OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Balfour (politician)

William Douglas Balfour (August 2, 1851 – August 19, 1896) was a speaker for the Legislature of Ontario in 1895–1896 and served as Liberal MLA for Essex South from 1882 to 1896.
He was born in Forfar, Scotland in 1851, the son of David Balfour and Janet Douglas, and came to St. Catharines, Canada West, with his family in 1857. He studied at the Grantham Academy and went on to teach school in Grantham and Louth townships. In 1872, with Robert Matheson, he became the owner of the St. Catharines News. Balfour moved to Amherstburg in 1874 and became owner of the Amherstburg Echo with John Allan Auld. He married Josephine Brodhead that same year. Balfour served as reeve for Amherstburg from 1878 to 1882. He ran unsuccessfully in the provincial riding of Essex South in 1879 but was later elected in that riding in an 1882 by-election after Lewis Wigle was elected to the federal parliament.
In 1884, Balfour reported that he had been offered a bribe to withdraw his support from the government of Oliver Mowat. During his time in office, he opposed provincial toll-roads and supported the vote for women and the admission of women to the practice of law. Balfour also introduced a bill in 1884 which authorized Delos Rogest Davis, the son of a former slave, to practice law in Ontario.
In July 1896, Balfour was named provincial secretary. He died in office in Toronto a short time later that year, aged 45, from complications caused by tuberculosis and was buried at Amherstburg.
His son, David A. Balfour, became a prominent municipal politician in Toronto.

## Electoral history

vte1879 Ontario general election: Essex South :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Lewis Wigle | 1,418 | 52.93 | −5.60 |
| | Liberal | William Balfour | 1,261 | 47.07 | +5.60 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 2,679 | 74.29 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 3,606 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | Swing | −5.60 |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
# Wilfredo Santa-Gómez

Wilfredo Santa-Gómez (also known as Wilfredo G. Santa, born 1949) is a Puerto Rican author who has published numerous books in Spanish on self-help, short stories, and poetry.

## Biography

Santa-Gómez was born in the city of Caguas, Puerto Rico in 1949. He has resided in Zaragoza, Spain, where he belonged to the Hispanic Writers Association, and also in New Jersey and Boston, United States, where he graduated from the Harvard Medical School's Department of Psychiatry. He now resides in Gurabo, Puerto Rico and still works actively in the prevention of many social problems of his country.

## Contributions

In his book The Great Window (1994) he proposed the theory of the "Protective Unconscious." The writer and media personality has written many books and articles relating to psychiatry. For sixteen years he hosted a radio talk show, Ya No Estás Solo (Never alone again), which is an educational program in the area of mental health. Because his work has reached international proportions he has been recognized and awarded by many civic organizations of Puerto Rico. He has also published scientific articles in international psychiatric journals. He has also written more than 300 educational press articles in Spanish for international digital and traditional magazines and newspapers. All his work has been on a non-profit basis.

## Publications
### Literary works

* Platón Arapos Patriota – 1972 (short story)
* A orillas del río Ebro – 1974 (poetry)
* The Experiment – 1974 (science fiction novel) ISBN 84-400-9202-4
* Sueños del Yukayeke (poetry) – 1974
* Por Un Camino de Estrellas (poetry) – 1976

### Self-help and nonfiction publications

* La Salud Vista A Través de los Refranes – 1978
* La Gran Ventana – 1994 (The Great Window) (under name Wilfredo G. Santa)
* Por Qué Me Dejaste de Amar-Si Soy Del Planeta Tierra – 1996 (Why Did You Stop Loving Me, if I am from Planet Earth) (under name Wilfredo G. Santa) ISBN 0-9763749-1-9
* The Protective Unconscious – 1996 ISBN 0-9763749-3-5
* Las ocho fuerzas universales que controlan tu existencia – 1998 ISBN 0-9763749-4-3
He also writes for international digital, and traditional newspapers.
# Wild Bird Centers of America

The Wild Bird Centers of America, Inc., is a national franchisor of wild bird specialty retail stores. Most stores offer educational programs to the general public including bird walks and seminars with local experts.

