OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Karl Targownik

Karl Kalman Targownik (June 17, 1915 – January 2, 1996) was a psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor.
Dr. Karl Targownik was born in Budapest, Hungary. His parents were Polish Jews who fled to Hungary to escape the Russian invasion during World War I. Soon after the War was over they returned to Poland and settled in the small village of Bochnia, located in the Southwest of Poland near Kraków. While studying in Poland to become a medical doctor, Targownik was captured and sent to a concentration camp. For a period of time, Targownik was a prisoner at the infamous Auschwitz camp. At 29 years old and a mere 80 pounds (36 kg), Targownik was liberated on April 29, 1945 from the Dachau camp.
Soon after liberation, Targownik obtained his medical degree and practiced in New York City. In 1952, Targownik moved to Topeka, Kansas, to work at the Menninger Clinic, a popular treatment center for the mentally ill. He developed a friendship with Karl Menninger, and soon rose through the ranks to become one of the institution's top psychiatrists. Targownik frequently spoke to groups about his Holocaust experience, and gained recognition throughout the state of Kansas and much of the Midwest. He was named Kansan of the Year in 1976 by the newspaper of Topeka, Kansas.
Dr. Targownik worked and led the Kansas Reception & Diagnostic Center, a State Prison outside of Topeka. It was one of the few remaining institutions for new, incoming state prisoners, where they could be evaluated medically, psychologically and educationally. A team of clinicians would then recommend the level of placement in the state prison system. This Reception & Diagnostic concept followed from Dr. Karl Menninger's philosophy of criminal rehabilitation, as written about in his book, "The Crime of Punishment"
Targownik continued to speak and give interviews through the end of his life, which was complicated by Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. He died at 80 on January 2, 1996, at his Topeka home.
# Kate Claxton

Kate Claxton (August 24, 1848 – May 5, 1924) was an American actress.

## Biography

Kate Elizabeth Cone was born at Somerville, New Jersey, to Spencer Wallace Cone and Josephine Martinez. She made her first appearance on the stage in Chicago with Lotta Crabtree in 1870, and in the same year, joined Augustin Daly's Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York City. In 1872, she became a member of A.M. Palmer's Union Square Theatre, playing largely comedy roles. She created the part of Louise in The Two Orphans and then became known as one of the best emotional actresses of her time. Her first starring tour was in 1876.
She was performing the play The Two Orphans on December 5, 1876, at the Brooklyn Theatre in New York when a fire broke out and killed 278 people.
Claxton first married in 1865 to Isadore Lyon; they later divorced. On March 3, 1878, she married Charles A. Stevenson, and in 1911, they divorced. Her son Harold Stevenson committed suicide in 1904.
Claxton died due to a cerebral hemorrhage in her apartment in New York City; she was buried in Brooklyn's Green-Wood Cemetery.
Claxton, Georgia is said by some local historians to be named for her.
# Sphetta apicalis

Sphetta apicalis is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found in Sri Lanka.
Host plants of the caterpillar include Pongamia, Derris, Sapindus, Diospyros and Nephelium species.
# Kaskaskia–Cahokia Trail

The Kaskaskia–Cahokia Trail was the first road (used for walking and stagecoaches) in Illinois, running from Kaskaskia to Cahokia.

## History
### Native Americans

The Confederated Peorias originated in the land surrounding the Great Lakes and drained by the Mississippi River. Those peoples are the Illinois or the Ilini Indians, descendants of the people who created the large mound societies in the Great Plains two to three thousand years ago. The Kaskaskia–Cahokia Trail had a role in the lives of some Ilini Indians.

### Settlers

When the French created permanent settlements at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, they named these townships after the Illini Indians who lived there before.
Other villages, towns, and settlements grew over the next century dotting the east half of the Mississippi River's floodplain. This first road caused other roads that eventually led to Illinois becoming the 21st state in 1818, with Kaskaskia holding the title of the first state capital.

