OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pentafluoropropane

1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) is a hydrofluorocarbon is a colorless gas used primarily for closed-cell spray foam insulation. HFC-245fa is also known as pentafluoropropane and by its chemical name 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane.

## Environmental Effects

Unlike CFC and HCFC blowing agents formerly used for this purpose, it has no ozone depletion potential and is nearly non-toxic. Although it is intended to remain trapped within the foam insulation, it is practically non-biodegradable with a lifetime of 7.2 years when it eventually does escape into the atmosphere. It does have a high global warming potential of 950 (950 times the global warming effect of CO$_2$). Honeywell refers to this as "acceptable" in their literature, but they don't include the actual number.

## Economics

One of the disadvantages of R-245fa is its cost. In 2000, R-141b cost one US dollar per pound, whereas R-245fa cost $2.50 to $4.00 per pound. As of 2007, and prior to Sinochem's production it was already a high volume production chemical, with over 1 million pounds produced annually.

## Manufacturing history

Pentafluoropropane is produced by Honeywell and in Asia by Sinochem. Honeywell markets HFC-245fa under the Enovate and Genetron 245fa brand names. AlliedSignal, who adopted the Honeywell name after acquiring it, decided in 1999 to provide a non ozone depleting blowing agent as an alternative for dichlorofluoroethane (HCFC-141b) and trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11). Competitors Atofina and General Electric pursued strategies using other agents.
# The Sachem

The Sachem, formerly known as the Grand River Sachem, is the oldest newspaper in Haldimand and Norfolk counties, Ontario.

## History

The paper was started in 1853 as the Cayuga Sachem by Thomas Messenger. Messenger sold the Sachem and moved his press to Caledonia, Ontario in 1856. He started a new publication called The Caledonia Advertiser. Later that year, the Cayuga Sachem moved to Dunnville, Ontario and changed its name, so Messenger renamed his Caledonia publication to the Grand River Sachem. In 1865, after a devastating fire, the Sachem moved to a new building where it is still published today. The Sachem was a paid-circulation weekly for many years, switching to free distribution in 2004 after its purchase by Metroland Media Group from owner/publisher Neil Dring.
# Matignicourt-Goncourt

Matignicourt-Goncourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
# The Dark Heroine

The Dark Heroine is a series of vampire-themed fantasy romance novels written by English author Abigail Gibbs, published by HarperCollins in 2012. The first novel in the series, Dinner with a Vampire, revolves around London-born Violet Lee, who is kidnapped and held hostage by a Royal Family of vampires known as the Varns. The series is told from both Violet Lee and Kaspar Varn's perspective, the latter being heir to the Vamperic Throne in the novel.
Dinner with a Vampire, the first book of the Dark Heroine series, was first published under the pseudonym Canse12 on "Wattpad", a website that is dedicated to the reading and sharing of stories. Dinner's Wattpad reception, nearly 17 million readers, led to then eighteen year old Gibbs receiving a publishing deal with HarperCollins.
A second novel, 'Autumn Rose was published on 28 January 2014. A third was scheduled, but its status is unknown.
# Ludersheim station

Ludersheim station is a railway station in the Ludersheim district of the municipality of Altdorf bei Nürnberg, located in the Nürnberger Land district in Middle Franconia, Germany. The station is on the Feucht–Altdorf line of Deutsche Bahn.
# Palindroma

Palindroma is a genus of spiders in the family Zodariidae. The five species of Palindroma are found in central and eastern Africa, including Tanzania, Malawi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and individuals range from 7.5–10 mm (0.30–0.39 in) in body length. The specific name of each species (Palindroma aleykyela, P. avonova, P. morogorom, P. obmoimiombo, and P. sinis) is a palindrome, a word that reads the same backwards or forwards.
# Kirimetiyawa

Kirimetiyawa is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# Javontae Starks

Javontae Starks (born March 18, 1989) is an American professional boxer from Minneapolis, Minnesota.

## Personal life

Starks has received much attention for his comeback from a serious injury. In August 2007 Starks was shot in the leg in his hometown of Minneapolis, and the bullet nicked a major artery. For a time it was uncertain whether he would survive the injury, but having done so Starks has recuperated and returned to competition.

