OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sven Birkerts

Sven Birkerts (born 21 September 1951) is an American essayist and literary critic. He is best known for his book The Gutenberg Elegies (1994), which posits a decline in reading due to the overwhelming advances of the Internet and other technologies of the "electronic culture." In 2006 he published a revised edition with new introduction and afterword, reflecting on the endurance of reading.
Birkerts was born in Pontiac, Michigan, and grew up in the metropolitan Detroit area. He graduated from Cranbrook School and from the University of Michigan in 1973.
After publishing several well-received books of collected essays on literature, Birkerts was appointed to many prominent editorial and teaching positions. He became the Director of the Bennington College Writing Seminars, a position he assumed after the death of Liam Rector. Birkerts was the editor of AGNI, the literary journal and has taught writing at Harvard University, Emerson College, Amherst College, and Mount Holyoke College.
He lives in Arlington, Massachusetts, with his wife Lynn. He has two children, Mara and Liam.
His father was noted architect Gunnar Birkerts, who based his practice in the Detroit area after immigrating to the United States following completion of his architectural degree in Stuttgart. He was born and grew up in Latvia, leaving as a young man before the Soviet Army occupied the nation in the last days of World War II.

## Works

* An Artificial Wilderness: Essays on 20th Century Literature. (1987). New York: William Morrow.
* The Electric Life: Essays on Modern Poetry. (1989). New York: William Morrow.
* American Energies: Essays on Fiction. (1992). New York: William Morrow.
* The Gutenberg Elegies: The Fate of Reading in an Electronic Age. (1994). Boston: Faber and Faber.
* Readings. (1999). St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press.
* My Sky Blue Trades: Growing Up Counter in a Contrary Time. (2002). New York: Viking.
* The Other Walk. (2011). St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press.
* Changing the Subject: Art and Attention in the Internet Age. (2015). St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press.

## Sources

* Alger, Derek. "Interview, May 1, 2005". pif Magazine. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
# Saudiyar

Saudiyar is a town and Village Development Committee in Dang Deokhuri District in Lumbini Province of south-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 8,052 persons living in 1067 individual households.
According to the 2011 census of Nepal, the population of the Saudiyar Village Development Committee is 12101 of which male are 5547 and female are 6554. The total population lives in 2453 households. The VDC is predominantly populated by the Tharu ethnic groups followed by Chhetri, Brahmin, Magar and other dalit castes.
# Yangikurgan

Yangikurgan can mean one of the following localities:
* Yangiqoʻrgʻon, an urban-type settlement in Namangan Region, Uzbekistan
* Yangiqoʻrgʻon District, Namangan Region, Uzbekistan
* Ibrat, formerly Yangiqoʻrgʻon, a village in Fergana Region, Uzbekistan
* Yangiqurghon, Tajikistan, a town in Tajikistan
# Thomas Parker (Maine judge)

Thomas Parker (1783–1860) was a judge, writer, and philanthropist from Maine, who is the namesake of Parker Hall at Bates College.
Parker was born in 1783 in Edgartown, Massachusetts but moved to Farmington, Maine as a child with his father, Elvation Parker, and eventually worked for a period as a stonemason. In 1807 he married Judith Thomas. Parker served as a County Commissioner for several years and in 1838 Governor Edward Kent appointed Parker to be a probate judge from Franklin County where he served until 1845.
Parker later carried on extensive business in the probate courts. In 1846 Parker published a book on the History of Farmington Maine.
In 1856 he donated $5,000 to Bates College then called the Maine State Seminary, and Parker Hall at Bates is named in his honor.
He died in 1860.
# Thookkanampakkam

Thookkanampakkam is a revenue village in Cuddalore district, state of Tamil Nadu, India.
# Thonzylamine

Thonzylamine (or neohetramine) is an antihistamine and anticholinergic used as an antipruritic.
# Rod Smallwood (disambiguation)

Rod Smallwood may refer to:
* Rod Smallwood (medical engineer) (born 1945), British medical engineer
* Rod Smallwood (born 1950), English music manager
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Ambositra

The Diocese of Ambositra is a Roman Catholic Diocese under the Archdiocese of Fianarantsoa in Madagascar. It is based in the town of Ambositra and was erected on 3 June 1999. It performs the Latin Rite. The Diocese covers approximately 24,000 km (15,000 mi). As of 2004, the diocese population was about 334,828, with 48.1% Catholic. 57 priests were in the Diocese as of 2004 for a ratio of 5,874 Catholics for every 1 Priest. Fidelis Rakotonarivo, SJ has been the Bishop of the Diocese since June 2005.

