OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saulaces of Colchis

Saulaces was a king of Colchis known from Naturalis Historia by the 1st-century Roman author Pliny the Elder and identified by one hypothesis as a king mentioned on eight coins found on the eastern Black Sea coast.

## Pliny

According to Pliny, Saulaces was a descendant of Aeëtes, a king of Colchis of the Argonautic fame. He was further claimed to have found rich gold and silver deposits in the land of the Suani and to have furnished his palace with golden and silver structures obtained on his conquest of Sesostris, king of Egypt:
   Saulaces, the descendant of Aeëtes, had reigned in Colchis, who, on finding a tract of virgin earth, in the country of the Suani, extracted from it a large amount of gold and silver, it is said, and whose kingdom besides, had been famed for the possession of the Golden Fleece. The golden arches, too, of his palace, we find spoken of, the silver supports and columns, and pilasters, all of which he had come into possession of on the conquest of Sesostris, king of Egypt; a monarch so haughty, that every year, it is said, it was his practice to select one of his vassal kings by lot, and yoking him to his car, celebrate his triumph afresh.
Pliny's account of Saulaces and his victory over the Egyptians is uncorroborated by other written sources, but Sesostris' connection with Colchis was treated by many Classical authors, first by the 5th-century BC historian Herodotus, who credited Sesostris with leading an expedition into Asia and transplanting a group of Egyptians to settle Colchis. Martin Bernal, who accepted the historicity of Sesostris' campaign, dated the event to the 1930s or 1920s BC.

## Coinage

In the 19th century, Saulaces was identified by Alfred von Gutschmid on eight rare coins, five of which were acquired in West Georgia, near Sokhumi and in Vani. This interpretation was disputed since then. The Greek inscription on these coins is incomplete (ΒΑΣΙΛΕ... ΣΑΥ or ΣΑΥΜ). The coins are now in the collections located in Moscow, Berlin, London, and Vani. In 1951, Davit Kapanadze also supported the Saulaces identification.
The alternative hypothesis is that the coins attributed to Saulaces belonged to Saumacus, a Scythian, who seized power in the Bosporan Kingdom c. 108 BC. In particular, this was argued in 2013 by Giorgi Dundua. However, another such coin was also reported in 2007 as found in Crimea, near Theodosia. The inscription on it is complete, and reads "ΣΑΥΛΑΚΟΥ" in Greek, which supports the older Saulaces identification.
# Saulang

Saulang is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
# I Walk Alone (Marty Robbins album)

I Walk Alone is a studio album by country music singer Marty Robbins. It was released in 1968 by Columbia Records.
The album debuted on Billboard magazine's country album chart on November 16, 1968, peaked at No. 2, and remained on the chart for a total of 26 weeks. The album included two Top No. 1 singles: "I Walk Alone" and "Begging to You".
AllMusic gave the album a rating of two stars.

## Track listing

Side A
* "I Walk Alone"
* "Today I Started Loving You Again"
* "I Can't Help It (If I'm Still in Love with You)
* "They'll Never Take Her Love from Me"
* "Begging to You"
* "She Thinks I Still Care"
Side B
* "The Last Letter"
* "Lily of the Valley"
* "I Feel Another Heartbreak Coming On"
* "Windows Have Pains"
* "Let Me Live in Your World"
# Sarcodon

Sarcodon is a genus of fungi in the family Bankeraceae, which is part of the order Thelephorales, known for its almost universal ectomycorrhizal ecology. The genus owes its name to the presence of teeth-like spines on the hymenophore, from ancient Greek; sarco = flesh and odon = tooth. For this reason they are commonly called "tooth fungi", or "Hydnoid fungi".

## Description

Sarcodon species have yellow to brown tinted basidiospores, with lengths in the range of 7.4–9 μm. The basidiomata are often soft and fleshy.

