OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Marshall (Scottish sculptor)

John Marshall (1888–1952) was a Scottish sculptor active in the early 20th century. He is noted for doing much of his architectural work in-situ, on the face of the buildings.

## Life

He was born in Edinburgh in 1888. He is thought to be descended from John Marshall, marble cutter on Leith Walk who had been a teacher to Thomas Campbell. He trained formally at Edinburgh College of Art.
He worked in partnership with architects such as Sir Robert Lorimer and Sir John James Burnet and executed works designed by fellow sculptors such as Phyllis Bone, Benno Schotz, Pilkington Jackson, Alexander Carrick and Hew Lorimer.
He exhibited in the Royal Scottish Academy 1935 to 1940.
He is known to have sculpted the gravestone for William Marshall, his own son, in Drum Brae Cemetery in 1949.

## Notable works

see
* Carvings on the Scotsman newspaper offices, North Bridge, Edinburgh (1899–1902) now the Scotsman Hotel
* Carvings at Lennoxlove House (1908–1912)
* Carvings in the Thistle Chapel, St Giles' Cathedral (1909–1911)
* Chimneypiece, Dunrobin Castle (1915)
* Inverness War Memorial (1920)
* Memorial to Lt Archibald Gifford-Moir, St Mungo's Church, Alloa (c. 1920) (designed by Sir Robert Lorimer)
* Heraldic sculpture, Scottish National War Memorial (1924–1927) with Pilkington Jackson
* Architectural carving, St Patrick's RC Church, Cowgate, Edinburgh (1928–1929)
* Sculpture on Sheffield Central Library (1929–1934)
* Heraldic sculpture, St Andrew's House, Edinburgh (1936–1939)
* Replacement carvings Manchester Cathedral (1945–1950) following damage in the Manchester Blitz
* Gatepiers at Pollok House (1950) to a design by Hew Lorimer
* Leeds Municipal Buildings (date unknown)
# John Joyce (cricketer)

John Hall Joyce (5 December 1868 – 17 April 1938) was an English cricketer. He was born in Blackfordby, Leicestershire, and was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast-medium bowler.
Joyce made a single first-class appearance for Leicestershire against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1894. In that match, the Marylebone Cricket Club scored 124 in their first innings, during which Joyce bowled 6 wicketless overs and took 2 catches. Leicestershire responded with 286 in their first innings, and Joyce contributed 18 runs before being dismissed by Jack Mee. In the Marylebone Cricket Club's second innings of 254, he took the wickets of Frederic Geeson and Francis Ramsay, ending with figures of 2/33 from 8 overs. Leicestershire successfully chased down their target of 93 with 8 wickets remaining, which meant Joyce didn't have to bat again. This marked his sole major appearance for Leicestershire.
He died at Vence in France on 17 April 1938. His brothers, Francis and Ralph, both played first-class cricket.
# Kaltim Airlines

Kaltim Airlines was an airline in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia with its head office located at Samarinda International Airport. The airline's operations included scheduled passenger and cargo services to four destinations, with a fleet of regional aircraft, consisting of British Aerospace 146 and Cessna C208 aircraft. The airline was founded on 17 August 2011 by Awang F. Ishak and Sabri Ramdhani. The airline ceased all operations in 2013.

## Destinations

* Hub
* Future
* Cargo only
* Passenger + Cargo
* Terminated destinations
| City | Country | IATA | ICAO | Airport |
| Balikpapan | Indonesia | BPN | WALL | Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport |
| Berau | Indonesia | BEJ | WALK | Kalimarau Airport |
| Jakarta | Indonesia | CGK | WIII | Soekarno–Hatta International Airport |
| Samarinda | | SRI | WALS | Samarinda Airport |
# Scott Cross

Scott Cross may refer to:
* Scott Cross (film director), American producer, actor, writer, and entrepreneur
* Scott Cross (footballer) (born 1987), English footballer
* Scott Cross (basketball) (born 1974), American college basketball coach
# Rancennes

Rancennes (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.
The Pointe de Givet National Nature Reserve is partly located on the commune.
# Paul Grümmer

