OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pre-unit construction

Pre-unit construction, also called separate construction, is a motorcycle engine architecture where the engine and gearbox are separate components with their own oil reservoirs, linked by a driving chain within a primary chaincase. Mounting plates are usually attached to the frame allowing for chain adjustment by gearbox fore-and-aft movement and via screw adjusters and elongated mounting holes. Even though Singer offered an integrated engine and gearbox in a single casing in 1911, it was not until the 1950s that technical advances meant it was possible to reliably construct engines with integral gearboxes in a single unit, known as unit construction.
Another variant is semi-unit construction, where the gearbox is bolted directly to the engine. Curiously, early BSA A10 and A7 parallel twins (650cc and 500 cc, respectively) were semi-unit construction, but the factory later adopted pre-unit construction.
The term "pre-unit" was coined only after such engines were succeeded by "unit construction" designs. The term pre-unit particularly applies to BSA/Triumph's single- and twin-cylinder bikes after this firm adopted unit construction in the early 1960s. (By contrast Norton and Royal Enfield never advanced beyond pre-unit construction). Even after adopting unit construction BSA/Triumph still kept separate oil systems for the engine and gearbox. It was the Japanese who introduced the practice of using the same oil in motorcycle engines and gearboxes. With the exception of the Issigonis Mini family of cars, the practice in the automobile industry has also been to keep engine and gearbox oil separate. Gearbox oil needs to cope with large shearing forces, while engine oil need to be capable of acting as a coolant, so the adoption of a single lubricant for engine and gearbox is always something of a compromise.
A pre-unit motorcycle would not normally be able to use the engine as part of the frame as a stressed member, since the engine/primary-chaincase/gearbox assembly would not be sufficiently rigid. The 1969 'Isolastic'-framed Norton Commando had its pre-unit engine, gearbox, and swingarm assembly bolted together on plates fixed to the frame via shimmed rubber bushes.
Among the Japanese manufacturers, Kawasaki produced a separate construction 650 cc vertical twin, inherited as a consequence of taking over Meguro in 1964. The Meguro K models were copies of the BSA A7 and BSA A10 design, but although external appearances were similar, no parts are interchangeable with the BSA forebears.

## History

In the early days of motorcycles, particularly in Europe, several manufacturers (such as Rudge) were diversifying from making bicycles to motorcycles. These firms would build, say, the frame and fuel tank, but most of the other elements, such as engine, gearbox, brakes, electrics, controls and instruments were bought in from outside manufacturers such as JAP, Villiers and Lucas. This situation made pre-unit construction almost inevitable.
# Presbyterian Church of McGraw

Presbyterian Church of McGraw is a historic Presbyterian church located at McGraw in Cortland County, New York. It was built in 1901 to designs by architects Pierce & Bickford and is a one-story structure, irregular in plan and massing, built of "Canandaigua gold brick". It features a tower that is square in plan at the base, but above the roofline rises in two octagonal stages built of wood with round arched louvered belfry openings and elliptical windows. It is topped by an octagonal spire crowned by a cast metal finial. The interior features an octagonally shaped auditorium and Palladian windows.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
# President of the Regional Council (Italy)

The president of the Regional Council (Italian: Presidente del consiglio regionale) is the Speaker who heads the consiglio regionale of a regione, a state-level territory.
| Regione | 2005-2010 |
| Aosta Valley | Luciano Caveri |
| Piedmont | Davide Gariglio |
| Lombardy | Giulio De Capitani |
| Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol | Marco Depaoli |
| Veneto | Marino Finozzi |
| Friuli-Venezia Giulia | Edouard Ballaman |
| Ligury | Giacomo Ronzitti |
| Emilia-Romagna | Monica Donini |
| Tuscany | Riccardo Nencini |
| Umbria | Mauro Tippolotti |
| The Marches | Luigi Minardi |
| Latium | Guido Milana |
| Abruzzo | Nazario Pagano |
| Molise | Mario Pietracupa |
| Campania | Sandra Lonardo |
| Apulia | Pietro Pepe |
| Basilicata | Maria Antezza |
| Calabria | Giuseppe Bova |
| Sicily | Francesco Cascio |
| Sardinia | Claudia Lombardo |
# Prethopalpus

Prethopalpus is a spider genus known as goblin spiders and are found in the Australasian tropics, including Nepal, India, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Three species are widely distributed, whereas the majority of species are recorded a single localities. Of the 41 species, 14 blind troglobite species live in subterranean ecosystems in Western Australia.
# Pribina Sailplane Grand Prix 2008

