OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Sahre

Paul Sahre (born 1964) is an American graphic designer. He has designed book covers and created numerous illustration for The New York Times.

## Biography

Sahre (pronounced say-er) was born in Johnson City in upstate New York, and received his BFA and MFA degrees from Kent State University. He established New York City based office, Office of Paul Sahre, in 1997 and the office sits above a Dunkin' Donuts on the corner of 6th Avenue and 14th Street in Manhattan.
Sahre's designs for book covers are well-known and includes series by the authors Rick Moody, Ernest Hemingway and Chuck Klosterman. He is a frequent contributor of illustrations to The New York Times, and designed the typeface Fur in 1994. Sahre has also provided illustrations for The Atlantic and Newsweek. Sahre has collaborated with alternative rock band They Might Be Giants on multiple occasions; his work on their album Book earned him and the band a Grammy nomination for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package.
Sahre teaches graphic design at the School of Visual Arts in New York City.

## Personal life

Sahre is married to Emily Oberman, designer and partner at Pentagram. They have two sons.
# Pax Volumi

Pax Volumi is a 2013 studio album by the Youngblood Brass Band, which saw the return of sousaphonist Nat McIntosh to the band. The album was also the band's first released under its new label, UK-based Tru Thoughts.

## Track listing

* "20 Questions"
* "Cite the Line"
* "Whiskey Tango Foxtrot"
* "A Gust Inside the God"
* "The Plank Will Nod, and You Will Go"
* "Ê la ê"
* "Overtime"
* "Erik Owen"
* "Wrestlevania"
* "Ain't Nobody"
* "The Old Rugged Cross/His Eye Is on the Sparrow"
* "Third Half"
# Paypayrola

Paypayrola is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Violaceae.
Its native range is Central and Southern Tropical America.
Nine species are accepted.
* Paypayrola arenacea Aymard & G.A.Romero
* Paypayrola blanchetiana Tul.
* Paypayrola bordenavei (H.E.Ballard & Munzinger) Byng & Christenh.
* Paypayrola confertiflora Tul.
* Paypayrola grandiflora Tul.
* Paypayrola guianensis Aubl.
* Paypayrola hulkiana Pulle
* Paypayrola longifolia Tul.
* Paypayrola panamensis H.E.Ballard
# Paynter's Cross

Paynter's Cross is a hamlet on the A388 main road southeast of St Mellion in southeast Cornwall, England, UK.
# Peanut Monument

Peanut Monument may refer to:
* State Peanut Monument (List of Georgia state symbols) in Turner County, Georgia on the west side of Interstate Highway 75 within the limits of the city of Ashburn, Georgia
* Peanut Monument at the Dothan, Alabama Visitor Information Center, proclaiming Dothan as the "Peanut Capital of the World"
# Pearl River Resort

Pearl River Resort is a gaming resort located in Choctaw, Neshoba County, Mississippi. It is owned and operated by the federally recognized Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. The resort includes two casinos, Silver Star Hotel & Casino and Golden Moon Hotel & Casino; a Dancing Rabbit Inn near the casinos; Dancing Rabbit Golf Club, an award-winning golf course designed by Jerry Pate; Geyser Falls Water Theme Park; and a spa.
These casinos are the only Native American gaming facilities in the state of Mississippi, as the Mississippi Choctaw are the only federally recognized tribe in the state. When approved for opening in 2000, these were the only casinos in the state approved for land-based structures. At the time, by state law other gaming activity was limited to riverboats or floating structures on the rivers or Gulf Coast. In the aftermath of extensive damage to waterfront gaming on the Gulf Coast from Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the state legislature changed some of its rules related to private gaming facilities.

## History

The first casino, Silver Star, opened in 1994 on tribal lands near Philadelphia, Mississippi. The tribe had the Golden Moon constructed directly across the road in 2002. Golden Moon features a curving hotel structure that rises to a globe-shaped top. The Mississippi Choctaw are the only federally recognized tribe in the state and thus the only tribe authorized to operate a gaming facility on its reservation lands.
In reaction to a downturn in the economy, in January 2009 Tribal Miko Beasley Denson announced that the Golden Moon would reduce its hours, to operate on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays only. The tribe laid off 570 workers, none of whom was a tribal member. In addition to the recession affecting its business, the facility had to compete with a new gaming facility in Alabama developed by the federally recognized Poarch Band of Creek Indians.
The Mississippi Choctaw invested some $71 million in renovations to the casino and hotel to increase its appeal. After reopening the Golden Moon in January 2015, the tribe said that it employed some 2400 to 3000 workers in total at its facilities, the majority of whom are tribal members. Their hiring increases to satisfy seasonal demand in the busy summer months. The number of visitors increases with people drawn to the resort water park and to play golf.
# Pearl Island