## History

Wild Bird Centers of America was founded in 1985 in the suburbs of Washington, D.C. The first Wild Bird Center retail store was located in Cabin John, Maryland. The company and its franchisees have been recognized by industry publications and organizations. In 2010, the company published a history book about the backyard bird-feeding hobby. and partnered with the Commerce Corporation to support a "store-within-a-store" program for garden centers and hardware stores. In 2016, Wild Bird Centers of America, Inc. was acquired by Global Harvest Food, Ltd., a national bird seed manufacturer headquartered in Washington state.

## Present Company

The Wild Bird Centers of America supports approximately 30 retail outlets in about 14 states and provinces.
# Wiguläus von Kreittmayr

Wiguläus Xaverius Aloysius Kreittmayr, since 1745 Freiherr von Kreittmayr (14 December 1705 – 27 October 1790) was a Bavarian jurist and public official who served as head of the public administration (Wirklicher Geheimer Staatskanzler, state chancellor) of the Electorate of Bavaria since 1758.
Von Kreittmayr's lasting work was as a legislator. A leading member of the Bavarian civil service since 1725, he drafted the Bavarian criminal code (1751), code of civil procedure (1753) and civil code (Codex Maximilianeus bavaricus civilis, 1756). His criminal code, which remained in force until 1813, reflected pre-Enlightenment Catholic views and proved inadequate after the second half of the 18th century. But his civil codifications lasted (although by then very dated) until 1869 and 1900 respectively. His extensive commentaries on Bavarian civil and public law are an important source of legal history and reflect von Kreittmayr's practical and realistic understanding of law.
In 1958, the city of Munich commissioned a bronze statue of von Kreittmayr. But protests by human rights lawyers, who noted that von Kreittmayr's criminal code introduced torture in Bavaria just as other jurisdictions began to abolish it, prevented its installation. The statue was gifted to von Kreittmayr's home village of Offenstetten.
# Wilhelm Bünger

Wilhelm Rudolf Ferdinand Bünger (1870–1937) was a German politician and attorney who served as the Minister-President of Saxony from 1929 to 1930.

## Biography

Bünger was born on 8 October 1870 in Elsterwerda, Prussia, North German Confederation (present-day Brandenburg, Germany). He was a member of the German People's Party (DVP) from 1920 to 1930 while a member of the German Bundestag. From 1924 to 1927, Bünger was Minister of Justice, 1928 Minister of Education, and from 26 June 1929 to 18 February 1930, Minister-President of Saxony. He was married to Doris Hertwig-Bünger, also a state representative in Parliament, and lived with her in the Landhaus Carp Schampel, in the Saxon town of Radebeul. He died on 21 March 1937 in Leipzig, Saxony, Germany.
Bünger was the presiding judge at the Reichstag fire trial. He acquitted the accused with the exception of Marinus van der Lubbe. However, he found that the "Reichstag fire was no act of individual terror but an act of mass terror which was designed to be the overture to a general strike and a revolutionary movement," placing the blame on a Communist conspiracy.
# Willard M. Wallace

Willard Mosher Wallace (1911 – June 15, 2000) was an American historian who taught at Wesleyan University from 1945 to 1981.
He attended Wesleyan University, where he received bachelor's and master's degrees, and the University of Pennsylvania, where he received a PhD in history. He won a Guggenheim fellowship.
At the end of his full-time teaching at Wesleyan, Wallace was made Professor Emeritus.
He was a member of the Acorn Club, to which he was elected in 1974.

## Works

* Traitorous Hero: The Life and Fortunes of Benedict Arnold (1954), reviewed at "Traitorous Hero"
* Sir Walter Raleigh (1959)
* East to Bagaduce (1963)
* Appeal to Arms: A Military History of the American Revolution (1964)
* "American Revolution" author in the Encyclopædia Britannica, published online 20 July 1998
* "United States" contributing editor, Encyclopedia Britannica online 26 October 1998
* Connecticut portal
# William Clerke (MP)

William Clerke (by 1527–1587?), of Ponsbourne, Hertfordshire, was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Wilton April 1554, November 1554, 1555, 1558 and 1572, for Calne in 1563 and for Devizes in 1571.
# William Lunn (politician)

William Lunn (1 November 1872 – 17 May 1942) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.

