OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Phosphorylase

In biochemistry, phosphorylases are enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate (phosphate+hydrogen) to an acceptor.
    A-B + P ⇌ A + P-B
They include allosteric enzymes that catalyze the production of glucose-1-phosphate from a glucan such as glycogen, starch or maltodextrin.
Phosphorylase is also a common name used for glycogen phosphorylase in honor of Earl W. Sutherland Jr., who in the late 1930s discovered it as the first phosphorylase.

## Function

Phosphorylases should not be confused with phosphatases, which remove phosphate groups. In more general terms, phosphorylases are enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate (phosphate + hydrogen) to an acceptor, not to be confused with a phosphatase (a hydrolase) or a kinase (a phosphotransferase). A phosphatase removes a phosphate group from a donor using water, whereas a kinase transfers a phosphate group from a donor (usually ATP) to an acceptor.
| Enzyme name | Enzymes class | Reaction | Notes |
| Phosphorylase | Transferase (EC 2.4 and EC 2.7.7) | A-B + H-OP ⇌ A-OP + H-B | transfer group = A = glycosyl- group or nucleotidyl- group |
| Phosphatase | Hydrolase (EC 3) | P-B + H-OH ⇌ P-OH + H-B | |
| Kinase | Transferase (EC 2.7.1-2.7.4) | P-B + H-A ⇌ P-A + H-B | transfer group = P |
| P = phosphonate group, OP = phosphate group, H-OP or P-OH = inorganic phosphate ||||

## Types

The phosphorylases fall into the following categories:
* Glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4)
** Enzymes that break down glucans by removing a glucose residue (break O-glycosidic bond)
*** glycogen phosphorylase
*** starch phosphorylase
*** maltodextrin phosphorylase
** Enzymes that break down nucleosides into their constituent bases and sugars (break N-glycosidic bond)
*** Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase)
* Nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7)
** Enzymes that have phosphorolytic 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity (break phosphodiester bond)
*** RNase PH
*** Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase)
All known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties.

## Activation

Phosphorylase a is the more active R form of glycogen phosphorylase that is derived from the phosphorylation of the less active R form, phosphorylase b with associated AMP. The inactive T form is either phosphorylated by phosphoylase kinase and inhibited by glucose, or dephosphorylated by phosphoprotein phosphatase with inhibition by ATP and/or glucose 6-phosphate. Phosphorylation requires ATP but dephosphorylation releases free inorganic phosphate ions.

## Pathology

Some disorders are related to phosphorylases:
* Glycogen storage disease type V - muscle glycogen
* Glycogen storage disease type VI - liver glycogen
# Phosphoryl fluoride

Phosphoryl fluoride (commonly called phosphorus oxyfluoride) is a compound with the chemical formula POF$_3$. It is a colorless gas that hydrolyzes rapidly. It has a critical temperature of 73 °C and a critical pressure of 4.25 bars.

## Synthesis and reactions

Phosphorus oxyfluoride is prepared by partial hydrolysis of phosphorus pentafluoride.
Phosphorus oxyfluoride is the progenitor of the simple fluorophosphoric acids by hydrolysis. The sequence starts with difluorophosphoric acid:
    POF$_3$ + H$_2$O → HPO$_2$F$_2$ + HF
The next steps give monofluorophosphoric acid and phosphoric acid:
    HPO$_2$F$_2$ + H$_2$O → H$_2$PO$_3$F + HF
    H$_2$PO$_3$F + H$_2$O → H$_3$PO$_4$ + HF
Phosphoryl fluoride combines with dimethylamine to produce dimethylaminophosphoryl difluoride (H$_3$C−)$_2$N−P(=O)F$_2$ and difluorophosphate and hexafluorophosphate ions.
# Phyllogomphoides

