OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ust-Tsilma

Ust-Tsilma (Russian: Усть-Ци́льма, Komi: Чилимдін, Ćilimdïn) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ust-Tsilemsky District of the Komi Republic, Russia, located where the Tsilma River enters the Pechora River. Population: 4,877 (2010 Census); 5,081 (2002 Census); 5,344 (1989 Soviet census).

## Transportation

It is served by the Ust-Tsilma Airport.

## Climate

Ust-Tsilma has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc). Winters are very cold with average temperatures from −20.7 to −13.2 °C (−5.3 to 8.2 °F) in January, while summers are mild with average temperatures from +11.0 to +20.9 °C (51.8 to 69.6 °F). Precipitation is moderate and is somewhat higher in summer than at other times of the year.
Climate data for Ust-Tsilma :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) | 3.6 (38.5) | 12.1 (53.8) | 24.1 (75.4) | 32.2 (90.0) | 32.7 (90.9) | 33.6 (92.5) | 32.3 (90.1) | 26.1 (79.0) | 18.9 (66.0) | 9.2 (48.6) | 3.8 (38.8) | 33.6 (92.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −12.7 (9.1) | −11.1 (12.0) | −3.5 (25.7) | 3.3 (37.9) | 10.6 (51.1) | 17.4 (63.3) | 21.0 (69.8) | 16.7 (62.1) | 10.9 (51.6) | 2.5 (36.5) | −5.4 (22.3) | −9.5 (14.9) | 3.4 (38.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −16.3 (2.7) | −14.8 (5.4) | −8.0 (17.6) | −1.5 (29.3) | 5.2 (41.4) | 11.8 (53.2) | 15.5 (59.9) | 12.0 (53.6) | 7.1 (44.8) | 0.2 (32.4) | −8.2 (17.2) | −12.7 (9.1) | −0.8 (30.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −19.8 (−3.6) | −18.4 (−1.1) | −12.0 (10.4) | −5.6 (21.9) | 0.9 (33.6) | 7.3 (45.1) | 10.8 (51.4) | 8.2 (46.8) | 4.1 (39.4) | −2.0 (28.4) | −11.0 (12.2) | −16.0 (3.2) | −4.5 (24.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −51.1 (−60.0) | −46.7 (−52.1) | −43.8 (−46.8) | −33.3 (−27.9) | −20.3 (−4.5) | −6.8 (19.8) | −0.1 (31.8) | −6.4 (20.5) | −11.2 (11.8) | −25.7 (−14.3) | −43.4 (−46.1) | −51.5 (−60.7) | −51.5 (−60.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 35.3 (1.39) | 26.4 (1.04) | 27.4 (1.08) | 29.0 (1.14) | 44.0 (1.73) | 64.5 (2.54) | 61.7 (2.43) | 71.4 (2.81) | 63.6 (2.50) | 61.4 (2.42) | 43.5 (1.71) | 38.1 (1.50) | 566.3 (22.29) |
| Average rainy days | 1 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 16 | 19 | 19 | 22 | 23 | 16 | 5 | 2 | 136 |
| Average snowy days | 24 | 21 | 21 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 21 | 25 | 141 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82 | 81 | 77 | 69 | 66 | 66 | 73 | 80 | 84 | 87 | 86 | 84 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 10 | 52 | 115 | 194 | 230 | 275 | 277 | 178 | 95 | 43 | 14 | 5 | 1,488 |
| Source 1: pogoda.ru.net ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (sun only, 1961-1990) ||||||||||||||
# Tetragonoderus matilei

Tetragonoderus matilei is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It was described by Ball in 2000.
# Steam generator (boiler)

A steam generator is a form of low water-content boiler, similar to a flash steam boiler. The usual construction is as a spiral coil of water-tube, arranged as a single, or monotube, coil. Circulation is once-through and pumped under pressure, as a forced-circulation boiler. The narrow-tube construction, without any large-diameter drums or tanks, means that they are safe from the effects of explosion, even if worked at high pressures. The pump flowrate is adjustable, according to the quantity of steam required at that time. The burner output is throttled to maintain a constant working temperature. The burner output required varies according to the quantity of water being evaporated: this can be either adjusted by open-loop control according to the pump throughput, or by a closed-loop control to maintain the measured temperature.
They are used as auxiliary boilers on ships.

