OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Edward Colby

William Edward Colby (May 28, 1875 – November 9, 1964) was an American lawyer, conservationist, and the first Secretary of the Sierra Club.

## Early life and education

William Colby was born in Benicia, California and was brought up by his aunt after being orphaned at the age of six. He received his law degree from Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco, and his legal practice specialized in forestry and mining issues. In 1937, he received an Honorary Degree from Mills College, then a women's college, in Oakland, California.

## Colby and the Sierra Club

Colby joined the Sierra Club in 1898, the year of his graduation from law school. He served as the club's representative in the Yosemite Valley area. In 1900, he became the club's secretary, and served (bar two years) in that post until 1946. He also served as a director of the club for 49 years.
Colby was a pioneer in the Sierra Club's outing program, and led his High Trips to the Yosemite area from 1901 to 1929; he also led the 1928 High Trip to the Canadian Rockies, and at the end of that trip was given a heartfelt fireside tribute by his fellow hikers, who included 26-year-old photographer Ansel Adams. Colby joined Sierra Club founder John Muir in lobbying the U.S. Federal authorities to protect the Yosemite Valley, by the creation of the Yosemite National Park.
In 1905, when the city of San Francisco lobbied Congress to allow it to dam the Hetch Hetchy Valley to provide the growing city with water, Muir and Colby were leaders of the campaign to prevent the damming of the Tuolumne River and the flooding of the valley. Colby called the valley "the indispensable entrance and exit to the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne, next to the Canyon of the Colorado, the most wonderful gorge in America.".
In 1927, when the California Legislature established the State Park Commission, Colby was its first Secretary. Other members of the State Park Commission included: Major Frederick R. Burnham, W. F. Chandler, Henry W. O'Melveny, and Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur.
Colby wrote the introduction for Muir's book, Studies in the Sierra.
Colby's other campaigns led to the expansion of the Sequoia National Park and the creation of Olympic National Park and the Kings Canyon National Park.
In 1960, he was the first winner of the Sierra Club John Muir Award. He was a trustee of the Sierra Club Foundation from 1960 until his death.
Colby died at home in Big Sur, California on November 9, 1964. In 1965, the Sierra Club re-dedicated the reading room and library in its San Francisco headquarters as the William E. Colby Memorial Library. The Sierra Club annually awards the William E. Colby Award to those it feels have given great service to the environment.
# Hall Natural Area

The Hall Natural Area or Harvey Monroe Hall Natural Area is a region on the eastern border of Yosemite National Park in California. The area is located about 1.25 miles (2.0 km) northwest of Tioga Pass, and is approximately four miles (6.4 km) long from north to south and 2.75 miles (4.4 km) wide at its widest point. It lies completely within the Inyo National Forest.

## Geography

The Natural Area covers 3,883 acres (1,571 ha). Elevations range from 9,600 feet (2,900 m) along Lee Vining Creek to 12,590 feet (3,840 m) atop Mount Conness. The entire area is drained by Lee Vining Creek, which flows from northwest to southeast. Glaciation strongly affected the topography. Several deeply glaciated northeast-facing cirques are present, with steep headwalls and flats or lakes at their floors. Much of the lower elevation area is stepped topography resulting from differential erosion along jointing planes in the granitic bedrock.
The climate is high Sierran montane with copious winter snowfall. Average annual precipitation is estimated to be more than 25 inches (640 mm). There is great variation in temperature and growing season.

## History and purpose

The Research Natural Area (RNA) program is a nationwide system created to protect a network of federally administered public lands for the primary purposes of maintaining biological diversity, providing baseline ecological information, and encouraging research and university natural history education. In California, the RNA program is administered jointly by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station and Pacific Southwest Region
The Hall Natural Area was one of the first established in California (in 1933). The Carnegie Institution of Washington’s studies on genotype-environment interactions made much use of the transplant gardens at the south end of the Natural Area. Since then, other researchers have used the area, studying social organization of Belding ground squirrels, dynamics of wind-blown detritus in snow banks, and community structuring of subalpine forest birds.
# Pseudomonas excibis

Pseudomonas excibis is a gram-negative, rod bacterium first isolated from the gastric caeca of the cactus bug (Chelinidea vittiger). The type strain is ATCC 12293.
# Takuya Nakase

Takuya Nakase (中瀬卓也, Nakase Takuya, born 19 November 1982 in Ōtsu, Shiga) is a Japanese artistic gymnast.
# Taiwan Esperanto Association

