OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reykjavík Green Days

The Reykjavík Green Days is an annual event which takes place in Reykjavík, Iceland. This event was founded by a group of students at the University of Iceland in the Environmental and Natural resources program.
"Gaia", as the group is known, aims to raise awareness and stimulate citizens, businesses, non-governmental organizations, local authorities and other urban actors to improve the environment's quality by implementing changes in behavior.
It's considered by the Reykjavík town Council an environmental education initiative that encourages all stakeholders to take steps towards becoming more environmentally responsible.
The initiate has been organized by the SEED Iceland association in collaboration with other minor local institutions. The staff has been made up of people with 9 nationalities and so the event has been a relevant tourist attraction. The most important happening of the 2009 edition was the Reykjavík critical mass, which was actually the first one in Iceland.
# Pillar Point (Hong Kong)

Pillar Point, also known in Chinese as Mong Hau Shek (Chinese: 望后石; lit. 'Peeking Rock for queen'), is a coastal area of Tuen Mun Town (Tuen Mun), Tuen Mun District, in the New Territories, Hong Kong.
Pillar Point is located west of the Butterfly Bay (蝴蝶灣), south of the hill Castle Peak, east of Tap Shek Kok (踏石角) and north of Urmston Road.

## History

Pillar Point was the site of the Pillar Point Vietnamese Refugees Centre (PPVRC), the last Vietnamese refugee camp in activity in Hong Kong. It closed on 31 May 2000.
# Ragamuffin 100

Ragamuffin 100 (formerly Loyal, Maximus) is a 100 ft maxi yacht which was built by TP Cookson for Charles St. Clair Brown; The boat was designed by Greg Elliott and Clay Oliver and launched in Auckland in February 2005.
Her carbonfiber design has a very high power-to-weight ratio, she is rigged with a carbonfiber rotating mast and has a canting keel. Due to the unprecedented performance of the boat when built, the design includes several safety features including crash bars and a high deck sides to reduce high-speed deck wash. She can function without any auxiliary power.

## Career
### Maximus

Maximus won the Grand Prix division top prize on the Rolex Transatalatic Challenge after a dramatic battle against Mari-Cha IV another Greg Elliott designed racing yacht. While Mari-Cha IV took line honours, Maximus made it an exceptionally close race, especially considering it is 40 ft shorter than Mari-Cha IV.
After the Transatlantic crossing Maximus stayed for the 2005 summer sailing season in the UK during which she was sponsored by ICAP. She won line honours in the Fastnet Race with a time of 68 hours 2 minutes 7 seconds, though Iromiguy won on corrected time. Despite the very calm conditions, her tall rotating rigging allowed higher wind speeds some distance above the water's surface to be accessible, giving her an advantage over rivals.
ICAP sponsored Maximus again for the 2006 season.

### Investec LOYAL

Maximus was put up for sale in 2006 for $6,152,355. She was acquired by accountant Anthony Bell and renamed Investec LOYAL. In a performance described as "off the pace" by Bell, she finished fourth in the 2009 Sydney to Hobart Race. However, she came second to Wild Oats XI in 2010. She underwent modifications by designer Greg Elliott and then went on to beat Wild Oats XI to claim line honours in the 2011 Sydney to Hobart in a very close race.

### Ragamuffin Loyal

The boat was purchased in 2012 by veteran skipper Syd Fischer to become the latest version of Fischer's Ragamuffin named yachts. Ragamuffin Loyal finished second in line honors to Wild Oats XI in the 2012 Sydney to Hobart. In 2013 she was renamed Ragamuffin 100.

### Ragamuffin 100

Ragamuffin 100 finished third in the 2013 Sydney to Hobart behind Wild Oats XI and Perpetual Loyal. After the race, Ragamuffin 100 underwent a major refit, the deck was cut off the hull, and a new hull with a wider chined stern section among other changes was put in its place. The yacht finished third in the 2014 Sydney to Hobart behind Wild Oats XI and Jim Clark's Comanche. Perpetual Loyal was forced to retire after sustaining hull damage. In the 2015 Sydney-Hobart she again finished second across the line, some 11 hours behind Comanche. All three of the lead boats suffered some damage.

