OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle

The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fan-shaped muscle located in the neck. It is one of three pharyngeal constrictor muscles. It is smaller than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
The middle pharyngeal constrictor originates from the greater cornu and lesser cornu of the hyoid bone, and the stylohyoid ligament. It inserts onto the pharyngeal raphe. It is innervated by a branch of the vagus nerve through the pharyngeal plexus. It acts to propel a bolus downwards along the pharynx towards the esophagus, facilitating swallowing.

## Structure

The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a sheet-like, fan-shaped muscle.
The muscle's fibers diverge from their origin: the more inferior fibres descend deep to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle; the middle portion of fibres pass transversely; the more superior fibers ascend and overlap the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

### Origin

Two parts of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle are distinguished according to its sites of origin:
* Ceratopharyngeal part - arises (the entire superior margin of) the greater cornu of the hyoid bone.
* Chondropharyngeal part - arises from the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone, and (the inferior portion of) the stylohyoid ligament. The chondropharyngeal part represents the muscle's anterior origin.

### Insertion

The muscle inserts (posteriorly) into the pharyngeal raphe, blending with its contralateral partner at the midline.

### Innervation

Similarly to the superior and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles, it is innervated by a branch of the vagus nerve through the pharyngeal plexus.

### Actions/movements

The contraction of the muscle constricts the middle portion of the pharynx.

## Function

The muscle contracts during swallowing: as soon as the bolus of food is received in the pharynx, the elevator muscles relax, the pharynx descends, and the constrictors contract upon the bolus, and convey it downward towards the esophagus.
They also have respiratory mechanical effects.

## Additional images

* Hyoid bone. Anterior surface. Enlarged.
* Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.
* Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
* Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
* Deep dissection of larynx, pharynx and tongue seen from behind
* Deep dissection of larynx, pharynx and tongue seen from behind
* Deep dissection of larynx, pharynx and tongue seen from behind
# Lauri Kaijalainen

Lauri Vihtori Kaijalainen (21 March 1900, Laukaa - 5 September 1965) was a Finnish journalist and politician who served as Minister of Transport and Public Works from 26 March 1946 to 29 July 1948. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1930 to 1948, representing the Agrarian League.
# Midwestern Higher Education Compact

The Midwestern Higher Education Compact (MHEC) is a regional interstate compact devoted to advancing cooperation and resource sharing in higher education. The member states of the Compact are Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
The Compact is one of four regional compacts in the United States dedicated to advancing higher education.
MHEC is headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

## Mission

The compact seeks to achieve its mission in higher education through initiatives in cost savings, student access, and policy research. In these three areas, MHEC attempts to reduce administrative costs, encourage student access, facilitate public policy analysis and information analysis, increase regional academic cooperation, promote educational programs, and encourage innovation in the field of higher education.

## Organization

The MHEC Executive Committee is the MHEC's governing body. Each of the member states appoint five commissioners to the executive committee. These commissioners consist of the governor or the governor's designee, a member of each chamber of the state legislature, and two at-large members, one of whom must come from post-secondary education.
MHEC is funded through appropriations from each of its member states and through foundation grants. It is designated as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. MHEC's initiatives save colleges, universities, and students millions of dollars annually. Research and convenings generate ideas and policy that improve the quality, accessibility, and affordability of postsecondary education and has over 100 employees in 12 Member states.
# Midwestern Minutes

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Punknews.org | link |
| Sputnik Music | link |
Midwestern Minutes is Defiance, Ohio's fourth full-length album. It is available for free on the band's website. The album has received considerable airplay in Australia, courtesy of Triple R's Bullying The Jukebox program, for which it topped their 'Best Of 2010' list.

## Recording

All of the songs recorded, mixed, and mastered in March and April 2010 at Russian Recording in Bloomington, IN, except "Diamonds Theme Song" and "Everyone Else on the Other Side" which were recorded in 2009 by the Defiance, Ohio.

## Critical reception

Midwestern Minutes was met to positive critical acclaim. Darren of punknews.org gave the album 4 out of 5 stars and remarked that the album was "arguably the band's best album to date". Reviewers noted that the album was a departure form the band's rawer punk roots, and that the band has matured into their own unique sound.

