OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lobsang Gyatso (monk)

Lobsang Gyatso (1928–1997) was a Tibetan monk who founded the Institute of Buddhist Dialectics in Delhi, India.

## Biography

Lobsang Gyatso was born in Tibet in the area of Kham in 1928. He became monk at the age of 11 and studied at Drepung monastery. During the 1959 Tibetan uprising he fled Tibet as part of the Tibetan Exile Community in India.
He founded in 1973 the Institute of Buddhist Dialectics in Dharamsala and in 1991 the College for Higher Tibetan Studies in Sarah, two non-profit educational institutions.
He is the author of several books in Tibetan that were translated in several languages.

## Death

On February 4, 1997, the principal of the Buddhist School of Dialectics, Geshe Lobsang Gyatso was murdered in Dharmasala, along with two of his students. David Kay notes "The subsequent investigation by the Indian police linked the murders to the Dorje Shugden faction of the exiled Tibetan community."
In June 2007, The Times reported that Interpol had issued a Red notice to China for extraditing two of the alleged killers, Lobsang Chodak and Tenzin Chozin.
Robert Thurman notes that the alleged killers had their origin within China as well.

### Relation to Shugden practitioners

Prithvi Raj (PR), Chief Police of Kangra District said: "We have identified two of the murderers, and we have clear indications that the murderers are directly linked to the Dorje Shugden association and directly connecting these murderers with the case. But so far we have not been able to arrest them. One is called Tenzin Chozin, the other is called Lobsang Chodrak. Before the murder, the principal received threatening letters from the Shugden association."

## Reincarnation

In 2006, a nine-year-old boy named Tulku Tsenyi Khentrul Tenzin Tseten Rinpoche was said to be the reincarnation of Lobsang Gyatso by the 14th Dalai Lama.

## Bibliography of Lobsang Gyatso

* The Four Noble Truths, Snow Lion Publications, 1994, ISBN 1-55939-027-1
* Bodhicitta: Cultivating the Compassionate Mind of Enlightenment, Snow Lion Publications, 1997, ISBN 1-55939-070-0
* Memoirs of a Tibetan Lama, Snow Lion Publications, 1998, ISBN 1-55939-097-2
* Harmony of Emptiness and Dependent-Arising, Paljor Publications, (LTWA) India, 1992, ISBN 81-85102-83-X
# Liyu Subdistrict

Liyu Subdistrict (Chinese: 栗雨街道; pinyin: Lìyǔ Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan province, China. As of 2020, it has ten residential neighborhoods under its administration:
* Liyu
* Nantang (南塘)
* Wangjiaping (王家坪)
* Zaoshi (凿石)
* Qiantang (浅塘)
* Yuetang (月塘)
* Zhonglu (中路)
* Yong'an Community (永安社区)
* Jingyuan Community (景园社区)
* Xiangwan Community (湘湾社区)
# Liyog River

The Liyog River is a river in the United States territory of Guam.
# Venduruthy Bridge

Venduruthy-Vikrant Bridge, also known as Venduruthy Bridge is a bridge in Kochi, Kerala, India. There are two bridges at present; one railway bridge and one road bridge, running parallel to each other, that connects the Ernakulam side of Kochi to the Willingdon Island. The old Venduruthy railway bridge was constructed in 1938 along with two parallel road bridges. The old railway bridge is one of the first bridges in India to be completely constructed from steel. It is a landmark in Kochi with historic significance as it played a major role in the transformation of Kochi into a major port city in India during the British era.
In 2005, a dredger hit the railway bridge which led to its closure. Following this incident, the construction of a new railway bridge started, which was opened in 2015. The old railway bridge was dismantled in March 2018. The new two-lane road bridge was opened in 2011, after the old road bridge was found to be too weak to carry heavy vehicles.

