OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrationes Florae Novae Hollandiae

Illustrationes florae Novae Hollandiae is an 1813 publication by the botanical illustrator Ferdinand Bauer.
Bauer was scientific illustrator on board HMS Investigator during Matthew Flinders' exploration of Australia, and as such he worked closely with the expedition's naturalist, Robert Brown. When these men returned to England in 1805, they brought with them thousands of specimens and hundreds of sketches. Initially, they planned to publish a large-scale work, to be entitled Illustrationes florae Novae Hollandiae, but this venture failed, and Brown decided to publish his scientific descriptions separately, in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, and later his own Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. Bauer then undertook to publish a lesser work himself, with Brown providing text limited to a brief preface and some captioning.
Unusually, Bauer not only did all the illustrations, but also engraved the printing plates and hand-coloured the illustrations. It was exceedingly unusual for a single artist to perform all three roles; it is said that Bauer did the engraving himself because he could not find a good engraver, and previous works of his were disappointing because of incompetent engraving.
Three issues of Illustrationes florae Novae Hollandiae were published, all in 1813. These three issues totalled fifteen plates, and a sixteenth was bound into some copies. Publication then ceased, probably because the venture was a financial failure. It is estimated that less than fifty copies of the work were sold, and some of these were uncoloured. It is therefore now an extremely rare book. In 1997, a copy was sold at Christie's for $57,000.
# Scotura bugabensis

Scotura bugabensis is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Druce in 1895. It is found from Costa Rica south to south-eastern Peru at elevations between 0 and 600 meters
# Imbricaria armonica

Imbricaria armonica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.
# Imma aeluropis

Imma aeluropis is a moth in the family Immidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1906. It is found on Borneo.
The wingspan is about 25 mm. The forewings are rather dark ochreous fuscous, slightly purplish tinged. There are small indistinct spots of pale ochreous suffusion on the costa before the middle, before three-fourths, and at the apex. An oblong pale ochreous patch extends on the dorsum from the middle to the tornus and reaching nearly halfway across the wing, suffused above. The hindwings are dark fuscous.
# Imma acroptila

Imma acroptila is a moth in the family Immidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1906. It is found in Sierra Leone.
The wingspan is 16–17 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous, mixed with glossy purplish slaty on the veins, in females mixed with ochreous between the veins. There is a short orange dash from the base, and a slender streak beneath the costa towards the base, as well as several small scattered orange spots and streaks in the disc. In females, there is an obscure submarginal orange-ochreous line from three-fourths of the costa to the tornus. The hindwings are dark fuscous.
# In Nomine Dei

In Nomine Dei is a 1993 Portuguese-language play by José Saramago which tells the story of the Anabaptist Münster Rebellion of 1534. It was the basis for the 1993 opera Divara - Wasser und Blut, by Azio Corghi.
# Sebastián Chiola

Sebastián Chiola (5 May 1902 – 7 February 1950) was an Argentine film actor. In 1945 he won the Silver Condor Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the thriller The Corpse Breaks a Date (1944).

## Selected filmography

* Palermo (1937)
* La fuga (1937)
* The Outlaw (1939)
* Con el dedo en el gatillo (1940)
* Historia de una noche (1941)
* Vidas marcadas (1942)
* The Gaucho War (1942)
* A Doll's House (1943)
* Gold in the Hand (1943)
* The Corpse Breaks a Date (1944)
* The Abyss Opens (1945)
* Viaje sin regreso (1946)
* Hardly a Criminal (1949)
# Imaging for Windows