## Credits
### Music

* Theo Hilton – drums, guitar, piano, vocals
* Geoff Hing – guitar, vocals
* Sherri Miller – banjo, cello, vocals
* Will Staler – drums, guitar, mandolin, vocals
* Ryan Woods – bass, upright bass, vocals

### Production

* Mike Bridavsky – engineer, mastering, mixing
* Defiance, Ohio – producer
* Keith McGraw – assistant engineer
# Midwestern Prevention Project

The Midwestern Prevention Project was a research project funded in part by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, and the Lilly Endowment. It evaluated a community-wide effort at preventing alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among adolescents. The program included school, community/policy, parent, and mass media components.
# Lazarus Fletcher

Sir Lazarus Fletcher (3 March 1854 – 6 January 1921) was a British geologist. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1889 and won the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society in 1912. Fletcher was knighted in 1916.
Fletcher was Keeper of Mineralogy at the Natural History Museum from 1880 to 1909, and director from 1909 to 1919.
# Michel Boulos

Michel Boulos (born March 24, 1976) is a Canadian sabre fencer. He competed in the men's sabre event at the 2004 Summer Olympics. He was also part of the team that won gold in the sabre event at the 1999 Pan American Games, as well as winning silver at the 2007 Pan American Games, and two bronze medals.
# Lawrence Blackledge

Lawrence Blackledge (born November 24, 1985) is an American professional basketball player. Nicknamed Lawrence "Trend" Blackledge.

## The Basketball Tournament

Lawrence Blackledge played for the Golden Eagles in the 2018 edition of The Basketball Tournament. In 5 games, he averaged 3.4 points, 3.4 rebounds, and 1.2 blocks per game. The Golden Eagles reached the semi-finals before falling to Overseas Elite.

## Career statistics

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2010–11 | Osaka | 42 | 15 | 24.2 | 52.4 | 34.1 | 53.3 | 7.7 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 10.2 |
| 2011–12 | Osaka | 22 | 22 | 31.5 | 40.7 | 22.2 | 53.7 | 10.0 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 9.4 |
| 2011–12 | Hamamatsu | 28 | 28 | 19.8 | 49.3 | 22.2 | 53.8 | 5.2 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 9.1 |
| 2012–13 | Iwate | 32 | 22 | 27.1 | 52.5 | 18.2 | 51.7 | 9.2 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 11.9 |
| 2013–14 | Iwate | 52 | 50 | 30.0 | 48.1 | 5.9 | 52.9 | 7.4 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 13.9 |
| 2014–15 | Iwate | 52 | 52 | 30.9 | 48.5 | 22.6 | 61.8 | 9.1 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 14.6 |
| 2015–16 | Osaka | 52 | 50 | 31.9 | 47.5 | 26.6 | 60.1 | 7.2 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 14.4 |
| 2016–17 | Ehime | 45 | 3 | 23.2 | 41.7 | 20.0 | 63.5 | 5.8 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 10.8 |
| 2017–18 | San-en | 8 | 0 | 10.9 | 45.5 | 0.0 | 80.0 | 2.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 10.9 |
| 2017–18 | Kyoto | 6 | 0 | 6.2 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 57.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 6.2 |
| 2017–18 | Iwate | 29 | 1 | 21.4 | 39.2 | 23.6 | 59.2 | 5.1 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 11.3 |
# Lawrence Black (historian)

Lawrence Black FRHistS is an academic historian specialising in the political culture of twentieth-century Britain. Since 2012, he has been Professor of Modern British History at the University of York.

## Career

Black graduated from the University of Exeter in 1993 with a first-class Bachelor of Arts degree in history, before completing a Master of Arts degree in comparative social and labour history at University of Warwick the following year. He was a doctoral student at London Guildhall University from 1995 to 1999, when it awarded him a PhD for his thesis "The political culture of the left in 'affluent' Britain, 1951–1964". From 1996 to 2000, Black temporarily lectured at Kingston, Middlesex and Westminster universities, and at King's College London; he then spent two years as a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Bristol, before spending a year at Westminster College as Fulbright-Robertson Professor of British History. After another year at Bristol as a lecturer, Black was appointed a lecturer at Durham University in 2004; promotions followed to a senior lectureship in 2008 and a readership in 2011. In 2012, he moved to the University of York to be Professor of Modern British History. In 2004, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.
Black's research focuses on the political culture of later twentieth-century Britain, including the relationships between political parties, social movements and wider sociocultural change in the post-war decades. This has also encompassed studies of post-materialist politics in wider British politics, incorporating youth, consumer and media politics.

