OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pedro Marín Uribe

Pedro L. Marín Uribe is a Spanish economist and professor at the Universidad Carlos III of Madrid. Since April 2008 he assumed the role of Secretary of State for Energy of Spain.

## Education

Degree in Economics and Business, University of Valencia, 1988 and Master in Economics at the London School of Economics, 1991 where he also received a PhD in Economics in 1995.

## Career

In 1996 Marin was appointed to the position of Professor in the Department of Economics, Universidad Carlos III of Madrid. He later served as Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Law, Deputy Dean for the Degree in Economics, Director of the Laboratory for Industrial Organization, Deputy Director of the Master in Industrial Economics and Head of Competition Policy at the University Institute of Law and Economics.
In May 2004 he was appointed General Director of the Department of Welfare Society at the Economic Bureau of the Prime Minister of Spain, from where he coordinated and supervised the micro-economic policy on health, environment, energy, industrial policy, R & D + i, competition policy, infrastructure, transport, agriculture and water.
In May 2008 the Minister of Industry, Tourism and Trade Miguel Sebastian announced Marin's appointment as General Secretary of Energy, with the objective to "continue the development of renewables, improving energy efficiency and ensure supply." In 2009, the General Secretariat was promoted to Secretary of State for Energy. From his position he directed the energy liberalization process in Spain, he promoted pioneering regulation for renewable energy and established binding targets for biofuels. In 2010 Marin chaired the Council of Energy during the Spanish Presidency of the European Union.
In June 2012, he joined the London office of The Brattle Group, a global economic consulting firm, as a principal.

## Academic work

Marin's analytical work includes studies on competition policy and market structure in regulated sectors such as energy, aviation and maritime transport, chemicals, tourism and pharmaceuticals as well as articles on research and development.
Marin has published its findings in several books and international journals including the Journal of Law and Economics, the Journal of Industrial Economics, the International Journal of Industrial Organization, Research Policy and Energy Policy.
# John Powell (Canadian politician)

John Powell (June 19, 1809 – February 24, 1881) was a Canadian politician who served as mayor of Toronto and played an important role in the Upper Canada Rebellion. Powell was a member of the "Family Compact," the small group of elite families that controlled the politics of Upper Canada in the first half of the nineteenth century. His father, Captain John Powell, was the son-in-law of General Æneas Shaw and his grandfather was Chief Justice William Dummer Powell. He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada.

## Background

A lawyer by training, in the 1837 elections Powell was elected alderman for St. Andrew's Ward, which then covered the area between King and Queen Streets west of Yonge and east of Bathurst. When former mayor William Lyon Mackenzie attempted to foment a rebellion against the Compact and Governor Sir Francis Bond Head, Powell became an important member of the forces opposing him.
On the night of December 4, Powell and companion Archibald Macdonald left the central part of town to investigate the reports of rebel activities to the north. Unbeknownst to them the rebels had captured a local armoury and were based at Montgomery's Tavern, preparing to march south. Powell and Macdonald were captured by a rebel patrol, led by Mackenzie himself. However, before they could be brought to the rebel headquarters Powell pulled a hidden pistol from his coat. He killed one of his captors, Captain Anthony Anderson, and made good his escape. He shot point blank at Mackenzie but the pistol misfired and the rebel leader was unharmed. Powell returned to town and warned the government forces about the rebel preparations. This advance warning played an important role in the eventual defeat of the rebellion.
Powell was proclaimed a hero for his actions and was unanimously elected as mayor by the city council at the end of the year. Powell served three years as mayor of the city. His main preoccupation was security, organizing local militias in each ward and expanding the small police force to help suppress future disorder. After his time as mayor, he served one more year on city council before retiring from local politics. In 1844 he left Toronto to become registrar of Lincoln County and he resided there until his death in 1881.
# Lang Ayre

The Lang Ayre is a beach on the west side of Ronas Hill, Northmavine, Shetland. At 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) in length it is the archipelago's longest. It is accessed either by a long walk from the top of Collafirth Hill down the Burn of Monius, or by sea. The beach's sand is red, eroded from the up to 700 feet (210 m) high red granite cliffs towering above it.

## Etymology

The name Lang Ayre comes from the Shetland dialect words lang (long) and ayre (shingle beach).

