OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 249

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 249 (P. Oxy. 249 or P. Oxy. II 249) is a fragment of a registration of some property, written by an unknown author, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It is dated to 10 October 80. Currently it is housed in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (Inv. 37) of the Yale University in New Haven.

## Description

The document is dated by the same year and the same day as P. Oxy. 248. The measurements of the fragment are 210 by 72 mm. The text is written in an uncial hand.
It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1899.
# Pararaucaria

Pararaucaria is a genus of conifer cone belonging to the extinct family Cheirolepidiaceae. Fossils are known from the Lower Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of North America, Europe, South America and Asia. It is associated with Brachyphyllum-type foliage.

## Description

The form of the cone varies from cylindrical to spherical, reaching up to 80 millimetres (3.1 in) in length in the largest species. The bract-scale complexes are helically arranged around the core. There is one central undivided and two lateral ovuliferous scale lobes, with each ovuliferous scale bearing one or two seeds, which are up to 11 by 5 millimetres (0.43 in × 0.20 in) in dimension. The seeds are enclosed within pocket forming tissue.

## Taxonomy

The genus was originally described by Wieland in 1929 and 1935 for the species Pararaucaria patagonica. The affinity of the genus was originally uncertain, but was confidently referred to the Cheirolepidiaceae by a study conducted in 2012, which emended the diagnosis of the genus.

### Species

* Pararaucaria laiyangensis Jin et al. 2023 Laiyang Formation, Shangdong, China, Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian–Barremian)
* Pararaucaria patagonica Wieland emend. Escapa, Rothwell, Stockey et Cuneo, 2012(type) La Matilde Formation, Argentina, Middle Jurassic
* Pararaucaria delfueyoi Escapa et al. 2012 Cañadón Calcáreo Formation, Argentina, Late Jurassic
* Pararaucaria carrii Stockey and Rothwell, 2014 Trowbridge Formation, Oregon, United States, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
* Pararaucaria collinsonae Steart et al., 2014 Purbeck Group, England, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
* Pararaucaria taquetrensis Escapa et Leslie, 2017 Lonco Trapial Group, Argentina, Early Jurassic
An indeterminate species is also known from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, of Utah, USA.

### Associations

Pararaucaria is associated with foliage of Brachyphyllum type,
# Parasiya

See also Manoharpura
Parasiya, is a small village in Tonk District. The village is situated near the 1 km from Lamba village,4 km from Mehandwas village and 16 km from Tonk city of Rajasthan, India.
The village has population about 800 and most from Jat community. Almost 97% people earn their lives from Agriculture.
# Parasitus coleoptratorum

Parasitus coleoptratorum is a species of mite in the family Parasitidae, first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 as Acarus coleoptratorum.
# Parbus

Parbus or Parnušis (German: Parnus; Latin: Parbsen, Parbusse) was a 13th-century Lithuanian duke during the reign of king Mindaugas as well as his close advisor, being part of the king's advisory council. A vassal in the historical land of Neris, Parbus acted as the first known high-ranking Lithuanian diplomat, representing Mindaugas in Riga after the latter was baptised in 1251. Parbus later travelled to pope Innocent IV to relay the message of the baptising. Parbus is mentioned as a clever pagan man in the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle. In 1253 he participated in the crowning of Mindaugas (another person also named Parbus, who was possibly Parbus's son, also participated in the coronation).
# Paralissotes

Paralissotes is a genus of stag beetle that is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

Paralissotes was described in 1996 by Beverly Holloway. New Zealand species previously placed in the Australian Lissotes genus were transferred to Paralissotes due to notable differences in the form of the elytral scales. Paralissotes reticulatus is the type species for this genus.

## Etymology

The name Paralissotes refers to how similar the genus is to Lissotes, "para" means close/near whilst "lissotes" refers to the Lissotes genus.

## Distribution

This genus is distributed from Three Kings Islands to as far south as Waimate in the South Island at altitudes below 1000m. These stag beetles are absent from the Chatham Islands.