## Publications

* (Editor) Consensus or Coercion?: The State, the People and Social Cohesion in Postwar Britain (New Clarion Press, 2001).
* The Political Culture of the Left in Affluent Britain, 1951–64: Old Labour, New Britain? (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003).
* (Co-editor with Hugh Pemberton) An Affluent Society?: Britain's Post-War "Golden Age" Revisited (Ashgate, 2004).
* (Co-editor with Nicole Robertson) Taking Stock: Consumerism and the Co-operative Movement in Modern British History (Manchester University Press, 2009).
* (Co-editor with Hugh Pemberton and Pat Thane) Reassessing 1970s Britain (Manchester University Press, 2013).
# Laurie Murphy

Laurie Murphy (10 September 1899 – 20 July 1980) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood and North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Recruited out of the Diamond Valley, Murphy was both a defender and follower. Murphy appeared in Collingwood's losing 1922 VFL Grand Final and 1925 VFL Grand Final sides. He represented Victoria three times. Murphy was coach of the Warrnambool Football Club in 1930.
# Midland Oak

The Midland Oak is an oak tree that grows in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, near the Lillington boundary, at the junction of Lillington Road and Lillington Avenue.
A plaque nearby unveiled in 1988 states that the old tree, the original centuries old Midland Oak was reputed to mark the centre of England. The present tree was planted about 1988, grown from an acorn saved in 1967 when the old tree, which had died, was cut down. The tree survived the extensive work carried out in 2002, when an underground stream, the Bins Brook, was exposed and an overflow basin was created, to prevent the flooding of nearby houses.
# Mictopsichia atoyaca

Mictopsichia atoyaca is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Mexico.
The wingspan is about 14 mm.

## Etymology

The name refers to the type locality of the species, Atoyac, Veracruz, Mexico.
# Mictopsichia chirripoana

Mictopsichia chirripoana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Costa Rica.
# Mictopsichia cubae

Mictopsichia cubae is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Cuba.
The wingspan is about 12 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is pale brownish with brown markings. The hindwings are orange.

## Etymology

The name refers to the country of origin.
# Mictoneura

Mictoneura is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Mictoneura flexanimana Meyrick, 1881
# Pallikkara, Bekal

Pallikkara is a census town and a grama panchayat in Hosdurg Taluk of Kasargod district in the state of Kerala, India. This place was once famous for its Tobacco plants until the late 1980s and the Historical landmark Bekal Fort lies in this Village. A beach park near to the fort also attracts tourists to this place.

## Location

It lies 11 km north of Kanhangad town and 16.5 km from Kasaragod.

## Demographics

As of 2011 Census, Pallikkara had a population of 14,334 of which 6,611 are males and 7,723 are females. Pallikkara census town spreads over an area of 6.34 km$^2$ (2.45 sq mi) with 2,734 families residing in it. The sex ratio of Pallikkara was 1,168 higher than state average of 1,084. Population of children under 6 years was 15%. Pallikkara had overall literacy of 89% lower than state average of 94%. The male literacy stands at 92.7% and female literacy was 86%.

## Economy

Pallikkara is one of the developing villages in Pallikkere Grama Panchayath. Agriculture is the occupation of majority of the population. Income through agriculture related works, construction works and foreign money are the main sources of income.

## Transportation

Local roads have access to NH.66 which connects to Kasaragod, Mangalore in the north and Kannur, Calicut in the south. The nearest railway station is Bekal Fort Railway Station, Kanhangad Railway Station on Mangalore-Palakkad line. The nearest airports are at Mangalore, Kannur and Calicut.

## Image gallery

* Trikkannad Beach
* Pakkam
* Taluk Road
* Om Sri Mutt
* Cherkappara School
* Cherkapara Pond
# Menglie

Menglie (simplified Chinese: 勐烈镇; traditional Chinese: 勐烈鎮; pinyin: Mèngliè Zhèn) is a town in Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan, China. As of the 2017 census it had a population of 32,032 and an area of 387.67-square-kilometre (149.68 sq mi). It is the political, economic and cultural center of Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County.

## Etymology

"Menglie" is a Dai place name, which means plain by a river. "Meng" means plain and "Lie" means river.

