OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of German suffragists

This is a list of German suffragists who were born in Germany or whose lives and works are closely associated with that country.

## Suffragists

* Jenny Apolant (1874–1925) – Jewish feminist, suffragist
* Anita Augspurg (1857–1943) – jurist, actress, writer, pacifist, suffragist
* Luise Büchner (1821–1877) – writer, women's rights activist
* Marie Calm (1832–1887) – educator, writer
* Minna Cauer (1841–1922) – educator, journalist, women's rights proponent, suffragist
* Adela Coit (1863–1932) – suffragist
* Hedwig Dohm (1831–1919) – feminist, writer, pacifist
* Henriette Goldschmidt (1825–1920) – feminist, social worker
* Lida Gustava Heymann (1868–1943) – women's rights activist, suffragist
* Marie Loeper-Housselle (1837–1916) – educator
* Luise Koch (1860–1934) – educator, women's rights activist, suffragist, politician
* Helene Lange (1848–1930) – educator, pioneering women's rights activist, suffragist
* Bertha von Marenholtz-Bülow – educator
* Lina Morgenstern (1830–1909) – educator, women's rights activist
* Louise Otto-Peters (1819–1895) – suffragist, women's rights activist, writer
* Auguste Schmidt (1833–1902) – educator, women's rights activist
* Marie Stritt (1855–1928) – women's rights activist, suffragist, leading member of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
* Mathilde Weber (1829–1901) – social worker
* Clara Zetkin (1857–1933) – Marxist theorist, women's rights activist, suffragist, politician
# La Selle-en-Hermoy

La Selle-en-Hermoy is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
# T. K. Alex

Thekkethil Kochandy Alex is an Indian space scientist. He was the director of the ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) (2008–2012) and Member, Space Commission. He specialized in electro-optic systems and satellite technology. Starting with the first Indian satellite Aryabhata, he has been responsible for the sensor systems in all the Indian satellites. Under his leadership the Laboratory for Electro Optics Systems (LEOS) was established in 1993 and from the inception he was its director till 2008. He was conferred "Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Distinguished Professorship" in 2011.

## Education

Alex from Kerala studied at the SRVLP school, Azhoor, Pathanamthitta, and his high school studies were at the Catholicate High School. This was followed by the pre-university course at the Catholicate College Pathanamthitta, Kerala. He studied at the T.K.M. College of Engineering, Kollam, from 1964 to 1969. He received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Kerala University (gold medallist), master's degree from IIT Madras and doctorate from IISc Bangalore in Aerospace Engineering.

## Contributions to ISRO/India

Alex has contributed to Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) by establishing the Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems in Bangalore. Alex was the project director of the remote sensing experiment on board the Indo-soviet manned mission in which the first Indian astronaut, Rakesh Sharma, squadron leader, flew aboard Soyuz T-11, launched on 3 April 1984. He contributed to India to the first Indian Moon mission, Chandrayaan-1 in 2008. He provided guidance to the inter-planetary mission, Mars Orbiter mission, Mangalyaan.

## Awards and recognition

Alex was awarded the Padma Shri in 2007, and the Distinguished Achievement Award of ISRO in 1976 for his contributions for the first Indian satellite. Other awards received include the IMDA award for the development of infrared sensors and the Hari Om Ashram Vikram Sarbhai award (1987). He received the Aryabhata Award (2015) of the Astronautical Society of India. He is a fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE), National Academy of Science, India (NASI) and the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, India (IETE) and a life member of ASI and Instrument Society of India. He is a fellow of the Optical Society of India and he was its President (2010–11).
# La Palma chaffinch

The La Palma chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs palmae), also known as the Palman chaffinch or, locally in Spanish as the pinzón palmero or pinzón hembra, is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is a subspecies of the common chaffinch that is endemic to La Palma in the Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago that forms part of Macaronesia in the North Atlantic Ocean.