## History

The Venduruthy bridge was built under the supervision of the British engineer Robert Bristow. Plans to build bridges to connect Wellington Island with Ernakulam and Mattancherry began in 1935. According to Bristow, constructing the Vendurutti Bridge was an engineering challenge with no guarantee of success. Steel frames were imported from Britain to construct the bridge. Even at a depth of three hundred feet in the embankment there was no rock or solid surface in order to fasten the poles. The foundation was fixed by driving iron pipes into the mud and filling them with stone and gravel. The bridge was built at a time when iron and other metals were scarce. From Ernakulam railway station, the heavy iron was transported over land and backwaters to the bridge construction site. Rail transport to the Wellington Island became possible with the arrival of Venduruthy bridge. It was because of this bridge that the train reached the ship at Cochin port and loaded the goods. The construction of the bridge was completed in 1938 as per the records.
The old railway bridge was hit by the dredger Kamal 28 in 2004. After the impact, the speed of freight trains on the bridge was reduced. But on 24 February 2007, the same dredger hit the bridge again causing the rail traffic to be stopped completely. With the completion of the new railway bridge in 2015, the Indian railways planned to dismantle the old railway bridge. Despite protests being raised against the move to demolish the bridge without considering its historic significance, the Indian railways said that it is not practically possible to maintain the bridge. It was dismantled in March 2018.
# Vendetta (Dibdin novel)

Vendetta is a 1990 novel by Michael Dibdin, and is the second book in the popular Aurelio Zen series.
Zen has earned a return to the fold of actual police work, but now officials in a high government ministry are desperate to finger someone—anyone—for the murder of an eccentric billionaire, whose corrupt dealings have enriched some of the most exalted figures in Italian politics. However, Oscar Burolo's murder would seem to be not just unsolvable but impossible. The magnate was killed on a heavily fortified Sardinian estate, where every room was monitored by video cameras. Those cameras captured Burolo's grisly death, but not the face of his killer.
Zen grapples, in his idiosyncratic fashion, with this apparent "locked door" mystery by launching an ill-advised solo undercover investigation, amongst the fallout from which he is confronted by an almost forgotten face from the past, who now stalks him with vengeful intent.

## TV adaptation

The novel was adapted as the first episode of the BBC television series Zen, starring Rufus Sewell in the title role. It was aired in January 2011.
# Vaterland

Vaterland means "Fatherland" in German. It may also refer to:
* Vaterland, Norway, a neighborhood in Oslo
* The ocean liner SS Vaterland, later known as SS Leviathan
* Liechtensteiner Vaterland, largest daily newspaper in Liechtenstein
* Germany
* Das Vaterland, the Austrian Catholic newspaper founded by Leo von Thun-Hohenstein
# Verglas

Verglas may refer to:
* Verglas, a thin coating of glaze ice on rock
* Verglas Music, a record label that has released works such as Jabberwocky, a 1999 rock album
* Antoine Verglas (born 1962), a photographer
* Petit Verglas, a novel by Riad Sattouf, a French writer and cartoonist
# Vergisson

Vergisson (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## Wine

The vineyards of Vergisson form part of the appellation d'origine contrôlée Pouilly-Fuissé.

## Gallery

* View from Rock of Solutré.
* View from Rock of Vergisson.
* View from Menhir de Chancerons.
* Menhir de Chancerons.
* Église Saint-Martin.
* Église Saint-Martin (view N).
* Wayside cross (1855).
# Vercorin

Vercorin is a village in the Swiss Alps, located in the canton of Valais. The village is situated in the central part of the canton near Sierre, at a height of 1,320 metres (4,330 ft), on a plateau overlooking the Rhone valley. It belongs to the municipality of Chalais.
In winter Vercorin is a ski resort and includes 35 kilometres (22 mi) of prepared slopes on the Crêt du Midi.

## Transportation

In addition to daily bus service from Sion and Sierre, there is an aerial tramway (gondola lift) connecting the mountain village of Vercorin with Chalais which runs precisely every 15 minutes.
# Liñán

Liñán (Spanish pronunciation:) is a Spanish surname.
Notable people with this surname include:
* Álvaro de Maldonado y de Liñán (1890–1963), Spanish diplomat
* Amable Liñán (born 1934), Spanish engineer
* Emilio Sagi Liñán (1900-1951), Spanish footballer
* Felipe Liñán (born 1931), Mexican cyclist
* José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal (1858–1934), Spanish writer
* Melchor Liñán y Cisneros (1629-1708), Peruvian archbishop
# Lički Osik

Lički Osik is a village in Croatia situated 8 km north-east from Gospić. It is connected by the D25 highway.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the village of Lički Osik has 1914 inhabitants. This represents 66.34% of its pre-war population according to the 1991 census.
The 1991 census recorded that 54.42% of the village population were ethnic Serbs (1570/2885), 40.07% were Croats (1156/2885), 3.09% were Yugoslavs (89/2885) while 2.42% were of other ethnic origin (70/2885).
* v
    NOTE: The 1981 and 1991 figures include Budak population.