## Types
### Stone-Vapor

One of the best-known designs is the Stone-Vapor. The inner casing of the boiler forms a vertical bell, with an outer airtight cylindrical casing. The oil or gas burner is mounted at the top, above the coils, and facing downwards. The heating element is a single tube, arranged into a number of helical cylinders. The first helices (in the flow direction) are small-diameter tubes, wrapped in large diameter turns. Succeeding turns are coiled inside this and the tube is of progressively increasing diameter, to allow for a constant flow rate as the water evaporates into steam and forms bubbles. The steam outlet is from the final turn at the bottom of the inner helix. The outlet is approximately 90% steam (by mass) and residual water is separated by passing it through a steam-water separator. The exhaust gases turn upwards and flow over the outside of the bell, usually passing additional helices that are used as an initial feedwater heater.

### Clayton

The Clayton steam generator is similar to the Stone-Vapor, but the burner and flow directions are reversed. The heating coil is mounted within a simple cylindrical casing. Rather than helical, cylindrical layers, the Clayton coils are arranged as layers of flat spirals. Water is pumped into the top layers and forced downwards. Again, the tube diameter increases in steps, as evaporation takes place. The final turns form a single closely spaced helical cylinder around the burner as a water-wall furnace and is heated by radiant heat. The steam output is passed through a centrifugal separator and a dry steam quality of 99.5% is claimed.
# Lionel D'Ade

Lionel Smythe D'Ade (c. 1875 in Trinidad – unknown) was a West Indian cricketer who toured with the first West Indian touring side to England in 1900.

## Biography

He made his debut in important matches for Trinidad against British Guiana in the 1895-96 Inter-Colonial Tournament. In 1896-97 he played for Trinidad against both Lord Hawke's team and Priestley's side as well as representing the combined West Indies against Priestley's XI. He impressed with 55 against Lord Hawke and then 140* against Priestley, an innings in which he went in at 7-1 and took the score from 148-8 and 178-9 to 284 all out with help from Float Woods and Stephen Rudder.
He was described before the 1900 tour as "Not now up to his usual form; steady bat and good field". However he "did little or nothing until the very end of the tour". He played just twice in the first ten games scoring only 10 runs. His one substantial innings was 68* in the very last match against Norfolk.
Returning from the 1900 tour to England he played a number of matches for Trinidad and was chosen for the combined West Indies team against Bennett's side in 1901-02 but scored just 0 and 9. His final first class matches were for Trinidad against a weak Jamaica side in 1905. He was never able to repeat the impressive performances of 1896-97.
# Iftikhar Ahamd Hussain Gilani

Iftikhar Ahamd Hussain Gilani (1936–2000) was a Pakistani Sufi mystic of silsala Aliya Qadria & Sajjada Nasheen Dargah-e-Hazrat Mehboob-e-Zat Mundair Syeddan Sharif Sialkot.
The shrine of the Gilani, as well as his father Ahmad Hussain Gilani Qadri, (1898–1961) are situated at Mundair Kalan.
* This Pakistani religion-related biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This biographical article about a person notable in connection with Islam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# The Sad Variety

The Sad Variety is a 1964 thriller novel written by the Anglo-Irish writer Cecil Day-Lewis, written under the pen name of Nicholas Blake. It is the fifteenth and penultimate entry into the series featuring the private detective Nigel Strangeways. It marked a move away from the murder mysteries of the earlier novels into the then-fashionable spy novel genre.

## Synopsis

Strangeways is called in by the Security Service to protect a professor, whose recent discovery makes him a target for Soviet intelligence, and his daughter. The action takes place in a country hotel in wintery Dorset.
# Wildwood Days

"Wildwood Days" is a song released by Bobby Rydell in 1963.
Rydell's version spent 9 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 17, while reaching No. 14 in Australia, and No. 21 on Canada's CHUM Hit Parade.

## Background

The subject of the song is Wildwood, New Jersey, a city famous for its nightlife, which was a popular location for rock and roll performances at the time the song was recorded. It eventually became the official anthem of the city, and is played on the boardwalk's stereo system routinely. The song was also featured in commercials for Wildwood. A mural on the Wildwood boardwalk (painted in 2014) honors Rydell whose song put the community into the national spotlight.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1963) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 17 |
| Australia - Music Maker | 14 |
| Canada - CHUM Hit Parade | 21 |

## Cover versions

* In 1966, Bobby Curtola released a version of the song, which reached No. 36 on Canada's "RPM 100".
# Sympycnus desoutteri

Sympycnus desoutteri is a species of fly in the family Dolichopodidae. It is found in the Palearctic.
# Pfaffenhausen

Pfaffenhausen is a municipality in the district of Unterallgäu in Bavaria, Germany. The town is seat of a municipal association with Breitenbrunn, Swabia, Oberrieden, Bavaria and Salgen.
# Kesikköprü, Pazar

Kesikköprü is a village in the Pazar District, Rize Province, in Black Sea Region of Turkey. Its population is 450 (2021).

