OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hugo Rittson-Thomas

Hugo Rittson-Thomas is a British photographer. He is best known for high-profile photographic portraiture, including portraits of Queen Elizabeth II, the Dalai Lama and David Cameron.

## Biography

For many years Rittson-Thomas worked in film and television, including as a producer and director for Channel 4 and London Weekend Television. He worked closely with Janet Street Porter as a director on the influential youth TV programme Network 7. He gave up film and television to study Fine Art at Central Saint Martins, Middlesex University (Hornsey College of Art), under Professor Jon Thompson and Goldsmiths University of London. He subsequently trained as a qualified fine art teacher, completing his PGCE at the UCL Institute of Education, London before teaching for a while in London Comprehensive schools.

## Work

Rittson-Thomas works principally as a portrait photographer. His 2014 project the Queen's People is a photographic portrait of the British monarchy today, and those who sustain it. The project comprises fifty formal portraits based on special access granted by The Queen, Prince William and Prime Minister David Cameron, as well as to members of the clergy, livery, royal palace, Parliament, military and peers. The photographs offer a detailed insight into the traditional dress codes and pageant of the United Kingdom, whilst focusing on the characters behind the royal and ceremonial regalia. The Queen's People, was published by Assouline in 2016.
Rittson-Thomas's first book, Secret Gardens of the Cotswolds, was published by Frances Lincoln on 5 February 2015. The book was launched at the London Garden Museum. In September 2015, Great Gardens of London was published, revealing a wealth of private gardens, from 10 Downing Street, Clarence House (courtesy of HRH Prince Charles) and the American Ambassador's residence, Winfield House. Most recently, Rittson-Thomas has produced the Secret Gardens: Private Sanctuaries of Britain's Artists and Creators, featuring the gardens of Sting, Anish Kapoor, Rupert Everett and Prue Leith. The book is due for release in October 2017.
Before he became a portraitist, Rittson-Thomas made fine art film and video art. He made a noted video work about Princess Diana, which featured in the art exhibition Temple of Diana. The show was curated by the art writer Neal Brown.
In 2021 he published Wildflowers for the Queen: A Visual Celebration of Britain's Coronation Meadows (Wildflower Press, ISBN 978-1527249592) to celebrate the Coronation Meadows which had been created to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Coronation of Elizabeth II.

## Charity work

Rittson-Thomas has supported The National Deaf Children's Society as Committee Chairman for a fundraiser, David Beckham - Interpretations in Art & Other Matters, that celebrated the charity's Diamond Jubilee Year. The event raised £150,000 for the charity. Other charities supported include Nineteen Raptures and RAPt.
# Royds (surname)

Royds is a surname, and may refer to:
* Charles Royds (1876–1931), Royal Navy officer and Assistant Commissioner "A" of the London Metropolitan Police
* Charles Royds (politician) (1827–1898), pastoralist and politician in Queensland
* Edmund Royds (1860–1946), English solicitor and Conservative Party politician
* Edmund Royds (Queensland politician) (1830–1918), politician in Queensland, Australia
* Mabel Allington Royds (1874–1941), English artist known for woodcuts
* Pam Royds (1924–2016), British publisher and children's book editor
* Percy Royds (1874–1955), British admiral and politician
* Thomas Royds (1884–1955), solar physicist
# Samuel Scott

Samuel Scott may refer to:
* Samuel Scott (painter) (1702–1772), British painter known for his seascapes
* Samuel Scott, 2nd Baronet of Lytchet Minster (1772–1849) Member of Parliament for Malmesbury 1802–1806, and Camelford 1812–1818, and Whitchurch 1818–1832
* Samuel Gilbert Scott (c. 1813–1841), American daredevil
* Samuel J. Scott (1938–2021), American engineer
* Samuel Parsons Scott (1846–1929), attorney, banker, and scholar
* Sir Samuel Scott, 6th Baronet (1873–1943), British Conservative Party politician, Member of Parliament 1898–1922
* Sir Samuel Haslam Scott (1875–1960), businessman, author and philanthropist
* Samuel Fischer Scott (1907–1988), university director
* Samuel Flynn Scott (born 1978), musician
* Samuel Scott (footballer) (1873–1938), Scottish footballer
* Sam Scott (born 1990), British rugby league player
* S. H. Scott, a lawyer and state legislator in Arkansas
# Polonium tetrachloride

Polonium tetrachloride (also known as polonium(IV) chloride) is a chemical compound with the formula PoCl$_4$. The salt is a hygroscopic bright yellow crystalline solid at room temperature. Above 200 °C, it tends to decompose into polonium dichloride and excess chlorine, similar to selenium tetrachloride and tellurium tetrachloride.

