OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# LII Legislature of the Mexican Congress

The LII Legislature of the Congress of Union, the 52nd session of the Congress of Mexico, met from 1 September 1982 to 31 August 1985 in the newly inaugurated Legislative Palace of San Lázaro. The members of both chambers – 64 senators and 400 deputies – were elected in the general election held on 4 July 1982.
On its first day of sessions, the 52nd Congress heard the sixth and final State of the Nation report of President José López Portillo in which, amidst a massive economic and currency crisis, he announced the nationalization of the country's private banks and imposed stringent exchange controls.
# John Leslie-Melville, 12th Earl of Leven

John David Leslie-Melville, 12th Earl of Leven (5 April 1886 – 11 June 1913) (known as Lord Balgonie from 1889 to 1906) was a Scottish soldier and banker who served as a Scottish representative peer.

## Early life

Leslie-Melville was born on 5 April 1886. He was the eldest son of Ronald Leslie-Melville, 11th Earl of Leven and the former Emma Selina Portman (1863–1941). His siblings were Hon. Archibald Alexander Leslie-Melville, Capt. Hon. David William Leslie-Melville, Lt.-Col. Hon. Ian Leslie-Melville, and Lady Constance Betty Leslie-Melville. His father was a very wealthy landowner and resided at Holyrood Palace when he was Lord High Commissioner of Scotland.
His paternal grandparents were John Thornton Leslie-Melville, 9th Earl of Leven and the former Sophia Thornton (a daughter of abolitionist Henry Thornton MP). His maternal grandfather was Henry Portman, 2nd Viscount Portman.
He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, where he used to hunt with the Bicester Hounds.

## Career

Lord Leven was a Lieutenant in the Lovat Scouts Yeomanry in the British Army. He served as a Scottish representative peer from 1910 until his death in June 1913. He was also a member of the London banking firm of Frederick Huth & Co.
Upon his father's death on 21 August 1906, he succeeded as the Viscount of Kirkaldie, the Lord Raith, Monymaill and Balwearie, the Earl of Melville, the Earl of Leven, the Lord Melville of Monymaill, the Lord Balgonie. Lord Leven was required to pay death duties of $1,250,000 on the estate, which exceeded $6,500,000. Reportedly, the "depletion of the estate so impressed the successor to it that he insured his life for the benefit of the estate."

## Personal life

Lord Leven died, unmarried, on 11 June 1913, "caused by injuries sustained in the hunting field", which was later determined to be "an accidental death". His funeral was held in Scotland, and his titles passed to his younger brother, Archibald. The death duties of over $600,000 were met by the insurance taken out upon his succession to the title. A year later, his brother, a Lieutenant in the Second Dragoons, Royal Scots Greys, was wounded during the "cavalry fight in Waterloo". Lord Leven was left behind when his regiment retreated and later escaped from a German prison disguised as a refugee.
# Theodore Howard McCaleb

Theodore Howard McCaleb (February 10, 1810 – April 29, 1864) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Louisiana, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana and the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.

## Education and career

Theodore Howard McCaleb was born in Pendleton District, South Carolina on February 10, 1810. He was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy, and attended Yale University, but left before graduating. He read law in 1832, and entered private practice in New Orleans, Louisiana from 1832 to 1841. He was a member of the faculty at the University of Louisiana (now Tulane University) from 1847 to 1864 serving as a professor from 1847 to 1864, and as dean of faculty from 1850 to 1862.

## Federal judicial service

McCaleb was nominated by President John Tyler on September 1, 1841, to a joint seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana and the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana vacated by Judge Philip Kissick Lawrence. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 3, 1841, and received his commission the same day. McCaleb was reassigned by operation of law to the United States District Court for the District of Louisiana on February 13, 1845, to a new seat authorized by 5 Stat. 772. McCaleb was reassigned by operation of law to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana on March 3, 1849, to a new seat authorized by 9 Stat. 401. His service terminated on January 28, 1861, due to his resignation.

