OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Northern mealy amazon

The northern mealy amazon or northern mealy parrot (Amazona farinosa guatemalae) is among the largest parrots in the genus Amazona, the amazon parrots. It is a mainly green parrot with a total length of 38–41 cm (15–16 in). It is endemic to tropical Central America. This parrot and the southern mealy amazon (Amazona farinosa farinosa) are conspecific, having previously been considered separate species.

## Description

The northern mealy amazon has a total length of about 38–41 cm (15–16 in) and weighs 540–700 g (19–25 oz). It has a relatively short and squarish tail, as do the other members of the Amazona genus.
The northern mealy amazon is mainly green. The back and nape often have a whitish tinge; almost as if it had been covered in a thin layer of flour ("meal"; hence its name). The distal half of the tail is paler and more yellow than the basal half, thus resulting in a distinctly bi-colored look. In flight it shows a bluish-black trailing edge to the wing and a conspicuous red speculum. Occasionally a few yellow feathers are apparent on the top of the head and it has a bluish-tinged crown. The maroon to orange eyes (which typically appear dark from a distance) are surrounded by a relatively broad white eye-ring of bare skin.

## Distribution and habitat

The northern mealy amazon occurs in tropical Central America. It frequents humid to semi-humid forest (only rarely in deciduous forest) and plantations. In regions dominated by open/dry habitats it is restricted to gallery forest or completely absent.

## Behavior

The northern mealy amazon is social and can be found in pairs or in large flocks. They are even known to interact with other parrots, such as macaws. They are usually quiet but can be loud at dusk and dawn.

### Diet

The diet of the northern mealy amazon consists mostly of fruits, seeds, berries, nuts, blossoms, and leaf buds.

## Breeding

After northern mealy amazons reach sexual maturity they usually form monogamous relationships with a single partner. Each year courtship usually begins in early spring, and the female will usually lay three or four white eggs in a tree-cavity nest. The female incubates the eggs for about 26 days. The male regurgitates food for the female during the incubation period, and later for the chicks in the nest as well. The chicks leave the nest about 60 days after hatching.

## Status and conservation

It is fairly common in most of its range, but has declined locally due to habitat loss and trapping for the wild parrot trade. Trafficking of the birds (as for exotic pets) is illegal in many nations, but the species are still smuggled into the United States from Mexico. The northern mealy amazon sometimes feeds on human crops (especially corn) and may be considered a crop pest.
# Écuillé

Écuillé (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.
# Joseph Beer (clarinetist)

Joseph Beer (18 May 1744, Grünwald [de], Bohemia – 28 October 1812, Berlin) was one of the first internationally famous clarinet virtuosos, with connections to many major composers of the era.
Beer served as trumpeter first in the Austrian and then in the French army during the Seven Years' War. In 1771 he went to Paris, and there took up the clarinet, on which he rapidly became the first major performer of his time. In 1782 he left Paris, and traveled through Holland, Italy, Russia, and Hungary.
As a performer Beer effected a complete revolution in the clarinet, which he greatly improved by the addition of a fifth key. Until aged nearly fifty he had heard only French players, but having heard in Brussels a German performer, Schwartz, he discovered the instrument's tonal capabilities, and finally became as celebrated for the softness and purity of his tone, for the delicacy of his nuances, and especially his decrescendo, as he was for his execution. His compositions comprise three concertos for two clarinets, variations, and duets.
# Leri pleonosteosis

Leri's pleonosteosis is a rare rheumatic condition. It was first described by the French physician Leri in 1921.

## Presentation

The clinical features of this condition include
* Flattened facial features
* Flexion contractures of the interphalangeal joints of hand and foot.
* Limited motion of multiple joints
* Short broad metacarpals, metatarsals and phalanges
Thickening of the skin may occur in a fashion similar to that occurs in scleroderma. The thumbs may be angled in a lateral direction (valgus deformity). The knees may be angled backwards (genu recurvatum). Abnormalities of the upper spinal cord may also occur.

