OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Security of Windsor Castle

The security of Windsor Castle has been an important issue since Windsor Castle's foundation in the 11th century.

## Medieval and Tudor periods

Windsor Castle originally became a royal residence because of the protection it could afford to Henry I. Successive medieval and Tudor monarchs made use of the castle during revolts, plagues and other crises, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.

## Georgian and Victorian periods

By the 1740s, security at Windsor Castle had diminished markedly and the site had become an early tourist attraction; wealthy visitors who could afford to pay the castle keeper could enter and stroll around the castle. As the condition of the State Apartments continued to deteriorate, even the general public were able to regularly visit the property, with children and others playing in the castle yards. George III gradually reversed this trend when he came to the throne in 1760. This trend continued during the reign of Queen Victoria, when the Windsor Castle and Town Approaches Act was passed by Parliament, permitting the closing and re-routing of the old roads which previously ran through the park from Windsor to Datchet and Old Windsor. These changes allowed the Royal Family to undertake the enclosure of a large area of parkland to form the private "Home Park" with no public roads passing through it, creating a much more private and secure royal palace than had previously been the case.

## Modern day

Although this has been less well publicised than Buckingham Palace, security at Windsor Castle has occasionally been breached, most seriously in 2003 when an intruder (the self-styled "comedy terrorist", Aaron Barschak) "gate-crashed" the 21st birthday party of Prince William, but most recently in March 2012, when an intoxicated man scaled a fence and got within yards of the Queen's private apartments before being arrested by armed protection officers. Police from the Thames Valley Police and from Royalty and Specialist Protection within the Protection Command of the London Metropolitan Police provide the main element of physical security. The Windsor Castle Guard of the Foot Guards of the Household Division, provided by a public duties battalion in London, or by the battalion at Victoria Barracks, Windsor, contributes to this.
The Foot Guards battalion at Victoria Barracks, a quarter of a mile from the Castle, is supported by the armoured reconnaissance squadron of the Household Cavalry based at Combermere Barracks, Windsor, one mile (1.6 km) from the Castle. In times of emergency at the castle, several hundred soldiers, as well as the FV107 Scimitar Light Tanks of the Household Cavalry, would be able to respond quickly to protect the castle and its occupants.
All visitors are asked to go through airport style security, with luggage being X-rayed and persons walking through a metal detector.
On 1 June 2007, the castle and its grounds were designated as a protected site for the purposes of Section 128 of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005. The effect of the act was to make it a specific criminal offence for a person to trespass into the castle or its grounds.
# Seal of Khingila

The Seal of Khingila is an historical seal from the region of Bactria, on southern Central Asia. The seal was published recently by Pierfrancesco Callieri and Nicholas Sims-Williams. It is now in the private collection of Mr. A. Saeedi (London). Kurbanov considers it as a significant Hephthalite seal. It has also been considered as intermediate between the Kidarites and the Hephthalites.
The seal has a Bactrian language inscription mentioning the ruler "Eshkingil", with the title xoadeo ("Lord", "King"), and has been dated to the 5th-6th century CE, or to the first half of the 5th century CE. The legend, deciphered by Nicholas Sims-Williams, reads:
εϸκιγγιλο
eškiggilo
(ρ)ωκανο
(r)ōkano
χοηο
xoēo
εϸκιγγιλο (...) (ρ)ωκανο χοηο
eškiggilo (...) (r)ōkano xoēo
"Eškiŋgil, Lord of (Ga)rokan"
The complete reading may be "Eshkingil, lord of (the people) such-and-such" or "Eshkingil, son of so-and-so, the lord". "Eshkingil" (, εϸκιγγιλο, Eškiŋil) may be a title consisting in the Turkic prefix Eš- meaning “comrade, companion of” and "-kenglu", the sacred sword and god ("Kenglu-shen") worshipped by the Xiongnu, so that "Eškiŋgil" could be a Hunnic name or title meaning “Companion of the Sword”, or even "Companion of the God of War".
The seal may also have belonged to the Alchon Hun ruler Khingila, who appears in his coinage with the Bactrian legend (χιγγιλο αλχοννο "Khiggilo Alchono"), or another ruler of the same name. A Turk Shahi ruler of Kabul is also known in Arab sources as Khinkhil or Khinjil, who, according to Al-Yakubhi, gave his submission to Al-Mahdi in 775–785. A ruler Khingila is also mentioned in the dedication of the Gardez Ganesha. The identity of this Khingala is uncertain.
It is not certain however if the title "Eshkingil" should be equated with the name "Khingila", and the linguistic evolution from "Khingila" to "Eškiŋil" is problematic.
The figure in the seal wears what is called a "tulip headdress", a type of headdress well known in Bactria from the time of the Kidarites (4th century CE), to the time of the Turks (6th century) and beyond.