## Professional life

Born in Rothwell, Lunn began working as a coal miner when he was twelve years old. He was later elected as checkweighman at Middleton Colliery, serving for twenty years.
Lunn was a supporter of the Labour Party, and served on Rothwell Urban District Council and the Hunslet Board of Guardians. He stood unsuccessfully in the 1912 Holmfirth by-election. He was elected at the 1918 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for the newly created Rothwell constituency, and held the seat until he died in office in 1942, aged 69.
In 1924, Lunn served in Ramsay MacDonald's short-lived First Labour Government as Secretary for Overseas Trade, a junior ministerial post subordinate to the President of the Board of Trade.
When the Second Labour Government took office in June 1929, Lunn was appointed as Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. He was moved in December that year to the post of Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs, and held that position until the formation of the National Government in August 1931.
From 1931 until 1936, Lunn served on the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party.

## Private life

In July 1936, during a debate on the Government's Midwives Bill, Lunn referred to the death of his daughter-in-law, earlier that day, when arguing for more to be done to protect the health of mothers.

## Election literature

* Campaign Flyer 1918 Sheet 1
* Campaign Flyer 1918 Sheet 2
* Campaign Flyer 1924 Sheet 1
* Campaign Flyer 1924 Sheet 2
* Campaign Flyer 1924 Sheet 3
* Campaign Flyer 1924. A Word to the Women
* Campaign Flyer 1929 Sheet 1
* Campaign Flyer 1929 Sheet 2
* Campaign Flyer 1929 Sheet 3
# William Luther Moehonua

William Luther Kealiʻi Moehonua (1824–1878) was a native Hawaiian noble and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii.

## Life

William Luther Moehonua was born May 5, 1824, in Mokulēʻia. His mother was Mary Napuaelua. There is some dispute about his father. Some sources give it as Keaweamahi. Others say his father was ʻAikanaka (1790–1868), who had slept with his mother about the same time. Around 1848 he married Kaunuohua, a noble who was attendant to King Kamehameha IV. On September 11, 1849 he married Lucy Muolo who died in 1865, and remarried to Kapeka Kahele in 1875. His probable half-sister Analea Keohokālole became a civil leader in her own right.
On February 6, 1873 Moehonua was given the rank of Major in the royal guard of King Lunalilo. On September 10, 1873, Moehonua was put in command of ʻIolani Barracks after a mutiny against their Hungarian-born commander. He was elected to the Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom of 1874 as a representative for Oʻahu island.
Lunalilo died after reigning for only one year without naming an heir, so the legislature according to the constitution was to elect a new king. Moehonua and Samuel Gardner Wilder counted the ballots and announced the results. The winner was Kalākaua, who was probably a nephew since Kalākaua's grandfather ʻAikanaka was (probably) Moehonua's father. Moehonua was injured when his carriage was torn apart in the protests that followed, since Queen Emma of Hawaii was favored by the Hawaiian people. On April 27, 1874 he was promoted to rank of Colonel. On October 31, 1874 he was appointed minister of the interior, until December 5, 1876 when he was replaced by John Mott-Smith. He became commissioner of the crown lands November 20, 1875.
On December 15, 1876 Moehonua was appointed Royal Governor of Maui. On April 15, 1878 he was appointed to the upper House of Nobles of the legislature. He died September 8, 1878. He was replaced as Maui governor by John Owen Dominis, who was married to Lydia Kamakaeha, later Queen Liliʻuokalani. He was granted much land for his service, although some had to be sold to satisfy his debts by executor Charles T. Gulick. He probably had at least one child: Kalākaua filed a lawsuit which reached the supreme court in 1883, claiming some land that G. W. Keaweamahi had inherited from Moehonua. The court ruled against the king.
In her autobiography, Liliʻuokalani, who may have been unaware or indifferent, downplays his family background, not mentioning if they were related:
   He was a most estimable man, far superior to many of a corresponding rank, which was not of the highest; yet he was a good specimen of the Hawaiian race, of noble birth and patriotic sentiments.
# William Edward Collinson

