OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tonewheel

A tonewheel or tone wheel is a simple electromechanical apparatus used for generating electric musical notes in electromechanical organ instruments such as the Hammond organ and in telephony to generate audible signals such as ringing tone. It was developed by Thaddeus Cahill for the telharmonium c. 1896 and patented in 1897. It was reinvented around 1910 by Rudolph Goldschmidt for use in pre–vacuum-tube radio receivers as a beat frequency oscillator (BFO) to make continuous wave radiotelegraphy (Morse code) signals audible.

## Description

The tonewheel assembly consists of a synchronous AC motor and an associated gearbox that drives a series of rotating disks. Each disk has a given number of smooth bumps at the rim; these generate a specific frequency as the disk rotates close to a pickup assembly that consists of a magnet and electromagnetic coil.
As each bump in the wheel approaches the pickup, it temporarily concentrates the magnetic field near it, and thus strengthens the magnetic field that passes through the coil, inducing a current in the coil by the process of electromagnetic induction. As the bump moves past, this concentrating effect is reduced again, the magnetic field weakens slightly, and an opposite current is induced in the coil. Thus, the frequency of the current in the coil depends on the speed of rotation of the disk and the number of bumps.
Typically, the coil is connected to an amplifier through a network of switches, contacts, resistor banks, and transformers which can be used to mix the fluctuating current representing the note from one coil with similar currents from other coils representing other notes. A single fundamental frequency can thus be combined with one or more harmonics to produce complex sounds. Tonewheels were first developed for and used in the impractical Telharmonium circa 1896 and later in the original Hammond organs.
Tonewheel leakage occurs in the Hammond organ and in similar situations, where the large number of tonewheels causes pickups to overhear tonewheels other than their own. This causes the organ to add chromatics to played notes. In some kinds of music this is undesirable, but in others it has become an important part of the Hammond sound. On some digital simulations of Hammond organs tonewheel leakage is a user-set parameter.

## Early uses

The tonewheel was independently invented in 1910 by Rudolph Goldschmidt as a beat frequency oscillator in early radio receivers to make continuous wave radiotelegraphy (Morse code) signals audible, before the existence of the vacuum tube.
# Toney (name)

Toney is a given name and a nickname. Notable people with this name include the following:

## Given name
### First name

* Toney Anaya (born 1941), American politician
* Toney Clemons (born 1988), American gridiron football
* Toney Douglas (born 1986), American basketball player
* Toney Freeman (born 1966), American bodybuilder
* Toney Lee (fl. 1982–1988) American singer, songwriter and music producer
* Toney Mack (born 1967), American basketball player
* Toney Penna (1908–1995), Italian golfer

### Middle name

* Cheryll Toney Holley, native American chief
* Peter Paul Toney Babey, Canadian indigenous leader

### Nickname

* Kemp Toney, nickname of Hardin Kimbrough Toney (1876–1955), American politician
* Toney Rocks, stagename of Toney Robinson (fl. 2017), American musician

## Surname

* Albert Toney (1879–1931), American baseball player
* Andrew Toney (born 1957), American basketball player
* Anthony Toney (born 1962), American football player
* Au'Diese Toney (born 1999), American basketball player
* Cliff Toney (born 1958), American football player
* Darren Toney (born 1984), American gridiron football player
* Fred Toney (1888–1953), American baseball player
* Ivan Toney (born 1996), English footballer
* James Toney (born 1968), American boxer
* Jillian Toney (born 1970), English karateka
* Julliet Toney (born 1970), English karateka
* Kadarius Toney (born 1999), American football player
* Kevin Toney, American pianist and composer
* Marcus B. Toney (1840–1929), American Confederate veteran
* Michael Roy Toney (1965–2009), American citizen
* Oscar Toney, Jr. (born 1939), American soul singer
* Renné Toney, Brazilian bodybuilder
* Sedric Toney (born 1962), American basketball player
* Shaka Toney (born 1998), American football player
* Tyler Toney (born 1989), member of American trick shot conglomerate Dude Perfect
# Jonas de Gélieu

Jonas de Gélieu (21 August 1740, in Les Bayards – 17 October 1827, in Colombier) was a Swiss pastor and beekeeper, notable for his contact with Jean Jacques Rousseau and Isabelle de Charrière.