## Later career and death

Following his resignation from the federal bench, McCaleb resumed private practice in New Orleans from 1861 to 1864. He died on April 29, 1864, at his plantation in Claiborne County, Mississippi.
# San Marino identity card

The San Marino identity card is an identification document of the Republic of San Marino, since January 2017 the electronic identity card has been in use.

## History

The issue of the San Marino identity card was governed only by the law of 20 January 1963, n.3, the law provided that the identity cards should no longer be issued by the Gendarmerie but by the Directorate of Civil Status Services and those still present. they had to be replaced within the year; the identity card had a value of three years for San Marino citizens and one year for resident foreign citizens. The law 25 January 1990, n. 12 the identity card is also issued to resident foreigners who have reached the age of fourteen and a file is set up at the headquarters of the Gendarmerie and the duration of the identity card passes to five years. With the law of June 17, 2004, n.83, the data of the file are entered in the computer database of the Civil Status Office and transmitted to the Gendarmerie The Delegated Decree of August 16, 2016, n.105 provides for the issuance of the electronic identity card (CIE) for all San Marino citizens and for foreigners residing in the Republic, the signature is not required for children under 12 and the document is valid for five years and three years for children under six years of age, the Decree was ratified on January 18, 2017.

## Features

The new San Marino identity card is electronic and biometric. It is made of plastic and is the size of a credit card. On the front there is the digital image which is also replicated laterally, and the data are expressed in Italian and English: surname, name, nationality, place and date of birth, date of issue and expiry, card number, gender, card number and personal number. On the back there is also a holographic micro-print.

## Obtainment

It is necessary to go with the expired identity card or an identification document to the Civil Status Office - Demographic and Electoral Services of Borgo Maggiore and pay 30 euros, for children under 6 it has a cost of 15 euros.

## Identity card as a travel document

The San Marino identity card also functions as a travel document in the countries and territories listed to the right in infobox.
# Mikhail Shchetinin

Mikhail Shchetinin may refer to:
* Mikhail Shchetinin (politician) (born 1953), Russian politician
* Mikhail Shchetinin (footballer) (born 2005), Russian footballer
# Monetary policy of Sweden

The monetary policy of Sweden is decided by Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden. The monetary policy is instrumental in determining how the Swedish currency is valued.

## History

The main events in the monetary history of the Krona are:
* Introduction of the Krona, based on the gold standard on 5 May 1873. (1 kg of gold = 2480 Kronor)
* The tie to gold is abolished on 2 August 1914.
* The tie to gold is de facto re-established in November 1922.
* The tie to gold is de jure re-established on 1 April 1924
* The tie to gold is abolished once more on 27 September 1931. Floating exchange rate.
* A tie to the British pound is introduced in June 1933. (1 GBP = 19.40 SEK)
* Tied to the US dollar on 28 August 1939. (1 USD = 4.20 SEK)
* A controlled appreciation of 14.3%, against all other currencies and gold on 13 July 1946. (1 USD = 3.60 SEK)
* A controlled depreciation of 30.5% against the USD on 19 September 1949. (1 USD = 5.17 SEK)
* Membership of the International Monetary Fund and part of the Bretton Woods system on 31 August 1951.
* A controlled depreciation of 1.0% against gold and a 7.5% appreciation against the USD on 21 December 1971.
* A controlled depreciation of 5.0% against gold and a 5.6% appreciation against the USD on 16 February 1973.
* Membership in the European "currency snake" in March 1973.
* Adjustment of the exchange rates within the "snake"; a controlled 3% depreciation against the DEM on 18 October 1976.
* Adjustment of the exchange rates within the "snake"; a controlled 6% depreciation against the DEM on 4 April 1977.
* Sweden leaves the "snake". A controlled 10% depreciation against a trade based "currency basket" on 29 August 1977.
* A controlled depreciation of 10% against the "currency basket" on 14 September 1981.
* A controlled depreciation of 16% against the "currency basket" on 8 October 1982.
* A tie to the European Currency Unit is introduced unilaterally on 17 May 1991. (1 ECU = 7.40 SEK)
* Floating exchange rate on 19 November 1992.
* A Swedish euro referendum is held on 2003, with 55.9 percent vote against membership of the eurozone.