### Scallywag

Ragamuffin 100 was then bought by Seng Huang Lee in 2016 and renamed her Scallywag.
# Kallur Vadakkummuri

Kallur Vadakkummuri is a village in Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Kallur Vadakkummuri had a population of 23488 with 11480 males and 12008 females. Schools:Saraswathy Vilasam LPSchool, Annanadu may be the oldest in this village. It is a small, aided, single management school with 8 divisions. Present Manager is Sri. Sasi Chankramath.Smt.Mini.V.P.is the present headmistress. Nearly 150 students studying.
Kallur Vadakkummuri is falling under the Grama Panchayat Kadukutty. Grama Panchayat Office is situated at the other side of the Chalakudy River. Kallur Vadakkummuri is connected to NH47 through Palayam Parambu Bridge and Annamanada Pulikkakadavu Bridge over the Chalakudy River.
There are so many old Hindu Temples in Kallur of which Gokunnathu (Shiva Temple), Chempikkadathu (Bhagavathi Temple) and Pathippathrikka (Shree Krishna Temple) are famous.
# William St Colum Bland

Brigadier General William St Colum Bland CB CMG (6 June 1868 – 9 February 1950) was a senior British Army officer during the First World War.

## Biography

Born on 6 June 1868, William St Colum Bland was educated at Bedford School. He received his first commission in the Royal Artillery in 1887, and served during the Anglo-Manipur War in British India, between 1891 and 1892. He served during the Waziristan Expedition, between 1894 and 1895, was promoted to the rank of Captain in 1897, and served during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900. He was promoted to the rank of Major in 1906, and appointed as an instructor in the School of Gunnery, between 1906 and 1909, and as Superintendent of Experiments, between 1909 and 1913. He served during the First World War between 1914 and 1918, and was President of the Ordnance Committee at the Ministry of Munitions between 1916 and 1919.
Brigadier General William St Colum Bland was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1917, and a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1919. He retired from the British Army in 1920 and died on 9 February 1950, aged 81.
# Lifespan timeline of presidents of South Africa

This is a graphical lifespan timeline of presidents of South Africa. The presidents are listed in order of office.
# Tikva Records

Tikva Records was a Jewish American record label which was operated by Allen B. Jacobs in Manhattan from the 1940s to the 1970s, releasing around 170 LPs of Jewish music and audiobooks.

## History

Allen B. Jacobs, who had previously run other record labels, started Tikva Records around 1947 as a budget label; he recorded the albums cheaply, designed the covers and mixed the music himself, for the most part.
The label released many kinds of Jewish music. It released religious Jewish music by singers such as David Kusevitsky and the Malavsky Family, Israeli music by Jo Amar and Tova Ben Zvi, klezmer music by Dave Tarras and Marty Levitt, Yiddish singers such as Leo Fuld, Ben Bonus and Martha Schlamme, Hasidic music, spoken word, and many more eclectic or unknown artists. Most of these releases have been archived on such sites as Florida Atlantic University's Judaic Collection or the Dartmouth Jewish Sound Archive
The eventual end of Tikva Records is poorly documented. A member of the Idelsohn Society for Musical Preservation who researched its history said he believes the original masters and records were all destroyed after a shady deal by Jacobs.
In 2011, the Idelsohn Society released a compilation of Tikva Records materials titled Songs for the Jewish-American Jet Set: The Tikva Records Story 1950-1973. To promote the release, they recreated a pop-up shop on Mission Street, San Francisco, in which they recreated a 1960s-style record store filled with Tikva Records LPs.
# Irene Franchini

Irene Franchini (born 23 July 1981) is an Italian recurve and compound archer and part of the national team.
She competed in the team event and individual event at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She won the gold medal at the 2016 World Indoor Archery Championships in the compound women's individual event and the bronze medal in the compound women's team event. Together with her teammates Franchini won the bronze medal at the 2021 European Archery Championships in Antalya, Turkey.
# Resmethrin

Resmethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide with many uses, including control of the adult mosquito population.
The resmethrin molecule has four stereoisomers determined by cis-trans orientation around a carbon triangle and chirality. Technical resmethrin is a mixture of (1R,trans)-, (1R,cis)-, (1S,trans)-, and (1S,cis)- isomers, typically in a ratio of 4:1:4:1. The 1R isomers (both trans and cis) show strong insecticidal activity, while the 1S isomers do not. The (1R,trans)- isomer is also known as bioresmethrin,(+)-trans-resmethrin, or d-trans-resmethrin; although bioresmethrin has been used alone as a pesticide active ingredient, it is not now registered as a separate active ingredient (AI) by the U.S. EPA. The (1R,cis)- isomer is known as cismethrin, but this is also not registered in the U.S. for use alone as a pesticide AI.
Commercial trade names for products that contain resmethrin are: Chrysron, Crossfire, Lethalaire V-26, Pynosect, Raid Flying Insect Killer, Scourge, SPB-1382, Sun-Bugger #4, Synthrin, Syntox, Vectrin, and Whitmire PT-110.
# Pillar Church

