OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minnesota v. Dickerson

Minnesota v. Dickerson, 508 U.S. 366 (1993), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The Court unanimously held that, when a police officer who is conducting a lawful patdown search for weapons feels something that plainly is contraband, the object may be seized even though it is not a weapon. By a 6-to-3 vote, however, the court held that the officer in this case had gone beyond the limits of a lawful patdown search before he could determine that the object was contraband, making the search and the subsequent seizure unlawful under the Fourth Amendment.
Associate Justice Byron White gave the opinion of the court.

## Background

The defendant, Timothy Dickerson, was in a known drug area. An officer investigated by ordering a patdown of Dickerson to search for any weapons. During that search, he felt a small lump in his coat. Without further evidence, he reached in and grabbed the lump and found it was cocaine. In lower court, Dickerson moved that the cocaine be suppressed as evidence because the officer violated his right against unreasonable search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, but the trial court overruled this objection, ruling that the frisking and the seizure of the cocaine were justified.

### Procedural history

The Minnesota Court of Appeals reversed the trial court's ruling. The state Supreme Court held that both the stop and the frisk of respondent were valid under Terry v. Ohio, but found the seizure of the cocaine to be unconstitutional. Refusing to enlarge the "plain-view" exception to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement, the court appeared to adopt a categorical rule barring the seizure of any contraband detected by an officer through the sense of touch during a patdown search. The court further noted that, even if it recognized such a "plain-feel" exception, the search in this case would not qualify because it went far beyond what is permissible under Terry.

## Supreme Court

The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously agreed that the cocaine in this case was inadmissible as evidence even though the Court held that officers were allowed to assume that an object was contraband through touch.
   If a police officer lawfully pats down a suspect's outer clothing and feels an object whose contour or mass makes its identity immediately apparent, there has been no invasion of the suspect's privacy beyond that already authorized by the officer's search for weapons; if the object is contraband, its warrantless seizure would be justified by the same practical considerations that inhere in the plain-view context.
# Wilcox Junction, Florida

Wilcox Junction is an unincorporated community in Gilchrist County, Florida, United States. It is located 1.4 miles (2.3 km) west of Wilcox, and 1.4 miles (2.3 km) northwest of Fanning Springs.

## Geography

Wilcox Junction is located at 29°36′43″N 82°56′24″W﻿ / ﻿29.612°N 82.94°W﻿ / 29.612; -82.94, and its elevation is 26 feet (7.9 m).
Wilcox Junction was the site of a former railroad wye built by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. The lines at this junction consisted of the Thomasville—Dunnellon Line and the Jacksonville—Wilcox Line. Today, all three legs of this wye are used by the Nature Coast State Trail.
# Wilcox Lake (New York)

Wilcox Lake is located west of Bakertown, New York. It is the largest body of water in Wilcox Lake Wild Forest. Fish species present in the lake are brook trout, white sucker, and brown bullhead. Several primitive campsites, which are only accessible via hiking trails, surround the lake. There is carry down access via trails used as snowmobile trails in the winter.
# Wilfried Sauerland

Wilfried Sauerland (born 29 February 1940 in Wuppertal) is a German boxing promoter and manager. He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2010.

## Career

Boxing camps associated with Sauerland, have had various locations:
Frankfurt (Oder) with Manfred Wolke and Rudi Fink (2003), Cologne with Ulli Wegner (1996–2004), and in Berlin with Ulli Wegner, since 2004. He has two sons, Kalle Sauerland and Nisse Sauerland who both work for Wasserman.