## Access

The Lang Ayre is situated north of the mouth of Ronas Voe, and is about 5 kilometres (3 mi) from the nearest road, so it is considered quite remote, even by Shetland standards. Many walkers visiting the beach also undertake a walk to the summit of 450 m (1,480 ft) Ronas Hill en route. The beach is most easily accessed on land by following the Burn of Monius down a steep-sided ravine east of Ketligill Head. The final descent down to the beach is aided by a rope which is left at the site for public use. The route most commonly taken to reach the Lang Ayre over Ronas Hill is prone to low-lying mist, so walkers are advised to be familiar with the use of a map and compass to be able to navigate back in poor visibility. The beach can also be accessed by sea, often by canoe or kayak, taking the most sheltered route via the Blade, Ronas Voe. The beach is directly exposed to the Atlantic Ocean, so westerly and north-westerly winds can be challenging to those small craft.
# Pollestad

Pollestad is a village in Klepp municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located south of the lake Orrevatnet and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southwest of the town of Bryne. Orre Church is located in Pollestad. It was built in 1950 to replace the nearly 800-year-old Old Orre Church located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northwest in the village of Orre.
The 0.46-square-kilometre (110-acre) village had a population of 794 people as of January 1st 2023 and a population density of 1,689.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,376/sq mi). The village has a store, gas station, school, day care, and sports club.
# Ümmühan Uçar

Ümmühan Uçar Gürçay (born 1986 in Kütahya) is a Turkish weightlifter competing in the women's +75 kg division.
She started weightlifting at the age of 13 in the primary school, in the beginning against her parents' will. After two months' training, she achieved second place at the national championship that enabled her further performing in this sports.

## Achievements
### European Championships

| Rank | Event | Year | Venue | Snatch | Clean & Jerk | Total |
| Bronze | +75 kg | 2010 | Minsk, BLR | 117.0 | | |
| Bronze | +75 kg | 2011 | Kazan, RUS | 113.0 | | |
| Bronze | +75 kg | 2011 | Kazan, RUS | | 136.0 | |
| Bronze | +75 kg | 2011 | Kazan, RUS | | | 249.0 |
# Iceberg Lake

Iceberg Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U. S. state of Montana. Mount Wilbur is south and Iceberg Peak is west of Iceberg Lake. Iceberg Peak towers more than 3,000 feet (910 m) above the lake. A popular day hike destination, Iceberg Lake is a 4.8 miles (7.7 km) hike from the Swiftcurrent Auto Camp Historic District.
# PEFC

PEFC may refer to:
* Proton-exchange fuel cell
* Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification – also known as Pan-European Forest Certification
* Perpetual Emigrating Fund Company
# People v. Lee Kong

People v. Lee Kong, 95 Cal. 666 (1892), is a case in which the defendant claimed the "impossibility" defense to charges of assault, on the basis of a mistake in fact. The ultimate issue in this case is whether the defendant's actions and intent warrant criminal sanctions even though he failed to achieve a criminal act because the act itself was factually impossible to commit.

## Circumstances

A policeman cut a hole through the roof of Lee Kong's building in order to observe Kong gamble. Kong, knowing of the hole, fired his gun through the hole in the roof at the spot where he thought a policeman was located. Because the officer had moved from that spot to another, the shot did not hit him. Kong claimed that since he was mistaken in fact, it was impossible for him to commit the crime. Kong was convicted and appealed to the California Supreme Court.

## Decision

The California Supreme Court stated that the exact location of the policeman, as long as he was is in range of being shot by the defendant "does not go to the question of present ability." Since the defendant had the intention and present ability to commit the assault, the fact that he was mistaken as to the location of the intended victim affords no defense for his act. Therefore Kong's conviction was upheld.

## Significance

This is one of the first in a series of cases that imposed liability for an attempted felony even though the crime was impossible to commit because the defendant was mistaken in fact. It was reinforced by decisions that followed such as that used later in State v. Mitchell (Mo., 1902) and United States v. Thomas (U.S.C.M.A, 1962).
# Salt Fork State Park

Salt Fork State Park is a public recreation area located six miles (9.7 km) north of Lore City in Guernsey County, Ohio. It is the largest state park in Ohio, encompassing 17,229 acres (6,972 ha) of land and 2,952 acres (1,195 ha) of water. The grounds include the Kennedy Stone House, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The park is managed by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Parks and Watercraft.

