OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wild Cat (Hersheypark)

The Wild Cat, originally named The Joy Ride, was a wooden roller coaster located at Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania. The roller coaster was constructed in 1923 by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company (PTC). Under an agreement between Hersheypark and PTC, Hersheypark leased the land the coaster occupied, while PTC owned and operated the coaster. The agreement was for 15 years, at which point they had the option to extend the contract. The contract was ultimately extended to 1945. The roller coaster operated from June 16, 1923, through September 1945. PTC and Hershey Park elected to close The Wild Cat and construct a new roller coaster in 1946.
The Wild Cat was the first roller coaster where Herbert Schmeck was credited as the designer.

## History

Milton S. Hershey had The Wild Cat built at a cost of $50,000, to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the town of Hershey. The Wild Cat is a wooden rollercoaster. It was the first roller coaster built in Hersheypark. However, unlike all other roller coasters built at the park since, Wild Cat was owned by the Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters (PTC) and the land the ride was built on was leased to PTC on an agreement that expired in 1945.
When the ride opened on June 16, 1923, it was called The Joy Ride, but it was shortly after renamed Wild Cat. The ride stood approximately where the Trailblazer and Storm Runner's Immelmann loop/twist, double roll and snake dive are currently, and the ride went through a tunnel behind the present-day Triple Towers and "Our Friends of the Sea" sea lion show. The first woman to ride the roller coaster is Miss Marion Murrie, the daughter of Hershey baseball coach and Hershey Chocolate factory worker William Murrie.
The roller coaster operated through the 1945 season. It had been decided that Wild Cat would be torn down and replaced with a new wooden roller coaster in a different area of the park (now called Comet Hollow). It had fallen into significant disrepair as a result of the Second World War economy requiring most wood and supplies to go to the United States' war effort. Schmeck designed the replacement roller coaster, Comet, which was Milton Hershey's last purchased ride (he died before Comet's completion), and is still in operation as of the 2022 Hersheypark season.
In 1996, Hersheypark revived the Wildcat name for a wooden roller coaster constructed by Great Coasters International, using the slogan, The Cat is back! This coaster closed on July 31, 2022. It was replaced by Wildcat's Revenge, a hybrid roller coaster constructed by Rocky Mountain Construction, which opened in 2023.
# Wilberlee

Wilberlee is a hamlet in the Colne Valley, in the Kirklees district, in the county of West Yorkshire, England. It is near the town of Huddersfield and the village of Slaithwaite. Wilberlee has a school called Wilberlee Junior and Infant School.
# Wild Bird

Wild Bird is an album by American pianist Hal Galper released on the Mainstream label in 1972.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

All compositions by Hal Galper.
* "Trilogy: Convocation" – 7:05
* "Trilogy: Wild Bird" – 8:03
* "Trilogy: Change Up" – 5:04
* "This Moment" – 11:40
* "Whatever" – 7:14

## Personnel

* Hal Galper – electric piano
* Randy Brecker – trumpet, electric trumpet
* Michael Brecker – tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone
* Jonathan Graham – electric guitar
* Bob Mann – electric guitar
* Victor Gaskin – bass, electric bass
* Charles LaChappelle – bass, electric bass
* Bill Goodwin – drums
* Billy Hart – drums
# William Danby (writer)

William Danby (1752 – 4 December 1833) was an English writer who rebuilt his family home of Swinton Park, near Masham in the North Riding of Yorkshire (now in North Yorkshire), in Gothick taste and recreated Stonehenge on his estate, as the "Druids' Temple". His house is now a hotel and his Stonehenge a picnickers' spot on nearby Forestry Commission land at Ilton.
Danby was the only son of the Reverend William Danby DD (1712-1781) of Swinton Park, and Mary, daughter of Gilbert Affleck of Dalham, Suffolk. From 1763 to 1770 he had a private tutor at Eton College. On 24 October 1770 he was admitted as a fellow-commoner to Christ's College, Cambridge. In 1784 he served the office of High Sheriff of Yorkshire. He was twice married: first in 1775 to Caroline (d. 1821), daughter of Henry Seymour, and second on 5 January 1822 to Anne Holwell, second daughter of William Gater.
Danby almost entirely rebuilt his country house at Swinton, from designs by John Carr and local builder-architects, with some interior design contributed by James Wyatt. It included a handsome library and a richly furnished museum of minerals. Describing a tour which he made in 1829, the poet Robert Southey remarked, "The most interesting person whom I saw during this expedition was Mr. Danby of Swinton Park, a man of very large fortune, and now very old."
Danby was an accomplished scholar and wrote some works of personal philosophy that include: Thoughts, Chiefly on Serious Subjects (1821), Ideas and Realities, or, Thoughts on Various Subjects (1827), Extracts from and observations on Cicero's dialogues De senectute and De amicitia, and a translation of his Somnium Scipionis, with notes (1829), and Thoughts on Various Subjects (1831). Danby died at Swinton Park on 4 December 1833. He left no children.
He was elected as a Vice-President of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society in 1824.
# Wilhelm Camerer

Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Camerer (17 October 1842 – 25 March 1910) was a German physician born in Stuttgart. Camerer was a pioneer in the field of pediatric medicine.
He studied medicine at the universities of Tübingen and Vienna. At Tübingen he was a student of physiologist Karl von Vierordt (1818–1884). From 1867 to 1876 he was a general practitioner in several communities throughout Württemberg, afterwards working as a physician in the town of Riedlingen (1876–1884). During the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), he served as a military physician.
From 1884 onward, he was a physician based in Urach, where he was later appointed Oberamtsarzt (medical officer). In 1895 he received an honorary degree in natural sciences from the University of Tübingen.
Camerer is remembered for his studies of infant nutrition and psychophysics as well as research involving metabolism in children. In 1894 he published an influential work on childhood metabolism called "Der Stoffwechsel des Kindes", etc. His work in pediatrics included important research on the composition of breast milk.

## Associated eponym

* "Camerer's law": Law which states that "children of the same weight have the same food requirements regardless of their ages".
# The Dick Knost Show

The Dick Knost Show is a 2013 Canadian comedy film written and directed by Bruce Sweeney. The film stars Tom Scholte as Dick Knost, an opinionated loudmouth sports broadcaster who undergoes a personal transformation after suffering a concussion.
It premiered in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival. It also won Best BC Film at the Vancouver International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Tom Butler
* John Cassini as David
* Jillian Fargey
* David Lovgren
* Gabrielle Rose as Kelly
* Laara Sadiq
* Zak Santiago
* Tom Scholte
* Paul Skrudland
* Alexandra Staseson
* Qelsey Zeeper
# Will Macdonald

Will Macdonald (born 1966) is a British television producer, executive and writer who first became known for his association with Chris Evans with whom he devised and produced the Channel 4 programmes Don't Forget Your Toothbrush and TFI Friday.
On TFI Friday Macdonald also appeared on screen as Evans’ sidekick, a running gag being reference to him as “Wiiiiill” with audience members pointing their fingers at him as they chanted his name. He also produced MTV's Most Wanted and went on to be the creative director of Monkey Kingdom which produced Made in Chelsea and Made in Chelsea: NYC.
Whilst studying Zoology at Brasenose College, Oxford his thesis "Experimental manipulation of the dawn and dusk chorus in the Blackbird" was published in the scientific journal Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (Vol 26, No 3, Innes C Cuthill & William A Macdonald 1990)
# William Flavelle Monypenny

