OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nimbus 2

Nimbus 2 (also called Nimbus-C) was a meteorological satellite. It was the second in a series of the Nimbus program.

## Launch

Nimbus 2 was launched on May 15, 1966, by a Thor-Agena rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, United States. The spacecraft functioned nominally until January 17, 1969. The satellite orbited the Earth once every 1 hour and 48 minutes, at an inclination of 100°. Its perigee was 1,103 kilometers (685 mi) and its apogee was 1,179 kilometers (733 mi).

## Mission

The second in a series of second-generation meteorological research and development satellites, Nimbus 2 was designed to serve as a stabilized, Earth-oriented platform for the testing of advanced meteorological sensor systems and the collecting of meteorological data. The polar-orbiting spacecraft consisted of three major elements: (1) a torus-shaped sensory ring, (2) solar paddles, and (3) the control system housing. The solar paddles and control system housing were connected to the sensory ring by a truss structure, giving the satellite the appearance of an ocean buoy.
Nimbus 2 was nearly 3.7 metres (12 ft) tall, 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in diameter at the base, and about 3 metres (9.8 ft) across with solar paddles extended. The sensory ring, which formed the satellite base, housed the electronics equipment and battery modules. The lower surface of the sensory ring provided mounting space for sensors and telemetry antennas. An H-frame structure mounted within the center of the torus provided support for the larger experiments and tape recorders. Mounted on the control system housing, which was located on top of the spacecraft, were Sun sensors, horizon scanners, gas nozzles for attitude control, and a command antenna.
Use of a stabilization and control system allowed the spacecraft's orientation to be controlled to within plus or minus 1° for all three axes (pitch, roll, yaw). The spacecraft carried:
* Advanced Vidicon Camera System (AVCS): instrument for recording and storing remote cloud cover pictures
* Automatic Picture Transmission (APT): instrument for providing real-time cloud cover pictures
* High and Medium Resolution Infrared Radiometers (HRIR/MRIR): for measuring the intensity and distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by and reflected from the Earth and its atmosphere
The Nimbus 2 and experiments performed normally after launch until July 26, 1966, when the spacecraft tape recorder failed. Its function was taken over by the HRIR tape recorder until November 15, 1966, when it also failed. Some real-time data were collected until January 17, 1969, when the spacecraft mission was terminated owing to deterioration of the horizon scanner used for Earth reference.
# San Bartolomeo in Galdo

San Bartolomeo in Galdo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 90 km northeast of Naples and about 35 km northeast of Benevento, on a hill overlooking the valley of the Fortore river.

## Overview

The economy is mostly based on agriculture. San Bartolomeo lost some half of its population after World War II, due to extensive emigration.
The climate is sub-continental, with hot and dry summers, long and cold winters with extensive snowfalls. The average temperatures are +17/+27,5 °C in July, and +1,5/+6 °C in January. The town's greatest son was Rocky Marciano, born Rocco Marchegiano. His mother was Pasqualina Picciuto who immigrated from San Bartolomeo in Galdo to Brockton, Massachusetts with husband Pierino Marchegiano (from Ripa Teatina, Abruzzo).

### Notable people

* Porpora Marcasciano

## Main sights

* Chiesa Madre ("Mother Church"), with early-15th century two portals taken from the badia of Santa Maria a Mazzocca.
* Church of the Annunziata, also characterized by a portal from 1498.
* Baroque convent of the Minor Friars (17th century).
# Zafarobod District

Zafarobod District may refer to:
* Zafarobod District, Tajikistan in Sughd Region of Tajikistan
* Zafarobod District, Uzbekistan in Jizzakh Region of Uzbekistan
# Periclepsis accinctana

Periclepsis accinctana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North Africa, where it has been recorded from Tunisia and Morocco.
# The Virgin Mary as a Child Praying

The Virgin Mary as a Child Praying is a 1658–1660 painting by Francisco de Zurbarán, now in the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg. Its theme is similar to that of his The Young Virgin (Metropolitan Museum of Art). The painter completed the work in Madrid a few years before his death.
# Vincents Stoltenberg Bull

Vincents Stoltenberg Bull (12 May 1882 – 1 August 1935) was a Norwegian engineer and businessperson.
He was born in Støren, finished his secondary education in 1900 and took officer training in 1901. In 1905 he graduated from Kristiania Technical School. He worked in the Norwegian State Railways from 1905 to 1907 and the Norwegian Water Resources Agency from 1907 to 1923; as chief engineer from 1918. He was a secretary in the Norwegian Engineer and Architect Association from 1906 to 1912. When it changed its name to the Norwegian Engineer Association in 1912, he was the secretary of its Kristiania branch until 1922.
In 1923 he was hired as sub-director in the Norwegian Employers' Confederation and director of the Federation of Norwegian Craftsmen. He was decorated as a Knight of the Order of the Polar Star. He died in August 1935, when his heart stopped while fishing in a small boat together with his outside Brekkestø.
# KV10