## Taxonomy

Suárez et al. (2009) found, in a genetic analysis of chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in the Canary Islands that at least three subspecies are present there: F. c. palmae occurs on La Palma in the western Canary Archipelago, F. c. canariensis on La Gomera and Tenerife. The form on El Hierro is F. c. ombriosa, and a fourth, hitherto undescribed taxon previously assigned to F. c. canariensis, on Gran Canaria. Other Macaronesian subspecies occur in the Azores (F. c. moreletti) and on Madeira (F. c. maderensis).
# TPT

TPT may refer to:
* TPT (software), Time Partition Testing
* Transaction privilege tax, in Arizona, US
* Twin Cities Public Television, Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota, US
* Tara Palmer-Tomkinson (1971–2017), English television personality
* Tramway de Pithiviers à Toury, a French railway
* Totul pentru tara, a Romanian fascist party 1935-1940
* Two-part tariff for a product
* The Powder Toy, falling sand game
* The Passion Translation, Christian Bible Translation
* TransPennine Trains, British train operator
* Trans Pennine Trail, long-distance path in Northern England
* Triphalangeal thumb, congenital malformation
* Tpt., an abbreviation for Trumpet used in musical scores
# T. maximus

T. maximus may refer to:
* Thalasseus maximus, the royal tern, a seabird species that breeds on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the southern USA and Mexico into the Caribbean
* Tylenchorhynchus maximus, a plant pathogenic nematode species
# T. maritimum

T. maritimum may refer to:
* Triglochin maritimum, an arrowgrass species found in brackish marshes, freshwater marshes, wet sandy beaches, fens and damp grassland
* Tripleurospermum maritimum, the sea mayweed, a plant species
# TJ Družstevník Veľké Ludince

TJ Družstevník Veľké Ludince is a Slovak football team, based in the village of Veľké Ludince.
# Ian Richards

Ian Richards may refer to:
* Ian Richards (admiral) (1930–2022), Royal Australian Navy officer, Deputy Chief of Naval Staff 1983–84
* Ian Richards (racewalker) (born 1948), English race walker
* Ian Richards (English cricketer) (born 1957), English cricketer
* Ian Richards (South African cricketer) (born 1965), South African cricketer
* Ian Richards (judge) (born 1975), American judge
* Ian Richards (footballer) (born 1979), English footballer
* Ian Richards (diplomat) British diplomat, ambassador of the United Kingdom to Eritrea 2016–2019
# La Vie de Bohème (disambiguation)

La Vie de Bohème is an 1851 French novel by Henri Murger.
La Vie de Bohème may also refer to:
* La Bohème (1916 film)
* La Vie de Bohème (1945 film), French-Italian film from 1945
* La Vie de Bohème (1992 film), 1992 French film
* La Vie de Bohème (album), studio album by jazz pianist Dave Burrell
* "La Vie Bohème", a song from the musical Rent
# LVIII Legislature of the Congress of Sonora

The LVIII Legislature of the Congress of Sonora meets from September 2006 to September 2009. All members of the Congress were elected in the 2006 Sonora state election.
The LVIII Legislature consists of 14 deputies from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), 13 deputies from the National Action Party (PAN), 3 deputies from the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), 2 deputies form the New Alliance Party and 1 deputy form the Labor Party.

