OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Luthrodes galba

Luthrodes galba, the Persian grass blue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in southern Turkey, central and eastern Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, the Caucasus and Cyprus.
The larvae feed on Prosopis stephaniana, Acacia leucophloa, Acacia campbeli and Lagonychium farctum. They are associated with the ant species Monomorium gracillium.

## Description from Seitz

Z. galba Led. (77 k). Above almost exactly like lysimon in both sexes, beneath strongly recalling species of Azanus, especially in the arrangement and development of the black spots; the forewing beneath bears also some similarity to Chilades trochylus, with which galba moreover agrees in size. It is very easily separated from trochilus by the absence of red and blue submarginal dots. — Syria, said to occur also in Egypt, being mentioned, e. g., from Ismailia on the canal of Suez.

## Subspecies

* Luthrodes galba galba (Caucasus Minor, highland of Armenia, Talysh Mountains)
* Luthrodes galba phiala (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890) (Kopet-Dagh, southern Ghissar)
# Sanghol Museum

The Sanghol Museum is an archaeological museum in Sanghol, Punjab, India. The existing building of the Museum was inaugurated on April 10, 1990 as a subordinate unit of the Department of Cultural Affairs, Archaeology and Museums of the Punjab Government.

## Gallery

* Sanghol Ancient Stupa site info
* Stupa site
* Stupa Site, part on the side
* Ancient Site
* Village Chowk
* Part of Excavation
* Museum info board
* Museum building
* Another excavation in village
* Info board on road
# Nisiturris anfraconvex

Nisiturris anfraconvex is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
# Jodi Hauptman

Jodi Anne Hauptman (born October 20, 1964) is an American art historian and curator. Hauptman is the Senior Curator of Prints and Drawings at the Museum of Modern Art.

## Career

Hauptman graduated from the Smithtown Central School District in 1982. She then earned a Bachelor of Arts from Princeton University in 1986, and later received a Master of Arts and a Doctor of Philosophy in Art History from Yale University in 1995. She wrote a doctoral dissertation on the artist Joseph Cornell.
In 2001, Hauptman received the Charles C. Eldredge Prize from the Smithsonian American Art Museum for her book on Cornell published two years earlier. A year later, she joined the Museum of Modern Art, and was promoted to Senior Curator of Prints and Drawings there in 2014. There, Hauptman has organized exhibitions on the artists Paul Cézanne, Edgar Degas, Fernand Léger, Henri Matisse, and Georges Seurat, while publishing on others such as Sonia Delaunay-Terk, Odilon Redon, Medardo Rosso, Léopold Survage, and Sophie Taeuber-Arp, in addition to Cornell.
# John Rotherham

John Rotherham or Rotheram FSA Scot FRSE FLS (c.1750–1804) was an 18th-century British physician and scientist.

## Life

He was born around 1750 in Hexham in northern England, the son of Catherine Roberts and her husband Dr John Rotheram. He was the eldest brother of seven siblings, one of which was Edward Rotheram. He was educated at Newcastle Grammar School in part learning mathematics and physics from his father and Charles Hutton. He was then sent to Sweden to study medicine and sciences at the University of Uppsala under Carl Linnaeus and Prof Bergmann.
He returned to Newcastle in the 1760s and moved to Edinburgh around 1790. During his time in Newcastle he is presumed to have worked as a GP.
In 1792 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were John Walker, James Hutton, Andrew Dalzell and Alexander Keith of Dunnottar.
In 1793 he obtained a position as a part-time lecturer in chemistry and assistant to Joseph Black at the University of Edinburgh. He lived nearby at West Nicholson Street in Edinburgh and practiced as a physician.
In 1795 he moved to the University of St Andrews to replace Prof Forrest as Professor of Natural Philosophy (Physics). Prof Forrest apparently "sold" his chair to Rotherham as Forrest was keen to retire. However, Rotherham was personally recommended for the position by Sir James Stirling, 1st Baronet, Lord Provost of Edinburgh. He also had letters of support from eminent figures such as John Hill and Dugald Stewart.
He died of apoplexy in St Andrews on 6 November 1804.

