OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of South African provinces by population

Since the election of 27 April 1994, South Africa has been divided into nine provinces. They vary widely in population, from the mostly-urban Gauteng, which contains over 20% of the national population, to the mostly-desert Northern Cape, which contains less than 3%. The following table shows the provincial populations according to the 2011 National Census, the 2016 Community Survey, and the most recent 2022 Census.

## List

| Rank | Province | Census 2011 | Census 2011 | 2016 community survey | 2016 community survey | Census 2022 | Census 2022 |
| Rank | Province | Population | Percentage | Population | Percentage | Population | Percentage |
| 1 | Gauteng | 12,272,263 | 23.7 | 13,399,724 | 24.1 | 15,099,422 | 24.3 |
| 2 | KwaZulu-Natal | 10,267,300 | 19.8 | 11,065,240 | 19.9 | 12,423,907 | 20.0 |
| 3 | Western Cape | 5,822,734 | 11.2 | 6,279,730 | 11.3 | 7,433,019 | 12.0 |
| 4 | Eastern Cape | 6,562,053 | 12.7 | 6,996,976 | 12.6 | 7,230,204 | 11.6 |
| 5 | Limpopo | 5,404,868 | 10.4 | 5,799,090 | 10.4 | 6,572,720 | 10.6 |
| 6 | Mpumalanga | 4,039,939 | 7.8 | 4,335,964 | 7.8 | 5,143,324 | 8.3 |
| 7 | North West | 3,509,953 | 6.8 | 3,748,435 | 6.7 | 3,804,548 | 6.1 |
| 8 | Free State | 2,745,590 | 5.3 | 2,834,714 | 5.1 | 2,964,412 | 4.8 |
| 9 | Northern Cape | 1,145,861 | 2.2 | 1,193,780 | 2.1 | 1,355,946 | 2.2 |
| South Africa | South Africa | 51,770,561 | 100.0 | 55,653,654 | 100.0 | 62,027,503 | 100.0 |

## Historical data

Since the creation of the current provinces in 1994 there have been three censuses, in 1996, 2001 and 2011.
| Province | Census 1996 | Percentage | Census 2001 | Percentage | Census 2011 | Percentage |
| Gauteng | 7,348,423 | 18.1 | 8,837,178 | 19.7 | 12,272,263 | 23.7 |
| KwaZulu-Natal | 8,417,021 | 20.7 | 9,426,017 | 21.0 | 10,267,300 | 19.8 |
| Eastern Cape | 6,302,525 | 15.5 | 6,436,763 | 14.4 | 6,562,053 | 12.7 |
| Western Cape | 3,956,875 | 9.7 | 4,524,335 | 10.1 | 5,822,734 | 11.2 |
| Limpopo | 4,929,368 | 12.1 | 5,273,642 | 11.8 | 5,404,868 | 10.4 |
| Mpumalanga | 2,800,711 | 6.9 | 3,122,990 | 7.0 | 4,039,939 | 7.8 |
| North West | 3,354,825 | 8.3 | 3,669,349 | 8.2 | 3,509,953 | 6.8 |
| Free State | 2,633,504 | 6.5 | 2,706,775 | 6.0 | 2,745,590 | 5.3 |
| Northern Cape | 840,321 | 2.1 | 822,727 | 1.8 | 1,145,861 | 2.2 |
| South Africa | 40,583,573 | 100.0 | 44,819,776 | 100.0 | 51,770,561 | 100.0 |
# Jean Pascal Sébah

Jean Pascal Sébah (1872 – 6 June 1947) was a Syriac-Armenian photographer. The son of Pascal Sébah, he continued the Sébah family's photographic legacy after his father's death in 1886.