## Composition

Composition of the LVIII Legislature :
| District | Deputy | Party |
| I | Florencio Díaz Armenta | PAN |
| II | Sergio Cuéllar Yescas | PRI |
| III | Darío Murillo Bolaños | PAN |
| IV | Leticia Amparano Gámez | PAN |
| V | Irma Villalobos Rascón | PRI |
| VI | Luis Melecio Chavarín Gaxiola | PRI |
| VII | Francisco García Gámez | PAN |
| VIII | Enrique Pesqueira Pellat | PAN |
| IX | Héctor Sagasta Molina | PRI |
| X | Hermes Martín Biebrich Guevara | PRI |
| XI | José Víctor Martínez Olivarría | PRI |
| XII | Susana Saldaña Cavazos | PAN |
| XIII | Manuel Ignacio Acosta Gutiérrez | PRI |
| XIV | Claudia Pavlovich | PRI |
| XV | José Luis Marcos León Perea | PRI |
| XVI | Rogelio Díaz Brown | PRI |
| XVII | Juan Leyva Mendivil | PRI |
| XVIII | Ventura Félix Armenta | PANAL |
| IXX | Guillermo Peña Enríquez | PRI |
| XX | Zacarias Neyoy Yocupicio | PAN |
| XXI | Prospero Manuel Ibarra Otero | PRI |
| PR | Mónico Castillo Rodríguez | PT |
| PR | José Salomé Tello Magos | PANAL |
| PR | Carlos Daniel Fernández Guevara | PRI |
| PR | Jesús Fernando Morales Flores | PAN |
| PR | Juan Manuel Sauceda Morales | PRD |
| PR | Petra Santos Ortiz | PRD |
| PR | Reynaldo Millán Cota | PRD |
| PR | Emmanuel López Medrano | PAN |
| PR | Carlos Amaya Rivera | PAN |
| PR | Irma Romo Salazar | PAN |
| PR | Óscar René Tellez Leyva | PAN |
| PR | Edmundo García Pavlovich | PAN |
| Preceded byLVII Legislature | LVIII Legislature September 2006 to August 2009 | Succeeded byLIX Legislature |
# La Sad

La Sad is an Italian pop punk band formed in 2020 in Milan.

## History

They debuted in 2020 with the song "Summersad". Their first album, Sto nella Sad, was released on 14 January 2022. An extended re-issue of the album was released at the end of year. In 2023, their single "Toxic" peaked at number 35 on the Italian chart and was certified gold.
The band participated in the Sanremo Music Festival 2024 with the song "Autodistruttivo".

## Band members

* Matteo "Theø" Botticini (born 4 October 1987 in Brescia, Lombardy) – vocals, guitars
* Francesco Emanuele "Plant" Clemente (born 3 September 1999 in Altamura, Apulia) – vocals
* Enrico "Fiks" Fonte (born 1990, from Riviera del Brenta, Veneto) – vocals

## Discography
### Studio albums

List of studio albums, with details and chart positions :
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | ITA |
| Sto nella Sad (re-issued as Sto nella Sad Deluxe) | Released: 14 January 2022 Label: Believe Format: CD, digital download | 30 |
| Odio la Sad | Released: 5 April 2024 Label: Believe Format: CD, digital download | 3 |

### Singles

List of singles, with chart positions, album name and certifications :
| Single | Year | Peak chart positions | Certifications | Album or EP |
| Single | Year | ITA | Certifications | Album or EP |
| "Toxic" | 2023 | 35 | FIMI: Platinum | Sto nella sad |
| "Summersad 4" | 2023 | — | | Odio la sad |
| "Autodistruttivo" | 2024 | 17 | FIMI: Gold | Odio la sad |
# Tadpole Computer

Tadpole Computer was a manufacturer of rugged, military specification, UNIX workstations, thin client laptops and lightweight servers.

## History

Tadpole was founded in 1994 and originally based in Cambridge, England, then for a time in Cupertino, California.
In 1998, Tadpole acquired RDI Computer Corporation of Carlsbad, California, who produced the competing Britelite and Powerlite portable SPARC-based systems, for $6 million.
Tadpole was later acquired by defense contractor General Dynamics, in April 2005.
Production continued until March 2013 but since then, they no longer sell any systems; and support for their products is provided by Flextronics.
An anonymous US intelligence officer had stated to Reuters in 2013 that a decade earlier the US secretly created a company reselling laptops from Tadpole Computer to Asian governments. The reseller added secret software that allowed intelligence analysts to access the machines remotely.

## Products

Tadpole laptops used a variety of architectures, such as SPARC, Alpha, PowerPC and x86. Although very expensive, these classic Tadpoles won favour as a method to show corporation's proprietary software (IBM/HP/DEC) on a self-contained portable device on a client site in the days before remote connectivity.