## 1992

In late 1992 (Monday 14 September) the British pound began a steep decline that made it "leave" the Exchange Rate Mechanism on the Wednesday of that week. At the same time the Swedish currency began to decline; the first reaction from the central bank was to try to keep the current fixed exchange rates in place, and they set a target for their equivalent to the federal funds rate ("marginal rate") at 500%. The bank began to sell short-term government securities in large amounts but soon realized that market forces were strong, so they lowered their target rate, and let everyone sell what they wanted to sell, and the country saw a large selling of SEK, and SEK denominated papers. Between September 1992 and February 1993 the Swedish currency "TCW" index went from 125 to 100 (20% fall), while the British currency XBP index fell from 200 to 142 (29% fall).
# Methylenediurea deaminase

Methylenediurea deaminase (EC 3.5.3.21, methylenediurease) is an enzyme with systematic name methylenediurea aminohydrolase found in Brucella anthropi, a bacterium. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:
    methylenediurea + 2 H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ N-(hydroxymethyl)urea + 2 NH$_3$ + CO$_2$ (overall reaction)
    (1a) methylenediurea + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ N-(carboxyaminomethyl)urea + NH$_3$
    (1b) N-(carboxyaminomethyl)urea $\rightleftharpoons$ N-(aminomethyl)urea + CO$_2$ (spontaneous)
    (1c) N-(aminomethyl)urea + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ N-(hydroxymethyl)urea + NH$_3$ (spontaneous)
Methylenediurea is hydrolysed and decarboxylated to give an aminated methylurea.
# Jordanoleiopus hautmanni

Jordanoleiopus hautmanni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Breuning in 1956.
# LIHKG

LIHKG (Chinese: 連登; Cantonese Yale: Lìhn dāng) is a multi-category forum website based in Hong Kong. The website has gained popularity since the launch in 2016, and is often referred to as the Hong Kong version of Reddit.
Threads with more up-votes and replies appear towards the top of topic sections and, if they receive sufficient votes and replies, they will ultimately be on the site's "Popular" section.
The website is well known for being one of the main platforms for discussing the strategies for the leaderless anti-extradition bill protests in 2019.

## Background

In 2016, HKG+, a 3rd party app of HKGolden was suspended by HKGolden. On 21 November 2016, the developer of HKG+ announced on their Facebook page that they have shared part of the source code of the app with another developers, Hui Yip-hang (許業珩), who is known as "連尼住" (Jyutping: lin$^4$ nei$^4$ zyu$^6$) on the forum, and Mong Yuen (望遠). Based on the source code, they developed LIHKG.

## Registration

Registration of membership is restricted to people with a Hong Kong ISP or an institution of higher education email address located in Hong Kong. Registered members may create threads on the site, while uploading contents such as text posts, hyperlinks or images. The posts then receive replies and may be voted up or down by other members. Posts are separated into various categories and are then grouped in the "Chat" category.

## Attacks

In December 2019, the LIHKG website was subjected to a DDoS attack by the Great Cannon of China.
# Politehnica Timișoara

Politehnica Timișoara or Poli Timișoara may refer to:
* Politehnica University of Timișoara, a Romanian technical university from Timișoara
* FC Politehnica Timișoara, a Romanian professional football club from Timișoara, founded in 1921 and dissolved in 2012
* SSU Politehnica Timișoara, a Romanian professional football club from Timișoara which competes in Liga II
* ACS Poli Timișoara, a Romanian professional football club from Timișoara, founded in 2012 and dissolved in 2021
* ASU Politehnica Timișoara (women), a Romanian women's football club from Timișoara, which competes in Liga II
* SCM Politehnica Timișoara, a Romanian professional handball club from Timișoara, which competes in Liga Națională
# San Leonino

San Leonino is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Castellina in Chianti, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 11.
San Leonino is about 19 km from Siena and 7 km from Castellina in Chianti.
# Military junior college

A military junior college (MJC) is a military-style junior college in the United States. Six have been founded since 1842; four remain. These schools comprise one of the three major categories of Army ROTC schools whose graduates may immediately become commissioned officers in the U.S. Army. MJC graduates can earn a commission in two years, instead of the usual four, through the Early Commissioning Program (ECP). The schools also offer one-year programs that enable qualified students to earn an appointment to the U.S. service academies.