The Holland Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, now known as the Pillar Church, is a religious structure located at 57 East 10th Street in Holland, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

## History

Holland was first settled by Dutch immigrants, led by Rev. Albertus Christiaan Van Raalte, in 1847. That summer, the immigrants built their first church, a log structure. By 1854, the growth of the settlement necessitated the construction of a new church, and work on this building began. Construction was supervised by Jacobus Schrader, a millwright.
Substantial renovations were made to the church over the years. A pipe organ was installed in 1890. An annex, originally constructed to house the church library and classrooms, was added in 1900. A heating system and partial basement were put in place later. In 1947, a full basement was installed, and the church interior was entirely remodeled. The annex and the basement were remodeled in 1988.
The congregation has remained in this church through the present day. Early schisms split the church, particularly in 1884, after Van Raalte's death, when the majority of congregants voted to change denominations. However, in 2012, Pillar Church voted to become a dual-affiliation congregation, thus restoring what was split in 1884.

## Description

The Pillar Church is an elegant white clapboard Greek Revival structure with a low pitched roof. The front facade has temple front, with a portico containing six massive Doric columns topped by a classical entablature. A three-part tower, 60 feet in height, with an octagonal belfry, projects from the roof. A clapboard annex, constructed in 1900, projects from the rear of the building.
The current interior has a floor plan with a rectangular sanctuary with a center aisle, two side aisles and plain wooden pews. Additional seating is contained in a balcony above.
# Ragamalika

Ragamalika, literally a garland of ragas, is a popular form of composition in Carnatic music where different segments of the composition are set to different ragas. It is also known as Raga Kadambakam, and forms parallel to the composition form talamalika which features segments set to different talas. Ragatalamalika are a special kind of ragamalika compositions featuring a range of talas. Navaragamalika is a popular type of ragamalika composition where the music is set to 9 ragas.
Ramaswami Dikshitar is referred to as Ragamalika Chakravarti (King of Ragamalika) for his varied ragamalika compositions in Telugu. Over the years, composers composed elaborate pieces such as the 'ashtottarashata ragatalamalika’ of Ramaswami Dikshitar with 108 ragas and 108 talas, and 'melakarta ragamalika' of Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer featuring all 72 sampoorna melakarta ragas.

## Compositions

A few examples of ragamalikas are:
* Manasa Verutarula, Sivamohanasakti nannu, Samajagamana Ninnu Korinadira, and Ashtottarashata Ragatalamalika by Ramaswami Dikshitar
* Sri Viswanatham Bhajeham, Madhavo Mampatu, Simhasanasthite and Poornachandrabimba Vadane by Muthuswami Dikshitar
* Valachi Vachi, a navaragamalika varnam by Patnam Subramania Iyer
* Bhavayami and Kamalajasya, by Swathi Thirunal
* Baro Krishnayya By Kanakadasa
* Kurai Onrum Illai by C. Rajagopalachari
* Tumhein Mohabbat Hai by A. R. Rahman from Atrangi Re
# Second Conflict

Second Conflict is a 1991 video game published by jSOFT.

## Gameplay

Second Conflict is a game in which strategy is part of interstellar conquest for up to ten human and computer players. Players can use a variety of different spaceship types, and the game comes with six scenarios as well as a Do It Yourself option.

## Reception

Dana L. Cadman reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "Second Conflict is easy to learn, as there are few rules to contend with. In addition, the game runs under Windows 3.0, so it is very mouse-oriented and easy to use. Moving fleets, attacking and changing production are all handled through the menus and icons. ... Second Conflict is a great game for those who abhor complex rules or enjoy games with short turns. For those who like to define the arena for a battle by changing the victory conditions to fit one's mood. Second Conflict is a must. And remember, there is no such thing as a benevolent Empire."
The Italian magazine Videogame & Computer World approved of the graphics and found that working in a Windows environment made the game easier and faster to play, and also complimented the manual.
# Kamila Nasr

Kamila Nasr is a Canadian singer, composer and multi-instrumentalist based in Montreal, Quebec. She is the feature subject of director Terry Stone's 2007 film Virtuoso, a Canadian documentary on the Theremin. In September 2012, she released her solo album Paint the Moon under her stage name Kamila and as an independent label.