Paul Grümmer (26 February 1879 – 30 October 1965) was a German-born cellist and teacher.
Grümmer was born in Gera in Thuringia. He studied at the Leipzig Conservatory with Julius Klengel.
He was well known as a member of the Busch Quartet, founded by Adolf Busch. He taught at the Vienna Conservatory, and his students include German-born conductor and cellist Nikolaus Harnoncourt and child prodigy Elsa Hilger.
Among his pedagogical works:
"Die Grundlage der Klassischen und Virtuosen Technik auf dem Violoncello" oder "Les Bases de la technique et de la virtuosité de violoncelle" ("The basis of the classical and virtuoso technique of cello playing"), Universal Edition, Vienna, 1942.
Harmonische neue tägliche Übungen : für Violoncello ("New harmonious daily exercises: for cello"), Bote & Bock, Berlin, 1954.
# Stage

Stage, stages, or staging may refer to:

## Arts and media
### Acting

* Stage (theatre), a space for the performance of theatrical productions
* Theatre, a branch of the performing arts, often referred to as "the stage"
* The Stage, a weekly British theatre newspaper
* Stages Repertory Theatre, a theatre company in Houston, Texas

### Music
#### Performers

* Stage, an American band featuring Ryan Star

#### Albums

* Stage (David Bowie album), 1978
* Stage (Great White album), 1995
* Stage (Keller Williams album), 2004
* Stage, by Mónica Naranjo, 2009
* The Stage (album), by Avenged Sevenfold, or the title song (see below), 2016
* Stages (Cassadee Pope album), 2019
* Stages (Elaine Paige album), 1983
* Stages (Eric Clapton album), 1993
* Stages (Jimi Hendrix album), 1991
* Stages (Josh Groban album), 2015
* Stages (Melanie C album), 2012
* Stages (Triumph album), 1985
* Stages (Vedera album), 2009
* Stages: The Lost Album, by Eric Andersen, 1991
* Stages: Performances 1970–2002, by Neil Diamond, 2003
* Stages, by David Benoit, 1982
* Stages, by the Electric Soft Parade, 2020
* Stages, by Ella Koon, 2008
* Stages, by Jill Vidal, 2022

#### Songs

* "Stage", by Live from Throwing Copper, 1994
* "The Stage" (song), by Avenged Sevenfold, 2016
* "Stages" (song), by ZZ Top, 1986
* "Stages", by Reks from Grey Hairs, 2008

### Other uses in arts and media

* Stage (film), a 1951 Bollywood film
* Stage, a 2002 book and DVD documenting Britney Spears' Dream Within a Dream Tour
* Stage (Iranian TV series), a reality music competition
* Level (video gaming)
* Stages on Life's Way, an 1845 philosophical work by the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard

## People with the surname

* Ruth Stage, British artist
* Wm. Stage (born 1951), American journalist, writer and photographer

## Science and technology

* Stage (hydrology)
* Stage (stratigraphy), a set of rock strata with the same age
* Staging (pathology) or cancer staging
* Stage, auxiliary breathing gas cylinder used in scuba diving
* Stage (stream gauge), a measurement of water level in a river, stream, pond, lake, or estuary
* The platform and that supports a slide in an optical microscope
* Linear stage, a component of precise motion system
* Calligra Stage, slide show presentation software
* One of the three stages or regions in the sociological theory of dramaturgy

## Transport

* Stagecoach
* Stage, a type of limousine

## Other uses

* Special stage (rallying), in rally racing
* The Stage (Antarctica), a moraine in Antarctica
* The Stage, Shoreditch, a mixed-use development
* Stage (bicycle race), a leg in a bicycle race
* Stage (cooking), a period of work experience in a kitchen
* Stage Stores Inc., an American department store company
* Stage, or apprenticeship
** Stage, the training programme of the European Commission in Brussels and Luxembourg
* S.T.A.G.E., the Scientists, Technologists and Artists Generating Exploration program at the University of California, Santa Barbara
# Lambda Leonis

Lambda Leonis (λ Leonis, abbreviated Lam Leo, λ Leo), formally named Alterf /ælˈtərf/, is a star in the constellation of Leo. The star is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 4.32 Based upon an annual parallax shift of 0.00991 arcseconds, it is located about 329 light-years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is reduced by an interstellar absorption factor of 0.06 because of extinction.