Pearl Island may refer to:
* Mikimoto Pearl Island in Japan
* Pearl Island (Hong Kong)
* Pearl Island (Washington)
* The Pearl-Qatar
* Pearl Island, a small island of New Zealand
* An alternative name of Perl Island, Alaska
# Peasant mentality

The concept of peasant mentality constitutes a widespread traditional characterisation of peasantry, often a disparaging one.
Peasants as a class predominated numerically in most agricultural societies from the time when the Neolithic agricultural revolution took hold until the early modern period. But rulers, movers and shakers tended to come from different social classes, and historiography and social analysis became the preserve of a largely non-peasant social intelligentsia. "Official" attitudes to peasants sometimes scorn them and dismiss their importance as the basis of pre-modern civilisations. Hence the cliché of "the peasant mentality, with its inherent conservatism and apathy towards change".
Richard Stites paints a brighter picture of (for example) Russian peasantry pre-1917:
   There certainly was no single peasant mentality ..., but several modes of thought can be identified as peasant, folk, or popular utopia. The peasant village was a world, a system of action, an arena of play, and a unit of moral obligation. Inside the unit, equity, fairness, and charity were supposed to prevail; equality referred to a clear belief that natural resources (water, woodlands, game, meadows) ought to be free for the use of all.
Traces may intrude here of the idealised alternative view of peasant life, fostered by art and literature as a contrast to urban corruption. The romantic pastoral image of peasant existence, dating from at least Hesiod and continuing through Virgil and Rousseau to the concept of the sturdy yeoman, would have peasant mentality as simple, yet genuine, emotional and loving, and idealised as bucolic.
# Pelophylax demarchii

Pelophylax demarchii is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is only known from its unspecific type locality, Eritrea. Its taxonomic status is unclear. Common name Eritrea pond frog has been coined for it.

## Etymology

The specific name demarchii honours Marco De Marchi [it], an Italian naturalist, hydrobiologist, industrialist, and philanthropist.

## Taxonomy

Pelophylax demarchii was described by Italian herpetologist Giuseppe Scortecci [fr] based on two syntypes, of which one is lost. It is uncertain whether it is a valid species; it most closely resembles Pelophylax ridibundus and might be its synonym.

## Habitat and conservation

Ecological requirements, distribution, and current population status of this species are unknown. Consequently, it is listed as "data deficient" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
# Swamp antechinus

The swamp antechinus (Antechinus minimus), also known as the little Tasmanian marsupial mouse, is a species of shrew-like marsupial of the family Dasyuridae and as such is related to dunnarts, quolls and the Tasmanian devil.

## Taxonomy

The swamp antechinus was first described in 1803 (the first of all the antechinuses) by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, who placed it in the genus Dasyurus (quolls), hence its species name minimus, which means "smallest".
There are two recognised subspecies of the Swamp Antechinus:
* A. m. minimus, found in Tasmania and Bass Strait;
* A. m. maritimus, found on the mainland; this subspecies is declining and is classed as near threatened.

## Habitat and distribution

The area inhabited by the subspecies A. m. maritimus is in the south of the central highlands, Wimmera and Alpine areas of Victoria and the extreme south of South Australia around Mount Gambier. For the nominate subspecies A. m. minimus, the range is Tasmania, including Sunday Island, King Island and Flinders Island.
The habitat for all subspecies is closed heath, wet dense heath, open forest, open heath, swampy drainages and tussock grassland with bracken and sedge growth.

## Breeding and social habits

The species is nocturnal and partly diurnal or active at night and daytime, whether it is crepuscular is not known. The species breeds during May–July and gives birth in July–August after 28–32 days gestation to 6–8 joeys. In the inland areas, mating occurs one month earlier, but the reason is not known. Few females survive a second year and all males do not live long past the mating period (Wilson et al. 1986).

