OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pygmy lorikeet

The pygmy lorikeet (Charminetta wilhelminae) is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is the only species placed in the genus Charminetta. It is found in the highlands of New Guinea; its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The world population of pygmy lorikeets is thought to be less than 50,000 individuals, but stable. They live at altitudes of 1000–2200m.

## Taxonomy

The pygmy lorikeet was previously placed in the genus Charmosyna. It was moved to its own genus Charminetta based on phylogenetic studies published in 2020.

## Description

The pygmy lorikeet averages 13 cm (5.1 in) in length (including tail) and 20 g (0.71 oz) in mass. It is the smallest of the lorikeets. The male has a dark purple rump and a streaked yellow breast, with red stripes under its wings. His tail is green tipped with yellow, and his eyes and beak are orange. The female lacks the red underwing stripe of the male, and has a green (rather than purple) rump. Immature birds are similar to adults in appearance but lack yellow streaking on their breasts and have brown bills and eyes.

## Behaviour

They have high pitched, coarse, relatively weak flight calls. Pairs make quiet contact calls.
# Puʻu Huluhulu

Puʻu Huluhulu is a volcanic cone located near the center of the Island of Hawaii in the State of Hawaii. It is located on the southern side of Hawaii Route 200 (Daniel K. Inouye Highway, also known locally as Saddle Road), directly across from the highway's intersection with the Mauna Kea Access Road. Puʻu Huluhulu is Hawaiian for hairy hill (puʻu=hill and huluhulu=hairy).
The cone is a kīpuka, which is an older volcanic hill covered with vegetation, surrounded by the younger lava flow. The hill is located on Hawaii Route 200 and is a native tree sanctuary and a nature trail.
Beginning in July 2019, various groups opposed to the Thirty Meter Telescope gathered at Puʻu Huluhulu to block Mauna Kea Access Road and temporarily stop its construction, despite the Hawaii Supreme Court's ruling to allow construction to move forward.

## Gallery

* Puu Huluhulu, a sacred place for the Native Hawaiians
* Mauna Kea as viewed from Puu Huluhulu
* Mauna Loa as viewed from Puu Huluhulu
* Koa and other native Hawaiian vegetation are preserved here.
* A view toward northwest, showing lava plateau and cinder cones
* The entrance to the Mauna Kea access road for the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy and Mauna Kea Observatories.
# Pyracantha rogersiana

Pyracantha rogersiana, the Asian firethorn, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to western China. Growing to 4 metres (13 ft) tall and broad, it is an evergreen shrub with glossy, narrow leaves, and masses of white flowers followed by small yellow berries 8 mm in diameter. It is grown in gardens, yards, and parks, where it can be used as hedging, wall cover, or in a mixed shrub border. The cultivar 'Flava' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
The seeds are somewhat poisonous if ingested, and may result in vomiting.
# Pulse Radio

Pulse Radio or Pulse radio may refer to:
* Pulse! Radio, a student run radio station at the London School of Economics in London, England
* Pulse 1 Radio, an independent FM radio station in West Yorkshire, England
* Pulse 2 Radio, an independent AM radio station in West Yorkshire, England
# Pulvinaria psidii

Pulvinaria psidii (guava scale; green shield scale; guava mealy scale), is a species of soft scale insect in the family Coccidae.
# Pyawbwe, Myittha Township

Pyawbwe is a village in Kyaukse District of the Mandalay Division in central Myanmar.
# Pålsboda

Pålsboda is a locality situated in Hallsberg Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden with 1,552 inhabitants in 2010.
Pålsboda has one school, Folkasboskolan, one care centre, a couple of kindergartens, one ICA convenience store and two pizzerias. Pålsboda is also known for its Volkswagen museum with a full collection of VW Beetles, from the first ever produced to the last produced. It has the only drawing pin factory in northern Europe, supplying almost all the Scandinavian countries. Pålsboda is also the home of the company Rolf Larsson Mek. AB which has created the whole production line for the "Bingolotto" lottery tickets.

