OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# KOGA (disambiguation)

KOGA may refer to:
* KOGA (AM), a radio station (930 AM) licensed to Ogallala, Nebraska, United States
* KOGA-FM, a radio station (99.7 FM) licensed to Ogallala, Nebraska, United States
* KOGA, a Dutch bicycle manufacturer
# The Goodman's Croft

The Goodman's Croft was a superstition common in 16th and 17th century Great Britain, particularly in Scotland. It was also known as the Guideman's Grunde, Halyman's Croft, Goodman's Fauld, Gi'en Rig, Deevil's Craft, Clooties Craft, and the Black Faulie. The practice consisted of leaving a portion of cultivable land untilled and devoting it to a supernatural being in the hopes of placating it and ensuring good fortune. Many crofters left patches of land untilled to ensure that their livelihood would thrive. If a crofter was to cultivate this land, it was believed that it would bring bad fortune, particularly in the form of cattle diseases.

## Religious opposition

Most early extant records of the 'Good Man's Croft' are from the records of religious groups that condemned it.
An early example of this condemnation by a religious group was in 1594 by the General Assembly of the Reformed Kirk. They defined it as "not labouring ane parcell of ground dedicate to the Devil, under the name of Goodman's Croft." The Kirk believed this to be a form of Satan worship, but suggestions have been made that these were more ancient offerings to general 'spirits':
   ‘The good man’ who owns the croft is an ambiguous figure. He is an imagined source of magical power, and, in the context of the Christian church, could only be understood as the devil – an instance of the process of demonisation of the gods and spirits of the pagan past.
Church forces laboured to abolish the practice throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, particularly through the use of heavy fines on those who were proven to have practised it.
Although the practice of keeping the 'Good Man's Croft' has been linked to Jonet Wishert in Aberdeen in 1596 for witchcraft, there are no records of the untilled field called the good man's croft in the witchcraft database.

## End of practice

Many portions of land that were left uncultivated as part of this practice were not tilled until the 19th century, when economic pressure forced crofters to utilise all their land. The crofters were faced with a stark choice between paying large fines imposed by religious authorities, or by causing the supernatural death of their cattle by cultivating 'Good Man's Croft'.
# Paolo Domenico Finoglia

Paolo Domenico Finoglia, or Finoglio (c. 1590 – 1645), was an Italian painter of the early-Baroque period, active mainly in South Italy, including Naples and towns in Apulia.

## Life

Finoglia was born in Orta di Atella, near Naples, but sometimes signed his work Neapolitanus. He likely apprenticed with Ippolito Borghese, but derived from Battistello Caracciolo a tenebrist style, similar to that of Caravaggio.
In 1610–1616, he completed a series of works in Lecce, including altarpieces and episodes from Life of Abraham during his stay in Lecce, which now decorate the presbytery of the Church of San Giovanni d'Aymo.
He painted extensively in 1620–1626 in the Certosa di San Martino in Naples. He painted a Baptism of St Celsus (c. 1635) for the Pozzuoli Cathedral. He also painted a number of Immaculate Conceptions, including versions in San Lorenzo Maggiore of Naples; in the Annunziata of Airola; in the church of San Francesco in Montesarchio; and in the Palais des Beaux-Arts in Lille, as well as a Virgin with saints Margaret, Bernard & Anthony of Padua (1634) for the church of Santi Bernardo e Margherita a Fonseca in Naples, and an Annunciation and Bride of the seven canticles for the church of the Annunziata at Airola.
One of Finoglia's masterpieces is the decorative series of ten large canvases on episodes of Torquato Tasso's epic Gerusalemme Liberata. The series was commissioned for the family castle starting in 1634 by the count of Conversano, Giangirolamo II Acquaviva d'Aragona. Finoglia first started working for the Count in 1622, when he decorated the bedroom ceilings with scenes from the story of Jacob and Rachel. He later decorated the church of Santi Cosma e Damiano in Conversano. The decoration of Tasso's work began in 1640, and continued until Finoglia's death in Conversano in 1645. The large canvases include representations of:
* The Torture of Olindo and Sofronia
* The encounter of Clorinda and Tancredi
* The duel between Raimondo di Tolosa and Argante
* Baptism and death of Clorinda
* Rinaldo and Armida in the enchanted garden
* Carlo and Ubaldo urge Rinaldo to fulfill his duty
* Armida tries to restrain Rinaldo
* Rinaldo abandons the enchanted Island
* Erminia discovers the wounded Tancredi
* Rinaldo, victorious, puts the enemy into flight
The paintings had come into private hands, and were re-acquired by the town and rehung in their original places in the Castello. Among his pupils were Carlo Rosa and Nicola Gliri.
# M. B. Hassan Jr.

