OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Protein precursor

A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational modification, such as breaking off a piece of the molecule or adding on another molecule. The name of the precursor for a protein is often prefixed by pro-. Examples include proinsulin and proopiomelanocortin, which are both prohormones.
Protein precursors are often used by an organism when the subsequent protein is potentially harmful, but needs to be available on short notice and/or in large quantities. Enzyme precursors are called zymogens or proenzymes. Examples are enzymes of the digestive tract in humans.
Some protein precursors are secreted from the cell. Many of these are synthesized with an N-terminal signal peptide that targets them for secretion. Like other proteins that contain a signal peptide, their name is prefixed by pre. They are thus called pre-pro-proteins or pre-pro-peptides. The signal peptide is cleaved off in the endoplasmic reticulum. An example is preproinsulin.
Pro-sequences are areas in the protein that are essential for its correct folding, usually in the transition of a protein from an inactive to an active state. Pro-sequences may also be involved in pro-protein transport and secretion.
Pro-domain (or prodomain) is the domain of a proprotein.
# Staudinger

Staudinger is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alma Staudinger (1921–2017), Austrian diver
* Christina Staudinger (born 1987), Austrian freestyle skier
* Conny Staudinger (born 1927), Austrian ice hockey player
* Hannes Staudinger (1907–1974), Austrian cinematographer
* Hans Staudinger (1889–1980), German politician
* Hermann Staudinger (1881–1965), German chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules and was the winner of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* Josef Staudinger (1906–1998), Austrian diver who competed in the 1928 and 1932 Summer Olympics
* Magda Staudinger (1902–1997), Latvian biologist and botanist
* Magdalene Epply-Staudinger (1907–2005), Austrian diver
* Otto Staudinger (1830–1900), German entomologist
* Rupert Staudinger (born 1997), British-German luger
* Stella Staudinger (born 1972), Austrian basketball player
* Ursula Staudinger (born 1959), German psychologist
* Wolfgang Staudinger (born 1963), West German luger who competed from 1978 to 1989
# Hangzhou–Ningbo high-speed railway

The Hangzhou–Ningbo high-speed railway, or Hangyong high-speed railway or Hang–Yong passenger-dedicated railway (Chinese: 杭甬客运专线; pinyin: Háng–Yǒng kèyùn zhuān xiàn) is a High-speed railway between the major cities of Hangzhou and Ningbo in Zhejiang province. It spans approximately 150 km (93 mi), with a design speed of 350 km/h (220 mph).
In the railway's short name, "Háng" stands for Hangzhou, and "Yǒng" (甬) is a traditional short name for Ningbo.
Early on, the railway was scheduled to open in June 2012; later, the end of 2012 became the target date. It was announced in October 2012 that the completion of the project had been postponed again. Test operations began at the start of 2013 and commercial operations began on 30 June 2013. The line runs parallel to the Xiaoshan–Ningbo railway.
# Joan I, Countess of Dreux

Joan I (1345–1346), was the ruling suo jure Countess of Dreux in 1345–1346.
She was the only child of Peter, Count of Dreux and Isabeau de Melun, lady of Houdain. Her father died when she was not yet a year old, but she barely survived him, dying less than a year into her reign. Her aunt, Joan, succeeded her.
# West India Pier

West India Pier (formerly West India Dock Pier) is a pier on the River Thames in the Isle of Dogs area of London. It can be found beside the Anchorage Point and Millennium Harbour housing developments at the end of Cuba Street.

## Construction

It was built in 1874–75 to support the transfer of goods by the East and West India Dock Companies before its ownership was transferred to the Port of London Authority in 1909.
After becoming damaged by enemy fire in March 1941 (during the Second World War), it was rebuilt with the pontoon from the unused Blackwall Pier and reopened in 1949–50.