## Sources

* Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2002) 'The Bactrian inscription on the seal of Khingila.' Silk Road Art and Archaeology, vol. 8. pp. 143–148
# Second line

Second line may refer to:
* Second Line (album), a 2021 album by American singer-songwriter Dawn Richard.
* Second line (ice hockey), an offensive unit generally composed of second-tier players
* Second line (parades), a tradition in brass band parades in New Orleans, Louisiana, as well as an associated traditional dance style
* Second Line (shipping line), a shipping line also known as Robert Kermits Red Star Line or New Line
* The Second Line, an American jazz magazine
# Seishun Hanamichi

"Seishun Hanamichi" (青春花道; English: "Youth runway") is the thirty-eighth single by the Japanese pop rock band Porno Graffitti. It was released on September 11, 2013.
# Seedsnipe

The seedsnipes are a small family, Thinocoridae, of small gregarious waders which have adapted to a herbivorous diet. The family is divided into two genera, Attagis and Thinocorus, each containing two species. The family has a South American distribution, in the Andean and Patagonian regions. The relationships with other families within the order Charadriiformes are uncertain; it has been suggested that the plains wanderer of Australia, the jacanas and the painted snipes are their closest relatives. The plains wanderer in particular has a similar feeding ecology, although differs markedly in breeding biology. The family's common name is misleading, as they do not resemble true snipe, having short bills on small heads, and seeds do not form a major part of the diet. One species Thinocorus rumicivorus is however known to feed on the fleshy flower petal appendages of Calceolaria uniflora, a species of Scrophularaceae. In the process of feeding on these sugar rich appendages, they also pollinate the flowers.
They resemble grouse, quail and sandgrouse, only with long wings. The seedsnipes in the genus Thinocorus are smaller, ranging in size from a sparrow to a snipe, whereas the genus Attagis are larger, the size of a ptarmigan. They have short legs (but long toes) and tails. The colour of their plumage is generally cryptic. There is some sexual dimorphism in the plumage of the Thinocorus species, the males have grey faces, necks and breasts.
Seedsnipes inhabit a variety of harsh environments, including grasslands, grass steppes, semi-arid deserts and alpine habitats. The rufous-bellied seedsnipe ranges as far up as to the snowline (5500 m).
Their 2–3 eggs are laid in a shallow scrape on the ground.

## Species

| Image | Genus | Species |
| | Attagis (Saint-Hilaire and Lesson, 1831) | Rufous-bellied seedsnipe Attagis gayi White-bellied seedsnipe Attagis malouinus |
| | Thinocorus Eschscholtz, 1829 | Grey-breasted seedsnipe Thinocorus orbignyanus Least seedsnipe Thinocorus rumicivorus |
# Thandangorai

Thandangorai is a village in the Thanjavur taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Thandangorai had a total population of 941 with 472 males and 469 females. The sex ratio was 994. The literacy rate was 68.33.
# Maclura brasiliensis

Maclura brasiliensis is a species of plant in the family Moraceae. It is found in Brazil, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela.
# Marze Peak

Marze Peak is a rock peak with twin summits near the south end of the ridge between Wessbecher Glacier and Hudman Glacier, in the Petvar Heights at the south end of the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1957 to 1959, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Marion O. Marze, an aviation machinist's mate from the U.S. Navy who perished in the crash of a P2V Neptune airplane at McMurdo Sound on October 18, 1956.
# Palaquium hexandrum

Palaquium hexandrum is a tree in the family Sapotaceae. The specific epithet hexandrum means 'six stamens', referring to the flowers.