## Structure

Polonium tetrachloride is either monoclinic or triclinic.

## Appearance

Polonium tetrachloride is bright yellow at room temperature. At its melting point (300 °C), it becomes straw yellow, and at its boiling point (390 °C), it becomes scarlet. Its vapours are purple-brown until 500 °C, when they turn blue-green.

## Preparation

Polonium tetrachloride may be prepared by:
* halogenation of polonium dioxide with dry hydrogen chloride, gaseous thionyl chloride, or phosphorus pentachloride;
* dissolving of polonium metal in hydrochloric acid;
* heating polonium dioxide to 200 °C in carbon tetrachloride vapour;
* reaction of polonium metal with dry chlorine gas in 200 °C.

## Chemistry

Polonium tetrachloride forms a complex with two moles of tributyl phosphate.
Like selenium tetrachloride and tellurium tetrachloride, polonium tetrachloride forms PoCl$^−$ $_5$ and PoCl$^{2−}$ $_6$ halogen complexes.
# KBYR

KBYR may refer to:
* KBYR (AM), a radio station (700 AM) licensed to Anchorage, Alaska, United States
* KBYR-FM, a radio station (91.5 FM) licensed to Rexburg, Idaho, United States
# Mosty, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Mosty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chęciny, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Chęciny and 19 km (12 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.
# Tyloderma circumcaribbeum

Tyloderma circumcaribbeum is a species of hidden snout weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Up from Where We've Come

Up from Where We've Come is a book by veteran musician Charles Wright who led the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band during the 1970s. It covers his early years, battling hardship and racism in America's South through to his future in music.

## Background

Told in Wright's own style, it tells of a young boy from a large family that worked on a cotton plantation that was owned by a cruel sharecropper. It covers his childhood years through to his finding fame as a musician.
It gives an intimate account of his family's life and their struggle and having to deal with issues such as racism. It tells what it was like for a black family in Clarksdale, Mississippi, who sharecroppers during the 1940s. It also follows his move to Los Angeles where he would have his musical future.
It was edited by Scott Galloway and published in 2016 by A Million $ Worth of Memories Records.

## Appearances and reviews

On February 24, 2016, Wright appeared at LA's Southwest College Black History Month to talk about his book. He was interviewed by Aaron Robinson for Consciousness Magazine where Robinson asked him about the book and he said he was filling link between slavery and sharecropping.
On August 20 that year, he appeared at the Leimert Park Book Fair for its tenth anniversary. Alongside Matty Rich, Wight talked about his book. On May 19, 2018, he was at the William Grant Still Arts Center to sign copies of the book.
The book has had positive ratings at Goodreads.
# Max Rüegg (ice hockey)

Max Rüegg (born March 12, 1942) is a retired Swiss professional ice hockey player who represented the Swiss national team at the 1964 Winter Olympics.
# Micaiah (disambiguation)

Micaiah may refer to any of these:

## People

* Micaiah, the son of Imlah
* Micaiah Towgood, an author
* Micaiah Diondae "Dion" Glover, an American professional basketball player
* Michaiah Shobek (born James Michael Shoffner), American serial killer

## Fictional characters

* Micaiah (Fire Emblem), one of the main characters in Fire Emblem: Radiant Dawn
# Sutherland Grange

Sutherland Grange is a 3.2-hectare (7.9-acre) Local Nature Reserve on the northern outskirts of Dedworth, a suburb of Windsor in Berkshire. It is owned and managed by the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead.

## Geography and site

The nature reserve is Meadow land.

## History

There is a large late Victorian house on the site, called 'Sutherland Grange' with the original name retained.
In 1999 the site was declared as a local nature reserve by the Royal Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead.
# Royal Flying Corps Canada

The Royal Flying Corps Canada (RFC Canada) was a training organization of the British Royal Flying Corps located in Canada during the First World War. It began operating in 1917.