## Services

The pier has been disused since 1993 when the Docklands River Bus route it served from 1988 to 1991 failed to gain traction, owing to low passenger footfall. The route could cover Charing Cross to West India Pier in 20 minutes.
A 10-minute walk away, Canary Wharf Pier (which opened in July 1991) is the nearest active pier serving River Bus passengers.
# Éterville

Éterville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
# Railway High School Palakkad

Railway High School, Palakkad is a high school located in Palakkad city, Kerala, India. It is the only school in the state which is undertaken by Southern Railway.

## History

The school was started by Indian Railways as a primary school, under an unaided programme of the government of Kerala. The school is situated within the Railway Colony precinct. Most residents of the railway colony sent their children to this school. The school did accept students whose parents were not employed by the Railways, as fee paying students, albeit in small numbers. The school was given financial support from the department of railways, had better infrastructure and teachers of high standards, resulting in better academic performance compared to schools in the district of Palakkad.
In 1979, the Headmaster Mr P Madhavan along with the Parent Teacher Association took up the issue of upgrading the school to a middle school. Due to lack of response from the State Government Authority, the Headmaster took upon a gamble to start 5th standard class. Several representations by TPA were undertaken to secure the approval from the department of education, Kerala, and the approvals came just in time causing anxiety among parents of students.
Except for one student, all the students had taken the transfer Certificate and had joined schools like PMG, St Thomas Higher Secondary School, while Prathapan PP continued in the school. The recognition from state government was accorded in time, and the rest of the students came back.
The first batch of 10th standard students passed out in 1984. The school achieved a 100% pass mark by all the students of the first batch scoring pass mark in the final SSLC exam conducted by the government of Kerala. On 2 April 2006 almost all of the students from the first batch got together. During this event many of the school teachers were felicitated. Several students from 1984 batch came from overseas to attend the function.
The school offers Malayalam and English divisions, and education up to class 12th[+2].

## Closure of Railway Schools

In 2018, Indian Railways announced its intent to withdraw support for its Railway Schools after 2018–19. Later, it revised its position, announcing support for schools with fifteen to twenty wards of railway employees. Palakkad was one of these schools.
# Tell al-Sultan

Tell al-Sultan (or Tall as-Sultan, Tell es-Sultan and Tell Sultan) could refer to the following locations:
* Tell Sultan, a village in northern Syria
* Tel al-Sultan, a refugee camp in the southern Gaza Strip
* Tell es-Sultan, an archaeological site near Jericho in the West Bank
# Pershing Township

Pershing Township may refer to one of the following places within the United States:
* Pershing Township, Jackson County, Indiana
* Pershing Township, Burt County, Nebraska
# Schillsdorf

Schillsdorf is a municipality in the district of Plön, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Schillsdorf is located about 10 km east of Neumünster, and about 5 km west of the Bundesautobahn 21 (extension to the federal highway 404) from Kiel to Bad Segeberg on the former railway line from Neumünster to Plon.
# Stauder

Stauder is a German language toponymic surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Dieter Stauder (1940), German attorney-at-law and an expert in intellectual property law
* Franz Stauder (1977), former German professional tennis player
* Jacob Carl Stauder (1694–1756), Swiss-German painter in the Baroque style
# Thomas Craighead

Thomas Craighead may refer to:
* Thomas Craighead (politician) (Thomas B. Craighead), American politician and lawyer from Arkansas
* Thomas B. Craighead (minister) (Thomas Brown Craighead), American Presbyterian minister and educator
# Leon McCarty

Leon Bumbarger McCarty (June 20, 1888 – September 18, 1962) was an American football and baseball coach. He was the 17th head football coach at the University of Kansas, serving for one season, in 1919, and compiling a record of 3–2–3. McCarty also was head baseball coach at Kansas from 1914 to 1917 and in 1920, tallying a record of 37–21–1 and winning Missouri Valley Conference championships in 1914 and 1915.
McCarty was a 1910 graduate of Ohio State University, where he lettered in football in 1908 and 1909.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Kansas Jayhawks (Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1919) ||||||
| 1919 | Kansas | 3–2–3 | 1–1–1 | T–3rd |
| Kansas: | Kansas: | 3–2–3 | 1–1–1 | |
| Total: | Total: | 3–2–3 | | |
# Óscar Yebra

