OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spanish feudal barony

A Spanish feudal barony was a form of Feudal land tenure in the Kingdoms of Aragon and Valencia, namely per baroniam (Latin for "by barony") under which the land-holder owed the service of being one of the king's barons.

## Abolition

Feudal lordships were abolished by Spanish Constitution of 1812, following the end of the Antiguo Regimen. The Abolition of Feudal Tenure (Spain) Act 1820 (Ley de Desvinculaciones de 1820) simply took away the legal and juridical rights pertaining to these lordships but preserved the property rights attached to them and the dignity of their honours including the right to use the feudal title and the coat of arms. In the present days, despite having no political power as such, lordships, like titles of nobility, simply remain rights held as prerogative of honour.

## List of Spanish feudal baronies

* Barony of Polop
# Spectacled monarch

The spectacled monarch (Symposiachrus trivirgatus) is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae. It is found in Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## Taxonomy and systematics

This species was originally placed in the genus Drymophila and subsequently in Monarcha until moved to Symposiachrus in 2009.

### Subspecies

The Boano monarch was formerly considered as a subspecies and also, some authorities continue to consider the Moluccan monarch as a subspecies of the spectacled monarch. There are currently six subspecies recognized:
* S. t. trivirgatus - (Temminck, 1826): Found in central and eastern Lesser Sunda Islands
* S. t. bernsteinii - (Salvadori, 1878): Originally described as a separate species in the genus Monarcha. Found on Salawati (off western New Guinea)
* S. t. albiventris - (Gould, 1866): Originally described as a separate species in the genus Monarcha. Found in southern New Guinea, islands in the Torres Strait and Cape York Peninsula (north-eastern Australia)
* S. t. melanorrhous - (Schodde & Mason, IJ, 1999): Found in north-eastern Queensland (north-eastern Australia)
* S. t. gouldii - (Gray, GR, 1861): Originally described as a separate species in the genus Monarcha. Found in eastern Australia

## Gallery

* Juvenile Dayboro, SE Queensland
# Paul Billerbeck

Paul Billerbeck (4 April 1853 – 23 December 1932) was a Lutheran minister and scholar of Judaism, best known for his Commentary on the New Testament from the Talmud and Midrash (German, 1926) co-written with Hermann Strack.
Billerbeck was born in Bad Schönfließ, Neumark, Prussia and educated in Greifswald and Leipzig. Billerbeck's participation in Strack's Commentary on the New Testament from the Talmud and Midrash commenced in 1906 when Strack encouraged Billerbeck to compile and expand the material of John Lightfoot, Christian Schoettgen (1733) and Johann Jacob Wetstein for a new German commentary on the New Testament using rabbinical literature.

## Works

* Billerbeck, Paul; Strack, Hermann Leberecht (1922). Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch: Book I: Das Evangelium nach Matthäus. München: Beck. OCLC 848243.
* ———; Strack, Hermann Leberecht (1924). Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch: Book II: Das Evangelium nach Markus, Lukas und Johannes und die Apostelgeschichte. München: Beck. OCLC 848243.
* ———; Strack, Hermann Leberecht (1926). Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch: Book III: Die Briefe des NT und die Offenbarung Johannis. München: Beck. OCLC 848243.
* ———; Strack, Hermann Leberecht (1928). Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch: Book IV: Exkurse zu einzelnen Stellen des NT. München: Beck. OCLC 848243.
# Patrick Bogyako-Siaime

Patrick Bogyako-Siaime is a Ghanaian politician and member of the Seventh Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana representing the Amenfi East Constituency in the Western Region on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party.

## Early life

On September 24, 1964, he was born.

## Education

He earned an MBA from KNUST, a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of Cape Coast, and a Post Graduate Diploma in purchasing and supply from the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply.

## Career

From 1993 to 1998, Patrick Bogyako-Saime served as the regional marketing officer for the Electricity Company of Ghana. From 1998 to 2003, he served as the transport manager, from 2003 to 2006 as the internal audit manager for the Ghana Oil Palm Plantation, and in 2006, he worked for Golden Star Resources as a group internal auditor.

## Politics

Patrick Bogyako- Saime is a member of New Patriotic Party and represent the Amenfi East constituency in the Western Region in the Seventh parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana.

