OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pterostylis arbuscula

Pterostylis arbuscula, commonly known as dark banded greenhood, or mallee banded greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to the south of continental Australia. It has a rosette of leaves borne above the ground and up to 3 dark reddish brown to blackish brown to green flowers with white bands, and is found in Western Australia and South Australia.

## Description

Pterostylis arbuscula is a terrestrial, perennial, herb that typically grows to a height of 50–100 mm (2.0–3.9 in) tall and has a rosette of egg-shaped leaves 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in) long and 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) wide on a petiole up to 6 mm (0.24 in) long, and borne above ground level. There are 5 to 8 dark green leaves on the stem that are elliptic to egg-shaped, 1.3–2.5 mm (0.051–0.098 in) long 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) wide. Up to 3 more or less "nodding", dark reddish-brown to green, white banded flowers 13–16 mm (0.51–0.63 in) long and 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) wide are borne on a pedicel and 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long. The dorsal sepal is 13–16 mm (0.51–0.63 in) long, the lateral sepals are 10–14 mm (0.39–0.55 in) long and 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) wide. The petals are 9–12 mm (0.35–0.47 in) long and about 4 mm (0.16 in) wide and translucent with reddish-brown lines. The labellum is egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 5.0–5.5 mm (0.20–0.22 in) long and 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.118 in) wide. Flowering occurs from June to late August.

## Taxonomy and naming

This greenhood was first formally described in 2017 by David Jones and Christopher French who gave it the name Urochilus arbusculus from a specimen collected by French on the Hyden-Lake King road in 2017. In 2018, Jones and French transferred the species to Pterostylis as P. arbuscula. The specific epithet (arbuscula) means "sapling" or "small tree", referring to this orchid growing in mallee communities.

## Distribution and habitat

The dark banded greenhood grows in mallee shrubland and woodland in Western Australia and South Australia. (In Victoria it is included in the circumscription of P. sanguinea.) In South Australia it is mainly found away from the coast in drier areas, and in Western Australia it is mainly found in inland areas between Ravensthorpe, Brookton, Merredin and Toolinna Cove in the south-west of the state.

## Conservation

Pterostylis arbuscula is listed as "not threatened" in Western Australia by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Pterostylis atrans

Pterostylis atrans, commonly known as the dark-tip greenhood or blunt-tongue greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to south-eastern Australia. As with similar greenhoods, plants in flower differ from those that are not flowering. The non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves flat on the ground, but the plants in flower have a single flower with leaves on the flowering stem. In this species, the flower is green and reddish brown with a protruding sinus and small club-like tips on the ends of the lateral sepals.

## Description

Pterostylis atrans is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and when not flowering, a rosette of ovate leaves, each leaf 10–35 mm long and 10–30 mm wide. Flowering plants have a single flower 14–20 mm long and 10–12 mm wide borne on a stem 150–300 mm high with between three and five spreading stem leaves. The flowers are green with a reddish-brown, down curved tip. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column and the dorsal sepal has a thread-like tip 6–9 mm long. The lateral sepals are held closely against the galea, have erect, thread-like tips 15–20 mm long with small club-like tips and a protruding, platform-like sinus between their bases. The labellum is 9–11 mm long, about 3 mm wide, green with a blunt brown tip that is just visible above the sinus. Flowering occurs from November to April.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis atrans was first formally described in 1994 by David Jones from a specimen collected in the Brindabella Range. The description was published in Muelleria. The specific epithet is "from the Latin word atrans, darkening, in reference to the dark red-brown colouration towards the apex of the galea".

## Distribution and habitat

The dark-tip greenhood mostly grows among grasses in high rainfall forests in Victoria, Tasmania and southern New South Wales.
# Pterostylis arenicola

Pterostylis arenicola, commonly known as the sandhill rustyhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It has a rosette of leaves near its base and up to ten reddish-brown and white flowers with a dark brown, insect-like labellum. Its distribution is now restricted to areas around Lake Alexandrina.

