OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paglia Orba

The Paglia Orba (pronounced /ˌpa.ʎa ˈɔːr.ba/) is a mountain peak in the Monte Cinto massif in Corsica. It rises to an altitude of 2,525 metres (8,284 ft), between the valleys of the Golo (in the Niolo) and the Cavicchia (in the Filosorma). Relatively isolated, this peak, notable for its characteristic tooth-shaped silhouette, dominates the Fango Valley and the west coast of the island.
Straddling the municipalities of Albertacce and Manso, Paglia Orba is the second highest peak of the central chain and the Filosorma, behind Punta Minuta at 2,556 metres (8,386 ft).

## Geography

With an altitude of 2,525 metres (8,284 ft), the Paglia Orba is located in the municipalities of Albertacce and Manso. It is nearly 200 metres (660 ft) lower than Monte Cinto. The Golo, the longest river in Corsica, rises at its feet.
On its slopes at an altitude of 1,384 metres (4,541 ft) the Ruisseau Orba rises in the communal forest of Albertacce, which is a monoculture of laricio pines.

## Geology

Unlike the other summits of the Cinto massif, which are formed mainly of volcanic rocks, the Paglia Orba is made up of sandstone and conglomerates (puddingstone) with some boulders exceeding 1 cubic metre (35 cu ft) in size.
These sedimentary rocks accumulated during the Permian-Triassic within a vast zone of volcanic collapse (a lake occupying a caldera), before being raised to altitude then largely destroyed by erosion during the tertiary era. Only a few rare vestiges of this sedimentary filling remain today, including the Paglia Orba preserved on the southwestern edge of this caldera.

## Access

The normal access road to the summit is somewhere between hiking and mountaineering. From the Ciottulu a i Mori refuge, a path leads to the Col des Maures (Moorish Pass) and then up a very steep corridor on the western slope of the Paglia Orba. The route marked by cairns then overlooks a cliff to reach a first summit, separated from the true summit by a ravine called "combe des Chèvres". Other steep routes exist on the south side (vertical fractures or chimneys) but require experience in climbing.
Experienced hikers and mountaineers can also complete the tour of the Paglia Orba by crossing the "Geologists' Breach", named in memory of a geologist who died there,) and the "Sphinx Breach", near a characteristic looking rock block.

### Climbing

The dizzying faces and ridges of this "queen of the Corsican mountains" offer climbers a multitude of routes rated “AD” to “ED”.
* The Paglia Orba seen from the Pont des 5 Arcades (D81) in Galéria, above the Fango valley.
* La Paglia Orba (left) seen from the Lac de Calacuccia. In the middle, Monte Cintu.
# Paecilomyces lagunculariae

Paecilomyces lagunculariae is a species of fungus in the genus Paecilomyces in the order of Eurotiales.
# Palace of the Governors, Togo

The Palace of the Governors (French: palais des Gouverneurs) is the old official residence of the President of Togo and the residence of the First Minister since 1991. It is located on the south-western side of the city of Lomé, the capital city of the Togolese Republic, next to the presidential residence.

## History

The building was designed by a joint team of German and Togolese architects and engineers and was built between 1898 and 1905. The original concept for the building was to construct a palace that would make an impression from long distances, such as boats coming to harbor in Lomé, its construction was started by the Governor August Köhler soon after Lomé was made the capital of the colony, one of the most prosperous German colonies, in an effort to show its power and prestige. The materials used originated from a unique mixture of local available and imported goods. They include red bricks, iron, local woods, and cement. The building is typical of German colonial architecture. Constructed in a vast park, which was accessed previously through a gate made out of two elephant tusks more than two metres long, it is surrounded with terraces and possesses a patio similar to the one of the Royal Palace of King Toffa I, in Benin. The ground floor previously housed administrative services while the private quarters of the governors were on the first floor. The palace was expanded by French authorities after 1914 as Togo was ceded by Germany following World War I. After Togo took its independence in 1960, it became the seat of the presidency until 1976 when it became a residency for guests, and subsequently the seat of the Prime Minister in 1991, although it has suffered some damages from the political and social tensions of 1991 in Togo.

## World Heritage Status

This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on January 8, 2002 in the Cultural category.
# Pak Sham

Pak Chung Sham is a psychiatric geneticist. He holds the Suen Chi-Sun Professorship in Clinical Science at the University of Hong Kong, where he is also the Chair Professor in Psychiatric Genomics, Director of the Centre for Genomic Sciences, and Director of Academic Developments in the Department of Psychiatry. He was a Professor of Psychiatric and Statistical Genetics at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience from 2000 to 2006. He first joined the faculty of the University of Hong Kong as a visiting professor in 2004, where he became Chair Professor in Psychiatric Genomics in 2006. He is the editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed journal Human Heredity.
# Pak Sha Wan (Chai Wan)

Pak Sha Wan (Chinese: 白沙灣), or Lyee Mun Bay (Chinese: 鯉魚門灣), was a bay to the north of Chai Wan on Hong Kong Island, with Lei Yue Mun, Tseung Kwan O and Tathong Channel opposite. It was reclaimed to construct Heng Fa Chuen, one of the largest private housing estates on Hong Kong Island, MTR Heng Fa Chuen station and Chai Wan Depot.

## Others

* Heng Fa Chuen
* Heng Fa Chuen station
# Palaemon guangdongensis

Palaemon guangdongensis is a shrimp species in the family Palaemonidae.
# Palo Pinto Mountains

The term Palo Pinto Mountains properly refers to a specific cuesta-like range of hills in western Palo Pinto County, Texas. The name Palo Pinto roughly translates to "painted stick" in reference to the juniper trees of the area. Isolated, rugged, and scenic, the ridge extends some 15 miles, from near the intersection of Texas State Highway 16 and Farm to Market Road 207 in the southwest, to Crawford Mountain just south of the Fortune Bend on the Brazos River in the northeast.
The Palo Pinto Mountains are located in, and form part of, the Carbonate Cross Timbers, a level IV ecoregion defined by the Environmental Protection Agency. However, the term "Palo Pinto Mountains" is also used colloquially to refer to a much larger area, essentially the entire portion of the much more extensive Western Cross Timbers located north of I-20. The mountains have been called a northern extension of the Hill Country, and indeed they are both dissected plateaus featuring karst topography with similar vegetation, including post oak (Quercus stellata), blueberry juniper (Juniperus ashei), and mesquite. The smaller Carbonate Cross Timbers also has a limestone substrate, as does the Hill Country, although the surrounding Western Cross Timbers area is underlain by sandstone, instead.
The high point of the range depends on which definition used; if referring to the specific line of hills, the high point is Crawford Mountain at the north end, with an elevation of 1,470 feet (450 m) and about 360 feet (110 m) of prominence. If referring to the broader hilly region, however, the highest point is the unnamed high point of Stephens County, at 1,628 feet (496 m).

## Human habitation and access

Using the broader colloquial definition of the Palo Pinto Mountains, they cover all of Jack and Palo Pinto Counties, most of Stephens County, large parts of Parker, Montague, and Wise Counties, and smaller portions of Young, Cooke, and Clay Counties. This area includes the towns of Bowie (on the northwestern fringe), Graham, Jacksboro, Bridgeport, Decatur (on the eastern edge), Breckenridge, Mineral Wells, and Springtown. It also includes Possum Kingdom Lake and its state park as well as a new state park, not yet open to the public, acquired by the state in 2011.
Using the strict definition of the Palo Pinto Mountains, the only road that crosses the range is US 180, which enters from the east at a pass known as Metcalf Gap, although State Highway 16 south of US 180 runs adjacent to the eastern escarpment of the cuesta. Speaking of the broader region, however, US 380 and State Highway 114 traverse the area's northern fringes, and US 281 runs north-south through the region; State Highway 59 also runs through the northeastern portion. Numerous farm-to-market (FM) roads, most notably FM 4, also cross the area.
# Pakasua

Pakasua is a village in the island of Banggai in Banggai district, Banggai Laut, Central Sulawesi province. The village is part of the Kokini with its neighbors, Lelang village.
# Paloma, California

38°15′34″N 120°45′48″W﻿ / ﻿38.25944°N 120.76333°W﻿ / 38.25944; -120.76333
Paloma (Spanish for "dove"; formerly, Fosteria and Frenchman's Ranch) is an unincorporated community in Calaveras County, California. It lies at an elevation of 1362 feet (415 m) and is located at 38°15′34″N 120°45′48″W﻿ / ﻿38.25944°N 120.76333°W﻿ / 38.25944; -120.76333. The community is in ZIP code 95252 and area code 209.
Gwin Mine, Paloma, and Lower Rich Gulch were mined for placer gold in 1849, and quartz was discovered by J. Alexander in 1851. Property here was acquired by William M. Gwin, California's first U.S. Senator, in 1851. After yielding millions of dollars in gold, the Gwin Mine closed in 1908.
The town today is registered as California Historical Landmark #295.
The town's post office operated from 1903 to 1918, when the name was Fosteria - from the Foster family, early pioneers.