## Life and career

Jean Pascal Sébah was the son of Pascal Sébah who had opened a photographic studio in Cairo from the mid-1850s and another studio in Constantinople from the early 1870s. The Sébah studio had earned a reputation for the foremost Orientalist photography in the region.
Following his father's death on 25 June 1886, the studio continued in business. Initially it was managed by his uncle, Cosmi (his father's brother), and in 1888 Pollicarpe Joaillier became a partner. At this time the company was renamed Sebah & Joaillier Jean Pascal Sébah, also joined in 1888 and went on to run the studio with other photographers. The firm developed a reputation as the leading representative of Orientalist photography and in 1889 was appointed the Photographers by Appointment to the Prussian Court.
In 1893, Sultan Abdulhamid II sponsored fifty-one photographic albums representing the span of the Ottoman Empire with two of the volumes produced by Sebah & Joaillier. U.S. President Grover Cleveland was one of the recipients of the photo collection and it is now in the Library of Congress in the USA.
The "Foto Sabah" studio in Pera, Constantinople, was the most prestigious photography studio in the city for many decades during the 19th and 20th centuries. Their photographs depicted sites such as the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque and the Galata Tower.
Sébah died on 6 June 1947, at the age of 75.

## Gallery

* Ottoman dignitaries
* Orthodox clergyman
* Turkish dervish
* Nubian woman
* View of Constantinople
* Interior of Hagia Sophia mosque
* Sirkeci train station, Constantinople
* Statue of Rameses, 1880s
# The Revolt of Mamie Stover

The Revolt of Mamie Stover is a 1951 novel by William Bradford Huie about a young woman from Mississippi who goes to Hollywood to work as an actress. Driven into prostitution, she moves to Honolulu, works at a brothel and takes it over, challenges restrictions against prostitutes after the US armed forces are built up on the island, buys real estate, and becomes a wealthy war profiteer.

## Plot

The Revolt of Mamie Stover is an allegory for the decline of American society because of the country-wide democratization that conflict made possible. Using a Honolulu prostitute to state his case, Huie shows her rise economically, socially, and politically with the aid, in part, of the federal government as she flouts local regulation (prostitution itself being legal at the time). As the war progresses, Stover becomes a war profiteer, coming to control property, accumulating vast wealth in cash, and visiting proscribed beaches in the company of U.S. military officers.
The Revolt of Mamie Stover is the first volume in a trilogy, including The Americanization of Emily (1959), and Hotel Mamie Stover (1963), all of which have the same narrator. In the first and third books, he is primarily present in order to observe and report, and in the second he relates his experiences in the late stages of World War II.

## Adaptation

A movie version directed by Raoul Walsh was released in 1956 with Jane Russell in the title role. The screenplay essentially dropped the Hollywood critique.
# Mateika

Mateika or Mateiko is an uninhabited islet of Funafuti, Tuvalu.
# Sharafkandi

Sharafkandi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Abdurrahman Sharafkandi or Hajar, (Kurdish: Hejar, Persian: Hazhar) (1921–1991), Kurdish writer, poet, lexicographer, linguist, and translator
* Sadegh Sharafkandi (Kurdish: Sadiq Şerefkendî) (1938–1992), Kurdish political activist
# Jack McGrath

Jack McGrath may refer to:
* Jack McGrath (footballer) (1924–2013), Australian rules footballer for Geelong
* Jack McGrath (rugby union) (born 1989), Irish rugby union player
* Jack McGrath (racing driver) (1919–1955), American racecar driver
* Jack McGrath (American football), American football player and coach
# Peaks, Valleys, Honky Tonks & Alleys

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Peaks, Valleys, Honky Tonks & Alleys is the eighth album by American singer-songwriter Michael Martin Murphey and his first live album. The first five tracks were recorded at the legendary Palomino Club in North Hollywood, Los Angeles, an important West Coast country music venue. The remaining five tracks are studio recordings. The live tracks showcase Murphey's early work with some interesting twists. His "Cosmic Cowboy" turns into a breakdown, while "Another Cheap Western" is coupled with The Olympics' 1958 hit, "Western Movies". The album produced the singles "Backslider's Wine" and "Chain Gang" that peaked at numbers 92 and 93 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart respectively.
It was the final album in which he was credited as "Michael Murphey"—all of his subsequent releases have been under his full name.
The woman featured on the album cover with Michael was his girlfriend and future wife (1980-2001), fashion model, Mary Maciukas

