OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hero System Rulesbook

Hero System Rulesbook is a supplement published by Hero Games/Iron Crown Enterprises in 1990 for role-playing games using the Hero System rules.

## Contents

Hero System Rulesbook is the basic rulebook that presents a role-playing system used by all Hero Games products. It uses a simplified game mechanic using primarily six-sided dice to main attributes and skill challenges, a hex grid for maps, and a "point-buy" system for buying skills and powers.

## Publication history

In 1981, Hero Games published the superhero role-playing game (RPG) Champions that used the "Hero System" set of rules. Hero Games subsequently published a second- and third-edition of Champions, as well as a number of role-playing games in other genres that used the same Hero System rules, including the pulp-inspired Justice Inc. (1984), espionage RPG Danger International (1985), and fantasy RPG Fantasy Hero (1986). By this time, Hero Games was in financial difficulty, and was eventually taken over as a subsidiary of Iron Crown Enterprises (I.C.E.). In 1989, Hero Games/I.C.E. published a fourth edition of Champions that included the latest version of the Hero System rules. Seeing the commercial success of the stand-alone GURPS (Generic Universal Role-Playing System) rules by Steve Jackson Games, Hero Games broke out the rules from the fourth edition of Champions and published them as Hero System Rulesbook in 1990.
In the 2014 book Designers & Dragons: The '80s, game historian Shannon Appelcline noted that "Now GURPS (1986) was gaining steam, and the benefits of a truly universal system were becoming more obvious. Therefore, Rob Bell [of Hero Games] unified the Hero System. With the release of Champions fourth edition (1989), the Hero System Rulesbook (1990), and Fantasy Hero (1990), there was a second (mostly) universal game system on the market."$^{:105}$
Hero System Rulesbook, a 220-page softcover, was written by George MacDonald, Steve Peterson, and Rob Bell, with a cover by George Pérez and John Stracuzzi.

## Reception

In the October 1990 edition of Dragon (Issue #162), Allen Varney liked the fact that this book included "the most neglected of rulebook virtues: an index." He concluded with a recommendation, saying, "This book provides an economical introduction to the Hero System rules and is a handy reference for those times (such as the last hours of gaming conventions) when the hardcover is just too heavy to carry."

## Other reviews

* Alarums & Excursions #177 (May 1990, p.68))
# Ron Martin (geographer)

Ronald Leonard Martin FBA FAcSS (born 17 April 1948) is professor of economic geography at the Department of Geography University of Cambridge. He is a fellow of the Cambridge-MIT Institute, research associate of the Centre for Business Research and professorial fellow of St Catharine's College, Cambridge.
Martin's research focuses on the geographies of work and of financial systems, regional economic development, economic theory and economic geography, and the interface between geography and public policy. He is the editor of the journal Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, published by Oxford University Press. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2005, and awarded a Leverhulme Trust Major Research Fellowship for 2007-2010.
Outside of his academic work, he is an associate director of the Local Futures Group, an economic-geographic consultancy.

## Awards and recognition

* British Academy's 'Thank-Offering to Britain' senior research fellowship, 1997–1998
* Academician of the Academy of Learned Societies for the Social Sciences, 2001
* Listed by the American Economic Association in 2003 as one of the world's most cited economists
# Hexamethylphosphorous triamide

Hexamethylphosphorous triamide (HMPT) could be:
* Hexamethylphosphoramide
* Tris(dimethylamino)phosphine
# Heterachthes lemniscus

Heterachthes lemniscus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1970.
# Hiawatha, the Messiah of the Ojibway

Hiawatha, the Messiah of the Ojibway is a 1903 dramatic short film shot in Canada directed by the American pioneering cinematographer and director Joseph Rosenthal, based on the Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's famous poem, The Song of Hiawatha, made in Desbarats, Ontario, with a cast of Ojibway First Nations people. According to the Canadian Journal of Film Studies, it was the first dramatic narrative film to be shot in Canada.

## Production

Joseph Rosenthal was the director and cinematographer. E. Armstrong adapted Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem The Song of Hiawatha. Hiawatha was 15 minutes long using 800 feet of film. It is considered the first dramatic film in Canadian history. It was considerably longer than the usual productions of 1903, which rarely exceeded three minutes. The film's subtitle was The Passion Play of America and was largely a photographed stage play with Longfellow's words spoken in a natural surrounding. It is now a lost film and only a few pictures remain.
# Romanaria cedrana

Romanaria cedrana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is 26 mm.

