OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Salt Springs, Missouri

Salt Springs is an unincorporated community in Saline County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Salt Springs was established in 1875, and remained in operation until 1907. The community was so named on account of brine springs near the original town site.
# Kulow

Kulow may refer to:
* Wittichenau, Saxony, Germany - Kulow in Sorbian
* Kulów, Lower Silesia, Poland
* Kulow Maalim Hassan, Kenyan politician
# Michael Appleby

Michael Appleby may refer to:
* Michael C. Appleby, animal welfare specialist
* Michael Appleby (politician), New Zealand politician
* Michael Appleby (rugby league), Australian rugby league player
# Michael Wolfe (filmmaker)

Michael Wolfe (born October 12, 1976) is an American actor, writer, producer and director, known for his work on the independent film Maybe Tomorrow.

## Early life

Michael Wolfe was born and raised in Patchogue, New York, and studied TV and film production at the Marist College. He worked for more than 10 years as a bartender in Rego Park before entering the film business.

## Career

For his portrayal of Russ Mahler in Maybe Tomorrow, Wolfe received the award for Best Actor in a Feature Film in the 2012 Golden Door Film Festival, and was nominated for Best Supporting Actor in the 2012 Hoboken International Film Festival. He was also nominated, along with his cast mates, for Best Ensemble Performance in the 2012 Orlando Film Festival.
Wolfe is a member of the Actors' Equity Association. His stage credits include the role of Mij in the dramatic play Banshee of Bainbridge that ran in the 2010 New York International Fringe Festival.
As a screenwriter, Wolfe is a member of the Writers Guild of America. He has written four pilots, 23 screenplays and two books.
For directing Maybe Tomorrow, Wolfe received the award for Best Director and shared the award for Best Film at the 2012 Golden Door International Film Festival, and was the runner-up for Best Feature in the 2012 Philadelphia Independent Film Festival. Maybe Tomorrow was showcased at the 2012 Hartford Flick Fest (Best Feature Flick). and the 2012 Bahamas International Film Festival, where it won the award for Best Feature in the New Divisions category.

### Blogging

Wolfe is a contributing blogger and editor at large at Veracity Stew, which covers politics and pop culture in general.
# Roy Piovesana

Roy Piovesana (born 1942 in Fort William (Thunder Bay), Ontario; died Jan. 20, 2020), was a Canadian teacher and historian. He is one of three children born to Enrico Piovesana (1900–1987) and Christina Brescia (1913–1990). His father emigrated from Pasiano Pordenone (near Udine) in 1924 and his mother was a second generation Italian Canadian born in Fort William.
Roy Piovesana grew up in Fort William's East End attending St. Peter's Roman Catholic School, an institution that was truly multicultural. He also attended Fort William Collegiate Institute graduating in 1961.
In 1965 Piovesana graduated from Lakehead University with an Honours Bachelor of Arts (History). Five years later he received his M.A. (History) from Lakehead University. In 1965 he began his teaching career at Westgate Collegiate Institute and then moved to Hammarskjold High School as a teacher and head of history in 1984. Piovesana was a Sessional Lecturer at the Faculty of Education, Lakehad University in 1992 and 1993. He retired from teaching in June 1998.
In 2000, he was appointed archivist/historian for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Thunder Bay by The Most Rev. Frederick J. Colli, Bishop of Thunder Bay.
He was a president of the Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society and the Thunder Bay Art Gallery and served as a trustee with the Canadian Museum of Nature from 1996 - 2007.
In addition, Piovesana has become a well-known historian with numerous publications to his credit including R. J. Manion: Member of Parliament for Fort William, 1917-1935 (1990), and Hope and Charity: An Illustrated History of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Thunder Bay (2002). He co-authored Paper and People: An Illustrated History of Great Lakes Paper and Its Successors, 1919-1999 with Beth Boegh, and St. Dominic Parish: A History, 1912-1987 with his wife Diane.
In 1999 he was awarded a Citizen of Exceptional Achievement Award (Culture) by the City of Thunder Bay, Ontario. In 2003 he was made an Honorary Life Member of The Thunder Bay Historical Society. That same year, he was a finalist for the prize for arts and heritage: Chronicle-Journal City of Thunder Bay.
# Randghar China