William Edward Collinson (4 January 1889 – 4 May 1969) was a British linguist and, from 1914 to 1954, Chair of German at the University of Liverpool. Like Edward Sapir and Otto Jespersen, he collaborated with Alice Vanderbilt Morris to develop the research program of the International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA). From 1936 to 1939, he was Research Director of IALA. Under Collinson's guidance, methods of compiling international word material were tested at Liverpool. In 1939 IALA moved from Liverpool to New York and E. Clark Stillman succeeded Collinson as Research Director. Alexander Gode, editor of the first English-Interlingua dictionary published in 1951, remained in contact with Collinson which had collected much of linguistic material in the University of Liverpool.
Collinson wrote a popularization book in Esperanto about linguistics : La Homa Lingvo ("The Human Language") in 1927. He was also a collaborator of Centro por Esploro kaj Dokumentado and Internacia Scienca Universitato where he gave 7 lectures. He was chairman of Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista 1959-1965 and a longtime member of the Akademio de Esperanto.
He was the joint author of The German Language (with R. Priebsch) first published in 1934; fifth edition Faber & Faber, 1962.

## Literature

Falk, Julia S. "Words without grammar: Linguists and the international language movement in the United States," Language and Communication, 15(3): pp. 241–259. Pergamon, 1995.
# William Haviland

William Haviland (1718 – 16 September 1784) was an Irish-born general in the British Army. He is best known for his service in North America during the Seven Years' War.

## Life

William Haviland was born in Ireland in 1718. He entered military service as an ensign in the 43rd Foot in 1739, and first saw action during the War of Jenkins' Ear in a failed expedition against Cartagena (in present-day Colombia). He then served during the Jacobite Rising of 1745, and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel by 1752.
In 1757 he was sent to North America, where he was first in Lord Loudoun's aborted expedition to Louisbourg. That winter, as a colonel he was placed in command of Fort Edward on the upper Hudson River, the forward outpost on the frontier between British New York and French Canada. He participated in James Abercrombie's disastrous attack on Fort Carillon in 1758, leading one of the attacking columns. In 1759 he served under Jeffery Amherst in his capture of Carillon, and was rewarded with promotion to brigadier general and command of the 1760 expedition from Ticonderoga to Montreal, upon which he joined Amherst and Murray there at the capitulation of Canada in September 1760.
He was then sent by Amherst, who had by then become Governor-General of British North America, to the West Indies, where he participated in the reduction of Martinique and Cuba in 1762, which garnered him a promotion to major general. In 1767 he was made colonel for life of the 45th Regiment of Foot.
He was promoted to lieutenant general in 1774, and served in the defence of Great Britain. He was promoted a full general in 1783, and died the following year. He was twice married, with a son and daughter by his second wife.
During the Seven Years' War Haviland invented a kind of slide rule "that permitted an officer to quickly determine the number of men to be detached from each company of a regiment, or from a regiment in a larger force, if a draft was made against it, consisting of two circular wheels, one within the other, made of ivory, about three inches across, with useful information on regimental organization etched into the back, which was possibly the first mechanical administrative aide ever invented for officers serving in the field."
# William E. Henry

William E. Henry (1918–1994) was an American psychologist who worked on projective personality assessment, particularly in relation to executive leadership. He received the Bruno Klopfer Award in 1973.
# William Johnson Galloway

William Johnson Galloway (5 October 1868 – 28 January 1931) was a British businessman and Conservative politician.
Galloway was born on 5 October 1868 in Sale, Cheshire, and was the only son of John Galloway, JP. He was educated at Wellington College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He made his home at Old Trafford, near Manchester, and became a partner in W & J Galloway & Sons, engineers and boiler makers, in the city.
He was active in the Conservative Party in Manchester, and at the 1892 general election stood unsuccessfully for the party in the South-Eastern or Rugby Division of Warwickshire. In 1895 he was elected as Member of Parliament for Manchester South West. He held the seat until the 1906 general election, when he was defeated by a Labour Party opponent.
Galloway was a Lieutenant in the Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry, later becoming Honorary Colonel of the East Lancashire Royal Engineers, a Volunteer unit (later part of the Territorial Force). During the First World War he was on the staff of the Quartermaster General and also held positions with the Ministry of Information and the Foreign Office.
In 1903, he was elected a director of the Great Eastern Railway Company, becoming chairman of the Locomotive Committee. When the GER was merged into the London and North Eastern Railway, Galloway became a director and was chairman of the Steamships and Continental Committee, a position he held until his death on 28 January 1931, aged 62.
Aside from his Manchester address, Galloway also maintained houses in London and at Skaife (or Scaife) Hall, Otley, Yorkshire. He was also a director of the Blackpool Lane Company and of the Carnforth Hematite Iron Company.
He was elected a Member of the Worshipful Company of Musicians in January 1903.
On his death he was buried in the Galloway family grave at Weaste Cemetery.

