OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tribal casteism

Tribal casteism encompasses South Asian practices of social marginalisation within tribes. These practices are often overlooked by scholars and the media because of a colonial legacy that employed orientalist empiricism to construct tribes as egalitarian and structurally opposite to Hindu caste society. Indian sociologists and historians often appeal to a "tribe-to-caste continuum" that has elements of contested social evolution and miss the fluid and changing nature of tribal social organization, both internally and with regard to state recognition for affirmative action quotas—Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

## Overview

Scholars have not determined the scope of tribal casteism; there are no systematic surveys of the over 700 tribes and 2,000 tribal petitioning communities in India—a population of more than 100 million. There are specific ethnographers who either focus on tribal casteism or reference it in their work. In Himachal Pradesh, the activist-lawyer Lal Chand Dhissa detailed caste discriminations within tribes in his book The Injustices of the Constitution. He argues for central recognition of tribal casteism and the protection of "Scheduled Tribe Dalits" (Scheduled Tribes and Dalits are recognized as mutually exclusive by the Constitution of India).
Ethnographic analyses of the Gaddi tribe in Himachal Pradesh has focused on tribal casteism in the domains of ritual exclusion, Christian conversion, regional differences, and caste hiding through the Arya Samaj leading to state misrecognition and the denial of constitutionally mandated quotas. Tribal casteism is particularly harmful because it involves double marginalisation. Tribal people are often imagined as relatively primitive in the Indian collective consciousness of castes; and within these marginalised groups, there are indigenous practices of exclusion that are themselves casteist.
# Multnomah County Central Courthouse

The Multnomah County Central Courthouse serves as the courthouse for Multnomah County, Oregon. It is located in downtown Portland, Oregon, the county seat. It opened in October 2020, replacing a nearby building that had been constructed between 1909 and 1914.
Ground was broken on the project to build the new courthouse in October 2016, at which time it was scheduled to be completed in 2020 and cost $300 million. It reached its full height of 325 feet (99 m) on November 9, 2018. The building opened to the public on October 5, 2020.
# T-Shirt (pop duo)

T-Shirt were a short-lived English pop duo which consisted of songwriter Miranda Cooper and actress Chloé Treend. They released one single in 1997; a cover of the Hot Chocolate song "You Sexy Thing". This and the version by Clock were released at almost the same time as the 1997 re-issue of the Hot Chocolate original.
"You Sexy Thing" was a success, reaching number five in New Zealand, number six in Australia, number 10 in Belgium (Ultratip) and number 63 in the United Kingdom. In Australia and New Zealand, the single earned platinum certifications.
# Heliotropium hirsutissimum

Heliotropium hirsutissimum, the hairy heliotrope, is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to the eastern Mediterranean; Greece (including Crete), Turkey (including the European portion), Cyprus, the Levant, Egypt, and Libya. It contains a number of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Grauer is listed as the authority by some sources.
# Querévalo

Querévalo is a village and corregimiento in Alanje District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It is located near Canas Blancas, on both banks of the Río Chico or Stone. It has a land area of 34.5 square kilometres (13.3 sq mi) and had a population of 1,751 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 50.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (132/sq mi). Its population as of 1990 was 1,402; its population as of 2000 was 1,536.
Within the township there are 2 elementary schools, one of which is located in the Querévalo header and one in River Edge, a Corregiduría, 2 Public Health Post, among other infrastructure. The water system is based on deep wells, which are administered by township residents through health committees.
The main economic activities are agriculture site and livestock, these being segmented according to the location of the territory (left or right margin of the Río Chico).
# Sciotropis

Sciotropis is a genus of damselflies. There are at least two described species in Sciotropis.
As a result of molecular phylogenetic studies by Dijkstra et al. in 2013, the genus Sciotropis is considered "incertae sedis", without an assigned family but within the superfamily Calopterygoidea.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Sciotropis:
* Sciotropis cyclanthorum Rácenis, 1959
* Sciotropis lattkei De Marmels, 1994
# Neohebestola parvula

Neohebestola parvula is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Blanchard in 1851. It is known from Chile.
# Mittag-Lefflerbreen

Mittag-Lefflerbreen is a glacier at Spitsbergen, Svalbard in the Arctic Ocean. The glacier is located in Ny-Friesland, Dickson Land and Olav V Land, and debouches into Austfjorden. It is named after Swedish mathematician Gösta Mittag-Leffler. The lower, northern part of the glacier is included in the Indre Wijdefjorden National Park.
# Salem County Insane Asylum

Salem County Insane Asylum is located in Mannington Township, Salem County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1870 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 27, 2008.
# Multnomah College

Multnomah College, was a two-year, private college located in Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon. Established in 1897 as the Educational Department of the YMCA in downtown Portland, the school was the oldest fully accredited two-year college in the U.S. Pacific Northwest at the time it was absorbed by the University of Portland (UP) in 1969.

