OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hakki Akdeniz

Hakki Akdeniz (born February 1, 1984) is an American restaurateur. He is owner and founder of the Champion Pizza pizzeria chain in New York City.

## Biography

Akdeniz was born in 1984 in Turkey to a large Kurdish family with sixteen other children. He worked in restaurants, learning to make lahmajoun flatbreads, before moving to Montreal, Canada in 1997 and working at his brother's pizzeria. In 2001, when his tourist visa expired and he was threatened with deportation, he moved to New York as an asylum-seeker. He planned to live with a friend, but became homeless when that arrangement fell through. He slept in a cheap hotel, in Grand Central Station, and in the Bowery Mission shelter for three months. He continued working in restaurants, washing dishes and then making pizzas, saving money to open his own restaurant. In 2009 he started his first pizza shop in lower Manhattan.
For years, Akdeniz entered pizza-making competitions, and in late 2010 he won the New York Pizza Showcase, performing tricks like spinning dough while it was on fire. He became the cover story of an issue of PMQ, a pizza magazine, which he distributed locally to promote his shop. Winning helped him to get an EB-1 green card and according to The New York Times, "he became something of a pizza celebrity, known for his flashy acrobatics in tossing and twirling dough, flaming or otherwise, and for building giant pizzas." He remained involved with homeless charities and activities, donating pizza and other services to shelters and other groups. In 2019, he received a Beacon Award from the Ellis Island Honors Society and American Immigrant Society, and in 2022 a Carnegie Corporation of New York Great Immigrant Award.

## Champion Pizza

Akdeniz opened his first pizzeria on Essex Street in Lower Manhattan at the end of 2009. The business struggled until he won the 2010 New York Pizza Showcase, receiving press attention. The nickname he received became the name of the pizzeria, Champion Pizza, and he made his story a prominent part of the business's identity. By 2024, there were 15 locations. As of 2024, locations are concentrated in New York City but include stores in Texas and Florida.
The pizza uses a thin crust and a variety of toppings, and is sold both through the pizzerias and frozen at retailers.
# Self-linking number

In knot theory, the self-linking number is an invariant of framed knots. It is related to the linking number of curves.
A framing of a knot is a choice of a non-zero non-tangent vector at each point of the knot. More precisely, a framing is a choice of a non-zero section in the normal bundle of the knot, i.e. a (non-zero) normal vector field. Given a framed knot C, the self-linking number is defined to be the linking number of C with a new curve obtained by pushing points of C along the framing vectors.
Given a Seifert surface for a knot, the associated Seifert framing is obtained by taking a tangent vector to the surface pointing inwards and perpendicular to the knot. The self-linking number obtained from a Seifert framing is always zero.
The blackboard framing of a knot is the framing where each of the vectors points in the vertical (z) direction. The self-linking number obtained from the blackboard framing is called the Kauffman self-linking number of the knot. This is not a knot invariant because it is only well-defined up to regular isotopy.
# Misato, Gunma

Misato (箕郷町, Misato-machi) was a town located in Gunma District, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 19,203 and a density of 438.83 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 43.76 km$^2$.
On January 23, 2006, Misato, along with the towns of Gunma and Kurabuchi (all from Gunma District), and the town of Shinmachi (from Tano District), was merged into the expanded city of Takasaki.
# Transepithelial potential difference

Transepithelial potential difference (TEPD) is the voltage across an epithelium, and is the sum of the membrane potentials for the outer and inner cell membranes.

## TEPD in the nose

The diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) is usually based on high chloride concentrations in sweat, characteristic clinical findings (including sinopulmonary infections), and/or family history. However, a small portion of patients with cystic fibrosis, especially those with "mild" mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) ion channel, have near-normal sweat tests.
In these cases, a useful diagnostic adjunct involves measuring the nasal transepithelial potential difference (i.e. the charge on the respiratory epithelial surface as compared to interstitial fluid). Individuals with cystic fibrosis have a significantly more negative nasoepithelial surface than normal, due to increased luminal sodium absorption.
In most exocrine glands, the CFTR protein normally secretes chloride ions into the lumen, and also has a tonic inhibitory effect on the opening of the apical sodium channel (which absorbs sodium into the cell). Impaired CFTR functioning directly reduces ductal epithelial chloride secretion and indirectly increases sodium absorption through lack of CFTR's inhibitory effect on the apical sodium channel. The result is dehydrated mucus and a widened, negative transepithelial potential difference.
The nasal TEPD is increased in cystic fibrosis, making it a potential diagnostic tool for this disorder.