## Points of interest

There are many interesting attractions along the Kaskaskia–Cahokia Trail which are within three Southern Illinois counties:
* Pierre Menard Home
* Mississippi River Ferry
* Modoc Rock Shelter
* Creole House
* Village Hall
* St. Joseph Church
* Fort de Chartres
* St. Joseph Church
* Historic District</il>
* Peterstown House
* Waterloo Historic District
* Bellefontain House & Spring
* Moore Cemetery
* KCT Remnant with Stone Arch Bridge
# Kaskawulsh Glacier

The Kaskawulsh Glacier is a vast, temperate valley glacier nestled in the Saint Elias Mountains, within Kluane National Park in the Canadian territory of Yukon.

## Geography

Located approximately 6,000–9,000 ft (1,800–2,700 m) above sea level, the glacier covers more than 15,000 sq mi (39,000 km$^2$) of the surrounding landscape. It terminates at the head of two river valleys, the Slims and the Kaskawulsh River, which feed the Yukon River (via Kluane Lake) and Alsek River systems respectively. The Kaskawulsh is the result of two converging outlet glaciers, the Central and North Arms, and is an impressive 3–4 mi (4.8–6.4 km) wide at its broadest point.

## Waterflow

Until 2016, abundant melt water from the Kaskawulsh was channeled by ice dam to drain through the Slims River, north to Kluane Lake, and ultimately to the Bering Sea. In 2016, as the glacier receded, the predominant flow abruptly switched to the Kaskawulsh River, flowing east and then south to Alsek River and to the Gulf of Alaska. As the water level at Kluane Lake continues to drop, researchers expect this will become an isolated lake cut off from any outflow.

## Tourism

Backpackers can visit the Kaskawulsh along the popular Slims River West Trail, which follows the Slims River south for 19.9 mi (32.0 km) before ending at the summit of Observation Mountain near the toe of the glacier. Backpackers can also follow the Slims River East Route to reach the toe of the glacier, also known as the glacier terminus.
* Terminus of the Kaskawulsh Glacier
* Kaskawulsh Glacier medial moraine. August 2013
* Kaskawulsh Glacier seen from Mount Weyprecht. August 2013
# Kaskaskia River State Fish and Wildlife Area

Kaskaskia River State Fish and Wildlife Area is an Illinois state park on 20,000 acres (8,094 ha) in St. Clair, Monroe, and Randolph Counties, Illinois, United States. A focus of this conservation area is Baldwin Lake, a perched cooling pond managed by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources for fishing.
# Henry Tilton Gorrell

Henry Tilton Gorrell (June 8,1911–January 5, 1958) was a war correspondent for the United Press during the Spanish Civil War and World War II.
He was the son of Henry Horace Gorrell, an opera singer and voice teacher, and Mercedes Beatrice Leese.

## Correspondent

Gorrell was a reporter for the Kansas City Journal-Post in 1929, before joining United Press in 1930, working with Richard D. McMillan. He was assigned to the Rome bureau in the mid 1930s, but was expelled from the country in 1936 due to his reporting.
Gorrell was part of the United Press staff in Madrid during the Spanish Civil War, where he was acquainted with Ernest Hemingway. In 1936, he was captured by an "Italian tank crew and deported, by way of several jails" to France.
Gorrell was the chief reporter with American troops for United Press as the United States entered the war. For his actions during an air mission in 1942, he became the first correspondent to be decorated in the Middle East during World War II and only the second correspondent to be decorated during the entire war. He was awarded the Air Medal for gallantry by order of President Roosevelt. He also filed the first report on the invasion of Normandy in 1944. On August 26, 1944, he was among the first, along with Ernie Pyle, to enter the city after the liberation of Paris.
Gorrell followed the British army to North Africa and Palestine and finally he covered a very obscure aspect of World War II, the revolt of Iraq. In his memoir, he mentions some personal statements of some local British commanders who accepted that their stronghold in Habaniya was surrounded by thousands of armed Arabs aided by some German planes without a hope to stand. Another curious detail is that Iran also was threatened in a similar way but was occupied by Russian and British forces obviously in full co-operation. Henry Gorrell was there reporting in detail for the United Press.
After the war, he left United Press to establish and edit the Veterans' Report from 1946 until his death.
Gorrell's memoir, Soldier of the press: covering the front in Europe and North Africa (1936-1943), was published posthumously by Kenneth Gorrell in 2009. The memoir covers Gorrell's experiences on the battlefields of the Spanish Civil War and the war fronts in Greece, the Balkans, the Middle East and North Africa in World War II.
# Kashi Chak railway station

vteGaya–Kiul line :
Legend :
Sources: Google maps; India Rail Info :
Kashi Chak railway station is a railway station on Gaya–Kiul line of Delhi–Kolkata Main Line in East Central Railway zone under Danapur railway division of the Indian Railways. The railway station is situated at Kashi Chak in Nawada district in the Indian state of Bihar.
# Spicers Peak