## Riksdag elections

| Year | % | Votes | V | S | MP | C | L | KD | M | SD | NyD | Left | Right |
| 1973 | 94.2 | 1,326 | 2.7 | 43.4 | | 30.8 | 9.8 | 3.9 | 9.4 | | | 46.1 | 49.9 |
| 1976 | 93.3 | 1,365 | 2.4 | 43.6 | | 33.3 | 8.4 | 2.9 | 9.4 | | | 46.0 | 51.1 |
| 1979 | 92.6 | 1,400 | 2.1 | 46.8 | | 27.1 | 9.0 | 3.4 | 11.4 | | | 48.9 | 47.6 |
| 1982 | 92.7 | 1,557 | 2.5 | 47.0 | 1.4 | 25.9 | 5.1 | 4.2 | 13.9 | | | 49.5 | 44.9 |
| 1985 | 90.0 | 1,515 | 2.3 | 49.3 | 1.3 | 23.4 | 11.9 | | 11.6 | | | 51.6 | 46.9 |
| 1988 | 88.0 | 1,454 | 6.0 | 45.4 | 2.7 | 21.4 | 10.5 | 4.0 | 9.8 | | | 54.1 | 41.7 |
| 1991 | 86.5 | 1,461 | 4.2 | 42.8 | 1.4 | 16.3 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 12.3 | | 6.3 | 47.0 | 44.7 |
| 1994 | 88.5 | 1,492 | 5.6 | 50.5 | 3.8 | 13.6 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 12.3 | | 1.2 | 59.9 | 38.3 |
| 1998 | 82.8 | 1,351 | 12.1 | 43.2 | 3.2 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 12.6 | 13.5 | | | 58.5 | 39.7 |
| 2002 | 81.3 | 1,286 | 5.9 | 47.7 | 2.5 | 13.6 | 9.6 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 1.7 | | 56.1 | 41.1 |
| 2006 | 83.0 | 1,251 | 4.2 | 44.8 | 2.1 | 14.0 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 16.1 | 5.4 | | 51.0 | 41.1 |
| 2010 | 84.3 | 1,300 | 5.2 | 40.9 | 4.1 | 10.7 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 21.9 | 6.1 | | 50.2 | 43.2 |
| 2014 | 85.6 | 1,344 | 4.0 | 40.9 | 3.9 | 9.7 | 2.5 | 5.2 | 15.5 | 16.4 | | 48.9 | 32.8 |
| 2018 | 86.7 | 1,318 | 5.8 | 33.2 | 1.9 | 11.4 | 2.2 | 6.7 | 14.9 | 22.3 | | 52.4 | 46.1 |
# Pålsundsbron, Vaxholm

The Pålsundsbron is a road bridge that links the island of Vaxön, and hence the town of Vaxholm, with the Bogesundslandet peninsular to the south of the town. It crosses the Pålsundet strait [sv] in the Stockholm archipelago.
The bridge was opened in 1926 and provided the first fixed link between the town of Vaxholm and the Swedish mainland. Since 1965 it has been largely replaced in that role by the wider Vaxholmsbron bridge that links to the island of Kullö to the north-west of the town, carrying county road 274 [sv] on its way to the mainland. The Pålsundsbron is still used by local traffic between the town and Bogesundslandet.
The approximately 170-metre (560 ft) long bridge spans the approximately 315-metre (1,033 ft) wide strait. The current bridge rests on three concrete foundations and has one narrow carriageway. The load-bearing structure consists of steel trusses and the navigation clearance is 2.00 metres (6 ft 7 in). Almost 150 metres (490 ft) of the strait's width is bridged with a road embankment that uses an earlier foundation relating to the 18th century Pålsund battery [sv].
After the cold war submarine incursions of the 1980s, a submarine net was installed under the bridge.
# Qaraozek

Qaraozek, Karaozek, or also Karauzyak (Karakalpak: Қараөзек, Qaraózek) is a town and seat of Qaraozek district in Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan. The town population in 1989 was 10,656 people.
Famous Karakalpak personalities as Allayar Dosnazarov, one of the founders of Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast and Karakalpak journalist, lawyer Dauletmurat Tazhimuratov were born in Karaozek.
# Qaumi Awaz