## Description

Pterostylis arenicola is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and which only occurs as solitary plants. It has a rosette of between eight and twelve leaves at the base of the flowering spike. The leaves are 15–30 mm (0.6–1 in) long and 6–12 mm (0.2–0.5 in) wide and wither as the flowers develop. Up to ten dark brown and translucent white flowers 30–35 mm (1.2–1.4 in) long and 10–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) wide are borne on a flowering spike which elongates to 100–250 mm (4–10 in) tall as the flowers develop. The dorsal sepal and petals form a hood called the "galea" over the column with the dorsal sepal having a narrow tip 9–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long. The lateral sepals are much wider than the galea, have densely hairy edges and taper suddenly to narrow, thread-like tips 10–20 mm (0.4–0.8 in) long which spread apart from each other. The labellum is dark brown, fleshy and insect-like, 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide. The centre of the labellum has a channel and the edges have bristly hairs up to 3 mm (0.1 in). Flowering occurs from August to October.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis arenicola was first formally described in 1989 by Mark Clements and Joyce Stewart from a specimen collected south of Tailem Bend and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research. The specific epithet (arenicola) is derived from the Latin words arena meaning "sand"$^{:678}$ and -cola meaning "dweller".$^{:217}$

## Distribution and habitat

The sandhill rustyhood is only known from populations at Grange and West Lakes in the Adelaide metropolitan area, “between Tailem Bend and Wellington” and an area “south-east of Langhorne Creek and near the lower Murray and Murray Lakes.” It is locally common in sandy soil on coloured sand dunes in mallee and Callitris woodland with an understorey of shrub, heath, sedge and grass.
There are records from Victoria but they may not be of this species.

## Ecology

Success has been achieved in germinating seeds of P. arenicola in vitro by inoculating them with a mychorrizal fungus.

## Conservation

Pterostylis arenicola is listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. The main threats to the species are weed invasion, grazing and soil disturbance and inappropriate fire regimes.
# Punama

Punama is a former village development committee in Jajarkot District in the Karnali Province of Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5096 living in 890 individual households.
# Pterostylis hamiltonii

Pterostylis hamiltonii, commonly known as the red-veined shell orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. As with similar orchids, the flowering plants differ from those which are not flowering. The non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves but the flowering plants lack a rosette and have a single flower with leaves on the flowering spike. This greenhood has a green and white, striped flower with reddish-brown markings and forms colonies, sometimes of thousands of plants.

## Description

Pterostylis hamiltonii is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and when not flowering, a rosette of bluish-green leaves, each leaf 5–14 mm long and 5–12 mm wide. Flowering plants usually have a single flower 25–30 mm long and 12–15 mm wide borne on a spike 50–150 mm high with four to six stem leaves 20–40 mm long and 2–8 mm wide. The flowers are white with green or reddish-brown stripes and markings. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal curves forward with a thread-like tip 1–3 mm long. The lateral sepals are erect and held closely against the galea. They have thread-like ends 20-25 long and between their bases there is a broad, flat sinus with a central notch. The labellum is 15–20 mm long, about 3 mm wide, dark red and curved and protrudes above the sinus. Flowering occurs from late May to early August.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis hamiltonii was first formally described in 1810 by William Henry Nicholls and the description was published in The Victorian Naturalist from a specimen collected near Boyup Brook. The specific epithet (hamiltonii) honours Alex. G. Hamilton, (1852-1941) "a veteran in the field of botanical research".

## Distribution and habitat

The red-veined shell orchid is found between Toodyay and the Stirling Range where it usually grows in thickets of Allocasuarina huegeliana on or near granite outcrops in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions.

## Conservation

Pterostylis grandiflora is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Pultenaea daena

Pultenaea daena is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to an area near Ravensthorpe in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a dense, prostrate, domed shrub with flat, hairy leaves and yellow flowers.