## Publications

* The Nature and Properties of Water (1770)
* Sexes of the Plants Vindicated (1790)
* Edinburgh New Dispensatory (1794)
# Kosmos (comics)

Kosmos, in comics, may refer to:
* Kosmos (Marvel Comics), a Marvel Comics character
* Kid Kosmos, a character created by Jim Starlin
* King Kosmos, a DC Comics character
# Sanguantang station

Sanguantang station may refer to:
* Sanguantang station (Ningbo Rail Transit), in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
* Sanguantang station (Chengdu Metro), in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
# Luigi Sabatelli

Luigi Sabatelli (21 February 1772, Florence – 29 January 1850, Milan) was an Italian painter of the Neoclassic period; active in Milan, Rome, and Florence.

## Biography

He began his studies at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze, where he was taught the Neoclassical style, then completed his studies in Rome. In 1801, he was named a Court Painter for Maria Luisa the Queen of Etruria.
In 1803, with the reorganization of the Brera Academy of Fine Arts of Milan, Sabatelli was named professor of painting, replacing Giulio Traballesi, and held the post until his death.
His first important work in oils was his Meeting of David and Abigail, which now hangs opposite Judith, by Pietro Benvenuti, in the Lady Chapel of Arezzo Cathedral. His reputation, however, rests largely on the frescoes in the "Hall of the Iliad", part of the Palatine Gallery at the Pitti Palace, created from 1822 to 1825 for his patron Maria Luisa, who was then the Duchess of Lucca. They consist of eight lunettes and a large circular medallion, illustrating scenes from the Homeric poems. It was necessary for him to take a leave of absence from the Academy to complete them.
As well as paintings, he produced engravings. Notably, series depicting the Stations of the Cross and the Apocalypse. His depiction of "The Plague of Florence", a scene from the Decameron of Boccaccio, was also well known.
Four of his ten children became painters and art teachers: Francesco (1803-1830), Giuseppe (1813-1843), Luigi Maria (1818-1899), and Gaetano [it] (1820-1893). Among his pupils were Carlo Arienti, Giuseppe Sogni, Giuseppe Penuti, Michelangelo Fumagalli, Giulio Cesare Arrivabene and Alessandro Durini.
He was a Knight in the Order of Saint Joseph of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and was awarded the Great Gold Medal of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia. A street in Milan has been named after him.
# Tetrad of media effects

Marshall McLuhan's tetrad of media effects uses a tetrad - a four-part construct - to examine the effects on society of any technology/medium (that is, a means of explaining the social processes underlying the adoption of a technology/medium) by dividing its effects into four categories and displaying them simultaneously. The tetrad first appeared in print in articles by McLuhan in the journals Technology and Culture (1975) and et cetera (1977). It first appeared in book form in his posthumously-published works Laws of Media (1988) and The Global Village (1989).

## The tetrad

The tetrad consists of four questions.
* What does the medium enhance?
* What does the medium make obsolete?
* What does the medium retrieve that had been obsolesced earlier?
* What does the medium reverse or flip into when pushed to extremes?
The laws of the tetrad exist simultaneously, not successively or chronologically, and allow the questioner to explore the "grammar and syntax" of the "language" of media. McLuhan departs from the media theory of Harold Innis in suggesting that a medium "overheats", or reverses into an opposing form, when taken to its extreme.
Visually, a tetrad can be depicted as four diamonds forming an X, with the name of a medium in the center, where the left/right direction reflects the figure/ground association. The two diamonds on the left of a tetrad are the Enhancement and Retrieval qualities of the medium, both Figure qualities. The two diamonds on the right of a tetrad are the Obsolescence and Reversal qualities, both Ground qualities.
* Enhancement (figure): What the medium amplifies or intensifies. For example, radio amplifies news and music via sound.
* Obsolescence (ground): What the medium drives out of prominence. Radio reduces the prominence of print and the visual.
* Retrieval (figure): What the medium recovers which was previously lost. Radio returns the spoken word to the forefront.
* Reversal (ground): What the medium does when pushed to its limits. Acoustic radio flips into audio-visual TV.
# Saint-Sulpice Library