## History

Salt Fork was named for a mineral lick along the creek's course. Plans to dam the creek for use as a water source began in 1956, then switched to planning for use as a recreational area in 1960. An earthen dam was completed in 1967, with the construction of recreational facilities initiated in 1968. Salt Fork Lodge opened in 1972

## Activities and amenities

The park features an 18-hole golf course, 2,500-foot swimming beach, two marinas and seven boat launching ramps, fishing for largemouth bass, crappie, bluegill, walleye and muskellunge, hunting, picnicking facilities, trails for hiking, snowmobiling, and equestrian use, miniature golf, nature center, and an archery range.
# Sookuninga Nature Reserve

Sookuninga Nature Reserve is a nature reserve situated in south-western Estonia, in Pärnu County.
Sookuninga nature reserve is situated on the Latvian border of Estonia and comprises a large area of wetlands and woodlands. Sookuninga nature reserve and the Ziemeļu bogs protected area across the border together make out the North Livonian trans-boundary Ramsar protected wetland site. Together, the two sites form one of the largest natural peat bog areas in the Baltic states and constitute an important fresh-water reservoir. Sookuninga is home to many species, including large mammals like Gray wolf, Eurasian lynx and Brown bear. The site is furthermore a refuge for many unusual or threatened species of birds, including three species of eagle. Traditionally, the area has been sparsely populated due to its inaccessibility, and therefore also used as a hiding-place during times of war. Facilities for visitors include a bird-watching tower and a hiking trail.
# Shilatane

Shilatane is a village and gram panchayat in Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra, India. It encompasses an area of 529.89 ha (1,309 acres).

## Administration

The village is administrated by a sarpanch, an elected representative who leads a gram panchayat. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, the village was a self-contained gram panchayat, meaning that there were no other constituent villages governed by the body.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, the village comprised 330 households. The population of 1880 was split between 1013 males and 867 females.
# Landerrouet-sur-Ségur

Landerrouet-sur-Ségur is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Polypoetes nigribasalis

Polypoetes nigribasalis is a moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found in Venezuela.
# Ümmügülsüm Bedel

Ümmügülsüm Bedel (born 8 February 1995) is a Turkish handballer, who plays in the Turkish Women's Handball Super League for İzmir BSB, the Turkey national handball team, and the Turkey national beach handball team. She plays in the left wing position.
At the 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Baku, Azerbaijan, Bedel played for Turkey's national team, which ended as runners-up.
# TMEM38B

Trimeric intracellular cation-selective channel B (TRIC-B) is a monovalent cation channel in the ER membrane encoded by the transmembrane protein 38B (TMEM38B) gene. It is one of two known TRIC proteins, the other being TRIC-A.

## Function

TRIC-B is permeable to both Na$^+$ and K$^+$ but not divalent cations like Ca$^{2+}$. The channel exhibits marked voltage-dependence, becoming more open when the cytosol is more positively charged than the ER lumen. There at least four major sub-conductance states (with 80%, 60%, 46% and 30% of the conductance of the fully-opened channel). TMEM38B-knockout mice exhibit reduced IP$_3$-receptor-mediated Ca$^{2+}$ release. As such, K$^+$ flux into the ER through TRIC-B is thought to support IP$_3$-induced efflux of Ca$^{2+}$ ions through IP$_3$-gated Ca$^{2+}$ channels in the ER membrane.

## Clinical significance

Null mutations in TMEM38B reduce the levels of functional TRIC-B in heterozygotes and abolish expression of functional TRIC-B in homozygotes. Such mutations are an uncommon but relatively severe cause of autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta or "brittle bone disease".
# PEF Private University of Management Vienna

PEF Private University of Management was a private university in Vienna, Austria. It had been accredited by the Austrian Accreditation Council in June 2002. It concentrated on master's programmes in the areas of social and economic science. In 2007, the university was re-accredited until 2014, but closed for economic reasons in March 2012.
PEF had offered four programs
* MBA Intra- and Entrepreneurship
* MSc Human Resource Management and Organizational Development
* MSc Construction Management
* MSc Coaching
# Pentapeptide

