OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Skull bossing

Skull bossing is a descriptive term in medical physical examination indicating a protuberance of the skull, most often in the frontal bones of the forehead ("frontal bossing"). Although prominence of the skull bones may be normal, skull bossing may be associated with certain medical conditions, including nutritional, metabolic, hormonal, and hematologic disorders.

## Frontal bossing

Frontal bossing is the development of an unusually pronounced forehead which may also be associated with a heavier than normal brow ridge. It is caused by enlargement of the frontal bone, often in conjunction with abnormal enlargement of other facial bones, skull, mandible, and bones of the hands and feet. Frontal bossing may be seen in a few rare medical syndromes such as acromegaly – a chronic medical disorder in which the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (GH). Frontal bossing may also occur in diseases resulting in chronic anemia, where there is increased hematopoiesis and enlargement of the medullary cavities of the skull.

## Associated medical disorders

* Rickets
* Achondroplasia
* Acromegaly
* Basal cell nevus syndrome
* Congenital syphilis
* Cleidocranial dysostosis
* Crouzon syndrome
* Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome (CAPS – PFS)
* Ectodermal dysplasia
* Extramedullary hematopoiesis
* Fragile X syndrome
* Hurler syndrome
* Osteopathia Striata with Cranial Sclerosis
* Pfeiffer syndrome
* Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
* Russell-Silver syndrome (Russell-Silver dwarf)
* Thanatophoric dysplasia
* Talfan syndrome
* Trimethadione (antiseizure drug) use during pregnancy
* Beta-thalassemia (due to expansion of bone marrow secondary to increased hematopoiesis; see Extramedullary hematopoiesis)
* Hallermann-Streiff syndrome
# Virtual tax

Virtual tax is a proposed USA tax on internet gamers for items bought or traded solely within the virtual world (Internet game worlds). The tax on a transaction would be considered as if it were a purchase or sale (if real currency is involved) or barter (if not). Virtual property, on the death of the owner, would be considered as if it were any other intangible property for the purpose of estate or inheritance tax. The Joint Economic Committee of the U.S. Congress has investigated taxing such transactions. This tax might include items bought with virtual currency, virtual items traded for other virtual items, real items traded for virtual items, and real currency traded for virtual items.

## Examples

Many online games, like Maple Story, have implemented a tax system to curb the inflation rate of in-game items. The tax is collected whenever a trade is conducted between two players. A small percentage of in-game money paid by the buyer is collected as tax before reaching the hands of the seller. The game developer claims that by taking out a small amount of game money in each trade, it will curb the inflation.
However, many users stated that this is the biggest push factor to inflate, as the sellers now demand higher prices before selling an item (in order to make up for the loss of in-game money through tax system). Also, some users state that the inflation will eventually stop without the interference of the game developer. They claim that as more players achieve high levels, they would be able to hunt more monsters and deliver more equipment. Like the real world, the economy of online games are based on supply and demand. When more items are released into the market, it pushes the supply up, resulting in cheaper goods.

## Recent restrictions and changes

eBay, in order to protect virtual property and avoid legal action against them, has banned all sales from virtual sites. The only exception to the ban is Second Life which in the eyes of many, including eBay representatives, is not a game. Many of the major virtual world (e.g. EverQuest II) providers have also started their own virtual trading shops. Players will be able to trade virtual items with other players for real cash, and the providers will receive a small tax charged on every transaction.
The government has also stated that they want to start taxing online game transactions; however, charging these new taxes will require new equipment.
# Vivek Jaisimha

Vivek Jaisimha (born 18 March 1964) is an Indian former first-class cricketer who represented Hyderabad and Goa. He is the son of former India international cricketer M. L. Jaisimha.