## Current boxers

| Boxer | Nationality | Weight |
| Sophie Alisch | German | Featherweight |
| Abass Baraou | German | Super Welterweight |
| Leon Bauer | German | Super middleweight |
| Leon Bunn | German | Light heavyweight |
| Filip Hrgović | Croatian | Heavyweight |
| Denis Radovan | German | Super middleweight |
| Katharina Thanderz | Norwegian | Super featherweight |
| Patrick Wojcicki | German | Super middleweight |
Previous boxers
* Arthur Abraham
* Ahmad Kaddour
* Alejandro Berrio
* Alexander Frenkel
* Alexander Povetkin
* Axel Schulz
* Cecilia Brækhus
* Chisanda Mutti
* David Graf
* David Haye
* Dustin Dirks
* Edmund Gerber
* Eduard Gutknecht
* Enad Licina
* Francesco Pianeta
* Henry Akinwande
* Henry Maske
* Jack Culcay
* John Mugabi
* Karo Murat
* Marco Huck
* Markus Beyer
* Mikkel Kessler
* Nikolai Valuev
* Oktay Urkal
* Oleh Platov
* Robert Helenius
* Ruediger May
* Sebastian Sylvester
* Steve Cunningham
* Sven Ottke
* Timo Hoffmann
* Torsten May
* Tyron Zeuge
* Yoan Pablo Hernandez
* Željko Mavrović
* George Groves
* Enrico Kölling
* Artur Mann
* Kubrat Pulev
* Patrick Nielsen
* Anthony Ogogo
* Noel Gevor
* Mikaela Laurén
* Otto Wallin
* Michael Wallisch
* Oscar Ahlin
* Stefan Härtel
* Tomi Honka
* Oliver Flodin
* Mikkel Nielsen
* Abdul Khattab
* Dennis Ceylan
* Tim-Robin Lihaug
* Burak Sahin
* Araik Marutjan
* Micki Nielsen
* Anthony Yigit
* Nieky Holzken
* Klara Svensson
* Hadi Srour
* Albon Pervizaj
* Mikael Lawal
* Frederik Hede Jensen
* Zach Parker
* Dina Thorslund
* Kem Ljungquist
* Vincent Feigenbutz
* Karl Robin Havnaa
# Wilfried Pollagba

Wilfried Ladislas Pollagba Malikode (born October 10, 1991) is a Central African professional basketball player who currently plays for Hit Trésor of the Central African Division I Basketball League.

## International career

Pollagba has previously represented the Central African Republic at international events. He played for his country at the 2008 FIBA Africa Under-18 Championship. Pollagba was named to the preliminary squad for the AfroBasket 2015 by head coach Aubin-Thierry Goporo.

## Personal

Pollagba commented on the lack of safety for basketball player in the Central African Republic for the newspaper France 24 in 2014. He said, "Some of my teammates have stopped practicing completely. They found it too dangerous to train at night after work as they used to do, because the security risk is greatest after dark."
# Lethe Wharf

Lethe Wharf is a 1939 Australian radio play by Catherine Shepherd. The play was one of Shepherd's key works.
The play was produced again in 1945.
The radio critic from Wireless Weekly called it "a most unusual play... the playwright presents no ordinary murder mystery. She tackles a social problem, flings a fierce criticism at a certain class of women, and tells a pitiful story of the fate of the little capitalist."

## Premise

"“I killed you, didn’t I? I can’t get over it. I never thought I’d do a thing like that. I’ve never wanted to hurt anyone ... I can’t forget it... wanting to kill you . . . meaning to kill you... It was like a black shadow over me. That’s why I’m afraid here . . . It s dark . . .” Thus Shaddv to Giles, as they stood on the little wharf facing the dim, mysterious river, while the green light of the boat winked in the shadows—Lethe, River of Forgetfulness. Why did Shaddv kill Giles? To tell that, the author must unwind the dark cable of the story that brought their frustrated lives together."
# Wiechnowice

Wiechnowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rzeczyca, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Rzeczyca, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 60 km (37 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Lewiston, Wisconsin

Lewiston is a town in Columbia County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,187 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 54.9 square miles (142.2 km$^2$), of which, 54 square miles (139.8 km$^2$) is land and 1 square miles (2.5 km$^2$) (1.75%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,187 people, 473 households, and 347 families residing in the town. The population density was 22 people per square mile (8.5/km$^2$). There were 573 housing units at an average density of 10.6 per square mile (4.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 97.89% White, 0.51% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.17% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.01% of the population.
There were 473 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.6% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 29.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $45,962, and the median income for a family was $51,125. Males had a median income of $36,810 versus $23,214 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,644. About 3.3% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.6% of those under age 18 and 12.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Historic sites

