OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# SOX18

Transcription factor SOX-18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOX18 gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. This protein plays a role in hair, blood vessel, and lymphatic vessel development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with recessive and dominant forms of hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia (HLTS). An autosomal truncating dominant mutation in this gene has also been associated with renal failure in the condition hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome (HLTRS).

## Interactions

SOX18 has been shown to interact with:
MEF2C
RBPJ
# Laurence Marks (journalist)

Laurence Marks (26 January 1928 – 25 May 1996) was a British journalist who wrote for many years for The Observer and previously for The Sunday Times.
Marks read law at Lincoln College, Oxford, and began his career on The Oxford Mail. He moved on to the Evening Standard (where he edited 'Londoner's Diary') and then The Sunday Times. He left The Sunday Times after the paper was accused of being in contempt of court in December 1967 over a caption for a photograph of Michael X. Marks, who had written the caption, resigned in protest at what he regarded as a failure of support by the paper and in particular the editor Harold Evans. Marks joined The Observer and stayed for over 25 years before contributing to The Independent on Sunday in his final years.
# Northland College, Kaikohe

Northland College is a small co-educational secondary school in Kaikohe.

## History

Utilising buildings built for a military hospital during the Second World War, the school was opened in 1947. Originally called the Northland Agricultural and Technical College, the school was established with a farm and forestry block to provide financial support into the future.
Over its first twenty years new buildings were gradually added, and by 1968 the school had moved out of the original hospital buildings which remained a hostel.

## Houses

Like many New Zealand schools, Northland College groups students into Houses for pastoral support and internal competitions. The names of the Houses have changed over the years.
First names: Clendon, Hobson, Maning, Marsden, Pompallier, Williams.
Second names: Pouerua, Putahi, Ramaroa, Whakatere
Third names: Rata, Tawa, Rimu, Kowhai
Current names: Kauri, Matai, Totara.

## New school buildings

In August 2015 the Ministry of Education approved a $14 million rebuild as the original school buildings had deteriorated to a considerably dilapidated state. This followed considerable reporting in NZ print and television media. The newly constructed buildings were opened in July 2017.

## Principals

* Duane Allen

## Notable alumni

* Suzy Cato – TV host and children's entertainer
* Sid Going – rugby union player
* Fiona Kidman (born 1940) – novelist, poet, scriptwriter and short story author
* Jim Peters – school principal and politician
* Joe Williams – Cook Islands politician, doctor
* Kawhena Woodman – rugby union player
* Fred Woodman – rugby union player
# William Hallam (theatre manager)

William Hallam (born in England about 1712; died there about 1758) was an English actor and theatre manager who organized the company that gave the first professionally produced theatrical performances in the New World in 1752.

## Biography

He was the son of the actor Thomas Hallam, a member of the Drury Lane killed by fellow actor Charles Macklin after a dispute.
In 1731 he married the actress Anne Berriman. He became manager of the New Wells Theatre in Goodman's Fields, London. In his competition with David Garrick, who managed Drury Lane Theatre, he became bankrupt in 1750, and in the same year organized a dramatic company that was sent, under the direction of his brother Lewis, to the North American colonies and the British West Indies. The company was called the "Company of Comedians from London" and had 12 actors in the troupe. Before the actors sailed, they studied 24 plays, besides farces and medleys, which in suitable weather were rehearsed aboard ship. They also took with them costumes and scenery. William Hallam sailed for the North American colonies, landing in Yorktown, Virginia, on June 2, 1752. He remained with the comedians about one year, but did not perform. Disposing of his half interest to his brother Lewis, he returned to England in 1755, where he soon afterward died.
# Whitfield, Tennessee

Whitfield is an unincorporated community in Hickman County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

## History

A post office was established at Whitfield in 1856, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1905. The community was named for John W. Whitfield, a State Senator and native of Hickman County.
# Stenoma enumerata

Stenoma enumerata is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1932. It is found in Brazil.
# Stenoma epicnesta

