# International Conference on Creationism

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The International Conference on Creationism (ICC) is a conference in support of young earth creationism, sponsored by the Creation Science Fellowship (CSF). The first conference occurred in 1986 at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh. Subsequent conferences have been held in 1990, 1994, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013 and 2018.

## Conferences

    Austin, S., Mount St. Helens and Catastrophism
    Austin, S., Tight Folds and Clastic Dikes as Evidence for Rapid Deposition and Deformation
    Avila, R., Is the Precession of Mercury's Perihelion a Natural (Non-Relativistic) Phenomenon?
    Baumgartner, J., Numerical Simulation of the Large-Scale Tectonic Changes Accompanying the Flood
    Bergman, J., The Problem of Time
    Bixler, R. Does the Bible Speak of a Vapor Canopy
    Brown, R., Radiometric Dating from the Perspective of Biblical Chronology
    Brown, W., The Fountains of the Great Deep
    Cook, M., How and When Pangea Ruptured and Continents Shifted
    Frangos, A. Ch., The Great Delusion
    Gentry, R., Radioactive Halos: Implications for Creation
    Gish, D., The Origin of Life
    Humphreys, R., Reversals of the Earth's Magnetic Field During the Genesis Flood
    Jue, D.S., The Myths of Cranial Capacity and Intelligence
    Lester, L. & Bohlin, R., After His Kind: The Biological Unit of Creation
    Lucas, C., A New Unified Theory of Modern Science
    Morris, J., Identification of Ichnofossils in the Glen Rose Limestone, Central Texas
    Morton, G., Geologic Challenges to a Young Earth
    Northrup, B., A Walk Through Time: A Study in Harmonization
    Northrup, B., There Really Was An Ice Age
    Oard, M., An Ice Within the Biblical Time Frame
    Overn, W., Radiometric Dating - An Unconvincing Art
    Overn, W., The Truth About Radiometric Dating
    Reed, J.G., Stretching Time: The Magic In Evolution
    Vardiman, L., The Age of the Earth's Atmosphere Estimated by Its Helium Content
    Vardiman, L., The Sky Has Fallen
    Walsh, R., Biblical Hermeneutics and Creation
    Whitelaw, R., Recent Creation and Worldwide Flood: The Perfect Agreement Between Biblical Chonology, Recorded History, and Other Extra-Biblical Geochronometers
    Wise, K., How Fast Do Rocks Form
    Wise, K., The Way Geologists Date!
    Woodmorappe, J., The Antidiluvian Biosphere and Its Capability of Supplying the Entire Fossil Record
Robert Schadewald emphasized the influence Kurt Wise has had on shaping a more candid and rigorous approach to creationism, particularly praising a talk entitled "How Geologists Date Things" as absolutely straight Geology 101 mixing introductory geology with a debunking of creationist misconceptions. Wise has labored tirelessly by example and persuasion to convince his creationist colleagues to study the facts carefully and find new ways to interpret them. Besides technical and educational tracks, ICC86 featured a "basic creationism" track that included Walter Brown's Hydroplate Model (some creationists privately referred to it as the "wacky track").
    Aardsma, Radiocarbon, Dendrochronology and the Date of the Flood
    Ackerman, Paul D., Human Creativity or Biblical Creation?
    Arndts, Russell T., Logic and The Interpretation of Fossils
    Austin, S. & Humphreys, R., The Sea's Missing Salt: A Dilemma for Evolutionists
    Baumgartner, J., 3-D Simulation of the Global Tectonic Changes During Noah's Flood
    Bergman, Jerry, The Biological Theory of Atavism and its Influence on Social Policy
    Bergman, Jerry, The Fall of the Natural Selection Theory
    Chaffin, A Study of Roemer's Method for Determining the Velocity of Light
    Chittick, Donald E., Age of the Earth: Biblical & Scientific Implications
    Clark & Voss, Resonance and Sedimentary Layering in the Context of a Global Flood
    Davey, Eigenvalue Analysis of the Magnetic Field of the Earth and Its Implications on Age and Field Reversals
    DeYoung, The Earth-Moon System
    Dritt, James O., Ph.D., Man's Earliest Beginnings: Discrepancies in Evolutionary Timetables
    Dusenbury, A Reconsideration of the Photoelectric Effect Alpha Decay
    Eidsmoe, John, The Evolutionary Worldview and American Law
    Frangos, Apostolos Ch., Some Necessary Remarks on Scientific Knowledge
    Hedtke, Randall, Should Students Be Taught How To Question The Evolution Evidence?
