OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Transient electromagnetics

Transient electromagnetics, (also time-domain electromagnetics / TDEM), is a geophysical exploration technique in which electric and magnetic fields are induced by transient pulses of electric current and the subsequent decay response measured. TEM / TDEM methods are generally able to determine subsurface electrical properties, but are also sensitive to subsurface magnetic properties in applications like UXO detection and characterization. TEM/TDEM surveys are a very common surface EM technique for mineral exploration, groundwater exploration, and for environmental mapping, used throughout the world in both onshore and offshore applications.

## Physical principles

Two fundamental electromagnetic principles are required to derive the physics behind TEM surveys: Faraday's law of induction and Lenz's Law. A loop of wire is generally energized by a direct current. At some time (t$_0$) the current is cut off as quickly as possible. Faraday's law dictates that a nearly identical current is induced in the subsurface to preserve the magnetic field produced by the original current (eddy currents). Due to ohmic losses, the induced surface currents dissipate—this causes a change in the magnetic field, which induces subsequent eddy currents. The net result is a downward and outward diffusion of currents in the subsurface which appear as an expanding smoke ring when the current density is contoured.
These currents produce a magnetic field by Faraday's law. At the surface, the change in magnetic field [flux] with time is measured. The way the currents diffuse in the subsurface is related to the conductivity distribution in the ground.
This is a basic view of the physical principles involved. When conductive bodies are present, the diffusion of the transients is changed. In addition, transients are induced in the conductive bodies as well. This is only the most basic overview. The paper by McNeill is freely available from the Geonics website explaining the basics of the method.

## TEM/TDEM instrumentation and sensors

TEM/TDEM systems consist of a transmitter instrument, transmitting coil or transmitting wire, receiver coil or antenna, and receiver instrument. Depending on subsurface resistivity, current induced, receiver sensitivity and transmitter-receiver geometry, TEM/TDEM measurements allow geophysical exploration from a few metres below the surface to several hundred metres of depth.
Low-power TEM/TDEM instruments can operate using C-cell batteries, and mid-range systems (approx. 2.5 kW) can operate with automotive batteries; more powerful systems (20 kW~150 kW) require a separate generator usually mounted on a truck, plane, or helicopter to provide the necessary current for deep investigations.

## Commercial applications

* Mining (mineral location and characterization)
* Groundwater characterization
* HVDC injection point mapping
* Oil and gas exploration
# Transient friction loading

Transient friction loading is the mechanical stress induced on an object due to transient or vibrational frictional forces.

## Examples

A classic example of transient friction loading is the wooden block sliding over an unlevel, non-planar surface. Due to the transient response of the contact force, the resultant frictional force is noisy. The induced stress is concisely described as transient friction loading.
Another is the internal stresses on a hydraulic ram operating in a vibrational environment. Due to the oscillatory nature of the acceleration experienced by the ram, in n-dimensions, the resulting frictional response is described as transient friction loading.
# Lohagara Upazila

Lohagara Upazila may refer to:
* Lohagara Upazila, Chittagong, Bangladesh
* Lohagara Upazila, Narail, Bangladesh
# Trevor King (biathlete)

Trevor King (born 28 May 1960) is a British biathlete. He competed at the 1984 Winter Olympics and the 1988 Winter Olympics.
# Locomotiv GT V.

Locomotiv GT V. is the fifth studio album by Hungarian rock band Locomotiv GT. It is the band's first double album, which was released in 1976 and was the last LGT album with drummer József Laux and the last featuring lyricist Anna Adamis. The album was banned due to Laux' immigration to the United States, which was illegal at the time.

## Track listing
### Side One

* "Csak az jöjjön" (Gábor Presser, József Laux) - 0:30
* "A kicsi, a nagy, az Artúr és az Indián" (Presser, Anna Adamis) - 4:38
* "Rajongás" (János Karácsony, Adamis) - 4:56
* "Valamit mindig valamiért" (Tamás Somló, Adamis) - 7:41

### Side Two

* "Mindenki" (Presser) - 5:53
* "Ahogy mindenki" (Presser) - 3:31
* "Rohanj hozzám" (Karácsony, Adamis) - 4:27
* "Tiltott gyümölcs" (Somló, Adamis) - 5:05

### Side Three

* "Fiú" (Presser) - 3:39
* "Ha a csend beszélni tudna" (Somló, Adamis) - 3:20
* "Senki gyermekei" (Presser, Adamis) - 6.38
* "Szelíd erőszak" (Somló, Adamis) - 2:19
* "Ikarus 254" (Laux) - 6:30