Stenoma epicnesta is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Guyana.
The wingspan is 14–15 mm. The forewings are whitish ochreous tinged and sprinkled with fuscous and with the base white on the upper half, produced between a short streak of fuscous irroration on the fold, and a fine fuscous dash above this. There is a short very oblique irregular fuscous streak from the costa at one-fourth. The plical and first discal stigmata are suffused and fuscous, the second discal well marked and dark fuscous, surrounded with whitish. There is a suffused fuscous spot on the costa in the middle, where a very undefined shade passes behind the cell to the dorsum at three-fourths, preceded by some whitish suffusion towards the costa. A suffused triangular fuscous spot is found on the costa at three-fourths, where a strongly curved cloudy fuscous line runs very near the termen to the tornus, the terminal area beyond this is suffused with whitish and there is a marginal series of blackish dots around the posterior part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are light grey in males and grey in females.
# Stephen A. Diamond

Stephen A. Diamond (born 1951) is an American clinical and forensic psychologist, a former pupil and protégé of Dr. Rollo May, and notable author of Anger, Madness, and the Daimonic: The Psychological Genesis of Violence, Evil, and Creativity (with foreword by Rollo May, SUNY Press, 1996). His work focuses on the psychological topics of anger, violence, evil, mental illness, and the daimonic.

## Biography

After practicing in the San Francisco Bay Area for more than 20 years, he relocated in 1999 to Los Angeles, where he currently resides and maintains a private psychotherapy practice in the Beverly Hills area. In addition to specializing in adult psychotherapy and what he calls "existential depth psychology," Diamond was for many years a designated forensic psychologist for the Los Angeles County Superior Court (Criminal Division). He was a resident faculty member in the Department of Psychology at both Argosy University and Ryokan College in Los Angeles, served as a clinical supervisor at The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, and taught most recently at Loyola Marymount University. He serves on the Board of Editors of the Journal of Humanistic Psychology.

## Selected bibliography

* Contributor to Meeting the Shadow by C.Zweig & J.Abrams (1991), Tarcher: ISBN 0-87477-618-X
* Anger, Madness, and the Daimonic: The Psychological Genesis of Violence, Evil, and Creativity (1996), SUNY Press: ISBN 0-7914-3075-8
* Contributor to Contemporary Theory and Practice in Counseling and Psychotherapy by H. Tinsley, S.Lease, & N. Wiersma (SAGE, 2015)
# Stenoma horocharis

Stenoma horocharis is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1930. It is found in Pará, Brazil.
# Stenoma himerodes

Stenoma himerodes is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in French Guiana.
The wingspan is 13–15 mm. The forewings are violet-grey whitish, slightly speckled with light grey. There is a blackish basal dot in the middle and an irregular more or less interrupted dark violet-fuscous line from one-fourth of the costa to the middle of the dorsum, posteriorly edged with ferruginous-yellow suffusion in the disc. A small dark violet-fuscous spot is found on the middle of the costa, the second discal stigma dark fuscous, and one or two dots tinged with yellow between these, as well as a somewhat curved blackish-grey line from three-fourths of the costa to the tornus, the apical area beyond this greyish violet. A marginal series of blackish dots is found around this area. The hindwings are ochreous whitish.
# Wilcox, Somervell County, Texas

Wilcox is a ghost town in northeastern Somervell County, Texas, near the present-day community of George's Creek.

## History

The town was named for William Cox, who settled along a nearby bend of the Brazos River in 1855. Soon after, more settlers followed, creating Wilcox. After the Civil War, the town's settlers moved to the community of George's Creek, where a church, a school, and many businesses.
# Whalsay Parish Church

Whalsay Parish Church or Whalsay Kirk is a Church of Scotland parish church on the island of Whalsay, Shetland Islands, Scotland. It lies to the north of the village of Brough, on the southern part of a promontory known as Kirk Ness, connected to the mainland by a neck of land. It is the main burial ground for villagers of Whalsay. It is one of three churches in the Parish of Nesting, the others being at Nesting and Lunnesting. The church is a category B Listed Building.

## History

The church, dedicated to the Holy Rood, was within a quoad sacra parish. In 1845, Whalsay Church was reportedly visited by the parish minister eleven times in the year. It was intended that the church to be endowed as a Parliamentary church, but that did not occur. At the time, a new roof was added, and the seating was noted to be uncomfortable. Whalsay Kirk became a Category B listed building in 1974.