The Pribina Sailplane Grand Prix 2008 was the fourth qualifying Gliding Grand Prix for the FAI World Grand Prix 2008.
# Primary cutaneous aspergillosis

Primary cutaneous aspergillosis is a rare skin condition most often occurring at the site of intravenous cannulas in immunosuppressed patients.$^{:330}$
# Prisoner of Hope

"Prisoner of Hope" is a song written by Sterling Whipple and Gerald Metcalf, and recorded by American country music artist Johnny Lee. It was released in May 1981 as the fourth single from the album Lookin for Love. The song reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1981) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 3 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 4 |
# Prisoner of Japan

Prisoner of Japan is a 1942 American drama film directed by Arthur Ripley and written by Robert Chapin and Arthur Ripley. The film stars Alan Baxter, Gertrude Michael, Ernst Deutsch, Corinna Mura, Tom Seidel and Billy Moya. The film was released on July 22, 1942, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

## Plot

On a small tropical island in the South Pacific, David Bowman, a young American planter, finds himself pitted against a ruthless Japanese agent, Matsuru. Through Toni Chase, an American girl who runs a dance resort on the island, he learns that Matsuru has established a powerful and hidden short-wave radio station near his home. American ships have been attacked in that part of the Pacific with deadly effect.

## Cast

* Alan Baxter as David Bowman
* Gertrude Michael as Toni Chase
* Ernst Deutsch as Matsuru
* Corinna Mura as Loti
* Tom Seidel as Ens. Bailey
* Billy Moya as Maui
* Ray Bennett as Lt. Morgan
* Dave O'Brien as U.S. Marine
* Ann Staunton as Edie
* Beal Wong as Japanese Radio Operator
* Gil Frye as U.S. Radio Operator
* Kent Thurber as Cmdr. McDonald
# Princess Hyeondeok

Princess Hyeondeok may refer to these Goryeo consorts:
* Queen Munhwa (died 1029?), second wife of Seongjong
* Queen Yongui (died after 1040), second wife of Jeongjong
# Proanoplomus

Proanoplomus is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.
# Proaphelinoides

Proaphelinoides is a genus of wasps belonging to the family Aphelinidae.
The species of this genus are found in Australia.
Species:
* Proaphelinoides anomalus Hayat, 1985
* Proaphelinoides assamensis
* Proaphelinoides australis Girault, 1922
* Proaphelinoides bendovi Tachikawa, 1984
* Proaphelinoides elongatiformis Girault, 1917
# Princess Mafalda

Princess Mafalda may refer to:
* Mafalda of Portugal (born 1153) (1153–1162)
* Mafalda of Castile (1191–1204)
* Mafalda of Portugal (1195–1256)
* Princess Mafalda of Savoy (1902–1944)
* Mafalda von Hessen (born 1965), also known as Princess Mafalda of Hesse
* Ona Mafalda (born 1994), also known as Princess Mafalda of Bulgaria
# Proprioseiopsis lenis

Proprioseiopsis lenis is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.
# UPM-Sat

UPM-Sat is a series of Spanish microsatellites developed by the Technical University of Madrid (UPM), in collaboration with the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), for educational, scientific and technological purposes.

## UPM-Sat 1

The UPM-Sat 1, also called UPM/LB-Sat, was launched on July 7, 1995, from French Guiana on the flight V75 of the Ariane IV-40 launcher. It weighed 47 kg. It had an operational life in orbit of 213 days, with a Sun-synchronous polar orbit at an altitude of 670 kilometers, completing one revolution around the Earth every 98 minutes.

## UPM-Sat 2

The UPM-Sat 2 project aimed to develop a satellite with a mass less than 50 kg and overall dimensions less than 0.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.6 m. The UPM-Sat 2 satellite, also called M.A.T.I.A.S., was originally scheduled to launch in 1999. It was finally launched on September 3, 2020, on the flight VV16 of the Vega rocket.
# Renous

Renous may refer to:
* Renous, New Brunswick, a rural community in New Brunswick
** The Atlantic Institution, a prison located there, sometimes referred to as "Renous Prison" and "Renous Penitentiary"
* Renous River, a river in New Brunswick
# Przybyszowy

Przybyszowy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Końskie, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Końskie and 42 km (26 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.
# Marionia kinoi

Marionia kinoi is a species of sea slug, a dendronotid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae.