## Track listing

* "Cosmic Cowboy" / "Cosmic Breakdown" (Murphey) – 6:08
* "Another Cheap Western / Western Movies" (Murphey, Cliff Goldsmith, Fred Sledge Smith) – 4:08
* "Years Behind Bars" (Murphey) – 3:11
* "Backslider's Wine" (Murphey) – 3:25
* "Geronimo's Cadillac" (Murphey, Charles Quarto) – 6:47
* "South Coast" (Murphey) – 4:05
* "Chain Gang" (Sam Cooke) – 3:57
* "Once a Drifter" (Murphey) – 4:41
* "Texas Morning" (Murphey, Castleman) – 4:12
* "Lightning" (Murphey) – 4:31

## Credits

Music
* Michael Martin Murphey – vocals, guitar, piano, harmonica
* Sam Broussard – guitar, background vocals
* Dan Dugmore – steel guitar
* Doug Dillard – banjo
* Byron Berline – fiddle
* Rod Phillips – keyboards
* Jai Winding – keyboards
* Don Brooks – harmonica
* Bob Glaub – bass
* Mike Botts – drums
* Gary Coleman – percussion
* Tom Kelly – background vocals
* Katy Moffatt – background vocals
* Timothy B. Schmit – background vocals
* Bobby Kimball – background vocals
Production
* John Boylan – producer
* Paul Grupp – engineer
# Lukkarinen

Lukkarinen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Impi Lukkarinen (1918–2010), Finnish journalist and politician
* Marjut Rolig (born 1966), née Lukkarinen, Finnish cross-country skier
* Mari Lukkarinen, Finnish orienteering competitor
# St. Mary del Dam

53°20′38″N 6°16′2.77″W﻿ / ﻿53.34389°N 6.2674361°W﻿ / 53.34389; -6.2674361 St. Mary del Dam is a former parish church in Dublin, Ireland that for many years occupied an important position in the city, and after which Dame Street is named.

## The church

In 1319 the Irish Parliament ordered that the belfry of St. Mary del Dam be repaired.
It was here that the coronation of the boy impostor, Lambert Simnel, took place in 1487. There was a statue of the Blessed Virgin with a crown in the church. From this church, the crown was taken to place on his head, and a great procession started from Dublin Castle, lords and nobles walking to Christ Church Cathedral.
The church came into the possession of Richard Boyle in the 16th century. The Earl of Cork built his house on the site of the church, which gave the name of Cork Hill to the locality.
In the 18th century it was proposed that a chapel for the use of the government should be erected on the site where St. Mary del Dam had stood, but the Dublin merchants, who had an exchange near there, petitioned that an exchange might be erected on this piece of ground, as most convenient for their business. The King agreed to this. The plan of Thomas Cooley was adopted in preference to one by James Gandon, and the foundation stone of the Royal Exchange was laid on 2 August 1769.

## The cemetery

The cemetery, which was next to the church, was taken over by the garden of Cork House.

## References and sources
### Notes

* 1 2 3 4 Peter, p. 45
* ↑ 13 Edward II Repair of the belfry of the church of St. Mary del Dam

### Sources

* Peter, A. (1927). Dublin Fragments: Social and Historic. Dublin: Hodges Figgis & Co.
* Gilbert, John (1854). A History of the City of Dublin. Oxford: Oxford University.
* George Newenham Wright (2005). "An Historical Guide to the City of Dublin". Online book. Archived from the original on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 2 November 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
* Craig, Maurice (1969). Dublin: 1660-1860. Dublin: Allen Figgis.
* This article about an Irish church is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# St Barnabas Hospital (Eastern Cape)