## Genetics

It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.The pathogenesis of this condition appears to be due to over expression of two genes - GDF6 and SDC2. These genes are located on the long arm of chromosome 8(8q22.1).
# John Rothchild

John Harmon Rothchild (May 13, 1945 – December 27, 2019) was a freelance writer specializing in financial matters. He authored or co-authored more than a dozen books on finance and investing, and served as an editor of Washington Monthly as well as a columnist for Time and Fortune.
# Yaginuma

Yaginuma (written: 柳沼 or 八木沼) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hiroka Yaginuma (柳沼 寛香, born 1981), Japanese professional wrestler
* Junko Yaginuma (figure skater) (八木沼 純子, born 1973), Japanese figure skater
* Junko Yaginuma (model) (柳沼 淳子, born 1978), Japanese model
* Kou Yaginuma (柳沼 行, born 1973), Japanese manga artist
# Sophus Juncker-Jensen

Sophus Juncker-Jensen (16 February 1859 – 16 October 1940) was an early Danish photographer. He operated a photographic studio in Copenhagen from 1888 to 1940. It was from 1894 situated at Vimmelskaftet 39. He was a noted portrait photographer and is also remembered for his photographs from the Nordic Exhibition of 1888. The studio was after his death continued by his son Jens Juncker-Jensen until 1976.

## Early life

Juncker-Jensen was born on 16 February 1859 in Vejle. the son of photographer J. J. Jensen. He was apprenticed to J. E. Bøgh in Aarhus. He was in the early 1880s employed by Gottlieb Støckel in Rønne on Bornholm. He later worked for Budtz Müller & Co. in Copenhagen.

## Photographic studio

Juncker-Jensen acquired the exclusive rights to operating a photographic studio at the Nordic Exhibition of 1888. It opened on 18 May 1888 and he made portrait photographs of many of the visitors and sold large prints of his exterior and interior photographs from the exhibition.
Hos photographic studio was after the exhibition moved to new premises at Frederiksberggade 21. In 1891 he went on a study trip to Russia and several countries in Western Europe.
His photographic studio relocated to the adjacent building at Frederiksberggade 19 in 1893 and to Vimmelskaftet in 1895.
The firm was after Juncker-Jensen's death in 1940 continued by two of his sons. Jens Juncker-Jensen continued it until 1976.

## Written works

Juncker-Jensen has written Fotografisk erindringer about his life as photographer.

## Personal life

Juncker-Jensen married Rigmor Ida Wilhelmine Holzmann (17 March 1883 – 10 September 1978), a daughter of banker Johan Poul Christopher Holzmann (died 1923) and Dagmar Knudsen (1924).
Juncker-Jensen was appointed as a Knight in the Order of the Dannebrog in 1938.

## Legacy

The firm's negatives from 1921 to 1974 and protocols from 1922 to 1974 are kept in Royal Danish Library9.

## Gallery

* Amagertorv, 1895
* Slotsholmen, 1895
# QAG

QAG may refer to:
* QAG, general-purpose routine in the QUADPACK FORTRAN 77 library for numerical integration of one-dimensional functions
* Qualification Approval Guide, a procedural document used in the qualification and approval of flight simulators
* Queensland Art Gallery, an art museum located in South Bank, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
# Lorraine Smith Pangle

Lorraine Smith Pangle (born April 26, 1958) is a professor of political philosophy in the Department of Government and co-director of the Thomas Jefferson Center for the Study of Core Texts and Ideas at the University of Texas at Austin. Her interests are ancient, early modern, and American political philosophy, ethics, the philosophy of education, and problems of justice and moral responsibility. She has won fellowships from the Searle, Olin, and Earhart Foundations, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Pangle received her B.A. in history from Yale, a B.Ed. from the University of Toronto, and her PhD from University of Chicago in 1999. She is married to Thomas Pangle.

## Books

* Reason and Character: The Moral Foundations of Aristotelian Political Philosophy, University of Chicago Press, 2020
* Virtue Is Knowledge: The Moral Foundations of Socratic Political Philosophy, University of Chicago Press, 2014
* The Political Philosophy of Benjamin Franklin (The Political Philosophy of the American Founders), Johns Hopkins, 2007
* Aristotle and the Philosophy of Friendship, Cambridge, 2003
* The Learning of Liberty: The Educational Ideas of the American Founders (with Thomas Pangle). University Press of Kansas, 1993
# Northern carmine bee-eater

The northern carmine bee-eater (Merops nubicus) is a brightly-coloured bird in the bee-eater family, Meropidae. It is found across northern tropical Africa, from Senegal eastwards to Somalia, Ethiopia and Kenya. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the southern carmine bee-eater which has a carmine coloured throat rather than the blue throat of the northern species.