    Holroyd, Cavitation Processes During Catastrophic Floods
    Holroyd, Missing Talus on the Colorado Plateau
    Humphreys, R., A Physical Mechanism for Reversals of the Earth's Magnetic Field During the Flood
    Jorgenson, Technical Feasibility of the Biblical Canopy
    Miller, The Paluxy River Footprints Revisited
    Molen, Diamictites: Ice Ages or Gravity Flows
    Myers, Ellen, M.A., The Breakdown of Philosophy and the Modern Evolution-Creation Debate
    Northrup, Bernard E., Identifying the Noahic Flood in Historical Geology: Part One
    Northrup, Bernard E., Identifying the Noahic Flood in Historical Geology: Part Two
    Oard, M., The Evidence for Only One Ice Age
    Paiva & Slusher, Cavitation: An Integral Agent of Energetic Geomorphological Process
    ReMine, Discontinuity Systematics: A New Methodology of Biosystematics Relevant to the Creation Model
    Reynolds, John M., Creationism and the Armies of the Night: A Response to Dr. Isaac Asimov
    Rugg, Detachment Faults in the Southwestern United States: Evidences for a Short and Catastrophic Tertiary Period
    Rush & Vardiman, Pre-Flood Vapor Canopy Radiative Temperature Profiles
    Scheven, Joachim, Stasis in the Fossil Record as Confirmation of a Belief in Biblical Creation
    Scheven, Joachim, The Flood / Post Flood Boundary in the Fossil Record
    Stillman, The Lifetime and Renewal of Comets
    Swift, Dennis L., The Rocks Begin to Speak
    Taylor, Ian T., Effectively Sowing the Seeds of Doubt: The Age of the Earth
    Taylor, Ian T., The Ultimate Hoax: Archaeopteryx Lithographica
    Tyler, A Tectonically Controlled Rock Cycle
    Vardiman, L., The Mechanism of Ice Crystal Growth and the Theory of Evolution
    von Fange, Erich A., Are There Two Potassium / Argon Dating Systems
    Whitmore, The Hartford Basin of Central Connecticut: Multiple Evidences of Catastrophism
    Wilkerson & Wakefield, The Geological Setting of Polonium Halos
    Wise, K., Baraminology: A Biosystematic Method Specific to a Young Earth Creation Model
    Woodmorappe, J., Causes for the Biogeographic Distribution of Land Vertebrates after the Flood
The second ICC, held in 1990, was marginally better, but evolution-bashing and "wacky track" nonsense still were abundant. The 1990 conference featured a debate between Gregg Wilkerson, an old-earth creationist geologist and Steven A. Austin, chairman of geology at the Institute for Creation Research. Wilkerson urged the conference attendees to drop the young Earth viewpoint and accept the "ample scientific evidence" that the Earth is 4.5 billion years old. Austin stated that Wilkerson was misinterpreting the data and that a young Earth viewpoint remained feasible.
    Aardsma, Gerald E., Search for Radiocarbon in Coal
    Aardsma, Gerald E., The Exodus Happened 2450 B.C.
    Ackerman, Paul D., Preventing Out-of-Wedlock Teenage Pregnancy: Current Practice Versus the Experimental Social Psychology Research Base
    Auldaney, Jeremy, Catastrophic Fluvial Deposition at the Asphalt Seeps of Rancho La Brea, California
    Austin, Steven A. & Wise, Kurt P., Pre-Flood / Flood Boundary: As Defined in Grand Canyon and East Mojave
    Barnette, Daniel W., & Baumgardner, John R., Patterns of Ocean Circulation Over the Continents During Noah's Flood
    Baumgardner, John R., Computer Modeling of the Large Scale Tectonics Associated with the Genesis Flood
    Baumgardner, John R., Runaway Subduction as the Driving Mechanism for the Genesis Flood
    Bergman, Jerry, An Update of the Courts, Academic Freedom and Creationists: The Peloza, Johnson, and Bishop Cases
    Bergman, Jerry, Magnetic Monopoles and Grand Unification Theory
    Berthault, Guy, Experiments on Stratification
    Boudreaux, Edward A., Particle Interaction Analysis of Solar Formation and Stabilization
    Brown, Robert H., Mixing Lines - Considerations Regarding Their Use in Creationist Interpretation of Radioisotope Age Data
    Cadwallader, Mark W. , A Biblical Creation Model and Response for Environmental Difficulties
    Chaffin, Eugene F., Are Fundamental Constants of Physics Really Variables?
