OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stopper (plug)

A stopper, bung, or cork is a cylindrical or conical closure used to seal a container, such as a bottle, tube, or barrel.

## Description

Unlike a lid or bottle cap, which encloses a container from the outside without displacing the inner volume, a bung is partially or wholly inserted inside the container to act as a seal. A bung can be defined as "a plug or closure used to close an opening in a drum or barrel. It is called a plug when referring to a steel drum closure."
A glass stopper is often called a "ground glass joint" (or "joint taper"), and a cork stopper is called simply a "cork". Stoppers used for wine bottles are referred to as "corks", even when made from another material.
A common every-day example of a stopper is the cork of a wine bottle. When used to seal the bungholes of barrels, the stopper is called a bung. Other bungs, particularly those used in chemical barrels, may be made of metal and be screwed into place via threading.

## Ground glass joint

Ground glass joint (or ground glass stoppers) are commonly used with laboratory glassware, mainly because of their nonreactivity. Some stoppers used in labs have holes in them to allow the insertion of glass or rubber tubing. This is often used when a reaction is taking place in the flask or test tube and the byproduct or result of the reaction is desired to be collected. For instance, if one were to boil water in a test tube and wanted to collect the water vapor, one could seal the test tube with a stopper with holes in it. With tubing inserted into the hole(s), when the tube is heated, water vapor will rise through the hole, make its way through the tubing, and into the collection chamber of choice. The water vapor would not be able to escape into the air, because the stopper and the tubing, if set up correctly, would be airtight.

## Rubber bungs

In chemistry, bungs made of hardened rubber are frequently used in small-scale experimental set-ups involving non-corrosive gases. Some chemistry bungs may also include one or more holes so a glass tube or laboratory funnel may be inserted through the bung and into the container or another piece of apparatus. The rubber bung may be used to seal a flask because the user may require the contents to be mixed via shaking the flask or may require that the contents be kept inside the flask and prevented from leaking out. In all cases, the bung keeps the experimentation environment sealed so that liquids or gases cannot escape (or enter).
For applications that place higher demands on the bung in terms of temperature and mechanical stability or solvent resistance, standardized glass stoppers and connectors are preferred.
Bottle stoppers made from gutta-percha, a natural rubber that is both chemically resistant and thermoplastic, were the first product of the Gutta Percha Company, better known for making submarine telegraph cables.
# Store Styggehøe

Store Styggehøe or Styggehøe is a mountain in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,213-metre (7,260 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of the village of Fossbergom and about 43 kilometres (27 mi) northeast of the village of Øvre Årdal. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Galdhøpiggen, Svellnosbreahesten, and Midtre Tverråtinden to the northwest; Bukkehøe and Lindbergtinden to the west; Store Bukkeholstinden to the southwest; Bukkeholshøe to the southeast; Leirhøi and Veobreahesten to the east; and Spiterhøi and Skauthøi to the northeast.
# William Andrews (Australian actor)

William Alexander Andrews (21 July 1836 – 28 September 1878), sometimes referred to as "Billy Andrews", was an Australian comic actor, who had a short career but was immensely popular, and like G. V. Brooke, became the yardstick by which later comedians were judged.

## History

Andrews was born at 64 George Street, Sydney, "opposite the Central Police Station", a son of Alexander Andrews and Hebe Andrews, née Chippendale (1815–1874), who married 17 May 1834.
Notable roles include:
* Felix O'Callaghan in His Last Legs (1865) also played by his brother Alex.
* Baillie Nichol Jarvie in Rob Roy (1869)
* the mock Duke in Honeymoon (1868)
* "Perkyn Middlewick" in Our Boys (1878)
* "Deacon Skinner" in Struck Oil (1875)
* "Scrubs" in Rory O'More, his last appearance, which he played for two nights at the Sydney Queen's Theatre, but was practically inaudible, and died three weeks later of Bright's disease at his home in Liverpool Street, Woolloomooloo. His wife, brother and sister were with him at the end.
Criticism of his work is hard to find — apart from being cast as the Artful Dodger in Oliver Twist, which part should have gone to a much smaller man. In other productions he played Mr Bumble.