### 2016 election

Hon Bogyako- Saime contested the Amenfi East constituency parliamentary seat on the ticket of New Patriotic Party during the 2016 Ghanaian general election and won with 26,851 votes representing 54.55% of the total votes. He won the parliamentary seat over Akwasi Opong Fosu of the National Democratic Congress who pulled 21,597 votes which is equivalent to 43.87%, parliamentary candidate for the Progressive People's Party Simon Peter Adabor had 635 votes representing 1.29% and the parliamentary candidate for the Convention People's Party Ofosuhene Vivian had 144 votes representing 0.29% of the total votes.
# Paul Fasana

Paul Fasana (died April 2021) was an American librarian and archivist.
Born in Utah to Mary and Oreste Fasana, he moved to San Francisco by age six. He enlisted in the U.S. Army and served the Korean War. He used funding from the GI Bill to enter the University of California, Berkeley, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1959 and a Master of Library Science in 1960. He came out as gay during his masters studies. On graduation he began working at the New York Public Library (NYPL) in cataloguing, and subsequently worked at Itek Corporation and Columbia University Libraries before returning to NYPL as a vice president and Director of the Research Libraries. He retired in 1995.
From his retirement until his death, Fasana served in a volunteer capacity as the chief archivist of the Stonewall National Museum and Archives (SNMA). He was responsible for organizing three warehouses of content into a single accessible collection. A SNMA executive director said "More than any other single individual, [Fasana] is responsible for the richness of the vast archives at Stonewall... Future generations of scholars and researchers will owe him a debt of gratitude".
A named fellowship at UC Berkeley supports School of Information students "whose research interests or studies are related to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and/or queer studies in any field or discipline". The SNMA archival collection is named the Fasana/Graham collection in recognition of Fasana and his longtime partner Robert Graham.
# Paul Leyland

Paul Leyland is a British astronomer and number theorist who has studied integer factorization and primality testing.
He has contributed to the factorization of RSA-129, RSA-140, and RSA-155, as well as potential factorial primes as large as 400! + 1. He has also studied Cunningham numbers, Cullen numbers, Woodall numbers, etc., and numbers of the form $x^{y}+y^{x}$, which are now called Leyland numbers. He was involved with the NFSNet project to use distributed computing on the Internet from 2005 to 2008.
# Spinnaker Island

Spinnaker Island may refer to:
* Spinnaker Island (Massachusetts), an island in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, United States
* Spinnaker Island (Lake Burley Griffin), an island in Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra, Australia
# Spinnenkop Openluchtmuseum, Arnhem

The spinnenkop of the Netherlands Open Air Museum in Arnhem is a small drainage mill originally located near Gorredijk, Friesland, Netherlands. It is a hollow post windmill that has been restored to working order.

## History

The mill was built around 1800 and later moved to Gorredijk. Next to draining the polder it got a secondary use from 1886 onwards to inundate the local ice skating ring. It was named Molen van Posthuman after its owner or named after the polder it drained called Mountsjelân (English: little mill land). In 1922 it became superfluous when a kerosene-engine powered pumping station was built. The mill was then dismantled and given to the Dutch Open Air Museum where it was rebuilt in 1925.

## Description

The spinnenkop (English: spiderhead mill) of the Netherlands Open Air Museum is a small hollow post mill winded by a winch. The mill has common sails. The wooden stocks have a span of 13 metres (42 ft 8 in) and 9.50 metres (31 ft 2 in) and are carried on a wooden windshaft. The brake wheel on the windshaft drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft in the body (called head on a spinnenkop), which passed through the main post into the substructure. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the crown wheel which drives the wooden Archimedes' screw. The body (called head on a spinnenkop) and substructure are weatherboarded. Though fully operational the windmill can rarely be used to pump water because of its current sheltered location.

## Public access

The mill can be approached closely during opening hours of the museum.
# Spilonota

Spilonota is a worldwide genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Spilonota acrosema (Turner, 1946)
* Spilonota albicana (Motschulsky, 1866)
* Spilonota albitegulana Kuznetzov, 1997
* Spilonota allodapa Diakonoff, 1953
* Spilonota aphrocymba Meyrick, 1927
* Spilonota babylonica Meyrick, 1912
* Spilonota calceata (Meyrick, 1907)
* Spilonota chlorotripta Meyrick, 1921
* Spilonota conica Meyrick, 1911
* Spilonota constrictana (Meyrick, 1881)
* Spilonota cryptogramma Meyrick, 1922
* Spilonota dissoplaca (Meyrick, 1936)
* Spilonota distyliana Moriuti, 1958
* Spilonota eremitana Moriuti, 1972
* Spilonota grandlacia Razowski, 2013
* Spilonota hexametra Meyrick, 1920
* Spilonota incretata Meyrick, 1931
* Spilonota laricana (Heinemann, 1863)
* Spilonota lechriaspis Meyrick, 1932
* Spilonota lobata Diakonoff, 1953
* Spilonota melanacta (Meyrick, 1907)
* Spilonota mortuana (Walker, 1863)
* Spilonota ocellana ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775)
* Spilonota prognathana (Snellen, 1883)
* Spilonota pyrochlora Diakonoff, 1953
* Spilonota pyrusicola Liu & Liu, 1994
* Spilonota quietana (Meyrick, 1881)
* Spilonota ruficomana (Meyrick, 1881)
* Spilonota selene Diakonoff, 1953
* Spilonota semirufana (Christoph, 1882)
* Spilonota sinuosa Meyrick, 1917
* Spilonota terenia Razowski, 2013
* Spilonota trilithopa (Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1937)

