OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# MPB mine

The MPB is a Polish off-route anti-tank mine. It was developed by BELMA (BZE BELMA S.A.) with its partner Military Institute of Engineer Technology. The MPB consists of a metal cylinder filled with explosives, mounted horizontally in an adjustable frame. The mine is intended to be hidden from direct view of the intended target, off to the side of a probable vehicle route, usually a road, to attack the weaker armour on the sides and rear of a vehicle. The mine can be triggered by either a contact fuze (MPB-ZK variant) or an influence fuze (MPB-ZN variant) based on infrared and acoustic sensors, and is also fitted with an anti-handling device. When used with the passive infrared fuze, an acoustic sensor detects approaching vehicles and activates the infrared sensor, which triggers the mine at an optimal moment as the target passes. The mine can be programmed to self-destruct after either 1, 10 or 30 days have passed.
The mine uses the Misznay–Schardin effect to project an explosively formed projectile to an effective range of roughly 50 meters, where it can penetrate up to 100 millimeters of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) plate. The energy carried by the projectile is large enough that it can often significantly damage a vehicle that it hits.

## Specifications

* Length: 450 mm
* Width: 390 mm
* Height: 700 mm
* Weight: 45 kg
# MV Finnbirch

MV Finnbirch was a Swedish roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) ship built in 1978 as Stena Prosper.

## History

Finnbirch was built at Hyundai Heavy Industries in South Korea and delivered to her owners Stena RoRo on 2 February 1978. In 1988 the ship was sold to Finnish Rettig, and in 1995 to Bore Line. In 1999, Strömma Turism & Sjöfart [sv] in Stockholm acquired the ship and kept it until it foundered. Lindholm Shipping, Strömma Turism & Sjöfart AB was the last owner of Finnbirch and her sister ship Finnforest. Both vessels were in timecharter for the Finnish company Finnlines Plc at the time of the sinking.

## Sinking

On 1 November 2006, the ship sank on the east coast of Sweden. At the time of the sinking, Finnbirch had a crew of 14, of four Swedes and ten Filipinos. The ship capsized in a heavy storm which also set an oil rig adrift. The crew were seen sitting on the ship's hull, but the storm prevented rescue boats from reaching the scene and it was too dangerous to lower the helicopter crew onto the violently pitching hull. All but two of the men were eventually rescued after jumping into the sea once the ship had capsized. One of the Filipino crew members died in the hospital after his rescue suit failed and a Swede drowned after being entangled in the wreck. The master of the ship broke several bones after falling, but survived. On 7 November 2006, the Merchant Marine Officers' Association criticized the rescue, stating that the helicopter had been circling overhead whilst the crew members sat on the hull waiting to be rescued.
   If one is going to save lives it is probably best to do so while they are still on board rather than when they are in the water.

## Sister Ships

The Finnbirch has 10 sister ships, these are;
* Global Freighter
* Doric Ferry
* Stena Shipper
* Elk
* Baltic Ferry
* Atlantic Freighter
* Stena Project
* Cerdic Ferry
* Global Carrier
* Nordic Ferry
# Ma'an Abu Nowar

Ma'an Abu Nowar (July 26, 1928 – September 22, 2016) was a Jordanian ambassador.

## Career

* In 1943 he joined Royal Jordanian Army.
* From 1957 to 1963 he was commander of the predominantly Bedouin Princess Alia Brigade an Infantry brigade.
* In 1963 he was counselor, Jordanian Embassy London.
* From 1964 to 1967 he was director of the Jordan Civil Defense
* From March 18, 1967 to 1969 he was director of Jordan Public Security.
* From 1969 to 1972 he was Assistant Chief of Staff for General Affairs.
* In 1972 he was Minister of Culture and Information.
* From 1973 to 1976 he was ambassador in London (United Kingdom).
* In 1976 he was Secretary of the capital, Amman.
* In 1979 he was minister of Public Works.
* In 1980 he was minister of Culture, Youth and Minister of Tourism and Antiquities.
* In 1989 he was Assistant Chief of Staff, editor of Al-Aqsa (newspaper of the Jordanian Armed Forces) director of Moral Guidance and published: The History of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: The creation and development of Transjordan, 1920-1929.
* In 1993 he was minister of Information.
* In 1994 he was appointed deputy Prime Minister and member of the Senate.
* In 1997 he retired from public service.
* He was a first class member of the Order of the Star of Jordan.
# Ma'an, Neijiang