The Aldo Leopold Shack and Farm is located 6 miles south, in the town of Fairfield, in Sauk County.
# Leucothoe axillaris

Leucothoe axillaris is a shrub native to the southeastern United States, with the common names swamp dog-laurel and coastal dog-hobble. It has been reported from Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North and South Carolina and Virginia. It grows on floodplains in coastal areas at elevations of less than 200 m (660 ft).
Leucothoe axillaris is a branching shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall. Leaves are up to 8 cm (3 in) long. Flowers are white, cylindrical, up to 8 mm (0.3 in) long. Fruit is a dry capsule.
The cultivar Scarletta = 'Zeblid' has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Wilhelm Brücke

Johann Wilhelm Brücke (4 March 1800, Stralsund - 1 April 1874, Berlin) was a German landscape and architecture painter.

## Life

After completing school in Stralsund, he enrolled at the Prussian Academy of the Arts where he studied under Johann Erdmann Hummel. With the financial support of his teacher and a small grant, he went to Rome in 1829. He remained there for almost five years, producing landscapes and vedute of Roman architecture. Upon his return to Berlin, he set himself up as a free-lance artist and regularly took part in major exhibitions at the Academy.
He found his own style early on and his work is easily recognizable from his use of reddish, sunset colors. However, some of his later paintings are reminiscent of the almost photographically realistic work of Eduard Gaertner. His popularity continued after his death, and his works formed part of a major exhibit at the "Jahrhundertausstellung Deutscher Kunst" (Centennial Exhibition of German Art) in 1906.

## Sources and Further reading

* Gerhard Hansen: Wilhelm Brücke. Galerie unter den Linden, Berlin 1851. (Exhibition catalog)
* Irmgard Wirth: Berliner Malerei im 19. Jahrhundert. Siedler Verlag, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-572-10011-9, pg, 195.
* Berlin Museum - Stadtbilder. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung and Verlag Willmuth Arenhövel, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-87584-212-X, pg. 537.
# René Lorin

René Lorin (24 March 1877 – 16 January 1933) was a French aerospace engineer and inventor of the ramjet.
In 1908 Lorin patented, FR390256, the first subsonic ramjet design. He published the principles of a ramjet in articles in the journal L'Aérophile from 1908 to 1913, expressing the idea that the exhaust from internal combustion engines could be directed into nozzles to create jet propulsion. He could not test this invention since there was no way at the time for an aircraft to go fast enough for a ramjet to function properly.
When René Leduc applied for a patent on a ramjet design in 1933, FR705648, he discovered Lorin's publications and tried to contact him, only to learn that he had recently died. Leduc thereafter paid homage to Lorin's work.
René Lorin is a graduate of the École Centrale Paris.
# John A. Ruthven

John Aldrich Ruthven (November 12, 1924 – October 11, 2020) was an American artist best known for his paintings of wildlife.

## Biography

Ruthven was born in Cincinnati, Ohio in November 1924. After serving in the U.S. military in World War II, Ruthven attended the Art Academy of Cincinnati and received his certificate in 1947. He opened a commercial art studio in Cincinnati. His work for clients included the Play-Doh Boy, used in that product's original 1950s advertising. Ruthven's focus, however, was on wildlife painting in the style of John James Audubon. In 1960, his painting "Redhead Ducks" won the Federal Duck Stamp competition.
Ruthven's wildlife paintings are on display at many museums including the Smithsonian Institution, and his work was featured in a 1994 retrospective at the Cincinnati Museum of Natural History. He designed two pigs for Cincinnati's Big Pig Gig in 2000. Other artwork includes a Passenger pigeon mural on the wall of a six-story building in Cincinnati which can be seen in the 2014 documentary From Billions To None by David Mrazek and Joel Greenberg. The mural is located at 15 8th Street. Sometime after 2004, Ruthven donated antique printing press equipment to the Heritage Village Museum in Sharonville, Ohio.
Ruthven was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 2004. He later lived on a farm near Georgetown, Ohio and died in October 2020 at the age of 95.
# Kızılören District

Kızılören District is a district of Afyonkarahisar Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Kızılören. Its area is 111 km$^2$, and its population is 2,161 (2021).