Qaumi Awaz (transl. voice of the nation) is an Urdu language newspaper published in India by Associated Journals Limited, which was started by Jawaharlal Nehru in November 1937. It was shut in 2008 company was incurring losses. Its sister publications are the National Herald newspaper in English and Navjivan in Hindi. On 21 January 2016 the AJL in its meeting in Lucknow decided to relaunch the three dailies. In August 2017 Qaumi Awaz Digital Edition was launched.
Zafar Agha was the chief editor of Qaumi Awaz.

## Lawsuits

In 2021, many journalists and politicians who reported about the death of Navreet Singh during the 2021 Farmers' Republic Day parade were charged with sedition by the Delhi police and 3 state police. The police cases were filed across three BJP-ruled states against journalists including Qaumi Awaz editor Zafar Agha. Varadarajan has called the police FIR "malicious prosecution". Press Club of India (PCI), the Editors’ Guild of India, the Press Association, the Indian Women's Press Corps (IWPC), the Delhi Union of Journalists and the Indian Journalists Union in a joint press conference asked the sedition law to be scrapped. Editors Guild of India spoke against invoking of the sedition charge on journalists. The guild termed the FIRs as an "attempt to intimidate, harass, browbeat and stifle the media".
# Puthenchira

Puthenchira is a village in Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Puthenchira had a population of 21416 with 9815 males and 11601 females.

## History

Puthenchira and the surrounding areas were earlier known as Mahadevar Pattanam. In the second or the third century the Perumanadikals created a ‘Chira’ (causeway/bund) for the purpose of agriculture. The Cheraman Perumal designated the place for building the ‘Chira’ by throwing Puthen( the coin prevailing then). Since then it is believed that this place is called Puthenchira.
Various muris(parts) of Puthenchira were ruled by the Kodungallur Thampuran and Mukundapuram (Muriyanatt-Nadavarambu) Nambiar after the Chera dynasty fell in the 12th Century. Later when Samudiri extended his territory, both Puthenchira and Kodungallur became part of his empire. Later in 1761, the Cochin king sought help from Travancore. Travancore obliged and defeated Samudiri in the battle, delighted by this, the Cochin king gave Puthenchira to Divan Ayyappan Marthandapillai who was the commander of the Travancore army. The Divan dedicated Puthenchira to the Travancore king. So until the Travancore Cochin merger in 1949 Puthenchira was a Travancore village in the Cochin kingdom.
Puthenchira is the birthplace of Villwamangalam Swamiyar.It is believed that Paramel Thrikkov temple was built by Swamiyar.Puthenchira is also the birthplace of St. Mariam Thresia Chiramel and Joseph Vithayathil, who is the founder of St. Mary's GHSSK school. Neighboring places are Kuthirathadam, Mala, Kuzhikattusery, and Konathukunnu.

## Books about Puthenchira

* Sunil Villwamangalath: സ്വന്തം പുത്തന്‍ചിറ ചരിത്രവഴികളിലൂടെ, Dec. 2014.
# Qiziriq District

Qiziriq is a district of Surxondaryo Region in Uzbekistan. The capital lies at the town Sariq. It has an area of 345 km$^2$ (133 sq mi) and its population is 116,300 (2021 est.). In 2019 it lost part (205 km$^2$ (79 sq mi)) of its territory to the re-established Bandixon District.
The district consists of 5 urban-type settlements (Sariq, Kunchiqish, Yangi hayot, Karmaki, Istara) and 10 rural communities (Zarkamar, Olmazor, Bandixon, Qiziriq, Kirshak, Chorvador, Paxtakor, Sharq Istara, Yangi yoʻl, Mehnatobod).
# Quarterland

