OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nocturnin

Nocturnin is a human hydrolase enzyme that is involved in metabolism and its expression is controlled by the rhythmic circadian clock. It is encoded by the NOCT gene located on chromosome 4. Nocturnin contains a C-terminal structural domain of the Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase family. A study in January 2019, demonstrated that NADP+ and NADPH are the direct targets of Nocturnin.
The Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of Nocturnin is Curled. Knockouts of Curled lead to the curled wing phenotype in fruit flies. The curled wing phenotype was first discovered by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1915. In mice the Nocturnin ortholog is responsible for controlling diet and weight-gain, knockout mice do not gain weight when placed on a high-fat diet, when compared to normal mice containing Nocturnin. In mice it has also been shown that Nocturnin is rhythmically expressed even when mice are placed in complete darkness, demonstrating that Nocturnin expression is driven by our body's internal clock.

## Cellular localization

Nocturnin was shown to have a Mitochondrial targeting sequence, which is located on the N-terminus of the protein. The targeting sequence of Nocturnin is cleaved off at the mitochondria to allow entry.

## Enzymatic activity

Nocturnin was previously thought to deadenylate mRNAs of metabolic genes, but two studies in 2018 found that Nocturnin does not directly possess ribonuclease activity. A study in January 2019 demonstrated that human Nocturnin is a phosphatase that acts directly on NADP(H) to remove the 2' phosphate. Curled, the Drosophila ortholog, was also shown to be an NADP(H) 2' phosphatase, which indicates that the enzymatic activity is conserved from humans to fruit flies.

## Structure

Nocturnin contains a C-terminal structural domain of the Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase family (EEP). Its protein fold is similar to that of DNase I, AP endonuclease, INPP5B, Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, TDP2, PDE12, and CNOT6L. As in the other EEP members, five conserved catalytic residues help coordinate a Magnesium atom, for Nocturnin the divalent metal participates in the NADP(H) phosphatase activity. The first structures of human Nocturnin were solved in 2017-2018 (6BT1, 6BT2, and 6MAL). All three were of the C-terminal EEP-like domain of Nocturnin bound to its cofactor magnesium. In December 2018, the first structure of Nocturnin bound to its natural substrate, NADPH, was determined, 6NF0.
# Schistochila undulatifolia

Schistochila undulatifolia is a species of liverwort in the family Schistochilaceae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Hydrocanthus

Hydrocanthus is a genus of beetles in the family Noteridae, containing the following species:
* ‡Hydrocanthus acrobeles Guignot, 1953
* ‡Hydrocanthus adrasus Guignot, 1950
* Hydrocanthus advena Sharp, 1882
* ‡Hydrocanthus alter Guignot, 1959
* Hydrocanthus ancus Guignot, 1942
* Hydrocanthus atripennis Say, 1830
* ‡Hydrocanthus australasiae Wehncke, 1876
* ‡Hydrocanthus balkei Toledo & Hendrich 2006
* ‡Hydrocanthus carbonarius Guignot, 1936 - This species was not included in Nilsson's revised catalogue of 2011.
* ‡Hydrocanthus colini Zimmermann, 1926
* ‡Hydrocanthus congoanus Gschwendtner, 1930
* ‡Hydrocanthus congrex Guignot, 1959
* ‡Hydrocanthus consimilis Gschwendtner, 1938
* ‡Hydrocanthus constrictus Régimbart, 1895
* Hydrocanthus debilis Sharp, 1882
* ‡Hydrocanthus delphinus Guignot, 1942
* ‡Hydrocanthus fabiennae Bameul, 1994
* Hydrocanthus fasciatus Steinheil, 1869
* ‡Hydrocanthus ferruginicollis Régimbart, 1895
* ‡Hydrocanthus funebris Fairmaire, 1869
* ‡Hydrocanthus gracilis H.J.Kolbe, 1883
* ‡Hydrocanthus grandis (Laporte, 1835)
* Hydrocanthus guignoti Young, 1985
* ‡Hydrocanthus impunctatus Gschwendtner, 1932
* ‡Hydrocanthus indicus Wehncke, 1876
* ‡Hydrocanthus insolitus Bilardo & Rocchi, 1987
* Hydrocanthus iricolor Say, 1823
* ‡Hydrocanthus klarae Gschwendtner, 1930
* ‡Hydrocanthus leleupi Guignot, 1955
* Hydrocanthus levigatus (Brullé, 1837)
* Hydrocanthus marmoratus Sharp, 1882
* ‡Hydrocanthus micans Wehncke, 1883
* ‡Hydrocanthus mocquerysi Régimbart, 1895
* Hydrocanthus oblongus Sharp, 1882
* Hydrocanthus occidentalis Young, 1985
* Hydrocanthus pallisteri Young, 1985
* ‡Hydrocanthus paludicola Guignot, 1951
* Hydrocanthus paludimonstrus K.B.Miller, 2001
* Hydrocanthus paraguayensis Zimmermann, 1928
* ‡Hydrocanthus parvulus Gschwendtner, 1930
* ‡Hydrocanthus pederzanii Toledo & Hendrich, 2006
* ‡Hydrocanthus prolixus Sharp, 1904
* Hydrocanthus regius Young, 1953
* Hydrocanthus rubiginosus Guignot, 1942
* ‡Hydrocanthus secutor Guignot, 1955
* Hydrocanthus sharpi Zimmermann, 1928
* ‡Hydrocanthus sicarius Guignot, 1947
* Hydrocanthus socius R.F.Sahlberg, 1844
* ‡Hydrocanthus subplanatus Gschwendtner, 1933
* ‡Hydrocanthus upembicus Guignot, 1954
* ‡Hydrocanthus vadoni Guignot, 1936
* ‡Hydrocanthus waterhousei Blackburn, 1888
* ‡Hydrocanthus wittei Gschwendtner, 1930
In 2016, Baca et al. split this genus into two, reviving the subgeneric name Sternocanthus Guignot, 1948 and elevating it to the rank of genus. The species which were transferred to that genus are indicated with the symbol ‡.
# Johanan ben Nuri

Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri (Hebrew: יוחנן בן נורי) was a tanna of the 1st and 2nd centuries.

## Biography

He initially studied under the watch of Rabban Gamliel of Yavne and senior of Rabbi Akiva, and later took up residence in Beit She'arim (Roman-era Jewish village). A great halakist, always provided with satisfactory answers to all questions, he was familiarly called "pedler's basket" or "bundle of halakot"; the number and diversity of halakot cited under his name in the Mishnah alone, about 40, justify those titles. Besides exhaustive rabbinical knowledge, he acquired familiarity with the general science of his time, especially geometry. It was said of him, as of his colleague R. Eleazar Chisma, that he could approximately state the number of drops contained in the sea.
Also like R. Eleazar Chisma, he was very poor. Through the influence of R. Joshua ben Hananiah both were appointed by Rabban Gamliel to remunerative offices.
Rabbi Johanan showed himself grateful to Rabban Gamliel. When, after that patriarch's death, Rabbi Joshua proposed a change in a rule established by Rabban Gamliel, Rabbi Johanan opposed him: "I have observed that the head is always followed by the body; as long as Rabban Gamliel lived we observed the rule laid down by him, and now you propose to veto his directions. Joshua, we shall not listen to you". Close scholarly relations also existed between him and R. Halafta.
He was very pious, and therefore later rabbis said that when one dreams of Rabbi Johanan ben Nuri one may hope to develop a wholesome fear of sin.

## Teachings

In his discussions of halakhot, Rabbi Johanan considered expediency and economy as well as law and authority. When Rabbi Tarfon declared that only olive oil was appropriate for the Shabbat-lamp, Rabbi Johanan became impatient: "And what shall the Babylonians do where none but sesame-oil is to be had; and what shall the Medians do, who have nothing but nut-oil; and the Alexandrians, who have nothing but radish-oil; or the Cappadocians, who have only naphtha?". On another occasion, when Rabbi Akiva suggested that a married woman who has become the common talk of the "spinsters by the moon" ought to be divorced, Johanan remarked, "In that case there is no chance for a daughter of Judah to live with a husband! Only where infidelity is fully established by legal evidence may a divorce be imposed".
In the aggadah he is not often cited.
Some of his halachic teachings are notable even though they are not accepted in practice. He ruled that not only the five species of grain, but also rice and millet, could become chametz. He ruled that in the mussaf prayer of Rosh Hashana, the malchuyot verses should be recited in the third blessing (kedushat hashem) rather than the fourth (kedushat hayom).
# Stanley Fingland

Sir Stanley James Gunn Fingland KCMG (19 December 1919 – 20 January 2003) was a British diplomat who was High Commissioner to Sierra Leone, Ambassador to Cuba and High Commissioner to Kenya.

