OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jorge Luis García Pérez

Jorge Luis García Pérez (known as Antúnez, born 10 October 1964, Placetas, Cuba) is an Afro-Cuban human rights and democracy activist.

## Dissident career

Antúnez was jailed for 17 years from 1990 to 2007. Other dissidents have referred to Antúnez as Cuba's Nelson Mandela.
During a demonstration in March 1990, State Security heard him saying that communism is an error and a dystopia. Saying that was a crime of "verbal enemy propaganda" and he was sentenced to five years in prison. In prison, he refused to wear the uniform and participate in "re-education", which meant violent beatings, nine months in solitary confinement and more years in prison. He escaped from prison to see his sick mother, but could not find her and was free only for a day. His mother died a month later. He was found guilty of "attempted sabotage". One of the charges was the failure to respect the Cuban leader Fidel Castro.
Antúnez continued nonviolent resistance in prison, where he gave birth to a political prisoner group named after Pedro Luis Boitel, an imprisoned dissident who died in a hunger strike in 1972. His courage received worldwide attention. When visiting Cuba in 1998, Pope John Paul II asked the regime to release him.
Antúnez was released in 2007, before talks on European Union sanctions, after being imprisoned for 17 years and 34 days.
Antúnez, his ex-wife Iris, and Diosiris Santana Pérez launched a hunger strike in 2009. Several leaders from Uruguay, Costa Rica, and Argentina declared their support for Antúnez. Police threatened Antúnez with eviction from his house and "disobedience" charges for hosting three other dissident thinkers (Osiris Santana Pérez, Ernesto Mederos Arrozarena and Carlos Michael Morales Rodríguez) in his home in April 2009.
Antúnez's ex-wife founded the Rosa Parks Feminist Movement for Civil Rights. Antunez himself was a member of Orlando Zapata Tamayo which was to defend political prisoners.
When President Barack Obama announced a blueprint for normalizing relations with Cuba on December 17, 2014, Antunez assailed the normalization plan as a capitulation to the Cuban government, echoing the views of Berta Soler and Oscar Elias Biscet that the US should have demanded democratic reforms in Cuba before contemplating a change in US policy towards Cuba.
Antúnez moved to the United States with his wife, Magalys Rivaflecha, and daughter in 2019.
# Projective group (disambiguation)

In mathematics, projective group may refer to:
   * Projective orthogonal group
   * Projective unitary group
   * Projective symplectic group
   * Projective semilinear group
# Trn (Kuršumlija)

Trn is a village in the municipality of Kuršumlija, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 30 people.
# Ogi no Shiori

Ogi no Shiori (荻のしをり) is a Japanese dictionary of words for use in renga (linked verse). It is also known as Shirin Man'yō Ryōzai Not 100% sure of this reading. (詞林万葉良材), Shiori Ogi (しをり荻) and Shirin Kōmoku (詞林綱目). It was compiled by Nakahori Kian by around 1692, when he wrote the preface, and first entered print in 1718. It contains a total of around 3,500 entries, and was well-received due to its ease of use and comprehensiveness.

## Author and date

Ogi no Shiori was compiled by Nakahori Kian (中堀僖庵). Nakahori's preface to the dictionary is dated Genroku 5 (1692), and the work was first printed in 1718.

## Title

The primary name of the dictionary given in Yōzō Ueno's (上野 洋三 Ueno Yōzō) article on it in the Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten is Ogi no Shiori. It is also known as Shirin Man'yō Ryōzai, Shiori Ogi and Shirin Kōmoku.

## Contents

The preface states that the Shōzai-shū (匠材集) had long been in use as a renga dictionary, but that it contained many errors, and so Nakahori took it upon himself to amend it. He consulted with Nishiyama Sōin and Kuwakado Saijun (桑門西順), regarding which words should be used in renga composition and which should be avoided. While editing the dictionary he also consulted classical works such as the Kokin Wakashū, the Tales of Ise, the Tales of Yamato, the Tale of Genji, the Tale of Sagoromo [ja], the Yakumo Mishō [ja], the Ōgishō (奥義抄) and the Shūchūshō (袖中抄).
Entries are arranged according to their first kana letter in the iroha ordering system, but unlike other dictionaries of the time words are also searchable according to their last letter, again in the iroha system. The majority of the entries are simple, one-line definitions, but some have up to ten or twenty lines. The dictionary contains a total of around 3,500 entries.

