OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ulmus 'Wingham'

Ulmus 'Wingham' is a complex hybrid elm cultivar featuring two Asiatic and two European species, bestowing it with an exceptionally high resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED). It was raised as clone no. FL493 by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP) in Florence, but never patented owing to its limited aesthetic appeal. It was introduced to the UK in 2011 by David Herling, Resistant Elms, who trialled it successfully at Wingham in Kent. It was later trialled by Hampshire & Isle of Wight Branch, Butterfly Conservation, as part of an assessment of DED-resistant cultivars as potential hosts of the endangered White-letter Hairstreak. 'Wingham' was released for sale in the UK in 2019.

## Description

Branching is typically rather irregular and unbalanced, but the foliage strongly resembles that of its ancestor, U. × hollandica ‘Vegeta’, better known as the Huntingdon Elm, the colour ranging from mid-green to a dark malachite. The samarae are generally obovate, typically 25 mm × 16 mm (0.98 in × 0.63 in), the seed central, with relatively long petioles.
* Samarae
* Leaf with £1 coin

## Pests and diseases

Tested by injection with the pathogen, 'Wingham' displayed an extraordinary resistance ('5 out of 5') to Dutch Elm Disease, exhibiting defoliation of just 1.44%, with 0% dieback, one of the highest of all the 1000+ clones raised by IPP, Italy.

## Cultivation

'Wingham' has excelled in the UK where planted on fertile alluvium in river valleys, but has struggled on poorer chalk and clay soils, emulating the 'English' Elm U. minor 'Atinia'. At the Castellaccio trials site in Italy, specimens increased in height by up to 1.94 m (6 ft 4 in) per annum, with a commensurate increase in girth of 2.84 cm (1.12 in). Among urban plantings in the UK are two specimens in Regent Road Park, Edinburgh, planted in 2019, and three, planted in 2014, in central Broad Walk, Christ Church Meadow, Oxford. The clone is not known elsewhere beyond Italy in continental Europe, and has not been introduced to North America or Australasia.
* 'Wingham' poor growth on chalk, 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in 10 years

## Etymology

'Wingham' is named for the village in Kent where the tree was successfully trialled.

## Hybrids

'Wingham', while still unnamed clone FL493, was crossed c.2015, as female parent, with old field elms surviving near Tonge Mill, Sittingbourne, Kent. Four inoculated seedlings "proved asymptomatic or had 2% or less of wilting", a result described in 2019 as "significant ... as it means British-bred elm seedlings with very high tolerance or resistance have for the first time been identified". Kew described these clones, propagated and planted on a trial site in Wateringbury, as "promising" (2024).

## Accessions
### Europe

* Grange Farm Arboretum, Sutton St James, Spalding, Lincs., UK. Acc. no. 1260
* Icomb Place, Icomb, Gloucestershire, Elm trials, planted 2014
* Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Acc. no. 20151813

## Nurseries

* Frank P. Matthews Ltd., Tenbury Wells, Worcs., UK
# Saffi

Saffi or Saffie may refer to:

## People

* Aurelio Saffi (1819–1890), Italian politician
* José Musalem Saffie (1924–2019), Chilean politician
* José Said Saffie (1930–2020) Peruvian-born Chilean businessman
* Saffie Lowe Ceesay, 21st century Gambian politician and civil servant
* Saffie Joseph Jr., a horse trainer whose horses were barred from the 2023 Kentucky Derby after two others died

## Other uses

* Safi, Morocco, a city in Western Morocco
* Piazza Saffi, a plaza in Forlì, Italy
* Via Saffi, a major road in Casale Monferrato, Alessandria, Italy
* Saffie, a character in the Dutch comic strip Boes
# Java Medal

The Java Medal is a campaign medal awarded by the Governor-General of India to soldiers of the armies of the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) who participated in the Invasion of Java in August and September 1811, during the Napoleonic Wars.

## Criteria

The medal was authorised in February 1812 by Lord Minto, the Governor-General of India, who had accompanied the expedition to Java. It was awarded to more senior officers in gold (133 awarded) and other ranks in silver (6,519 awarded). Recipients of the silver medal included both native Indian (5,761 recipients) and European (about 750 recipients) soldiers in HEIC service.
Members of the British Army and Royal Navy present did not receive the medal. Army officers of the rank of Major and above qualified for the Army Gold Medal, while surviving British officers, soldiers and sailors qualified for either the Military or Naval General Service Medal with clasp 'Java', when these medals was established in 1847.

