OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samuel Smith (prison chaplain)

Samuel Smith (1620–1698) was a priest of the Church of England. He was educated at the Merchant Taylors' School and St John's College, Oxford. He then became rector of St Benet Gracechurch in 1656 but lost that position as a result of the Act of Uniformity 1662. He was subsequently most famous for being the Ordinary of Newgate from 1676. The Ordinary of Newgate was the prison chaplain who ministered to the prisoners. He heard their confessions before they were executed and Smith produced accounts of these which were published by George Croom as popular pamphlets.
# San Carlo, Vigevano

The church of San Carlo is a religious building located in Vigevano, in province of Pavia and diocese of Vigevano, Italy.

## Description and story

The church was built to celebrate the first centenary of the canonization of Saint Charles Borromeo. On 15 May 1710 the Congregation of Saint Charles was founded, approved by the archbishop Giuseppe Archinto in the same year, who had the construction of the church begin in 1724, finishing it in 1736. The congregation officiated in the church of San Rocco until 3 November 1721, and then moved to the Madonna della Neve, where it remained until the consecration of the aforementioned church from which it took its first name. In 1741 the church was visited by Bishop Bossi. In 1802 it was suppressed by Napoleon Bonaparte and transformed into a military hospital; in this period all the works of art were stolen, including the wooden choir. It was reconsecrated and reopened for worship in 1841. In 1850 it was repainted and restored by Giovan Battista Garberini, who completed the work in 1893.
It has dimensions of 26 m long, 9 m wide and 15 m high. The style is purely neoclassical. The facade is simple and is divided into three parts by columns; it has a small bell tower, left unfinished, of the two originally planned, which should have risen from the facade.
It has a single nave and four altars, dedicated respectively to: Saint Louis Gonzaga; Saint Francis Xavier, Saint Francis de Sales and Saint Philip Neri; the Crucifix; the Nativity. The flooring dates back to 1724, in terracotta. Many of the paintings present belong to the church of San Pietro Martire.
# Samuel Hays

Samuel Hays may refer to:
* Samuel Hays (Missouri politician), State Treasurer of Missouri from 1871 to 1873
* Samuel Hays (Pennsylvania politician) (1783–1868), United States Congress representative for Pennsylvania
* Samuel Lewis Hays (1794–1871), United States Congress representative for Virginia
* Samuel P. Hays (1921–2017), American historian
* S. H. Hays (1864–1934), mayor of Boise, Idaho from 1916 to 1919
** Samuel Hays House, Boise, Idaho
# San Francisco Motorcycle Club

The San Francisco Motorcycle Club (SFMC) was founded in San Francisco, California in 1904. It has been in continuous operation since its inception. This makes it the second oldest motorcycle club in the United States, preceded only by the Yonkers MC of Yonkers, New York, founded in 1903.
The SFMC has been a member of the American Motorcyclist Association since 1924. Members are not limited to riding any particular make or model of motorcycle and include males and females.

## Interesting facts

* San Francisco Mayor P.H. McCarthy was an SFMC member in 1911.
* An SFMC member, Hap Jones, was the first civilian to cross the Golden Gate Bridge upon its completion in 1937. He reenacted this event in 1987 for the 50 Year Anniversary of the famous bridge.

### Presidents

Presidents of the San Francisco Motorcycle Club have included:
* 2002 Frank Morales
* 2003 Frank Morales
* 2004 Dennis Casey
* 2005 Eric Schiller
* 2006 Eric Schiller
* 2007 Chuck Dobbins
* 2008 Tegan Hetzel-Dobbins
* 2009 Stephan Kokinda
* 2010 Bob Young
* 2011 Brian Holm
* 2012 Kalle Hoffman
* 2013 John A. Sweeny
* 2014 Tucker Perry
* 2015 Ben Berliner
* 2016 Ben Berliner
* 2017 Barry Synoground
* 2018 Dennis Casey
* 2019 Darrell Scarlet
* 2020 David Simpson
* 2021 David Simpson
* 2022 Jane Williamson
* 2023 Jane Williamson
# San Francisco Mountains National Forest

San Francisco Mountains National Forest was established as the San Francisco Mountains Forest Reserve by the United States General Land Office in Arizona on August 17, 1898 with 975,360 acres (3,947.1 km$^2$). After the transfer of federal forests to the U.S. Forest Service in 1905, it became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908 the entire forest was combined with other lands to create Coconino National Forest and the name was discontinued.
# NiCoT family

Proteins currently known to belong to the Ni$^{2+}$-Co$^{2+}$ Transporter (NiCoT) family (TC# 2.A.52) can be found in organisms ranging from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to archaea and some eukaryotes. Members of this family catalyze uptake of Ni$^{2+}$ and/or Co$^{2+}$ in a proton motive force-dependent process.

