OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mao's China and After

Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic is a book by Maurice Meisner. It is a revision of Mao's China: A History of the People's Republic (1977).
Meisner often found his work needed fundamental revision. The first edition of his book was finished just a few weeks before Mao Zedong's death in 1976. A second edition, published in 1986 as Mao's China and After. The book also analyzed the changes that happened with the reforms of Deng Xiaoping. A third edition, published in 1999, studied the origins and consequences of Chinese capitalism.
Rebecca Karl wrote "[h]aving taught his Mao's China and After, I knew that a theoretically coherent and analytically challenging text was possible to use in the classroom."
# Nicholas–Lang House

The Nicholas–Lang House is a house located in southwest Portland, Oregon listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
# Kengkhar Gewog

Kengkhar Gewog (Dzongkha: སྐྱེངས་མཁར་) is a gewog (village block) of Mongar District, Bhutan.
# Rüdiger Reiche

Rüdiger Reiche (born 27 March 1955) is a retired German rower and a 1976 Olympic champion in the quadruple sculls. Between 1974 and 1985 he won eight medals in single, double and quadruple scull events at the world championships, including two gold medals. After retiring from competitions he worked as a rowing coach at the club and national levels, training Daniel Haudoerfer and Hubert Trzybinski.
# Konstantin Rodko

Konstantin Rodko (24 August 1908 – 30 September 1995) was a Latvian painter who was based in the United States. Rodko's parents were Belarusian and Estonian. He married his first wife in Latvia and had four children. During World War II they had lived in Germany until they were able to leave from Bremerhaven on 19 August 1950 on the USS General Harry Taylor, and arrived in New York City four days later. It was in America his painting talents came to prominence and sold them on the streets of New York. Rodko lived in Brooklyn with his children and then divorced his first wife and remarried a woman by the name of Kate Dennison. She too was a painter and the couple sold their works alongside each other.
They moved to Sea Cliff, Long Island, a close neighbor to Glen Cove. There he lived on the second floor of a Russian school. His second wife made many miniature paintings and Rodko painted his best works there. He would sell and give paintings as gifts to his four children. He also loved to play and listen to Russian gypsy music and folk music, paint Russian scenes and speak Russian, which is why many thought he was Russian. He was a multi-instrumentalist, and Kate was a tailor who loved her cats. She considered the animals as her children (she never had children with Rodko) but she adopted his children from his previous relationship. Rodko had seven grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. Toward the end of the 1980s, Rodko moved to Brentwood, Long Island until Kate died of a stroke in 1984.
Rodko then returned to Glen Cove where he met his third wife in the house she owned, and he rented the upstairs apartment. It was that home in a small basement that his last art studio existed. He became sick and also had a stroke which led to his death in 1995.
Unfortunately, the paintings that he left in the home were sold off and never given to his children but works are in private collections with his family. He is survived by two daughters that live in New England and two sons that live in Florida. Many of his grandchildren and great-grand children still live in the New York area.
# Henry Ibbotson

Henry Ibbotson (1816? – 12 February 1886 in York), was an English botanist.
Ibbotson was a schoolmaster successively at Mowthorpe, near Castle Howard, at Dunnington, and at Grimthorpe, near Whitwell, all in Yorkshire. He was an industrious student of botany, but passed his last years in great penury, earning a scanty living by digging officinal roots for the druggists.
Ibbotson was an active contributor to Baines's "Flora of Yorkshire" (1840), to its supplement (1854), and to John Gilbert Baker's "North Yorkshire" (1863). He wrote a pamphlet on the ferns of his native county, 1884; but his chief production, a laborious compilation of all the synonyms of British plants known to him, entitled 'A Catalogue of the Phænogamous Plants of Great Britain,' came out in parts, from 1846 to 1848. He also distributed sets of the rarer plants of the northern counties; his collections obtained high praise from Sir William Joseph Hooker.
# Mabja Jangchub Tsöndrü

Mabja Jangchub Tsöndrü (Tib. རྨ་བྱ་བྱང་ཆུབ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་, Wyl. rma bya byang chub brtson 'grus, d. 1185) was an influential 12th century Tibetan Buddhist Madhyamaka scholar. He is known for his "Ornament of Reason", an important commentary on Nagarjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā.

