OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Synema globosum

Synema globosum is a species of spider belonging to the family Thomisidae (crab spiders). It is sometimes called the Napoleon spider, because of a supposed resemblance of the markings on the abdomen to a silhouette of Napoleon wearing his iconic hat.

## Description

The adult males reach 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 in) in length, while females are 7–8 millimetres (0.28–0.31 in) long. They can mostly be encountered from May through August on flowering plants (especially yellow or red Apiaceae species), waiting for their prey.
The two pairs of the front legs, used for hunting the flower-feeding insects, are more developed than the rear ones, which have a predominant motor function.
A striking feature of this species is the variation in colour among females. Mature males have a black abdomen with two white marks. In mature females, the background colour of the abdomen can be red, yellow or white, with a black pattern which has been noted for a certain resemblance to the silhouette of Napoleon. Prosoma and legs are black or dark brown.
Like other species of the family Thomisidae, these spiders do not make a web, but actively hunt their prey.
* Red form
* Yellow form
* White form

## Distribution

This species is present in most countries of Europe and in the eastern Palearctic realm, although absent from Scandinavia and the British Isles. It is especially common throughout the Mediterranean region.

## Subspecies

* Synema globosum clarum (Franganillo, 1913)
* Synema globosum flavum (Franganilo, 1913)
* Synema globosum pulchellum (Franganillo, 1926)
# Vernon Valley

Vernon Valley may refer to:
* Vernon Valley, New Jersey
* Vernon Valley, former name and current neighborhood of Northport, New York
* Vernon Valley, former name for part of Mountain Creek ski resort
# Syrus

In Greek mythology, Syrus or Syros (Ancient Greek: Σύρων) may refer to a person or an animal:
* Syrus, son of Sinope (daughter of Asopus and Metope) and Apollo; the Syrians are named after him. In one account, Syros was the son of King Agenor of Tyre and Tyro, and brother to Cadmus, Phoenix, Cilix and Europa. When Agenor was about to die, he decreed that his kingdom will be divided among his three sons: Phoenix, Syros and Cilix. Syros named the country which was allotted to him Syria while his brothers received Phoenicia and Cilicia, respectively. Syros was said to be a wise man who wrote arithmetic philosophy in Phoenician letters.
* Syrus, one of the dogs of the hunter Actaeon.

## Note

* ↑ Diodorus Siculus, 4.74.1-2
* ↑ Plutarch, Lucullus 23.6
* ↑ Malalas, Chronographia 2.30
* ↑ Malalas, Chronographia 2.31
* ↑ Malalas, Chronographia 2.34
* ↑ Hyginus, Fabulae 181
# Synge's world function

In general relativity, Synge's world function is a smooth locally defined function of pairs of points in a smooth spacetime $M$ with smooth Lorentzian metric $g$. Let $x,x'$ be two points in spacetime, and suppose $x$ belongs to a convex normal neighborhood $U$ of $x,x'$ (referred to the Levi-Civita connection associated to $g$) so that there exists a unique geodesic $\gamma (\lambda )$ from $x$ to $x'$ included in $U$, up to the affine parameter $\lambda$. Suppose $\gamma (\lambda _{0})=x'$ and $\gamma (\lambda _{1})=x$. Then Synge's world function is defined as:
    $\sigma (x,x')={\frac {1}{2}}(\lambda _{1}-\lambda _{0})\int _{\gamma }g_{\mu \nu }(z)t^{\mu }t^{\nu }d\lambda$
where $t^{\mu }={\frac {dz^{\mu }}{d\lambda }}$ is the tangent vector to the affinely parametrized geodesic $\gamma (\lambda )$. That is, $\sigma (x,x')$ is half the square of the signed geodesic length from $x$ to $x'$ computed along the unique geodesic segment, in $U$, joining the two points. Synge's world function is well-defined, since the integral above is invariant under reparameterization. In particular, for Minkowski spacetime, the Synge's world function simplifies to half the spacetime interval between the two points: it is globally defined and it takes the form
    $\sigma (x,x')={\frac {1}{2}}\eta _{\alpha \beta }(x-x')^{\alpha }(x-x')^{\beta }.$
Obviously Synge's function can be defined also in Riemannian manifolds and in that case it has non-negative sign.
Generally speaking, Synge’s function is only locally defined and an attempt to define an extension to domains larger than convex normal neighborhoods generally leads to a multivalued function since there may be several geodesic segments joining a pair of points in the spacetime. It is however possible to define it in a neighborhood of the diagonal of $M\times M$, though this definition requires some arbitrary choice. Synge's world function (also its extension to a neighborhood of the diagonal of $M\times M$ ) appears in particular in a number of theoretical constructions of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. It is the crucial object used to construct a parametrix of Green’s functions of Lorentzian Green hyperbolic 2nd order partial differential equations in a globally hyperbolic manifold, and in the definition of Hadamard Gaussian states.
# Sworzyce, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Sworzyce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Końskie, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) west of Końskie and 46 km (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.
# Holm Island