## Architecture and fittings

This ancient church is located over the North Ness. The kirk is on the site of an earlier church (1733), apparently a simple T-shaped construction with arched doors and a galleried interior. The pulpit probably stood between the central windows of the south wall. The church was remodelled in 1867, in fieldstone with sandstone trimmings, as a galleried hall with a two-storey northern wing. It has a modern grey tile roof. There are four bays on the south wall, two with large highly positioned windows at the centre, flanked by two with smaller windows at a lower level. Projecting cills have been provided over the windows. The round-arched door on the western facade is topped by a polished ashlar bellcote. The north wing, which serves as a vestry, contains a memorial to Alexander Shand. The former doorway on the east wall is topped by a central window dated 1767. The interior is fitted with 19th-century wainscoting, horizontally boarded pews, a gallery, and a panelled pulpit on the north side accessed by stairs.

## Grounds

The church is enclosed within a boundary wall which is built in rubble masonry. The walls have a coping in semicircular shape made in concrete. The entrance gate is fitted between pillars. The pillars are also made of cement concrete with pyramidal caps fitted with wrought-iron gate which is embedded with medallions. The kirkyard is a modern wall around the extensions to the north and west. There are war memorials (First and Second World Wars) in the kirkyard.
# Wild mouse (disambiguation)

A wild mouse is a type of roller coaster.
Wild mouse may also refer to:
* Wild Mouse (film), a 2017 Austrian comedy film
* Wild Mouse (Beech Bend Park), a roller coaster at Beech Bend Park in Kentucky
* Wild Mouse (Blackpool Pleasure Beach), a roller coaster at Blackpool Pleasure Beach in North West England
* Wild Mouse (Hersheypark), a roller coaster at Hersheypark in Pennsylvania
* Wild Mouse (Idlewild), a roller coaster at Idlewild and Soak Zone in Pennsylvania
* Wild Mouse (Lagoon), a roller coaster at Lagoon in Utah
# Whitehorse Basin cutthroat trout

The Willow-Whitehorse Basin cutthroat trout refers to a population segment of the cutthroat trout complex (Oncorhynchus clarkii) from the streams of the Whitehorse Basin (or the Coyote Basin), southeastern Oregon. It is alternatively considered as a part of the Lahontan cutthroat trout subspecies (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi), or of the Humboldt cutthroat trout (O. c. humboldtensis) whose main range is in Nevada. These fish have adapted to live under extreme conditions, and can withstand water temperatures as high as 85 °F for short periods of time.
# Steve Kinder

Steve Kinder (born c. 1963) is a former head basketball coach of the Humboldt State University Lumberjacks.
Kinder earned a B.S. in physical education from HSU in 1985 when he also played for the basketball team that won the California Collegiate Athletic Association that year. He received an M.A. from Humboldt in 1988.
He was an assistant basketball coach at Oceanside High School from 1989 to 1990. He returned to Humboldt where he served as an assistant to basketball coach Tom Wood from 1990 to 2010.
In his first year as head coach in the 2010-11 season the Lumberjacks went 26-4, won the CCAA title and appeared in the NCAA playoffs. He received the first Clarence Gaines Award for the nation's best Division II basketball coach in 2011.
In the 2011-12 season the team was 22-8, won the CCAA post season tournament and lost in the first round of the NCAA playoffs.
# Wild grape

Wild grape may refer to:
* Vitis species; specially Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris (the wild ancestor of Vitis vinifera), Vitis californica (California wild grape), Vitis girdiana (desert wild grape), and Vitis riparia
* Ampelocissus acetosa, also known as Djabaru
* Ampelopsis glandulosa, also known as porcelain berry
* Cyphostemma juttae, a slow-growing ornamental plant.
# Wild gourd

Wild gourd is a common name for several noncultivated plants in the family Cucurbitaceae and may refer to:
# Wild hops

Wild hops is a common name for several plants
Wild hops may refer to:
* Wild growing forms of plants in the hop genus (Humulus) which may be used for flavoring beer
* Bryonia alba
* Clematis virginiana, a vine native to the eastern United States
* Daviesia elliptica
* Flemingia strobilifera, native to eastern Asia
# Wik Ompom language

Wik Ompom (Ambama) is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. Its name suggests it is one of the Wik languages, but typologically it is distinct.
# Wilder Graben (Seebach)

Wilder Graben is a river of Thuringia, Germany.
The Wilder Graben springs from the Kainspring [de] west of Oberdorla. It is a headstream of the Seebach. The confluence with the other headstream, the Mühlbach, is located southeast of Niederdorla.
# Wilhelm Eichenberg

