OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Interrogatives in Esperanto

In Esperanto there are two kinds of interrogatives: yes–no interrogatives, and correlative interrogatives.

## Yes–no interrogatives

Yes–no questions are formed with the interrogative ĉu "whether" at the beginning of the clause. For example, the interrogative equivalent of the statement La pomo estas sur la tablo "The apple is on the table" is Ĉu la pomo estas sur la tablo? "Is the apple on the table?" A yes–no question is also normally accompanied by a rising intonation.In some cases, especially when the context makes it clear that the sentence is an interrogative, a rising intonation alone can make a clause into a question, but this is uncommon and highly marked. The subject and the verb are not normally inverted to form questions as in English and many other European languages.

## Correlative interrogatives

Esperanto has a series of words that can be arranged in a table according to how they start and end. These are usually called correlatives. The column of words that begin with ki- can be used to ask questions that cannot be answered by yes or no. These correspond to wh-questions in English. These words are:
* kiu - who or which
* kio - what
* kia - what kind of
* kie - where
* kiam - when
* kies - whose
* kiel - how
* kial - why
* kiom - how much or how many
These words are inflected according to the role they play in the clause (for the words that take an inflection), and moved to the beginning of the clause. For example, Kion vi faras? - What are you doing? Kiu has the usual dual function of adjectives: standing alone as proform, or modifying a noun, as in "Kiu tago?" (which day?). Kio is exclusively used standing alone. As with yes–no questions, there is no inversion of subject and verb, and the sentence is generally ended with a rising intonation in the spoken language.

## Indirect questions

As explained above, any interrogative clause can be used as-is as an indirect question, e.g. as the object of a verb like scii, to know:
* Mi ne scias, ĉu la pomo estas sur la tablo. - I don't know whether the apple is on the table.
* Li scias, kion vi faras. - He knows what you are doing.

## Ambiguity

Because the correlatives that begin with ki- are also used to form relative clauses (similarly to many European languages) there is in theory a potential for ambiguity between indirect questions and relative clauses. In practice, however, confusion is very rare.
# Interrotron

The Interrotron is a device invented by filmmaker Errol Morris for conducting video interviews, allowing interviewers and subjects to make eye contact with each other while looking directly at the camera lens. This is achieved through a modified teleprompter setup, with the interviewer's face displayed on a monitor in front of the camera lens and the subject's face on a similar setup facing the interviewer, facilitating a more natural conversation.

## Development

Morris developed the Interrotron to improve the interview process in documentary filmmaking. The name "Interrotron" was coined by Morris's wife, Julia Sheehan, combining the concepts of "interview" and "terror," aiming to reduce the interviewee's discomfort. This setup allows for a more intimate and engaging interview, where subjects often reveal more about themselves or their stories.
Morris's invention has significantly impacted the style and approach of documentary interviews. Critics and filmmakers alike have noted the device's effectiveness in establishing a unique connection between the subject and the viewer.

## Technical aspects

The Interrotron utilizes beam splitter glass and a monitor setup, allowing direct eye contact and reducing the interviewee's anxiety. This technique is not only beneficial for the production quality but also allows the device to be used as a teleprompter by displaying text instead of the interviewer's face.

## Reception

The Interrotron has been praised for its ability to create a more personal and engaging interview experience, though some argue it can lead to an overly stylized portrayal of the subject. Its use has influenced documentary filmmaking beyond Morris's work.
# Laxmaiah Manchikanti

Laxmaiah Manchikanti (born 10 July 1947) is an Indian American physician and anesthesiologist specializing in interventional pain management, professor, philanthropist, and author. He is the founder of the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP), the Society of Interventional Pain Management Surgery Centers (SIPMS) and the Pain Physician, a newspaper owned by his organization, Manchikanti has served as clinical professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at the University of Louisville School of Medicine. He has served as chairman of the board and chief executive officer of ASIPP since 1998. He has been medical director of the Pain Management Centers of Paducah, Kentucky and Marion, Illinois and the Ambulatory Surgery Center in Paducah, Kentucky since 1992. He co-founded a multistate national company, Pain Management Centers of America (PMCOA), in 2019 with Mahendra Sanapati, MD.
Dr, Manchikani was the owner of the private Alben W. Barkley School of Law when it closed in 2008.
# Internet Crime Complaint Center

The Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) is a division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) concerning suspected Internet-facilitated criminal activity. The IC3 gives victims a convenient and easy-to-use reporting mechanism that alerts authorities of suspected criminal or civil violations on the Internet. The IC3 develops leads and notifies law enforcement agencies at the federal, state, local and international level. Information sent to the IC3 is analyzed and disseminated for investigative and intelligence purposes to law enforcement and for public awareness.

## History

The IC3 was founded in 2000 as the Internet Fraud Complaint Center (IFCC), and was tasked with gathering data on crimes committed online such as fraud, scams, and thefts. Other crimes tracked by the center included intellectual property rights matters, computer intrusions, economic espionage, online extortion, international money laundering, identity theft, and other Internet-facilitated crimes.
With the realization that crimes facilitated online have a chance to overlap with other crimes, and that not all crimes committed or facilitated online are just fraud, the IFCC was renamed to the Internet Crime Complaint Center in October 2003 to better reflect the broad character of such matters, and to minimize the need for one to distinguish online fraud from other potentially overlapping cyber crimes.
# Learning about Forests

Learning about Forests (LEAF) is one of the five programs run by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE), a non-governmental organization located in Copenhagen, Denmark. LEAF aims to encourage school classes and teachers to use forests for educational activities. The vision is to see an increased level of awareness and knowledge the key role the forest plays on our planet. The program's mission is to spread environmental education concerning forests and all their values among school children all around the world.

## Member organizations

In August 2013, LEAF was composed of twenty-one organizations:
| Organization | Country |
| Flanders Bond Beter Leefmilieu | Belgium |
| Bulgarian Blue Flag Movement | Bulgaria |
| Cyprus Marine Environment Protection Association (CYMEPA) | Cyprus |
| Tereza Association | Czech Republic |
| Center for Environmental Education and Communications | China |
| Skoven i skolen | Denmark |
| Finnish Forest Association | Finland |
| Hellenic Society for the Protection of Nature (HSPN) | Greece |
| "World's Green Star" Organization (Setar-e Sabz-e Jahan) | Iran |
| An Taisce Education | Ireland |
| FEE Japan | Japan |
| Kenya Organization for Environmental Education (KOEE) | Kenya |
| Latvia's State Forests | Latvia |
| Nature Trust Malta | Malta |
| FEE-N | Netherlands |
| Forestry Extension Institute - Skoleskogen | Norway |
| Centrul Carpato-Danubian de Geoecologie (CCDG Romania) | Romania |
| Keep St. Petersburg Tidy (KSPT) | Russia |
| Skogen i skolan | Sweden |
| Turkiye Cevre Egitim Vakfi (TURCEV) | Turkey |
| Conservation Efforts for Community Development (CECOD) | Uganda |
# Lebanon State Airport

Lebanon State Airport (FAA LID: S30) is a public airport located one mile (1.6 km) west of Lebanon in Linn County, Oregon, United States.
# Lee S. Roberts

Leland Stanford Roberts (1884–1949), commonly known as Lee S. Roberts, was an American composer and pianist.
He is best known for his composition 'Smiles' with lyricist J. Will Callahan, written in 1917, but was a prolific composer across many genres of music.
He was also the vice-president of the QRS Music Roll Company, and recorded hundreds of piano rolls under his name and also the pseudonym Stanford Robar. He was particularly active in recording salon and ballad style music.
He lived in San Francisco.

