OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate

Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) is a phorbol ester which is one of the constituents of croton oil. As an activator of protein kinase C, it is a weak tumor promoter compared to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
PDBu is widely used as a chemical reagent because of its solubility in water and other organic solvents.
# Phorbol esters

Phorbol esters are a class of chemical compounds found in a variety of plants, particularly in the families Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae. Chemically, they are ester derivatives of the tetracyclic diterpenoid phorbol.

## Biological activity

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a phorbol ester receptor. Phorbol esters can stimulate PKC in a similar way to diglycerides.
Phorbol esters are known for their ability to promote tumors. In particular, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is used as a biomedical research tool in models of carcinogenesis.
Plants that contain phorbol esters are often poisonous.
# Phyllidiopsis loricata

Phyllidiopsis loricata is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phyllidiidae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Tahiti. It has been reported from the Great Barrier Reef, Timor Sea (northern Australia), Guam, the Marshall Islands and Enewetok Atoll. Specimens from Réunion in the Indian Ocean may be a different species.

## Description

This nudibranch has a white dorsum with rounded black spots in a single row along both sides of the body, with a spot at the front, in front of the white rhinophores, and a similar spot at the back of the mantle. It is a moderately large Phyllidiid, growing to about 40 mm in length. It is similar to Phyllidia scottjohnsoni but that species has black spots along the midline of the back. It is possible that there are several undescribed species with similar coloration.

## Diet

This species feeds on a white sponge.
# Phyllidiopsis dautzenbergi

Phyllidiopsis bayi is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phyllidiidae.

## Distribution

This species was described from the Red Sea. It is endemic to the southern Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.

## Description

This nudibranch has a translucent white dorsum with black lines creating a central ring with lines running off at right angles to the margin. At the margin they widen slightly, giving the appearance of cut-off circular patches of white. It is a small Phyllidiid, growing to 20 mm in length.

## Diet

This species feeds on a sponge.
# Phthinosuchia

Phthinosuchia is an extinct group of therapsids including two poorly known species, Phthinosuchus discors and Phthinosaurus borrisiaki, from the Middle Permian of Russia. Phthinthosuchus is known a partial crushed skull and Phthinosaurus is known from an isolated lower jaw. The two species have traditionally been grouped together based on their shared primitive characteristics, but more recent studies have proposed that they are more distantly related. Phthinosuchus is either a carnivorous gorgonopsian relative or an anteosaurian dinocephalian while Phthinosaurus is either a herbivorous rhopalodont dinocephalian or a therocephalian.
Phthinosuchia was named by American paleontologist Everett C. Olson in 1961, who considered it the most primitive infraorder within Therapsida. A year later Olson named the new infraorder Eotheriodontia and reclassified Phthinosuchia as a subgroup of eotheriodonts, along with the families Biarmosuchidae and Brithopodidae. Each species has been placed in its own family; Phthinosuchidae was named by Soviet paleontologist Ivan Yefremov in 1954 for both Phthinthosuchus and Phthinosaurus, while Phthinosauridae was named by Leonid Tatarinov in 1974 for Phthinosaurus alone.
# Phthia (disambiguation)

Phthia was a region in ancient Greece; the home of the mythical Myrmidons
It can also refer to:
* In Greek mythology: see Phthia (mythology)
** Phthia, one of the Niobids
** Phthia, mother of Dorus, Laodocus and Polypoetes by Apollo
** Phthia or Clytia, concubine of Amyntor
** Phthia, daughter of Phoroneus
* In ancient history:
** Phthia of Epirus, the mother of Pyrrhus of Epirus
** Phthia of Macedon, a granddaughter of Pyrrhus of Epirus
* Other:
** 189 Phthia, an asteroid
** Phthia (bug), a genus of leaf-footed bug
# Photoprylad

Photoprylad is a research and production complex that works to meet the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, public health system, state institutions and organizations, specializing in development, design and production of optoelectronic devices and special-purpose equipment.