St Barnabas Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital for the Nyandeni Local Municipality area in Libode, Eastern Cape in South Africa. It serves a population of 290 390.
The hospital departments include Emergency department, Paediatric ward, Maternity ward, Out Patients Department, Surgical Services, Medical Services, Operating Theatre & CSSD Services, Pharmacy, Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, Post Trauma Counseling Services, X-ray Services, Physiotherapy, NHLS Laboratory, Laundry Services, Kitchen Services and Mortuary.
# Penicillium simplicissimum

Penicillium simplicissimum is an anamorph species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which can promote plant growth. This species occurs on food and its primary habitat is in decaying vegetations Penicillium simplicissimum produces verruculogene, fumitremorgene B, penicillic acid, viridicatumtoxin, decarestrictine G, decarestrictine L, decarestrictine H, decarestrictine I, decarestrictine K decarestrictine M, dihydrovermistatin, vermistatin and penisimplicissin
# Penicillium sinaicum

Penicillium sinaicum is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which was isolated from marine sludge near Port Said City in Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.
# Penia

In Plato's Symposium, Penia /ˈpiːniə/ (Ancient Greek: Πενία, Penía), or Penae /ˈpiːˌniː/ (Latin: "Poverty", "Deficiency"), is the personification of poverty and need. She conceived Eros with an intoxicated Porus ("Resource", "Contrivance") in Zeus's garden while at Aphrodite's birthday. Her sisters are Amechania and Ptocheia. Penia was also mentioned by other ancient Greek writers such as Alcaeus (Fragment 364), Theognis (Fragment 1; 267, 351, 649), Aristophanes (Plutus, 414ff), Herodotus, Plutarch (Life of Themistocles), and Philostratus (Life of Apollonius).

## Mythology
### Plato's account

Perhaps one of the most famous mentions is in Plato's Symposium (203b–e), a Socratic Dialogue written by Plato c. 385–370 BC. She is part of a story narrated by Socrates, that he originally heard from a priestess by the name of Diotima. There, Penia appears during a banquet thrown by the gods to celebrate the birth of Aphrodite, in order to beg. In the hope for alleviating her misery, she sleeps with Poros, god of wealth, while he is intoxicated from drinking too much, resulting in the birth of Eros, God of Love; who is a combination of both his parents, in that he is forever in need and forever pursuing.

### Aristophanes' portrayal

In her portrayal by the playwright Aristophanes, Penia attempts to convince two foolish men about the dangers of allowing wealth to be abundant for everybody. She debates the issue of motivation among those who are wealthy; by acquiring a luxurious life, humans will not see a need to put in effort to produce goods and products. She explains that there will come a time where mankind will not be able to purchase much of anything because of low supply, and people will end up working significantly harder than before in order to obtain food or build furniture. She understands that she is resented, but also knows that she is vital for maintaining the continuity of mankind.
# Pen and Paper

Pen and Paper may refer to:
* "Pen and Paper" (Jerry Lee Lewis song), 1963
* "Pen & Paper", a 2009 song by The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus
* Pen and Paper, a 1965 album by Faron Young
# St Mary's and St John's Church of England School