## Overview

Mabja was a disciple of Kadampa scholars of Sangphu monastery such as Patsab Nyima Drak and Chapa Chökyi Seng-ge (1109-1169) as well as of the Indian Madhyamaka Jayānanda. Unlike Chapa, Mabja followed Patsab in embracing the philosophy of Candrakirti, but he also embraced the close study of Buddhist epistemology of pramāṇa (epistemic warrants, reliable means of cognition), which he saw as achievable and necessary.
According to Adam C. Krug:
   "Mabja attempts to salvage Buddhist pramāṇa from the kind of categorical rejection leveled by Jayānanda and Patsab by maintaining a radical fallibilism with respect to the status of appearances. He rejects all notions that pramāṇas are related to their objects “by the force of fact” (Skt. vastubalapravṛtti, Tib. dngos po’i stobs zhugs), yet allows for a correct understanding of pramāṇas as relative truth (Skt. saṃvṛtisatya, Tib. kun rdzob bden pa) in light of their basis in a pre-analytic experience of dependent origination."
Mabja also maintained a radical agnosticism regarding the nature and status of Buddhahood.

### Works

Mabja wrote the following works:
* The Ornament of Reason, a commentary on Nagarjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā.
* The Appearance of Reality, Ornament to the Six Collections of Middle Way Reasoning. A series of root verses and a commentary on Madhyamaka reasoning. The work follows Jayānanda’s Logic Hammer (Skt. Tarkamudgara) in some respects.
* A Commentary on Candrakirti's Clear Words (Skt. Prasannapadā)

### Influence

Mabja's Madhyamaka scholarship was very influential on later Tibetan Madhyamikas like Longchenpa, Tsongkhapa, Gorampa, and Mikyö Dorje. All these figures read Mabja and responded to him in different ways, often drawing on his insights. In his Light Rays of the Authentic View, Gorampa even reproduces passages directly taken from Mabja’s Ornament of Reason (without mentioning his source). Similarly, according to Thomas Doctor, Tsongkhapa’s famous critique of svātantrika madhyamaka is mostly a restatement of Mabja's critique (something which Śākya Chokden had pointed out in his critique of Tsongkhapa). Doctor also notes that "Mikyö Dorje declares Mabja to be the central Tibetan authority behind his presentation of the two truths."
# Por que Você Partiu?

Por que você partiu? is a 2013 Brazilian documentary film directed by Eric Belhassen.
The film follows the lives of five chefs of French cuisine who reside in Brazil, based on their family histories. With the chefs Emmanuel Bassoleil, Erick Jacquin, Laurent Suaudeau, Alain Uzan and Frédéric Monnier.
# San Caprasio

San Caprasio is a church in Santa Cruz de la Serós, Jacetania, Spain, in First Romanesque style.

## History

The church is dedicated to St. Caprasius, a 4th-century Gaulish-Roman saint connected to the pilgrims who, during the Middle Ages, ran the Way of Santiago. The town of Santa Cruz de la Serós was located some 3 km (2 mi) from the route.
It was erected in the early 11th-century in Lombard-Romanesque style, perhaps with support of artists and craftsmen from northern Italy. In 1089 the diocese of Jaca gave the church to monastery of San Juan de la Peña, which, for some time, converted it into a priorate.

## Architecture

The church has not undergone substantial modifications since its construction in the 11th century, with the exception of the 12th-century bell tower, which is separated from the interior.
The main body, in stone, has a single nave, with two cross vaults. The apse, of small size, is surmounted by a barrel vault and sided by blind arcades and three windows. The external perimeter also features both columns and blind arcades.

## Gallery

* Interior
* Apse
* Exterior
* Exterior
* Exterior

## Sources

* Aramendía, José Luis (2002). El Romanico en Aragón. Zaragoza: Ediciones Leyere.
# Maighréad Ní Dhomhnaill (album)

Maighréad Ní Dhomhnaill is the début music album by Irish musician Maighréad Ní Dhomhnaill. It was released in Ireland in 1976.

## Track listing

* "Éirigh Suas A Stóirín"
* "Máire An Chúil Óir Bhuí"
* "Fóill, Fóill A Shagairt"
* "Lately Last Night"
* "Here's a Health"
* "Ar A Dhul Go Baile Átha Cliath Dhomh"
* "Róisín Dubh"
* "Amhrán Hiúdaí Phádaí Éamoinn"
* "Barbara Allen"
* "Séan Ó Duibhir An Ghleanna"
# List of bridges in Botswana
## Major bridges

| | Name | Span | Length | Type | Carries Crosses | Opened | Location | District | Ref. |
| 1 | Okavango River Bridge | 200 m (660 ft) | 1,161 m (3,809 ft) | Cable-stayed Composite steel/concrete deck, steel pylons 100+200+100 | Road bridge Okavango River | 2022 | Shakawe–Goa 18°16′22.8″S 21°47′43.4″E﻿ / ﻿18.273000°S 21.795389°E﻿ / -18.273000; 21.795389﻿ (Okavango River Bridge) | North-West District | [S 1] [1] [2] |
| 2 | Kazungula Bridge | 129 m (423 ft) | 923 m (3,028 ft) | Extradosed Concrete box girder deck, 6 concrete pylons Rail-road bridge 54+85+5x129+85+54 | A33 road Mosetse–Kazungula–Livingstone Railway Zambezi | 2020 | Kasane–Kazungula 17°47′28.4″S 25°15′45.0″E﻿ / ﻿17.791222°S 25.262500°E﻿ / -17.791222; 25.262500﻿ (Kazungula Bridge) | Chobe District Zambia | [Note 1] [S 2] [3] [4] |
# Hornstorf