## Former species

* Spilonota melanocopa (Meyrick, 1912)
# Paul Léon Delwart

Paul Léon Delwart (18 October 1874 – 19 August 1900) was a Belgian officer in the Force Publique of the Congo Free State.

## Early years

Paul Léon Delwart was born on 18 October 1874 in Braine-le-Comte, Belgium, son of Léon Delwart and Carlotte Vandermies. He entered the Military School in 1894, and was made a second lieutenant on 18 December 1896. He was assigned to the first regiment of chasseurs à pied (light infantry).

## Congo service

In 1897 Delwart volunteered to serve in the Force Publique of the Congo Free State, and was accepted. He left Antwerp on 6 October 1897 and arrived in Boma on 30 October 1897. He was assigned as a sub-lieutenant of the Force Publique to the Rubi–Uele zone. He reached Djabir on 22 January 1898 and took command of the station. He developed anemia and in June 1898 was forced to return to Boma. Delwart spent a few days in hospital, then joined the battery of Fort de Shinkakasa. However, his illness had not been cured and on 25 September 1898 he left for Europe.
On 8 June 1899 Delwart left Antwerp again, with the rank of lieutenant. He arrived in Boma on 1 July 1899 and was assigned to command the special contingent of the Force Publique in Orientale Province. He travelled to Uvira to take up his command, but developed hematuria. Delwart died in Uvira on 19 August 1900. Frederik-Valdemar Olsen replaced Delwart in Uvira as leader of the elite Belgian company in the Ruzizi–Kivu region.
# Paul Lê Đắc Trọng

Paul Lê Đắc Trọng (Hanoi, June 15, 1918 – September 7, 2009) was a Vietnamese bishop of the Catholic Church.
Trong was born in Kim Lâm, Thanh Oai, Hanoi French Indochina, ordained a priest on April 1, 1948, appointed auxiliary bishop of archdiocese of Hanoi, along with titular bishop of Igilgili (Titular Episcopal See of Igilgili, Algeria), on March 23, 1994 and consecrated bishop on August 15, 1994. Trong retired from the Archdiocese of Hanoi on January 21, 2006 at age 87.
# Paul Rusconi

Paul Rusconi (born 1965, in California) is an American contemporary artist who began as a post-war and contemporary art dealer based in Los Angeles.

## Life and work

Rusconi was born in California. He studied at Pepperdine University and is now a contemporary artist living and working in Los Angeles.
Rusconi investigates the portrait with his own photo-based images as well as found or sourced images from popular culture. His work is a digital screening process often combined with nail polish, oil paint, engine enamel and monochromatic photography. The work is layered and framed. The shadow image on the monochromatic photographic is a simple projection through the Plexiglas. There is no image on the actual photograph until one is projected on it by the digital screen. His own photography is used for images that create a grey scale from blue, magenta, yellow and black. Up close all that is evident are colorful dots – and from about 12 feet away – those dots turn into a grey scale or what looks to be a black-and-white image. This notion came from the observation that a grey-scale could be created from color and therefore such a grey-scale could be broken down into color. The subjects have included artists, musicians, politicians and currently with his fascination of pop-culture and its huge and wide-reaching skate sub-culture Rusconi focuses his current group of portraits on today's 14 most influential skateboarders in the world.
Untitled (No Way Out) features an image of Tom Cruise and wife Katie Holmes from a magazine cover. The solid background reflects the shadow of the silkscreen. Untitled (Tyra) is a contemporary glamour portrait featuring a vignette of model Tyra Banks.
Works by Rusconi are included in the collections of numerous private homes and public art institutions, including The Frederick R. Weisman Art Foundation, the Interface Foundation, the Castilla Foundation, Madrid and the Carnegie Art Museum, Photos and Phantasy: Selections from the Frederick R. Weisman Art Foundation, March 8, 2008 – May 18, 2008.
On June 17, 2011, Rusconi was arrested on suspicion of committing lewd acts on his 20-month-old twin daughters and using them to create child pornography. The children's nanny and her husband made the allegations after seeing photos that Rusconi had taken of himself with his daughters in a bathtub. On May 11, 2012, Rusconi was cleared of all charges. He filed suit against his accusers who he believed targeted him because he is a gay single father.
# Paul Russell