Óscar Yebra Fernández (born 15 July 1974 in León) is a Spanish former professional basketball player.
He represented the Spanish national team at the 2004 Summer Olympics. As of March 2020, he is coaching in China.
# Persikoban Banjar

Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Kota Banjar (simply known as Persikoban) is an Indonesian association football club from Banjar, West Java. Persikoban plays in Liga 3.
# Scaly-crowned babbler

The scaly-crowned babbler (Malacopteron cinereum) is a species of bird in the family Pellorneidae. It is found in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.
# Protestantism in Saudi Arabia

Protestantism is a minority faith but the more fervent with front in overwhelmingly Muslim Saudi Arabia.
In 2020, adherents of Protestantism were estimated to make up of 0.7% of the population.
In 2022, the number of Christians living in Saudi Arabia was estimated at 2.1 million; however, it is unknown how many are Protestants, Catholics or Orthodox. Other estimates put the number of Christians at over 2 million.
Saudi Arabia allows Christians to enter the country as foreign workers for temporary work, but does not allow them to practice their faith openly. In 2010, the percentage of Saudi Arabian citizens who were Christians is officially zero, as Saudi Arabia forbids religious conversion from Islam (apostasy) and it is punishable by death. As such, the official government position is that all Christians in the Kingdom are foreign workers.
Public practice of Christian religion is prohibited. However, there are cases in which a Muslim will adopt the Protestant Christian faith, secretly declaring his/her faith. In effect, they are practising Protestants, but legally Muslims. A 2015 study estimates some 60,000 believers in Christ from a Muslim background. Most of these subscribe to some form of evangelical or charismatic Christianity.
In 2018, it was reported that the religious police had stopped enforcing the ban on Christians religious services in the Kingdom either publicly or privately. It was also reported that a Coptic Mass was openly conducted for the first time ,102 years after that the protestant. This was held in Riyadh during the visit of Ava Morkos, Coptic Bishop of Shobra Al-Kheima in Egypt. Morkos was originally invited to Saudi Arabia by Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman in March 2018.
In 2023, the Open Doors World Watch List ranked Saudi Arabia as the 13th most difficult country to be a Christian.
# Stauder v City of Ulm

Stauder v City of Ulm (1969) Case 29/69 is an EU law case, concerning the protection of fundamental rights in the European Union.

## Facts

The Decision No 69/71 ECC of the European Commission provided cheap butter for welfare benefits, but required to show a coupon with a person’s name and address. Mr Stauder was entitled to buy butter at reduced prices because he was beneficiary of the welfare scheme for those disabled in the war. However, he considered it illegal to make the appearance of the name of the beneficiary on the coupon mentioned above a condition for buying the butter. He claimed this violated his dignity and challenged it.

## Judgment

The Court of Justice held that properly interpreted, the measure did not require a name to be shown on the coupon. In doing so it acknowledged that human rights formed part of unwritten general principles of EU law:
   When a single decision is addressed to all the member states the necessity for uniform application and accordingly for uniform interpretation makes it impossible to consider one version of the text in isolation but requires that it be interpreted on the basis of both the real intention of its author and the aim he seeks to achieve, and in the light in particular of the versions in all ... languages. ... Interpreted in this way the provision at issue contains nothing capable of prejudicing the fundamental human rights enshrined in the general principles of Community law and protected by the Court.
# Hans Joachim Köhler