## Life and career

Jaisimha was born on 18 March 1964 in Hyderabad. His father M. L. Jaisimha was also a batsman who played 39 Test matches for India.
Jaisimha was a right-handed batsman and occasional right-arm off break bowler. He played for Hyderabad for 12 seasons from 1982/83 to 1993/94 and Goa for four seasons from 1994/95 to 1997/98. He was part of the Hyderabad team that won the 1986–87 Ranji Trophy and 1987–88 Irani Cup. Jaisimha was one of the top five run-getters of the 1989–90 Ranji Trophy with 534 runs at an average of over 59. He finished his career with close to 4000 runs in 78 first-class matches and more than 500 runs in 19 List A matches.
Jaisimha became a coach after retirement. He worked as the assistant coach of Hyderabad in the early- and mid-2000s. Between 2008 and 2010, he worked as a match referee. He was the batting coach of Hyderabad until November 2010, when he resigned from the position in the aftermath of Hyderabad getting bowled out for 21, the lowest ever Ranji total, in a match against Rajasthan. He then worked as one of the coaches at the Hyderabad Cricket Association's Cricket Academy of Excellence.
# Small Business Act (United States)

The Small Business Act is the Act of Congress which created the Small Business Administration. It was enacted July 30, 1953, originally as the Small Business Act of 1953 as Title II of Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 83–163 (ch. 282, 67 Stat. 232. It was codified at 15 U.S.C. ch. 14A.
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation Liquidation Act, which was Title I of Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 83–163, abolished the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

## Amendments

The Small Business Act Amendments of 1958 (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 85–536, 72 Stat. 384, enacted July 18, 1958) withdrew Title II as part of that act and made it a separate act to be known as the "Small Business Act". Its function was and is to "aid, counsel, assist and protect, insofar as is possible, the interests of small business concerns".
It was amended in 1978 (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 95–507) resulting in contracting requirements that resulted in the establishment of Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilizations.
It was amended again in 1988 with Public Law 100-646 requiring projections for procurement planning.
It was amended again in 2017 by the Improving Contract Procurement for Small Businesses through More Accurate Reporting Act of 2017 (incorporated within the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018, signed by the President on 12 December 2017), and in 2020 by the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020 (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 116–142 (text) (PDF)), which loosened the requirements for loan forgiveness.
# Vizura

Vizura is the name of several sports teams from Belgrade, Serbia:
* OK Vizura, women's volleyball team
* KK Vizura, defunct men's basketball team (2003–2009)
* KK Mega Vizura, a former name of men's basketball team now known as KK Mega Basket
* Vizura Sports Center, basketball hall in Belgrade
# Viscount of Barrosa

Viscount of Barrosa (Portuguese: Visconde da Barrosa) is a Portuguese title of nobility, created on July 9, 1892 by Carlos I, king of Portugal, for José Ribeiro Lima da Costa Azevedo, 1st Viscount of Barrosa (Barcelos, July 8, 1851 – Viana do Castelo, November 30, 1925), a prominent political figure in Viana do Castelo and local philanthropist.
The viscountship takes its name from Casa da Barrosa, an eighteenth-century manor house and estate inherited by the first holder's wife Antónia Ribeiro Lima in Vila Franca do Lima, Viana do Castelo.
# Vismia mandurr

Vismia mandurr, the mancharropa or puntelanza, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae, native to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It is fed upon by Colombian woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha lugens).
# Vismya

Vismya is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis). Also, the placement of this genus within the Dothideomycetes is uncertain.
# Sleeping Child (Bonnie Pink song)
## CD single

"Sleeping Child" is Bonnie Pink's fourth single from the album Let Go. The single was released under the East West Japan label on July 12, 2000.

### Track listing

* "Sleeping Child" (Original)
* "Sleeping Child" (Protein Shake Mix)
* "Sleeping Child" ("The Gyrations of Virgin Microbes" Mix)
* "Sleeping Child" ("Bonnie in Paris" Mix)

## 12" limited vinyl singles

"Sleeping Child" was also released as two remix vinyls (12" limited) on July 12, 2000.