## Description

Palaquium hexandrum grows up to 50 metres (160 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 120 centimetres (50 in). The bark is dark brown. The inflorescences bear up to 18 flowers. The edible fruits are round or ovoid, up to 3 centimetres (1 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

Palaquium hexandrum is native to Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Its habitat is lowland forests, sometimes riverine.

## Uses

The seeds of Palaquium hexandrum are used in cooking. The latex is used to make gutta-percha. The timber is harvested and traded as nyatoh.

## Conservation

Palaquium hexandrum has been assessed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List. The significant threat to the species is deforestation: in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo for conversion of land to palm oil cultivation.
# Holmegaard

Until 1 January 2007, Holmegaard was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Storstrøm County in the southern part of the island of Zealand (Sjælland) in south Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 66 km$^2$, and had a total population of 7,442 (2005). Its last mayor was Søren Dysted, a member of the Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Fensmark.
The municipality was created in 1966 when the following parishes were combined: Fensmark-Rislev Parish and Holme-Olstrup Parish. As the result of kommunalreform ("Municipality Reform") in 1970, Toksværd Parish was incorporated into Holmegaard municipality, and Rislev Parish was incorporated into Næstved municipality.
Holmegaard municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). It was merged with existing Fladså, Fuglebjerg, Næstved, and Suså municipalities to form the new Næstved municipality. This created a municipality with an area of 681 km$^2$ and a total population of 78,446 (2005). The new municipality belongs to Region Sjælland ("Zealand Region").

## Holmegaard Glassworks

(read more Holmegaard Glass Factory)
The home of famous Holmegaard Glassworks products is located in Fensmark. The company got its start in 1823 when Count Christian Danneskjold-Samsøe petitioned the Danish king for permission to build a glassworks at Holmegaard Mose ("Holmegaard Bog"). Today the company is known for its high-quality products of Danish design.
# Yine people

The Yine (also Piro) are an indigenous people in Peru. In the Cusco, Loreto, and Ucayali Departments, they live along the Urubamba River. They live along the Madre de Dios River in the Madre de Dios Department.

## Name

Besides Yine, they are also called Chontaquiro, Contaquiro, Pira, Piro, Pirro, Simiranch, and Simirinche.

## Economy and subsistence

Yine people farm, fish, and raise livestock, particularly cattle. They also work in the lumber industry. They traditionally used swidden agriculture to grow yuca. Oxfam helped the Yine to secure ownership rights to their traditional farmlands and to develop sustainable farming practices. They grow several varieties of yuca today, as well as medicine plants, such as sangre de grado (Croton lechleri).

## Language

Yine people speak the Yine language, which is a Piro language and part of the Southern Maipuran language family. It is written in the Latin script. Over half of the Yine people have a basic literacy rate.
# Martin Hicks

Martin Hicks (born 27 February 1957) is a former footballer who played in the Football League as a defender for Reading and Birmingham City. He made 500 League appearances for Reading.
Hicks holds the record for the highest number of first team appearances by a Reading player, making a total of 603 first team appearances.
In a 2005 fans' vote to compile Reading's best-ever eleven, Hicks was voted on the team as one of the centre backs.
Between March and August 1979, Hicks was one of the Reading back five that kept a clean sheet for 1,103 minutes – a record that stood until broken by Manchester United.
After leaving Reading he joined Birmingham City, and was their Player of the Year for 1992.
# Small nucleolar RNA SNORD28

In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD28 (U28) is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. U28 is encoded within the U22 snoRNA host gene (UHG) in mammals and is thought to act as a 2'-O-ribose methylation guide for ribosomal RNA.
# Marvin Gamez

Marvin Gamez (born July 21, 2003) is an American soccer player who plays as a midfielder for USL Championship club Las Vegas Lights via the Los Angeles FC academy.