Hans Joachim Köhler (born in 1936) is a German musicologist.
Born in Leipzig, Köhler studied music education and English at the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. At first, he worked as an assistant at the University of Greifswald but in 1963 he moved to the University of Leipzig. He worked mainly in the field of artistic practice. In 1979 he became a lecturer and in 1992 he was appointed professor for music pedagogy in Leipzig. In 1999 he became emeritus professor.
As a Leipzig Schumann researcher, he published the 30-volume original text edition of Robert Schumann's piano works at Edition Peters. In addition to numerous articles on aesthetic and biographical aspects of Robert and Clara Schumann, he published two monographs on Schumann's works:
* Alltag und Kunst – Das Domizil der Schumanns in der Leipziger Inselstraße, Altenburg, 2004 (Kamprad Verlag)
* Robert und Clara Schumann – Ein Lebensbogen, Altenburg 2006 (Kamprad Verlag)
In 1978, Köhler won the Robert Schumann Prize of the City of Zwickau.
# Jiuru

22°44′0″N 120°29′0″E﻿ / ﻿22.73333°N 120.48333°E﻿ / 22.73333; 120.48333
Jiuru Township (Chinese: 九如鄉; Hanyu Pinyin: Jiǔrú Xiāng; Tongyong Pinyin: Jiǒurú Xiāng; Wade–Giles: Chiu$^3$-ju$^2$ Hsiang$^1$) is a rural township in Pingtung County, Taiwan.

## Geography

It has a total population of 21,631 and an area of 42.02 square kilometres (16.22 sq mi).

## Administrative divisions

The township comprises 11 villages: Daqiu, Houzhuang, Jiukuai, Jiuming, Jiuqing, Qiaxing, Qilao, Sankuai, Tungning, Yuquan and Yushui.

## Transportation

* Nat 3
** Kao-Ping Hsi Bridge

## Tourist attractions

* Ligang Bridge
* Three Mountains King Temple
# Mimudea aenealis

Mimudea aenealis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in Colombia.
# Railway stations in Uruguay

Railway stations in Uruguay include:

## Stations
### Existing

* Montevideo – national capital and port
* Lorenzo Carnelli
* Canelones
* Rodriguez
* Mal Abrigo – junction
* Colonia del Sacramento
* Mal Abrigo
* Fray Bentos – railhead near Argentina border.

### Proposed

* 2010 Proposed bridge connecting with Argentina, and then to Chile via a new base tunnel.
** Department of Colonia
** Province of Entre Ríos
# International Research Association for Talent Development and Excellence

The International Research Association for Talent Development and Excellence (IRATDE) is a non-profit professional organization of international scientists in the fields of talent development, creativity, innovation and excellence. Founded in 2008, the IRATDE seeks to promote collaboration and cooperation between scholars, professionals, and organizations.

## Activities

The IRATDE hosts a biennial international conference on gifted and talented children, innovation and invention, and excellence across domains. The conference is held in odd years during the months of September through November. The first biennial IRATDE conference was entitled the International Conference on the Cultivation and Education of Creativity and Innovation and was held in Xi'an, China from October 30 to November 2, 2009. The second was scheduled in Jubail, Saudi Arabia, from November 26–30, 2011. In addition, the IRATDE periodically hosts scientific symposia, such as the symposium Nurturing Giftedness Starts Early at King Faisal University in Saudi Arabia from May 31 to June 2, 2010.
The IRATDE publishes a twice-annual peer-reviewed scholarly journal, Talent Development & Excellence, containing original research or theory in the fields of talent development, excellence, innovation, or expertise. The organisation also has a newsletter, Talent Talks, for IRATDE members.

## Membership

The IRATDE currently has approximately 400 members from around 60 countries, with Full Membership available for scientists and researchers and Affiliated Memberships for organizations and practitioners.