## Description

The medal was struck at the Calcutta Mint in gold and in silver. Both types were 1.9 inches (48 mm) in diameter with the following design: The obverse depicts the storming of Fort Cornelis, which British and HEIC troops captured on 26 August 1811, with the word CORNELIS above. The reverse has the Persian inscription This medal was conferred in commemoration of the bravery and courage exhibited by the Sepoys of the English Company in the capture of the Kingdom of Java, in the Hijri year 1228 with, around the edge, the English wording JAVA CONQUERED XXVI AUGUST MDCCCXI. The medal was issued unnamed. The suspension is a flattened loop, pinned at the base, through which passes a suspension cord allowing the medal to be worn around the neck.
The Hijri year 1228 cited on the medal's reverse commenced on 4 January 1813. This is the year the medals were minted, not the year of the campaign, and appears to be an error.
# Roderick L. Ireland

Roderick L. Ireland (born December 3, 1944) is a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, and the first African American to serve that position. He was nominated for Chief Justice by Governor Deval Patrick on November 4, 2010, and sworn in on December 20. He retired from service on the court on July 25, 2014.

## Early life and education

Ireland was born on December 3, 1944, in Springfield, Massachusetts to Helen Garner Ireland, an elementary school teacher from Spartanburg, South Carolina, and George Lovelace Ireland, a house painter from Springfield. He grew up on Terrence Street in the Old Hill neighborhood, and attended Springfield public schools – The William N. DeBerry Elementary School, Buckingham Junior High School, and Classical High School. He received his B.A. from Lincoln University, the first degree-granting HBCU in the nation (1966); J.D. from Columbia Law School (1969); LL.M. from Harvard Law School (1975); and Ph.D. in Law, Policy and Society from Northeastern University (1998).

## Roxbury Defenders Committee

In 1971, alongside Wallace Sherwood, Ireland formed the Roxbury Defenders Committee (also known as the Roxbury Defenders).

## Judicial career

In 1977, Ireland was nominated to the Boston Juvenile Court, and in 1990, to the Massachusetts Court of Appeals. He was appointed to both courts by governor Michael Dukakis.
In 1997, he was appointed Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court by Governor William Weld. He is the first African-American associate justice and also the first African-American chief justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court. He resigned from the high court in 2014, and was replaced by Associate Justice Ralph Gants.
Ireland has served on the faculty of both Northeastern University School of Law and Northeastern University's College of Criminal Justice. He is currently Distinguished Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities at Northeastern University.

## Personal life

Ireland is married to Alice Alexander. The now adult children from their previous marriages are Elizabeth and Michael (Ireland's daughter and son), and Melanee (Alexander's daughter). Ireland is a member of the Elliot Congregational Church in Roxbury, Massachusetts.

## Honors
### Renamings

In 2015, the city of Springfield, Massachusetts renamed the street Ireland grew up on, Terence Street, to Chief Justice Roderick L. Ireland Way in honor of Ireland.
In 2017, the Hampden County Hall of Justice was renamed the Roderick L. Ireland Courthouse in honor of Ireland.

### Honorary Degrees

Ireland has received honorary degrees from Excelsior College, University of Massachusetts Boston

## Books

He is the author of Massachusetts Juvenile Law, a volume of the Massachusetts Practice Series.
# Strabomantis cerastes

Strabomantis cerastes, common name: Palma Real robber frog, is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Heavy Mechanical Complex

Heavy Mechanical Complex Ltd (HMC) is a Pakistani state-owned manufacturer based in Taxila, Rawalpindi District, Pakistan.

## History

It was established in 1977 with Chinese assistance.
It manufactures equipment for hydro-electric power plants, thermal power plants, sulphuric acid plants, industrial alcohol plants, oil and gas processing plants, and chemical and petro-chemical plants. Boilers, cranes, construction machinery, material handling equipment, steel structure, sugar mills, cement plants and railway equipment are the other products which are produced there.
# Lou Lancaster

Lou Lancaster (October 31, 1936 – July 5, 2008), born Louis Lancaster McClung, was an American magician and author.
His 1984 book Tricks Of The Trade: A Professional Looks at Commercial Closeup Magic OCLC 12995877 [edited by Phyllis Guggenheim; photos by Lancaster & Guggenheim] explained many techniques of close-up magic, and he appeared in several instructional videos produced by the International Magicians Society. The August 2005 issue of The Linking Ring featured a cover story on Lancaster and his innovations.
Lancaster performed at the Magic Castle eighteen times, with multiple engagements throughout Las Vegas, Lake Tahoe, San Francisco, Sacramento, and the Catskills. When in New York he worked at the famous Magic Towne House headed up by Dorothy Dietrich and Dick Brooks. He helped assemble Dietrich's straitjacket escape for the HBO Special The World's Greatest Escapes, in which she appeared as special guest star. She holds the record for the highest stationary escape by a woman from a straitjacket while hanging from a burning rope. She has been quoted as saying, "I trusted my life to Lou Lancaster!" She also says he invented the famous Twister illusion for Mark Wilson when he worked on his TV show. He was the resident magician at Magic Island in Newport for two years.
After Lancaster's death, Jeff McBride - who credits Lancaster with giving him his first professional engagement - participated in Lancaster's memorial Broken Wand Ceremony.
# Percy Edward Pinkerton

