OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Julia Kogan

Julia Kogan (born 1971) is a coloratura soprano.

## Early life

Kogan was born to a Soviet Jewish family in Kharkiv, Ukraine in 1971. During childhood, her family emigrated to the United States via the Vienna–Rome Pipeline. They ultimately settled in a suburb of Columbus, Ohio, where she was active in high school plays and musicals, including starring in the lead role of Annie. Afterwards, she completed a bachelor of music at the Ohio State University and a master's of music at Butler University in Indiana, before moving to the United Kingdom and France, where she launched her opera career.

## Career

Kogan's operatic roles have included Queen of the Night in Die Zauberflöte, Zerbinetta in Ariadne auf Naxos, Blonde in Die Entführung, Madame Herz in Der Schauspieldirektor, Greta Fiorentino in Street Scene, and Fiordiligi Cosi fan tutte at the opera houses of Avignon, Indianapolis, Limoges, Manitoba, Toulon, Toulouse and in Oxford. She has been described as "a lively actress" with "a warm voice, round, elegant and expressive phrasing, and a remarkable knack for coloratura passages", "up to the challenge of a stratospheric soprano line".
Kogan has concertized with repertoire ranging from Baroque to contemporary in Europe, North and South America, and Africa, including such venues as Carnegie Hall, Alice Tully Hall at the Lincoln Center, St. Petersburg's Glinka Hall, the Hôtel de Ville in Paris, the Alcazar Palace in Seville, the Library of Congress in Washington D.C., and collaborated with Chamber Orchestra Kremlin, Ensemble Calliopée, Figueiredo Consort, Junge Philharmonie Wien, Les Passions, The Little Orchestra Society, the Oxford Philharmonic, the Newcastle Baroque Orchestra, Saint Petersburg Chamber Philharmonic, Toulon Opera Orchestra, and Ukrainian National Symphony, among others.
Julia Kogan wrote and presented the BBC Radio 4 documentary "The Lost Songs of Hollywood", which aired on 12 November 2015. It was chosen "Pick of the Week" on BBC radio.
She is also credited with originating and co-screenwriting the 2016 film Florence Foster Jenkins starring Meryl Streep and Hugh Grant based on the true story of an early 20th century socialite and amateur soprano known for her poor singing ability.

## Releases

Kogan's first solo album, Vivaldi Fioritura (2010), was recorded with Chamber Orchestra Kremlin under Misha Rachlevsky. Her second solo album, Troika (2011), was recorded with the St. Petersburg Chamber Philharmonic under Jeffery Meyer. Both albums were released on Rideau Rouge Records with distribution by Harmonia Mundi.
# Çayırhan

Çayırhan is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nallıhan, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 8,156 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

## Geography

Çayırhan is situated to the north of Sarıyar Dam reservoir and on Turkish state highway D.140. The distance to Nallıhan is 35 kilometres (22 mi) and to Ankara is 126 kilometres (78 mi).

## History

The earliest document about the origin of the town is dated in early 1600s. While Nasuh Pasha (later grandvizier) of the Ottoman Empire was travelling from Aleppo (now in Syria) to Istanbul he commissioned three hans (inn, a type of caravanserai). The settlements around these hans were named after the hans; namely Nallıhan, Çayırhan and Uluhan. The town flourished after 1954, when lignite fields were found around the town. On the other hand, during the construction of Sarıyer Dam the settlement was moved 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to east. In 1976 it was declared a seat of township.

## Economy

Cattle production and agriculture were the traditional economic activities of the town. But nowadays lignite mining and the 620 MW Çayırhan power station are the main revenue sources.
# Rosine, Kentucky

Rosine (/roʊˈziːn/) is an unincorporated community in Ohio County, Kentucky, United States. Bill Monroe, The Father of Bluegrass, is buried in the Rosine Cemetery and memorialized with a bronze cast disk affixed to the barn where his music remains alive. The community was named for the pen name of Jennie Taylor McHenry, poet and wife of founder Henry D. McHenry. The ZIP Code is 42370 and the area code is 270. The nearest communities are Horse Branch, and Beaver Dam; and the nearest major cities are Owensboro and Bowling Green. The community sits at an elevation of 429 feet. At one time, Rosine was a thriving community with several stores, a school, a pickle factory, and a bat mill that milled bats for the Louisville Slugger bat factory.