## Publications

Galloway published at least three books:
* Musical England
* Operatic Problem
* Advanced Australia
# William Shearer (immunologist)

William Thomas Shearer (23 August 1937 – 9 October 2018) was an American immunologist who is best known for his treatment of David Vetter (1971–1984), the "boy in the bubble".
He graduated from Washington University School of Medicine, trained at St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes Hospital, the medical school's affiliated hospitals, before joining Washington University's faculty. In 1978 he moved from St. Louis to Houston in order to take over David's care. He spent the next 40 years at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, where he founded the Allergy and Immunology Section of the Department of Pediatrics and served as chief for 34 years until his death.
# William Shedd

William Shedd may refer to:
* William Greenough Thayer Shedd, American Presbyterian theologian
* William Ambrose Shedd, American Presbyterian missionary
# William Tassie

William Tassie (1777 – 26 October 1860) was a British gem engraver and cameo modeller of Scottish descent, who worked in London in the early 19th century. He took over the business of his uncle, James Tassie, after James's death in 1799. He added largely to his uncle's collection of casts and medallions. His portrait of Pitt, in particular, was very popular, and circulated widely.
On 28 January 1805, Tassie won the Boydell Shakespeare Gallery and its painting collection in a lottery held to pay off the debts of its owner, John Boydell. Tassie's three-guinea ticket won the top prize among the 22,000 sold. Boydell had died just before the drawing. His nephew Josiah Boydell offered to buy the gallery and its paintings back from Tassie for £10,000, but Tassie refused and auctioned the paintings at Christie's. The painting collection and two reliefs by Anne Damer fetched a total of £6,181 18s. 6d.
Tassie died in 1860 and is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London. He bequeathed to the Board of Manufactures, Edinburgh, an extensive and valuable collection of casts and medallions by his uncle and himself, along with portraits of James Tassie and his wife by the painter David Allan, and a series of watercolour studies by George Sanders from pictures of the Dutch and Flemish schools.
# William Sackville

William Sackville is the name of:
* Sir William Sackville (died 1592), English army officer in the service of Henry IV of France
* William Sackville, 10th Earl De La Warr (1921–1988), British peer
* William Sackville, 11th Earl De La Warr (born 1948), British peer
* William Sackville, Lord Buckhurst (born 1979), son and heir of William Sackville, 11th Earl De La Warr
# William Villiers Brown

William Villiers Brown (c. 1843 – 29 April 1915) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly and the Queensland Legislative Council.

## Public life

Brown was the member for Townsville in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1885 to 1888 and from 1891 to 1893.
He was appointed a member of the Queensland Legislative Council from 1901 to his death in 1915. He served as a minister without portfolio in Robert Philp's government from 1907 to 1908.

## Later life

Brown died on 29 April 1915 and was buried in Toowong Cemetery.
# William Mark Simmons

Wm. (William) Mark Simmons, born 1953 in Independence, Missouri, is an American writer best known for his humorous fantasy and horror novels.
Simmons has worked as a journalist, educator, entertainer, and broadcaster, spending more than 30 years in the latter category working in classical music formats for National Public Radio affiliates.
Although he garnered awards as a journalist in his twenties, he did not turn his talents to long-form fiction until his late thirties, publishing his first novel in 1990. A Compton Crook Award finalist, he made Locus Magazine's "Best Lists" in 1991.
A member of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA), Simmons presently lives in Hutchinson, Kansas where he is the Music Director and Classical Morning host for the Radio Kansas network.
In 2010 Simmons was the Interfilk guest musician at FilkOntario 20, a yearly Filk music conference and convention in Ontario, Canada.