## History

Aydogdy Kurbanov founded Photoprylad in 1962 within the site of artel "Pobeda".
In 1965, the special design bureau was created, headed by Petrov I. and chief constructor Krivorotiy A.
From 1970 to 1972, Photoprylad took the lead in the design and production of devices for chemical-photographic processing, drying and interpretation of aerophotomaterials. Such space-oriented devices as "Svet", "Raccord", "Topaz" and others were developed and produced there. The first device was the interpretation marching kit PKD-1. The second was a device for washing photoprints PPO-1.
In 1972, precise mechanical devices production was initiated, along with optical mechanical, optical-electronic oriented (gyrocompass 1G-25 for determining true azimuth mounted on the artillery 1V12 complex.
In 1974, central design bureau "Sokol" was created as an individual organization. The chief constructor of CDB "Sokol" was Ablyazov R.
In 1974–1976, serial production of separate units and control equipment 9S475 started. It was mounted on the MI-24 helicopter.
In 1978, the CDB "Sokol" was an optical device for surveillance "IRIS". It was successfully tested with MI-24K helicopter.
In early 1980, the production of criminology devices was introduced, including the MC-1 microscope and REUS-1 reproduction installation.
In 1990, Photoprylad started to produce medical equipment, including ophthalmological devices "Stimul", "Alkor", and FK-30.
In 1994, research and production complex Photoprylad was created based on Photoprylad and CDB okol".
In 1995, Strela special design bureau became a part of R&PC.
In 1996, R&PC "Photoprylad" started producing tank sighting systems using laser and microscopic techniques.
Since 2011, Photoprylad joined the State Concern "Ukrboronprom."
R&PC "Photoprylad" includes design bureau Sokol and special design bureau Strela. From 2012 to 2014 Photoprylad was headed by Gordiienko V. (chief constructor). At the end of 2014 he was replaced by Korevo G. (ex-general director of Izium State-Owned Instrument-Making Plant,) .
Photoprylad is situated on 2 large industrial sites of 210 thousand square meters and about 1000 employees. R&PC cooperates with Eastern and European countries. On 20 October 2014 President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko announced that Photoprylad was included into programs of state order during 2015, producing night vision googles and thermal imagers for ATO soldiers.

## Products

R&PC produces both defense and civil products.
# Phyllonorycter trochetellus

Phyllonorycter trochetellus is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in Mauritius.
The length of the forewings is 2.75 mm.
# Phyllophaga hamata

Phyllophaga hamata is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.
# Phyllocnistis echinodes

Phyllocnistis echinodes is a moth of the family Gracillariidae, known from Maharashtra and Karnataka, India. The hostplant for the species is Anamirta cocculus.
# Phyllonorycter loxozona

Phyllonorycter loxozona is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from South Africa and Uganda. The record for Kenya is a misidentification of Cameraria torridella.
The length of the forewings is 2.8–3.2 mm. Adults are on wing from early February to mid-May and from early October to mid-December.
The larvae feed on Dombeya bagshawei, Dombeya emarginata and Dombeya rotundifolia. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Phoxocephalopsidae

Phoxocephalopsidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Amphipoda.
Genera:
* Eophoxocephalopsis Thurston, 1989
* Phoxocephalopsis Schellenberg, 1931
* Pseudurothoe Ledoyer, 1986
* Puelche Barnard & Clark, 1982
* Urothopsis Ledoyer, 1967
# Phyllis McAlpine

Phyllis Jean McAlpine (1941 – 1 October 1998) was a Canadian geneticist. She was a pioneer in mapping the human genome and served as Chair of the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee.

## Education

McAlpine was awarded an honours bachelor's degree at Western University where she won a gold medal in zoology. She received a master's degree from the University of Toronto in 1966. Her thesis was called An assessment of the creatine kinase test in the detection of carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. She went on to complete a PhD at University College London in 1970 with a thesis entitled Studies on the genetic variation of phosphoglucomutase in man. McAlpine was mentored and supervised by women in her field throughout her education. Her undergraduate work was performed under Helen Battle, and Margaret Thompson was her advisor in Toronto. Her PhD supervisor was Harry Harris.

## Career

McAlpine returned to Canada after her PhD to work as a postdoctoral fellow at Queen's University from 1970 to 1972 in the group of Nancy Simpson. McAlpine participated in a project to study genetic traits of peoples in the Arctic, living in northern Canada for a month in 1970.
In 1972, she started working at the University of Manitoba. Her main research focus was on mapping human genes. She served on the university senate between 1981 and 1985 and was Chair of the University Discipline Committee between 1990 and 1994. She was granted full professorship in 1985. From 1993 until her death, she was Chair of the Department of Human Genetics.
McAlpine was part of a group of geneticists who recognised the importance of standardised nomenclatures across all human genes and homologous genes in other species. She founded the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee and was Chair of the committee from 1992 until 1996. When she retired, her workload was so significant as to be divided between three full-time staff members. She contributed to the creation of guidelines and provided pre-publication services to researchers to ensure consistent gene labelling. She became known as the foremost expert and leader in gene nomenclature.
McAlpine was also a member of the American Society of Human Genetics since 1965 and was president of the Genetics Society of Canada in 1995. She was President of the Manitoba Chapter of the Canadian Association of Women in Science in 1993–1994.

