OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The City in History

The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects is a 1961 National Book Award winner by American historian Lewis Mumford.
It was first published by Harcourt, Brace & World (New York).

## Synopsis

Mumford argues for a world not in which technology rules, but rather in which it achieves a balance with nature. His ideal vision is what can be described as an "organic city," where culture is not usurped by technological innovation but rather thrives with it. Mumford contrasts these cities with those constructed around wars, tyrants, poverty, etc. However, the book is not an attack on the city, but rather an evaluation of its growth, how it came to be, and where it is heading, as evidenced by the final chapter "Retrospect and Prospect."
Mumford notes apologetically in his preface that his "method demands personal experience and observation," and that therefore he has "confined [him]self as far as possible to cities and regions [he is] acquainted with at first hand."

## Style

Mumford's florid writing style is also "organic" compared to the cold, mechanical style of many history texts. Stylistically, his works are full of metaphors and similes, as well as quotations from famous novelists, giving his prose shades of poetry. He refers to such texts as Great Expectations and Hard Times, sometimes using citations to illustrate to the reader what life was like during the industrial era and the city in which Dickens lived.
Articles have been written on Mumford's use of metaphors and how his works can often be read as "fiction," in the sense that they have narrative flow. That is evident in this book, in which, instead of a human protagonist on which the story centers, we have the city and its growth in a quasi-bildungsroman fashion.

## Editions

* Hardcover, MJF Books (August 1997) ISBN 978-1-56731-211-9
* Paperback, Harvest Books (October 1968) ISBN 978-0-15-618035-1
# Purple Funk

"Purple Funk" is a 2017 song by Mothers Favorite Child featuring singer CeCe Peniston, released as a music download, as well on CD single, distributed through the band's own label MFC in association with Reel People Music on June 22, 2017.

## Credits and personnel

* Paris Toon - co-writer, programmer, engineer, producer
* Cecilia Peniston - lead vocals, co-writer ("Purple Funk"), producer
* Whitney Jones - back vocals, co-writer ("Purple Funk")
* Eloni Yawn - back vocals, co-writer ("Wish")
* Richard Simpson - co-writer/rap (Blackwell Extended Mix)
* Maurice Joshua - co-writer ("Purple Funk"), programmer
* Ted Belledin - co-writer ("Wish"), programmer
* Roger Dryer - bass
* Dan Petrosino - drums
* John Blackwell - drums, remix ("Purple Funk")
* Kent Phillips - engineer
* Kathleen Dyson - guitar, remix ("Wish")
* Kolton Lee - guitar
* Tyrone Chase - guitar
* JWhite - horns
* Tenth Month - programmer
* Desert Rock - remix ("Wish")
* Mike Patto (as Reel People) - remix ("Purple Funk")
* Oli Lazarus (as Reel People) - remix ("Purple Funk")
* Tom Davidson (as Reel People) - remix ("Purple Funk")

## Track listing and format
### MD, #RPM066

* "Purple Funk" - 6:10
* "Purple Funk (Reel People Remix)" - 7:19
* "Purple Funk (Reel People Dub)" - 6:24
* "Purple Funk (Reel People Instrumental Remix)" - 7:19

### MD, AAC

* "Purple Funk (Radio Edit)" - 4:01
* "Purple Funk (Blackwell Extended Mix)" - 6:05
* "Purple Funk (Instrumental) - 6:07"
* "Wish (Kat Dyson Mix)" - 3:17

### CDS

* "Purple Funk (Radio Edit)" - 4:01
* "Purple Funk (Blackwell Extended Mix)" - 6:05
* "Purple Funk (Instrumental) - 6:07"
* "Wish (Kat Dyson Mix)" - 3:17
* "Wish (Desert Rock Mix)" - 3:26$^┼$
Note: $^┼$ denotes a hidden track

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot Singles Sales | 2 |
# Rapid River Township

Rapid River Township is the name of two townships in the United States:
* Rapid River Township, Michigan
* Rapid River Township, Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota
# Médédjonou

Médédjonou is an arrondissement in the Ouémé department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Adjarra. According to the Institut National de la Statistique Benin census of February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 13,959.
# Myloplus tumukumak

Myloplus tumukumak is a medium to large omnivorous fish of the family Serrasalmidae from the Tumucumaque Mountain Range, in Brazil and French Guiana.
# Myrceugenia scutellata

Myrceugenia scutellata is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae.
The plant is endemic to the Atlantic Forest ecoregion in southeastern Brazil.
# Myrceugenia planipes

Myrceugenia planipes, known as Valdivia's patagua (Patagua de Valdivia) is an evergreen found in Chile and Argentina from 37 to 45°S. It occurs between 400 (1300) and 700 m (2300 ft) above sea level.

