OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jeanette Solstad Remø

Jeanette Solstad Remø is a Norwegian transgender woman human rights defender.

## Early life

Jeanette Solstad Remø was born in the 1950s. Remø left home at 17 and married in her early twenties. She and her wife had a son. Remø later enlisted in the Navy and became a Captain at 27.

## Activism

Remø joined the Norwegian Association for Transgender people (FTP-N) in 1986. She came out as a transgender woman in 2010. At the time, she was able to change her legal name but not her legal gender. From the 1970s until 2015, transgender people in Norway were able to obtain legal recognition of their gender on the basis of compulsory treatments, including gender affirming surgery and removal of reproductive organs, resulting in irreversible sterilization. Trans people seeking legal gender recognition were required to obtain a psychiatric diagnosis stating that they suffer from a mental disorder. Remø rejected these terms. As a result, she could not obtain identity papers that recognised her identity as a woman.
As an activist, Remø used the name "John Jeanette" to highlight the discrimination Norwegian transgender people faced in accessing legal gender recognition. She actively campaigned for an end to the policy. In 2014, her personal story was included in Amnesty International's "Write for Rights" campaign, and she was supported by thousands worldwide.

## Policy change

On 10 April 2015, the Norwegian Ministry of Health’s Expert Committee on legal gender recognition presented its recommendations and recommended the policy be amended. On 6 June 2016, the Norwegian Parliament approved a new law regulating gender recognition based on self-determination, which came into force on 1 July 2016. The law removed all requirements for psychiatric diagnosis, medical interventions including surgeries and sterilization; this process is accessible to all above age 16 and with consent from at least one parent for people aged 6 to 15.
# Lethe anthedon

Lethe anthedon, the northern pearly-eye, is a species of butterfly of the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in North America, from central Saskatchewan and eastern Nebraska east to Nova Scotia, south to central Alabama and Mississippi.
The MONA or Hodges number for Lethe anthedon is 4568.1.

## Description

The wingspan is 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 inches (43–67 mm.) The upperside is brown with dark eyespots and the underside is brown. Adults feed on dung, fungi, carrion and sap from willows, poplars, and birches.
The larvae feed on various grasses, including Leersia virginica, Erianthus species, Muhlenbergia species, bearded shortgrass (Brachyelytrum erectum), Chasmanthium latifolium, bottlebrush grass (Hystrix patula), and false melic grass (Schizachne purpurascens). The host plants of a northern population include sedges (Carex species).
The species overwinters in the larval stage.

## Gallery

* Northern Pearly-eye in Occoquan Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Woodbridge, Virginia
* Dorsal view
* Ventral view
* Larva

## Subspecies

* Lethe anthedon anthedon (A. Clark, 1936)
* Lethe anthedon borealis (A. Clark, 1936)

## Similar species

* Satyrodes appalachia / Lethe appalachia (R. L. Chermock, 1947) – Appalachian brown
* Satyrodes eurydice [Lethe eurydice] (Linnaeus, 1763) – eyed brown
# List of things named after Josiah W. Gibbs

Things named after American scientist Josiah Willard Gibbs:
* Gibbs algorithm
* Gibbs canonical ensemble
* Gibbs distribution
* Gibbs elasticity
* Gibbs ensemble
* Gibbs entropy
* Gibbs free energy
* Gibbs H-theorem
* Gibbs' inequality
* Gibbs isotherm
* Gibbs lemma
* Gibbs measure
** Gibbs random field
* Gibbs phase rule
* Gibbs paradox
* Gibbs phenomenon
* Gibbs sampling
* Gibbs state
* Gibbs's thermodynamic surface
* Gibbs vector
* Gibbs–Appell equation of motion
* Gibbs–Donnan effect
* Gibbs–Duhem equation
* Gibbs–Helmholtz equation
* Gibbs–Marangoni effect
* Gibbs–Thomson effect
* Gibbs–Thomson equation
* Gibbs–Wulff theorem
* Massieu–Gibbs function

## Heavenly bodies

* 2937 Gibbs (asteroid)
* Gibbs (crater)

## Other honours

* Gibbs Society of Biological Thermodynamics
* Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship
* Willard Gibbs Award
# Nabila El-Nabulsi

Nabila El-Nabulsi (Arabic: نبيلة النابلسي) was a prominent Syrian actress who gained recognition during the 1970s, and attained iconic status in the Syrian film industry due to her captivating beauty. She is particularly renowned for her memorable portrayal in the acclaimed film "Men Under the Sun" (1970).