## Club career

Gamez played as part of the USSDA academy side for FC Golden State, before joining MLS side Los Angeles FC's academy. In 2021, Gamez spent time with LAFC's USL Championship affiliate side Las Vegas Lights.
Gamez made his professional debut for Las Vegas Lights on June 19, 2021, against Orange County SC. He came on as an 89th-minute substitute as Las Vegas lost 3–1.

## Career statistics

    As of match played November 8, 2021
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Las Vegas Lights | 2021 | USL Championship | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
# Kristian Tambs

Kristian Tambs (25 May 1951 – 13 June 2017) was a Norwegian psychologist.
He took the doctorate at the University of Oslo in 1989, was then a postdoc fellow at the Virginia Commonwealth University until 1991, when he was hired at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
# Kristian Sørli

Kristian Hoem Sørli (born 8 August 1976) is a retired Norwegian footballer who last played for Strindheim in the 2. divisjon. He has also played for Rosenborg BK, IK Start, Viking FK, Strømsgodset IF and Ranheim.
In 2016, he became the head coach of IL Brodd.

## Career statistics

| Season | Club | Division | League | League | Cup | Cup | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 2000 | Start | Tippeligaen | 26 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 30 | 1 |
| 2001 | Viking | Tippeligaen | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| 2002 | Viking | Tippeligaen | 15 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 18 | 1 |
| 2003 | Viking | Tippeligaen | 23 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 27 | 5 |
| 2004 | Viking | Tippeligaen | 20 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 22 | 2 |
| 2005 | Viking | Tippeligaen | 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| 2006 | Strømsgodset | 1. divisjon | 30 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 31 | 1 |
| 2007 | Strømsgodset | Tippeligaen | 12 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| 2008 | Strømsgodset | Tippeligaen | 15 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| 2009 | Stavanger | 1. divisjon | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 2011 | Ranheim | 1. divisjon | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| 2012 | Ranheim | 1. divisjon | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| 2013 | Strindheim | 2. divisjon | 17 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 191 | 9 | 33 | 1 | 224 | 10 |
# Victorian Mounted Rifles

The Victorian Mounted Rifles (VMR) was a regiment composed of Australian forces that served in the Second Boer War. It was first raised by Colonel Tom Price in the mid-1880s, composed of voluntary forces. It was composed of several contingents, the most notable being the 5th Victorian Mounted Rifles.

## Composition
### 2nd Victorian Mounted Rifles

This was led by Colonel Thomas Price in the Second Boer War.

### 5th Victorian Mounted Rifles

The 5th contingent enrolled for the Second Boer War in February 1901, leaving for South Africa in mid-February. The regiment was mobilised at Pretoria between 24 March and 4 April 1901. It saw considerable action during the Second Boer War when it was used to combat the guerilla warfare tactics of the Boers. Leslie Cecil Maygar was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallant acts during the Second Boer War whilst enlisted in 5 VMR.
The Regiment came into controversy after an attack on their camp at Wilmansrust. The 5th saw heavy casualties with the Regimental surgeon, and 18 NCOs and men killed; five officers and 36 NCOs and men were wounded. The Officer in Charge of the column, Major-General Sir Stuart Brownlow Beatson, K.C.B., K.C.S.I., K.C.V.O. (1854–1914), was not satisfied with the actions of the Victorian Mounted Rifles and was quoted as saying: "I tell you what I think. The Australians are a damned fat, round shouldered, useless crowd of wasters . . . In my opinion they are a lot of white-livered curs . . . You can add dogs too." He charged three men—Troopers James Steele (1142), Arthur Richards (1272) and Herbert Henry Parry (1335).—of the VMR for inciting mutiny and after a summary Court Martial, he sentenced them to death. This sentence was commuted by General Kitchener who was in charge of all allied forces. The reduced sentences were debated in both the Australian and British Parliaments and were eventually commuted.
When the 5th VMR departed from South Africa, Lord Kitchener sent the CO this telegram:
   "11 March 1902, Cape Town, Please Convey to your Australians my warm appreciation of their gallant and arduous service in this country. In the name of the Army in South Africa, I wish them good luck and God speed."
# Vilchura

