OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ramamirtha Jayaraman

Ramamirtha Jayaraman (10 October 1937 – 14 April 2019) was an Indian geneticist, known for his studies on bacteria, especially on Escherichia coli. His researches on the control of transcription of bacteria are known to have evidenced the participation of accessory factors in transcription and their interactions with RNA polymerase. He was a professor at the Madurai Kamaraj University (MKU) and a former scientist at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Post his retirement, he served as an emeritus scientist at MKU. He authored the reference manual, Jayaraman Laboratory Manual in Molecular Genetics and several pamphlets and articles; PubMed, an online repository of medical papers has listed 59 of them. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1982, for his contributions to biological sciences.
He died on 13 April 2019.
# Rahavavy

Rahavavy is a genus of Malagasy araneomorph spiders in the family Phyxelididae, and was first described by C. E. Griswold, H. M. Wood & A. D. Carmichael in 2012. As of June 2019 it contains only three species, found only on Madagascar: R. fanivelona, R. ida, and R. malagasyana.
# Rambler Island

Rambler Island (66°28′S 66°27′W﻿ / ﻿66.467°S 66.450°W﻿ / -66.467; -66.450) is the largest of the Bragg Islands, lying in Crystal Sound about 7.5 nautical miles (14 km) north of Cape Rey, Graham Land. Mapped from surveys by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) (1958–59). The name derives from association with Rambler Harbor which lies on the north side of the island.
# Randenburg

Randenburg is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the former municipality of Reeuwijk, and lies about 6 km northwest of Gouda.
The statistical area "Randenburg", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 180.
# Randen

Randen may refer to:
* Randen (mountain range), in Switzerland and Germany
* Randen, a tram line of the Keifuku Electric Railroad in Japan
# Rajgarh, Dhar

Rajgarh is a town and a nagar panchay, near city of Dhar in Dhar district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Rajgarh had a population of 15,610. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Rajgarh has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 55%. In Rajgarh, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. In the north side of town a small killa is there. A beautiful mandir (temple) of nagneshwari devi. (kuldevi of Rathore rajput's) situated. Mohankheda (Jain tirth) is also situated near rajgarh.

## History

Rajgarh is a guaranteed bhumiat of Dhar. The bhumia of Rajgarh holds one village and three Bhil hamlets from Dhar, two villages directly from the British government, and two other villages from Indore. In 1867, Indore and Dhar pressed their claims on the villages of Rajgarh and Dhar, but the Government of India decided that the bhumia should enjoy complete authority in those villages.
In 1886 and 1903, the Government of India recognised the right of the government of Dhar to exercise jurisdiction in the guaranteed thakurats and bhumiats subordinate to it. Upon this right being recognised, the government of Dhar conceded limited civil and criminal jurisdictional powers to the estate holders deemed capable of exercising them, Rajgarh included.
# Rajgarh, Alwar

Rajgarh is a town and a tehsil in Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Bhangarh, Asia's most haunted place, is also present in Rajgarh, Alwar tehsil. It is a small town set in scenic hills dotted with forts, and features waterfalls, a valley, and the hills of Aravalli.

## History

Rajgarh is a small town on State Highway 25, close to Sariska National Park, in Alwar district of Rajasthan. It lies on the main train route between Delhi and Jaipur. Rajgarh Fort was built by Raja Pratap Singh Naruka, the founder of the State of Alwar who is often referred to as the "Bismarck of Alwar". In 1771, Rajgarh Fort was the site of the old capital of Alwar state. Later the new capital was set up at Bala Kila, Alwar and Rajgarh was turned into the summer residence of the Alwar Royal family. Rajgarh boasts of the famous Baghraj Temple, a Step Well, historic fort, palaces and a bustling market. A 19th century British traveler described Rajgarh valley as "A Perfect Earthly Paradise" with the walls of the well-kept fort of Rajgarh, picturesquely perched on a hill rising out of a green and fertile. Mostly 80% population in Rajgarh is Meena
Rajgarh was an incredible, prosperous capital fort of Kshatriya Badgujar Rulers, which lost its glory after conflicts between Kachhwaha and Badgujar clans of Rajput lineages. Badgujars also were also an important alliances to the Royal kingdom of Mewar. Badgujars formed major Harawal frontline army for Royal Army of Mewar.
Badgujars lost their identity after being slaughtered by Mughals for opposing the marriages of Badgujar daughters with them.
Badgujars chose to live with pride and maintain dignity of Kshatriya Dharma instead of living life based on rules set by others.
Rajgarh has the tomb of the father of famous Urdu Poet Mirza Ghalib within town limits. Rajgarh Tehsil also contains the historic town of Rajore, now called Rajorgarh, where an inscription was found of Maharadhiraj Parmeshwara Matthandeva of Gurjara-Pratihara lineage, dated to 960 AD. This is the only known inscription containing the terms "Gurjara Pratihara" (after 11century called Badgujar) to describe the lineage.
Rajgarh is the birthplace of freedom fighter Bhawani Sahai Sharma who was a senior member of Hindustan Socialist Republican Army. He served a jail term of more than 9 years at the hand of the British during the Indian Independence struggle. Bhawani Sahai Sharma later became an MLA from Thana Gazi, Alwar.

