OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# International Fuel Tax Agreement

The International Fuel Tax Agreement (or IFTA) is an agreement between the lower 48 states of the United States and the Canadian provinces, to simplify the reporting of fuel use by motor carriers that operate in more than one jurisdiction. Alaska, Hawaii, and the Canadian territories are not required to participate, however all of Canada and Alaska do. An operating carrier with IFTA receives an IFTA license and two decals for each qualifying vehicle it operates. The carrier files a quarterly fuel tax report. This report is used to determine the net tax or refund due and to redistribute taxes from collecting states to states that it is due.
This tax is required for motor vehicles used, designed, or maintained for transportation of persons or property and:
* The Power Unit has two axles and a gross vehicle weight or registered gross vehicle weight in excess of 26,000 pounds, and/or
* The Power Unit has three or more axles regardless of weight, and/or
* Is used in combination, when the weight of such combination exceeds 26,000 pounds gross vehicle or registered gross vehicle weight.
Exceptions exist for recreational vehicles such as motor homes, pickup trucks with attached campers, and buses when used exclusively for personal pleasure by an individual. Some states have their own exemptions that often apply to farm vehicles or government vehicles.

## Promulgation

Prior to IFTA each state had its own fuel tax system and a truck needed tax permits for each state in which it operated. Most states established Ports of Entry to issue permits and enforce tax collection, which was burdensome to the trucking industry and the states. Pre-IFTA trucks in interstate commerce carried special plates ("Bingo Plates") upon which each state's permit sticker was affixed. The states eventually found this both costly and inefficient.

## How it works

Simply stated, IFTA works as a "pay now or pay later" system. As commercial motor vehicles buy fuel, any fuel taxes paid are credited to that licensee's account. At the end of the fiscal quarter, the licensee completes a fuel tax report, listing all miles traveled in all participating jurisdictions and lists all gallons purchased. Then the average fuel mileage is applied to the miles traveled to determine the tax liability to each jurisdiction. Three states—Kentucky, New Mexico, and New York—have "weight-mile" taxes in addition to the standard fuel tax. Oregon has just a weight-mile tax. Any amount of fuel taxes due (or refund) is then paid to (or received from) the base jurisdiction which issued the license. The member jurisdictions then take care of transferring the funds accordingly. Audits are conducted only by the base state and fuel bonds are rarely required.
# Wang Xingang

Wang Xingang (born 1 January 1932), is a Chinese actor. In 2014, he honored Golden Rooster Award for Lifetime Achievement Award.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1956 | Silent Woods | Feng Guangfa | |
| 1957 | The Son of Herdsmen | Deli Geer | |
| 1958 | The Eternal Wave | Yao Wei | |
| 1959 | Sea Hawk | Zhang Min | |
| 1960 | Meng Long Sha | Jiang Hong | |
| 1961 | Red Detachment of Women | Hong Changqing | |
| 1963 | Struggles in an Ancient City | Yang Xiaodong | |
| 1965 | Secret Eagle | Chen Liang | |
| 1974 | Scout | Guo Rui | |
| 1976 | Great Wall on the South-China Sea | Qu Yingcai | |
| 1978 | The Great River Flows On | Qin Yunfei | |
| 1979 | End of the World Green Sea | Nan Lin | |
| 1981 | Grieve Over the Deceased | Juan Sheng | |
| 1982 | Zhi Yin | Juan Sheng | Hundred Flowers Award for Best Actor |
| 1987 | Hari sa Hari, Lahi sa Lahi | Zhu Di | |
# Westlake Golf Course

Westlake Golf Course is an 18-hole regulation length golf course located in Westlake Village, California, USA. It is an 18-hole course designed by Ted Robinson, ASGCA in 1964. It features 5,080 yards (4,650 m) of golf from the longest tees for a par of 67. The course rating is 63.2 and it has a slope rating of 93.
# Persecution in Madrid

Persecution in Madrid (Spanish:Persecución en Madrid) is a 1952 Spanish crime film directed by Enrique Gómez.