William Flavelle Monypenny (7 August 1866 – 23 November 1912) was an Irish-born journalist and editor whose career was split between London and South Africa. He was also the first biographer of Benjamin Disraeli.
Monypenny was the second son of an Ulster family of Scottish descent, born in Ballyworkan, south of Portadown, County Armagh, to William Monypeny, linen manufacturer and small landowner, and Mary Ann Flavell. William spelled his surname Monypeny until 1898. He attended the Royal School Dungannon and Trinity College Dublin, where he distinguished himself in mathematics, earning his BA in 1888. From there he attended Balliol College, Oxford, but left after a year due to ill health.
Monypenny received his start in journalism in London as a contributor to The Spectator. He joined the staff of The Times in 1893, where he was an assistant to the editor, George Earle Buckle. In early 1899, he accepted an offer to edit the Johannesburg Star, then an Uitlander publication in the Transvaal Republic. Monypenny was at the forefront in the subsequent political disputes leading up to the Second Boer War, and was forced to flee to Cape Colony prior to the outbreak of hostilities when a warrant of high treason was taken out against him. During the war, he served in the Imperial Light Horse and saw combat in Natal. He was also a member of the force trapped in Ladysmith during its besiegement by the Boers, which adversely affected his health. Monypenny subsequently served in Lord Milner's administration, where he was the director of civil supplies and participated in the rehabilitation of refugees after the annexation of the Transvaal. He was a member of Milner's Kindergarten.
After the war, Monypenny resumed the editorship of the Star, using it to support Milner's policies. He was unable to accept the emerging practice of importing Chinese labor, however, and resigned from the editorship in 1903. Upon his return to London, he resumed working for The Times, and was appointed a director of the Times Publishing Company in 1908. It was his work with The Times which led the directors to offer to him the opportunity to write the definitive biography of the former prime minister Benjamin Disraeli, using the papers Disraeli had bequeathed to his former secretary Lord Rowton. Though Monypenny's relative obscurity led some to question his selection, the first volume was critically praised upon his publication in October 1910. Monypenny only completed one more volume before dying of heart failure in 1912; the project was completed by George Earle Buckle, who wrote an additional four volumes. His work The Two Irish Nations; an Essay on Home Rule was published posthumously in 1913.
# William Flanagan (politician)

William Henry Flanagan (8 April 1871 – 21 June 1944) was a British wadding and wool merchant and a Conservative and Unionist Party politician. He was the member of parliament (MP) for Manchester Clayton twice, from 1922 to 1923 and from 1931 to 1935.
Flanagan was born in Manchester on 8 April 1871, the son of Willian and Emma Flanagan. His father was a wadding manufacturer and Flanagan, who started as an apprentice, followed his father into the wadding business. He married Lilian Mary Ashley in 1899.
On 15 January 1922 Edward Hopkinson, Member of Parliament for Manchester Clayton, died and Flanagan was adopted as Coalition Unionist candidate for the resulting by-election. Flanagan is described as the managing director of the Imperial Patent Wadding Company Limited.
Flanagan was beaten in the by-election by John Edward Sutton, a trade union official and Labour candidate. Flanagan had 11,038 votes to Sutton's 14,662. Within a few months, on 15 November 1922, a general election was called and this time Flanagan beat Sutton and was elected as member of parliament for Manchester Clayton. In December 1923, a further general election was held resulting in a win for Sutton.
It was not until the 1931 general election that Flanagan won the seat again and return to Parliament. He held the seat until the 1935 general election when he decided not stand because of ill-health.
Flanagan died on 21 June 1944.
# William Fleeson

William Fleeson is an American personality psychologist. He is the Hultquist Family Professor of Psychology at Wake Forest University. He earned his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Michigan in 1992, after completing a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy in 1987 at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He was president of Association for Research in Personality (ARP) in 2012. He was awarded the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP) Theoretical Innovation Prize in 2002 and the SPSP Carol and Ed Diener Award in Personality Psychology in 2016.
# William Cawley (disambiguation)

William Cawley (1602–1667) was an English politician.
William Cawley may also refer to:
* William Cawley (younger) (born c. 1628), English lawyer and politician, and son of William Cawley (1602–1667)
* Will Cawley (born 1997), English boxer
# William Cawley

William Cawley (1602 – January 1667) was a regicide and seventeenth century English politician. He was born in Chichester in 1602, the son of John Cawley, a wealthy brewer, and was educated at The Prebendal School, Oxford University and Gray's Inn.
In 1625, he provided funds for the erection of almshouses on the east side of New Broyle Road. They were intended to provide homes for twelve decayed tradesmen of Chichester. By 1681, there is reference to the use of the building as a workhouse.
Cawley was elected Member of Parliament for Chichester in 1628 and for Midhurst in 1640. In 1649, Cawley was appointed to the High Court of Justice and after attending all the sittings in Westminster Hall signed King Charles I's death warrant. He was appointed to several standing committees including the army committee, the committee for the advance of money, the committee for plundered ministers, and the committee for compounding.
Cawley was elected to the Council of State in 1651 and again in 1652.
After the Restoration of King Charles II in 1660, Cawley was exempted from pardon and fled abroad first to the Netherlands and then to Switzerland, where he joined fellow regicides Edmund Ludlow and Nicholas Love. Willam Cawley died in Vevey, Switzerland in 1667.
He married firstly Catherine Walrond and had four children, including William Cawley MP and John Cawley, Archdeacon of Lincoln. His second wife was called Mary.
# William E. Watson