## Structure

These proteins range in size from about 300 to 400 amino acyl residues and possess 6, 7, or 8 transmembrane segments (TMSs), thought to result from an intragenic 4 TMS duplication, followed by a deletion of one or two TMSs in the cases of the 7 or 6 TMS proteins. Topological analyses with the HoxN Ni$^{2+}$ transporter of Ralstonia eutropha (Alcaligenes eutrophus) suggest that it possesses 8 TMSs with its N- and C-termini in the cytoplasm. The Co$^{2+}$ (Ni$^{2+}$) transporter of Rhodococcus rhodochrous, NhlF, exhibits eight putative TMSs, and eight apparent TMSs are revealed by hydropathy analyses of multiple alignments of family protein sequences. An HX$^4$DH motif in helix 2 of the HoxN protein has been implicated in Ni$^{2+}$ binding, and both helix 1 and helix 2, which interact spatially, form the selectivity filter. In the Helicobacter pylori NixA homologue, several conserved motifs have been shown to be important for Ni$^{2+}$ binding and transport.
At least one crystal structure is known, determined by Yu et al., available at PDB: 4M58​.

## Reaction

The overall reaction catalyzed by the proteins of the NiCoT family is:
       [Ni$^{2+}$ and/or Co$^{2+}$] (out) → [Ni$^{2+}$ and/or Co$^{2+}$] (in).

## Proteins

Several characterized proteins belong to the Ni$^{2+}$-Co$^{2+}$ Transporter (NiCoT) Family (TC# 2.A.43). A complete list of these proteins along with their transporter classification identification numbers (TCID), domain, kingdom/phylum, and some examples can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.
# Nicholas de Drayton

Nicholas de Drayton (fl. 1376), was an English ecclesiastic and judge.
Drayton was appointed warden of King's College, Cambridge, on 1 December 1363, with a salary of fourpence a day, and an allowance of eight marcs per annum for robes. In 1369 he was suspected of heresy, and the Bishop of London was authorised to commit him to prison (20 March). In 1376 he was appointed a baron of the exchequer. The date of his death is uncertain. He is commonly described as 'magister.'
# Nicoya (disambiguation)

Nicoya may refer to:
# Nicoya Airport

Nicoya Airport (IATA: NCT, ICAO: MRNC) is an airport serving the city of Nicoya in the Guanacaste Province of Costa Rica. The airport is owned and managed by the country's Directorate General of Civil Aviation.
The asphalt runway is 965 metres (3,166 ft) long, and has very basic facilities to receive small airplanes and passengers. There are nearby hills south and west of the runway.
The Liberia VOR-DME (Ident: LIB) is located 27.9 nautical miles (52 km) north-northwest of the airport.

## Passenger Statistics

Although Nicoya Airport serves the main city in the Nicoya Peninsula, there are no scheduled domestic or international service to the airport.
These data show number of passengers movements into the airport, according to the Directorate General of Civil Aviation of Costa Rica's Statistical Yearbooks.
| Year | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Passengers | 129 | 112 | 110 | 106 | 131 | 98 | 96 | T.B.A. |
| Growth (%) | 56.86% | 13.18% | 1.79% | 3.64% | 23.58% | 25.19% | 2.04% | T.B.A. |
| Source: Costa Rica's Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGAC). Statistical Yearbooks (Years 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014) |||||||||
| Year | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| Passengers | N.D. | N.D. | 30 | 172 | 190 | 144 | 348 | 299 |
| Growth (%) | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 473.33% | 10.47% | 24.21% | 141.67% | 14.08% |
| Source: Costa Rica's Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGAC). Statistical Yearbooks (Years 2000-2005, 2006, and 2007,) |||||||||
# Niels Birbaumer

Niels Birbaumer (born 11 May 1945) is an Austrian academic who served as a professor at the University of Tübingen until 2019.