Vilchura is a genus of spiders in the family Euagridae. It was first described in 2017 by Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff. As of 2017, it contains only one species, Vilchura calderoni, from Chile.
# Kristofer Blindheim Grønskag

Kristofer Blindheim Grønskag (born December 4, 1984) is a Norwegian playwright.
Grønskag has a master's degree in Applied Theatre Science from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.
His professional debut as a playwright was with the play The Beloved (Den elskede) in 2009, which premiered at Teaterhuset Avant Garden in Trondheim. He has written several plays for both children, youth and adults, and his work is so far translated into ten languages.
Next to his work as a playwright Grønskag has taught different classes at Norwegian universities.
Grønskag was playwright in residence at The Norwegian Centre for New Playwriting in Oslo 2014–2015. During the same period he was also the Norwegian representative in European Writers Lab.

## Selected plays in English

* 2016 - Counting to zero
* 2015 - Satellites in the Night Sky (children's theatre)
* 2012 - Kinder K
* 2009 - The Beloved

## Works produced in English

* 2017 - Kinder K at Drama Centre London. Produced by Cut the Cord Productions. Directed by Camilla Gürtler.

## Selected awards and nominations

* 2018 - Nominated for the National Ibsen Award 2018 for Counting to zero.
* 2018 - Winner of the Jugendtheaterpreis Baden-Württemberg for Satellites in the Night Sky. Translated by Nelly Winterhalder.
* 2017 - Winner of the Nordic Radio Drama Prize 2017 for the NRK radio theatre production of The Beloved.
* 2016 - Longlisted for the Deutscher Kindertheaterpreia 2016 for Satellites in the Night Sky.
* 2012 - Second place in the Norwegian Theatre Council's play contest for Kinder K.
* 2012 - Third place in the Norwegian Theatre Council's play contest for The Beloved.
* 2012 - Amsterdam Fringe Bronze Award for The Beloved.
# Victorian Liberal Party (1954)

The Victorian Liberal Party (VLP), often called the Hollway Liberals, was an independent political party formed on 27 October 1954 from a grouping of supporters of Thomas Hollway, a former leader of the Liberal and Country Party and Premier of Victoria. The extant Liberal and Country Party was the actual Victorian division of the Liberal Party.
The party was formed from the Electoral Reform League, a political group formed by Hollway after his expulsion from the Liberal and Country Party, with the goal of re-distributing Victoria's electoral boundaries, which Hollway and his supporters saw as mal-apportioned in favour of the Country Party. With electoral reform implemented by John Cain's Labor government, the group became known as the "Hollway group". On 27 October 1954, the Speaker informed the assembly that Hollway's group had formally become an Opposition party. Hollway told reporters that he had attempted to unify opposition against the Labor Party, but that the Liberal and Country Party had rejected his overtures, leaving him no option but to form a "separate political entity". He stated that the VLP had been formed to bring "the true principles of liberalism to the Parliament".
In December 1954 Hollway issued an ultimatum to the Cain government, demanding it remove price controls or his party would use its two votes in the Victorian Legislative Council to defeat the Price Control Extension Bill, which would have extended government control of prices a further twelve months from its expiration date of 31 December. The government ignored the ultimatum, and the bill was defeated in the upper house, but Cain came to an agreement with Hollway to maintain supply.
The party ceased to exist in 1955 when all four members of the party (Hollway, Alexander Dennett, John Don and Ray Tovell) lost their seats in the Legislative Assembly at the 1955 state election.
# Villaselán

Villaselán is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 270 inhabitants.
# María Soledad Barría

María Soledad Barría Iroume (born 27 October 1953) is a Chilean physician who served as minister during the first government of Michelle Bachelet (2006–2010).
# María Solana

María Roncesvalles Solana Arana (born 5 October 1975) is a Navarrese politician, Minister of Education of Navarre from April 2017 to August 2019 and Spokesperson of the Government of Navarre from September 2016 to August 2019.