OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Staatsmijn Maurits

Staatsmijn Maurits was a state-owned coal mine in Geleen, Netherlands. In 1911 the Dutch Government bought the concessions "Maasvelden". In 1912 and 1913 drillings were carried out by the Internationale Bohrgesellschaft Erkelenz in the areas west of the Staatsmijn Emma and Staatsmijn Hendrik concessions. Drillings were made at the towns of Geleen-Lutterade, Krawinkel and Schinnen. Additional shallow drillings were made near Urmond.
In 1915 it was decided to position the mine at Lutterade, Geleen. Railways were constructed for connection with the railway Sittard-Maastricht. In 1916 it was decided to name this 4th State Mine "Maurits", after 17th century stadtholder Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange.
In 1916, construction of the shafts was begun and the mine was taken in production in 1926. In 1947 the mine was connected to the Emma Mine by a 13 km straight tunnel. In the second half of the 1940s and in the 1950s the mine was expanded, and mining reached a depth of 810 m. A third shaft was completed in 1958. At the time of completion of the third shaft, the Maurits mine was the largest two-shafts mine in the world. It was the largest coal mine in the Netherlands. When in the beginning of the 1960s the economic tide for coal mining turned, it was already anticipated to close the Maurits as one of the first mines. The mine was finally closed down in 1967. The surface facilities were afterwards demolished.
Directly adjacent to the mine site, DSM had already decades before started with cokes production and gasproduction. The "Stikstof Bindingsbedrijf" (SBB - or "nitrogen bonding plant") became the locus for the next step in the history of DSM: it became (and still is) a large chemicals company.
# St. John's Lutheran Church (Walhalla, South Carolina)

St. John's Lutheran Church, also known as St. John's German Evangelical Church of Walhalla, is a historic church at 301 W. Main Street in Walhalla, South Carolina. There is a preschool run by the church.

## History

The church was constructed by The German Evangelical Lutheran Congregation to address the inconvenience faced by many Walhalla residents in reaching the nearest church, which was located at a considerable distance. The planning for the church began in 1858, coinciding with the congregation's decision to allow sermons in English. Ground clearing commenced in early 1859, and construction was completed in 1861. However, the onset of the Civil War presented challenges for the church's management, as a significant portion of the congregation was involved in the Confederate Army. Once they came back, the church faced financial issues due to the prevalence of Confederate notes and other useless forms of paper money in the treasury, though this improved through slight ways. In the later 1860s, a bell was added to the church and kerosene lights replaced candles. Eventually, the bell came out of use, presumably before the replacement of the Town Clock and its pairing bell in 1888. This bell is still in use, shaking the building when it sounds. The original plain glass windows were replaced with stained glass in 1910. Until the 1960s, a major source of lighting for the church was a chandelier, now in the foyer of the parish house. The modern Parish House, Church Office, and Fellowship Hall were built from 1969–1971. The Sunday School Building was renovated in 1973–1974. In 1980, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
# St George, Conwy

St George (Welsh: Llansansior, sometimes Llan San(t) Siôr or Llan Sain Siôr) is a small village in the county borough of Conwy, Wales and is close to the coastal town of Abergele, and in the community of. in 1873, the townships of Cegidog Isaf, Cegidog Uchaf, Meifod and Dinorben was annexed within a new parish known today as 'St George'. Nearby is the hamlet of Bodtegwel. The population of the area in 2011 was 332.
Historically part of Denbighshire, St George has been part of the County Borough of Conwy since local government reorganisation in 1996.

## Amenities

Within the village are a parish church, the Kinmel Arms public house, and a primary school. The Kinmel Hall estate is also nearby, as is a private day nursery.
There was also an undocumented railway station at St George near Barrow Hill. It was on the now defunct Kinmel Park Railway and branched off near St George Quarry a terminus at Faenol Bach. It closed along with the railway in the 1960s. Nothing remains and the trackbed is now in use for a paint ball company.
# Waterloo CSD

Waterloo CSD may refer to:
* Waterloo Community School District (Iowa)
* Waterloo Central School District (New York)
# Stacey Tappan

Stacey Tappan (born June 13, 1973) is an American coloratura soprano.
Tappan was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and grew up in Pasadena, California. Both her parents are instrumental musicians.
She studied in the voice program at Chapman University (1991–1995) in Orange, California, the Manhattan School of Music (1995–1997), and Juilliard (1997–1999) in New York City. While at the Manhattan School and Juilliard, she studied with Cynthia Hoffmann. Tappan continued her professional training in the Young Artist Program at Santa Fe Opera (1997), the University of Miami in Salzburg program (1998), the Young Artist Program at Opera Theatre of Saint Louis (1999), Wolf Trap Opera Company (2000), and the Lyric Opera Center for American Artists (2001–2003) in Chicago.
She has sung as a soloist with The Metropolitan Opera, Chicago Lyric Opera, Houston Grand Opera, Bangkok Opera, Opera Theatre of Saint Louis, Wolf Trap Opera Company, Glimmerglass Opera, Glyndebourne Opera Festival, and many regional opera houses. She notably portrayed the role of Beth in the Houston Grand Opera's production of Mark Adamo's Little Women which was broadcast on PBS's Great Performances in 2001.