## Schools

There are no schools in Rosine, so students from Rosine attend Horse Branch Elementary School, Ohio County Middle School, and Ohio County High School. Nearby private schools include Sugar Grove Christian Academy and Ohio County Christian Academy. The nearest colleges and universities are in Owensboro.

## Major roads

U.S. Route 62 passes through Rosine. The town is north of the Western Kentucky Parkway and east of Interstate 165. The Louisville and Paducah railroad runs through the town.

## Bluegrass music

Each Friday night April - mid-December, musicians converge on the town of Rosine to play Bluegrass music. The musicians play in the small general store, outside the store and in a weekly stage show in the barn next to the store. An annual Bluegrass Festival is held in the town and another annual festival is held on the nearby Jerusalem Ridge where Monroe was born. Bill's musician brothers Birch Monroe and Charlie Monroe were also from Rosine.
As of May 2017 ground was broken for the building of the Bill Monroe museum and it opened in 2018. There is also the Bluemoon store located on Hwy 62E in Rosine.

## Notable buildings

* Rosine General Store and Barn, registered historic place
* Bill Monroe Museum, about early bluegrass music
# Sydney, Florida

Sydney is an unincorporated community in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The community is located along a railroad 5.1 miles (8.2 km) east-northeast of Brandon. Sydney has a post office with ZIP code 33587.
# Şıh Küçükkaracaviran, Oğuzeli

Şıh Küçükkaracaviran is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Oğuzeli, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 89 (2022).
# Mycetia

Mycetia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It includes 54 species, ranging from the Indian subcontinent through Indochina, southern China, and Malesia to New Guinea.

## Species

54 species are accepted:
* Mycetia acuminata (Wight) Kuntze
* Mycetia angustifolia Ridl.
* Mycetia anlongensis H.S.Lo
* Mycetia balansae Drake
* Mycetia basiflora Puff
* Mycetia brachybotrys Merr.
* Mycetia bracteata Hutch.
* Mycetia brevipes F.C.How
* Mycetia brevisepala H.S.Lo
* Mycetia cauliflora Reinw.
* Mycetia chasalioides (Craib) Craib
* Mycetia clarkei (Hook.f.) Razafim. & B.Bremer
* Mycetia dagohoyana Dela Bajan, Tandang & Alejandro
* Mycetia effusa (Pit.) Razafim. & B.Bremer
* Mycetia faberi (Hemsl.) Razafim. & B.Bremer
* Mycetia fangii K.J.Yan & Z.Q.Song
* Mycetia fasciculata (Blume) Blume ex Korth.
* Mycetia flava (Ridl.) Ridl.
* Mycetia glandulosa Craib
* Mycetia gracilis Craib
* Mycetia griffithii Z.Q.Song & Razafim.
* Mycetia hainanensis H.S.Lo
* Mycetia hirsuta (Kurz) Razafim. & B.Bremer
* Mycetia hirta Hutch.
* Mycetia holotricha (Miq.) Kuntze
* Mycetia javanica (Blume) Reinw. ex Korth.
* Mycetia listeri Deb
* Mycetia longiflora F.C.How ex H.S.Lo
* Mycetia longifolia (Wall.) Kuntze
* Mycetia macrocarpa F.C.How ex ined.
* Mycetia malayana (G.Don) Craib
* Mycetia mindanaensis (Elmer) Govaerts
* Mycetia minor Ridl.
* Mycetia mukerjiana Deb & Ratna Dutta
* Mycetia myrioneura Merr.
* Mycetia nepalensis H.Hara
* Mycetia nutans (R.Br. ex Kurz) Razafim. & B.Bremer
* Mycetia obovata (Miq.) Kuntze
* Mycetia ovatistipulata Fukuoka
* Mycetia paniculiformis Fukuoka
* Mycetia parishii Craib
* Mycetia parviflora (Hook.f.) Razafim. & B.Bremer
* Mycetia pubifolia (Pit.) Razafim. & B.Bremer
* Mycetia radiciflora (C.B.Clarke) Airy Shaw
* Mycetia rivicola Craib
* Mycetia rodgeri Deb & Mondal
* Mycetia siamensis Fukuoka
* Mycetia sinensis (Hemsl.) Craib
* Mycetia squamulosopilosa Pit.
* Mycetia stipulata (Hook.f.) Kuntze
* Mycetia suedixieana Tandang & Ordas
* Mycetia sumatrana Merr.
* Mycetia tonkinensis (Pit.) Razafim. & B.Bremer
* Mycetia yunnanica H.S.Lo
# Hoge