## Awards and honours

* 1998 Founders Award for Excellence from the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists.
* 1996 Honoured by Human Genome Organization at a special presentation in Heidelberg.
* 1996 Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
* Fellow of the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists.

## Personal life

McAlpine was involved in church activities. She served as President of the Manitoba Opera Guild from 1976 to 1978.
She died from breast cancer in Winnipeg on 1 October 1998. Her grave is in Kilmartin Cemetery, Middlesex County, Ontario.
She left a personal bequest to the University of Manitoba Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics to create a graduate fellowship in her name supporting students researching medical genetics.
# Physical medium dependent

Physical medium dependent sublayers or PMDs further help to define the physical layer of computer network protocols. They define the details of transmission and reception of individual bits on a physical medium. These responsibilities encompass bit timing, signal encoding, interacting with the physical medium, and the properties of the cable, optical fiber, or wire itself. Common examples are specifications for Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
For cable modems physical medium dependent sublayers define the physical sub-layer.

## Description

The Ethernet PMD sublayer is part of the Ethernet physical layer (PHY). The hierarchy is as follows:
* Data link layer (Layer 2)
** Logical link control (LLC) sublayer
** Medium access control (MAC) sublayer
*** Reconciliation sublayer (RS) – This sublayer processes PHY local/remote fault messages and handles DDR conversion
* PHY layer (Layer 1)
** Physical coding sublayer (PCS) – This sublayer performs auto-negotiation and coding such as 8b/10b
** Physical medium attachment (PMA) sublayer – This sublayer performs PMA framing, octet synchronization/detection, and $x^{7}+x^{6}+1$ scrambling/descrambling
** Physical medium dependent (PMD) sublayer – This sublayer consists of a transceiver for the physical medium

## Physical medium dependent sublayer specifications
### 10 Gigabit Ethernet
#### 10GBASE-E

    has been defined for single-mode fiber operation only. It operates in the 1550 nm band allowing for distances of up to 40 km to be reached.

#### 10GBASE-L

    was also defined for single-mode fiber operations, uses the 1300 nm band allowing it to reach up to 10 km.

#### 10GBASE-S

    was defined for use in multimode fiber and ultimately costs less than the other 10GbE standards. It uses 850 nm lasers and only reaches distances ranging between 26 and 82 metres on older fiber technology. In newer optimized multimode fibers (a.k.a. OM3) it can reach up to 300 m.

#### 10GBASE-LX4

    uses four lasers that each transmit at 3.125 Gbit/s. The receiver is arranged in a wavelength-division multiplexing manner. On legacy FDDI multimode fiber it can reach up to 300 m while on single-mode fiber it can reach up to 10 km.
After these specifications have been laid out, they are then completed with local area network and wide area network specifications using different physical coding sublayer standards.
# Phyllonorycter aino

Phyllonorycter aino is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the island of Hokkaido in Japan and Korea.
The wingspan is 5.5–6 mm.
The larvae feed as leaf miners on Spiraea salicifolia. The mine is ptychonomous and located on the lower surface of the leaf.
# Phyllonorycter populiella

Phyllonorycter populiella, commonly known as the poplar leafminer moth, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada (British Columbia) and the United States (Kentucky, Ohio, Washington, Maine and New York).
The wingspan is 6–7 mm.
The larvae feed on Populus species, including Populus alba, Populus balsamifera, Populus dilatata, Populus grandidentata, Populus nigra and Populus tremuloides. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a tentiform mine on the underside of the leaf. The mines are exceedingly small and oval. An indistinct fold extends through the long axis. They are scarcely visible on the lower side, owing to the peculiar tomentose texture of the leaf, and on the upperside may be distinguished by the speckled appearance of the leaf, caused by the larva eating the parenchyma in spots. The pupa is not enclosed in a cocoon, but its anal end is attached to a small button of silk toward one end of the roof of the mine.
# Piancó River