## Species

There are seven currently accepted Paralissotes species:
* Paralissotes mangonuiensis (Brookes, 1927)
* Paralissotes oconnori (Holloway, 1961)
* Paralissotes planus (Broun, 1880)
* Paralissotes reticulatus (Westwood, 1844)
* Paralissotes rufipes (Sharp, 1886)
* Paralissotes stewarti (Broun, 1881)
* Paralissotes triregius (Holloway, 1963)
# Paralissotes reticulatus

Paralissotes reticulatus, also called the New Zealand reticulate stag beetle, is a native species of stag beetle from New Zealand. Although they do have wings they are flightless.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described by John O. Westwood in 1844 under the name Lucanus reticulatus. It was placed in the Paralissotes genus in 1995.

## Description

Including mandibles, male beetles have a length of 12.7–21.8 mm (0.50–0.86 in); female beetles from 13.8 to 21.3 mm. The beetle ranges from small to medium-sized with a glossy black exoskeleton. The reticulate name has its origin in the reticulate pattern of depressed scaly areas and non-scaly areas. Its head is widest in front of the eyes. Male and female beetles have similar sized mandibles. Like other Paralissotes species, this beetle is flightless despite having vestigial wings.

## Distribution

Paralissotes reticulatus is the most widespread species in its genus, having been collected from the Bay of Plenty to South Canterbury. There have been recent collections of this species near Dunedin. It is found from near sea level to an altitude of about 950 m (3,120 ft).

## Ecology

Like other stag beetles, adult Paralissotes reticulatus has been collected from underneath the decaying logs of native trees. The larvae are found inside rotting wood in an advanced state of decay. Like other Paralissotes species, this beetle is mostly seen at night, but may be seen during the day during wet conditions.
# Paracymoriza distinctalis

Paracymoriza distinctalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by John Henry Leech in 1889. It is found in China (Zhejiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou) and Taiwan.
# Parallel Galaxy

Parallel Galaxy is the first solo album by American musician Emmett Chapman, released in 1985 on Backyard Records. The album is also one of the earliest to feature the Chapman Stick, a stringed instrument developed by Chapman. (Alphonso Johnson and Tony Levin had used a Stick a few years earlier).
This album represented both an example of Chapman's artistry on the Stick, and also showed other musicians what was possible on the Stick. Though not a top-selling album, it inspired many musicians to pick up the Stick.
The track "Back Yard" appears in the Alan Smithee version of the 1984 film Dune.
The entire album was recorded without overdubs. It included Bruce Gary on drums, Josh Hanna on vocal effects and Dan Chapman (Emmett's brother) on harmonica.
Initially released on vinyl, the album was remastered and released on CD in 1999.

## Track listing
### Side 1

* "Back Yard"
* "Margueritas In The Waves"
* "Eleanor Rigby"
* "Pumpernickel Pump"
* "Waltzing Matilda"

### Side 2

* "A Lotus On Irish Streams"
* "Voices"
* "My Favorite Things"
* "Parallel galaxy"
* "Gypsy"

## Reception

A 1999 review of the album's rerelease on CD for All About Jazz described the album as "upbeat and playful", at its best reminiscent of country or bluegrass influenced jazz in the style of Bela Fleck or Les Paul, though somewhat dated and gimmicky: "I find this an interesting listen but if it wasn’t extra-valued as Chapman’s debut Stick release I may have passed on it".
# Parasika kingdom

Parasika was an ancient Yavana kingdom inhabited by the Parasikas tribe and mentioned in the Indian epic the Mahabharata.
A king named Parasarya is mentioned at two locations in Mahabharata, at 2:4 and at 2:7. It is not clear if he belonged to the Parasikas.
# Paranerita grandis

Paranerita grandis is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Peru.
# Paradiso (immersive theater experience)

Paradiso is an immersive theater experience and interactive game that was created by Michael Counts. It is expected to span four chapters, the first of which opened in New York City during July 2016. Counts drew inspiration for Paradiso from Dante's Divine Comedy and the experience features elements of crime noir.

## Paradiso: Chapter 1

The first chapter's premise places ten participants in a locked apartment that they must escape while also evading the Virgil Corporation, a shadowy crime gang. Players must solve puzzles within a certain span of time, otherwise they will not be able to complete the entire experience. Special effects such as 3D technology and actors are used during the experience to enhance game play.