The Saint-Sulpice Library is an historic building located at 1700 Saint Denis Street in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was designated a Historic Monument of Quebec in 1988.
At the dawn of the 20th century, the political elite and religious leaders of Montreal recognized the need for creating a new francophone library that would elevate the education level of the population. The selection of books offered by the Cabinet de lecture paroissiale, previously created by the Sulpicians, was becoming obsolete and outdated for the time according to critics. The Sulpicians initiated the construction of a new library on Saint-Denis Street to offer Montrealers better readings combining part of their own collections with the ones owned by Université Laval à Montréal (Université de Montréal). The Saint-Sulpice Library was intended primarily for students, scholars and academics but also for Catholics seeking self-education. Designed by architect Eugène Payette, the Saint-Sulpice Library is considered one of the finest examples of Beaux-Arts architecture in the province.
Built between 1912 and 1914, the building opened as a private library operated by the Society of Saint-Sulpice in 1917. It was notably the first French-language library in the nation of Canada. While the library was built by Eugene Payette, the Sulpicians hired a professional librarian Aegidius Fauteux, for conserving and developing a collection dedicated for research. From its opening in 1915 to its closure in 1931, Fauteux assumed his role by transforming the nature of the collection by acquiring titles that would support the educational mission of the library. To get ready for the opening, he acquired tens of thousands of works between 1913 and 1916. He also developed the special collections by including maps, portraits, medals, ex-libris and rare books. Not only the library offered a variety of books and periodicals but cultural activities and a centre dedicated to pictorial arts under the supervision of Olivier Maurault, priest of Saint-Sulpice. In 1931, Fauteux left the Bibliothèque Saint-Sulpice to become the director of the Public Library of Montreal and founded the first French library school in Canada. In the 1960s the library folded due to waning membership. Its large collection was donated to the newly formed Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec in 1967 and the Ministry of Culture and Communications (Quebec) purchased the building.
In 2005 the Université du Québec à Montréal bought the building, but was forced to sell it back to the ministry of culture due to financial reasons in 2007. In 2008 plans were announced to turn the building into a music centre that will house Le Vivier, a group of 22 Quebec music groups. Le Vivier presented its first season of 15 concerts from September 2009 to May 2010. In 2016, it was announced the building will be used as a new technology incubator and library for teens.
# Luthrodes boopis

Luthrodes boopis is a species of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. It was originally described as Lycaena boopis by Hans Fruhstorfer in 1897.

## Range

Luthrodes boopis is known from Indonesia, specifically from Sulawesi and the Raja Ampat Islands (Misool, Waigeo).

## Taxonomy

Luthodes boopis has the following subspecies:
* Luthrodes boopis minor Ribbe, 1926
* Luthodes boopis boopis (Fruhstorfer, 1897)
# Nine Short Pieces for Piano

Nine Short Pieces for Piano is a set of small-scale compositions by Douglas Lilburn. They were written around 1965 and published in 1969, chosen in 1967 with pianist Margaret Nielsen from a folder of similarly brief manuscripts labelled "crotchety at 51". They are about twelve minutes long in total.
These pieces were among the last that Lilburn composed for acoustic instruments; he began to focus on electronic experimentation in 1965. Each piece is constructed from one or two concise motifs. With a harmonic and rhythmic texture drawing from his electronic music, these pieces explore the full extent of the piano's range and dynamics; "looking as modern music should look". They are also notated in an unorthodox manner.
# Nine Shrines

Nine Shrines is an American rock band from Ohio formed in 2014. The band was formed by former Attack Attack! drummer Andrew Wetzel after the group's disbandment in 2013, and includes two members of the now disbanded group Life on Repeat – bassist Devon Voisine and lead guitarist Andrew Baylis – as well as vocalist Chris Parketny formerly of Strangers to Wolves, and rhythm guitarist Evan McKeever of Downplay. They are currently signed to Mascot Records.

## History

After the breakup of Attack Attack!, drummer Andrew Wetzel, though initially apprehensive, decided to pursue a new band after being put in contact with guitarist Andrew Baylis through a mutual friend. In 2014, they announced the new project initially with Devon Voisine on bass and Sam Sky as lead vocalist, though Sky was replaced in July 2015 with current vocalist Chris Parketny and guitarist Evan McKeever.
After the band's lineup was solidified in 2017, they began work on their self-produced debut EP, Misery. The work's main themes revolve around the bitterness of the group's past experiences and breakups within the music industry, with the album artwork depicting the band "having the soul sucked out of them." The EP was released on April 7, 2017, and was preceded by the lead single "King of Mercy", which had crossed 1 million Spotify streams by February 2018. The band toured with Hinder and Nonpoint in support of "Misery" across the United States in April and May 2017.
In a Mascot Records' press release on May 31, 2018, it was announced that the band was in the studio with producer Dan Korneff working on their debut full-length LP. The album, titled Retribution Therapy was released in 2019.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Retribution Therapy (2019)