    Clark, M. E. & Voss, H.D., Towards and Understanding of the Tidal Fluid Mechanics Associated with the Genesis Flood
    Culp, G. Richard, Do Birds of Prey Demonstrate Stability of Species?
    Davies, Keith, Distribution of Supernova Remnants in the Galaxy
    Fischer, J. Michael, A Giant Meteorite Impact and Rapid Continental Drift
    Forgay, Warren F., Values Clarification: An Evaluation
    Frangos, Apostolos Ch., A Different Approach to the Problem of Scientific Knowledge
    Green, Terry R., Prescience Prophecy: A Pyrrhic Victory
    Harsh, Robert W., Biblical Naturalism: A Time for Paradigm Change
    Holroyd, III, Edmond W., A Remote Sensing Search for Extinct Lake Shore Lines on the Colorado Plateau
    Humphreys, D. Russell, Progress Toward a Young-Earth Relativistic Cosmology
    Humphreys, D. Russell, A Biblical Basis for Creationist Cosmology
    Jorgensen, Greg S., The Canopy, the Moon, the Earth's Tilt and Pre-Flood Ice Age
    Lucas, Charles W., Jr., with Lucas, Joseph C., The Origin of Atomic Structure
    Lumsden, Richard D., and Francis, Noel D., Evolutionary Origin of Life Scenarios: Paradox of the Plasma Membrane
    Maas, Frank, Immune Functions of the Vermiform Appendix
    McLeod, Kevin C., Knee Design: Implications for Creation vs. Evolution
    Molen, Mot, Mountain Building and Continental Drift
    Montgomery, Alan, A Determination and Analysis of Appropriate Values of the Speed of Light to Test the Setterfield Hypothesis
    Myers, Ellen, Creation: The Key to History
    Northrup, Bernard E., Some Questionable Creationist Axioms Reexamined
    Oard, Michael J., Submarine Mass Flow Deposition of Pre-Pleistocene Ice-Age Deposits
    Palmer, Suzanne S., Lack of Evidence for Hand Dominance in the Nonhuman Primate: Difficulty for the Theory of Evolution
    Powell, C. Diane, Mechanisms for Gender Role Stasis
    ReMine, Walter J., The Biotic Message: An Introduction
    Reynolds, John Mark, Gosse and Omphalos: The Bible & Science
    Reynolds, John Mark, The Bible and Science: Toward a Rational Harmonization
    Scherer, Siegfried, Basic Types of Life
    Snelling, Andrew A., Regional Metamorphism within a Creationist Framework: Garnet Composition
    Snelling, Andrew A., U-TH-PB: An Example of False Isochrons
    Speck, Patricia L., The Kidney: A Designed System for Plasma Homeostasis
    Spencer, Wayne R., The Origin and History of the Solar System
    Taylor, Ian, Sir Francis Bacon & The Geological Society of London
    Tyler, David J., Tectonic Controls on Sedimentation in Rocks from the Jurassic Series in Yorkshire, England
    Tyler, Sheena E. B., The Genesis Kinds: A Perspective from Embryology
    Vardiman, Larry, A Conceptual Transition Model of the Atmospheric Global Circulation Following the Genesis Flood
    Vardiman, Larry, An Analytical Young-Earth Flow model of Ice Sheet Formation During the Ice Age
    Walker, Tasman Bruce, A Biblical Geologic Model
    Wise, K.; Austin, S.; Baumgardner, John R.; Humphreys, R.; Snelling, A.; Vardiman, L., Catastrophic Plate Tectonics: A Global Flood Model of Earth History
    Wisniewski, Mark. E., The World-View Approach to Critical Thinking
    Woodmorappe, John, The Biota and Logistics of Noah's Ark
    Young, Judy A., Archaeology and Creation Science
Following ICC90, the Pittsburgh Creation Science Fellowship (CSF) established a refereeing system. Wise and philosophers Paul Nelson and John Mark Reynolds convinced CSF that evolution-bashing never has advanced and never will advance a real "creation model." As a result, ICC94 was dramatically better.
    Ackerman, P., Worldview of Aquinas, Luther, and Calvin: Modern Message Theory and the Creation Model
    Akridge, J., A Flood-Based Origin of Little River Canyon near Ft. Payne, Alabama
    Armitage, M., Complex Life Cycles In Heterphyid Trematodes...