## Archive Sources

* PAST, Fonds: Archives de la société des pasteurs et ministres neuchâtelois (13e-20e). Archives de l'État de Neuchâtel.
# List of volleyball clubs in Estonia

This is the list of volleyball clubs operating (or was operated) in Estonia. The list is incomplete.
| Name | Location |
| Järvamaa VK | |
| Kohila Võrkpalliklubi | Kohila |
| Ösel Foods Tartu | Tartu |
| Pärnu VK | Pärnu |
| Rivaal Rakvere VK | Rakvere |
| Saaremaa VK | Kuressaare |
| Selver Tallinn VK | Tallinn |
| Sylvester Tallinn (VK Sylvester) | Tallinn |
| TalTech Volleyball | Tallinn |
| Tartu Volleyball | Tartu |
| Võru VK | Võru |
# Jondor District

Jondor District is a district of Bukhara Region in Uzbekistan. The capital lies at the town Jondor. It has an area of 5,170 km$^2$ (2,000 sq mi) and its population is 179,300 (2021).
The district consists of 9 urban-type settlements (Jondor, Paxlavon, Dalmun, Ko'liyon, Samonchuq, Tobagar, Ushot, Xazorman, Chorzona) and 13 rural communities (Dalmun, Qaroli, Lolo, Romish, Zarafshon, Oxshix, Xumdonak, Xumini bolo, Mustaqillik, Poʻloti, Samonchuq, Aleli, Mirzayon).
Jondor district was established on 17 January 1937. From 24 December 1962 it was part of Romitan and Bukhara districts. It was re-established on 9 January 1967. It is bordered by Olot and Qorakoʻl districts from south-west, with Bukhara, Romitan, Peshku districts from east and north-east. In Jondor district there are 4 historical monuments: Mahmud Torobiy's grave, Varaxsha memorial, Shahri Islom fortress, Qizbibi memorial complex.

## Nature

Jondor district is located at the Bukhara oasis, north-west of the lower reaches of the river Zeravshan, in the desert. The relief is mostly flat, partly marshy and salinisation. The rest of its territory is desert.
# Tommy Spink

Thomas William Spink (13 November 1887 – 1966) was an English professional footballer who played as a right winger for Grimsby Town, Hibernian and Fulham. Tommy Spink had a younger brother, James "Jimmy" Spink, who played for Newcastle United before the outbreak of World War One.

## Playing career

Thomas William Spink was born in Dipton, County Durham and was a professional footballer who primarily played for Grimsby Town. In 1919, he was measured at 5ft 7 inch, and weighed 11 stone. His favoured position was outside right (right winger). In a "A Who's Who of Grimsby Town AFC 1890-1985" by Douglas Lamming, the book states his playing career began at Craghead United (two seasons) and that: "Notably fast - he had won many prizes on the running track - and among the most prominent Mariners of his day. Not a robust performer yet Tommy was reckoned Town's best right-winger for 30 years because of his speed, pinpoint centering and consistency. Was still turning out for Worksop as late as 1926/7." During the First World War he made appearances as a 'War Guest' for various clubs, and played alongside his brother Jimmy for Grimsby Town during the 1916/17 season. He also played professionally for Hibernian, Fulham, Rochdale, and Worksop Town.

## Grimsby Town A.F.C. Side (Pre-War): 1914/1915

The Mariner 'Official Matchday Magazine' printed a picture of the side, and a brief biography of the side's players and their service during the war. The magazine article mentioned the following players:
Sid Wheelhouse: Club captain who died of his wounds at Beaumont Hamel, September 1916.
Ralph Thompson: Winger, lost his life on the first day of the Battle of the Somme, July 1916.
Dave Kenny: Centre half, served in the Middlesex Regiment's footballers battalion, survived the war.
Frank Martin: Left half, served in the Middlesex Regiment's footballers battalion, survived the war.
Tom Rippon: Forward, worked in the mines, before joining the army.
George Rampton: Forward, did 'war work' in the midlands.
Percy Summers: Goalkeeper, joined the footballers battalion, injuries from a grenade ensured he would play only one game after the war.
Tommy Spink: Served firstly in a munitions factory, then with the Durham Light Infantry, survived the war.

