OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nissan J engine

The Nissan J series are straight-4 and straight-6 gasoline internal combustion engines produced by Nissan from the 1960s through the 1980s. It is similar to the BMC B-Series engine that was built in Japan under licence as the Nissan 1H before being de-stroked to become the 1.0 L Nissan C and 1.2 L Nissan E engines, but wasn't a direct copy.
A version of Volkswagen's two-litre, "JL" five-cylinder engine was used in the (Nissan) Volkswagen Santana with 110–140 PS (81–103 kW) and was called the "J" engine by Nissan, but it shares nothing with the original J20 even though it is also a two-liter engine.

## Straight-4
### J13

An OHV engine of 1.3 L; 79.3 cu in (1,299 cc), the J13 was used in the 1965-1967 Datsun 411 sedan and wagon (originally only in the sporting "SS" series). Bore and stroke are 73 mm × 77.6 mm (2.87 in × 3.06 in). It was also produced for the Datsun 520 and 521 trucks from 1967 to 1969 when it was replaced by the Nissan L engine. Mexican-assembled Bluebird 510s also received the J13 engine. The J13 was rated at 67 PS (49 kW; 66 hp).

### J15

The J13 was bored out to produce the J15, which was introduced in the Datsun 521 truck in 1969 and saw use in various Nissan pickup trucks like the 620 and 720 in various overseas markets through the 1970s and 1980s. It was also used in certain sedans like the 710. It was also used in the PA321 Datsun Cabstar. Bore and stroke are 78 mm × 77.6 mm (3.07 in × 3.06 in) for a displacement of 1.5 L (1,483 cc). The J15 produces 77 PS (57 kW; 76 hp). Max torque at 3400rpm with 12.0 kg.

### J16

A 1.6 L (1,567 cc) iteration of the OHV J-series four cylinders was also built, mainly for utility vehicles. Bore and stroke are 78 mm × 82 mm (3.07 in × 3.23 in) for a total displacement of 1.6 L (1,567 cc). This engine was also installed by Nissan's Taiwanese partner Yue Loong in several iterations of the Nissan Violet, long after Nissan themselves had stopped using OHV engines in passenger cars.
Applications:
* 1972.09-1976.01 Nissan/Datsun Homer, Cabstar T20-series (81 PS or 60 kW at 5,400 rpm)
* Yue Loong Violet 707 - Taiwanese built Nissan Violet, 80 PS (59 kW) SAE at 5,200 rpm
* E23 Urvan some markets.
* 1972-1976 Nissan Homer T20
* 1979-1982 Nissan Datsun 720

### J18

The J18 is a 1.8 L engine that was used in various Nissan models built in Mexico from the mid-1980s until the mid-1990s. Bore and stroke are 80.5 mm × 86.0 mm (3.17 in × 3.39 in), for an overall displacement of 1,751 cc (1.75 L; 107 cu in) and a power output of 89 hp (66 kW) with a Nikki window carburetor.

## Straight-6
### J20

The J20 is a 2.0 L (1,973 cc) inline-six engine. Bore and stroke are 73 mm × 78.6 mm (2.87 in × 3.09 in). It produces 109 hp (81 kW) and was used in the 1966-1969 Nissan Cedric 130. The J20 is basically a J13 with two extra cylinders, although the stroke is one millimeter more.
# Tom Groves

Thomas Edward Groves (1884 – 29 May 1958) was a British Labour Party politician.
He was elected at the 1922 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Stratford division of West Ham, and held the seat until 1945. He had wanted to stand again at the 1945 general election, but his name was not sent on to the selection conference which chose Henry Nicholls as the Labour Party candidate. Groves announced that his son would stand as an independent candidate, but when his son withdrew he stood for re-election, and was promptly expelled from his local Labour Party.
# Zuzana Fialová

