OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Outline of control engineering

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to control engineering:
Control engineering – engineering discipline that applies control theory to design systems with desired behaviors. The practice uses sensors to measure the output performance of the device being controlled and those measurements can be used to give feedback to the input actuators that can make corrections toward desired performance. When a device is designed to perform without the need of human inputs for correction it is called automatic control (such as cruise control for regulating a car's speed).

## Branches

* Adaptive control
* Control theory – interdisciplinary branch of engineering and mathematics that deals with the behavior of dynamical systems. The usual objective of control theory is to calculate solutions for the proper corrective action from the controller that result in system stability.
* Digital control
* Energy-shaping control
* Fuzzy control
* Hybrid control
* Intelligent control
* Model predictive control
* Multivariable control
* Neural control
* Nonlinear control
* Optimal control
* Real-time control
* Robust control
* Stochastic control

## Mathematical concepts

* Complex analysis
* Differential equations
* Linear algebra
* Mathematical system theory
* Matrices
* Real analysis
* Variational calculus

## System properties

* Bode plot
* Block diagram
* Closed-loop transfer function
* Controllability
* Fourier transform
* Frequency response
* Laplace transform
* Negative feedback
* Observability
* Performance
* Positive feedback
* Root locus method
* Servomechanism
* Signal-flow graph
* State space representation
* Stability theory
* Steady state analysis & design
* System dynamics
* Transfer function

## Digital control

* Discrete-time signal
* Digital signal processing
* Quantization
* Real-time software
* sampled data
* System identification
* Z transform

## Advanced techniques

* Artificial neural networks
* Coefficient diagram method
* Control reconfiguration
* Distributed parameter systems
* Fractional-order control
* Fuzzy logic
* H-infinity loop-shaping
* Hankel singular value
* Kalman filter
* Krener's theorem
* Least squares
* Lyapunov stability
* Minor loop feedback
* Perceptual control theory
* State observer
* Vector control

## Tools

* Labview
* Matlab
* Simulink

## Controllers

* Embedded controller
* Closed-loop controller
* Lead-lag compensator
* Numerical control
* PID controller
* Programmable logic controller

## Control applications

* Automation and remote control
* Distributed control system
* Electric motors
* Industrial control systems
* Mechatronics
* Motion control
* Process Control
* Robotics
* Supervisory control (SCADA)

## Control engineering organizations

* Control System Integrators Association
* International Federation of Automatic Control

## Persons influential in control engineering

* People in systems and control
# Owl, Oklahoma

Owl was an unincorporated community in the Indian Territory and later Coal County, Oklahoma. At the time of its founding, Owl was located in Atoka County, a part of the Pushmataha District, or province, of the Choctaw Nation.
Owl was established as a station stop on the MK&T Railroad, between Coalgate and Tupelo. After statehood, Owl was located at or near the geographic center of Coal County, a fact it sought to exploit for its benefit. According to a local newspaper, the town had two buildings in February 1904, then grew to 75 buildings and a population of 500 by January 1905.
During the latter days of the Indian Territory, as Oklahoma's statehood became a certainty, Owl promoted itself to become the county seat of the newly established Coal County. Owl residents published a new newspaper, the Coal County Register, to serve as a mouthpiece for the effort. Tupelo, Lehigh, Olney, Centrahoma, Coalgate and Phillips all vied with Owl to be county seat of the new county.
Owl's effort was an uphill climb. Each town wishing to become county seat was required to gather 300 signatures in order to make it onto the ballot. It could not, and the final ballot did not include it as a choice. Lehigh, the provisional county seat, lost the privilege to Coalgate. At the time of the election, Lehigh was thought to have a population of 2,188 and Coalgate was thought to have as many as 2,921.
# Outer membrane protein OpcA

Outer membrane adhesin OpcA protein family consists of several Neisseria species specific outer membrane proteins. Neisseria meningitidis causes meningococcal meningitis and sepsis. Opc (formerly called 5C) is one of the major outer membrane proteins and has been shown to play an important role in meningococcal adhesion and invasion of epithelial and endothelial cells, mediating attachment to host cells by binding proteoglycan cell-surface receptors.
OpcA forms a 10-stranded beta-barrel with five highly mobile extracellular loops that protrude above the surface of the membrane. These extracellular loops combine to form a crevice in the external surface that is lined by positively charged residues, which is predicted to be a binding site for proteoglycan polysaccharides involved in pathogenesis. Conformational changes in the extracellular loops modulate the surface of OpcA, which could affect the proteoglycan binding site. These conformational changes could also lead to pore opening.
# Oxford West Telephone