## Partial list of compositions

* After All
* A Little Birch Canoe & You
* Amourette
* Answer
* Autumn of Life, The
* Baby Days
* Broken Moon
* Cheerio
* "Ching Chong" listen
* Drowsy Baby
* Harlequin
* Harriman Cake Walk
* Hawaiian Nights
* High Ball
* Hula Dreams
* I Miss You Miss America
* Italian Nights
* Lonesome-That's All
* Lover's Lane
* Ma Belle
* Mammy's Lullaby
* March of the Tanks
* Montezuma
* Moon Dreams
* My Country Forever
* Nailo
* Oh! Harold
* Patches
* Please
* Sad Hawaiian Sea
* Slumber Moon
* Smiles
* Souvenir Of The West
* Story of Peter Rabbit
* T'Jours A Moi
* Triennial "K.T." March
* That Old Fashioned Mother Of Mine
* Valse Parisienne
* Wanting You So
* Without Thee
* You Don't Know
# Telšiai Central Stadium

The Telšiai Central Stadium is an association football stadium in Telšiai, Lithuania with seating for 2,000 spectators. It is home to A Lyga club FC Džiugas Telšiai.

## History

The stadium and the surrounding sports facilities were renovated beginning in 2015. In addition to association football, the stadium has hosted matches of the Lithuania national rugby union team.
# Lecce nei Marsi

Lecce nei Marsi is a comune and town in the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of Italy.
It is located near the Fucino Lake plain, in the Marsica.
# Leeuwin

Leeuwin (Dutch for "lioness") may refer to:

## Places

* Leeuwin, Western Australia, a locality in Western Australia
* Cape Leeuwin, the most south-westerly point of Australia
** Cape Leeuwin Lighthouse
** Cape Leeuwin water wheel
* Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park, the national park in which Cape Leeuwin is located
* Leeuwin Barracks, formerly HMAS Leeuwin (naval base), a Royal Australian Navy shore base in North Fremantle

## Ships

* Leeuwin (galleon), Dutch galleon that encountered south-west Australia in 1622
* HMAS Leeuwin (A 245), a hydrographic survey ship
** Leeuwin class survey vessel, the class of HMAS Leeuwin
* STS Leeuwin II, a Western Australian sail training ship

## Other uses

* Leeuwin Current, a warm ocean current flowing down the west coast of Australia
* Leeuwin triplefin (Norfolkia leeuwin), a species of small fish of the family Tripterygiidae
* Leeuwin (journal), a short-lived literary journal published in Western Australia by Willem Siebenhaar in 1910
* Leeuwin Estate, a winery in Margaret River, Western Australia
* Leeuwin Estate Concert Series, an annual open-air event featuring international and Australian performers at Leeuwin Estate Winery
# Lee Wilson (American football)

Leland Moore Wilson (July 24, 1905 – January 17, 1970) was an American football player. He played college football for Cornell College and in the National Football League (NFL) as an end and back for the Minneapolis Red Jackets (1929-1930) and Frankford Yellow Jackets (1930-1931). He appeared in 26 NFL games, 18 as a starter.
# Investigational device exemption

An investigational device exemption (IDE) allows an investigational device (i.e. a device that is the subject of a clinical study) to be used in order to collect safety and effectiveness data required to support a premarket approval (PMA) application or a premarket notification [510(k)] submission to Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Clinical studies are most often conducted to support a PMA. Only a small percentage of 510(k)'s require clinical data to support the application. Investigational use also includes clinical evaluation of certain modifications or new intended uses of legally marketed devices. All clinical evaluations of investigational devices, unless exempt, must have an approved IDE before the study is initiated.
Clinical evaluation of devices that have not been cleared for marketing requires:
* An IDE approved by an institutional review board (IRB). If the study involves a significant risk device, the IDE must also be approved by FDA
* Informed consent from all patients
* Labeling for investigational use only
* Monitoring of the study and
* Required records and reports
An approved IDE permits a device to be shipped lawfully for the purpose of conducting investigations of the device without complying with other requirements of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that would apply to devices in commercial distribution. Sponsors need not submit a PMA or premarket notification, register their establishment, or list the device while the device is under investigation. Sponsors of IDEs are also exempt from the Quality System (QS) Regulation except for the requirements for design control.
A commercial sponsor of a significant risk device study must submit a complete IDE application to FDA. There are no preprinted forms for an IDE application; however, an IDE application must include certain required information. The sponsor must demonstrate in the application that there is reason to believe that the risks to human subjects from the proposed investigation are outweighed by the anticipated benefits to subjects and the importance of the knowledge to be gained, that the investigation is scientifically sound, and that there is reason to believe that the device as proposed for use will be effective.
# Leguísamo