## Diet

The swamp antechinus is an insectivorous forager in soil habitats similar to the dusky antechinus.
# Volvarina maya

Volvarina maya is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.
# Sikonge District

Sikonge District is one of the seven districts of the Tabora Region of Tanzania. The town of Sikonge is the administrative seat. The district has an area of 27,873 square kilometres (10,762 sq mi), but 26,834 square kilometres (10,361 sq mi) of it is in forest and game reserves. It is bordered to the northwest by Urambo District, to the north by Uyui District, to the east by Manyoni District of Singida Region, to the south by Chunya District of Mbeya Region, and to the southwest by Mlele District of Katavi Region.
As of 2002, the population of Sikonge District was 133,388.
According to the 2012 Tanzania National Census, the population of Sikonge District was 179,883. By 2022, the population had increased to 335,686.

## History

Sikonge District was gazetted in July 1996, but didn't officially start to function as a district until 1997. The area had previously been the Sikonge Division of Tabora District.

## Transport

Unpaved Trunk road T8 from Tabora to Mbeya passes through the district. At the village of Ipole unpaved trunk road T23 to Mpanda branches off.
The Tanzanian Central Line train - from Dar es Salaam to Kigoma - passes through a small portion of the northern part of the district.

## Administrative divisions

Sikonge District is administratively divided into two divisions, Sikonge Division and Kiwere Division. Its eleven wards encompass the town of Sikonge, fifty-two villages and 230 hamlets. Sikonge District has a single electoral constituency, Sikonge Constituency, and thus only one member in the National Assembly.
As of 2012, Sikonge District was administratively divided into 17 wards.

### Wards

* Chabutwa
* Igigwa
* Ipole
* Kaloleli
* Kiloli
* Kipanga
* Kipili
* Kisanga
* Kitunda
* Misheni
* Mole
* Mpombwee
* Ngoywa
* Pangale
* Sikonge
* Tutuo
* Usunga
# Mark Delaney (canoeist)

Mark Delaney (born 13 July 1964 in Cambridge) is a British whitewater slalom canoeist who competed from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s. He won two medals in the C1 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a silver in 1993 and a bronze in 1991. He also has a bronze from the same event from the 1998 European Championships in Roudnice nad Labem.
Delaney also competed in two Summer Olympic Games, earning his best finish of 14th in the C1 event in Atlanta in 1996.
He also won a bronze medal at the 1995 World Cup race in Tacen.
Working for British Canoe Union World Class from Nottingham as a Performance Canoe Coach he's had numerous successes with C2 and C1 paddlers, most significantly as the personal coach to David Florence, Silver Beijing Olympic Games 2008.

## World Cup individual podiums

| Season | Date | Venue | Position | Event |
| 1995 | 2 Jul 1995 | Tacen | 3rd | C1 |
# Parkland formula

The Parkland formula, also known as Baxter formula, is a burn formula developed by Charles R. Baxter, used to estimate the amount of replacement fluid required for the first 24 hours in a burn patient so as to ensure the patient is hemodynamically stable. The milliliter amount of fluid required for the first 24 hours – usually Lactated Ringer's – is four times the product of the body weight and the burn percentage (i.e. body surface area affected by burns). The first half of the fluid is given within eight hours from the burn incident, and the remaining over the next 16 hours. Only area covered by second-degree burns or greater is taken into consideration, as first-degree burns do not cause hemodynamically significant fluid shift to warrant fluid replacement.
The Parkland formula is mathematically expressed as:
    $V=4\cdot m\cdot (A\cdot 100)$
where mass (m) is in kilograms (kg), burned area (A) as a fraction of total body surface area, and volume (V) is in milliliters (mL). For example, a person weighing 75 kg with burns to 20% of his or her body surface area would require 4 x 75 x 20 = 6,000 mL of fluid replacement within 24 hours. The first half of this amount is delivered within eight hours from the burn incident, and the remaining fluid is delivered in the next 16 hours.
The burn percentage in adults can be estimated by applying the Wallace rule of nines (see total body surface area): 9% for each arm, 18% for each leg, 18% for the front of the torso, 18% for the back of the torso, and 9% for the head and 1% for the perineum.
# Çambeyli, Sandıklı

Çambeyli is a village in the Sandıklı District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 366 (2021).
# The British Blues Quintet

The British Blues Quintet were a British band formed in 2006 by five musicians, known for their interpretations of blues music. The line-up included keyboardist and singer Zoot Money, drummer Colin Allen, vocalist Maggie Bell, bassist Colin Hodgkinson and guitarist Miller Anderson. They recorded a live album, Live in Glasgow (Recorded at The Ferry) (2007). As a result of differences due to the participation of some band members in Jon Lord Blues Project, Colin Allen disbanded the British Blues Quintet in 2013.