## Description

Pultenaea daena is a dense, prostrate, domed shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 7 cm (2.8 in) high and has glabrous stems. The leaves are hairy, 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long and 1.0–1.7 mm (0.039–0.067 in) wide with stipules 1.2 mm (0.047 in) long at the base. The flowers are arranged singly in leaf axils on a hairy pedicel about 3 mm (0.12 in) long, the sepals 4.2–4.5 mm (0.17–0.18 in) with hairy bracteoles 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.118 in) long at the base of the sepals. The standard petal is yellow, 6–6.5 mm (0.24–0.26 in) long, the wings are 5–7.5 mm (0.20–0.30 in) long and the keel 5.5–7 mm (0.22–0.28 in) long. Flowering occurs in March and the fruit is a pod.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pultenaea daena was first formally described in 2005 by L.A. Orthia and Jennifer Anne Chappill in Australian Systematic Botany from specimens collected west of Ravensthorpe in 1997. The specific epithet (daena) is the name of the Zoroastrian goddess Daena, owing to the colour of the flowers and its half-buried habit.

## Distribution

This pultenaea grows on plains, near salt lakes and in disturbed areas near Ravensthorpe in the Coolgardie and Mallee biogeographic regions of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Pultenaea daena is classified as "Priority Three" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife, meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.
# Pultenaea canaliculata

Pultenaea canaliculata, commonly known as coast bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to coastal areas of southern continental Australia. It is a rigid, spreading shrub with hairy, cylindrical leaves, and yellow and crimson flowers.

## Description

Pultenaea canaliculata is a rigid, spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) with silky-hairy stems. The leaves are needle-shaped, 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) long and 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) wide and densely hairy with stipules 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long at the base. The flowers are borne in clusters near the ends of branchlets surrounded by and often partially hidden by the leaves. There are lance-shaped to awl-shaped bracteoles about 6 mm (0.24 in) long at the base of the sepals. The sepals are about 6 mm (0.24 in) long and densely covered with golden hairs. The standard petal is yellow, 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) long, the wings yellow and the keel is crimson, about the same length as the wings. Flowering occurs from September to November and the fruit is an oval pod surrounded by the remains of the sepals.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pultenaea canaliculata was first formally described in 1855 by Ferdinand von Mueller in his book Definitions of rare or hitherto undescribed Australian plants from specimens collected "at Encounter Bay". The specific epithet (canaliculata) means "channelled".

## Distribution and habitat

Coast bush-pea grows on coastal dunes and limestone cliffs from Wilson's Promontory in Victoria, east to the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia, including on Kangaroo Island.
# Puncak Perdana

Puncak Perdana is a main township in the northern part of Shah Alam municipal area in Selangor, Malaysia. The township was built on a 240-hectare site at Bukit Cerakah. It is located halfway between Meru and the Subang Airport, and is also adjacent to Setia Alam.
The original developer of the township was Central Challenger (M) Sdn Bhd, owned by Puncak Niaga and was its only project at launch in October 1996. It was built as a three-phase project and with the construction for the first phase began in November 1996. It was expected to become a "multimedia city" similar to Putrajaya.

## Facilities

The UiTM Puncak Perdana campus is located here.

## Transportation

The area is accessible by Rapid KL bus route 754 from UiTM Puncak Perdana to Seksyen 13 Shah Alam via TTDI Jaya.
# Puncak Jalil

Puncak Jalil (formerly known as Bandar Seri Bukit Jalil) is an 801 acres (3.2 km$^2$) township in Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia. It is situated near the Technology Park Malaysia along the Puchong-Sungai Besi Highway Federal Route 217 and south of the National Sports Complex.
The Maju Expressway runs through the eastern boundary of the project.
Adjacent townships include Kinrara to the northwest, Lestari Perdana to the southeast and Taman Equine to the south.
The development, which is undertaken by Maxisegar Sdn Bhd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Talam, is an integrated and self-contained township comprising 11,651 units of residential and commercial properties.
The Gross Development Value of Puncak Jalil is estimated to be about RM2.5 billion with an expected development period of eight years.
The project was first launched in June 2001.
In 2006, IJM Berhad has agreed to step in to assist the ailing Talam Berhad to revive this project. Beautiful landscaping works are currently in progress and this town would have potential growths as it is situated right between Malaysia's new administrative capital city, Putrajaya, with the old administrative capital city, Kuala Lumpur.
The project has wielded various controversies, notably the environmental damage done to the area (including the destruction of a lake with a natural island), the coercive relocation of native Orang Asli settlements and the general failure of the entire project (less than half of the completed housing areas are occupied).
The SMK Bandar Puncak Jalil school was opened in 2016.
# Puščava, Mokronog-Trebelno

Puščava (pronounced) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Mokronog-Trebelno in southeastern Slovenia. It lies on the left bank of the Mirna River northwest of Mokronog. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
# Pyeong

A pyeong (abbreviation py) is a Korean unit of area and floorspace, equal to a square kan or 36 square Korean feet. The ping and tsubo are its equivalent Taiwanese and Japanese units, similarly based on a square bu (ja:步) or ken, equivalent to 36 square Chinese or Japanese feet.