## Background

As the war progressed, Great Britain found that it needed more trained aircrew and more training facilities. Training was provided both by the Curtiss Aviation School at Long Branch near Toronto (land plane training) and Hanlan's Point on Toronto Island (for flying boat training), and in the United States.
The British realized that thousands of Canadians and Americans had joined British flying operations and more wanted to join, so it made sense to open British air training stations in Canada. Canada also had space for such facilities. After much negotiation with the Canadian government, the RFC, commanded in Canada by Lieutenant-Colonel (later Brigadier-General) Cuthbert Hoare, began operating several training stations in southern Ontario.

## Training

Stations were opened at Camp Borden (main training site), Beamsville, Hamilton (armament school), North Toronto (Armour Heights (School of Special Flying), Leaside and Long Branch), and Deseronto (Mohawk and Rathburn). Cadet Officer courses were run at the University of Toronto.
The JN-4 (Canadian) (Canuck) was used for training; 500 Avro 504Ks had been ordered but only one had been completed in Canada before the war ended in November 1918 and it was not used.

## Canadian-American Training

General Hoare made several agreements with U.S. Brigadier-General George O. Squier (US Army Signal Corps) and the US Aircraft Production Board. Squier had overall responsibility for the US Army’s air service, which was short of flight instructors. The RFC released five experienced American pilots to the US Army, where they became squadron commanders. The US Air Board acquiesced in the British opening a recruiting office in New York City, ostensibly to recruit British citizens, but it also solicited US citizens, of whom about 300 were successfully signed up.
The RFCC would also train many US Army flight personnel: 400 pilots; 2,000 ground-crew members; and 20 equipment officers. These Americans would then collect aircraft and equipment from the UK, before coming under RFC control in France. Ten American squadrons would train in Canada during the summer of 1917, while RFCC squadrons were allowed to train during the winter in Fort Worth, Texas, providing training not only for the Canadians but also for the relatively inexperienced American pilots.

## End of the war

When the Royal Flying Corps became the Royal Air Force in April 1918, the unit became known as Royal Air Force Canada (RAF(C)).
During the last two years of the war 3,135 pilots and 137 observers trained in Canada and Texas for both the RFC and the new Royal Air Force (RAF). Of these trainees, 2,624 went to Europe for operational duty.
The RAF(C) was succeeded by the establishment of the Canadian Air Force in 1920 which became the Royal Canadian Air Force on April 1, 1924.
# Huilong, Shaoguan

Huilong (simplified Chinese: 回龙; traditional Chinese: 回龍; pinyin: Huílóng) is a town of Xinfeng County in northern Guangdong province, China, situated 31 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of the county seat. As of 2011, it has one residential community (社区) and 17 villages under its administration.
# Poligon Creative Centre

Poligon Creative Centre (Slovene: Poligon kreativni center, commonly known as Poligon) was a creative centre in Slovenia and the first and largest coworking space in Slovenia. It was a training ground for creative communities and self-employed operating in the field of creative economies, social entrepreneurship and culture in Ljubljana, Slovenia, and it was placed inside the former tobacco factory, Tobačna Ljubljana. The Slovenia Crowdfunding Initiative was based out of the center.

## History

Poligon was established in February 2014 by Slovenia Coworking (Luka Piškorič, Eva Perčič, Marko Orel) - national initiative for popularization of coworking in Slovenia with the help of supporting communities: Slovenia Crowdfunding, Kreativna cona Šiška, and Ljudje.si.
Poligon was created with the goal of promoting opportunities for self-employment of creative professionals in Ljubljana. Poligon offered a coworking space for its community, makerspace, a crowdfunding lab, a classroom, a bar, a library, a gallery space, and organised many social and cultural events. It was part of the international coworking exchange program in cooperation with coworking spaces across Europe.
Poligon was run by their three co-founders Piškorič, Orel, and Perčič (Matjaž).
Poligon ceased all of its operations 2019.

## Facilities

Poligon's space is 1200m$^2$. Besides offering a workspace, Poligon also holds workshops for self-employed entrepreneurs and makers, exhibitions as well as social events.