## Bishops
### Ordinaries

* Fulgence Rabemahafaly (3 June 1999 - 1 October 2002), appointed Archbishop of Fianarantsoa
* Fidelis Rakotonarivo, S.J. (24 Jun 2005 -)

## Statistics in 2016
### Other priest of this diocese who became bishop

* Marcellin Randriamamonjy, appointed Bishop of Fenoarivo Atsinanana in 2009
# Roger I of Fézensaguet

Roger I Armagnac (1190 – 22 March 1245) was Viscount of Fezensaguet. He was the son of Bernard I, Viscount of Fezensaguet and Lomagne, and Geralda de Foix.

## Biography

Roger I of Fezensaguet married Pincelle, the Maid of Albret, daughter of Amanieu IV, Lord of Albret, and Asselide Tartas. Their children were:
* Gerald VI (1235 † 1285), Viscount Fezensaguet, then Count of Armagnac and Fézensac.
* Roger, founder of the branch of the lords and barons of Termes d'Armagnac.
* Arnaud Bernard († 1272), killed in a battle against Gerald Cazaubon.
* Jeanne, married to 1240/42 with Raymond Sancho Manas.
# Thomas Robinson (orientalist)

Thomas Robinson (1790 – 17 May 1873) was an English churchman and academic who became the Archdeacon of Madras in 1826, Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic at Cambridge in 1837, and Master of the Temple in 1845.

## Life

Robinson was the youngest son of Thomas Robinson (1749–1813). He was educated at Rugby School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he matriculated as a scholar in 1809. In 1810 he gained the first Bell scholarship, and he graduated B.A. in 1813. He proceeded M.A. in 1816, was admitted ad eundem at Oxford in 1839, and graduated D.D. in 1844.
Robinson was ordained deacon in 1815 and priest in 1816, then went out as a missionary to India. He was appointed chaplain on the Bombay establishment, and was stationed first at Seroor and then at Poonah. He attracted the notice of Thomas Fanshaw Middleton, and in 1825 he was appointed chaplain to Middleton's successor, Reginald Heber. He was present at Trichinopoly on 2 April 1826, when Heber was drowned, and preached and published a funeral sermon. Before the end of 1826, he was made Archdeacon of Madras.
In 1837 Robinson was appointed Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic at the University of Cambridge. In 1845 he was elected Master of the Temple, and in 1847 was appointed Prebendary of Mora with a stall in St Paul's Cathedral. In 1853 was presented to the rectory of Therfield, Hertfordshire. In the following year, he was made canon of Rochester Cathedral, resigning his professorship at Cambridge. He gave up his rectory in 1860, and the mastership of the Temple in 1869, being succeeded by Charles John Vaughan.
Robinson died at the Precincts, Rochester, on 13 May 1873.

## Works

Early in his time in India, Robinson was engaged in translating the Old Testament into Persian. The first part, The History of Joseph from the Pentateuch, appeared in 1825, and two others, Isaiah to Malachi and Chronicles to Canticles, in 1837 and 1838. Other works were:
* Discourses on the Evidences of Christianity, Calcutta, 1819, dedicated to Thomas Fanshaw Middleton.
* The Last Days of Bishop Heber, Madras, 1829.
* On the Study of Oriental Literature, 1838, inaugural lecture delivered on 22 May 1838.
* The Character of St. Paul the Model of the Christian Ministry, Cambridge, 1840.
* The Twin Fallacies of Rome, Supremacy and Infallibility, London, 1851.

## Family

Robinson was first married in 1816, to Esther Eleanor, by Charles Simeon. She died at Therfield on 3 July 1855. He was survived by his wife Mary, and by two sons who were clerics, Charles Edward Ricketts (born in Madras 1829, died 1881), and Thomas (died 1895) who was a Cambridge Apostle and Head Master of Potsdam School, Jamaica.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Évry-Corbeil-Essonnes

The Diocese of Évry–Corbeil-Essonnes (Latin: Dioecesis Evriensis–Corbiliensis-Exonensis; French: Diocèse d'Evry–Corbeil-Essonnes) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in France. Erected in 1966 as the Diocese of Corbeil, the diocese was split off from the Diocese of Versailles. In 1988, the diocese was renamed to the Diocese of Évry–Corbeil-Essonnes. Currently the diocese remains a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Paris.
The current bishop is Michel Armand Alexis Jean Pansard who was appointed on 1 August 2017 by Pope Francis.