Zuzana Fialová (born 17 May 1974 in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia) is a Slovak actress.
She attended the music and drama department at the Conservatory in Bratislava, and in 1998 graduated acting studies at the drama faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava. She is divorced and has a son.
In 2006, she won the first season of the Slovak version of Dancing with the Stars entitled Let's Dance.
In January 2011, Fialová was among those injured in the Domodedovo International Airport bombing.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Director |
| Cinema |||
| 1992 | Veľkonočný sen | Lucia Šebová |
| 1993 | Prípad na vidieku | Stanislav Párnický |
| 1994 | Vášnivé známosti (Lusty Liaisons) | David Kellogg |
| 1996 | Jaškov sen | Eduard Grečner |
| 2001 | Babí léto (Autumn Spring) | Vladimír Michálek |
| 2004 | It Will Stay Between Us | Miroslav Šindelka |
| 2006 | I Served the King of England | Jiří Menzel |
| 2006 | Pravidla lži (Rules of Lies) | Robert Sedláček |
| 2006 | Veľké šťastie | Ľubomír Vajdička |
| 2007 | Teddy Bear | Jan Hřebejk |
| 2008 | Wino truskawkowe (Strawberry Wine) | Dariusz Jabłoński |
| 2009 | Bratislavafilm | Jakub Kroner |
| 2009 | The Case of Unfaithful Klara | Roberto Faenza |
| 2009 | Tango s komármi | Miloslav Luther |
| 2011 | Lidice | Petr Nikolaev |
| 2012 | Aftermath (Pokłosie) | Władysław Pasikowski |
| 2017 | The Line | Peter Bebjak |

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Result |
| Television |||||
| 2006 | Let's Dance | Best Dancer | Herself and Peter Modrovský | Won |
| 2006 | OTO Award | TV Female Actor | Various TV performances | Won |
| 2007 | OTO Award | TV Female Actor | Various TV performances | Won |
| 2008 | OTO Award | TV Female Actor | Various TV performances | Nominated |
| Stage |||||
| 2003 | Talent Award | Best Actor Under 30 Years | | Won |
| 2004 | DOSKY Award | Best Actress | Arabian Night by Roland Schimmelpfennig | Nominated |
| 2005 | DOSKY Award | Best Actress | Hypermarket by Viliam Klimáček | Nominated |
| 2005 | LitFond Reward | Outstanding Performance | Hypermarket by Viliam Klimáček | Won |
| 2006 | LitFond Reward | Outstanding Performance | Valčík náhody by Victor Haïm | Won |
| 2006 | To Najlepšie z Humoru Festival | Jury Prize | Valčík náhody by Victor Haïm | Won |
| 2007 | DOSKY Award | Best Actress | Valčík náhody by Victor Haïm | Nominated |
| 2008 | LitFond Reward | For Theatre | Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy | Won |

### Notes

* A ^ APA published only Top 3 positions until 2008. In 2008, the actress was ranked at number #3 (following the winning Diana Mórová, and Michaela Čobejová as the second).
# Invidia (band)

Invidia is an American heavy metal band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of Brian Jackson formerly of Skinlab on lead guitar, Matt Snell formerly of Five Finger Death Punch on bass, Marcos Medina Rivera formerly of Skinlab on rhythm guitar, Darren Badorine of Six Ounce Gloves on drums, and Evan Seidlitz formerly of Thrown into Exile, Grimace, and Vyces on lead vocals.

## History

The band started when Travis Johnson created a post on the internet, at which time Brian Jackson contacted him, stating that he would be happy to work with him. In 2017, the ensemble released their debut studio album, As the Sun Sleeps with music producer and Once Human guitarist Logan Mader.

## Members
### Current members

* Brian Jackson – lead guitar, backing vocals (2015–present)
* Matt Snell – bass, backing vocals (2015–present)
* Marcos Medina Rivera – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2016–present)
* Darren Badorine – drums (2016–present)
* Evan Seidlitz – lead vocals (2017–present)

### Former members

* Travis Johnson – lead vocals (2015–2017)
* Chris Hamilton – drums (2015)

## Discography

* As the Sun Sleeps (2017)

### Singles

* "Making My Amends" (2016)
* "Feed the Fire" (2017)
# Hatnagoda

Hatnagoda is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# Punctelia stictica