Ma'an (Mandarin: 马鞍镇) is a town in Zizhong County, Neijiang, Sichuan, China. In 2010, Ma'an had a total population of 27,402: 14,391 males and 13,011 females: 4,755 aged under 14, 19,530 aged between 15 and 65 and 3,117 aged over 65.
# MV Grace Darling (1923)

MV Grace Darling was a boat that operated on Okanagan Lake in British Columbia, Canada. She was the last boat used for the granite quarry in Vernon, British Columbia, after an earlier boat also named MV Grace Darling, as well as SS Tum Tum. Grace Darling was a custom-built Turner boat ordered from Vancouver, British Columbia in 1923. She was 20 feet (6.1 m) in length and was small, but durable, outlasting the quarry operation by four years. She was powered by a single-cylinder Easthope engine built for towing. The Canadian Pacific Railway company delivered her to Okanagan Landing by flat car and she was named after the earlier Grace Darling, which had then been retired. The new Grace Darling became known as a first-rate rough-water vessel and lasted for over 40 years, until she broke up on the rocks at Inkster's Bay during a storm in the late 1960s.
# Macaé River

The Macaé River is a river of Rio de Janeiro state in southeastern Brazil that flows into the Atlantic Ocean at the town of Macaé.
The upper part of the Macaé River basin is protected by the 35,038 hectares (86,580 acres) Macaé de Cima Environmental Protection Area, created in 2001. The river basin also includes part of the União Biological Reserve, home to a population of endangered golden lion tamarin.
# MM College, Bikram

MM College, Bikram, also known as Mahanth Madhusudan College, is a degree college in Bikram, Patna, India. It is a constituent unit of Patliputra University. It offers senior secondary education and undergraduate degree in Arts and Science, and conducts some vocational courses.

## History

The college was established in 1961. In 1981, it became a constituent unit of Magadh University. It became a constituent unit of Patliputra University in 2018.

## Degrees and courses

The college offers the following degrees and courses.
* Senior secondary
** Intermediate of Arts
** Intermediate of Science
* Bachelor's degree
** Bachelor of Arts
** Bachelor of Science
# Mackworth Point

Mackworth Point is a promontory in Falmouth Foreside, Maine, United States. It is located on the northern side of the Presumpscot River, at its confluence with Casco Bay, and it shares its name with Mackworth Island, located a short distance away. Both are named for Arthur Mackworth, deputy to Sir Ferdinando Gorges.
The point is connected to Martin's Point, in Portland, on the southern side of the river, by the Martin's Point Bridge, which carries vehicular and pedestrian traffic of U.S. Route 1. There has been a crossing at this location since 1828; the current bridge was completed in 2014.
Andrews Avenue connects Mackworth Point to Mackworth Island via a causeway.
# Macrozamia conferta

Macrozamia conferta is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Queensland, Australia.
This species grows in eucalypt woodland habitat. There are six or seven known subpopulations. The species may be threatened by poaching.
# Macroxystra

Macroxystra is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Madhavi Krishnan (dancer)

Madhavi Krishnan (born 1941) is a Singaporean dancer and actress. She was both a founding member and the principal dancer of the National Dance Theatre Company. She was awarded the Cultural Medallion in 1979 and was inducted into the Indian Hall of Fame Singapore in 2022.

## Career

Krishnan began winning prizes at dance competitions at the age of five. At the age of 14, she travelled to Chennai, India to learn the Kathakali dance under dancer Gopinath Thangamani, and the Bharatanatyam dance under dance instructor T.V. Soundarajan. She toured India and Southeast Asia with her roommate Ganga. While performing in Chennai, she was spotted by actor and comedian T. S. Durairaj, and appeared in his 1963 drama film Aayiram Kalathu Payir. She then went on to appear in over 30 films. Most of the films she appeared in were in Tamil, but some were either in Telugu or Malayalam.
Krishnan returned to Singapore in 1970 and became both a founding member and the principal dancer of the newly-established National Dance Theatre Company. With the company, she performed in Moscow, Kharkiv, Tehran, Jakarta, Korea, various locations across Western Europe and the United States. She choregraphed Thaipusam for the Adelaide Festival in 1971. She was awarded the Cultural Medallion under the dance category in 1979.
Krishnan was inducted into the Indian Hall of Fame Singapore in 2022.