Tomb KV10, located in the Valley of the Kings near the modern-day Egyptian city of Luxor, was cut and decorated for the burial of Pharaoh Amenmesse of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. However, there is no proof that he was actually buried here. Later, the decoration was replaced with scenes for Takhat and Baketwernel—two royal women dating to the late 20th Dynasty.
It was visited by Richard Pococke, Jean-François Champollion and Karl Richard Lepsius, and briefly studied by Edward R. Ayrton before being properly examined by a team from the University of Memphis in the United States under Otto Schaden in 1992.
# Tapan Sikdar

Tapan Sikdar (20 September 1944 – 2 June 2014) was a Union minister of state in the National Democratic Alliance government of India and a Bharatiya Janata Party politician. He was born on 20 September 1944 in Jessore. His father Dr. D. N. Sikdar was a physician. His mother's name was Bela Rani Sikdar. He was member of 12 and 13 Lok Sabha representing Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency) in West Bengal.
Tapan Shikdar died on 2 June 2014 in Delhi, AIIMS due to respiratory problems.

## Positions held

* 1998 Elected to 12th Lok Sabha
* 1998-99 Member, Committee on External Affairs and its Sub-Committee-III; Member, Committee on Finance; Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Water Resources
* 1999 Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha (2nd term)
* 13 Oct. 1999-2002 Union Minister of State, Ministry of Communications
* 10 Jan - 30 June 2002 Union Minister of State, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
* 1 July 2002 -2004 Union Minister of State, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)
He was Union Minister of Communications and Information Technology (India). Later he was Union Minister of State, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. He unsuccessfully contested the Dum Dum Lok Sabha constituency in the 2009 general election where the All India Trinamool Congress candidate (who won and became the MP) got 458,988 votes whereas the Communist Party of India (Marxist) candidate got 438,510 votes) and he polled only 55,679 votes.

## Dr. Syamaprasad Jana Jagaran Manch

Dr. Syamaprasad Jana Jagaran Manch is a forum of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) dissidents in the Indian state of West Bengal. The forum was launched on 5 December 2004 by former Union Minister Tapan Sikdar.
The organisation held its first convention in Kolkata on 8 March 2006.
The forum is named after Syama Prasad Mookerjee, the founder of Bharatiya Jana Sangh. Sikdar maintains that the organisation is apolitical (in the sense that it is not a political party), and that he still sympathises with BJP.
# Specify

Specify (foaled 1962) was a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse who competed in National Hunt racing and is noted for winning the 1971 Grand National.

## Background

Specify was a bay gelding bred in Norwich, England by Alan Parker. He was initially purchased by Arthur Freeman, a former jockey who had won the 1958 Grand National riding Mr. What. In 1970 Specify was bought by Fred Pontin.

## Racing career

   They're inside the final furlong now, Black Secret coming to challenge with Specify on the far side Sandy Sprite in between the two, it's Johnny Cook getting up on Specify... It's Specify and Black Secret, Specify is just gonna win it, at the line Specify is the winner!
Commentator Peter O'Sullevan describes the climax of the 1971 National
Specify won the 1969 Plate Handicap Chase before being bought by Fred Pontin who entered him in the 1970 Grand National where he was brought down at fence 22. He then went on to win the 1971 Grand National in a tightly fought race between five horses, Specify managed to win by a neck. He would then compete in the 1972 Grand National coming in 6th.

## Grand National record

| Grand National | Position | Jockey | Age | Weight | SP | Distance |
| 1970 | DNF | John Cook | 8 | 10-7 | 100/7 | Brought down at fence 22 |
| 1971 | 1st | John Cook | 9 | 10-3 | 28/1 | Neck |
| 1972 | 6th | Barry Brogan | 10 | 10-11 | 22/1 | |
# Perilly's

Perilly's cigarettes are a brand of tobacco cigarettes currently selling in Japan and South Africa. They were produced by Rothmans Group. The brand was famous among young Malaysian men for its low price. Perilly's cigarettes were famous for an advertisement in the 1980s featuring scantily clad women and men enjoying the smoke together that was banned by the country's conservative Muslim government. The box is black and gold in colour.