## Administrative division

As of 2016, the town is divided into two communities and seven villages:
* Dongcheng Community (东城社区)
* Xicheng Community (西城社区)
* Hongjiang (红疆村)
* Daxin (大新村)
* Duoba (朵把村)
* Jiangbian (江边村)
* Qiaotou (桥头村)
* Dazhai (大寨村)
* Niuluohe (牛倮河村)

## History

In 1902, the region came under the jurisdiction of Menglie Suppress Committee (勐烈弹压委员会).
The town was formed in February 1983. In December 2005, Hongjiang Township (红疆乡) was merged into Menglie Town.

## Geography

It lies at the southeastern of Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County, bordering Kangping Town to the west, Laos to the south, Guoqing Township and Baozang Town to the north, and Qushui Town to the east.
The highest point in the town is Mount Luoguo (锣锅山) which stands 1,804 metres (5,919 ft) above sea level. The lowest point is the river valley of Mengye River (勐野江河谷), which, at 800 metres (2,600 ft) above sea level.
The town experiences a subtropical monsoon humid climate, with an average annual temperature of 18 °C (64 °F), and total annual rainfall of 2,254-millimetre (88.7 in). Flood in summer and drought in winter and spring.
The Mengye River (勐野河), Niuluo River (牛洛河), Menglie River (勐烈河), Dazhai River (大寨河), Wuma River (乌马河) and Lahu River (腊户河) flow through the town.
The Menglie Reservoir (勐烈水库) is a reservoir located in the town.

## Economy

The economy is supported primarily by farming and ranching. Tea, sugarcane, peanut, vegetable, fruit are the economic plants of this region. The region abounds with coal, iron, copper, Lead, zinc, rock salt, and plaster stone.

## Demographics

As of 2017, the National Bureau of Statistics of China estimates the town's population now to be 32,032.

## Tourist attractions

The town boasts many cultural and historical relics, including the Menglie Lake Wetland Park (勐烈湖湿地公园), Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County Martyrs Memorial Park, Jiangcheng Old Street, Zhenjiang Tower (镇江楼), and the Temple of Mountain Deity (山神庙)

## Transportation

The National Highway G219 passes across the town north to south.
# Richard Gallien

Richard Gallien is an American college tennis coach and former professional player.
Raised in Sunland, Los Angeles, Gallien won a City section singles title while a senior at Verdugo Hills High School.
Gallien played collegiate tennis for Pepperdine University, where he twice earned All-American honors. He was a member of the team which finished as runners-up in the 1982 NCAA championships. In 1983 represented the U.S. at the World University Games and won the singles final against Dan Goldie to become the first American tennis singles gold medalist in games history (along with Cecilia Fernandez who won the women's event).
Competing briefly in professional tennis, Gallien had a best singles world ranking of 433. He featured in the main draw of the 1983 Pacific Southwest Open and had a win over Ben Testerman, before falling to world number six Gene Mayer.
Gallien was head coach of the USC Trojans women's team for 22-years, from 1995 to 2017, during which time he was named Pac-12 Coach of the Year on five occasions. He is a former men's co-head coach of Pepperdine (with Allen Fox from 1988 to 1990) and is now the women's head coach of Cal State LA.
# Lath (disambiguation)

A lath is a backing material for plaster that is applied to a wood or metal framework as matrix over which stucco or plaster is applied.
Lath may also refer to:
* Lath, Rajkot, an Indian village
* Lath (horse), a British racehorse
* Lath Branch, a stream in Kansas
* Lath, early alternative name of the Brahmi script as used in the Edicts of Ashoka

## People with the surname

* Melagne Lath (born 1963), Ivorian sprint canoeist
* Mukund Lath (1937–2020), Indian scholar and cultural historian
* Surendra Lath (b. 1949), Indian politician
# Pouncival

Pouncival is a character in the musical Cats and in T. S. Eliot's Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats (on which the musical was based). He is brown, white, gray, and black and has a lot of freckles. He is portrayed as a tom between kittenhood and adulthood in most productions of the musical. He is usually played by an actor trained in gymnastics, for he pounces, does leaps and handsprings throughout the production, as well as using the flying trapeze. He has been played by Karl Morgan in the 1998 filmed version, Herman W. Sebek in the original Broadway cast, and by Luke Baxter in the original London production.
Pouncival is essentially the same character as Carbucketty. Over the years the name Carbucketty was used in London, and Pouncival on Broadway and subsequent productions.

