OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# I Do (Jewel song)

"I Do" is a song written and recorded by American recording artist Jewel. It was released in June 2008 as the second single her album Perfectly Clear. The song was Jewel's second Top 40 country hit, although it was less-successful than its predecessor, reaching a peak of number 38 after a short chart run.

## Content

"I Do" is a mid-tempo love song backed primarily with percussion and features steel guitar and string fills, and an electric guitar bridge. The narrator describes a love that is troublesome and with barriers that need to be overcome: "Well, our hearts are locked inside an iron box / We're both too afraid to reveal our most tender parts, oh."

## Official versions

* "I Do" (Album version) - 4:04
* "I Do" (Radio edit) - 3:20

## Critical reception

SFGate recommended "I Do" as one of the best tracks in a review of Perfectly Clear (alongside "Everything Reminds Me of You" and "Till It Feels Like Cheating"). "[They] have a distinct and believable point of view, and the arrangements merge modern Nashville gloss with an acoustic base that works with Jewel's idiosyncratic, breathy voice. Also, her typical lyrical slant — taking a positive yet earthy look at everyday life — fits country music as snugly as two Lego blocks locking together." Hip Online's review of the album, was less favorable, "[It is] pretty, unremarkable. It goes from a total country song like “Stronger Woman” to a folksy track like this is really startling."

## Music video

A music video was released for the song, directed by Peter Zavadil. The video begins with Jewel in a car in the parking lot of a restaurant. She steps out of the car walks into the restaurant, approaching real-life husband, Ty Murray. They leave the restaurant and get into separate cars, before speeding down the highway toward each other. They crash and are then shown together in a field of flowers.

## Chart performance

"I Do" debuted at number 60 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in July. After 9 weeks on the chart, it reached a peak of number 38.
| Chart (2008) | Peak Position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 38 |
# Plaice Island

Plaice Island is an island lying west of Mackerel Island in the Fish Islands, off the west coast of Graham Land. Charted by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill, 1934–37. So named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 because it is one of the Fish Islands.
# John I. Redick

John Irvin Redick (July 29, 1828 – April 2, 1906) was a prominent pioneer professional, public, and business figure in Omaha, Nebraska. He was appointed an associate judge of New Mexico Territory by President Ulysses S. Grant.

## Biography

Redick was the son of a farmer from Wooster, Ohio who was born July 29, 1828. After attending Delaware College in Delaware, Ohio to learn about the law, Redick moved to Lansing, Michigan to enter the bar. After opening a law office, he also started a real estate practice there.
Redick's first marriage was on November 5, 1855, to Mary E. Higby. She died October 30, 1864. Their children were Charles5 Robinson Redick and William Armstrong Redick.
In 1856 Redick and his wife moved to Omaha. In 1859, Redick joined a man named Clinton Briggs in a partnership. Redick and Briggs were reputed to be "at the head of the bar and were engaged in nearly every important case." In 1864, Redick's wife died.
Redick married Mary A.E. May on October 4, 1866. Their children were John Irwin Redick, Jr., Albert Clarkson Redick, Oak Chatham Redick, George May Redick, and Elmer Stephen Redick.
Throughout his career, Redick served as an attorney for the Union Pacific. He was responsible for constructing more than forty buildings in Omaha, and was one of the men who organized and built the Omaha and Northwestern Railroad. He was also one of the organizers of the Grand Central Hotel company. In 1874 Redick organized and become president of the Omaha Merchant Club.
In February, 1887, Redick moved to Los Angeles, California. There he became the founding president of the Southern California National Bank. John's wife Mary died in August 1894.
In July 1890, Redick married Barbara Lyon. John died 2 April 1906, and Barbara died on April 15, 1908.

## Political career

Redick was chairman of the Nebraska Republican delegation to the convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. He was also chairman of the Nebraska delegation to the convention which nominated President Grant for the second term. In 1876, Grant appointed Redick as an associate judge of the 2nd District Court in New Mexico, from which he resigned after one year.

## Legacy

The Redick Mansion was built in 1884 and its 20 acres were sold by the Redick family to the early University of Omaha. It was the first building of the university. Redick Avenue in North Omaha is named after him.

