OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sami Esmail trial

In 1978 Sami Esmail, a 24-year-old American citizen of Palestinian descent, was prosecuted in Israel for membership in the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The case generated a great deal of interest in the US, especially in the Arab American community and at Michigan State University, where Esmail was an Electrical Engineering graduate student.
Esmail flew to Israel in December 1977 to visit his dying father, who lived in Ramallah. He was arrested on his arrival at Ben-Gurion Airport on December 21 and signed a confession after being imprisoned for six days. Esmail and his supporters in the United States claimed that he had been tortured or mistreated, held without access to a lawyer, and coerced into signing a false confession, among other arguments. Monroe Freedman and Alan Dershowitz visited Israel to observe the trial and wrote a long editorial in The New York Times defending the Israeli government's conduct in the case and Israel's human rights record in general.
Esmail was represented at his trial by the well-known Israeli lawyer Felicia Langer. In June 1978 he was convicted of membership in a hostile organization and sentenced to 15 months in prison, recorded from the date of his arrest. He was released and deported in October 1978, having served 10 months of his sentence. The case later resurfaced at a 1989 American extradition hearing, at which Esmail, Dershowitz, and Freedman all testified, and was mentioned in books by Dershowitz and his critic Norman Finkelstein.

## The trial

Esmail was tried before a three-judge panel headed by Dov Levin. His conviction was based on his statements in the disputed confession and in court. Esmail had stated that he had been recruited at MSU, had donated money to the PFLP and assisted in distributing its literature, and had traveled to Libya in 1976 for ideological instruction and military training. Langer had challenged Esmail's confession in court, alleging that he had been kicked, beaten, and deprived of sleep until he had agreed to sign it. However, the court accepted the confession as valid. The court acknowledged that Esmail had come to Israel to visit his father, not on behalf of the PFLP. Esmail was acquitted on the more serious charge of "contact with a foreign agent" on the grounds that the PFLP did not represent a foreign government.

## American reaction

American supporters charged that Esmail had been held without access to a lawyer, interrogated harshly, and threatened with being prevented from seeing his dying father unless he signed a confession, rendering his confession invalid. They also argued that Israel was overstepping its authority by trying an American citizen over actions that were legal in the places where they allegedly occurred; the New York Times described this as "the issue of overriding interest" in the case.
In March 1978 pro-Esmail protests were held in New York, Boston, Washington, Detroit, East Lansing, and San Francisco. The city council of Detroit (which had a large Arab-American population) passed a resolution in support of Esmail.
# Jack Recknitz

Jack Recknitz (born Hans-Joachim Recknitz; 1931-2013) was a German and Polish actor. Born 25 May 1931 in Baden-Baden to a family of actors: Hans-Joachim Zinke senior and Katharina Recknitz. Early in his youth he started working for the Leipzig Radio as a speaker and news anchor, as well as appearing in various theatres in the German Democratic Republic. In 1953 he graduated from Schauspielschule in Mannheim and passed his actors' exams as an extramural student.
He appeared on stage in Annaberg, Parchim, Bautzen and Karl-Marx-Stadt (modern Chemnitz). In 1965 he moved to Poland, where he appeared in over 80 feature films, mostly in the roles of foreigners: Germans, Britons or Americans. While in Poland he was sometimes credited as Jacek Recknitz. Between 1966 and 1968 he also worked at the Polish Radio. In addition to his film work, in 1967 he became a permanent member of the Jewish Theatre in Warsaw, where he remained until 1980. Perhaps his greatest acting success was the role of unnamed "foreign journalist", based on the real-life experiences of Julien Bryan, in the 1978 film ...Gdziekolwiek jesteś Panie Prezydencie (Wherever you may be, Mr. President) by Andrzej Trzos-Rastawiecki. For this role he received the Special Prize at the Polish Film Festival in Gdynia.
Late in his life he moved back to his native Baden-Baden in Germany, where he died on 13 January 2013.
# Jacob Two-Two Meets the Hooded Fang

Jacob Two-Two Meets the Hooded Fang may refer to the following:
* Jacob Two-Two Meets the Hooded Fang (book), a 1975 book by Mordecai Richler
* Jacob Two-Two Meets the Hooded Fang (1978 film), a 1978 film adaptation
* Jacob Two Two Meets the Hooded Fang (1999 film), a 1999 film adaptation
* "Jacob Two Two vs. the Hooded Fang", the first episode of the TV series Jacob Two-Two (2003-2006)
# Jack and Jill Ice Cream

Jack and Jill Ice Cream Company was founded by Max Schwartz in 1929 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Schwartz sold ice cream he carried through the streets of Philadelphia. In 1936, the company purchased its first ice cream truck for selling ice cream. In addition to trucks, the company also sells ice cream to restaurants and catering services, in stores, and in vending machines throughout the Mid-Atlantic United States. Jack and Jill is credited with creating and launching the Choco Taco in the early 1980s, which it later sold to Good Humor-Breyers.
The company is named for the "Jack and Jill" nursery rhyme and is headquartered in Moorestown, New Jersey.