Holm Island is an island in the River Thames in England on the reach above Penton Hook Lock, near Staines. It is on the Buckinghamshire bank, just upstream of Hollyhock Island.
A house on it known as "The Nest" was used as a hideaway by the future Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson during the 1930s.
# Étrabonne

Étrabonne (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

## Town planning
### Typology

Étrabonne is a rural municipality, because it is part of the municipalities with little or very little density, within the meaning of the municipal density grid of INSEE.
In addition, the municipality is part of the attraction area of Besançon, of which it is a municipality in the crown. This area, which includes 312 municipalities, is categorized in areas of 200,000 to less than 700,000 inhabitants.

### Land use

The zoning of the municipality, as reflected in the database European occupation biophysical soil Corine Land Cover (CLC), is marked by the importance of the agricultural land (73.5% in 2018), a proportion identical to that of 1990 (73.5%). The detailed breakdown in 2018 is as follows:
* arable land (44.3%)
* forests (26.5%)
* meadows (20%)
* heterogeneous agricultural areas (9.2%)
The IGN also provides an online tool to compare the evolution over time of land use in the municipality (or in territories at different scales). Several eras are accessible as aerial maps or photos: the Cassini map (18th century), the map of Staff (1820–1866) and the current period (1950 to present).

## Toponymy

The place was designated as Strabunne in 1166; Strabona in 1223; Estrabeigne in 1266 and Estrabonne in 1307.

## Policy and Administration
### Administrative and electoral attachments

The town is located in the district of Besançon in the department of Doubs. For the election of deputies, it has been part of the first district of Doubs since 1986.
Since 1801, it was part of the canton of Audeux. As part of the 2014 cantonal redistribution in France, the town is now attached to the canton of Saint-Vit.

### Intercommunality

The municipality was a member of the small community of municipalities of the Val Saint-Vitois, created at the end of 2001.
Within the framework of the provisions of the law on the new territorial organization of the Republic (NOTRe Law) of August 7, 2015, which provides that public inter-municipal cooperation establishments (EPCI) with their own taxation must have a minimum of 15,000 inhabitants (and 5,000 inhabitants in mountain areas), the prefecture of Doubs has adopted the new departmental inter-municipal cooperation plan (SDCI) which provides in particular for the break-up of this community of communes and the attachment of some of its communes to the community of communes of Val-de-Marne, others to Grand Besançon Métropole, and two, finally, to the community of communes of Loue-Lison.

## Places and monuments

* House of Bailly.
* Étrabonne Castle, from medieval times, listed as a historical monument in 1968.
* Saint-Martin Church.
# Ras Ain Rhamna

Ras Ain Rhamna is a small town and rural commune in Rehamna Province of the Marrakesh-Safi region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 12,924 people living in 2062 households.
# Rose-crowned parakeet

The rose-crowned parakeet (Pyrrhura rhodocephala), also known as the rose-headed parakeet, rose-crowned conure or rose-headed conure (perico cabeza roja or cotorra coronirroja in Spanish and conure tête-de-feu in French), is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae and genus Pyrrhura. It is endemic to Venezuela.