Leguísamo is a barrio in the municipality of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 2096.

## History

Leguísamo was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Leguísamo barrio was 1,228.
# Legundi Island

Pulau Legundi (also spelled Lagoendi) is an Indonesian island in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. It is one of the larger islands in the Strait and lies at the western end of Sumatra's Lampong Bay, in the province of Lampung.

## Population & Surroundings

Although it's not so far from the mainland, Legundi is sparsely populated with about 80 inhabitants per square kilometer. Due to it being lowly populated, agricultural cultivation has never been practiced on a large scale, which has kept intact the island's natural evergreen and semi-deciduous forests. Tabuan Island is 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the west.

## Environment

Due to the island's tropical nature and close proximity to the equator, seasons are not so distinct and temperatures are not so fluctuating. October tends to be both the wettest and warmest month at around 32°C, with the driest and coldest month being June at around 20°C.
# Legune Station

15°12′55″S 129°26′42″E﻿ / ﻿15.2152°S 129.44488°E﻿ / -15.2152; 129.44488﻿ (Legune)
Legune Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in the Northern Territory of Australia.
Situated close to the border of Western Australia, it is approximately 130 kilometres (81 mi) east of Kununurra and 220 kilometres (137 mi) east of the live export port of Wyndham in Western Australia and 340 kilometres (211 mi) south-west of Darwin in the Northern Territory.
The property occupies a total area of 1,800 square kilometres (695 sq mi), including a 600 square kilometres (232 sq mi) portion of floodplain country adjacent to the Ord River. It is capable of carrying 32,000 head of cattle.
In 2014 the property had been placed on the market for an estimated A$60 million; it had been last listed in 2008 with a A$70 million price tag.
Legune was originally an outstation of the Victoria River Downs Station.
The property was acquired by Leslie Joseph Hooker at some time prior to 1980. Hooker sold the property to the Malaysian Sabah state government in the early 1980s for A$2 million.
In 2014 Legune was owned by the same families behind Sunny Queen Farms who wanted to sell to focus on their pig and poultry interests. The chairman of the board, Brian McLean, said the property had enormous development potential particularly in the area of aquaculture as it backed onto the Ord Irrigation project and had its own 50,000 megalitres (65,397,531 cu yd) dam on site.
# Lee Jin-kyu

Lee Jin-kyu (born 4 July 1994) is a South Korean rugby sevens player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Lee represented South Korea at the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Cape Town, South Africa.
# Tentaoculus neolithodicola

Tentaoculus neolithodicola is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudococculinidae, the false limpets.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to New Zealand.
# Leganés Central (Madrid Metro)

Leganés Central (, "Central Leganés") is a station on Line 12 of the Madrid Metro. It is located in fare Zone B1. The station offers connection to Cercanías Madrid via Leganés railway station.
# Leaping blenny