## Nomenclature

λ Leonis (Latinised to Lambda Leonis) is the star's Bayer designation.
It bore the traditional name Alterf, from the Arabic الطرف aṭ-ṭarf "the view (of the lion)". In 2016, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Alterf for this star on February 1, 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.
This star, along with Xi Cancri, were the Persian Nahn, "the Nose", and the Coptic Piautos, "the Eye", both lunar asterisms.

## Properties

This is a K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K4.5 III. It is a suspected variable star with a reported magnitude range of 4.28−4.34. Lambda Leonis is 29% more massive than the Sun and is 3.6 billion years old. The interferometry-measured angular diameter of this star, after correcting for limb darkening, is 4.143±0.025 mas, which, at its estimated distance, equates to a physical radius of nearly 45 times the radius of the Sun. It shines with around 540 times the luminosity of the Sun, from an outer atmosphere that has an effective temperature of 4,150 K.
# Wardell Buffalo Trap

The Wardell Buffalo Trap in Sublette County, Wyoming is a small box canyon used by Native Americans for 500 years during the Late Prehistoric Period. Nearly 55 feet (17 m) of bison bones were found at the site. A campsite and butchering area is located nearby, and evidence has been found for a fence at the entrance to the canyon.
Bison were herded into the confined space of the canyon's confined space and killed, the earliest known example of such a place where bison were killed with bow and arrow. The site was first excavated in 1970-71 by Wyoming State Archeologist George Carr Frison, producing about three tons of bison bones mixed with projectile points and fragments of pottery. More excavation was undertaken in 2005 after evidence emerged of artifact poaching. The 2005 expedition produced an estimated ton of bison bones from an area measuring 18 square metres (190 sq ft) by 2 metres (6.6 ft) in depth. Studies suggest that the hunters were Athabascans from Canada. Following excavation the site was stabilized and placed under surveillance.
# Merck headquarters

Merck headquarters may refer to
* The headquarters of Merck Group in Darmstadt, Germany
* The headquarters of Merck & Co. in Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States
* Merck Headquarters Building, the former headquarters of Merck & Co. in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, United States
# Wanli River

The Wanli River (Chinese: 萬里溪; pinyin: Wànlǐ Xī) is a tributary of the Hualien River in Taiwan. It flows through Hualien County for 53 km before joining the Hualien River in Fenglin, Hualien.
# Mescal Mountains

The Mescal Mountains (in Western Apache language: Nadah Choh Dasán – "Big Mescal Sitting There") are a series of connected mountain ridges in southern Gila County, Arizona. Their highest point is El Capitan Mountain, which has an elevation of 6,568 ft ( 2,002 m) and a prominence of 1,828 ft ( 557 m ). The highest point has a topographic isolation of 5.98 miles (10 km), with the nearest point of equal or greater elevation being to the north west in the Pinal Mountains (in Apache: ). The mountain ridges are visible in the east from Arizona State Route 77 between Globe and Winkelman.The range is approximately 10 miles west of San Carlos Lake, which lies in the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation; the ridges themselves also mostly fall within the boundary of the reservation, with the exception of the western section and the high point. As such, hiking the ridge may require special permission from San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, although no trails exist on the mountains themselves or leading to them. The ridge's relative proximity to the more visually dominant Pinal Mountains, (which are also visible from the same section of the AZ 77 highway) make it an often-overlooked feature. The range is one of many to occur in the Arizona transition zone.

## Location

The ranges' high point of El Capitan Mountain is located at the coordinates 33.2001°N, 110.7562°W. The mountains are located in southern Gila County, Arizona, on the southwestern boundary of the San Carlos Indian Reservation, and the nearest towns are Christmas and Winkelman to the south.
# Lamin B1

Lamin-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMNB1 gene.
The nuclear lamina consists of a two-dimensional matrix of proteins located next to the inner nuclear membrane. The lamin family of proteins make up the matrix and are highly conserved in evolution. During mitosis, the lamina matrix is reversibly disassembled as the lamin proteins are phosphorylated. Lamin proteins are thought to be involved in nuclear stability, chromatin structure, and gene expression. Vertebrate lamins consist of two types, A and B. This gene encodes one of the two B type proteins, B1. Lamin B, along with heterochromatin, is anchored to the inner surface of the nuclear membrane by the lamin B receptor.