## History

According to list of villages in Laz language book (2009), name of the village is Xudisa. Most villagers are ethnically Laz.

## Geography

The village is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away from Pazar.
# Statue of José Gervasio Artigas, Mexico City

The statue of José Gervasio Artigas is installed in Mexico City's Plaza Uruguay, in Mexico. The sculpture is made of bronze.
# Lionel Crawfurd

Lionel Payne Crawfurd (1864–1934) was the second Suffragan Bishop of Stafford.
Educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, he was ordained in 1890 and began his career with a curacy at St Cuthbert’s Gateshead. He was then successively Vice Principal of Leeds Clergy School, Bishop's Chaplain in Adelaide, and Secretary of the Home Missionary Society. In June 1902 he was asked to return to Gateshead as Vicar, and was then incumbent at Ramsgate and Ashford, Kent, before ascending to the Episcopate in 1915, a post he held for 19 years. A deeper thinker his Times obituary described him as “a kind, approachable man with a deep love of the countryside".
# Jean-Yves Jaffray

Jean-Yves Jaffray (1939–2009) was a French mathematician and economist who made influential contributions in the fields of decision theory and mathematical statistics. He pioneered methods in decision theory such as linear utility theory for belief functions, bridging the gap between expected utility and the maximin rule by using subjective probability to encompass belief functions.
# Nourard-le-Franc

Nourard-le-Franc (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
# Wildwood Elementary School

Wildwood Elementary School may refer to:
* Wildwood Elementary School (British Columbia), in British Columbia, Canada
* Wildwood Elementary School (California), in Piedmont, California, USA
* Wildwood Elementary School, in the Conejo Valley Unified School District, Thousand Oaks, California
# Pethampalayam

Pethampalayam, also known as Peddampalayam, is a panchayat town in Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Pethampalayam had a population of 7,132. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Pethampalayam has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 38%. In Pethampalayam, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Manniophyton

Manniophyton is a genus of lianas of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) described as a genus in 1864. It contains only one known species, Manniophyton fulvum, native to tropical western and central Africa from Guinea to Angola. It is dioecious.

## Formerly included

moved to Crotonogyne
# Isenring

Isenring is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Frederick G. Isenring (1854–?), American politician and businessman
* Johann Baptist Isenring (1796–1860), Swiss painter and printer
# Peter H. Byers

Peter H. Byers is an American geneticist, physician, and researcher of connective tissue disorders. He is a professor of medicine, a professor of pathology, and an adjunct professor of genome sciences at the University of Washington.

## Biography

Byers graduated from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in 1974. He then trained at the University of Washington School of Medicine as a fellow in medical genetics and biochemistry before joining the faculty in 1977. He has remained at the University of Washington through the duration of his career.

## Career

Byers' research has involved understanding mutations in the gene encoding collagen their impact on human diseases involving connective tissue. He is considered a leading expert on human connective tissue disorders.
In addition to identifying specific genes and mutations underlying various connective tissue disorders, Byers' work established parental mosaicism as an underlying cause that genetically dominant disorders could be born to parents who were unaffected by such diseases.
Byers helped to found the field of molecular genetic pathology, and has had leadership roles in multiple professional organizations relevant to that discipline.

## Awards

* March of Dimes/Colonel Harland Sanders Award for lifetime achievement in the field of genetic sciences
* Victor A. McKusick Leadership Award
# Lionel Cripps