## Description

It is an evergreen small tree or shrub that measures up to 8 m (26 ft) tall, smooth grey bark, young shoots are densely hairy, opposite and elliptical leaves with the entire margin, acuminate apex and wedge-shaped to acuminate base. The leaves are 2.2–8 cm long and 1.3 cm wide, glossy green and glabrous above and pale green and hairy below when young. Petioles are fluted 2–6 mm long. Midrib prominent underside. The flowers are hermaphrodite, solitary and axillary or clustered in axillary inflorescences in groups of 2-3 flowers, 4 sepals fused at the base and 4 with free falling white petals . The stamens are very numerous: they vary 120-220 and 7–12 mm long, a style about 5–8 mm long. The fruit is a black sub-globose berry, about 0.8–1 cm diameter . Within it there are 3-4 seeds about 4–5 mm long.

## Uses

It is used in popular medicine as remedy for skin diseases.

## Etymology

It is the fusion of the names of the genera Myrcia and Eugenia. It has been planted in Spain.
# René Keller

René Keller is an East German luger who competed in the mid-1980s. He won the silver medal in the men's doubles event at the 1985 FIL World Luge Championships in Oberhof, East Germany.
Keller's best overall finish in the Luge World Cup was third in men's doubles in 1984-5.
# Richard Bristowe

Richard Bristowe may refer to:
* Richard Bristow (1538–1581), English Catholic controversialist and Biblical scholar
* Richard Bristowe (MP) for Appleby
# Sholagampatti

Sholagampatti is a village in the Thanjavur taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Sholagampatti had a total population of 1494 with 730 males and 764 females. The sex ratio was 1047. The literacy rate was 70.86.
# Neoptochus

Neoptochus is a genus of oriental broad-nosed weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae. There is at least one described species in Neoptochus, N. adspersus.
# Tammy McLeod

Tammy McLeod (born February 15, 1977) is a Canadian boccia player who has competed at four Paralympic Games. She won bronze in team BC1/BC2 boccia at the 2015 Parapan American Games.

## Career

McLeod has played boccia since she was a teenager and has competed at the Sydney 2000, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008, and London 2012 Paralympics. At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, McLeod's team, composed of her, Adam Dukovich, Brock Richardson, and Dave Richer, lost both their preliminary round games in mixed BC1/BC2 boccia team and did not advance beyond the group stage.
McLeod competed at the 2015 Parapan American Games. She won bronze in team BC1/BC2 boccia on a team with Dukovich, Hanif Mawji, and Chris Halpen.
In 2023, McLeod was given the Ontario Cerebral Palsy Sports Association (OCPSA) Athlete Lifetime Achievement Award.

## Personal life

McLeod has cerebral palsy and a speech impediment. Her 2015 Parapan American Games medal was stolen from her apartment after the Games in 2015. She was given a replacement medal by the Canadian Paralympic Committee.
# Płońsk railway station

Płońsk railway station is a railway station in Płońsk, Płońsk, Masovian, Poland. It is served by Koleje Mazowieckie.
# Pelecocera tricincta

Pelecocera tricincta is a species of hoverfly, from the family Syrphidae.

## Description

Pelecocera tricincta is a small a hoverfly reaching a length of 4–5 millimetres (0.16–0.20 in). It has a black scutellum, three black bands on the yellow abdomen and swollen triangular third antennal segments.
Adults can be found from June to October, when they visit yellow composites such as Hieracium, flowers of Common Tormentil (Potentilla erecta), heather (Calluna) and Cross-leaved heath (Erica tetralix).

## Distribution

This species is present in most of Europe, in the eastern Palearctic realm, and in North Africa.

## Habitat

This species is usually associated with the margins of bogs, wet heaths, mires and heathlands.
# Rat Root Lake

Rat Root Lake is a lake in Koochiching County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Rat Root Lake was named for the roots eaten by muskrats.
# Tan Le

Tan Le (Vietnamese: Lê Thị Thái Tần, born 20 May 1977) is a Vietnamese-born Australian telecommunications entrepreneur and a co-founder of Emotiv. She was named the 1998 Young Australian of the Year.