## Family

Andrews was married and had three children by a previous marriage:
* eldest daughter (born 22 April 1866), no details yet found
* William Inglewood Andrews (c. 1863 – 13 August 1885)
* Elizabeth Andrews (c. 3 June 1869 – 3 February 1887)
His brother Alec Andrews (1845 – 3 January 1895) was also a comedian; he had a sister at 70 Albion Street, Surry Hills, and another brother, James, about whom little has been found. His widow remarried and lived in Melbourne.
# William Andrews (naturalist)

William Andrews (1802 – 11 March 1880) was an English naturalist.
Andrews was born in Chichester, but is chiefly known in connection with Irish natural history. He was one of the earliest members, and subsequently secretary and president, of the Dublin Natural History Society, in the proceedings of which he took a very active part. He at first devoted his attention to botany, but subsequently took up marine ichthyology, in which branch of science he made some important discoveries: he also published papers on ornithology and entomology. He distributed many botanical specimens, many of which were taken from plants cultivated in his garden, and hence accidental mistakes as to their origin not infrequently arose. His name is best known to botanists in connection with a variety (Andrewsii) of the Killarney fern (Trichomanes radicans). He died in Dublin on 11 March 1880.
# William Duncan McNally

William Duncan McNally (July 8, 1882 – June 29, 1961) was the chief chemist in the Cook County Department of Public Health and the chief chemist for the Cook County Medical Examiner's office. He invented an early breathalyzer in 1927.
He was a holder of M.D.

## Biography

William Duncan McNally was born on July 8, 1882, in Saginaw, Michigan, to Elizabeth and Edward Henry McNally. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1905.
He married Helen Marie Pierce on September 22, 1906, in Chicago, Illinois. By 1911 he was working as a chemist at Armour and Company in East St. Louis, Illinois.
By 1918 he was the toxicologist for the Cook County Department of Public Health. He invented an early breathalyzer in 1927.
He died on June 29, 1961, in Mobile, Alabama.

## Works

* Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology (1939)
* Toxicology (1937)

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Contributor's Column, W. D. McNally". Chemical Bulletin. February 1, 1923. Retrieved 2014-01-02.
* ↑ "Contributor's Column, W. D. McNally". Chemical Bulletin. p. 32. Retrieved 2014-01-02.
* 1 2 "Test a Tippler's Breath". Popular Science. August 1, 1927. p. 56. Retrieved 2014-01-02.
* 1 2 William Duncan McNally in the World War I draft registration
* ↑ William Duncan McNally in the World War II draft registration
* 1 2 "Class of '05". Michigan Alumnus. 1910. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
* ↑ General Register for University of Michigan for 1904. University of Michigan. 1904. p. 297.
* ↑ "The Determination of Nitrogen in Commercial Ammoniates of High Nitrogen Content". Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. September 1, 1911.
# William Chong Wong

William Chong Wong (died June 17, 2018) was a Honduran economist, professor and politician. He twice served as Minister of Finance of Honduras, during the administrations of President Ricardo Maduro and President Porfirio Lobo Sosa. He was born in Honduras to Chinese immigrant parents and educated in Spain and the United States. He was a professor at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras and co-founded the Central American Technological University in 1987.

## Early life and education

Chong Wong was born in Puerto Cortés, Honduras, the eldest of five sons of two Chinese immigrants who had fled war-torn China in the 1940s. His father arrived in Honduras at the age of 28, via Hong Kong, the United States and Cuba. His mother arrived in 1947. He attended schools in Puerto Cortés and San Pedro Sula, before going to Spain to study chemical engineering. However, when his father died, he had to return to Honduras to help run the family's grocery store, as his mother spoke little Spanish. He later went to the United States to study economics and accounting.

## Career

After graduating from university, he worked in Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras, for the representative office of an American company. He started teaching at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH) at age 21, and had a teaching career that lasted for 34 years. He later became a manager at the National Bank for Agricultural Development (BANADESA), beginning his career in the public sector. In 1987, he co-founded the Central American Technological University (UNITEC), where he served as a director and professor.
Chong Wong was appointed Minister of Finance of Honduras by President Ricardo Maduro in 2004. During his tenure he completed the negotiation with the Paris Club for the cancellation of external debt owed by Honduras. When Porfirio Lobo Sosa became President of Honduras in January 2010, Chong Wong was again appointed as Minister of Finance. However, during Honduras' negotiation with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for a new aid agreement, IMF found that Honduras had failed to reach its deficit target in 2011. Chong Wong took responsibility and resigned in February 2012.
A week before his death in June 2018, Chong Wong was named as one of the 38 people implicated in a corruption case filed by MACCIH, the anti-corruption agency of the Organization of American States (OAS). The so-called "Pandora case" involved the alleged diversion of 282 million lempiras (about US$11.2 million) of public funds during the 2013 election campaign. He denied any wrongdoing.