Imaging for Windows from Global 360 is document imaging software. Earlier versions of Imaging for Windows were available for Windows 95 OSR2, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000. Global360 Imaging for Windows is the upgrade to this Imaging software, which was discontinued as of Windows XP. Its image viewing, editing and scanning functions are superseded by Windows Picture and Fax Viewer and Microsoft Paint, both of which are based on GDI+ in Windows XP. However, the multi-page picture editing functions are gone with the Imaging software.
Imaging for Windows was developed by Wang (as in Windows 95/NT 4.0), was later absorbed by Kodak (as Eastman Software, as in Windows 98/2000), then becoming eiStream Inc., later to be renamed to Global 360. Currently Imaging for Windows 4.0 is available through OpenText. Professional Edition was sold as stand alone product with support for advanced features like OCR.
Imaging for Windows supports creating, annotating, viewing, and printing TIFF, BMP, and Microsoft Fax AWD image documents. Users can also view and print JPEG and PCX/DCX images.
Imaging for Windows also provides the ability to develop software using ActiveX tools. Each copy includes the Kodak/Wang Imaging OCX (ActiveX) controls - ImgEdit, ImgAdmin, ImgThumb, ImgScan and ImgOCR controls are provided.
# Screen space ambient occlusion

Screen space ambient occlusion (SSAO) is a computer graphics technique for efficiently approximating the ambient occlusion effect in real time. It was developed by Vladimir Kajalin while working at Crytek and was used for the first time in 2007 by the video game Crysis, also developed by Crytek.

## Implementation

The algorithm is implemented as a pixel shader, analyzing the scene depth buffer which is stored in a texture. For every pixel on the screen, the pixel shader samples the depth values around the current pixel and tries to compute the amount of occlusion from each of the sampled points. In its simplest implementation, the occlusion factor depends only on the depth difference between sampled point and current point.
Without additional smart solutions, such a brute force method would require about 200 texture reads per pixel for good visual quality. This is not acceptable for real-time rendering on current graphics hardware. In order to get high quality results with far fewer reads, sampling is performed using a randomly rotated kernel. The kernel orientation is repeated every N screen pixels in order to have only high-frequency noise in the final picture. In the end this high frequency noise is greatly removed by a NxN post-process blurring step taking into account depth discontinuities (using methods such as comparing adjacent normals and depths). Such a solution allows a reduction in the number of depth samples per pixel to about 16 or fewer while maintaining a high quality result, and allows the use of SSAO in soft real-time applications like computer games.
Compared to other ambient occlusion solutions, SSAO has the following advantages:
* Independent from scene complexity.
* No data pre-processing needed, no loading time and no memory allocations in system memory.
* Works with dynamic scenes.
* Works in the same consistent way for every pixel on the screen.
* No CPU usage – it can be executed completely on the GPU.
* May be easily integrated into any modern graphics pipeline.
SSAO also has the following disadvantages:
* Rather local and in many cases view-dependent, as it is dependent on adjacent texel depths which may be generated by any geometry whatsoever.
* Hard to correctly smooth/blur out the noise without interfering with depth discontinuities, such as object edges (the occlusion should not "bleed" onto objects).
# Screen space directional occlusion

Screen space directional occlusion (SSDO) is a computer graphics technique enhancing screen space ambient occlusion (SSAO) by taking direction into account to sample the ambient light (both the light coming directly at an object, as well as the light reflected off of the object directly behind it), to better approximate global illumination.
# Independentism

Independentism may refer to one of the following concepts:
* the church system of the Independents in English church history, see Independent (religion)
* advocacy of the independence of a certain region or territory, usually by secession from a larger political unit
** sometimes used interchangeably with separatism
# Independentist Students

Independentist Students (EI, Estudantes Independentistas in Galician language) was a Galician independentist and socialist student union, formed by university students. FER was founded in December 1995. In 1996 EI gained several representatives in the University of Santiago de Compostela Council and in the Faculty Councils. In 1996, the student union grew significantly, although in 1997 and early 1998, the organization stopped growing. Despite their early success in the student elections, EI always focused in the struggle in the street; demonstrations and strikes were the main means of struggle. Between 1998 and 2000, the organization grew again, gaining presence in all the universities of Galiza and getting seats in the faculty and university councils. Between 1998 and 2000 EI also staged group actions, demonstrations and strikes with the Comités Abertos de Faculdade and the Movemento Estudantil Universitario. In 2001, the group focused more in unity with other independentist and leftist collectives, like the Revolutionary Students Federation or the Galician Antifascist Students Assembly.
In 2001 EI merged with other galician independentist and anticapitalist student unions to form AGIR (student organization). A sector of EI didn't want to merge and split from the organization.
# Indigofera amblyantha