Mohammed Majid bin Hassan Junior (born 1949) is a former Hong Kong international lawn and indoor bowler.

## Bowls career

Hassan started playing aged 13 and has played for both Somerset and Essex in addition to the Indian Recreation Club in So Kon Po Valley.
He won a gold medal in the fours at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton.
He won two medals at the Asia Pacific Bowls Championships including a gold medal in the 1985 triples at Tweed Heads, New South Wales.
# The Science of Consciousness

The Science of Consciousness (TSC; formerly Toward a Science of Consciousness) is an international academic conference that has been held biannually since 1994. It is organized by the Center for Consciousness Studies of the University of Arizona. Alternate conferences are held in Arizona (either Tucson or Phoenix), and the others in locations worldwide. The conference is devoted exclusively to the investigation of consciousness.

## Associated people

The main organizer is Stuart Hameroff, an anestheologist and the director of the center that hosts the conference. One of the speakers at the first conference, David Chalmers, had co-organized some of the following ones, until the event became too far away from the scientific mainstream.

## Conference books

Three books published by MIT Press have resulted from the conference.
John Benjamins published a book containing selected proceedings from TSC 1999.

## Independent academic coverage

* An essay review Toward a science of consciousness:Tucson I and II by J. Gray was printed in ISR Interdisciplinary Science Reviews Volume 24 Issue 4 (1 April 1999), pp. 255–260.
* Michael Punt reviewed TSC 2002 in the journal Leonardo.
* In the Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research, Christopher Holvenstot reviewed TSC 2011, likening it to The Greatest Show on Earth.
* A review of TSC 2012 may be found in the Journal of Consciousness Studies.
* A commentary on dropping the word "Toward" was published in the Journal of Consciousness Studies in 2016.

## Media coverage

Chapter 8 of John Horgan's book The Undiscovered Mind is entirely devoted to his experiences at the first (1994) TSC conference.
In The New York Times, George Johnson wrote about the 2016 conference that "wild speculations and carnivalesque pseudoscience were juxtaposed with sober sessions".
The conference and its main organizers were the subject of a long feature in June 2018, first in the Chronicle of Higher Education, and re-published in The Guardian. Tom Bartlett concluded that the conference was "more or less the Stuart [Hameroff] Show. He decides who will and who will not present. [...] Some consciousness researchers believe that the whole shindig has gone off the rails, that it’s seriously damaging the field of consciousness studies, and that it should be shut down."
# Keith Morgan

Keith Morgan may refer to:
* Keith Morgan (judoka) (born 1973), Canadian Olympic judoka
* Keith N. Morgan, American architectural historian
* Junior Kelly (Keith Morgan, born 1969), Jamaican reggae artist
* Keith Morgan (footballer) (born 1940), footballer with Swindon Town
# KKJ (disambiguation)

KKJ may refer to:
* Kamikaze Kaitō Jannu or Phantom Thief Jeanne, a magical girl shōjo manga series
* Kitakyushu Airport, the IATA code KKJ
* Kokura Airport, the former IATA code KKJ
* Bantu language, the ISO 639-3 code KKJ
* Kylie Jenner, whose initials are KKJ
# Rude (surname)

Rude is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anna Elizabeth Rude (1876–1960), American physician, health official
* Dick Rude (born 1964), writer, actor, and film director
* Ellen Sergeant Rude (1838-1916), American writer and poet
* François Rude (1784–1855), French sculptor
* George Rudé (1910–1993), British Marxist historian
* Gilbert T. Rude (1881–1962), American Coast and Geodetic Survey and Navy officer
* Rick Rude (1958–1999), ring name of American wrestler Richard Rood
* Steve Rude (born 1956), American comics artist
# Loxostege offumalis