## Current use
### Korea

In Korea, the period of Japanese occupation produced a pyeong of ⁠400/121⁠ or 3.3058 m$^2$. It is the standard traditional measure for real estate floorspace, with an average house reckoned as about 25 pyeong, a studio apartment as 8–12 py, and a garret as 1½ py. In South Korea, the unit has been officially banned since 1961 but with little effect prior to the criminalization of its commercial use effective 1 July 2007. Informal use continues, however, including in the form of real estate use of unusual fractions of meters equivalent to unit amounts of pyeong. Real estate listings on major websites such as Daum show measurements in square meters with the pyeong equivalent.

### Taiwan

In Taiwan, the Taiwanese ping was introduced in the period of Taiwan under Japanese rule, which remains in fairly common use and is about 3.305 m$^2$.

### Japan

In Japan, the usual measure of real estate floorspace is the tatami and the tsubo is reckoned as two tatami. The tatami varies by region but the modern standard is usually taken to be the Nagoya tatami of about 1.653 m$^2$, producing a tsubo of 3.306 m$^2$. It is sometimes reckoned as comprising 10 gō.

### China

In China, the metrication of traditional units would produce a ping of 4 m$^2$, but it is almost unknown, with most real estate floorspace simply reckoned in square meters. The longer length of the Hong Kong foot produces a larger ping of almost 5 m$^2$, but it is similarly uncommon.
# Puusepp

Puusepp is an Estonian surname meaning 'carpenter' (literally, 'wood-smith') and may refer to the following individuals:
* Edgar Puusepp (1911–1982), Estonian wrestler
* Endel Puusepp (1909–1996), Estonian Soviet-era World War II pilot
* Ludvig Puusepp (1875–1942), Estonian surgeon, researcher and the world's first professor of neurosurgery
* Markus Puusepp (born 1986), Estonian orienteering competitor
* Priidu Puusepp (1887–1972), Estonian educator and linguist
* Raivo Puusepp (born 1960), Estonian architect
# Pyotr Fedotov

Pyotr Vasilyevich Fedotov (Russian: Пётр Васильевич Федотов; 18 December 1900 – 29 September 1963) was long time Soviet security and intelligence officer, head of counterintelligence in NKVD/NKGB and head of foreign intelligence as the deputy chairman of the Committee of Information.
Fedotov was born in Saint Petersburg, into a family of conductors. From 1915 to 1919, he worked for the local newspaper. After the outbreak of the Russian Civil War, he served in the Red Army.
In 1921, Fedotov joined the new Soviet security organization, the Cheka. He first served in the local Cheka/GPU/OGPU offices. In 1937, he was moved to the NKVD Moscow Headquarters, known as Lubyanka, and was put in charge of one of the Secret Political Department Sections in the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD. He rose to the top of the NKVD during the Great Purge and is known to have taken part in brutal interrogations and forgeries involving Stalin's purported enemies. Between 1939 and 1941, he was the head of the GUGB 2nd Department (SPO). In 1940, he took part in the killing of Polish prisoners of war – the Katyn massacre. In 1941, after the creation of the People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB), he became the head of the 2nd Directorate, responsible for counterintelligence. He personally signed a document of an interrogation on October 20, 1942 sending/placing in a gulag for 5 years a famous polish actor Eugene Bodo (Eugeniusz Junod) who died in Kotlas in 1943, due to poor conditions therein (Russian red cross document from 1992). Then in 1946, after the People's Commissariat for State Security was renamed the Ministry for State Security (Ministerstvo Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti) or MGB, Fedotov became the head of its 1st Directorate, responsible for foreign intelligence. When the Committee of Information was established in 1947, he was put in charge of foreign intelligence as the deputy chairman under Vyacheslav Molotov and then under Andrey Vyshinsky. In March 1953, he was moved to the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) and took over its 1st Chief Directorate (counterintelligence). He took over the same position in the newly created KGB, but as the head of the 2nd Chief Directorate (counterintelligence), of which he was in charge until 1956. In May 1956, he started working at the KGB school as deputy head of one of the departments.
Fedotov was retired from the KGB in 1959. He died in 1963 at the age of 63.
# Pyramid Glacier