## Ordinaries

* Albert-Georges-Yves Malbois (9 Oct 1966 Appointed – 13 Sep 1977 Resigned) (died 2 February 2017)
* Guy Alexis Herbulot (12 May 1978 Appointed – 15 Apr 2000 Retired)
* Michel Dubost, C.I.M. (15 Apr 2000 Appointed – 1 August 2017 Retired)
* Michel Armand Alexis Jean Pansard (1 August 2017 Appointed – present)
# Three Jewels Temples

The Three Jewels Temples (삼보사찰| Sambosachal) are the three principal Buddhist temples in Korea, each representing one of the Three Jewels of Buddhism, and all located in South Korea.
Tongdosa in South Gyeongsang Province represents the Buddha; Haeinsa, also in South Gyeongsang Province, represents the dharma or Buddhist teachings; and Songgwangsa in South Jeolla Province represents the sangha or Buddhist community.
In most Korean Buddhist temples, the highest, most important, and often largest building is the Mahavira Hall--the central hall containing statues of the historical Buddha and other important figures. In the Three Jewel Temples, however, the most important buildings are ones that emphasize each temple's particular jewel. Thus, the main hall in Tongdosa opens out onto a stupa which the faithful claim contains relics of the Buddha; Haeinsa has two large buildings holding the Tripitaka Koreana; and Songgwangsa has several prominent buildings dedicated to its monastic community (including the numerous Seon (Zen) Masters the temple has produced).
# Napoléonsgaard

Napoleonsgaart is a hill in the commune of Rambrouch, in western Luxembourg. It is 554 metres (1,818 ft) tall, and lies to the north-east of Schwiedelbrouch.
Napoleonsgaart is the third-highest summit in Luxembourg and the highest point in the Canton of Redange.

## History

Napoleonsgaart (literally: "garden of Napoléon") is so-named from the plantations that were made there on the order of Napoléon Bonaparte to honor the birth of his first son in 1811 at the supposed highest point of the Département des Forêts.
Between 1905 and 1952, Napoleonsgaart was considered the highest point in Luxembourg. It was superseded by Buurgplaatz 559 m (1,834 ft) which was itself superseded by Kneiff 560 m (1,840 ft) in 1997.
# Puerto Madero Street Circuit

The Puerto Madero Street Circuit was a street circuit located in Puerto Madero, Buenos Aires. It was used for the first time on 10 January 2015 for the fourth ePrix of Formula E. The track was 2.480 km (1.541 mi) in length and featured 12 turns. The circuit was designed by Santiago García Remohí. The circuit was the only venue to have featured in the first three seasons, however it did not feature in the fourth season.
# Puerto López, Meta

Puerto Alfonso López (Spanish pronunciation:) is a small town and municipality in the Orinoquía Region (Llanos region) of Meta Department, Colombia. It is known as Puerto López and is a port on the Meta river. The town is located approximately 100 kilometers east of the town of Villavicencio. Its main industries are agriculture and cattle.
Puerto Lopez has been said to be the "belly button", or geographical center, of Colombia. Nearby is the Obelisco del Alto de Menegua, a 30 meter tall obelisk that marks the intersection of 4 degrees north latitude and 72 degrees west longitude.

## History

The town was established on 1 May 1935. It was centered on the river port and pre-existing village. On 3 May 1937, the Intendencia for Meta Department ordered the creation of the Yacuana District (corregimiento) whose capital is Puerto Alfonso Lopez. The municipality was established on 3 July 1955, in accordance with National Decree No. 2543 of 1945.