## Competitors

* Good Humor
* Mister Softee
# Jackson Ridge

Jackson Ridge is a suburb of Honiara, Solomon Islands and is located south of Panatina.
# Jackdaw (disambiguation)

A jackdaw is a bird in the crow family in the genus Coloeus.
Jackdaw or jackdaws may also refer to:

## Birds

* Western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula), often referred to as "the jackdaw"

## Arts and entertainment

* Jackdaw (band), a Celtic rock group from New York state
* The Jackdaw, a British art magazine
* Jackdaws (novel), a spy thriller by Ken Follett
* Jackdaw Publications, acquired by Rosen Publishing
* Jackdaw (film), a 2023 British action thriller film

### Fictional characters and elements

* Jackdaw (Marvel Comics), Captain Britain's sidekick
* Blackbird (Femizon), a Marvel Comics antagonist (formerly Jackdaw)
* Jackdaw, a ship in the Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag video game

## Ships

* HMS Jackdaw, a list of ships with this name
* USS Jackdaw, a list of ships with this name
# Samuel Weiss

Samuel Weiss may refer to:
* Samuel Weiss (neurobiologist) (born 1955), Canadian neurobiologist
* Samuel A. Weiss (1902–1977), American politician and NFL deputy commissioner
* Samuel Weiss (mobster) (c. 1904–?), New York mobster
* Sam Weiss, a character from the TV series Fringe
# Jacob Frederico Torlade

Jacob Frederico Torlade (in German Jacob Friedrich Torlade) (his surname went on to use the spelling Torlades), originally from Hamburg (and naturalized Portuguese on July 23, 1781), was a son of Heinrich Torlade, businessman and Elisabeth Torlade, both born and living in Hamburg.[citation needed]

## Career

He was a businessman and a banker, connected to sea trading, Consul of the Hanseatic League Cities in Setúbal, founder and main manager of the Casa Comercial Torlades, Lord, by purchase, of the farm (quinta) of Machadas, in the parish of São Julião, term of Setúbal in 1815 to Botelho de Moraes Sarmento family (the oldest residential area, designated by Machadas de Baixo, which goes back to the 17th century).
On May 25, 1825, the farm was visited by King John VI of Portugal, accompanied by the Infanta Isabel Maria of Portugal and the Infanta Maria da Assunção of Portugal, and by the Court, being received and hosted by its proprietor, the below mentioned Carlos O'Neill, who had inherited the farm by marriage, with the crest of the O'Neill family placed over the door of the western front.

## Marriage

He married Maria Inácia Gonçalves (baptized in Setúbal, São Sebastião, on April 9, 1728), daughter of Pedro Gonçalves (baptized in Alcácer do Sal, Santa Maria do Castelo, on August 10, 1688) and wife (married in Setúbal, São Sebastião, on January 13, 1715) Antónia Baptista Ramos (baptized in Setúbal, São Sebastião, on July 12, 1694), and had issue.

## Descendants

His daughter Ana João Torlade (Palmela, Santa Maria (baptized in Palmela, Santa Maria, on November 4, 1758) –) married in Lisbon, Sacramento, on September 17, 1784 to the above-mentioned Carlos O'Neill (Lisbon, Santa Catarina, June 9, 1760 – June 24, 1835), the titular head of the Clanaboy O'Neill dynasty, whose family has been in Portugal since the 18th century, and had issue, nine children.
Ana João Torlade was the maternal aunt, nominately, of Jacob Frederico Torlade Pereira de Azambuja.
# Jacob Allestry

Jacob Allestry (1653–1686) was an English poet.