Hornstorf is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
# Henry Pröpper

Lieutenant admiral Henry Pröpper (18 June 1906 – 5 April 1995) was a Dutch military officer who served as Chairman of the United Defence Staff of the Armed Forces of the Netherlands between 1959 and 1962.

## Awards and Badges

Knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Grand Officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau met de zwaarden
Bronze Lion
War Commemorative Cross with three clasps
Officer's Cross with yearmark XXXV
Weddingmedal (Beatrix en Claus)
Grand Cross in the Order of Leopold II
Commander 1st Class in the Order of the Dannebrog
Commander Great Cross of the Order of Homayoun
Commander of the Legion of Merit
Grande-Oficial Order of Naval Merit$^{:p46}$ Tamandaré Merit Medal$^{:p51}$
Commander in the Order of the Sword
* Mentioned in Despatches (MID)...
# Madampi (Nair title)

Madampi (equivalent to Lord in English) is an aristocratic title given to the uppermost subdivisions of Nairs in Kerala, by the Maharajahs of Travancore and Cochin. Usually, it was given in addition to the Pillai title. Madampis served as Jenmis or landlords during the pre-independence era. Their power was severely reduced after the Communist government passed the Land Reforms Ordinance. The title Madampi was also used in Cochin, to denote the 71 Nayar chiefs who ruled under the Maharajah of Cochin. A few Nambuthiri landlord families, most notable of whom being those in Vanjipuzha and Makilanjeri, were also given the Madampi title. In Cochin, the Madampis had their own armies, but seldom numbered more than 100. Their power was only a little bit higher than that of the Desavazhis. Madampis supplied chieftains along with soldiers in times of war to the King.
This title is equivalent to others such as Eshmanan, Eman and Mannadiyar which were used in Cochin and Malabar areas. Other titles used by the Nairs include Kurup, Pillai, Valiathan, Kaimal, Thampi, Chempakaraman, Unnithan, Nambiar, Panicker, Nayanar, Kartha and Menon.
# Pleurobranchus

Pleurobranchus is a genus of sea slugs, specifically side-gill slugs, marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pleurobranchidae.
They typically occur in intertidal and shallow subtidal waters of tropical and subtropical seas worldwide.

## Species

As of November 2021, the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) recognizes following species as valid:
* Pleurobranchus albiguttatus (Bergh, 1905)
* Pleurobranchus areolatus Mörch, 1863 – Atlantic sidegill slug
* Pleurobranchus crossei Vayssière, 1897
* Pleurobranchus digueti Rochebrune, 1895
* Pleurobranchus evelinae T. E. Thompson, 1977
* Pleurobranchus forskalii Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828
* Pleurobranchus grandis Pease, 1868
* Pleurobranchus hilli (Hedley, 1894)
* Pleurobranchus iouspi Ev. Marcus, 1984
* Pleurobranchus lacteus Dall & Simpson, 1901
* Pleurobranchus mamillatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832
* Pleurobranchus membranaceus (Montagu, 1816)
* Pleurobranchus nigropunctatus (Bergh, 1907)
* Pleurobranchus niveus (A. E. Verrill, 1901)
* Pleurobranchus obeses K. M. White, 1946
* Pleurobranchus peronii Cuvier, 1804
* Pleurobranchus reticulatus Rang, 1832
* Pleurobranchus semperi (Vayssière, 1896)
* Pleurobranchus sishaensis (Zhang & Lin, 1965)
* Pleurobranchus testudinarius Cantraine, 1835
* Pleurobranchus varians Pease, 1860
* Pleurobranchus weberi (Bergh, 1905)
Goodheart et al. (2015) recognized 14 valid species, while Alvim & Pimenta (2016) recognized one other species.
# Marcel Hensema

Marcel Hensema (born 16 April 1970) is a Dutch film actor. He appeared in more than seventy films since 1993. In 2007 he won the Golden Calf for Best Actor for his role in the movie Wild Romance.