## Geography and attractions

Rajgarh has an average elevation of 479 metres (1571 feet). It is a major agricultural centre with a RIICO rajasthan mineral industrial park.
Famous and Attractive places of Rajgarh are as follows.
* Bhangarh
* Kala daata
* Alewa waterfall
* Govind Dev Ji Temple
* jagganath ji temple
* Rajgarh Fort
* jharna
* The Haunted 7 chauk ki haweeli
* The temple of Bairuji in Ratanpura Village
* Baghraj Temple
* Machari
* Ajabgarh
* sarsa mata mandir
* Narayani mata Mandir
* Naga Baba Ka mandir Dhigawara
* Bhartari Baba Tapostali

## Educational Institutions

Rajgarh has one of early built colleges of the British era in India which provides up to post graduate level education.
# Ramewal, Jalandhar

Ramewal is a village in Phillaur in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from sub district headquarter and 31 kilometres (19 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, The village has a total number of 206 houses and the population of 962 of which 490 are males while 472 are females. According to the report published by Census India in 2011, out of the total population of the village 396 people are from Schedule Caste and the village does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
# Raney House

Raney House may refer to:
* Raney House (Rogers, Arkansas), listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Benton County, Arkansas
* David G. Raney House, Apalachicola, Florida, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
# Raphaël Trémouilhe

Raphaël Trémouilhe (27 January 1891 in Allemans-du-Dropt – 12 December 1978) was a French politician. He represented the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR) (from 1951 to 1955) and the Radical Party (1956 to 1958) in the National Assembly.
# Rans S-11 Pursuit

The Rans S-11 Pursuit is an American single-engined, tractor configuration, single-seat, low-wing aircraft, based on the lifting body principle, designed and built by Randy Schlitter. The Pursuit was listed as under development in 1998, but only prototypes were ever completed and the aircraft is not part of the present Rans aircraft line.

## Design and development

The S-11 was conceived as a unique single seat sport aircraft, based on the lifting body concept pioneered by NASA in the 1960s. The aircraft design derives 80% of its lift from the aircraft fuselage and associated strakes and only 20% from its straight wings.
The Pursuit is a straked, low wing single or dual seat aircraft with tricycle landing gear and dual rudders. It is made from a welded steel fuselage with aluminum ribs and a composite shell. The prototype's engine was a Rotax 912UL of 80 hp (60 kW), with the Rotax 582 of 64 hp (48 kW) intended to be offered as an option.

## Operational history

A prototype, N2164K, was registered with the Federal Aviation Administration in July 1990 and destroyed on 19 January 1991. Another prototype, N4299Y, was registered with the FAA in June 1991 and had its registration cancelled in March 2001. Another prototype, N7012W, was granted an FAA registration on 5 May 1993.

## Accidents and incidents

A prototype S-11, N2164K, was involved in an accident on 19 January 1991. The aircraft suffered an engine failure caused by a seized piston at altitude. The landing was hard and resulted in a fire. The pilot received serious injuries. The National Transportation Safety Board assessed cause factors as engine failure followed by a high descent rate on landing. The aircraft is listed as destroyed.

## Variants
### S-11

    Prototype first flown in January 1991.

### S-11A

    Prototype with improvements, first flown in January 1992.

### S-11B

    Prototype with further improvements, first flown in January 1993.

### S-15 Pursuit II

    Proposed two-seat variant with retractable landing gear, not built.