## Notable events

Since its founding, Poligon has had a positive impact on the creative sector in Slovenia.
In 2015, Poligon was featured as part of the Remote Year program.
# Social Endeavor for Health and Telemedicine

Social Endeavor for Health and Telemedicine (SEHAT) is a telemedicine health initiative in India launched on 25 August 2015 by Ravi Shankar Prasad, Minister of Communications and Information Technology and Minister of Law and Justice, Govt. of India in the collaboration with Apollo Hospitals. In India the first telemedicine center was launched in the year 2000 and was inaugurated by the President of the United States, Bill Clinton.

## Overview

SEHAT initiative was launched with the motive to offer telemedicine center in rural areas of India where the people in rural areas can consult doctors online and also order generic drugs. Under the scheme Common Service Centers (CSC) with the support of Apollo and Medanta Hospital telemedicine services was already being offered in many areas. Now with the launch of SEHAT health initiative Common Service Centers (CSC) will be extended to 60,000 centers in different cities of India.
# Motumarri–Vishnupuram section

The Motumarri–Vishnupuram section is a railway section of the Indian Railways. The section falls under the administered of both Guntur and Secunderabad railway divisions of South Central Railway zone.

## History

The project connects Delhi–Chennai main line at Motumarri railway station of Khammam district and Nallapadu-Pagidipalli section at Vishnupuram railway station of Nalgonda district in the Indian state of Telangana. The section passes through the stations of Jaggayyapet, Mellacheruvu and Janpahad. The route has been opened for goods traffic at present.
Further, the route can be used as a loop line in case of emergency and any problem that arises between Khammam and Secunderabad line.
Another key factor of the Motamarri–Vishnupuram line is the distance between Vijayawada to Secunderabad will be reduced by 60 km if some passenger trains ply this route.
The journey duration between the two cities will be reduced to one-and-a-half hours. Some passenger trains running from Kolkata and Visakhapatnam can be diverted to this route.
The section was completed in the year 2019.

## Stations

* Motumarri (MTMI)
* Makkapeta (MAPA)
* Jaggyyapetta Town (JPTN)
* Revoor Ramapuram (RRPM)
* Mellacheruvu(MACU)
* Mattampalle (MTMP)
* Janpahad (JNPD)
* Vishnupuram (VNUP)
# Tyloderma contusum

Tyloderma contusum is a species of hidden snout weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in the United States.
# Uttamabhadras

The Uttamabhadras are an ancient Indian tribe described in the Mahabharata and later inscriptions.
The Uttamabhadras lived in the Punjab. Uttamabhadras originally were people of Balkh who had entered India in Vedic times. In Vedic times, they were closely related to Kurus and the Purus. In Kurukshetra war, we also find Madras associated with the Kurus. King Shalya had taken part in the Mahabharata war, on behalf of the Kauravas. Madri, the mother of Pandava-putras Nakula and Sahadeva, was a Madra princess. Madri has also been referred to as Bahliki i.e. princess of Bahlika janapada/tribe and king Salya has been referred to as Bahlika-pungava i.e. foremost among the Bahlikas. Epic also refers to king Ashvapati of Madra, the beloved of the Paura Janapadas, who was father of Savitri. King Vyusitashva was a descendant of Puru, a famous king of Rigvedic times.
Circa 120 CE, the Uttamabhadras are mentioned as allies of the Western Satraps in repulsing an attack by the Malavas, whom they crushed. The claim appears in an inscription at the Nashik Caves, made by the Nahapana's viceroy Ushavadata:
   ...And by order of the lord I went to release the chief of the Uttamabhadras, who had been besieged for the rainy season by the Malayas, and those Malayas fled at the mere roar (of my approaching) as it were, and were all made prisoners of the Uttamabhadra warriors.
# Mayanja

Mayanja is a Ugandan name and may refer to:
* Mayanja River, a river of Uganda
* Brian Mayanja (born 1983), Ugandan boxer
* Kibirige Mayanja, Ugandan politician, founder and first president of the Justice Forum party in Uganda; his first attempt at politics was in 1994
# Michael Hess

Michael Hess may refer to:
* Michael A. Hess (1952–1995), lawyer and chief legal counsel to the Republican National Committee
* Michael L. Hess, professor of medicine
* Michael Hess (rower) (born 1955), American Olympic rower
# Susanne Groom

Susanne Jean Groom (13 October 1945 – 13 July 2023) was a British historian, an author and a former curator at Historic Royal Palaces. She lived in Kew in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.

