OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Presidential committee on young generation

The Presidential Committee on Young Generation (PCYG) is an advisory board on South Korean youth to the president of the Republic of Korea.
Established on July 13, 2013, PCYG is led by Minwoo Nam, head of the Korea Venture Business Association and CEO of DASAN Networks. PCYG advises the President on youth issues such as job creation, communication, and policy making. PCYG is headquartered in Seoul.

## Basis of the Establishment

Presidential decree on the establishment of the PCYG

## General

PCYG was formed to strengthen communications between the government and young people, making policy-making processes for them more effective. The government has defined this group as men and women between ages 19 to 39.
The major role of PCYG is to advise the president about policy-making on youth issues. Having ‘Field, People, and Collective Labour’ as its main theme for the operation, PCYG also takes a role as a mediator between the government departments throughout the policy-making processes related to youth issues.

## Organization

PCYG has two divisions; the committee board and the working group. The committee board consists of 24 members, including nineteen civilian and five governmental members. PCYG members include young leaders with wide experience in various fields, including young entrepreneurs, international volunteers and mentoring activities. The committee board has three sub-committees, whose titles are shown in the organizational structure on the right-hand side. The working group is divided into the two teams, ‘policy team’ and ‘communications team.’

## Operative Functions

The PCYG functions in the following three areas;
* Youth Job creation: discovering jobs in public/private sectors, building young generation-friendly business environment, sponsoring international job searching (K-Move)
* Youth Policy Development: mediating YG policy fragmented throughout the government departments, supporting government projects related to the YG
* Communications/nurturing the youth: online and offline communications, encouraging innovation, nurturing programs such as mentoring

### Operation process

The PCYG collects youth voices in various fields and discusses the raised issues. It then gathers opinions from the government departments on the issues and mediates between them to report to the president. After the reports, it monitors policy practices executed by the departments and receives feedback from them.

## Address

Presidential Committee on Young Generation 12th floor, KT Building, Sejong-roh 100, Jongno-gu, Seoul.
# Presbyterian Church in Cambodia

The Presbyterian Church in Cambodia or Presbyterian Church of Cambodia (PCC), officially Synod Presbyterian Church in Cambodia, is a denomination Reformed Presbyterian, founded in Cambodia, in 1993, by Korean Presbyterian missionaries and the Presbyterian Church in Singapore.

## History

In 1993, Korean Presbyterian missionaries began church planting work in Cambodia. From then on, missionaries from Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDong), Presbyterian Church in Korea (TongHap) and other Korean Presbyterian denominations arrived in the country. On July 9, 2003, missionaries created the Council of the Presbyterian Church in Cambodia, whose objective was the establishment of a single Presbyterian denomination in the country, without reflecting the divisions among Korean Presbyterians in the mission.
In 2009, the Presbyterian Theological Institute of Cambodia was organized to train national pastors.
On July 9, 2013, the first presbytery was formed and in January 2015, the presbytery unfolded, leading to the constitution of the Synod of the denomination.
In 2019, the denomination already had 136 churches and 5,876 members.

## Doctrine

The PCC subscribes to the Westminster Confession of Faith, Westminster Larger Catechism and Westminster Shorter Catechism.

## Interchurch Relations

The denomination has strong relationships with the Presbyterian Church in Singapore.
# Pre-vocational Certificate

The Pre-vocational Certificate is a vocational qualification in Mauritius designed for early school leavers who have failed to successfully complete the exams required for the Certificate of Primary Education, a pre-requisite for entry into secondary school, or who are at or above age 13. The qualification is offered by the Mauritius Institute of Training and Development. The pre-vocational programme includes Form I Vocational, Form II Vocational, Form III Vocational, and Form IV Vocational stages of education.

## History

Previously, students followed a pre-vocational course of education followed by the National Trade Certificate Foundation (NTC F) course led by the Mauritius Institute of Training and Development. However, this course option has been gradually phased out and replaced with a programme of study of four years of pre-vocational education followed by the NTC F course.

## Entry requirements

Entry into the Pre-vocational Certificate programme generally requires completion of Standard 6 of primary school. It is at this stage of education that students take the examinations for the Certificate of Primary Education; students who fail to take the exams or who are unsuccessful in completing or passing the exams may then progress onto the Pre-vocational Certificate and enter into the vocational stream of education.