William E. Watson was born in New York City. He is Professor of History at Immaculata University in Malvern, Pennsylvania. He received his PhD in Medieval History from the University of Pennsylvania. He is the director of the Duffy's Cut Project. He was a Commonwealth Speaker for the Pennsylvania Humanities Council 2006–2007, and was also the recipient of the Lindback Distinguished Teaching Award at Immaculata University for the year 2006–2007. Director of the National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Teachers' Institute at Immaculata University, "Duffy's Cut: Investigating Immigration, Industrialization and Illness in 19th-Century America" (July, 2016)

## Books

* Massacre at Duffy's Cut: Tragedy and Conspiracy on the Pennsylvania Railroad, William E. Watson and J. Francis Watson (The History Press, 2018)
* Watson, William E.; J. Francis Watson; John H. Ahtes; Earl H. Schandelmeier (2006). The Ghosts of Duffy's Cut: The Irish who Died Building America's Most Dangerous Stretch of Railroad. Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 216. ISBN 0275987272.
* Tricolor and Crescent: France and the Islamic World (Praeger, 2003)
* The Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union (Greenwood, 1998)
* Irish Americans: The History and Culture of a People, William E. Watson and Eugene J. Halus, Eds. (ABC-Clio, 2015)

## Scholarly articles

* "The Irish and Ireland," The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia (2017)
* "Duffy's Cut," The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia (2015)
* “History and Memory at Duffy’s Cut,” Railroad History (Fall/Winter, 2014), no. 211, 76–87
* Watson's paper at the Immaculata University Chronicle of Faith Conference (April 4, 2008) is availableWatson, William E. (2009). "The Sisters of Charity, the 1832 Cholera Epidemic and Duffy's Cut". U.S. Catholic Historian. 27 (4). The Catholic University of America Press: 1–16. doi:10.1353/cht.0.0022. S2CID 161238750.
Some of his publications in medieval history are available at De Re Militari, the medieval military history society:
* Watson, William E. (2001). "Ibn al-Athir on the Rus: A Commentary and Translation". Canadian-American Slavic Studies. 35 (4, Winter): 423–438. doi:10.1163/221023901X00037.
* Watson, William E. (1993). "The Battle of Tours-Poitiers Revisited". Providence: Studies in Western Civilization. 1 (2). Providence College Press: 51–68.
Watson's paper at the University of Oregon conference The Millennium: Russia and Christianity AD 988-1988 (April 11, 1988)
* Watson, William E. (1990). "Arabic Perceptions of Russia's Christian Conversion". The Millennium: Russia and Christianity AD 988-1988, ed. Albert Leong. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press: 33–40. ISBN 9780881410808.

## Dissertation

Watson's dissertation at the University of Pennsylvania: Watson, William Ernest (1 January 1990). The hammer and the crescent: Contacts between Andalusi Muslims, Franks, and their successors in three waves of Muslim expansion into Francia (dissertation).
# William Davy (lawyer)

William Davy SL (died 1780) was an English barrister during the 18th century. Known as "Bull" Davy, he was noted as quick-witted, with a ready sense of humour, but, according to one author, relatively unscrupulous.
According to Humphry William Woolrych, he was originally either a grocer or a pharmacist before being declared bankrupt and learning the doctrines around nisi prius, for which much study was not required. He was admitted to the Inner Temple on 16 October 1741.
Early in his career was responsible for prosecuting Elizabeth Canning. Davy became a Serjeant-at-Law on 11 February 1754, and soon after became involved in prosecutions under the Black Act. In 1762 he became King's Serjeant, then the highest accolade for a barrister.
Davy argued that "the air (of England) is too pure for a slave to breathe in" when he represented James Somerset, an escaped African slave come from Boston whose London godparents had sued for a writ of Habeas Corpus, in Somerset v Stewart. This case was one of the first tests of Habeas Corpus when the gaoler had no colour of state; the writ had been conceived in the midst of the English Civil War as the Habeas Corpus Act 1640, in order to defend the subject from government tyranny.
Davy died on 13 December 1780, and was buried in Newington Butts.
# William J. Firey

William James Firey (1923–2004) was an American mathematician, specializing in the geometry of convex bodies.