## Executive committee

* President - Abdullah Aljughaiman, Director of the National Research Center for Giftedness and Creativity, Dean of the Institute of Research and Consulting, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
* Vice President - Heidrun Stoeger, Professor of Education, Chair for School Research, School Development and Evaluation, University of Regensburg, Germany
* Secretary General - Albert Ziegler, Professor of Psychology, Head of Educational Psychology at the Institute of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Germany
* Treasurer - Jiannong Shi, Director of the Division of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Director of the Research Center for Supernormal Children, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
* Executive Officer - Wilma Vialle, Professor in Educational Psychology and Associate Dean in the Faculty of Education, University of Wollongong, Australia.
# Pesce Peninsula

Pesce Peninsula (71°41′S 74°57′W﻿ / ﻿71.683°S 74.950°W﻿ / -71.683; -74.950) is a broad snow-covered peninsula lying between Rameau Inlet and Verdi Inlet on the north side of the Beethoven Peninsula, situated in the southwest portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. Dykeman Point is the main and only headland on Pesce Peninsula marking the northern extremity of the peninsula. Photographed from the air by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, and mapped from these photographs by D. Searle of Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), 1960. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Commander Victor L. Pesce, U.S. Navy, Commanding Officer, U.S. Navy Antarctic Development Squadron Six (VXE-6), from May 1980 to May 1981. Pesce Peninsula is one of the eight peninsulas of Alexander Island.
# Scelorchilus

Scelorchilus is a genus of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae.

## Species

It contains the following species:
Genus Scelorchilus – Oberholser, 1923 – two species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| White-throated tapaculo | Scelorchilus albicollis (Kittlitz, 1830) | Chile. | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Chucao tapaculo | Scelorchilus rubecula (Kittlitz, 1830) Two subspecies S. r. rubecula. S. r. mochae | Chile and Argentina | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
# Protestantism in Sudan

Protestants are about 2,009,374 in Sudan (5% of the population). They are forbidden to proselytize. The law makes apostasy (which includes conversion from Islam to another religion) punishable by death. The southern ethnic groups fighting the civil war largely are followers of traditional indigenous religions or Christians.
Protestantism first arrived in Sudan in 1889 when the Church Mission Society in England started a Gordon Memorial Mission and Llewellyn Henry Gwynne was sent to Khartoum for the first time. He was joined a year later by Rev J Kelly Giffin, a Presbyterian missionary from the US. Other missionaries based in Egypt travelled to Khartoum over the next decade and several schools and a hospital were opened. The British government gave permission for their work provided they did not proselytize local Muslims.
In 2021, Christians made up 5.4% of the population of Sudan. The largest groups were Coptic Orthodox, Greek Orthodox and Catholic. The main Protestant denominations included Episcopal Anglican Church (EAC), Sudanese Church of God (SCOC), Sudan Presbyterian Evangelical Church (SPEC) and the Presbyterian Church in Sudan. Smaller groups, such as Jehovah’s Witnesses and Seventh-day Adventists also have congregations in the country. Christians are mainly based in urban areas including Khartoum and Port Sudan, as well as the Nuba Mountains.
In 2020, the government rescinded a law which imposed the death penalty for apostasy. However, the criminal code includes a section on ‘religious offences’ which include questioning or criticizing the Koran, insulting Muhammad (or his wives or companions) and insulting any religion.
Reports of persecution have been made. As a minority within a minority, Protestants have experienced oppression in the past, including confiscation and destruction of property. In the 2020s, harassment is mainly in the area of bureaucracy and refusal of planning permissions. In 2021, a member of the Episcopal Church of Sudan was arrested and ill-treated after criticizing officials for not allowing the rebuilding of a SCOC which was burnt down by arsonists. In May 2023, during national unrest, the Anglican cathedral in Khartoum was seized by the RSF while an Evangelical church was bombed. A SPEC church and a Pentecostal church were previously destroyed in early 2022.

## Denominations

* Africa Inland Church
* Assemblies of God
* Church of Christ in the Upper Nile
* Sudan Evangelical Presbyterian Church
* Presbyterian Church in Sudan
* Sudan Interior Church
* Sudanese Church of Christ
* Sudan Pentecostal Church
* Sudanese Reformation church of christ