OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jet group

In mathematics, a jet group is a generalization of the general linear group which applies to Taylor polynomials instead of vectors at a point. A jet group is a group of jets that describes how a Taylor polynomial transforms under changes of coordinate systems (or, equivalently, diffeomorphisms).

## Overview

The k-th order jet group G$^n$$_k$ consists of jets of smooth diffeomorphisms φ: R$^n$ → R$^n$ such that φ(0)=0.
The following is a more precise definition of the jet group.
Let k ≥ 2. The differential of a function f: R$^k$ → R can be interpreted as a section of the cotangent bundle of R$^K$ given by df: R$^k$ → T*R$^k$. Similarly, derivatives of order up to m are sections of the jet bundle J$^m$(R$^k$) = R$^k$ × W, where
    $W=\mathbf {R} \times (\mathbf {R} ^{*})^{k}\times S^{2}((\mathbf {R} ^{*})^{k})\times \cdots \times S^{m}((\mathbf {R} ^{*})^{k}).$
Here R* is the dual vector space to R, and S$^i$ denotes the i-th symmetric power. A smooth function f: R$^k$ → R has a prolongation j$^m$f: R$^k$ → J$^m$(R$^k$) defined at each point p ∈ R$^k$ by placing the i-th partials of f at p in the S$^i$((R*)$^k$) component of W.
Consider a point $p=(x,x')\in J^{m}(\mathbf {R} ^{n})$. There is a unique polynomial f$_p$ in k variables and of order m such that p is in the image of j$^m$f$_p$. That is, $j^{k}(f_{p})(x)=x'$. The differential data x′ may be transferred to lie over another point y ∈ R$^n$ as j$^m$f$_p$(y) , the partials of f$_p$ over y.
Provide J$^m$(R$^n$) with a group structure by taking
    $(x,x')*(y,y')=(x+y,j^{m}f_{p}(y)+y')$
With this group structure, J$^m$(R$^n$) is a Carnot group of class m + 1.
Because of the properties of jets under function composition, G$^n$$_k$ is a Lie group. The jet group is a semidirect product of the general linear group and a connected, simply connected nilpotent Lie group. It is also in fact an algebraic group, since the composition involves only polynomial operations.
# Samuel Krauss

Samuel Krauss (Ukk, 18 February 1866 - Cambridge, 4 June 1948) was professor at the Jewish Teachers' Seminary, Budapest, 1894–1906, and at the Jewish Theological Seminary, Vienna, 1906–1938. He moved to England as a refugee and spent his last years at Cambridge.
He was a contributor to the Jewish Encyclopedia as S. Kr.
"Professor Krauss's scholarship encompassed every area of ancient Judaism." In 1910, he became a pioneer in Talmudic archaeology with the publication of Talmudische Archäologie, which was reprinted in Hebrew in 1924. In 1998, his 1922 study of the ancient synagogue, Synagogale Altertümer, was still considered essential reading on the topic.
In 1935 he published a comprehensive and detailed study of Biblical names of ninety eight then modern nations.
# Weld tests for friction welding

Quality requirements of welded joints depend on the form of application, e.g. in the space or fly industry weld errors are not allowed. Science try to gets good quality welds. There are many scientific articles describing the weld test, e.g. hardness, tensile tests. The weld structure can be examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The computer finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the shape of the flash and interface and others, not only for rotary friction welding (RFW), but also for friction stir welding (FSW), linear friction welding (LFW), FRIEX, and others. Temperature measurements are also carried out for scientific purposes e.g. by use thermocouples or sometimes thermography, mentions about measurements are generally found in research materials and journals.
# Silver Glen Springs

Silver Glen Springs is a first-magnitude spring and the main attraction of the Silver Glen Springs Recreation Area of Ocala National Forest. It lies at the east edge of the national forest. It is about 2 miles north of the entrance of Juniper Creek, and it is along the edge of the Big Scrub. There is a short spring run that is about 0.75 miles long and goes to Lake George.
The site is managed by Ocala National Forest – Lake George Ranger District and run by a private concessioner. It is a popular day use area as well as an archaeological site.

## History

Native Americans inhabited the St. Johns River around 5000 years ago, evidenced by radiocarbon dating of shell mounds along the river. Artifacts such as Stone Age tools, pottery, and other relics have been uncovered at Silver Glen Springs.
Silver Glen was previously a large private campground. Later, it gradually transformed into a wilderness setting.