Loxostege offumalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Duryea Hulst in 1886. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California.
The wingspan is 19–22 mm. The forewings are fuscous, shaded with black. There is a black basal dash, as well as a black reniform and orbicular spot. The hindwings are dark fuscous with a central row of black spots and a fuscous marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing from February to March.
# Jadunath Supakar

Jadunath Supakar (born 10 February 1931, date of death unknown) was an Indian artist and textile designer. He was born on 10 February 1931 in Sambalpur in the Indian state of Odisha and was known for his contributions for the popularization of handloom industry of Varanasi. He was a recipient of the Odisha Lalit Kala Academy Award and his creations have been exhibited in several countries. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1985. His son, Sribhash Chandra Supakar, is also a textile designer and a national award winner. Supakar is deceased.
# Pacerailer

The Pacerailer was a prototype railbus, a vehicle consisting of a bus-style body on a four-wheeled railway-vehicle chassis, built by Charles Sadler Ashby's Sadler Rail Coach Company (SRC) in the 1960s. Unlike most other railbuses, it was intended as a luxurious vehicle which could give good views on scenic routes, and the bodywork and seating was based on motor coaches rather than buses.
Following the closure of Droxford station, on the Meon Valley Railway in Hampshire, both it and the track south to Wickham station were leased by SRC, who used the line to demonstrate the Pacerailer to potential buyers. A section of the line was rebuilt with a 1:10 incline to demonstrate the vehicle's abilities on steep gradients. Weighing just 6 tons, it had a good power-to-weight ratio and could reach 70 mph. The wheels had metal flanges but also solid rubber tyres.
There were problem with vandalism at the site, with the tracks intentionally blocked and points jammed in an effort to derail vehicles, and on 4 May 1970 the Pacerailer prototype was burned out and badly damaged. Ashby was in advanced negotiations to reopen the line between Cowes and Ryde on the Isle of Wight using Pacerailers. It was alleged that one of the Isle of Wight's bus companies was behind the vandalism and arson at Droxford. The underframe survives; as of 2022 it is currently located on the Isle of Wight Steam Railway, used as the structure for a pedestrian bridge.
Ashby died in February 1976 and SRC was dissolved in December 1976, having failed to sell the Pacerailer to any railway company.
A similar concept, the Pacer, was successfully developed by British Rail in the 1980s.
# U. Conrad Vincent

Dr. U. Conrad Vincent was an American physician.
Vincent graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Medical School in 1917. He applied for and was initially rejected for an internship at Bellevue Hospital; however, Mayor John Hylan requested that his application be reconsidered, and he then became the first African American intern at the hospital. He became a urological surgeon and founded the Vincent Sanitarium and Hospital in Harlem in 1929.
# The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care

The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of Endocrinology. The journal's editor is James Fain, PhD, RN, BC-ADM, FAAN (University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth). It has been in publication since 1980 and until 2021 was titled The Diabetes Educator. It is currently published by SAGE Publications in association with the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists.

## Scope

The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care publishes original articles on topics such as patient care and education, clinical practice and clinical research. The multidisciplinary journal takes the view of diabetes education as represented by nurses, dieticians, physicians and other professionals. The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care aims to serve as a reference for the science and practice of diabetes management.

## Abstracting and indexing

The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care is abstracted and indexed in Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2014 impact factor is 1.792, ranking it 98 out of 128 journals in the category ‘Endocrinology & Metabolism’. and ranking it 52 out of 145 journals in the category ‘Public, Environmental, and Occupational Health’.
# Stan Lee Foundation

The Stan Lee Foundation is a non-profit organization that seeks to provide access to literacy, education and the arts throughout the United States. It was founded by comic creator Stan Lee in 2010 and Its leadership includes Lee (Chairman Emeritus), Theodore A. Adams, III (Chairman), and Junko Kobayashi (President).
# KKJQ

KKJQ (97.3 FM, "Q97") is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Its city of license is Garden City, Kansas, United States. The station is currently owned by MURFIN DRILLING COMPANY, through licensee Western Kansas Broadcast Center, LLC, and features programming from Westwood One and Premiere Radio Networks.