## Early life

Born into a Syrian family with Palestinian roots.

## Personal life

She faced tough times early in life after losing her father at a young age.

## Death

On June 29, 2010, she died following a battle with illness.

## Acting career

At the age of thirteen, she started working as a typist and later pursued a career as a nurse for two years. Subsequently, she transitioned into acting, initially appearing in commercial advertisements shown in cinemas before films starting in 1970. Notably, film director Nabil Maleh was impressed by her performance in these ads and cast her as a poor, pregnant farmer in the movie "Men Under the Sun," alongside Youssef Hanna and Khaled Taja. After a hiatus in the mid-seventies, she returned to work, this time in television, following the success of the film, which led to numerous offers.

## Filmography

* Men Under the Sun (1970)
* A Woman Who Lives Alone (1971)
* Distressed Youth (1972)
* Love Trip (1972)
* Another Face of Love (1973)
* My Blood, My Tears and My Smile (1973)
* Troublemaker (1974)
* Women for the Winter (1974)
* Jewels Of James Bond (1974)
* Girls for Love (1974)
* Goodbye... Age of Silence (1986)
* Minor's Love (1986)
* Short Paths (1986)
* The Orphan (1988)
* The Fire (1988)
* For You, Levant (1989)
* The Reward (1989)
* When the Fog Clears (1990)
* Cave Of Morocco (1991)
* The Twin (1991)
* Kamel's Father (1991)
* Face to Face (1992)
* Naji El Ali (1992)
* Fezzes (1992)
* The Bride (1992)
* The Homeless (1992)
* The Alternative (1992)
* That Flower (1993)
* The Help-Seeker (1993)
* Al-Quishani Bathroom S1 (1994)
* Father Of Jassem's Children (1994)
* The Castle Of Al-Fakhar (1995)
* The Last Moment (1996)
* Dreams Of The Father Of Hana (1996)
* Al-Quishani Bathroom S2 (1997)
* The Fugitive (1997)
* I'm No Longer a Child (1998)
* The Tuwaibi (1996)
* Soil Brothers S2 (1998)
* Four Seasons S1 (1999)
* Hearts in the Balance (2000)
* Congratulations (2001)
* Orchard Of Death (2001)
* Me And My Children (2001)
* The Black Wall (2001)
* Action (2001)
* Dreams That Never Die (2001)
* A Mother To Be (2002)
* Four Seasons S2 (2002)
* The Insightful One (2002)
* Migrating Souls (2002)
* Law, However (2003)
* Modern Grooms (2003)
* Letters Written by the Rain (2003)
* House of Glory (2003)
* Spotlight S3 (2003)
* Woman In the Shadow (2003)
* Nights of Al-Salihiyah (2004)
* People of the city (2004)
* The Road (2004)
* The White Thread (2004)
* Stories And Secrets (2005)
* Spotlight S5 (2005)
* Mothers (2005)
* Beauties of Paradise (2005)
* The Dew of Days (2006)
* Basswood (2006)
* Hidden Grudges (2006)
* Another Dawn (2007)
* Love Story (2007)
* Messages of Love and War (2007)
* The Fugitive (2007)
* Another Rainy Day (2008)
* We're Married (2008)
* Not a Mirage (2008)
* Partners Sharing the Devastation (2008)
* Residents of Qaymariyya (2008)
# William of Soissons

William of Soissons; French: Guillaume de Soissons; was a French logician who lived in Paris in the 12th century. He belonged to a school of logicians, called the Parvipontians.

## William of Soissons fundamental logical problem and solution

William of Soissons seems to have been the first one to answer the question, "Why is a contradiction not accepted in logic reasoning?" by the principle of explosion. Exposing a contradiction was already in the ancient days of Plato a way of showing that some reasoning was wrong, but there was no explicit argument as to why contradictions were incorrect. William of Soissons gave a proof in which he showed that from a contradiction any assertion can be inferred as true. In example from: It is raining (P) and it is not raining (¬P) you may infer that there are trees on the moon (or whatever else)(E). In symbolic language: P & ¬P → E.
If a contradiction makes anything true then it makes it impossible to say anything meaningful: whatever you say, its contradiction is also true.

## C. I. Lewis's reconstruction of his proof

William's contemporaries compared his proof with a siege engine (12th century). Clarence Irving Lewis formalized this proof as follows:
Proof
* V : or
* & : and
* → : inference
* P : proposition
* ¬ P : denial of P
* P &¬ P : contradiction.
* E : any possible assertion (Explosion).