## Climate

Climate data for Puerto López (Margaritas Las Hda), elevation 150 m (490 ft), (1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 34.3 (93.7) | 34.8 (94.6) | 34.4 (93.9) | 32.5 (90.5) | 31.2 (88.2) | 30.1 (86.2) | 30.2 (86.4) | 30.8 (87.4) | 31.8 (89.2) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.2 (90.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.9 (82.2) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.3 (79.3) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.7 (78.3) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.6 (79.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.7 (71.1) | 22.1 (71.8) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.6 (72.7) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.8 (71.2) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.5 (72.5) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.1 (71.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 13.8 (0.54) | 37.9 (1.49) | 92.4 (3.64) | 230.8 (9.09) | 313.9 (12.36) | 330.4 (13.01) | 291.9 (11.49) | 257.2 (10.13) | 230.2 (9.06) | 232.7 (9.16) | 140.7 (5.54) | 25.6 (1.01) | 2,197.7 (86.52) |
| Average precipitation days | 2 | 4 | 8 | 14 | 19 | 20 | 18 | 17 | 14 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 136 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 72 | 71 | 72 | 78 | 82 | 85 | 86 | 85 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 78 | 80 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 226.3 | 200.4 | 164.3 | 132.0 | 130.2 | 138.0 | 133.3 | 142.6 | 165.0 | 176.7 | 177.0 | 213.9 | 1,999.7 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.3 | 7.1 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 5.5 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales ||||||||||||||
# Purpose (Curtis Lundy album)

Purpose is an album by double bassist Curtis Lundy. It was recorded on October 1 and 2, 2001, at Sound on Sound Studios in New York City, and was released in 2002 by Justin Time Records. On the album, Lundy is joined by saxophonist Mark Shim, vibraphonist Steve Nelson, pianists John Hicks and Anthony Wonsey, and drummer Billy Hart.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| All About Jazz | |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
In a review for AllMusic, Ken Dryden wrote: "Lundy only occasionally steps into the studio to lead his own record date, but the bassist never disappoints... The obvious interaction among the participants in their interpretations of this mostly new material makes this CD one that stands up very well to repeated hearings."
The authors of The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings called the album "the best" of Lundy's recordings to date, and stated that "Oveida" "deserves minor modern classic status."
Harvey Siders of JazzTimes noted Lundy's "beauty of tone" and "instinct for swing," stating that his "purpose here is to blend five other like-minded veterans and newcomers." He praised "Blues for J.A.," in which "Lundy reveals the sheer joy and power of straightahead walking that conjures up the abandon of Leroy Vinnegar."
Writing for All About Jazz, Jim Santella remarked: "As if working a nightclub session in the wee hours of the morning, Curtis Lundy's quintet purrs with a smooth sound and a subtle, but forceful, rhythmic drive... Mainstream jazz is in good hands."

## Track listing

* "Snake Eyes" (Mark Shim) – 7:57
* "Shape Shifting" (Steve Nelson) – 5:49
* "A Walk in Serendipity" (Curtis Lundy) – 7:26
* "Love Transforms" (Curtis Lundy) – 6:08
* "Two Heartbeats" (John Hicks) – 5:36
* "Oveida" (Curtis Lundy) – 9:13
* "Pas de Trois" (Paul Arslanian) – 7:54
* "Blues for J.A." (Curtis Lundy) – 5:24
* "Carmen" (Anthony Wonsey) – 4:54

## Personnel

* Curtis Lundy – double bass
* Mark Shim – tenor saxophone
* Steve Nelson – vibraphone
* John Hicks – piano (tracks 3, 5, 7)
* Anthony Wonsey – piano (tracks 1–2, 4, 6, 8–9)
* Billy Hart – drums
# Pulpit Rock (Cape Schanck)

Pulpit Rock is a rock located in Cape Schanck, Victoria, Australia. It is in the Mornington Peninsula National Park, near the Bass Strait.
Pulpit Rock is a geological formation created by volcanic activity over millions of years. Its base is called Devils Desk (see image below).
A painting of the rock by Nicholas Chevalier (1828–1902) is held in the Art Gallery of New South Wales.

## Erosion

Pulpit Rock was eroded constantly by large waves and heavy winds over millions of years, thus its unique appearance.
# Purposeful omission

Purposeful omission is the leaving out of particular nonessential details that can be assumed by the reader (if used in literature), according to the context and attitudes/gestures made by the characters in the stories. It allows for the reader to make their own abstract representation of the situation at hand.
In the book Why We Fought: America's Wars in Film and History, author Peter Rollins mentions that war movies in the US have purposely omitted some facts so as to make it acceptable to the Pentagon. In their book Representing Lives: Women and Auto/biography, Alison Donnell and Pauline Polkey discuss the difficulty of judging the authenticity of accounts of violence against women when these accounts are made by women in position of prestige and power, as such women are likely to omit some details for the sake of their own image.
According to some authors, purposeful omissions are allowed to carry out the law in spirit and action. In the context of technology, the term is used to denote the avoidance of unwanted or unnecessary feedback.
# Purpose Network