## Description

Sixty-five million gallons of water a day come out from two spring vents. At the southwest corner of the spring pool is a small spring vent called “Natural Well” which contains fish and the occasional manatee. It is not accessible by water to protect the natural habitat, but can be seen from land. Natural Well is 12–15 feet in diameter and 40 feet in depth. The spring vent at the eastern part of the pool is 18 feet deep. The spring pool is large and semicircular, measuring 200 feet north to south and 175 feet east to west. The pool bottom is composed of sand and limestone with some aquatic grass. The water is clear and cool at 72 degrees Fahrenheit.
Sometimes large schools of striped bass travel from the lake to the headspring. Also, tilapia can be seen going to the spring and building nests. Mullet can be seen as well. There is an immense cave system under the picnic area adjacent to the spring.
The park has the Spring Boils Trail that goes through the woods and leads to a boardwalk that goes to several sand boils, where water bubbles up through the sand. There is an old Native American mound east of the springhead, where Native American groups sometimes have ceremonies.
The area around the springs are relatively isolated with some private hunt camps. The Juniper Club is at the eastern entrance to the springs. This all-male club owns three thousand acres of land in the area.

## Activities

Silver Glen Springs is a very popular site with large crowds of visitors, especially on the weekends. There is a fee to access the site.
Snorkelers can see saltwater and freshwater fish in the same headspring pool. No lifeguards are on duty. Scuba diving and fishing in some areas are prohibited. Canoe rentals are available.
There is a picnic area with tables, charcoal grills, and a volleyball net. A small general store provides some goods such as ice and volleyball rentals for the nearby volleyball area. Restrooms are on site.
The park does not permit overnight camping, only day use.

## In popular culture

In 1941, the movie company Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer arranged with the Juniper Club to film some scenes of The Yearling at their property. During the filming, a barge sank in Silver Glen and it can still be seen today.
# Mitchelton–Scott

Mitchelton–Scott may refer to:
* Mitchelton–Scott (men's team), a professional cycling team that competes on the UCI World Tour.
* Mitchelton–Scott (women's team), a professional cycling team that competes on the UCI Women's World Tour.
* Mitchelton–BikeExchange, a Chinese registered continental level development team, on UCI Continental Tours formerly called Mitchelton Scott.
# Men's Studies Press

Men's Studies Press (MSP) was an academic publisher registered in Harriman, Tennessee, from 1992. They produced three journals, and also published monographs and collections of essays. MSP also administered a website – MensStudies.info – of resources related to men's studies. They ceased publishing in 2016.

## Past mission statement

   The Men's Studies Press is committed to serving the men's studies community and others by publishing scholarly materials; by creating and publishing timely special materials for unique men's studies market niches; by responding promptly to all customers' needs; by treating our internal and external corporate family with respect and fairness; by supporting professionals, teachers, and students who explore men's lives and/or men's issues; and, finally, by promoting values that honor and respect all.

## Journals

* The Journal of Men's Studies (ISSN 1060-8265, 1992-2014), published by SAGE Publications as of 2015.
* International Journal of Men's Health (ISSN 1532-6306, since 2002)
* Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Practice about Men as Fathers (ISSN 1537-6680, since 2003)
* Thymos: Journal of Boyhood Studies (ISSN 1931-9045, 2007-2013), published by Berghahn Books as of 2015, under the new name, Boyhood Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal.
* Culture, Society and Masculinities (ISSN 1941-5583, since 2009)

## Monographs

* Frieman, Barry. The Divorcing Father's Manual: 8 Steps to Help You and Your Children Survive and Thrive. MPS, 2005. ISBN 1-931342-02-4
* Gray, Ross. Prostate Tales: Men's Experiences with Prostate Cancer. MSP, 2003. ISBN 1-931342-00-8
* Janssen, Diederik. International guide to literature on masculinity: a bibliography. MPS, March 2008. ISBN 978-1-931342-17-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-931342-18-6 (electronic)
* Lee, Terry. A New Path at Midlife: Transformative Relationship & Story for Men. MSP, 2007. ISBN 978-1-931342-08-7
* Sargent, Paul. Real Men or Real Teachers? Contradictions in the Lives of Men Elementary School Teachers. MPS, 2001. ISBN 0-9671794-3-2

## Essay collections

* Botherson, Sean E. and Joseph M. White (editors). Why Fathers Count: The Importance of Fathers and Their Involvement with Children. MSP, 2007. ISBN 978-1-931342-05-6
* Focus on Fathers and Fatherhood. MSP, 2007. ISBN 978-1-931342-10-0
* Josep M. Armengol and Àngels Carabí (editors). Debating Masculinities. MSP, 2009. ISBN 978-1-931342-19-3
# Kåre Kivijärvi