## Specifications (S-11)

Data from Aerocrafter, Popular Mechanics
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 18 ft 0 in (5.49 m)
* Wingspan: 20 ft 0 in (6.10 m)
* Empty weight: 575 lb (261 kg)
* Gross weight: 1,075 lb (488 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 20 US gallons (76 litres)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 912UL , 80 hp (60 kW)
Performance
* Cruise speed: 140 mph (230 km/h, 120 kn)
* Stall speed: 48 mph (77 km/h, 42 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 225 mph (362 km/h, 196 kn)
* Service ceiling: 18,000 ft (5,500 m)
* Rate of climb: 1,500 ft/min (7.6 m/s)
# Rans S-16 Shekari

The Rans S-16 Shekari is an American single-engined, two-seat, low-wing, experimental amateur built aerobatic monoplane designed by Randy Schlitter, and produced by Rans Inc of Hays, Kansas, and sold as a kit for amateur construction.

## Design and development

Conceived as a new generation of Rans aircraft focusing on quicker built times and higher performance, the Shekari is stressed for dual aerobatics.
The Shekari has a 4130 steel tube-and-fabric forward fuselage with composite covering and 6061-T3 aluminum tube rear fuselage and tail. It is available as either a tail wheel landing gear or tricycle landing gear versions. The wings are removable by one person in ten minutes for storage or trailering.
The S-16 has been flown with the Rotax 912UL of 80 hp (60 kW), but is typically equipped with engines such as the Continental IO-240 of 130 hp (97 kW) and can accept engines up to the Lycoming O-320 with 160 hp (119 kW). Construction time claimed is 600 to 1500 man-hours, depending on builder experience.
Production of the S-16 was ended as part of Rans' extensive reorganization of its product line on 1 June 2006, after the kit had been available for 8 years. Twenty-two had been completed and flown by the end of 2005.

## Specifications

Data from Kitplanes, Aerocrafter
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Capacity: One passenger
* Length: 18 ft 8 in (5.69 m)
* Wingspan: 24 ft 0 in (7.32 m)
* Height: 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m)
* Wing area: 86.5 sq ft (8.04 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 850 lb (386 kg)
* Gross weight: 1,650 lb (748 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 32 US gallons (121 litres)
* Powerplant: 1 × Continental IO-240-B piston engine, 130 hp (97 kW)
* Propellers: 3-bladed composite
Performance
* Maximum speed: 220 mph (350 km/h, 190 kn)
* Cruise speed: 160 mph (260 km/h, 140 kn)
* Stall speed: 50 mph (80 km/h, 43 kn) flaps down
* Never exceed speed: 248 mph (399 km/h, 216 kn)
* Range: 980 mi (1,570 km, 850 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 14,000 ft (4,300 m)
* g limits: +9/-9
* Rate of climb: 1,200 ft/min (6.1 m/s)
# Rastelli procedure

The Rastelli procedure is an open heart surgical procedure developed by Italian physician and cardiac surgery researcher, Giancarlo Rastelli, in 1967 at the Mayo Clinic, and involves using a pulmonary or aortic homograft conduit to relieve pulmonary obstruction in double outlet right ventricle with pulmonary stenosis.
On July 26, 1968, the first successful surgery was carried out at the Mayo Clinic by Dr. Robert Wallace.

## Usage

It is used to correct certain combinations of congenital heart defects (CHDs):
* dextro-Transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA), or overriding aorta, or double outlet right ventricle (DORV); and
* Ventricular septal defect (VSD); and
* Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO):
      * pulmonary atresia; or
      * pulmonary stenosis; or
      * subpulmonary stenosis.

## Timing

The Rastelli procedure is typically performed between one and two years of age. Since d-TGA, overriding aorta and DORV are cyanotic heart defects, the child is palliated with a Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt in the meantime.

## Surgical method

Oxygenated blood is directed from the left ventricle to the aorta using a Gore-Tex patch. The VSD is also sealed with the patch. The pulmonary valve is surgically closed.
From the right ventricle to the pulmonary bifurcation, a synthetic conduit and a valve are constructed, which lets oxygen depleted blood to flow into the lungs for reoxygenation.