## Biography

Jacob Allestry, the son of James Allestry, a bookseller who lost his property in the Great Fire of London, was born in 1653. After being educated at Westminster he proceeded to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1671; was music-reader in 1679 and terræ filius in 1682. He had the "chief hand", according to Anthony à Wood, in composing the Verses and Pastoral spoken in Oxford Theatre on 21 May 1681, before James, Duke of York, and published in Examen Poeticum, 1693.
Wood also wrote that hard living caused Allestry to move to a house in Fish Row, in St. Thomas' parish, in the suburbs of Oxford. There he was nursed incognito for about seven weeks, and died "in a poor condition and of a loathsome disease" on Friday, 15 October 1686.

## Legacy

His poems have been included in several Oxford period poetry anthologies.
# Samuel Slade

Samuel Slade (1771–1829) was a Church of England clergyman, Dean of Chichester from 1824 until his death.
Samuel Slade was born on 11 April 1771. He was the son of Richard Slade, who was rector at Westwell, Oxfordshire from 1746 until his death, so Samuel may have been born in Westwell.

## Education

Slade was educated at St Peter's College, Westminster and elected to Christ Church, Oxford University in 1789, where he received his Doctorate of Divinity in 1796.

## Career

He became tutor to the Duke of Dorset, and in 1813 was first Chaplain to Lord Whitworth, then Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. He was instituted Vicar of Staverton, Northamptonshire on 11 April 1815 and Rector of Hartfield, Sussex in 1817. On the 12 March 1824 he was granted the dignity dean of the Cathedral Church of Chichester, after the previous incumbent had been promoted to the bishopric of Gloucester. Samual Slade died on 29 December 1829, although it had been expected that he would have gone further in his career, if he had lived longer.
# San Cristóbal fortress (Honduras)

The San Cristóbal fortress is located in the city of Gracias, department of Lempira, built on a small hill above the city, which was formerly the center of the town of Gracias Lempira, which was once the capital of New Spain and headquarters of the Real Audiencia de los Confines in 1544; Gracias was a strategic city within the Province of Honduras in the colonial era, then in the pro-independence era and then in the Central American federal transition.

## History
### Background

The first building of Spanish origin was built in the seventeenth century, on the hill "San Cristóbal", and of which two cannons with the emblem of Carlos IV of Spain are preserved.
In 1850 the fort was rebuilt by order of Juan Lindo, fearing an invasion from Guatemala. But it was not until 1863 that the works of the present fort began, which was concluded between 1875 and 1876, in the administration of Captain General José María Medina. Its purpose was to defend the city from its strategic point of invasion by enemy armies. From its walls painted in white were placed the firearms and cannons that defended the perimeter. It has several watchtowers, and in the center rests the command headquarters, powder magazine, hospital, etc.
During the second Honduran civil war of 1924, on February 7, the city of Gracias fell into the hands of rebel forces under the command of officers General Vicente Tosta Carrasco and General Gregorio Ferrera. In 1959 there was a rebellion between the commanders of the Third Military Zone of Honduras that included the departments of Copán, Lempira, Ocotepeque and Santa Bárbara. The headquarters was in the city of Santa Rosa de Copán, but rebel officers transferred it to Gracias and took Fort San Cristóbal as a defensive bastion

### Tourism

The 19th century monument is open to the national and foreign public, and in this rests the tomb of the president of Honduras, Juan Nepomuceno Fernández Lindo y Zelaya and whose commemorative plaque contains the following legend: "You can be a hated ruler of your time But if you want the vote of future generations to favor you, Open schools! Juan Lindo".

## Gallery

* Frontal view from the outside structure.
* Main entrance.
* Frontal view of the main building.
* Left side section.
* View of the right side section.
* Vigilance Towers.
* Corridor.
# Samuel Canan

Samuel Wakefield Canan (June 7, 1898 – March 1964) was a United States Navy officer, and governor of American Samoa. Canan was born on June 7, 1898, in Altoona, Pennsylvania. He was admitted to the United States Naval Academy on June 24, 1916, out of Pennsylvania. He succeeded Ralph Hungerford as governor in 1945, filling the position for only eight days, from September 3, 1945, to September 10, 1945.
# Jacob Hyer

Jacob Hyer (died 1838) was an American bare-knuckled boxer. He is generally credited as the first professional American boxer, due to his 1816 match with Tom Beasley, and has even been called "The Father of The American Ring". Jacob was born 3 Mar 1796, New York City, New York, and died 29 Sep 1838 as proven, along with his ancestors, in 'Hyer and Allied Families' by Claudia E. Thomas, published 2022 Tom died 26 June 1864 in New York City, New York. The book also addresses the error of the 1944 article stating he was born in Pennsylvania.

