OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Monoranjan Sen

Monoranjan Sen ( ? - May 5, 1930) was one of the martyred Bengali revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement in British India.

## Revolutionary activities

Manoranjan Sen was born in Chittagong. His father's name is Rajinikanth Sen. He was a child of a poor family. He joined the Indian Republican Army led by masterda Surya Sen while in his first year of college. As a member of the Revolutionary Party, he took part in the looting of Chittagong armoury on April 17, 1930. He was one of the victorious forces in the battle of Jalalabad hills which took place on 22 April. 4 days later he committed suicide, reject to surrender and to avoid police arrest, after his three friends were killed in a skirmish with the guards at Kalarpool during an attack on a European residence in Chittagong.
# Monorails in Central Java

Monorails were used to transport timber from the forests of Central Java, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) located in the mountains to the rivers.

## History

In 1908 and 1909, the forester H. J. L. Beck built a manually operated monorail of limited but sufficient capacity for the transport of small timber and firewood in the northern Surabaya forest district. In later years, this idea was further developed by L. A. van de Ven, who was a forester in the Grobogan forest district (north of Poerwodadi 7°01′51″S 110°55′14″E﻿ / ﻿7.03089°S 110.92061°E﻿ / -7.03089; 110.92061﻿ (Lage des Forstbezirks Grobogan)) around 1908–1910. He devoted himself to the planning, construction and operation of monorails, especially monorails with larger capacity for heavier transport. His consideration was that the construction and maintenance of monorails in hilly terrain, apart from saving one rail, would be considerably cheaper than the usual two-rail tracks, such as those of the Cepu Forest Railway. As a result, monorails were built by plantation operators and wood processing companies throughout the mountains of Central Java. There were monorail lines in Grobogan, Undakan (in Kudus Regency), Monggot (in Grobogan Regency), and Cepu (in Blora Regency) forest administrations, as well as in Djombang-Babat forest administrations in East Java. In 1919/1920, however, the hand-operated monorails gradually disappeared and were replaced by narrow-gauge railways with steam locomotives as forest utilization changed.

## Operation

The metal rail of the monorail at Babat (Lage) was laid at a height of about 3 metres on sawn-off tree stumps or on buried posts. On the rail, W-shaped carriages with an extremely low centre of gravity were moved by gravity or by hand. Even in the sharpest curves the swinging carriages could not get out of balance. Even in the rainy season, when the forest roads turned into swamps, the timber transport went undisturbed at lofty heights on the sawn-off trees.
* Typical monorail rolling stock
* Monorail at Grobogan
* Monorail for 6 cubic metres (210 cu ft) or approx 5 tonnes timber
* Monorail near Tjepoe (Cepu)
# Mopang

Mopang may refer to:
* Mopang, a Design 1023 ship mined and sunk in 1921
* Lake Mopang in Maine (see List of lakes in Maine)
* Mopang Stream, a tributary of Machias River in Maine.
# Mordellistena baliani

Mordellistena baliani is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1942 by Franciscolo and is endemic to Italy.
# Moorswater

50°27′04″N 4°29′10″W﻿ / ﻿50.451°N 4.486°W﻿ / 50.451; -4.486
Moorswater is an industrial suburb of Liskeard in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately half-a-mile (0.8 km) west of Liskeard town centre.
Moorswater has a long industrial history and lies south of the former mining area around Kit Hill and Caradon Hill at the southeast edge of Bodmin Moor. Moorswater was at the southern end of one of Cornwall's early railways, the Liskeard and Caradon Railway mineral line which opened in 1844.
Moorswater lies in a valley which is spanned by Moorswater viaduct carrying the Cornish Main Line railway. The single-track Looe Valley Line branches from the main line at Liskeard railway station and descends into the valley allowing freights trains to access Moorswater Industrial Estate on the site of the former Moorswater railway station, once the centre of operations for the Liskeard and Caradon Railway.
The former china clay works at Moorswater is now a rail-served cement terminal.
# Morgetshofsee

Morgetshofsee is a kettle lake at Thayngen in the canton of Schaffhausen, Switzerland. The lake and its surroundings are listed in the Federal Inventory of Amphibian Spawning Areas as a site of national importance.
The following species were observed at Morgetshofsee: Common Frog (Rana temporaria), Edible Frog, Agile Frog (Rana dalmatina), European tree frog (Hyla arborea), Alpine Newt (Triturus alpestris), Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus), Smooth Newt (Triturus vulgaris) and Common Toad (Bufo bufo).
# Morabito