Indigofera amblyantha, the Chinese indigo or pink-flowered indigo, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to central and southern China. A non‑climbing shrub reaching 6 ft (2 m), it blooms from May to September, and is recommended for hedges, borders, massing, and containers.
# Sea Towers

The two-tower skyscraper Sea Towers is a mixed-use complex on the Gdynia waterfront, Poland, 50 metres from the main port of Gdynia developed by Invest Komfort SA. Tourist attractions such as the beach, boardwalk and retired Polish WWII naval ship ORP Błyskawica (lightning) are all within walking distance. Construction commenced on 10 May 2006 and was completed on 28 February 2009. At 143.6 metres, Sea Towers is the 14th tallest building in Poland and the second tallest residential building in the country. Apartments are for sale, and the complex can double as a hotel. There is a viewing terrace on floor 32, the top floor of the taller tower.
# Segimundus

Julius Segimundus was a nobleman of the Germanic Cherusci, a son of Segestes who was a close ally of the Roman Empire. They were followers of the imperial cult of Augustus. In this context, Segimundus worked as a high priest at the Ara Ubiorum, a sanctuary in Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, near Cologne, Germany.
After Arminius began an uprising against the Romans in AD 9, Segimundus sided with the rebels after allegedly tearing his priestly garland from his head. In 15, after the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, Segestes and Segimundus were besieged by Arminius. Segestes then sent Segimundus as part of a delegation to the Roman army leader Germanicus, in hope for support against Arminius. Segimundus was forgiven by Germanicus for his earlier participation in Arminius' rebellion. He was sent across the Rhine with an escort and was able to save Segestes from defeat. In 17, Segimundus, his sister Thusnelda, wife of Arminius, and her son Thumelicus were part of the triumph of Germanicus in Rome.
# Sedgwick

Sedgwick may refer to:

## People

* Sedgwick (surname)

## Places
### Australia

* Sedgwick, Victoria

### England

* Sedgwick, Cumbria, England
* Sedgwick, West Sussex, England
* Sidgwick Avenue, Cambridge, England

### United States

* Sedgwick, Arkansas
* Sedgwick, Colorado
* Sedgwick, Kansas
* Sedgwick, Maine
* Sedgwick, Missouri
* Sedgwick, Wisconsin
* Sedgwick County, Colorado
* Sedgwick County, Kansas
* Sedgwick Avenue, Bronx, New York
* Sedgwick Township, Harvey County, Kansas

## Schools

* Sedgwick Middle School in West Hartford, Connecticut
* Sedgwick Elementary School in Cupertino, California

## Transport

* Sedgwick station (CTA), a Chicago 'L' station
* Sedgwick station (SEPTA), a commuter rail station in Philadelphia

## Companies

* Sedgwick Group, a British insurance broker
# Selim Çürükkaya

Mehmet Selim Çürükkaya (born January 1, 1954), is a founding member and later dissident of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and a Kurdish writer and International PEN member. Çürükkaya lives in Germany and has published eight books, one translated into German and English.