## History

The college classes started in 1897 at Fourth and Yamhill in Downtown Portland when the YMCA, then led by Harry William Stone, started offering night classes. At that time it was known as the Department of Education of the Portland Y. M. C. A. In 1909, the YMCA moved to Sixth and Taylor, as the school needed more space after starting to offer day-time classes as well. The school added electrician classes in 1912, followed by accounting and auto repair before opening an engineering department in 1919. In 1920, the school became an institution with degree granting authority, and then changed its name to the Oregon Institute of Technology.
The school then started a junior college in 1931 before becoming Multnomah College in 1937 for the college portion of the school. All other portions of the school were then merged into Multnomah College in 1945, and the school became a non-profit with its own board of regents in 1946. In 1969, the school decided to merge into the University of Portland, the state's only Catholic university.
Prior to the merger into UP, it had an enrollment of 750 full-time students, including 140 from countries outside the United States, taught by a faculty of 50, as of April 1969. At that time the school's campus occupied five buildings, including the modern-day Multnomah Building. The college was noted for its engineering program, prompting the university to rename its own the "Multnomah School of Engineering" as part of plan, which UP president Paul E. Waldschmidt described as a merger of "boards and resources, not of faculty and students. Multnomah's president, John S. Griffith, became a University of Portland senior vice president under that plan. He remarked to the press that college's mission had been fulfilled "by the development of the community college system throughout the state."
The YMCA building was demolished in 1977.
# Karl Ballenberger

Karl Ballenberger (1801–1860) was a 19th-century German painter who worked in an archaic, medievalising style.

## Life

Ballenberger was born at Ansbach on 24 July 1801, the son of a carpenter. He attended a drawing school and worked as decorator in a porcelain factory in Bruckberg, before becoming a stonemason. In 1831 he moved to Munich, where he was instructed in drawing by Friedrich Hoffstadt, a collector of medieval art who later published his Gotisches A-B-C Buch with illustrations by himself and Ballenberger. Ballenberger then attended the city's Academy. During his period in Munich he carved the ornaments on the Gothic tower of the church at Nördlingen, and also painted a stained glass window in the choir there.
In 1833 he moved to Frankfurt am Main with Hoffstadt. There he studied at the Städelsches Kunstinstitut, then under the direction of the Nazarene painter Philipp Veit. When Veit resigned from the Kunstinstitut, Ballenberger, with a group of other students, followed him to the Deutsche Haus in Sachsenhausen.
Ballenberger made a close study of early German art, and painted in an archaic, medievalising style. Although his works were hard in drawing and colouring, he achieved considerable success. He was commissioned to paint four portraits, those of Conrad I, Ludwig of Bavaria, Günther von Schwarzburg and Rupert of the Palatinate, for the Imperial Hall of the "Römer", at Frankfurt. He also painted a large picture for the city of Augsburg, depicting the history of the Reformation there. Other works included series of scenes from legendary, historical, literary or religious subjects, sometimes on canvas or wood, and sometimes in watercolour on paper.
He etched a plate of the arms of artists. His Death of St. Meinrad was engraved by Heinrich Nüsser.
He died at Frankfurt on 21 September 1860.
# Sir Bhanna Union Council

Sir Bhanna also spelled as Sarbhana is a residential town and a union council of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, the population is 16,228.

## Subdivisions

* Aziz Mang
* Desal, Pakistan
* Khan, Pakistan
* Mohar Khurd
* Sadra, Pakistan
* Seegah
* Sir Bhanna
# Magyarvalkó

Magyarvalkó is the Hungarian name for two places in Romania:
* Văleni village, Călățele Commune, Cluj County
* Valcău de Jos Commune, Sălaj County (until 1899; subsequently called Alsóvalkó)
# Quincy Detenamo

Quincy Saul Detenamo (born 8 March 1979) was an Olympic weightlifter who was found guilty of manslaughter in Australia.