Hoge may refer to:

## People
### Surname

* Dean Hoge (1937–2008), American sociologist
* Enos D. Hoge (1831-1916), American judge, lawyer, and territorial legislator
* James F. Hoge, Jr. (1935–2023), American foreign Policy expert
* Jane Currie Blaikie Hoge (1811–1890), American civil rights activist
* John Hoge, (1760–1824) American politician from Pennsylvania
* John B. Hoge (1825–1896), American politician from West Virginia
* Joseph P. Hoge (1810–1891), American politician
* Matthew Ryan Hoge (born 1974), American writer
* Merril Hoge (born 1965), American football player
* Sara Haines Smith Hoge (1864-1939), American temperance activist
* Solomon L. Hoge (1836–1909), American politician
* Tristen Hoge (born 1997), American football player
* Warren Hoge (1941–2023), American journalist
* Will Hoge (born 1972), American musician
* William Hoge (disambiguation)

### Nickname

* Hoge Workman (1899–1972), American baseball player

## Other uses

* Hoge, Kansas, United States
* Hoge Building, in Seattle Washington, United States
* Hover out of ground effect, ability for an aircraft to stand still in the air
* hoge, a metasyntactic variable (placeholder in computer science) commonly used in Japan (Japanese version of foo)
* Hoge Finance, a deflationary cryptocurrency launched in 2021.
# The Pause (story)

"The Pause" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. It was first published in August Derleth's 1954 anthology Time to Come and reprinted in the 1975 collection Buy Jupiter and Other Stories.

## Plot summary

Alexander Johannison, a nuclear physicist working at the United States Atomic Energy Commission, is mystified when his Geiger counter starts failing to detect radioactivity. Over a period of time, his colleagues also notice the same strange events, but when he finally reports them to his boss, no one will take him seriously, and he realises that he is the only one who is still aware of the existence of radioactivity.
Thinking that maybe an enemy has removed all knowledge of nuclear energy and nuclear weapons and is about to invade the United States, he goes home and finds a stranger there talking to his wife. The stranger, who looks like an impossibly perfect human, explains that he is an entity from 'outside the universe'. He has been assigned to perform an 'operation' on humanity to save them from a potential nuclear holocaust. As part of the operation, all knowledge of radioactivity has been removed from humanity for five years. Also, all radioactive elements no longer exist. After the pause, about one hundred people, including Johannison, will have the task of re-educating humanity in the peaceful use of nuclear power.
The story ends on a sinister note, as, in discussing the visit with his wife, Johannison points out that the visitor at one point referred to the Earth as "the yard", mistakenly using its own context in the reference rather than ours. Johannison concludes that it regards the Earth as a "barnyard" and humans as mere cattle who have to be controlled.
# Çayırhan power station

Çayırhan power station is a 620 MW operational coal fired power station in Turkey in Ankara Province. In 2019 land was expropriated for another lignite mine, to feed the a proposed extension, which was opposed as uneconomic and eventually had its licence revoked.