## Biography

Çürükkaya was born in 1954 in the village of Tanzut, in Bingöl Province. He attended primary school in the village and learned Turkish. After completing primary school, the village was renamed to İkizgöl. After primary school he went to live with an uncle in Ceyhan (in the Province of Adana), in order to visit the middle school. He stopped going to school and worked for a coal merchant and in cafes. In the early 1970s he moved back to Bingol to finish high school. The village was temporarily destroyed by a landslide and elsewhere, 17 km from Bingöl, under the name Yeniköy been rebuilt.
In 1974 Çürükkaya joined the PKK and in the following year, while a student at Tunceli Teachers School, travelled around southeast Turkey recruiting members. He was sentenced in May 1980 by a military court in Diyarbakır to a long prison sentence. In his books he tells of torture and resistance. According to Daniel, he participated in several hunger strikes. His wife Aysel was placed in the same prison. In April 1991 he was released. He left Turkey and went to Mahsum-Korkmaz Academy in the Lebanese Bekaa Valley. He held various functions in the PKK, including as chief financial executive. Çürükkaya fell out with Abdullah Öcalan because of his leadership style and the persecution and murder of intra-party critics. Çürükkaya was arrested on the orders of Ocalan and sentenced to death. He escaped from prison, came to Germany and had to hide from the organization. In Germany, Günter Wallraff sat for him and visited Öcalan in Syrian exile, to effect a pardon Çürükkayas.
In his book on Abdullah Öcalan, Selim claimed that Öcalan was also raping girls, and that he was acting like a sex- and murder machine among young (Kurdish) girls.
Çürükkaya is married to fellow activist Aysel Çürükkaya, with whom he has a daughter.
# Senator Pryor

Senator Pryor may refer to:
* David Pryor (born 1934), U.S. Senator from Arkansas from 1979 to 1997
* Luke Pryor (1820–1900), U.S. Senator from Alabama in 1880
* Mark Pryor (born 1963), U.S. Senator from Arkansas from 2003 to 2015
# Senator Proudfit

Senator Proudfit may refer to:
* Andrew Proudfit (1820–1883), Wisconsin State Senate
* James Kerr Proudfit (1831–1917), Wisconsin State Senate
# Semantic view of theories

The semantic view of theories is a position in the philosophy of science that holds that a scientific theory can be identified with a collection of models. The semantic view of theories was originally proposed by Patrick Suppes in “A Comparison of the Meaning and Uses of Models in Mathematics and the Empirical Sciences” as a reaction against the received view of theories popular among the logical positivists. Many varieties of the semantic view propose identifying theories with a class of set-theoretic models in the Tarskian sense, while others specify models in the mathematical language stipulated by the field of which the theory is a member.

## Semantic vs. syntactic views of theories

The semantic view is typically contrasted with the syntactic view of theories of the logical positivists and logical empiricists, especially Carl Gustav Hempel and Rudolf Carnap. On the contrast between syntactic and semantic views, Bas van Fraassen writes:
   The syntactic picture of a theory identifies it with a body of theorems, stated in one particular language chosen for the expression of that theory. This should be contrasted with the alternative of presenting a theory in the first instance by identifying a class of structures as its models. In this second, semantic, approach the language used to express the theory is neither basic nor unique; the same class of structures could well be described in radically different ways, each with its own limitations. The models occupy central stage.
In this same book, van Fraassen, a key founder of the semantic view of theories, critiques the syntactic view in very strong terms:
   Perhaps the worst consequence of the syntactic approach was the way it focused attention on philosophically irrelevant technical questions. It is hard not to conclude that those discussions of axiomatizability in restricted vocabularies, 'theoretical terms', Craig’s theorem, 'reduction sentences', 'empirical languages', Ramsey and Carnap sentences, were one and all off the mark—solutions to purely self-generated problems, and philosophically irrelevant. (p. 56)
The semantic view of theories has been extended to other domains, including population genetics.
# Semantic translation