## Etymology

The species name refers to El Cedro, the type locality.
# Ropica rivulosa

Ropica rivulosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1865.
# Ropica samoana

Ropica samoana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1939.
# Ropica quadricristata

Ropica quadricristata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1939. It is known from Malaysia.
# Ropica schurmanni

Ropica schurmanni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1983.
# Heuchera brevistaminea

Heuchera brevistaminea is a rare species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family known by the common name Laguna Mountains alumroot. It is endemic to the Laguna Mountains of San Diego County, California. It grows in rock crevices and steep cliffsides in chaparral and yellow pine forest habitats. This is a rhizomatous perennial herb producing an inflorescence up to 25 centimeters tall. The flowers are bright pink or magenta.
Ira L. Wiggins reported this species from the adjacent Sierra Juarez in Baja California, but there are no specimens to verify this claim.
# Higginson Island

Higginson Island is a small island in the Arafura Sea lying off the north-eastern coast of Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is one of the East Bremer Islets, lying to the north and east of the much larger Bremer Island.

## Birds

The island has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports globally significant numbers of bridled (up to 10,000 individuals) and roseate terns (up to 30,000). The 9 ha IBA includes the other East Bremer Islets where the roseate tern colony sometimes relocates, and where large numbers of bridled terns nest regularly. There are also up to 10,000 nesting crested terns and up to 300 nesting common noddies, for which the IBA is the only known breeding site in the Northern Territory, as well as some nesting silver gulls. Tern eggs are frequently harvested by the Aboriginal traditional owners of the islands.
# Herochroma elaearia

Herochroma elaearia is a moth of the family Geometridae, first described by George Hampson in 1903. It is found in Sikkim, India.
# Rosières-aux-Salines

Rosières-aux-Salines (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département in north-eastern France.
In the past, inhabitants of Rosières-aux-Salines were insultingly known by their neighbours as oua-oua (pronounced "wa-wa"), on account of a speech defect caused by a local thyroid condition, which was considered hilarious.
# Heterographa

Heterographa is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

## Species

* Heterographa fabrilis (Püngeler, 1909)
* Heterographa sibirica Staudinger, 1896
* Heterographa tetrastigma Brandt, 1941
* Heterographa thoenyi Ronkay, Varga & Gyulai, 2002
* Heterographa tumulorum Boursin, 1936
* Heterographa zelleri (Christoph, 1877)
# Heterogram

Heterogram may refer to:
* Heterogram (literature), a word, phrase, or sentence in which no letter of the alphabet occurs more than once
* Heterogram (linguistics), the use of a graph from a foreign language in a text as a logogram
# Hibberdiales

Hibberdiales is an order of Chrysophyceae (golden algae).
It includes Chromophyton, Hibberdia, and Lagynion.
# Hilden F.C.

Hilden Football and Athletic Club was an association football club from Lisburn in Northern Ireland.

## History

The earliest record for the club is its entry to the Irish Cup in 1885–86, losing its one fixture 4–1 to Hertford. The club was in essence the works side of the William Barbour & Sons linen factory.
Hilden's best run was to the semi-final in 1888–89, which featured its biggest Cup win (13–0 over Seapatrick) and, in the semi-final against Distillery, its biggest defeat (by the same score).
As semi-professionalism coalesced around a handful of clubs in Ireland, Hilden moved into junior football, its last Irish Cup tie being a 12–1 defeat at home to Ulster in 1890–91. Hilden's biggest success was winning the Irish Junior Cup in 1896–97, thanks to a 2–0 win over Dunmurry at Grosvenor Park, the goals coming from M'Intyre and Curry.
The club joined the Irish Alliance in 1917, but the club's last recorded fixtures were in the 1922–23 season, with a new football side, Hilden Recreation, emerging in the 1930s.

## Colours

The club wore amber and black striped shirts.

## Ground

The club's ground was on the edge of the company premises and called simply the Hilden Football Ground.
# Hildenbrand

Hildenbrand is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dave Hildenbrand (born 1973), Assistant minority leader of the Michigan Senate
* Hans Hildenbrand (1870–1957), German photographer from World War I
* Klaus-Peter Hildenbrand (born 1952), West German athlete
* Werner Hildenbrand (born 1936), German economist and mathematician
* Franz Xaver von Hildenbrand (1789–1849), Austrian physician and botanist
# Highway 80 (Israel)

Highway 80 is a north-south highway in southern Israel, east of Beersheba. It connects Ar'arat an-Naqab in the south to Metzadot Yehuda in the north. It is 34 km long.

