OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marie Pavie

Marie Pavie (fl. 1600) was a calligrapher active in France at the beginning of the seventeenth century and possibly the first woman to have published a copybook, Le premier essay de la plume de Marie Pavie, under her own name.

## Life & work

Pavie, along with Dutch calligrapher Maria Strick, the other contender for the position of first woman to publish a copybook under her own name, were part of a vanishingly small group of professional early-modern women calligraphers. Little is known about Pavie's life and there are only two copies of her book extant, and one of those partial: the Newberry Library in Chicago holds the only known complete copy, and the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris has some leaves. Copybooks tended to receive heavy usage and many have not survived.
# Toxorhynchites splendens

Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) splendens is a species of non-hematophagous (not blood-feeding) mosquito belonging to the genus Toxorhynchites. It is widely used as a predator to control dengue mosquitoes.

## Distribution

It shows nearly a cosmopolitan distribution throughout the Old World, except African continent both through human influences and natural methods. It is found in India, Sri Lanka Malaysia, Thailand, New Guinea, Fiji Islands, Philippines, Rotuma Island.

## Importance

The large expansion is may be due to naval transport of larva from one place to another. In 1934, these mosquitoes were introduced to Fiji as a method of biological control of Aedes polynesiensis, and in India and Malaysia to control Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus who are prominent vectors of many human diseases. They prefer to consume eggs and larva Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi.
Alphamethrin, deltamethrin, Malathion can be used to control the mosquito.
# Quattor (company)

Quattor was a Brazilian petrochemical company headquartered in Rio de Janeiro. Founded on June 12, 2008, Quattor was the second largest petrochemicals in Brazil, behind only the Braskem and one of the largest petrochemical of the Americas. In 2009 the company was incorporated by Braskem, the largest Brazilian petrochemical and one of the largest in the world.
Quattor was result of the union of assets UNIPAR(60%) and Petrobras(40%), and now the set of five companies, Quattor Participações SA, Quattor Basic Chemicals SA (ex-Union Petrochemical SA), SA Quattor Petroquímica (formerly Suzano Petroquímica SA), Polyethylenes Union SA and Rio Polímeros SA.
The company had 11 production units located in three Brazilian states: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Bahia, in addition to the support office in São Paulo. It also had laboratories Quality and Development Centers, which assist in the development and improvement of its products. All this facilities have been transferred to Braskem.
# Said Assagaff

Said Assagaff is an Indonesian politician from the Maluku Islands. He served as the governor of Maluku province for the 2014–2019 term, have been elected to the office immediately after his tenure as the vice governor. Under his administration, efforts were taken to promote the province as a tourism hub.
# Stenorista

Stenorista is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Paul Dognin in 1905.

## Species

* Stenorista elongalis Dognin, 1905
* Stenorista fortunata (Schaus, 1912)
# Stefan Nędzyński

Stefan Nędzyński (1919 – 10 January 2008) was a Polish trade union official and economist.
Born in Poznań, Nędzyński was arrested by Soviet troops at the start of World War II, and spent three years in a labour camp. He was released in 1941, and served in the Polish Army, fighting in the Middle East and in Italy.
At the end of the war, instead of returning to Poland, Nędzyński moved to England, where he completed a doctorate at the University of London. He then began working for the Post Office Engineering Union, then in the early 1950s found work with the economics department of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU). In 1958, he moved to work for the Postal, Telegraph and Telephone International, soon becoming its assistant general secretary. He returned to the ICFTU in 1961, directly recruited by its leader, Omer Becu, and made assistant general secretary with responsibility for organisation.
In 1964, Nędzyński returned to the PTTI, as its general secretary. When Becu retired from the ICFTU in 1967, Nędzyński was a leading candidate to replace him, but George Woodcock vetoed his candidacy, on the grounds that Nędzyński had already quit two jobs with the ICFTU.
Nędzyński remained with the PTTI until his retirement, in 1989. He then began representing Solidarity overseas.
# Peter Howe (New South Wales politician)

(James) Peter Howe (3 November 1854 – 1 July 1917 ) was an Australian politician and convict.

## Early life

He was born in Redfern to mechanical engineer William Bryant and Mary Lambert. He was educated at Chippendale and worked as a leather dresser with Anderson & sons from the age of fifteen, becoming the branch manager by 1890. On 27 November 1878 he married Annie Emma Burchmore, with whom he had nine children, 5 daughters and 4 sons.