## History

In 2017 the government privatized the Çayırhan-B lignite coalfield on condition a coal-fired power plant is built, in the hope that it would be the first of a wave of similar deals for various lignite coalfields around the country.

## Ownership

The project was a joint venture between Kolin, Kalyon and Çelikler. But in 2020 the licence expired and as of 2024 it belongs to EÜAŞ with a different licence number.

## Finance

An extension was proposed at an estimated cost of $1.1-billion but was not done.

### Subsidies

The government is giving a 15-year purchase guarantee.

## Economics

The winning consortium bid $60.4 per megawatt, but according to opponents of the extension expanding Turkey's solar power would save taxpayers money in the long term.

## Employment

The company said it would employ 500 people in the plant and 1,500 for coal mining.

## Coal supply

As Turkish lignite is heavy compared to its energy content coal must be sourced locally. According to one source Çayırhan is a longwall mine (therefore underground), but Global Energy Monitor says it is opencast. Coalfields in Ankara province include Beypazarı-Çayırhan, Gölbaşı-Karagedik, Gölbaşı-Bahçeköy, Ayaş-Kayıbucak and Şereflikoçhisar.

## Environmental Impact

Despite the environmental impact assessment having been approved opponents of the extension claim the environment will be damaged.

### Dust

As of 2020 the plant is operating with inadequate dust filters and Turkey has no legal limit on ambient fine particules (PM2.5). Opponents claim that Nallıhan bird sanctuary, 6 km away, could be damaged.

### Sulfur Dioxide

As of 2020 the plant is operating with inadequate sulfur treatment, and the area is a sulfur dioxide air pollution hotspot

### Nitrogen oxides

As of 2020 the plant is operating without sufficient NOx filtering.

### Greenhouse gases

After extension the power station would contribute an estimated 4 megatonnes (Mt) a year to Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions. As Turkey has no carbon emission trading it would not be economically viable to capture and store the gas.

## Opposition

The Chamber of Mechanical Engineers has questioned why the existing plant was granted a 2020 operating license without meeting air pollution standards. Opponents include Ankara 350.org and singer Tarkan.
In 2022 the NGO Climate Change, Policy, and Research Association alleged that the power station did not comply with flue gas regulations, was burning coal from a mine which did not have a permit, and risked collapsing.$^{:30}$
# Hieroglyph (disambiguation)

A hieroglyph is a character of the ancient Egyptian writing system.
Hieroglyph or hieroglyphics may also refer to:

## Writing systems

* An informal term for pictograms, ideograms, logograms, or lexigrams
* Anatolian hieroglyphs
* Aztec script
* Chinese characters
* Cretan hieroglyphs
* Maya script
* Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphs
* Muisca hieroglyphs
* Ojibwe hieroglyphs
* Olmec hieroglyphs
* Rongorongo
* Sitelen Pona, also known as Toki Pona hieroglyphs
* One of two forms of the Meroitic script

## Media

* Hieroglyphics: The Writings of Ancient Egypt, a textbook
* Hieroglyph (TV series), a cancelled American action-adventure drama series to air on Fox
* Hieroglyphics (group), an American hip-hop collective
* "Hieroglyphics", a song by the Vels from Velocity
* Project Hieroglyph, a writing project founded by Neal Stephenson
** Hieroglyph: Stories and Visions for a Better Future, a 2014 science fiction anthology edited by Ed Finn and Kathryn Cramer, based on Project Hieroglyph
* Hieroglyphics Imperium Recordings, a hip-hop record label
# Satoshi Irifune