Punctelia stictica is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is widely distributed lichen, recorded in Africa, Europe, North America, South America, and Greenland. It is typically found growing on rocks.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was first formally described by French botanist and lichenologist Dominique François Delise in 1830, as a variety of Parmelia borreri (the type species of genus Punctelia). Hildur Krog promoted it to species status when she transferred it to the then-newly circumscribed genus Punctelia in 1982.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis has shown that it is in one of five major clades in Punctelia, which contains species that produce gyrophoric acid as their main secondary metabolite. This clade also includes Punctelia borreri, Punctelia subpraesignis, and Punctelia reddenda.
In 2020, after a study of the Argentinian type material of Vilmos Kofarago-Gyelnik, Juan Rodriguez and Edith Filippini proposed that Parmelia maculoides Gyeln. should be considered a synonym of Punctelia stictica.

## Description

Punctelia stictica has a light to dark brown upper thallus surface, covered with secondarily sorediate pseudocyphellae, and soredia that are granular to isidioid (somewhat resembling isidia, often darkened and solid looking, but with a cortex and typically arising from distinct soralia). The thallus underside is brown, darkening to black towards the centre. The lichen contains gyrophoric acid as the major medullary metabolite in the medulla, and conidia that are long and filiform (threadlike).
A 1996 study compared the morphological and chemical differences between Punctelia stictica and Punctelia colombiana (another species with filiform conidia), concluding that the species are closely related but distinct, and are possibly derived from Punctelia jujensis.

## Habitat and distribution

Punctelia stictica is a widely distributed species. It has an antitropical distribution–a type of disjunct distribution where it occurs at comparable latitudes across the equator but not in the tropics. Although primarily temperate, its range extends into the European boreal zone. In North America, it has been recorded from the United States. In South America, it occurs in Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Argentina, and Chile; it is very common in Patagonian steppe areas. In Europe it is known from France and Norway. In Africa, specimens have been collected from Ethiopia and Lesotho. It has also been found in west Greenland. The lichen is usually found growing on rocks, and infrequently on bark or on the ground.
# Julio Montes Taracena

Julio Montes Taracena (1915–1997) of Guatemala served as a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in Geneva, Switzerland from 1979 to 1985.
In 1977, Montes was awarded the 120th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. He was also a recipient of the Silver World Award.

## Background

He was the owner of the El Rosario Grande farm in Tumbador, San Marcos, Guatemala.
He was an instrumental volunteer leader of Scouting in Guatemala.

## Scouting

Montes Taracena took part in the following World Scout Conferences:
* 1965 20th World Scout Conference Mexico City
* 1967 21st World Scout Conference Seattle, Washington, United States
* 1969 22nd World Scout Conference Espoo, Finland
* 1971 23rd World Scout Conference Tokyo, Japan
* 1973 24th World Scout Conference Nairobi, Kenya
* 1975 25th World Scout Conference Lundtoft, Denmark
* 1977 26th World Scout Conference Montreal, Canada
* 1979 27th World Scout Conference Birmingham, United Kingdom
* 1981 28th World Scout Conference Dakar, Senegal
* 1985 30th World Scout Conference Munich, West Germany
* 1988 31st World Scout Conference Melbourne, Australia
J. Montes attended the following Interamerican Scout Conferences:
* 1957 4th Interamerican Scout Conference - February in Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
* 1961 5th Interamerican Scout Conference - February in Caracas, Venezuela
* 1964 6th Interamerican Scout Conference - August in Kingston, Jamaica
* 1968 7th Interamerican Scout Conference - July in San Salvador, El Salvador
* 1972 8th Interamerican Scout Conference - August in Lima, Peru
* 1974 9th Interamerican Scout Conference - August in Miami, Florida, United States
* 1976 10th Interamerican Scout Conference - August in Mexico City, Mexico
* 1978 11th Interamerican Scout Conference - June in Guatemala, City, Guatemala
* 1980 12th Interamerican Scout Conference - October in Santiago, Chile
* 1982 13th Interamerican Scout Conference - July in Nassau, Bahamas
* 1984 14th Interamerican Scout Conference - September in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
* 1986 15th Interamerican Scout Conference - July in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
* 1988 16th Interamerican Scout Conference - September in Buenos Aires, Argentina
* 1990 17th Interamerican Scour Conference - September in Montevideo, Uruguay
# Nisiturris obliquastructionis