## Amateur Boxing Career

Starks competed as an amateur boxer from 2001 until 2009. Starks represented Circle of Discipline boxing club in Minneapolis. He won his first major championships in 2003, and completed his amateur career having won the following regional and national championships:
* 2002 State Silver Gloves champion
* 2003 Ohio state champion
* 2003 Regional Silver Gloves champion
* 2003 Ringside World Champion
* 2003-2005 State JO champion
* 2003 and 2005 Regional JO Champion
* 2006 Region I Golden Gloves champion
* 2006 Silver Medalist in the Under 19 Tournament
* 2007 Finalist Ringside World Tournament
* 2008 State USA champion
* 2008 Upper Midwest Golden Gloves champion
* 2008 Future Stars national champion
* 2009 Upper Midwest Golden Gloves champion

## Professional boxing career

It was announced on October 5, 2009, that Starks had spurned advances from promoters Main Events (New Jersey) and TKO Productions (Las Vegas) to sign a contract with Minnesota promoter, Midwest Sports Council. Starks made his professional debut on November 13, 2009, with a second-round knockout of Dan Copp.
# Measurements Halt railway station

Measurements Halt railway station was opened on 18 July 1932 as part of the former London and North Western Railway route from Oldham to Delph. The station closed on 2 May 1955, when the Delph Donkey passenger train service to Delph via Greenfield was withdrawn. It served the Measurements factory and only one train in each direction called at the station per day.
While the line past the station site was opened by the LNWR in 1851, by the time Measurements Halt opened in 1932, the LNWR had already merged with other companies to form the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and that company is credited with opening the station - the only station on the Delph Donkey Line opened after the LNWR became defunct.
vteDelph Donkey :
Legend :
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Dobcross Line and station closed | London, Midland and Scottish Railway Delph Donkey | Delph Line and station closed |
# The Dark Heart of Italy

The Dark Heart of Italy: Travels Through Time and Space Across Italy is a 2003 non-fiction book by British journalist Tobias Jones detailing his four years spent in Italy, along with discussions on the history and politics of the country. The Dark Heart of Italy was a bestseller in Britain, Italy and United States. ("The Dark Heart will ensure Italy remains an object of our fascination". Sebastian Skeaping, The Observer 2003.) Following its publication, he was short-listed for the Sunday Times Young Writer of the Year award.
An Italian translation by Chicca Galli was published by Rizzoli with the title Il cuore oscuro dell'Italia - Un viaggio tra odio e amore.
# The Emperor Jones (disambiguation)

The Emperor Jones may refer to:
* The Emperor Jones, a play by Eugene O'Neill
* The Emperor Jones (1933 film), adaptation directed by Dudley Murphy
* The Emperor Jones (1938 film), adaptation produced by the BBC, starring Robert Adams
* The Emperor Jones (1953 TV film), adaptation produced by the BBC, starring Gordon Heath
* The Emperor Jones (1955 film), adaptation produced by the Kraft Television Theatre starring Ossie Davis
* The Emperor Jones (opera), a 1933 opera by Louis Gruenberg
# Percy Creek

Percy Creek may refer to one of the following streams:

## Canada

* British Columbia
** Percy Creek (Indian Arm), in the Lower Mainland
** Percy Creek (Slocan River), in the West Kootenay Region
* Ontario
** Percy Creek (Northumberland County), a tributary of the Trent River in Central Ontario
** Percy Creek (Sudbury District), a tributary of the Batchawana River in Northeastern Ontario
# The River News

The River News was a weekly newspaper published in Waikerie, South Australia, published from July 1956 until April 2020.

## History

The River News was begun on 19 July 1956 by Colin Hetzel of the Waikerie Printing House with his wife, Meg Hetzel, and was founded as a direct result of the 1956 Murray River floods. In an interview, Colin Hetzel stated that "All went well until there was the 1956 flood – and we could see that this was our opportunity to publish a local newspaper, as the only local paper was The Murray Pioneer (based at Renmark)."
The River News has had four editors in its history – Colin Hetzel, Jack Pick, John Pick, and Craig Treloar. The newspaper was sold to the Murray Pioneer in 1962 but retained an office on Peake Terrace, Waikerie. Along with The Bunyip, Murray Pioneer, and The Loxton News, The River News was owned by the Taylor Group of Newspapers based in Renmark.
In April 2020, the Taylor Group ceased publishing The River News. The final issue was published on 17 April 2020. Local news stories of interest to the Waikerie community are now published in Murray Pioneer.