Pentapeptide may refer to:
* An oligopeptide formed from five amino acids
* Pentapeptide repeat
# Sameodes odulphalis

Sameodes odulphalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in the Philippines (Luzon).
The wingspan is about 26 mm. The wings are pale orange yellow, the forewings with a small black spot at the base of the cell and a slightly larger spot covering the base of veins 3 and 4. The hindwings have a silvery white inner margin.
# Sooküla, Pärnu County

Sooküla is a village in Häädemeeste Parish, Pärnu County in southwestern Estonia.
# Shiyue (magazine)

Shiyue (Chinese: 十月; Mandarin:) is a Chinese literary magazine. It was established in August 1978 as a quarterly periodical in Beijing. Since 1980 Shiyue has been published bimonthly.

## History

The main founder, Wang Shimin, was director of the Literature and Art Department of "Beijing Publishing House". Mao Dun, a Chinese novelist and journalist, wrote a foreword for the first issue. Several other editors contributed to the founding.
Shiyue concentrated on novellas in its early phase. The novella was unlike literary periodicals that people had known in the past, which generally published short stories. When the first issue was launched, it drew readers from all classes of society and was considered the first literary magazine published after the Cultural Revolution.
It published many important Chinese literary works, including Gao Xingjian's early drama works, such as Station and Absolute Signal. Mo Yan, a Nobel Prize-winning Chinese novelist, had his novels 'Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out' and 'The Garlic Ballads' published in the magazine.

## Events

* Deserted City
Jia Pingwa's novel Deserted City, which proved to be a smash hit in China, was published in the magazines 4th issue in 1993. The book was published by "Beijing Publishing House", a bestseller, but soon afterwards was banned throughout China. Due to threat of prosecution, the former associate editor of Shiyue magazine and the executive editor of Deserted City Tian Zhenying, was forced to take early retirement. Xie Dajun, the former chief editor of Shiyue Magazine, was removed from the magazine office.

## Notable works

* Jia Pingwa's novel Ruined City
* Zhang Chengzhi's novel Rivers of the Northand The Black Steed
* Zhang Xianliang's novel My Bodhi Tree
* Yan Lianke's novel Dream of Ding Village

## Awards and honours

* 1999, won the 1st National Periodical Prize.
* 2000, won Top10 Periodicals of North China.
* 2003, won the 2nd National Periodical Prize.
* 2005, won the 3rd National Periodical Prize.
* 2008, won the 1st Governmental Publishing Award.
# Landisacq

Landisacq (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
* Saint-Étienne Church.
* replica of the Grotte Notre-Dame de Lourdes.
* Le monument of war dead.
* the village
# Polymictic lake

Polymictic lakes are holomictic lakes that are too shallow to develop thermal stratification; thus, their waters can mix from top to bottom throughout the ice-free period. Polymictic lakes can be divided into cold polymictic lakes (i.e., those that are ice-covered in winter), and warm polymictic lakes (i.e., polymictic lakes in regions where ice-cover does not develop in winter). While such lakes are well-mixed on average, during low-wind periods, weak and ephemeral stratification can often develop.
# Červené Poříčí

Červené Poříčí is a municipality and village in Klatovy District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Červené Poříčí lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north of Klatovy, 29 km (18 mi) south of Plzeň, and 104 km (65 mi) south-west of Prague.
# TMEM59

Transmembrane protein 59 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM59 gene.
TMEM59 is a membrane bound protein that is localized to the Golgi apparatus. The precise function of TMEM59 is not known, however it has been demonstrated that expression of TMEM59 protein inhibits Golgi glycosylation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and blocks APP cleavage by the α- and β-amyloid precursor protein secretases and therefore inhibits formation of the beta amyloid peptide that forms amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, TMEM59 has been shown to potentiate wnt signaling by promoting formation of the wnt receptor signalosomes. Transmembrane interactions between TMEM59 and the wnt receptor Frizzled were found to drive receptor multimerization that leads to improved potency and efficacy of wnt signaling.
# Ozark pudding

Ozark pudding is a dry fruit custard with nuts that, as the name implies, appears to originate in Missouri, being named after The Ozarks region. It is most famous for being a favorite food of President Harry Truman, a recipe by his wife Bess Truman having been widely published in the 1950s as her contribution to the Congressional Club Cookbook.