Spicers Peak (Aboriginal: Binkinjoora) is a mountain in Australia. It lies roughly 120 km west of Brisbane in the middle of the Main Range National Park. It is just south of Cunninghams Gap and Mount Mitchell. Its summit height is approximately 1,205 metres (3953 ft).
The only known track to the summit is through private land, although there is easy access across country through the national park from Spicers Gap Road. Access is possible with The Scenic Rim Trail by Spicers that provides a guided walk to the summit. The upper section of the Peak displays views as far back as Brisbane and encompasses a world heritage listed rainforest.
The local Uragapul people call this mountain, Binkinjoora, meaning a turtle with its head sticking up. The name, Spicer's Gap, was given to the mountain by Allan Cunningham after Peter Beauclerk Spicer who was the Superintendent of convicts. Spicer had noted the peak while searching for escaped convicts.
The peak is located just to the south of Spicers Gap which was once the main route between Brisbane and the Darling Downs.
# Henry Iles Woodcock

Henry Iles Woodcock was Chief Justice of Tobago from 1862 until 1867.
Iles wrote a history of Tobago, published in 1867.
# Henry Purcell (judge)

Henry Purcell (1844 – January 21, 1931) was a justice of the New York Supreme Court.
# Henry Puckering

Henry Puckering (1638–1664) was an English politician from Warwickshire.
Puckering was apparently the only surviving son of his father, Sir Henry Puckering, 3rd Baronet, of The Priory in Warwick. His father had been born Henry Newton, but changed the family's name to Puckering some time after 1636, when he inherited the estates of his uncle Sir Thomas Puckering, 1st Baronet. (The title came not from the uncle, but from his father Sir William Newton, 2nd Baronet).
The younger Henry Puckering was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where graduated in 1657. He travelled abroad 1657 to 1658, and was admitted as a member of the Inner Temple in 1658.
At the general election of 1661 he was elected in his father's interest to the first Cavalier Parliament as a Member of Parliament for the borough of Warwick. He appears to have been a fairly active member, but died during the recess before the new session of Parliament began in March 1664.
His grave monument in Warwick was sculpted by James Hardy.
# Spokes (Lothian)

Spokes, the Lothian Cycle Campaign, was started in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1977 to campaign for better facilities for cyclists.
One of its first campaigns was for cycling to be allowed on Middle Meadow Walk (through The Meadows). After initial opposition, Edinburgh Corporation agreed. Since then Edinburgh's councils have gradually increased on and off-road facilities to encourage cycling. Pressure has been kept up by Spokes and its members.
Spokes has been actively involved in Safe Routes to School projects since 1996.
Spokes also publishes a cycle map for Edinburgh, and others for surrounding council areas.
# Springfield Township, Pennsylvania

Springfield Township, Pennsylvania may refer to:
* Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, the most populous town named Springfield in Pennsylvania, as well as the largest by area
* Springfield Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania
* Springfield Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania
* Springfield Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania
* Springfield Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
* Springfield Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
* Springfield Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania
* Springfield Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
* Springfield Township, York County, Pennsylvania
# Spread-winged skipper

Pyrginae, commonly known as spread-winged skippers, are a subfamily of the skipper butterfly family (Hesperiidae). The subfamily was established by Hermann Burmeister in 1878. Their delimitation and internal systematics has changed considerably in recent years with the most recent review being in 2019.
It still is the second-largest subfamily of skipper butterflies, although of its over 1,000 species a considerable number are no longer in that classification.