## Research career

In 2017, Birbaumer's study claimed that a brain-computer interface (BCI) device, applied via an electrode cap, enabled four ALS patients to communicate binary responses. This drew considerable attention due to its implications for quality of life. However, the study's replicability was questioned, leading to a German Research Foundation (DFG) investigation, which found the research data incomplete and the results flawed. As a result, Birbaumer's work was retracted, his funding revoked, and he was dismissed from the university. He relocated to Italy.
Despite the controversy, Birbaumer and his colleague Chaudhary received public support from several scientists. Notably, the BCI technology, which was first demonstrated successfully in a tetraplegic patient in 2006, was applied in Birbaumer's research to a patient without any voluntary muscle control for the first time.
The BCI was implanted in 2019 into the brain of a 34-year-old man with locked-in syndrome. After several trials, researchers decoded "yes" or "no" signals into sentences. The study, which spanned 462 days, was meticulously documented. Seward Rutkove, Chair of Neurology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, affirmed the BCI's efficacy but questioned its practicality due to cost and limited applicability.
In March 2022, Birbaumer published a new study in Nature Communications that builds on his prior work. Birbaumer and Chaudhary also claimed to have won lawsuits supporting the integrity of their PLOS report, showcasing the use of a BCI in a patient devoid of voluntary muscle control.
In April 2022, DFG and Birbaumer settled the legal dispute.
# Sandy Martin

Sandy Martin may refer to:
* Sandy Martin (actress), American actress, playwright, director and producer
* Sandy Martin (politician) (born 1957), British politician
# San Lorenzo District, San Ramón

San Lorenzo is a district of the San Ramón canton, in the Alajuela province of Costa Rica.

## History

San Lorenzo was created on 30 August 2016 by Acuerdo Ejecutivo N° 026-2016-MGP.

## Geography

San Lorenzo has an area of 309.15 km$^2$ and an elevation of 200 metres.

## Locations

Head village is Valle Azul. The district encompasses the Bajo Córdoba, Bajo Rodríguez, Cataratas, Colonia Palmareña, Coopezamora, Criques, Kooper, Los Lagos, Las Rocas and San Jorge hamlets.

## Demographics

For the 2011 census, San Lorenzo had not been created, therefore no census data is available.

## Transportation
### Road transportation

The district is covered by the following road routes:
* National Route 702
* National Route 739
# San Lorenzo Department, Chaco

San Lorenzo is a department of Chaco Province in Argentina.
The provincial subdivision has a population of about 14,000 inhabitants in an area of 2,135 km$^2$ (824 sq mi), and its capital city is Villa Berthet, which is located around 1,190 km (740 mi) from the Capital federal.

## Settlements

* Colonia Pozo Colorado
* Samuhú
* Villa Berthet
# Nick Kenny

Nick Kenny may refer to:
* Nick Kenny (rugby league), Australian rugby league footballer
* Nick Kenny (poet), American poet, newspaper columnist, and song lyricist
* Nick Kenny (darts player) (born 1993), Welsh darts player
# San Nicolás, Valencia

The Church of Sant Nicolau de Bari and Sant Pere Màrtir is a Valencian Gothic style, Catholic parish church located in Valencia, Spain.

## History

The church was founded in the 13th century, with a layout that includes a single-nave with six chapels between the buttresses and polygonal apse. The church was refurbished in Gothic style in the 15th century, with a rose window alluding to a miracle of Saint Nicholas. A standalone chapel closed with a gate was built next to the church, which serves as the parish cemetery and, accordingly, it is known as the fossar ('cemetery'). The church portal, which overlooks the Square of San Nicolás, however, is a 19th-century neo-Gothic construction.
The interior of the church was completed between 1690 and 1693, and was decorated by Juan Pérez Castiel in Baroque fashion. It has frescoes, depicting the lives of Saint Nicholas and Peter of Verona, along with virtues and allegories, designed by Antonio Palomino and completed by Dionís Vidal [es]. The chapel altarpieces include works by Juan de Juanes, Fernando Yáñez de la Almedina, Jerónimo Jacinto de Espinosa, and José Vergara Gimeno.
Pope Callixtus III, born Alfonso de Borgia, was a rector of the Church of San Nicolás before becoming pope. On the wall to the left of the portal is a ceramic plaque dedicated to him, commemorating the prediction of Saint Vincent Ferrer that Alfonso de Borgia would become pope and then would canonize Ferrer.

## Gallery

* Interior
* Main altar
* Ceiling fresco
# Nicolas Becker (jurist)

Nicolas Becker (born 1946) is a German jurist and criminal defense lawyer.

## Career

Becker was born in Kressbronn am Bodensee, the second son of the lawyer and educator Hellmut Becker [de] and the writer Antoinette Becker. He grew up at Lake Konstanz, studied law in Freiburg, where he was a leading member of the student movement. His career is marked by many high profile cases. In the 1970s, Becker represented several RAF members at the infamous Stammheim Trials. In the early 1990s, he took over the defense of the former Chairman of the Council of State, Erich Honecker. Among his best-known mandates were Christiane Felscherinow (We Children of Bahnhof Zoo [de]) and, at the end of the 1990s, the impostor Gert Postel. He defended Manfred Krug when he was charged with road rage assault, and also represented the legendary Tunnel Gangsters.
He advised the author Jurek Becker during the creation of a popular TV attorney series Liebling Kreuzberg with Manfred Krug, and has himself ghost written several books.
Becker lives in Berlin and is married to the American-Austrian-Jewish writer Irene Dische. They have two children.
# Sankaralinganar

Sankaralinganar was an Indian Tamil independence activist and Gandhian from Indian union who fasted to death in an effort to change the name of Madras State to Tamil Nadu. He was a Tamil Nadu statehood activist.