## Playing record

| Club | Years | Appearances | Goals |
| Fulham F.C. | 1910–1912 | 11 | 1 |
| Grimsby Town AFC | 1914–1921 | 116 | 3 |
| Hartlepool United F.C. | 1919 | 1 | 0 |
| Hibernian F.C. | 1918–1919 | 17 | 0 |
| Rochdale A.F.C. | 1914- | n/a | n/a |
| Worksop Town F.C. | n/a | n/a | n/a |

## Match reports

Due to the era that Tommy Spink played in, there is a lack of media coverage of his career. However, Playupliverpool have listed a clipping of a match report from 28 April – 1914. The game was Rochdale vs Liverpool, and the result was a 2–2 draw. The match report states: "On their respective wings Spink and Smith were at times sparklingly clever; especially so was Spink, for his runs and centres were quite a feature of the second half."

## Later life

He died in 1966 and was buried with his family in Cleethorpes.
# Johnny Powers

Johnny Powers may refer to:
* Johnny Powers (musician) (1938–2023), American rockabilly musician
* Johnny Powers (wrestler) (1943–2022), Canadian professional wrestler
# Lists of V episodes

List of V episodes may refer to:
* List of V (1984 TV series) episodes
* List of V (2009 TV series) episodes
# Lists of Virtual Console games

Each 'region' has different Virtual Console titles available for download to the Wii, Nintendo 3DS, and Wii U depending on licensing and other factors.

## Systems

Wii
* List of Virtual Console games for Wii (Japan)
* List of Virtual Console games for Wii (North America)
* List of Virtual Console games for Wii (PAL region)
* List of Virtual Console games for Wii (South Korea)
Nintendo 3DS
* List of Virtual Console games for Nintendo 3DS (Japan)
* List of Virtual Console games for Nintendo 3DS (North America)
* List of Virtual Console games for Nintendo 3DS (PAL region)
* List of Virtual Console games for Nintendo 3DS (South Korea)
* List of Virtual Console games for Nintendo 3DS (Taiwan and Hong Kong)
Wii U
* List of Virtual Console games for Wii U (Japan)
* List of Virtual Console games for Wii U (North America)
* List of Virtual Console games for Wii U (PAL region)
# Lisy, Łódź Voivodeship

Lisy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brąszewice, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in middle Poland.
# Lithuania at the 2008 Summer Paralympics

Lithuania competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Silver | Aldona Grigaliuniene | Athletics | Women's Shot Put - F37/38 |
| Silver | Arcydas Juchna Saulius Leonavicius Nerijus Montvydas Genrik Pavliukianec Zydrunas Simkus Marius Zibolis | Goalball | Men's team |

## Sports
### Athletics
#### Men's track

| Athlete | Class | Event | Heats | Heats | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Class | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Linas Balsys | T12 | 10000m | — | — | — | — | DNF | DNF |
| Linas Balsys | T12 | Marathon | — | — | — | — | 2:39:55 | 12 |

#### Men's field

| Athlete | Class | Event | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Class | Event | Result | Points | Rank |
| Algirdas Tatulis | F42 | Discus throw | 35.38 | - | 10 |
| Rolandas Urbonas | F11-12 | Discus throw | 44.41 | 874 | 7 |
| Rolandas Urbonas | F11-12 | Shot put | 14.72 | 908 | 7 |

#### Women's field

| Athlete | Class | Event | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Class | Event | Result | Points | Rank |
| Ramune Adomaitiene | F35-38 | Javelin throw | NMR | NMR | NMR |
| Ramune Adomaitiene | F37-38 | Shot put | 10.03 | 878 | 11 |
| Malda Baumgarte | F57-58 | Javelin throw | 20.72 | 703 | 11 |
| Aldona Grigaliuniene | F37-38 | Discus throw | 26.73 | 902 | 8 |
| Aldona Grigaliuniene | F37-38 | Shot put | 12.58 | 1102 | |
| Irena Perminiene | F54-56 | Shot put | 5.97 | 962 | 6 |
| Dangute Skeriene | F12-13 | Shot put | 10.17 | 815 | 8 |

### Goalball

The men's team won the silver medal after losing in the gold medal match against China.