## Distribution

This species was described from a site two miles south of Punta Arenas, Gulf of California coastline east of La Paz, near La Riviera, Baja California Sur, Mexico (23°29′24″N 109°27′08″W﻿ / ﻿23.49000°N 109.45222°W﻿ / 23.49000; -109.45222), 16 m depth.
# Marilyn Burns (disambiguation)

Marilyn Burns may refer to:
* Marilyn Burns (1949–2014), American actress
* Marilyn Burns (mathematics educator) (born 1941), American mathematics educator and children's mathematics book author
* Marilyn Burns (politician) (born c. 1956), Canadian politician and leader of the Alberta Advantage Party
# Mark Brazil

Dr Mark Andrew Brazil (born 8 June 1955) is a conservationist, author and journalist, particularly noted for his work on east Asian birds.
Brazil was born in Worcestershire, England, and studied at Keele University, Staffordshire, where he graduated with a double honours BA degree in Biology & English Literature in 1977. In 1981 he received his Ph.D. from Stirling University, Scotland for his thesis The behavioural ecology of the Whooper Swan. He worked for many years with Japanese natural history television (NHK Science) and then Television New Zealand (TVNZ) and Natural History New Zealand (NHNZ). He has also worked for various other television companies, including the BBC and BBC Radio, as a scientific advisor, contributor and interviewee. From 1998 to 2007 he was professor of Biodiversity and Conservation at Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido. Since 2007 he has been a freelance natural history and travel writer, an editor of scientific papers, and a frequent leader of expeditions in Japan and internationally.
He was previously scientific advisor/researcher for Natural History Television New Zealand; currently: author, editor, lecturer and expedition leader for Zegrahm Expeditions and Expedition Easy. Previously a resident of Ebetsu, since April 2018 he has been based in the Teshikaga area of east Hokkaido, in the buffer zone of the Akan-Mashu National Park.
Brazil was the author of the "Wild Watch" column for The Japan Times newspaper from April 1982 to March 2015, the longest running single-author natural history column in any newspaper. He has been writer in residence for JapanVisitor.com since June 2011.

## Publications

Books
* 1987: A Birdwatcher's Guide to Japan, Kodansha America ISBN 0-87011-849-8
* 1991: The Birds of Japan, Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd ISBN 0-7136-8006-7
* 2000: Wild Asia: Spirit of a Continent, Pelican Publishing ISBN 1-56554-827-2
* 2003: The Whooper Swan, ISBN 0-7136-6570-X
* 2009: Birds of East Asia, Helm Field Guides series, A&C Black ISBN 978-0-7136-7040-0
* 2013: The Nature of Japan: From Dancing Cranes to Flying Fish, Japan Nature Guides.
* 2015: Pocket Guide to the Common and Iconic Birds of Japan, Japan Nature Guides.
* 2015: Pocket Guide to the Common and Iconic Mammals of Japan, Japan Nature Guides.
* 2018: Birds of Japan, Helm Field Guides series, A&C Black
Has also published numerous papers, magazine and newspaper articles in the fields of science, natural history and travel.
# Mark Gabey

Mark Laurence Gabey (born 27 July 1973) is an Australian former professional rugby union player.

## Rugby career

Born in Proserpine in north Queensland, Gabey could play both as a lock and in the back-row.
Gabey played once for the Reds during the 1997 Super 12 season, then continued his professional career in England.

### England

Gabey made his Premiership Rugby debut in 1999–00 with London Irish and won their "player of the year" award that season. From 2000 to 2002, Gabey played in the premiership for Bath, before the recruitment of England lock Danny Grewcock forced him to look elsewhere and he signed with second-tier team Worcester. He returned to the premiership with Worcester in 2004, then finished his career with stints at the Exeter Chiefs and Birmingham & Solihull.
# Mariouta

Mariouta is a genus of beetles in the family Dermestidae, containing
* Mariouta letourneuxi Pic, 1898
* Mariouta stangei Reitter, 1910
# Mark Boothman

Mark Andrew Boothman (born 6 June 1977) is an Australian Liberal National politician who is the Member of Parliament for Theodore in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland, having defeated government whip Margaret Keech to win Albert at the 2012 state election.
# Mark Stuart

Mark Stuart is the name of:
* Mark Stuart (ice hockey) (born 1984), ice hockey player in the National Hockey League
* Mark Stuart (musician) (born 1968), former lead singer of Christian rock band Audio Adrenaline
* Mark Stuart (footballer) (born 1966), English footballer
* Mark Stuart, singer, guitarist and half of the duo Stacey Earle and Mark Stuart
* Mark Stuart, leader of country band Bastard Sons of Johnny Cash
# Mark Morrow

Mark Morrow (born April 2, 1960) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a New Democratic Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1990 to 1995.