## Junctions (South to North)

| District | Location | km | mi | Name | Destinations |
| Southern | Ar'ara BaNegev | 0 | 0.0 | צומת ערערה בנגב (Ar'ara BaNegev Junction) | Highway 25 |
| Southern | Tel Arad | 21 | 13 | צומת תל ערד (Tel Arad Junction) | Highway 31 |
| Southern | Beit Yatir | 34 | 21 | צומת עמשא (Amasa Junction) | Route 316 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||||
# Highway 80 (Jordan)

Highway 80 is a short East-West Highway in southern Jordan, built in the 1960s. It starts from Highway 15 and connects it to Aqaba, 13 km on the west where it ends on Highway 65.
# Qiziwan railway station

Qiziwan railway station is a railway station on the Hainan western ring high-speed railway located in Hainan, China.
| Preceding station | China Railway High-speed | China Railway High-speed | China Railway High-speed | Following station |
| Baimajingtowards Haikou | | Hainan western ring high-speed railway | | Dongfangtowards Sanya |
* This article about a railway station in Hainan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Pələkli

40°44′52″N 45°34′37″E﻿ / ﻿40.74778°N 45.57694°E﻿ / 40.74778; 45.57694
Pələkli (also, Palekli and Pelekli) is a village in the Tovuz Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Çatax.
# Qian Zhang

Qian Zhang (Chinese: 張黔) is a Chinese computer scientist, the Tencent Professor of Engineering and Chair Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. She was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for contributions to the mobility and spectrum management of wireless networks and mobile communications.
# Quarterflash (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Quarterflash is the debut album of American rock band Quarterflash. It was released in 1981 on Geffen Records and features the single, "Harden My Heart", which reached No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart. The follow-up single was "Find Another Fool", which reached No. 16 on the Hot 100. The album was certified platinum in the United States by the RIAA.

## Track listing

All songs written by Marv Ross except as noted.
* "Harden My Heart" – 3:51
* "Find Another Fool" – 4:32
* "Critical Times" (Jack Charles) – 5:06
* "Valerie" – 4:20
* "Try to Make It True" – 3:38
* "Right Kind of Love" – 3:49
* "Cruisin' With the Deuce" – 4:10
* "Love Should Be So Kind" – 3:10
* "Williams Avenue" – 7:57

## Personnel

* Rindy Ross – Vocals, saxophone
* Marv Ross – Guitars
* Jack Charles – Guitars, vocals
* Rick DiGiallonardo – Keyboards
* Rich Gooch – Bass
* Brian David Willis – Drums, percussion

### Additional personnel

* Paulinho da Costa – Percussion
* Bruce Sweetman – Violin
* John Boylan – Additional vocals
* Timothy B. Schmit – Additional vocals
* Mike Porcaro – Bass on "Williams Avenue"

## Production

* John Boylan – Producer
* Paul Grupp – Engineer
* Phil Jamtaas – Assistant Engineer
* Erik Zobler – Assistant Engineer

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1982) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 22 |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | 8 |

### Year-end charts

| Year End Chart (1982) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | 20 |

### Singles

| Year | Song | US | US Rock | US AC | AUS | CAN | UK |
| 1981 | "Harden My Heart" | 3 | 1 | 41 | 6 | 10 | 49 |
| 1982 | "Find Another Fool" | 16 | 12 | - | | 21 | - |
| 1982 | "Right Kind of Love" | 56 | - | - | | - | - |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 100,000$^^$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Qayen

Qayen can refer to:
* Qayen, Iran
* Ghayen County, Iran
* Saffron, produced in Qayen, Iran
* Cain, as depicted in Rastafarian translations of the Bible
# Quiina