Kåre Kivijärvi (born 23 April 1938 in Hammerfest - 20 November 1991) was a Norwegian photographer known for his photojournalistic work in Northern Norway.
Kivijärvi was born into a Kven family and always professed a connection to his ethnic heritage and to Finland. After working as a photographer's apprentice in Finnmark Dagblad, he was in 1959 accepted at Folkwangschule für Gestaltung in Essen, Germany, where he studied with Otto Steinert. After having served in the Royal Norwegian Air Force as an aerial photographer, he accepted a position as staff photographer for Helsingin Sanomat's weekly newsmagazine Viikkosanomat, which brought him on assignment to Greenland, the Soviet Union, Afghanistan, India, and Nepal.
Kivijärvi's work was the first to be accepted by the main annual art exhibition in Norway, the Autumn Exhibition (Høstutstillingen). In this respect, it can be said that he contributed to establish photography as a distinct art form in Norway.
Kivijärvi's photographic style is noted for its stark, sparse imagery. His photo essay on Laestadians in Northern Norway in 1962 is a noted example of this style, as are his depiction of desolate landscapes and harsh climates.
There have been posthumous exhibitions, including one which started in June 2023 in Vadsø's Ruija kvenmuseu (a museum).
# Pipers River

The Pipers River is a perennial river located in northern region of Tasmania, Australia. It was named for Captain Hugh Piper. The Aboriginal name for the river is Wattra karoola.

## Course and features

The river rises below Mount Arthur near Lilydale. It runs through Hollybank Forest, a tourist attraction, before flowing through the outer reaches of Lilydale. It then proceeds through to Karoola, Lower Turners Marsh and then Pipers River town. The river has its mouth at Pipers Heads near the towns of Weymouth and Bellingham flowing into Noland Bay, Bass Strait. A number of tributaries flow into the Pipers River including; Pipers Brook, at Bellingham, Back Creek at Weymouth and Rocky Creek near Lilydale. The river descends 975 metres (3,199 ft) over its 59-kilometre (37 mi) course. The river isn't very tidal except in the immediate area around Weymouth.

## Wildlife

Results from a genetic study indicated that specimens of Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish from a site in the Pipers River catchment (Little Creek) were significantly genetically distinct from the rest of the species, and should be considered an important location for conservation.
# The Weavers at Carnegie Hall Vol. 2

The Weavers at Carnegie Hall Vol. 2 is a live album by the Weavers, released in December 1960. Because Lee Hays was off-microphone during much of the actual April 1960 Carnegie Hall concert, most of the songs on this album were from a Berkeley, California performance of the same material.

## Track listing

* "On My Journey"
* "Born in East Virginia"
* "Bill Bailey Come Home"
* "The Sinking of Reuben James"
* "Good Old Bowling Green"
* "There Once Was a Young Man Who Went to the City"
* "Subo"
* "Last Night I Had The Strangest Dream"
* "Marching to Pretoria"
* "Stewball"
* "Below The Gallows Tree"
* "Tapuach Hineni"
* "Universal Folk Song"
* "Run, Come, See Jerusalem"
* "Buttermilk Hill"
* "Amazing Grace"
* "Virgin Mary"
* "In That New Jerusalem"
* This 1960s folk album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sammy Curran