## Discography

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
* Live in Glasgow (Recorded at The Ferry) (2007), Angel Air
# Virius Lupus (consul 278)

Virius Lupus was a consul of the Roman Empire in 278.

## Career

Possibly the son of Lucius Virius Lupus Iulianus, consul in 232, Lupus had a sufficiently distinguished career for him to be consul suffectus sometime before 275. After this, he was appointed Consularis of Caelimontium, one of the 14 regions of ancient Rome. He was also appointed curator of Laurentum.
During the reign of the emperor Gallienus, Lupus was appointed the senatorial Praeses (governor) of Arabia Petraea (a position he held before 259). During his term the rhetorician Callinicus of Petra dedicated a work to Lupus, titled On Rhetorical Mannerism.
Following this, during the 260s, Lupus was appointed to the governorship of Syria Coele, which, although nominally subject to Gallienus, placed him under the authority of Odaenathus. During 271–272, he was serving as governor of Asia, this time his allegiance shifted from Zenobia to the emperor Aurelian. He was heavily involved in Aurelian's restructure of Zenobian Syria following the emperor's subjugation of the east. During this time, he was also iudici sacrarum cognition of Egypt and the east. This was followed by his appointment as pontifex dei solis, one of the earliest appointments made by Aurelian to his new college of priests serving Sol Invictus.
While in the east, he sided with Probus after Probus was proclaimed emperor in 276. As a reward, Lupus was then made consul for the second time in 278 alongside Probus. After his term in office, the emperor appointed him Urban prefect of Rome, a position he held from 278 to 280.

## Sources

* Jones, A. H. M., Martindale, J. R., Morris, J., The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I (1971).
* Potter, David Stone, The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180-395 (2004).
* Watson, Alaric, Aurelian and the Third Century (1999).
# Master of Veterinary Science

The Master of Veterinary Science (MVSC or MVSc) is a master's degree awarded for studies in the field of veterinary science. It can be awarded for research, a taught degree, or both.

## Eligibility

Bachelor of Veterinary Science or equivalent degree. Applicants should have qualifications allowing them to practice as a veterinarian.

## Coursework

The MVSc generally takes two years to complete with specialization in different areas of animal sciences including anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, animal nutrition, livestock production and management, livestock products technology, microbiology, virology, and animal breeding and genetics, veterinary medicine, veterinary surgery, gynaecology and obstetrics. Masters programmes in the field of pathology and parasitology are offered by some colleges and universities. The degree work may include internships or other practice requirements.

## Outlook

It is reported that the veterinary field in general is becoming more female, and the number of women entering in Veterinary Medicine in Trakia University is at 66%. The degree is in great demand due to an increasing need for animal experts to ensure economic demands and to tackle zoonoses. MVSc postgraduates have great demand in government veterinary services (As Livestock Development Officer or Veterinary Assistant surgeon or Veterinary Officer) as well as in research, private practice and the development sector.
The degree also defines eligibility for research as senior research fellows and lectureship.
# Kunturillu (disambiguation)

Kunturillu (Quechua for "black and white", also spelled Condorillo) may refer to:
* Kunturillu (Arequipa), a mountain in the Arequipa Region, Peru
* Kunturillu (Ayacucho), a mountain in the Ayacucho Region, Peru
* Kunturillu (Bolivia), a mountain in Bolivia
* Kunturillu or Rocha River, a river in Bolivia
# Vladimir Shkodrov

Vladimir Georgiev Shkodrov (Владимир Георгиев Шкодров; 10 February 1930 – 31 August 2010) was a Bulgarian astronomer and professor at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. He is one of the founders of the Bulgarian National Observatory in Rozhen and authored numerous scientific and popular articles and books on planetary physics and astronomy.
Shkodrov discovered seven asteroids, including the near-Earth object 4486 Mithra, which he and Eric Elst discovered on 22 September 1987. Mithra is notable as the most highly bifurcated object in the Solar System.
Besides his rich scientific career, Vladimir Shkodrov was involved in education and in politics. He was the dean of the University of Shumen and a deputy in the 37th National Assembly of Republic of Bulgaria.