### Side Four

(Live Performance)
* "Arra mennék én" (Presser) - 0:41
* "És jött a doktor" (Presser) - 1:07
* "Segíts elaludni!" (Presser, Adamis) - 1:41
* "Ülök a járdán" (Somló, Adamis) - 2:02
* "Az eső és én" (Somló, Adamis) - 5:28
* "Várlak" (Presser) - 2:58
* "Ezüst nyár" (Presser, Adamis) - 3:29
* "Álomarcú lány" (Somló, Adamis) - 1:57
* "Neked írom a dalt" (Presser) - 2:15
For the 1992 CD reissue, the album was fit onto one disc, but due to the format's length restrictions, the song "Ikarus 254" was not included.

## Personnel

* Gábor Presser - piano, clavinet, blues-harp, percussion, vocals
* Tamás Somló - bass guitar, alto saxophone, harmonica, acoustic guitar, vocals
* János Karácsony - electric guitar, acoustic guitar, bass guitar, vocals
* József Laux - drums, percussion
* Anna Adamis - lyrics
* László Dely - percussion (conga, bongo, talking drum, maracas, guayo, afuche, agogo, cow bells, daves, tortuga, triangulum)
* István Dely - percussion
* Endre Sipos - trumpet
* Károly Neumayer - trumpet
* László Dés - tenor saxophone
* István Gábor - tenor saxophone
* István Bergendy - baritone saxophone
* Károly Friedrich - trombone
* László Gőz - trombone
* Júlia Postásy - vocal
* Éva Várszegi - vocal
* Anthimos Apostolis - guitar

### Production

* Attila Apró - Music director
* György Kovács - Sound Engineer
* László Nagyváry - Graphics
# Logan Township, Dearborn County, Indiana

Logan Township is one of fourteen townships in Dearborn County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,541 and it contained 1,290 housing units.
Logan Township took its name from Logan Creek.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 17.88 square miles (46.3 km$^2$), of which 17.76 square miles (46.0 km$^2$) (or 99.33%) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.31 km$^2$) (or 0.67%) is water.

### Cities and towns

* Bright (northwest quarter)

### Unincorporated towns

* Logan

### Major highways

* Interstate 74
* Indiana State Road 46

### Cemeteries

The township contains one cemetery, Logan.
# Juha K. Tapio

Juha K. Tapio (born October 17, 1957) is a Finnish writer and critic whose only novel, Frankensteinin muistikirja (Frankenstein's Notebook, 1996; no foreign translations thus far have been published) was awarded the Helsingin Sanomat Literary Prize for the best Finnish first novel of 1996. The novel is a metafiction written as a kind of sequel to Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus (1818).
Tapio's novel begins in Paris in the 1920s, where two American expatriate writers, Gertrud Stein and Ernst Hemingway (the misspelling of the names is intentional) come across a strange manuscript, which appears to be a diary written by the monster created by Victor Frankenstein. They discover that the writer of the diary is currently living in Paris under the name Frank Stein. Their curiosity aroused, they arrange a meeting with Mr. Stein, who appears to be a rather amiable elderly gentleman, if somewhat rough-hewn in outward appearance - there is nothing monstrous about him at first sight.
The "monster" then tells the two writers his own story after having fled his father's castle; here the narrative mirrors the tale-within-tale structure of Shelley's original, inserting the monster's narrative into the main frame of the plot as a series of diary excerpts, whereas Shelley's novel uses a letter-novel format. The "monster," who is perhaps immortal, perhaps not (as practically everything else in the novel, this fact is clouded in uncertainty), relates his adventures through Europe in the 19th century, commenting on his way on the continent's political, economical and intellectual turmoil in that troubled century, as well as his own moral progress.
The main theme of the book is the complex relation and interchange between fact and fiction, original and copy, normality and abnormality (or even monstrosity). Another important theme is the nature of human identity. Moreover, the whole concept of originality in art and literature is questioned, as basically everything in human culture, including art, is tradition-based and thus indebted to various traditions, a kind of joint effort - whereas Western media and the press have always tended to emphasize the sovereignty of the individual artist/writer as a master of his/her own creation. Indeed, it would perhaps be more appropriate to think of the writer as a kind of receptacle, catalyst and organizer of a common meme-pool. As with Frankenstein's monster, who was put together piecemeal from dead body parts and then re-called to life, a work of art is also put together of hitherto unrelated "dead" elements, which together may form something new, vital, and unique.
In the novel, the point of view of the visual artist is dealt with using the character of Pablo Picasso and his more or less "monstrous" paintings.
Tapio has also published a handful of short stories in the Finnish science fiction and fantasy magazine Portti.
# Loddy Lo

"Loddy Lo" is a song written by Kal Mann and Dave Appell and performed by Chubby Checker. In 1963, the track reached No. 4 on the U.S. R&B and No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100. In Canada the song reached No. 5.
It was featured on his 1963 album, Chubby's Folk Album.
The song was written about Checker's wife Catharina Lodders.