## Ingredients and preparation

Ozark pudding always contains fruit and nuts, which comprises most of its volume, with the custard only serving as a glue between the packed bits.

## History

According to the book All American Desserts, the predecessor for Ozark pudding, gateau aux noisettes (cake with hazelnuts), was brought to the New World by the French Huguenots who settled in Charleston, South Carolina. Because hazelnuts were not common in the US, pecans were used, and it came to be known as Huguenot torte. By the time the recipe reached the Ozarks and acquired its current name, black walnuts were a common alternative to pecans.
# Peperomia quadrangularis

Peperomia quadrangularis, commonly known as the beetle peperomia, is a species of plant in the genus Peperomia of the family Piperaceae. Its native range is in tropical America, including areas in northern South America, Central America and the West Indies.
As a houseplant it is often sold under the synonym Peperomia angulata with lighter variants labelled "rocca verde" and darker "rocca scuro", and sometimes abbreviated (e.g. "Peperomia rocca scuro").

## Description

Peperomia quadrangularis is a small herby plant, often found growing on top of trees or rocks. The latin name points to the stems which are quadrangular, one to two millimetre thick, and feature tiny hairs. Leaves are elliptic, obovate, or orbicular, 10 to 22 mm wide and 12 to 30 mm long, with obtuse or only slightly pointed apex. The leaves grow typically opposite, although adventitious roots can sometimes take the place of a leaf.
# Huaguangjiao One

Huaguangjiao One (Chinese: 华光礁一号) is a Chinese merchant ship, built during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279), that sank off the coast of the Paracel Islands (Xisha Islands) in the South China Sea. The ship's name translates as "Magnificent China Reef Wreck #1". It was discovered in 1996 and is currently the oldest hull that China has discovered in the open seas.

## Archeological findings

In 1996, a group of Chinese fishermen discovered a 20.0 m (66 ft), 6.0 m (20 ft) wide ship about three meters below the surface near the Huaguang Reef. The wreckage covered 180 square meters meaning that the ship would have had an estimated displacement capacity of 60 tons and 11 cabins.
On 15 March 2007, an archeological salvaging operation was organized by the National Museum of China and the Hainan Provincial Administration of Culture, Radio & Television, Publishing and Sport, and the excavation of the shipwreck site at Huaguang Reef initiated. This operation not only helped the archaeologists involved in the survey locate nearly 10 other shipwrecks in the surrounding area, but also helped establish the first time that China conducted high-seas excavation work.
According to Dr. Zhang Wei, director of China's Underwater Research Center with the National Museum at the time of the discovery, even though the wreck had been robbed many times and severely damaged by looters, the retrieval of the more than 10,000 pieces of antique pottery and porcelain, which seems to have mainly come from the Fujian and Guangdong kilns, provide important information and evidence of an already well established maritime trade route, known as the Maritime Silk Road, between China and the rest of the world during the Song and Yuan dynasty (1280–1368).

## Artefacts

Many fragments of porcelain and pottery were collected at the site, mostly concentrated in an area of 38 square meters within the reef. Among the items recovered were some exquisite blue white porcelain yielded from the Jingdezhen factory, in Jiangxi province, shadowy blue porcelains, green glazed porcelain plates, pots and other rare antiques. Brown-glazed wares have also been found, indicating the possibility that they might be from an even earlier period in time.
Many of the items recovered at the archeological site were later presented at a news conference in Haikou city, the capital of south China's Hainan province on 8 May 2007.
# Sorocephalus tenuifolius

Sorocephalus tenuifolius, the diminutive clusterhead, is a flowering shrub that belongs to the genus Sorocephalus and forms part of the fynbos. The plant is endemic to the Western Cape where it occurs in the Palmiet River valley in the Kogelberg. The plant was considered extinct in 1987 but a new population was discovered.
The shrub grows only 1 m high and flowers from January to February. Fire destroys the plant but the seeds survive. The plant is bisexual and pollination takes place through the action of insects. Two months after the plant has flowered, the fruit ripens and the seeds fall to the ground where they are spread by ants. The plant grows in moist, sandy soil at elevations of 400 m.