## TEPD in the kidney

In the kidney, TEPD contributes to tubular reabsorption.

## TEER measurement

Transepithelial / transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is an electrophysiological technique widely adopted for use in organ-on-a-chip systems. It uses ohmic contact resistance to serve as a proxy for the permeability of a cellular monolayer. TEER therefore enables researchers to miniaturize assays such as Caco-2 permeability, Blood–brain barrier transfer, or membrane integrity assays in microfluidic systems. TEER has proven to be a highly sensitive and reliable method to confirm the integrity and permeability of in vitro barrier models. Because it is non-invasive and offers the advantage of continuously monitoring living cells throughout their various stages of growth and differentiation, it is widely accepted as a standard validation tool.
# Ninne Pelladata

Ninne Pelladata (lit. 'Marry you' in Telugu) may refer to:
* Ninne Pelladata (1968 film), 1968 Indian comedy drama film
* Ninne Pelladata (1996 film), 1996 Indian drama film
* Ninne Pelladatha, 2022 Indian film
# Neelan

Neelan is a name.

## People with it as a given name

* Neelan Tiruchelvam (1944–1999), Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer, academic, politician

## People with it as a surname
### Fictional characters

From the British soap-opera Coronation Street
* Kelly Neelan
* Laura Neelan
* Rick Neelan
# Robert Witchitz

Robert Witchitz (5 August 1924, in Abscon – 21 February 1944, in Mont Valérien) was a volunteer soldier in the French liberation force FTP-MOI in the group of Missak Manouchian.

## Biography
### Youth

Witchitz was born on 5 August in Abscon, in the Nord department, to a miner of Polish origin and a French woman. He was brought up by his grandparents, staying in his village of birth until the age of five, then moving to the Paris region where he attended a secular school.

### Second World War

At the beginning of the war, Witchitz' father was mobilised, and Witchitz became a telegrapher. Witchitz' father was taken prisoner but released on grounds of his service in the first world war. Robert was dismissed, and had to make runs by bicycle for a distillery, all while fighting for the Jeunesse communiste (communist youth), in Ivry-sur-Seine. Witchitz was assigned to the management of the Service du travail obligatoire to work in Germany.
Unbeknownst to his parents, he joined the FTP-MOI in February 1943. Each time he heard from the press or elsewhere of the death of a German or a collaborator, he rejoiced and remarked to his father that there were still men, and good Frenchmen. One morning at about 5am while Witchitz was at home, the police announced themselves outside. His parents recalled with anguish how he tried in vain to escape through the window. He asked his parents to let the officers in. When they saw him, they said "Is it you, Robert? You have two or three hours to get lost!". From then on, Witchitz' parents understood the kind of activity that their son was involved in.
On 12 October 1943, Witchitz was arrested after an operation against a German money transport. He forewarned his parents in a letter where he accused himself of having done something crazy, in order not to incriminate his fellows. He stayed in prison for exactly 100 days; his parents, though making frequent requests, were not authorised to visit him. Witchitz was handed over with his comrades to the tribunal (the procès des 23), and sentenced to death.
Witchitz' parents eventually did not receive authorization to visit him until the day after he had been shot at Mont Valérien on 21 February 1944 with 23 members of the Affiche Rouge. His body was laid in the square of the fallen in the Ivry-sur-Seine cemetery. Later, in accordance with his mother's wishes, it was moved to the family tomb.
In the short period of time during which he was active in the resistance, Robert took part in 13 operations.
Witchitz' name appeared on the German Affiche Rouge propaganda poster, with the caption: "Witchitz, Juif polonais, 15 attentats".
Nonetheless, it is unclear whether Witchitz was either Jewish or Polish.
# Pouzy-Mésangy

Pouzy-Mésangy (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France.
# Hakkhan

Hakkhan is a village in Bhamo Township in Bhamo District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
# Misato, Mie