## Hyer v. Beasley

In October 1816 in Manhattan, Hyer (a butcher) fought Tom Beasley (an English mariner) in what is traditionally said to be the first professional American bout, in that it was open to the public and English boxing rules, specifically the Broughton rules, were observed.
The fight has been described as a "grudge match," because the two had previously been involved in a street fight, and decided to settle the matter in a more formal venue.
Apparently the rules of boxing were at least followed at the outset of the match, but degenerated as the fight progressed. Different reports of the official bout stated that Beasley broke Hyers' arm (and thus Beasley won), that the match ended in a draw (due to the broken arm), or that Hyer won the match. Some modern sources state that Hyer won the match, though the basis for that conclusion is not stated. Hyer never fought again after this one fight.
Historian Elliot J. Gorn, writing in the 1980s, states that although Hyer broke his arm, Beasley had been badly beaten, so after mutual friends intervened it was declared a draw. Gorn also states that the match was not actually the first ring fight in America, or the first open to the public, but that its "significance lay in the perception that it was a historic event worth recording, in its being the earliest American fight kept alive as living memory of a heroic past. When men gathered at New York's Empire Club decades later, they recounted this battle time and again.... Hyer and Beasley were important because they were remembered as founding fathers."

## Legacy

Hyer was 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) and approximately 182 pounds. He was born in New York, of Dutch descent. In 1969, Hyer was elected to the Ring Magazine Boxing Hall of Fame.
Hyer's son, Tom Hyer, became the first American heavyweight boxing champion. The younger Hyer's famous victory against Yankee Sullivan in 1849 greatly spurred the popularity of the sport and served to preserve the legacy of his father's pioneering fight.
# Jacob Stolterfoht

Jacob Stolterfoht (also Jacobus Stolterfot: 20 July 1600 – 4 March 1668) was a German Lutheran theologian and leading pastor in Lübeck during and directly following the Thirty Years' War. (The city remained neutral, but its trade and prosperity were nevertheless devastated by the war and its aftermath.)

## Life

Stolterfoht was one of the youngest of the ten children of the Lübeck pastor Johann Stolterfoht (1555–1622) and his wife, born Margaretha Bacmeister (1568–1641), the only daughter of another north German theologian. In the first part of 1620 Jacob enrolled at the University of Rostock to study theology. He moved on to Wittemberg in 1621 and from there to Greifswald, where he studied between 1622 and 1623. He then returned to Rostock, where he concluded his university-level education and in 1624 received his Master's degree.
On 2 June 1626 he was appointed a deacon and joined the team of preachers at Lübeck's Marienkirche (St. Mary's Church), the principal church in the city. (His father, at the time of his death in 1622, had been a leading member of the pastoral team at the church.) On 27 September 1649 he was selected to succeed Michael Siricius (who had died the previous December) as chief pastor (Hofprediger) of the Marienkirche. Stolterfoht was an important priest and theologian: his reputation meant that he was offered a number of senior church posts in other north German cities. He was offered the post of Chief Pastor at Schwerin and that of the regional superintendent for Schleswig. He rejected all these offers because he wished to remain in Lübeck. Despite the persistence of post-war economic austerity across western Europe, he was well paid in his existing posts, and loved by the city community.

## Family

Jacob Stolterfoht was married three times. On 2 October 1626 he married Dorothea Kirchmann, daughter of the Lübeck polymath-philologist Johann Kirchmann. She died on 18 June 1637, by which time the marriage had yielded seven recorded children. Three further recorded children resulted from Stolterfoht's second marriage, which took place on 25 June 1638 and was to Anna Hackhusen. His third marriage, on 3 August 1664, was to Gertrud Steinmann who the following year also predeceased him. Jacob Stolterfoht is known to have died in Lübeck on 4 March 1668. His portrait, by Matthias Black, bore his epitaph and survived in the Marienkirche till 1942.
Matthäus Stolterfoht, a son of Jacob Stolterfoht, became secretary to the powerful Bergenfahrer association of Lübeck merchants. Another son, Jacob (1633–1696), became a leading pharmacist in the city and was himself the father of the physician Johann Jacob Stolterfoht (1665–1718).
# Jacques Mairesse

Jacques Mairesse may refer to:
* Jacques Mairesse (footballer)
* Jacques Mairesse (economist)
# Jake Arteaga

Jake Arteaga (born February 2, 2000) is an American soccer player who plays as a midfielder for LA Galaxy II.