Satoshi Irifune (入船 敏, Irifune Satoshi, born 14 December 1975) is a Japanese long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon.
In the 10,000 metres he finished 20th at the 1999 World Championships. He finished eighteenth at the 2000 World Half Marathon Championships, and in the marathon he finished 20th at the 2005 World Championships, fourth at the 2006 Asian Games and 14th at the 2009 World Championships.
His personal best times are 7:56.80 minutes in the 3000 metres, achieved in June 2003 in Kushiro; 27:53.92 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in May 2001 in Palo Alto; 1:01:36 hours in the half marathon, achieved in April 2005 in Yamaguchi; and 2:09:23 hours in the marathon, achieved in December 2008 in the Fukuoka Marathon.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Japan ||||||
| 2000 | World Half Marathon Championships | Veracruz, Mexico | 18th | Half marathon | |
| 2000 | World Half Marathon Championships | Veracruz, Mexico | 4th | Team |
| 2005 | Beppu-Ōita Marathon | Beppu-Ōita, Japan | 1st | Marathon | 2:09:58 |
# İzollu, Besni

İzollu (formerly Güzelyurt) is a village in the Besni District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 667 in 2021.
# Mutator

Mutator may refer to:

## Science and technology

* Mutator method, an object method that changes the state of the object
* Mutator, the application program which mutates the object dependency graph in garbage collection
* Mutator genotype, a genotype that exhibits high rates of mutation
* Mutator, the central shaft in some scraped surface heat exchangers

## Other uses

* Mutator (comics), the nickname of a paranormal in Marvel Comics comic DP7, in the New Universe imprint
* Mutators, mods in the Unreal series
# Holomorphic separability

In mathematics in complex analysis, the concept of holomorphic separability is a measure of the richness of the set of holomorphic functions on a complex manifold or complex-analytic space.

## Formal definition

A complex manifold or complex space $X$ is said to be holomorphically separable, if whenever x ≠ y are two points in $X$, there exists a holomorphic function $f\in {\mathcal {O}}(X)$, such that f(x) ≠ f(y).
Often one says the holomorphic functions separate points.

## Usage and examples

* All complex manifolds that can be mapped injectively into some $\mathbb {C} ^{n}$ are holomorphically separable, in particular, all domains in $\mathbb {C} ^{n}$ and all Stein manifolds.
* A holomorphically separable complex manifold is not compact unless it is discrete and finite.
* The condition is part of the definition of a Stein manifold.
# The Pavilion, Hampton Court

The Pavilion is a house on Barge Walk in Hampton Court Park near Hampton Court Palace. It is Grade II* listed on the National Heritage List for England. It is the sole survivor of four pavilions for the Bowling Green at Hampton Court.
It was designed by William Talman under the direction of Christopher Wren as part of William III's improvements to the palace. The house is set in 2.3 acres of gardens that include a parterre and water features.
The remaining 143-year lease of the Pavilion from the Crown Estate was for sale for £6.5 million in 2007. The Pavilion was again for sale in 2012; priced at £10 million.
Ernest Law, the historian of Hampton Court Palace, lived at the Pavilion until his death.
The pavilion was occupied by Cecil Harmsworth King and his second wife Ruth Railton in the 1960s and 1970s.
In 2019 a replica was built next to the original by R W Armstrong & Sons Ltd.
# Trigonobalanus verticillata

Trigonobalanus verticillata is a species of plant in the family Fagaceae. It is a tree native to Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi, the Malay Peninsula, and Hainan.

## Description

Trigonobalanus verticillata is a tree which grows 10 to 20 meters tall. The trunk has a diameter of 30 to 70 cm at breast height. It fruits between October and March.

## Range and habitat

Trigonobalanus verticillata is native to the highlands of Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi, the Malay Peninsula, and Hainan.
It is found in tropical montane rain forest and evergreen broadleaf forest in Indonesia and Malaysia, and in tropical moist monsoon forest on Hainan, between 900 and 2,000 meters elevation.
On Hainan its often found with the trees Castanopsis tonkinensis, Lithocarpus fenzelianus, Liquidambar obovata, and Dacrydium pectinatum.