## Species

As of September 2015, Index Fungorum listed 49 valid species of Sarcodon. However, in 2019 Larsson et al. transferred 12 species into the genus Hydnellum. In 2024, Douch et al. transferred Sarcodon carbonarius to the genus Neosarcodon.
* Sarcodon aglaosoma
* Sarcodon atroviridis
* Sarcodon austrofibulatus
* Sarcodon bubalinus
* Sarcodon caliginosus
* Sarcodon calvatus
* Sarcodon catalaunicus
* Sarcodon conchyliatus
* Sarcodon cyanellus
* Sarcodon cyrneus
* Sarcodon dissimulans
* Sarcodon excentricus
* Sarcodon harrisonii
* Sarcodon humilis
* Sarcodon ianthinus
* Sarcodon illudens
* Sarcodon imbricatus
* Sarcodon lanuginosus
* Sarcodon leucopus
* Sarcodon pakaraimensis
* Sarcodon portoricensis
* Sarcodon praestans
* Sarcodon procerus
* Sarcodon quercinofibulatus
* Sarcodon quercophilus
* Sarcodon quietus
* Sarcodon regalis
* Sarcodon rimosus
* Sarcodon roseolus
* Sarcodon rutilus
* Sarcodon scabripes
* Sarcodon squamosus
* Sarcodon stereosarcinon
* Sarcodon subfelleus
* Sarcodon thwaitesii
* Sarcodon umbilicatus
* Sarcodon ussuriensis
* Sarcodon ustalis
* Sarcodon wrightii

## Human uses

Several species within the Sarcodon genus, including S. imbricatus (see figure), are edible. The fungus can be bitter, but that is less apparent in younger specimens. In China, it is a popular edible mushroom and it is used to reduce cholesterol, relax the muscles, and improve blood circulation. Isolates from the genus, called scabronines, may increase nerve growth factor synthesis in vitro.
# IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award

The IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award is a Technical Field Award of the IEEE established in 1986. This award has been presented annually since 1988 for outstanding contributions to the integration of computers and communications.
The award is named in honor of Koji Kobayashi, who has been a leading force in advancing the integrated use of computers and communications.
The award may be presented to an individual, multiple recipients or team of up to three people.
Recipients of this award receive a bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium.
The award is sponsored by NEC.

## Recipients

* 1988: Stuart Wecker
* 1989: Alexander G. Fraser
* 1990: Elwyn R. Berlekamp
* 1991: Stephen S. Lavenberg
* 1991: Martin Reiser
* 1992: Vinton G. Cerf
* 1992: Robert E. Kahn
* 1993: Gottfried Ungerboeck
* 1994: Jonathan Shields Turner
* 1995: Norman Abramson
* 1996: K. Mani Chandy
* 1997: Tim Berners-Lee
* 1998: Jack Keil Wolf
* 1999: Whitfield Diffie
* 1999: Martin Hellman
* 1999: Ralph Charles Merkle
* 2000: Ronald L. Rivest
* 2000: Adi Shamir
* 2000: Leonard Adleman
* 2001: John M. Cioffi
* 2002: Van Jacobson
* 2003: Bruce Hajek
* 2004: No Award
* 2005: Frank Kelly
* 2006: Nicholas F. Maxemchuk
* 2007: Donald F. Towsley
* 2008: Don Coppersmith
* 2009: Nick McKeown
* 2010: Larry L. Peterson
* 2011: Thomas J. Richardson
* 2011: Rüdiger L. Urbanke
* 2012: Jean Walrand
* 2013: Thomas Anderson
* 2014: George Varghese
* 2015: Albert Greenberg
* 2016: Leandros Tassiulas
* 2017: Kannan Ramchandran
* 2018: Victor Bahl
* 2019: R. Srikant
* 2020: Balaji Prabhakar
* 2021: Hari Balakrishnan
* 2022: Muriel Medard
* 2023: Ion Stoica
* 2024: Anja Feldmann
# Savaştepe

Savaştepe is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 427 km$^2$, and its population is 16,765 (2022). Its elevation is 315 m (1,033 ft). The mayor is Turhan Şimşek (AKP).

## Composition

There are 50 neighbourhoods in Savaştepe District:
* Akpınar
* Ardıçlı
* Aşağıdanişment
* Beyköy
* Bozalan
* Çaltılı
* Çamurlu
* Çavlı
* Çiftlikdere
* Çukurçayır
* Cumhuriyet
* Deveören
* Dikmeler
* Esenköy
* Eyerci
* Fatih
* Güvem
* Güvemküçüktarla
* Hıdırbalı
* Hürriyet
* İsadere
* İstiklal
* Kalemköy
* Karacalar
* Karaçam
* Karapınar
* Kocabıyıklar
* Kocaören
* Koğukyurt
* Kongurca
* Kurudere
* Madenmezarı
* Mecidiye
* Minnetler
* Pelitcik
* Sarıbeyler
* Sarısüleymanlar
* Sıtmapınar
* Soğucak
* Söğütçük
* Söğütlügözle
* Tavşancık
* Türediler
* Yazören
* Yeşilhisar
* Yolcupınarı
* Yukarıdanişment
* Yukarıkaraçam
* Yunakdere
* Zafer
# Saurita tricolor

Saurita tricolor is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Schaus in 1905. It is found in French Guiana.
# IFC Wild Bills

IFC Wild Bills were a football club from the Northern Mariana Islands. They have won 2 titles in M*League in 2012 and 2013 spring.