## Background

Morrow graduated High School from Scott Park Secondary, he then proceeded to take some college business courses. Prior to his election, he was a shipper receiver and also worked in places such as Stelco, Dofasco and other industrial jobs.

## Politics

He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1990 provincial election, defeating Liberal incumbent Shirley Collins by 3,147 votes in the Hamilton-area riding of Wentworth East. The NDP formed a majority government and Morrow served as a government backbencher during his time in office.
Morrow quickly emerged as a leading ally of maverick left-wing Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) Peter Kormos within the NDP caucus. Like Kormos, Morrow was a vocal opponent of the Rae government's decision to back away from its pledge to introduce public automobile insurance to the province. In 1993, Morrow, Kormos and Karen Haslam were the only members of the NDP caucus to vote against the Rae government's Social Contract legislation, which restructured the province's labour laws and introduced unpaid leave days for some workers.
The NDP were defeated in the 1995 provincial election. Notwithstanding his maverick status, Morrow was unable to overcome the provincial trend and finished third in Wentworth East against Progressive Conservative Ed Doyle.
# Mark Morton

Mark Morton may refer to:
* Mark Morton (politician) (1865–1938), New South Wales politician
* Mark Morton (businessman) (1858–1951), co-founder of Morton Salt
* Mark Morton (guitarist) (born 1972), guitarist with Lamb of God
* Mark Steven Morton (born 1963), Canadian author
* Mark Morton (double bassist) (born 1962), professor of double bass at Texas Tech University
# Çağlayık, Ardahan

Çağlayık is a village in the Ardahan District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 294 in 2021.
# Thiruvengaivasal

Thiruvengaivasal is a village in the Annavasal revenue block of Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Thiruvengaivasal had a total population of 1465 with 762 males and 703 females. Out of the total population 649 people were literate.
# Sunday school answer

"Sunday school answer" is a pejorative used within Evangelical Christianity to refer to an answer as being the kind of answer one might give to a child. The phrase derives its name from the concept that certain answers are likely to be an appropriate answer to a question asked in a Sunday school even if one has not heard the question. These answers include Jesus, sin, and the cross.
For example, if a Sunday school teacher were to ask the question, "Now class, what is brown and furry and collects nuts for the winter?", a student might respond, "It sure sounds like a squirrel, but... is it Jesus?" The term "Sunday school answer" is commonly used to criticize someone for attempting to answer a complex question with an answer that is simplistic, that has not been thought out well, or that is not connected with reality. It can also be used to criticize someone for boastfully trying to call attention to their knowledge of the Bible.
According to James W. Fowler's stages of faith development, people who are in Stage 4, the "Individuative-Reflective" stage, find such answers an impediment to addressing new questions that they wish to ask.
In her book Love Letters to Miscarried Moms, Samantha Evans argues that answers dismissed as Sunday school answers "for being obvious, corny and surface-level answers... are most often the right answers".
Some Christian educators raise the concern that kids are getting too much Sunday School, eventually leading to spiritual burnout.
National Basketball Association player Jeremy Lin said in a 2013 interview that, although he "knew the Sunday school answers" while he was growing up, it was not until he became a high school freshman and joined a youth group where he experienced "radical love" that he felt like he wanted to commit to Christianity.

## In Mormonism

"Sunday school answer" is also used in the culture of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) to refer to trite answers that one might provide to a question posed during the church's Sunday School classes. Such answers include "reading the scriptures, praying daily, serving ... family and others, and attending the temple and ... Sunday meetings". Church members sometimes argue that if the Sunday School answers are truly implemented in one's life, they are the answers to life's challenges.
# Kemmis, Queensland

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
Kemmis is a rural locality in the Isaac Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Kemmis had "no people or a very low population".