## Acceptance and criticism in later ages

In the 15th century this proof was rejected by a school in Cologne. They didn't accept step (6). In 19th-century classical logic, the Principle of Explosion was widely accepted as self-evident, e.g. by logicians like George Boole and Gottlob Frege, though the formalization of the Soissons proof by Lewis provided additional grounding for the Principle of Explosion.
# Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr

Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr (27 September 1677 – 1 December 1750) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer. (His surname is also spelled Doppelmayer and Doppelmair.)

## Professional life and publications

He was born in Nuremberg, the son of the merchant Johann Siegmund Doppelmayr. He entered the Aegidien-Gymnasium in Nuremberg in 1689, then the University of Altdorf in 1696. His studies included mathematics, physics, and jurisprudence. Later he continued his studies in Halle and graduated in 1698 with a dissertation on the Sun.
During studying at the University of Halle, he also learned French and Italian. After giving up his legal studies he then spent two years travelling and studying in Germany, Holland, and England, spending time at Utrecht, Leiden, Oxford, and London, during which time he learned to speak French, Italian, and English. He continued to study astronomy and learned to grind and figure his own telescope lenses.
His career was academic, and he became professor of mathematics at the Aegidien-Gymnasium from 1704 until his death. He is not noted for any discoveries, but he did publish several works of a scientific nature. His publications covered topics on mathematics and astronomy, including sundials, spherical trigonometry, and celestial maps and globes. One of his works also included useful biographical information on several hundred mathematicians and instrument makers of Nuremberg.
Doppelmayr developed a close relationship with the Dominican friar and cartographer Johann Batist Homann, the founder of a famous cartographic publishing firm. In the early 1700s, Doppelmayr prepared a number of astronomical plates that had appeared in Homann's atlases, which in 1742 were collected and issued as the Atlas Coelestis in quo Mundus Spectabilis... The atlas contained 30 plates, 20 of which treated astronomical themes and historical development, including Copernicus's and Tycho Brahe's cosmological systems, illustration of planetary motion and the Solar System, and a detail of the Moon's surface based on telescopic advances. The remaining ten plates were actual star charts, including hemispheres centered on the equatorial poles. Two other plates were hemispheres centered on the ecliptic poles with an external orientation (i.e., representing the stars as if seen from the outside looking in, as opposed to from the perspective of an earth observer, the preferred orientation for modern celestial maps), featuring contemporary illustrations of European observatories, which Doppelmayr visited during his travels.

## Personal life

Doppelmayr married Susanna Maria Kellner in 1716. The couple had four children of whom one survived. Doppelmayr became a member of several scientific societies, notably the Berlin Academy, the Royal Society in 1733, and the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1740).

## Legacy

The crater Doppelmayer on the Moon was named after him by Johann Hieronymus Schröter in 1791. The minor planet 12622 Doppelmayr is also named in his honour.
# Justin Lee (actor)

Justin Lee (born September 26, 1989) is an American actor known for his role as Annyong Bluth in the satirical sitcom series Arrested Development.

## Early life

Justin Lee, the middle child of three siblings, was born in Los Angeles, California on September 30, 1989, of Korean descent. Lee attended Tesoro High School in Las Flores, California, and graduated from Sunny Hills High School in 2007.

## Career

Lee began his career in 2004 as Hel-loh "Annyong" Bluth, the adopted Korean son of Lucille and George Bluth in the Fox sitcom Arrested Development.
In 2007, Lee played the role of Todd in the Wendelin Van Draanen-based made-for-TV movie Shredderman Rules. Lee appeared in the independent film Just Peck which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in 2009. He also had a recurring role on the ABC Family television series 10 Things I Hate About You, portraying Charlie "The Perv" Woo.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2009 | Just Peck | Jun | |
| 2014 | The Interview | Squad Leader | |
| 2017 | 30-Love | Johnnie | |
| 2021 | Inside the Circle | Justin | Completed |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2003, 2005 | The Bernie Mac Show | Killa From Manila | 2 episodes |
| 2004–2013 | Arrested Development | Annyong Bluth | 12 episodes |
| 2007 | Shredderman Rules | Todd | Television film |
| 2009–2010 | 10 Things I Hate About You | Charlie Woo | 3 episodes |
| 2011 | Shameless | Warren | Episode: "Killer Carl" |
| 2012–2013 | One Warm Night | Jonathan | 9 episodes |
| 2017 | Tales of Titans | Alt Trash | 6 episodes |
| 2017 | Get Shorty | Henry Choi | 2 episodes |
| 2019 | Sneaky Pete | Tuan | 3 episodes |
| 2019 | Artificial Uncovered | Justin | 14 episodes; Twitch TV series |
| 2019–2020 | Artificial | Justin | 14 episodes; Twitch TV series |
| 2020 | Sneakerheads | Cole | 4 episodes |
# Pregnanetriolone

Pregnanetriolone, or 11-ketopregnanetriol, is a steroid hormone.