Randghar China is in Balochistan, Pakistan. It is near to the Gomal River. The Zhob-Wana road passes through it.
A predominantly Islamic region Randghar China is a spring(class H - Hydro graphic) in Baluchistan, Pakistan (Asia) with the region font code of Asia/Pacific. It is located at an elevation of 1,099 meters above sea level. Randghar Chīna is also known as Randghar China, Randghar Chīna, Randgnar China.
Its coordinates are 31°53'1" N and 69°26'56" E in DMS (Degrees Minutes Seconds) or 31.8836 and 69.4489 (in decimal degrees). Its UTM position is WA42 and its Joint Operation Graphics reference is NH42-03.
The local currency is Rupee (PKR). Brahui, English, Sindhi, Panjabi, Pushto and Urdu are most common languages. Neighboring countries are China, Afghanistan, Iran, India. The standard time zone for Randghar China is UTC/GMT+5
# Sustainability appraisal

In United Kingdom planning law, a sustainability appraisal is an appraisal of the economic, environmental, and social effects of a plan from the outset of the preparation process to allow decisions to be made that accord with sustainable development.
Since 2001, sustainability appraisals have had to be in conformity with the EU directive on strategic environmental assessment.
Dr. Nick Plant of the University of West England studied and wrote extensively about sustainability appraisals as a solution for information and communications technology challenges facing small non-profit organizations. He concluded that "Sustainability Appraisals promote inclusion and collaboration, and the facilitative approach can lead to empowerment and organizational learning."
The Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol is a sector specific sustainability appraisal method.
# Pas de la Dame Inconnue

The Pas de la Dame Inconnue ("pass of the unknown lady") was a pas d'armes planned for 1463, but which never took place.
An account of the planned pas is found in British Library manuscript Landsdowne 285. On 3 February 1463, "a gentleman claiming to be a foreigner" appeared at the court of Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy in Brussels bearing letters of credence from "an unknown lady" who claimed that her lands had been usurped by a more powerful neighbour. She asked that the duke supply three knights from his household to defend a pas against three knights from each kingdom in Christendom on 1 October 1463. The most valiant knight would then defend the lady's rights in closed lists on 1 April 1464. The three knights who volunteered to defend the pas were Anthony, bastard of Burgundy; Philippe de Crèvecœur; and Pedro Vázquez de Saavedra. They were at Saint Andrew's in Bruges in September 1463 awaiting the arrival of their opponents.
The heralds of Charles the Bold, Philip the Good's son and Anthony's half-brother, informed the courts of Europe of the unknown lady's appeal. By September, King Christian I sent a squire to the Burgundian court at Hesdin to inform them that he would be sending nine knights, three for each of his kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. He also asked to be informed "of the secret of this pas, of the nature and condition of the lady and of her quarrel." According to the chronicler Georges Chastellain, the man behind the pas was the bastard of Burgundy himself, who hoped to surpass Jacques de Lalaing as one of the most renowned knights in Europe.
Although some pas d'armes were elaborately staged, even theatrical, productions, there is no evidence that the Pas de la Dame Inconnue was intended to be other than an authentic physical competition between knights. It was, however, never held. According to a letter of challenge written by one of Anthony's squires in 1466, the pas had been proclaimed throughout Christendom in 1463 before being called off because of Pope Pius II's crusade. Duke Philip summoned all those who had taken vows to compete in the pas to Bruges on 15 December 1463, where he announced his intention to honour the unknown lady by joining the crusade. The knights vowed to accompany him. In the event, Philip did not go, but the bastard Anthony departed Sluis on 21 May 1464 to join the papal fleet in Ancona.
# Pascal Tosi

Pasquale Tosi SJ (27 April 1837 – 14 January 1898), known in English as Pascal Tosi, was an Italian Jesuit missionary and co-founder of the Alaskan mission.
He was one of the first two Jesuits missionaries (the other being Louis Robaut) to set foot in Alaska. As the first Superior of the Jesuits in Alaska (from 1886 to 1897) and first to have ecclesiastical jurisdiction in Alaska (Prefect Apostolic from 1894 to 1897), he is regarded as the founder and organizer of the Church in North-Alaska.

## Early life and Northwest mission

Tosi was born on 27 April 1837 in San Vito, a village near Santarcangelo di Romagna in northern Italy. He studied at the seminary in Bertinoro. Ordained a (diocesan) priest in 1861, Tosi entered the Society of Jesus in 1862.
In 1865, he arrived in the United States to serve on the Rocky Mountain Mission. Tosi spent almost twenty years serving the indigenous peoples of Colville and Cheney, in the state of Washington, and Coeur d'Alène, Idaho.