## Description and distribution

Spread-winged skippers bask with their wings held wide open. The wings are held closed when they are at rest. They are usually brown, black, or checkered, but some are brilliantly coloured. Some have long tailed hind wings.
Males maintain territories and frequently perch on overhanging branches and tree trunks. They do not visit flowers for sustenance, but rather drink fluids from dung, carrion, and rotting fruit.
A large and successful subfamily, the spread-winged skippers are found essentially worldwide, except in very cold or desert regions. They probably originated in the tropics and subsequently extended their range into more temperate regions.
Most of the more advanced tribes, on the other hand, are very diverse in the Neotropics, which their ancestors would have found most easy to reach by crossing the central Atlantic Ocean, rather than taking the longer route via Europe and North America or the Pacific Ocean. It is also possible that the group originated in the Neotropics and subsequently dispersed eastwards to Africa via the Intertropical Convergence Zone.

## Tribes

The four tribes of the Pyrginae in their modern circumscription are, in phylogenetic sequence:
* Carcharodini
* Achlyodidini
* Erynnini
* Pyrgini

### Former tribes

* Celaenorrhinini - now placed within the subfamily Tagiadinae
* Eudamini - now placed within the subfamily Eudaminae
* Tagiadini - now placed within the subfamily Tagiadinae
* Pyrrhopygini - now placed within the subfamily Pyrrhopyginae

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Daniels (2003): p.12
* ↑ Li, Wenlin; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Zhang, Jing; Hallwachs, Winnie; Janzen, Daniel H.; Grishin, Nick V. (2019-03-26). "Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (13): 6232–6237. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.6232L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821304116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6442542. PMID 30877254.
# Hercules and Omphale (Boucher)

Hercules and Omphale is an oil-on-canvas painting by François Boucher, painted in 1732–1734 and now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow. It was in the Yusupov collection in Saint Petersburg until 1930. It dates to the period just after Boucher completed his studies with François Lemoyne.
# Kataragama Bodhiya

Kataragama Bodhiya (also called Ashta Pala Ruha Bodhiya, Ananda Bodhiya) is a sacred fig (Bo tree) located in Kataragama, Sri Lanka.

## History

An old tree with historical and religious significance, it is believed to be planted in the 3rd century BC by the Kshatriyas of Kataragama, during the reign of king Devanampiyatissa of Anuradhapura. Kataragama Bodhiya is believed to be one of the first eight saplings that emerged from Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura, which were planted in different places of the island around the 3rd century BC.

## Present day

Today Kataragama Bodhiya is venerated by thousands of Buddhist devotees who are on pilgrimage to Kataragama sacred town. This Bodhi tree is located very close to the Ruhuna Maha Kataragama Devalaya, an ancient temple which dedicated to Kataragama deviyo, a deity venerated by Buddhists, Hindus and other religious believers. Another old sacred fig known as "Kadawara Bodhiya" is located near the Kataragama Bodhiya. It is identified as a Pariwara Bodhiya of the main Kataragama Bodhiya.
# Hermann Allmers

Hermann Allmers (11 February 1821, Rechtenfleth – 9 March 1902) was a German poet.
He was an only child, and was privately tutored. He began his career in public education, but took over the family farm after the death of his father in 1849.
Through travel, he met a number of influential people who inspired him to take writing seriously, leading to his publication of his Marschenbuch in 1858.
He wrote the poem Feldeinsamkeit which was then made into a song by Johannes Brahms.
Allmers was born in Rechtenfleth [de], just north of Sandstedt, and died in Rechtenfleth also.
# Hermann Achmüller

Hermann Achmüller (born 17 February 1971) is an Italian male mountain runner, who won a medal at the World Long Distance Mountain Running Championships (2007).
He won Vienna City Marathon in 2006 and Jungfrau Marathon in 2008.
# Kathryn Craft

Kathryn Craft (born September 9, 1956) is an American author of literary fiction and contemporary women's fiction.

## Early life and education

Kathryn Graham was born on September 9, 1956, in Syracuse, New York and graduated from Dulaney High School in 1974. She later attended Miami University and graduated with a BS in Biological Sciences Education in 1978. She later obtained M.A. in Health and Physical Education with a dance concentration in 1980.