## Distribution

As at April 2018, The River News had a circulation of 2250 and was distributed throughout Waikerie, Blanchetown, Morgan, Cadell, Galga, Mercunda, Mantung, and Maggea. Like other Taylor Group publications, the newspaper was also available online.

## Awards

During its run, the newspaper has won several awards; it won the best country newspaper (circulation under 2000) in 1971, the Conqueror Trophy for the best newspaper (under 5000 circulation) in 1975, the Ampol Award for best country newspaper (under 5000 circulation) in 1983, and the Country Press SA Inc. best newspaper (circulation under 2500) in 2007.

## Digitisation

Australian National Library carries images and text versions of the newspaper accessible using Trove, the on-line newspaper retrieval service.
# Matigarahat

Matigarahat is a village in the Matigara CD block in the Siliguri subdivision of the Darjeeling district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Matigarahat is located at 26°43′19″N 88°23′19″E﻿ / ﻿26.722067°N 88.388533°E﻿ / 26.722067; 88.388533.

### Area overview

The map alongside shows the Siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling district. This area is spread across the foothills of the Himalayas and is a plain land gently sloping from north to south. While the northern part is mentioned as the Terai region, the larger southern portion forms the western part of the Dooars region. While 55.11% per cent of the population resides in the rural areas, 44.89% resides in the urban areas. On the western side the Mechi River forms a long border with Nepal. On the eastern side the Mahananda River forms a short border with Bangladesh.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Matigarahat had a total population of 4,710 of which 2,413 (51%) were males and 2,297 (49%) were females. There were 654 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Matigarahat was 2,781 (59.04% of the population over 6 years).

## Civic administration
### Police station

Matigara police station has jurisdiction over the Matigara CD block.

## Transport

vteRailways in the Siliguri area :
Legend :
There is station at Matigara on the Katihar-Siliguri line.

## Education

Matigara Harasundar High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1959. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.
# Integrated Systems Inc.

Integrated Systems Inc. (ISI) was an embedded software company founded by Naren Gupta in 1980/1981. Summit Partners invested in 1987, the company listed in 1990, and it was acquired by Wind River Systems in 2000.
Naren Gupta served as President/CEO of ISI until 1994, and as its chairman until the company was bought by their competitor Wind River Systems in February 2000. Later he served as vice-chairman and CEO of Wind River Systems.

## Products

The company's main products were:
* MATRIX$_x$, introduced in 1983, a control engineering (computer aided control system design or CACSD) tool with components including XMath (an extended MATLAB-like language) and SystemBuilder for graphical editing of block diagrams. After the merger with Wind River the product was licensed to MathWorks, but after an anti-trust action, it was sold to National Instruments. In 2018, National Instruments placed MATRIX$_x$ into a five-year end-of-life phase, with no further support beyond 30 June 2023.
* pSOS, a real-time operating system for the Motorola 68000 microprocessor family acquired from Software Components Group (SCG) for US$20 million in 1991.
* FlexOS, a continuation of Digital Research's Concurrent DOS 286 and Concurrent DOS 68K, a modular multiuser multitasking real-time operating system (RTOS) for Motorola 68000 as well as for Intel 186, 286 and 386 microprocessors designed for computer-integrated manufacturing, laboratory, retail and financial markets; acquired from Novell for US$3 million in July 1994. The deal comprised a direct payment of half this sum, and shares representing 2% of the company.
# Shahzadpur, Ghiror

Shahzadpur (Shāhzādpur), also spelled Shahjadpur (Shāhjādpur), is a village in Ghiror block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011 it had a population of 602, in 90 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Shahzadpur had a population of 602, in 90 households.$^{:73}$ This population was 52.5% male (316) and 47.5% female (286). The 0-6 age group numbered 104 (56 male and 48 female), or 17.3% of the total population. 0 residents were members of Scheduled Castes.$^{:73–4}$
The 1961 census recorded Shahzadpur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 160 people (89 male and 71 female), in 30 households and 20 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 487 acres.$^{:lxx}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Shahzadpur had one primary school. It did not have any type of healthcare facility. Drinking water was provided by tap, hand pump, and tube well; there were no public toilets. The village had no post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for domestic and agricultural purposes.Streets were made of a mix of both kachcha and pakka materials.$^{:73–8}$
# Integral sliding mode

In 1996, V. Utkin and J. Shi proposed an improved sliding control method named integral sliding mode control (ISMC). In contrast with conventional sliding mode control, the system motion under integral sliding mode has a dimension equal to that of the state space. In ISMC, the system trajectory always starts from the sliding surface. Accordingly, the reaching phase is eliminated, and robustness in the whole state space is promised.