## Schools

Four institutions are considered military junior colleges:
* Georgia Military College, Milledgeville, Georgia, founded in 1879, includes a liberal arts junior college, a high school, and a middle school.
* Marion Military Institute, Marion, Alabama, founded in 1842, is the state military college of Alabama and nation's oldest military junior college.
* New Mexico Military Institute, Roswell, New Mexico, founded in 1891, is a four-year high school and a two-year junior college.
* Valley Forge Military Academy and College, Wayne, Pennsylvania, was founded in 1928, offers a co-ed two-year junior college program, as well as a military boarding school for young men grades seven through twelve. It is the only private military junior college.
* Georgia Military College
* Marion Military Institute
* New Mexico Military Institute
* Valley Forge Military Academy and College

## Defunct MJCs

* Kemper Military School, Boonville, Missouri, founded in 1844, filed for bankruptcy and closed in 2002.
* Wentworth Military Academy and College, Lexington, Missouri, founded in 1880, closed in 2017 due to financial difficulties.
# Mojinci

Mojinci is a village in the municipality of Dimitrovgrad, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 34 people.
# Mexican Federal Highway 105

Federal Highway 105 (Carretera Federal 105) is a Federal Highway of Mexico. The highway travels from Tempoal de Sánchez, Veracruz, in the north to Pachuca, Hidalgo, in the south.
# Sin Fronteras

Sin Fronteras (Spanish, translating as 'without borders') may refer to:
* Sin Fronteras (Dulce María album), 2014
* Sin Fronteras (Makano album), 2010
# Szeged Airport

Szeged Airport (IATA: QZD, ICAO: LHUD) is an airport serving Szeged, a city in Csongrád county, Hungary. The airport is located 5 kilometres (3 NM) west of the city centre.
The airport is equipped with NDB and DME.

## Statistics

| Year | Passengers | Change |
| 2002 | 11 404 | n/a |
| 2003 | 8 532 | −25,18% |
| 2004 | 9 757 | +14,35% |
| 2005 | 4 400 | −54,90% |
| 2006 | 11 393 | +158,93% |
| 2007 | 16 358 | +43,58% |
| 2008 | 22 344 | +36,59% |
| 2009 | 24 942 | +11,62% |
| 2010 | 29 222 | +17,16% |
| 2011 | 22 107 | -24,35% |
| 2012 | 24 572 | +11,15% |
| 2013 | 22 643 | -7,85% |
| 2014 | 19 891 | -12,15% |
# To Have or Not to Have

To Have or Not to Have (Dashtan Va Nadashtan) is a 2001 Iranian documentary film. It was the debut writing and directorial effort of Niki Karimi.
# List of book sales clubs

This is a list of book sales clubs, both current and defunct.
* Book League of America
* Book of the Month Club
* Collins Crime Club
* Folio Society
* Junior Library Guild
* Left Book Club
* Literary Guild
* Quality Paperback Book Club
* Scholastic Corporation
* Science Fiction Book Club
* Time Reading Program
* Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft
# Swiss Cancer Centre

The Swiss Cancer Center - Leman (SCCL) is an alliance against cancer forged between several academic and clinical institutions: the University Hospital of Lausnne (CHUV), the University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), the University of Lausanne, the University of Geneva and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), as well as privileged partners (see below).
This alliance brings together, under a united and regional identity, all the specialists involved in the path from bench to bedside. Focusing their efforts on emerging fields within oncology, the partner institutions intend to develop innovative strategies such as immunotherapy and precision oncology to achieve personalized and predictive medical strategies that will ultimately revolutionize patient care.
The SCCL conducts its research in a network of laboratories located within its constituent institutions.