## Life and career

Born in Montana, Firey moved with his family to Seattle when he was 6 years old. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Army as a medical technician in Europe. He married in 1946. During the first years of their marriage, the couple worked for the United States Forest Service during summers in fire look-out stations in the Washington Cascades.
Firey received in 1948 his bachelor's degree from the University of Washington, in 1949 his master's degree from the University of Toronto, and in 1954 his Ph.D. from Stanford University. He was a faculty member at Washington State University for 8 years and then became a professor at Oregon State University, where he retired as professor emeritus in 1988. He was a visiting professor at several universities and made several trips to the Mathematical Research Institute of Oberwolfach.
In 1974 Firey was an Invited Speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Vancouver.
   In addition to his professional travels, he and his wife, often joined by friends, sailed in the Pacific Northwest's San Juan and Gulf Islands, the Mediterranean seas around Greece, and the Baltic. Land travels included sojourns in France and trips to Turkey, England and Scotland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark, Greece and Mexico.
Upon his death he was survived by his widow and his daughter and predeceased by his son.

## Selected publications

* Firey, William J. (1961). "Polar Means of Convex Bodies and a Dual to the Brunn-Minkowski Theorem". Canadian Journal of Mathematics. 13: 444–453. doi:10.4153/CJM-1961-037-0. S2CID 124764619.
* Firey, WM. J. (1962). "$p$-Means of Convex Bodies". Mathematica Scandinavica. 10: 17–24. doi:10.7146/math.scand.a-10510. JSTOR 24489266.
* Firey, William J.; Grünbaum, Branko (1964). "Addition and decomposition of convex polytopes". Israel Journal of Mathematics. 2 (2): 91–100. doi:10.1007/BF02759949.
* Firey, W. J. (1967). "The determination of convex bodies from their mean radius of curvature functions". Mathematika. 14: 1–13. doi:10.1112/S0025579300007956.
* Firey, William J. (1968). "Christoffel's problem for general convex bodies". Mathematika. 15: 7–21. doi:10.1112/S0025579300002321.
* Firey, William J. (1974). "Shapes of worn stones". Mathematika. 21: 1–11. doi:10.1112/S0025579300005714.
# William Kinney

William Kinney may refer to:
* William Kinney (Illinois politician) (1781–1843), American pioneer, politician and lieutenant governor of Illinois
* William Ansel Kinney (1860–1930), lawyer and politician in Hawaii
* William Burnet Kinney (1799–1880), American politician and diplomat
* William J. Kinney, alderman and federal liquor inspector
# William Rigg

William Rigg may refer to:
* William Rigg (priest)
* William Rigg (politician)
# William Sidney Mount House

The William Sidney Mount House is a historic house at 1556 Stony Brook Road in Stony Brook, New York. Built in 1725 and enlarged in 1810, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 as the lifelong home of artist William Sidney Mount (1807–1868). The house is now owned by the Long Island Museum and is occasionally opened for tours.

## Description and history

The William Sidney Mount House is located west of the campus of Stony Brook University, at the northeast corner of North Country Road (New York State Route 25A) and Stony Brook Road. It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and shingled exterior. Its main facade is a broad seven bays in width, with two entrances and windows placed somewhat irregularly. One brick chimney pierces the roof behind the main entrance, and a second stands against the far right facade. The main entrance is sheltered by a shed-roof porch and has a four-light transom window. Single-story ells extend to the rear (north) of the main structure.
The interior of the house has more than twenty rooms. The most notable of these are its original kitchen, which has been restored, and the attic level, which housed the studio of American genre painter William Sidney Mount.
The oldest portion of the house is the left half of the main block, which was built in 1725 by Eleazer Hawkins, the grandfather of William Sidney Mount. Hawkins built it as an "ordinary" or tavern, whose kitchen is now preserved. About 1810 the house was enlarged, by either attaching an existing structure or building a new addition to the right side. The house was sold out of the Mount family in 1918.
William Sidney Mount was born in this house, and occupied it for most of his productive life. His work was widely popular for its depictions of country life, and he was one of the first American artists to receive significant notice abroad.
# William Shearer

William Shearer may refer to:
* William Shearer (British Free Corps) (1917–1995), member of the Waffen-SS British Free Corps
* Bill Shearer (William K. Shearer, 1931–2007), co-founded the American Independent Party
* William Shearer (immunologist) (1937–2018), American immunologist