## Career

As president of the Vietnamese Community of Footscray Association, she made a number of contributions to charities and newspapers throughout Melbourne.
Le is a co-founder of software company Emotiv which specialises in electroencephalography (EEG) headsets. Le has spoken of her desire to ensure the company's products are affordable enough for the consumer. She believes that by democratising the technology, there is a greater chance of innovation from individuals, research groups and companies.
In February 2020, Le published her first book, The NeuroGeneration: The new era of brain enhancement revolutionising the way we think, work and heal.

## Recognition

In 1998, Le was named Young Australian of the Year and one of Australia's 30 Most Successful Women Under 30.
Le's story was featured in the 'Hope' section of the Eternity Exhibition of the National Museum of Australia.
# Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's skeet

The Women's skeet event at the 2012 Olympic Games took place on 29 July 2012 at the Royal Artillery Barracks.
The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final. In the qualifier, each shooter fired 3 sets of 25 shots in the set order of skeet shooting.
The top 6 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round. There, they fired one additional round of 25. The total score from all 100 shots was used to determine final ranking. Ties are broken using a shoot-off; additional shots are fired one at a time until there is no longer a tie.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.
Qualification records :
| World record | Kim Rhode (USA) | 75 | Tucson, United States | 25 March 2012 |
| Olympic record | Chiara Cainero (ITA) | 72 | Beijing, China | 14 August 2008 |
Final records :
| World record | Danka Barteková (SVK) | 99 (74+25) | Nicosia, Cyprus | 9 July 2008 |
| Olympic record | Chiara Cainero (ITA) Kim Rhode (USA) Christine Brinker (GER) | 93 (72+21) 93 (70+23) 93 (70+23) | Beijing, China | 14 August 2008 |

## Qualification round

| Rank | Athlete | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | Tie Break | Total | Notes |
| 1 | Kim Rhode | United States | 25 | 25 | 24 | | 74 | Q, OR |
| 2 | Danka Barteková | Slovakia | 25 | 22 | 23 | | 70 | Q |
| 3 | Marina Belikova | Russia | 24 | 23 | 22 | | 69 | Q |
| 4 | Wei Ning | China | 24 | 19 | 25 | | 68 | Q |
| 5 | Christine Wenzel | Germany | 22 | 23 | 23 | | 68 | Q |
| 6 | Chiara Cainero | Italy | 22 | 21 | 24 | 2 | 67 | Q |
| 7 | Therese Lundqvist | Sweden | 22 | 22 | 23 | 1 | 67 | |
| 8 | Francisca Crovetto | Chile | 22 | 22 | 22 | | 66 | |
| 9 | Angelina Michshuk | Kazakhstan | 22 | 22 | 22 | | 66 | |
| 10 | Veronique Girardet | France | 22 | 23 | 21 | | 66 | |
| 11 | Sutiya Jiewchaloemmit | Thailand | 20 | 23 | 22 | | 65 | |
| 12 | Lucia Liliana Mihalache | Romania | 25 | 20 | 20 | | 65 | |
| 13 | Çiğdem Özyaman | Turkey | 23 | 20 | 20 | | 63 | |
| 14 | Elena Allen | Great Britain | 20 | 20 | 20 | | 60 | |
| 15 | Lauryn Mark | Australia | 17 | 22 | 20 | | 59 | |
| 16 | Panagiota Andreou | Cyprus | 15 | 22 | 20 | | 57 | |
| 17 | Mona El-Hawary | Egypt | 14 | 20 | 17 | | 51 | |

## Final

| Rank | Athlete | Country | QF | Final | Total | Bronze Medal Tie Break | Notes |
| | Kim Rhode | United States | 74 | 25 | 99 | | =WR, OR |
| | Wei Ning | China | 68 | 23 | 91 | | |
| | Danka Barteková | Slovakia | 70 | 20 | 90 | 4 | |
| 4 | Marina Belikova | Russia | 69 | 21 | 90 | 3 | |
| 5 | Chiara Cainero | Italy | 67 | 22 | 89 | | |
| 6 | Christine Wenzel | Germany | 68 | 21 | 89 | | |
# Presbyterian Church in Honduras