The Piancó River is a river in northeastern Brazil, in the state of Paraíba and the municipality of Pombal.
# Phyllophilopsis

Phyllophilopsis is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Phyllophilopsis albifacies (Bigot, 1889)
* Phyllophilopsis anomala (Townsend, 1939)
* Phyllophilopsis caudata (Townsend, 1927)
* Phyllophilopsis disgracilis Nihei & Dios, 2016
* Phyllophilopsis dolichotarsis (Curran, 1934)
* Phyllophilopsis evanida Reinhard, 1958
* Phyllophilopsis fasciata (Curran, 1934)
* Phyllophilopsis gracilis (Townsend, 1919)
* Phyllophilopsis longipes (Thompson, 1968)
* Phyllophilopsis longitarsus (Wulp, 1891)
* Phyllophilopsis medinops (Townsend, 1934)
* Phyllophilopsis neotropica (Townsend, 1927)
* Phyllophilopsis nitens (Coquillett, 1899)
* Phyllophilopsis pallidicornis (Bigot, 1889)
* Phyllophilopsis similis (Townsend, 1934)
* Phyllophilopsis tenuifrons Curran, 1934
# Piero da Rimini

Pietro da Rimini lived in the early 14th century, and is known for his work Crucifixion, which is located in Urbania, near Urbino. Paintings in the church of S. Maria Portofuori in Ravenna are also attributed to him.
# Pierre-Amable de Bonne

Pierre-Amable de Bonne (November 25, 1758 – September 6, 1816) was a seigneur, lawyer, judge and political figure in Lower Canada.
He was born in Montreal in 1758, the son of Louis de Bonne de Missègle (1717-1760), Chevalier de Saint-Louis, and studied at a college operated by the Sulpicians, then the Collège Saint-Raphaël and the Petit Séminaire de Québec. He served in the militia defending the town of Quebec during the siege by the Americans in 1775–6. He participated in the campaign at Lake Champlain, becoming lieutenant, and was taken prisoner in 1777 at the Battle of Saratoga. De Bonne continued to serve in the militia after this time, becoming colonel in 1809. He studied law at Montreal and qualified as a lawyer and notary in 1780.
De Bonne inherited the seigneury of Sault-Sainte-Marie from his father; he acquired additional properties over the years. In 1781, he married Louise, daughter of Michel Chartier de Lotbinière; they separated by mutual consent in 1782. In 1788, he was named a justice of the peace. De Bonne was a director of the Théâtre de Société, formed in Montreal in 1789. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for York in 1792; he was elected again in Trois-Rivières in 1796 and then again in 1800. He was then elected in Quebec County in 1804, 1808 and 1809. In the assembly, de Bonne was among those supporting the use of French as well as English by the assembly. In 1794, he was named to the Executive Council, serving until his death. De Bonne helped found the newspaper Le Courier de Québec, which opposed the Parti canadien.
In 1794, he was appointed judge in the Court of Common Pleas and in the Court of King's Bench for Quebec district. As a judge, he supported the continued use of French civil law. The Parti canadien on a number of occasions attempted to introduced legislation prohibiting judges from sitting in the legislature; this was in part aimed at de Bonne. In 1809, Lieutenant-governor James Henry Craig dissolved parliament as a result. In 1810, the assembly voted to declare his seat vacant. Again, the governor dissolved parliament. De Bonne retired as a judge in 1812.
In 1805, de Bonne had married again after his first wife died in 1802. He died at his estate in Beauport in 1816 and apparently left his estate to a relative. His second wife was unable to secure a pension from the government after de Bonne's death and committed suicide in a hospital for the insane in 1848.
# Pieter van Aelst

Peter van Aelst, Peeter van Aelst or Pieter van Aelst is the name of a number of artists including:
* Pieter Coecke van Aelst, a Flemish painter of the 16th century
* Peeter van Aelst, a 17th-century Dutch still life painter referred to by Cornelis de Bie in his Het Gulden Cabinet
* Pieter van Aelst, a 17th-century Flemish genre painter active in Antwerp from 1644 to 1654
* Pieter van Aelst III, a Flemish tapestry weaver of the 16th century
# Pierre Gambini

Pierre Gambini (born in Corte, Corsica) is a French songwriter and composer.
He started in the 1990s as part of the musical formation I Cantelli singing polyphonic Corsican songs and launched a solo career after singing with in the film Sempre Vivu! in 2006. He then launched an electro rock career.
He is most famous for writing the soundtrack and music score for the fourth season of the Corsican-themed French TV series Mafiosa broadcast in 2012 and for the follow-up Mafiosa - L'ultime saison in 2014.