## Interactions

LMNB1 has been shown to interact with Thymopoietin. When double-strand breaks are induced in DNA by ionizing radiation, lamin B1 promotes repair of the breaks, as well as cell survival, by maintaining the level of the RAD51 protein that is employed in homologous recombinational repair.

## Pathology

Mutations affecting the LMNB1 gene cause autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy.
# Warwick Lightfoot

Warwick Martin Lightfoot (born 1957) is a British Conservative politician, economist, and former political adviser. He has been a councillor in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea since 1986, and has stood for numerous other positions, including Member of Parliament, Member of the European Parliament and Mayor of the London Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.
Lightfoot attended the University of Oxford, where he was active in the Oxford Union, becoming President. After graduating, Lightfoot became an economist. He served as a special adviser to the Secretary of State for Employment, Norman Fowler, and to three Chancellors – Nigel Lawson, John Major, and Norman Lamont – between 1989 and 1992. He then worked for the Royal Bank of Scotland.
Lightfoot was first elected to Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council at the 1986 election. He has been the Cabinet Member for Finance and IT since 2009. He was previously the Cabinet Member for Community Safety (2006–2009) and for Social Services and Health (2001–2003). He ran for Parliament in Liverpool Mossley Hill in 1987 – finishing third – and South East Cornwall in 1997– losing the seat to the Liberal Democrats.
# Warwick M-1 Tiny Champ

The Warwick M-1 Tiny Champ is an American homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Bill Warwick and first flown on 1 May 1960.

## Design and development

The M-1 is a single engine, strut-braced, high wing, open cockpit, conventional landing gear-equipped aircraft. Doors and a rear window can be installed to create an enclosed cabin. The design won outstanding aircraft design at the Experimental Aircraft Association Airshow in 1960.

## Specifications (M-1 Tiny Champ)

Data from Flying Magazine
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Wingspan: 20 ft (6.1 m)
* Powerplant: 1 × Continental A65 horizontally opposed piston aircraft engine, 65 hp (48 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed
Performance
# Merelaniite

Merelaniite is a mineral having the formula Mo$_4$Pb$_4$VSbS$_{15}$. It is a molybdenum-essential member of the cylindrite group. The first and thus far only samples of merelaniite have been found in the Merelani Tanzanite Deposit, located in the Lelatema Mountains of Tanzania.
# Lamoka

Lamoka may refer to:
* Lamoka site, historical landmark in New York state
* Lamoka Lake, formerly Mud Lake, lake in New York state
# Mercey Hot Springs

Mercey Hot Springs (formerly Mercy Hot Springs) is an unincorporated community and historical hot springs resort in the Little Panoche Valley of Fresno County, central California, about 60 miles (97 km) west-southwest of Fresno.

## History

Historically the hot springs were used by Native Americans. Local native peoples introduced the springs to John Merci, a sheep herder and early European settler; he later changed the spelling of his name to Mercy. The springs were discovered by settlers on the Arroyo de Pannochita in 1848. During the California Gold Rush it was known as the Aguaje Panochita. This watering place was used by mesteneros as holding point for their captured mustangs. It was a station on La Vereda del Monte used by the Five Joaquins Gang driving their horses southward to their hideout on the Arroyo de Cantua.$^{:449,453}$ The later resort opened after 1900. In 1912, Mercy sold the property to Frederick Bourn, who was a real estate developer from San Francisco. Bourn built cabins and a hotel at the hot springs. In the mid-1930s the hotel burned in a fire, and a bathhouse and restaurant was built to replace the hotel. Later a campground and swimming pool was added.

## Hot springs water profile

The natural hot mineral water emerges from one of the sources at 119 °F (48 °C), and from an artesian well at 110 °F.