Percy Edward Pinkerton (19 June 1855 – 31 August 1946) was an English translator and poet. His translations included two novels by Émile Zola and a Puccini libretto.

## Early life

Pinkerton was born at Stamford Hill, Middlesex, the third child of metal broker George Pinkerton (1823-1899), son of the missionary and linguist Rev. Robert Pinkerton, DD, and Mary (née Easum; 1823-1868). His siblings included the architect Godfrey Pinkerton.

## Writing

Pinkerton published some volumes of poetry: Galeazzo, a Venetian Episode: with other Poems (Venice and London, 1886), which was praised by John Addington Symonds, Adriatica (1894), At Hazebro' (1909), and Nerina, a lyrical drama in three acts (Cambridge, 1927). He also wrote for the Magazine of Art, and in 1889 edited Christopher Marlowe's plays. However most of his literary work consisted of English translations of European songs and literature. He was a member of the late Victorian Lutetian Society, dedicated to unexpurgated translations of the works of Émile Zola. The Society included Ernest Dowson, Havelock Ellis, Arthur Symons, Victor Plarr and Alexander Teixeira de Mattos. He translated other works from German, Italian, French and Russian.

## Translations

From German
* William Müller, Field-Marshal Count Moltke, 1800–1878, 1879
* Heinrich Düntzer, The Life of Schiller, 1883
From Italian
* Matteo Bandello, Novellieri Italiani. Twelve stories selected and done into English with a memoir of the author, 1892
From French
* Memoirs of Constant, the Emperor Napoleon's head valet, 1896
* Émile Zola, Restless House, 1924
* Émile Zola, "Pot Bouille" 1894-95 (Lutetian House, London)
From Russian
* Mikhail Artsybashev, Sanine, 1914
* Mikhail Artsybashev, The Millionaire, 1915
Operas and cantatas
* Puccini, La Bohème, 1896. Performed for radio in 1930
* Puccini, The witch-dancers, performed at Manchester in 1897
* Niccola Spinelli, A Basso Porto, performed at Brighton in 1900
* Franz Schubert, songs with pianoforte accompaniment
* Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, The New Life, 1902
* Johann Sebastian Bach, Phoebus and Pan
* Hector Berlioz, Le Temple universel
* Francis Poulenc

## Lyrics

* Pansies, to Salut d'Amour by Edward Elgar

## Personal life

In 1909, aged 54, Pinkerton married 41-year-old Emily Harriet, spinster daughter of Rev. James Richard Woodgates, rector of Putley, Herefordshire. They lived at Red Lodge, Happisburgh, Norfolk. Pinkerton died on 31 August 1946, aged 91, at Ealing House, Porthleven, Cornwall. and was buried at Porthleven Cemetery alongside his wife. They had no issue.
# Pherbellia ventralis

Pherbellia ventralis is a species of fly in the family Sciomyzidae. It is found in the Palearctic . Pherbellia ventralis is a small sciomyzid (body lengths up to 4.5 mm.). The body is dark grey blue to blue grey contrasting with the yellowish brown abdomen.The mid-frontal stripe is short. The larvae feed on aquatic snails including Stagnicola palustris .
# Kenji Kimura

Kenji Kimura (木村 憲治, Kimura Kenji, born July 19, 1945) is a Japanese former volleyball player who competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics and in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
In 1968, he was part of the Japanese team which won the silver medal in the Olympic tournament. He played all nine matches.
Four years later, in 1976, he won the gold medal with the Japanese team in the 1972 Olympic tournament. He played all seven matches.
# Machlotica chrysodeta

Machlotica chrysodeta is a species of sedge moth in the genus Machlotica. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1909, and is the type species of the genus. It is found in Bolivia.
# Roderick Lake (Manitoba–Saskatchewan)

Roderick Lake is a lake on the border between Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada. The lake is in the Hudson Bay drainage basin. Except for the north-east end, most of the lake is in Saskatchewan.
There are several unnamed inflows, and the primary outflow, at the north-east, is an unnamed stream that flows south to Loon Lake on the Churchill River, a tributary of Hudson Bay.
# South African National Boxing Organisation