## Discography
### Albums and EPs

* Un omu ordinariu (7 tracks recorded during Mezzo Voce, 2007)
* Altru mondu (4 tracks, Mediterranean roots and Northern pop, 2010)
* Albe sistematiche (11-track album, 2011)
* Pierre Gambini EP (4 tracks, 2014)

### Soundtracks

| Year | Album | Peak positions | Certification |
| Year | Album | FR | Certification |
| 2007 | Sempre vivu! | – | |
| 2009 | A Prigiunera di San Ghjuvà (French title: La Prisonnière de Saint-Jean) | – | |
| 2012 | Mafiosa 4 | 132 | |
| 2014 | Mafiosa - L'ultime saison | 171 | |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions | Album |
| Year | Single | FR | Album |
| 2012 | Générique "Mafiosa 4" | 69 | Mafiosa 4 |

## Filmography

* 2007: Sempre vivu! - a musician
# Pimelodus maculatus

Pimelodus maculatus is a fish in the family Pimelodidae.
# Pierre Célor

Pierre Célor (19 April 1902, Tulle, Corrèze – 6 April 1957) was a member of the French Communist Party from 1923, becoming one of the four secretaries of its Central Committee in 1929, beside Maurice Thorez and Henri Barbé. However, he fell into disgrace after the Comintern expelled him from the PCF. In 1942 he joined the Parti populaire français (PPF) of Jacques Doriot.
After the Second World War, he was sentenced to seven years in prison for collaboration but was granted amnesty and was released in 1947. He participated in the anti-Communist review Est&Ouest and became close to traditional Catholics.

## Sources

* Philippe Robrieux, Histoire intérieure du parti communiste, T1 et T4, Fayard, Paris.
* This article about a French Communist Party politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Pierre Célestin Munyanshongore

Pierre Célestin Munyanshongore (born 1942 in Butare province and died in 2011) was an ethnic Hutu engineer in Rwanda. He attended university in Germany and graduated with a Mechanical Engineering degree in the 1960s. He was the director of a German project until 1994. At the end of the 1994 genocide Munyanshongore was arrested and released after eight years in prison. Before his death on November 27, 2011, he ran an education development project based in the Eastern province of Rwanda.
# Pietro Cussida

Pietro Cussida, Pietro Cuside or Pedro Cossida (died October 1622) was a Spanish diplomat in the service of Philip III of Spain and his successor, Philip IV. He was an art collector and patron, known for his patronage of Caravaggisti artists, including Jusepe de Ribera and Dirck van Baburen.

## Biography

Originally from Zaragoza, Cussida was in Rome by at least 1596, when he is a regular customer of the bank Herrera & Costa. He is known to have had a wife, Giulia Martinez, by whom he had two sons, Gianfrancesco (or Giovan Francesco) and Luigi, who became a Carmelite friar. By 1602 he was serving as diplomat in the service of Philip III (ruled 1598-1621) and then Philip IV (ruled 1621-1665). One of his duties was the procurement of art work for the kings.
Pietro Cussida died in Rome in October 1622. He had gained a remarkable collection of paintings, which he left, along with his palace on the Via del Corso to Gianfrancesco, who died on 23 August 1623 and left the collection to his daughter Laura Cussida (1622-1692), a minor. Laura's guardian, Nicolò Gavotti, eventually inherited the paintings and the family palazzo.

## Art collection

It was through Cussida's patronage that Van Baburan painted the Entombment, Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane and Christ on the Road to Calvary for the Chapel of the Pietà of the Church of San Pietro in Montorio. Van Baburen shared the commission (ca. 1617) with David de Haen, who is now believed to have done the lunettes in the Chapel. De Haen was a guest at the Cussida palazzo on the Via del Corso in 1621.
Between 1615 and 1616, he commissioned Jusepe de Ribera to paint allegories of the Five Senses, a commission Ribera probably completed in Naples.
It was the discovery of the 8 March 1624 inventory of Gianfrancesco Cussida (Archivio Storico Capitolino, Rome), Cussida's son, that led to the attribution of the works to Ribera that had previously been thought to be by the Master of the Judgement of Solomon.