## Achievements

* M*League champions
    2012, 2013
# IFD

IFD may stand for:

## Culture

* I Fight Dragons, a Chicago-based band
* Independent Film Distributors, UK

## Technology

* I-Frame Delay, in MPEG video
* Image File Directory, in the Exchangeable image file format (Exif)

## Organisations

* Indianapolis Fire Department, Indiana, US
* Information Flow Diagram

## Other uses

* Ideal free distribution, of animals around resources
* Ilford railway station, England, station code
* Indentation force deflection, test of memory foam
# Savigny-sur-Seille

Savigny-sur-Seille (French pronunciation:, literally Savigny on Seille) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Morigaon Law College

Morigaon Law College is a government law school situated at Sonari Gaon, Morigaon, Morigaon district in the Indian state of Assam. It offers undergraduate 3 years LL.B and 1 year LL.M . course affiliated to Gauhati University. This College was established in 2012 and the course are recognised by Bar Council of India (BCI), New Delhi.
# Richard Ackerman

Richard Ackerman may refer to:
* Dick Ackerman (born 1942), California State Senator
* Richard Henry Ackerman (1903–1992), American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church
# Pakistan Stream gas pipeline

The Pakistan Stream Gas Pipeline (PSGP) formerly known the North-South gas pipeline or PakSteam, is a Russian proposed pipeline stretching from the port city of Karachi to the city of Kasur in Punjab, Pakistan. It is a 1,100 km long project which is contracted by the Pakistani government to be built by Russia. The Pakistani government estimates that this project will cost around US$2.25 billion as of 2021 in terms of the value of the USD adjusted for inflation, so this project cost may rise in the future due to inflation expectations.
Initially the Government of Pakistan inked the agreement in 2015 in which Russia would build and operate the pipeline for the first 25 years before transferring ownership to Pakistan. However, the implementation of this agreement by the government was delayed. Since then, the agreement has been re-negotiated by the government of Imran Khan, who sought a majority share of the Pakistani government in the project with 74% of the equity owned by Pakistan and the remaining 26% equity held by Russia, making Pakistan the majority owner from the outset. Whereas the agreement inked by Sharif, Russia would have had full rights for the first 25 years of the pipeline's operation before transferring ownership of the pipeline to Pakistan. Another benefit of the new ownership structure was that it would not violate US sanctions of some Russian corporate entities.

## Pakistan's energy demand

During the winter months, demand for gas soars within Pakistan, and the country is a net importer of gas. This pipeline project would contribute to resolving issues with availability and transportation of gas within Pakistan, especially during the winter months.
# Hala Bashi

Hala Bashi was a Uyghur Muslim general of the Ming dynasty and its Hongwu Emperor.

## Miao rebellions

Hala Bashi, a Uyghur general from Turpan, fought for the Ming dynasty against the Miao rebels during the Miao rebellions of 1370s. He led Uyghur troops to crush the Miao rebels and settled in Taoyuan County, Changde, Hunan.
# USS Norfolk (SSN-714)

USS Norfolk (SSN-714), a Los Angeles-class attack submarine, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Norfolk, Virginia.

## History

The contract to build her was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia on 20 February 1976 and her keel was laid down on 1 August 1979. She was launched on 31 October 1981 sponsored by Mrs. Caspar Weinberger, and commissioned on 21 May 1983.
Norfolk conducted extensive trials of the next-generation torpedo, ADCAP, as well as advanced and secret acoustic experiments. The ship also made an active deployment during one of the final spurts of activity from the declining Soviet navy. On 23 July 1988 Norfolk fired the first ADCAP torpedo, sinking the ex-USS Jonas Ingram.
On 17 January 1989, Norfolk collided with the combat stores ship USS San Diego in the Thimble Shoals channel as both vessels were headed to sea. Norfolk struck her starboard side into the port side of San Diego. There were no injuries, but both ships suffered damage. Norfolk's commanding officer was subsequently relieved of command. The sub made a surface transit to Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay for drydocking and repairs within a few days, and San Diego required dry dock repairs that were completed 10 April 1989. As a result of this collision, COMSUBLANT issued orders limiting submarine speed and passing activities while in the restricted waters of the Hampton Roads channels.
On 25 August 2004, Norfolk returned to Naval Station Norfolk after a 22-month Engineering Refueling Overhaul (ERO) at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine.
Norfolk was decommissioned on 11 December 2014 at her homeport of Naval Station Norfolk in Virginia.
# I Love New York season 1