## Political career

He was an alderman for the Borough of Waterloo from 1886, and mayor from 1888 to 1889.
He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as one of the members for Redfern at a by-election in 1888 as a Protectionist. He was defeated at the election for Redfern on 17 June 1891, but was returned to the assembly as one of the members for Bourke at the election on 3 July 1891. He did not hold ministerial or other office.

## Criminal conviction

Howe was a director of the Australian Mercantile Loan and Guarantee Company, which was placed into liquidation on 11 September 1891. On 8 October 1891 he was charged, along with James Miller, with conspiracy to defraud the Australian Mercantile Loan and Guarantee Company. On 21 October 1891 Howe gave his resignation to William Willis to be given to the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. He was convicted of one of the three charges of conspiracy to defraud on 31 October and sentenced to imprisonment for 7 years. His resignation was not given to the Speaker until after his conviction, however accounts differ as to why. The Sydney Morning Herald stated that the resignation was to be given to the Speaker only if convicted which pointed "to a hope that the prosecution might fail, and that the resignation of the seat might be avoided", while the Australian Town and Country Journal stated that it was Willis' decision not to immediately give the resignation to the Speaker, for fear that it might prejudice Howe's trial. Frank Smith, another former member of the Legislative Assembly, was the managing director of the Australian Mercantile Loan and Guarantee Company from September 1889 until September 1890, and was convicted in February 1892 with conspiracy to fraudulently misrepresent the financial affairs of the company, and was also sentenced to imprisonment for 7 years.
Howe was released from prison in June 1895 after serving 3 years and 7 months.

## Later life

He later moved to Melbourne, where he established a leather business and also served on Preston Council. Howe died at East Melbourne in 1917 (aged 62).
# Stephanospora

Stephanospora is a genus of truffle-like gasteroid fungi in the order Agaricales. In 2014, nine new Australasian species were described from collections previously thought to represent S. flava.

## Taxonomy

Stephanospora was circumscribed by French mycologist Narcisse Théophile Patouillard in 1914 with S. caroticolor (formerly classified as a species of Hydnangium) as the type species.

## Species

* S. aorangi Beever, Castellano & T.Lebel (2015)
* S. caroticolor (Berk.) Pat. (1914)
* S. chilensis (E.Horak) J.M.Vidal (2005) — South America, Europe
* S. corneri Pegler & T.W.K.Young (1979) — Singapore
* S. cribbae T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Australia
* S. flava (Rodway) G.W.Beaton, Pegler & T.W.K.Young (1985) — Australia, South Africa
* S. hystrispora T.Lebel & Castellano, (2015) — Australia
* S. kanuka T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — New Zealand
* S. novae-caledoniae T.Lebel, Castellano & K.Hosaka (2015) — New Caledonia
* S. occidentiaustralis T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Australia
* S. papua T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Papua New Guinea
* S. penangensis Corner & Hawker (1953) — Peninsular Malaysia
* S. poropingao T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — New Zealand
* S. pounamu T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — New Zealand
* S. redolens (G.Cunn.) E.Horak (1979)
* S. sheoak T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Australia
* S. tetraspora T.Lebel, Beever & Castellano (2015) — Australia

## Natural compounds

The "carrot truffle", Stephanospora caroticolor, contains the compound stephanosporin, a 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol precursor. The compound, which gives the fruitbody its orange colour, converts to the toxic 2-chloro-4-nitrophenolate when the fruitbody is injured.
# Petalura ingentissima

Petalura ingentissima, the giant petaltail, has been described as the world's largest dragonfly, with a wingspan of 160 mm. It is found in Queensland, Australia.
Dr R.J. Tillyard described the giant petaltail in 1908. Its species name is derived from the Latin adjective ingens "huge". It is one of five species in the Australian genus Petalura.
A large heavily built dragonfly, the giant petaltail has a black body with some yellow markings. The female's wingspan can be 158–162 mm and body length 125 mm, the largest dragonfly species in overall dimensions although members of the genus Tetracanthagyna can have longer wings and Chlorogomphus papilio a larger wing area.
Measuring 5.9-6.3 cm long, the larvae are unusual in that they live in burrows along the river margin and hunt passing prey.