Morabito is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anthony Morabito (born 1991), Australian rules footballer
* Fabio Morábito (born 1955), Mexican writer and poet
* Giuseppe Morabito (born 1934), nicknamed 'u tiradrittu' ("shootstraight"), Italian criminal and a historical boss of the 'Ndrangheta
* Linda A. Morabito (born 1953), American astronomer
* Marco Morabito, Italian film producer and editor
* Rocco Morabito (photographer), American photographer
* Rocco Morabito (mobster, born 1960), Italian criminal and a member of the 'Ndrangheta
* Rocco Morabito (mobster, born 1966), Italian criminal and a member of the 'Ndrangheta
* Rossana Morabito (born 1969), Italian retired runner
* Steve Morabito (born 1983), Swiss professional road bicycle racer
* Tony Morabito (1910–1957), founder of the San Francisco 49ers

## Other uses

* Al-Morabito Mosque (Spanish: Mezquita El Morabito), Islamic place of worship in Córdoba, Spain
# Morab

The Morab is an American horse developed through the cross-breeding of Arabian and Morgan horses. The breeding of Morab horses began in the late 1880s with the intent of creating a fine carriage horse that was still substantial enough for moderate farm labor.

## History

The Morab originated in the late nineteenth century as a result of cross-breeding of Arabian and Morgan stock; it retains some characteristics of each breed.$^{:450}$ The first Morab registry was created in 1973. Prior to this, Morabs were primarily undocumented horses bred for type. Many early Morabs were registered with the American Morgan Horse Association, as the Morgan studbook was still open that time, and these horses have since been fully assimilated into the Morgan breed.

## Characteristics

The Morab usually stands between 144 and 157 cm (14.1 and 15.2 hands) at the withers,$^{:487}$ but may reach 163 cm (16.0 h).$^{:450}$ It may be of any solid color, including bay, black, chestnut or gray, or sometimes buckskin, palomino or dun.$^{:450}$
The head is generally fine, with a broad forehead, large eyes, small ears, and a slightly concave profile. The mane and tail are thick, the tail high-set and often held high.$^{:450}$
# Morpho polyphemus

Morpho polyphemus, the white morpho or Polyphemus white morpho, is a white butterfly of Mexico and Central America, ranging as far south as Costa Rica. As suggested by its name, this is one of the relatively few Morphos that is white rather than blue. Some authorities include M. luna, which is also white, as a subspecies of M. polyphemus.

## Identification

Both the upper and lower wings are bright white, with some small light brown markings. There is a row of small eyespots on the underside of the hindwings.

## Host plant

The caterpillar has been known to eat Paullinia pinnata (family Sapindaceae) and Inga (family Fabaceae).

## Etymology

The species epithet is derived from Polyphemus, a character in Greek mythology, from the small eyespots on the wing. Polyphemus was the one-eyed son of Poseidon and Thoosa.

## Description

Account by Hans Fruhstorfer in Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde:
"M. polyphemus Db. & Hew. (68c) differs from its Brazilian relatives in the chalky white upper surface of both wings with delicate mother-of-pearl gloss, and also in the projecting apex of the forewing and the sharp teeth of the hindwing. On the upper surface the black distal bordering is absent and the discocellular shows only a quite narrow stripe. The ocelli [eyespots] of the forewing are larger than in Morpho catenarius|catenarius, those of the wing more distinctly white-centred. As Morpho luna|luna Butler has described an aberration from Mexico with the black spots on both wings unusually well developed. The flight of polyphemus is extremely rapid and irregular, and according to Godman and Salvin the species ascends in Guatemala to 4000 ft. [1200 m] and is often met with near the ground in villages or also high up round the tops of trees in the timber-forest. Distributed from Mexico to Guatemala and Nicaragua, occasionally also occurring in Panama."
# Sacramento, New Mexico

Sacramento is a census-designated place in Otero County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 58 as of the 2010 census. Sacramento has a post office with ZIP code 88347. New Mexico State Road 521 passes through the community.

## Economy

The last gas station in Sacramento closed in the 1980s.