## Sponsorship

* Keris Hitam Bersepuh Emas
* Perilly's action movie.
* Perilly's sponsored Sepak takraw tournaments in Malaysia until the government banned tobacco advertising in 2003.
# Periyakulam taluk

Periyakulam taluk is a taluk of Theni district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Periyakulam.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Periyakulam had a population of 215,979 with 109,863 males and 106,116 females. There were 966 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 70.85. Child population in the age group below 6 was 10,100 Males and 9,416 Females.
# Perfect obstruction theory

In algebraic geometry, given a Deligne–Mumford stack X, a perfect obstruction theory for X consists of:
* a perfect two-term complex $E=[E^{-1}\to E^{0}]$ in the derived category $D({\text{Qcoh}}(X)_{et})$ of quasi-coherent étale sheaves on X, and
* a morphism $\varphi \colon E\to {\textbf {L}}_{X}$, where ${\textbf {L}}_{X}$ is the cotangent complex of X, that induces an isomorphism on $h^{0}$ and an epimorphism on $h^{-1}$.
The notion was introduced by Kai Behrend and Barbara Fantechi (1997) for an application to the intersection theory on moduli stacks; in particular, to define a virtual fundamental class.

## Examples
### Schemes

Consider a regular embedding $I\colon Y\to W$ fitting into a cartesian square
    ${\begin{matrix}X&{\xrightarrow {j}}&V\\g\downarrow &&\downarrow f\\Y&{\xrightarrow {i}}&W\end{matrix}}$
where $V,W$ are smooth. Then, the complex
    $E^{\bullet }=[g^{*}N_{Y/W}^{\vee }\to j^{*}\Omega _{V}]$ (in degrees $-1,0$)
forms a perfect obstruction theory for X. The map comes from the composition
    $g^{*}N_{Y/W}^{\vee }\to g^{*}i^{*}\Omega _{W}=j^{*}f^{*}\Omega _{W}\to j^{*}\Omega _{V}$
This is a perfect obstruction theory because the complex comes equipped with a map to $\mathbf {L} _{X}^{\bullet }$ coming from the maps $g^{*}\mathbf {L} _{Y}^{\bullet }\to \mathbf {L} _{X}^{\bullet }$ and $j^{*}\mathbf {L} _{V}^{\bullet }\to \mathbf {L} _{X}^{\bullet }$. Note that the associated virtual fundamental class is $[X,E^{\bullet }]=i^{!}[V]$

#### Example 1

Consider a smooth projective variety $Y\subset \mathbb {P} ^{n}$. If we set $V=W$, then the perfect obstruction theory in $D^{[-1,0]}(X)$ is
    $[N_{X/\mathbb {P} ^{n}}^{\vee }\to \Omega _{\mathbb {P} ^{n}}]$
and the associated virtual fundamental class is
    $[X,E^{\bullet }]=i^{!}[\mathbb {P} ^{n}]$
In particular, if $Y$ is a smooth local complete intersection then the perfect obstruction theory is the cotangent complex (which is the same as the truncated cotangent complex).

### Deligne–Mumford stacks

The previous construction works too with Deligne–Mumford stacks.

## Symmetric obstruction theory

By definition, a symmetric obstruction theory is a perfect obstruction theory together with nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form.
Example: Let f be a regular function on a smooth variety (or stack). Then the set of critical points of f carries a symmetric obstruction theory in a canonical way.
Example: Let M be a complex symplectic manifold. Then the (scheme-theoretic) intersection of Lagrangian submanifolds of M carries a canonical symmetric obstruction theory.
# Perfect War Forever

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Alternative Press | |
Perfect War Forever is an EP by metalcore band Glass Cloud. It was released on October 22, 2013 through Equal Vision Records. It was tracked in part at Eleven18 Studios (Now Flagship Studios) in Hampton Roads.
Some letters on the album cover are in red while some are just white. When connected, the red letters spell out the phrase: “fear forever”.

## Personnel
### Glass Cloud

* Jerry Roush - vocals
* Joshua Travis – guitar
* Travis Sykes – bass, backing vocals
* Chad Hasty – drums
# Perfect Weapon (song)

"Perfect Weapon" is the second single by American rock band, Black Veil Brides, from their debut album We Stitch These Wounds, officially released on June 8, 2010. The song was written by Andy Six before the first departure breakdown of the band. This is the last single to include drummer Sandra Alvarenga before her departure from the band.
On September 22, 2011 "Perfect Weapon" was released as a downloadable song on the Rock Band Network.

## Music video

The video begins by showing the members of the band fixing their stage makeup and costumes. After all are ready, Andy Six is shown smoking and exhaling. The view changes to show Six stitching a wound on his mouth in the mirror with the other members behind him. The track "The Outcasts (Call to Arms)" is heard, with the image of the skeleton of a virgin, then the song begins. In the penultimate choir, a group of children behind them shouting "Go!" with Six, then all the children make a detour to the band, on having ended one sees Six kneeling down and praying, and between the children there appears David Sasik, the young actor who appeared in the "Knives and Pens" music video.

## Personnel
### Black Veil Brides

* Andy Six – lead vocals
* Jake Pitts – lead guitar
* Jinxx – rhythm guitar
* Ashley Purdy – bass, backing vocals
* Sandra Alvarenga – drums, percussion

### Production

* Produced by Don DeBiase
* Engineered by Johnny Burke
* Directed by Patrick Fogarty
# Perito (surname)

Perito is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Miguel López Perito, Paraguayan politician
* Nick Perito (1924–2005), American composer and arranger
# Peribalus strictus

Peribalus strictus, common name Vernal Shieldbug, is a species of shield bugs in the family Pentatomidae.

## Subspecies

* Peribalus strictus capitatus Jakovlev, 1889
* Peribalus strictus strictus (Fabricius, 1803)
* Peribalus strictus vernalis (Wolff, 1804)

## Distribution and habitat

This species is widespread in Europe (with the exception of the north of the British Isles and Scandinavia), across Siberia and Central Asia up to northern China and Japan. These shieldbugs prefer dry to moderately moist, warm areas. They usually occur in clearings and in rather damp environments.

## Description

Peribalus strictus can reach a length of 9.5–11 millimetres (0.37–0.43 in). These quite variable shieldbugs have a greenish-brown coloration and a dense dark punctuation on the head, elytrae, pronotum and scutellum. The margins of the pronotum are yellowish and quite concave and the scutellum has a pale yellowish tip. The connexivum is distinctly banded pale brown and black. The antennae are orange yellow, but the final two segments are black. In spring and summer the coloration is usually lighter than in autumn.
Peribalus vernalis was one time considered a separate species, nowadays it is considered a subspecies (Peribalus strictus vernalis). This subspecies shows a black ring on articles IV and V of the antennae, the tip of the scutellum is not punctuated and the femora are covered with small black dots.

## Biology

These stink bugs live on various herbs, shrubs and deciduous trees. They are polyphagous. The nymphs especially feed on the ripe fruits and seeds of herbaceous plants, mainly Asteraceae and Fabaceae species.
The adults can be found in the spring and fall sucking on flowering and fruit-bearing shrubs and trees, frequently feeding on flowers of Apiaceae and Scrophulariaceae, such as mullein (Verbascum species). Adults can be found all year and hibernation takes place as imago. The following year, the adult new generation occur from the end of July.

## Gallery

* Mating
* Nymph
* Imago, front view
* Video clip of P. strictus in copula
# Pericallis malvifolia

Pericallis malvifolia is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae endemic to the Azores. It is found in coastal cliffs, ravines and interior of craters. In Santa Maria also on the side of roads and woods of Pittosporum undulatum. It appears from sea level to about 900 m (3,000 ft) altitude. It is present in Santa Maria, São Miguel, São Jorge, Pico and Faial.
* Buds
* Leaves
# Peter Cornelius (opera singer)

Peter Cornelius (4 January 1865 in Asminderød – 30 December 1934 in Snekkersten) was a Danish opera singer.

## Biography

Born in 1865, Cornelius made his professional opera debut at the Royal Danish Theatre in 1892 as baritone in the role of Escamillo in Georges Bizet's Carmen. He was a member of that theatre until his retirement from the stage in 1922. In 1899, he began performing tenor roles while still performing many roles from the baritone repertoire. After 1902 he was heard frequently in the leading Wagnerian heldentenor parts such as Lohengrin, Parsifal, Siegfried, Siegmund, Walther, Tannhäuser and Tristan. He appeared as a guest artist with major opera houses throughout Europe.
# Perundurai railway station

Perundurai railway station (station code: PY) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway station near Perundurai in Erode of Tamil Nadu.

## Location

It falls between Erode Junction railway station and Coimbatore Junction railway station in the Jolarpettai–Shoranur line under Salem railway division. It is located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Erode Junction. All the eight passenger trains running between Erode Junction and Coimbatore Junction will have a stop at here.