The Presbyterian Church in Honduras was founded in 1960, by the National Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Guatemala. Presbyterian settlers come to Honduras and asked the Presbyterian Church in Honduras to send missionaries. The first church was formed in Guimaca. There are dozens of congregations within 150 km of Tegucigalpa. The church recognise the Westminster Confession of Faith, the Heidelberg Catechism, the Apostles Creed, and Nicene Creed. The congregations are small in size, and very poor.
# Primary Colors

Primary Colors may refer to:

## Books and films

* Primary Colors (novel), a 1996 novel by Joe Klein
* Primary Colors (film), a 1998 film based on the novel

## Music

* Primary Colors (album), by Day After Tomorrow (2004)
* Primary Colours (The Horrors album) (2009)
* Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) (2008)
* Primary Colors (soundtrack) music by Ry Cooder
* Primary Colours (Magic! album), a 2016 album by MAGIC!
* "Primary Colours", song by The Horrors from the album Primary Colors and the B-side of the single "Whole New Way"
# Open Phone Abstraction Library

In the field of VoIP networking, the Open Phone Abstraction Library (OPAL) continues the open-source openh323 project to support a wide range of commonly used protocols used to send voice, video and fax data over IP networks rather than being tied to the H.323 protocol. Initially, from 2007, OPAL supported the H.323 and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) protocols, but it has grown to include Asterisk IAX2.

## About

OPAL implements a wide range of Voice over IP (VoIP) protocols for voice, video and fax data over IP networks.
It is written in C++ and released under the Mozilla Public Licence.
OPAL utilises the PTLib portable library that allows OPAL to run on a variety of platforms including Unix/Linux/BSD, MacOSX, Windows, Windows mobile and embedded systems.
Opal was developed as a derivative of the OpenH323 library.

## Applications

OPAL is used by the open source Video Conferencing Program Ekiga (formerly GnomeMeeting).
# Tancredo

Tancredo may refer to:
* Tancredo Neves (1910–1985), Brazilian statesman
* Tancredo Pinochet (1879–1957), Chilean intellectual
* Tom Tancredo (born 1945), American politician
# Myrtle Grove

Myrtle Grove can refer to:
* Myrtle Grove, Bingley, United Kingdom
* Myrtle Grove, Youghal, Republic of Ireland
* Myrtle Grove, Florida, U.S.
* Myrtle Grove (Easton, Maryland), home on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places
* Myrtle Grove, North Carolina, in New Hanover County, U.S.
* Myrtle Grove Plantation, Tensas Parish, Louisiana, on the U.S. NRHP
* Myrtle Grove Plantation, Georgia, U.S.
# The Departed (The Green Green Grass)

"The Departed" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, The Green Green Grass. It was screened on 12 February 2009, as the sixth episode of the fourth series. It was written by Keith R. Lindsey and directed by Dewi Humphreys.

## Synopsis

Tyler is preparing for his first gig with his band, Puddle of Agony. He has booked a venue at the university and Boycie and Marlene are driving him down with all the kit in the boot. Left alone to look after The Grange, the staff head down to the pub where they get talking to Natasha and Ian, two psychic detectives who are in the area seeking phantoms and ghouls. They work for Paranormal Monthly magazine and are offering £5,000 for the photo of a ghost. Spotting a way to make some money, Elgin offers them the run of a haunted thirty-room manor house.

## Episode cast

| Actor | Role |
| John Challis | Boycie |
| Sue Holderness | Marlene |
| Jack Doolan | Tyler |
| David Ross | Elgin Sparrowhawk |
| Ivan Kaye | Bryan |
| Ella Kenion | Imelda Cakeworthy |
| Peter Heppelthwaite | Jed |

## Production, broadcast and reception
### Writer and cast

Keith R. Lindsay writes this episode. This is his first episode of the fourth series.
# Retama monosperma

Retama monosperma, the bridal broom or bridal veil broom, is a flowering bush species in the genus Retama, native to the parts of the Mediterranean Basin (Algeria, Morocco, Portugal and Spain in the west, Egypt, the East Aegean Islands and Greece in the east). It has been introduced elsewhere.
Retama monosperma forms root nodules with Ensifer fredii. The larvae of the moths Phyllonorycter hesperiella and Phyllonorycter spartocytisi feed on R. monosperma.
The seeds contain cytisine, a toxic alkaloid. Fifteen other quinolizidine and three dipiperidine alkaloids can also be isolated from different parts of the plant. In particular, the presence of (+)-sparteine, α- and β-isosparteine, (+)-17-oxosparteine, (-)-lupanine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, (-)-anagyrine, (-)-N-methylcytisine and (+)-ammodendrine can be detected.
# Wilco Melissant