## Gallery

* Female at Tully Gorge, Queensland
* Type specimen, male, held at the Natural History Museum, London
* Female wings
* Male wings
# Stauning VI Cabinet

The Sixth Stauning cabinet was the government of Denmark from 8 July 1940, to 4 May 1942.

## List of ministers

Some periods in the table below start before 8 July 1940 or end after 4 May 1942 because the minister was in the Fifth Stauning Cabinet or the First Buhl Cabinet as well.
The cabinet consisted of:
| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Prime Minister | Thorvald Stauning | 30 April 1929 | 3 May 1942† | Social Democrats |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Erik Scavenius | 8 July 1940 | 29 August 1943 | Independent |
| Minister for Finance | Vilhelm Buhl | 20 July 1937 | 16 July 1942 | Social Democrats |
| Minister of Defence | Søren Brorsen | 4 May 1942 | 29 August 1943 | Venstre |
| Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs | Vilhelm Fibiger [da] | 8 July 1940 | 9 November 1942 | Conservatives |
| Minister for Education | Jørgen Jørgensen | 4 November 1935 | 9 November 1942 | Social Liberals |
| Minister of Justice | Harald Petersen | 8 July 1940 | 9 July 1941 | Independent |
| Minister of Justice | Eigil Thune Jacobsen [da] | 9 July 1941 | 29 August 1943 | Independent |
| Minister of the Interior | Knud Kristensen | 8 July 1940 | 9 November 1942 | Venstre |
| Minister for Public Works | Gunnar Larsen | 8 July 1940 | 29 August 1943 | Independent |
| Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries | Kristen Bording [da] | 4 November 1935 | 29 August 1943 | Social Democrats |
| Minister for Commerce, Industry and Seafaring | John Christmas Møller | 8 July 1940 | 3 October 1940 | Conservatives |
| Minister for Commerce, Industry and Seafaring | Halfdan Hendriksen [da] | 3 October 1940 | 5 May 1945 | Conservatives |
| Ministry of Social Affairs | Johannes Kjærbøl | 8 July 1940 | 9 November 1942 | Social Democrats |
| Preceded byStauning V | Cabinet of Denmark 1940-1942 | Succeeded byBuhl I |
# Stephen Popham

Stephen Popham (5 July 1745 – 13 June 1795) was a British politician and solicitor who is remembered for improving the residential locality of Georgetown in the city of Chennai, India and reforming the civic and police administration.

## Early life

Popham was born on 5 July 1745, the fourth son of Joseph Popham of Gibraltar and Mary Riggs. Popham's younger brother was the British naval officer Admiral Sir Home Riggs Popham. He had his education at King's School and matriculated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1764. He graduated as 4th Wrangler in 1767 and obtained a Master of Arts degree in 1774. Popham was admitted to the Middle Temple on 14 April 1762.
Popham entered politics in 1776 and was elected to the Irish House of Commons in June 1776 as MP for Castlebar. Popham and was succeeded as MP by James Browne.

## In India

Popham's fortunes began to decline in the late 1770s and he faced a financial crisis. He arrived in India about this time and was worked in Calcutta as Secretary to Sir John Day, the Advocate-General of Bengal. In 1778, he travelled along with Day to the city of Madras for an official inquiry. At Madras, a violent argument broke out between Day and Popham forcing the two to break up. Popham stayed on in Madras and purchased a plot in Blacktown and settled down in the city.
Popham purchased the adjacent plot and constructed a drainage channel in the area. He then constructed a wide thoroughfare through Blacktown. The road was named "Popham's Broadway" and presently, it is known simply as Broadway. Popham was critical of the power and influence of the dubashes
Popham recommended the construction of direct and cross drains in every street, the lighting of streets, registration of births and deaths and licensing of liquor shops and outlets. In 1782, Popham submitted a plan for the creation of a regular police force in Madras city.

## Pophams Broadway, Madras

The Pophams Broadway at Madras was once a fine road bisecting George Town into Peddanaickenpet and Muthialpet. Before, it was a road, it was a ditch in the suburb called Atta Pallam, and was owned by Stephen Popham, former MP of the British Parliament and later Advocate General at Calcutta, who moved to Madras in 1778. Popham is credited with setting up the Madras Police in 1782. At that time, the lands of the present Madras United Club, General Hospital and Park Town Post Office was a hill called Hoggs Hill (called as Narimedu or 'mound of foxes' by the natives). Hoggs Hill was considered to be a security threat to the Fort St. George and a decision was taken to level the hill. Popham's negotiated with the Government of Madras to use the earth removed from Hoggs Hill to fill up the ditch. The road which came through after filling the ditch came to be known as Popham's Broadway.