I Love New York (season 1) is first season of the VH1 reality television series entitled I Love New York. The first season consisted of 12 episodes, which first aired weekly from January 8, 2007 to April 15, 2007.

## Production

In July 2006, VH1 published a casting call looking for contestants for their new series tentatively titled The Flavorette. Various blogs speculated that the star of this program could be Flavor of Love season one contestants "Rain" (Thela Brown), "Hoopz" (Nicole Alexander) or Pollard. Before the second season finale of Flavor of Love, Pollard denied having her own show but when the Flavor of Love season 2 finale aired, she confirmed she was the "Flavorette" and that she was already down to the final three contestants.
On November 3, 2006, VH1 announced the show's official title: I Love New York. The first commercial for the series aired on December 3, 2006 during the VH1 2006 Big Awards show. The show premiered on Monday, January 8, 2007 and is the most watched series debut in VH1 history.

## Contestants

| Contestant Nickname | Real name | Eliminated |
| Tango | Patrick Hunter | Winner |
| Chance | Kamal Givens | Runner-Up |
| Real | Ahmad Givens | Episode 9 |
| Whiteboy | Joshua Gallander | Episode 8 |
| 12 Pack | David Amerman | Episode 7 |
| Mr. Boston | Lee Marks | Episode 6 |
| Rico | Sandro Padrone | Episode 5 |
| Heat | Jason Rosell | Episode 4 |
| Onyx | William Lash | Episode 4 |
| Bonez | Kevin Peters | Episode 3 |
| Pootie | Lamonty Council | Episode 3 (Quit) |
| T-Weed | Kevin Watson | Episode 3 |
| Romance | Ricky Perillo | Episode 2 |
| Token | Chase Irwin | Episode 2 |
| Trendz | Hashim Smith | Episode 2 |
| Ace | Darin Darnell | Episode 1 |
| Jersey | Bryant Covert | Episode 1 |
| T-Bone | Tyrone Ellis | Episode 1 |
| T-Money | Thomas Young | Episode 1 |
| Wood | Randy Richwood | Episode 1 |
    Left in episode 3 due to mental distress.

## Elimination order

    Episode 10 was a clip show
    Episode 8 New York eliminated Whiteboy, no chains were handed out and the remaining contestants' names are listed in alphabetical order.
    The contestant won the competition.
    The contestant voluntarily withdrew from the competition.
    The contestant was eliminated.
The following numbers indicate which type of date the contestant won:
* $^1$ The contestant won a group date with New York. On Episode 9, New York has a date with Tango, and another with Real and Chance. Their parents joined their sons on dates.
* $^2$ The contestant won a solo date with New York.

## DVD release

The complete first season DVD was released October 2, 2007 for publicity for the second season. It contains all eleven episodes including the reunion special. An Australian DVD was released on November 1, 2008.
# Methylbutanol

Methylbutanol may refer to:
* tert-Amyl alcohol (2-methylbutan-2-ol), a branched pentanol
* Isoamyl alcohol (3-methylbutan-1-ol), a colorless liquid
* 2-Methyl-1-butanol, an organic chemical compound
* 3-Methyl-2-butanol, an organic chemical compound used as a solvent and an intermediate
# Mexican Federal Highway 106

Federal Highway 106 (Carretera Federal 106) is a Federal Highway of Mexico. The highway is a short connector route that links Tres Marias, Morelos in the east to Santa Martha, State of Mexico in the west.
# Methane Princess

Methane Princess and Methane Progress were the first purpose-built LNG carriers, entering service in 1964 and used to transport natural gas from Algeria to the UK. Methane Princess was built at the Vickers shipyard at Barrow-in-Furness and her sister by Harland and Wolff in Belfast.