Semantic translation is the process of using semantic information to aid in the translation of data in one representation or data model to another representation or data model. Semantic translation takes advantage of semantics that associate meaning with individual data elements in one dictionary to create an equivalent meaning in a second system.
An example of semantic translation is the conversion of XML data from one data model to a second data model using formal ontologies for each system such as the Web Ontology Language (OWL). This is frequently required by intelligent agents that wish to perform searches on remote computer systems that use different data models to store their data elements. The process of allowing a single user to search multiple systems with a single search request is also known as federated search.
Semantic translation should be differentiated from data mapping tools that do simple one-to-one translation of data from one system to another without actually associating meaning with each data element.
Semantic translation requires that data elements in the source and destination systems have "semantic mappings" to a central registry or registries of data elements. The simplest mapping is of course where there is equivalence. There are three types of Semantic equivalence:
* Class Equivalence - indicating that class or "concepts" are equivalent. For example: "Person" is the same as "Individual"
* Property Equivalence - indicating that two properties are equivalent. For example: "PersonGivenName" is the same as "FirstName"
* Instance Equivalence - indicating that two individual instances of objects are equivalent. For example: "Dan Smith" is the same person as "Daniel Smith"
Semantic translation is very difficult if the terms in a particular data model do not have direct one-to-one mappings to data elements in a foreign data model. In that situation, an alternative approach must be used to find mappings from the original data to the foreign data elements. This problem can be alleviated by centralized metadata registries that use the ISO-11179 standards such as the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM).
# Semanticity

Semanticity is one of Charles Hockett's 16 design features of language. Semanticity refers to the use of arbitrary or nonarbitrary signals to transmit meaningful messages.
# Indiadactylus

Indiadactylus is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:
* Indiadactylus chinensis (Obenberger, 1924)
* Indiadactylus indicus (Obenberger, 1924)
* Indiadactylus nigricans (Kerremans, 1890)
* Indiadactylus pulchellus (Gory & Laporte, 1839)
# Senator Ayer

Senator Ayer may refer to:
* Caleb Ayer (1813–1883), Maine State Senate
* Claire D. Ayer (born 1948), Vermont State Senate
# Seline

Seline may refer to:
* Seline, Croatia, a village in Croatia
* Seline (singer), South Korean singer, member of Cignature
* Seline Hizli, English actress
# Sellest mustast mungast

Sellest mustast mungast is a novel by Estonian author Gert Helbemäe. It was first published in 1957.
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# Selles-sur-Cher

Selles-sur-Cher (French pronunciation:, lit. 'Selles on Cher') is a commune in the French department of Loir-et-Cher, administrative region of Centre-Val de Loire, France.
The name of the commune is known internationally for its goat cheese, Selles-sur-Cher, which was first made in the village in the 19th century.

## Name

The commune was formerly known as Cellule, then Celle-Saint-Eusice, also spelled Selles-Saint-Eusice (IPA:), Selles-Notre-Dame, Selles-en-Berry (IPA:), before changing to Selles-sur-Cher.
# Senso

Senso may refer to:
* Senso (novel), Italian novella by Camillo Boito 1882
* Senso (film), 1954 Italian historical melodrama film by Luchino Visconti
* Senso (opera), Marco Tutino
* Senso (game), disc-shaped musical toy
* Senso (album) album by Australian singer-songwriter Stephen Cummings 1984
* Senso (grape), Cinsaut
# Senska

Senska is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Frances Senska (1914–2009), American ceramicist
* Pierre Senska (born 1988), German cyclist
# Indian Council

Indian Council may refer to:
In India:
* Legislative Council of India (disambiguation)
* Indian Council of Agricultural Research, the apex body in agriculture and related allied fields in New Delhi, India
* Indian Council for Cultural Relations, a cultural promotion organization of the government of India
* Indian Council of Education
* Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Environment and Forests in India
* Indian Council of Historical Research, historical research organization in India
* Indian Council of Medical Research, the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination and promotion of biomedical research
* Indian Council of Philosophical Research, Indian philosophical organization
* Indian Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, government of India research institute
* Indian Council of Secondary Education, private education board in India
* Indian Council of Social Science Research, an Indian government agency
* Indian Council of World Affairs, a government of India foreign affairs think tank in New Delhi
In the United States:
* Minnesota Indian Affairs Council, a liaison between the government of Minnesota and the Native American tribes in the state of Minnesota
* Northern California Indian Development Council, a private nonprofit corporation that annually provides services to 14,000 to 15,000 clients