### EPs

* Misery (2017)

### Singles

* Friends in Low Places (2015)
# Nine Songs

Nine Songs or 9 Songs may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Film

* 9 Songs, a 2004 British art romantic drama film written and directed by Michael Winterbottom

### Literature

* Jiu Ge (Nine Songs), a set of Chinese poems written in the 3rd century BC

### Music
#### Classical music

* Nine Songs, a composition with opus number 69 by Johannes Brahms
* Romances and Songs (Nine Songs), a composition with opus number 18 by Edvard Grieg
* Liederkreis, Op. 24 (sometimes titled with "9 songs for voice & piano"), a composition by Robert Schumann
* 9 Songs, a composition with opus number 60 by Max Bruch

#### Contemporary music

* Nine Songs From the Garden of Welcome Lies, a 1997 album by composer Paul Schütze
# Niwaki Dam

Niwaki Dam is a concrete gravity dam located in Saga Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 1.2 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 9 ha of land when full and can store 600 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1985 and completed in 1994.
# Nodak Electric Cooperative

Nodak Electric Cooperative is a public utility cooperative based in Grand Forks, North Dakota, and provides electricity to rural customers and small towns across a portion of northeast North Dakota, and is a member of Minnkota Power Cooperative.
When electric cooperatives began organizing in the late 1930s after the formation of the Rural Electrification Administration and North Dakota's ratification of the Electric Cooperative Corporation Act in 1937, several projects got underway across northeastern North Dakota in 1939. They were Forks (Grand Forks County), Walsh (Walsh County), Red River (Traill County), and Five-Star (Nelson County). These were consolidated into a single project in 1940, as all four projects struggled to secure a reliable source of power, which also led to the formation of Minnkota Power Cooperative later that same year.
A neighboring cooperative, Sheyenne Valley Electric Cooperative, merged into Nodak Electric in 2001.
# Noble, Missouri

Noble is a small unincorporated community in Ozark County, Missouri, United States. It is located on a ridge along Route A, one mile west of Route 5 and twelve miles northwest of Gainesville.
A post office was established at Noble in 1890, and remained in operation until 1999. According to one tradition, one Mr. Noble, an early postmaster, gave the community his last name.
# No. 133 Wing RAF

No. 133 (Polish) (Fighter) Wing RAF is a former Royal Air Force wing that was operational during the Second World War, mainly staffed by Polish personnel as part of the Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain.
The unit was previously No. 1 Polish Wing RAF which became No. 133 Airfield Headquarters (Polish) RAF during 1943.

## History

It was formed in August 1941, as the 2nd Polish Fighter Wing, from three Polish squadrons, the No. 302 Polish Fighter Squadron and No. 316 Polish Fighter Squadron, and the No. 317 Polish Fighter Squadron. Its composition was not stable, as Polish Squadrons were frequently exchanged between the three Polish wings (the No. 131 Wing RAF (1st Polish) wing, the No. 133 Wing (2nd Polish) wing, and the 3rd Polish Fighter Wing). At various times, this wing included other Polish squadrons, such as the No. 306 Polish Fighter Squadron, No. 309 Polish Fighter-Reconnaissance Squadron and the No. 315 Polish Fighter Squadron. The number of Polish wings was also not constant, varying from at least two to four.
On 1 November 1943 No. 1 Polish Wing RAF was renamed to No. 133 Airfield Headquarters (Polish) RAF while the unit was at RAF Heston under No. 18 Wing RAF and controlling No. 306 Polish Fighter Squadron and No. 315 Polish Fighter Squadron both operating Spitfire's. The wing moved to RAF Coolham on 1 April 1944 and was renamed to No. 133 Wing RAF on 12 May 1944.
No. 133 Wing RAF was formed on 12 May 1944 at RAF Coolham.
# Noosa (singer-songwriter)

Sky Barbarick, known professionally as Noosa, is a Los Angeles–based American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist.