## Reception

The dictionary's ease of use and concision, combined with its comprehensiveness in its inclusion of roughly 3,500 entries, made it very popular among renga poets.

## Variant texts

There is also an edition from Tenmei 4 (1784).
# Thomas H. MacDonald

Thomas H. MacDonald was a British stage and film actor.

## Selected filmography

* Lights of London (1914)
* The Woman Who Did (1915)
* Jack Tar (1915)
* Five Nights (1915)
* Do Unto Others (1915)
* Jane Shore (1915)
* The Tailor of Bond Street (1916)
* The Hard Way (1916)
* Burnt Wings (1916)
* The Odds Against Her (1919)
# Shergarh tehsil

Shergarh tehsil is a tehsil in Jodhpur District of Rajasthan state in western India. The headquarters for the tehsil is the village of Shergarh.
Shergarh tehsil is a western tehsil among the eleven tehsils in Jodhpur District. It borders Phalodi tehsil to the north, Balesar tehsil to the east, Barmer District to the south and southwest, and Jaisalmer District to the west.

## History

In 2009 Shergarh tehsil was divided, with the eastern half becoming Balesar tehsil, before that Balesar had been a subtehsil within Shergarh, even though it had had a separate panchayat samiti.

## Villages

There are thirty-three panchayat villages in Shergarh tehsil.
* Bhandu Jati
* Bhomsagar
* Bhoongra
* Budkiya
* Chaba
* Chandsama
* Chordiya
* Chutarpura
* Dasaniya
* Dechu (Dechoo)
* Devrajgarh
* Gada
* Guman Singh Pura
* Gumanpura
* Himmatpura
* Jethaniya
* Jetsar
* Kalau
* Khirja Khas
* Khirja Tibna
* Pabusar
* Poongaliya
* Raisar
* Sabarsar
* Sai
* Setrawa (Shaitrawa)
* Shergarh
* Siyanada
* Sointara
* Solankiya Tala
* Somesar
* Suwaliya
* Tena
* Utwalia
# Stylonuroidea

Stylonuroidea is an extinct superfamily of eurypterids, an extinct group of chelicerate arthropods commonly known as "sea scorpions". It is one of four superfamilies classified as part of the suborder Stylonurina.
Stylonuroidea, which lived from the Early Silurian to the Late Devonian, were characterized by their last pair of prosomal (head) appendages, which were developed as walking legs, or less commonly developed as swimming legs with paddles formed by the expansion of the two or three penultimate joints.

## Description

Stylonuroids are designated as stylonurines with flattened or truncated posterior metastomata margins. Of the four stylonurine superfamilies, the Stylonuroidea is the most poorly known. Whilst the topology of most stylonurine clades fit well with the stratigraphic record, Stylonuroidea is an exception in that the earliest record of the most derived genera (Ctenopterus and Laurieipterus) first appear at the same time as the earliest record of the most primitive genera (Parastylonurus and Stylonurella).
Sweep-feeding strategies evolved independently in two of the four stylonurine superfamilies, the Stylonuroidea and the Hibbertopteroidea. In both superfamilies, the adaptations to this lifestyle involves modifications to the spines on their anterior prosomal appendages for raking through the substrate of their habitats. Stylonuroids have fixed spines on appendages II-IV which could have been used as dragnets to rake through the sediments and thus entangling anything in their way.

## Systematics and genera

Due to the majority of specimens being incomplete, the internal topology of the Stylonuroidea is among the least well-resolved and supported in the Stylonurina and the Eurypterida at large. This is mostly due to the poor fossil record of many of the genera included within the superfamily, for instance the single known specimen of Stylonurus powriensis lacks the anterior prosomal appendages and virtually all ventral structures. Similar situations can be seen in many specimens, such as Stylonurella spinipes not preserving the metastoma or pretelson and telson and Pagea sturrocki lacking all dorsal structures.
The lack of fossil remains compounds the problem of the internal systematics. For instance, the family Parastylonuridae is likely paraphyletic but it is retained as it is due to the lack of complete specimens of the genera included within it, Parastylonurus and Stylonurella.
Superfamily Stylonuroidea Kjellesvig-Waering, 1959
* Family Parastylonuridae Waterston, 1979
** Parastylonurus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
** Stylonurella Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
* Family Stylonuridae Diener, 1924
** Pagea Waterston, 1962
** Soligorskopterus Plax et al., 2018
** Stylonurus Page, 1856
** Subfamily Laurieipterinae Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
*** Ctenopterus Clarke & Ruedermann, 1912
*** Laurieipterus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
# Norbert Geis

Norbert Geis (born January 13, 1939, in Großwallstadt, Bavaria) is a German politician. He is a member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU).