## Design and construction

In 1958 the tanker Methane Pioneer entered service, converted from a cargo ship for the sea transport of liquified natural gas (LNG), by a joint venture of Conoco and Union Stock Yards, funded by the British Gas Council, later joined by the Shell and renamed Conch International Methane. Following the successful proving of the technological and commercial viability by Methane Pioneer, two identical purpose-designed tankers were ordered by Conch to service a contract by British Gas to import LNG from Arzew, Algeria. One ship was ordered from Vickers-Armstrongs Shipbuilders at Barrow-in-Furness as Yard No.1071 and the other from Harland and Wolff in Belfast as Yard No.1653.
Both ships were 189.3 m (621 ft) long overall and 177.0 m (580.7 ft) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 24.9 m (82 ft), and measured 21876 gross registered tons. Their cargo volume capacity was 27,400 cubic metres (970,000 cu ft), divided between nine prismatic, or prism-shaped, tanks. Unlike the diesel-powered Methane Pioneer, the new ships were powered by a novel system with dual fuel steam turbines, utilising boil-off LNG from the cargo tanks as well as conventional fuel oil. The keel of Methane Princess was laid on 26 April 1962 and she was launched on 22 June 1963. The keel of Methane Progress was laid on 24 September 1962 and she was launched on 19 September 1963.

## Commercial operation

Although Methane Progress was completed first, on 26 May 1964, it was Methane Princess (completed 21 June) that took on the first load of natural gas at Arzew, Algeria when the liquefaction plant was opened on 27 September, and arrived at the Gas Council's terminal at Canvey island, Essex on 12 October. The two ships could transport 700,000 tons of liquified gas per year, then estimated as 10 per cent of Britain's gas consumption.
The import of LNG from Algeria to Canvey ceased in 1981.
Methane Progress was scrapped in 1986 at Castellón, Spain, but her sister not until 1997, at Alang, India.
# Michael Enn Sirvet

Michael Enn Sirvet (born 1967) is an American sculptor, designer, and structural engineer. He acquired skills and exposure to traditional sculpture techniques while studying undergraduate art history as a minor at Fordham University in the Bronx, New York, and while studying for his Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, at the University of Maryland, College Park, by pursuing a minor in Studio Arts.

## Early career

Sirvet is largely self-taught. In his early career as an artist, while maintaining full-time employment as a structural engineer as a member of Land Sculpture Studio in Beltsville, Maryland, he worked principally at making abstract, contemporary minimalist constructions using recycled metals and wood. His first shows at Washington D.C.'s Artomatic introduced him to the larger contemporary arts community in the metropolitan area. His bowl "Millennia" was awarded Award of Distinction for Metal by the James Renwick Alliance, a program of the Renwick Gallery, Smithsonian American Art Museum.

## Mid-career

Sirvet's mid-career started flourishing when he left full-time work in 2008 to concentrate on fine art sculpture and functional design.
Having experimented with new forms in the early 2000s, Sirvet still works by hand, but has also pioneered use of new industrial technology for his art, using skills learned in the engineering field to create solid forms out of structural aluminum, architectural plastics, and wood, which are sometimes combined in modular components.
Sirvet has garnered several public art installations, including two commissions for the United States' Art in Embassies Program for the United States Embassy in Valletta, Malta and the United States Consulate in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. In the United States, public art installations include Farragut Spheres for District of Columbia's Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority MetroArts Art in Transit program, and Red Orchard Wall for the Montgomery County Public Arts Trust.
# Michael English (politician)

Michael English (24 December 1930 – 16 July 2019) was a British Labour Party politician.

## Early life

English was educated at King George V Grammar School, Southport and Liverpool University. He was a councillor on Rochdale Borough Council 1953–65.

## Parliamentary career

English contested Shipley in 1959. He was Member of Parliament for Nottingham West from 1964 to 1983, when the seat was abolished by boundary changes. Following his retirement from Parliament, he served as a councillor in the London Borough of Lambeth. He was an opponent of Britain's membership of the EEC.
He was subsequently Chairman of the London Local Involvement Network.
English was interviewed in 2012 as part of The History of Parliament's oral history project.

## Subsequent

He was later active in the National Association of LINks Members, the Healthwatch network, Community Health Councils and Public and Patient Involvement Forums. He was a leading figure in the Patients' Forum for the London Ambulance Service.

## Personal life

He married Carol Christine Owen on 11 September 1976 at Burton Coggles in south Lincolnshire. They had a daughter, born in 1978, and a son, born in 1980. They met in 1969 in Chelsea, London, where they both lived. In 1978 they moved to the London Borough of Lambeth. English died in July 2019 at the age of 88.