## Other Versions

* Joe Loss and His Orchestra released a version as a single in 1963.
# Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

The Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (JSAD) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original research articles on various aspects of the use and misuse of alcohol and other drugs. Topics covered include the biological, medical, epidemiological, social, psychological, and legal aspects of alcohol and other drug use, abuse, and dependence. The journal was established in 1940 as the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol and changed its name in 1975 to Journal of Studies on Alcohol before obtaining its current name in 2007. The journal appears bimonthly and publishes supplements at irregular intervals. The Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs is a not-for-profit journal based in the Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies at Rutgers University.

## Impact factor

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal's 2022 impact factor is 3.4, ranking it 19th of 54 journals in the category "Substance Abuse," 18th of 38 journals in the category "Substance Abuse" (social science), 12th of 21 journals in the category "Substance Abuse" (science), and 22nd of 81 journals in the category "Psychology."

## Editors-in-chief

The editor-in-chief of the journal as of 1 July 2023 is Jennifer P. Read. Previous editors-in-chief have been Howard W. Haggard (1940–1958), Mark Keller (1958–1977), Timothy Coffee (1977–1984), Jack H. Mendelson and Nancy K. Mello (1984–1991), John Carpenter (1991–1994), Marc A. Schuckit (University of California, San Diego) (1994–2015), and Thomas F. Babor (2015–2023) (University of Connecticut).
# Treaty of Pereyaslav (disambiguation)

* Pereiaslav Agreement, the 1654 Cossack Rada convened in Pereyaslav on the initiative of Bohdan Khmelnytsky to address the issue on mutual relations between Cossack Hetmanate and Muscovy
* Treaty of Pereiaslav (1630), between rebellious Cossack forces of Taras Fedorovych and Polish forces led by hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski
* Pereiaslav Articles, a 1659 treaty between Yuri Khmelnytsky, the son of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and the Russian tsar, drastically limiting the Ukrainian (Cossack) autonomy
# Trichloronitrosomethane

Trichloronitrosomethane is a chlorinated nitrosoalkane. It is a deep blue liquid with powerful lachrymatory effects.

## Synthesis

Trichloronitrosomethane can be produced with following methods:
* Oxidation of trichloromethylsulfinic acid with nitric acid.
* Reaction of sodium trichloromethylsulfinate with sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate in sulfuric acid.
* Pyrolysis of trichloroacethydroxamic acid.

## Chemistry

Trichloronitrosomethane is an unstable substance. It slowly decomposes into nitrosyl chloride, nitrogen oxides, and chloropicrin over time.
Trichloronitrosomethane can be reduced to phosgene oxime by hydrogen sulfide.
# Juho Niukkanen

Juho Niukkanen (27 July 1888 in Kirvu – 17 May 1954 in Helsinki) was a Finnish politician prior to, during, and after the Winter War. He was a member of parliament from 1916 to 1933 and again from 1936 to 1954, and represented the Agrarian Party (Maalaisliitto). He served as a minister in many cabinets. His most important office was as Minister of Finance on three occasions, and as Minister of Defence from 1937 to 1940.
Juho Niukkanen was a favourite subject of many puns and jokes, because his name is derived from the adjective niukka (bare, meagre, economical).
# Trichostema simulatum

Trichostema simulatum is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name Siskiyou bluecurls.
It is found n the western United States, where it is native to the southern Cascade Range in northern California and southern Oregon, and in the northern Sierra Nevada of California.
It grows in open and generally sandy or gravelly sites of Yellow pine forests and adjacent habitats, at 500–1,600 metres (1,600–5,200 ft) in elevation.

