] (1884–1965), Dutch chemist
* Teunis Mulder (born 1955), Dutch-born Australian politician
* Teunis Mulder (born 1981), Dutch track cyclist
* Teunis Sprong (1889–1971), Dutch long-distance runner
* Teunis Zaaijer [de ; nl] (1837–1902), Dutch physician
# Public Media Commons

The Public Media Commons is a 9,000 square foot plaza located in St. Louis, Missouri. The Commons is a collaboration between Nine Network of Public Media, the University of Missouri–St. Louis, and St. Louis Public Radio. The plaza is encapsulated on two sides by large video screen walls, two stories high. The Public Media Commons is an interactive space that utilizes technology to encourage the sharing and creating of audio/visual experiences in St.Louis.
The Commons creates a new typology of public space for media programming. Perforated metal screens were designed for existing buildings to unify the space and screens to create areas for projectors. The commons accommodates performance stages for small groups and multiple seating areas for up to 700 people. The project was designed by Benjamin Gilmartin Architect and Cobalt Office with Architect of Record Powers Bowersox Associates and Landscape Architect DLANDstudio.
# Psi Eridani

Psi Eridani, Latinized from ψ Eridani, is a star in the constellation Eridanus. With an apparent visual magnitude is 4.81, it can be seen with the naked eye on a clear, dark night. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 4.41 milliarcseconds, it is located roughly 740 light-years away from the Sun.
This is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B3 V. However, Houk and Swift (1999) classed it as a more evolved subgiant star. It is about 32 million years old and has a projected rotational velocity of 52 km/s. The estimated mass is seven times that of the Sun, and it has around 4.5 times the Sun's radius. Psi Eridani shines with 2,878 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 18,700 K.
# Psi Octantis

Psi Octantis, Latinized from ψ Octantis, is a solitary star in the southern circumpolar constellation Octans. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.47, allowing it to be seen with the naked eye under ideal conditions. The star is relatively close at a distance of 126 light years but is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 17 km/s.
Psi Octantis has a spectral classification of F0IIp, suggesting that it is a bright giant but with peculiarities. Other assessments give a luminosity class of III (giant), III-IV (intermediate between giant and subgiant), or V: (approximately main sequence). One paper gives a spectral class of F4V:kA5, indicating that it is a probable F-type main-sequence star with the calcium K-lines of an A5 star, including sharp absorption lines of metals. Analysis of its evolutionary stage show it to be a somewhat evolved main sequence star.
It has 149% the mass of the Sun and 1.74 times the radius of the Sun. It shines at 7.82 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 7,244 K, giving it a yellowish white glow. Psi Octantis has an iron abundance 91% that of the Sun and is estimated to be 1.41 billion years old.
# Public Outreach Canada

Public Outreach is a private business that provides paid fundraising services to charities in Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand.
The company was founded in 2002 by James Julien and Gary Kirk. Bryan McKinnon and John Finlay joined a short time later. Gary left P/O in 2006 to persue other dreams, leaving the three.
Public Outreach typically hires people in the 18 to 35 age group. Most of their fundraising is done by face-to-face soliciting on street-corners, door-to-door canvassing and telemarketing campaigns.
Paid charity canvassing by private companies has proved controversial in some cities where it has led to complaints about aggressive soliciting in Victoria, British Columbia. A Public Outreach manager Emily Smits, said many Canadians find those in her profession “annoying,” even “accosting.” However Public Outreach co-founder John Finlay said Public Outreach tries to alternate busy intersections, rotating “fallow zones” to “give each community a break from being solicited.” Some fundraising companies have raised controversy by paying solicitors by commission and taking a large share from monthly donations which take many months or a year to reach charities. Public Outreach says it does not take commissions and pays its employees by the hour, although they are given targets.
Public Outreach Canada has been hired to raise funds for charities such as Amnesty International and the Canadian Red Cross. Public Outreach Canada has its head offices in Vancouver with a national recruitment centre in Toronto. It fundraises in Victoria, Vancouver, Calgary, Montreal, Quebec City, Toronto, Ottawa, Kitchener and Halifax. A branch in the United States, Public Outreach Fundraising operates in Boston, San Francisco, Oakland and Los Angeles. Public Outreach Australia New Zealand is based in Melbourne, Australia and Auckland New Zealand, and operates in every major city across both countries, as well as regional areas.
# Test of English Proficiency

Test of English Proficiency may refer to:
* International Test of English Proficiency
* TEPS, or Test of English Proficiency developed by Seoul National University
# Puccinellia maritima

Puccinellia maritima is a species of grass known by the common names including seaside alkaligrass, common saltmarsh-grass or sea poa grass. It is native to Western Europe and it is present in most of North East North America. It grows in moist, usually saline soils. It can reach a height of 80 cm and has greyish-green leaves.
# Puccinellia howellii

Puccinellia howellii is a rare species of grass known by the common name Howell's alkaligrass. It is endemic to Shasta County, California, where it is known from a single population in Whiskeytown National Recreation Area near Whiskeytown. Its entire population is contained in a 1-acre (4,000 m$^2$) complex of three saline mineral springs directly next to Highway 299. The grass was first described to science in 1990 and no other populations were discovered despite extensive searches of the area.
The hillsides surrounding the salt springs where the rare grass grows burned in the 2018 Carr Fire. However the bare, wet gravel slopes of the springs were largely unburned and the Puccinellia population persists.