The leaping blenny (Alticus saliens), also known as the jumping blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny (family Blenniidae) in the genus Alticus. There is some uncertainty as to whether it was first described by J.R. Forster in 1788 or B.G.E. Lacepède in 1800, although Fishbase currently accredits it to Forster. It was originally described as a member of the genus Blennius.
It is a tropical blenny known from the Pacific and Indian oceans, including the Red Sea, the Society Islands, the Ryukyu and Bonin Islands, Queensland, Australia; and the Mariana Islands. Leaping blennies have been recorded at a maximum water depth of 2 metres, though notably live above the water. They inhabit holes in limestone deposits in intertidal zones, and leap between holes when disturbed, earning them their common name. They are very social at mid-tide, using visual displays to warn off competitors and attract mates. Although they must remain moist to breathe, the blennies are able to breathe air, and actively avoid submersion by tide waters.
Leaping blennies feed primarily off of algae. They are oviparous and form distinct pairs when mating. They can reach a maximum total length of 10 centimetres (4 inches).
# Teripehagama

Teripehagama is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# Leon Stanfield

James Leon Stanfield (born 1934) is a former Welsh international lawn bowler.

## Bowls career

Stanfield became the British singles champion after winning the British Isles Bowls Championships in 1966. He was a teacher by trade and was the Secretary for the Troedyrhiw Bowls Club.
# Legousia hybrida

Legousia hybrida is a species of annual herb in the family Campanulaceae (bellflowers). They have a self-supporting growth form. They have simple, broad leaves. Individuals can grow to 93 cm (37 in) tall.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from Legousia hybrida​. Encyclopedia of Life.
# Inzer (surname)

Inzer is a surname. People with that surname include:
* Drew Inzer (born 1979), American football offensive lineman
* James C. Inzer (1887–1967), 16th Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
* William H. Inzer (1906–1978), Justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi
# Interpretant

Interpretant is a subject / sign that refers to the same object as another sign, transitively.

## History

The concept of "interpretant" is part of Charles Sanders Peirce's "triadic" theory of the sign. For Peirce, the interpretant is an element that allows taking a representamen for the sign of an object, and is also the "effect" of the process of semeiosis or signification.
Peirce delineates three types of interpretants: the immediate, the dynamical, and the final or normal.

## Immediate, Dynamical and Final

The first of his trichotomies is of the Immediate, Dynamical, and Final interpretant.
The first was defined by Peirce as "the Quality of the Impression that a sign is fit to produce, not to any actual reaction" and elsewhere as "the total unanalyzed effect that the Sign is calculated to produce, or naturally might be expected to produce; and I have been accustomed to identify this with the effect the sign first produces or may produce upon a mind, without any reflection upon it." An Immediate interpretant can take a variety of forms "it may be a quality of feeling, more or less vague, or an idea of an effort or experience awaked by the air of previous experience or it may be the idea of a form or anything of a general type".
The second, the Dynamical interpretant. is the "direct effect actually produced by a Sign upon an Interpreter of it". The last, the Final, is "the effect the Sign would produce upon any mind upon which circumstances should permit it to work out its full effect" and not "the way in which any mind does act but in the way in which every mind would act" if "the Sign is sufficiently considered".

## Intentional, Effectual, and Communicational

Peirce offers another trichotomy of interpretants which he explains as follows:
   There is the Intentional Interpretant, which is a determination of the mind of the utterer; the Effectual Interpretant, which is a determination of the mind of the interpreter; and the Communicational Interpretant, or say the Cominterpretant, which is a determination of that mind into which the minds of utterer and interpreter have to be fused in order that any communication should take place.
# Interpretaciones del Oso

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Interpretaciones del Oso is a remix album by Minus the Bear, released on February 20, 2007 through Suicide Squeeze Records. Various artists reinterpreted and remixed songs from their second full-length Menos el Oso. "Interpretaciones del Oso" means "Interpretations of the Bear" in Spanish.

## Personnel

* Jake Snider - Vocals, Guitar
* Dave Knudson - Guitar
* Erin Tate - Drums
* Cory Murchy - Bass
* Matt Bayles - Electronics

### Other personnel

* Mastered by Ed Brooks
# Terence Murray

Terence Murray may refer to:
* Terence Aubrey Murray (1810–1873), Australian pastoralist and parliamentarian
* Terence Murray (referee), Irish hurling referee