The Hon. Lionel Cripps, CMG (11 October 1863 – 3 February 1950), was the first Speaker of the Southern Rhodesian Legislative Assembly.
Born in Simla, India, and educated in England, he was the son of a General in the Bengal Staff Corps. Cripps moved to South Africa in 1879, where he took up farming. In 1890, Cripps served as a trooper in A Troop of the Pioneer Column that occupied Mashonaland before prospecting in the Mazoe district and eventually settling near Umtali to farm tobacco. In doing so, he became the first farmer in Rhodesia to raise tobacco as a commercial crop. There he represented farmers in the region as head of a "vigilance committee", raising their grievances with Cecil Rhodes and demanding political rights within Rhodesia.
On 6 April 1893, he married Mary Lovemore in Cape Town. Together, they had four sons (Lionel, Hereward, Harold, and Derick) and one daughter, Angela.
In 1903, Cripps helped established and led the influential Rhodesian Agricultural Union (RAU), a body representing settler farmers. He attempted to parlay his stature in the community into a political career, unsuccessfully contesting Eastern Constituency in the 1911 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election before his election to the Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council in 1914. Re-elected in 1920, Cripps was elected the inaugural speaker of the Legislative Assembly in 1923.
Upon his retirement from politics in 1935, Cripps helped establish the National Archives and served as a member of the Historical Monuments Commission and developed a passion for Rock art, making copies of all known rock art in Rhodesia. Many of his reproductions of rock paintings and drawings are archived at the University of Zimbabwe's Archaeological Unit and an academic study of his work, entitled Immortalising the Past - Reproductions of Zimbabwean Rock Art by Lionel Cripps, was released in 2007.
Cripps died in Umtali, Southern Rhodesia.

## Sources

* Cooke, CK (1965) "Evidence of Human Migrations from the Rock Art of Southern Rhodesia", Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 35, No. 3.
# Schwabenkriegschroniken

The Schwabenkriegschroniken (chronicles of the Swabian War) are a series of independent accounts written in Switzerland in or shortly after 1499 and recording the history of the war. The main texts are:
* Kaspar Frey, Schwabenkriegschronik - St. Gallen, 1499
* Acta des Tyrolerkriegs - Graubünden, 1499
* Ulrich Huber, Wiler Chronik des Schwabenkriegs - Wil (St. Gallen), 1499
* Hans (Johann) Lenz, Schwabenkriegschronik - Saanen, 1499
* Basler Schwabenkriegschronik - Basel, post-1504
* Berner Chronik des Schwabenkriegs - Bern, 1500/1510
* Zürcher Schwabenkriegschronik - Zürich, ca 1501/03
# Jeffery Smith (musician)

Jeffery Smith (14 September 1955 – 2012) was a baritone jazz vocal recording artist, perhaps best known for his albums on Verve, among them his distinctive debut release produced by Shirley Horn, and his self-produced records, including Down Here Below and A Little Sweeter, which was praised in a full page review in TIME as being "the most vital album of the year".
Jeffery Smith's musical career included two world tours and four albums with the Claude Bolling Big Band, performances at Jazz at Lincoln Center with Wynton Marsalis and the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra, in tribute to Louis Armstrong, and collaborations with a wide variety of artists including Dianne Reeves, Kenny Barron, Regina Carter, Joe Lovano, Dee Dee Bridgewater and TK Blue. Smith was also the founder and director of Tri-Loxodonta Productions, a not-for-profit music organization cultivating jazz in upstate New York.
At age 17 moved from New York to San Diego where he spent fifteen years. He worked in theater and television at the time. He moved back to New York in 1983 He moved to Paris, France in September 1991 wanting to change his life.

## Discography

* Ramona with Shirley Horn (Gitane/Verve, 1995)
* A Little Sweeter (Verve, 1997)
* Down Here Below (Verve, 1999)
# Seal of Charlotte, North Carolina

The Seal of Charlotte was first established during the tenure of mayor Charles A. Bland, and was designed over a period stretching from 1911 to 1915. It was adopted on the city's first flag in 1929, which still remains in use today. This seal itself was rescinded at an unknown date and replaced with the present one. It is used to authorize executive documents from the city, including, but not limited to, mayoral proclamations and resolutions from the Charlotte City Council.

## Description and meaning
### Original seal

Symbolizing growth is a tree in the center, with rays radiating from behind it, symbolizing hope for the future. Hanging on the tree is a hornet's nest, a Revolutionary War-era symbol, symbolizing the role the city played during the time period. This is explained in a pamphlet produced by the city, reading:
   ... in the American Revolution, her citizens fought so fiercely that a British general compared being in Charlotte to being in a hornet’s nest.
More symbolism related to the era can be found within on seal, with a Liberty Cap present, hanging on the tree besides the nest. Beneath the tree are two hands clasped. The date "1775" is found below the hands, the year the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence was supposedly adopted, a year before the Continental Congress adopted their declaration.

### Golden seal

The second iteration of the seal was much simpler in design, simply featuring the city's service mark atop a golden seal. On official documents, a green ribbon is typically found below it. The crown references the city's nickname of The Queen City, which references its namesake, Queen Charlotte. It also represents unity of the city's agencies as they work in unison for the good of its residents.
Based on the adoption of the crown logo in 1985 with the current flags, it is possible the golden seal could have been adopted at that time as well, however, this is unknown, and city archives from the era do not depict any seal.