Wilhelm Eichenberg (fl. 1930s) was a geologist and zoologist known for having described the class Conodonta of prehistoric jawless fish in 1930.
# Wickholm

Wickholm is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jani Wickholm (born 1977), Finnish singer
* Truls Wickholm (born 1978), Norwegian politician
* Valdemar Wickholm (1890–1970), Finnish track and field athlete
# Wildland fire emission

Wildland fire and wildland fire atmospheric emissions have been a part of the global biosphere for millennia. The major wildland fire emissions include greenhouse gases and several criteria pollutants that impact human health and welfare.:
| Emissions | Grams of emission / kilogram of fuel burned | Percentage |
| Carbon dioxide | 1564.8 | 71.44% |
| Water | 459.2 | 20.97% |
| Carbon monoxide | 120.9 | 5.52% |
| Atmospheric particulate matter <2.5μ | 10.3 | 0.47% |
| Nitric oxide | 8.5 | 0.39% |
| Methane | 5.9 | 0.27% |
| Volatile organic compounds | 5.2 | 0.24% |
| Organic carbon | 5.2 | 0.24% |
| Non-methane hydrocarbon | 4.3 | 0.20% |
| Particulate matter > 10μ | 3.8 | 0.17% |
| Particulate matter <10μ and >2.5μ | 1.9 | 0.09% |
| Elemental carbon | 0.4 | 0.02% |
Compared to the preindustrial era, wildland land fire in the conterminous U.S. has been reduced 90 percent with proportional reductions in wildland fire emissions. Land use changes (agriculture and urbanization) are responsible for roughly 50 percent of this decrease, and land management decisions (land fragmentation, suppression actions, etc.) are responsible for the remainder. Anthropogenic activities (e.g., industrial production, transportation, agriculture, etc.) today have more than replaced the lost preindustrial wildland fire atmospheric emissions.
The following charts compare preindustrial wildland fire emissions with contemporary emissions.
* Carbon Dioxide
* Carbon Monoxide
* Nitric Oxide
* Volatile Organic Compounds
* Particulate Matter <10μ
* Particulate Matter <2.5μ
In addition to greenhouse gas emissions, particulates and smoke released can scatter or absorb solar radiation and be deposited elsewhere where they may affect albedo particularly if landing on snow or glaciers.
# Wildkarspitze

Several mountains in Austria bear the name Wildkarspitze:
* Wildkarspitze (Zillertal Alps) (3,076 m above sea level (AA)), a mountain in the Zillertal Alps of Salzburg state
* Wildkarspitze (Stubai Alps) (3,173 m above sea level (AA)), a mountain in the Stubai Alps of Tyrol
* Wildkarspitze (Kitzbühel Alps) (1,961 m above sea level (AA)), a mountain in the Kitzbühel Alps of Tyrol
# Wildkirchli

Wildkirchli (lit. 'Wild Chapel') are three interlinked caves situated in the Alpstein massif in the Appenzell Innerrhoden canton of Switzerland, north-east of Mount Säntis Switzerland. The caves are located at a height of 1,477–1,500 m (4,846–4,921 ft). They are notable for the traces of Paleolithic Neanderthal habitation, dating to c. 40,000 BP, and cave bear bones dating to 90,000–40,000 BP. A museum at the site houses a full bear skeleton that was found in one of the caves.

## Geography

There are three caves, the Altarhöhle (altar cave), the Untere Höhle (lower cave), and the Obere Höhle (upper cave), located on the Ebenalp, which is the northernmost summit of the Appenzell Alps. They sit at a height of 1,477–1,500 m (4,846–4,921 ft), and are reached by cable car from Wasserauen to the top of Ebenalp, followed by a 15-minute hike down the mountain.

## History of the caves

The earliest-known documentation of the cave was a visit by a cave explorers' club, the Höhlenklub of Appenzell, in 1863. In 1658, Paulus Ulmann (1613–1680), a priest in Appenzell, founded a chapel in the lower cave and established a hermitage in the upper cave. A series of hermits inhabited the site, and provided food and lodging to pilgrims who visited the chapel. The last hermit died in 1851, and the hermitage was eventually transformed into an inn. A small museum which is a recreation of the hermits' house was built on the site of the old inn.
The cave chapel and pilgrimage were the subject of one chapter of Joseph Victor von Scheffel's Ekkehard: A Tale of the Tenth Century, Volume II.