## Taxonomy

The northern carmine bee-eater was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the other bee-eaters in the genus Merops and coined the binomial name Merops nubicus. Gmelin based his description on "Le guépier rouge à tête bleu" or "Guépier de Nubie" that had been described and illustrated in 1779 by French polymath Comte de Buffon in his multi-volume book Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux. Buffon had been provided with a picture drawn by the Scottish traveller and writer James Bruce who had visited Nubia in 1770–1771. It is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. The northern carmine bee-eater was formerly treated as conspecific with the southern carmine bee-eater (Merops nubicoides).

## Description

This species, like other bee-eaters, is a richly colored, slender bird, predominantly carmine in color, except for a greenish blue head and throat and distinctive black mask. This species has red eyes, a black, pointed, decurved beak, and elongated central tail feathers.
The sexes are similar in appearance, and the juveniles can be distinguished from adults by their lack of elongated central tail feathers and the pinkish brown coloration of their mantle, chest to belly, and flanks. The call is a deep, throaty tunk in flight; a series of rik notes when perched.

## Distribution

It is native to Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo and Uganda. It occurs as a vagrant in Burundi.
Sue McLaren and colleagues have suggested that the distribution of the northern carmine bee-eater is tightly linked to the presence of secondary loess deposits throughout Africa.

## Behavior
### Breeding

They nest in large colonies in cliffs, usually near river banks, where they use their bills to dig long horizontal nesting tunnels, often eight feet or more in length. Some colonies may consist of just a few nests while others accommodate hundreds of breeding birds. The same site may be used for several years and then the colony may all move to another location. Occupied nests accumulate a black litter of insect remains and smell strongly of ammonia. Three to five eggs are laid per clutch.

### Feeding

Their diet is made up primarily of bees and other flying insects, such as flying ants, grasshoppers and locusts. The main hunting strategy of bee-eaters is to keep watch for flying insects from a perch, and then snatch them out of the air using their beaks, before returning to the perch.
# Élie Cohen (conductor)

Élie Cohen, born in Marseille in 1886, was a conductor, principally active in the field of opera in France during the inter-war years, and made many recordings.

## Career

Cohen made his debut at the Opéra-Comique on 7 August 1922 with Lakmé and continued to conduct there up to 1940. He also conducted premieres and new productions of A Quoi Rêvent les Jeunes Filles (Fraggi), Swan Lake, Printemps Fleuri (ballet, music Tchaikovsky), Reflets (ballet, music Schmitt), Le Chemineau, Gianni Schicchi, Masques et Bergamasques (Leroux), and La Peau de chagrin (Levadé).
Cohen conducted the Opéra de Nice from at least the 1936/1937 season, an example of which was an all-Ravel opera and ballet evening in 1937. His appointment there was warmly welcomed by both public and critics. Outside France, he conducted Lakmé in Geneva in 1934, with Vina Bovy in the title role. He was listed as an assistant conductor of the Orchestre Radio-symphonique-lyrique which, along with many other musicians, was evacuated to Rennes in September 1939, just after the opening of hostilities in World War II.
Cohen was a regular conductor of French opera for Columbia in the 1920s and 30s. Notable among Cohen's recordings are complete versions of Carmen (1928, missing the dialogue and act 1 finale; the Flower Song is conducted by Gaubert), Manon (1932), and Werther (1931), where his achievement of "unforced, eloquently expressive, forwardly-placed French word-singing" has been much praised. He also directed the accompaniment to recorded operatic excerpts sung by French singers of the period, as well as some Songs of the Auvergne, with Madeleine Grey.
# Jorge Cervera Hauser

Jorge Hauser is a Mexican film producer and underwater photographer. He produced the documentary México Pelágico. He has photographed sharks, and has been active in the promotion of ecotourism.
# Lepturgantes candicans

Lepturgantes candicans is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1863.
# Reidmorania

Reidmorania occidentalis is a succulent plant in the stonecrop family (Crassulaceae) native to the state of Sinaloa in Mexico. It is within the monotypic genus Reidmorania, which is named after botanist Reid Moran, who was notable for his research in the Crassulaceae family.