## Alaskan mission

In 1886, Tosi and a French Jesuit, Louis Robaut, were commissioned to accompany Charles John Seghers, Archbishop of Victoria, on the first missionary expedition to northern Alaska. The two Jesuits were supposed to stay with the archbishop only on a temporary basis: the Society had no intention of opening a new field of missionary activity in Alaska.
Tosi and Robaut spent the winter of 1886-87 in Canada at the confluence of the Yukon and Stewart rivers. In November 1886, Seghers was murdered by his guide, for unclear reasons, near Nulato. Tosi and Robaut learned of Seghers' murder upon their entry into Alaska in early 1887. Tosi then founded the first Jesuit mission in Alaska.
The following summer, he made a trip to the Pacific Northwest to consult with the Superior of the Rocky Mountain Mission, Joseph M. Cataldo SJ, who formally appointed him Superior of the Alaska Mission and entrusted him with the task of developing that mission.
In 1892, Pope Leo XIII was moved by an audience with Tosi in Rome, and told him to "go and make yourself the pope in those regions!" In 1893, Tosi returned to Italy to find help for his mission. On July 27, 1894, the Holy See separated Alaska from the Diocese of Vancouver Island and made it a Prefecture Apostolic with Tosi as its Apostolic Prefect.
By 1897, Tosi was physically worn out by a tough daily life and strenuous labours in an extreme climate. He was succeeded both as Superior of the Alaska Mission and as Prefect Apostolic in March 1897 by French Jesuit Jean-Baptiste René.

## Death

On September 13, 1897, Tosi sailed reluctantly from St. Michael for a short rest in Juneau. As the ship left the harbour, a four-gun salute demonstrated the esteem in which Tosi was held. On January 14, 1898, he died of a heart attack in Juneau.
Juneau's Alaska News said of Tosi:
   Of all those who have traveled Alaska, it can be frankly stated that none traveled as much in every direction as Father Tosi, Apostolic Prefect of Alaska. During his twelve-year sojourn in the Yukon Valley, he walked thousands upon thousands of miles over territory never before trodden by humans.
# Pat Welsh

Pat Welsh may refer to:
* Pat Welsh (actress) (1915–1995), Patricia Welsh, American film actress
* Pat Welsh (sports journalist) (born 1957), head of sports for Seven News in Brisbane
* Pat Welsh (author) (born 1929), Patricia Welsh, television performer, columnist, garden editor, public speaker, and author
# Pat West

Pat West may refer to:
* Pat West (American football), American football fullback
* Pat West (actor), American character actor
# Pat Wellington

Pat J. Wellington (29 July 1953 – 12 July 1987) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1970s.
Wellington played as a forward and was recruited to the Des Tuddenham led Essendon from Hopetoun. Known for his high flying marks, he kicked 21 goals in 1973, five of those in a win over Footscray at Western Oval.
With his VFL career ending in 1976, Wellington continued his football career at VFA club Yarraville in 1977. He then moved to Pennant Hills in Sydney before heading further north to Queensland and joining Southport. Wellington also captain-coached Kedron and played at Beenleigh.
On 12 July 1987, Wellington died of cancer at the age of 33.
# Parker, Missouri

Parker is an unincorporated community in Scott County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called "Parkers Station" was established in 1875, and remained in operation until 1883. The community has the name of the Parker family, proprietor of a local sawmill.
# Patrick Hume

Patrick Hume may refer to:
* Patrick Hume of Polwarth (c. 1550–1609), Scottish courtier and poet of the Castalian Band
* Patrick Hume, 1st Earl of Marchmont (1641–1724), Scottish statesman
* Patrick Hume (editor) (fl. 1695), Scottish schoolmaster in London, author of the first commentary on John Milton's Paradise Lost
# Paroo

Paroo may refer to:
* Shire of Paroo, a local government area in South West Queensland
* Paroo, Western Australia, a locality in the Mid West region of Western Australia
* Paroo River, a seasonal stream in Australia
* Paroo Station, an Australian pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station
* Paroo (Vidhan Sabha constituency), an assembly constituency in Muzaffarpur district in the Indian state of Bihar.
* Paroo family, fictional characters in the musical and movie The Music Man
# Patricia Knight

Patricia Knight (born Marjorie Heinzen; April 28, 1915 – October 26, 2004) was an American actress who appeared in a few movies in the late 1940s and early 1950s.