## Taxonomy

The rose-crowned parakeet was first described by Philip Sclater and Osbert Salvin in 1871.

## Description

The rose-crowned parakeet is a small parrot, measuring 24 cm long with a wing length of 13 to 14.2 cm, tail 9.7 to 11.5 cm, and bill 1.6 to 1.8 cm long, with a tarsus length of 1.4 to 1.6 cm. As an adult it is mainly green; its bright red cap and white primary coverts (blue in juveniles) help to distinguish it from all other long-tailed, small parrot species in South America. It has blue primaries and a red tail and the sexes are alike. No other members of the genus Pyrrhura occur in its range. The painted parakeet also has red on its head but has bold, scaly patterns on its breast and throat. The bare skin around the eye is white.

## Distribution and habitat

It is endemic to Venezuela, found only in the Andes of the north-west in the Cordillera de Mérida, from Táchira to Trujillo. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest, at elevations of 800 m to 3,100 m asl, but mostly at 1,500–2,500 m. It can also be found in farmland with scattered trees and at the forest edge.
Its estimated extent of occurrence is 17,000 km$^2$. In 1988 it was assessed for the IUCN Red List as Near Threatened, updated to Lower Risk in 2000 and Least Concern since 2004; in 2002 it was described as "fairly common." A reported population decline caused by deforestation had not become problematic as of 2010, but Parr and Juniper considered that in a species with such a small range this must present a long-term threat. The current population trend is "stable" although the number of mature individuals is unknown. The rose-crowned parakeet is on the CITES Appendix II which "includes species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but in which trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival."

## Behavior

The rose-crowned parakeet is gregarious, forming noisy flocks of 10–30 birds when not breeding, and gathers in larger numbers to roost. It makes movements each day, but the species is probably resident. The voice is described as "harsh [and] reedy", though “apparently quieter than other Pyrrhura conures." The flight is "swift and direct.” Nothing is known of the species' diet, though it is suspected to eat berries, seeds, fruits and flowers. It is thought to breed in April, May and June, probably laying 4–6 eggs.

## Aviculture

The World Parrot Trust describes the rose-crowned parakeet as "uncommon" in captivity, with a probable lifespan of 10–15 years. It is suggested that a suitable diet should include 30% fruit, along with vegetables, pellets and mixed small seeds. Captive birds lay 4–6 eggs which hatch after 23–24 days, with the chicks fledging at "probably 7–8 weeks."
# The Marshall House (Savannah, Georgia)

The Marshall House is a historic building in Savannah, Georgia, United States. It was opened in 1852 by Mary Magdalene Marshall as one of Savannah's first hotels, built thirty years after the City Hotel, the city's first. Located on East Broughton Street, it is the city's oldest operating hotel today, owned by Savannah's HLC Hotels, Inc., which also owns the city's Olde Harbour Inn, the Eliza Thompson House, the East Bay Inn, the Gastonian and the Kehoe House. The building was occupied by the Union Army in 1864 and 1865 during the American Civil War.
Ralph Meldrim was proprietor of the Marshall House in 1857, and he erected a 12-foot-high, 120-foot in length iron veranda on the front of the second floor of the property.
A decade later, the Marshall Hose Company, a volunteer fire department, was founded to protect the property, and others, in Savannah.
The Florida House, an adjoining property, became part of the Marshall House in 1880.
The hotel closed between 1895 and 1899. When it reopened, electric lights and hot and cold plumbing was installed on every floor. Joel Chandler Harris, author of the Uncle Remus series, was a resident at the property around this time.
Mary Marshall's estate collected rent on the property until 1914.
In 1933, Herbert W. Gilbert, a Jacksonville native, leased the building and changed its name to the Gilbert Hotel.
Gilbert sold the hotel in 1941, at which point it had a lobby, dining room, living room, reading room, 66 guest rooms, one suite, an apartment and six storage rooms.
The property was named the Geiger Hotel for a period.
The Marshall House closed in 1957 due to an economic downturn. The upper three floors were abandoned, but the ground floor was used by shopkeepers up until 1998. The building was restored the following year and reopened to the public as Savannah's oldest hotel.
Original parts of the building include the Philadelphia pressed brick on the exterior, the Savannah grey brick throughout, its staircases, wooden floors, fireplaces and the doors to each guest room. Several claw-foot baths date to 1880. The veranda and gas lights were reproduced in the likeness of the originals.
An 1830 portrait of Mary Marshall, who died in 1877 at the age of 93, is hanging in the lobby after it was acquired from the estate of Jim Williams, the central figure in John Berendt's non-fiction novel Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil.
The hotel has a reputation of being haunted.