## Publications

* The Story of the Gardens at Hampton Court Palace, Historic Royal Palaces, 2016 ISBN 9781873993378
* At the King's Table: Royal Dining Through the Ages (with a foreword by Heston Blumenthal), Merrell Publishers Ltd in association with Historic Royal Palaces, 2013 ISBN 9781858946139
* (with David Souden, Jane Spooner and Sally Dixon-Smith) Discover the Banqueting House, Historic Royal Palaces, 2011 ISBN 978-1873993187
* Discover the Gardens: Official Guidebook (Hampton Court Palace), Historic Royal Palaces, 2008 ISBN 9781873993088
* (with Brett Dolman, Richard Fitch and Mard Meltonville) The Taste of the Fire: The Story of the Tudor Kitchens at Hampton Court Palace, Historic Royal Palaces, 2007 ISBN 978-1873993033
* (with Lee Prosser) Kew Palace: The Official Illustrated History, Merrell Publishers Ltd, 2006 ISBN 9781858943237
* (with Simon Thurley and Susan Jenkins) The Banqueting House, Historic Royal Palaces, 1997 ISBN 978-6000364236
* (with Simon Thurley) Kew Palace, Official Guidebook, Historic Royal Palaces, 1995.
# Huilong, Heyuan

Huilong (simplified Chinese: 回龙; traditional Chinese: 回龍; pinyin: Huílóng) is a town of central Longchuan County in northeastern Guangdong province, China, situated 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of the county seat. As of 2011, it has one residential community (社区) and 14 villages under its administration.
# Police (Detention and Bail) Act 2011

The Police (Detention and Bail) Act 2011 (c. 9) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that amends those sections of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 relating to the detention of criminal suspects by police forces in England and Wales.
The emergency nature of the Act meant it completed its parliamentary passage at a significantly expedited speed, being introduced to the House of Commons on 5 July and completing its stages just two days later, before being passed by the House of Lords and receiving Royal Assent on 12 July.
The legislation was in response to the decision of McCombe J in R (on the application of the Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police) v Salford Magistrates' Court and Paul Hookway. Home Secretary Theresa May called the ruling one of "great concern".
The Act had retrospective effect, a decision supported by Liberty. In debate in the House of Commons, this was supported by all sides, on the grounds that the mistaken interpretation was the one intended by Parliament and relied on by police for the last 25 years; allowing the correct interpretation to stand would jeopardize tens of thousands of ongoing investigations and a vast number of historic convictions.
# Motunau Island

Motunau Island is a small, 3 ha (7.4 acres), island nature reserve lying 1.2 km (0.75 mi) off the coast of New Zealand's South Island, at the northern end of Pegasus Bay, south of the mouth of the Motunau River. The reserve is managed by the Department of Conservation and access is by permit only.

## Description

About 300 m (980 ft) long by 100 m (330 ft) wide, the island has steep sides rising to a distinctive flat top some 25 m (82 ft) above sea level. Geologically, it consists of Tertiary rocks, capped with loess and gravels, and surrounded by eroding cliffs and wave-cut reefs. The soils are extensively burrowed by nesting seabirds.

## Flora and fauna

The island is an important site for seabirds. In 1967, it was the breeding site of an estimated 23,000 individual birds. It is home to a colony of 5,000 white-flippered penguins. Other birds recorded as breeding there include white-faced storm petrels, sooty shearwaters, fairy prions, variable oystercatchers and white-fronted terns. The island has the only colony of white-faced storm petrels found along the coast between Cook Strait and the Otago Peninsula.
Three species of lizard inhabit the island, including the species Leiolopsima lineocellatum, which is considered regionally uncommon.
Fur seals use rock platforms around the island as haul-out sites. An elephant seal and a Hooker's sealion have also been reported on the island.
The main vegetation type on the island plateau is introduced grassland. Cliffs and scarps support grassland and herbfield. There are patches of mixed shrubland, including many introduced species.

## Conservation status

The island has had protected status since 1935, when it became a wildlife refuge. In 1958 it was also designated a Reserve for the Preservation of Flora and Fauna. It is free of mammalian predators; rabbits were eradicated between 1958 and 1962. Threats come from introduced boxthorn plants, which impale birds and block access to burrows, as well as from human disturbance resulting from unauthorised access.