## Personal life

Krishnan lives in Perth, Australia with her husband, Rajalingam Chinniah, a doctor employed at the Fiona Stanley Hospital in Murdoch, a suburb of Perth, and her daughter, Anjali Chinniah, a lawyer.
# Macula (disambiguation)

A macula is a spot on the retina of the human eye.
Macula may also refer to:

## Science and medicine

* Macula (archaeology), a feature visible on an aerial photograph but with no identifiable function
* Macula (planetary geology), a dark area on the surface of a planet or moon
* Macula of saccule, in the human ear
* Macula of utricle, in the human ear
* Macula adhaerens, a cell structure specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion
* Macula densa, a group of cells in the kidney that stain darker histologically

### Species

* Astylopsis macula, a beetle of family Cerambycidae
* Gibberula macula, a sea snail of family Cystiscidae
* Goniotorna macula, a moth of family Tortricidae
* Ortalotrypeta macula, a fruit fly of family Tephritidae
* Schrankia macula, a moth of family Erebidae
* Ulotrichopus macula, a moth of family Erebidae

## Other uses

* Macula (footballer) (born 1968), Brazilian footballer
* A mortal sin in Catholicism
# Madurawela Divisional Secretariat

Madurawela Divisional Secretariat is a Divisional Secretariat of Kalutara District, of Western Province, Sri Lanka.
# Madonna of Foligno

The Madonna of Foligno is a painting by the Italian High Renaissance painter Raphael, executed c. 1511–1512. First painted on wood panel, it was later transferred to canvas.

## History

The painting was executed for Sigismondo de' Conti, chamberlain to Pope Julius II. It was placed on the high altar of Santa Maria in Aracoeli on the Capitoline Hill in Rome, the church in which Sigismondo was buried in 1512.
It was moved by Anna Conti, a descendant of Sigismondi de' Conti, to the monastery of St. Anne in Foligno in 1565, and remained there for more than two centuries, hence the name.
In 1799 it was one of many paintings which Napoleon ordered moved to Paris. There, in 1802, the painting was transferred from panel to canvas by François-Toussaint Hacquin and restored by Mathias Barthélémy Röser of Heidelberg. A note was made by the restorer: "Rapporto dei cittadini Guijon Vincent Tannay e Berthollet sul ristauro dei quadri di Raffaello conosciuto sotto il nome di Madonna di Foligno."
In 1815, after the Battle of Waterloo, the painting was returned to the Papal States where it was allocated to the Pinacoteca Vaticana of the Vatican Museum. It was hung in the same room as Raphael's Transfiguration.

## Description

The painting is a sacra conversazione, where holy figures seem to be in conversation and draw the audience into their discussion. Rather than sitting under a canopy, of the Umbrian or Florentine style, the Virgin is seated on clouds, embracing Jesus, while surrounded by angels. They look down upon Sigismondo de' Conti, kneeling in a red, fur-lined cape. Conti is presented by St. Jerome on the right with his lion, appealing for the Virgin's protection. On the left are the kneeling St. Francis of Assisi and St. John the Baptist, who is standing and wearing a tunic of skins. As St. John points to Jesus, he clearly looks out to us, pulling us in, while St. Francis points to us and looks at the Christ Child. Between the men is an angel, linking the saints of earth to the Heavenly host. Behind them are the towers of Foligno.
Painted during Raphael's Roman period, it is a testament to his artistic maturity, evidenced in the painting's composition, coloring and form.
Conti commissioned the painting to commemorate his survival of a shell that exploded near him during the Siege of Foligno, his hometown. He credited his safety to heavenly intervention. According to the historian Massimo Polidoro, this painting has been used by UFO websites as evidence of a flying saucer crash. Polidoro states that the house of Sigismondo Conti and a fireball are visible in the painting, and that painters at this time used "symbolic meanings that were anything but random". The angel is holding a sign with nothing written on it; according to Polidoro this was because Sigismondo died before he could tell Raphael what "thank you" to the Virgin he wanted written on the sign. Polidoro describes the UFO explanation as "reinterpreting with the eyes of twenty-first-century Europeans the product of other cultures".
# Macluravirus

Macluravirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Potyviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are ten species in this genus.

## Description

Similarly to other Potyviridae genera, Macluravirus is characterised by its flexuous filamentous particles, inclusion bodies in infected plant cells and a polyprotein genome strategy.
Unlike the other genera it is transmitted by insects. It also has shorter particles (650-660 nm in length). The genomes are monopartite. The name is derived from member species Maclura mosaic virus.

## History

The genus was proposed at the ICTV meeting in San Diego in 1998, and subsequently ratified.