## Cast

* Francisco Albiñana
* Barta Barri
* Roberto Camardiel
* Isabel de Castro
* María Victoria Durá
* Ramón Fernández
* María Francés
* Manuel Gas
* Ramón Giner
* Liria Izquierdo
* Manuel Monroy
* José Morales
* Silvia Morgan
* Manolo Morán
* Carlos Otero
* Fernando Porredón
* Luis Pérez de León
* Miguel Ángel Valdivieso
# Prashant More

Prashant More is an Indian carrom player. He is a two time carrom world champion in 2016 and 2018.

## Career

Prashant won his first world title in men's singles at the 2016 Carrom World Championship. He was also a member of the Indian team which emerged as runners-up to Sri Lanka in the men's tournament at the 2016 World Championships.
He defended his men's singles world title at the 2018 Carrom World Cup which was also his second individual World title. He was part of the Indian squad which lost to Sri Lanka in the finals of the 2018 Carrom World Cup.
He became runners-up to fellow Indian Irshad Ahmed Ansari in the men's singles final of the 8th Carrom ICF Cup 2019 despite having an early advantage in the final. He won the first set comfortably in the final 25-3 before going down 14-25 and 24-25 in the next two sets to his opponent. He was also a key member of the Indian team which won the world title in the men's tournament after defeating Sri Lanka in the final of the 2019 Carrom Mini World Cup.
In 2020, he also took part in an online carrom exhibition event conducted by the All India Carrom Federation via Facebook Live during the time when India was under lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
# Mifflin Township, Ohio

Mifflin Township, Ohio may refer to several places:
* Mifflin Township, Ashland County, Ohio
* Mifflin Township, Franklin County, Ohio
* Mifflin Township, Pike County, Ohio
* Mifflin Township, Richland County, Ohio
* Mifflin Township, Wyandot County, Ohio
# Mike Lockwood Memorial Show

The Mike Lockwood Memorial Show was a professional wrestling memorial event produced by the Pro Wrestling Iron (PWI) promotion, which took place on November 15, 2003 at the Lathrop Community Center in Lathrop, California. It was the first of two memorial shows held in memory of Mike Lockwood, who committed suicide at his home in Navarre, Florida on two weeks earlier, with a second show, the Mike Lockwood Memorial Tournament, run by New Breed Wrestling Association in South Bend, Indiana two years later. All proceeds raised from the event, and subsequent DVD sales, were donated to Lockwood's widow Shannon and their 7-year-old daughter Patty. Six Japanese-style professional wrestling matches were featured on the event's card, though no gimmicks or ongoing storylines were part of the show.
The main event was a 6-man tag team match between Donovan Morgan, Frank Murdoch and Vinny Massaro, accompanied by Patty Lockwood, and Hook Bomberry and the Thomaselli Brothers (Vito and Sal Thomaselli). Another featured match was Pogo the Clown, competing without makeup and under his real name Joe Applebaumer, against Maliki, which Pogo won. "The Raging Bull" Manny Fernandez came out of retirement, at age 51, for a "one-night only" appearance to defeat Lars Dauger, and Mike Lockwood's original trainer Shane Kody teaming with Big Ugly to beat Bart Blaxton and Ryan Drago. All the wrestler's who participated on the show wore armbands with “Mikey” on them.

## Results

November 15, 2003 in Lathrop, California (Lathrop Community Center)
| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| 1 | Tony Jones defeated Jason Moody | Singles match | 02:33 |
| 2 | Flaco Loco and Super Diablo defeated Apollo Khan and Jet Taylor | Tag Team match | 11:35 |
| 3 | Joe Applebaumer defeated Maliki | Singles match | 06:10 |
| 4 | Manny Fernandez defeated Lars Dauger | Singles match | 07:08 |
| 5 | Shane Kody and Big Ugly defeated Bart Blaxton and Ryan Drago | Tag Team match | 14:38 |
| 6 | Donovan Morgan, Frank Murdoch and Vinny Massaro (with Patty Lockwood) defeated Hook Bomberry and the Thomaselli Brothers (Vito and Sal Thomaselli) | 6-man tag team match | 21:53 |
# Mihail Roșianu

Mihail Roșianu (20 October 1900–28 July 1973) was a Romanian Communist official and diplomat.