Phyllogomphoides is a genus of dragonflies in the family Gomphidae. They are commonly known as leaftails. It contains the following species:
* Phyllogomphoides aculeus Belle, 1982
* Phyllogomphoides albrighti (Needham, 1950) - Five-striped Leaftail
* Phyllogomphoides andromeda (Selys, 1869)
* Phyllogomphoides angularis Belle, 1982
* Phyllogomphoides annectens (Selys, 1869)
* Phyllogomphoides apiculatus Cook & González, 1990
* Phyllogomphoides appendiculatus (Kirby, 1899)
* Phyllogomphoides atlanticus (Belle, 1970)
* Phyllogomphoides audax (Hagen in Selys, 1854)
* Phyllogomphoides bifasciatus (Hagen in Selys, 1878)
* Phyllogomphoides brunneus Belle, 1981
* Phyllogomphoides burgosi Brooks, 1989
* Phyllogomphoides calverti (Kirby, 1897)
* Phyllogomphoides camposi (Calvert, 1909)
* Phyllogomphoides cassiopeia (Belle, 1975)
* Phyllogomphoides cepheus Belle, 1980
* Phyllogomphoides cornutifrons (Needham, 1944)
* Phyllogomphoides cristatus (Needham, 1944)
* Phyllogomphoides danieli González & Novelo, 1990
* Phyllogomphoides duodentatus Donnelly, 1979
* Phyllogomphoides fuliginosus (Hagen in Selys, 1854)
* Phyllogomphoides imperator Belle, 1976
* Phyllogomphoides indicatrix Belle, 1989
* Phyllogomphoides insignatus Donnelly, 1979
* Phyllogomphoides joaquini Rodrigues, 1992
* Phyllogomphoides lieftincki (Belle, 1970)
* Phyllogomphoides litoralis Belle, 1984
* Phyllogomphoides luisi González & Novelo, 1988
* Phyllogomphoides major Belle, 1984
* Phyllogomphoides nayaritensis Belle, 1987
* Phyllogomphoides pacificus (Selys, 1873)
* Phyllogomphoides pedunculus Belle, 1984
* Phyllogomphoides praedatrix Belle, 1982
* Phyllogomphoides pseudangularis Belle, 1994
* Phyllogomphoides pseudoundulatus Belle, 1984
* Phyllogomphoides pugnifer Donnelly, 1979
* Phyllogomphoides regularis (Selys, 1873)
* Phyllogomphoides selysi (Navás, 1924)
* Phyllogomphoides semicircularis (Selys, 1854)
* Phyllogomphoides singularis Belle, 1979
* Phyllogomphoides spiniventris Belle, 1994
* Phyllogomphoides stigmatus (Say, 1840) - Four-striped Leaftail
* Phyllogomphoides suasillus Donnelly, 1979
* Phyllogomphoides suasus (Selys, 1859)
* Phyllogomphoides suspectus Belle, 1994
* Phyllogomphoides undulatus (Needham, 1944)
# Stumbo

Stumbo may refer to:
* Stumbo the Giant, comics character
* Greg Stumbo (born 1951), US politician
* Stumbo (song), a 1986 single by Wiseblood
# Stutter step

A stutter step is a footwork technique in tennis and other sports.
The stutter step (rapid small steps) is basically running forward with small steps while squatting, having the back perpendicular to the ground, and having the racquet up in front. It is a technique used to approach the net after a strong approach shot in preparation for a volley. It allows the player to be in a stable ready position while moving forward and creating a higher percentage volley.

## Common meaning in modern usage

Although the term is mainly used in tennis, it has also become a modern term that is used commonly meaning to "unsurely make a decision or perform a job or activity." For example, you could "stutter step" in a decision, or take slow, unsure steps and be cautious towards it instead of making up one's mind to go for it.

## In basketball

In basketball, the stutter step is a common warm-up drill where you shuffle and scuff your feet in a quick moving motion across a length of flooring. This warm-up is supposed to keep the players alert and help them prepare to defend players in a real game, since the stutter step is a littler version of shuffling.

## In track and field

In track and field, a stutter step is usually related to an event where foot placement needs to be precise: shortened adjustment steps leading up to a hurdle, or on a runway event where the final step initiates the jump, vault or throw.