## Life

Geis studied Philosophy, Theology and Law at the Universities of Freiburg and Würzburg. Since 1970 he has worked as a freelancing lawyer in Aschaffenburg.
In 1967 Geis joined the Junge Union and the CSU. Since 1972 he has been chairman of the CSU in the administrative district of Aschaffenburg.
From 1981 to 1986 he was a member of the Bavarian Landtag. In 1987 Geis was elected directly into the Bundestag by winning in the electoral district of Aschaffenburg. He defended his direct mandate at the following federal elections. His work for his district has been extremely well received by his constituency, leading to his constantly achieving a higher vote than his party. At the 2009 elections he gained 42,8% of the votes.

## Political views

Geis belongs to the conservative wing of his party, especially on social and legal issues.
He also defended the former CDU member Martin Hohmann, who was expelled after a controversial a speech, stating he has been misunderstood.
In 2003 he called for a "tougher treatment" during interrogations by the police. He said that it had to be possible to threaten somebody with violence, if a human life could be saved in that way. This was in response to an incident involving the deputy police chief of Frankfurt Wolfgang Daschner, who had threatened a child kidnapper with violence and, following that, had been given a suspended sentence.
# Motika

Motika is a surname with multiple origins. In Serbo-Croatian, it means "hoe" and is related to the Polish surname Motyka.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Antun Motika (1902–1992), Croatian artist
* Nemanja Motika (born 2003), Serbian footballer
* Stephen Motika (born 1977), American poet
# Styles of Radical Will

Styles of Radical Will is a collection of essays by Susan Sontag published in 1969. Among the subjects discussed are film, literature, politics, and pornography. It is Sontag's second collection of non-fiction after Against Interpretation, which was published in 1966. Most of the essays in this book were originally published in Aspen, Partisan Review, the Tulane Drama Review, Sight and Sound, and Esquire.

## Contents

I.
* "The Aesthetics of Silence" First appeared in Aspen in 1967.
* "The Pornographic Imagination" (1967) First appeared in Partisan Review in 1967.
* ""Thinking Against Oneself": Reflections on Cioran" Originally written as an introduction to the English translation of Emil Cioran's The Temptation to Exist in 1967.
II.
* "Theatre and Film" First appeared in The Tulane Drama Review in 1966.
* "Bergman's Persona" First appeared in Sight and Sound in 1967.
* "Godard" First appeared in Partisan Review in 1968.
III.
* "What's Happening in America" First appeared in Partisan Review in 1966.
* "Trip to Hanoi" First appeared in Esquire in 1968.

## Reception

Lawrence M. Bensky of The New York Times praised Styles of Radical Will as an "important book" and wrote, "It should be remembered that Miss Sontag has now written four of the most valuable intellectual documents of the past 10 years: 'Against Interpretation,' 'Notes on 'Camp',' 'The Aesthetics of Silence,' and 'Trip to Hanoi.' In the world in which she's chosen to live, she continues to be the best there is."
# Shergarh, Raebareli

Shergarh is a village in Shivgarh block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 548, in 111 households. It has no schools and no healthcare facilities. It is located 11 km from Maharajganj, the tehsil headquarters. The main staple foods are wheat and rice.
The 1961 census recorded Shergarh as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 294 people (161 male and 133 female), in 58 households and 53 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 203 acres.
The 1981 census recorded Shergarh as having a population of 333 people, in 74 households, and having an area of 82.15 hectares.
# Promate

Promate is a Taiwanese electronics manufacturing company that develops mainly computing, communications and consumer electronics but also engages in the development, design and manufacturing of computer and mobile accessories. Promate produces personal computer peripherals, MFi certified product, mobile and smartphone accessories, USB products, power banks, universal power adaptors, audio devices, digital gadgets, LED, wired microphone and Solar lights and photography accessories. Founded in 2004, the company is headquartered right now in Shenzhen, China.