The Taiwan Esperanto Association was a Taiwanese society founded to promote Esperanto. It was active in Taiwan under Japanese rule, notably Taipei, during the 1920s and 1930s. Its predecessor was the Japan Esperanto Association, Taiwan Branch, founded in 1913 by Kodama Shirō (児玉四郎). (The new Tajvana Esperantista Asocio, founded 1990, is historically unrelated.) The society exchanged its official monthly publication, La Verda Ombro ("The Green Shade"; 1919-1924), with many similar-minded societies overseas. The well-known political activist Ren Onkyō (連 温卿) was the main editor.
In the early 1930s, the society was active in internationalist politics unrelated to Esperanto promotion. In 1932, for example, it attempted to publish an article in a leading paper condemning Japan's invasion of Manchuria; the article was censored by the Japanese authorities. In the following year it took part in an alliance to protest Adolf Hitler.
Publication:
# Jealousy (Dirt Band album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Jealousy is an album released in 1981 by the Dirt Band (a.k.a. Nitty Gritty Dirt Band). It reached #102 on the US album charts. The single "Fire in the Sky" reached #76 on the US singles chart.

## Track listing

* "Jealousy" (Holster, Hanna, Carpenter) – 3:38
* "Too Close For Comfort" (Hanna, Hathaway, Carpenter) – 3:05
* "Fire in the Sky" (Carpenter, Hanna) – 4:37
* "Love is the Last Thing" (Hanna, Hathaway, Carpenter) – 3:42
* "Crossfire" (Hanna, Carpenter) – 4:02
* "Circular Man" (Fadden, Carpenter, Hanna) – 3:46
* "Catch the Next Dream" (Silbar, Lorber, Van Stephenson) – 3:22
* "So You Run" (Holster, Carpenter) – 3:18
* "Forget It!" (Hathaway, Hanna, Carpenter) – 3:09
* "Easy Slow" (Hathaway, Hanna, Carpenter) – 4:26

## Personnel

* Jeff Hanna – rhythm and lead guitar, vocals
* Jimmie Fadden – harmonica, vocals
* John McEuen – acoustic guitar, electric 12-string guitar, lap steel guitar, 5-string banjo
* Bob Carpenter – keyboards, rhythm guitar on "Crossfire", vocals
* Richard Hathaway – bass guitar
* Al Garth – saxophone, violin
Additional musicians
* Rick Shlosser – drums
* M. L. Benoit – congas, percussion
* Steve Lukather – lead guitar on "Jealousy"
* John Macy – pedal steel guitar
* Bryan Savage – additional saxophone on "Fire in the Sky"
Background vocals
* Kenny Loggins
* Rosemary Butler
* David Holster
* The "Goodbye" Girls – Karen and Lisa

## Production

* Producer – Jeff Hanna and Bob Edwards

## Track personnel

* "Jealousy" – lead vocals: Jeff Hanna, harmony vocals: Rosemary Butler
* "Too Close For Comfort" – lead vocals: Jeff Hanna, harmony vocals: Bob Carpenter, Jeff Hanna
* "Fire in the Sky" – lead vocals: Jeff Hanna with Kenny Loggins
* "Love is the Last Thing" – lead vocals: Bob Carpenter, harmony vocals: Jeff Hanna
* "Crossfire" – lead vocals: Jeff Hanna, background vocals: Bob Carpenter, David Holster
* "Circular Man" – lead vocals: Jeff Hanna, harmony vocals: Bob Carpenter
* "Catch the Next Dream" – lead vocals: Jeff Hanna, harmony vocals: Bob Carpenter
* "So You Run" – lead vocals: Jimmie Fadden, background vocals: Jeff Hanna, Bob Carpenter, David Holster
* "Forget It!" – lead vocals: Jeff Hanna, featuring: the Doowrats and the "Goodbye" Girls
* "Easy Slow" – lead vocals: Bob Carpenter, background vocals: Jeff Hanna, Bob Carpenter

## Discography

* Nitty Gritty Dirt Band discography
# Let's Go (Pharoahe Monch song)

"Let's Go" is the second single from Pharoahe Monch's 2007 album Desire (Pharoahe Monch album). It was released on September 15, 2006, by SRC Records as a 12" vinyl with a double A-Side. It features singing by MeLa Machinko, a fast-paced guitar-led beat produced by Black Milk, scratches provided by Boogie Blind, and two verses rapped by Pharoahe Monch.