## List of discovered minor planets

| 4486 Mithra | 22 September 1987 | list |
| 6636 Kintanar | 11 September 1988 | list |
| 9732 Juchnovski | 24 September 1984 | list |
| 11852 Shoumen | 10 September 1988 | list |
| 11856 Nicolabonev | 11 September 1988 | list |
| 14342 Iglika | 23 September 1984 | list |
| (14839) 1988 RH$_8$ | 11 September 1988 | list |
| Co-discovery made with: $^A$ E. W. Elst $^B$ V. G. Ivanova |||

## Dissertation

Shkodrov, Vladimir (1975) Issledovanie pogreshnosti gravimetricheskih metodov opredelenia vneshnego potenciala planeti (Analysis of the errors of the gravimetric methods in defining the external planet potential). Defended in Leningrad/Moscow's State Institute for Astronomy.

## Honors

The main-belt asteroid 4364 Shkodrov, discovered by Eleanor Helin and Schelte Bus on 7 November 1978, is named in his honor. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 25 August 1991 (M.P.C. 18645).
# Kurzrock–Miller test

The Kurzrock–Miller test is an in-vitro test of sperm–mucus interaction. It consists of establishing an interface between cervical mucus and liquefied semen. It is one of the tests used for investigating infertility.

## Etymology

The test is named after Raphael Kurzrock and Thomas Grier Miller.

## Interpretation

* Negative test: Spermatozoa congregate on semen side of the interface, but do not penetrate it.
* Abnormal: Spermatozoa penetrate the mucus, but rapidly become immobile or acquire shaking movement.
* Poor: after penetration, spermatozoa do not progress farther than 500 μm.
* Normal: Spermatozoa penetrate the mucus and >90% are motile with definite progression, crossing 3 cm at 30 minutes.
# Vladimír Heger

Vladimír Heger (30 January 1932 – 1 March 2021) was a Czechoslovak basketball player and coach. He was most known for his achievement as head coach of the Czechoslovakian and Dutch national team.

## Coaching career

In 1965, Heger took over as head coach of the Czechoslovakia national basketball team. He won silver at EuroBasket 1967 and bronze at EuroBasket 1969. In 1983, he started as head coach of the Netherlands national basketball team. Heger led the team to the fourth place at EuroBasket 1983, the best ranking of the Netherlands of all-time. From 1984, he coached several clubs from the Eredivisie including Den Bosch, Zaandam and Akrides.
# Kusgaon Khurd

Kusgaon Khurd is a village and gram panchayat in India, situated in Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra. It encompasses an area of 342.76 ha (847 acres).

## Administration

The village is administrated by a sarpanch, an elected representative who leads a gram panchayat. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, the village was a self-contained gram panchayat, meaning that there were no other constituent villages governed by the body.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, the village comprised 206 households. The population of 1112 was split between 569 males and 543 females.

## Air travel connectivity

The closest airport to the village is Pune Airport.
# Matthew Smith (Irish politician)

Matthew Smith (died 3 November 1955) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was a member of Seanad Éireann from 1954 until his death, having been elected to the 8th Seanad by the Industrial and Commercial Panel. James O'Keeffe was elected at a by-election on 14 May 1956 to replace him.
Smith had previously stood unsuccessfully for Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil candidate for the Dún Laoghaire and Rathdown constituency at the 1951 general election.
# Matthew Smith (Pennsylvania statesman)

Matthew Smith (also spelled Mathew Smith; 1734 – July 22, 1794), was a Pennsylvania politician.
At twelve days, Smith's was the shortest tenure of the ten men who served as vice-president under the Commonwealth's 1776 Constitution—in fact, his was the shortest term of any governor or lieutenant governor in the history of the Commonwealth.

## Biography

Smith served briefly as Vice-President of Pennsylvania (a position analogous to the modern office of lieutenant governor), following the resignation of George Bryan on October 11, 1779. Smith was elected and took office that same day and served until his own resignation on October 23, 1779. At twelve days, Smith's was the shortest tenure of the ten men who served as vice-president under the Commonwealth's 1776 Constitution—in fact, his was the shortest term of any governor or lieutenant governor in the history of the Commonwealth. (John Bell served as governor for fourteen days in January 1947, and David Redick held the vice-presidency for twenty-two days in the fall of 1788.) As was the case with his predecessor, no reason is given for his resignation in the minutes of the Council.
By virtue of his office, Smith served as an ex officio member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania for a similarly brief period, October–November 1779.