## Selected filmography

Film :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 1996 | Punk Lawyer | Pixley |
| 2000 | Total Loss | |
| 2004 | Simon | Camiel Vrolijk |
| 2004 | 06/05 | Wester |
| 2005 | Medea | Matthijs |
| 2007 | Timboektoe | Jean |
| 2010 | The Happy Housewife | Beau |
| 2010 | Fuchsia the Mini-Witch | Oom Rogier |
| 2011 | Sonny Boy | Willem |
| 2012 | De Marathon | Nico |
| 2015 | Bloed, zweet & tranen | John Kraaijkamp Sr. |
| 2016 | In My Father's Garden | Jozef Mieras |
Television :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2016 | Notruf Hafenkante – Freiheit | Til Schilling | |
| 2016 | Tokyo Trial | Bert Röling | |
# Nicholas Camusat

Nicholas Camusat was a French historian born in Troyes in 1575, and died in 1655. His works are:
* Chronologia ab origine orbis, usque ad ann. 1200. 4to.
* Promptuarium sacrarum antiquitatum Tricassinae diocesis, 1610, 8vo.
* Historia Albigensium, 1615.
* Meslanges Historiques, 1619, 8vo.
Francis Camusat, another historian, was his great-nephew.
This article incorporates text from Watkins Biographical Dictionary, a publication now in the public domain.
* This article about a French historian or genealogist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Maignan

Maignan is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Albert Maignan (1845–1908), French painter and illustrator
* Emmanuel Maignan (1601–1676), French physicist and Catholic theologian
* Gilles Maignan (born 1968), French cyclist
* Mike Maignan (born 1995), French association football player
# Rüdiger Rainer Minor

Rüdiger Rainer Minor (1939-2017) was a German bishop of the United Methodist Church, elected in 1986. He was born 22 February 1939 in Leipzig, Germany, the son of a Methodist family. He went to school and university in his home city. He is a graduate of Karl Marx University, Leipzig (Dr. Theol. and Dr. Theol. Habil., 1968) and of the United Methodist Theological Seminary in Bad Klosterlausnitz, Germany. He married Gerlinde Johanna Müller on 24 October 1964. They have three children: Mechthild Barbara, Bertram Christoph, and Friedrun Susanne, as well as nine grandchildren. He died 3 September 2017.
Rüdiger joined the Middle Germany Annual Conference in 1964 and was appointed assistant minister at Plauen. He was ordained elder by Bishop Friedrich Wunderlich in 1966. While pastoring in Jena (1970–76) he became a part-time faculty member at the United Methodist Theological Seminary in Bad Klosterlausnitz. He was appointed full-time faculty in 1976, and served as the director of the seminary, 1984–86. On 22 May 1986 he was elected bishop by the Central Conference in the German Democratic Republic and was assigned to the Dresden Episcopal Area. In 1992 he was assigned to the Commonwealth of Independent States. He was elected bishop for the Eurasia Area by the North European Central Conference in 1993.
Minor was a delegate to the 1980 General Conference of the U.M. Church. He was a member of the U.M. General Council on Ministries (1980–86), and of the World Methodist Historical Society beginning in 1973, serving on its executive committee (1976–86) and as a vice-president for Europe (1986–91).
# Kock's mouse-eared bat

Kock's mouse-eared bat (Myotis dieteri) is a species of mouse-eared bat found in the Republic of the Congo.
Kock's mouse-eared bat was described as a new species in 2005 by Meredith Happold. The holotype had been collected in a limestone cave by Jean-Paul Adam some time between 1961–1968. The eponym for the species name dieteri is German mammalogist Dieter Kock.
# Kathleen Vellacott-Jones

Kathleen Vellacott-Jones (1907–1972) was a British-Canadian journalist and photographer who reported for British and Australian news services and published articles and photographs on behalf of the Territory of Papua New Guinea.

## Early life

Kathleen Emma Jones, (usually known as Kathleen or Kate Vellacott-Jones), was born in Frome, Somerset, England on September 21, 1907, the daughter of Philip Jones and his second wife Ellen. The family emigrated to Canada in 1921–22 to improve her father's health with the intention of farming land in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan. Kathleen spent her vacations in the nearby Canadian Rockies, using these experiences as sources for her newspaper articles. She returned to England in the late 1920s to attend university and pursue journalism as a career.