## Conservation

The species' conservation status is assessed as near threatened. It is threatened with habitat loss and fragmentation from deforestation, and its population is declining.
# Çayırköy, Sındırgı

Çayırköy (Turkish:) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sındırgı, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 57 (2022).
# Heuchera americana

Heuchera americana, or American alumroot (also called Coral bells or Rock geranium), is a small (under 2 ft. high and wide) evergreen perennial native to eastern and central North America while also ranging into Ontario, Canada. It is a part of the Saxifrage family.

## Characteristics

American alumroot has lobed semi-palmate green, purple, or brown leaves that may or may not be veined or marbled. Loose racemes of insignificant green to cream flowers up to 1 meter tall bloom June to August. It is a monecious plant with 5 stamen and can either have 5 petals and sepals or 5 tepals. The leaf arrangement is alternate. It is a ground cover plant. Found naturally in rock crevices and ledges of bluffs; it has a preference for acidic soil. It is susceptible to leaf scorch making it best grown in areas with at least some shade.
This species has become popular with horticulturists and home-gardeners. It is usually grown for its unique foliage. New varieties are introduced regularly.

## Historical usage

American alumroot has been used by many Indigenous tribes in the past. For example, The Lumbee have used the herb to treat things like gastroenteritis, sore throats, ulcers, and dysentery while the Cherokee used American Alumroot to treat hemorrhoids, mouth soreness, irregular menstruation, and gastrointestinal problems.

## Current usage

The American alumroot has a lot of tannin which makes it very astringent and good for fixing dyes.
The American Alumroot has been proposed to help with cancer and vaginal discharges, but this connection has not been thoroughly researched. Its side effects are reported to be irritation of the stomach, and kidney and liver failure

## Gallery

* Heuchera americana 'Garnet' leaf
* Heuchera americana 'Garnet' emerging flower stalk
# Stedman

Stedman may refer to:
* Stedman (name)
* Stedman, North Carolina
* Stedman's Medical Dictionary
* Stedman Machine Company
* Battle of Fort Stedman
* Stedman barb, a species of cyprinid fish native to India and Bangladesh
* Stedman v United Kingdom, 1997 UK labour law case
* Stedmans V&S, Canadian department store
* Stedman, a popular method in Change ringing
# İzmit Clock Tower

The İzmit Clock Tower (Turkish: İzmit Saat Kulesi) in İzmit, Turkey is one of many clock towers that were built throughout the Ottoman Empire as a result of the decree which was sent to the provincial governors to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Sultan Abdülhamid II's ascension to the Ottoman throne. It was designed by architect Vedat Tek upon the order of Musa Kazım Bey, the governor of İzmit, and built in 1902. Other sources name the architect of the tower as Mihran Azaryan who was an Armenian-Ottoman of Izmit origin.
The neoclassical clock tower, which stands just in front of the Hünkar Pavilion of Sultan Abdülaziz, has four floors with dimensions 3.65 m × 3.65 m (12.0 ft × 12.0 ft). The ground floor houses fountains, while the clock is on the top floor. All four facades of the middle floors are decorated with the seal of Sultan Abdülhamid II. The pointed cone on top is coated with lead.
The clock tower has been an inseparable part of the history of İzmit throughout the 20th century, and has become the symbol of the city.
In the former Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire, particularly in present-day Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin towns such as Belgrade, Prijepolje, Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Gradačac and Stara Varoš, similar Ottoman era clock towers are still named Sahat Kula (deriving from the Turkish words Saat Kulesi, meaning Clock Tower.)
It was restored in 2006.
# Myadora antipodum

Myadora antipodum is a marine bivalve mollusc of the family Myochamidae. It is endemic to New Zealand.

## Description

The shell measures about 9×13 mm (0.35×0.51 in) by length and width. One valve is moderately convex whereas the other valve is slightly concave.