## Career

In 1949, Knight and her husband, Cornel Wilde, acted at Cape Playhouse in a production of Western Wind. The same year they costarred in the Sam Fuller written and Douglas Sirk directed film noir Shockproof for Columbia.

## Personal life

After meeting actor Cornel Wilde at a producer's office in 1936, the couple married in Elkton, Maryland, on September 1, 1937. They had one daughter, Wendy, and divorced on August 30, 1951. The family lived at Country House on Deep Canyon Road, Los Angeles. She married Danish businessman Niels Larson on October 24, 1954, and moved with him to Europe.
She and Larson returned to the United States in 1969. Larson died in 1971. She later married building adviser David Wright, and moved with him to Hemet, California, where he died on May 22, 1996. Patricia Knight died in Hemet in 2004, aged 89.
A Democrat, Wright supported the campaign of Adlai Stevenson during the 1952 presidential election.

## Filmography

* The Fabulous Texan (1947) as Josie Allen
* Roses are Red (1947) as Jill Carney
* Shockproof (1949) as Jenny Marsh
* The Second Face (1950) as Lynn Hamilton
* The Magic Face (1951) as Vera Janus
* The Lone Wolf (1954) as Janice Avon
# Patrick Tower

Warrant Officer Patrick Tower, SMV, CD is a Canadian soldier who was the first recipient of the Star of Military Valour, a Canadian military decoration, in recognition of actions under enemy fire taken in the Pashmul region of Afghanistan. He had prior military service including the Battle of Medak Pocket and three tours in the former Yugoslavia with Canadian peacekeeping forces.
During the Panjwayi fighting in the summer of 2006, Tower was a section commander in 9 Platoon of the 1st Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry but by 3 August 2006, "(c)asualties had elevated (Tower) to second-in-command of the platoon of about thirty soldiers of Charlie Company who had been fighting that day."
The citation for his Star of Military Valour reads:
   Sergeant Patrick Tower, S.M.V., C.D. Edmonton, Alberta, and Victoria, British Columbia Star of Military Valour
   Sergeant Tower is recognized for valiant actions taken on August 3, 2006, in the Pashmul region of Afghanistan. Following an enemy strike against an outlying friendly position that resulted in numerous casualties, Sergeant Tower assembled the platoon medic and a third soldier and led them across 150 metres of open terrain, under heavy enemy fire, to render assistance. On learning that the acting platoon commander had perished, Sergeant Tower assumed command and led the successful extraction of the force under continuous small arms and rocket-propelled grenade fire. Sergeant Tower’s courage and selfless devotion to duty contributed directly to the survival of the remaining platoon members.
# Paul Forman (actor)

Paul Forman (born 16 March 1994) is an English and French actor and model. His films include Nevrland (2019). On television, he is known for his roles in the Amazon Prime series Riches (2022), the Netflix series Emily in Paris (2022–2024), and the Paramount+ series Stags (2024).

## Early life

Forman was born to a French mother and a British father and raised in London, where he attended the Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle in South Kensington. Forman has a degree in mathematics. It was during university at age 19 that he discovered acting through plays. He went on to complete a 2-year diploma in Professional Acting at the Drama Studio London in 2016.

## Career

Forman has appeared in the 2019 Austrian film Nevrland, the Starz series The Spanish Princess (2020), the Irish comedy series Frank of Ireland (2021), the Amazon Prime Video series Riches (2022), the Netflix series Emily in Paris (2022–2024), and the BBC series Father Brown (2023).
In November 2023, it was announced that he was due to appear in the Paramount+ drama series Stags.
On 23 April 2024, it was announced that Forman had been cast in the upcoming series of Doctor Who as Lord Barton.

## Filmography
### Film

* Nevrland (2019), Kristjan
* Seagull (2019), Connor

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2020 | The Spanish Princess | King Francis | 2 episodes |
| 2021 | Frank of Ireland | Stéphane | 2 episodes |
| 2022 | McDonald & Dodds | Marco Capone | Episode: "A Billion Beats" |
| 2022 | Riches | Luke | 5 episodes |
| 2022–2024 | Emily in Paris | Nicolas de Léon | 13 episodes |
| 2023 | Father Brown | Gabriel Wadey | Episode: "The Beast of Wedlock" |
| 2024 | Doctor Who | Lord Barton | Episode: "Rogue" |
| 2024 | Stags | Hugo | 4 episodes |
# Paul Forell