## Move to Australia and wartime service

Vellacott-Jones travelled to Australia in 1937 and worked as a journalist for many Queensland newspapers as well as doing radio work for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). Many of her articles and talks for radio described the differences between Canada and Australia. Following the declaration of war in 1939, Vellacott-Jones returned to London where she continued to submit articles for Australian newspapers detailing the war effort and wrote for a number of British daily newspapers. She returned to Australia after 1940, volunteering as a fruit picker during vacation and was a regular contributor to Australian radio programs. In 1945 she joined the British Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (WAS) as a second lieutenant and worked extensively in Burma and Japan until 1946. She published a book, Ticket to Burma in 1952, detailing her experiences as part of the WAS during the latter part of World War II.

## Work in Papua New Guinea

Vellacott-Jones took up a position with the ABC's Papua New Guinea office in 1949. She was one of the first women to hike the Kokoda Track following the end of World War II. She was on site to report the news when Mt Lamington in PNG erupted in 1951. From 1953-1965 she was in charge of Public Relations for the Territory of Papua New Guinea as it moved towards independence. In this role she published news for the Australian and British press and took extensive photographs of the region, in particular the highlands of the Tari community.

## Legacy

Kathleen Vellacott-Jones returned to England to live. She died in Nottingham, England on November 5, 1972. She did not marry and was survived by a number of siblings and her extended family. Vellacott-Jones’ extensive photographic collection and some films from her time reporting for the PNG government are lodged in the University of Queensland Library in the manuscript collection of Fryer Library.
# Macroxiphus

Macroxiphus is a small genus of bush crickets or katydids distributed in Southeast Asia and Micronesia. The nymphs (immature stages) of the insects mimic ants.

## Species

Species include:
* Macroxiphus nasicornis Pictet, 1888 - type species
* Macroxiphus sumatranus (Haan, 1843)

## Camouflage and mimicry

Young instars of Macroxiphus, such as M. sumatranus, have an "uncanny resemblance" to ants, extending to their black coloration, remarkably perfect antlike shape, and convincingly antlike behaviour. Their long antennae are camouflaged to appear short, being black only at the base, and they are vibrated like ant antennae. Larger instars suddenly change into typical-looking katydids, and are entirely nocturnal, while the adult has bright warning coloration.
# Port of Sillamäe

Port of Sillamäe (port code EE SLM, Estonian: Sillamäe Sadam, Russian: Порт Силламяэ) is the second largest commercial port in Estonia.

## Overview

Port of Sillamäe is a universal port capable of handling all types of cargo, including liquid, bulk, general cargo, container, ro-ro and project cargo, as well as serve the passengers.
The port is located on the shores of Narva Bay at coordinates 59°25′16″N 27°44′21″E﻿ / ﻿59.421010°N 27.739211°E﻿ / 59.421010; 27.739211. The depth in the port reaches from 13 meters (BK77) to 16.5 meters (BK77). This allows the port to receive and service all vessels that are able to pass through the Danish straits.
The sea channel is a semi-restricted (dredged in shallow water) single-line channel classified as Group A Channel – supplied with day and night navigational aids as well as providing guaranteed depths of 16,5 m (BK77).
Ice conditions in the port are favorable for all-year-round navigation and no ice breaking is needed in an average winter.

## Operations

The port opened for navigation in 2005, has 15 berths with a total length of 3 km, as well as its own railway station with a total length of railroads more than 30 km. Tracks gauge is 1520 mm.
There are four terminals in the port:
* Alexela Sillamäe - dark oil products and shale oil;
* DBT - liquid mineral fertilizers;
* Silsteve - containers, general, bulk and project cargoes, ro-ro cargoes;
* EuroChem Terminal Sillamäe - liquid chemical products.
The port is powered by Silpower's own heat and power station.
The landlord type of port with 750-hectares has created in the Sillamäe Free Zone Area an Industrial Park with 69 different enterprises, which together form a cluster of the port of Sillamäe.
The port has an international ISPS security certificate.
The port's cargo turnover is about 10 million tons (2019).
# Platinum on carbon

Platinum on carbon, often referred to as Pt/C, is a form of platinum used as a catalyst. The metal is supported on activated carbon in order to maximize its surface area and activity.

## Uses
### Catalytic hydrogenation

Platinum on carbon is used for catalytic hydrogenations in organic synthesis. Examples include carbonyl reduction, nitro compound reduction, secondary amine production via nitrile reduction, and the production of saturated heterocycles from their respective aromatic compound precursors.

## Preparation

An aqueous solution of activated carbon and chloroplatinic acid is heated on a water bath for a few hours at 50°C, and after cooling, the solution is then made alkaline using sodium carbonate. The chloroplatinic acid is then reduced with hydrazine hydrate; however, this step is sometimes omitted in other preparations. After additional 2 hours of warming, the solution is filtered, washed with distilled water, and dried over calcium chloride to yield the catalyst. Platinum loading is typically between 5% and 10%.