## Control scheme

For a system ${\overset {\cdot }{x}}=f(x)+B(x)(u+h(x,t)),x\in R^{n},u\in R^{m},rankB=m$, $h(x,t)$ bounded uncertainty.
Mathews and DeCarlo [1] suggested to select an integral sliding surface as
In this case there exists a unit or discontinuous sliding mode controller compensating uncertainty $h(x,t)$.
Utkin and Shi [2] have remarked that, if $\sigma (0)=0$ is guaranteed, the reaching phase is eliminated.
In the case, when unmatched uncertainties occur $G$ should be selected as $G=B^{+},$ where $B^{+}=(B^{T}B)^{-1}B^{T}$ is a pseudo inverse matrix [3-5].
# Russinho

Russinho is a nickname. Notable people with the name include:
* Russinho (footballer, 1902-1992), full name Moacyr Siqueira de Queiroz, Brazilian football midfielder
* Russinho (footballer, 1917-1958), full name David Russowski, Brazilian football forward
# Integrated fluidic circuit

Integrated fluidic circuits (IFC) are a type of integrated circuit utilizing fluidics and the traditional microelectronics found in an integrated circuit. One company that produces these circuits for use in biology is Standard Biotools.
# Intercontinental Bank of Lebanon

Intercontinental Bank of Lebanon (IBL Bank, Arabic: انتركونتيننتال لبنان) is a Lebanese Bank with headquarters and main branch located in Achrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon.
As of 2021, the bank had 20 branches in Lebanon, in addition to foreign branches in Cyprus, Erbil, Baghdad, and Basra.

## History

The bank was established in 1961 as Development Bank SAL (بنك الإنماء).
In September 1998, the majority of the bank's shares were bought by a group of Lebanese and foreign investors.
A year later, in September 1999, the bank acquired the entire shares of BCP Bank Group, and since that date it has operated under the name Intercontinental Bank of Lebanon (IBL).

## Key people

* Salim Habib, Chairman and General Manager (formerly a member of parliament)
* Kamal Abi Ghosn, Executive Member of the Board
* Dr. Elie A. Assaf, Independent Member of the Board
* Me. Michel J. Tuéni, Executive Member of the Board
# Ruth Mackenzie

Ruth Mackenzie CBE (born 1957 or 1958) is an artistic director of theatres and arts festivals. She has worked extensively in the UK and Europe, and was responsible for the London 2012 Festival. In 2022 she was appointed as artistic director of the Adelaide Festival of Arts in South Australia, a role she held until her appointment as Program Director, Arts, Culture and Creative Industries Policy within the Department of the Premier and Cabinet (South Australia) in August 2024.

## Career

Mackenzie was born in 1957 or 1958 in Reading, England, but grew up first in South Africa then in London.
Mackenzie was a drama officer for Arts Council England. She was executive director of Nottingham Playhouse from 1990 until 1997, when she became director of Scottish Opera. She was co-artistic director of the Chichester Festival Theatre from 2003 to 2005, alongside Steven Pimlott and Martin Duncan. She has also been director of the Manchester International Festival.
She was director of the London 2012 Festival, the official cultural programme of the London 2012 Olympics
She was appointed artistic director of the Holland Festival in Amsterdam in 2013, which saw her deliver four festivals from 2015 to 2018. She acted as consultant dramaturg of the Vienna Festwochen.
She became the first female artistic director of the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris, France, in 2017 but was sacked from the job in August 2020 for reasons that remain unclear years later.
In early 2022 Mackenzie worked with the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, on the "Let's Do London" campaign.
In March 2022, she was announced as the artistic director of the Adelaide Festival from its 2023 edition. Initially she worked with the incumbent co-directors Neil Armfield and Rachel Healy before taking over in mid-2022. In August 2024 it was announced that Mackenzie had been appointed Program Director, Arts, Culture and Creative Industries Policy within the Department of the Premier and Cabinet.