## Description
### Morphology

The plant grows in a caespitose habit, with short stems and rosettes around 4.5 cm wide. The leaves are oblanceolate and obtuse, mucronate, glabrous, and bluish green to green. The inflorescence is paniculate, with floral stems 11 to 36 cm long, bearing 3 to 10 flowers. The sepals are ascending, adpressed, ovate, and are colored olive-green, with the corolla tubular-campanulate, 6 to 7 mm long, 4 mm wide at the base, and 7 mm wide at the mouth. The petals are ascending, imbricate, and oblanceolate, keeled, and with three to five faint reddish longitudinal veins, the central darkest, and merging with the cuspidate reddish apex.

## Taxonomy
### Taxonomic history

The plant was discovered to science in Sinaloa by a collector J. G. Ortega in 1920. This plant was originally placed as Graptopetalum occidentale, described by Joseph Nelson Rose and Eric Walther in 1933 from the single collection. Echeveria kimnachii was also described later in 1998 by Jorge Meyrán and Rito Vega, named after botanist Myron Kimnach. It was placed in the series Paniculatae, compared with Echeveria amoena and Echeveria microcalyx. Kimnach himself realized the species was synonymous with Graptopetalum occidentale, but noticed that the species did not fit into Graptopetalum, and thus was moved into the new genus Reidmorania, named after Kimnach's late colleague Reid Moran.

## Distribution and habitat

This plant is found in the Culiacán Municipality of Sinaloa state, on the northwestern coast of México, to the southeast of Baja California. It is also found in a limited area near La Sierra de Tacuichamona. In habitat, it occurs in tropical to sub-tropical and sub-deciduous forest, commonly associated with species of Agave, Brosimum, Bursera, Echeveria and Hechtia.
# Shotley Park

54°52′29.755″N 1°51′19.544″W﻿ / ﻿54.87493194°N 1.85542889°W﻿ / 54.87493194; -1.85542889
Shotley Park is a former stately home and estate near the town of Shotley Bridge in County Durham, England. It is a listed building with grade II.
The house was built by Jonathan Richardson, the founder of Shotley Bridge Spa, the driving force in the town’s rapid growth in the mid 19th century. Richardson was also heavily involved in the Derwent Iron Company (later the Consett Iron Company). With the demise of the Derwent Iron Company and financial crisis, Richardson moved to Woodlands Hall (near Knitsley).
The Richardson family sold Shotley Park to the Priestman family in the late 19th century following the death of Jonathan Richardson on Christmas Day 1871. Following wartime use as a nursing home during WW2 and the Priestmans moving to Slaley Hall the main property fell into institutional use before being gifted to Barnardo's in the 1950s and was a children’s home til the late 1980s when Shotley Park was turned into a residential care home for the elderly which closed in 2023. It was then bought by a developer who has had plans approved to turn it into a hotel
# Xu Xihan

Xu Xihan is a Chinese Paralympic swimmer. She represented China at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the gold medal in the women's 50 metre butterfly S5 event.
# Heinrich Johann Niemeyer

Heinrich Johann Niemeyer was a German independent architect.
Niemeyer's style was partly based on other futuristic architecture like that of Frank Lloyd Wright, Antoni Gaudi and John Lautner and combined space for work and living under same roof.
Born 1936 and died 2010 in Tübingen each, by 1977 for his family he had built a house in Rottenburg-Dettingen. He was a member of Unitas Markomannia fraternity. Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer was a far relative of him. Niemeyer worked until his death in the surrounded by nature, a small, romantic-haunted "house in the Charlottenstraße 22 of Tübingen, which was not built by him, but was older and demolished in 2016.

## Work (selection)

* 1959/60: Neckarhalde 43, Tübingen: House Herb with natural architecture and Green roof (while studying)
* 1968: Neckarhalde 41, Tübingen: glazed apartment house in which the literary scholar Hans Mayer lived.
* Stilt houses of Pulheim–Sinnersdorf
* crystal Houses of Bregenz hexagonal buildings similar to the Futuro by Matti Suuronen or the Chemosphäre by John Lautner.
* 1970: Crystal House Nagold–Emmingen
* Stilt houses of Sinnersdorf
* The Herb House in Tübingen
# QAM (disambiguation)

QAM stands for Quadrature amplitude modulation
QAM may also refer to:
* QAM (television), digital television standard using quadrature amplitude modulation
* q.AM (Quaque die Ante Meridiem), indicates medication should be taken every morning
* Quantum analog of AM complexity class - see QMA
* Queer Azaadi Mumbai, LGBT pride march held in the Indian city of Mumbai
# Lough Beagh

Lough Beagh (Irish: Loch Ghleann Bheatha), also known as Lough Veagh, is a freshwater lake in the northwest of Ireland. It is located in north County Donegal and is part of Glenveagh National Park.