## Geography

The land is lower and flatter to the south and east, 260 metres (850 ft) above sea level. However, the terrain becomes more mountainous in the west and north of the locality, with the following peaks (from north to south):
* Mount Lookout (21°26′05″S 148°18′23″E﻿ / ﻿21.4347°S 148.3064°E﻿ / -21.4347; 148.3064﻿ (Mount Lookout)) 460 metres (1,510 ft)
* Mount Hess (21°27′38″S 148°18′21″E﻿ / ﻿21.4606°S 148.3059°E﻿ / -21.4606; 148.3059﻿ (Mount Hess)) 580 metres (1,900 ft)
* Mount Yuckawaw (21°28′18″S 148°19′55″E﻿ / ﻿21.4717°S 148.3319°E﻿ / -21.4717; 148.3319﻿ (Mount Yuckawaw)) 475 metres (1,558 ft)
The Suttor Developmental Road enters the locality from the north-east (Hail Creek) and exits to the west (Elphinstone).
The Goonyella railway line enters the locality from the south-west (Strathfield) and exits to the north-west (Hail Creek).
South Walker Creek Mine is a large coal mine in the south of the locality extending into neighbouring Strathfield. There are many other former mine sites in Kemmis.
Apart from mining, the land use is grazing on native vegetation.

## History

The locality was named after pastoralist, Arthur Kemmis, who participated in William Landsborough's 1861 expedition from the Gulf of Carpentaria to Melbourne in search of the Burke and Wills expedition. Kemmis was partner in the lease of Fort Cooper pastoral run.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Kemmis had a population of 3 people.
In the 2021 census, Kemmis had "no people or a very low population".

## Education

There are no schools in Kemmis. The nearest government primary schools are Glenden State School in Glenden to the north-west, Nebo State School in Nebo to the east, and Coppabella State School in neighbouring Coppabella to the south. The nearest government secondary school is Glenden State School (to Year 12).
# Norðleoda laga

Norðleoda laga is a set of laws apparently pertaining to the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. Mention of a Northumbrian king suggests that the text originates before the mid-tenth century, when Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom. The text comprises a list of the wergelds payable on the killing of people of different social statuses, with the following values:
| Rank | Thrymsa |
| King | 30,000 |
| Archbishop/aetheling | 15,000 |
| Bishop/ealdorman | 8,000 |
| Hold/high-reeve | 4,000 |
| Mass-thegn/secular thegn | 2,000 |
| Prospering ceorl | 2,000 |
| Ceorl | 200 |
| Prospering Welshman | 120s. |
| Non-prospering Welshman | 80s. |
| Landless Welshman | 70s. |

## Editions and translations

* Liebermann, F. (ed.), Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen, 3 vols (Halle a. S.: Niemeyer, 1903–16), I 458–60.
* Monk, Chris (ed. and trans.), Norðleoda Laga (‘Laws of the Northumbrians’), Textus Roffensis, ff. 93v-94r (Rochester: Rochester Cathedral Research Guild, 2018)
# The City (1994 film)

The City is a 1994 Indian Malayalam-language action film directed by I. V. Sasi and written by T. Damodaran from a story by Priyadarsan. The cast includes Suresh Gopi, Urvashi, Lalu Alex, Ratheesh, Ahana and Anandaraj.

## Plot

Assistant superintendent of police Raviprasad gets involved with a drug mafia when he tries to stop them.

## Cast

* Suresh Gopi as A.S.P Raviprasad IPS
* Urvashi as Jyothi
* Ahana as Priya
* Anandaraj as Raja
* Ratheesh as Spark Jayadevan
* Nizhalgal Ravi as M.P Sudhakaran
* Lalu Alex as D.G.P Chandrasekharan Nair IPS
* Sindhuja as Maria Begum
* Raveendran as Singer
* Bindhu Panicker as Sumathi
* Delhi Ganesh as Commissioner Muthulingam IPS
* Sridevi as Manju
* Kalyan Kumar as R. S. Pandiyan
* Sathyapriya as Thangamani
* Kitty as Sharma
* Vyjayanthi as Radhamani
* Kuthiravattam Pappu as Driver Govindan
* Rajesh as C.I Durai
* Bobby Kottarakkara as Basheer
* Raj Chander as Sharath Pandian
* Dhadha Muthukumar as Rocky
# Propebela nivea

Propebela nivea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Sea of Japan
# Pseudomachilanus

Pseudomachilanus is a genus of jumping bristletails in the family Machilidae.
# Pseudoneuroterus nichollsi

Pseudoneuroterus nichollsi is a gall wasp species in the family Cynipidae whose life cycle involves only Palaearctic oaks, Quercus subgen. Quercus, in the section Cerris.
# Pseudomaro

Pseudomaro is a monotypic genus of sheet weavers containing the single species, Pseudomaro aenigmaticus. It was first described by J. Denis in 1966, and has only been found in Europe.