## Track listing
### A-Side

* "Let's Go (Clean)"
* "Let's Go (Dirty)"
* "Let's Go (Instrumental)"

### B-Side

* "Let's Go (Clean)"
* "Let's Go (Dirty)"
* "Let's Go (Instrumental)"
# Little Monsters (game show)

Little Monsters is a British game show that aired on Sky One from the 4th of September to the 6th of November in 2003.

## Premise

On a riverside wharf and abandoned warehouse in London, five misbehaving children take control of five unfortunate adults while they compete in a series of painful, messy and most of all humiliating games in order for the chance to play for £1,000.
The "monsters" consist of five 10 year olds. (Adsy, Bigfoot, Flip, JJ and Scuds)
Five adults start the game, and after each game they are awarded points based on their performance or position in the game. 10 points is awarded to the winner and zero points for the adult who comes last, but other points vary for middle positions, The Monsters take control of the adults at all times and they can punish any adult for any reason at any time of the game and can occasionally award extra points during punishments. After a certain number of games, the adult who has the lowest overall score is eliminated from the show and has to walk the plank into the River Thames. When four adults have been eliminated, the surviving adult will compete against the Monsters in the final round the 'Nightmare Playground' where they must tackle five crazy obstacles. (Seesaws, Skateboards, Suspended wobbly bridges, climbing wall and a tightrope) with each obstacle they must attempt to grab some of the prize money that are in £100 bags. After the adult has finished the course, they have to make a final decision by running through one of two doors (one is bricked up and one is made of paper). If they go through the wrong door then the adult will lose half of their winnings, but if they go through the correct door then they get to escape and leave the Monsters' wharf with all their winnings.
# William Minor

William Minor is the name of:
* William Chester Minor (1834–1920), American surgeon, prolific contributor to the Oxford English Dictionary
* William J. Minor (1808–1869), American planter and banker in the Antebellum South
* William T. Minor (1815–1889), American politician
* William Minor (New York City), New York assemblyman
* William Minor (poet) (born 1969), American minimalist poet
* Bill Minor (1922–2017), American journalist and columnist
# Hall Park Academy

Hall Park Academy (formerly Eastwood Comprehensive School) is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in Eastwood in the English county of Nottinghamshire.
Previously a community school administered by Nottinghamshire County Council, Eastwood Comprehensive School converted to academy status on 1 July 2014 and was renamed Hall Park Academy. The school is now sponsored by the Redhill Academy Trust, however Hall Park Academy continues to coordinate with Nottinghamshire County Council for admissions.
Hall Park Academy offers GCSEs, BTECs and NVQs as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels and further BTECs.

## History
### Technical school

The school was known as Eastwood Hall Park Secondary Technical School, a technical-grammar school, which opened in 1957.

## Notable former pupils
### Eastwood Comprehensive School

* Samit Patel, cricketer
* Lone (musician), electronic musician

### Hall Park Technical Grammar School

* Stuart Boam, who was a centre-back for Middlesbrough
* Alan Buckley, who was a striker for Walsall
* Paul K. Joyce (head boy in 1975), composer who wrote Can We Fix It? (reached number 1 in 2000) for Bob the Builder
* Tony Woodcock (footballer), who was a striker for Nottingham Forest
# Protection Command

The Protection Command is one of the commands within the Specialist Operations directorate of London's Metropolitan Police Service. The command specialises in protective security and has two branches: Royalty and Specialist Protection (RaSP), providing protection to the royal family and close protection to government officials, and Parliamentary and Diplomatic Protection (PaDP), providing uniformed security to government buildings, officials and diplomats. In contrast with the vast majority of British police officers, many members of the Protection Command routinely carry firearms in the course of their duties and all are authorised firearms officers.

## Branches

In April 2015, the branches of Protection Command and elements of Security Command were merged into two distinct branches under the control of Protection Command: Royalty and Specialist Protection (RaSP; a merger of Royalty Protection and Specialist Protection) and Parliamentary and Diplomatic Protection (PaDP; a merger of the Diplomatic Protection Group and the Palace of Westminster Division of Security Command).