In higher education, a purpose network is an online community intentionally designed to support critical student learning outcomes through peer-to-peer, peer-to-staff, and staff-to-peer communication. College student purpose networks, unlike social networks, create the academic and social communities essential for success in university life.
   “Progressive universities are capitalizing on these fundings by creating focused, intentional online purpose networks to facilitate their institutional goals. In a college student purpose network, universities seek to instill and provide platforms to support institutional learning outcomes. College student purpose networks, unlike the social networks (such as MySpace and Facebook), intentionally create the academic and social communities essential for university life. They are bidirectional communicative platforms going far above and beyond email as a means of communication.”
As an example, in order to support student success and retention initiatives, institutions may use purpose networks as part of a strategy to follow recommendations from retention literature to: increase academic and social integration, mattering and marginality, and engagement.
   “Preliminary results from a study conducted by EducationDynamics across 20 schools indicate that students involved in purpose networks were retained to their sophomore year at a 9% higher rate than students not involved in the network. Additionally, over 13% of students surveyed across 26 universities reported that the purpose network was “very important” or “extremely important” in their decision to remain enrolled at the university.”
Members of the university purpose network community can include administration, staff, faculty, instructors, and RA's. Purpose networks can be used in The First Year Experience Program, overall persistence programs, admissions, alumni outreach, parent communication and more. Within admissions, purpose networks can be used as a marketing tool to sway prospective students to attend an institution be increasing the interactivity of the students connections to the institutions. University purpose networks take advantage of the two-way communication afforded by Web 2.0 and includes content such as written articles, self-assessment surveys, peer-peer connections, profiles, discussions boards, groups, reviews of places, online curricula and more.
# Push-to-talk

Push-to-talk (PTT), also known as press-to-transmit, is a method of having conversations or talking on half-duplex communication lines, including two-way radio, using a momentary button to switch from voice reception mode to transmit mode.

## History

For example, an air traffic controller usually supervises several aircraft and talks on one radio frequency to all of them. Those under the same frequency can hear others' transmissions while using procedure words such as "break", "break break" to separate order during the conversation (ICAO doc 9432). In doing so, they are aware of each other's actions and intentions. Unlike in a conference call, they do not hear background noise from the ones who are not speaking. Similar considerations apply to police radio, the use of business band radios on construction sites, and other scenarios requiring coordination of several parties. Citizens Band is another example of classic push-to-talk operation.
The PTT switch is most commonly located on the radio's handheld microphone, or for small hand-held radios, directly on the radio. For heavy radio users, a PTT foot switch may be used, and also can be combined with either a boom-mounted microphone or a headset with integrated microphone.
Less commonly, a separate hand-held PTT switch may be used. This type of switch was historically called a pressel.
In situations where a user may be too busy to handle a talk switch, voice operated switches are sometimes employed. Some systems use PTT ID to identify the speaker.

## Mobile phones

Push-to-talk over cellular (PTToC) is a service option for a cellular phone network that enables subscribers to use their phones as walkie-talkies with unlimited range. A typical push-to-talk connection connects almost instantly. A significant advantage of PTT is the ability for a single person to reach an active talk group with a single button press; users don't need to make several telephone calls to coordinate with a group.
Push-to-talk cellular calls similarly provide half-duplex communications – while one person transmits, the other(s) receive. This combines the operational advantages of PTT with the interference resistance and other virtues of mobile phones. Manufacturers of (POC or PoC) hardware include ToooAir and Hytera US Inc.
Mobile push-to-talk services, offered by some mobile carriers directly as well as by independent companies, adds PTT functionality to smartphones and specialized mobile handsets (hand portable and mobile/base station PTT Radio Terminals). In addition to mobile handsets, some services also work on a laptop, desktop, and tablet computers.

## Smartphone and computer apps

Recent development in PTT communications is the appearance of apps on smartphones, some of which can function on multiple platforms. Wireless carrier-grade PTT systems have adapted to and adopted the smartphone platform by providing downloadable apps that support their PTT systems across many mobile platforms. Over-the-top (OTT) applications do not depend on a specific carrier or type of communication network, and may be slower than carrier implementations.
# Pygmy kingfisher

Pygmy kingfisher may refer to:

## Subfamily

* River kingfisher, the subfamily Alcedininae

## Species

* African pygmy kingfisher, Ispidina picta
* American pygmy kingfisher, Chloroceryle aenea
* Madagascar pygmy kingfisher, Corythornis madagascariensis