## Clinical significance

There is no or little urinare excretion of pregnanetriolone in the urine in healthy people.
Pregnanetriolone is a metabolite of 21-deoxycortisol.
In patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH), the daily excretion exceeds 100 μg. ACTH stimulation increased excrement even further. It has been concluded since at least 1974 that the excretion of pregnenolone in urine after ACTH stimulation test can help detect heterozygous carriers of congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency (non-classical forms of CAH). These conclusions were confirmed by later studies.
Pregnanetriolone can be used as a marker screening and for monitoring of treatment in infants with classical forms of CAH.
# Public holidays in Chad

    This is a list of public holidays in Chad.
| Date | English name | Comments |
| 1 January | New Year's Day | |
| 8 March | International Women's Day | |
| March or April | Easter Monday | |
| 1 May | Labour Day | |
| 11 August | Independence Day | From France, 1960. |
| 1 November | All Saints Day | |
| 28 November | Republic Day | Autonomy within the French Community, 1959. |
| 1 December | Freedom and Democracy Day | Idriss Déby became the President of Chad on this day in 1990. |
| 25 December | Christmas Day | |
| 12 Rabiʽ al-Awwal | Mawlid | Prophet Muhammad's Birthday. |
| 1 Shawwal | Eid al-Fitr | End of Ramadan; Muslim Festival of Breaking the Fast. |
| 10 Dhu al-Hijjah | Eid al-Adha | Muslim Feast of the Sacrifice. |
December 1, "Freedom and Democracy Day", remembers December 1, 1990 and celebrates the ascent of President Idriss Déby to power.
March 8 is celebrated as "International Women's Day"—La Journee Internationale de la Femme—and marks the culmination of a national week of activities (la Semaine Nationale de la Femme Tchadienne, or "SENAFET") celebrating women. Observations of "huit mars", as it is known locally in French, vary from town to town, ranging from small ceremonies or a day off school for girls only to a week of events that includes races, contests and expositions by women’s groups and ends with parades and community-wide celebrations.
# Jeanne Samary

Jeanne Samary (4 March 1857 as Léontine Pauline Jeanne Samary in Neuilly-sur-Seine – 18 September 1890 in Paris) was a French actress at the Comédie-Française and a model for Auguste Renoir, including for Renoir's 1881 painting, Luncheon of the Boating Party.
Between the years 1871–1874, Jeanne Samary attended the Paris drama school and passed with distinction. In 1874, she became a member of the Comédie-Française and debuted on 24 August 1874 as Dorine in Tartuffe by Molière. Jeanne Samary excelled in numerous roles in the comedies, but also in parts of Édouard Pailleron (L'Étincelle; La Monde ou l'on s'ennuie).
Renoir painted Samary around a dozen times between the years 1877–1881; Louise Abbéma painted her twice.
In 1880, she married Paul Lagarde, with whom she had three children. Shortly before her death she wrote a children's book titled Les gourmandises de Charlotte for their children. She died in 1890 of typhoid fever, and was buried in the Passy Cemetery.
* Portrait of Jeanne Samary, by Louise Abbéma (ca. 1880)
* Portrait of Jeanne Samary by Renoir (1878), Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia
* Samary's grave in Passy Cemetery
* Renoir portrait of Jeanne Samary 1877
# William Andleby

William Andleby (Anlaby) (executed at York, 4 July 1597) was an English Roman Catholic priest. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929.