## Description

Trichostema simulatum is an annual herb grows up to about 40 centimetres (16 in) tall.
Its aromatic foliage is coated in long and short glandular and nonglandular hairs. The lance-shaped leaves are 2 to 5 centimeters long.
The inflorescence is a long cyme of flowers growing from the stem between each leaf pair. Each flower has a hairy calyx of sepals with triangular points and a tubular, lipped purple corolla. The four protruding stamens are curved.
# Judge Singleton

Judge Singleton may refer to:
* John Virgil Singleton Jr. (1918–2015), judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas
* James K. Singleton (born 1939), judge of the United States District Court for the District of Alaska
# Juan Bautista Vitón

Juan Bautista Vitón (1780 – 1868) was a Spanish politician, merchant and soldier who served in Buenos Aires as lieutenant in the Cuerpo de Voluntarios Artilleros de la Unión, a military unit created during the English Invasions of the Río de la Plata.
He was born in Cádiz, Spain, the son of Ramón Vitón and María Isabel Santibañez, belonging to a distinguished family. He had arrived around the year 1800 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he married Margarita López de Barrios y Chiclana, daughter of Nicolás López de Barrios and María Victoria Chiclana, the sister of lawyer Feliciano Antonio de Chiclana, a key player during the May Revolution.
He participated in the British invasions of the River Plate, serving as lieutenant of artillery in the Cuerpo de Voluntarios Artilleros de la Unión, take part in the main skirmishes against English troops. Due to his opposition to the cause of May Revolution, he was confined to La Rioja Province.
# Trennert Type Foundry

J. D. Trennert and Son was a German type foundry established in Altona.

## Typefaces

The following foundry types were issued by the Trennert foundry:
* Fortuna (1930, Friedrich Bauer)
* Friedrich-Bauer-Grotesk (before 1936, Friedrich Bauer), in addition to a basic face, there were three other versions, halbfette, fette, and an in-line version, lichte. Also cast by Genzsch & Heyse, A.G.
* Potsdam Schnitt (before 1936), four versions, magerer, halbfetter, fetter, and schmal-halbfetter.
* Rheingold (1936, Erich Mollowitz), in two weights, magerer and fetter. Later copied by Weber as Forelle and by Stephenson Blake as Mercury.
* Trennert (1926–27, Friedrich Bauer), in addition to a basic face, there is an italic (with swash capitals), a semi-bold, a bold, and a bold condensed.
# Trenk

Trenk is a surname. Notable people with this name include:
* Ann Trenk, American mathematician
* Franjo Trenk (1711–1749), Austrian soldier and nobleman
* Hans Trenk, German commander of World War I submarine SM UB-86
* Henric Trenk (1818–1892), Swiss-born Romanian artist
* Lieut. Trenk (died 1913), German airship officer, victim of the Johannisthal air disaster
* Willy Trenk-Trebitsch (1902–1983), Austrian actor
# Juan Ibaibarriaga

Juan Bautista Ibaibarriaga (29 August 1898 – 23 March 1925) was a Spanish footballer who usually played as a midfielder for Arenas de Getxo. The highlight of his career was scoring one of the winning goals of the 1919 Copa del Rey Final as Arenas defeated the powerful FC Barcelona 5–2. Like many other Arenas Club players of that time, he played a few games for the Biscay national team, participating in both the 1922–23 and the 1923–24 Prince of Asturias Cups, an official inter-regional competition organized by the RFEF. Both campaigns ended in narrow defeats to Asturias (3–4) and Catalonia (0–1).

## Honours

Arenas Club
* North Championship: 1918–19, 1921–22
* Copa del Rey: 1919
# Judith A. McMorrow

Judith A. McMorrow (born 1955) is an American legal scholar serving as a Professor at Boston College Law School, where she teaches torts, professional responsibility and related topics. Her research interests include professional responsibility and age discrimination (with a focus on retirement policy.) McMorrow participates in several ongoing pro bono activities, including representing women in Massachusetts seeking commutation based on Battered Woman Syndrome. She has explained the role of lawyers in a democratic society. She also advocates interdisciplinary and international scholarship.
After graduating from Nazareth College and University of Notre Dame Law School in 1980, McMorrow clerked for Judge Gilbert S. Merritt of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and Chief Justice Warren E. Burger of the United States Supreme Court. She practiced with the Washington D.C. law firm of Steptoe & Johnson before entering teaching in 1985, when she joined the faculty of Washington and Lee University School of Law.