## Gallery

* Park and primary school in Lički Osik
* Roman Catholic church in Lički Osik
# Ličko Cerje

Licko Cerje is a village in the municipality of Lovinac, Lika-Senj County, Croatia. In the 2011 census, the population was 88, and there were 40 households in the village.

## Historical population

The population has changed over time:
* 1857: 963
* 1869: 1,053
* 1880: 689
* 1890: 811
* 1900: 801
* 1910: 640
* 1921: 644
* 1931: 633
* 1948: 596
* 1953: 565
* 1961: 502
* 1971: 409
* 1981: 287
* 1991: 196
* 2001: 117
* 2011: 88
# Verticordia subg. Chrysoma

Verticordia subg. Chrysoma is a botanical name for a grouping of similar plant species in the genus Verticordia.
This subgenus contains seven sections, classifying twenty one species, of Alex George's infrageneric arrangement. A number of similar anatomical features differentiate the contained species from the two other subgenera.
The name of this subgenus was first given by Schauer in 1840, likely derived from the Greek chryso- for golden, for the yellow flowered species. The revision of the genus by George devised a new section with this name - Verticordia sect. Chrysoma (Schauer) A.S.George - nominating Verticordia acerosa as the type species.
The leaves are often found to differ at the flowering branch and the base of the plant. They are long and thin, and flattened or needle-like. Small green structures in other Verticordia, found at the edge of the hypanthium, are absent in this taxon. The flowers become red or orange, in some of the contained taxa, but are otherwise yellow.
    Verticordia subg. Chrysoma
       Section Chrysoma
       Section Jugata
       Section Unguiculata
       Section Sigalantha
       Section Chrysorhoe
       Section Cooloomia
       Section Synandra
# Verticordia subulata

Verticordia subulata is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a woody shrub with pointed, linear leaves and in spring, heads of yellow flowers which turn red as they age.

## Description

Verticordia subulata is a shrub which grows to a height of 10–70 cm (4–30 in) and a width of 5–40 cm (2–20 in). There is usually a single branch at the base and no lignotuber. The leaves are linear in shape, pointed, 10–20 mm (0.4–0.8 in) long whilst those near the flowers are shorter.
The flowers are lightly scented and are arranged in corymb-like groups on erect stalks from 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long. The floral cup is top-shaped, about 1.5 mm (0.06 in) long, ribbed, slightly wary and glabrous. The sepals are yellow, turning deep red with age, about 3 mm (0.1 in) long, with 8 to 10 densely hairy lobes. The petals are a similar colour to the sepals, about 3 mm (0.1 in) long and have long, pointed, finger-like projections. The style is 0.5–1 mm (0.02–0.04 in) long, straight and glabrous. Flowering time is from September to October.

## Taxonomy and naming

Verticordia subulata was first formally described by Alex George in 1991 from specimens collected from the Stirling Range National Park by Alex and Elizabeth George. The description was published in Nuytsia. The specific epithet (subulata) is derived from the Latin word subula meaning "an awl" referring to the shape of the staminodes.
George placed this species in subgenus Chrysoma, section Chrysoma along with V. citrella, V. endlicheriana and V. acerosa.

## Distribution and habitat

This verticordia occurs in the area between the Beaufort River, Kalgan, Lake King and the Stirling Range National Park, in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows in clay and sand, sometimes over laterite soils, on flats and rises in heath, shrubland and open woodland.

## Conservation

Verticordia subulata is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.

## Use in horticulture

This ornamental shrub can be propagated from cuttings, provided they are taken from late in spring. It is slow growing and needs to be in well-drained soil in a sunny position to avoid fungal attack.
# Verden Er Vidunderlig

Verden er vidunderlig (English: The World is Wonderful) is the second album from the Danish pop and rock band TV-2. It was released in 1982 and is stylistically in line with the group's 1981 debut, Fantastiske Toyota. The album features New Wave inspired music with lyrics on technology and alienation. The sales were equal to those of the debut, reaching approximately 26,000 units sold.
# Recorded in Boston at Storyville

Recorded in Boston at Storyville (often simply called At Storyville) is a live album by the Gerry Mulligan Quartet from performances recorded at the Storyville nightclub in late 1956 and released by Pacific Jazz.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow called it "A fine all-round performance from this cool-toned bop unit".