## In video games

RTS games have players issuing orders to units on a game field. Some units are unable to attack while moving. Stutter-stepping is when units are ordered to move the moment their attack animation begins, canceling the attack's animation while still allowing the attack to happen, thereby allowing them to follow or flee from enemy units while attacking.
# Phtheochroa riscana

Phtheochroa riscana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Brunswick, New Jersey, Newfoundland, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Tennessee and Vermont.
The wingspan is 15–16 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from June to August.
# Phtheochroa rugosana

Phtheochroa rugosana is a small moth of the family Tortricidae.
It is found in western Europe (Iberian Peninsula, France and the British Isles) east to the Benelux, Switzerland and Italy, and further across the Balkans and Hungary to Asia Minor and Armenia. It also occurs in the Maghreb (possibly excluding Tunisia) and on the Canary Islands.
The wingspan is 18–23 mm. Adults are on wing from May to July. There is one generation per year.
The caterpillars feed on red bryony (Bryonia dioica) and probably also squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium). More unusually, they have been recorded eating rotting wood.

## Synonyms

Obsolete scientific names for this species are:
* Tortrix rugosana Hübner, [1799]
* Commophila rugosana (Hübner, [1799])
* Phalaena v-albana Donovan, 1806
* Phalonia albana Kennel, 1913

## Footnotes

* ↑ See references in Savela (2003)
* ↑ Grabe (1942), and see references in Savela (2003)
* ↑ Grabe (1942), Baixeras et al. (2009), and see references in Savela (2003)
# Piano Concerto No. 6 (Beethoven)

Piano Concerto No. 6 in D major, Hess 15, is an unfinished piano concerto by German composer Ludwig van Beethoven. It is not to be confused with the transcription by the composer for piano and orchestra of the Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 61, which is sometimes referred to as the 6th Piano Concerto.

## Description

Beethoven spent a great deal of time on the concerto in estimated late 1814 and early 1815. He made about seventy pages of sketches for the first movement, and even started writing out a full score (MS Artaria 184 in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin), which runs almost uninterrupted from the beginning of the movement to the middle of the solo exposition (bar 182), although the scoring becomes patchy as the work proceeds and there are signs of indecision or dissatisfaction on the composer's part. This partial movement (known as Hess 15) remains one of the most substantial of Beethoven's unrealized conceptions.
A completion of the first movement was reconstructed by British scholar Nicholas Cook in 1987.
# Michael Greenwood

Michael Moore Greenwood (9 April 1935 – 25 April 2021) was an English footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Greenwood, who played as an amateur for Bishop Auckland at the time, represented Great Britain at the 1960 Summer Olympics, making one appearance in the tournament. He combined his football career with working as a PE teacher.
Greenwood later worked at the National Sports Centre at Lilleshall Hall and was also employed by the Sports Council in West Yorkshire.

## Later life and death

As of April 2012 he was living in Harrogate, North Yorkshire. He organises reunions for the surviving players of the 1960 Olympic squad.
In April 2012, Greenwood publicly expressed a number of concerns about the British team due to compete at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.
Greenwood died on 25 April 2021, at the age of 86.
# Right Stuff (company)

Right Stuff Co. Ltd. (株式会社ライトスタッフ), abbreviated as RS, was a video game production company that was founded on February 27, 1990, in Nishi-Ōi, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.