## Career

Stanley James Gunn Fingland was educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh. He joined the Civil Service in 1936 at the age of 17, initially in the Post Office During the Second World War he served with the Royal Signals in North Africa, Sicily, Italy and Egypt, earning a mention in dispatches and rising to the rank of major. He joined the Commonwealth Relations Office in 1948 and served with the High Commission in India and the embassy in Australia before being posted as Adviser on Commonwealth and External Affairs to the Governor-General of Nigeria 1958–60. After Nigeria gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1960 Fingland served briefly at the new High Commission there before being posted to the West Indies Federation to do a similar advisory job; after Trinidad and Tobago gained their independence in 1962 he was Deputy High Commissioner until the following year.
In 1964 Fingland was posted to Rhodesia as Deputy High Commissioner, and was still there in November 1965 when Ian Smith signed the Unilateral Declaration of Independence and a state of emergency. The British High Commissioner has to leave and Fingland stayed on as head of the residual mission until he was also expelled in 1966. He was then posted as High Commissioner to Sierra Leone 1966–69, an unstable time during which there were three military coups. After three years as assistant Under-Secretary of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Fingland was posted as ambassador to Cuba 1972–75 and finally as High Commissioner to Kenya 1975–79, during which time he was also the UK Permanent Representative to the UN Environment Programme and briefly to the UN Centre for Human Settlements after it was established in 1978 (both UN organisations have their headquarters at Nairobi, Kenya).
"In all his posts, Fingland was utterly lacking in pretension; he was blessed with robust common sense, and was a prescient and practical organiser of unquestionable integrity." — Obituary, The Telegraph, London, 21 March 2003
Stanley Fingland was appointed CMG in the New Year Honours of 1966 and knighted KCMG in the New Year Honours of 1979.
Diplomatic posts :
| Preceded byDesmond Crawley | High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Sierra Leone 1966–1969 | Succeeded byStephen Olver |
| Preceded byRichard Sykes | Ambassador from the United Kingdom to Cuba 1972–1975 | Succeeded bySir Edward Jackson |
| Preceded bySir Antony Duff | High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Kenya 1975–1979 | Succeeded bySir John Williams |
# Mary Beth Monroe

Mary Beth Todd Monroe (1947 – August 27, 2013) was an American physics educator, the president-elect of the American Association of Physics Teachers and a professor of physics at Southwest Texas Junior College.

## Education and career

Monroe majored in physics at Sam Houston State University, graduating in 1970. She became a secondary-school physics teacher while continuing to study laser science with Charles Manka at Sam Houston State, earning a master's degree in 1973.
She became a faculty member at the University of Texas–Pan American in 1973, and in 1974 moved to Southwest Texas Junior College, where she remained until retiring in 2012; throughout this time, she was the only physicist on the college's faculty.
She died of cancer in Reagan Wells, Texas on August 27, 2013.

## Contributions

Monroe was the principal investigator of multiple national projects on the reform of physics education at two-year colleges, and in 2002 organized a conference on physics teacher education.
She was an active member of the American Association of Physics Teachers beginning when she was a student, and began national service in the association in 1979. She was elected in 2011 as a future president of the American Association of Physics Teachers, but died as president-elect before she could serve her term. She also helped found a chapter of the Society of Physics Students at her college, in 1975.

## Recognition

The American Association of Physics Teachers gave Monroe a Distinguished Service Citation in 1998, and the Melba Newell Phillips Medal in 2010. The Texas Section of the association gave her the Robert N. Little Award in 2003.
In 2004 she was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), after a nomination from the APS Forum on Education, "for her national leadership and service to the American Physical Society, the American Association of Physics Teachers, and the Two Year College project and for fostering professional identity among two-year college physics teachers".
# Pterocarya fraxinifolia

Pterocarya fraxinifolia is a species of tree in the Juglandaceae family. It is commonly known as the Caucasian wingnut or Caucasian walnut. It is native to the Caucasian region Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Ukraine and Turkey. It was introduced to France in 1784, and to Great Britain after 1800.

## Description

The tree is monoecious and grows to a height of < 30 m, the short, thick bole supporting widely spreading branches to form a rounded structure, not unlike the wych elm. The pinnate leaves can exceed 60 cm in length, comprising 7 - 27 sessile leaflets. The flowers appear in April, the male catkins thick and green, 7.5 – 12.5 cm long, the females longer with less dense flowers, bearing red styles forming fruiting catkins 30 – 50 cm long, the green, winged, nuts approximately 1.8 cm wide.