## Track listing

All compositions by Gerry Mulligan except as indicated
* "Bweebida Bwobbida" - 6:38
* "The Birth of the Blues" (Ray Henderson, Lew Brown, Buddy DeSylva) - 4:36
* "Baubles, Bangles and Beads" (George Forrest, Robert Wright) - 3:27
* "Rustic Hop" (Bob Brookmeyer) - 4:50
* "Open Country" (Brookmeyer) - 5:43
* "Storyville Story" - 5:35
* "That Old Feeling" (Sammy Fain, Brown) - 4:06
* "Bike Up the Strand/Utter Chaos" - 6:20 Bonus tracks on CD reissue
* "Blues at the Roots" - 4:54
* "Ide's Side" - 5:10
* "I Can't Get Started" (Vernon Duke, Ira Gershwin) - 2:42
* "Frenesi" (Alberto Domínguez) - 4:25
* "Flash" - 2:43
* "Honeysuckle Rose" (Fats Waller, Andy Razaf) - 3:19
* "Limelight/Utter Chaos" - 4:42

## Personnel

* Gerry Mulligan – baritone saxophone, piano
* Bob Brookmeyer – valve trombone, piano
* Bill Crow – double bass
* Dave Bailey – drums
# Zaranoff

Zaranoff is a brand of vodka, sold mainly by ALDI in Germany, Belgium and Denmark. It is manufactured by a company called Rückforth GMBH in Rottenburg. When tested by Swedish authorities, while performing tests on illegally imported alcohol, Zaranoff proved to have a higher than stated content of alcohol, up to 55%-alc.
# Thurau

Thurau is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Björn Thurau (born 1988), German road racing cyclist
* Dietrich Thurau (born 1954), German road racing cyclist
* Friedrich Thurau (1843–1913), German entomologist
# Obereopsis modica

Obereopsis modica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1895.
# Seinsfeld

Seinsfeld is a municipality in the district of Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.
# Yiu Kit Ching

Christy Yiu Kit-Ching (Chinese: 姚潔貞 born 20 February 1988) is a long-distance runner from Hong Kong. She competed in the marathon event at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China and the 2016 Olympic Games.

## Career

Yiu finished 39th in the women's marathon at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, setting a new personal best and national record with a time of two hours 36 minutes and 11 seconds.
In 2020, she competed in the women's half marathon at the 2020 World Athletics Half Marathon Championships held in Gdynia, Poland.

## Personal bests

* 1500 metres – 4:32.63 min, 29 Jun 2014, Hong Kong (HKG)
* 3000 metres Steeplechase – 10:25.81 min, 9 Oct 2013, Tianjin (CHN) - HKR
* 5000 metres – 16:01.88 min, 7 May 2016, Nobeoka (JPN)
* 10,000 metres – 33:45.00 min, 16 July 2015, Abashiri (JPN)
* 10km – 33:48 min, 17 October 2020, Gdynia (POR) - HKR
* 15km – 51:06 min, 17 October 2020, Gdynia (POR) - HKR
* Half marathon – 1:12:10 hrs, 17 October 2020, Gdynia (POR) - HKR
* Marathon – 2:31:24 hrs, 6 May 2021, Milano (ITA) - HKR
# SBT

SBT may refer to:

## In entertainment and media

* Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão (Brazilian Television System), a Brazilian TV network
* South Bend Tribune newspaper, and its associated broadcast stations:
** WSBT (AM)
** WSBT-TV
* Sym-Bionic Titan, an American animated series created by Genndy Tartakovsky for Cartoon Network

## In science, technology, and medicine

* sbt (software), source build tool for the Scala programming language
* 2-sec-Butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole, a thiazoline ligand
* Small bowel transplantation, a transplant surgery
* Spontaneous breathing trial, abbreviation used in medical documents
* Session-based testing, a software test method combining accountability and exploratory testing

## Other uses

* Sabetta International Airport, IATA code SBT
* Scan-based trading, an inventory system
* Single-bullet theory, a theory on some aspects of John F. Kennedy's assassination
* Southern bluefin tuna, a species of tuna
* Special Boat Teams, a unit under U.S. Naval Special Warfare Command
* Staffordshire Bull Terrier, a breed of dog
* State Bank of Travancore, a bank in India
* Swedish Bikini Team, a group of American female models
* Sweetened beverage tax
# Helga Pogatschar