## Prominent buildings

* Founding figures of Omaha, Nebraska
* Redick's Opera House
* Redick Mansion
# Synaptidae

Synaptidae is a family of sea cucumbers that have no tube feet, tentacle ampullae, retractor muscles, respiratory trees, or cuvierian tubules. They also lack radial canals of the water-vascular system, with only the circumoral ring present.
Synaptids have elongated bodies, and their size varies significantly from small to quite large. Synapta maculata grows to two metres in length. They are quite active, moving by means of waves of peristaltic contractions. Their tegument is somewhat sticky because of the anchor-like spicules that project through the skin.

## Genera

According to World Register of Marine Species:
* Anapta Semper, 1867 -- 3 species
* Dactylapta Clark, 1908 -- 1 species
* †Eoleptosynapta Reich in Reich & Ansorge, 2014 -- 1 species
* †Eorynkatorpa Reich in Reich & Ansorge, 2014 -- 1 species
* Epitomapta Heding, 1928 -- 3 species
* Euapta Östergren, 1898 -- 4 species
* Eupatinapta Heding, 1928 -- 2 species
* Labidoplax Östergren, 1898 -- 5 species
* Leptosynapta Verrill, 1867 -- 33 species
* Oestergrenia Heding, 1931 -- 9 species
* Opheodesoma Fisher, 1907 -- 10 species
* Patinapta Heding, 1928 -- 6 species
* Polyplectana Clark, 1908 -- 12 species
* Protankyra Östergren, 1898 -- 37 species
* Rhabdomolgus Keferstein, 1862 -- 1 species
* Rynkatorpa Rowe & Pawson, 1967 -- 13 species
* Synapta Eschscholtz, 1829 -- 2 species
* Synaptula Örstedt, 1849 -- 29 species

## Gallery

* Euapta godeffroyi
* Euapta lappa
* Opheodesoma grisea
* Polyplectana kefersteinii
* Synapta maculata
* Synaptula lamperti
# Jaime Thorne León

Jaime Fernando Thorne León (11 September 1943 – 5 April 2018) was a Peruvian politician who served as the Minister of Defense under the administration of President Alan García Pérez, from September 2010 to July 2011.

## Biography

He was the son of the Peruvian banker and merchant Rollin Thorne Sologuren, former director of the Italian Bank of Lima, and of María Josefina Teresa León y Bueno. His maternal grandfather was José Matías León y Carrera, former Minister of Justice, Education, Worship and Charity.
He was the brother of Ana Teresa Thorne León, wife of former Foreign Minister Fernando de Trazegnies Granda and Marchioness of Torrebermeja as well as uncle of the Archbishop of Lima and Primate of Peru Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne and former Minister of Economy and Finance Alfredo Thorne Vetter.
He studied at the Colegio Inmaculado Corazón and at the Colegio Santa María Marianistas, following his law studies at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru and the National University of Trujillo. He also completed a postgraduate degree in financial accounting at the ESAN University.
He was an arbitrator of the National and International Arbitration Center of the Lima Chamber of Commerce and secretary of the National Elections Jury. He was also a professor of Civil Procedural Law at the University of Lima and was one of the founding partners of the law firm Thorne, Echeandía & Lema Abogados.
A lawyer, Thorne León was the President of the Peruvian National Institute for the Defense of Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Property, a.k.a. INDECOPI, until he was appointed Minister of Defense by President Alan García in September 2010.
# Mongoland

Mongoland is a Norwegian film, from 2001, by Arild Østin Ommundsen.
Having lived in England for six months Pia returns home for Christmas. She is looking for Kristoffer, her boyfriend, who was supposed to go with her abroad. It turns out rather difficult to locate him as she contacts their mutual friends.
Her search for Kristoffer results in meeting several disillusioned people. Her old friend Vegar imagines a physical defect, the rapper Gary can find no inspiration because of a lack of social problems, Wayne fled England as a result of trouble with love. Stian is working at a plant nursery after Kristoffer's fear of travelling caused their band to lose a record deal. This turns out to be also the reason he did not come with her to England.
Amidst all this Santa Claus comes to visit Pia.
# Messina Masekoameng