### Royalty and Specialist Protection

The Royalty and Specialist Protection (RaSP) was formed following a merger of the Royalty Protection Command (SO14) with the Specialist Protection Command (SO1) in April 2015.
The department has three service areas:
* Close protection for members of the Royal Family, government ministers (which includes the Prime Minister) and visiting heads of state.
* The Special Escort Group (SEG) who provide mobile armed protection to members of the royal family and government ministers
* Armed security at royal residences in London, Windsor and Scotland.
Prior to 1978, when the Royalty Protection Branch was formed as a separate non-divisional specialist unit, royalty protection officers were attached for administrative purposes to "A" Division, although they fell within "A" Department at New Scotland Yard.

### Parliamentary and Diplomatic Protection

Parliamentary and Diplomatic Protection (PaDP) was formed following a merger of the Diplomatic Protection Group (SO6) with the Palace of Westminster Division (SO17) in April 2015.
PaDP provide armed and unarmed protection of embassies, missions and the Parliamentary Estate. They also provide residential protection for high-profile government ministers and are responsible for access control and security at Downing Street and New Scotland Yard.
PaDP was the command in which Police Constable Keith Palmer, who was killed in an attack at Westminster in 2017, worked, as did convicted kidnapper, murderer and rapist Wayne Couzens who used his status as a Police Officer to deceive his victim Sarah Everard by falsely arresting her.
# Takashi Aiki

Takashi Aiki (相木 崇, Aiki Takashi, born May 16, 1978 in Kumamoto, Japan) is a retired Nippon Professional Baseball player. He played for the Orix Buffaloes and the Hanshin Tigers.
# Thurloo Downs

Thurloo Downs Station, most commonly known as Thurloo Downs, is a pastoral lease that has operated as both a sheep station and a cattle station in outback New South Wales. It is located approximately 175 kilometres (109 mi) north of White Cliffs and 255 kilometres (158 mi) north west of Bourke on the Berawinnia Creek close to the Queensland border.
The property is about two thirds lightly timbered open country with the remainder made up of sandhills and stony ridges.

## History

Established prior to 1883 in that year it was owned by Messrs Rowan and Mactier.
The property was inspected in 1896, when John Samuel Barrow was manager, and occupied an area of 200,800 acres (81,261 ha) and was fully enclosed with eight tanks, one dam and one well.
John Augustus Ibbott acquired the property in 1903 and settled there with his family of five sons and two daughters.
Sidney Kidman acquired the property in 1918 along with Urisino and Elsinora from Goldsbrough, Mort and Co.
In 1954 part of Thurloo Downs, along with Elsinora Station were resumed for the soldier settlement scheme for returned servicemen from Korea and Malayan operation forces. The total area resumed was 77,341 acres (31,299 ha), forming a block known as Kendabooka and was first drawn by Lieutenant Joe Waites.
Thurloo Downs will be the site of a total solar eclipse on 25 November 2030.
# Scyllo-inosamine 4-kinase

In enzymology, a scyllo-inosamine 4-kinase (EC 2.7.1.65) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    ATP + 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol $\rightleftharpoons$ ADP + 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol, whereas its two products are ADP and 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include scyllo-inosamine kinase (phosphorylating), scyllo-inosamine kinase, and ATP:inosamine phosphotransferase. This enzyme participates in streptomycin biosynthesis.
# Wilderness: A Survival Adventure

Wilderness: A Survival Adventure is a survival game, with gameplay revolving around surviving in a harsh landscape. The game created by Wesley Huntress and Charles Kohlhase.

## Plot

The background of the game's story is minimal. All that is truly known is that the player character has become lost in a wilderness area (the default being the Sierra Nevada) after his plane crashes, and must actively work to survive and possibly find a way to escape back to civilization. Interaction with other characters is scarce or entirely absent, depending on the terrain and how the player chooses to progress throughout the game.

## Gameplay

Gameplay uses textual input and has 300 different typed commands. In order to facilitate this, the game engine has a vocabulary of over 300 words. For example, to drink potable water one might type:
| carry water | How many ounces? | 1 | OK what next? | use matches | OK what next? | make fire | be careful | use utensils | OK what next? | boil water | OK what next? | drink water |
The player must keep track of hunger, thirst, and fatigue temperature in addition to Health; given as a percentage. This requires the accomplishment of everyday tasks such as eating, drinking, and sleeping, as well as hunting, cooking, gathering, and finding a place to rest.
Another important aspect of the game is the item-crafting system. Many are useful, but absent. However, the game allows the player to create tools, weapons, and other items to assist in the player character's survival. For example, to use a splint, required if an injury is sustained, the player must have/acquire rope and a stick.
Many of the items, such as kindling and arrows, degrade over time and ultimately break, making the building of additional items necessary. Foods, such as meats, can go rotten in just an in-game day, but there are some which will not, due to being preserved.
The game features a non-linear structure, giving the player the freedom to progress through the game without specific goals in mind beyond attaining the basic necessities of survival.