## Reception

Paradiso: Chapter 1 received praise from media outlets such as Fangoria and the New York Daily News, the former of which felt that it was an "intense and reinvigorating escape room experience" and compared it favorably to similar immersive theater experiences by Counts. The New Yorker was mostly positive in their review, noting that while the puzzles and plot "feel desultory" the show worked as a haunted house experience. The New York Times commented that "What you get out of it will depend on what you put into it, and perhaps on whom you bring along", further remarking that knowing the strengths fellow participants ahead of time would potentially make it faster to solve puzzles, as time was limited.
The Village Voice was more critical, as they felt that the plot was too thin, a criticism shared by Exeunt Magazine.
# Parish of la Santa Cruz, Puebla

The Parish of la Santa Cruz, or Church of la Cruz, is a church in the city of Puebla, in the Mexican state of Puebla.
# Parictis

Parictis is an extinct arctoid belonging to the family Subparictidae.

## Taxonomy & evolution

It was originally described as a new genus and species Parietis princeous of mustelid by Scott in 1893, for a single specimen, a mandible fragment with two anterior molars. An alternative name and spelling, ?Parictis princeps, was proposed in 1894; and in 1904 both the genus and species name were declared to be in error and the name Parictis primaevus was assigned.
Parictis bathygenus was described in 1947, but it was considered a different genus by 1958, and a synonym of Cynelos caroniavorus by 1976.
Another species was described in 1954 as Campylocynodon personi, and was reassigned to the genus Parictis in 1967. And Parictis major was described during a review of the genus in 1972.
The genus as a whole was placed within various families, including Canidae by Hall in 1931 and Ursidae by Hunt in 1998. It is placed within the family Subparictidae as of 2023.

## Description

It was a very small and graceful arctoid with a skull only 7 cm long. Parictis first appeared in North America in the Late Eocene (around 38 million years ago), but it did not arrive in Eurasia until the Miocene. Some suggest that Parictis may have emigrated from Asia into North America during the major sea level low about 37 mya, because of the continued evolution of the Amphicynodontinae into the Hemicyoninae in Asia. Although no Parictis fossils have been found in East Asia, Parictis does appear in Eurasia and Africa, but not until the Miocene.
# Parastarte triquetra

Parastarte triquetra, or the brown gem clam, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Veneridae. It is found along the Atlantic coast of North America, from Florida to the West Indies.
# Parker Douglass

Parker Douglass (born June 25, 1985) is a former American football placekicker. He was signed by the Sioux Falls Storm as a street free agent in 2009. He played college football at South Dakota State.
Douglass has also been a member of the Cleveland Browns, New York Jets and California Redwoods.
# Parornix carpinella

Parornix carpinella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found from Sweden to the Pyrenees, Italy and Greece and from Great Britain to Russia.
The wingspan is 8–10 mm.
The larvae feed on Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Carpinus betulus, Carpinus orientalis and Ostrya carpinifolia. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Parornix cotoneasterella

Parornix cotoneasterella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.
The larvae feed on Cotoneaster avellana and Cotoneaster hissarica. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Parasybrodiboma

Parasybrodiboma sikkimensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Parasybrodiboma. It was described by Breuning in 1969.
# Paraswadi

Paraswadi is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Paraswadi has 241 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 36.75%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 1399 | 688 | 711 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 256 | 140 | 116 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 1392 | 684 | 708 |
| Literates | 420 | 243 | 177 |
| Workers (all) | 715 | 371 | 344 |
| Main workers (total) | 685 | 360 | 325 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 329 | 172 | 157 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 249 | 117 | 132 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 106 | 70 | 36 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 30 | 11 | 19 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 6 | 2 | 4 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 16 | 6 | 10 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 7 | 3 | 4 |
| Non-workers | 684 | 317 | 367 |

## Culture

Every year on Dussehra, the Gondi villagers of Paraswadi celebrate by holding a procession where they carry an image of Ravana riding on an elephant, as they claim that he was their ancestor-king.
# Parectopa ophidias

Parectopa ophidias is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from South Australia.
# Parenti

Parenti may refer to:
* Parenti (surname)
* Parenti, Calabria, a comune in the Province of Cosenza, Italy
* Parenti, an incorrect spelling of Perentie, a species of Australian monitor lizard
* Michael Parenti, an American academic and Marxist
# Partney

Partney is a small village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Spilsby, and in the Lincolnshire Wolds. The village was the birthplace of Henry Stubbe, the noted 17th-century Intellectual.
Partney is at the intersection of the A16 and A158 roads. A village bypass diverts the road to Skegness, Ingoldmells, Chapel St. Leonards and Louth. Public transport is provided by the Stagecoach bus service number 56 which runs from Lincoln to Skegness.