## Biography

Quincy Detenamo was born in Buada, Nauru. He was one of only a few athletes who represented his country at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He competed as a weightlifter when his weight was 168 pounds. He was in the middleweight weightlifting team and his cousin, Itte Detenamo, also competed at a later Olympics.
Detenamo was placed 20th overall at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games in the Men's Middleweight division.
Detenamo also competed in 1998 World Weightlifting Championships – Men's 77 kg division. The championship took place in Lahti, Finland and he was placed 22nd.
In 2002 Detenamo was at the Commonwealth Games in Manchester but was placed 14th.
In 2005 he was found guilty following the death of Grace Ilardi, a 39-year-old prostitute on 17 July 2004. Her post mortem indicated that she had been beaten and strangled and he was charged with murder but he was eventually convicted of manslaughter. Detenamo had left the country following the murder but was arrested when he returned.
Detenamo showed some remorse, but he was sentenced to nine years and assured that he would serve seven of these.
# Neohedobia

Neohedobia is a genus of death-watch and spider beetles in the family Ptinidae. There is one described species in Neohedobia, N. texana.
# Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University

Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University (MIU) is a private university in Nerian Sharif, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, that offers undergraduate and post-graduate education.

## Recognized university

Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, Azad Kashmir is a chartered university and is recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC).

## Degree programs

* Bachelor of Business Administration
* Bachelor of Commerce
* BS Biotechnology
* BS Chemistry
* BS Computer Science
* BS English
* BS Islamic Studies
* BS Mathematics
* BS Sports Sciences & Physical Education
* LLB (5 Years)
* M.A English
* M.Phil. Biotechnology
* M.Phil. Botany
* M.Phil. Chemistry
* M.Phil. Education
* M.Sc. Botany
* M.Sc. Chemistry
* M.Sc. Economics
* M.Sc. Mathematics
* MS Computer Science
* MS Management Science
* Ph.D. Mathematics
* MBBS
* Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD)
# Saitama Prefectural Assembly

The Saitama Prefectural Assembly (埼玉県議会, Saitama-ken Gikai) is the prefectural parliament of Saitama Prefecture.

## Current composition

As of 2021, the assembly was composed as follows:
Composition of the Saitama Prefectural Assembly :
| Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats |
| | Liberal Democratic Party | 49 |
| | Kenminkaigi (Independents) | 14 |
| | Minshu Forum (CDP/DPFP/Saitamaken Shimin Network) | 9 |
| | Kōmeitō | 9 |
| | Japanese Communist Party | 6 |
| | Kaikaku (Independent) | 1 |
| | Independents | 1 |
| | Vacant | 4 |
| Total (including vacant seats) | Total (including vacant seats) | 93 |

## Organisation
### President and Vice-President

* President: Takashi Kinoshita (LDP), elected from Sakado
* Vice-President: Masaru Okachi (LDP), elected from Okegawa
# T-Square (software)

T-Square is an early drafting program written by Peter Samson assisted by Alan Kotok and possibly Robert A. Saunders while they were students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and members of the Tech Model Railroad Club.
T-Square was written for the PDP-1 computer and its Type 30 precision CRT that Digital Equipment Corporation donated to MIT in 1961. It is unlikely that many people have had the opportunity to use T-Square although Samson has said the group drew some schematics.

## Authors

Students of Jack Dennis and John McCarthy discovered a stunning array of uses for the very expensive room-sized computers that were given to MIT. They were privileged to be enrolled when the school's first programming courses were taught.
They negotiated with their advisors and the operations manager John McKenzie for time and became single-users long before personal computers were available. About 1959 or 1960, some of this group of students became support staff and wrote software for about $1.75 USD per hour. They wrote the programming software which is used to build application software. Later Samson and Kotok became architects of DEC computers.

## CAD

During this period Samson created other "firsts" in application software for music, games and page layout so it is perhaps not surprising he wrote what may be the first drafting program. Based on this experience, later in life Samson worked on an electronic drafting program with 80,000 lines of code. He received a patent in virtual reality at Autodesk, a vendor of CAD and CAM software.