Misato (美里村, Misato-mura) was a village located in Age District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 4,164 and a density of 82.77 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 50.31 km$^2$.
On January 1, 2006, Misato, along with the city of Hisai, the towns of Anō, Geinō and Kawage (all from Age District), the towns of Hakusan, Ichishi and Karasu, and the village of Misugi (all from Ichishi District), was merged into the expanded city of Tsu and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.
# United States Army Air Forces in the South West Pacific Theatre

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces engaged in combat against the air, ground and naval forces of the Empire of Japan in the South West Pacific Theatre.
As defined by the United States Department of War, the South West Pacific theatre included the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies (excluding Sumatra), Borneo, Australia, the Australian Territory of New Guinea (including the Bismarck Archipelago), the western part of the Solomon Islands and some neighbouring territories. The theatre took its name from the major Allied command, which was known simply as the "South West Pacific Area".
The major USAAF combat organizations in the region was Fifth Air Force, based in Australia after the Battle of the Philippines (1941–42). From Australia, the Allied forces, led by General Douglas MacArthur, first moved north into New Guinea in 1942, then into the Netherlands East Indies in 1943, and returning to the Philippines in 1944 and 1945. Moving with the Allied ground forces, the USAAF Fifth Air Force established a series of airfields, some at existing facilities, but most were carved out of the jungle to provide tactical air support of the ground forces.
In addition to the Fifth Air Force units, elements of Seventh and Thirteenth Air Force advanced into the theatre as Japanese land and naval forces were driven out of the Central and South Pacific Areas.

## Airfields and major unit assignments

These airfields, and the headquarters of major units assigned (less Australia) were:
* New Guinea
* Netherlands East Indies
* Philippine Islands (1944–1945 Campaign)
# No Manches Frida

No Manches Frida (also known as El profesor sustituto) is a 2016 comedy film, a remake of the film Fack ju Göhte. The film stars Omar Chaparro and Martha Higareda in the lead roles. It was produced by Lionsgate and released in the United States on 2 September 2016, by Pantelion Films. The cinema chain AMC Theatres put the film into general distribution in the United States and Mexico in September 2016. A sequel, No Manches Frida 2, was released in March 2019.

## Cast

* Omar Chaparro as Ezequiel "Zequi" Alcántara
* Martha Higareda as Miss Lucy
* Mónica Dionne as Miss Gaby
* Rocio Garcia as Jenny
* Fernanda Castillo as Miss Carolina
* Regina Pavón as Mónica
* Carla Adell as Laura
* Mario Morán as Cristobal
* Karen Furlong as Nayeli
* Memo Dorantes as Romo
* Raquel Garza as Miss Ingrid
* Adal Ramones as Mr. Valdez
* Norma Angelica as Lic. Lopez
* Susana Ayala as Lucha
* Pamela Moreno as Cuquis
* Brigitte Bozzo as Marifer
* Miriam Calderon as Miss Gimena

## Box office

No Manches Frida grossed $11.5 million in the US and Canada, and $12 million in other territories (including $3.2 million in Mexico), for a worldwide total of $23.5 million.
It made $3.7 million on its opening weekend in the United States (and $4.8 million over the four-day Labour Day Weekend).

## Sequel

A sequel was announced by Pantelion Films in October 2016. The full title was revealed as No Manches Frida 2 and was given a 15 March 2019 release.
# Tucson Cutoff

The Tucson Cutoff was a significant change in the route of the Southern Emigrant Trail. It became generally known after a party of Forty-Niners led by Colonel John Coffee Hays followed a route suggested to him by a Mexican Army officer as a shorter route than Cooke's Wagon Road which passed farther south to cross the mountains to the San Pedro River at Guadalupe Pass.

## Route

The Tucson Cutoff ran from Ojo de Ynez on Cooke's Wagon Road on the southeast side of the Big Burro Mountains to the southwest to a spring and through a pass in the Pyramid Mountains south of today's Lordsburg. Descending to the southwest onto the playa in the north end of Animas Valley the cutoff route passed to the west through Stein's Pass, then southwest of its mouth to the Cienega of San Simon on the San Simon River. The cutoff then ran west through Puerto del Dado, from there it crossed the middle Sulphur Springs Valley and Willcox Playa to Croton Springs. From there it ran to Nugent’s Pass, down Tres Alamos Wash to the lower crossing of the San Pedro River near Tres Alamos. From Tres Alamos the route led southwest to a waterhole on Cooke's Wagon Road on Mescal Arroyo (just west of modern Mescal) where it linked up again with Cooke's route to Tucson.