## Ecology

The species is fast growing and grows best on flat ground or shallow slopes near river banks and in deep moist soils. The climate associated with the distribution of this tree includes mild winters and mild humid summers. It generally grows in mixed stands with other species and rarely grows in pure stands.

## Fossil record

Fossils of Pterocarya fraxinifolia have been described from the fossil flora of Kızılcahamam district in Turkey, which is of early Pliocene age.
# Ventimiglia di Sicilia

Ventimiglia di Sicilia (Sicilian: Calamigna) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Palermo, located in the autonomous region of Sicily, Italy. Though "Ventimiglia di Sicilia" is its official name, in Sicilian, the city is known as Calamigna.
Ventimiglia was founded in the 1620s by Don Girolamo del Carretto. The town was named after his wife, Beatrice Ventimiglia. In 1863, "di Sicilia" was added to Ventimiglia, to differentiate the city from the town of Ventimiglia in Liguria. The city is neighbored by the towns Baucina, Bolognetta, Caccamo, Casteldaccia and Ciminna.
The town is also home to an advanced observatory, the Osservatorio di Ventimiglia di Sicilia "Ezio Brancato" (Ventimiglia di Sicilia Observatory) run by The Organizzazione Ricerche e Studi di Astronomia (Organization for the Research and Study of Astronomy) or ORSA, built in 2001.
There is also an emigrant community from the town in New York City. They have a plot with graves for members of the “Club di Figli Maria SS Rosario / Ventimiglia Sicula” in the “Second Calvary” section of Calvary Cemetery in Queens, New York City.
# Quiina guianensis

Quiina guianensis is a species of flowering plant, in the genus Quiina, native to French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, that primarily grows in wet tropical climates. It has also been found in Malaysia, Indonesia, Madagascar, Brunei and Panama.
# Kiranmoy Nanda

Kiranmoy Nanda (born 16 May 1944) is an Indian politician, belonging to the Samajwadi Party. He was the Fisheries Minister in the Left Front cabinet in the state of West Bengal since 1982 till 2011 when he was succeeded by Congress MLA Abu Hena. Nanda was the general secretary of the West Bengal Socialist Party for many years. Nanda served as general secretary of the Samajwadi Party between 1996 and 2000 as the WBSP had merged with SP. In 2000, after the Kolkata Municipal Corporation election, Nanda broke with SP and reconstituted the WBSP. In April 2010 he again became general secretary of SP, as WBSP again merged with SP. Nanda replaced Amar Singh.
Nanda is the son of Jyotirmoy Nanda, a prominent academic and social worker in Mugberia in East Midnapore district. Kiranmoy Nanda began his political activism in the All India Students Federation (the student wing of the Communist Party of India). Nanda was elected to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly as a Janata Party candidate from the Mugberia assembly constituency in 1977. He joined the WBSP when it was constituted in 1981. He won the Mugberia seat again in 1982, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006. His share of votes has ranged from 58.42% (1987) and 46.94% (1977). He faced a tough challenge as he contested the 2011 Assembly polls from a Congress stronghold - North Dinajpur's Raiganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency). His string of electoral victories since 1982 tore as he faced a humiliating defeat to the Congress candidate Mohit Sengupta, an aide of Raiganj Congress MP Deepa Dasmunshi.
Nanda came under criticism from other Left Front partners after he had called for early assembly elections following a parliamentary by-poll election in 2009.
Nanda opposes the 'Operation Green Hunt', the paramilitary operation of the Indian government against Maoist guerrillas.
Kiranmoy Nanda's brother Brahmamoy Nanda was a MLA from Narghat for 20 Years (1991-2011), elected as a WBSP candidate, but he also lost the 2011 West Bengal Assembly election from the Nandakumar (Vidhan Sabha constituency).
# Schudel No. 2 Site

The Schudel No. 2 Site is a pre-Columbian archaeological site located southeast of Hamburg in Calhoun County, Illinois. The site mainly contains the remains of a Middle Woodland period habitation site, though some artifacts date from other periods. Materials recovered from the site include midden deposits, ceramics, chert fragments, and discarded tools. The site is also distinguished by its unusually dark soil, particularly in the areas at which artifacts have been found.
The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 15, 1979
# Scipione Lancelotti

Scipione Lancelotti (1527–1598) was an Italian who became a cardinal within the Roman Catholic Church.