## Biography

Roșianu worked as a teacher from 1926. He was a member of Communist Party affiliated organizations such as the Amicii URSS and the Red Aid. In 1934 he joined the then illegal Communist Party. In 1927, after founding a powerful peasant organization in his native commune, he became general secretary of the Vâlcea organization, and in 1928, head of sector of the National Peasants' Party organization. In 1932 he was elected deputy and defended the interests of teachers in the Chamber. He was secretary of the county peasant organization (1937) and its president in 1940.
In May 1944, Roșianu was called to Bucharest where he was entrusted with the task of dealing with the escape from the Târgu Jiu camp of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and the other leaders of the labor movement. The reason why he was chosen is that, unlike other party members under the attention of the Security, Roșianu had a possibility of movement that they did not have. In his capacity as a school inspector for Gorj and Vâlcea counties, he had frequent trips to these counties, but also to Bucharest. The escape took place on the night of August 10, 1944.
After the war, Roșianu was elected as a member or alternate member of the central committee of the Romanian Workers' Party. He also served as president of the Romanian Broadcasting Society from March 1952 to February 1954 and deputy minister of culture from October 1953 to February 1954. He was then sent as ambassador to the People's Republic of Bulgaria and the Hungarian People's Republic between 1956 and 1966.
# Miguel García-Garibay

Miguel A. García-Garibay is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry and the dean of physical sciences at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). His research focuses on solid state organic chemistry, photochemistry and spectroscopy, artificial molecular machines, and mesoscale phenomena.

## Education

García-Garibay received his B.S. from the University of Michoacán, Mexico, in 1982. After completing a combined degree in Chemistry, Biology, and Pharmacy, García-Garibay went on to get a PhD degree in Chemistry at the University of British Columbia, where he joined the group of John Scheffer. After that, he joined the group of Nicholas Turro as a postdoctoral fellow at Columbia University.
García-Garibay received an Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award in 2015.

## Awards and positions

* National Academy of Sciences, 2023
* ACS Fellow, 2019
* ACS Cope Scholar Award, 2015
* Appointment to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable of the NAS Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, 2012–2018
* Associate Editor of the Journal of the ACS, 2009–2016
* NSF Creativity Award, 2009–2011
* American Competitiveness and Innovation Fellow, 2008
* Fellow of the AAAS, 2007
* Herbert Newby McCoy Award, UCLA, 1999
* Dean's Marshal Award for the Division of Physical Sciences, UCLA, 1997
* NSF Career Award 1996–99
# Washington Column

Washington Column is a roughly 1800-foot high rock formation, arising from Yosemite Valley. It is east of the Royal Arches, behind the Ahwahnee Hotel. North Dome is above it. Washington Column can be viewed from many points in Yosemite Valley, including the trail to Mirror Lake.
Washington Column has numerous rock climbing routes.
# Lee Graber

Lee W. Graber (born 1946) is an American orthodontist who is the recipient of the Albert H. Ketcham Award in 2012. He also co-authored the textbook Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques along with his father Thomas M. Graber. He is a past president of World Federation of Orthodontists.

## Life

He received his dental degree from University of Michigan School of Dentistry. He also received his master's degree in Anatomy from Michigan Dental School. He then pursued his PhD in growth and development at University of Michigan also. He received his Orthodontic Training at Northwestern University Dental School. Dr. Graber is co-editor of the 6th edition of the textbook Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques. The initial edition of this textbook was written by his late father, Dr. T.M. Graber.
He currently practices at a private practice in Illinois, with his daughter. They have offices in Vernon Hills and Glenview.