Helga Pogatschar (born 1966) is a German composer.
She was born in Munich and studied piano and film composition at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater there. She spent one year at the college of music in Gothenburg, Sweden, to study electro-acoustic composition. Afterwards she was a lecturer at the colleges of music in Munich and Hamburg. She was awarded the project scholarship for contemporary music and media, as well as the music award of the City of Munich.
She conceived and realized numerous own music theatre projects combining contemporary music with electronics, dance, video and performance elements. In parallel her works „Mars - ein Requiem“, „Titus Trash Tatar“ and „Inanna“ were published on CD by Chrom Records. She also composed the music for various radio plays which were recorded on CD together with the radio channels ‘Bayern2 radio play & media art’ and ‘Bayern4 classics’ of the Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR).
Helga Pogatschar is a member of the theatre jury of the City of Munich. Apart from various commissions she is strongly engaged in the musical adaptation of stories and books for children.
# Henry B. Goodwin

Henry Buergel Goodwin (February 20, 1878 – September 11, 1931) was a German-born Swedish photographer and linguist.
Goodwin was born in Munich, Germany, as Heinrich Karl Hugo Bürgel. His father Hugo Bürgel (1853–1903) was a landscape painter. He studied Nordic languages at the University of Leipzig, graduating in 1903 with a Ph.D. thesis on the Icelandic manuscript Konungsannáll. Annales Islandorum Regii. While in Leipzig, he also learned to photograph in the studio of Nicola Perscheid.
In 1903, he married Hildegard Gassner, and the following year, they moved to Uppsala in Sweden, where Goodwin held a position as lecturer in German at Uppsala University from 1906 until 1909. With his move to Sweden, where he was naturalised in 1908, he also began to anglicise his name: he first added the "Goodwin" surname and omitted the Umlaut, changing "Bürgel" to "Buergel", and in 1907, he changed "Heinrich" to "Henry" and henceforth went by the name "Henry B. Goodwin". In 1909, he was divorced from Hildegard, who would move back to Germany with their three children three years later. Only a short time later, Goodwin wed Ida Helander, née Engelke (1874–1963), a teacher from Stockholm.
When his academic career did not really advance, Goodwin began concentrating more on photography. In 1913 he organised a photography course given by Nicola Perscheid, and from 1916 on, he worked as a professional photographer with his own studio. Goodwin became known as Sweden's foremost pictorialist photographer, and his works were exhibited and acclaimed internationally.
# Henry's Turkey Service

Henry's Turkey Service also known as Hill County Farms was a supplier of workers for poultry processors that hired workers with intellectual disabilities and had them work unreported employment for room and board below minimum wage. This was in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act. The company is headquartered in Goldthwaite, Texas and the violations occurred in West Liberty, Iowa and Atalissa, Iowa. The case was made into a documentary The Men of Atalissa.
# Sparganium acaule

Sparganium acaule is a perennial plant found in the United States of America and Canada. This taxon was included within Sparganium emersum by Cook and Nicholls (1986) but was recently resurrected as a distinct species.
# Sparganium angustifolium

Sparganium angustifolium is a species of flowering plant in the cat-tail family known by the common names floating bur-reed and narrowleaf bur-reed. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northern latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. It is an aquatic plant, growing in water up to 2.5 meters deep. Its habitat includes acidic, low-nutrient freshwater bodies such as ponds, lakes, slow-moving streams, and ditches. It can become abundant, practically covering the surface of the water. It is a perennial herb producing a floating stem with long, narrow, flattened leaves which can be quite long, sometimes reaching over two meters. It is monoecious, individual plants bearing both male and female inflorescences. These are spherical, the male inflorescence a ball of stamens and the female inflorescence a ball of developing fruits.
# Sparganium natans

Sparganium natans is a species of bur-reed known by the common names least bur-reed and small bur-reed. It is a water circumboreal plant inhabiting North America, Europe, West Asia and Japan. It is usually found submersed in shallow, calm water. This bur-reed has thin, flexible, grasslike leaves which float in the water. Plants that spend more time out of water at the waterline are tougher and have shorter leaves. The plant bears two inflorescences, the staminate type being a rounded white filamentous ball and the pistillate type a sphere of thick, green, pointy peduncles. The fruits are small green or brown achenes.