## History
### Partney Monastery

The existence of a Saxon Monastic house in Partney is known only from two references in Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (The Ecclesiastical History of the English People) of 731.
In Bowyer's History of the Mitred Parliamentary Abbies and other 18th- and 19th-century authors Bede's placename Peartenau is identified with Bardney. But Bede mentions Peartenau and Beardeneu in adjacent paragraphs, and the link to Bardney is now discredited. Pearteneau is likely to be Partney. The monastery is thought to have been destroyed by Viking raids around 870. No archaeological trace is known, but some burials confirm Saxon occupation at that time.

#### Abbots of Peartenau

* Deda, occurs 730
* Aldwin (mentioned by Bede without date)

### Dig at Partney

Work on the town's bypass was preceded by a major archaeological investigation, which concentrated on a Romano-British settlement and the 10th century monastic hospital. Apparently unrelated to the lost Saxon monastery, the later Benedictine medieval abbey of Bardney established a hospital at Partney, run as a cell of the abbey. The hospital was dedicated to St Mary Magdalene. The chapel survived only as wall foundations as the above-ground remains have been entirely robbed out. The foundations suggest a modest rectangular stone building measuring 13.8 yards long by 7.2 yards wide with external buttresses.

### Domesday

Partney appears twice in the Domesday Book, as part of the Manor of Bardney. It is rendered as "Partenai" or "Partene",

## Community

Partney church is dedicated to St Nicholas. It is built of greenstone in Perpendicular style and dates from the 14th century. The brick chancel was built in 1828. The porch was constructed, and the nave and aisles rebuilt, by C. E. Giles, c. 1862. The tower was partly rebuilt in 1910. In the churchyard stands a stone commemorating the marriage of Matthew Flinders within the church. The ecclesiastical parish of Partney is part of the Partney Group of the Deanery of Bolingbroke.
Victory Hall, next to the church, is an amenity for local clubs and groups.
The small village primary school is Church of England aided.
In the past Partney held a sheep fair. Today an annual summer fair is held to raise money for local causes.

## Notable people

Henry Stubbe and the actor Stephen Murray were born in the village.
# Pashat

Pashat is the main town in Salarzai Tehsil, Bajaur District, in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The population is 5,111 according to the 2017 census.
# Passion According to Matthew

Passion According to Matthew (Muke po Mati) is a 1975 Yugoslavian film directed by Lordan Zafranović. At the 1975 Pula Film Festival it received awards for directing, cinematography and creativity.
The film stars Boris Cavazza as Matthew. It was written by Mirko Kovač and Lordan Zafranović and was produced by Jadran Film and Croatia Film.

## Cast

The cast of Passion According to Matthew includes Boris Cavazza as Matthew, Alicja Jachiewicz as Ora, Žarko Radić as Luke, Božidarka Frajt as Mother, Mirko Boman and Hermina Pipinić.

## Awards

* Pula Film Festival, 1975:
** Lordan Zafranović – the "Milton Manaki" film critics' award
** Karpo Aćimović-Godina - the "Foto" award for cinematography
** Lordan Zafranović - the "Mladost" award for creative contributions
# Parkside Elementary School

Parkside Elementary School may refer to:
* Parkside Elementary School (Coral Springs, Florida)
* Parkside Elementary School (Columbus, Indiana)
* Parkside Elementary School (Morrisville, North Carolina)
* Parkside Elementary School (Blackwell, Oklahoma)
* Parkside Elementary School (Prince Edward Island)
* Parkside Elementary School (Murray, Utah)
* Parkside Elementary School (Spotsylvania, Virginia)
# Parsons Preachers

The Parsons Preachers were a minor league baseball team based in Parsons, Kansas that played in the Class-C Missouri Valley League in 1905, the Class-D Kansas State League in 1906 and the Class-D Oklahoma–Arkansas–Kansas League in 1907. They were the last minor league team to be based in Parsons until 1921.
Babe Adams and Charlie Rhodes played for the unaffiliated team.
# Pascal Gaüzère