## Early life

Sankaralinga Nadar was born in Manmalai Medu village near Virudhunagar to Karuppasamy Nadar and Valliammai in 1895. He completed his schooling at Enadhinatha Nayanar Vidyalaya in Virudhunagar. He started a Khadi business in Paramakudi. In 1917, he joined Indian National Congress and participated in the Indian independence movement. Upon C. Rajagopalachari's request, he left his business and joined Gandhi Ashram in Tiruchengode. In 1930, Sankaralinganar participated in the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi from Ahmedabad to Dandi. For his involvement in the independence movement, he was imprisoned for six months in Trichy (Tiruchirappalli). He accompanied Mahatma Gandhi during his visit to Virudhunagar in 1933. In 1952, Sankaralinganar donated his two houses for a girls school and deposited money to provide food to the students.

## Hunger strike

After independence of India in 1947, Madras Presidency became Madras State. Madras State had multilingual speakers which included Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada and Telugu speakers. In 1952, Potti Sreeramulu demanded a separate state for Telugu speaking people with Madras as its capital. He went on hunger strike with his demand, and later died during his fasts. The Government of India formed a separate state and reorganised states in 1956 based on linguistic lines. After reorganisation, Tamil speaking people became the majority in Madras State. Tamil activists demanded a change in the state's name. During this period, Sankaralinganar started a hunger strike on 27 July 1956 in Virudhunagar, with twelve demands which included Madras State to be renamed Tamil Nadu, the achievement of electoral reforms and alcohol prohibition in India. Leaders like C. N. Annadurai, M. P. Sivagnanam and Jeevanandham requested him to stop his hunger strike but he continued. His health deteriorated and he was admitted to a hospital in Madurai. After 76 days of fasting, he died on 13 October 1956.

## Legacy

The name officially changed to Tamil Nadu on 14 January 1969 by an amendment in the Parliament of India. The Tamil Nadu Government built a memorial dedicated to Sankaralinganar in Virudhunagar in 2015.
# Nicotiana forsteri

Nicotiana forsteri (syn. Nicotiana debneyi) is a species of wild tobacco in the family Solanaceae, native to Queensland, New South Wales, Lord Howe Island, and New Caledonia. It is a tetraploid.
# Nicolás Ibáñez

Nicolás Ibáñez may refer to:
* Nicolás Ibáñez (footballer, born 1992), Argentine forward for Deportivo Español
* Nicolás Ibáñez (footballer, born 1994), Argentine forward for C.F. Pachuca
# Sandwell Community Caring Trust

Sandwell Community Caring Trust is a registered charity set up in 1997 based in Sandwell. It provides residential and day care for people with physical and learning disabilities. It supports more than 600 people across a range of properties. It was cited by the Cabinet Office as an example or an organisation where, "since the staff have taken over, back-office costs have halved meaning more money is spent where it matters."
Geoff Walker is the Chief Executive Officer. He was shortlisted for Most People-Focused CEO at the HR Excellence Awards 2011. The organisation took second place in the Sunday Times Top 100 Companies To Work For survey in 2006.
In 2008 SCCT won a contract to provide NHS and social services in Torbay.
It took over three care homes with 150 staff: Grafton Lodge in Oldbury, Glebefields in Tipton and Greenhaven in Great Bridge in 2011 when they were threatened with closure after Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council said it could not afford to keep them open.
Unity Trust Bank and Big Issue Invest invested £4.2m into the organisation in 2014 to buy new care home facilities.
It planned to build a 62-bed home off Harvest Road in Rowley Regis in 2014.
It took over Occombe House in Paignton which is owned by Torbay Council and run by Torbay and Southern Devon Health and Care NHS Trust. It provides for eight residents who require a high level of care and round-the-clock support. It was agreed in January 2015, after a dispute lasting 7 years, that the existing building should be replaced by two new four bedroom bungalows which will be built and run by Sandwell Community Caring Trust.
In 2021 it cared for 150 people across 66 supported-living settings. The Care Quality Commission put it into special measures after they found it made decisions about people's care without involving them and where it had no legal authority to do so – including administering their medicines covertly and using surveillance equipment in breach of the Mental Capacity Act.
# Nihil admirari

Nihil admirari (or Nil admirari) is a Latin phrase. It means "to be surprised by nothing", or in an imperative sense, "let nothing astonish you".