### SPARC

The original SPARCbook 1 was introduced in 1992 with 8–32 MB RAM and a 25 MHz processor. It was followed by several further SPARCbooks, UltraSPARCbooks (branded as Ultrabooks) – and the Voyager IIi. These all ran the SunOS or Solaris operating systems. In 2004, Tadpole released the Viper laptop.
The SPARCLE was based on a 500-600 MHz UltraSPARC IIe or 1 GHz UltraSPARC IIIi.

### DEC Alpha

An Alpha-based laptop, the ALPHAbook 1, was announced on 4 December 1995 and became available in 1996. The Alphabook 1 was manufactured in Cambridge, England. It used an Alpha 21066A microprocessor specified for a maximum clock frequency of 233 MHz. The laptop used the OpenVMS operating system.

### IBM PowerPC

A PowerPC-based laptop was also produced – the IBM RISC System/6000 N40 Notebook Workstation, powered by a 50 MHz PowerPC 601 and with between 16 and 64MB RAM – and designed to run IBM AIX.

### x86

Tadpole also produced a range of x86-based notebook computers, including the Tadpole P1000, and the TALIN laptops with SUSE Linux, or optionally Microsoft Windows.
# Tagab

Tagab may refer to:
* Tagab District, Badakhshan, in Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan
* Tagab District, Kapisa, in Kapisa Province, Afghanistan
** Tagab, Kapisa Province, a village in Tagab District
* Tagab, Orūzgān, a place in Orūzgān Province, Afghanistan
* Tagab Robat, a village in Badghis Province, Afghanistan
* TÅGAB, a Swedish railway company
# Tagarapuvalasa

Tagarapuvalasa is a neighbourhood on the banks of River Gosthani is a part of Bheemunipatnam Municipality (BMC) in Andhra Pradesh. It is located on the Kolkata–Chennai National Highway 16. National Highway 43 diverts from Maharajupeta village north of Tagarapuvalasa.

## History

Traces of habitation and early trade in and around Tagarapuvalasa may be dated back to 3rd century BC or more as many Early Buddhist sites such as Pavurallakonda, Gudiwada Dibba, Cherukupalli Gutta and Pellikonda, are explored, documented and excavated near to this town along the River Gosthani. This area once flourished as Madhyama Kalinga region.

## Geography

Tagarapuvalasa and Chittivalasa are twin towns and located at 17°55′52″N 83°25′44″E.

## Transport
### APSRTC routes

| Route Number | Start | End | Via |
| 222 | Tagarapuvalasa/Chittivalasa Jn. | Railway Station/RTC Complex | Anandapuram, Madhurawada, Yendada, Hanumanthuwaka, Maddilapalem |
| 222V | Vizianagaram | RTC Complex | Tagarapuvalasa/Chittivalasa Jn., Anandapuram, Madhurawada, Yendada, Hanumanthuwaka, Maddilapalem |
| 111 | Tagarapuvalasa/Chittivalasa Jn. | Kurmannapalem | Anandapuram, Madhurawada, Yendada, Hanumanthuwaka, Maddilapalem, RTC Complex, Jagadamba Centre, Town Kotharoad, Convent, Scindia, Malkapuram, Gajuwaka |
| 111V | Vizianagaram | Kurmannapalem | Tagarapuvalasa/Chittivalasa Jn., Anandapuram, Madhurawada, Yendada, Hanumanthuwaka, Maddilapalem, RTC Complex, Jagadamba Centre, Town Kotharoad, Convent, Scindia, Malkapuram, Gajuwaka |
| 211 | Vizianagaram | Visakhapatnam Railway Station | Tagarapuvalasa/Chittivalasa Jn., Anandapuram, Madhurawada, Yendada, Hanumanthuwaka, Maddilapalem, RTC Complex |
| 900T | Tagarapuvalasa/Chittivalasa | RTC Complex | Bhimili, Thimmapuram, Rushikonda, Appughar, Pedawaltair, Siripuram, RTC Complex |
| 888 | Tagarapuvalasa/Chittivalasa Jn. | Anakapalli | Anandapuram, Gudilova, Shontyam, Pendurthi, Sabbavaram, Sankaram |
| 55T | Tagarapuvalasa/Chittivalasa Jn. | Scindia | Anandapuram, Gudilova, Shontyam, Pendurthi, Vepagunta, Gopalapatnam, NAD Kotharoad, Airport, BHPV, Gajuwaka, Malkapuram |
# TSV Trebgast

TSV Trebgast is a German association football club from the town of Trebgast, Bavaria.