## Curriculum

The pre-vocational programme of study includes instruction in the following subjects:
* Communication Skills
** Arts
** Kreol
** English
** French
* Numeracy and Problem Solving Skills
** Mathematics
** Science
** Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
* Life Skills
** Values and Citizenship Education
** Health and Physical Education
* Livelihood and Trade Skills
** Design and Technology
** Home Economics
** Entrepreneurship Skills

## Progression

Students who complete the course may then progress onto the National Trade Certificate (NTC) or enter directly into employment. Advanced NTC courses have as pre-requisites lower-level courses or their academic or vocational equivalents. Those who successfully complete the NTC can then progress further onto a Higher National Diploma course followed by a Bachelor's degree course, enabling re-entry into the academic stream.
# Pre-theoretic belief

Pre-theoretical belief has been an important notion in some areas of linguistics and philosophy, especially phenomenology and older versions of "ordinary language" philosophy. It is often assumed, rightly or wrongly, that language depends on mental concepts, and that certain concepts are innate. These innate concepts provide sources of very basic linguistic competency, available to any natural language speaker that enables more complex forms of language use, including philosophical, scientific, or other types of technical language. These basic concepts, in combination, may form basic propositional attitudes about things and events. Often "pre-theoretical belief" refers to these basic propositional attitudes. Also, "pre-theoretical beliefs" may refer to simple intuitions.
Pre-theoretic belief is a term used in philosophical arguments for and against libertarianism and determinism.
# President Chure-Terai Madhesh Conservation Area Program

President Chure-Terai Madhesh Conservation Area Program is one of the National Pride Projects initiated by the Government of Nepal. The aim of the program is to conserve the natural resources of Chure region, which occupies 12.78% of Nepal, by sustainable management and promotion of ecological services. The program was launched after the 1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly in 2067/68 BS under the Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation.

## Background

The Chure region is considered as a fragile mountain range in the Himalayas because of its young age. This region is a major source of water, ecology, and biodiversity. Sometimes, this region is also referred to as the water tower because the Terai region, where millions of people reside, depends directly on the water supplied by this region. Recently, the rivers in this region started to dry which possibly due to mass extraction of sand and boulders for construction works.
Thus, to protect the region, a program was initiated with focus to reduce the possible damage by climate change and natural disasters. This is supposed to be done by implementing sustainable management of natural resources such as land, water, vegetation and biodiversity in the Chure area of Terai region. The program also focuses on water-borne disasters. In addition, the program works with the community to increase access to firewood and fuel resources to reduce the impact in the environment.

## Master plan

The project is managed by a committee formed in 2014, which has prepared a 20 years Master Plan that contains various sub-projects. These projects are funded by Nepal government and some international organizations. The study by the committee has identified 164 rivers in 36 districts in the Chure region. In 2021, government allocated NPR 1.91 billion for the project. The master plan has 10 medium terms and 20 long-term projects.
The major work under the master plan includes integration of river, construction of embankment and green belt, prevention of soil erosion, planting in the encroached forest area, recharging of aquifers.

## Sub-projects

* Conservation of Nadiman lake in Sarlahi district. The lake was protected by the program. To make it sustainable, the fee collected from the visitors is reutilized for the conservation.
# Tottenham riots

Tottenham riots may refer to:
* Broadwater Farm riot of 1985
* The 2011 England riots which began in Tottenham
# Züri brännt

Züri brännt, meaning literally "Zürich is burning" may refer to:
* Züri brännt (film), a Swiss documentary film of 1980
* Opernhauskrawalle, the so-called youth protests of 1980 in the Swiss city of Zürich
# Kanjikkuzhi

Kanjikuzhi is a census town in Kottayam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is a suburb of Kottayam City. It lies on the Kottayam - Kumily state highway (K.K road).

## Demographics

According to the 2011 India census, Kanjikuzhi had a population of 14,076. Males constituted 49% of the population and females 51%. Kanjikuzhi had an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 88% and female literacy was 84%. 10% of the population were under 6 years of age.
# NDMC

NDMC may refer to:
* N-Desmethylclozapine
* National Drought Mitigation Center
* New Delhi Municipal Council, India
* North Delhi Municipal Corporation, India
* National Defence Medical Centre, Canada
* National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
* National Disaster Management Centre, South Africa
* Notre Dame of Midsayap College, Philippines
# Tetragonoderus linealis

Tetragonoderus linealis is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It was described by Andrewes in 1938.
# Saint-Rémy, Côte-d'Or

Saint-Rémy (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
# Thomas Darbyshire