South African National Boxing Organisation (SANABO) is the organisation that governs boxing (or olympic style boxing) for men and women in South Africa. South African National Boxing Organisation is affiliated to the International Boxing Association (AIBA), along with the African Boxing Confederation (AFBC). SANABO is also affiliated to the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee (SASCOC), and Sport and Recreation South Africa (SRSA). It organises national competitions such as the SANABO Elite National Championships and the SANABO Boxing League.
SANABO competes in the subregional Zone Four Boxing Championships under the auspices of AFBC, in which 14 member countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADEC) participates. SANABO oversees all the nine South African provincial affiliates. Under the provincial affiliates are the districts and then the municipal boxing clubs in the governance structure. Boxing South Africa (BSA) is the organisation responsible for professional boxing in South Africa. SANABO aims to be one of the top leading olympic style boxing nations in Africa and to be ranked among the top 12 leading boxing nations affiliated to the world governing body AIBA.

## Affiliate Members

This is a list of provincial affiliated members of SANABO, according to its constitution.
* Eastern Cape Boxing Organisation
* Free State Boxing Organisation
* Gauteng Boxing Organisation
* Kwazulu Natal Boxing Organisation
* Limpopo Boxing Organisation
* Mpumalanga Boxing Organisation
* Northern Cape Province Boxing Organisation
* North West Province Boxing Organisation
* Western Cape Boxing Organisation

## Associate Members

This is a list of associate members of SANABO.
* University Sport South Africa – Boxing (USSA-Boxing)
# Louis Kent

Louis Kent was an American poet.

## Life

His work appeared in The New Yorker and Poetry Magazine.
He graduated from the University of Kansas, before working for the Department of Labor in Washington, D.C.

## Award

* 1949/1950 Shelley Memorial Award

## Work

* "Actual Grape" (PDF). Beloit Poetry Journal: 15. Summer 1951.
* "Wreaths for the Phoenix" (PDF). Beloit Poetry Journal: 16. Summer 1951.
* Declensions of the air: Poems. Dutton. 1950.

## Review

In a review by Louise Townsend Nicholl, Kent received the following praise:
   so far as I know, Louis Kent has never published another book of poems - which is too bad. Robert Hillyer, who was much interested in his work, brought him to me at Dutton's & I agreed on his "true lyrical genius", as Robert said. I had one few hours meeting with him & lunch - a tall young man, incisive & sincere & eager. Perhaps we will see his name again on a book someday. Louise Townsend Nicholl, 1956
# Periga

Periga is a genus of moths in the family Saturniidae first described by Francis Walker in 1855.

## Species

The genus includes the following species:
* Periga angulosa (Lemaire, 1972)
* Periga anitae Naumann, Brosch & Wenczel, 2005
* Periga armata (Lemaire, 1973)
* Periga aurantiaca (Lemaire, 1972)
* Periga bispinosa (Lemaire, 1972)
* Periga boettgerorum Naumann, Brosch & Wenczel, 2005
* Periga brechlini Naumann, Brosch & Wenczel, 2005
* Periga circumstans Walker, 1855
* Periga cluacina (Druce, 1886)
* Periga cynira (Cramer, 1777)
* Periga elsa (Lemaire, 1973)
* Periga extensiva Lemaire, 2002
* Periga falcata Walker, 1855
* Periga galbimaculata (Lemaire, 1972)
* Periga gueneei (Lemaire, 1973)
* Periga herbini Lemaire, 2002
* Periga inexpectata (Lemaire, 1972)
* Periga insidiosa (Lemaire, 1972)
* Periga intensiva (Lemaire, 1973)
* Periga kindli Lemaire, 1993
* Periga kishidai Naumann, Brosch & Wenczel, 2005
* Periga lichyi (Lemaire, 1972)
* Periga lobulata Lemaire, 2002
* Periga occidentalis (Lemaire, 1972)
* Periga parvibulbacea (Lemaire, 1972)
* Periga prattorum (Lemaire, 1972)
* Periga rasplusi (Lemaire, 1985)
* Periga sanguinea Lemaire, 2002
* Periga spatulata (Lemaire, 1973)
* Periga squamosa (Lemaire, 1972)
# Petroana

Petroana is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae Juss., established by Madhani & Zarre in 2018 based on molecular and morphological evidence that distinguished its species from those in the closely related genera Gypsophila L. and Dianthus L.. This genus includes perennial herbs characterized by their adaptation to rocky habitats, with two species currently recognized: the type species Petroana montserratii (Fern.Casas) Madhani & Zarre and Petroana montana (Balf.f.) Madhani & Zarre.