## Biography
### Background

Scipione Lancelotti was born in Rome in 1527, the son of Orazio Lancellotti (personal physician of Pope Julius II and an abbreviator) and his wife Antonina Aragonia. His brother Lancellotto Lancellotti became Archbishop of Rossano. He was the uncle of Cardinal Orazio Lancellotti.
He was educated at the University of Bologna, becoming a doctor of both laws. He became a consistorial lawyer during the pontificate of Pope Paul III.

### Early career as a papal diplomat

Pope Paul IV sent him on missions to Romagna and the Republic of Venice.
Pope Pius IV later sent him on a mission to the Duchy of Milan for the council held there by Cardinal Charles Borromeo, and later to the Council of Trent. There in 1563, the papal legates deputized him to Philip II of Spain to try to induce him to attend the Council along with Maximilian, King of the Romans and Albert V, Duke of Bavaria. He then returned to Rome where the pope made him an auditor of the Roman Rota in 1565. The pope then sent him back to Trento on a mission to Cardinal Cristoforo Madruzzo, Prince-Bishop of Trent, and to attempt to resolve a dispute between the cardinal and Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, which he did successfully. He was then a member of the delegation headed by Cardinal Gianfrancesco Commendone to the Imperial election of 1575.
Pope Gregory XIII then appointed him to accompany Cardinal Flavio Orsini, legate a latere before Charles IX of France. He then returned to Rome and quickly despatched to the Kingdom of Naples and Romagna on business of the Roman Rota.

### Cardinalate

Pope Gregory XIII made him a cardinal priest in the consistory of 12 December 1583. He received the red hat and the titular church of San Simeone Profeta on 9 January 1584. He participated in the papal conclave of 1585 that elected Pope Sixtus V. In 1585, the pope made him Secretary of Apostolic Briefs. The pope then despatched him to solve a dispute between Bologna and Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara. On 20 April 1587 he opted for the titular church of San Salvatore in Lauro. He participated in the first papal conclave of 1590 that elected Pope Urban VII; in the second papal conclave of 1590 that elected Pope Gregory XIV; in the papal conclave of 1591 that elected Pope Innocent IX; and in the papal conclave of 1592 that elected Pope Clement VIII.
He died in Rome on 2 June 1598. He is buried in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran.
# IATC

IATC may refer to:
* Intermittent automatic train running control, the German Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung
* International Association of Theatre Critics
* International Aviation Training Centre
* Issaquah Alps Trails Club
# Thuridilla moebii

Thuridilla moebii is a species of sacoglossan sea slug, a shell-less marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusc in the family Plakobranchidae. It is found in shallow water in the tropical west and central Indo-Pacific region.

## Description

Thuridilla moebii is a small, slender slug, growing to a maximum length of about 2 cm (0.8 in). On either side of the body there are parapodia which fold up and over the back, joining at the top, and forming a sheath from which the head projects at the front. The basic colour is translucent white, often tinted with bluish-green, or even pale blue. Along the upper surface is a bold longitudinal, zigzag band of contrasting colour, usually deep orange above and blackish below (but sometimes all black), uniformly speckled with white dots. The head is white and bears a pair of large, rolled rhinophores, which extend forward, the tips of which match the colouring of the band on the body. The front edge of the foot has a similar colouring.

## Distribution and habitat

Thuridilla moebii is found in shallow water in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific region, its range extending from South Africa to Western Australia, including Mayotte, the Comoro Islands, Réunion and Mauritius. Its habitat includes sandy areas where detritus accumulates, and rocky reefs with scanty coral cover and suitable algal growth.

## Ecology

Members of the Thuridilla genus are vegetarians, feeding on algae. Thuridilla moebii has a saw-edged radula which it uses to grate or puncture the cell walls of the algae on which it feeds. The individual sea slug examined when the species was redescribed in 1995 had 23 triangular teeth in a single row on the radula. The teeth are constantly being replaced as they wear down, the discarded teeth falling into a special sac in the mouth where they are retained. The precise diet for this species is not known, but in Réunion it is reported to often be seen on a green alga, the spherical turtle shell (Bornetella sphaerica).
Thuridilla moebii is a simultaneous hermaphrodite; the penis is located on the head just behind the right rhinophore. When breeding, two individuals entwine in such a way as to bring the right sides of their heads together, and sperm is passed between the pair. Later, each individual lays an orange egg ribbon in the form of a wide spiral, sticking the gelatinous thread to the substrate.