### Current seal

The current seal consists of a white circle with several design elements on top of it. In the center, the city's crown logo can be found, encircled by a golden wreath. Between the two branches reads "NORTH CAROLINA", and below the crown reads "1775", the year of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. These symbols are inside a golden circle, which is surrounded by text reading "CITY OF CHARLOTTE" at the top, and "REGINA CIVITATEM" in Latin, translating to "Queen City" in English, a nickname of Charlotte. There is a final golden circle surrounding the text.

## Use

The custodian of the seal is Charlotte's city clerk, who keeps it and all records and official documents bearing the seal. The City Clerk uses the corporate seal of Charlotte to certify that city records are authentic, exact reproductions of the originals.
# William Caine

William Caine may refer to:
* William Caine (Hong Kong) (1799–1871), Colonial Secretary and acting Governor of Hong Kong
* William Sproston Caine (1842–1903), British politician and Temperance advocate
* William Caine (author) (1873–1925), British novelist
* L. William Caine, college football coach
# São Miguel Paulista

São Miguel Paulista may refer to:
* Subprefecture of São Miguel Paulista, a subprefectures of the city of São Paulo, Brazil
* São Miguel Paulista (district of São Paulo)
* Roman Catholic Diocese of São Miguel Paulista, a diocese in the district of São Miguel Paulista
# Petherbridge

Petherbridge is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alan Petherbridge (born 1927), athlete
* Edward Petherbridge (born 1936), English actor, writer and artist
* George Petherbridge (1927–2013), football player
* Louise Petherbridge (born 1931), New Zealand actor, director, deviser, producer and lecturer
* Mary Petherbridge (1870–1940), English indexer and founder of the Secretarial Bureau
* Thomas Topham Petherbridge, land owner
# Uusi tietosanakirja

Uusi tietosanakirja may refer to:
* Uusi tietosanakirja (1929), Finnish encyclopedia
* Uusi tietosanakirja (1960), Finnish encyclopedia
# Terky

Terky may refer to:
# Linwood, United Kingdom

Linwood, United Kingdom may refer to:
* Linwood, Hampshire, England
* Linwood, Lincolnshire, England
* Linwood, Renfrewshire, Scotland
# Il Caffè

Il Caffè (Italian, 'The Coffeehouse') was magazine headquartered in Milan between 1764 and 1766. It was the most significant publication of the Enlightenment period in the country.

## History and profile

Il Caffè was first published in June 1764. To evade Austrian censorship, the magazine was printed in Brescia (then belonging to the Republic of Venice). The original run consisted of 74 numbers. These were collected into two volumes. Founded by the brothers Pietro and Alessandro Verri, Il Caffè came out every ten days from June 1764 to May 1766. It was influenced by the thought of the French philosophes and exerted a notable influence on contemporary Italian culture and political life. Consciously evoking Addison's and Steele's Spectator, the journal shared with the English paper a use of irony as a weapon against contemporary morals and customs, but was imbued with a more immediate political purpose.
The articles dealt with a wide range of subjects, from natural history to medicine, philosophy, music, ethics, law, and literature, all expounding the same theme: the need for social, economic, and political reform. A notable contributor to Il Caffè was the philosopher and economist Cesare Beccaria, author of the influential treatise Dei delitti e delle pene (1764; On Crimes and Punishments). Among its other contributors were the economists Gian Rinaldo Carli, Carlo Sebastiano Franci and Alfonso Longo, the mathematician Paolo Frisi, the polymath Roger Joseph Boscovich and the optician François de Baillou. Il Caffè was lambasted by Baretti, but it gained favor all over Europe. The magazine was folded in May 1766 due to disputes between Verri and Beccaria.
# Seal of Cagayan

The Seal of Cagayan is the official seal of the Philippine province of Cagayan. The seal was adopted in 1917.

## Description

The yellow and gold color portion of the seal symbolizes the wealth of the province. The blue color represents justice, honor, nobility of the people, their sincerity and traditional peaceful ways. The blue portion of shield resembling a chief combined with a pale represents the Cagayan River with the two divided portions representing the two original congressional districts of Cagayan. The small islands on the top portion of the shield represent the islands found on the northern part of the province. The major agricultural crops of Cagayan such as tobacco, rice, corn and peanuts are represented by the plant facsimile.