## Description

Puccinellia howellii is perennial bunchgrass, and grows in clumpy monotypic stands of stems up to 60 centimeters tall. The inflorescence is an array of branches a few centimeters long, the lower ones reflexed as the fruit matures. The grass reproduces only by seed, and seed is not produced until the individual is two years old or more. The plants are mostly dormant during warm months when the soil salinity is highest, and the seed germinates during wet seasons when water flow dilutes the salt.
The single population of the grass is made up of several thousand individuals, a dominant species of the vegetation in this tiny network of mineral springs. It grows alongside other halophytes such as saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) and seaside arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima).

## Endangered status

Threats to this already extremely rare grass include polluted surface runoff from the highway which is just steps away from its habitat, alterations in the specific moisture, pH, and salinity requirements of the plant season by season, and changes in the sediment amounts entering the habitat by water flow. In this habitat, freshwater is considered a pollutant, because it reduces the salinity too much for the grass to survive; management plans highlight the importance of diverting freshwater away from the springs.
Other threats include grazing by black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), garbage from the road, and random events that could affect the entire population.
# Puccinellia festuciformis

Puccinellia festuciformis is a species of grass.

## Synonyms

* Atropis battandieri Speg.
* Atropis convoluta var. expansa (Crép.) Trab.
* Atropis convoluta var. tenuifolia (Boiss. & Reut.) Husn.
* Atropis distans var. festuciformis (Host) Coss. & Durieu
* Atropis festuciformis (Host) Schur
* Atropis festuciformis (Host) Richter
* Atropis festuciformis var. expansa (Crép.) Trab.
* Atropis palustris (Seenus) Beck
* Atropis palustris subsp. festuciformis (Host) Briq.
* Atropis palustris subsp. tenuifolia (Boiss. & Reut.) Jahan. & Maire
* Atropis rupestris Teyber
* Atropis tenuifolia (Boiss. & Reut.) K.Richt.
* Catabrosa festuciformis (Host) Link
* Festuca hostii Kunth
* Festuca palustris Seenus
* Glyceria convoluta subsp. festuciformis (Host) Douin
* Glyceria convoluta subsp. tenuifolia (Boiss. & Reut.) Douin
* Glyceria expansa Crép.
* Glyceria festuciformis (Host) Heynh. ex Rchb.
* Glyceria leptophylla Steud.
* Glyceria maritima var. palustris (Seenus) Fr.
* Glyceria palustris (Seenus) Lange
* Glyceria tenuifolia Boiss. & Reut.
* Phippsia palustris (Seenus) Á.Löve & D.Löve
* Poa festuciformis Host
* Poa halophila Schiede ex Steud.
* Poa mediterranea Chaub.
* Puccinellia battandieri (Speg.) Ponert
* Puccinellia caespitosa G.Monts. & J.M.Monts.
* Puccinellia distans var. fallax Maire
* Puccinellia distans subsp. festuciformis (Host) Maire & Weiller
* Puccinellia distans var. salina Fuss
* Puccinellia distans subsp. tenuifolia (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire & Weiller
* Puccinellia expansa (Crép.) Julià & J.M.Monts.
* Puccinellia festuciformis subsp. lagascana Julià & J.M.Monts.
* Puccinellia festuciformis subsp. tenuifolia (Boiss. & Reut.) W.E.Hughes
* Puccinellia palustris (Seenus) Grossh.
* Puccinellia palustris (Seen.) Podp.
* Puccinellia palustris subsp. festuciformis (Host) Maire
* Puccinellia stenophylla Kerguélen
* Puccinellia tenuifolia (Boiss. & Reut.) Andr.
* Puccinellia teyberi Hayek
* Sclerochloa festuciformis (Host) Britten & Rendle
# Tetractenos

Tetractenos is a genus of Tetraodontidae. The genus can be found throughout the Indo-West Pacific and Australia's southern and eastern coastlines.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* Tetractenos glaber (Fréminville, 1813) (Smooth toadfish)
* Tetractenos hamiltoni (J. Richardson, 1846) (Common toadfish)

## Description

The general colour of the species in this genus varies, as at night they take on a deeper colour than during daytime, and, as with all toadfishes and puffers, the colour of skin changes slightly depending on the mood or stress level of the animal. For example, when a Tetractenos is in oxygen-depleted water, its underbelly will be a darker colour than the usual whitish-cream. The body of both species is covered in small, gravel-like pustules (spots). Small, sandpaper-like spines can be found on the body, and when the animal "puffs up" they stick out and make it feel even more rough.
Although the colour varies, T. hamiltoni is sandy to whitish in colour, with small brown spots over most of the back and upper sides, and brown bars and blotches beneath. T. glaber has larger spots and blotches, and less prominent spines, hence its common name, smooth toadfish.
The genus Tetractenos was once classed as Tetraodon or Tetrodon, and is sometimes also confused with Torquigener.
# Te–l Khukhu

Te–l Khukhu is an annual festival held in Viswema, Nagaland, India on the 13th of Chünyi (July). It is celebrated by the sharing of food and particularly associated with young women.

## Legend

One day a young woman saw a ripe millet plant (othsü bo) in the middle of a large pond (zabe). She sent a squirrel (teli) to pluck an ear for her, but the squirrel did not return. Then she sent a parrot (oka), but the bird instead started eating the millet. Finally, the woman asked a toad (te–l) to help, and the toad brought her an ear of millet. In gratitude, she promised the toad a serving of millet every year. Thus the Toad Serving (Te–l Khukhu) festival came into being. Millet remains a very important ingredient in the preparation of festival food.

## Customs

Celebrations start with the collection of wildflowers by young women to decorate a chosen house (chokrwu, specifically the eaves at the entrance). The most commonly used flowers are ginger and rock butterfly lilies (khwüso and phakü pü), tender maize (tsakoshe pitha nü) and terü su. Animistic rituals were once performed, but disappeared with the advent of Christianity. Modern traditions focus on sharing and social bonds.