Mmabogahla Isaiah "Messina" Masekoameng is a South African politician who has represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the Limpopo Provincial Legislature since 2014. He is a former provincial leader of the ANC-allied South African National Civic Organisation (Sanco) in Limpopo.
Masekoameng was formerly the Provincial Chairperson of the Limpopo branch of Sanco, an office which he held by early 2013. In the 2014 general election he was elected to the provincial legislature, ranked 27th on the ANC's provincial party list. In March 2019, as the end of the legislative term approached, his term as Sanco Provincial Chairperson ended when the entire Sanco provincial leadership corps was disbanded and replaced by an interim structure. The interim leadership told Masekoameng that they would not ask the ANC to remove him from the provincial legislature but reminded him that he was on the ANC's party list "on a Sanco ticket". He was re-elected to his legislative seat in the 2019 general election, ranked 9th on the ANC's party list, but was succeeded as Sanco Provincial Chairperson by Champ Sepuru.
# Simon Shinberg

Simon Shinberg (died 2012) was an Australian fashion designer known for popularizing the pantsuit at a time when women wearing pants was considered to be controversial.

## Career

In the 1940s, Shinberg founded the fashion house Sharene Creations in Melbourne which was a success. He later founded the fashion house Mr. Simon which was more affordable. and also licensed designs for international fashion houses. In 1957, he produced a line of costumes for British performer Sabrina. He was known for the diversity of his models, who included Aboriginal Australian and Asian women.
Shinberg designed a women's pantsuit after visiting Paris during the 1960s, which proved controversial. Beginning in 1964, he staged publicity events in which models wearing his pantsuits went to venues such as restaurants and nightclubs which denied entry to women wearing pants. The campaign proved successful, and played a role in the normalization of pants as an item of women's clothing in Australia. He retired in 1989.

## Personal life

Shinberg died in 2012.

## Legacy

In 2017, a posthumous showcase of his original designs made by his daughter Debra Dascal appeared the Melbourne Fashion Festival.
# Kōraku-en

Kōraku-en (後楽園, Kōrakuen) is a Japanese garden located in Okayama, Okayama Prefecture. It is one of the Three Great Gardens of Japan, along with Kenroku-en and Kairaku-en. Korakuen was built in 1700 by Ikeda Tsunamasa, lord of Okayama. The garden reached its modern form in 1863.
Zhu Zhiyu, one of the greatest scholars of Confucianism in the Ming dynasty and Edo Japan, helped to redesign the garden.

## History

In 1687, the daimyō Ikeda Tsunamasa ordered Tsuda Nagatada to begin construction of the garden. It was completed in 1700 and has retained its original appearance to the present day, except for a few changes by various daimyōs. The garden was originally called Kōen (後園 "later garden") because it was built after Okayama Castle. However, since the garden was built in the spirit of senyukoraku (先憂後楽 "grieve earlier than others, enjoy later than others"), the name was changed to Kōrakuen (後楽園) in 1871.
The Korakuen is one of the few daimyō gardens in the provinces where historical change can be observed, thanks to the many Edo period paintings and Ikeda family records and documents left behind. The garden was used as a place for entertaining important guests and also as a spa of sorts for daimyōs, although regular folk could visit on certain days.
In 1884, ownership was transferred to Okayama Prefecture and the garden was opened to the public. The garden suffered severe damage during the floods of 1934 and by bombing damage in 1945 during World War II. It has been restored based on Edo-period paintings and diagrams. In 1952, the Kōrakuen was designated as a "Special Scenic Location" under the Cultural Properties Protection Law and is managed as a historical cultural asset to be passed to future generations.

## Features of the Garden

The garden is located on the north bank of the Asahi River on an island between the river and a developed part of the city. The garden was designed in the Kaiyu ("scenic promenade") style which presents the visitor with a new view at every turn of the path which connects the lawns, ponds, hills, tea houses, and streams.
The garden covers a total area of approximately 133,000 square meters, with the grassed area covering approximately 18,500 square meters. The length of the stream which runs through the garden is 640 meters. It features a central pond called Sawa-no-ike (Marsh Pond), which contains three islands purported to replicate the scenery around Lake Biwa near Kyoto.