Wilco Melissant (born 8 December 1968) is a Dutch director who directed various arthouse video productions for Witchhunt Productions, of which he himself is the chairman. His productions were shown on the Dutch TV station RotterdamTV.
His work was shown at the 2005 International Multimedial Art Festival (IMAF) in Odžaci, Serbia and the 2006 R EJECT Film Festival in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
# Richard Britnell

Richard Hugh Britnell FRHistS FBA (21 April 1944 – 17 December 2013) was Professor (later Professor Emeritus) of the Department of History, University of Durham. An economic historian, his work demonstrated that "commerce played an essential part in medieval life". His obituary in The Guardian stated that "Not many academics can be said to have moved the boundaries of their subject, yet no one meeting Richard encountered any pretension or flamboyance". He was a prolific author.

## Career

Britnell was born on 21 April 1944, the son of Ronald Britnell and Edith (née Mason), both of whom were teachers. He was educated at Bedford Modern School and Clare College, Cambridge.
After Cambridge, Britnell was appointed a lecturer at Durham University, initially in the economic history department. He later moved to the history department where he was made a professor in 1997 although forced to take early retirement in 2003 due to ill health. However, he continued to work as emeritus professor and continued to publish work and be involved in the life of the university and the city.
Britnell's academic work dealt with medieval economic history, a field in which he was regarded as a pioneer. He was a prolific author and in 2005 was elected Fellow of the British Academy. His obituary in The Guardian stated that "Not many academics can be said to have moved the boundaries of their subject, yet no one meeting Richard encountered any pretension or flamboyance".

## Family life

In 1973, Britnell married Jenny, a lecturer in French at Durham University; they had two sons. Britnell died on 17 December 2013.

## Selected publications

* "Bureaucracy and literacy" in Lansing, C. and English, E.D. (eds.), A companion to the medieval world. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 413–434; ISBN 978-1-4051-0922-2.
* "The Commercialisation of English Society, 1000-1500". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 978-0521141451.
* (ed., with A. J. Pollard) The McFarlane Legacy: Studies in Late-Medieval Politics and Society. Stroud: Sutton (1995) ISBN 0-7509-0626-X.
* "Markets, Trade and Economic Development in England and Europe, 1050-1550". Ashgate, 2009.ISBN 978-0754659839.
# Pushpagiri, Andhra Pradesh

Pushpagiri is a village in Kadapa District, in Andhra Pradesh, India. It lies on the Penna River, about 16 km to the north of Kadapa. It has a number of important temples, of which the largest, Chennakesava Temple, is thought to date from 1298 AD.
# Raulo Cáceres

Francisco Raúl Cáceres Anillo, usually credited as Raulo Cáceres (born February 20, 1976), is a Spanish comic artist. He is best known for his work at Avatar Press, in particular providing art for titles by Warren Ellis.

## Biography

He studied Fine Arts in Sevilla and Granada and, starting in the early 1990s, he has been published in a number of local fanzines.
In Spain his best known work is the horror comic Elizabeth Bathory, reprinted by Eros Comix, who have also published his Morbid Tales and a reworking of de Sade's Justine and Juliette.
He started his American career in 2007 with Avatar Press, with Warren Ellis on Gravel, Crécy and Captain Swing and the Electrical Pirates of Cindery Island, then on the franchise Crossed with various writers. He's currently working with Max Brooks on The Extinction Parade.
# Pelecorhynchidae

Pelecorhynchidae is a small family of flies. All of the genera were originally placed in the family Rhagionidae, and their elevation to family rank has been controversial. Other phylogenetic analyses have supported Pelecorhynchidae as a distinct clade from Rhagionidae. The adults of Pelecorhynchus mostly feed on nectar of Leptospermum flowers. Larvae have been collected in the damp margins of swamp areas, where they feed on earthworms.

## Distribution

The genus Pelecorhynchus is known from Australia and Chile. The genera Glutops and Pseudoerinna are distributed in the Nearctic and eastern Palaearctic.
# Onland Lake

Onland Lake is a lake in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.
Onland Lake was named after T. O. Onland (or Onneland), an early settler.