## Career

The name comes from the place of the same name in Australia where Sky became inspired to write songs as a way of "translating [her] spirit to the world".
Noosa was exposed to the world when Sky's song "Mirrors in the Moonlight" was transformed into her first single "Fear of Love". This and a string of later singles went to #1 on The Hype Machine. Since then, Noosa has released a 5 track EP in 2013, with one of its tracks featured on a Kellogg's commercial, and a debut studio album entitled Wonderland in 2014. In 2017 Noosa collaborated with progressive house producer Pierce Fulton on his album Better Places including tracks "1 800 SUCCEED", "Autumn Blossom", and "The Sound", leading to the "Better Places tour" along with NVDES. Following the album, the two released their song "Overthinking Rain" in 2019, which has amassed millions of plays. Sky’s creative and fun vibe combined with a deep sense of the ethereal journey of life makes for thoughtful and beautiful lyrics.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Wonderland (2014)

### EPs

* Noosa (2012)
* The California Songs (2017)

### Singles

* "Fear of Love" (2012) (#1 on The Hype Machine)
* "Walk on By" (2012)
* "Walk on By (Sound Remedy remix)" (2012) (The Hype Machine Top Ten Tracks of 2012)
* "Heartache" (2012)
* "Halo" (2015)
* "Like You" (2017)

### Featured singles

* Ghost Beach – "Close Enough" (2013) (#1 on The Hype Machine)
* Pierce Fulton (artist) – "Overthinking Rain" (2019)
* Pierce Fulton (artist) – "What Is Gonna Make You Happy" (2019)
# Noi siamo le colonne

Noi siamo le colonne (i.e. "We are the columns") is a 1956 Italian comedy-drama film written and directed by Luigi Filippo D'Amico and starring Vittorio De Sica, Franco Fabrizi and Antonio Cifariello.

## Cast

* Vittorio De Sica as Alfredo Celimontani
* Franco Fabrizi as Aldo Perego
* Antonio Cifariello as Ugo Stefani
* Mireille Granelli as Lea
* Vanna Vivaldi as Elettra
* Aroldo Tieri as Archimede
* Lauro Gazzolo as Mr. Bonci
* Zoe Incrocci as Archimede's Sister
* Ottavio Alessi as Bartolozzi
* Elisa Montés as Sofia
* Pina Gallini as Giulia
* Laura Betti as The Singer
* Franco Migliacci
* Liana Del Balzo
* Nando Tamberlani
# Norbert Gasser

Norbert Gasser (born 18 May 1957) is an Italian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1984 Winter Olympics.
# Noire River (Huron River tributary)

The Noire River (in French: rivière Noire) is a tributary of the north shore of the Huron River. The latter's current flows into the rivière du Chêne which flows onto the south shore of the St. Lawrence River.
The Rivière Noire flows through the municipalities of Notre-Dame-du-Sacré-Cœur-d'Issoudun and Sainte-Croix-de-Lotbinière, in the Lotbinière Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Québec, in Canada.

## Geography

The main neighboring watersheds of the Black River are:
* north side: Petit Saut River, St. Lawrence River;
* east side: Bois Franc stream, Bourret stream, Noire River, Rouge River (Beaurivage River tributary), rivière aux Pins, Beaurivage River;
* south side: Bois Franc-Pierreriche stream, Tête de la Rivière Huron, rivière aux Cèdres, Henri River, rivière du Chêne;
* west side: Huron River, rivière du Chêne.
The Black River has its source in Notre-Dame-du-Sacré-Cœur-d'Issoudun. This area is located 4.7 kilometres (2.9 mi) south of the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, 8.3 kilometres (5.2 mi) southwest of the village center of Saint-Antoine-de-Tilly, at 8.6 kilometres (5.3 mi) west of the center of the village of Saint-Apollinaire, at 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of the village of Notre-Dame-du-Sacré-Cœur-d'Issoudun and 7.9 kilometres (4.9 mi) north of the center of the village of Laurier-Station.
From its source, the Rivière Noire flows on 6.8 kilometres (4.2 mi) towards the south-west including 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) (divided into two segments) in Sainte-Croix-de-Lotbinière. Its course intersects route 271.
The confluence of the Rivière Noire is located at the Route Frenette bridge connecting the route du 5e Rang and the route du sixth Rang, in the municipality of Notre-Dame-du-Sacré-Cœur-d'Issoudun. This confluence is located only 140 metres (460 ft) from the limit of Saint-Janvier-de-Joly.

## Toponymy

The toponym "rivière Noire" was made official on August 8, 1977, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec.