OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Madog Crypl

Madog Crypl (or Madog Crippil), also known as Madog ap Gruffydd Fychan (c. 1275–1304/6) was the heir of the sovereign Princes of Powys Fadog and Lords of Dinas Bran. He is sometimes described as Madog III of Powys Fadog. However, he was only lord of some of the family lands under the English crown.

## Biography

Madog was still a child at the death of his father, Prince Gruffydd Fychan in 1289, so that the lands were placed in the custody of Queen Eleanor of Castile.
He was initially into the wardship of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, and was the heir of the Lordship of Bromfield and Yale, and Castell Dinas Bran from his father, which would be taken from him during his youth by Edward Longshanks and be awarded to the Earl of Surrey, one of his relatives.
Madog was then in the wardship of Reginald de Grey, Justice of Chester and then Thomas of Macclesfield. Madog ap Gruffydd asked the king for a suitable provision to be made for him, and seems to have been granted some of his father's lands. These apparently consisted of Glyndyfrdwy and half of the commote of Cynllaith, comprising the area around Sycharth.
Madog married Gwenllian, daughter of Ithel Fychan of Halkin and had a son Gruffydd of Rhuddallt, who was married on 8 July 1304 at the age of six to Elizabeth, daughter of John LeStrange, Lord of Knockin Castle.

## Death and Burial

Madog died circa 1304/1306 in his manor of Rhuddallt, probably in Glyn Dyfrdwy.
He was buried at Valle Crucis Abbey, Llangollen, an abbey founded by his grandfather, Prince Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor. In 1956 the heraldic tomb slab of Madog was found at the Abbey and is now on display there. It is said to be the best preserved example of a stone monument in North Wales from this period. The carving shows a shield with a lion rampant, surrounded by the inscription in the upper half of the slab. A sheathed sword is diagonally set behind the shield and a spear runs vertically along the slab. The whole is decorated with vine leaves and bunches of grapes. The inscription reads:
       HIC IACET : MA/DOC' : FIL' : GRIFINI : DCI : VYCHAN
This translates as: Here lies Madog son of Gruffydd called Fychan

## Posterity

Gruffydd of Rhuddallt became a ward of his father-in-law, who died in 1309. Custody of his lands was then granted to Edmund Hakluyt (Hakelute), who sold the wardship to Baron Roger Mortimer of Chirk Castle. However, he probably stayed with the LeStrange family, as Roger Mortimer disputed the validity of the marriage in 1305. Gruffydd ultimately obtained possession of his lands in March 1321.
He held the two lordships by Welsh barony (pennaeth), which required him to serve in the king's army with his men at the king's expense. In 1328, he settled his lands on himself and his wife in tail. In 1332 he had custody of the manor and castle of Ellesmere, recently granted to his brother-in-law Eubolo LeStrange. He died sometime after 1343.
Gruffydd was probably succeeded by his son Gruffydd Fychan II who is reported to have died shortly before 1370, and was the father of Owain Glyndŵr and Lord Tudor Glendower.
# King's Leadership Academy Hawthornes

King's Leadership Academy Hawthornes (formerly The Hawthorne's Free School) is a secondary free school located on Fernhill Road in Bootle, Merseyside, England, about four miles (6.4 km) from Liverpool city centre. The school is located within the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton.
The school rebranded in September 2012, on the site of the former St George of England Specialist Engineering College (previously St George of England High School & St George of England County Secondary School). St George of England Specialist Engineering College closed in 2012, along with St Wilfrid's High School in Litherland. The schools closed due to falling pupil numbers, however parents from both schools campaigned for a new secondary free school to be opened in the area instead.
The schools opening was controversial, as staff from the previous schools were not automatically transferred to the new school, and many lost their jobs. This was despite Sefton Council declaring that staff from the former schools should be subject to the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006, and either be offered continuing employment at the new school or redundancy. The Hawthorne's Free School claimed that as they were a new school, they were not responsible for the staff at the former schools. Staff from the former schools threatened to take their case to the High Court of Justice, however the council has made an offer to pay the staff redundancy in conjunction with the school.
In the summer of 2018, the school re-branded to King's Leadership Academy Hawthornes. The school is now part of the Great Schools Trust.
# The Yankee Years

The Yankee Years is a book written by Tom Verducci and Joe Torre. The book chronicles Torre's years as manager of Major League Baseball's New York Yankees from 1996 to 2007. It goes into great detail on Torre's relationship with the players, general manager Brian Cashman, team owner George Steinbrenner, and the Yankees organization as a whole. Also discussed are major developments in the way baseball management throughout the years changed from a batting average focused market to the in-depth statistical-based approach centered on base-percentage, as well as covering issues such as the "Steroids Era".
Torre has received criticism for revealing certain things that went on in the clubhouse after he emphasized loyalty between Yankee personnel. In the book, Torre said he felt that Cashman "betrayed" him in negotiations with the Yankees following the 2007 season. Torre also stated that teammates had referred to Alex Rodriguez as "A-Fraud."
In response to the criticism, Torre said he was proud of the book and he did not violate the sanctity of the clubhouse.
# Pasquale Pozzessere

Pasquale Pozzessere (born in 1957) is an Italian film director and screenwriter.

## Life and career

Born in Lizzano, Taranto in the mid-1980s Pozzessere abandoned his medicine university studies to enter the cinema industry working as a script supervisor for Pupi Avati and as assistant director of Francesco Maselli. After directing a number of short films, he made his feature film debut in 1992, with Verso Sud, for which he was nominated to a David di Donatello for Best New Director and won the Grolla d'oro in the same category. The film also won the Grand Prix at the Annecy Film Festival.

## Filmography

* Verso Sud (1992)
* Father and Son (1994)
* An Eyewitness Account (1997)
* La vita che verrà (TV, 1999)
* La porta delle sette stelle (2005)
* La provinciale (TV, 2006)
* Cocapop (2010)
* Mine (2016)
# Shovel ready

In politics, a shovel ready construction project (usually larger-scale infrastructure) is where planning and engineering is advanced enough that—with sufficient funding—construction can begin within a very short time. The term was popularized by then-U.S. president-elect Obama in 2008.
In 2010, then-U.S. president Obama declared he had come to realize that there is "no such thing as shovel-ready projects."

## History

The term was first used in print in 1995.
Writing for The Washington Post, writer Manuel Roig-Franzia sardonically suggested that the phrase did not exist and had never before been used until President-Elect Barack Obama used it during an interview with Meet the Press on 6 December 2008. Obama used the phrase to describe infrastructure projects that were ready to immediately receive stimulus funding of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
Later, other commentators suggested the phrase denoted projects which were able to begin construction within a specific time-frame of three or four months on a use it or lose it basis.

## Examples
### In the US

Having originated in the United States, the term is now used generally in reference to projects which are candidates for economic stimulus spending: money put into a shovel ready project will have a more immediate impact on the economy than money spent on a project on which a great deal of time must elapse for architecture, zoning, legal considerations or other such factors before labor can be deployed on it.
In Iowa, the Seven County Corridor Alliance (Benton County, Cedar County, Iowa County, Johnson County, Jones County, Linn County and Washington County) established a Shovel Ready Certification Program to certify projects as shovel ready that will be added to a local, regional and statewide inventory of sites with similar qualifications and will be strongly marketed.
The Georgia Department of Transportation has established specific criteria projects must meet to be considered shovel ready including National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) clearances and relevant property acquisition requirements.

### In Australia

In Australia, the term is also used in relation to stimulus funding, specifically funding programs like the Building the Education Revolution (BER) program. In 2009, the term shovel-ready won the Macquarie Dictionary Word of the Year award.

### In the UK

In the United Kingdom, the phrase has been used on a number of occasions by Vincent De Rivaz, the Chief Executive of EDF Energy, in the context of a proposed new nuclear power station in Somerset.
As in the rest of the United Kingdom, in Scotland, the phrase is used in a similar context. For example, Cabinet Secretary for Infrastructure and Capital Investment, Alex Neil, used the term in March 2012 to describe the status of 36 infrastructure projects on a list handed to the government of the United Kingdom for potential funding.
# Mehrun Lake

Mehrun Lake is a natural lake situated near Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India. The lake is a hangout place for jalgaonkars. There are many parks near the lake which attract people. The place is religious for migrants in the city from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar who practice Chhatt Puja at the lake. The Mehrun Bor is a famous fruit in the Jalgaon district.
The municipal corporation of Jalgaon is planning to build a lord Ganesh Temple and renovate the lake to boost tourism.
# Saurocytozoon

Saurocytozoon is a genus of parasitic alveolates. They infect reptiles and are thought to be transmitted by mosquitoes. Only two species have been described to date. Their relationship with the other members of this order is not presently clear.

## Description

Members of this genus infect reptiles. They do not produce pigment nor do they undergo merogony in the blood.
Schizonts are found in the tissues.
Gametocytes are found in the peripheral blood. They infect the leukocytes and cause gross distortion of the host cell. The gametocytes are large and round.

## Hosts

Skinks (Mabuya mabouya) Tegu (Tupinambis teguixin)
# Margotti

Margotti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carlo Margotti (1891–1951), Italian prelate of the Catholic Church
* Giacomo Margotti (1823–1887), Italian Roman Catholic priest and journalist
* Stefano Margotti (1900–?), Italian sports shooter
# Madog II ap Gruffydd, Lord of Dinas Bran

Madog II was a Prince of Powys Fadog from 1269 to 1277. He supported the Prince of Wales, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, who had married the daughter of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.

## Lineage and inheritance

He inherited the throne on the death of his father Prince Gruffydd Maelor II, and was the Lord of the Castle of Dinas Bran.

## Alliance with Gwynedd

He was in alliance with Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the prince of Gwynedd and all Wales as his effective overlord during the period following the Treaty of Montgomery.

## Death and burial

In 1275, Llywelyn married the daughter of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, the arch-enemy of the English king's father, Henry III. Simon's wife was Eleanor of England, the daughter of King John of the House of Plantagenet.
When Llywelyn refused to offer a personal explanation, the king declared him a rebel and in 1277 invaded North Wales.
Although the king's primary target was Gwynedd, Powys Fadog stood in the way. Madog chose to support Llywelyn, and was consequently killed in the fighting. It is thought that Madog may have been buried at Valle Crucis Abbey, of which he was a patron.
Madog was succeeded by his younger brother Gruffydd. The conflict between Llywelyn and the King was settled by the Treaty of Aberconwy, which released Gruffydd and other Welsh princes from any allegiance to Llywelyn.

## Sources

* 'Littere Wallie'
* 'The History of Wales' Lloyd.
# King's Leadership Academy Liverpool

King's Leadership Academy Liverpool (formerly Shorefields School and then University Academy Liverpool) is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in the Dingle area of Liverpool, England.
Previously a foundation school administered by Liverpool City Council, Shorefields School converted to academy status in 2012 and was renamed University Academy Liverpool. The school was sponsored by the University of Chester Academies Trust, In 2015, due to ongoing concerns regarding UCATs sponsorship, low exam grade outcomes, and interim leadership and management, the Department for Education changed the sponsor of University Academy Liverpool to King's Leadership Academy in Warrington (now the Great Schools Trust) who appointed a new principal and leadership team. The school was then renamed King's Leadership Academy Liverpool.
King's Leadership Academy Liverpool offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A-levels, NVQs, City and Guilds qualifications and further BTECs.
# The Young Offenders

The Young Offenders may refer to:
* The Young Offenders (film), a 2016 feature film directed by Peter Foott
* The Young Offenders (TV series), a television series based on the film, developed by Peter Foott
# Trichoadenoma

A trichoadenoma is a cutaneous condition characterized by a solitary, rapidly growing skin lesion ranging from 3 to 15mm in diameter.$^{:675}$
# Meisterfeldia

Meisterfeldia is a genus of arcellinid testate amoebae erected in 2016 that unites several new species as well as old species previously found in the genus Cryptodifflugia. Five of the newly described species were first found and isolated from subarctic tundra soil surrounding a river near Chokurdakh, Russia, while the last one, described in 2021, was recovered from tree hollows in Moscow.

## Description

Members of this genus are characterized by their ovoid, bilaterally symmetrical, laterally compressed tests. These tests are either colorless, yellow or brown, composed of proteinaceous material that lacks mineral particles. The test's aperture is circular, localized either in a ventrally subterminal position or a neck inclined vertically. Sometimes, the aperture's border shows a slight swelling.

## Taxonomy

The genus Meisterfeldia is named after the German protozoologist Ralf Meisterfeld. It encompasses 6 species described so far, distinguished from each other through the shape and size parameters of their tests:
* Meisterfeldia chibisovi Bobrov 2016 (type species)
* Meisterfeldia wegeneri Bobrov 2016
* Meisterfeldia polygonia Bobrov 2016
* Meisterfeldia vanhoornei (Beyens et Chardez 1986) Bobrov 2016 [basionym: Difflugiella vanhoornei Beyens et Chardez 1986]
* Meisterfeldia turfacea (Zacharias 1903) Bobrov 2016 [basionym: Cryptodifflugia turfacea Zacharias 1903]
* Meisterfeldia bitsevi Bobrov & Mazei 2021
# Sasso del Ferro

Sasso del Ferro is a mountain of Lombardy, Italy. It has an elevation of 1,062 metres above sea level.
At its base sits the town of Laveno-Mombello, from which the mountain is served by a funicular cable ride to the top. The top of the mountain has a hotel and restaurant popular with tourists, along with a launch board for hang gliders to descend the mountain.
45°54′42″N 8°38′37″E﻿ / ﻿45.91167°N 8.64361°E﻿ / 45.91167; 8.64361
* This article about a mountain, mountain range, or peak located in the Province of Varese is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Margot von Renesse

Margot von Renesse (born 5 February 1940 in Berlin; died 17 June 2022) was a German politician.

## Life

Renesse studied German law at University of Münster. Since 1969 Renesse became member of German political party SPD. Since 1972 she worked as judge in Bochum. From 1990 to 2002 Renesse was a member of German Bundestag. She was married and had four children. One of her sons Jan-Robert von Renesse became a judge. She died in June 2022.

## Awards

* 2004: Honorary degree by Ruhr University Bochum
* 2004: Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
# Magang Constitution

The Magang Constitution (simplified Chinese: 马钢宪法; traditional Chinese: 馬鋼憲法; pinyin: Mǎ gāng xiànfǎ), also known as the Ma'anshan Constitution or Ma-steel Constitution, was a set of enterprise management system that was gradually formed in the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s after decades of socialist industrial construction and development and adopted in China. Nowadays, it has been abandoned.
It is a complete set of rules and regulations for factory management, even rising to the height of the law. Like the Angang Constitution developed in response to it in China, the Magang Constitution is not a constitution in the true sense of the term.

## Development and influence

The Magang Constitution was a complete set of factory management practices implemented by the socialist enterprises represented by Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, the largest steel complex in the Soviet Union. It was based on "experts governing the factories", meaning the affirmation of experts and authority. This set of corporate management system was born in the Stalin-era. The name "Magang Constitution" comes not from the Soviets, but by the Chinese. The Magang Constitution was implemented at various factories in China, including at the Anshan Iron and Steel Works.
The Angang Constitution developed in opposition to its principles, and was promoted by Mao Zedong. During the 1980s in China, the model of the Magang Constitution reappeared in the reform literature.

## Main content

Magang Constitution was actually developed from the Taylor System and the Ford System. The main content of the Magang Constitution included the implementation of the "one director system" (一长制), "material stimulation" (物质刺激), "experts governing the factories" (专家治厂), and "placing technology in command" (技术挂帅). Under the model of the Magang Constitution, experts controlled production and the factory director exercised strict control.
# Stockade Botanic Park

Stockade Botanic Park (commonly known also as Stockade Park and Stockade Botanical Park) is a public reserve off Hoods Road in the City of Port Adelaide Enfield's suburb of Northfield. It was formerly associated with a prison quarry but has now been redesigned with water features, an amphitheatre, and picnic areas.

## History

The area originally was the end of the Northfield railway line, first opened in 1857 to service the colony's prisoner camp, then known as The Stockade, and especially to convey bluestone quarried from the banks of Dry Creek. In 1878, the quarry supplied 25,000 tonnes of stone to construction projects in the developing city of Adelaide.
Trains last ran to The Stockade in 1961 and the track was removed in 1973. Subsequently, suburban development occurred nearby in Walkley Heights, and the area was established as a community park.

## Description

The park features a lake, water features, an amphitheatre, barbecues, picnic areas and toilets, and is popular for weddings and wedding photography. A sensory garden has been established for the enjoyment of visually impaired people and others.
The park is a part of the 14 kilometres (8.7 miles) Dry Creek River Walking Trail.
# Theodor Gruber

Theodor Gruber, was an Austrian chess player.
In 1921, Theodor Gruber took the 2nd place in the Vienna Amateur Chess Championship. In 1922, in Bad Oeynhausen he participated in German Chess Congress and shared 8th - 10th place. In 1923, in Vienna Theodor Gruber participated in first Carl Schlechter Memorial Tournament.
Theodor Gruber played for Austria in the Chess Olympiad:
# Patricia Gozzi

Patricia Gozzi (born 12 April 1950) is a French actress. She is best known for her starring roles in Sundays and Cybèle and Rapture.
Hung Up was Gozzi's final film.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1960 | Recourse in Grace | Denise | |
| 1961 | Quai Notre-Dame | Fortunée | |
| 1961 | Léon Morin, Priest | France | |
| 1962 | Sundays and Cybele | Françoise / Cybèle | |
| 1965 | Rapture | Agnes Larbaud | |
| 1970 | A Hostage | Teresa | TV movie |
| 1973 | Hung Up | Dina | |
# Hirata Munetane

Hirata Munetane (平田 宗胤, fl. 1914–1973) was a Japanese historian and Shinto priest. He was the last heir to the Hirata family of kokugaku scholars.

## Biography

The exact date of Munetane's birth is unclear. However, he is known to have been writing as early as 1914, when he published an essay on landscape painting for the Akita Sakigake Shimpō. Munetane was the successor of Hirata Moritane, and assumed Moritane's responsibilities as head priest of the Hirata family shrine in Tokyo. During the Second World War, Munetane and Moritane evacuated to Akita in order to escape the American firebombing of Tokyo.
In the period of secularization and Americanization enforced by SCAP after the surrender of Japan, the Hirata family's legacy of nativism made them into objects of public derision. As a result, Munetane withdrew from public life and very little is known of his activities in the immediate post-war years.
Munetane had no children. Bracing for the impending extinction of the Hirata family, he was involved in the re-establishment of the Hirata Shrine [ja] in Shibuya, Tokyo which had burnt down during the wartime firebombing to serve as a repository for Hirata family documents after his death.
The plot where the original shrine stood became part of the Tokyo Metro's Koishikawa Depot [ja], and so reconstruction was done at a new site. After the new shrine facilities were finished in the early 1970s, Munetane became head priest. In August 1973, the remaining Hirata family articles held by Munetane were donated to the Hirata Shrine. He died later that year on November 7.
Custodianship of the Hirata shrine was then assumed by the relative of the Hirata family and scholar of classical liberalism Maita Katsuyasu (米田 勝安), also a native of Akita.
# Johnson Valley, California

Johnson Valley is a small unincorporated community in San Bernardino County in Southern California between Victor Valley and Morongo Basin areas of the High Desert region of California. It is north of Highway 247 in the Mojave Desert, and north by northwest of Yucca Valley. It is bordered by the San Bernardino Mountains to the south, Lucerne Valley to the west, and Landers to the east.
Geographically, Johnson Valley is the eastern portion of Lucerne Valley (referring to the geographical valley formation rather than the unincorporated town), opening up to the Homestead Valley in the southeast to the communities of Flamingo Heights, Landers, and Yucca Valley.

## Population

Defined as a ZCTA (ZIP-Code Tabulation Area, 92285), the combined population of Landers plus Johnson Valley (which share the zip code) is approximately 2,200 residents as of 2013.
# Treaty of Pereiaslav (1630)

Treaty of Pereiaslav was signed in late June 1630 between rebellious Cossack forces of Taras Fedorovych (see Fedorovych Uprising) and Polish forces led by hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski.
Cossacks were to stop raiding Ottoman territories, return artillery pieces captured from the Poles, and Fedorovych was to be removed from his position of authority among the Cossacks. The number of registered Cossacks was increased to 8,000.
T. Fedorovych criticized the treaty which failed to put an end to the raising Polish-Cossack tensions.