# M. Shahid Qureshi

Muhammad Shahid Qureshi or Shahid Qureshi, styled as M. Shahid Qureshi, is a Pakistani mathematician, astrophysicist and a renowned astronomer. He is an academic and an eminent educationist from Pakistan who has published articles in the fields of astrophysics and astronomy. He is the retired professor of astrophysics and astronomy at Karachi University and Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics (ISPA), and former director of ISPA, the country's prominent institution in the field of planetary astrophysics and planetary astronomy. He previously served as an assistant professor of mathematics and computer science. He also the founding director of the Department of Mathematics at Institute of Business Administration, Karachi.
He is an avid supporter of science and technology in Pakistan and has helped directing documentaries concerning about the astrophysics and astronomy. He has also appeared in Geo Television and Dawn News frequently, where he briefed the nation on the solar eclipse of 22 July 2009.

## Biography

He graduated and received a BSc with honors in applied mathematics from the Department of Mathematics of University of Karachi in 1979. He then received his MSc in mathematics from the same institution with specialisation in quantum mechanics, and astronomy in 1983. In between, he served United Bank Limited, Karachi as a computer programmer to earn his living. In 1983, after getting his master's degree, he joined as a fellow the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, where he joined the "Mathematical Physics Group", and did preliminary research there.
He left PINSTECH in 1984, and moved to Karachi, Sindh. He joined the University of Karachi as a lecturer to fulfill his dream to become a professor of mathematics. Under the supervision of noted quantum theorist and renowned particle physicist Khursheed Ather Siddiqui, he did his MPhil in particle physics from University of Karachi, writing a thesis and covered major area in the field of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. In 2002, he moved to the Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics on the directions of the then-vice-chancellor of University of Karachi, Zafar Saeed Saifi. Qureshi did his PhD in astrophysics and astronomy from ISPA in 2008.
His doctoral thesis is on the "Earliest Visibility of New Lunar Crescent". He has occasionally lectured in the field computational mathematics at Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS). He was serving at the Institute of Business Administration, Karachi (IBA) as the chairperson, Department of Mathematical Sciences of the Faculty of Computer Science, on deputation from University of Karachi and left from his position at IBA on completion of his deputation period in March 2016. At IBA he has not only established the department of Mathematical Sciences, he has also started the double major BS program in mathematics and economics, the first of its kind in Karachi. Moreover, he also played key role in developing the board of advanced studies and research at IBA that led to formalise the graduate programs at IBA. In the meantime he also started MS and PhD programs in mathematics at IBA.

### Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics

Qureshi joined the teaching profession in 1984 at the University of Karachi. Later, he joined the Institute of Business Administration, Karachi. For a brief period he also served the Department of Computer Science as a full-time faculty member. Besides, he also taught as visiting faculty at various private-sector universities in Karachi, including the Institute of Business Administration.
He is a well-known astrophysicist in Pakistan, and he has given numerous interviews to the media, concerning the fields of physical cosmology, astronomy, and astrophysics. He played an important role in re-establishing the Karachi University's Astronomical Observatory. As a noted space scientist at ISPA, he is engaged in research on supersymmetric quantum mechanics, lunar phase, light pollution and solar energy.

### Influence and motivation

At the Karachi University, he has maintained a vital relationship with the professors from Karachi University. According to him, his professors played an important role in his life and influenced him to gain his doctorate in astronomy and astrophysics. According to an interview given to the Dawn News, it was one of his professors who influenced him to gain his doctorate degrees in astronomy. He laments, "In 1990, one of my professors said that very soon Pakistan will be asking the world to send us teachers to teach mathematics and physics as we ran out of them. Today I am forwarding his message: we do not have teachers to teach mathematics and physics".

### Higher education

In 1983, he received his MSc in applied mathematics and M.Phil. in 1995 writing his thesis on supersymmetric quantum mechanics, from Karachi University. In 2008, he was awarded his PhD in astrophysics and astronomy, in which he wrote his thesis on "the effects of atmospheric conditions on crescent visibility, from the Karachi University.

## Advocacy for space research

He has been a vocal advocate for space research in Pakistan. Qureshi has been appeared in different Pakistani news channels and educational channels in which he has been advocating for space research in Pakistan. He has also been a core planner and organizer of several astronomical and astrophysics events at universities and high schools. With the help of Karachi University's Physics department, he planned a "Space Week" in ISPA on 31 October 2008.
The event was called "Planet Watch", and a number of high school and college students were invited. He also delivered a lecture at the conference in which he urged: "You don’t need any equipment for astronomy. All you need is a pair of eyes and curiosity about the cosmos."
He also briefly explained the origins of the seven-day week denomination: "According to initial cosmology, the ancients considered the planets to be a total of seven: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the Sun and the Moon (also considered planets). Hence, the days of the week were also seven".
He concluded the lecture with the nature of his involvement with the team at Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics, where he worked on astronomical objects, astrophysical plasma, and physical cosmology.