## Composition

There is one municipality in Kızılören District:
* Kızılören
There are 4 villages in Kızılören District:
* Ekinova
* Gülyazı
* Türkbelkavak
* Yenibelkavak
# Heliotropium derafontense

Heliotropium derafontense is a species of plant in the family Boraginaceae. It is endemic to north-northeastern Socotra in Yemen.
# RYM

RYM may refer to:
* Rate Your Music, a music-based website
* Revolutionary Youth Movement, a 20th-century American political movement
* Rym Airlines, former Algerian airline (2003–2005)
* Princess Rym al-Ali (born 1969), Algerian princess
# Lloyd Costello

Lloyd Edwin Albert Costello (10 December 1922 – 20 June 2001) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Flowerdale, and served in the Royal Australian Air Force from 1941 to 1946. In 1959 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as the Labor member for Braddon. He served as Chair of Committees from 1961 to 1969 and as a minister from 1972 until his resignation from the House in 1975.
# Josip Marija Carević

Josip Marija Carević (February 16, 1883 in Metković – 1945 in Veliko Trgovišće) was a Croatian Catholic bishop who served as head of the Diocese of Dubrovnik. At the end of World War II, at the end of April or beginning of May 1945, he was tortured and executed by Yugoslav Partisans under mysterious circumstances. His grave has not been found.
He was ordained Bishop of Dubrovnik on August 4, 1929. During his time as bishop, a large cross was built on the Srđ peak overlooking the city.
He held this post until February 9, 1940. He subsequently retired to the Zagreb region, placing himself at the service of Archbishop Alojzije Stepinac. During this time he was named Titular Bishop of Aristium.
# Trademark troll

Trademark troll is a pejorative term for any entity that attempts to register a trademark without intending to use it and who then threatens to sue others who use that mark. As a traditional troll is said to collect a toll from those trying to cross a bridge, a trademark troll "magically appears when an unsuspecting producer adopts the same or similar mark and poses upon them two choices: pay to get a license to use my mark or litigate".
The existence of trademark trolls exemplifies a common misunderstanding about trademark rights: the mere registration of a mark does not give the trademark owner a monopoly over that mark but must be used in commerce. As a consequence, while Leo Stoller, who has been labelled a "prototypical trademark troll" by intellectual property attorney Anna B. Folgers, had brought 47 trademark infringement suits as of 2007, no court had found any infringement and the Northern District of Illinois had enjoined him from filing new actions without the court's permission. In a similar manner, the business practices of Tim Langdell of Edge Games were referred to as trolling by the US District Court after it was found that there was no evidence of commercial use of the asserted marks but that there was instead evidence that Langdell had fraudulently obtained and/or maintained many of his registrations.
Another more targeted example in 2008 involved Never Give Up Limited claiming that they owned the brands of two fruit juice chains, Juiceling in Glasgow and Juiced Up in Edinburgh. According to undercover reporting by the BBC, Never Give Up's representative, John Blanchard, sought tens of thousands of pounds to sell the trademarks back.
A more successful example was in November 2007, when businessman Dave Behar and his internet content production company Positive Ions, Inc. sued Ion Media Networks, claiming that Positive Ions owned the trademark to the word "Ion" and that Ion Media was using the name "Ion" without permission. Positive Ions were awarded a $1.7 million settlement, however Ion Media continued using the "Ion" name for its channels.
In 2017, PBS member station WNED, which produced the Reading Rainbow series, filed a trademark infringement lawsuit against the show's former host, LeVar Burton. WNED took issue with the name of Burton's company RRKidz, and sought administrative control of its websites and social media accounts. WNED also petitioned to stop Burton from using the Reading Rainbow catchphrase, "But you don't have to take my word for it," on his podcast. After winning the lawsuit, WNED announced a revamp of the show, which ended up in development hell.
# Journal of Macroeconomics