## Partial discography

* Little Women: An Opera in Two Acts Ondine 2001

## External references

* Stacey Tappan's website
* Lyric Opera Center for American Artists
* St. Louis Opera Theater
* Glimmerglass Opera
* This article about an American opera singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Stanhopea radiosa

Stanhopea radiosa is a species of orchid endemic to western Mexico (to Durango).
# Mount Baume

Mount Baume (54°39′S 36°13′W﻿ / ﻿54.650°S 36.217°W﻿ / -54.650; -36.217) is a mountain, 1,910 metres (6,270 ft) high, rising midway along the north flank of Novosilski Glacier near the southeast end of South Georgia. It was surveyed by the South Georgia Survey (SGS) in the period 1951–57 and named for Louis C. Baume, a member of the SGS in 1955–56. The first ascent was made on 27 September 2016 by Caradoc Jones, Skip Novak, Simon Richardson and Stephen Venables.
# Summerfield, Birmingham

Summerfield is an area of Birmingham, England, two miles west of the city centre. It is also the name of an ecclesiastical parish. The area takes its name from Summerfield House, owned by members of the Chance family, local industrialists. Neighbouring areas are Cape Hill, Edgbaston, Ladywood, Rotton Park and Winson Green. Edgbaston Reservoir is immediately to the south.

## Summerfield Park

Summerfield House and grounds were acquired by Birmingham Corporation, who laid out a public park, which was opened on 29 July 1876 by the Mayor of Birmingham, Alderman George Baker. The park, originally of 12 acres (4.9 ha) was increased in size in 1890 and 1892, but the house had been demolished by 1894. Summerfield was the sixth municipal park opened in Birmingham after Adderley Park, Calthorpe Park, Aston Park, Cannon Hill Park and Highgate Park. From 1968 to 1970 the park was the venue for an annual one day international jazz festival organised by the city council. Musicians appearing included bands led by Chris Barber, Humphrey Lyttleton and Monty Sunshine. The park hosted council run Guy Fawkes night bonfire and fireworks 'carnivals' from 1961 until the early 1980s. Summerfield Park has an area of 25 acres (10 ha) and features a bandstand built in 1907. The former Summerfield police station on Dudley Road stands beside the park.

## Governance

Summerfield forms part of North Edgbaston ward for elections to Birmingham city council.

## Roads and rail

Major roads in the area include Dudley Road, City Road (part of the city's ring road, the A4040), Rotton Park Road, and Icknield Port Road. Gillott Road is named after industrialist and pen maker Joseph Gillott, who built houses in the area.
The area was formerly served by Icknield Port Road railway station and Rotton Park Road railway station, on the London and North Western Railway's Harborne branch line, but the stations closed in 1931 and 1934 respectively. The trackbed now forms part of the Harborne Walkway.

## Listed buildings

Opposite Summerfield Park on Dudley Road stands the grade II* listed former board school built in 1878 and designed by Martin & Chamberlain in their 'house' style. It could accommodate up to a total of 1,220 boys, girls and infants. The tower was for ventilation. The school closed in 1979, after 101 years and pupils moved to a new site. Since then, the buildings have been put to use for a community centre.
The parish church, Christ Church, is Grade II listed.
# Mădălina Amăistroaie

Mădălina Ștefania Amăistroaie (born 9 December 2002) is a Romanian archer. She competed in the women's individual event at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2024 Summer Olympics.
She next competed in the 2024 Paris Olympics on 30 July 2024, and in the first knockout round defeated Mikaella Moshe of Israel, and in the next round defeated former World Games champion Chiara Rebagliati of Italy, before in the next round losing to Nam Su-hyeon of South Korea, who went on to win the silver medal.
# SWFU

SWFU may refer to:
* Service & Food Workers Union Nga Ringa Tota (SFWU) is a trade union in New Zealand
* Seychelles Federation of Workers' Unions (SFWU) is a national trade union center in Seychelles
* Southwest Forestry University, in Kunming, Yunnan, China
* Star Wars: The Force Unleashed, video game published by LucasArts
# Scarlino Scalo

Scarlino Scalo is a town in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Scarlino, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 1,230.
Scarlino Scalo is about 39 km from Grosseto and 6 km from Scarlino, and it is situated in a plain at the bottom of the hill of Scarlino, near to the Aurelia Statal Road and along the Tirrenica railway line, which links Livorno and Pisa with Grosseto and Rome.