## Personal life and death

Chong Wong was a Roman Catholic. He never married and had no children.
Chong Wong suffered from pancreatic cancer for the last two years of his life. He sought treatment in the United States and underwent chemotherapy. He died in Tegucigalpa on June 17, 2018, from respiratory arrest.
# William Daddano Sr.

William Daddano Sr. (December 28, 1912 – September 9, 1975), also known as "William Russo" and "Willie Potatoes," was a top enforcer and loan shark for the Chicago Outfit and a participant in some high-profile robberies.

## Early years

Born in Chicago, Illinois, Daddano became a member of the Forty-Two Gang, a local street gang from Maxwell Street on Chicago's West Side. Gang members included such future Outfit heavyweights as Sam Giancana ( also known as "Momo" or "Mooney") and Sam "Teets" Battaglia. He lived in North Riverside, Illinois with his wife Mary and five children. He never had a legitimate means of employment or business known to the FBI.

## Enforcer and mobster

By 1936, at age 24, Daddano had accumulated an extensive criminal record in the 42-Gang, including nine counts of bank robbery, larceny and auto theft. Giancana and Battaglia eventually recruited Daddano into the Chicago Outfit. In 1944, Daddano was arrested for attempting to steal three million war ration stamps. While police suspected that the Outfit was behind this crime, Daddano refused to name his accomplices. After World War II, Daddano became a leading enforcer for The Outfit. He also controlled illegal gambling operations in Dupage, Will and Kane counties and in the Chicago suburbs of Cicero and Berwyn.
Though a "made man" and valued "capo" in the Chicago Outfit. Daddano has been described as a "ruthless and pitiless killer" who was refined in torture with ice picks and blowtorches, keeping victims alive for hours while torturing them. In 1963, he had left a Capone-era mobster's wake with DeStefano, in his Cadillac, with Chicago police in hot pursuit of the speeding car. Daddano was the main suspect in at least seven murders.
Daddano also had the responsibility to know who every Chicago burglar was, so that the Chicago Outfit could take a "street tax ('Tribute')" percentage of everything he stole.

## Legitimate enterprises

A legitimate business that Daddano owned and operated in much of Chicago was a garbage collection company named, "West Suburban Scavanger [sic?] Service".

## Prison and death

In May 1966, Daddano was arrested and tried for hijacking $1 million in silver bullion, but was later acquitted. He was later arrested for conspiracy to rob a Franklin Park Bank, a heist planned by him six years earlier. Daddano was sentenced to 15 years in prison, in the Marion, Illinois, federal penitentiary, a supermax prison at the time. The prison was downgraded in 2006.
On September 9, 1975, he died of natural causes in prison, three months after Giancana was executed in the basement of his home by someone who has never been positively identified.
# William Frederick Faviell

William Frederick Faviell (1822 – 3 July 1902) was a British railway constructor. He constructed the first railway in India and later built railways in Ceylon and South Africa.

## Biography

Faviell was born in 1822 in Yorkshire. Son of a builder of bridges and canals, he began to work as a railway engineer on the Great Eastern Railway in Colchester with two of his brothers. Later, he decided to move his interests overseas and built railways in India, Ceylon and South Africa. Back in England, he bought the estate of Down Place in the Surrey where he lived with his wife Sarah and their six children until 1890. There, he decided to create one of the first Model Farm of the South of England at Blackwell Farm. He employed Henry Peak to design the new building. He died on 3 July 1902 at Tunbridge Wells.