Sammy Curran was an Irish international footballer who played as a centre-forward. It was said of Curran that
   "Another record which Belfast Celtic can honestly claim is that Sammy Curran (centre forward) has the greatest number of goals to his credit during his first four years of Senior football than any other player in the game, and will still bang them in."
Curran made headlines as goal-getter with Carrick-based intermediate club, Woodburn, and brought the attentions of the Irish League's top clubs. Belfast Celtic won the race for his signature, usurping Linfield at the last minute. He made his Belfast Celtic debut in a 1–0 defeat at the hands of Glenavon on 22 August 1925. He found the back of the net on 51 occasions as the Gibson Cup (Irish League), Irish Cup, Gold Cup, City Cup and Belfast Charities Cup (shared with Glentoran) all returned to Paradise.
Individual highlights included a hat-trick in the 3-2 Irish Cup final victory over Linfield and a brace in a 4-2 friendly win against Glasgow Celtic on Easter Monday 1926. Impressive club form also brought Curran representative honours. He scored on his Inter-League debut in a 5–1 defeat by the Football League in October 1925, and scored two on his first outing for Northern Ireland in a 3–0 win over Wales.
Over the next few seasons Curran couldn't stop scoring, as Belfast Celtic went on to claim four consecutive League titles, plus further successes in the City Cup and the County Antrim Shield. In 1928 he was chosen to lead the line as Northern Ireland faced France in Paris. Four days later he scored the only goal in a famously hard-fought win over Scotland in Glasgow.
Having scored over 170 goals for Celtic, Curran moved on to Derry City playing in their first match as a senior side on 22 August 1929. Two days later he had the honour of scoring the club's first senior hat-trick, as Derry came back from 5-1 down against Portadown, only to lose 6–5 to a late goal. Curran finished his first season at the Brandywell Stadium with 35 goals in 39 appearances.
In 1931 Curran moved closer to home, signing for Bangor. The club struggled during Curran's first season, finishing bottom of the Irish League, five points behind Glenavon. A personal highlight for Curran was his hat-trick back at the Brandywell, although the final score of Derry City 7, Bangor 4 no doubt took some of the gloss of the achievement. Ironically, Bangor had been the main rivals of Woodburn during their Intermediate League days. He scored for Woodburn in the 1923 Steel & Sons Cup Final against the Seasiders; Bangor won 2–0.

## Retirement

Curran settled in Bangor, where he bought a sweet shop.
# John Tudor (cyclist)

John Tudor (born 1953) is a Welsh male former track cyclist.

## Cycling career

Tudor became British champion when winning the British National Individual Sprint Championships in 1976.
He represented Wales at both the 1974 British Commonwealth Games and the 1978 Commonwealth Games.
# Moechotypa javana

Moechotypa javana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Schwarzer in 1929. It is known from Java.
# Men's Thai-Boxing at W.A.K.O. European Championships 2006 Skopje -57 kg

* Men's Thai-Boxing at the W.A.K.O. European Championships 2006 (Skopje)
* -51 kg
* -54 kg
* -57 kg
* -60 kg
* -63.5 kg
* -67 kg
* -71 kg
* -75 kg
* -81 kg
* -86 kg
* -91 kg
* +91 kg
The men's featherweight (57 kg/125.4 lbs) Thai-Boxing division at the W.A.K.O. European Championships 2006 in Skopje was the third lightest of the male Thai-Boxing tournaments and involved only four fighters. Each of the matches was three rounds of two minutes each and were fought under Thai-Boxing rules.
The tournament was won by Serbian Aleksandar Gogic who defeated Ruben Almedia from Portugal in the final by split decision to claim gold. Defeated semi finalists Ramil Novruzov from Belarus and Ilya Mordvinov from Russia took the bronze medal positions.

## Results

| Semi Finals | Semi Finals | Semi Finals | Final | Final | Final |
| Ramil Novruzov | Ramil Novruzov | | | | |
| Aleksandar Gogic | Aleksandar Gogic | WIN | Aleksandar Gogic | Aleksandar Gogic | D(2:1) |
| Ruben Almeida | Ruben Almeida | WIN | Ruben Almeida | Ruben Almeida | |
| Ilya Mordvinov | Ilya Mordvinov | | | | |

### Key

| Abbreviation | Meaning |
| D (2:1) | Decision (Winners Score:Losers Score) |
| KO | Knockout |
| TKO | Technical Knockout |
| AB | Abandonment (Injury in match) |
| WO | Walkover (No fight) |
| DQ | Disqualification |
| WIN | Victory - official record unclear |
# LGA 1248

LGA 1248 is an Intel CPU Socket for Itanium processors from the 9300-series to the 9700-series. It replaces PAC611 (also known as PPGA661) used by Itanium 9100-series processors and adds Intel QuickPath Interconnect functionalities.
# Tinta District

Tinta District is one of eight districts of the Canchis Province in Peru.

## Geography

The most important river of the district is the Willkanuta which crosses the district from south-east to north-west.

## Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (75.37%) learnt to speak in childhood, 24.33% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).
# Piruna aea

Piruna aea, the many-spotted skipperling, is a species of intermediate skipper in the butterfly family Hesperiidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Piruna aea is 3986.1.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species Piruna aea:
* Piruna aea aea
* Piruna aea mexicana H. Freeman, 1979
# Lebeha Drumming Center

The Lebeha Drumming Center was established in 2002 by Jabbar Lambey and Dorothy Pettersen, in Hopkins, Belize. Hopkins is a small coastal Garifuna community in the Stann Creek District of southern Belize. The center exists with the goals of keeping Garifuna music alive, passing traditional music along to young people in the community, and sharing music with visitors to Hopkins. The center’s focus is on traditional percussion music, though guitars have been donated and are also played.
The young people who play and take lessons at the drumming center perform regularly, and in 2006, they recorded a CD entitled Traditional Garifuna Music played by Youth from Hopkins, Belize, published by Innova Recordings. The album was shortlisted for a Grammy Award nomination in the Traditional Music category.