## Politics

In the state legislature, Paloma is in the 8th Senate District, represented by Democrat Angelique Ashby, and the 5th Assembly District, represented by Republican Joe Patterson. Federally, Paloma is in California's 4th congressional district, represented by Democrat Mike Thompson.
# Palmas del Socorro

Palmas Socorro is a town and municipality in the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia.
# Palazzo Rocca (Alcamo)

Palazzo Rocca is a civil building located in Alcamo, in the province of Trapani.

## History

This imposing palace was built in 1629 by the nobleman Salvatore Rocca and was completed by Vincenzo Rocca. It is considered one of the most important buildings in Alcamo. Today, part of it is used as a clergy house of the Church of Saints Paul and Bartholomew and orphanage, and another part as a residential building.

### Description

The façade, still intact, is made with pieces of ceramics and has corbels and portals of carved stone. On the ground floor there are four shops and three more doors. The main one has a portal realized with very solid limestone travertinoide. Above it is a smooth pediment, some cornices and an open tympanum ending with two volutes.
Above the ground floor is a mezzanine floor with six small balconies having marble corbels and a wrought iron railing. On the first floor there are two balconies with stone galleries and corbels. On the second floor there is a long balcony, with stone galleries and corbels, and a wrought iron railing. Finally, the façade is surmounted by a denticulated eave.
From the gate in the northern part of the building one can enter a magnificent garden, about 1,500 square metres large. Inside are palms, lemons, oranges, cedars of Lebanon trees and two fountains; one has an octagonal shape, with an iron dome in the middle of it. The other one is round and has small columns supporting an iron dome.
The main entrance leads into a large hall. On the left is a small front door leading to the premises of the clergy house of the Chiesa dei Santi Paolo e Bartolomeo, a gate to the sacristy through a corridor, and a front door leading to the Orphanage Sant'Antonio, with its premises on the first and second floor.
From the southern side one can enter a mezzanine belonging to the Amodeo family, and a second floor of the Coraci family. On the left of the hall is a room which was used as a stable, and another entrance with an arch leading to a flat belonging to the families Benenati-Amodeo, with eight rooms and various accessories.
The premises of the building have undergone different changes, so some frescoes, ancient tiles and stone portals have been lost.
# Palazzo Riso

The Palazzo Riso, or RISO, Museo d’Arte Contemporanea della Sicilia (RISO, Contemporary Art Museum of Sicily also known as Palazzo Belmonte Riso), is a regional contemporary art museum located in the ancient Corso Vittorio Emanuele, Palermo, Italy.

## History and architecture

The Palazzo Riso's architecture clearly shows the final days of Sicilian Baroque as it was transformed into Neoclassicism. Designed by the architect Giuseppe Venanzio Marvuglia, the house was constructed at the end of the 18th century and completed in 1784. It became property of the Prince of Belmonte, and in the 19th century it passed to Baron Riso. The marble Riso coat of arms on the portal of the palazzo was carved by Ignazio Marabitti.
During World War II the building was damaged by Allied bombing. Restored from the mid-1990s, since 2008 it has become a contemporary art museum.

## The museum

The Riso Contemporary Art Museum of Sicily is one of the most important museums in the region.
The museum collects works by contemporary artists including Andrea Di Marco, Alessandro Bazan, Giovanni Anselmo, Emilio Isgrò, Domenico Mangano, Antonio Sanfilippo, Carla Accardi, Christian Boltanski, Croce Taravella, Francesco De Grandi, Francesco Simeti, Fulvio Di Piazza, Giulia Piscitelli, Laboratorio Saccardi, Luca Vitone, Paola Pivi, Pietro Consagra, Richard Long, Richard T. Scott, and Salvo.
# Palpita junctalis

Palpita junctalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hiroshi Inoue in 1997. It is found in the Philippines (Luzon).
# Palomas, Comerío, Puerto Rico

Palomas is a barrio in the municipality of Comerío, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 4,719.