## History

The station went on the air as KBUF-FM on February 1, 1980. On July 23, 1984, the station changed its call sign to the current KKJQ. National Association of Farm Broadcasters honoree Loretta P. "Lory Williams" Johnson served as the farm broadcaster at KKJQ from 1986 until her death in 2021.
# Nadolice

Nadolice may refer to:
* Nadolice Małe, Klein Nädlitz/Naedlitz, Nädlau, Gmina Czernica, Poland
* Nadolice Wielkie, Groß Nädlitz/Gross Naedlitz, Nädlingen, Gmina Czernica, Poland
# Kabba/Bunu

Kabba/Bunu is a Local Government Area in Kogi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Kabba on the A123 highway in the southwest of the area at7°49′43″N 6°04′23″E﻿ / ﻿7.82861°N 6.07306°E﻿ / 7.82861; 6.07306.
It has an area of 2,706 km$^2$ (1,045 sq mi) and a population of 145,446 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 261.

## Languages

The people of Kabba/Bunu generally speak Okun which is the language of the Yoruba-speaking community in Kogi State. However, there is a little difference in the way the language is spoken within the Local Government Area. The Kabba people pride themselves as the native speaker of the Owé dialect while those from Bunu district refers to theirs as Èdè Abinu.

## Politics

Since Kabba/Bunu comprises two districts (Kabba and Bunu), the Chairmanship position is rotated between the two components with the Deputy Chairmanship position going in the opposite direction.
The incumbent Chairman of the Local Government is Hon. Moses Olorunleke of the All Progressives Congress.
# Jadunath Kisku

Jadunath Kisku (1 July 1923 – 1985) was an Indian politician and a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) political party. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India in 1977 from Jhargram constituency in West Bengal.
# List of political parties in Bhutan

In Bhutan, political parties need to be registered with Election Commission to contest National Assembly elections. Political parties can only contest National Assembly elections, since being an independent is a requirement for contesting National Council and local government elections.
Besides the official registered parties that came into existence after the democratisation of Bhutan, many Bhutanese parties have been operating in exile since the 1990s. Most of these parties are run by exiled people from the Lhotshampa community from the refugee camps in Nepal.

## Official parties

In Bhutan, political parties need to be registered with Election Commission of Bhutan to participate in the Bhutanese elections.

### Active parties

| Party | Abbr. | Registered | Ideology | Position | Assembly seats |
| People's Democratic Party མི་སེར་དམངས་གཙོའི་ཚོགས་པ་། | PDP | 2007 | Royalism Liberalism Progressivism | Centre to centre-left | 30 / 47 |
| Druk Phuensum Tshogpa འབྲུག་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ། | DPT | 2007 | Conservatism Royalism | Centre-right | 0 / 47 |
| Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa འབྲུག་མཉམ་རུབ་ཚོགས་པ་། | DNT | 2013 | Social democracy | Centre-left | 0 / 47 |
| Druk Thuendrel Tshogpa འབྲུག་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པ། | DTT | 2022 | Buddhist capitalism | | 0 / 47 |
| Bhutan Tendrel Party བྷུ་ཊཱན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པ་། | BTP | 2023 | | Centre | 17 / 47 |

### Deregistered parties

In 2018, Druk Chirwang Tshogpa was deregistered by the Election Commission on its own request.
In 2023, the Bhutan Kuen-Nyam Party deregistered after years of low activity. The party had failed to find a new leader after Neten Zangmo resigned the position in 2018.

## Other political parties

The following parties are all based in exile.
* Bhutan Democratic Socialist Party
* Bhutan Gorkha National Liberation Front
* Bhutan National Congress
* Bhutan National Democratic Party
* Bhutan National Party
* Bhutan Peoples' Party
* Bhutanese Movement Steering Committee
* Communist Party of Bhutan (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist)
** Bhutan Tiger Force
* Druk National Congress
The Druk National Congress was formed in exile in Kathmandu, Nepal on June 16, 1994.
On August 26, 2010, Bhutanese political parties in exile formed an umbrella group to pursue a "unified democratic movement led by Rongthong Kunley Dorji, President of the Druk National Congress. The group's offices opened in Kathmandu in November 2010, and it seems to receive some measure of support from the Nepalese government.
# Panglao

Panglao may refer to either:
* Panglao, Bohol
* Panglao Island, on which the above municipality is located.
# Pachomius nigrus

Pachomius nigrus (syn. Romitia nigra) is a jumping spider and the type species of the genus Pachomius (syn. Romitia). It is found in Guyana and French Guiana.
# Kansas State Wildcats women's volleyball

The Kansas State Wildcats volleyball program is the intercollegiate volleyball program of the Kansas State University Wildcats. The program is classified in the NCAA Division I, and the team competes in the Big 12 Conference. Kansas State's volleyball team began competition in 1974. Jason Mansfield has served as head coach since the start of the 2023 season.