## Gallery

* Kyokusui (曲水, Kyokusui)
* Enyo-tei House
* View from Yuishinzan Hill
* Mino-shima
* Korakuen Park, Okayamaby Kawase Hasui, 1934
# Placido Falconio

Placido Falconio, also called Falconi in some sources, was an Italian composer of the 16th century. His birth and death dates are unknown; his first publication dates from 1575, his last from 1588.
In 1549, he entered a Benedictine monastery, and the title pages of his published works indicate that he was a monk in the abbey of Monte Cassino at the time of their printing. According to the dedication of Falconio's Psalmodia vespertina (Vespers psalms), the composer was part of a group or consortium that helped introduce Venetian music printing methods into his native Brescia.
Falconio's works are all of the sacred vocal category, and include introits, alleluias, magnificats, psalm settings, and works relating to the Passion. He seems to have taken pains in many cases to make his works readily performable even for less-trained forces in smaller parishes. This is illustrated in that, despite the prevailing atmosphere of polychoral works, or at least works for five or more voices, Falconio wrote often for but four voices, and even for three on one occasion, a Voces Christi. Contributing also to this accessibility is the simple, homophonic nature shared by many of his works, though of course such an idiom had begun to dominate in the post-Tridentine era of the 1570s and 80s. Perhaps more telling, then, of Falconio's practicality is that, when he did compose in a more contrapuntal fashion, in his collection Introitus et Alleluia per omnes festivitates totius anni, he included an explicit part for organ accompaniment in the publication. While Falconio almost surely did not invent the technique, and this work of 1575 is very probably pre-dated by the presence of other such organ parts in manuscript, it contains the first known published example of "basso seguente." This technique, in which a line for organ simply provides the lowest note being sounded in the vocal parts at any given time, is the precursor of the basso continuo (for further explanation of this, see Figured bass).
# John Leslie-Melville

John Leslie-Melville may refer to:
* John Leslie-Melville, 12th Earl of Leven (1886–1913), Scottish soldier and banker
* John Leslie-Melville, 9th Earl of Leven (1786–1876), Scottish peer and soldier
# Thennamaravadi

Thennamaravadi is a fishing village located in Kuchchaveli Pradhesiya Sabha of the Trincomalee district. It is 73 km from Trincomalee town.
# Synapto-pHluorin

Synapto-pHluorin is a genetically encoded optical indicator of vesicle release and recycling. It is used in neuroscience to study transmitter release. It consists of a pH-sensitive form of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the luminal side of a vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP). At the acidic pH inside transmitter vesicles, synapto-pHluorin is non-fluorescent (quenched). When vesicles get released, synapto-pHluorin is exposed to the neutral extracellular space and the presynaptic terminal becomes brightly fluorescent. Following endocytosis, vesicles become re-acidified and the cycle can start again. Chemical alkalinization of all vesicles is often used for normalization of the synapto-pHluorin signals. Synapto-pHluorin sometimes consists of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) to monitor the cytoplasm because its pK$_a$ is higher than GFP (7.1 versus 6.0).

## History

Synapto-pHluorin was invented by Gero Miesenböck in 1998. In 2006, an improved version was published, using synaptophysin to target the GFP to vesicles. In 2013, a two-color release sensor (ratio-sypHy) was introduced to determine the size of the recycling pool at individual synapses.

## Applications

Synapto-pHluorin is mainly used by neurobiologists to study transmitter release and recycling at presynaptic terminals. It has also been applied to the study of insulin secretion in beta cells of the pancreas.
# Sangpunggang station

Sangp'unggang station is a railway station in Unbong-rodongjagu, Chasŏng County, Chagang Province, North Korea, on the Pukbunaeryuk Line of the Korean State Railway; it is also the starting point of the Unbong Line.

## History

Although the Unbong Line was opened in 1959, the halt at Sangp'unggang was opened only on 27 November 1987 when construction of the first western section (Sangp'unggang–Chasŏng) of the Pukbunaeryuk Line was completed; as far as this point, the Unbong Line was absorbed into the new Pukpu Line, and Sangp'unggang became the junction point of the Pukpu Line and the truncated remainder of the Unbong Line.
# Legislative Council of Newfoundland