## Reviews

* Casus Belli #30 (Jan 1986)
* Games #70
* Tilt #47
# Tony Tyler

James Edward Anthony Tyler (31 October 1943 in Bristol – 28 October 2006 in Hastings, East Sussex) was a British writer who authored several books and wrote for the magazines NME, Macworld, MacUser, PC Pro and Computer Shopper.
He joined the NME in 1972, recruited by editor Alan Smith.
He was an early expert on the Middle-earth fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien, publishing The Tolkien Companion in 1976. It was a concordance describing all the characters, objects, and places named in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings (The Silmarillion was published the following year). A revised edition was still in print in 2022 as The Complete Tolkien Companion.
# Myersiohyla

Myersiohyla is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. It was erected in 2005 following a major revision of the Hylidae and initially included four species that were previously placed in the genus Hyla. The genus is found in the tepui region of Guyana and Venezuela.

## Species

There are six species in this genus:
* Myersiohyla aromatica (Ayarzagüena and Señaris, 1994)
* Myersiohyla chamaeleo (Faivovich, McDiarmid, and Myers, 2013)
* Myersiohyla inparquesi (Ayarzagüena and Señaris, 1994)
* Myersiohyla liliae (Kok, 2006)
* Myersiohyla loveridgei (Rivero, 1961)
* Myersiohyla neblinaria (Faivovich, McDiarmid, and Myers, 2013)
# William Johnson Kerr

William Johnson Kerr (1787 – April 23, 1845) was a political figure in Upper Canada.
He was born in 1787, the son of Robert Kerr and grandson of Sir William Johnson. He was a captain in the Indian Department and with John Brant and John Norton, he led a group of Six Nations warriors at the Battle of Queenston Heights. He was also involved in the Battle of Beaver Dams and other battles during the War of 1812. He was captured by the Americans at the Battle of Lundy's Lane and was released after the war. He was named justice of the peace in the Niagara District in 1817 and in the Gore District in 1828. In 1818, he participated in meetings organized by Robert Gourlay and presented a list of grievances to Lieutenant Governor Sir Peregrine Maitland. He represented the 2nd riding of Lincoln in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1820 to 1824. He served as superintendent for the Burlington Bay Canal project, alongside Michael Tipson. In 1832, no longer sympathetic to the reform cause, he took part in an assault on William Lyon Mackenzie in Hamilton and was charged and fined.
He had married Elizabeth Brant, the daughter of Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea), and, on John Brant's death in 1832, his son William Simcoe was chosen as Brant's successor. Kerr also led members of the Six Nations during the Upper Canada Rebellion.
He died at Wellington Square (Burlington) in 1845.
# SkyTrain

SkyTrain or Skytrain may refer to:

## Rail transport
### Urban transport

* SkyTrain (Metro Manila), a proposed people mover in Metro Manila, Philippines
* SkyTrain (Vancouver), a rapid transit system in Metro Vancouver, Canada
* Accra Skytrain, a proposed rail network in Accra, Ghana
* BTS Skytrain, a rapid transit system in Bangkok, Thailand

### Airport transport

* Skytrain (Miami International Airport), a people mover at Miami International Airport, United States
* ATL Skytrain, a people mover at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, United States
* Changi Airport Skytrain, a people mover at Singapore Changi Airport, Singapore
* Düsseldorf SkyTrain, a people mover at Düsseldorf Airport, Germany
* PHX Sky Train, a people mover at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, United States
* Soekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain, a people mover at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, Indonesia

## Air transport

* Douglas C-47 Skytrain also known as the Dakota, a military transport developed from the Douglas DC-3 airliner
* McDonnell Douglas C-9 Skytrain II, a military transport developed from the Douglas DC-9 airliner
* Skytrain, a transatlantic service by Laker Airways

## Other uses

* Sky Train, a 1976 album by Barry Miles
* Skytrain Ice Rise, a large ice rise in the Filchner-Ronne ice shelf of Antarctica