## Club career

Arteaga made his professional debut in a 1–1 draw with Orange County SC. He replaced Adrian Vera after 66 minutes.
Arteaga committed to playing college soccer for the University of Portland.
# James Cobb White

James Cobb White (29 November 1855 – 18 January 1927) was an Australian grazier and politician, predominantly in New South Wales.
He was born at the property Edinglassie, near Muswellbrook, to pastoralist Frank White and Mary Hannah Cobb, the second of five brothers. He also had a younger sister, Mary Sarah. He received a private education, initially at Newcastle Grammar School and then in Sydney. On leaving school he worked at the Commercial Bank of Australia. On his father's death in 1875 James entered into a partnership with his elder brother Francis, operating a number of properties, including Edinglassie, while his younger brothers Henry, William, Arthur, and Victor, formed a partnership that operated another family property, Belltrees. James married Emiline Eliza Ebsworth on 13 April 1882 and they had five children, 2 daughters and 3 sons. In a dynastic union, Henry and Arthur married sisters of Emiline, Henry married Louisa Maude in 1887 and Arthur married Millicent in 1893.
In 1880 he commenced construction of a two-storey sandstone house at Edinglassie in a simplified Italianate style, designed by John Horbury Hunt and the second stage was completed around 1895. The property was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 as illustrating the degree of opulence achieved and lifestyles led by the leading pastoral families in the area. He was recognised as an authority on Aberdeen Angus and as a breeder of stud cattle, including Durham shorthorn, Devon, Hereford and horses, including Welsh ponies and light Clydesdales. He had a reputation for locating suitable places for sinking a well using a divining rod.
He and his brother Francis expanded their holdings to include further property in New South Wales, Queensland and the Northern Territory. In 1906 he was appointed a temporarily councilor for the Wybong Shire, (renamed Muswellbrook in 1907), serving as shire president in 1924. He was President of the Muswellbrook Agricultural and Pastoral Association, Upper Hunter Pastoral and Agricultural Association and chairman of the Denman Pastures Protection Board.
In 1908 he was a Liberal nominee to the New South Wales Legislative Council, where he remained until his death. He did not regularly attend parliament.
Emmaline died on 1 December 1926, and White died at Edinglassie the following month (aged 71). They were survived by their sons, James, Allan and Bruce and daughters Jessie and Ruth.
His father, uncle James, and nephew Harold also served in the Parliament of New South Wales. He was an uncle of the writer Patrick White, however they were not close.
# San Casciano, Cascina

San Casciano is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Cascina, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 249.
San Casciano is about 15 km from Pisa and 4 km from Cascina.

## Main sights

* Santi Ippolito e Cassiano
# San Carpóforo Canyon

San Carpóforo Creek flows through San Carpóforo Canyon and into the Pacific Ocean in a small bay 20 miles (32 km) north of San Simeon on the Central Coast of California. The creek is generally considered to be the southern border of the Big Sur region of Central California.

## History

The first Europeans to visit the canyon was an expedition led by Gaspar de Portola on September 13, 1769. They rested for two days at the foot of the mountain range which at this point is very high and terminates in the sea. He was charged with exploring California and finding the city of Monterey. While camping there, they were visited by six indigenous people who offered pinole and fish and received beads in exchange. The Spanish sent scouts north and east. They found the Santa Lucia Mountains to the north were too rugged and blocked them from proceeding north. They decided to turn east where they thought they saw a break in the mountains and were forced to "make a road with a crowbar and pickaxe".

## Etymology

The canyon and creek are named after Saint Carpophorus, an early Roman martyr. There is a trail and coastal access point just north of the bridge over the creek on California Highway 1. In the early twentieth century, the canyon was nicknamed "Sankypoky" by the locals, which is a variant of the Spanish name. Another variant was "San Carpojo" – tradition holds that someone at the Williams Ranch, which is situated at the mouth of the creek, could not pronounce "Carpóforo" and changed it to "Carpojo.”
# San Gusmè

San Gusmè is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Castelnuovo Berardenga, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 250.
San Gusmè is about 23 km from Siena and 4 km from Castelnuovo Berardenga.
# Jakhongir

Jakhongir is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Jakhongir Artikkhodjayev, Uzbekistani politician
* Jakhongir Jalilov (born 1989), Tajikistani footballer
* Jakhongir Vakhidov (born 1995), Uzbekistani chess player
* Jakhongir Zokirov (born 2003), Uzbekistani boxer