#### Players

* Arvydas Juchna
* Saulius Leonavicius
* Nerijus Montvydas
* Genrik Pavliukianec
* Zydrunas Simkus
* Marius Zibolis

#### Tournament
##### Gold medal match
### Judo

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Repechage round 1 | Repechage round 2 | Final/ Bronze medal contest |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result |
| Jonas Stoskus | Men's 90kg | Mammadov (AZE) L 0000–0211 | — | — | Junk (GER) L 0000-1102 | did not advance | did not advance |

### Swimming
#### Men

| Athlete | Class | Event | Heats | Heats | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Class | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Andrius Bickauskas | S1 | 50m backstroke | — | — | 2:27.68 | 5 |
| Kestutis Skucas | S4 | 50m freestyle | 49.56 | 11 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Kestutis Skucas | S4 | 200m freestyle | 3:55.82 | 9 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Kestutis Skucas | S4 | 50m backstroke | 49.67 | 4 Q | 50.59 | 5 |

### Volleyball
#### Women's tournament

The women's volleyball team didn't win any medals; they were 6th out of 8 teams.

##### Players

* Malda Baumgarde
* Liudmila Budiniene
* Ruta Cvirkiene
* Virginija Dmitrijeva
* Rita Latauskaite
* Karolina Lingyte
* Neringa Susinskyte
* Jolita Urbutiene
* Jurate Verbuviene
* Virginija Ziltye
# Jordanita maroccana

Jordanita maroccana is a moth of the family Zygaenidae. It is found in the Middle Atlas in Morocco. It is found at altitudes of up to 2,000 meters.
The length of the forewings is 11.1–12.3 mm for males and 10.5–12 mm for females. Adults are on wing from April to the beginning of June.
The larvae probably feed on Carthamus species.
# Rapid Update Cycle

The Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) was an American atmospheric prediction system that consisted primarily of a numerical forecast model and an analysis system to initialize the model. The first operational implementation was created in 1994, with 60km resolution and a 3-hour cycle.
The RUC was designed to provide accurate short-range (0- to 12-hr, later expanded to 18-hr in 2010) numerical forecast guidance for weather-sensitive users, such as those in the aviation community. Significant weather forecasting problems that occur in the 0- to 12-hr range include severe weather in all seasons (for example, tornadoes, thunderstorms, snow, and ice storms) and hazards to aviation (for example, clear air turbulence, icing, and downbursts).
The RUC ran at the highest frequency of any forecast model at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), assimilating recent observations to provide very high frequency updates of current conditions and short-range forecasts. This update frequency was only once an hour (the standard interval for ASOS observation reporting), and with computational limitations and the time required to assimilate all of the data, there is approximately a one-hour delay in producing the forecasts. Because of this, it was common practice to use a one-hour forecast from the RUC as a current analysis, as the one-hour forecast would come out only a few minutes before the time it is forecasting for. There is also little possibility for error in a one-hour forecast, meaning that the RUC's one-hour forecast would not usually vary greatly from the actual state of the atmosphere at that particular point in time.
The RUC was decommissioned on May 1, 2012; it was replaced by the Rapid Refresh (RR or RAP) model, based on the WRF. Like the RUC, the Rapid Refresh model also runs hourly out to 18 hours on a 13 km (8.1 mi) grid spacing, but also covers a wider area. An experimental High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) ran by the Earth System Research Laboratories (ESRL) offers 3 km (1.9 mi) resolution at 15-minute intervals. A backup version of the RUC continued to run until that too was stopped on May 15, 2013, thus formally bringing an end to the model.
# Vince Jones (footballer)

Vincent Wellfield Jones (4 March 1900 – 1950) was a Welsh professional footballer who played as a wing half.

## Career

Jones began his career with Cardiff City, making his professional debut in a First Division match against Sheffield United in place of Len Davies. However, he was released as the end of the season and joined Merthyr Town. He later played for Ebbw Vale, Millwall, Luton Town, Norwich City and Newport County. He rejoined Cardiff City in 1934 but was unable to break into the first team and subsequently left professional football.
# Scaptesylodes incerta

Scaptesylodes incerta is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was first described by Georg Semper in 1899 and it is found on Mindanao in the Philippines.
# List of monuments in Bheri Zone

Bheri Zone was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, comprising five districts, namely, Banke, Bardiya, Dailekh, Jajarkot and Surkhet. Here is district wise List of Monuments which are in the Bheri Zone.

## Lists of monuments

* List of monuments in Banke District
* List of monuments in Bardiya District
* List of monuments in Dailekh District
* List of monuments in Jajarkot District
* List of monuments in Surkhet District
# List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 1989–1994

Members of the European Parliament for Ireland :
| 1st delegation | (1973) |
| 2nd delegation | (1973–1977) |
| 3rd delegation | (1977–1979) |
| 1st term | (1979) |
| 2nd term | (1984) |
| 3rd term | (1989) |
| 4th term | (1994) |
| 5th term | (1999) |
| 6th term | (2004) |
| 7th term | (2009) |
| 8th term | (2014) |
| 9th term | (2019) |
| 10th term | (2024) |
Women :
vte :
This is a list of the 15 members of the European Parliament for Ireland elected at the 1989 European Parliament election. They served in the 1989 to 1994 session.