## Working career

After college, Craft worked as a dancer, choreographer, and movement instructor from 1978 to 1992 and also was a freelance dance critic for The Morning Call in Allentown, Pennsylvania until 2002. She also owned a business that created marketing materials for small businesses and nonprofit groups called Themes & Variations.
Craft also served in various leadership capacities for the Women's Fiction Writer's Association, the Philadelphia Writer's Conference, and the Greater Lehigh Valley Writers Group.
Since 2007, Craft has been the editor and owner of Writing-Partner.com.

## Writing career

On October 20, 1997, Craft's husband had a 12-hour standoff with the police that ended up with his suicide. She initially wanted to write a memoir of her life, but her focus continually returned to her husband's standoff with the police. The events had changed her, and she understood that her life would never be the same. In 2000, Craft started writing fiction and her first novel took on the subject of eating disorders in the female dance community. The process took eight years, and the outcome was a novel called "The Art of Falling". The book's lead character, Penny, is pushed to the edge of despair, and this helped Craft forgive her husband in some way and helped to bring the events of 1997 into a cathartic experience for Craft.
After writing The Art of Falling, Craft decided to novelize the events of her husband's death and suicide. She wrote her second novel, "The Far End of Happy" in over ten months. The novel's events take place during 12 hours and are told through the eyes of family members.

## Personal

Craft lives in Doylestown, Pennsylvania with her husband.
# Spring Hope hemp mill

The Hemp Inc. mill in Spring Hope, North Carolina is the largest industrial hemp processing facility in the United States. It is on North Carolina Highway 581.
The mill, a 70,000-square-foot (6,500 m$^2$) former sweet potato processing plant, contains a decorticator to separate hemp hurds from external fibers, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for CBD recovery.
Fiber products will become textiles and composites used in the automobile industry.
# Spirit (J-Rocks album)

Spirit is the second studio album by Indonesian rock band J-Rocks, released on 2007 in Indonesia by Aquarius Musikindo.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by J-Rocks
# Kartikeya Singh

Kartikeya Singh (also known as Kartik Singh, Kartikey Kumar and Kartik Master) is an Indian politician affiliated with the Rashtriya Janata Dal. He currently serves as a member of the Bihar Legislative Council and was appointed as a Cabinet minister in the government led by Nitish Kumar in Bihar.

## Background and career

Kartik Kumar is considered to be close to don-turned-politician Anant Kumar Singh. He was elected to the Bihar Legislative Council in April 2022, winning the election from Patna on the ticket of Rashtriya Janata Dal.
He briefly served as Bihar's Law Minister before his removal from the position in August 2022. He was removed from the post of Law Minister due to facing kidnapping charges in a 2014 case and being issued a warrant in the case by the Danapur sub-divisional court. His removal came following opposition from various political parties and public protests against his appointment to the Law Ministry. After his removal from the Law Ministry, Kartik Kumar was appointed as the Minister of Sugarcane Industries. However, he resigned from this position on the same day of his appointment.
He was a teacher before entering politics. His wife, Ranjana Kumari, served as the chief (Mukhiya) for two consecutive terms. He came into contact with Anant Kumar Singh in 2005. He also served as an election strategist for Anant Singh. He has assets worth Rs. 990 million, as per his declaration in the election.
As of August 2020, he faces multiple charges including theft, kidnapping, rioting, obstructing government work, criminal conspiracy and extortion while armed with deadly weapons. He is also accused of causing damage to public infrastructure such as roads, bridges and rivers.
# Kartikeya temple

Kartikeya temple is a type of Hindu temple where the main deity is Lord Kartikeya (also called Lord Murugan or Skanda), one of the sons of prime Hindu deities Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. Such temples are usually found in the southern part of India and the south eastern Asian countries. There are six abodes of Lord Murugan all of which are in Tamil Nadu state of India.

## Forms

The following are some of the forms of Kartikeya appearing mainly in temples:
* Kartikeya in Kartikeya Temple, Pehowa
* Murugan in Kundrathur Murugan Temple
* Dhandayuthapani in Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple in Pallhani
* Subramanyaswamy in Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Thiruparankundram
* Balathandayuthapani in Balathandayuthapani Temple in Penang, Malaysia
* Kandaswamy in Thiruporur Kandaswamy temple
* Swaminathar in Swaminatha Swamy Temple in Swamimalai