## Work
### India

In 1850, Faviell obtained the contract to build the first section of railway in India. Although the idea came in 1843 from the chief engineer of the Bombay Government G. T. Clark, the construction of the 15.75-mile route began 7 years after under the direction of Faviell. It connected Bombay with Thane, Kalyan and with the Thal and Bhor Ghat inclines. Given the topography of the area on the crest of the Western Ghat mountain ranges, about 42,000 workers had to travel 15–20 miles each day carrying an estimated 6,296,061 cubic yards of earthwork on their heads. The low wages and the working conditions resulted in a riot in January 1859. Europeans were attacked by the Indian workforce with sticks and stones. Finally, Faviell gave up his contract in 1859 and was replaced by Solomon Tredwell.

### Ceylon

In 1863, Faviell began a new project of railway from Colombo through the hills of Kandy. In spite of the difficult geographical condition, the construction of the 73-mile route was a success when it was finished four years later.

### South Africa

His last foreign contract was in South Africa in 1877, where he undertook to extend the Port Elizabeth railway, then only 67 miles long, into the interior in the direction of Cradock and Graaff-Reinet.
# William Harrison (Archpriest of England)

William Harrison (c.1553–1621) was an English Roman Catholic priest. He was the third and last archpriest of England.

## Life

Born in Derbyshire circa 1553, he entered the English College, Douai in 1575. Ordained a deacon, he afterwards went to Rome. The records of the English College, Rome contain an entry to the effect that "Pater Gulielmus Harrison", then aged 25 years, and a priest studying Theology in the College, took the mission oath on 23 April 1578. He left the College for England on 26 March 1581, having previously, as usual on such occasions, had an audience with the Pope. From 1581 to 1587, he served the English mission, and in the last named year, went to Paris and became Licentiate in civil and canon law.
In 1590, he was entrusted by Father Robert Persons with the government of a small school for English in Eu, Normandy, and remained there until it was broken up by civil war, in 1593. Harrison then became the Procurator of the English College at Reims, took his degree of Doctor in Theology in 1597. Having returned to Douai when the college was restored there, he took his doctorate in divinity, in 1597, in that university, and was professor of theology at the English College until 1603.
He then went to Rome for five years, where he gained wide experience in ecclesiastical affairs. Harrison returned to Douai on 29 October 1608, and left it on 19 June 1609, when he set out on his way back to the mission in England.
Following the death of George Birkhead in 1614, Harrison was appointed archpriest of England by Pope Paul V on 23 February 1615. His brief was dated 11 July 1615. Besides the usual faculties, Pope Paul V granted to Harrison "Facultates pro archipresbytero Angliæ, in regnis Angliæ, Scotiæ, Hiberniæ, Monæ, et aliis locis dominii regis Magnæ Britanniæ, ac pro personis eorundum regnorum et dominiorum tantum" on 23 July 1615.
On 9 March 1617, Harrison issued a prohibition wherein secular priests under his jurisdiction were forbidden to attend plays by common players upon common stages, under penalty of losing their ecclesiastical faculties. In 1621 he sanctioned a protest sent to Rome by ten representatives of the secular regarding the institute established by Mary Ward as being opposed to the decrees of the Council of Trent.
His general policy was to restore peace between the secular clergy and the Jesuits while endeavouring to secure the independence of the former. To this end he aided Dr Matthew Kellison, president of the English College, Douai, in lessening the influence of the Jesuits there. He also aimed at restoring episcopal government in England. His influence ultimately secured this, though he himself died on 11 May 1621, just as his envoy was setting out for Rome.
# Storming Heaven (comics)

Storming Heaven is a comic strip created by Gordon Rennie and Frazer Irving, appearing in the British magazine 2000 AD. It features battles between psychedelic superheroes.

## Characters

* Dr Trips, based on Timothy Leary
* Thomas Caliban, based on Charles Manson

## Plot

In the early 1960s Professor Adam Laar tested his own experimental brand of LSD on himself, releasing superhuman powers. He assembled a group of superpowered hippies but the dark side of the era emerged in the form of a Charles Manson figure and a final battle ensued.