## Death

Popham died in Conjeevaram on 13 June 1795 as a result of injuries suffered during a fall from his curricle.
# Steinfurt (disambiguation)

Steinfurt is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Steinfurt may also refer to:
* Steinfurt (district), a district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
* Steinfurt I – Borken I, an electoral constituency in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
* Steinfurt III, an electoral constituency in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
# Stephen of Besançon

Stephen of Besançon, O.P., (ca. 1250, Free Imperial City of Besançon—22 November 1294, Republic of Lucca) was a French Dominican friar, who served briefly as the Master General of the Order.
Stephen began his studies in 1273 and graduated as Baccalaureus biblicus (Bachelor of Theology in Biblical Studies) in 1286. Two years later he obtained his Master's degree (Magister) from the Faculty of Theology of the University of Paris. A popular collection of sermons entitled Alphabetum narrationum is possibly attributable to him.
First as Prior Provincial of northern France (1291) and then as Master General of the Order of Preachers (in 1292) he tried to lead the Order back to the original severity of its ideal. He died in Lucca in Tuscany, while on the way back to Rome from a journey of canonical visitations of the priories of the Order.
# Peter Kwasi Sarpong

Peter Kwasi Sarpong (born 6 February 1933) is the former Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Kumasi. He was born in Offinso, Ashanti.
He was ordained a priest on December 11, 1959, and incardinated into the clergy of the diocese of Kumasi. Pope Paul VI appointed him Bishop of Kumasi on November 20, 1969. The Archbishop of Cape Coast, John Kodwo Amissah, consecrated him bishop on March 8 of the following year; co-consecrators were Joseph Amihere Essuah, Bishop of Sekondi-Takoradi and Peter Poreku Dery, Bishop of Wa. John Paul II elevated the diocese to an archdiocese on January 17, 2002, and thus he was appointed Archbishop of Kumasi. On March 26, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI accepted his resignation due to his age.
He has argued that the church in Africa is "not African enough".

## Publications (selection)

* The Sacred Stools of the Akans (Ghana Publishing Corporation, 1971).
* Ecumenical Relations in Ghana, Gambia, and Uganda (1973).
* Ghana in Retrospect (Ghana Publishing Corporation, 1974).
* Girls Nubility Rites (Ghana Publishing Corporation, 1977).
* Libation (Anansesem Publications Ltd, 1996).
* Ancestral Stool Veneration in Asante (St. Francis Press, 1996).
* Dear Nana: Letters to My Ancestor (Franciscan Publications, 1998).
* Cultural Perspectives on Ghana’s Development and Other Essays on Ghana at 50 (St Francis Press Ltd, 2011).
* Christian Reflection on Poverty.
* The One Honest Man (Sedco Press).
* Odd Customs: Stereotypes and Prejudices (Sub-Saharan Publishers, 2012).
* Archbishop Sarpong Explains Key Christian Topics (SNAM Ltd, 2016).
* Culture and the Kingdom (Good Shepherd Publications, 2016).
* articles in the Encyclopedia Africana.
# Peter Holmgren

Peter Holmgren is a forestry specialist and the former director general of the Center for International Forestry Research.

## Career

In 1998, Holmgren joined the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to lead the Global Forest Resources Assessment. From 2003 to 2007, he was head of forest resources development. After 2007, he led the Climate, Energy, and Tenure division. During this time, Holmgren played a leading role in the establishment of the UN-REDD program. He would later criticize this initiative.
During his tenure at the Center for International Forestry Research, he was instrumental in the creation of the Global Landscapes Forum (GLF), merging Forest Day and Agriculture and Rural Development Day. Under his leadership, the center updated its strategy to align it with the Sustainable Development Goals. His thoughts on forestry and sustainable development are reflected on over 50 entries to the "DG's Column." Holmgren stayed in this role until October 2017, when he was replaced by Robert Nasi.
# Peter Homa