    Austin, S. & Snelling, A., Discordant K-Ar Model and Isochron Ages
    Bergman, D., Conflict of Atomism and Creationism in History
    Bergman, J., The Unbridgeable Chasm Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
    Bielecki, J., Search for Accelerated Nuclear Decay and Spontaneous Fission of (238) U
    Brown, R., Metorites and a Young Earth
    Cuozzo, J., What Happens to the Craniofacial Structure .. Neandertals
    Curtis, W., A New Look at Genesis 1-5: A Coherent Model of Natural and Biblical History
    Curtis, W., A New Look at Genesis 6-11: A Coherent Model of Natural and Biblical History
    Deckard, S., Toward the Development of an Instrument for Measuring a Christian Creationist Worldview
    Dennis, P., Probability and Quantum Mechanics
    Faulkner, D., State of Creation Astronomy (The)
    Fouts, D. & Wise, K., Blotting Out and Beaking Up: Hebrew Studies...
    Frair, W., Effects of the 1981 Arkansas Trial on the Creationist Movement
    Fritsche, T., Impact of the Cretaceous / Tertiary Boundary (The)
    Goertzen, J., Rhamphorhynchoid Pterosaur Scaphognathus Crassirostris (The)...
    Guikema, A., K-Ar Derived (238) U Fission Decay Constants...
    Holroyd, E., Charcoal Bedding as a Tool for Stratigraphic Interpretation
    Honeyman, J., Biblical Chronology and Egyptian History
    Horstmeyr, M., Use of History Dependent Material Models for Simulating Geophysical Events
    Houser, R., Creation Jurisprudence as a Means to Discover the Divinely Created Natural Law
    Javor, G., Life, An Evidence for Creation
    Kaufmann, D., Two Natures of DNA: Conceptless Code and Conceptual Aliveness
    Kenyon, D., Hierarchal Information Content...in Coding and Non-Coding DNA Sequences
    Klevberg, P. & Oard, M., Palehydrology of the Cypress Hills Formation and Flaxville Gravel
    Lucas, C. & Lucas, J., A New Foundation for Modern Science
    More, E., Created Kind (The): Noah's Doves, Ravens, and Their Descendants
    Montgomery, A., Towards a Biblically Inerrant Chronology
    Oard, M. & Klevberg, P., A Diluvial Interpretation of the Cypress Hills Formation, Flaxville Gravel, and Related Deposits
    Overman, R., Comparing Origins Belief and Moral Values
    Powell, D., Man & Message Theory: The Social Implications
    Robinson, S., Flood in Genesis (The): What Does the Text Say?
    Rugg, S. & Austin, S., Evidences for Rapid Formation and Failure of Pleistocene Lava Dams...
    Sigler, R. & Wingerden, V., Submarine Flows and Slide Deposits in the Kingston Peak.
    Snelling, A., Cause of Anaomalous K-Ar Ages for Recent Andesite Flows (The)...
    Snelling A. & Woodmorappe, J.. Cooling of Thick Igneous Bodies on a Young Earth (The)
    Speck, P., Paradox of Pregnancy: A Tribute to Design
    Spencer, W., Catastrophic Impact Bombardment Surrounding the Genesis Flood
    Spencer, W., Geophysical Effects of Impacts During the Genesis Flood
    Stewart, A., Global Iodine Deficiency Disorders in the Light of the Biblical Flood
    Vardiman, L, & Bousselot, K., Sensitivity Studies of Vapor Canopy Temperature Profiles
    Vardiman, L., Numerical Simulation of Precipitation Induced Hot Mid-Ocean Ridges
    Wise, K., Is Life Singularly Nested or Not?
    Wise, K. & Cooper, M., A Compelling Creation: A Suggestion for a New Apologetic
    Woodmorappe, J., Hypercanes a Cause of the 40 Day Global Flood Rainfall
At ICC98, the transformation was virtually complete. Most presentations tried either to advance a model in some way or at least to honestly review the evidence that needs explaining. This requirement was stated in the call for papers and enforced in the refereeing process, Anyone whose only exposure to creationism is a Gish Gallop would not have recognized a single presentation at ICC98. Larry Witham described it as having "become the preeminent meeting of its kind in the world." Its goal is to provide a peer-review forum wherein the Creation model could be rigorously developed. He states that the conferences express similar disdain for both "slipshod" populist young earth creationism, and for smuggling in "antiquity and evolution". He describes as "astounding" their presupposition that God "used processes which are not now operating anywhere in the natural universe." They state they cannot discover by scientific investigation anything about the creative processes used by the Creator.

## Reception

Mathematics professor Jason Rosenhouse writes expressing sadness that while generally impressed with attendees "personality and temperament", that they are "hopelessly ignorant of science. This ignorance is exacerbated by the annoying fact that so many of them fancy themselves highly knowledgeable indeed."