## Gallery

* The Marshall House in the late 19th century
* The Marshall House shown adjacent to the Avon Theatre in a 1952 postcard
* Viewed from the East Broughton and Drayton Street intersection (2015)
* The interior (2022)
* Lobby (2022)
# Nu Cassiopeiae

Nu Cassiopeiae, Latinized from ν Cassiopeiae, is a solitary star in the northern constellation of Cassiopeia. With an apparent visual magnitude of +4.89, it is a faint star but visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 7.92 mas as seen from Earth, this star is located around 410 light years from the Sun. Cowley et al. (1969) catalogued this star with a stellar classification of B9 III, indicating it has the spectrum of an evolved B-type giant star. However, Palmer et al. (1968) assigned it a class of B8 V, which would instead suggest it is an ordinary B-type main-sequence star.
# Psychotoxicity

Psychotoxicity is a pharmacology term that refers to the effect when a drug interferes seriously with normal behaviour.
# Masaili

Masaili is a village development committee in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of southeastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,072 people living in 528 individual households.
# Scott Duncan

Scott Duncan may refer to:
* Scott Duncan (footballer) (1888–1975), Scottish footballer and manager
* Scott Duncan (businessman) (born 1983), American billionaire
* Scott Duncan (referee), English football referee
* Scott Duncan (tennis), British tennis player
* Scottie Duncan (fl. 1937–1940), American baseball player
# Scott Dunbier

Scott Dunbier is an American comic book editor, best known as the Special Projects Editor at IDW Publishing.

## Career

Dunbier rose to prominence in the comic book industry as executive editor of the Wildstorm comic book line. After several years as a dealer in original comic book artwork during the 1980s and 1990s, Dunbier began with Wildstorm in 1995 as Special Projects Editor. Two years later, he was named Editor-in-Chief, a title which was changed to Group Editor when Wildstorm became a part of DC Comics.
Among the many projects Dunbier edited for Wildstorm were Alan Moore's America's Best Comics line ( including Promethea, Tom Strong, The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen & Top 10), Arrowsmith and Challengers of the Unknown.
At Wildstorm, he also created the Absolute line of hardcover reprints, beginning with Absolute Authority vol. 1 in 2002.
Dunbier joined IDW Publishing as Special Projects Editor on April 1, 2008.
He is responsible for creating IDW's award-winning Artist's Edition line of hardcover reprint books.
In 2023, Scott Dunbier received the Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award at San Diego Comic Con for his work on Comics for Ukraine: Sunflower Seeds.
In 2024, Comics for Ukraine: Sunflower Seeds received the Eisner Award for Best Anthology.https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/newsbrief/index.html?record=4833
In 2024, Dunbier left his position at IDW to start his own publishing company, Act 4.
# Uhambo

Uhambo may refer to:
* HVTN 702, a clinical trial for an investigational HIV vaccine
* Uhambo, a 2016 album by Deborah Fraser
# USS K-2 (SS-33)

USS K-2 (SS-33) was a K-class submarine, of the United States Navy. Her keel was laid down by Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy, Massachusetts, as Cachalot, making her the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the cachalot, another name for the sperm whale, but on 17 November 1911, during construction, she was renamed K-2. She was launched on 4 October 1913 sponsored by Mrs. Ruth Chamberlain McEntee, and commissioned on 31 January 1914.