## Structure

Viruses in Macluravirus are non-enveloped, with flexuous and Filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 12-15 nm, with a length of 650-660 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, bipartite, around 8.0kb in length.
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
| Macluravirus | Filamentous | | Non-enveloped | Linear | Segmented |

## Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (insects). Transmission routes are vector and mechanical.
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
| Macluravirus | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: aphids |
# Macrobathra anisodora

Macrobathra anisodora is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1924. It is found in South Africa.
# Magic Millions Classic

The Magic Millions 2YO Classic is a Gold Coast Turf Club Restricted Listed Thoroughbred horse race. The race is conducted under set weights and is restricted to two year old horses that were bought at a Magic Millions Sale auction. Eligible auctions are held at Gold Coast, Tasmania, Perth and Adelaide. As of 2024, the prizemoney is $3,000,000.

## History

The race was first held in 1987 and has always been held at set weights. The race forms part of the Magic Millions carnival which incorporates the Gold Coast Yearling Sale and the Magic Millions Raceday is fully restricted to horses that have been sold or passed-in at one of the Magic Millions sales. Magic Millions along with Racing Queensland introduced a revamped Queensland Summer Racing Carnival in 2017, increasing the prizemoney on offer to make it Australia's first $10 million raceday. In 1988 the race was split to hold separate sex divisions for fillies and for colts & geldings and in 1991 was reverted to a mixed sex race. Held in January every year, the race is the first of three million dollar races for 2YO's, the other two being the Blue Diamond at Caulfield and the Golden Slipper at Rosehill.

### Grade

* 1987 onwards- Restricted Listed

### Name

* 1987 onwards- Magic Millions 2YO Classic

### Distance

* The race has always been held at 1200m

### Double winners

Thoroughbreds that have won the Magic Millions Classic – the Golden Slipper double
* Capitalist 2016
* Phelan Ready 2009
* Dance Hero 2004

## Winners

* 2024 - Storm Boy
* 2023 - Skirt the Law
* 2022 - Coolangatta
* 2021 - Shaquero
* 2020 - Away Game
* 2019 - Exhilarates
* 2018 - Sunlight
* 2017 - Houtzen
* 2016 - Capitalist
* 2015 - Le Chef
* 2014 - Unencumbered
* 2013 - Real Surreal
* 2012 - Driefontein
* 2011 - Karuta Queen
* 2010 - Military Rose
* 2009 - Phelan Ready
* 2008 - Augusta Proud
* 2007 - Mimi Lebrock
* 2006 - Mirror Mirror
* 2005 - Bradbury's Luck
* 2004 - Dance Hero
* 2003 - Regimental Gal
* 2002 - Lovely Jubly
* 2001 - Excellerator
* 2000 - Assertive Lad
* 1999 - Testa Rossa
* 1998 - Catnipped
* 1997 - General Nediym
* 1996 - Winger Charger
* 1995 - Zephyrz
* 1994 - Brave Warrior
* 1993 - Our Fiction
* 1992 - Clan O'Sullivan
* 1991 - Bold Promise
* 1990 - St Jude C&G/Dancers Joy F
* 1988 - Sunblazer C&G/Malibu Magic F
* 1988 - Molokai Prince C&G/Sea Cabin F
* 1987 - Snippets
# Mahajamba River

The Mahajamba is a river of northern Madagascar. It flows through Ankarafantsika National Park. The river is surrounded in mangroves.
# Maddila Gurumoorthy

Maddila Gurumoorthy (born 22 June 1985) is an Indian politician from YSR Congress Party. He was elected as MP in 2021 by-polls from Tirupati Andhra Pradesh, India. The bye-election, held on 17 April following the death of sitting MP YSRCP's Balli Durga Prasad Rao in September 2020.

## Electoral performance

He won the 2021 By Poll on Former Union Minister Panabaka Lakhmi of TDP being a YSR Congress Party candidate. He won the election with a thumping majority of 2,71,592 votes against his closest rival Panabaka Lakshmi of Telugu Desam Party. He retained the seat in 2024 elections with a reduced margin of 14569 votes.

## First term 2021–2024

He began his first term as a Member of Parliament on 2 May 2021. His individual attendance at the Parliament is 91%.

### By Poll 2021

Bye-election, 2021: Tirupati :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | YSRCP | Maddila Gurumoorthy | 6,26,108 | 56.67 | +1.64 |
| | TDP | Panabaka Lakshmi | 3,54,516 | 32.09 | −5.57 |
| | BJP | K. Ratna Prabha | 57,080 | 5.17 | +3.95 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 15,568 | 1.41 | −0.45 |
| | INC | Chinta Mohan | 9,585 | 0.85 | −0.98 |
| | CPI(M) | Nellore Yadagiri | 5,977 | 0.53 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,71,592 | 24.59 | +7.21 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11,05,468 | 64.60 | −14.76 |
| | YSRCP hold | YSRCP hold | Swing | | |
# Maddikayala Omkar

Maddikayala Omkar (1924 – 17 October 2008) was an Indian politician from Telangana state. He won as MLA from Narsampet constituency from 1972 to 1989.