Oxford West Telephone Company is a local telephone company in Maine and is owned by Maine-based Oxford Networks. The company was founded in 1994 upon Oxford's purchase of Contel of Maine's Oxford County exchanges from GTE.
The company absorbed the operations of Bryant Pond Telephone Co., which had been established in 1974, and adopted a trade name of the former company to reflect the merger.
The company provides local telephone services to cities such as Bryant Pond and Andover.
# P. Karthiyayini

P. Karthiyayini is an Indian politician and incumbent Mayor of Vellore Municipal Corporation. She represented All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party. Recently, she joined BJP party.
# P. U. Shanmugam

P U Shanmugam, affectionately called as Paa Vuu Saa (15 August 1924 - 11 April 2007) was an Indian politician and former minister of Tamil Nadu for Internal affairs, former minister of Public works, former minister of public health and various other portfolios on various tenures. The Dravidian veteran also worked as the Organisation Secretary of DMK and the 3rd General Secretary of AIADMK. He defeated the Indian National Congress candidate in Tiruvannamalai Assembly constituency by-election in 1963 on DMK ticket.

## Early life

P U Shanmugam was born in a Tuluva Vellala Mudaliar family of Tiruvannamalai in 1924. He was SSLC educated at Municipal High School in Tiruvannamalai.

## Legislative victories

He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Tiruvannamalai constituency as an Independent candidate in 1957 election, as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 1971, and 1977 elections. He lost to Congress candidate in 1980 election from Tiruvannamalai constituency as an All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Candidate. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly respresenting All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in 1984 election. He also contested from Melmalayanur constituency and lost in 1989 election as a candidate of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) Janaki faction. In 1989, He joined DMK and served as the Convenor of DMK Party High Level Working Committee till his death in 2007.
# Oxana Ionova

Oxana Ionova was the head of the state tax service of Transnistria and director of Transnistria's central bank from 2008 to 2011. She was born in Tiraspol on 3 June 1966. She started her work in the Ministry of Interior of Transnistria in 1994 as accountant. In 1997, she was appointed head of financial and economic department of the State Customs Committee of Transnistria. In 2000 President Igor Smirnov appointed Ionova as the new Minister of Revenues of Transnistria. After the reform of fiscal service and abolition of the separate ministry of revenues, Ionova was appointed head of state tax service of Transnistria. In 2008 President Smirnov proposed Ionova's candidature to the Supreme Council to be appointed as director of Transnistrian Republican Bank.
Oxana Ionova was considered to be a 'purse' of Igor Smirnov and his family, a person through which money was laundered. In 2011 the Investigation Committee of the Russian Federation opened a criminal case against Ionova on a charge of embezzlement of 160 million rubles of Russian humanitarian aid. On 13 March 2012, after 2011 presidential elections in Transnistria when Igor Smirnov lost power, the Transnistrian authorities arrested Ionova on charges of embezzlement of state property, illegal business practices, abuse of power and forgery. It was reported that during search of her villa police exempted her collection of golden coins and gold bars. Her case went to court on 11 March 2013.
# P. Viswambharan

P. Viswambharan (25 June 1925 – 9 December 2016) was an Indian politician, socialist, trade unionist and journalist.

## Education

School: Pachalloor L.P. School, Venganor English Middle School and Thiruvananthapuram S.M.V School
College: Nagercoil Scott Christian College, Thiruvananthapuram Arts College and University College.
Degree in History and Economics.

## Political activities

While, studying in Thiruvananthapuram, joined the Quit India Movement. It was the beginning of his political career.
When the Students Congress was formed in 1940s, he has undertaken the task to organize its Thiruvthamcore unit.
In 1945, he was elected to the executive of the Travancore University Union.
In 1949, became a member of Socialist Party.
In 1950, became a member of the Trivandrum District Committee of Indian Socialist Party.
In 1956, became the State Joint Secretary of Praja Socialist Party.
In 1964, became the State General Secretary of Praja Socialist Party.
In 1971, became the State Chairman of Socialist Party.
P. Viswambharan was elected as the first Convener of the Left Democratic Front (LDF) which was formed in 1973.
In the period of 1975-77 he actively worked against the Emergency declared by the then prime minister Indira Gandhi.
After 1977, he served the Janata Party and Janata Dal party as its State President and National executive member.