## History

Promate Technologies was founded in early 2004 in Taipei, Taiwan by a group of industry leaders working at ASUS, Foxconn, and Pegatron. The company later moved its headquarter to Shenzhen, China and set up its manufacturing facilities on a large scale.
In 2006, Promate established its first overseas branch office in Dubai – UAE to serve the rapidly growing demand in the Middle East and Africa region, the MEA branch office is located in jebel Ali free zone with 5,000 Square Meters warehousing facility catering to more than 45 markets in MEA and staffed with 130+ personnel's.
In 2008, Promate became an Apple MFi Certified brand with a dedicated R&D and Design center in Shenzhen-China.
In 2010, Promate established a fully-fledged branch office in Manila – Philippines to serve the South east Asia region.
In 2013, Promate established a fully-fledged branch office in London – United Kingdom.

## Products

Promate produces a variety of products. It mostly produces lifestyle technology accessories and peripherals ranging from smartphones, laptops to mobile car accessories. Its products also include power banks, chargers, speakers, earphones, headphones, universal power adaptors, bluetooth adaptors, card readers, mini projectors, cables, tripods, monopods, bag packs, wearable tech, selfie lights, LED lights, screen protectors, car holders, bike holders, iPhone cases, iPad cases, Macbook cases, travel kits etc.

## Operation

Promate operates in over 150 countries worldwide through offline distribution, retail and e-commerce channels.

## Awards and recognition

Promate has received a number of design and product awards that include;
* iF Product Design Award, Germany 2014–2018, (5 times)
* Japan RedDot Award in 2017
* CES Best Innovation Award 2015
* Retail Brand of year Award 2015
* Taiwan Excellence Awards, 2006–2014, (7 times)
* Distree EMEA Diamond Awards, 2018
* DISTREE Middle East Awards 2017 - Best Product Design
* EMEA Channel Academy 2014 Award - PC Accessories Vendor of the Year, nominated
* CES Innovation Awards Honorees, 2018
* Good Design Award (Japan), 2013 - Best Communication device
* Computex D&I Awards, 2013
* Taiwan Excellence Awards, 2009
* Business Channel Awards, 2012
* Brand of year Award 2016
* Business Channel Awards 2009
# Non-extractive economic value

The non-extractive economic value of land is its monetary value the land creates without extracting resources or artificially developing it.
The economic value usually comes in the form of ecotourism: it is estimated that hundreds of billions of dollars are generated through visitation to protected areas, although little profit is reinvested in the preservation of said areas.

## Examples
### Marine tourism

In 2001, Murray Rudd studied the economic impact of spiny lobsters – or lack thereof – on scuba diving. Rudd concludes that "there is justification for placing some positive non-extractive economic value on spiny lobsters", as scuba divers were inclined to pay more for marine tourism if given the guarantee that such lobsters would be present. Because of this, Rudd defends the economic viability of marine protected areas, especially on the Turks and Caicos Islands.
In this situation, the sheer presence of spiny lobsters has economic value, without the need for any human extraction or artificial development. A similar case can be perceived, for example, with the Great Barrier Reef: profit can be made from it simply existing, and as such, there is intrinsic, long-lasting economic value in preserving the reef from dangers such as coral bleaching.

### Water

Water can also have non-extractive economic value. In their 2002 book, Steven Renzetti considers more indirect impacts of the presence of natural water. For example, Renzetti states that house prices are usually higher near streams or lakes – that is to say, properties near such bodies of water are considered more valuable.
Renzetti also mentions the economic value of recreational uses for water, such as recreational fishing and visits to beaches and lakes.
Further, Renzetti also considers a broader definition for non-extractive economic value, including hydropower in their list of such uses for water. Although it is definitely non-extractive and sustainable, it does require artificial development, and can have negative environmental impacts – albeit lower than those of comparable fossil fuel energy sources.
# Harpreet Sandhu (politician)

Harpreet Singh Sandhu is an Indian American politician and community activist from Richmond, California and one of the most prominent ones of the Sikh religion. He was the first Asian and the first Sikh city councilman in Richmond, and one of only a few Sikhs to hold office in the United States.

## Political career

Appointed to the council in January, 2007, he filled a vacancy left by Gayle McLaughlin when she became mayor from the city's Human Rights Commission. He received five votes with three abstentions. He began his single term with his swearing in on January 16, 2007. Sandhu was one of a very few Sikh officeholders in the United States and the only one in California during his term.
In 2008 he ran unsuccessfully for a full term. He was endorsed by Jerry Brown and ran on an anti-crime, pro-municipal services platform. He came in seventh in a contest for three available seats. Sandhu had voted along with the "Viramontes five" in July 2008 to expand the operational capacity of the Chevron Richmond Refinery, which was opposed by the more liberal bloc that took a majority of the council in the 2008 election.
Harpreet Singh Sandhu was elected to represent Congressional District 7 as a Barack Obama delegate to the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver. He was also invited to the White House's first-ever celebration of Guru Nanak as a prominent member of the Sikh community.
He is a former president of the Sikh Center of San Francisco Bay Area, one of the largest Sikh places of worship in America. He served on the human relations and human rights commission. Sandhu is a longtime advocate for the safety of taxi drivers who have often been the victims of crime, both for opportunity and alleged hate.
Harpreet S. Sandhu had a major role in forming the American Sikh Congressional Caucus, which is a bipartisan group of lawmakers to address Sikh American issues.