## Sectors

Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions) in turn are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.
The following sectors are in Palomas:
Condominios Brisas de la Sierra, Egda. Golden Living, Las Bocas, Palomas Abajo, Parcelas Nuevas y Viejas, Parts of Carretera 780, Sector Caimito, Sector Calderón, Sector Capilla, Sector Concho, Sector El Guareto, Sector El Mangó, Sector Escuela, Sector La Prá, Sector Los Chuchitos, Sector Los Liberales, Sector Los Oyola, Sector Los Vidrios, Sector Manuel Espina, Sector Manuel Reyes, Sector Negrón (R-809), Sector Ortiz, Sector Padilla, Sector Quiles, Sector Rincón, Sector Romero, Sector Solís, Sector Zamora, Urbanización San Andrés, and Vuelta del Dos.

## History

Palomas was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Palomas barrio was 1,091.
# Palaephatus dimorphus

Palaephatus dimorphus is a moth of the family Palaephatidae. It is found in much of the southern temperate forests of montane Argentina and Chile.
The length of the forewings is 12–13 mm for males and 13–15 mm for females. Adults have brownish forewings. In males, these are mottled with darker brown to fuscous. Females have whitish buff forewings and similar markings as the males, but the pattern has much more contrast. They are on wing from September to March, possibly in multiple generations per year.

## Etymology

The species name is derived from Greek di (meaning two) and morphe (meaning form) and refers to the distinctive sexual dimorphism of this species.
# Pamir River

The Pamir River is a shared river located in the Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan and in the Gorno-Badakhshan in Tajikistan. It is a tributary of the Panj River, and forms the northern boundary of Afghanistan's Wakhan District.
The river has its sources in the Pamir Mountains in the far eastern part of Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan. It flows between the Alichur mountain range in the north and the Wakhan District in the south. It starts from the Lake Zorkul, at a height of 4,130 meters, and then flows west, and later southwest. Near the town of Langar, at 2,799 m, its confluences with the Wakhan River forms the Panj River. The Pamir forms the boundary between Afghanistan and Tajikistan along its entire length. Northwest of Langar is the 6,726 m (22,067 ft) high Karl Marx Peak and Friedrich Engels Peak (6,507 m (21,348 ft)). A road runs along the river on the Tajik side to Khargush where it turns north to join the Pamir Highway. A road of lower quality continues east past Zorkul, almost to the Chinese border.
Scottish explorer John Wood was the first known European to try to find the source of the Oxus, or Pamir River. He made a pioneering journey in 1839 and reached Lake Zorkul.
# Pandalapaka, Visakhapatnam district

Pandalapaka is a village in Visakhapatnam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under of Visakhapatnam revenue division.

## Demographics

As of 2011 Census of India, Pandalapaka has population of 1,115 of which 581 are males while 534 are females. Average Sex Ratio of Pandalapaka village is 919. Population of children with age 0-6 is 269 which makes up 13.65% of total population of village with child sex ratio 865. Literacy rate of Pandalapaka village is 50.36%.
# Palais Berlitz

48°52′13.63″N 2°20′3.96″E﻿ / ﻿48.8704528°N 2.3344333°E﻿ / 48.8704528; 2.3344333
The Palais Berlitz, also known as Palais de Hanovre, is an office building built in Paris in the 1930s on a block formed by the Boulevard des Italiens, the Rue Louis-le-Grand [fr], the Rue de la Michodière [fr] and the rue du Hanovre.
It was built to replace the Pavillon de Hanovre, which was dismantled and rebuilt in a park in a Paris suburb.

## Pavillon de Hanovre

The Pavillon de Hanovre was built between 1758 and 1760 by the French architect Jean-Michel Chevotet (1698–1772) at the request of the Duke of Richelieu on the rue Neuve-Saint-Augustin (now the Boulevard des Italiens).
During construction of the Palais Berlitz, the Pavilion de Hanovre was disassembled and reconstructed in 1932 in the gardens in Sceaux. This work was performed under the direction of the architect Léon Azéma, assisted by Louis Plousey [fr] and Urbain Cassan [fr].