Pascal Gaüzère (born 23 April 1977) is a retired referee from Montfort-en-Chalosse in France who represented the French Rugby Federation at international level in refereeing. He officiated at the highest level from 2006 to 2021, refereeing matches in the club tournaments, Top 14, Pro12, Challenge Cup, and Heineken Cup.
He made his international refereeing debut in 2009, when he refereed the match between Tonga under-20s and Wales under-20s in the 2009 IRB Junior World Championship. He was once again on the IRB panel for the 2010 IRB Junior World Championship, refereeing several matches including the final between Australia under-20s and New Zealand under-20s.
In late 2010, Gaüzère made his debut at professional level, touch judging and refereeing in four matches in the 2010 end-of-year rugby union tests. His first match as match referee was between Georgia and Canada. Later on he was part of the 2011 Rugby World Cup qualifying match between Romania and Uruguay. On 4 December 2010, Gaüzère refereed 'The Final Challenge' between Barbarians and South Africa, which the "Baa Baas" won, 26–20.
He made his Six Nations debut in 2011, when he was one of the officials in the Scotland and Ireland match in the 2011 Six Nations Championship.
Gaüzère retired from refereeing in June 2021. His final game was a Test match between the British and Irish Lions and Japan.
# Parsonsia eucalyptophylla

Parsonsia eucalyptophylla, whose common names are gargaloo and monkey vine, is a woody vine in the family Apocynaceae. It is native to the east coast states of Australia.

## Description

Parsonsia eucalyptophylla is a tall woody climber; the young plants climb by clinging roots, and the older plants using twining stems. It has watery rather than milky sap. The yellow flowers appear from spring to autumn. The leaves are linear to lanceolate and 8–24 cm long and 0.5–2 cm wide, with lower surface paler than the upper.

## Distribution and habitat

Parsonsia eucalyptophylla is native to New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria in Australia, and is widespread in woodland and scrub in inland areas.

## Taxonomy

Parsonsia eucalyptophylla was first described in 1861, by Ferdinand von Mueller, and later redescribed, in 1868, as Lyonsia eucalyptifolia by Bentham. Its currently accepted name is Parsonsia eucalyptophylla.
# Parsonsia velutina

Parsonsia velutina, the hairy silkpod, is a woody vine of the family Apocynaceae. It occurs in monsoon forest in New Guinea and across northern and eastern Australia, from The Kimberley, across the Top End to Cape York and south to central New South Wales.

## Description

The species produces slender stems, less than to 20 mm diameter, and is dependent upon climbing over rock faces or other plants to reach sunlight. The stems may produce a watery sap when damaged. The broad, opposite leaves are clothed in brown hairs, giving rise to the common name.
Small, yellow and brown flowers are followed by long, slender pods which are 7 to 10 centimetres in length.
# Pascal

Pascal, Pascal's or PASCAL may refer to:

## People and fictional characters

* Pascal (given name), including a list of people with the name
* Pascal (surname), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name
** Blaise Pascal, French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, writer and theologian

## Places

* Pascal (crater), a lunar crater
* Pascal Island (Antarctica)
* Pascal Island (Western Australia)

## Science and technology

* Pascal (unit), the SI unit of pressure
* Pascal (programming language), a programming language developed by Niklaus Wirth
** Microsoft Pascal
** Turbo Pascal
* PASCAL (database), a bibliographic database maintained by the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information
* Pascal (microarchitecture), codename for a microarchitecture developed by Nvidia

## Other uses

* French cruiser Pascal (1895–1911)
* French submarine Pascal (Q138) (1931–1942)
* Pascal and Maximus, fictional characters in Tangled
* Pascal blanc, a French white wine grape
* Pascal College, secondary education school in Zaandam, the Netherlands
* Pascal, trade name of J. Pascal's Furniture and Hardware, Montreal, Canada
* PAS/CAL, a pop band from Detroit, Michigan
# Pascual Cucala

Pascual Cucala (1822 – January 31, 1892) was a Spanish Valencian carlist. He was born in the Province of Castellón in Valencia. He fought against the army of the First Spanish Republic on behalf of Carlos, Duke of Madrid. After the defeat of the carlists in 1876, he went into exile in France, where he died.