# Louis E. Martin

Louis Emanuel Martin Jr. (November 18, 1912 – January 27, 1997) was an American journalist, newspaper publisher, civil rights activist and advisor to three presidents of the United States. Through his political activism during the civil rights era, he came to be known as the "Godfather of Black Politics."

## Early life

Born in Shelbyville, Tennessee to Dr. Louis E. Martin Sr. and Willa Martin, Louis Jr. grew up in Savannah, Georgia. His father, a physician of Afro-Cuban ancestry, was a graduate of Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee. It was there that he met and married the former Willa Hill of nearby Shelbyville. Louis Jr. was their only son.
Dr. Martin moved his family to Savannah when Louis Jr. was age 4, largely because the climate of southeast Georgia reminded him of the sub-tropical climate of his native Santiago, Cuba. It was in Savannah that Louis Jr. later met and married the former Gertrude Scott, a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Ohio State University. They had five children.

## Newspaper career

After first attending Fisk University, Martin graduated from the University of Michigan in 1934, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in journalism. Following college, Martin traveled to his father's native Cuba, spending two years there as a freelance writer based in Havana. Returning to the United States in 1936, he was hired as a reporter with the Chicago Defender, a major black newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois.
After six months in Chicago, he was asked to return to Michigan to help launch the Michigan Chronicle, a black newspaper, serving as its first editor and publisher. Martin remained at this newspaper for 11 years.
Louis Martin was a founder of the National Newspaper Publishers Association, a group of black newspaper publishers. He was also (in 1970) a founder of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, a research organization in Washington, D.C. providing technical support for black officeholders and scholars. He was its first chairman, serving for eight years.

## Political career

Originally recruited by R. Sargent Shriver, Martin joined the 1960 Presidential campaign of John F. Kennedy. During the campaign, Martin was instrumental in persuading candidate Kennedy to place a telephone call to Coretta Scott King to express dismay over the jailing of her husband, the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. That phone call was credited with helping Kennedy win a major portion of the black vote in the general election that year. It prompted Dr. King's father, the Reverend Martin Luther King Sr., a registered Republican, to vote for Democratic Presidential candidate Kennedy.
Following the assassination of President Kennedy in 1963, Martin was among the few close Kennedy advisors to successfully make the transition to the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson. In 1967, as a trusted advisor, Martin was influential in President Johnson's decision to nominate Thurgood Marshall as the first black Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Of his close working relationship with Johnson it was said that "They talked to each other in the shorthand of experienced political pros", according to Clifford Alexander, Special White House counsel and the first African-American Secretary of the United States Army. Secretary Alexander regarded Martin as his mentor. Among the other leading black public figures whom Martin helped raise to prominence was Vernon E. Jordan Jr., later a close adviser to President Bill Clinton. Martin helped recruit Jordan to head the National Urban League.
Eddie Williams, president of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, said it was surprising that Martin was largely unknown to the public at large, given his wide-ranging influence in the White House and his role in the development of black political power in the Democratic Party. "One reason for this is that in Washington, he was the consummate political insider," Williams said. "He traversed the corridors of power for many years without calling attention to himself and his achievements." According to Williams, it was in the Washington Post that Martin was first called the "Godfather of Black politics".
On Monday, January 27, 1997, Martin died in Orange, California. He was 84.

## Personal life

Martin was a Catholic, a member of Little Flower Catholic Church in Bethesda, Maryland.

## Career timeline

* Michigan Chronicle, editor and publisher, 1936–1947
* Chicago Defender, editor-in-chief, 1947–59, editor, 1969–78, columnist, 1987–1997
* Democratic National Committee, deputy chairman, 1960–1969
* Political advisor to President John F. Kennedy, 1960–1963
* Political advisor to President Lyndon B. Johnson, 1963–1968
* Special assistant to President Jimmy Carter, 1978–1981
* Assistant vice president of communications, Howard University, 1981–1987
* Chairman of the board, Calmar Communications, 1981–1997

## Honors
### Awards

* National Urban League, Equal Opportunity Award, 1979
* National Newspaper Publishers Association, John B. Russwurm Award, 1980
* Howard University, Communications Award, 1987
* Democratic Party, Larry O'Brien Achievement Award, 1992

### Honorary degrees

* Wilberforce University, 1951
* Harvard, 1970
* Howard University, 1979
* Wesleyan University, 1980