## Education

It is in Cloudcroft Municipal Schools.
# Red King

Red King may refer to:
* The red King playing card
* Red King (Ultra monster), a foe of the Japanese superhero Ultraman
* Red King (comics), a number of comics characters of the same name
* William II of England, commonly known as William "Rufus", or "The Red King"
* Rory "Red King" MacDonald, a Canadian MMA fighter
* The Red King (novel), a children's book by author Victor Kelleher
* The Red King (TV series), a 2024 British crime drama television series
* Red King (Through the Looking-Glass), a character in the Lewis Carroll novel Through the Looking-Glass
* An ancient king whose descendants are the main characters in Children of the Red King series of books by Jenny Nimmo
* Another name for the Crimson King from the works of Stephen King
# Kulang Fort

Kulang fort (कुलंग गड ) is located in the Igatpuri area of Nashik district, on the western side of the Kalsubai hill range. This fort is adjacent to the Madangad and Alang forts, all of which were constructed to protect the Nashik-Kalyan ancient commercial road.

## History

In 1760 the fort were probably ceded by the Moghuls to the Peshwa along with many other forts in the Nashik region. In 1818 Kulang along with the other nearby forts were captured by the British forces. The British, however did not destroy the steps of this fort

## Places to see

There are few rock cut cisterns and a cave on the fort. There is no significant construction on the fort, except for a Wada made from stone masonry and the ruined main gate. The pathway to the fort is made of rock cut steps. From the top of this fort Kalsubai peak, Patta, Aundha, Madangad Fort, Alang Fort and Ratangad forts are easily visible.

## How to reach

There is a base village Ambevadi or Kurangwadi, from which it takes about two to three hours to reach the fort. The path passes through a dense forest area, the Kalsubai-Harishchandragad Wildlife Sanctuary. There is potable water on the way and plenty of clean water on the fort. There are spacious caves on the fort which could accommodate up to 100 persons. There is no fuel wood on the fort, so it is preferable to carry fuel wood or a gas-stove from the base village.

## Gallery

* Water cisterns
* Rock cut steps
# VfL Nord Berlin

VfL Nord Berlin was a German association football club from the city of Berlin. It was formed on 21 May 1947 in the aftermath of World War II as the successor to Berliner Fußball-Club Favorit which was established 15 October 1896 and was one of the founding clubs of the DFB (Deutscher Fussball Bund, en: German Football Association) at Leipzig in 1900.

## History
### BFC Favorit

Sometime in 1904, FC Favorit was renamed Berliner Sport-Club Favorit. The team was primarily a lower-tier side and played just three seasons in the top-flight Oberliga Berlin in 1911–12 and 1917–19. In March 1933, Favorit was joined by the membership of Pankower SC 08 Adler, a left-leaning worker's club banned under the policies of the Nazis which led to the breakup of clubs with undesirable political or religious affiliations. The Pankow side were the 1928 champions of the ATSB (The Arbeiter-Turn- und Sportbund, en:Workers Gymnastics and Sports Federation), a leftist national sports organization which organized a football competition and championship separate from that of the DFB.

### VfL Nord Berlin

Favorit was lost following World War II when occupying Allied forces banned most organizations across the country, including sports and football clubs, as part of the process of de-Nazification. New clubs soon emerged and the former membership of Favorit became part of the railworker's club Sportgruppe Nordbahn Berlin formed in 1945 and which was renamed VfL Nord Berlin on 21 May 1947. SG played a single season in the postwar Stadtliga Berlin, Staffel D (I) in 1945–46 before becoming part of the Landesliga Berlin (II) for the next two years. They captured a divisional title there in 1949 and advanced to the Oberliga Berlin (I). VfL was immediately sent down after a 12th-place result, but quickly bounced back after taking the first ever title of the newly formed Amateurliga Berlin (II) in 1951. That title earned the team a place in the opening round of the national amateur championship where they were put out 1:4 by eventual champions ATSV 1860 Bremen.
After another failed Oberliga campaign, Nord spent four of the next five seasons in Amateurliga play before slipping into lower-tier competition. They re-emerged into the now third tier Amateurliga Berlin in 1962 and were promoted to the Regionalliga Berlin (II) in 1968. The club had two unsuccessful turns at the Regionalliga level in 1968–69 and 1970–71, followed by a pair of poor Amateurliga seasons that ended with demotion in 1973.
On 1 June 1973, VfL merged with Berliner FC Nordstern to create Sportverein Nord-Nordstern Berlin. That club in turn joined SC Rapide Wedding on 1 July 2001 to form present-day club SV Nord Wedding 1893.