## History

While the program was moderately successful through much of their early years, finishing with just over a .500 winning percentage in the 1970s, Kansas State Volleyball struggled throughout much of the 1980s and early 1990s, not making a single NCAA tournament appearance or finishing with an above .500 record in Big Eight play. From 1991 to 1993, the program only won one game in conference play (coming in 1991), finishing 0–12 both in 1992 and 1993.
The program direction started to change however, with the hiring of Jim Moore in 1994. While only modestly improving to 3–9 in Big Eight play in his first year, the Wildcats won 21 games in 1995, and finished 1996 with 26 wins, and tied for fourth in the newly minted Big 12 Conference. 1996 also marked the program's first ever berth into the NCAA women's volleyball tournament, where they defeated Cal State Northridge in the first round before losing to Washington State in the Second round. While Moore left the program before the 1997 season for Big 12 Rival University of Texas, his tenure marked a tremendous turnaround for the program.
Jim McLaughlin followed Jim Moore in the 1997 season, leading the program to four more consecutive NCAA Tournament berths during each year of his tenure, including their first ever NCAA Sweet Sixteen berth in the 2000 season. His time as head coach of the program marked a period of continued success for the Wildcats.

### 2013 World University games

The Kansas State volleyball team served as the U.S. national squad at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Russia. The team posted a 1–5 record at the tournament.

### Season results

Statistics overview :
* Season record |||||

## Coaches' history

All-Time coaches:
* Ann Heider (1974): 22–20–4, .524
* Mary Phyl Dwight (1975–78): 107–91–05, .540
* Ron Spies (1979): 15–16–3, .686
* Scott Nelson (1980–90): 168–176–1, .488
* Patti Hagemeyer (1991–93): 24–66, .267
* Jim Moore (1994–96): 61–34, .642
* Jim McLaughlin (1997–2000): 82–43, .656
* Suzie Fritz (2001–2022): 393–263, .599
* Jason Mansfield (2023–present): 0–0
# The Tale of Chloe

The Tale of Chloe, subtitled An Episode in the History of Beau Beamish, is a tragic novel by English novelist George Meredith. Initially published in 1879, it was later published as a novel in 1890.

## Characters

Chloe's (Catherine Martinsward) character was based on Miss Fanny Braddock, the sister of General Braddock, a soldier and commander in the French and Indian War. Her character follows the convention of Meredith's heroines, women whose rash decisions make 'personal disaster', that requires the strength of heart each one owns to carry them through.
Mr Camwell is a devotee of Chloe's.
Sir Martin Caseldy, a former beau of Chloe's.
Susan, Duchess of Dewlap, a former dairymaid married to an elderly duke.
Mr Beau Beamish, a friend of Chloe's.

## Plot

Catherine Martinsward ('Chloe') sacrifices her fortune to save her lover, Caseldy, from prison, but he then deserts her. Years later, he seduces Duchess Susan. Chloe grows close to the younger woman, and seeks to save her from a ruinous elopement. She ultimately commits suicide by Susan's doorway.

## Themes

Consistent with Meredith's other work of this period, The Tale of Chloe supports the rights and respect of women. Ives claims that The Tale of Chloe, The Case of General Ople and Lady Camper and The House on the Beach 'occupy both a chronological and thematic transition period between the early and late novels, during which [Meredith's] feminism intensified.'

## Background

The novel was first published in the New Quarterly Magazine in July 1879, after which it was published 10 more times in Meredith's lifetime. It is categorised together with The House on the Beach and The Case of General Ople and Lady Camper, all being short novels of the late 1870s. Its date of composition is debated; Beer places it in 1868-9.
A main source for the novel is Oliver Goldsmith's The Life of Richard Nash, first highlighted by an anonymous writer in the Saturday Westminster Gazette. Meredith claimed that, although he had read the Goldsmith in his youth, any influence on Chloe was 'unconscious', perhaps because of previous accusations that he had not acknowledged sources adequately.