Thomas Darbyshire (1518–1604) was an English churchman and Jesuit.
He was a nephew of Edmund Bonner by a sister. He received his education at Broadgates Hall, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1544, B.C.L. in 1553, and D.C.L. on 20 July 1556. His uncle collated him to the prebend of Totenhall in St Paul's Cathedral on 23 July 1543, to the rectory of Hackney on 26 May 1554, to the rectory of Fulham on 1 October 1558, to the archdeaconry of Essex on 22 October 1558, and to the rectory of St. Magnus, near London Bridge, on 27 November 1558. He was also chancellor of the diocese of London, in which capacity he examined Protestants who were brought before Bishop Bonner about matters of faith.
On the accession of Elizabeth I, he was a conspicuous Catholic, and was deprived of all his preferments. He remained in England, however, for some time, and was deputed to attend the Council of Trent. He was sent in order to procure an opinion on the point, then controversial, whether the Catholic faithful might frequent the Protestant churches in order to avoid the penalties decreed against recusants. He brought back an answer to the effect that attendance at the heretical worship would be a great sin. It was at his prompting that the fathers of the Council passed the decree De non adeundis Haereticorum ecclesiis. He afterwards suffered imprisonment in London, and eventually left England.
He visited several parts of France and Flanders, and entered the Society of Jesus on 1 May 1563, at St. Andrew's Novitiate, Rome. He was sent first to Monaco and then to the University of Dillingen. Then the pope gave him a mission to Scotland, along with Father Edmund Hay, to the apostolic nuncio Vincentius Laurens who had been consecrated bishop, and appointed his successor in the see of Monte Regale. The object of this mission is unclear but probably connected with affairs of Mary, Queen of Scots. Subsequently he was ordered to France, having been appointed master of novices at Billom. He became a professed father of the Society of Jesus in 1572. For some years he lectured in Latin to the members of the Sodality of the Blessed Virgin. This was probably at Paris, where he was residing in 1575-6, and again in 1579 and in 1583. While in Paris, he was an important early influence on Robert Southwell. Among his converts were Henry Fitzsimon and George Gilbert.
He visited William Allen in the English college at Rheims, who thought highly of him. He retired to Pont-à-Mousson in Lorraine, where he died on 6 April 1604. Some of his letters, intercepted by the English government, were printed by Henry Foley.
# Vesdare

Vesdare (or Wesdare) is a small village in Parner taluka in Ahmednagar district of state of Maharashtra, India.

## Religion

The majority of the population in the village i.e. almost 100 percent population is Hindu and majority of them are 96k Maratha.

## Economy

The majority of the population have farming as their primary occupation. Village is also known as "Village of Teachers" since there are also a good quantity of people in the village with occupation of teaching. Also, a few people have private jobs in Mumbai and Pune.
# Head High

Head High may refer to:
* "Head High", a song by Joey Badass from 2000 (2022)
* "Head High", a song by One Ok Rock from Eye of the Storm (2019)
# Kampung Munti

Kampung Munti is a settlement in the Lundu division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 54.3 kilometres (34 mi) west of the state capital Kuching.
Neighbouring settlements include:
* Kampung Selampit 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) north
* Kampung Kabong 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest
* Kampung Rasa 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) north
* Kampung Perian 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) north
* Kampung Rasau Lalang 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) southeast
* Pangkalan Stungkor 7.6 kilometres (4.7 mi) east
* Kampung Bukit Batu 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) northwest
* Kampung Sebandi Ulu 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) north
* Kampung Panchau 9.5 kilometres (5.9 mi) west
* Kampung Pegong 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west
# Health First Strathcona

Health First Strathcona was primary care centre that opened in Sherwood Park, Alberta in February 2004. The facility was opened to complement the regular care provided by family physicians, by providing after hours care for illness and urgent injuries. The centre closed on May 20, 2014, with its services being transferred to the Strathcona Community Hospital, which opened a day later.

## Main services

Health First Strathcona offered basic doctor's office services.
* Health First Primary Care Services
* Health First Strathcona - Seniors' Clinic
* Physical Therapy Clinics in the Community
* Tobacco Reduction Clinic
* X-ray
# Health Futures UTC

Health Futures UTC is a University Technical College in West Bromwich, England. The UTC opened in 2015 and is sponsored by the University of Wolverhampton, West Midlands Ambulance Service and Midcounties Co-operative Pharmacy.
# He Kaw Teh v The Queen

He Kaw Teh v R, is a landmark Australian judgment of the High Court. The matter related to intent and mens rea and the role of strict liability offences.

## Background

He Kaw Teh, the accused, was convicted of two offences under section 233B(1)(b) and (c) of the Customs Act 1901 (Cth) by possessing and importing 2.78 kg of heroin. At trial the court found that offences under these provisions were strict liability offences. The defendant maintained that he was unaware that he had the heroin in his possession (i.e. it was ‘planted’) and hence he should not be liable. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment.