## Positions and awards

* Illinois Society of Orthodontists, president
* Midwestern Society of Orthodontists, president and trustee
* World Federation of Orthodontists, president, 2000–2005
* WFO's first executive committee, 1995–2000
* American Association of Orthodontists, president
* Albert H. Ketcham Award, 2012
* ISO Merit Awards
# Lee Graham

Lee Willard Graham (born September 22, 1959) is a former outfielder in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Boston Red Sox during the 1983 season. Listed at 5' 10", 170 lb., Graham batted and threw left-handed.
Graham went hitless in six at-bats, while scoring two runs with one RBI in five games. He appeared in three games as an outfielder, collecting a perfect 1.000 fielding average in seven chances.

## Baseball career

Lee was selected by the Boston Red Sox in the 26th round (641st overall) of the 1977 June Amateur Baseball draft out of Forest High School (Florida).
# Mikka Hansen

Mikka Kirsten Hansen (born 11 November 1975) is a Danish international footballer who played as a forward for the Denmark national team. She was part of the team at the 1999 FIFA World Cup.

## Club career

Hansen played for the USL W-League club Denver Diamonds, where she was the league's top assist provider in 1996 and second top goal scorer in 1998. In January 1999, she moved to Denmark to play for Frederiksberg Boldklub on a semi-professional basis. In summer 1999, after playing in the FIFA World Cup, Hansen signed a one-and-a-half-year contract with Fortuna Hjørring. By May 2000, Hansen had grown weary of football and had started competing as an elite cyclist instead.
Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA), the first official professional women's soccer league in the United States, began in 2001. Hansen was a ninth-round draft pick (70th overall in the global draft) by the Carolina Courage. In 2001 Hansen started seven of her 19 regular season appearances, scoring once. She was released by the team in January 2002.

## International career

Hansen was briefly part of the United States national under-20 team, but decided to play for Denmark at senior level. She won her first cap in a 1–1 draw with Australia at the 1999 Algarve Cup on March 14, 1999. Deployed on the left wing by Denmark, Hansen won a total of 12 caps, all in 1999, including a 3–0 1999 FIFA World Cup Group A defeat by the United States at Giants Stadium on June 19, 1999.
# Ledger (surname)

Ledger is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Barry Ledger (born 1962), English rugby league footballer
* Bob Ledger (1937–2015), English football player
* Charles Ledger (1818–1906), English quinine expert
* Heath Ledger (1979–2008), Australian actor
* Jen Ledger (born 1989), English drummer
* Peter Ledger (1945–1994), Australian artist and illustrator
* Philip Ledger (1937–2012), British classical musician and academic
* Robert Ledger (born 1890s), English footballer
* Ron Ledger (1920–2004), British politician
* Sarah Ledger (born 1989), British ice hockey player
* Sep Ledger (died 1917), South African rugby union player
* Tom Ledger (born 1992), Australian rules footballer
# Ledger (disambiguation)

A ledger is an accounting book for recording accounting transactions.
Ledger may also refer to:

## Publications

* The Ledger, a Florida newspaper
* Ledger (journal), a peer-reviewed journal on cryptocurrency
* Antioch Daily Ledger, a California newspaper
* Jewish Ledger, a Connecticut newspaper
* Ledger-Enquirer, an Ohio newspaper
* Monadnock Ledger, a New Hampshire newspaper
* Monadnock Ledger-Transcript, a New Hampshire newspaper
* The Patriot Ledger, a Massachusetts newspaper
* Public Ledger (Philadelphia), a Pennsylvania newspaper
* The Star-Ledger, a New Jersey newspaper
* New York Ledger, a fictional tabloid in the Law & Order franchise

## Technology

* Distributed ledger
* Ledger (software)
* SQL-Ledger

## Art

* The Ledger Awards, in Australian comic art and publishing
* Ledger line, a tool of musical notation
* Ledger, a solo project for Skillet drummer Jen Ledger