Nisiturris obliquastructionis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 1.3 mm and 3.1 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off the Solomons, Vanuatu, and Fiji.
# Tom Grubbs

Thomas Dillard "Judge" Grubbs (February 22, 1894 – January 28, 1986) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played in one game for the New York Giants on October 3, 1920. He started the game for the Giants, pitching 5.0 innings, allowing nine hits, four earned runs, and taking the loss against the Philadelphia Phillies.
# Zhang Hong (handballer)

Zhang Hong (Chinese: 张弘, born 19 January 1966) is a former Chinese handball player who participated at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where China finished 6th. Zhang also won a silver medal at the 1990 Asian Games.
# Lee Wilson

Lee Wilson may refer to:

## Sportsmen

* Lee Wilson (footballer, born 1972), English football player and manager
* Lee Wilson (footballer, born 1993), Scottish football goalkeeper for Cowdenbeath
* Lee Wilson (American football), born 1905

## Others

* Robert E. Lee Wilson (1865–1933), plantation owner and owner of Lee Wilson and Company
* Lee Wilson (1938-2013), English comedian
# Ratan Shahar railway station

Ratan Shahar railway station is a railway station in Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan. Its code is RSH. It serves Ratan Shahar. The station consists of two platforms. Passenger express trains halt here.

## Trains

The following trains halt at Ratan Shahar railway station in both directions:
* Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Sikar Express
# Sonalnagar

Sonalnagar is a small village in Lakhpat taluka of Kutch District in the Indian state Gujarat. It is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) away from Narayan Sarovar. Sonalnagar was established in 1985 by Raghdan Gadhvi and has a population of 1,500.
Sonalnagar has a primary school which was established in year 1995. Sonalnagar shares its Gram Panchayat with Panandhro. The majority of the population includes Gadhvi and Rajput people. The district headquarters, Bhuj is 135 km away.
# Public Deb No. 1

Public Deb No. 1 (or Elsa Maxwell's Public Deb No. 1) is a 1940 American comedy film directed by Gregory Ratoff and starring George Murphy, Brenda Joyce and Ralph Bellamy.

## Plot

A socialite is introduced to communism by her butler.

## Partial cast

* George Murphy as Alan Blake
* Brenda Joyce as Penny Cooper
* Ralph Bellamy as Bruce Fairchild
* Elsa Maxwell as herself
* Mischa Auer as Grisha
* Charles Ruggles as Milburn
* Maxie Rosenbloom as Eric
* Berton Churchill as Magistrate
* Franklin Pangborn as Bartender
* Hobart Cavanaugh as Mr. Schlitz
* Lloyd Corrigan as Hugh Stackett
* Ivan Lebedeff as Feodor
* Charles Judels as Ivan
* Elisha Cook Jr. as Communist
* Herman Bing as Dutchman
* Adrian Morris as Guard

## Production

The film's sets were designed by the art directors Richard Day and Rudolph Sternad.
# Julius Mac Leod

Julius Mac Leod (19 February 1857 – 3 March 1919), was a Belgian biologist and professor at the University of Ghent. His father was of Scottish descent.
Mac Leod was born in Ostend. He was also director of the botanical garden. Julius Mac Leod was an active member of the Flemish movement and a proponent of the usage of Flemish at the University of Ghent. He died in Ghent during the Spanish flu epidemic of 1918–1919.
# Nitrolic acid

Nitrolic acids are organic compounds with the functional group RC(NO$_2$)=NOH. They are prepared by the reaction of nitroalkanes with base and nitrite sources:
    RCH$_2$NO$_2$ + HNO$_2$ → RC(NO$_2$)=NOH + H$_2$O
The conversion was first demonstrated by Victor Meyer using nitroethane. The reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of the nitronate anion.