A Quarterland or Ceathramh (Scottish Gaelic) was a Scottish land measurement. It was used mainly in the west and north.
It was supposed to be equivalent to eight fourpennylands, roughly equivalent to a quarter of a markland. However, in Islay, a quarterland was equivalent to a quarter of an ounceland. Half of a quarterland would be an ochdamh(ie.one-eighth), and in Islay a quarter of a quarterland a leothras(ie.one-sixteenth).
The name appears in many Scottish placenames, notably Kirriemuir.
* Kerrowaird – Ceathramh àrd (High Quarterland)
* Kerrowgair – Ceathramh geàrr (Rough Quarterland)
* Kerry (Cowal) - An Ceathramh Còmh’lach (The Cowal Quarterland)
* Kerrycroy - An Ceathramh cruaidh (The Hard Quarterland)
* Kirriemuir – An Ceathramh Mòr/Ceathramh Mhoire (either "The Big Quarterland" or "Mary’s Quarterland")
Ceathramh was also used in Gàidhlig for a bushel and a firlot (or four pecks), as was Feòirling, the term used for a farthlingland.

## Isle of Man

The Isle of Man retained a similar system into historic times: in the traditional land divisions of treens (c.f. the Scottish Gaelic word trian, a third part) which are in turn subdivided into smaller units called quarterlands.
# Qaydun

Qaydun is a village in eastern Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
# Quincy Dredge Number Two

The Quincy Dredge Number Two (previously known as the Calumet and Hecla Dredge Number One) is a dredge currently sunk in shallow water in Torch Lake, across M-26 from the Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District and just east of Mason in Osceola Township. It was constructed to reclaim stamping sand from the lake for further processing, and was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1978.

## History

The Reclaiming Sand Dredge was constructed for the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company in 1914 by the Bucyrus Company of South Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and designated the Calumet and Hecla Dredge Number One. The dredge was used to reclaim previously-milled sand deposited in the lake after it had gone through the stamp mill. The dredged sand contained copper that earlier stamping technology had not been able to separate out. Improvements in stamping efficiency and cost increases in traditional shaft mining made these sand tailings economically feasible to reclaim and re-stamp.
Calumet and Hecla used the dredge at their Lake Linden Reclamation Plant until 1951. In 1951, the Quincy Mine purchased the dredge and designated it as Quincy Dredge Number Two, using it at their own reclamation facility, which had been in operation since 1943. The mine's Quincy Dredge Number One sank in 1956, and Dredge Number Two was used until 1967, when it too sank during a winter lay-up. By this time, copper prices had fallen low enough that the reclamation process was not profitable, and the Quincy Mine abandoned both the dredge and its reclamation facility.

## Description

The dredge is a large, box-like vessel that was used to remove sand from the bottom of the lake. The vessel has a steel hull measuring 110 feet (34 m) long, 56 feet (17 m) wide, and nine feet (2.7 m) deep. The decking overhangs the hull by eight feet (2.4 m) per side, giving an overall width of 72 feet (22 m). The dredge could process over 10,000 short tons (9,100 t) of sand per day, and had a 141-foot (43 m) suction pipe that could work in 115 feet (35 m) of water.
The dredge is currently sunk into shallow water, and canted over to one side. Most of the superstructure and the large boom are visible above the waterline.
# Quivicán Municipal Museum

Quivicán Municipal Museum is a museum located in the 19th avenue in Quivicán, Cuba. It was established on 30 January 1982.
The museum holds collections on history, weaponry, archeology and decorative arts.
# Quivet

Quivet may refer to:
* An obsolete trade name for meprobamate
* Quivet Neck, an area of Cape Cod
# Qovlar

Qovlar (also, Kovlar, Kovlyar, and Koylyar) is a town and the most populous municipality, except for the capital Tovuz, in the Tovuz Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 13,642.
# R616 (South Africa)

The R616 is a Regional Route in South Africa.