## Other uses

* General ledger
* Ledger (surname)
* Ledger stone, a flat stone slab covering a grave
* In construction a ledger is a horizontal support such as in scaffolding
* Ledger, a paper size
# Mikhail Kopelman

Mikhail Kopelman is a Russian-American violinist.
He was born in 1947 in Uzhhorod and studied at the Moscow Conservatory with professors Maya Glezarova and Yuri Yankelevich. In 1973, he was awarded 2nd prize in the Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition.
He was a member of the Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra, and was a concertmaster of the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra. He played first violin in the Borodin Quartet for 20 years starting in 1976. He played first violin in the Tokyo String Quartet.
Kopelman taught at the Moscow Conservatory from 1980 to 1993. He emigrated to the United States with his family in 1993. He currently is a first violin in the Kopelman Quartet, and a professor of violin at the Eastman School of Music, (Rochester, New York).
# Le Dauphin

Le Dauphin was a French auto maker established in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris by André L. Dauphin. The company first presented a small two-seater cyclecar in the spring of 1941; production ended in 1942.
The car was an open-roof cyclecar with the seats positioned one behind the other. The body was built around a simple tube-based structure, probably inspired by recent developments in airplane construction; there was no separate chassis. The vehicles were produced on a production line at a small factory belonging to Kellner, a coachbuilder previously known for supplying bespoke bodies for chassis of France's luxury car makers. Dauphin versions were made with a petrol engine or an electric engine, with the motor for the petrol version being a two-stroke unit of 100 cc or 175 cc supplied by Zurcher. Petrol for civilian use was becoming unobtainable, and a 2 hp 48-volt electric power unit was substituted. The electric-powered cars were steered from the rear seat, whereas the petrol-engined ones were steered from the front.

## Sources and further reading

* G.N. Georgano: Autos. Encyclopédie complète. 1885 à nos jours. Courtille, 1975 (French)
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bellu, René (2003). "Automobilia". Toutes les voitures françaises 1940–46 (Les années sans salon). Vol. 26. Paris: Histoire & collections. p. 41.
# Panmure Testimonial

56°31′44″N 2°47′24″W﻿ / ﻿56.528810°N 2.790035°W﻿ / 56.528810; -2.790035
The Panmure Testimonial, otherwise known as the Live and Let Live Memorial, is a monument in Angus, Scotland. It was erected in 1839 to commemorate the generosity of William Maule, the 2nd Earl of Panmure (later 1st Baron of Panmure) during the 'year of short corn' in 1826, a year in which an unusually hot and dry summer led to severe food shortages. In response, Lord Panmure suspended the collection of rent from his tenant farmers. The monument was paid for in full by the tenant farmers.
The monument was designed by architect John Henderson, and is protected as a category B listed building.

## Location

The monument was erected at the top of Camustone Hill, at the westernmost edge of Panmure Estate, at the end of an avenue of trees leading from Panmure House. The Camus Cross lies a quarter of a mile to the east on a mound in this avenue.

## Description

The monument is an octagonal pedestal flanked by arched buttresses and surmounted by circular fluted column balustraded above the capital and terminating in stone urn. It stands 105-foot (32 m) high.
# Mibora

Mibora, or sandgrass, is a genus of European and North African plants in the grass family.

## Description

Mibora is a genus of very small to small annual grasses with erect or sometimes quickly ascending stems (often called culms) between 2 and 13 cm (0.79 and 5.12 in) long, growing in tufts. As in all grasses the leaves consist at its base of a sheath closely enveloping the culm, a free standing blade at its tip and a ligule at the inside/upside where sheath and blade meet. The sheaths are tender, shallowly grooved rounded at their back, 0.2–1 mm (0.0079–0.0394 in) long. The ligule is membranaceus and lacks fine hairs (or cilia). The blade is flat, folded along the midline or enrolled and 1–6 cm (0.39–2.36 in) long which are up to 0.5 to 0.7 mm (0.020 to 0.028 in) wide and have a stump tip. The spikelets consist of one fertile floret, which has 3 anthers.