## Garifuna instruments

Traditional Garifuna drums, or garaones, are handmade of mahogany wood and deer hide. The drumhead is secured to the wooden body with cordage that is laced around the head and attached through holes at the bottom of the drum. These are tension drums; they are tuned by way of wooden pegs attached to the cordage that can be wound to tighten or loosen the drumhead. Additionally, these drums often have a thin wire or piece of fishing line stretched across the head in order to create a buzzing sound, an aesthetic which is common in much Central and West African music, and has been preserved in Garifuna music. The drums at Lebeha are crafted by master drum-maker Austin Rodriguez, whose workshop is located in Dangriga, Belize.
There are two main types of drums used in Garifuna music: Primero and Segunda. The primera (or lanigi, “heart-drum”, in Garifuna) is the higher-pitched of the two, and serves to accent dancers’ movements. The segunda, or lufarugu (“shadow-drum”), which provides the beat for dancers. Sometimes a third drum, the tercera, or luruwahn (“third drum”) is the lowest-pitched of the three and serves as a bass drum. The presence of the tercera allows the Segunda to play more syncopated rhythms.

## Traditional Garifuna music

Punta is a traditional Belizean music and dance, often performed during festivals. This is the genre that has influenced the evolution of the popular music style punta rock.
Paranda refers to both a Garifuna rhythm, and a musical genre that features Garifuna drumming, guitar, and singing. Lyrics in this genre are often nostalgic, and paranda is usually performed by men. One can hear the Latin/Spanish influence in this style of music.

## Popular Garifuna music

Belize's most well-known popular musical style is Punta rock, a style of dance music that combines traditional Garifuna rhythms with western popular music elements, including electric and bass guitars and keyboard.
# Jonathan Kamakawiwoʻole Osorio

Jonathan Kamakawiwoʻole Osorio is a Native Hawaiian professor of Hawaiian studies. He is the Dean of the Hawaiʻinuiākea School of Hawaiian Knowledge at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

## Early life and education

Osorio was born in Hilo. While attending Kamehemeha Schools he learned to play the guitar. He graduated in 1969.

## Career

In 1974 he formed a duo called "Jon & Randy" with fellow musician Randy Borden. Their song "Hawaiian eyes" won a Na Hoku Hanohano award in 1981.
In 1984 Osorio returned to school. He earned a PhD in history from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. He taught Hawaiian studies at the university and Kapiʻolani Community College. He became the Dean of the Hawaiʻinuiākea School of Hawaiian Knowledge in 2018. While working as a professor, Osorio also attended protests against the Thirty Meter Telescope. Osorio's work as a professor and musician intertwine; he often sings a song during his interviews, conference presentations, forums, and other engagements.
In 2019 he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Hawaiʻi Academy of Recording Arts.
# Moechotypa marmorea

Moechotypa marmorea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1864. They are known to be found on Borneo.
# Mendijur Ornithological Park

The Mendijur Ornithological Park is located in Alava, Basque Country, Spain. The park has trails and bird blinds for visitor use. The park consists of mainly of wetlands, along with forested areas, making it a home for wide variety of waterfowl and other birds. Frequently spotted birds include various egrets and grebes, grey herons, and white storks.
# I Come Alive

"I Come Alive" is a single by American rock band the Used, from the fifth studio album Vulnerable. The song impacted radio on February 14, 2012 along with a music video.
The music video, directed by Aaron Hymes, depicts a boy getting bullied by other kids and getting abused by his own father. At the end, he gets revenge on his enemies by chasing and eventually killing the bullies with a baseball bat, stabs his father to death (graphic) and then stares at the body in anger. The band does not appear in this video.

## Chart performance

The single debuted and peaked at number 29 on the Billboard Alternative songs chart, and it was the last single to appear on the chart until "Giving Up" in 2023.
| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| US Rock Songs (Billboard) | 42 |
| US Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 29 |
# Pirumeri Island

Pirumeri Island is an island of the Shortland Islands archipelago, in Western Province, in the independent nation of Solomon Islands. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is some 25 metres.