### 2008 election results

| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th |
| Jeff Ritterman | Nat Bates (incumbent) | Tom Butt (incumbent) | Jovanka Beckles | John Márquez (incumbent) | Corky Boozé | Harpreet Singh Sandhu (incumbent) | Rock Brown | Chris Tallerico | Navdeep Garcha |
| DEM | DEM | DEM | DEM | DEM | DEM | DEM | DEM | DEM | DEM |
| 9,987 | 9,556 | 9,428 | 9,002 | 7,929 | 6,138 | 4,665 | 2,156 | 1,491 | 1,243 |
| Win | Win | Win | Loss | Loss | Loss | Loss | Loss | Loss | Loss |

## Personal life

Harpreet Singh Sandhu is an immigrant from India. He is married to Interpreet Sandhu; they have three children. He attended San Francisco State University. He worked as a postal worker for more than 20 years.
# Motobu Chōyū

Motobu Chōyū (本部朝勇, May 2 1865 - March 21 1928) was an Okinawan martial artist and the 11th sōke of Motobu Udundī. He was also Ryukyuan royalty and the 11th head of the Motobu Udun, a branch of the Ryukyuan royal family. His younger brother was a karate master, Motobu Chōki.

## Life

Motobu Chōyū was born in 1865 in Shuri Akahira, the capital of the Ryukyu Kingdom, the first son of father Chōshin and mother Ushi. His father, Prince Motobu Chōshin (Motobu Aji Chōsin) was a descendant of Shō Kōshin, aka Prince Motobu Chōhei (1655 - 1687), the sixth son of Shō Shitsu (1629–1668), the King of Ryukyu. The Motobu family was one of the cadet branches of the Ryukyuan royal family called the Motobu Udun ("Motobu Palace") and was one of the most prominent families in Okinawa.
Chōyū learned the martial art passed down in the Motobu family, called ushu-ganashi-mē no bugei, or "the king's martial art," from the age of six. He then studied Shuri-te karate and koryū ("old school") Japanese martial arts under the legendary karateka Matsumura Sōkon.
In 1881, Chōyū invited Itosu Ankō to the palace of the Motobu Udun, where he and his brother Chōki learned karate from him. From the age of 24 or 25, Chōyū, along with his younger brother Chōki and his friend Kentsū Yabu, began studying under Matsumora Kōsaku from Tomari.
Chōyū had three sons, but the downfall of the family combined with the emigration of his sons to mainland Japan made the succession of Motobu Udundī difficult. He decided to teach Motobu Udundī to his student Uehara Seikichi, and asked Uehara to teach this martial art to his second son Chōmō, who lived in Wakayama.
In March 1918, Motobu Chōyū, along with other martial arts masters, was invited to a martial arts seminar at the Okinawa Prefectural Normal School. He demonstrated the kata of Shōchin (Motobu-shi Sōchin).
Uehara went to Wakayama in 1923 and spent six months teaching Chōmo the techniques he had learned from Chōyū.
In 1926, together with Miyagi Chōjun, Chōyū founded the Okinawa Karate Research Club in Naha and became its president. In 1928, he became ill and died. The Motobu Udun tomb where Motobu Chōyū also rests is designated as a historic site in Ginowan City, Okinawa Prefecture, as a tomb of Ryukyuan royalty.

## Historic Sites

The family tomb is the Motobu Udun Tomb in Ganeko, Ginowan. On February 25, 2021, the Motobu Udun Tomb was designated a cultural property historical site by Ginowan City in recognition of its high value as a material that unravels the relationship between Ginowan District and royal descendants at that time. It has since become a major spot for karate tourist visiting from all over the world.
# Proeulia inconspicua

Proeulia inconspicua is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Chile.
The length of the forewings is about 11 mm. The forewings are ochreous, sprinkled with ferruginous. The hindwings are very pale fuscous white, almost white, sprinkled with grey.