## Key to the species

| 1 | Inflorescence embraced at base by a subtending leaf. Leaf blades folded along the midline or enrolled. Glumes similar in texture to the fertile lemma. Lemma ovate. Morocco. → Mibora maroccana |
| - | Inflorescence without a leaf at its base. Leaf blades flat or enrolled. Glumes more firm than the fertile lemma. Lemma obtuse. Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, middle and southern England, Wales, and very rare in the eastern Mediterranean. Introduced in the eastern USA and Canada, but does not maintain itself. → Mibora minima |
# Riceton, Saskatchewan

Riceton is a hamlet in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.

## History

The first grain elevator was built in 1913. By 1968 Riceton's population was 128.

### Name

According to a collectively-researched 1968 publication on Saskatchewan place name origins, Riceton was named after J. S. Rice who owned the land on which the town was incorporated.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Riceton had a population of 33 living in 21 of its 27 total private dwellings, a change of -45.9% from its 2016 population of 61. With a land area of 0.61 km$^2$ (0.24 sq mi), it had a population density of 54.1/km$^2$ (140.1/sq mi) in 2021.
# Spinor spherical harmonics

In quantum mechanics, the spinor spherical harmonics (also known as spin spherical harmonics, spinor harmonics and Pauli spinors) are special functions defined over the sphere. The spinor spherical harmonics are the natural spinor analog of the vector spherical harmonics. While the standard spherical harmonics are a basis for the angular momentum operator, the spinor spherical harmonics are a basis for the total angular momentum operator (angular momentum plus spin). These functions are used in analytical solutions to Dirac equation in a radial potential. The spinor spherical harmonics are sometimes called Pauli central field spinors, in honor to Wolfgang Pauli who employed them in the solution of the hydrogen atom with spin–orbit interaction.

## Properties

The spinor spherical harmonics Y$_{l,s,j,m}$ are the spinors eigenstates of the total angular momentum operator squared:
    ${\begin{aligned}\mathbf {j} ^{2}Y_{l,s,j,m}&=j(j+1)Y_{l,s,j,m}\\\mathrm {j} _{\mathrm {z} }Y_{l,s,j,m}&=mY_{l,s,j,m}\;;\;m=-j,-(j-1),\cdots ,j-1,j\\\mathbf {l} ^{2}Y_{l,s,j,m}&=l(l+1)Y_{l,s,j,m}\\\mathbf {s} ^{2}Y_{l,s,j,m}&=s(s+1)Y_{l,s,j,m}\end{aligned}}$
where j = l + s, where j, l, and s are the (dimensionless) total, orbital and spin angular momentum operators, j is the total azimuthal quantum number and m is the total magnetic quantum number.
Under a parity operation, we have
    $PY_{l,sj,m}=(-1)^{l}Y_{l,s,j,m}.$
For spin-1/2 systems, they are given in matrix form by
    $Y_{l,\pm {\frac {1}{2}},j,m}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2{\biglj\mp {\frac {1}{2}}{\bigr )}+1}}}{\begin{pmatrix}\pm {\sqrt {j\mp {\frac {1}{2}}\pm m+{\frac {1}{2}}}}Y_{l}^{m-{\frac {1}{2}}}\\{\sqrt {j\mp {\frac {1}{2}}\mp m+{\frac {1}{2}}}}Y_{l}^{m+{\frac {1}{2}}}\end{pmatrix}}.$
where $Y_{l}^{m}$ are the usual spherical harmonics.
# Lee O'Connor

Lee O'Connor may refer to:
* Lee O'Connor (comics) (born 1982), British illustrator and comics artist
* Lee O'Connor (footballer) (born 2000), Irish professional footballer