## List

| Name | Constituency | National party | EP group |
| Niall Andrews | Dublin | Fianna Fáil | EDA |
| Mary Banotti | Dublin | Fine Gael | EPP |
| Neil Blaney | Connacht–Ulster | Independent Fianna Fáil | RBW |
| Patrick Cooney | Leinster | Fine Gael | EPP |
| Pat Cox | Munster | Progressive Democrats | ELDR |
| John Cushnahan | Munster | Fine Gael | EPP |
| Proinsias De Rossa† | Dublin | Workers' Party | GUE/NGL |
| Proinsias De Rossa† | Dublin | Democratic Left | GUE/NGL |
| Barry Desmond† | Dublin | Labour | PES |
| Gene Fitzgerald | Munster | Fianna Fáil | EDA |
| Jim Fitzsimons | Leinster | Fianna Fáil | EDA |
| Mark Killilea | Connacht–Ulster | Fianna Fáil | EDA |
| Patrick Lalor | Leinster | Fianna Fáil | EDA |
| Paddy Lane | Munster | Fianna Fáil | EDA |
| T. J. Maher | Munster | Independent | ELDR |
| Joe McCartin | Connacht–Ulster | Fine Gael | EPP |
$^†$Replaced during term, see table below for details.

## Changes

| Party | Party | Outgoing | Constituency | Reason | Date | Replacement |
| | Workers' Party | Proinsias De Rossa | Dublin | Resignation in the run-up to the foundation of Democratic Left | February 1992 | Des Geraghty |
| | Labour | Barry Desmond | Dublin | Desmond appointed to the European Court of Auditors | February 1994 | Bernie Malone |

## Footnotes

* ↑ Until 11 January 1993 De Rossa was a member of the Workers' Party.
* ↑ Member until 18 February 1991
* ↑ Member until 11 January 1993
* ↑ Member of Non-Inscrits from 11 January 1993
# Northern pied babbler

The northern pied babbler (Turdoides hypoleuca) is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.
# Potoci, Mostar

Potoci is a village in the City of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics
### 2013

2,183 total
* Bosniaks - 1,160 (53.1%)
* Croats - 759 (34.8%)
* Serbs - 226 (10.4%)
* others - 38 (1.7%)
# Prasad V. Tetali

Prasad V. Tetali is an Indian-American mathematician and computer scientist who works as a professor at Carnegie Mellon University. His research concerns probability theory, discrete mathematics, and approximation algorithms.
Tetali was born in Visakhapatnam, India but is now a United States citizen. He graduated from Andhra University in 1984, earned a master's degree in computer science in 1986 from the Indian Institute of Science, and completed his doctorate in 1991 at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University under the supervision of Joel Spencer. After postdoctoral studies, he joined the School of Mathematics at Georgia Tech in 1994, and added a joint appointment in computing in 2001. At Georgia Tech, his doctoral students have included Adam Marcus. He was editor-in-chief of SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics from 2009 to 2011. He moved to Carnegie Mellon University in 2021 to become the head of the Department of Mathematical Sciences.
Tetali became a fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics in 2009, and one of the inaugural fellows of the American Mathematical Society in 2012.
# Prasada Rao

Prasada Rao or Prasadarao (Telugu: ప్రసాదరావు) is one of the Indian names.
* Akkineni Lakshmi Vara Prasada Rao shortly L. V. Prasad, an Indian film actor, producer and director.
* B. G. Prasada Rao was the third successor of Frank Whittaker as bishop in Medak.
* Nanduri Prasada Rao was a famous freedom fighter.
* Vangapandu Prasada Rao is an Indian poet, lyricist and actor.
# Praskolesy

Praskolesy is a municipality and village in Beroun District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.

## Transport

Praskolesy is located on the railway line Plzeň–Beroun.

## Notable people

* Josef Nešvera (1842–1914), composer
* Alfred Seifert (1850–1901), Bohemian-German painter
* Jiří Weil (1900–1959), writer and literary critic