The Legislative Council of Newfoundland was the upper house of the General Assembly of Newfoundland from 1833 to 1934.
The Legislative Council was appointed by the governor of Newfoundland, not elected. Bills were submitted by the House of Assembly to the Council, which could approve, reject or amend them; if amended, bills were returned to the House of Assembly for approval.
From 1842 to 1848, the elected House of Assembly and appointed Legislative Council sat together as a single Amalgamated Assembly. After 1848, the two legislative bodies again sat separately.
In 1854, the British Government granted a new constitution to Newfoundland establishing an Executive Council of not more than seven members of the majority party and a Legislative Council of not more than 15 members upon nomination of the ministry.
The Legislative Council of Newfoundland and the House of Assembly met for the last time in February 1934 to pass the legislation which provided for their suspensions. The Royal Commission which was established in 1933 concluded that Newfoundland's problems were self-made, as noted in the Amulree Report, and it was recommended that the legislature be suspended and be replaced by a Commission of Government appointed by the British Government.
When the Newfoundland House of Assembly was reinstituted following the admission of the dominion into Canadian Confederation the Legislative Council was not brought back into existence. However, Term 14(2) of the Newfoundland Terms of Union allows for the province to re-establish the Legislative Council.
# Mongolata, South Australia

Mongolata is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. The modern locality was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name".
The Hundred of Mongolata was proclaimed by Governor Anthony Musgrave on 30 December 1875, derived from an Aboriginal name. Mongolata Post Office opened on 1 April 1878 and closed on 31 December 1946. A government town named "Tracy" near the Poonunda Homestead was surveyed in June 1881, but was not successful and was incorporated into the broader Mongolata locality. The modern locality is smaller than the cadastral hundred on the northern, western and eastern sides.
It was settled as a farming area, with the first residents planting potatoes and then later barley; however, they often struggled for lack of rain. A school was established in the late 1800s, but closed in 1898. Gold was discovered at Mongolata in 1930, and at its peak 120 men worked on the field. A government battery and cyanide plant were completed in 1932 and opened in March 1933. Attempts were made to reopen a school at Mongolata for the mining families in 1935–1936, but this was unsuccessful. Most miners had left by the end of 1936, but the largest mine on the field, the Byles' Mine, remained in operation, operating until 1954, when both the mine and battery closed.
The field produced about 11,000oz of gold extracted from 7,749t of ore. Byles mine was the most significant producer with 3.900oz, followed by Takati (2,900oz)and Baldina (1,400oz) mines. Especially Takati was known for rich specimen gold, the largest piece weighing 216oz. Gold was almost entirely extracted from a stockwork-type mineralisation within the Neoproterozoic Cox sandstone. The quartz veins are rich in goethite, often pseudomorph after siderite. Native gold is mostly associated with goethite. Alluvial mining along the range front of the Mongolata goldfield remained largely unsuccessful.
The historic Mongolata Goldfield Ruins, including the remnants of the cyanide works, eating house, dugouts and former Byles' Mine, are located off Mongolata Road and listed on the South Australian Heritage Register. The goldfield is significant as one of only two established in South Australia during the Great Depression.
# Merchandiser

A merchandiser is a type of arcade gaming device, which features a machine that contains a display of merchandise, which can be won by playing the game. In the trade, such games are described as "skill with prize" (SWP) games, and are a hybrid of games of skill and games of chance, with the preponderance of skill or chance differing between devices and often able to be set by the operator.

## Description

Claw cranes are the most common example of a merchandiser. The player guides a claw in an attempt to pick up a prize and drop it into a hole. Other types of merchandisers can offer prizes ranging from cheap and inexpensive to high end merchandise such as handheld game consoles and mobile phones.
A similar class of games are redemption games, where tickets are won and can be redeemed for merchandise prizes, rather than merchandise being won directly. These are both modern forms of carnival games.
Some games can be configured as either redemption games or merchandisers, such as Flamin' Finger.

## Examples

Examples include:
* Claw crane
* Stacker
* Money booth

## Regulation

As skill with prize machines, merchandisers are in a legal grey area, due to containing elements of skill and of chance, particularly since payout percentages can to a large extent be set by the operator – such setting leads to machines being described as rigged. They are generally regulated separately from games of pure chance such as slot machines; see Claw vending machine § Legality for statutes pertaining to claw machines.
Claims of being largely or entirely skill-based can expose the operator to accusations of unfair practices; thus some lawyers advise operators to not advertise the machines as being skill-based.