## As a Legislator

In 1954, he was elected to the Thiruvithamcore-Cochin Assembly from Nemom constituency in Thiruvananthapuram District.
Again in 1960, he was elected to the Kerala Assembly from Nemom constituency.
In 1967 he was elected from the Thiruvananthapuram Parliament constituency to the Indian Parliament.

## As a journalist

From 1946 to 1958 he worked as a journalist for the Malayalam dailies like Malayali, Mathrubhumi, Swathrathanthakahalam and Desabandhu.

## Trade Union Field

He organized and led the Dakshina Thiruvithamkoor Karinkal Thozhilali Union, Dakshina Thiruvithamkoor Motor Thozhilali Union, Thiruvananthapuram Port Workers Union, Travancore Textile Workers Union, Kerala PWD work establishment Employees Union, Electricity board Ministerial Officers Union and so on.

## Co-operative Sector

Right from the beginning of the formation of the Coir Co-operative Movement in Thiru- Cochi State (in 1950) he was associated with it as an active leader and organizer.
He was the president for over 45 years in the Thiruvallam Pachalloor Coir Vyavasaya Sahakarana Samkham.
He worked as the president of Alappuzha Central Marketing Coir Cooperative Society.
He also worked as the vice president of Kerala Coir Marketing Federation for a long time.
He was associated as the executive committee member of the National Federation of Industrial Co-operatives.
# P. W. Catanese

Paul Catanese is an American author and advertising writer that writes under the pseudonym P. W. Catanese. Catanese is best known for his Books of Umber series, which has been mostly well received. As a teenager, Catanese attended Trumbull High School in Trumbull, Connecticut, later attending the University of Connecticut and taking a job with an advertising company in Glastonbury, Connecticut.
# PCDHA12

Protocadherin alpha-12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCDHA12 gene.
This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome 5 that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined.
# PDLIM3

Actin-associated LIM protein (ALP), also known as PDZ and LIM domain protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDLIM3 gene. ALP is highly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle, where it localizes to Z-discs and intercalated discs. ALP functions to enhance the crosslinking of actin by alpha-actinin-2 and also appears to be essential for right ventricular chamber formation and contractile function.

## Structure

ALP exists primarily as two alternatively spliced variants; a 39.2 kDa (364 amino acids) protein in skeletal muscle and a 34.3 kDa (316 amino acids) protein in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. ALP has a N-terminal PDZ domain and a C-terminal LIM domain. In addition, the ALP subfamily contains a specific 34 amino acid domain named the ALP-like motif, containing protein kinase C consensus sequences. The PDZ domain of ALP binds to alpha actinin-2, specifically to its spectrin-like repeats. The PDZ domain is a motif composed of 80-120 amino acids with conserved four residue GLGF sequences that typically interact with C-termini of cytoskeletal proteins. The region of heterogeneity in the two isoforms is between the PDZ domain and LIM domain. ALP is localized to chromosome 4q35. It has been shown that deletion of muscleblind-like 1 in mice can alter the splicing pattern of PDLIM3.

## Function

Studies have shown that ALP is present at the first stage of myofibrilogenesis where it is bound to alpha actinin-2, and this association remains intact in mature myofibrils where ALP is localized to Z-discs and intercalated discs. Alpha actinin-2 is however not required for targeting ALP to Z-lines. Studies in ALP knockout mice have shown that ALP facilitates the cross-linking of actin filaments by alpha actinin-2, and absence of ALP induces abnormal right ventricular chamber formation, dysplasia and cardiomyopathy. Further studies using right ventricular epicardial systolic strain and geometric remodeling analysis in these animals unveiled that absence of ALP diminishes right ventricular contractile function and alters the pattern of cardiac hypertrophic remodeling. Two studies using integrative genomic approaches to investigate genetic modifiers of collagen deposition or intrinsic aerobic running capacity (ARC) have mapped PDLIM3 to respective quantitative trait loci, suggesting that ALP may be involved in molecular networks related to these cardiac phenomena.