## Main sights

* Madonna delle Grazie, main parish church of the town, it was built in 1984.
* Palazzo Guelfi, former house of Angiolo Guelfi, it is now an Italian National Monument because it became shelter of national hero Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1849.
# Walford's County Families

Walford's County Families is the short title of a work, partly social register, partly "Who's Who", which was produced in Britain in the 19th and 20th centuries, initially under the editorship of Edward Walford. It served as a guide or handbook to the British upper classes and landed gentry (in this case referred to in the title under the term, county families, for which see county family). The title of the annual volumes making up the series varied, and they are sometimes referred to simply as Walford or Walford's. According to the British Library catalogue, they were published from 1860 to 1920.
The work's coverage encompassed many of the most important rich, aristocratic or politically powerful of the people of the period. On the other hand, a sarcastic review in The Spectator in 1868 related that "Mr. Walford ... knows his countrymen, and has compiled a book, which, it is clear, they buy, a directory of all Englishmen distinguished for anything except knowledge, wisdom, or service to mankind." Discussing the "county family" concept, it went on to say that Walford had "included in a vast list of some twelve thousand persons every family living outside a town, and having any sort of claim ... to be considered distinguished."

## Editions

| Date of publication | Edition number | Links and comments |
| 1860 | 1 | Internet Archive Internet Archive Google Books Media in Commons category |
| 1864 | 2 | Google Books |
| 1865 | 3 | Internet Archive |
| 1868 | 4 | Internet Archive, part 1 Internet Archive, part 2 |
| 1869 | 5 | Google Books |
| 1871 | 6 | Internet Archive Hathi Trust |
| 1873 | 13 | Internet Archive |
| 1875 | 15 | Hathi Trust |
| 1876 | 16 | Internet Archive |
| 1886 | 26 | Hathi Trust |
| 1887 | 29 | Internet Archive |
| 1892 | 32 | Internet Archive, part 1 Internet Archive, part 2 |
| 1908 | 48 | Internet Archive |
| 1909 | 49 | Internet Archive |
| 1910 | | Internet Archive |
| 1919 | 59 | Internet Archive |
# Tennis at the 1991 Pan American Games

Seven tennis events were held at the 1991 Pan American Games in Havana, Cuba, including a team event for the first time.

## Medalists
### By Country

(Host nation in bold.)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | United States (USA) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 2 | Brazil (BRA) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
| 3 | Mexico (MEX) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | Puerto Rico (PUR) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 5 | Dominican Republic (DOM) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Venezuela (VEN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Cuba (CUB) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 8 | Chile (CHI) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 9 | Peru (PER) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (9 entries) | Totals (9 entries) | 7 | 7 | 14 | 28 |

### Men's singles

| Gold: | Luis-Enrique Herrera |
| Silver: | David DiLucia |
| Bronze: | Marcelo Saliola |
| Bronze: | Juan Pino |

### Women's singles

| Gold: | Pam Shriver |
| Silver: | Joelle Schad |
| Bronze: | Andrea Vieira |
| Bronze: | Claudia Chabalgoity |

### Men's doubles

| Gold: | Miguel Nido & Joey Rive |
| Silver: | Agustín Moreno & Fernando Pérez Pascal |
| Bronze: | Juan Pino & Mario Tabares |
| Bronze: | Patrick Baumeler & Américo Venero |

### Women's doubles

| Gold: | Donna Faber & Pam Shriver |
| Silver: | Andrea Vieira & Cláudia Chabalgoity |
| Bronze: | |
| Bronze: | |

### Mixed doubles

| Gold: | David DiLucia & Pam Shriver |
| Silver: | William Kyriakos & Cláudia Chabalgoity |
| Bronze: | Rafael Moreno & Joelle Schad |
| Bronze: | Jaime Frontera & Emilie Viqueira |

### Men's team

| Gold: | Brazil |
| Silver: | Puerto Rico |
| Bronze: | Chile |
| Bronze: | Cuba |

### Women's team

| Gold: | Brazil |
| Silver: | Venezuela |
| Bronze: | Chile |
| Bronze: | Cuba |
# Körtánc

Körtánc is a style of Hungarian folk dance which originated in Nyitra County, now in Slovakia. It is a circle dance in $^4$ $_4$ time.
# Tenthredininae

Tenthredininae is a subfamily of sawflies within the family Tenthredinidae, the largest sawfly family. It consists of 28 genera, including the type genus Tenthredo. It also includes most of the larger and more colourful members of the family.