## History

The club was established 1 July 1920 as the gymnastics club Turnverein Trebgast which quickly formed football, fistball and handball departments. Following World War II, TV joined two other local clubs to form ASV Trebgast before the club adopted their current name in 1950.
The footballers enjoyed their best seasons in the late 1970s when they played in the Amateurliga and Amateuroberliga Bayern following the capture of a title in the Landesliga Bayern-Nord in 1977. Their best result there came as a 7th-place finish in 1978, before they slipped to 15th place in 1981 and were relegated. By 1991, the club dropped out of the Landesliga altogether. Their most recent success came as a second-place finish in the Bezirksliga Oberfranken-Ost in 2002. TSV dropped as far as the A-Klasse Bayreuth (X) before promotion in 2015–16 took the club back up to the Kreisklasse.
In addition to the football side, the club has departments for Karate, hiking, women's gymnastics, shooting and carnival.

## Honours

The club's honours:
* Landesliga Bayern-Nord
** Champions: 1977
** Runners-up: 1975
* Bezirksliga Oberfranken-Ost
** Champions: 1974
** Runners-up: 2002

## Recent seasons

The recent season-by-season performance of the club:
| Season | Division | Tier | Position |
| 1999–2000 | Bezirksliga Oberfranken-Ost | VII | 4th |
| 2000–01 | Bezirksliga Oberfranken-Ost | VII | 3rd |
| 2001–02 | Bezirksliga Oberfranken-Ost | VII | 2nd ↑ |
| 2002–03 | Bezirksoberliga Oberfranken | VI | 12th |
| 2003–04 | Bezirksoberliga Oberfranken | VI | 9th |
| 2004–05 | Bezirksoberliga Oberfranken | VI | 14th ↓ |
| 2005–06 | Bezirksliga Oberfranken-Ost | VII | 7th |
| 2006–07 | Bezirksliga Oberfranken-Ost | VII | 16th ↓ |
| 2007–08 | Kreisliga Bayreuth-Kulmbach | VIII | 14th ↓ |
| 2008–09 | Kreisklasse Bayreuth-Kulmbach 2 | X | 7th |
| 2009–10 | Kreisklasse Bayreuth-Kulmbach 5 | X | 16th ↓ |
| 2010–11 | A-Klasse Bayreuth-Kulmbach 9 | XI | 8th |
| 2011–12 | A-Klasse Bayreuth-Kulmbach 9 | XI | 6th |
| 2012–13 | A-Klasse Bayreuth-Kulmbach 6 | X | 7th |
| 2013–14 | A-Klasse Bayreuth 5 | X | 7th |
| 2014–15 | A-Klasse Bayreuth 5 | X | 8th |
| 2015–16 | A-lasse Bayreuth 7 | X | 2nd ↑ |
| 2016–17 | Kreisklasse | IX | |
* With the introduction of the Bezirksoberligas in 1988 as the new fifth tier, below the Landesligas, all leagues below dropped one tier. With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier. With the establishment of the Regionalliga Bayern as the new fourth tier in Bavaria in 2012 the Bayernliga was split into a northern and a southern division, the number of Landesligas expanded from three to five and the Bezirksoberligas abolished. All leagues from the Bezirksligas onward were elevated one tier.
| ↑ Promoted | ↓ Relegated |
# Tahiti women's national under-17 football team

The Tahiti women's national under-17 football team is the second highest women's youth team of women's football in French Polynesia. The team consists of a selection of players from French Polynesia, not just Tahiti. The team is controlled by the Tahitian Football Federation.