## Career

From 2007 to 2012 Nasr performed as the lead singer for the 15-piece Beijing-based Samba band, Sambasia. Nasr and Sambasia performed at the Evening of the Era concert alongside renowned Chinese rock musician Cui Jian at the Worker's Stadium in Beijing in January 2008, In 2008 she founded the bossa nova quartet Girassol, and performed at venues in China, including Mao Live and OT Lounge as well as the Brazilian, Chilean and French embassies.
Nasr recorded and produced Chasing Fireflies, a full-length album of original folk music with musician Sahara Jane in 2003. The album was nominated for four Music Industry Association of Newfoundland (MIANL) awards. From the late 1990s to early 2000s Nasr and Sahara Jane performed at folk festivals and music events in Canada including the Winnipeg Folk Festival, The Vancouver Island Music Festival, Deep Roots Music Festival, Trout Forest Music Festival and the Thundering Women Festival.
Nasr has regularly performed on stage in China with guitarist Pierre Brahin, with their shows described as a mix of "Brazilian favorites, standard bossa, choro and samba, flamenco guitar, fado and finally Iranian and Afghan popular and folk songs accompanied by Flamenco rhythms" by TimeOut Beijing.
In 2016, Nasr formed world music quartet ASHK with longtime collaborators Sahara Nasr, Ariana Nasr and Ken Shorley. ASHK is a long-term vehicle for Nasr to extend her repertoire beyond solo and accompanying performances and to perform music outside of folk and jazz, including multi-language compositions. As well as performing in local venues in her home province of Nova Scotia, Canada, Nasr has performed with ASHK at Sunfest in London, Ontario and Mosaic Multicultural Festival in Moncton, New Brunswick, the group's first international venues.
# William St Clair, 6th Lord Herdmanston

William St Clair, Lord Herdmanston, Baron of Carfrae and Cessford, was a Scottish noble of the 14th century.
William was the son of William St Clair of Herdmanston, who had fought at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.

## Marriage and issue

William married Margaret, daughter of William St Clair, Master of Roslin (died 1330), they are known to have had the following issue:
* John St Clair of Herdmanston
* James St Clair
* Walter St Clair of Cessford
After the death of William, Margaret was remarried to Thomas Stewart, Earl of Angus and Chamberlain of Scotland, in 1357.

## Citations

* ↑ Burke 1885, p. 1213.
# Lichtenhain/Bergbahn

Lichtenhain/Bergbahn is a former municipality in the district Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 December 2008, it is part of Oberweißbach.

## History

Lichtenhain/Bergbahn was first mentioned in 1455 and is located on the ancient trade route from Erfurt to Nuremberg. It once belonged to the sovereignty of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, later to the Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. In the Thirty Years' War the town was completely devastated. The main source of income of the residents was originally forestry, charcoal burning and resin extraction. Later the trading of nature medicines ("Olitäten") became a major economic driver. In 1812 Lichtenhain/Bergbahn counted 375 inhabitants which rose to 524 in 1902. In 1923, the Oberweißbacher mountain railway opened which connected Lichtenhain with national railway network. Major industries in modern times were the glass industry and the thermometer production, after the Second World War, increasingly tourism.
The municipality Lichtenhain/Bergbahn was disbanded on 1 December 2008 and incorporated into the city of Oberweißbach. with administrative headquarters in Oberweißbach.

## Politics

The Council of the municipality Lichtenhain/Bergbahn consisted recently (as of the municipal election on 27 June 2004) of 6 Women and councilors.
* SPD 3 seats
* FW 3 seats
Ingo Lödel, the last honorary mayor, was elected on 27 June 2004.

## Transportation

Lichtenhain/Bergbahn is connected to Oberweißbacher Bergbahn which connects Obstfelderschmiede (Mellenbach-Glasbach) with the village Cursdorf. The train consists of 1.351 km broad gauge cable railway and a connecting 2.635 km standard gauge electronic adhesion railway. The railway is operated by Deutsche Bahn AG and offers about thirty rides every half hour from 5:30 am to 8:00 pm.