### Remix 1 track listing

* a1. "Sleeping Child" (Protein Shake Mix) by Yuka Honda of Cibo Matto
* a2. "Sleeping Child" (Original)
* b1. "Reason" (Season Dub) by Kaoru Inoue for Chari Chari
* b2. "Reason" (Original)

### Remix 2 track listing

* a1. "Sleeping Child" ("The Gyrations of Virgin Microbes" Mix / Stereolab)
* a2. "Sleeping Child" ("The Gyrations of Virgin Microbes" Mix Instrumental / Stereolab)
* b1. "Sleeping Child" ("Bonnie in Paris" Mix / The High Llamas)
* b2. "Sleeping Child" ("Bonnie in Paris" Mix Instrumental / The High Llamas)
# Slope house

Slope house or Souterrain house is a house with soil or rock completely covering the bottom floor on one side and partly two of the walls on the bottom floor. The house has two entries depending on the ground level.
The main reason for building a slope house is due to the landscape, for example the land where the house should be built is placed on a hill or a slope on a mountain. Opposite to earth shelter the primary reason is not to use the thermal mass from the surrounding to insulate the house. Sometimes the soil is excavated to make the floor area the same on both upper and lower floor, the soil can also be partly excavated making the area for the lower floor smaller. When a house is built in a slope the advantage in an open country is the view, mountain, lake or meadow.
# Snooker lists

Here are many different lists associated with snooker.

## Lists of players

* List of snooker players, a list of professional players from all eras
* List of world snooker champions
* List of snooker players by number of ranking titles
* List of snooker world number ones
* List of snooker players with over 100 century breaks

## Other lists

* Glossary of cue sports terms
* List of snooker referees
* List of snooker tournaments
* Maximum break § List of official maximum breaks
# So'oialo

So'oialo is a surname, and may refer to:
* James So'oialo (born 2 March 1989), Samoan rugby union footballer, brother of Rodney and Steven
* Rodney So'oialo (born 3 October 1979), New Zealand rugby union player, brother of James and Steven
* Steven So'oialo (born 11 May 1977), Samoan rugby union footballer, brother of James and Rodney
# Small pencil-tailed tree mouse

The small pencil-tailed tree mouse or lesser pencil-tailed tree mouse (Chiropodomys pusillus) is a species of arboreal rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is only known from Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia) and from southern Kalimantan (Indonesia), although it likely occurs more widely.
# Vredendal

Vredendal (locally /ˈfrɪərdəndʌl/) is a town in the northern Olifants River Valley in the Western Cape province of South Africa, with a population (according to the 2001 census) of 16,164 people. It lies 250 kilometres (160 mi) north of Cape Town on the banks of the Olifants River at the southern edge of Little Namaqualand.
Vredendal was laid out in 1933 as part of the Olifants River Irrigation Scheme, and attained municipal status in 1963. The name is Dutch and Afrikaans for "valley of peace", and was taken from the name of an old farm.
Vredendal is the administrative and commercial centre of the northern Olifants River Valley and the northern part of the Western Cape province. It is the seat of the Matzikama Local Municipality and of a magistrate's court. Between 1968 and 2001 it was a major integrated military base housing two SAAF fighter jet squadrons, a ground attack squadron, an Aerial refueling squadron, two airlifting transport squadrons attached to 3 Paratrooper Companies, two attack helicopter squadrons colocated with an SADF Armoured Battalion and 2 Light Infantry Battalions which formed the 6th SADF Infantry Brigade. It was also the site of the 4 Coastal Artillery Group of the SADF Navy equipped with Surface to Ship Guided Missiles and Anti-Submarine Helicopters.
Vredendal is connected to the N7 national road by the R362 and R363 roads, which run along the north and south banks, respectively, of the Olifants River. Vredendal is also served by the West Coast railway line which runs from Cape Town to Bitterfontein. The travel distance from Cape Town is approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) by road and 360 kilometres (220 mi) by rail.
It is on the boundary between the Mediterranean climate to the south and the semi-arid climate towards the north. Winters are mild with occasional rainy days. The summers can be warm to very hot and very dry.
In August 2014 the town hit the news headlines when Lionel Phillips, acting director for development and city planning, caused an uproar by requesting the organisers of the Namaqua festival to cancel the performance of the singer Steve Hofmeyr. Hofmeyr responded by stating "There you have it Lionel Phillips: 17 artists, one agency and a whole town without an income for that weekend."
On 27 October 2015, a temperature of 48.4 °C was recorded in Vredendal, the highest global temperature for October that year.
# Smethwick Junction