## Finding

He Kaw Teh appealed his conviction to the High Court of Australia, who found for the appellant.
The court found, taking precedent from Sherras v De Rutzen (1895), that the prosecution needed to establish an intent in matters of significant criminality unless the presumption was rebutted.
Gibbs CJ found that “it is unlikely that the Parliament intended the consequences of committing an offence so serious should be visited on a person who had no intention to do anything wrong and no knowledge that he or she was doing so.”
Dawson J found similarly that “mistaken belief in facts which are inconsistent with the required intent does not have to be based upon reasonable grounds. Either the accused has a guilty mind or he does not, and if an honest belief, whether reasonable or not, points to the absence of the required intent, then the prosecution fails to prove its case.”
Brennan J held that where the offence is governed by statute, the requisite level of mens rea is established by interpreting the words of the statute and the intention of the legislation. When the statute is silent about the requisite mens rea, there is a presumption that the highest level of mens rea is required, that being ‘intention’. However, this presumption can be rebutted through interpretation of the legislation in question in the case.
# Kapelludden Lighthouse

Kapelludden Lighthouse, at Kapelludden on the east coast of the Swedish island of Öland, was built and lit in 1871. It is located in a wetland near the ruin of a 13th-century chapel, in Bredsättra socken, Borgholm Municipality.
The lighthouse is 32 meters high and was built by A.T. Gellerstedt.
# Hear Our Voice

Hear Our Voice was an Australian political party founded in 2007, based on the ideals of social justice.
The party ran in the Senate in New South Wales at the 2007 federal election. Two candidates ran, Toni McLennan and Lindsay Carroll.
The party advocates a closing in the gap between Australia's rich and poor, wants more women in Australian politics, improvements in the rights of gay people and the elderly, and was against Howard government policies including WorkChoices and the treatment of asylum seekers, as well as involvement in US-led attacks such as the Iraq War. The party particularly targeted the LGBT community in their campaigning.
McLennan had recently resigned from the Australian Labor Party after being defeated for preselection in the lower house seat of Eden-Monaro. She had been defeated by army officer Colonel Mike Kelly after delegates voted at the party's national conference to reduce the role rank-and-file members play in preselections.
The party's website has not been updated since the 2007 election. It was voluntarily deregistered on 4 March 2010.
# Sorghastrum secundum

Sorghastrum secundum is a species of grass known by the common name lopsided Indiangrass. It is native to the Southeastern United States.
This species is a perennial bunchgrass growing up to 6 ft (1.8 m) tall. The flat leaf blades are up to 24 in (610 mm) long. The ligule is pointed. The inflorescence is one-sided.
This plant provides forage for livestock. It grows best on well-drained soils. It is a larval host plant to the pepper-and-salt skipper.
# Sorgha

Sorgha is a town in the Bogandé Department of Gnagna Province in eastern Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 1,876 and it is located in northern Bogandé.
# Hazeta Slonimskaya

Hazeta Slonimskaya (Belarusian: Газета Слонімская; Russian: Газета Слонимская; 7,000 to 8,000 copies) is an independent local Belarusian newspaper. It was published in Slonim, Belarus.
In November 2020, the publication was suspended by the Belarusian authorities for 6 months. As of June 2021, even after the suspension expired, no printing house agreed to print the circulation.

## History

The oldest independent newspaper in Slonim was founded in 1938 by the well-known poet Sergei Novik-Pjajun [ru] and his wife Ludmila. The articles were written in Polish. Only four issues were published, then Nivik-Pjajun was arrested by the Polish government, the newspaper was closed. In 1997 ‘Slonimskaya’ was revived under chief editor Victor Volodashuck. Publication’s runs grew to 12500 copies per month, the staff included several journalists, marketing department, correctors, layout designer, etc. When Volodashuck died in 2019, his widow Anna took the post of chief editor.
In 2006 Belposhta and Belsouzpechat (the state press distributor) refused to prolong contracts with the publication and excluded it from their catalogues.
In 2008 Hazeta Slonimskaya received the Free Media Award from Die Zeit Foundation and an honorary certificate from Belarusian Association of Journalists. In the same year, before the next parliamentary elections’, Hazeta Slonimskaya experienced pressure from local authorities. It was threatened to be suspended by the district chef for selling copies not in a permitted place. Then the editors office without any explained reason received an eviction order from the state-controlled leaseholder company; all other agencies refused to deal with the publication.
In 2017 the newspaper returned to the state catalogue and could be sold via press stands again.

## Crackdown and Suspension

On November 9, 2020, the house of the founder of the newspaper Anna Volodarshchuk and the editorial office of Hazeta Slonimskaya were searched, computers and other storage media were taken away, and work was paralyzed. As a result of that, the November 11 issue of Hazeta Slonimskaya was not published for the first time in 23 years. Anna Volodarshchuk left Belarus due to the threat of criminal prosecution.
On November 18, 2020, Anna Volodarshchuk reported that it became impossible to publish the newspaper in conditions of violence, so Hazeta Slonimskaya suspended its publication for six months. In the assessment of the chairman of the Belarusian Association of Journalists Andrey Bastunets, the crackdown on Hazeta Slonimskaya confirms the pressure of the authorities on the regional press.
At the beginning of May 2021, a notification was sent to the Ministry of Information about the resumption of the newspaper's publication. On 24 May the ministry included it in the register of printed media. However, the newspaper could not be printed, as several printing houses refused to print the circulation.