The Journal of Macroeconomics is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1979 that covers research on a broad range of issues in monetary economics and macroeconomics, including economic growth, fluctuations, fiscal policy, and macroeconomic forecasting. The current editors are William D. Lastrapes, professor of economics at the University of Georgia; David VanHoose, professor of economics at Baylor University; and Ping Wang, professor of economics at Washington University in St. Louis.
# Loane (surname)

Loane is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Roland Warpole Loane (died 1844), Anglo-Irish merchant who settled in New South Wales
* Alice Loane (1863–1922), British author
* George Green Loane (1865–1945), Anglo-Irish classical scholar and schoolmaster
* Marcus Loane (1912–2009), Australian Anglican bishop
* Bob Loane (1914–2002), American Baseball player
* Mark Loane (born 1954), Australian rugby football player
* Tim Loane (fl. 2000s), Northern Irish writer, director, and actor
# Trabáu

Trabáu is one of three parishes (administrative divisions) in the Degaña municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
As of 2015 the population was 32.
# Lobiopa brunnescens

Lobiopa brunnescens is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It is found in North America.
# Lobelia erinus

Lobelia erinus (edging lobelia, garden lobelia or trailing lobelia) is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae, native to southern Africa.

## Description

It is a low growing, prostrate or scrambling herbaceous perennial plant growing to 8–15 cm tall. The basal leaves are oval, 10 mm long and 4–8 mm broad, with a toothed margin; leaves higher on the stems are slender and sometimes untoothed.
The flowers are blue to violet in wild plants, with a five-lobed corolla 8–20 mm across; they are produced in loose panicles. About 0.5 to 4.5 inches long inflorescence stems are about 5 inches long, loose racemose inflorescences with many flowers. The hermaphrodite flower is zygomorphic with a length of up to 1 centimeter and quinate with double perianth. The five sepals are fused. The fan-shaped lower lip is trilobed. The color of the crown varies depending on the variety between white, blue, purple, pink or red and the center is yellow or white. The five stamens are 3 to 7 millimeters long.
The fruit is a 5–8 mm capsule containing numerous small seeds.

## Range

The distribution area lies in southern Africa and extends from Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe to the south to Botswana, Namibia, Eswatini, Lesotho and the South African provinces. L. erinus also occurs as a weed where it has escaped from cultivation.

## Cultivation and uses

Lobelia erinus is a very popular edging plant in gardens, especially for hanging baskets and window boxes. In temperate zones it is grown as a half-hardy annual, i.e. sown under glass with some heat in spring, then planted out when all danger of frost has passed. Alternatively plants can be purchased from garden centres as young "plug" plants, to be transferred outside in May or June.

### Cultivars

Numerous cultivars have been selected, either with a bushy or a trailing habit, in a wide range of flower colours, including white, pink, magenta ("red"), pale to dark blue, and purple, often with a prominent white eye. Some of the better known cultivars include 'Blue Moon', 'Gracilis', 'Crystal Palace', 'Sapphire', 'Rosamund' and 'Riviera Rose'.
In the United Kingdom the following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:
* 'Cambridge Blue'
* Cascade Series
* 'Colour Cascade'
* 'Crystal Palace'
* 'Mrs Clibran'
* Purple Star=‘Westpurstar’
* 'Regatta Midnight Blue'
* 'Regatta Sky Blue'
* 'Richardii' syn. Lobelia richardsonii
* 'Riviera Blue Eyes'
* 'String of Pearls'
* Techno Heat Trailing Light Blue Improved=‘Lobstrahob’
* Waterfall Blue=‘Balobwablu’ (Waterfall Series)

## Gallery

* 'Cambridge Blue'
* Illustration
* 'Riviera Rose'
* 'Sapphire'
# Lobelia gaudichaudii

Lobelia gaudichaudii is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name Koolau Range lobelia. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Oahu.
There are two subspecies of the plant. One, ssp. koolauensis, is limited to five populations with a total of 252 individuals, and is listed as an endangered species by the US government.
The tubular flower is up to 75 centimeters long and may be any of several shades of red, greenish, yellowish, or white.