## Occurrence

Most nitrolic acids are laboratory curiosities. One exception is the compound HO$_2$C(CH$_2$)$_4$C(NO$_2$)=NOH, which is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexanone with nitric acid. This species decomposes to adipic acid and nitrous oxide:
    HO$_2$C(CH$_2$)$_4$C(NO$_2$)=NOH → HO$_2$C(CH$_2$)$_4$CO$_2$H + N$_2$O
This conversion is thought to be the largest anthropogenic route to N$_2$O, which, on a molecule-to-molecule basis, has 298 times the atmospheric heat-trapping ability of carbon dioxide. Adipic acid is a precursor to many nylon polymers. In the end, nitrous oxide is produced in about one to one mole ratio to the adipic acid.
# Jon Singleton (accountant)

Jon Singleton is a public servant in Manitoba, Canada. He is best known for his high-profile tenure as Auditor General of Manitoba from 1996 to 2006.
Singleton holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Manitoba. He became a chartered accountant in 1976, and a certified information systems auditor in 1982. Before being appointed as Auditor General, he was vice-president (finance) for the provincial Crown Corporations Council.
As Auditor General, Singleton frequently criticized the accounting practices of the provincial governments of Gary Filmon and Gary Doer. He argued that both the Filmon and Doer governments used questionable accounting to present the province as having a surplus budget. In response to criticism, the Doer government announced in 2005 that it would adopt Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. When he retired the following year, Singleton described this as his greatest accomplishment in office.
In 2005, Singleton accused the former directors of the failed Crocus Investment Fund of misleading investors and approving extravagant expenses. He also criticized the Doer government for not taking immediate action when concerns about the fund were first raised in 2001. Former executives of the fund challenged his claims.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Bud Robertson, "A new auditor named to post", Winnipeg Free Press, 9 July 1996, A7.
* ↑ David Kuxhaus, "PCs fudging the books, auditor says", Winnipeg Free Press, 29 September 1998, A3; Daniel Lett, "Auditor faults NDP's books", Winnipeg Free Press, 9 January 2003, A3; "Manitoba misled public, Auditor-General says", Globe and Mail, 6 January 2005, A12.
* ↑ Martin Cash, "Singleton content as he leaves job", Winnipeg Free Press, 10 July 2006, A4.
* ↑ Paul Egan, "'How could this happen?' Lavish expenses rung up while shares tumbled", Winnipeg Free Press, 31 May 2005, A1.
* ↑ Martin Cash, "Auditor slams NDP", Winnipeg Free Press, 18 January 2006, A1.
* ↑ Carrie Tait, "Former bosses at Crocus hit back at auditor: Say expenses were justified", National Post, 1 June 2005, FP5.
# Ziyang County

Ziyang County (simplified Chinese: 紫阳县; traditional Chinese: 紫陽縣; pinyin: Zǐyáng Xiàn) is a county in the south of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Chongqing to the southeast and Sichuan to the southwest. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Ankang.

## Administrative divisions

As 2019, Ziyang County is divided to 17 towns.

### Towns

| Chengguan (城关镇) Haoping (蒿坪镇) Hanwang (汉王镇) Huangu (焕古镇) Xiangyang (向阳镇) Donghe (洞河镇) Huishui (洄水镇) Shuangqiao (双桥镇) Gaoqiao (高桥镇) | Hongchun (红椿镇) Gaotan (高滩镇) Maoba (毛坝镇) Wamiao (瓦庙镇) Maliu (麻柳镇) Shuang'an (双安镇) Dongmu (东木镇) Jieling (界岭镇) |