## Early life

Maddikayala Omkar was born in 1924 to Maddikayala Ramaiah and Anant Lakshmi in Suryapet District, Atmakuru Mandal, Epuru Village, Telangana State.

## Political career

At the age of 16, Maddikayala Omkar joined the Andhra Mahasabha as a volunteer in 1944 against the dictatorship of the Nizam Nawab. He instilled the spirit of struggle in the people and made them partners in the struggle. He was a heroic Telangana farmer who took up a gun and took up arms in the armed struggle for the liberation of land, Bhukti and Vettichakiri.
Omkar joined the CPM party during the movement. He worked in Narsampet as per the instructions of the party for the formation of CPM in Warangal district according to the needs of the party. Omkar contested the 1972 Assembly elections as a CPM candidate from Narsampeta constituency and won against the Congress candidate Pendem Kattaiah and was elected as an MLA for the first time. Omkar contested as a CPM candidate from Narsampeta constituency in 1978 assembly election and won against Congress candidate Ganta Pratap Reddy and in 1983 against Congress candidate Pendem Kattaiah respectively.
Onkar was expelled from the CPM on the pretext of anti-party activities. He then contested as an independent candidate from Narsampeta constituency (in the name of MCPI) in 1985 elections and won against his nearest Congress candidate Mandava Upender Rao and in 1989 elections as an independent candidate against Congress candidate Epuru Janardhan Reddy. He lost in the 1994 election to Telugu Desam Party candidate Revuri Prakash Reddy by a narrow margin of 87 votes.

## Death

Maddikayala Omkar died on 17 October 2008.
# Magnus Zetterström

Hans Magnus Zetterström (born 9 December 1971 in Eskilstuna, Sweden) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider from Sweden. He earned 3 caps for the Sweden national speedway team.

## Career

Zetterström's first season in the British leagues was in 1996, when he joined the Poole Pirates for the 1996 Premier League speedway season. He returned to Poole in 1998, where he would spend seven seasons in total, split by spells at Peterborough Panthers. He would also make his Polish league debut in 1999 for Lublin.
Zetterström became European Champion in 2002.
In 2005, he joined the Somerset Rebels and went on to win the Premier League Riders' Championship, held on 24 September 2006 at Owlerton Stadium. He was also part of the Somerset four who won the Premier League Four-Team Championship, held on 20 August 2005, at Derwent Park.
In 2008, he became the Swedish Champion.
In September 2009, during the Speedway Grand Prix Qualification he won the GP Challenge, which ensured that he claimed a permanent slot for the 2010 Grand Prix.
He returned for one final season in the British leagues in 2013 when riding for the Belle Vue Aces. However, he continued to ride in his native Sweden with Smederna in 2015 and in Poland until the end of the 2016 season.

## Individual European Championship appearances

* 2002 - European Champion (12 points +3)
* 2003 - 3rd place (11 points)
# Mahalata

Mahalata is a village in Strumyani Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, in southwestern Bulgaria.
# Mahalasville, Indiana

Mahalasville is an unincorporated community on the border of Jackson Township and Washington Township in Morgan County, Indiana.

## History

A post office was established at Mahalasville in 1854, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1928.
# Maharashtra State Textile Corporation

Maharashtra State Textile Corporation (MSTC) is a limited company owned by Maharashtra State. It was established on 6 September 1966, having its head office at Mumbai. Their stated purpose was to take over ailing privately owned textile mills, which were being closed down and make those mills more productive and also to start new mills in industrially undeveloped parts of the state.
MSCT took over 26 ailing textile mills, 19 of which were later turned over to National Textile Corporation. It presently holds Pratap Mills, Amalner, Vijay Mills, Badnera, Shree Shahu Chhatrapati Mills, Kolhapur, Narsinggirji Mills, Solapur, Pulgaon Cotton Mills, Pulgaon, Western India Mills at Mumbai and the Empress Mill, Nagpur.
They started two mills namely Devagiri Textile Mills at Aurangabad in 1980 and Kalameshwar Textile Mills at Kalameshwar in 1984.
The state government closed down all the mills under MSTC in 2001, due to running in losses over the years and presently there are no functioning textile mills under the corporation, however, company holds the lands of these mills.
# Mailand, Shetland

Mailand is a hamlet in the Shetland Islands.
It is on the island of Unst, the northernmost of the inhabited British Isles, near its southern coast.