## Archaeological finds in the caves

Many bones have been found in the caves; the hermits sold them to pilgrims. In 1903–1908, Emil Bächler discovered flint tools in the Altarhöhle. Their identification as Mousterian was the first demonstration of Neanderthal man in the Appenzell Alps. Later excavations revealed three stratigraphic layers in the Altarhöhle. The lowest layer (90,000–40,000 BP) contained primarily cave bear bones. The upper layer contained the flint tools and was dated to the final phase of the Mousterian (about 40 000 BC). The layer also contained bones from animals such as chamois, ibexes and wolves, suggesting that the caves served as summer hunting sites.

## 21st century

Today the caves have become a tourist destination. On the same path as the caves is the Berggasthaus Aescher, a 170-year-old guesthouse built into the cliff. The guesthouse was included as one of the four most interesting restaurants by the Huffington Post and it was featured on the cover of National Geographic's "Places of a Lifetime" publication (2015).
# Stifel (surname)

Stifel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Johan Ludwig Stifel, founder of J.L.Stifel and Sons
* Michael Stifel (1487–1567), German mathematician
# Stokke (village)

Stokke is a village in Sandefjord Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The village is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the northeast of the city of Sandefjord and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southwest of the city of Tønsberg. The village of Melsomvik and the Tønsbergfjorden lie about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the east of Stokke.
The 2.31-square-kilometre (570-acre) village has a population (2022) of 4,221 and a population density of 1,827 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,730/sq mi).
Stokke was the administrative centre of the old Stokke Municipality which existed from 1838 until its dissolution on 1 January 2017.
The European route E18 highway passes 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the northwest of the village. The Vestfoldbanen railway line passes through the village, stopping at the Stokke Station. Stokke Church is located in the village. The village is the site of the Bokemoa elementary school and Stokke secondary school. The Gjennestad upper secondary school lies just a short distance north of the village.

## Media gallery

* Stokke Station
* Highway interchange near Stokke
* Bokemoa elementary school
* Stokke secondary school
* Stokke Church
# Wiley Manuel

Wiley William Manuel (August 28, 1927–January 5, 1981) was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of California from 1977 to 1981 and the first African American to serve on the high court.

## Biography

Manuel was born in Oakland, California, grew up near Ward and Dohr Streets in South Berkeley, and was educated in the public schools. After graduating in 1945 from Berkeley High School he studied at the University of California, Berkeley. Then he attended Hastings College of Law and in 1953 received his LL.B. degree with Order of the Coif honors. He also served as Editor-in-Chief of the Hastings Law Journal.
Following law school, Manuel worked for 23 years in the California Attorney General's office, rising to chief assistant attorney general in the San Francisco office. In March 1956, then-Deputy Attorney General Manuel announced that municipalities adding fluoride to public drinking water cannot be charged with practicing dentistry.
In January 1976, Governor Jerry Brown appointed Manuel to the post of judge of the Alameda County Superior Court.
On February 12, 1977, Governor Brown elevated Manuel to the Supreme Court. On March 8, 1977, he was approved by the Judicial Qualifications Commission, he was sworn in on March 24, 1977, and took his seat on April 5, 1977. He was the first African American justice of the Supreme Court. Also in 1977, he delivered the keynote address at the first meeting of the California Association of Black Lawyers. Among his notable cases is the criminal prosecution against William and Emily Harris of the Symbionese Liberation Army on charges of kidnapping Patricia Hearst in 1974. In August 1977, Manuel wrote the 6 – 1 majority opinion that the trial court abused its discretion in denying the defendants' request for state-appointed counsel of their choosing. Manuel served for only four years before he died of stomach cancer.

## Honors and legacy

In honor of Manuel, there is a non-profit scholarship foundation in Northern California. Manuel, who was known for his dedication to pro bono work, has a pro bono award named after him awarded by the State Bar of California each year. The Wiley Manuel Courthouse, part of the Alameda County Superior Court, was named after him.

## Personal life

In 1948, he married Eleanor M. Williams, and she currently resides in Oakland, California. He died on January 5, 1981. He was survived by his wife and their two children, Yvonne and Gary Manuel.