## Future developments

The station is expected to be developed under Corporate Social Responsibility scheme with the help from Commercial establishments and Educational Institutions of this region.
There are proposals that dates back to pre-Independence for laying a new line through Perundurai connecting Palani and Chamarajanagar via Dharapuram, Kangeyam, Chennimalai, Erode Junction, Gobichettipalayam and Sathyamangalam. Several changes have been made to theses proposal in due time. And a new survey done for Erode–Palani line in 2007 and the proposed new line from Erode Junction will run parallel to the existing Jolarpettai–Shoranur line and it will branch-off towards Palani after Perundurai. As an alternate for Erode-Chamarajanagar railway line, which faces many obstacles from Environmental clearance due to Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary, changes made and survey completed for Erode-Sathyamangalam section alone in 2007.
* Also, the Perundurai SIPCOT industrial association is requesting to construct a new spur line connecting Perundurai railway station with the SIPCOT Industrial Complex for easy transport of goods commodities.
* As a part of the Comprehensive Mobility Plan developed for Erode Local Planning Area, the Erode district administration has proposed to shift the Goods terminal at Erode Junction to the city outskirts near Perundurai railway station.
# Peter Forster

Peter Forster may refer to:
* Peter Forster (actor) (1920–1982), English actor
* Peter Forster (wood engraver) (1934–2021), English wood engraver, artist and printmaker
* Peter Forster (bishop) (born 1950), British Anglican bishop
* Peter Forster (geneticist) (born 1967), German-British geneticist
# Peter Gatenby

Peter Gatenby may refer to:
* Peter Gatenby (cricketer) (born 1949), Australian cricketer
* Peter Gatenby (doctor) (1923–2015), Irish former doctor
# Peter Beckford

Peter Beckford may refer to:
* Peter Beckford (colonial administrator) (1643–1710), acting governor of Jamaica in 1702
* Peter Beckford (junior) (1672/3–1735), his son, politician, slave owner and businessman in colonial Jamaica
* Peter Beckford (hunter) (1740–1811), British landowner, huntsman, writer and collector
# Peter Becker (rower)

Peter Becker (born 16 July 1956 in Geisenheim) is a West German rower who competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in double sculls. Together with Gerhard Kroschewski, he came fifth.
# Peter Hummelgaard

Peter Hummelgaard Thomsen (born 17 January 1983) is a Danish writer and politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Social Democrats political party. He has been the Minister of Employment since 2019. He was elected into parliament in the 2015 Danish general election.

## Background

Hummelgaard was born in Tårnby to Jan Thomsen and Susanne Pedersen.

## Political career

Hummelgaard was elected member of Folketinget for the Social Democrats in the 2015 election and reelected in 2019. After the 2019 election, the Social Democrats formed a government and Hummelgaard was appointed Minister for Employment in the Frederiksen Cabinet. After Mogens Jensen stepped down as Minister of Food, Fisheries and Gender Equality the cabinet underwent a slight shuffle. In this shuffle, Hummelgaard was appointed Minister of Gender Equality in addition to Minister of Employment.
In 2018 his book Den Syge Kapitalisme (Sick Capitalism) was published. In it, he describes a new social contract between different groups in society to fight for a more just society.
# Peter Maher (hurler)

Peter Maher (26 January 1872 – 18 November 1947) was an Irish hurler. He played hurling with his local clubs Clonoulty–Rossmore and Suir View and was a member of the Tipperary senior hurling team between 1895 and 1897.

## Biography

After impressing at club level, Maher joined the Tipperary senior hurling team during the 1895 championship. He won an All-Ireland Championship medal that year after a defeat of Kilkenny in the final. Maher also won a Munster Championship medal that year.

## Honours
### Tipperary

* All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1895
* Munster Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1895
# Nimbus 6

Nimbus 6 (also called Nimbus F) was a meteorological satellite. It was the sixth in a series of the Nimbus program.

## Launch

Nimbus 6 was launched on 12 June 1975, by a Delta rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, United States. The satellite orbited the Earth once every 107,30 minutes, at an inclination of 100,00°. Its perigee was 1,093 kilometers (679 mi) and its apogee was 1,101 km (684 mi).

## Instruments

* Earth Radiation Budget (ERB);
* Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR);
* High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS);
* Limb Radiance Inversion Radiometer (LRIR);
* Pressure Modulated Radiometer (PMR);
* Scanning Microwave Spectrometer (SCAMS);
* Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR);
* Tracking and Data Relay Experiment (T+DRE);
* Tropical Wind Energy Conversion and Reference Level Experiment (TWERLE).