# Outline of electronics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to electronics:
Electronics – branch of physics, engineering and technology dealing with electrical circuits that involve active semiconductor components and associated passive interconnection technologies.

## Branches
### Classical electronics

* Analog electronics
* Digital electronics
* Electronic instrumentation
* Electronic engineering
* Microelectronics
* Optoelectronics
* Power electronics
* Printed electronics
* Semiconductor technology
* Schematic capture
* Thermal management
* Automation Electronics

### Advanced topics

* Atomtronics
* Bioelectronics
* Failure modes of electronics
* Flexible electronics
* Low-power electronics
* Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
* Molecular electronics
* Nanoelectronics
* Organic electronics
* Photonics
* Piezotronics
* Quantum electronics
* Spintronics

### History of electronics

* History of electronic engineering
* History of radar
* History of radio
* History of television

## General concepts
### Data converters

* Analog-to-digital converters (ADC)
** Aliasing
** Successive approximation ADC
** Dual-slope ADC
** Quantization
** Sensor resolution
** Sampling
** Delta-sigma ADC
* Digital-to-analog converters (DAC)
** Digital potentiometer
** Binary weighted resistor converter
** Charge distribution DAC
** Pulse width modulator
** Reconstruction filter
** The R2R ladder

### Digital electronics

* Binary decision diagrams
* Boolean algebra
* Combinational logic
* Counters (digital)
* De Morgan's laws
* Digital circuit
* Formal verification
* Karnaugh maps
* Logic families
* Logic gate
* Logic minimization
* Logic simulation
* Logic synthesis
* Registers
* Sequential logic
* State machines
* Truth tables
* Transparent latch

### Electrical element/discretes

* Passive elements:
** Capacitor
** Inductor
** Memristor
** Resistor
** Transformer
* Active elements:
** Diode
*** Zener diode
*** Light-emitting diode
*** PIN diode
*** Schottky diode
*** Avalanche diode
*** Laser diode
*** Microcontroller
*** Operational amplifier
** Thyristor
*** DIAC
*** TRIAC
*** IGBT
** Transistor
*** Bipolar transistor (BJT)
*** Field effect transistor (FET)
*** Darlington transistor
* Other components
** Aural devices
** Battery (electricity)
** Crystal oscillator
** Electromechanical devices
** Sensors
** Surface acoustic wave (SAW)

### Electronics analysis

* Electronic packaging
* Electronic circuit simulation
* Electronic design automation
* Electronic noise
* Mathematical methods in electronics
* Thermal management of electronic devices and systems

### Electronic circuits

* Amplifiers
** Differential amplifiers
** Feedback amplifiers
** Power amplifiers
* Comparators
* Converters
* Filters
** Active filters
** Passive filters
** Digital filters
* Oscillators
* Phase-locked loops
* Timers

### Electronic equipment

* Air conditioner
* Central heating
* Clothes dryer
* Computer/Notebook
* Dishwasher
* Freezer
* Home robot
* Home entertainment system
* Information technologies
* Cooker
* Microwave oven
* Refrigerator
* Robotic vacuum cleaner
* Tablet
* Telephone
* Television
* Water heater
* Washing machine

### Electronic instrumentation

* Ammeter
* Capacitance meter
* Distortionmeter
* Electric energy meter
* LCR meter
* Microwave power meter
* Multimeter
* Network analyzer
* Ohmmeter
* Oscilloscope
* Psophometer
* Q meter
* Signal analyzer
* Signal generator
* Spectrum analyzer
* Transistor tester
* Tube tester
* Wattmeter
* Vectorscope
* Video signal generator
* Voltmeter
* VU meter

### Memory technology

** Flash memory
** Hard drive systems
** Optical storage
** Probe Storage
** Programmable read-only memory
** Read-only memory
** Solid-state drive (SSD)
** Volatile memory