## Clinical significance

Chromosome 4 pericentric inversion has been observed in 10 patients, with associated cardiac defects linked to terminal 4q35.1 deletions, which may affect PDLIM3.

## Interactions

ALP interacts with:
* Alpha-actinin-2
* Beta-catenin
# PPP1R8

Nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R8 gene.
This gene, through alternative splicing, encodes three different isoforms. Two of the protein isoforms encoded by this gene are specific inhibitors of type 1 serine/threonine protein phosphatases and can bind but not cleave RNA. The third protein isoform lacks the phosphatase inhibitory function but is a single-strand endoribonuclease comparable to RNase E of E. coli. This isoform requires magnesium for its function and cleaves specific sites in A+U-rich regions of RNA.

## Interactions

PPP1R8 has been shown to interact with PPP1CA, Histone deacetylase 2, SF3B1 EED and the EZH2 domain of PRC2.
# P. C. Thomas (politician)

P. C. Thomas (26 February 1938 – 27 May 2009) in full Pannivelil Chacko Thomas, was an Indian politician and an MLA in the Kerala Legislative Assembly. He represented Kaduthuruthy constituency in Kottayam district, Kerala.

## Life

He was the son of Mariamma and Chacko of the Pannivelil house in Eravimangalam.

## Career

He worked as a teacher and was headmaster at St. Michaels High School, Kaduthuruthy. He was elected to the 7th and 8th Kerala Legislature.
Thomas was the chairman of the Committee on Petitions (1987–1989), president of the Kaduthuruthy Panchayat, and chairman of the Block Development Committee in Kaduthuruthy.
On 27th of May 2009, Thomas died at the age of 71, he was survived by his wife, Ancy, and their two sons and daughter.
# P. C. Vanlalruata

P. C. Vanlalruata is an Indian politician from Mizoram, who is currently the Cabinet Minister for Agriculture, Irrigation & Water Resources Cooperation Department for the Government of Mizoram.
He was elected to the Mizoram Legislative Assembly for the Tuikum Assembly constituency in the 2023 general election as a candidate for the Zoram People's Movement.

## Education

P. C. Vanlalruata completed his Post Graduate in MA (Economics) from North-Eastern Hill University in 1999.
# PHN (disambiguation)

PHN is an acronym used for postherpetic neuralgia, a neuropathic pain.
PHN may also refer to:
* North Philadelphia station (Amtrak station code)
* Spanish National Water Plan (Plan Hidrológico Nacional); see Water supply and sanitation in Spain
* Phoenician language (ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 codes)
* p-Hydroxynorephedrine, an analog of norephedrine
* St. Clair County International Airport (IATA and FAA LID codes)
* Public Health Nurse
# PQ-14

PQ 14 can refer to :
* Convoy PQ 14, an Arctic convoy of the Second World War
* Culver PQ-14, an American light aircraft of the 1940s
# Tempietto di San Fedelino sul Lago Mezzola

The Tempietto di San Fedelino', also known as the Oratorio di San Fedele, is a 10th to 11th-century small, Roman Catholic sanctuary or church, located in a remote rural site Via San Fedelino near Novate Mezzola, at the south shore of the River Mera where it feeds Lake Mezzola, province of Sondrio, region of Lombardy, Italy. The small church is made of local stone and has a rounded apse. It still retains some 11th-century frescoes. The frescoes resemble those from the apse of the church of San Vincenzo in Galliano (circa 1004–1007).
46°12′53″N 9°26′23″E﻿ / ﻿46.21472°N 9.43972°E﻿ / 46.21472; 9.43972
# Yang Xiong

Yang Xiong may refer to:
* Yang Xiong (author) (揚雄; 53 BCE – 18 CE), Chinese Taoist, poet, and author of the Han dynasty
* Yang Xiong (politician) (杨雄; 1953–2021), mayor of Shanghai
* Yang Xiong (Water Margin) (楊雄), fictional character in the 14th-century novel Water Margin
# Macrozafra

Macrozafra is a genus of dove snails.