Smethwick Junction is a junction on the Birmingham to Worcester via Kidderminster Line. With Galton Junction, northbound trains on the West Coast Main Line's Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford Line can join the Birmingham to Worcester via Kidderminster Line in a westbound direction.
Until the re-opening of Birmingham Snow Hill for stations to Kidderminster in 1995, all passenger services routed via Smethwick and Galton Junctions to reach Birmingham New Street. With this re-opening, use of the link between the two junctions has sharply decreased. This was compounded with the removal/re-routing of the Worcester to New Street service in 2004, and now only selected freight services and charter trains use the link. It has also been used as a way to divert trains to Cheltenham Spa via Stourbridge Junction and Worcester Shrub Hill. In addition, the first and last Cardiff Central CrossCountry services of the day, which start and terminate at New Street, use this junction for operational reasons.
On 12 November 2011, London Midland operated a service from Birmingham New Street to Kidderminster as part of a farewell to its Class 150 fleet.
# So Close, So Far (song)

"So Close, So Far" is the second single by the post-grunge band Hoobastank from their fourth studio album For(n)ever. In interviews, Doug Robb stated that he "wrote the song about the many men and women across the world fighting to keep peace and fighting for America. It's how I would feel if I was away from them fighting a war".

## Critical reception

The song received a positive review from Chuck Taylor of Billboard Magazine:
   "So Close, So Far" sounds like a better bet to return Hooba to the upper reaches of the charts: It's still credibly post-grunge, but a better display case for lead Doug Robb's fervid vocals, alongside plenty of howling guitars and pealing percussion. The track could take command of not only rock; it's catchy enough to seduce adult top 40, returning the California band to glory.

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks | 24 |
# So Close (Hall & Oates song)

"So Close" is a 1990 song by American pop duo Hall & Oates. It was written by Daryl Hall and George Green, and produced by Danny Kortchmar and Jon Bon Jovi. The song was released as the lead single from the Change of Season album and peaked at number 11 in the United States and number four in Canada. An acoustic version of the song also appears on the album and as a B-side of the single.

## Release and reception

"So Close" was released as a single in September 1990, and it debuted on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart the same month. It peaked at number 11 in December and spent 19 weeks on the chart. "So Close" was Hall & Oates' 29th and most recent single to reach the Top 40 section of the chart, although they've had songs appear outside of the Top 40 since then. The song also reached number 11 on the Hot 100 Airplay chart, number 14 on the Singles Sales chart, and number six on the Adult Contemporary chart. The single peaked at number four in Canada and ranked number 36 on RPM magazine's year-end chart. It was less commercially successful in the United Kingdom, where it spent a sole week on the UK Singles Chart at number 69.

## Critical response

"So Close" received generally mixed reviews from music critics. In the January 1991 issue of Spin magazine, writer Ted Friedman described the single as "overproduced" and "butchered", but added, "To hear what a gorgeous song it really is, check out the acoustic version that ends the album." The Virgin Encyclopedia of 70s Music, edited by Colin Larkin, stated that producers Bon Jovi and Kortchmar "added a strong rock flavour to [Hall & Oates'] sound". Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic wrote that the song was the exception on an album that he felt was "largely undistinguished, relying more on sound than songcraft". A previously unreleased live version of "So Close", which appears on the 2009 box set Do What You Want, Be What You Are: The Music of Daryl Hall and John Oates, was called "impressive" by Ben Ratliff of The New York Times.
# Vorres Museum

The Vorres Museum is a diachronic museum of folk and contemporary art in Paiania, Athens, Greece. Its grounds cover 80 acres (320,000 m$^2$) including several buildings, gardens and courtyards. Its collection includes over 6000 pieces covering 4000 years of Greek history and art. The museum has been donated by the Vorres family to the Greek state.
Its President and Founder was Greek philanthropist Ian Vorres (1924 - 2015), who studied art in Canada at Queen's University in Kingston Ontario and the University of Toronto. While there he met HIH Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna,(the sister of Russia's last Czar Nicholas II) who asked him to write her biography, which was published in 1962 as The Last Grand Duchess.
# Vorrtind Peak