## History

Tahiti never participated in the OFC U-17 Women's Championship so far. However, in 2017 they will participate for the first time.

### OFC

The OFC Women's Under 17 Qualifying Tournament is a tournament held once every two years to decide the only qualification spot for Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and representatives at the FIFA U-17 World Cup.
OFC Women's Under 17 Qualifying Tournament :
| Year | Round | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA |
| 2010 | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate |
| 2012 | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate |
| 2016 | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate | Did not Participate |
| 2017 | Group stage | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 23 |
| 2023 | Third Place | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 6 |
| 2024 | Seventh place | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Total | 3/6 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 17 | 30 |

## Current technical staff

| Position | |
| Head Coach | Stephanie Spielmann |
| Assistant Coach | Jeanne Mahiatapu |
| Goalkeeper Coach | Xavier Samin |
| Physio | Coraline Olszowy |
| Head of Delegation | Angela Taiarui |
# Tahiti women's national rugby sevens team

The Tahiti women's national sevens rugby union team is Tahiti's national representative in Rugby sevens. Tahiti competes in the Pacific Games since the introduction of women's rugby sevens in the 2011 Pacific Games in New Caledonia.

## Background

Tahiti competed at the 2011 Pacific Games in Nouméa. They played six games in the preliminary rounds, losing four and drawing twice with Cook Islands and Guam; They finished in 7th place overall. At the 2015 Pacific Games Tahiti lost all of their matches and finished in last place.
Tahiti made their only Oceania Championship appearance at the 2017 tournament that was held in Fiji.

## Current squad

Squad to 2015 Pacific Games:
* Remini Nawei
* Teuira Hanaley
* Tokoragi Raitiare Tihan
* Huchede Eva
* Frogier Vainui
* Hurahutia Maruiata
* Cloe Devaluez
* Herenui Tehuiotoa
* Mooria Toimata
* Teriinohopuaiterai Meihiti
* Anais Heimata Temarii
* Florine Tevero

### Previous Squads

* 2011 Pacific Games Squad
* Mereana Mou Fat
* Herenui Tehuiotoa
* Hanaley Teuira
* Anais Heimata Temarii
* Isabelle Pito
* Eva Eupea e Pito
* Monique Moeata Tokoragi
* Madeleine Tehaameamea
* Florine Tevero
* Daiana Teuru
* Marthe Tevero
* Eliana Taiti

## Tournament History
### Pacific Games

Pacific Games :
| Year | Round | Position | Pld | W | D | L |
| 2011 | Seventh place knockout | 7th | 7 | 0 | 2 | 5 |
| 2015 | Pool Stage | 7th | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 2019 | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete |
| 2023 | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Total | 0 Titles | 2/3 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 11 |

### Oceania Women's Sevens

Oceania Women's Sevens :
| Year | Round | Position | Pld | W | D | L |
| 2007–16 | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete |
| 2017 | 5th–8th Place Semifinal | 7th | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2018 | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete |
| 2019 | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete |
| 2021 | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete |
| 2022 | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete |
| 2023 | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete |
| Total | 0 Titles | 1/13 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
# La Igualdad

La Igualdad (The Equality) was a newspaper published in the Spanish city of Madrid between 1868 and 1874, during the Sexenio Democrático, although it also saw a second period of publication in 1880.

## History

Edited in Madrid, it was printed in its own printing press, under the subtitle "democratic-republican newspaper". Its first number appeared on 11 November 1868, four pages long. Linked to federal republicanism and founded by Francisco García Padrós, José Guisasola and Alfredo Vega, the direction of the newspaper was entrusted to Eduardo Benot, Ramón de Cala, Estanislao Figueras, Francisco García López, Adolfo Joarizti, Carlos Martra, Andrés Mellado, José María Orense and José Paúl y Angulo. Its first period lasted at least until 30 December 1874. Its second period, which began on 16 April 1880, continued at least until 3 November that year, the day until which its file arrived in the Digital Newspaper Library of the National Library of Spain.