## Research in astrophysics and particle physics

Qureshi's articles have been printed in international and national physics journals. He has been a known cited researcher in the field of computer programming while studying at Karachi University. He has been researching to the fields of astrophysics in relation with elementary particle physics and published numerous papers at ISPA. In relation to astrophysics to particle physics, he, once elaborate, while giving a lectured:
"The well-known grand unification theory had two directions of research in the 1980s and '90s. The supersymmetric theory appeared as one of the results. The empirical predictions of which, could not be tested till today, due to the absence of laboratories. We will be able to test some predictions of the supersymmetry theory when the Large Hadron Collider functions at its full capability. Particle physics and astrophysics, along wide with astronomy, has remained to explore the nature of forces in the first place and of course which is closely related to cosmology, in which we describe the structure of the universe. So the other aspect of my research was astronomy and astrophysics."
His work has been far reaching and influential. Due to lack to researches to the fields of astrophysics and astronomy; Qureshi's work has been a vital support to an academic research in astrophysics. At SUPARCO, he also helped manufacturing and setting up the space observatory along with the Chinese scientists.

## Support for rocket science and Satellite Launch Vehicles (SLV)

He has been supporting the Satellite Launch Vehicle project program at SUPARCO. He has been also urged that Pakistan should launch its satellites via either Sonmiani or Tilla. In an interview while discussing Pakistan's status on Satellite Launch Vehicle with noted nuclear physicist Dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy. While in discussion, he urged that missiles have very roboost and effective electronics and computer system, the SLVs used the similar technology. Dr. M. Shahid Qureshi also urges that Pakistan has the basic technology to build an SLV.
He discloses the discussion with Dr. Hoodbhoy and said "If we can launch a missile up to a range of 1,500 km, why not build an SLV that can launch low-atmosphere satellites?" he said. According to Dr. M.S. Qureshi, "we can begin by launching navigation, spy and weather satellites, which can go up to 1,500 km into space. This alone can give us a lot of data that we need to buy now".

## Research papers

* "Climatic Variability and Linear Trend Models for Major Cities of Pakistan", Journal of Geography and Geology, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2010.
* "A New Criterion of Earliest Visibility of New Lunar Crescent", Sindh Univ. Res. Jour. (Sci. Sec.), 42(1), 1–18, 2010.
* "On Origin Theories of Ring Galaxies: Observational Data and Modelling”, Astronomy & Applied Mathematics, Vol. I, Ed. S Nuritdinov, Pub.: Fed. Urdu University, Karachi, 67–79, 2009
* “Path of Best Visibility of New Lunar Crescent”, Astronomy & Applied Mathematics, Vol. I, Ed. S Nuritdinov, Pub.: Fed Urdu University, Karachi, 156–161, 2009
* “Celestial Objects’ Visibility Concern in Karachi", Astronomy & Applied Mathematics, Vol. I, Ed. S Nuritdinov, Pub.: Fed Urdu University, Karachi, 185–194, 2009
* “Error Minimization in Polynomial Approximation of ΔT”, J. Astrphys. Astr., 29, 363–366, 2008
* “Assessing Polynomial Approximation of ΔT”, J. basic appl. Sci., 4(1), 1–4, 2007.
* “Methods of Calculating Crescent Lengths”, J. basic appl. Sci., 3(2), 65–72, 2007
* “A Comparative Study of Arithmetic Lunar Calendar, Observational and Predicted Lunar Calendar for Pakistan for Years 2000–2004”, J. basic appl. Sci., 2(2), 91–103, 2006
* “A New Variable Step Size Algorithm for Solving Initial Value Problems”, J. basic appl. Sci., 2(1), 37–44, 2006
* “Taqweemat aur Qudrati Mazahir”, Al-Tafseer, 2(1), 101–107, 2006
* “A Fuzzy Mathematical Model of Maximum Likelihood Estimates”, J. basic appl. Sci., 1(2), 95–100, 2005
* “Differential Mental Growth Model”, J. basic appl. Sci. 1(1), 11–13, 2005
* “On the Modern Approach to the earliest Visibility of Lunar Crescent”, Kar. Un. J. Isl. St., VII(I-II), 54–76, 2005
* “From No-Go Theorems to Supersymmetry Algebra”, Kar. Univ. J. Sc., 32(1&2), 55–62, 2004.
* “SUSY Algebra for One Dimensional Quantum Mechanical Systems and its Application”, Kar. Univ. J. Sc. 28(2), 25–32, 2000.
* “Generalisation of Operator Method and its Application” Kar. Univ. J. Sc. 28(1), 83–94, 2000.
* “Solvable Supersymmetric Systems", Kar. Univ. J. Sc. 23(1&2), 27–38, 1995.