## Distribution

The subfamily is distributed across the Northern Hemisphere and holarctic.

## Taxonomy

The subfamily is divided into seven tribes. An eighth tribe, Sioblini, containing Conaspidia and Siobla has been elevated to subfamily status as Sioblinae.
* Cromaphya Rohwer, 1921
* Lagidina Malaise, 1945
* Ussurinus Malaise, 1931
* †Nortonella Rohwer, 1908
* †Sambia Vilhelmsen & Engel, 2012
* †Taeniurites Cockerell, 1917
* †Tenthredoides J. Zhang, 1989

### Tribe Beldoneini Wei, 1997

* Beldonea Cameron, 1899

### Tribe Macrophyini Benson, 1946

* Deda Gibson, 1980
* Macrophya Dahlbom, 1835
* Pachyprotasis Hartig, 1837

### Tribe Neocolochelynini Wei & Nie, 1998

* Colochela Malaise,1937
* Colochelyna Konow, 1898
* Neocolochelyna Malaise, 1937
* Neocorymbas Saini et al., 1985

### Tribe Perineurini Rohwer, 1911

* Leucopelmonus MacGillivray, 1916
* Perineura Rohwer, 1911

### Tribe Sciapterygini Benson, 1946

* Filacus Smith & Gibson, 1984
* Sciapteryx Stephens, 1835
* Tianmuthredo Wei, 1997
* Zaschizonyx Ashmead, 1898
* †Renothredo Wei, 1998

### Tribe Tenthredinini Latreille, 1802

* Lagium Konow, 1904
* Rhogogaster Konow, 1884
* Tenthredo Linnaeus, 1758
* Tyloceridius Malaise, 1945

### Tribe Tenthredopsini Benson, 1946

* Aglaostigma Kirby, 1882
* Tenthredopsis Costa, 1859
# Walter Quakernack

Walter Konrad Quakernack (9 July 1907 – 11 October 1946) was a German Oberscharführer in the SS during the Nazi era. His SS membership number was 125266. He was tried for war crimes at the second Belsen Trial and executed. Quakernack is mentioned several times in the account of Filip Müller, who worked in a Sonderkommando at Auschwitz and was an eyewitness.

## SS career

Quakernack was born in Bielefeld, Germany. He served as a secretary in the Politische Abteilung at Auschwitz concentration camp beginning in June 1940, where he participated in mass murders using the Genickschuss method of firing one bullet into the back of the neck, established by SS-Untersturmführer Maximilian Grabner.
Quakernack worked as a team leader in the crematorium at Auschwitz and participated in the gassing of Soviet POWs at the end of 1941. In September 1942, he was promoted to Oberscharführer and awarded the Kriegsverdienstkreuz (War Merit Cross), in September 1943. He was further promoted camp commandant in April 1944 at Arbeitslager Laurahütte, a subcamp of Auschwitz in Siemianowice Śląskie. He also worked at Auschwitz III, known as Monowitz. During his time in Auschwitz, he was known to personally kill prisoners by having them led to a big warehouse, which Quackernack would then also enter under the influence of alcohol. He would then use an MP 40 machine pistol and fire at the prisoners until they were all dead. Former member of a Sonderkommando unit, who were tasked with removing the bodies on trucks and taking them to the crematorium, recalled that Quackernack stood in the middle of the warehouse, surrounded by dead bodies, holding a smoking gun, with his uniform entirely red from blood and laughing loudly. Quackernack was often drunk, which led to numerous outbursts of anger.
On 23 January 1945 he accompanied a death march of 500 prisoners from Auschwitz to the Hanover-Mühlenberg concentration camp [de] arriving around 3 February 1945. On 8 April 1945 he was part of a death march evacuation from Mühlenberg to Bergen-Belsen.

## Trial and execution

Quakernack was arrested by Allied forces and held at Celle and Lüneburg. He was sentenced to death at the second Belsen Trial in June 1946. He was hanged on 11 October 1946.
# Wally Oakes

Wallace Arnold Oakes GC (23 April 1932 – 12 June 1965), known as Wally Oakes, was an engine driver with British Railways who was born in Barbridge, Cheshire and lived at Wheelock Heath, Sandbach, Cheshire.