## Life

William Andleby was born in Etton, Yorkshire, into a gentry family. At 25 he went to the Netherlands to take part in the Dutch war. He visited Douay College out of curiosity and met William Allen; a discussion led to his conversion, and eventually Andleby became a Catholic priest, being ordained 23 March 1577, along with Ralph Sherwin. Andleby returned to England in April 1578.
At first he worked alone. According to Challoner, "For the first four years of his mission he travelled always on foot, meanly attired, and carrying with him usually in a bag his vestments and other things for saying Mass; for his labours lay chiefly among the poor, who were not shocked with such things."
Later Andleby acquired a horse, and around 1587 worked with another Douai priest and native of the Riding, William Atkinson. They travelled widely from Richmond through York to Howden, Hemingbrough and Hull. He is known to have taken his ministry to Robert Tyrwhitt, in Lincolnshire, and also to the Catholic prisoners in Kingston upon Hull's blockhouse.
In 1597, he was arrested and condemned as a Catholic priest. He was executed at York with three laymen: Henry Abbot, Thomas Warcop, and Edward Fulthrop.
# Live (Eurythmics video)

Eurythmics Live is a live concert video by the British pop/rock duo Eurythmics, filmed during their Revenge Tour at Sydney Entertainment Centre in Sydney, Australia on 14 February 1987.

## Track listing

The intro and some segments in between songs feature the band filmed in a studio, including Patrick Seymour's keyboard intro to "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" and Jimmy 'Z' Zavala's harmonica intro to "Missionary Man".
* It Could Be the Future (spoken word prologue, shot in a studio)
* "Sexcrime (1984)"
* "Let's Go"
* "The Last Time"
* "Here Comes the Rain Again"
* "It's Alright (Baby's Coming Back)"
* "When Tomorrow Comes"
* "There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart)"
* "Who's That Girl?"
* "Right by Your Side"
* "Thorn in My Side"
* "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)"
* "Would I Lie to You?" / "Day Tripper" (medley)
* "Missionary Man"
* "Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves"
* "The Miracle of Love"
* End credits - "The Miracle of Love" (instrumental studio version)
The video omits the following songs that were performed during the concert:
* "I Love You Like a Ball and Chain" (originally performed after "Let's Go")
* "Conditioned Soul" (originally performed after "Who's That Girl?").

## Songs issued on records

* "Here Comes the Rain Again" was included on the CD single "You Have Placed a Chill in My Heart" (1988).
* "There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart)" was included on the CD single for "Shame" (1987).
* "Missionary Man" was included on the album Eurythmics Live 1983–1989 (1993) and the CD single for "I Need a Man" (1988).
* "The Miracle of Love" was included on the album Eurythmics Live 1983–1989 (1993), though were incorrectly credited on it as recorded in Paris in September 1989. On the CD version, the track has been truncated, removing a short speech by Annie Lennox.

## Formats

* VHS Videotape
* LaserDisc
** UK PAL
** US NTSC
** Japan NTSC
* DVD
** Brazil (FanFasq label)
** Argentina (Garra Media label, 2011)
# NTP binding site

An NTP binding site is a type of binding site found in nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinases, N can be adenosine or guanosine. A P-loop is one of the structural motifs common for nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) binding sites, it interacts with the bound nucleotide's phosphoryl groups. For the binding site to be able to bind a nucleotide, the nucleotide must be complex bound to Mg$^{2+}$ or Mn$^{2+}$. Nucleotide binding will cause conformational changes in the protein because the P-loop will bend.
NTP binding sites play a role in poliovirus RNA replication. On the poliovirus RNA-dependent polymerase, also known as 3D$^{pol}$, there are two binding sites. Both binding sites contain lysine residues; however, only the lysine at position 61 is essential for RNA sequence elongation as part of the replication process. Additionally, a method known as computational alanine mutagenesis, has been used to find the key portions within the amino acid sequences that majorly characterize a particular NTP binding site; these regions within the sequence are conserved.
# William O. Hotchkiss

William Otis Hotchkiss (September 17, 1878 – June 20, 1954) was the third president of Michigan Technological University and the tenth president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

## Biography

He was born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin on September 17, 1878. He earned a geology degree in 1903, a civil engineering degree in 1908 and a Ph.D. in 1916, all from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
He served as state geologist in Wisconsin from 1909 to 1925. He wrote publications including Rural Highways of Wisconsin, Limestone Road Materials of Wisconsin, and Geological and Road Map of Wisconsin and served on several state and federal geology committees, as well as president of the Association of American State Geologists. The Wisconsin state highway commission was created during his tenure and he served on it between 1911 and 1925. In 1925, he was appointed president of the Michigan Mining School. During his tenure, the school added programs in chemical, civil, electrical and mechanical engineering and a program in forestry. In 1927, the school changed its name to the Michigan College of Mining and Technology and is now known as Michigan Technological University.
In 1935, he was appointed president of Rensselaer. In 1943, he retired at the age of 65 but remained president emeritus. He died on June 20, 1954.