Vorrtind Peak (73°5′S 1°35′W﻿ / ﻿73.083°S 1.583°W﻿ / -73.083; -1.583) is a peak at the north end of Austvorren Ridge, just north of Neumayer Cliffs in Queen Maud Land. Photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Vorrtind (the jetty peak).
This article incorporates public domain material from "Vorrtind Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
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# Smicronyx squalidus

Smicronyx squalidus is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Smicronyx quadrifer

Smicronyx quadrifer, the white dodder weevil, is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Social ecology

Social ecology may refer to:
* Social ecology (academic field), the study of relationships between people and their environment, often the interdependence of people, collectives and institutions
* Social ecological model, frameworks for depicting the conceptual interrelations between environmental and personal factors
* Social-ecology, a French political movement
* Social ecology (ethics), the concept of human interaction with the environment and its effect
** Social ecology (Bookchin), a theory about the relationship between ecological and social issues, associated with Murray Bookchin
# Volunteer Jam/Classic Live Performances: Volume One

Volunteer Jam/ Classic Live Performances: Volume one is a compilation album of live performances from previous Volunteer Jam concerts and albums by American musician Charlie Daniels.

## Track listing

* Can't You See (performed by Toy Caldwell, Paul T. Riddle, Papa John Creach, Grinderswitch, Bonnie Bramlett, Wet Willie, Chuck Leavell, and CDB) 5:30
* Statesboro Blues (performed by Charlie Daniels, Jimmy Hall, and Sea Level) 6:28
* Funny How Time Slips Away/Crazy/Night Life (performed by Toy Caldwell and Willie Nelson) 8:25
* Mississippi Queen (performed by Molly Hatchet and Ted Nugent) 3:08
* Lady Luck (performed by Grinderswitch) 5:08
* Down Home Blues (performed by CDB, Papa John Creach, and LA Reflection Section) 5:30
* Keep on Smiling (performed by Richie Cannata and Wet Willie) 6:48
* The South's Gonna Do It (Again) (performed by Charlie Daniels and Jimmy Hall) 5:11
# Vroman's Bookstore

Vroman's Bookstore is reportedly the oldest and largest independent bookstore by multiple news media reporters in Southern California.
The store hosts over 400 free community events a year including children's storytimes, trivia nights, craft classes, bake-offs, and launch parties, and has hosted such authors as President Bill Clinton, President Jimmy Carter, Irving Stone, Upton Sinclair, Ray Bradbury, David Sedaris, Salman Rushdie, Walter Mosley, Joan Didion, Barbara Walters, Anne Rice, Neil Gaiman, Justice Sonia Sotomayor, and Bernie Sanders.

## Background

Founded in 1894 by Adam Clark Vroman, the original Vroman's Book and Photographic Supply store was located at 60 E. Colorado St in Pasadena, California. Mr. Vroman loved books and loved giving back to his community. Mr. Vroman was also a passionate photographer, specializing in scenes of the American West and his portraits of Native Americans. When Mr. Vroman died in 1916, he left the bookstore to long-time employees.
During World War II, Vroman's donated and delivered books to Japanese Americans interned at nearby camps, such as the Manzanar camp in Owens Valley.
In 2008, Vroman's was named Bookseller of the Year by Publishers Weekly, an international news magazine of book publishing.
In 2009, Vroman's bought another beloved independent bookstore, Book Soup in West Hollywood, after its owner died and the store was in danger of closing.
In 2020, Vroman's Bookstore itself was in danger of closing due to a significant drop in sales resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic.
# Social clause

Within the context of international trade, a social clause is the integration of sustainability standards, such as the core ILO labour rights conventions into trade agreements.
During the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1996, it became clear that no multilateral social clause would be adopted. There are social clauses in bi- and plurilateral agreements.