## 1965 train accident

On 5 June 1965, he was the driver in charge of a relief train when, about seven miles from Crewe, the fire suddenly blew back from the firebox of a BR Standard Class 7 steam locomotive No. 70051 Firth Of Forth, filling the cab with smoke and flames. Fireman Gwilym Roberts managed to climb out of the cab window and extinguish his clothing by rubbing against the plating, but Oakes stayed at the footplate to close the regulator, open the blower and apply the brake.
Roberts found his mate lying on the embankment next to the train, badly burned, but evidently having remained in the cab until the train stopped. Oakes suffered burns to approximately 80% of his body. The pain was such that he had to be suspended above his hospital bed and given large doses of morphine. A week after the accident, he died from his injuries.
Oakes was buried in an unmarked grave at St Matthew's Church, Haslington, Cheshire. On 1 February 2018, a headstone was dedicated. It had been paid for by a group of railwaymen and donors to an appeal launched by Heritage Railway magazine.

## Awards

For his gallantry in ensuring the safety of his passengers, Oakes was posthumously awarded the George Cross on 19 October 1965.
In February 1966 Oakes was also awarded a bronze Carnegie Hero Medal.
On 19 February 1981, Class 86 electric locomotive no. 86260 was named Driver Wallace Oakes GC. A memorial plaque in the offices above Crewe station reads:
IN COMMEMORATION OF DRIVER W A OAKES, AGED 33 YRS,
WHO THROUGH DEVOTION TO DUTY RECEIVED FATAL BURNS AT WINSFORD WHILST WORKING THE 2/5 PM EXPRESS CREWE TO CARLISLE ENGINE No 70051 DATE 5th JUNE 1965 FROM HIS FELLOW WORKMATES CREWE MOTIVE POWER DEPT.
In September 2017, the National Railway Museum purchased Oakes's George Cross at auction for £60,000. It is displayed at the museum.
# Tendon reflex

Tendon reflex (or T-reflex) may refer to:
       The term "deep tendon reflex", if it refers to the muscle stretch reflex, is a misnomer. "Tendons have little to do with the response, other than being responsible for mechanically transmitting the sudden stretch from the reflex hammer to the muscle spindle. In addition, some muscles with stretch reflexes have no tendons (e.g., "jaw jerk" of the masseter muscle)".

## Testing

As wrongfully referring to a muscle stretch reflex, to test the reflex, tap on the tendon. In a healthy individual the intensity on both sides is equal. This means that the connections between the spinal cord and the muscles are undamaged.
Main spinal nerve roots involved:
* Biceps (C5, C6)
* Brachioradialis (C6)
* Triceps (C7)
* Patellar (L4)
* Achilles tendon (S1)

## Functions of Golgi tendon reflex

The Golgi tendon reflex is a response to extensive tension on a tendon. It helps avoid strong muscle contractions which could tear the tendon from either the muscle or bone. In sports, quick movements can damage the tendon before the reflex can occur. The tendon reflex also helps spread the workload more evenly over the entire muscle by preventing "muscle fibers connected with overstimulated tendon organs so that their contraction is more comparable to the contraction of the rest of the muscle."
# LPH

LPH may refer to
* La Palma Intercommunity Hospital, in La Palma, California.
* A US Navy hull classification symbol: Landing platform helicopter (LPH)
* Left posterior hemiblock, a cardiovascular disease
* Liberal Party of Honduras
* β-lipotropin, a hormone
* Ankh wedja seneb, often abbreviated as L.P.H. in Egyptological translation
* Locality-preserving hashing
* Los Pollos Hermanos, a fictional fast-food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken operating across the southwestern United States in the AMC crime dramas, Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul
* Low pressure hydrocephalus
# Wan Zhexian

Wan Zhexian (Chinese: 万哲先; 7 November 1927 – 30 May 2023) was a Chinese mathematician, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

## Biography

Wan was born in Zichuan (now Zichuan District of Zibo), Shandong, on 7 November 1927, while his ancestral home is in Xiantao, Hubei. He attended Zhangdian Primary School (张店小学).
Wan was admitted to the Mathematics Department of National South-West Associated University in 1944. He graduated from Tsinghua University in 1948 and taught there after graduation. In 1950, he was transferred to the Institute of Systems science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, where he successively worked as an assistant, assistant researcher, associate researcher, and researcher. In the same year, he studied classical group under the guidance of Professor Hua Luogeng, and co-wrote "Classical Group" with Hua Luogeng in 1963.
Wan joined the China Association for Promoting Democracy in 1953 and the Chinese Communist Party in 1985.
On 30 May 2023, he died of an illness in Beijing, aged 95.

## Honours and awards

* 1987 State Natural Science Award (Third Class) for the isomorphism theory of Classical Group
* 1991 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
* 1995 2nd Hua Luogeng Mathematics Prize