## Route

Its western terminus is the R74 at Bergville. It initially runs north-north-east, then east to end at an intersection with the N11 and the N3 near Ladysmith.
# Quintus Vibius Secundus

Quintus Vibius Secundus was a Roman Senator who was active during the reigns of Domitian and Trajan. He was suffect consul for the nundinium of March to April 86.
A member of the gens Vibia, Secundus is considered to be the son of the influential Politician Lucius Junius Quintus Vibius Crispus. There is a possibility that Secundus could be related to suffect consul Lucius Vibius Sabinus, father of the Empress Vibia Sabina.
Only one office is known for Secundus: in 101/102 the sortition selected him as proconsular governor of Asia.
# R. Rachapalli

R. Rachapalli is a village in the Rayalseema region of the south-central part of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a village in Kodur. As of the 2011 Census of India, the village had a population of 250. The nearest railway station to this village in Kodur is Cuddapah which is 1.55 km away.
# R. Radhakrishnan (INC politician)

R. Radhakrishnan is an Indian politician who is a Member of Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected from Virudhachalam as an Indian National Congress candidate in 2021.

## Elections contested

| Election | Constituency | Party | Result | Vote % | Runner-up | Runner-up Party | Runner-up vote % |
| 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Virudhachalam | INC | Won | 39.17% | J. Karthikeyan | PMK | 38.73% |
# Quong Wing v R

Quong Wing v R is a famous Supreme Court of Canada decision where the Court upheld a provincial law that discriminated against the Chinese.
Quong Wing was a naturalized Canadian citizen, originally from China, who ran a restaurant in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. In 1912, he attempted to hire two white women, Mabel Hopham and Nellie Lane, to work as waitresses. Consequently, he was charged and convicted under a provincial statute, An Act to prevent the Employment of Female Labour in certain capacities, which prohibited white women or girls from working in businesses owned by "Chinamen".
Wing appealed, arguing that the law was outside the power of the province as laws related to morality were considered criminal matters which is the exclusive authority of the federal government. As well, he argued that the law did not intend to include naturalized citizens.
The Supreme Court held in a four to one decision that the law was valid. The Court interpreted the word "Chinaman" as including all those born in China regardless of subsequent nationality.
Justice John Idington, alone in dissent, was the only one concerned with the justification of the law and held the law to be invalid on the basis that citizenship was a matter of federal jurisdiction and so ultra vires of provincial powers.
# UK Crop Microbiome Cryobank

The UK Crop Microbiome Cryobank is an exploitable resource that aims to improve soil and crop health by focusing on plant microbiomes. The cryobank provides a bank of cultures, resources, and information to facilitate research into optimizing plant yields using a sustainable agricultural approach.
The UK Crop Microbiome Cryobank targets six of the UK’s key crops and supports the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) strategic priorities in agriculture and food security. It also aligns with three of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. The cryobank, completed in October 2023, uses cryo-research techniques to preserve the crop microbiome samples.
# Stenomicra cogani

Stenomicra cogani is a species of fly belonging to the family Periscelididae.
It is native to Western Europe.
# Pumilia

Pumilia novaceki is an extinct iguanid that lived in what is now Palm Springs, California, from the Blancan to Irvingtonian stages of the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene.
It is currently known from a partially crushed skull. Features of the skull show both basal iguanian features, and characters very similar to the extant Iguana, suggesting that the living animal may have resembled a juvenile green iguana.

## Etymology

The genus name, Pumilia, means "diminutive" in Latin, in reference to how the living animal would have resembled a very small iguana. The specific name honors Michael J. Novacek, a colleague and friend of the describer, Mark Norell.
# James Reece

James Reece may refer to:
* James Gordon Reece (1929–2001), British journalist and television producer
* Jimmy Reece (1929–1958), American racecar driver
# Yargo, Kombissiri

Yargo, Kombissiri is a village in the Kombissiri Department of Bazèga Province in central Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 887.
# Romania at the 1956 Summer Olympics

Romania competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia and Stockholm, Sweden (equestrian events). 44 competitors, 33 men and 11 women, took part in 35 events in 10 sports.