## Input device

To move the cursor, T-Square used a Spacewar! game controller built by Kotok and Saunders in 1962. It is not known if Saunders was involved in repurposing it for T-Square. Kotok, who was about 20 years old, did participate. He was known for doing what needed to be done and for taking an interest in "all things ingenious or intriguing."
The Spacewar! control boxes were cobbled together with wood, Bakelite and toggle switches. Although they are often considered to be the first joysticks, Kotok did not accept credit for coinventing them with Saunders.

## Influence

T-Square is a small part of the reason people use today's computers for drafting, architecture, drawing and illustration and engineering. Prior to this revolution and in some places to this day, draftsmen and women used triangles, wood or metal T-squares, pencils and technical pens on film and paper. The beginning of this change can be seen in a video of Sutherland demonstrating Sketchpad.
In his 1963 MIT Ph.D. thesis, Sutherland explains he completed an early version that could draw parallel and perpendicular lines in November 1961. He goes on to say, "Somewhat before my first effort was working, Welden Clark of Bolt, Beranek and Newman..." showed him a "similar program" running on a PDP-1. T-Square and Sketchpad were developed in the same location a year or two apart but their influence on each other is unknown.
# Spartiniphaga

Spartiniphaga was a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. It is now considered to be a synonym of Photedes.

## Former species

* Spartiniphaga carterae is now Photedes carterae Schweitzer, 1983
* Spartiniphaga includens is now Photedes includens (Walker, 1858)
* Spartiniphaga inops is now Photedes inops (Grote, 1881)
* Spartiniphaga panatela is now Photedes panatela (Smith, 1904)
# Vincent baronets

There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Vincent, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.
The Vincent Baronetcy, of Stoke d'Abernon in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of England on 26 July 1620 for Francis Vincent. For more information on this creation, see the Viscount D'Abernon.
The Vincent Baronetcy, of Watton in the County of Norfolk, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 18 January 1937 for Percy Vincent, Lord Mayor of London from 1935 to 1936.

## Vincent baronets, of Stoke d'Abernon (1620)

* see the Viscount D'Abernon

## Vincent baronets, of Watton (1937)

* Sir Percy Vincent, 1st Baronet (1868–1943), for a time Lord Mayor of London
* Sir Lacey Eric Vincent, 2nd Baronet (1902–1963)
* Sir William Percy Maxwell Vincent, 3rd Baronet (born 1945)
The heir apparent is the present holder's son Edward Mark William Vincent (born 1978).
Coat of arms of the Vincent baronets of Watton :
* CrestIn front of two bird-bolts points downwards saltirewise Or a Labrador retriever dog statant Sable.
* EscutcheonAzure a chevron between two garbs in chief and in base a castle all Or.
* MottoFortitudine Et Conatu
# Mahulena

Mahulena (pronounced mah-huw-leh-nah) is a female given name of Czech origin. The Slovak variant is Mahuliena (pronounced mah-huw-LI-ye-nah). The name days are 17 November (Czech) and 22 July (Slovak).
Mahulena may also refer to:
* Mahulena Bočanová, Czech actress
* Mahulena Nešlehová, Czech painter's theorist and curator
* Mahulena Richterová, doctor of medicine

## Fictional works

* Mahuliena, Golden Maiden, Slovak-German fairy-tale from 1986
* Radúz and Mahulena, the dramatic poem by Julius Zeyer
# Quiviger

Quiviger or Kivijer is a surname, and may refer to;
Quiviger derives from kivijer which means 'tanner' in Breton.
* Pascale Quiviger (born 1969), Canadian writer
* Pierre-Yves Quiviger, French philosopher
# Neoasterolepisma foreli

Neoasterolepisma foreli is a species of silverfish in the family Lepismatidae.
# Trigger Law

Trigger Law is a 1944 American Western film directed by Vernon Keays and starring Hoot Gibson, Bob Steele and Beatrice Gray.

## Cast

* Hoot Gibson as Hoot Gibson
* Bob Steele as Bob Steele
* Beatrice Gray as Sally Buchanan
* Ralph Lewis as Tom Buchanan
* Ed Cassidy as Johnson
* Jack Ingram as Kelso McGuire
* George Eldredge as Corey
* Pierce Lyden as Ace
* Lane Chandler as Tex
* Bud Osborne as Furness
* George Morrell as Keno
* Terry Frost as Randall
# Mumbai railway division

Mumbai railway division may refer to:
* Mumbai CR railway division
* Mumbai WR railway division
# Iashvili (family)

The House of Iashvili (Georgian: იაშვილი) was a Georgian noble family known in Imereti (west Georgia) from the fifteenth century.