The Pyramid Glacier is actually a scattering of glaciers and snowfields located on the south-southwestern flank of Mount Rainier in Washington. It covers 0.2 square miles (0.5 km$^2$) and contains 400 million ft$^3$ (11 million m$^3$) of ice. The glaciers lie at an elevation ranging from about 7,000 feet (2,100 m) to 9,000 ft (2,700 m). The Success Divide separates this glacier from the South Tahoma Glacier to the west. Both the Success Glacier and lower end of the Kautz Glacier border this glacier on the eastern side. Meltwater from the glacier drains into the Nisqually River.
In a June 2023 report from the National Park Service, the glacier had lost 34% of its volume between 2015 and 2021. Based on 2022 satellite imagery, glaciologist Mauri Pelto declared Pyramid Glacier dead.
# Putrajaya ePrix

The Putrajaya ePrix was an automobile race of the Formula E championship in Putrajaya, Malaysia, taking place in November. It was first raced in the 2014–15 season.

## Circuit

The ePrix was held on the Putrajaya Street Circuit. The track was specifically designed and built for Formula E. It was 2.560 km (1.591 mi) in length and featured 12 turns.

## Results

| Edition | Track | Winner | Second | Third | Pole position | Fastest lap | Ref |
| 2014 | Putrajaya Street Circuit | Sam Bird Virgin Racing | Lucas di Grassi Audi Sport ABT | Sébastien Buemi e.dams Renault | Nicolas Prost e.dams Renault | Jaime Alguersuari Virgin Racing | |
| 2015 | Putrajaya Street Circuit | Lucas di Grassi ABT Schaeffler Audi Sport | Sam Bird DS Virgin Racing | Robin Frijns Amlin Andretti | Sébastien Buemi Renault e.Dams | Sébastien Buemi Renault e.Dams | |
# Putrajaya Street Circuit

Putrajaya Street Circuit was a street circuit which was first used on 22 November 2014 during the second ePrix of Formula E. The start-and-finish straight ran on one of the major highways – Persiaran Perdana, or Putrajaya Boulevard – and just north of the circuit is the Perdana Putra housing the Prime Minister's Office. The track was 2.560 km (1.591 mi) in length and featured 12 turns. It was designed by British architect Simon Gibbons, who brought experience of nine years with FOM as circuit planning manager and more recently played a significant role in the rowing and canoeing venue for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

## Driver comments

Daniel Abt, Audi Sport ABT: "The track layout looks very interesting and has a lot of different corners. You have a chicane at Turn 1 after the main straight which gives a good first opportunity for overtaking and slipstream battles. Then you have a mix of slow and medium speed corners which is good for keeping the field very tight and will ensure close racing. I think the next very good overtaking spot will be T6 which is in front of the Fan Zone and should give the spectators a great view of the action. T9 meanwhile reminds me of the very tight hairpin at Macau. All in all the layout looks really promising and will for sure provide great racing."
Sam Bird, Virgin Racing: "The track is quite a bit shorter than Beijing. I think it’ll be higher in terms of energy output for the distance than we saw in Beijing. It’s a little bit more high speed and there’s some long straights. (...) Looking for overtaking zones, you have to say Turn 3, possibly T4, possibly T7 and T12 and maybe T10 down the inside will be the main overtaking zones. I can’t really see anyone making a lunge into 1 – it’s not enough of a brake really."
# QF 12 pounder 12 cwt gun

QF 12 pounder 12 cwt gun may refer to:
* QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun
* QF 12 pounder 12 cwt AA gun
# Pyrausta vanalis

Pyrausta vanalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Cajetan Felder, Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Colombia.