## Medalists

* Medal
* Gold
* Gold
* Gold
* Gold
* Gold
* Silver
* Silver
* Silver
* Bronze
* Bronze
* Bronze
* Bronze
* Bronze
Medals by sport :
| Sport | | | | Total |
| Boxing | | | | |
| Canoeing | | | | |
| Fencing | | | | |
| Gymnastics | | | | |
| Shooting | | | | |
| Wrestling | | | | |
| Total | 5 | 3 | 5 | 13 |
Medals by gender :
| Gender | | | | Total |
| Male | | | | |
| Female | | | | |
| Total | 5 | 3 | 5 | 13 |

### Gold

* Nicolae Linca — Boxing, Men's Welterweight
* Leon Rotman — Canoeing, Men's C1 1.000m Canadian Singles
* Leon Rotman — Canoeing, Men's C1 10.000m Canadian Singles
* Alexe Dumitru and Simion Ismailciuc — Canoeing, Men's C2 1.000m Canadian Pairs
* Ștefan Petrescu — Shooting, Men's Rapid-Fire Pistol

### Silver

* Mircea Dobrescu — Boxing, Men's Flyweight
* Gheorghe Negrea — Boxing, Men's Light Heavyweight
* Olga Orban-Szabo — Fencing, Women's Foil Individual

### Bronze

* Constantin Dumitrescu — Boxing, Men's Light Welterweight
* Elena Leuşteanu — Gymnastics, Women's Floor Exercises
* Gheorghe Lichiardopol — Shooting, Men's Rapid-Fire Pistol
* Francisc Horvat — Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman Bantamweight
* Elena Leuşteanu, Georgeta Hurmuzachi, Sonia Iovan, Emilia Vătăşoiu-Liţă, Elena Mărgărit-Niculescu, and Elena Săcălici — Gymnastics, Women's Team Combined Exercises

## Fencing

Two fencers, both women, represented Romania in 1956.

### Women's foil

* Olga Orban-Szabo
* Ecaterina Orb-Lazăr

## Modern pentathlon

Three male pentathletes represented Romania in 1956.

### Individual

* Cornel Vena
* Dumitru Țintea
* Victor Teodorescu

### Team

* Cornel Vena
* Dumitru Ţintea
* Victor Teodorescu

## Shooting

Four shooters represented Romania in 1956. In the 25 m pistol event Ștefan Petrescu won gold and Gheorghe Lichiardopol won bronze.

### 25 m pistol

* Ștefan Petrescu
* Gheorghe Lichiardopol

### 300 m rifle, three positions

* Constantin Antonescu

### 50 m rifle, three positions

* Iosif Sîrbu
* Constantin Antonescu

### 50 m rifle, prone

* Iosif Sîrbu
* Constantin Antonescu
# Hand-Over

A Hand-Over is a term used in the animation industry to refer to the process of adding finger and hand motion capture data to the pre-existing full-body motion capture data, using a hand motion capture device.

## Techniques

A Hand-Over is accomplished by playing back the full-body data while recording the finger and hand data. This is similar to a voice actor doing a voice-over for animated characters.
There are very few full-body motion capture systems that can capture full hand and finger motion data at the same time as the full body. An optical system gets accurate data using reflective markers and high resolution cameras. However, if the cameras cannot see the markers then they are unable to measure them. Mounting the many reflective markers on each individual joint of the hand so that they stay within the camera's views is difficult.
The traditional method of adding hand and finger motion is to key frame the fingers. This is a process similar to the old claymation process; move the finger, record the frame, move the finger again, record the frame. Key framing is easier using animation software where a beginning and an ending position can be set up, then the software fills in the motion in between. Even though software makes this easy it still takes a very talented artist to get realistic hands using the key frame method.
Another method of adding hand and finger motion is to have the animator or actor wear a data glove or wired glove. These devices very accurately measure and record the position and bend of each finger, thumb, and even the hand. Measurand's ShapeHand is made of flexible ribbons and includes 40 Fiber Optic bend/twist sensors.
Using a hand motion capture device an animator can play back the full-body data from any system and record the hand motion. This is typically done in a software package that can simultaneously play motion capture data while recording new motion capture data. This requires some practice to get the timing right just as it takes practice to get the timing right when a voice actor does an animation voice-over.
Hand-overs can save time and money while increasing the realism in hand and finger animation. This is not done without controversy. Traditional key framers do not agree this type of motion capture is better than their craft.