## Actors to have played the part

Robert Burke (Currently in the closing cast of the North American Tour 2012) Steve Konopelski, Jacob Brent, Trevor Downey, Michael J. Rios, Karl Morgan, Josh Andrews and Caleb Bartolo in the Australian 2010 Tour. Pouncival is played by Sharrod Williams in the 2016 Broadway Revival.
# Lake Mulwala

Lake Mulwala, a man-made reservoir created through the construction of the Yarrawonga Weir across the Murray River, is located between Bundalong and Yarrawonga in Hume region of Victoria and Mulwala in the Riverina region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The weir was constructed in 1939 to provide water for irrigation in the surrounding district. The weir also serves as a crossing of the Murray between the two towns; in addition to the crossing located via the Mulwala Bridge.

## Location and features

The road bridge across the lake was built before the lake was filled, commenced in 1917, and completed in 1924. It replaced an earlier wooden bridge built in 1889–1891. The bridge was started from both ends, each by the respective state government. However, they did not coordinate their efforts, and the bridge has a dip and a bend in the middle to make the two ends meet.
The Yarrawonga Weir is the farthest downstream obstruction across the Murray that does not have a navigation lock through it. When full, the lake is 124.9 metres (410 ft) above sea level. The weir is 1,992 kilometres (1,238 mi) upriver from the river mouth.
Lake Mulwala is a renowned fishery for the native Murray cod and is one of the few places where this Australian native freshwater fish is still reasonably common.
# Wesley O. Conner House

The Wesley O. Conner House, on Cedartown St. in Cave Spring, Georgia, was built in 1869 by Wesley O. Connor, the Superintendent of the Georgia School for the Deaf. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
It is a one-and-a-half-story wood frame Gothic/Romanesque Revival-style farmhouse. It has a jerkin-headed gable roof, two tall interior chimneys, dormers and a porch. It has board-and-batten siding, and a seamed-metal roof.
It was deemed significant at the state-wide level "as an unusual example of mid-19th-century eclectic residential architecture, combining features of the Gothic and Greek Revival styles. Its overall form, proportions, arrangement, materials, and details are:generally Gothic Revival; its roundarched windows are clearly Romanesque. Both styles are relatively rare in Georgia, although the Gothic Revival is well represented in Cave Spring, and their successful integration in one .building is extraordinary. This design reflects the carpenter/builder architectural tradition where design originates from the combination of experience, pattern books, and the latest fashions."
# Stapel

Stapel may refer to:
* Huub Stapel (born 1954) is a Dutch actor.
* Diederik Stapel (born 1966) is a Dutch former professor of social psychology at Tilburg University.
* Wilhelm Stapel (1882-1954) was the German editor of the antisemitic magazine Deutsches Volkstum.
* Stapel, Schleswig-Holstein, a municipality in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
# Le Jeudi

Le Jeudi (French pronunciation:, lit. 'The Thursday') was a French-language weekly newspaper published in Luxembourg.

## History and profile

Le Jeudi was established in 1997. The paper is published in French by Editpress.
Le Jeudi received €358,005 in annual state press subsidy in 2009.
The 2004 circulation of the paper was 6,500 copies.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "Media" (PDF). Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
* ↑ Romain Kohn (2003). "Luxembourg". In Ana Karlsreiter (ed.). Media in Multilingual Societies. Freedom and Responsibility. Vienna: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
* ↑ "Ministère d'État" (PDF). Service Information et Press. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
* ↑ Hirsch, Mario (2004). "Luxembourg". In Kelly, Mary J.; Mazzoleni, Gianpietro; McQuail, Denis (eds.). The Media in Europe. London: Sage. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-7619-4132-3.
# Prairie Township, Fremont County, Iowa

Prairie Township is one of thirteen townships in Fremont County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 115 and it contained 58 housing units.

## Geography

As of the 2010 census, Prairie Township covered an area of 29.75 square miles (77.1 km$^2$); of this, 29.54 square miles (76.5 km$^2$) (99.28 percent) was land and 0.21 square miles (0.54 km$^2$) (0.72 percent) was water.

### Cemeteries

The township contains Chamber Cemetery and Wagner Cemetery.

### Transportation

* Iowa Highway 2

## School districts

* Farragut Community School District
* Sidney Community School District

## Political districts

* Iowa's 3rd congressional district
* State House District 23
* State Senate District 12