St Mary's and St John's CE School is a coeducational Church of England all-through school located in the Hendon area of the London Borough of Barnet, England. The school admits pupils aged 3 – 18. Known as SMSJ, it was created by the London Diocesan Board for Schools and London Borough of Barnet to provide a mixed Church of England-based education up to sixth form for an increasing number of pupils in the Barnet area. It was the first all-through school in Barnet. It specialises in performing arts as well as Business & Enterprise, offering Music, Dance & Drama to its students, as well as scholarships in these subjects.
It is based on 3 sites: A Nursery School and Reception to Year 4 are based at the Lower School on Prothero Gardens; Years 5 - 8 at the Middle School on Sunningfields Road and Years 9 - 13 at the Stamford Raffles campus on the Downage. The school has undergone a huge refurbishment and rebuilding programme and the newest site opened on the Downage in September 2017.
It is a voluntary aided school, part of the London Diocesan Board of Schools, administered by the Church of England Diocese of London and Barnet London Borough Council.
Reportedly, the school's motto for many years was "Audio, Video, Disco", Latin for "I hear, I see, I learn". This motto gained some notoriety in 1983, after all three words had gained new meaning in English.
Previously a primary school located at Prothero Gardens in Hendon, SMSJ was asked to expand by Barnet Local Authority and began accepting secondary school age pupils in September 2014 when the Middle School site opened on the former St Mary's CE School Upper Site in Sunningfields Road. The building was officially opened by the then Bishop of London, Richard Chartres.
The school operates a sixth form, and has a pupil roll of some 1,800 pupils across its three sites. The third campus and Upper School building, Stamford Raffles opened on the former St Mary's Lower School site in Downage in September 2017. It was officially opened by the Bishop of Edmonton, Rob Wickham, in November 2017.
St Mary's and St John's Church of England School offers GCSEs as programmes of study for pupils, whilst students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A-Levels.
# St. Martha, Engenhahn

St. Martha is a Catholic church in Engenhahn, now an Ortsteil of Niedernhausen, Hesse, Germany. It was built in 1890/91 in the west of the village, designed by Alois Vogt, who taught at the Bauschule in Idstein. It was built on an initiative of the Idstein priest Schilo, who collected donations to build a church in both Idstein and Engenhahn.
The church served as a chapel until 1924. In 1963, a parish of the same name was installed, but it was merged to St. Martin, Idstein, in 2017.
# St. Martha's AME Church and Parsonage

The St. Martha's AME Church and Parsonage in Highland, Kansas is a historic site at the southwest corner of Main and Canada. It was built in 1882 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
It includes the St. Martha's A.M.E. Church, built c.1882, a one-story gable roof building with clapboard exterior. It also includes a one-and-a-half-story parsonage, also built c.1882.
# Penamaluru mandal

Penamaluru mandal is one of the 25 mandals in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Penamaluru Mandal is the major suburb of Vijayawada.It is under the administration of Vuyyuru revenue division and its headquarters are located at Penamaluru. The mandal lies on the banks of Krishna River and is bounded by Vijayawada (urban), Vijayawada (rural) and Kankipadu mandals. The mandal is also a part of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region under the jurisdiction of APCRDA.

## Demographics

As of 2011 census, the mandal had a population of 168,022. The total
population constitute, 84,485 males and 83,537 females —a sex ratio of 989 females per 1000
males. 15,682 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 7,970 are boys and 7,712 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 80.39% with 122,471 literates.

## Administration

The mandal has 10 settlements. It includes 1 out growths and 4 villages. Ganguru (OG) and Penamaluru (OG) are outgrowths to Vijayawada (M.Corp). On 23 March 2017, as per the G.O. 104 of Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department, Kanuru (CT), Poranki (CT), Penamaluru (OG), Tadigadapa (CT), Yanamalakuduru (CT) became a part of Vijayawada metropolitan area.
The following are towns and villages in the mandal:
* Chodavaram
* Ganguru (OG)
* Gosala
* Pedapulipaka
* Vanukuru
Note: M.Corp.-Municipal Corporation, (CT)-Census town, OG-Out Growth
# Peek's law