Paul Russell may refer to:
* Paul Russell (philosopher) (born 1955), at Lund University & the University of British Columbia
* Rusty Russell (born 1973), Australian Linux kernel hacker, whose real name is Paul Russell
* Paul Russell (baseball) (1871–1957), Major League Baseball player
* Paul Russell (Gaelic footballer) (1906–1965), Irish sportsperson
* Paul Russell (photographer) (born 1966), British street photographer
* Paul Russell (novelist), author of The Coming Storm
* Paul Russell, former drummer of Supergroove
* Paul Russell, child actor in Peter Greenaway's Prospero's Books and The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover
* Paul Russell, former bass player of Sleeping with Sirens
* Paul Russell (musician), American singer known for the song "Lil Boo Thang"
* Paul Russell, convicted of assisting an offender after the murder of Olivia Pratt-Korbel
* Paul Fitzpatrick Russell (born 1959), American Roman Catholic archbishop and diplomat
# Special advisory committee

Special Advisory Committee (SAC) is the term given to ad-hoc groups formed in Canadian government circles to provide advice and consultation, especially public health as governed by the Public Health Agency of Canada.

## History

The SACs invariably have the acronym FPT or F/P/T attached to them; the acronym stands for Federal/Provincial/Territorial. The committees join civil servants in various ministries at all FPT levels of government. The FPT structure was hatched in April 2004 by Anne McLellan, who then occupied the role of Deputy Prime Minister. Her Securing an Open Society: Canada's National Security Policy document was released to public view in Parliament; and the FPT acronym was birthed. The system of national security was bestowed on that day: "a permanent, high-level federal-provincial-territorial forum on emergencies, which will allow for regular strategic discussion of emergency management issues among key national players."
Examples of such SACs are the:
* SAC on COVID-19
* SAC on the Epidemic of Opioid Overdoses
* SAC on Biological Events
* SAC on H1N1
# Sphaerobothris platti

Sphaerobothris platti is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is found in North America.
# Paul Berg (disambiguation)

Paul Berg (1926–2023) was an American biochemist and Nobel laureate.
Paul Berg also refers to:
* Paul Berg (composer), Dutch professor of music
* Paul Berg (snowboarder) (born 1991), German snowboarder
* Paul Berg (photographer), American photojournalist
# Paul Schad-Rossa

Georg Paul Schad, known as Paul Schad-Rossa (1 January 1862, Nuremberg – 1 November 1916, Berlin) was a German painter and sculptor, in the Symbolist style.

## Life and work

His father was a railway conductor. He began his artistic education at the Academy of Fine Arts, Nuremberg, where he studied sculpture. In 1882, he passed the entrance exam at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich. There, he studied painting from nature with Ludwig von Löfftz and Franz Defregger, and covered his living expenses by copying the Old Masters. One of his clients was King Carol I of Romania.
In 1888, he left the Academy and opened his own art school; becoming part of a circle of creative artists associated with the writer, Hermann Löns, who wrote a poem about him. After 1892, he came under the influence of the Munich Secession. Although he would continue to paint en plein aire for the rest of his life, he would later say that "art is the opposite of nature".
Around 1900, Wilhelm Gurlitt [de], President of the Steiermärkische Kunstverein (artists' association), began promoting modernism in Graz, a very traditional city. This gained Schad-Rossa's support, and he moved to Graz to help in his efforts by opening a new art school. Within a year, he held the first exhibition of his student's works, as well as his own. In 1901, he wrote the statutes for a proposed "Grazer Künstlerbund". These were accepted, and he was elected Chairman of the new association. Shortly after, he organized an exhibition featuring eight local artists. The association was dissolved in 1903, for lack of public support. He continued to teach for a brief time, but left Graz in 1904. The Steiermärkische Kunstverein was also dissolved, in 1906.
He chose to settle in Berlin, where he would live the rest of his life. From there, he made trips to Italy, Spain, and Portugal, as well as throughout the Bavarian Alps. At the Große Berliner Kunstausstellung of 1914, he was given his own room, where he displayed twenty-three works. Two years later he died, at the age of fifty-four. His works may be seen at the Städtische Museum in Halle and the Landesmuseum Kärnten [de] in Klagenfurt.