## History

The Tucson Cutoff, also called variously "Puerto del Dado" Trail, Nugent's Wagon Road, later Apache Pass Trail, was long traveled by Spanish and Mexican soldiers and other travelers prior to 1830. It was first traveled by American fur trappers in the 1830s and was known but not used by Cooke for his wagon road. It became known to westward bound American travelers after it was first traveled by a party of 49ers led by John Coffee Hays in 1849. Notes about the Hays expedition aided the mapping of the route, lent to the commander of the Railroad Survey Expedition, by one of its members, John Nugent. In consequence the route was sometimes called Nugent's Wagon Road and also Nugent’s Pass and Nugent’s Springs on the route were given his name.
In the later 1850s the route of the stagecoach routes of the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line and Butterfield Overland Mail, diverted from the Tucson Cutoff route, to a shorter route, found by the Railroad Survey Expedition, across the Sulphur Spring Valley via Ewell Spring, south of Wilcox Playa, to Dragoon Springs, in Dragoon Pass. It then ran down Dragoon Wash to the San Pedro River, then down river to the middle crossing of the San Pedro River (below the rail and highway bridges of modern Benson and south of Pomerene). However the Tucson Cutoff, better watered, continued in use as a wagon route between the San Pedro River and the Sulphur Springs Valley for decades afterward.
# Neighbours at War

Neighbours at War (2005–2015) was a New Zealand reality series, screening on TV2. It visited New Zealand residents disgruntled with their neighbours and tried to help sort problems out. It gave an insight to everything from upset tenants to full-on neighbourhood feuds. In Australia it aired on the Nine Network, first screening on 29 May 2007.

## Broadcasting standards breach

According to a report on Stuff, an episode of the show was believed to have breached broadcasting standards.
# Theo Bell

Theopolis Bell Jr. (December 21, 1953 – June 21, 2006) was an American professional football wide receiver who played nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
Bell, who was born and raised in Bakersfield, California, played college football at the University of Arizona and was selected in the fourth round of the 1976 NFL draft by the Steelers. He was with the Steelers from 1976 to 1980, earning Super Bowl rings in 1979 and 1980. He missed the 1977 season because of an injury. He is the Steelers' second-leading career punt returner, behind Rod Woodson.
Bell spent his first three years as a reserve, rising to a starting role in 1980 due to injuries to both Lynn Swann and John Stallworth. His 25.8 yards-per-catch average led the AFC that year. He then held out of training camp the next year, hoping to get a salary increase based on his performance. He was instead waived, and was claimed by the Buccaneers, where he replaced Mike Shumann on the roster. He started 13 of 70 games he appeared in for the Bucs and had 95 catches for 1,470 yards and four touchdowns.
During Bell's second season with the Steelers, his first wife, Kathy, appeared on Card Sharks and won several games for a total of $23,000 in prize money.
He died in Tampa, Florida at age 52 after suffering from scleroderma and kidney disease. Scleroderma is a chronic disease that causes skin thickening and tightening and can cause damage to internal organs.
# Stilbosis symphracta

Stilbosis symphracta is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1917. It is found in Guyana.
# Polyhedrin

For the three dimensional shape, see Polyhedron
Polyhedrins are a type of viral protein that form occlusion bodies (also called polyhedra), large structures that protect the virus particles from the outside environment for extended periods until they are ingested by susceptible insects. They occur in various viruses including nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) and granuloviruses (GVs). GVs contain one virus particle per occlusion, whereas NPVs package about 5–15 viruses in each occlusion.
# Hakob Ter-Petrosyan

Hakob Ter-Petrosyan (born 31 August 1971) is a retired Armenian football midfielder.
# Mirosław Dzielski

Mirosław Dzielski (1941–1989) was a Polish philosopher, writer and politician, founder of the Kraków Industrial Society (Krakowskie Towarzystwo Przemysłowe) in 1985. Dzielski was one of the leaders of the democratic anti-communist opposition in the 1980s in Poland. He was married to classics scholar Maria Dzielska. Father to Witold Dzielski.