## Etymology

The genus name Petroana derives from the Greek "petro-", meaning rock, and the suffix "-ana", pertaining to, reflecting the rocky environments these plants inhabit.

## Distribution and habitat

Petroana species exhibit a disjunct distribution, with P. montserratii found in the Iberian Peninsula and P. montana in Yemen, Socotra, Oman, and Somalia. These plants typically grow in rocky slopes, gravelly wadi beds, limestone cracks, and vertical walls, demonstrating a preference for calcareous substrates.

## Taxonomy

Species:
* Petroana montana (Balf.f.) Madhani & Zarre – The type species, native to the Iberian Peninsula.
* Petroana montserratii (Fern.Casas) Madhani & Zarre – Found in the Arabian Peninsula and Horn of Africa.
# Keegan Kuhn

Keegan Kuhn is an American documentary filmmaker, director, producer, and professional musician. He is best known for co-directing the documentary films Cowspiracy: The Sustainability Secret and What the Health, along with Kip Andersen.

## Career and work

Kuhn is the owner of First Spark Media, a digital film production company, which focuses on creating films surrounding social justice issues for companies and non-profits. He also started First Spark Gear, a camera accessory company. In 2018, it was announced that he would be a partner for a project entitled "Fertile Ground: Inspiring Dialogue About Food Access" that received a Bloomberg Philanthropies grant to use art as a medium to help local communities and inform nutrition policy in Jackson, Mississippi.
His work on films have taken him to extreme locations, from the Alaskan wilderness to the American West, where he filmed the remaining wild horses in the United States. In addition to topics like environmental destruction and animal rescue, his work has involved subjects like gender inequality, Buddhism, and endurance sports.
Kuhn is the creator of educational music project True Nature.

## Personal life

Kuhn currently resides in the East Bay region of San Francisco with his wife Shani Campbell, a Certified Cat Behaviorist. For most of his life he has been working with nonprofit organizations and assisting in social justice movements. He has been vegan for decades. He spends his day biking and kayaking as much as possible.

## Filmography

Kuhn's film projects include:
* Turlock (2013, director)
* Cowspiracy: The Sustainability Secret (2014, director, producer, writer, cinematographer, composer)
* What the Health (2017, director, producer, writer)
* They're Trying To Kill Us (2021, producer)
He was also interviewed in the 2021 documentary Milked, which was influenced by Cowspiracy.
Kuhn is currently producing a documentary entitled The End of Medicine, which is directed by Alex Lockwood. Rooney Mara and Joaquin Phoenix are involved in the project.
# Sagauli, Unnao

Sagauli is a village in Hilauli block of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 2,048, in 380 households, and it has 3 primary schools and no healthcare facilities.
The 1961 census recorded Sagauli as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 858 (496 male and 362 female), in 160 households and 140 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 656 acres. It had a post office then.
# Uallach

Uallach is an Irish language female given name.
Uallach is a rare name in Ireland, with few notable attested bearers.

## Bearers of the name

* Uallach ingen Muinecháin, poet and Chief Ollam of Ireland, died 934.
# Roberto Clemente Park

Roberto Clemente Park may refer to the following parks, all named for Roberto Clemente:
* Roberto Clemente Memorial Park, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
* Roberto Clemente State Park in the Bronx, New York City
* Roberto Clemente Park, pool and playground in Trenton, New Jersey
* Roberto Clemente Park in New Bedford, Massachusetts
* Roberto Clemente Park in Paterson, New Jersey (formerly Sandy Hill Park)
* Roberto Clemente Park in Brentwood, New York
* Roberto Clemente Park in Miami, Florida's Wynwood neighborhood
* Roberto Clemente Park in Lowell, Massachusetts' Little Cambodia neighborhood
# Louis Prével

Louis Xavier François Prével (29 January 1879 – 26 November 1964) was a French single scull rower who competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics. A French and European champion, he won his semifinal, but failed to finish the final. He claimed that another rower knocked him out of his scull.
# Perigaster

Perigaster is a genus of minute seed weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae. There are about seven described species in Perigaster.

## Species

These seven species belong to the genus Perigaster:
* Perigaster alternans Blatchley, 1928$^{ic}$
* Perigaster cretura (Herbst, 1797)$^{icgb}$
* Perigaster liturata (Dietz, 1896)$^i$
* Perigaster lituratus Buchanan, 1937$^c$
* Perigaster longirostris Buchanan, 1931$^c$
* Perigaster obscura (LeConte, 1876)$^{ib}$
* Perigaster tetracantha Champion,$^c$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net