Paul Forell (14 January 1892 – 3 August 1959) was a German international footballer.
# Paul Forman (historian)

Paul Forman (born 1937) is a historian of science and is the retired curator of the Division of Medicine and Science at the National Museum of American History. Forman's primary research focus has been the history of physics, in which he has helped pioneer the application of cultural history to scientific developments.
Forman is especially known for two controversial historical theses. The first (often called "the Forman thesis") regards the influence of German culture on early interpretations of quantum mechanics; Forman argued that the culture of Weimar Germany, through its emphasis on acausality, individuality and visualizability (Anschaulichkeit), contributed to the acceptance and interpretation of quantum mechanics. Forman's second thesis regards the influence of military funding on the character and course of scientific research; he argued that during World War II and the Cold War, the massive scale of defense-related funding prompted a shift in physics from basic to applied research, spurring considerable historical research on the effects of the military funding of science. Forman's recent work focuses on "characterization of the modern/postmodern transition in science, society, and culture."

## Forman thesis

Forman (1971) argued the remarkable scientific achievements in quantum physics in Weimar Germany in the 1920s involved the cross-product of the hostile intellectual atmosphere whereby many scientists rejected Weimar Germany as an illegitimate state and in which there were intellectual revolts against causality, determinism and materialism. The scientists adjusted to the intellectual environment by dropping Newtonian causality from quantum mechanics, thereby opening up an entirely new and highly successful approach to physics. Forman links the emergence of quantum mechanics, and Bohr's Copenhagen interpretation in particular, to the postwar revolt against rationalist and causal-realist philosophies of science. Many intellectuals felt those philosophies somehow contributed to the crisis of European (more specifically German) national identity. Forman concludes that:
    "If the physicist were to improve his public image he had first and foremost to dispense with causality, with rigorous determinism, that most universally abhorred feature of the physical world picture. And this, of course, turned out to be precisely what was required for the solution of those problems in atomic physics which were then at the focus of the physicist’s interest."
The "Forman Thesis" has generated an intense debate for and against among historians of science. In support of Forman, Max Jammer and others cite anti-rationalist movements such as existentialism, pragmatism, and logical empiricism as showing a post-war cultural climate that was receptive to the kinds of argument advanced by Bohr, Heisenberg, Dirac and others. Just as many scholars have challenged the Forman thesis.
He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1988 "for his research on the history and cultural background of modern physics, and for his development of museum exhibits presenting physics to the public"
# Paul Henry (poet)

Paul Henry (b. Aberystwyth, 1959) is a Welsh poet, songwriter and broadcaster. His poetry collection Boy Running was shortlisted for the Wales Book of the Year award in 2016.

## Biography

Starting out as a singer-songwriter, Henry's first collection Time Pieces was published by Seren Press in 1991, winning a Gregory Award. In 1992, he attended Joseph Brodsky's poetry masterclass at the Hay Festival, since which time a further eight books have appeared. His poems have been widely anthologised and can be found in journals such as Poetry Review and The Times Literary Supplement. They have also featured on BBC Radio 4's Poetry Please.
The Brittle Sea, New & Selected Poems was recently reprinted by Seren in the UK and by Dronequill in India, under the title The Black Guitar. Mari d’Ingrid, Gerard Augustin's translation of his fifth collection, Ingrid’s Husband, is published by L’Harmattan. He was described by the late U. A. Fanthorpe as "a poet's poet who combines a sense of the music of words with an endlessly inventive imagination".
Henry teaches creative writing at writers' centres and has lectured at the University of South Wales. He has read and performed his songs at venues across Europe, the US and India. His co-readers have included Paul Muldoon, Carol Ann Duffy, Don Paterson and Vikram Seth. Henry is a featured poet in the UK pages of Poetry International and in the British Council authors' pages. More recently, he has written and presented arts programmes for BBC Radio 3 and Radio 4.

## Works

Poetry:
* 2011: The Black Guitar - Selected Poems, Dronequill (India)
* 2010: The Brittle Sea: New & Selected Poems, Seren
* 2008: Mari d'Ingrid, L'Harmattan (tr. Gerard Augustin)
* 2007: Ingrid’s Husband, Seren
* 2004: The Breath of Sleeping Boys & other poems, Carreg Gwalch
* 2002: The Slipped Leash, Seren
* 1998: The Milk Thief, Seren
* 1996: Captive Audience, Seren
* 1991: Time Pieces, Seren