In physics, Peek's law defines the electric potential gap necessary for triggering a corona discharge between two wires:
       $e_{v}=m_{v}g_{v}r\ln \left({S \over r}\right)$
e$_v$ is the "visual critical corona voltage" or "corona inception voltage" (CIV), the voltage required to initiate a visible corona discharge between the wires. It is named after Frank William Peek (1881–1933).
m$_v$ is an irregularity factor to account for the condition of the wires. For smooth, polished wires, m$_v$ = 1. For roughened, dirty or weathered wires, 0.98 to 0.93, and for cables, 0.87 to 0.83, namely the surface irregularities result in diminishing the corona threshold voltage.
r is the radius of the wires in cm.
S is the distance between the center of the wires.
g$_v$ is the "visual critical" electric field, and is given by:
       $g_{v}=g_{0}\delta \left(1+{c \over {\sqrt {\delta r}}}\right)$
δ is the air density factor with respect to SATP (25°C and 76 cmHg):
       $\delta ={\rho \over \rho _{SATP}}$
g$_0$ is the "disruptive electric field."
c is an empirical dimensional constant.
    The values for the last two parameters are usually considered to be about 30-32 kV/cm (in air) and 0.301 cm$^½$ respectively. This latter law can be considered to hold also in different setups, where the corresponding voltage is different due to geometric reasons.
# Peek-A-Boo Records

Peek-A-Boo Records is an Austin, Texas based independent record label.

## Current (active) bands

* Peel
* The Octopus Project
* Palaxy Tracks

## Alumni (previous bands)

* The 1-4-5s
* Black Lipstick
* Drake Tungsten
* Golden Millennium
* Junior Varsity
* The Kiss Offs
* Knife in the Water
* The Prima Donnas
* Silver Scooter
* Spoon
* Super XX Man
# St Mary Orthodox Church - Cambridge, MA

St. Mary Orthodox Christian Church is a parish of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America located in Central Square of Cambridge, MA.
St. Mary Church adheres to the teachings and practice of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch specifically, and Orthodox Christianity in general.

## Clergy

V. Rev. Fr Antony Hughes is the current Pastor of St. Mary's. Current and past clergy have included:
* V. Rev. Fr Antony Hughes (1993 - present)
* Rev. Dn. Jeffrey Smith (2002 - present)
* Rev. Dn. James Wilcox (2021 - present)
* Fr. Alexis Kouri (1989 - 1993)
* Fr. Gregory Phelan (1981 - 1989)
* Fr. George Shaheen (?)
* Fr. Paul O'Callahan (?)
* Fr. Demetri Khoury (1977)
* Fr. Anthony Sakey (1976-1977)
* Fr. David Buss (1976)
* Fr. Athanasius Emmert (1974 - 1976)
* Fr. Nicholas Steele (1971 - 1974)
* Father John vonHolzhausen (1945 - 1971)
* Very Reverend Alexander Deebeh (?)
* Right Reverend Basilios Abousaffie (?)
* Right Reverend Hannanias Kassab (?)
* Fr. Gabriel Barrow (?)
* Fr. Mahfouz (1928 - ?)
* Archbishop Victor, founder (1928)
# Pentanenitrile

Pentanenitrile, valeronitrile or butyl cyanide is a nitrile with the formula C$_4$H$_9$CN. This can be written BuCN, with Bu representing an n-butyl (linear butyl group).

## Production

Pentanenitrile can be produced by heating 1-chlorobutane with sodium cyanide in dimethyl sulfoxide. This reaction takes about 20 minutes, keeping the temperature below 160 °C. The yield is about 93%.
Another way to get the substance is by heating valeraldehyde with hydroxylamine.
Pentanenitrile is contained in bone oil.

## Properties

The pentanenitrile molecule is flexible and can adopt a number of different conformers, so that it will naturally be a mixture. These conformers are called anti-anti (30%), anti-gauche (46%), gauche-anti, gauche-gauche-cis, and gauche-gauche-trans.

## Biology

Pentanenitrile is toxic to animals, and produces its action by the liberation of cyanide by cytochrome P450. The cyanide is detoxified and excreted in urine as thiocyanate.
Pentanenitrile is found in Brassica species and varieties such as broccoli.
Pentanenitrile is hydrolyzed to valeric acid by the fungi Gibberella intermedia, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus niger in which it induces production of the nitrilase enzyme.