## Publication

* Storming Heaven (with Gordon Rennie and Frazer Irving, in 2000 AD prog 2002 & #1273-1278, 2001-2002)
* Storming Heaven: The Frazer Irving Collection (Rebellion Developments, collected edition; 144 pages, January 2007)

## Reception

Then editor Andy Diggle had a policy to supercharge strips so they moved along faster than usual and packed more into each instalment. However, with Storming Heaven, this resulted in an overly hurried story that never lived up to its potential.
# William Henry Cooper

William Henry Cooper may refer to:
* William Cooper (cricketer) (William Henry Cooper, 1849–1939), Australian Test cricketer
* Henry Cooper (educator) (William Henry Cooper, 1909–1990), New Zealand cricketer and educator
# William Irving (British politician)

William Charles John Irving (1 April 1892 – 15 March 1967) was a British Labour Co-operative politician.
After the 1945 general election, Robert Morrison, the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for Tottenham North was elevated to the peerage as Baron Morrison. Irving was selected as the Labour candidate for the resulting by-election, which he won with a majority of 5,522 over the Conservative Party candidate, Petre Crowder.
A member of Middlesex County Council from 1937 to 1958, he was chairman of the council for 1948–49.
When the Tottenham North constituency was abolished for the 1950 general election, Irving was returned for the new Wood Green constituency, and held the seat until his retirement at the 1955 general election.
# Story of Ireland

Story of Ireland may refer to the following:
* The Story of Ireland - A 2011 documentary released by the British Broadcasting Corporation hosted by Fergal Keanne.
* Hibernia: The Story of Ireland - A new age album by the band Dagda.
# Story of Kennedy Town

Story of Kennedy Town (西環的故事) is a 1990 Hong Kong action drama film directed by Wu Ma and starring Waise Lee, Mark Cheng and Aaron Kwok as three close friends living in poverty whom decide to join the police force. However, one of them becomes consumed by greed and their friendship becomes tested.

## Cast and roles

* Waise Lee as Chong Pang
* Mark Cheng as Ko Tim-keung
* Aaron Kwok as Lee Siu-wai
* Sharla Cheung as Lai
* May Lo as Wai-sum
* Bill Tung as Uncle Chiu
* Tai Po as Chuen
* Wu Ma as Detective Sergeant Wong
* Chu Tau as thug
* Billy Ching as Mak Ying
* Chun Kwai-bo as Ying's thug
* Jameson Lam as Ying's thug
# William Horton Farmhouse

The William Horton Farmhouse is a single family home located at 1647 West Miller Road near Morrice, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is one of the finest rural Italianate farm homes in the area.

## History

In 1837, Alanson Horton moved from Connecticut to Perry, Michigan in Shiawassee County. By 1841, he had purchased a farm and moved his family there, constructing a wood frame Greek Revival house in the mid-1840s. Farming was difficult at first, but by the 1860s, the farm was prosperous, as were the farms and communities in the surrounding county. Alanson's eldest son, William Horton, joined his father in farming the land, but his career was interrupted when he enlisted in the 9th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the Civil War. William returned home after the war, and by the late 1860s gained control over his father's farm and house, purchasing the shares that his two brothers and sister had inherited.
William Horton was a successful farmer, concentrating on wheat and cattle, and in 1870 and 1871 he constructed a new farmhouse on the farm. He continued to farm until around 1900, when his eldest son George took over the farm. With wheat becoming less profitable, George Horton turned to sugar beets and beans. George Horton died in 1948, and his eldest son Blain Horton took over the farm. However, small family farms such as the Horton's were becoming less competitive, and Blain soon was working for Fisher Body, and growing corn and hogs part time. By the 1950s, Horton was leasing most of the farmland to other farmers, and in 1978, the house and land were sold out of the family.

## Description

The William Horton Farmhouse is a two-story Italianate cube with a one-and-one-half-story side wing. Both sections are wood-framed and covered with clapboard. The two-story section has symmetrically placed four-over-four, double-hung sash windows with pedimented hoods on both the first and second floor levels of all facades, save the first floor of the main facade, which contains a hipped roof, tri-sided bay window with corner pilasters. The side wing is slightly recessed from the front facade. A hipped roof porch wrapping around the front and side facades shelters a main entry door and an additional secondary door on the side. The windows are again four-over-four, double-hung sash units with pedimented hoods.
On the inside, the first floor level contains two parlors, the main stairway, and two smaller rooms that were once used as a sewing room and a nursery. The wing contains a kitchen at the rear and a smaller parlor on the front. The second story contains four bedrooms arranged around the head of the stairway, with several smaller rooms in the half story of the wing.