## Publications

* Mirosław Dzielski, Odrodzenie ducha - budowa wolności. Pisma zebrane, KTP, Kraków 1995 (Revival of spirit - formation of freedom. The Collected works - this volume contains almost all of his books, articles, reviews, letters and poems)
* This article about a Polish writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# United Movement for Democratic Change

United Movement for Democratic Change is a Zimbabwean political party founded in November 2014 as a merger of two parties descended from the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC): the Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube (MDC-N) headed by Welshman Ncube, which broke away from MDC in 2005, and the MDC Renewal Team led by Tendai Biti, which broke away from Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai in 2014 in protest against what they saw as the ineffectual leadership and increasingly authoritarian tendencies of party chairman Morgan Tsvangirai. The party is intended as the core of a united opposition movement in Zimbabwe and is jointly led by Ncube and Sekai Holland. It aimed to hold a formative party congress in August 2015 to agree on a manifesto. The party has 17 MPs (15 from MDC Renewal Team and 2 from MDC-N) and 2 Senators (both former Renewal Team members) making it the third strongest parliamentary party in Zimbabwe.
# Transalpine Pipeline

The Transalpine Pipeline (TAL) is a crude oil pipeline, which connects Italy, Austria and Germany.

## History

The feasibility study of the pipeline was carried out by Bechtel in 1963. The pipeline was commissioned in 1967. This time, the construction cost around US$192 million.
In 1972, the pipeline was the target of a Palestine terrorist attack.
In May 2023 the Czech company MERO ČR announced a $73 million expansion to the Transalpine Pipeline that would double capacity to 8 million tons of oil to the Czech Republic, requiring 20 additional pumps and the upgrade of other equipment to pump the oil to 1,500m above sea level, over the alps, with completion scheduled for the end of 2024. The object being to make Czechia independent of Russian oil.

## Route

The pipeline starts from the marine terminal in Trieste. From Trieste, the pipeline runs 465 kilometres (289 mi) through the Alps to Ingolstadt. From Ingolstadt one 21-kilometre-long (13 mi) pipeline runs to Neustadt an der Donau and another 266-kilometre-long (165 mi) pipeline runs to Karlsruhe. In Vohburg, the Transalpine Pipeline is connected with the Ingolstadt-Kralupy-Litvínov pipeline, which supplies oil refineries in the Czech Republic. It could be used to reverse the southern branch of the Druzhba pipeline to supply Slovakia.
In Würmlach, Austria, the Adria-Wien Pipeline (AWP) branches off from the Transalpine Pipeline. It supplies the OMV refinery in Schwechat. Through the proposed Bratislava - Schwechat Pipeline it may supply also Slovakia.
In addition to the sea transport, the Pan-European Pipeline, if constructed, will supply the Transalpine Pipeline.

## Technical features

The diameter of the trunkline between Trieste and Ingolstadt is 40 inches (1,020 mm). Both sections starting from Ingolstadt are with 26 inches (660 mm) in diameter. The pipeline has ten pumping stations. The pipeline system includes tank farms in Trieste and Lenting, Germany. The capacity of the pipeline is approximately 43 million tons of crude oil per year. In 2012 the throughput of the pipeline was 34.9 million tons of crude oil.

## Pipeline company

The pipeline is owned by the consortium of eight oil companies. The current shareholders are:
* OMV (25%)
* Shell Plc (24%)
* ExxonMobil (16%)
* Ruhr Oel (11%)
* Eni (10%)
* BP (9%)
* ConocoPhillips (3%)
* Total S.A. (2%)
The Czech unit of PKN Orlen, Unipetrol, is negotiating to buy an about 2% in the pipeline.
The shareholders of the Group include: OMV, Shell, Rosneft, ENI, C-BLUE B.V. (Gunvor), ExxonMobil, Mero, Phillips 66/Jet Tankstellen and Total.
# No Way to Treat a Lady

No Way to Treat a Lady can refer to:
* No Way to Treat a Lady (novel), a 1964 novel by William Goldman
** No Way to Treat a Lady (film), a 1968 film adaptation of the novel, starring Rod Steiger
* No Way to Treat a Lady (album), a 1975 album by Helen Reddy