## Palais Berlitz

Under the name of the Palace of Hanover, it was erected as an office building in the 1930s by architect Charles Lemaresquier (1870–1972), who conceived other buildings in the same style, such as the headquarters of Félix Potin, in partnership with Victor Laloux.
On the ground floor were stores and a newsreel theatre that seated 200.
The building was renamed the Palais Berlitz after the English language school located in the building. In the 1950s the ground floor and basement of the building were converted into a 1,500-seat cinema called the Berlitz, and the old newsreel theatre was turned into a restaurant.
It was one of the most important first-run movie theatres in Paris at that time. The design featured a huge curved lobby with stained glass windows leading to the big auditorium which had club armchairs. However, due to two large columns in the auditorium space, the size of the screen was limited.
In the 1980s Gaumont took over and divided the Berlitz including the restaurant (the former newsreel house) into six small screens. The place lost its original design.
In the 1990s the building was entirely rebuilt with only the facade remaining. In the new building, the new six-screen multiplex run by Gaumont has a new design and a total seating capacity of 1,137.
After a fire st the Credit Lyonnais headquarters, the French bank LCL installed its main branch in the building. In 2006, it was acquired by BNP Paribas to house offices of its Communications and Corporate and Investment Banking divisions.

## Le Juif et la France

Palais Berlitz is notorious for an antisemitic exhibition during Nazi occupation: Le Juif et la France (The Jew and France), which ran from 5 September 1941 to 15 January 1942.
# Panfilo Nuvolone

Panfilo Nuvolone (1581–1651) was an Italian painter of the Mannerist period, who painted both religious and still life topics, active in Cremona and Mantua.
Born to a Mantuan gentleman, he was the father of a family of Cremonese painters. In that town, he apprenticed with Giovanni Battista Trotti (known as il Malosso). Afterwards he moved to Milan, where fresco church ceilings, and painted altarpieces and still lifes.
One of his few documented still lifes depict a bowl of peaches, and recalls the near-contemporary paintings of fruit bowls in Milan, including the 1594-98 painting in the Ambrosiana by Caravaggio and similarly themed paintings by Fede Galizia. His son, Carlo Francesco Nuvolone, also a prominent in painter in Lombardy. Panfilo's younger son Giuseppe Nuvolone also a painter. Giuseppe's son Carlo was a mediocre quadratura specialist active mainly around Cremona.

## Sources

* Coddè, Segretario dell Belle Arti in Mantova, Dottore Pasquale (1837). Aumentate e scritte Dottore Fisico, Luigi Coddè (ed.). Memorie Biografiche, poste in forma di Dizionario die Pittori, Scultori, Architetti, ed Incisori Mantovani. Mantua: Presso i Fratelli Negretti. pp. 120–123.
* Grove Encyclopedia entry
* ‘’Cain and Abel’’
# Pantelleria Vecchia Bank Megalith

The Pantelleria Vecchia Bank Megalith is an anomalous artifact of uncertain origin, located on the Pantelleria Vecchia Bank in the Strait of Sicily between Sicily and Tunisia, at a depth of 40 meters underwater. Studies have suggested that the object appears to be man-made. The megalith is a large block of sedimentary calcirudite limestone measuring 12 meters long, and weighing 15 tons.
The stone may have been carved when the area last stood above ocean level around 10,000 years ago during the early Mesolithic. The radiocarbon dating of shell fragments extracted from the stone indicate the stone itself to be 40,000 years old while the ocean floor surrounding the megalith is 10 million years old. This suggests that the megalith may have been carved from imported stone.
The megalith contains three holes with similar diameters, which are partially filled with barnacles and other crustaceans. One of the holes, with a diameter of 60 centimeters, visibly extends all the way through the stone.

## History

The megalith was discovered by Emanuele Lodolo and Zvi Ben-Avraham in 2015 during a seafloor mapping survey in an area called the Pantelleria Vecchia Bank, located about 60 kilometers south of Sicily. After scans indicated a large roughly rectangular object, divers and cameras were deployed to capture photographic evidence. The divers described what appeared to be a large monolith, broken into two sections.
The entire Pantelleria Vecchia Bank is a shallow area which was once an island. Based on known sea level data, it is estimated that the island last stood above the ocean level almost 10,000 years ago.