## Geography

Lough Beagh is about 24 kilometres (15 mi) northwest of Letterkenny. It measures about 6 km (3.7 mi) long and 1 km (0.6 mi) wide and lies in the narrow Glenveagh valley surrounded by the Derryveagh and Glendowan Mountains. Steep granite cliffs rise on both sides of the lake to heights of about 300 m (1,000 ft). The lake has numerous small islands at its northern end.

## Hydrology

Lough Beagh is fed mainly by the Owenbeagh River entering at its southern end. The lake drains northwards into the Owencarrow River. The Owencarrow connects the lake with its similar northern neighbour, Glen Lough.

## Natural history

Fish species in Lough Beagh include brown trout (including sea trout), Arctic char, salmon, minnow and the critically endangered European eel. Bird life includes the migrating red-throated diver and the reintroduced golden eagle.

## History

The lake is mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters, where in about 1540 sons of Ó Domnaill "held the crannog of Loch Veagh and from it were greatly troubling the country".
# Úna Uí Phuirséil

Úna Uí Phuirséil (Agnes Hourigan-Purcell) was the 17th president of the Camogie Association. Born Agnes Hourigan in Ballingarry, County Limerick, she had three brothers, Dan, Sean, Fr Jack Hourigan, and four sisters [including Maisie and Ellen].

## Introduction to Camogie

She played initially for Limerick and won an Ashbourne Cup with University College Dublin alongside another future camogie presidential candidate Inez O’Kelly and an All-Ireland medal with Dublin in 1938 and later wrote on camogie for the Irish Press under her own name and simultaneously under the nom-de-plume "‘Taobh Line"‘ for the Irish independent.
She became president of the colleges camogie council, CCLA, chair of Leinster Colleges Council (1964-73), and secretary of the Leinster Council.

## Pádraig Puirséil

In 1943 she married Pádraig Puirséil (1914–79), novelist and GAA correspondent of the Irish Press from 1970 to 1979, and author of the GAA history: "‘The GAA in Its Time"‘ based on Puirséal's research and articles about the history of the GAA, was edited by Padraig's sister Mary (1906–91), also a writer and archivist, and published posthumously (1982), Their house in Kenilworth Park was an open house for GAA and camogie people.

## Presidency

During her presidency in 1977 Comhairle na mBunscoileanna was set up with former president Síghle Nic an Ultaigh as chair. The first Senior National League Final was played and won by a Tipperary team which included as one of its members a future camogie association president Liz Howard.
At the time of her death in 1983 she was treasurer of Árd Chómhairle, vice chair of the All Ireland Colleges Council, and PRO for both Leinster camogie board and Dublin County Camogie Board.

## Legacy

Corn Uí Phuirséil, the colleges trophy, the Féile na nGael camogie trophy and the Purcell Cup awarded for the third level colleges second division competition, are all named in honour of her and her husband.
# Tomás Corrigan

Tomás Corrigan (born August 1, 1990) is a Gaelic footballer who has played for the Fermanagh GAA, Kinawley, Dublin GAA,St Oliver Plunketts, and the Fermanagh county team.

## Career

Corrigan made his Inter County Debut Date in January 2010.
Corrigan played for Fermanagh, who reached the 2015 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship quarter-finals. He became well-known after Fermanagh beat Westmeath the same year.
He was the fourth highest scorer in Championship 2016, making a higher scoring average than marquee forwards Cillian O'Connor, Conor McManus, and Michael Quinlivan.
In 2016, Corrigan transferred from Kinawley to St Oliver Plunketts in Dublin.
In 2018, he helped to take the Fermanagh team to the 2018 Ulster Senior Football Championship final. He then travelled to Mexico and Argentina.
In total, he has made 85 appearances as a corner-forward. He has been critical of The Sunday Game on several occasions.

## Personal life

Corrigan was born in 1990 and attended St Michael's College, Enniskillen. He went on to study Law at Trinity College Dublin, graduating in 2013.
He is a solicitor and has previously worked for the law firm Arthur Cox. In 2021, he moved to the law firm Mason Hayes & Curran in Dublin.
His father Dominic Corrigan played for and managed Fermanagh. His brother Ruari plays for Fermanagh and Kinawley.