## History

In 1724, one of the members of this family followed the Georgian king Vakhtang VI of Kartli in his emigration to the Russian Empire, giving origin to a Russian branch known as Yashvil (Яшвиль). The Georgian line was received among the princely houses of the Russian Empire in 1850.

## Notable members

* Lev Mikhailovich Yashvil (1772–1836), Russian general of artillery
* Vladimir Mikhailovich Yashvil (1764–1815), Major General
* Vladimir Vladimirovich Yashvil (1815–1864), Major General
* Lev Vladimirovich Yashvil (1859–1917), Governor of Siberia.
# Henry's Tavern

Henry's Tavern is a small chain of bars and restaurants. It currently exists in two locations, one in Portland International Airport, and another in Denver, Colorado.

## History

The original Henry's Tavern was a bar and restaurant in the Weinhard Brewery Complex at 12th Avenue and Burnside Street, in northwest Portland's Pearl District. Named after Henry Weinhard, the restaurant had more than 100 beers on tap. Plans for locations in Bellevue and Seattle's South Lake Union neighborhood were announced in 2017.
In July 2019, Henry's parent company, Restaurants Unlimited Inc, declared bankruptcy, and by September had closed the original Henry's location, along with its locations in Seattle, Bellevue, and Plano, Texas.
# VietNam (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Rolling Stone | |
VietNam is the full-length debut of VietNam, released in January 2007. Mickey Madden and Jesse Carmichael of Maroon 5 helped record this album, with Madden serving as one of the executive producers. Jenny Lewis from Rilo Kiley also makes an appearance on the album.

## Track listing

* "Step On Inside" - 3:11
* "Priest Poet & The Pig" - 5:00
* "Apocalypse" - 4:52
* "Mr. Goldfinger" - 4:08
* "Toby" - 7:28
* "Gabe" - 2:31
* "Welcome to My Room" - 5:31
* "Hotel Riverview" - 4:43
* "Summer in the City" - 5:02
* "Too Tired" - 12:04

## Trivia

* The song Step On Inside appeared in the 2007 movie I Know Who Killed Me, starring Lindsay Lohan.
* In the album booklet, Carmichael's name is misspelled as "Jessie".

## Personnel

Taken from album booklet:
Lead musicians: Michael Gerner, Joshua Grubb, Ivan Berko, Michael Foss Additional musicians: Paz Lenchantin, Ana Lenchantin, Paloma Udovic, Dave Scher, Mickey Madden, Jesse Carmichael, Casey Brown, Jason Lader, Cross Roads Girl Choir, Jenny Lewis, Liam Philpot, Slim Zwerling Produced by: Dave Scher, Jason Lader, Mickey Madden Engineered by: Jason Lader Assistance-Engineered by: Paul Figueroa, Kevin Dean, Eric Palaba Studio Assistance: Josh Smith Recorded at: Sound City Studios, July–August 2005 and The Sound Factory, August 2005 Mixed by: Jason Lader at Sunset Sound, May 2006 Mastered by: Rick Essig Photo by: Jennifer Tzar Cover by: Vincent Perini, David Black Published by Freedom School Publishing (ASCAP), Billy Josh (ASCAP), Farm Road 149 (ASCAP), Lactaid (ASCAP) Management by: Casey Brown Legal Representation by: Richard Grabel for Davis, Shapiro, Lewit, Hayes
All songs are written by: Michael Gerner and Joshua Grubb All songs are arranged by: Michael Gerner, Joshua Grubb, Ivan Berko, Michael Foss
# Mahul Creek

Mahul Creek is a tidal creek in north west Mumbai. It opens into the Thane Creek. The creek is located near the neighbourhoods of Chembur and Mahul. It is surrounded by mangrove forests. When measured from the high tide line of one bank to another, the creek is over 350 metres (1,148 ft) wide. It also serves as a discharge for excess rainwater in eastern suburban Mumbai.
* This Mumbai location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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