## Notable people

* Gerhard Botz (born 1955), Politician (SPD)
# Thuli Brilliance Makama

Thuli Brilliance Makama is a Swazi environmental attorney. She is a Lawyer and the Executive Director of the green group Yonge Nawe/ Friends of the Earth Swaziland, an environmental organization that focuses on environmental justice. She was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 2010. Being the Attorney of public interest for the environment in Swaziland, Thuli has strived to guarantee that the opinions of the local community are taken into account while making decisions concerning the environment.Thuli is Oil Change International's senior advisor for Africa, providing strategic direction and campaign support for the organization's work in the continent.

## Legal Actions

When the Swaziland Environment Authority Act was initially passed in 1992, there was a serious consideration given to the involvement of the public in decisions that would have an impact on the environment. In 2002, when this act was modified, the essence of public participation was fortified with a specific provision that mandated the inclusion of one representative from an environmental NGO in the Swaziland Environment Authority management board. However, the first minister of environment tasked with implementing this provision chose to disregard the law and exclude NGOs. Despite the pressure from Makama and her organization, Yonge Nawe Environmental Action Group, the minister refused to comply with the law. Faced with the alarming possibility that this disobedience could establish a precedent for future ministers, Makama and her organization decided to contest the minister’s actions in Swaziland’s highest court. In April 2009, three years into the lawsuit, the High Court of Swaziland supported Makama's stance and ruled that the Management Board of the Swaziland Environment Authority, as nominated by the environment minister, was unlawfully constituted. The court’s verdict ensures that environmental groups will now have a place on the Management Board, where they will be able to oversee the actions of the Environment Authority and include the legitimate perspective of the environmental justice movement in their discussions. The positive high court ruling has given hope to the local communities living near privately owned game reserves, that their struggles may finally be acknowledged by the appropriate authorities.

## Awards

Thuli was named one of the winners of the most prestigious environmental award, The Goldman Prize in 2010
# Resm-i bennâk

The resm-i bennâk was a tax on peasants who had little or no land - those who did not pay the resm-i çift - in the Ottoman Empire.
The name is probably a loanword of Armenian origin; in the Ottoman Empire, "bennâk" came to mean a landless peasant, or a man who had married but not yet established his own household. "Bennâk" was also a term for a small area of farmland, less than half a çift.
The resm-i bennâk was usually paid annually, on 1 March, by the head of a family who is either landless or has very little land - not enough to be assessed for resm-i çift. The tax was payable to the timar-holder or to a tax-farmer in their stead.
The rate of resm-i bennâk was generally lower than the resm-i çift. For instance, in the provincial tax code of Hüdavendigar in 1487, a married man with his own farm might pay the full resm-i çift rate of 40 akçes; a bennâk would pay 12 akçes, and a mücerred (bachelor) would pay 6 akçes (see also resm-i mücerred).
In some cases, bennâk was only paid by peasants in the Ottoman Empire who had a small but nonzero area of land to farm; the truly landless peasants would pay a caba tax in which case the remaining bennak might be called "ekinlü-bennâk".
Academics might be exempted. Miners were also exempted from many taxes, and the resm-i bennâk was no exemption - for example, sipahis who worked in saltpetre mines would be exempt from resm-i bennâk, resm-i çift, and caba; they would also be exempted from avariz and other taxes. Some of the sadat - those claiming descent from Muhammed - were initially exempted from paying resm-i bennâk, but this exemption was eroded over time. There were even cases of people forging certificates of ancestry in order to claim tax exemptions.
# Pierre Nogaret de La Valette

Pierre Nogaret de La Valette (1497–1553), Seigneur de Valette, was born in Toulouse, the son of Bernard Nogaret de La Valette and his wife Anne Bretolene Rouergue (1480–1530).
Pierre built the present castle Caumont on his return from the Italian wars in which he fought for Francis I.
Pierre was a military man who fought in the Italian Wars. With his wife, Marguerite de L'Isle de St. Aignan (1499–1535), he had four children: Bernard de La Valette, Seigneur de Coppadel (1521-?), Gabrielle (1523–1548), Pierre (1525–1545), and Jean de Nogaret de La Valette (1527–1575).