## Service history

After trials and exercises in New England waters throughout the spring and summer of 1914, K-2 joined 4th Division, Atlantic Torpedo Flotilla, Newport, Rhode Island, on 9 October. She commenced operations immediately and for almost three years operated along the East Coast from New England to Florida conducting experiments to develop the techniques of submarine warfare.
The batteries to the submarine failed just two months after the sea trial and Rear Admiral William Nelson Little was court-martialed for accepting the submarine, even after problems with the batteries were recognized.
As World War I raged in Europe, guarding the vital shipping lanes across the Atlantic Ocean became imperative. K-2 departed New London, Connecticut, on 12 October 1917 and arrived in the Azores for patrol duty on 27 October. She was among the first U.S. submarines to engage in patrol duty during the war, and cruised in these waters searching for enemy U-boats. K-2 continued these vital patrols until 20 October 1918 when she sailed for North America arriving Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 10 November to resume coastal operations.
From 1919 to 1923, she cruised along the East Coast engaging in submarine development experiments. After her arrival at Hampton Roads on 15 November 1922, K-2 remained there until she decommissioned 9 March 1923. She was sold as scrap 3 June 1931.
# USS K-8

USS K-8 (SS-39) was a K-class submarine of the United States Navy. Her keel was laid down by the Union Iron Works in San Francisco, California, under subcontract from Electric Boat Company of Groton, Connecticut. She was launched on 11 July 1914 sponsored by Mrs. John W. Lewis, wife of the first commanding officer, and commissioned on 1 December at Mare Island.

## Service history

K-8 departed San Francisco 26 December with K-7 for training operations along the coast of southern California. Returning to Mare Island on 4 June 1915, she sailed 3 October for duty in the Hawaiian Islands, arriving Pearl Harbor on 14 October. For more than two years she operated with K-3, K-4, and K-7, developing and perfecting submarine techniques in diving, torpedo firing, and underwater tactics. Ordered to return to the West Coast on 31 October 1917, she arrived San Pedro, California, on 12 November and proceeded 27 November for patrol duty out of Key West, Florida.
Arriving Key West 8 January 1918, she conducted patrols from Key West to Galveston, Texas, during the remaining months of World War I. Departing Galveston 21 November, she returned to Key West to continue experimental operations along the Florida coast until she sailed for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 14 April 1919. Arriving 21 April, K-8 underwent overhaul before sailing 10 November for Key West. Upon arrival 3 December she began seven months of operations in the Caribbean Sea. After returning to Philadelphia 8 June 1920, she proceeded to Annapolis, Maryland, on 19 January 1921, for training operations at the United States Naval Academy. Steaming to Hampton Roads, Virginia, on 15 February, she continued development operations along the Atlantic coast from Norfolk, Virginia, to Cape Cod, returning to Annapolis 4 April through 14 April and visiting the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, from 24 May through 30 May. She conducted experimental maneuvers in the Chesapeake Bay from 4 December to 16 May 1922; trained students out of New London, Connecticut, from 20 May to 5 September; and returned Hampton Roads 7 September to resume operations in the lower Chesapeake Bay. K-8 decommissioned at Norfolk 24 February 1923. Towed to the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 2 September 1924, she was sold for scrapping on 25 June 1931.
# Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme e2 q2

Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 Q2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBE2Q2 gene.
# Ueltschi

Ueltschi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Albert Lee Ueltschi (1917–2012), American aviator
* Ernesto Ueltschi (1922–2014), Argentine politician, lawyer and teacher