Peter Michael Homa CBE is a British health service manager.
He started work in the National Health Service in 1979 as a hospital porter after which he commenced the NHS National Management Training Scheme in London in 1981 and was chief executive at Leicester Royal Infirmary in 1989, when it was one of two national pilot hospitals to achieve significant improvement in both the quality and efficiency of patient care.
He was appointed a CBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours in 2000 for contributions to the health service.
He was the Chief Executive of the Commission for Health Improvement and was appointed as the first Chief Executive of the new Healthcare Commission which replaced it but resigned from the post at the request of the organisation's chairman Sir Ian Kennedy in April 2003. He went on to become chief executive of St George's Healthcare NHS Trust in November 2003.
He was an assessor in the Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry.
He was Chief Executive of Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust from 2006 to 2017.
Homa served as the first civilian Director General, Defence Medical Services from 2019 to 2023.
# Stenanthium leimanthoides

Stenanthium leimanthoides is a poisonous monocot wildflower. It is either treated as a separate species to Stenanthium densum or as a synonym of that species. A common name is pine barren deathcamas.
Within the family Melanthiaceae, it is placed in the tribe Melanthieae. Molecular phylogenetic studies in the 21st century have resulted in substantial rearrangement of the species in this tribe, many being moved to different genera. S. leimanthoides was previously placed in Zigadenus as Z. leimanthoides, and will be found under this name in older sources.
It is native to the southernmost United States, more inland than S. densum, largely in the Appalachian Mountains.
# Stenanthera conostephioides

Stenanthera conostephioides, commonly known as flame heath, is a species of small shrub that is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It has linear to lance-shaped leaves, red, tubular flowers and green, oval fruit turning dark red.

## Description

Stenanthera conostephioides is an erect or spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 20–100 cm (7.9–39.4 in). The leaves are thick, linear to lance-shaped, 7–21 mm (0.28–0.83 in) long and 0.8–2 mm (0.031–0.079 in) wide, with a pointed tip 1.1–1.5 mm (0.043–0.059 in) long. The flowers are red and occur singly, pendent and tube-like, more or less cylindrical and 6.3–15 mm (0.25–0.59 in) long. There are brownish bracts 0.5–10 mm (0.020–0.394 in) long and bracteoles 6.3–15 mm (0.25–0.59 in) long at the base of the flower, and the sepals are brownish 7.7–18 mm (0.30–0.71 in). The petal lobes are densely hairy on the inside near their tips. The anthers project beyond the end of the petal tube and the style is 10–19 mm (0.39–0.75 in) long. The fruit is oval, about 9–11 mm (0.35–0.43 in) long and green tinged with maroon, later dark red. Flowering occurs from March to November.

## Taxonomy and naming

Stenanthera conostephioides was first formally described in 1845 by Otto Wilhelm Sonder in Lehmann's Plantae Preissianae from specimens collected by Theodor Siemssen near Port Adelaide in 1839. The specific epithet (conostephioides) refers to the similarity of this species to a plant in the genus Conostephium.

## Distribution and habitat

Flame heath grows in mallee scrub and open forest in sandy soil. It is a common species, occurring in western Victoria and the south east of South Australia.

## Ecology

The flowers of this species form an important part of the diet of emus.
# Stephen Stanley Parker

Stephen Stanley Parker (1817–1904) was an early settler and pioneer of Western Australia and a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council.

## Biography
### Early life

Parker was born on 24 May 1817 in Lyminge, Kent. He came to the Swan River Colony with his father Stephen Parker and his family, in February 1830. His father had intended to be associated with land dealings with Thomas Peel on behalf of some English investors. However, these did not come to fruition and instead he took up a land grant in Guildford, Western Australia. After several years, the family moved to York, Western Australia, where they established a 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) property called Northbourne.

### Career

He started his adult life as a landowner. He purchased a 4,000-acre (16 km$^2$) property in York, which proved highly lucrative. From there, he acquired several other leases in the York district and, in 1858, established a flour mill in the town.
In the 1860s, he was made a Justice of the Peace by Governor Sir Frederick Weld. Parker was, for eight years, the chairman of the Roads Board and was a member of the town council. In (about) 1874, he was appointed as a nominee member of the Legislative Council by Governor Sir William Robinson and held the position for eight years. He retired in February 1882 and moved to Perth to live.
After his retirement, he became a member of the Aborigines Protection Board and was a trustee of the Church of England diocese in Western Australia.

### Personal life and death

He married Elizabeth Sewell in 1844. Their son, Stephen Henry Parker (1846–1927), served as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Western Australia from 1906 to 1914.
He died in 1904.