## Selected works

Books
McMorrow, Judith; and Daniel R Coquillette (2001). Federal law of attorney conduct, part of Moore’s Federal Practice (3d edition). New York : Lexis Publishing. ISBN 0820514101, ISBN 9780820514109.
Articles and Symposia
McMorrow, Judith A. (2007). "Creating Norms of Attorney Conduct in International Tribunals: A Case Study of the ICTY." Newton Centre, MA: Boston College Law School; Berkeley: The Berkeley Electronic Press [Host]. OCLC 778130414.
--- (2004). "The (F)Utility of Rules: Regulating Attorney Conduct in Federal Court Practice." Newton Centre, MA: Boston College Law School; Berkeley: The Berkeley Electronic Press [Host].
--- (2001). "Symposium-Lawyering for the Middle Class – The Advocate as Witness: Understanding Context, Culture and Client." Fordham L. Rev. 70(3): 945-983.
---; and Anthony R. Baldwin (1991). "Life After Law School: On Being a Retired Law Professor." Journal of Legal Education 41(3-4): 407-419.
--- (1991). "Civil Disobedience and the Lawyers Obligation to the Law." Newton Centre, MA: Boston College Law School; Berkeley: The Berkeley Electronic Press [Host]. OCLC 778153409.
--- (1990). "Employment Bonding and the End of Mandatory Retirement." Industrial Relations Law Journal 12(1): 197-216.
--- (1989). "Who owns rights: waiving and settling private rights of action." Villanova, Pa.: Villanova University Press. Reprinted from Villanova L. Rev. 34(3-4): 429-466.
# Lola N. Vassall

Lola Nydia Vassall (August 26, 1906 – September 26, 2002) was a Jamaican-American physician.

## Early life and education

Vassall was born in Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica, the daughter of William Featherstone Vassall and Septina Creary Vassall. She moved to New York City with her family in 1917. Her father and her older sister Lurline helped establish the Harlem Hospital School of Nursing. She graduated from Washington Irving High School, and finished pharmacy school at Howard University in 1932. She earned her medical degree at Howard University in 1936.

## Career

Vassall served internships at Freedmen's Hospital in Washington, D.C. and at Harlem Hospital. She had a private practice in New York City. After she married in 1950, she worked as a civilian physician at United States Army hospitals in Vienna, Washington, D.C., Monterey, California, and finally at Letterman Army Hospital in San Francisco, California.
Vassall was a charter life member of the Howard University Medical Alumni Association (HUMAA). Her cousin Randall Dudley Bloomfield, also a physician, cited her as an early influence in his career.

## Personal life

Vassall became a United States citizen by naturalization in 1939. She married a fellow Howard alumnus and physician, Lindley R. Mordecai, in 1950, in New York City. They divorced in 1970, in San Francisco. She died in 2002, in San Francisco, at the age of 96.
# Juan Ismael Calzada

Juan Ismael Calzada is a Mexican botanist and collector. Dr Calzada is credited with the discovery of the elm Ulmus ismaelis, named in his honour.

## Partial works

* El estropajo. Xalapa Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos. 1982. INIREB informa 52
# Judith (Vouet, Munich)

Judith is an oil-on-canvas painting by Simon Vouet, executed c. 1620–1625. It depicts Judith, the leading character of the Book of Judith, holding the severed head of king Holofernes. She is shown finely dressed, holding her sword with her right hand, and showing the head of Holofernes at her left.
The painting is held at the Alte Pinakothek in Munich.
# Trestrail

Trestrail is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Trestrail (1876–1935), English lawyer and cricketer
* Arthur Trestrail (1921–2014), Trinidad cricketer
* Kenneth Trestrail (1927–1992), West Indian and Canadian cricketer
* Nicholas Trestrail (1858–1922), British mining engineer
# Trischalis subaurana

Trischalis subaurana is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in the Indo-Australian tropics, from the north-eastern Himalayas and Hainan, China to the Bismarck Archipelago. The habitat consists of forests, ranging from the lowlands to the lower montane zone at about 1,000 meters.
# Trischidium

Trischidium is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes five species of trees and shrubs native to northern South America. All species are native to Brazil, with one species (Trischidium molle) extending to Bolivia, and another (T. alternum) to Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, and Peru. Two species are native to tropical non-inundated Amazonian rain forest, one to coastal forest, and two to seasonally-dry cerrado (savanna and woodland) and caatinga (thorny bushland).
It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It was recently reinstated after existing for some time as a junior synonym of Bocoa. It is closely related to the genera Ateleia and Cyathostegia.
# Juan Moreira (disambiguation)

Juan Moreira may refer to:
* Juan Moreira, a historic Argentine outlaw
* Juan Moreira (novel), an 1879 Argentine novel by Eduardo Gutiérrez
* Juan Moreira (1913 film), a silent Argentine film directed by Mario Gallo
* Juan Moreira (1936 film), an Argentine film directed by Nelo Cosimi
* Juan Moreira (1948 film), an Argentine film directed by Luis Moglia Barth
* Juan Moreira (1973 film), an Argentine film directed by Leonardo Favio