## Facilities

There are cabins at the hot springs available to rent, tent spaces and RV campsites. There is a pool large enough for swimming that is fed from an artesian hot well, and several bathtub soaking pools. A bathing area is located along South Fork Little Panoche Creek and the Little Panoche Road (Fresno County Road J1) located at the western edge of Fresno County. A motel is located about ten driving miles west of Interstate 5. The facility is along the San Andreas Rift Zone.

## Location

Mercey Hot Springs is located in the Little Panoche Valley, the facility includes natural hot springs. Little Panoche Road was formerly part of a stagecoach route.
The ZIP Code of the settlement is 93622, and the community is inside area code 559. It lies at an elevation of 1,161 ft (354 m).
# Mesotrophic grasslands in the British National Vegetation Classification system

The mesotrophic grassland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system were described in Volume 3 of British Plant Communities, first published in 1992, along with the calcicolous grassland communities and the calcifugous grasslands and montane communities.
In total, 13 mesotrophic grassland communities have been identified:
* two communities in which False Oat-grass is the characteristic grass species (one of these, community MG1, is widespread throughout Britain; the other, MG2, is confined to northern England).
* four communities of well-drained permanent pastures and meadows, two of which (MG5 and MG6) are widespread and the other two (MG3 and MG4) more localised
* a single community (MG7) covering a variety of widespread types of Perennial Rye-grass long-term ley
* three widespread communities associated with poorly drained permanent pastures (MG8, MG9, MG10)
* three grass-dominated inundation communities, one of which, MG13, is widespread, the other two, MG11 and MG12, more localised

## List of mesotrophic grassland communities

The following is a list of the communities that make up this category:
* MG1 Arrhenatherum elatius grassland Arrhenatheretum elatioris Br.-Bl. 1919
* MG2 Arrhenatherum elatius - Filipendula ulmaria tall-herb grassland Filipendulo-Arrhenatheretum elatioris Shimwell 1968a
* MG3 Anthoxanthum odoratum - Geranium sylvaticum grassland
* MG4 Alopecurus pratensis - Sanguisorba officinalis grassland
* MG5 Cynosurus cristatus - Centaurea nigra grassland Centaureo-Cynosuretum cristati Br.-Bl. & Tx 1952
* MG6 Lolium perenne - Cynosurus cristatus grassland Lolio-Cynosuretum cristati (Br.-Bl. & De Leeuw 1936) R. Tx 1937
* MG7 Lolium perenne leys and related grasslands Lolio-Plantaginion Sissingh 1969 p.p.
* MG8 Cynosurus cristatus - Caltha palustris grassland
* MG9 Holcus lanatus - Deschampsia cespitosa grassland
* MG10 Holcus lanatus - Juncus effusus rush-pasture Holco-Juncetum effusi Page 1980
* MG11 Festuca rubra - Agrostis stolonifera - Potentilla anserina grassland
* MG12 Festuca arundinacea grassland Potentillo-Festucetum arundinaceae Nordhagen 1940
* MG13 Agrostis stolonifera - Alopecurus geniculatus grassland
# Lanesburgh Township, Le Sueur County, Minnesota

Lanesburgh Township is a township in Le Sueur County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 2,074 at the 2000 census.
Lanesburgh Township was named for Charles L. Lane, a pioneer settler.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.5 square miles (89 km$^2$), of which 32.9 square miles (85 km$^2$) is land and 1.5 square miles (3.9 km$^2$) (4.41%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,074 people, 628 households, and 545 families residing in the township. The population density was 63.0 inhabitants per square mile (24.3/km$^2$). There were 637 housing units at an average density of 19.3 per square mile (7.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.99% White, 0.05% African American, 0.05% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.29% from other races, and 0.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.
There were 628 households, out of which 53.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 81.5% were married couples living together, 3.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.2% were non-families. 9.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.28 and the average family size was 3.52.
In the township the population was spread out, with 35.2% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 34.6% from 25 to 44, 17.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $62,986, and the median income for a family was $65,083. Males had a median income of $39,769 versus $26,555 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,782. About 2.7% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 14.2% of those age 65 or over.