## Games

* Alshark
** PC-98 version (May 24, 1991 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
** X68000 edition (November 15, 1991 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
** FM TOWNS edition (May 28, 1993 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
** Mega-CD/Sega-CD edition (November 26, 1993 / Publishers: Polydor, Sand Storm)
** PC Engine CD-ROM ² version (August 26, 1994 / Publisher: Victor Entertainment)
* Terraforming (fully titled Syd Mead's Terraforming) (CD-ROM ² / May 1, 1992)
* Chilam Balam (fully titled Libros de Chilam Balam) (PC-98 / November 7, 1992 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
* Fiend Hunter (CD-ROM ² / Jan 29, 1993 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
* Sword Master (CD-ROM ² / November 19, 1993 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
* Flash Hiders (CD-ROM ² / December 19, 1993 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
* Emerald Dragon (CD-ROM ² / January 28, 1994 / Publisher: NEC Home Electronics) - co-production
* Revery: Izanai no Masuishō (PC-98 / March 10, 1994 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
* Foresight Dolly (PC-98 / 1994-1999 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
* Alnam no Kiba: Shouzoku Juunishin-to Densetsu
** PC Engine version (December 22, 1994 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
** PlayStation edition (February 2, 1996 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
* Dungeon Hack
** Japanese version of PC-9821 version (March 31, 1995)
** Japanese version of PC-98 version (July 7, 1995)
* THE TV SHOW!! (CD-ROM ² / September 29, 1995)
* Battle Tycoon: Flash Hiders SFX (Super Famicom / May 19, 1995 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
* Jockey Zero (PlayStation / November 1, 1996 / Publisher: Right Stuff)
* Blue Forest Story: Kaze no Fuuin
** 3DO version (April 26, 1996)
** PlayStation edition (December 6, 1996)
* Alnam no Tsubasa: Shouchiri no Sora no Achira e (PlayStation / 1997, December 15 / Release: Right Stuff)
* Himitsu Kessha Q (PlayStation / 1998 July 30 / Release: Right Stuff)

## Other

A newsletter titled "RSのどいつもこいつも!!" was issued.
# Teuvoahtiana

Teuvoahtiana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens, all of which occur in South America.

## Taxonomy

Teuvoahtiana was circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Jae-Seoun Hur, with Teuvoahtiana rugulosa assigned as the type species. This species was first formally described as Placodium rugolosum by William Nylander in 1855. The genus name honours Finnish lichenologist Teuvo Ahti, "in recognition of his contribution to lichenology and especially to development of lichenological investigation in the South American continent".

## Description

Teuvoahtiana has members that are crustose, areolate, and squamulose–an unusually diverse range of forms for a single monophyletic branch of the Teloschistaceae. In some cases, the peripheral zone of the thallus has unique areoles that are elongated to form distinct lobes. This genus is noted for the pronounced thickness of the areolae and lobes. Their colour ranges from a luminescent yellow-orange to a more muted yellowish-brown or dull orange-brown. When numerous apothecia are present, the thallus can take on a less common reddish-orange-brown shade. Structurally, the cortical layer transitions between a paraplectenchymatous to a mesodermatous paraplectenchymatous state.
The apothecia of Teuvoahtiana vary from medium to large size, often congregating in dense clusters. They have a lecanorine to zeorine structure, with a flat disc that displays a spectrum of colours from soft yellow to a more vibrant pinkish orange-brown. The true exciple, or outer layer, is characterised by a complex interwoven structure, known as "textura intricata". The asci, the reproductive sacs in which spores are formed, hold a variable count of one to eight spores. These ascospores are polarilocular (divided into two compartments by a thick septum with a perforation).
Teuvoahtiana is similar to the Australian genus Filsoniana, but unlike that genus, is in the subfamily Xanthorioideae rather than subfamily Teloschistoideae. Close relatives of Teuvoahtiana include the genera Xanthopeltis and Austroplaca.

## Species

* Teuvoahtiana altoandina (Malme) S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2017)
* Teuvoahtiana fernandeziana (Zahlbr.) S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2017)
* Teuvoahtiana rugulosa (Nyl.) S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2017)
The new species Teuvoahtiana meridionalis was recently (2023) described from Antarctica and Southern South America.
# Meurman

Meurman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arne Meurman (born 1956), Swedish mathematician
* Kristian Meurman (born 1979), Finnish singer
* Otto-Iivari Meurman (1890–1994), Finnish architect
# Peter Walker (dancer)

Peter Walker (born 1992 or 1993) is an American ballet dancer and choreographer. He joined the New York City Ballet (NYCB) in 2012 and was promoted to principal dancer in 2022. He choreographed Ten in Seven (2016) and Dance Odyssey (2018) for NYCB, as well as the 2020 film I'm Thinking of Ending Things.