## Selected paintings

* In the Sunny Woods
* Into Eternity
* Ferruccio Busoni and His Wife
* Dancer

## Sources

* Eva Klein: "Vergessene Steirische Moderne. Paul Schad-Rossa und das kreative Milieu um 1900". In: Historisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Graz. Vol. 41, pp. 593–616, Graz 2012, ISSN 0440-9728
* Hermann Löns: "Bei Paul Schad". In: Gedanken und Gestalten, Wilhelm Deimann (Ed.), Sponholtz, Hannover 1924
* Hans Riehl: "Die steiermärkische Malerei 1850–1950". In: Oberösterreichische Heimatblätter, Institut für Landeskunde, Landesmuseum Linz, #3/4, 1951 pp. 318–326, (Online)
* Gudrun Danzer, Peter Pakesch (Eds.), Aufbruch in die Moderne? Paul Schad-Rossa und die Kunst in Graz, exhibition catalog, Universalmuseum Joanneum, Graz 2014 (Online)
* Paul Schad-Rossa (1862-1916): Die Wiederentdeckung eines Symbolisten, catalog of the special exhibition in Engen, Velten Wagner (Ed.), Stadt Engen 2014. ISBN 978-3-938816-14-1
# Paul Newman (band)

Paul Newman is an American, Austin-based post rock/math rock band, taking its name from its bass guitarist. Their music is largely instrumental, creating vast soundscapes with occasional interjections of both subtle and intense vocals.

## History

The band was formed in 1995 with an initial line-up of Paul A. Newman (bass guitar), Craig McCaffrey (guitar) and Anthony Nozero (drums). The bass guitarist Eddie Robert joined the following year. Newman and McCaffrey previously played together in the hardcore punk band Brick. After a first single, the band signed to Trance Syndicate, releasing their first album, Frames per Second, on the label in 1997. A second album, Only Love Can Break Your Heart, followed later that year. After Trance Syndicate folded they signed to My Pal God for the 2000 album Machine Is Not Broken.
In 2005, they released This Is How It Is Lost on the Emperor Jones label. Later events regarding the band are unknown, though members have been active performing in other groups. McCaffrey joined The American Analog Set in 2003 and stayed with them until their break-up in 2006. Nozero started an instrumental group with the tuba player Brian Wolff in 1995 before the project ended in 2005. Robert is currently performing in I Love You but I've Chosen Darkness.

## Members

* Paul A. Newman (bass guitar)
* Craig McCaffrey (guitar, vocals)
* Anthony Nozero (drums, tuba)
* Edward "Eddie" Robert (bass guitar, electronics, vocals)

## Discography
### Albums

* Frames Per Second (1997, Trance Syndicate)
* Only Love Can Break Your Heart (1998, Trance Syndicate)
* Machine Is Not Broken (2000, My Pal God)
* This Is How It Is Lost (2005, Emperor Jones)

### Singles and EPs

* "Please Wait During the Silence" 7-inch (1997, Twistworthy)
* Twistworthy Number Seven CDEP (1997, Twistworthy)
* Travels in Constants, Volume 8 CDEP (2000, Temporary Residence)
* "Way to Breathe No Breath" split 7-inch with Sonna (2001, Temporary Residence)

### Compilation albums

* Re-Issue, Re-Package, Re-Package. Re-Evaluate the Songs (2001, My Pal God)
# Paul Cowan

Paul Cowan may refer to:
* Paul Cowan (journalist), Scottish-Canadian journalist and writer
* Paul Cowan (filmmaker), Canadian filmmaker
* Paul Cowan (writer), American journalist and writer
# Spilarctia obliquizonata

Spilarctia obliquizonata is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Tsunekata Miyake in 1910. It is found in the Russian Far East (southern Sakhalin, Kunashir) and Japan.
# Spilarctia phaea

Spilarctia phaea is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1901. It is found on Bali in Indonesia.
# Sphaeniscus sexmaculatus

Sphaeniscus sexmaculatus is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Sphaeniscus of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Sudan South to South Africa, Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius.
# Sphaenolobium

Sphaenolobium is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae.
Its native range is Central Asia.
Species:
* Sphaenolobium korovinii Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Sphaenolobium tenuisectum (Korovin) Pimenov
* Sphaenolobium tianschanicum (Korovin) Pimenov