## Honours

The club's honours:
* Landesliga Berlin (II)
** Champions: 1949
* Amateurliga Berlin (II)
** Champions: 1951
# WPSU

WPSU may refer to:
* WPSU-TV, a PBS member television broadcast station in State College, Pennsylvania (channel 3, DTV 15)
* WPSU (FM), an NPR member FM radio station in State College, Pennsylvania (91.5 MHz)
* Women's Social and Political Union, a militant organisation campaigning for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, 1903–17
# Piple

Piple may refer to:
* Piple, Kosi, Nepal
* Piple, Narayani, Nepal
# Timehop

Timehop is an application for smartphones that collects old photos and posts from Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Apple Photos, Google Photos and Dropbox photos and distributes the past. The company was founded in 2011 by Jonathan Wegener and Benny Wong. As of January 2016, Timehop had 12 million users.

## History

Timehop began as 4SquareAnd7YearsAgo, which was created at Foursquare's Hackathon in February 2011. The original aim of the app was to build the service that would replay the past foursquare checkins in real-time. The product was simplified into a daily email. A few months later Jonathan Wegener and Benny Wong launched PastPosts.com followed by And7YearsAgram before finally merging under a single brand Timehop.
In the summer of 2013, the company raised $3 million in funding by existing investor, Spark Capital. The funds helped build the Android version of the app. The iOS version reached one million downloads and the app has been in the Top 200 in the U.S. App Store. In 2014, Timehop raised $10 million in Series B funding.

## Controversy

In December 2016, Timehop released the 4.0 update to their app which replaced the scrolling timeline with separate pages for each entry. The update also removed a number of previous features. As a result of the update, Timehop received more than 7,000 1-star reviews in the iOS app store. Although Timehop quickly released an update which restored some of the features, it did not restore the scrolling timeline or Swarm check-ins and the app still has predominantly 1-star reviews. On January 14, 2017, TechCrunch reported that Timehop CEO and co-founder Jonathan Wegener had stepped down and was replaced by Matt Raoul, the former design lead. Wegener stated that his departure "has nothing to do with the new version.” In early July 2018, Timehop had a network intrusion that lead to a data breach. According to the company, 21 million accounts were affected.

## Devices

Timehop is a free application for IOS and Android devices which can be downloaded from the App Store or Google Play.
# Tidal

Tidal is the adjectival form of tide.
Tidal may also refer to:
* Tidal (album), a 1996 album by Fiona Apple
* Tidal (king), a king involved in the Battle of the Vale of Siddim
* TidalCycles, a live coding environment for music
* Tidal (service), a music streaming service
* Tidal: Occupy Theory, Occupy Strategy, a magazine associated with the Occupy Wall Street movement
# Ronssoy

Ronssoy (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Ronssoy is situated 11 miles (18 km) north of Saint-Quentin, on the D6 road
# Timeline of Cambrian research

This timeline of Cambrian research is a chronological listing of events in the history of geology and paleontology focused on the study of Earth during the span of time lasting from 538.8 to 485.4 million years ago (dates as per 2022 revision) and the legacies of this period in the rock and fossil records.

## 19th century

1892
* Whiteaves described the new genus Anomalocaris.

## 20th century

1911
* Charles Walcott described the new genera Pikaia and Wiwaxia.
1912
* Walcott described the new genera Marrella and Opabinia.
1977
* Conway Morris described the new genus Hallucigenia.
# Timothy Woods

Timothy Phillips Woods (born 24 December 1943) is a South African schoolmaster and educationalist.
One of the sons of Arthur Phillips Woods and his wife Katherine Isabella Woods, he was educated at Cordwalles Preparatory School, Natal, Michaelhouse, Natal, Rhodes University, where he graduated BA (first class Honours) in History, MA and UED, and at the University of Oxford, where he took his degree of DPhil.
A Cape Province Rhodes Scholar in 1968, in 1971 he was appointed an assistant master at Felsted School, Essex, England, where he became Head of History four years later. He was Headmaster of Gresham's School, Holt, from 1982 to 1985 and then Head of History at Trent College, Derbyshire, from 1985 to 2004.
In The Times in 2005 he wrote about the value of hockey, referring to South Africa as "a country dominated by rugby as the major sport in the two winter terms".