## Recognition and awards

Mackenzie was appointed a member of the Order of the British Empire in 1995, and a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for her work on the 2012 London Olympics.

## Other roles

Mackenzie has also been a special adviser to five Secretaries of State for Culture, Media and Sport, and has acted as a consultant to the Barbican Centre, the London Symphony Orchestra, Google, the BBC and the Tate Gallery.
Mackenzie was appointed chair of the London Area Council of the Arts Council, with her term running from 1 July 2018 until 30 June 2022, after being nominated by London mayor Sadiq Khan.
# Rusty Knife

Rusty Knife (錆びたナイフ, Sabita naifu) is a 1958 action Japanese film directed by Toshio Masuda. Rusty Knife was part of the Nikkatsu film studio's wave of Japanese noir films, made in order to compete with popular American and French films at the Japanese box office. The film became more widely available outside Japan only when Janus Films released a special set of Nikkatsu noir films on DVD, as part of the Criterion Collection. The other films in the set are A Colt Is My Passport, Take Aim at the Police Van, Cruel Gun Story, and I Am Waiting.

## Plot

Yukihiko Tachibana is an ex-convict trying to begin a new life after he is released from prison. Unable to forget the rape and consequent suicide of his girlfriend, he seeks revenge against a crime syndicate while resisting the urge to kill again. Meanwhile, the district attorney Karita and his men try to build a case against the same syndicate.

## Cast

* Yujiro Ishihara as Yukihiko Tachibana
* Mie Kitahara as Keiko Nishida
* Shoji Yasui as Karita
* Mari Shiraki as Yuri
* Joe Shishido as Shimabara
* Akira Kobayashi as Makoto Terada
* Masao Shimizu as Shingo Mano
* Noaki Sugiura as Seiji Katsumata
* Toshio Takahara as Takaishi
# Rusty Lake

Rusty Lake is a lake in Meadow Lake Provincial Park in the Canadian Province of Saskatchewan in the boreal forest ecozone of Canada. The lake is the first of six notable lakes in the Rusty Creek watershed part of Meadow Lake Provincial Park. The other lakes include First Mustus, Second Mustus, Third Mustus, Peitahigan, and Fourth Mustus.
Rusty Lake, Rusty Creek, and the other lakes are part of the Waterhen River drainage basin. The Waterhen River is a tributary of the Beaver River, which flows north into Lac Île-à-la-Crosse and the Churchill River, a major tributary in the Hudson Bay drainage basin. Highway 224 runs along the northern shore of Rusty Lake.

## Fish species

Fish species found in the lake include northern pike, walleye, and yellow perch.
# Palindanuwara Divisional Secretariat

Palindanuwara Divisional Secretariat is a Divisional Secretariat of Kalutara District, of Western Province, Sri Lanka. Palindanuwara Divisional Secretarial Office is located in Baduraliya that is the major town in the area. As of 2006, the total registered population in this division was 32,790, which included 8,247 households. The total registered vehicles in the region were 4,506 including 118 cars, 841 motorbikes and 3199 pedalcycles (push cycles).
# Strapless

Strapless is a 1989 film written and directed by David Hare.

## Plot summary

An expatriate American doctor in London allows herself to lighten up when her freewheeling younger sister and a mysterious man enter her life. Her inhibitions released, the beautiful doctor learns that freedom has its own price.

## Cast

* Blair Brown – Dr. Lillian Hempel
* Bruno Ganz – Raymond Forbes
* Bridget Fonda – Amy Hempel
* Alan Howard – Mr. Cooper
* Michael Gough – Douglas Brodie
* Hugh Laurie – Colin
* Dana Gillespie – Julie Kovago
* Spencer Leigh – Hus
* Alexandra Pigg - Helen

## Release

After the film's May 1990 U.S. theatrical release, it was released on videocassette in the United States by RCA/Columbia and in Canada by Cineplex Odeon. In 2000, the film was released on DVD by Anchor Bay. The DVD has since been discontinued.