## Origin

Marcus Tullius Cicero argues that real sapience consists of preparing oneself for all possible incidents and not being surprised by anything, using as an example Anaxagoras, who, when informed about the death of his son, said, "Sciebam me genuisse mortalem" (I knew that I begot a mortal). Horace and Seneca refer to similar occurrences and admired such moral fortitude.
   "Marvel at nothing"—that is perhaps the one and only thing that can make a man happy and keep him so.
Nietzsche wrote that in this proposition the ancient philosopher "sees the whole of philosophy", opposing it to Schopenhauer's "admirari id est philosophari" (to marvel is to philosophize).
# Nightwalker statute

Nightwalker statutes were English statutes, before modern policing, allowing or requiring night watchmen to arrest those found on the streets after sunset and hold them until morning. Foremost among them was the Statute of Winchester of 1285, which was re-adopted or amended several times until its repeal in 1827. It stated that "if any stranger do pass by them, he shall be arrested until morning." Such power was interpreted to extend not only to the watchmen themselves, but also to assistants, and allowed the arrest and detention of all persons.
# Nijō Tamesada

Nijō Tamesada (二条為定, 1293–1360), also known as Fujiwara no Tamesada (藤原為定), was a Japanese courtier and waka poet of the late Kamakura period and Nanbokuchō period.

## Biography

Nijō Tamesada was born in 1293. His father was Nijō Tamemichi, and his mother was a daughter of Asukai Masaari, Tamemichi's father was Nijō Tameyo, Tameyo being a son of Nijō Tameuji, a grandson of Fujiwara no Tameie, and a great-grandson of Fujiwara no Teika. Tamesada was a member of the Nijō branch of the Fujiwara clan, so is known as both Nijō Tamefuji and Fujiwara no Tamefuji.
He died on the fourteenth day of the third month of Enbun 5 (1360).
# Nijō Tadafusa

Nijō Tadafusa (二条 尹房, November 16, 1496 – September 29, 1551), son of regent Nijō Hisamoto, was a Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). He held a regent position kampaku two times from 1518 to 1525 and from 1534 to 1536. His wife was a daughter of regent Kujō Hisatsune who gave birth to Nijō Haruyoshi. He was killed in the Tainei-ji incident of 1551.
# Sandy Nelson (footballer)

Philip Nelson, commonly known as Sandy Nelson, is a former Australian rules footballer who played 244 games with Sturt in the SANFL from 1966 to 1977.
Nelson, who went by his nickname of Sandy, played in no less than seven premiership teams during his time at Sturt. He played mainly as a centre half back and represented South Australia in 10 interstate matches, including carnivals in 1969 and 1972.
His son Ben would later have a long career with Sturt, captaining the team from 2004 until 2010, playing more than 200 games and being a part of the 2002 premiership team; he also had a brief AFL career at the Carlton and Adelaide Football Clubs.
In 2004, Nelson was inducted into the South Australian Football Hall of Fame.
# Sanshay Kallol

Sanshay Kallol is a 2013 Indian Marathi-language film directed by Vishal Inamdar. The film stars Ankush Chaudhari, Pushkar Shotri, Gauri Nigudkar, Mrunmayee Deshpande and Kshitee Jog It was theatrically released on 5 April 2013.

## Cast

* Ankush Chaudhari as Jaisinha
* Pushkar Shotri as Dhananjay
* Gauri Nigudkar as Asha
* Pooja Sawant as Karthiki
* Mrunmayee Deshpande as Sharavani
* Kshitee Jog as Chaitra
* Reema Lagoo as Dhananjay's mother
* Sulekha Talvalkar as Asha's boutique Vishakha
* Sanjay Khapre as Bhujangrao an informer cum Auto Rickshawala
* Omkar Govardhan as Asha's brother Mithun
* Siddharth Chandekar as Siddharth
* Abhijit Satam as Vrushabh

## Reception

Saumitra Pote from Maharashtra Times opined, "In fact, the movie begins with mutual suspicion. So one might even feel this is an overdose of skepticism. But there is no problem watching the movie without much stress". A critic of Loksatta wrote "Newlyweds think ten times before watching this movie! If you want to learn the lesson of 'Do not be suspicious' by watching the movie, then fine! Otherwise your world will not work". jaykrishna from Prahaar stated "This is the doubt that creates doubt in the minds of the audience themselves that why should he have done such a hasty despite having a strong team. If you want to see the performance of your favorite actors and want to laugh out loud, then there is no problem watching it once".