## Species

* Macrozafra cophinodes (Suter, 1908)
* Macrozafra enwrighti Powell, 1940
* Macrozafra mariae Powell, 1940
* Macrozafra nodicincta (Suter, 1899)
* Macrozafra subabnormis(Suter, 1899)
* Macrozafra vivens (Powell, 1934)
# Martin Sarter

Martin Sarter is the Charles M. Butter Collegiate Professor of Psychology and Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Michigan. He has been co-editor-in-chief of the European Journal of Neuroscience (EJN).
He is married to Nadine Sarter, the Richard W. Pew Collegiate Professor of Industrial & Operations Engineering at the University of Michigan.
# Schoenenbourg (grand cru)

The Alsatian Grand Cru vineyard Schoenenbourg (French pronunciation:) is situated north of the village Riquewihr. The vineyard faces south and south-east on the steep hill Schoenenbourg. The altitude of the vines are between 265 and 380 meters and covers 53.4 ha og Keuper subsoil with marl, gypsum and dolomite.

## History

Viticulture at Schoenenbourg goes back hundreds of years. The philosopher Voltaire owned vineyards at the site and the wine from Schoenenbourg was admired throughout northern Europe.
While the Grand Cru designation was being developed in the 1970s, Schoenenbourg was not to wear those laurels until a decree in 1992.

## Varietals

Schoenenbourg is planted mainly with Riesling, Muscat and Pinot gris

## Wine Styles

Schoenenbourg is home to both dry wines, late harvested "Vendanges Tardives" and the noble sweet wines called Selection de Grains Nobles

## Producers

Hugel & Fils Marcel Deiss Dopff au Moulin Dopff & Irion Domaine Charles Sparr Domaine Bott Geyl Domaine Agapé
# Kiribati at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics

Kiribati participated at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 6 October to 18 October 2018.

## Athletics

Kiribati was given a quota for a female sprinter, Darina McDermott.
| Athlete | Event | Stage 1 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 2 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Darina McDermott | Girls' 100 metres | 14.87 | 39 | 14.19 | 37 | 29.06 | 37 |

## Rowing

Kiribati qualified one boat based on its performance at the Oceania Youth Olympic Games Qualification event.
* Boys' single sculls - 1 athlete, Martin Tamoaieta.

## Weightlifting

Kiribati was given a quota by the tripartite committee to compete in weightlifting, but the KNOC did not select an athlete from Kiribati.
* Boys' events - 1 quota (not used)
# Vercel

Vercel Inc., formerly ZEIT, is an American cloud platform as a service company. The company maintains the Next.js web development framework.
Vercel's architecture is built around composable architecture, and deployments are handled through Git repositories, the Vercel CLI, or the Vercel REST API. Vercel is a member of the MACH Alliance.

## History

Vercel was founded by Guillermo Rauch in 2015 as ZEIT. Rauch had previously created the realtime event-driven communication library Socket.IO. ZEIT was rebranded to Vercel in April 2020, although retained the company's triangular logo.
In June 2021, Vercel raised $102 million in a Series C funding round. As of May 2024, the company is valued at $3.25 billion.

### Acquisitions

On December 9, 2021, Vercel acquired Turborepo.
On October 25, 2022, Vercel acquired Splitbee.

## Architecture

Deployments through Vercel are handled through Git repositories, with support for GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket repositories. Deployments are automatically given a subdomain under the vercel.app domain, although Vercel offers support for custom domains for deployments.
Vercel's infrastructure uses Amazon Web Services and Cloudflare.

## Reception

Vercel's clientele includes Airbnb, Uber, GitHub, Nike, Ticketmaster, Carhartt, IBM, and McDonald's.
# VXL

VXL, the Vision-something-Library, is a large collection of open source C++ libraries for computer vision. The idea of the naming is to replace X with one of many letters to obtain the smaller library names, i.e. G (VGL) is a geometry library, N (VNL) is a numerics library, I (VIL) is an image processing library, etc. These libraries can be used for general scientific computing as well as computer vision. Some examples of usage can be seen online.
VXL is a larger-scale software engineering project with roots dating back to traditional computer vision environments from the 1990s, having libraries at multiple levels of complexities, many of them listing OpenCV as one of many dependencies. A similar approach at an even larger scale is taken by Kitware's KWIVER. VXL core libraries are extremely stable and have been used in larger projects, both public and within companies, notably ITK.