## Personal life

Woods married Erica Lobb in 1969. He gives his recreations in the British Who's Who as "golf, gardening, music, history and architecture of cathedrals" and his club as Vincent's, Oxford.
He is the brother of David Randle Woods, Vice-Chancellor of Rhodes University from 1996 to 2006.
# Rosa Pastel

Rosa Pastel ("pastel pink") may refer to
* "Rosa Pastel" (Belanova song), 2006
* "Rosa Pastel" (Peso Pluma and Jasiel Nuñez song), 2023
# Tillandsia recurvispica

Tillandsia recurvispica is a species in the genus Tillandsia. This species is endemic to Bolivia.
# Mooreia alkaloidigena

Mooreia alkaloidigena is a species of bacteria.
# Saint-Saturnin, Marne

Saint-Saturnin (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Red King hypothesis

The Red King hypothesis contrasts with the Red Queen hypothesis, where mutualistic and cooperative interactions favor the fitness of a set of individuals through slow evolution, as opposed to having competitive interactions or having an "arms race". The hypothesis posits that individuals from different communities can establish positive interactions for long periods of time when there is a great benefit for both parties, also through mutual help, individuals from different species (communities) can share different tasks to build a niche (Black Queen hypothesis), which avoid spending energy in competing and increasing their resilience over environmental stress.
The types of interaction between species determine how fast they coevolve: parasites and their hosts are thought to co-evolve more rapidly, while partners in a mutualistic relationship are thought to evolve more slowly.
The Red King effect drives slower-evolving species to obtain a higher proportion of long-term benefits compared to competing fast-evolving species.
It has been described that the effects of Red Queen and Red King can switch with each other at the convenience of the species, their effects also vary during the life time of populations, so the changes are also reflected in their evolution rates.
An attempt has been made to identify why there is a switch between Red Queen and Red King effects and some studies have postulated that it is mainly due to environmental variables such as access to resources and environmental conditions, as postulated by the stress gradient hypothesis and the mutualism-parasitism continuum hypothesis.
An example of the Red King hypothesis is the microbialite and coral communities that are assemblages of different species that can persist for thousands of years as well as some facilitating organisms such as desert plants and mycorrhizae.
# Husarz

Husarz may refer to:
* Hussar
* Towarzysz husarski
* Third-generation Siemens EuroSprinter locomotives operated by PKP Intercity, officially classed as EU44
# Hunyadiscus saurini

Hunyadiscus saurini is a species of air-breathing land snails, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Plectopylidae.
The specific name saurini is in honour of French geologist and malacologist Edmond Saurin (1904–1977), who collected type material. Saurin's type material is as of 2016 the only known material of this species.

## Distribution

The distribution of Hunyadiscus saurini includes Laos.
The type locality is "Laos, Pa Hia (Ancienne province Tran Ninh)".
# Hunyadiscus andersoni

Hunyadiscus andersoni is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Plectopylidae.

## Distribution

The distribution of Hunyadiscus andersoni includes Kachin State and Mandalay Region in Northern Myanmar and in Kakhyen Hills, Western Yunnan, China.
The type locality is "Bhamo in regno Avæ et Hoetone in Yunan".
# Hurlingham, Nairobi

Hurlingham is a commercial and residential neighbourhood in the city of Nairobi. It is approximately 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) west of the central business district.

## Location

Hurlingham Estate is located approximately 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) west of Nairobi's central business district in the Upper Hill neighbourhood. Hurlingham is straddled by mostly the Agwings Kodhek Road (formerly Hurlingham Road). It ends at the intersection between Agwings Kodhek Road and Cotton Avenue (Ring Road, Kilimani). Yaya Centre, an upscale shopping mall, is a major landmark of the neighbourhood. It borders Kilimani Estate to the west, to the and north and contains Caledonia Estate. Electorally, Hurlingham is placed under Dagoretti North Constituency, which is partially administratively placed within the larger sub-county of Westlands.

## Overview

Hurlingham Estate was named after a sport of polo was introduced in British East Africa at around 1907. Hurlingham was placed under the Upper Hill and was considered a whites-only residential area by the British colonialists in the mid 20th century. It was not until the 1960s when it was racially integrated. The neighbourhood has historically been primarily low-density residential, but gradually grew into a mixed-use neighbourhood since the early 1990s; both retail and offices and the launch of Yaya Centre shopping mall.

## Points of interest

* Yaya Centre, in Hurlingham, is a shopping mall with over 100 retail shops.
* Department of Defence Headquarters, along Valley Road.