## Executive committee

The SCCL Executive Committee is composed of the senior directors in oncology of its partner institutions:
* Professor George Coukos, Head of the Department of oncology UNIL CHUV
* Professor Douglas Hanahan, Director of the Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) at EPFL
* Professor Pierre-Yves Dietrich, Head of the Department of oncology HUG UNIGE

## The AGORA building

The Agora, the flagship building of the Swiss Cancer Centre - Leman (SCCL), embodies and puts into the practice the central vision of the SCCL has for cancer science and medicine. A FLASH radiotherapy device for treatment of cancers resistant to conventional treatments is developed together with CERN and THERYQ (Alcen Group) and will be installed at the CHUV. The first clinical trials are planned for 2025.

## Other

In 2016, the University Hospital of Lausanne inaugurated a cell production laboratory for cancer immunotherapy on the Biopôle campus (Épalinges).
# San Leucio del Sannio

San Leucio del Sannio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 50 km northeast of Naples and about 6 km south of Benevento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,269 and an area of 10.0 km$^2$.
San Leucio del Sannio borders the following municipalities: Apollosa, Benevento, Ceppaloni, Sant'Angelo a Cupolo.
# Military incompetence

Military incompetence refers to incompetencies and failures of military organisations, whether through incompetent individuals or through a flawed institutional culture.
The effects of isolated cases of personal incompetence can be disproportionately significant in military organisations. Strict hierarchies of command provide the opportunity for a single decision to direct the work of thousands, whilst an institutional culture devoted to following orders without debate can help ensure that a bad or miscommunicated decision is implemented without being challenged or corrected.
However, the most common cases of "military incompetence" can be attributable to a flawed organisational culture. Perhaps the most marked of these is a conservative and traditionalist attitude, where innovative ideas or new technology are discarded or left untested. A tendency to believe that a problem can be solved by applying an earlier (failed) solution "better", be that with more men, more firepower, or simply more zeal, is common. A strict hierarchical system often discourages the devolution of power to junior commanders, and can encourage micromanagement by senior officers.
The nature of warfare provides several factors which exacerbate these effects; the fog of war means that information about the enemy forces is often limited or inaccurate, making it easy for the intelligence process to interpret the information to agree with existing assumptions, or to fit it to their own preconceptions and expectations. Communications tend to deteriorate in battlefield situations, with the flow of information between commanders and combat units being disrupted, making it difficult to react to changes in the situation as they develop.
After operations have ceased, military organisations often fail to learn effectively from experience. In victory, whatever methods have been used—no matter how inefficient—appear to have been vindicated (see victory disease), whilst in defeat there is a tendency to select scapegoats and to avoid looking in detail at the broader reasons for failure.
# Molecular memory

Molecular memory is a term for data storage technologies that use molecular species as the data storage element, rather than e.g. circuits, magnetics, inorganic materials or physical shapes. The molecular component can be described as a molecular switch, and may perform this function by any of several mechanisms, including charge storage, photochromism, or changes in capacitance. In a perfect molecular memory device, each individual molecule contains a bit of data, leading to massive data capacity. However, practical devices are more likely to use large numbers of molecules for each bit, in the manner of 3D optical data storage (many examples of which can be considered molecular memory devices). The term "molecular memory" is most often used to mean very fast, electronically addressed solid-state data storage, as is the term computer memory. At present, molecular memories are still found only in laboratories.

## Examples

One approach to molecular memories is based on special compounds such as porphyrin-based polymers which are capable of storing electric charge. Once a certain voltage threshold is achieved the material oxidizes, releasing an electric charge. The process is reversible, in effect creating an electric capacitor. The properties of the material allow for a much greater capacitance per unit area than with conventional DRAM memory, thus potentially leading to smaller and cheaper integrated circuits.
Several universities and a number of companies (Hewlett-Packard, ZettaCore) have announced work on molecular memories, which some hope will supplant DRAM memory as the lowest cost technology for high-speed computer memory. NASA is also supporting research on non-volatile molecular memories.
In 2018, researches from the University of Jyväskylä in Finland, developed a molecular memory which can memorize the direction of a magnetic field for long periods of time after being switched off at extremely low temperatures, which would aid in enhancing the storage capacity of hard disk drives without enlarging their physical size.