## Early life and training

Walker was raised in Fort Myers, Florida. He began learning tap dancing at age eight, before focusing on ballet after being convinced by his ballet teacher and former New York City Ballet principal dancer Melinda Roy. He took part in School of American Ballet's summer program in 2006 and 2007, before entering the scholl full-time in 2007. Whilst a student, he appeared in a ballet choreographed by Lauren Lovette. In his last year at the school, he choreographed a pas de deux for the student workshop. One of the dancers slated to perform got injured, so Walker danced his part.

## Career

Walker became an apprentice with the New York City Ballet in spring 2011, and was invited to make a ballet for the New York Choreographic Institute in the summer. The next year, while he was injured, he was invited to choreograph for the institute again. He joined the company in fall 2012. He was cast in several featured roles when he was still in the corps de ballet, including in Balanchine's A Midsummer Night's Dream and Agon, Bigonzetti's Oltremare, for which he was cast at the last minute, and as Romeo in Martins' Romeo + Juliet.
In 2015, Walker choreographed for the School of American Ballet's Winter Ball. He used a commission score by Thomas Kikta, a classical guitarist. In 2016, he choreographed his first ballet for the NYCB Fashion Gala, entitled Ten in Seven, with Kikta again writing the score, and costumes designed by Jason Wu. In 2018, Walker choreographed his second ballet for the NYCB, Dance Odyssey, to music from Oliver Davis's albums Fight and Dance. In summer of that year, he choreographed in Munich for Bavarian State Opera's Young Choreographer program.
In October 2018, Walker was promoted to soloist at the NYCB, as one of the first dancers promoted by the company's interim leadership, after Peter Martins' abrupt retirement. As a soloist, he performed in Balanchine's Slaughter on Tenth Avenue, Orpheus and Kammermusik No. 2, in Robbins' Dances at a Gathering, in N.Y. Export: Opus Jazz, Peck's Rodeo: Four Dance Episodes, and Martins' Swan Lake, in which he portrayed Prince Siegfried. He originated roles in Abraham's The Runaway (2018), Liang's Lineage (2019) and Roberts' Emanon — in Two Movements (2022).
Walker choreographed a dream ballet sequence for Charlie Kaufman's 2020 film I'm Thinking of Ending Things. The number was inspired by the musical Oklahoma! and performed by Unity Phelan and Ryan Steele.
In 2022, Walker was promoted to principal dancer, following several veteran dancers' retirements.
# Rackman

Rackman may refer to:

## People

* Emanuel Rackman, American rabbi
* Steve Rackman, Australian actor and professional wrestler

## Other

* The Rackman Center, research institution, think tank, and legal aid clinic
# String Quartet No. 3 (Spohr)

Louis Spohr's String Quartet No. 3 ("Quatuor brillant") in D minor, Op. 11, was completed in 1806, then published in 1808. It is the first of eight quatuors brillants written by Spohr. Inspired by similar works written by Viotti and Rode, the composition is a mini-concerto, written to provide the composer with the means of demonstrating his skills with a violin in a more intimate setting than a concert hall.

## Movements

This quartet is in three movement form:
* Allegro moderato
* Adagio
* Rondo
# William Wyld (cricketer)

William George Wyld (3 December 1859 – 16 July 1900) was a Scottish first-class cricketer active 1879–87 who played for Surrey. He was born in Stirling and died in South Kensington. He played in ten first-class matches as a right-handed batsman, scoring 169 runs with a highest score of 34*.
# Risihorn

The Risihorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, overlooking Bellwald in the canton of Valais. It lies south of the Setzehorn, at the southern end of the chain lying east of the Fiescher Glacier.
# Isabella Holland

Isabella Holland (born 2 January 1992) is an Australian former professional tennis player.