### Microcontrollers

* Features
** Analog-to-digital converter
** Central processing unit (CPU)
** Clock generator (Quartz timing crystal, resonator or RC circuit)
** Debugging support
** Digital-to-analog converters
** Discrete input and output bits
** In-circuit programming
** Non-volatile memory (ROM, EPROM, EEPROM or Flash)
** Peripherals (Timers, event counters, PWM generators, and watchdog)
** Serial interface (Input/output such as serial ports (UARTs))
** Serial communications (I²C, Serial Peripheral Interface and Controller Area Network)
** Volatile memory (RAM)
* 8-bit microcontroller families:
AVR - PIC - COP8 - MCS-48 - MCS-51 - Z8 - eZ80 - HC08 - HC11 - H8 - PSoC
* Some notable suppliers:
** ARM
** Atmel
** Cypress Semiconductor
** Freescale
** Intel
** MIPS
** Microchip Technology
** NXP Semiconductors
** Parallax Propeller
** PowerPC
** Rabbit 2000
** Renesas RX, V850
** Silicon Laboratories
** STMicroelectronics
** Texas Instruments
** Toshiba TLCS

### Optoelectronics

* Optical fiber
* Optical properties
* Optical receivers
* Optical system design
* Optical transmitters

### Physical laws

* Ampère's law
* Coulomb's law
* Faraday's law of induction/Faraday-Lenz law
* Gauss's law
* Kirchhoff's circuit laws
** Current law
** Voltage law
* Maxwell's equations
** Gauss's law
** Faraday's law of induction
** Ampère's law
* Ohm's law

### Power electronics

* Power Devices
** Gate turn-off thyristor
** MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT)
** Power BJT/MOSFET
** Static induction devices
* Electric power conversion
** DC to DC
*** DC to DC converter
*** Voltage stabiliser
*** Linear regulator
** AC to DC
*** Rectifier
*** Mains power supply unit (PSU)
*** Switched-mode power supply
** DC to AC
*** Inverter
** AC to AC
*** Cycloconverter
*** Transformer
*** Variable frequency transformer
*** Voltage converter
*** Voltage regulator
* Power applications
** Automotive applications
** Capacitor charging applications
** Electronic ballasts
** Energy harvesting technologies
** Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS)
** High frequency inverters
** HVDC transmission
** Motor controller
** Photovoltaic system Conversion
** Power factor correction circuits
** Power supply
** Renewable energy sources
** Switching power converters
** Uninterruptible power supply
** Wind power

### Programmable devices

* Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)
* Complex programmable logic device (CPLD)
* Erasable programmable logic device (EPLD)
* Simple programmable logic device (SPLD)
* Macrocell array
* Programmable array logic (PAL)
* Programmable logic array (PLA)
* Programmable logic device (PLD)
* Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
* VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL)
* Verilog Hardware Description Language
* Some notable suppliers:
Altera - Atmel - Cypress Semiconductor - Lattice Semiconductor - Xilinx

### Semiconductors theory

* Properties
** Bipolar junction transistors
** Capacitance voltage profiling
** Charge carrier
** Charge-transfer complex
** Deep-level transient spectroscopy
** Depletion region
** Density of states
** Diode modelling
** Direct band gap
** Electronic band structure
** Energy level
** Exciton
** Field-effect transistors
** Metal–semiconductor junction
** MOSFETs
** N-type semiconductor
** Organic semiconductors
** P–n junction
** P-type semiconductor
** Photoelectric effect
** Quantum tunneling
** Semiconductor chip
** Semiconductor detector
** Solar cell
** Transistor model
** Thin film
** Tight-binding model
* Device Fabrication
** Semiconductor device fabrication
** Semiconductor industry
** Semiconductor consolidation

## Applications

* Audio electronics
* Automotive electronics
* Avionics
* Control Systems
* Consumer electronics
* Data acquisition
* E-health
* Electronic book
* Electronics industry
* Electronic warfare
* Embedded systems
* Home automation
* Integrated circuits
* Marine electronics
* Microwave technology
* Military electronics
* Multimedia
* Nuclear electronics
* Open hardware
* Radar and Radionavigation
* Radio electronics
* Terahertz technology
* Video hardware
* Wired and Wireless Communications