## Results

In the last seven years of the study, there were seven early deaths (7%) and no surgical fatalities. Univariable analysis revealed that a straddling tricuspid valve (P =.04) and longer aortic crossclamping periods (P =.04) were risk factors for early mortality.
There were 17 late deaths and a patient who had undergone heart transplantation after an average follow-up of 8.5 years.
44 patients underwent reoperations for conduit stenosis, 11 for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and 28 for interventional catheterization to alleviate conduit stenosis.
There were nine patients with late arrhythmias and five patients who experienced sudden deaths.
At 5, 10, 15 and 20 years, avoidance of death or transplantation (Kaplan-Meier) was 82 percent, 80 percent, 68 percent and 52 percent, respectively.
At 5, 10 and 15 years of followup, the rates of death or reintervention (catheterization or surgical therapy) were 53 percent, 24 percent and 21 percent, respectively.

## Conclusions

Overall, the Rastelli procedure has a low initial fatality rate.
Conduit blockage, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and arrhythmia, on the other hand, are linked to significant late morbidity and mortality.
Almost half of the patients who received the Rastelli operation required heart transplantation or died two decades later.
# Ranunculus paludosus

Ranunculus paludosus is a species of perennial herb in the family Ranunculaceae. They have a self-supporting growth form and simple, broad leaves. Individuals can grow to 0.23 m.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from Ranunculus paludosus​. Encyclopedia of Life.
# Ratan Marshal

Ratan Rustom Marshal (14 October 1911 – 16 January 2011) was a Parsi social worker and litterateur. He was the first person to receive a PhD degree in Gujarati language for his dissertation, Gujarati Patrakaratvano Itihas (History of Gujarati journalism), in which he has chronicled the history of Gujarati journalism from the 19th century. His research is considered to be the original reference book of Gujarati journalism. He was awarded the Narmad Suvarna Chandrak for his autobiography in 1999.

## Life

Ratan Marshal was born on 14 October 1911 in Bharuch, Gujarat, India. He completed BA in 1934 and received a PhD for his dissertation Gujarati Patrakaratvano Itihas (History of Gujarati journalism) in 1949 from Bombay University. His wife Frenny was a doctor. He served in various posts in Surat parsi panchayat for 70 years. He spent the last phase of his life with his son Rustom, a senior counsel at the Gujarat High Court in Ahmedabad. He also did LLB with Rustom in the 70s. He died on 16 January 2011 at the age of 100.

## Writing

His short stories were published as Parsi Sansari Prem Katha. He has also written an autobiography named Katharatan. In 1950, he wrote a thesis on the history of Gujarati journalism. It was mandatory to write a PhD thesis in English, but he was allowed to use Gujarati as he wanted to add unique features of the language. Marshall also played a comic role in the Parsi version of an English play which was portrayed in Gujarati as Kutrani Punchhadi Vanki. He was more active in social activity than literature.

## Awards and honors

Marshal was awarded the Narmad Suvarna Chandrak for his autobiography Katharatan in 1999. He was felicitated by the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad. He was also awarded the D.Litt. by the Veer Narmad South Gujarat University in 2002.
# Ray Jackson (serial killer)

Ray Shawn Jackson (born August 28, 1967), known as The Gillham Park Strangler, is an American serial killer who strangled to death six women in Kansas City, Missouri from 1989 to 1990, dumping the victims' bodies in the area surrounding Gilliam Park.

## Biography

Ray Shawn Jackson was born on August 28, 1967, as the only son of his parents. At age seven, his family moved him to Kansas City, where he was raised in a rather poor environment. In his late teens, he began working as a semiliterate laborer.

## Murders

In the span of seven months, between September 1989 and April 1990, the bodies of six prostitutes were found dumped in areas in or around Gillham park, mid-town of Kansas City, Missouri.
* Annette Stewart, 33, found dead on September 16, 1989, near 31st and Oak streets in Kansas City.
* Kimberly Creer, 22, found dead on September 20, 1989, in Gillham Park.
* Tresa Williams, 21, found dead on October 22, 1989, at 4136 Euclid Ave in Kansas City.
* Janice Berryman, 36, found dead on October 28, 1989, in Gillham Park.
* Tonya Ward, 23, found dead on January 18, 1990, in Gillham Park.
* Michelle Mitchell, 22, found dead on April 5, 1990, in Gillham Park.
In April 1990, a man walking his dog through Gillham Park spotted a man having sex with a woman. Upon closer inspection, however, it became clear that it was an act of rape. The perpetrator fled the area when the man intervened. The woman regained consciousness and was able to give a description of the man. Police had an idea of the suspect's geographic pattern, as he either lives near, or had connections with the park. After questioning people in the area, they told police about Ray Jackson. Police took Jackson into questioning, and after an interrogation, he confessed. He told the police that he had been involved in multiple murders.
Jackson said he would walk alone at night and ask women on the streets if they wanted to smoke crack cocaine. After the woman agreed, he would walk with her to a secluded area in or near Gillham Park, where he choked them from behind until they lost consciousness. He would then awaken them, strip them, rape them, and strangle them. Jackson would position the bodies in sexually provocative poses and leave their clothes strewn around the crime scene.
The case of the surviving victim was different in that Jackson had followed her beforehand. When he asked her to join him, she refused. Jackson later attacked her and dragged into some bushes, where he tried to choke her before the passerby intervened.