## Climate

Climate data for Ziyang, elevation 504 m (1,654 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 32.8 (91.0) | 35.7 (96.3) | 38.2 (100.8) | 38.9 (102.0) | 40.5 (104.9) | 41.2 (106.2) | 40.1 (104.2) | 31.6 (88.9) | 25.1 (77.2) | 18.9 (66.0) | 41.2 (106.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) | 11.5 (52.7) | 16.9 (62.4) | 22.9 (73.2) | 26.2 (79.2) | 29.5 (85.1) | 32.1 (89.8) | 31.7 (89.1) | 25.9 (78.6) | 20.1 (68.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 9.6 (49.3) | 20.8 (69.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) | 6.4 (43.5) | 10.9 (51.6) | 16.3 (61.3) | 19.8 (67.6) | 23.4 (74.1) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.5 (77.9) | 20.7 (69.3) | 15.4 (59.7) | 10.0 (50.0) | 5.2 (41.4) | 15.3 (59.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) | 2.8 (37.0) | 6.6 (43.9) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.4 (59.7) | 19.2 (66.6) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.6 (70.9) | 17.6 (63.7) | 12.7 (54.9) | 7.3 (45.1) | 2.3 (36.1) | 11.6 (53.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) | −5.1 (22.8) | −2.8 (27.0) | 0.1 (32.2) | 7.3 (45.1) | 12.7 (54.9) | 15.0 (59.0) | 13.8 (56.8) | 10.7 (51.3) | −0.3 (31.5) | −1.5 (29.3) | −8.9 (16.0) | −8.9 (16.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8.2 (0.32) | 16.0 (0.63) | 38.0 (1.50) | 66.5 (2.62) | 128.2 (5.05) | 155.1 (6.11) | 183.6 (7.23) | 146.7 (5.78) | 160.5 (6.32) | 101.4 (3.99) | 35.4 (1.39) | 9.4 (0.37) | 1,049 (41.31) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.8 | 6.8 | 9.6 | 11.3 | 14.0 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 11.3 | 13.8 | 13.1 | 9.1 | 6.5 | 126.7 |
| Average snowy days | 4.7 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 11.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 74 | 70 | 68 | 71 | 77 | 80 | 81 | 80 | 84 | 86 | 84 | 78 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 80.1 | 84.5 | 119.3 | 147.5 | 153.2 | 155.7 | 179.1 | 179.3 | 110.3 | 89.6 | 82.1 | 81.8 | 1,462.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 25 | 27 | 32 | 38 | 36 | 36 | 41 | 44 | 30 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 32 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Transportation

* G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway
# Rasmus Pettersen

Rasmus Kristen Pettersen (8 September 1877 – 24 May 1957) was a Norwegian gymnast. He competed in the 1906 Summer Olympics, where he won a gold medal as part of the Norwegian gymnastics team.
# Kameda Bōsai

Kameda Bōsai (亀田鵬斎, 1752–1826) was a Japanese literati painter (nanga in Japanese). He originally trained as a Confucian scholar, but spent the second half of his life as a literati and artist. The book Mountains of the Heart contains many of his most famous paintings.
# Wulgrin III of Angoulême

Wulgrin III of Angoulême is also known as Wulgrin Taillefer II. He inherited the title of Count of Angoulême and its territories from his father, William VI of Angoulême, in 1179.
His untimely death was the first break in the house of Taillefer, which had ruled Angoulême since the days of the Carolingians. As he had only one daughter, Mathilde of Angoulême, the territory went to his younger brother, William VII of Angoulême. Wulgrin's daughter, Mathilde, would marry Hugh IX of Lusignan, who would eventually inherit the kingdom, over the claims of John of England, through Isabella of Angoulême, the daughter of Aymer of Angoulême, the third and youngest brother.
# Sheryl Handler

Sheryl Handler (born 1955) is an American businesswoman recognized as one of the founders of Thinking Machines. She is the founder and CEO of Ab Initio.

## Education and career

Handler attended Case Western Reserve University for interior design and received her master's degree in landscape architecture from Harvard University. Handler had previously participated in the start-up of the Genetics Institute at Harvard and was pursuing her doctorate in city planning at MIT when she met Danny Hillis, a fellow MIT graduate student working on parallel computing. Hillis and his PhD advisor, Marvin Minsky, were looking to market a connection machine as a tool with which to develop software programs for artificial intelligence. Handler helped found the Thinking Machines Corporation, where she served as CEO until 1992. After Thinking Machines went bankrupt in 1995, Handler and several other former employees founded Ab Initio Software.