## Career

Holland's preferred surfaces are clay and hardcourt.
Her highest WTA singles ranking of world No. 179 she reached on 5 December 2011. Her highest WTA doubles ranking is 277, which she achieved on 27 February 2012.
In 2008, Holland reached the final of the girls' doubles at Wimbledon partnering Sally Peers, losing to Polona Hercog and Jessica Moore 3–6, 6–1, 2–6.

## ITF Circuit finals
### Singles: 6 (2 titles, 4 runner–ups)

* Legend
* $25,000 tournaments
* $15,000 tournaments
| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | Sep 2008 | ITF Kawana Waters, Australia | 25,000 | Hard | Jarmila Gajdošová | 5–7, 4–6 |
| Loss | 0–2 | Nov 2010 | ITF Kalgoorlie, Australia | 25,000 | Hard | Julia Glushko | 1–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 1–2 | Apr 2011 | ITF Karshi, Uzbekistan | 25,000 | Hard | Tetyana Arefyeva | 7–5, 6–4 |
| Loss | 1–3 | Sep 2011 | ITF Alice Springs, Australia | 25,000 | Hard | Olivia Rogowska | 5–7, 5–7 |
| Loss | 1–4 | Dec 2011 | Bendigo International, Australia | 25,000 | Hard | Casey Dellacqua | 2–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 2–4 | Sep 2013 | ITF Toowoomba, Australia | 15,000 | Hard | Zuzana Zlochová | 2–6, 7–6$^{(10–8)}$, 6–3 |

### Doubles (3–5)

* Legend
* $25,000 tournaments
* $15,000 tournaments
| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 1. | 27 April 2009 | Bundaberg, Australia | Clay | Sally Peers | Maki Arai Nicole Riner | 6–1, 4–6, [9–11] |
| Win | 1. | 21 September 2009 | Darwin, Australia | Hard | Sally Peers | Alenka Hubacek Jessy Rompies | 6–4, 3–6, [10–4] |
| Loss | 2. | 16 November 2009 | Esperance, Australia | Hard | Sally Peers | Shannon Golds Olivia Rogowska | 1–6, 1–6 |
| Loss | 3. | 26 April 2010 | Ipswich, Australia | Clay | Sally Peers | Moe Kawatoko Miki Miyamura | 4–6, 6–4, 5–7 |
| Loss | 4. | 25 April 2011 | Karshi, Uzbekistan | Hard | Naomi Broady | Tetyana Arefyeva Eugeniya Pashkova | 7–6$^{(7–1)}$, 5–7, [7–10] |
| Win | 2. | 24 October 2011 | Port Pirie, Australia | Hard | Sally Peers | Monique Adamczak Bojana Bobusic | w/o |
| Loss | 5. | 31 October 2011 | Mount Gambier, Australia | Hard | Sally Peers | Stephanie Bengson Tyra Calderwood | w/o |
| Win | 3. | 16 September 2013 | Cairns, Australia | Hard | Sally Peers | Miyu Kato Yurina Koshino | 7–6$^{(9–7)}$, 4–6, [10–7] |
# Meurs Challenger

Meurs Challenger is an online graph visualization program, with data analysis and browsing.
The software supports several graph layout algorithms, and allows the user to interact with the nodes. The displayed data can be filtered using textual search, node and edge type, or based on the graph distance between nodes. Written in ActionScript, the program runs on Windows, Linux, macOS and other platforms that support the Adobe Flash Player.
Meurs Challenger was the winner at the 2011 edition of the International Symposium on Graph Drawing, in the large graph category.
It is publicly available as a Facebook application, which displays the network graph of the user's friends.

## Implementation approach

The main problem in network visualization is to reduce data complexity by projecting a multivariate data matrix onto a lower-dimensional planar display space, which is achieved by proper node positioning.
Meurs Challenger addresses this by combining several different approaches:
* force-based algorithms
* modularization techniques
* clustering
* node overlap minimization, which is achieved by guaranteeing a minimum edge length between two linked nodes
* edge length uniformization, using an algorithm that minimizes the total edge length discrepancy of the projected graph
* grid-based layouts