## Conviction

To avoid a possible death sentence, Jackson pleaded guilty to six counts of first degree murder and one count of first degree assault for the surviving victim. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole. Jackson is currently incarcerated at South Central Correctional Center.
# Rawdon Street Methodist Church

Rawdon Street Methodist Church is a Methodist historical church in what was the historical Settler Town, Sierra Leone which is now known as Freetown, Sierra Leone. Rawdon Methodist was established by African American settlers in Sierra Leone who are known in Freetown as the 'Nova Scotian Settlers'. The first minister at the church was Joseph Brown; George Carrol (Carral) and Isom Gordon assisted him with running the church. Rawdon was supported built and supported by the Nova Scotians.

## Style of worship

The Nova Scotian settlers brought their "American" style of worship to Sierra Leone, much to the chagrin of the British entrepreneurs who brought them there. The Nova Scotian Settlers' style of worship, preaching, and teaching were based upon the African American culture they brought with them to Sierra Leone.

## Wealth and independence

Rawdon Methodist was a church for the wealthy Nova Scotian Settlers and often the settlers of a lower status went to Baptist churches in Sierra Leone. Thus Baptist churches were associated with low economic Nova Scotians and the Methodist churches were associated with wealthy merchant Nova Scotian traders.

## Ebenezer Methodist Church

Ebenezer Methodist Church was established by Nova Scotian Settlers who broke away from the Rawdon Street congregation after a dispute. Ebenezer was established by wealthy Nova Scotian settler merchants.
# Ravenal

Ravenal is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Earl Ravenal (1931–2019), American foreign policy analyst, academic, and writer
* John Ravenal (born 1959), American art historian, writer, and museum curator
# Ratnapuri, India

Ratnapuri is a place in Uttar Pradesh, India.
It is the birthplace of the Jain Tirthankara Dharmanath and is a temple town in Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the Ayodhya-Lucknow national highway 24 km west of Ayodhya near Ronahi.

## Jain Temple

There are two major temples in this area one belongs to the Digambar sect and other belongs to the Shwetambar sect of Jainism. Shwetambar temple is known as Shri Jain Shwetambar Ratnapuri Teerth Pedhi. Digambar temple is known as Shri Jain Digambar Ratnapuri Teerth Pedhi.
# Račiněves

Račiněves is a municipality and village in Litoměřice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Račiněves lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Litoměřice, 34 km (21 mi) south of Ústí nad Labem, and 36 km (22 mi) north-west of Prague.

## Archaeology

Račiněves is home to an important archaeological site, at which numerous stone tools dating to the Lower Palaeolithic were found.
# Linn Tonstad

Linn Marie Tonstad (born 1978) is an American theologian who serves as Associate Professor of Theology, Religion, and Sexuality at Yale Divinity School.

## Biography

Tonstad joined the faculty at Yale Divinity School in 2012. She co-chairs the Theology and Religious Reflection unit of the American Academy of Religion and is on the steering committee of its Queer Studies in Religion unit.

## Publications
### Books

* Queer Theology: Beyond Apologetics (Cascade, 2018)
* God and Difference: The Trinity, Sexuality, and the Transformation of Finitude (Routledge, 2016)
# Pizzaman

Pizzaman or Pizza Man may refer to:
* Pizza delivery person
* Pizza Man (1991 film), an American comedy film by J.F. Lawton
* Pizza Man (2011 film), an American family action film by Joe Eckardt
* Pizza Man (2015 film), an Indonesian film starring Karina Nadila
* Pizzaman (band), a 1990s British electronic music duo featuring Norman Cook
* The Pizza Man (foaled 2009), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
* Ray Pizzi (1943–2021), nicknamed "Pizza Man", American jazz musician
* "Pizza Man", a song from the 1973 National Lampoon off-Broadway show Lemmings