Quiina is a genus of plant in family Ochnaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete):
* Quiina amazonica A.C.Sm.
* Quiina berryi J.V.Schneid. & Zizka
* Quiina blackii Pires
* Quiina brevensis Pires
* Quiina cidiana J.V.Schneid. & Zizka
* Quiina congesta R.S.Cowan
* Quiina cruegeriana Griseb.
* Quiina decaisneana Planch. & Triana
* Quiina duckei Pires
* Quiina florida Tul.
* Quiina gentryi J.V.Schneid. & Zizka
* Quiina glaziovii Engl.
* Quiina grandifolia Mildbr.
* Quiina guianensis Aubl.
* Quiina indigofera Sandwith
* Quiina integrifolia Pulle
* Quiina jamaicensis Griseb.
* Quiina juruana Ule
* Quiina klugii J.F.Macbr.
* Quiina lanceolata Dusén ex Ducke
* Quiina leptoclada Tul.
* Quiina longifolia Spruce ex Planch. & Triana
* Quiina macrophylla Tul.
* Quiina magallano-gomesii Schwacke
* Quiina maguirei Pires
* Quiina maracaensis J.V.Schneid. & Zizka
* Quiina negrensis A.C.Sm.
* Quiina obovata Tul.
* Quiina oiapocensis Pires
* Quiina paraensis Pires& Fróes
* Quiina parvifolia Lanj. & Heerdt
* Quiina piresii J.V.Schneid. & Zizka
* Quiina pteridophylla (Radlk.) Pires
* Quiina pubescens A.C.Sm.
* Quiina rhytidopus Tul.
* Quiina rigidifolia Pires
* Quiina sessilis Choisy, Planch. & Triana
* Quiina tessmannii Mildbr.
* Quiina tinifolia Planch. & Triana
* Quiina ulei Pulle
* Quiina wurdackii Pires
* Quiina yatuensis J.V.Schneid. & Zizka
* Quiina zamorensis J.V.Schneid. & Zizka
# Quantum electrochemistry

The scientific school of Quantum electrochemistry began to form in the 1960s under Revaz Dogonadze. Generally speaking, the field comprises the notions arising in electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, and electrochemistry; and so is studied by a very large array of different professional researchers. The fields they reside in include, chemical, electrical and mechanical engineering, chemistry and physics.
More specifically, quantum electrochemistry is the application of quantum mechanical tools such as density functional theory to the study of electrochemical processes, including electron transfer at electrodes. It also includes Marcus theory and quantum rate theory, the latter being a method of describing electrochemistry using first principle quantum mechanics and concepts of conductance quantum and quantum capacitance.

## History and contributors

The first development of "quantum electrochemistry" is somewhat difficult to pin down. This is not very surprising, since the development of quantum mechanics to chemistry can be summarized as the application of quantum wave theory models to atoms and molecules. This being the case, electrochemistry, which is particularly concerned with the electronic states of some particular system, is already, by its nature, tied into the quantum mechanical model of the electron in quantum chemistry. There were proponents of quantum electrochemistry, who applied quantum mechanics to electrochemistry with unusual zeal, clarity, and precision. Among them were Revaz Dogonadze and his co-workers. They developed one of the early quantum mechanical models for proton transfer reactions in chemical systems. Dogonadze is a particularly celebrated promoter of quantum electrochemistry and is also credited with forming an international summer school of quantum electrochemistry centered in Yugoslavia. He was the main author of the Quantum-Mechanical Theory of Kinetics of the Elementary Act of Chemical, Electrochemical and Biochemical Processes in Polar Liquids. Another important contributor is Rudolph A. Marcus, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1992 for his Theory of Electron Transfer Reactions in Chemical Systems. Recently, Marcus theory has been shown to be part of a more general concept associated with the quantum rate theory, a theory that predicts the rate of electron transfer (electrochemistry being a particular case) based on the uses of conductance quantum and quantum capacitance concepts.
# R612 road

R612 road may refer to:
* R612 road (Ireland)
* R612 (South Africa)
# R285 road (Ireland)

The R285 road is a regional road in Ireland linking the N4 at a point east of Boyle, County Roscommon to the R280 at Mountallen. The road lies entirely within County Roscommon.
En route it passes through Knockvicar and Keadue. The road is 16 km (9.9 mi) long.
# Raanes Peninsula

The Raanes Peninsula is located on the southwestern coast of Ellesmere Island, a part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. Axel Heiberg Island is approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) to the west.
# Raapenberg Bird Sanctuary

Raapenberg Bird Sanctuary is a 10-hectare (25-acre) protected area in Cape Town, located on the Liesbeek river near the suburb of Observatory.
The sanctuary consists of a section of the Liesbeek River, with parkland, trees, lawn and picnic sites. It is an important breeding site for a variety of water bird species, such as Sacred Ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus), Egyptian Geese (Alopochen aegyptiacus) and many duck species. However, the sanctuary is badly overgrown with alien invasive plants which damage the river system and its biodiversity. The river itself is polluted, but is being rehabilitated for recreational activities.
The area is intended to form part of the Two Rivers Urban Park (TRUP), which will include many surrounding areas to form a large, integrated natural area in Cape Town. It will centre on the meeting point of the Liesbeek and Black River and will include several Provincial Heritage Sites, such as:
* the South African Astronomical Observatory (1827),
* Valkenberg Homestead (1830)
* Valkenberg Hospital (1899)
* The Nieuwe Molen Windmill
* The Oude Molen Farmhouse complex
# Rabbit Island, Falkland Islands

Rabbit Island is one of the Falkland Islands in the Hummock Island group. It is near West Falkland, to its west, at the mouth of King George Bay. With a land area of 0.69 square miles (1.78 km$^2$) it is the second largest of the three main islands in the bay, lying 2.8 miles (4.5 km) west of Hummock Island and Middle Island. It is east of the Passage Islands and south east of Split Island.
On three sides the island is roughly rectangular, but there is a long promontory extending to the south-east. The island has very steep slopes up to 61 metres (200 ft) to the north and west, but it slopes gently to the east. The highest points are about 91 metres (299 ft). It was heavily grazed by sheep in the past and there is an old shanty in the valley. Rats have been confirmed on the island.
# Surendra Singh Jadawat

Surendra Singh Jadawat is an Indian politician and former Chairman of Rajasthan Heritage Conservation and Promotion Authority. He was a Minister of State in the Third Ashok Gehlot ministry. He has also represented Chittorgarh Assembly constituency in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly between 1998 and 2003 and 2008–2013. He is a member of All India Congress Committee.

## Political career

Jadawat started his political career in university politics as NSUI President in Chittorgarh. As a young man, he met Indira Gandhi during her visit to Chittorgarh in 1979, when he led a 100 bike escort for her caravan. He went on to become MLA from Chittorgarh for terms between 1998 and 2003 and 2008–2013. He also contested 2018 assembly elections.
He led efforts to raise awareness during the Covid pandemic. Jadawat called for a meeting with community representatives to bust myths around vaccination and promote the inoculation drive, and announced that every family that gets vaccinated will be eligible for a health insurance of Rs. 500,000 under the Chief Minister Chiranjeevi Health Insurance Scheme.
He accused the BJP of not thinking enough to carry out development work. He challenged the BJP legislators on the issue of development, noting that the issue of Chittorgarh medical college was put on the backburner by the previous BJP government. This was re-included in the budget by Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot, and the medical college has now reached the stage of inauguration.
At Abhaypur Ghat, Jadawat inaugurated projects worth 70 million. Several BJP members joined Congress in his presence, receiving the flag from the minister. Jadawat and Gehlot's schemes impacted 200,000 BJP workers in the Gram Panchayat of Abhaypur. Crores have been spent for development in villages, with more BJP members leaving for Congress.

### Chairman of RHCPA

In February 2022, Jadawat took charge as Chairman of Rajasthan Heritage Conservation and Promotion Authority (RHCPA). He was given the rank of Minister of State by the Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot.
Surendra Singh Jadawat has outlined his priorities which include completing ongoing projects, reviewing and implementing time-bound projects related to development works in forts and panoramas in Chittorgarh, Deshnok, Angad Baoji, and Maa Shabri, and ensuring dedicated officials are in place to expedite work.
Jadawat announced that the Bedchh Puliya bridge would be named after Baba Sahab on 14 April, and Congress is committed to working with all sections of society to ensure progress.
Jadawat discussed his aim of opening English medium schools in Chittorgarh's villages for children from rural areas. All schools will have renovated facilities & games. On the occasion, he approved Rs. 5 million for a playground in Chiksi from the Gram DFM fund.
In January 2023, Surendra Singh Jadawat announced a plan to build a panorama honoring Kesari Singh Barhath, approved by Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot with Rs. 40 million. A survey of the land with local authorities has been conducted to mark it, and work will begin soon.